OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Staré Křečany

Staré Křečany (until 1946 Starý Ehrenberk; German: Alt Ehrenberg) is a municipality and village in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Staré Křečany consists of six municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Staré Křečany (691)
* Brtníky (191)
* Kopec (18)
* Nové Křečany (202)
* Panský (17)
* Valdek (22)

## Geography

Staré Křečany is located about 27 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Děčín and 45 km (28 mi) northeast of Ústí nad Labem. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook, briefly bordering Germany in the west.
Staré Křečany lies mostly in the Lusatian Highlands, only the southwestern part of the municipal territory extends into the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The highest point is at 566 m (1,857 ft) above sea level. The Mandau River originates in the municipal territory and then flows through the village of Staré Křečany.

## History

The first written mention of Staré Křečany is from 1485 (under the name Starý Ehrenberk). The village was founded by a salt trade route leading from the Baltic to the south. In 1633, Starý Ehrenberk was destroyed by Saxons and Swedes. The village was not restored until 1686.
Until World War II, the village was ethnically mixed Czech-German. After the war, the German population was expelled. In 1946, the municipality and the village were renamed Staré Křečany.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 7,529 | — |
| 1880 | 7,399 | −1.7% |
| 1890 | 7,050 | −4.7% |
| 1900 | 6,571 | −6.8% |
| 1910 | 6,718 | +2.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 5,826 | −13.3% |
| 1930 | 6,021 | +3.3% |
| 1950 | 2,014 | −66.6% |
| 1961 | 2,000 | −0.7% |
| 1970 | 1,785 | −10.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,438 | −19.4% |
| 1991 | 1,147 | −20.2% |
| 2001 | 1,175 | +2.4% |
| 2011 | 1,204 | +2.5% |
| 2021 | 1,141 | −5.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Staré Křečany is located on the railway line Rumburk–Mikulášovice. However, trains run on it only on weekends and holidays during the summer season.

## Sights

The main landmark of Staré Křečany is the Church of Saint John of Nepomuk. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1736–1741. In 1795, a large entrance gate with statues of angels and the cemetery wall were added. The Stations of the Cross were established by the cemetery wall in 1822.
# Kumara (surname)

Kumara is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ajith Kumara (born 1973), Sri Lankan politician
* Dinesh Kumara (born 1983), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Malith Kumara (born 1989), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Manjula Kumara (born 1984), Sri Lankan high jumper
* Pradeep Kumara (born 1972), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Prasad Kumara (born 1978), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Rohan Pradeep Kumara (born 1975), Sri Lankan athlete
* Yoshan Kumara (born 1990), Sri Lankan cricketer
# Nerašte

Nerasht (Macedonian: Нераште, Albanian: Nerasht) is a village in the municipality of Tearce, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Nerašte had 2,724 residents with the following ethnic composition:
* Albanians 2,670
* Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 51
* Macedonians 2
* Others 1
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 3,485 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 3478
* Others 7
In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Nerašte was inhabited by 465 Muslim Albanians.
# Anja Fichtel

Anja Fichtel-Mauritz (born 17 August 1968, née Fichtel) is a retired German foil fencer. At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, she won in the individual and team competitions, and she won the individual competition of the World Championship in 1986 and 1990. She was winner of the World Championships in 1985, 1989, 1993 as a member of the national German team and second in team competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics. From 1986 until 1996 Fichtel held the title of German champion.

## Biography

Anja Fichtel attended the Kaufmännische Schule Tauberbischofsheim and fought for the Fencing-Club Tauberbischofsheim.
Fichtel is remembered not just for her many victories, but also for her vigorous fencing style. As Elena Grishina, the Soviet fencer, recalls:
   The appearance of Anja Fichtel in foil fencing has drastically changed our view on that type of weapon. Earlier the foil fencers would exchange technical tricks for a long while, using parries and counter-parries, attacks with multiple riposte and parat riposte, attacks with multiple binds and disengagements. Anja used to advance with three quick balestra, then stepped back, forcing her opponent to come closer, then she threw her arm above her head and vigorously attacked with a large lunge, making it almost half-size of the strip. She would aim the hit either at the shoulder or the back of competitor, and there was practically no chance to avoid it.
In 1990, she won the "Russian Cup," an international tournament in foil fencing for women held in Moscow, where the highest award was reserved for the foil fencer who did not lose a single bout. A year later, she again won the same cup.
Seven weeks before the Olympics in Barcelona, Anja gave birth to her son Lauren. She followed her husband Merten Mauritz to Austria and changed her name to Fichtel-Mauritz. She still represented Germany at the team Olympics and took second place behind the Italian team.
The Russians met Fichtel in Moscow in 1993. At the “Russian Cup”, she lost to Diana Bianchedi and took second place. In March 1997, she announced her retirement, and in October of the same year she gave birth to her second baby, and in 2007 her third child was born. Her elder son Lauren has also taken up fencing.

## Palmarès

    1985 Junior World Fencing Championships, foil, individual and team
    1986 World Fencing Championships, foil, individual
    1988 Junior World Fencing Championships, foil, individual
    1988 Olympic Games, foil, individual and team
    1989 World Fencing Championships, foil, individual
    1989 World Fencing Championships, foil, team
    1990 World Fencing Championships, foil, individual
    1992 Olympic Games, foil, team
    1993 World Fencing Championships, foil, team
# Wan Ok Phansa

Wan Ok Phansa (Thai: วันออกพรรษา, pronounced; literally "day of going out of Vassa", ออก in Thai meaning exit or leave) is the last day of the Thai-Lao observance of Vassa. It occurs in October, three lunar months after the beginning of Vassa, known as Wan Khao Phansa (Thai: วันเข้าพรรษา).
The day is celebrated in the Isan province by illuminated boat processions (Thai: ไหลเรือไฟ lai ruea fai, Northeastern Thai: ไหลเฮือไฟ lai huea fai), notably in Nakhon Phanom Province on the Mekong and in Ubon Ratchathani city on the Mun River.
The main ceremonies feature boats of 8–10 metres in length, formerly made of banana wood or bamboo but now sometimes of other materials. The boats are filled with offerings such as khao tom (glutinous rice sweets wrapped in banana leaves) and decorated on the outside with flowers, candles and lamps. The boats are launched in the evening.
Additionally, some celebrants individually launch their own, smaller, vessels. Boat races also take place around this time in many places throughout the country as a way to please the Nāga spirits. Along the Mekong River, people launch little hot air balloons, acting as lanterns, around the night of Wan Ok Phansa.
Launching the boats (or the lanterns) symbolizes one's wishes but also getting rid of unnecessary negative feelings.

## Etymology

"Wan" (Thai: วัน) means "day", "Ok" (Thai: ออก) means "to exit; to leave", and Phansa (Thai: พรรษา) is the Thai word for Vassa.

## Dates for Wan Ok Phansa

| Zodiac | Date | Date | Date |
| Rat | 27 October 1996 | 14 October 2008 | 2 October 2020 |
| Ox | 16 October 1997 | 4 October 2009 | 20 October 2021 |
| Tiger | 5 October 1998 | 23 October 2010 | 9 October 2022 |
| Rabbit | 24 October 1999 | 12 October 2011 | 28 October 2023 |
| Dragon | 13 October 2000 | 30 October 2012 | 17 October 2024 |
| Snake | 2 October 2001 | 19 October 2013 | 7 October 2025 |
| Horse | 21 October 2002 | 8 October 2014 | 26 October 2026 |
| Goat | 10 October 2003 | 27 October 2015 | 15 October 2027 |
| Monkey | 28 October 2004 | 16 October 2016 | 3 October 2028 |
| Rooster | 18 October 2005 | 5 October 2017 | 22 October 2029 |
| Dog | 7 October 2006 | 24 October 2018 | 11 October 2030 |
| Pig | 26 October 2007 | 13 October 2019 | 30 October 2031 |
# David Hayes Kincheloe

David Hayes Kincheloe (April 9, 1877 – April 16, 1950) was a United States representative from Kentucky and a judge of the United States Customs Court.

## Education and early life

Born on April 9, 1877, near Sacramento, Kentucky, Kincheloe attended the public schools and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Bowling Green Business College (now Western Kentucky University) in 1898. He read law, was admitted to the bar in 1899, and commenced practice in Calhoun, Kentucky. He served as prosecuting attorney of McLean County, Kentucky from 1902 to 1906. He moved to Madisonville, Kentucky in 1906 and continued the practice of law.

## Congressional service

Kincheloe was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives of the 64th United States Congress and to the seven succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1915, until his resignation on October 5, 1930, having been appointed to the bench.

## Federal Judicial Service

Kincheloe received a recess appointment from President Herbert Hoover on September 22, 1930, to a seat on the United States Customs Court vacated by Judge George Emery Weller. He was nominated to the same position by President Hoover on December 4, 1930. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 22, 1931, and received his commission on January 29, 1931. His service terminated on April 30, 1948, due to his retirement.

## Death

Kincheloe died in Washington, D.C., on April 16, 1950. He was interred in Odd Fellows Cemetery in Madisonville.
# IRAM 30m telescope

The IRAM 30m telescope is a radio telescope, located in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, Spain. It is operated by the Institute for Radio Astronomy in the Millimetre Range (IRAM) for observing astronomical objects in the millimetre range of the electromagnetic spectrum. With its large surface and wide-angle camera, the telescope is capable of exploring vast cosmic objects. It is one of the largest and most sensitive millimetre wavelength telescopes in the world, serving over 200 astronomers annually. The telescope is primarily used to study interstellar clouds, star nurseries, galaxies, and black hole jets.
Together with IRAM's second facility, the NOEMA observatory, the telescope is part of the global Event Horizon Telescope array. It was the only station in Europe to participate in the 2017 EHT observing campaign that produced the first image of a black hole.

## Operation

Built from 1980 to 1984, the telescope operates at 2850 meters above sea level. Due to its large surface in the shape of a bowl and 420 panels adjusted to a precision of 55 micrometres, the IRAM is one of the most sensitive single dish radio telescopes in the world. The telescope can be pointed towards a celestial source, allowing astronomers to build up radio images of complete galaxies or regions of star formations.
The telescope is equipped with a suite of heterodyne receivers and continuum cameras operating at wavelengths of around 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 millimetres. The telescope can observe these wavelengths simultaneously, allowing it to produce multiple images of the same region in different wavelengths at once.
IRAM offers guided tours through the observatory and public talks during the summer months. A virtual tour is provided on IRAM's website.

## Science

Unlike optical astronomy telescopes, which are suitable for observing hot objects which emit visible radiation, radio telescopes that operate in the millimetre wavebands can view much colder objects that emit lower frequency radiation. For instance, supermassive black holes are very cold, with some larger black holes on the order of 10$^{−14}$ Kelvin. Other cold cosmic objects include planets, distant galaxies, and large gas clouds.
As part of the Event Horizon Telescope array, the IRAM 30-meter telescope obtained the first-ever image of a black hole. The IRAM 30-meter telescope also produced the first high-resolution radio observations of the heart of the Milky Way galaxy and its black hole named Sagittarius A* in 1995 along with the NOEMA. Together with NOEMA, it discovered one-third of the interstellar molecules known to date.

## Gallery

* The IRAM 30-meter telescope scanning the night sky.
* The IRAM 30-meter telescope.
* The NOEMA observatory, IRAM's second facility.
# Finnur Ingólfsson

Finnur Ingólfsson (born 8 August 1954) is an Icelandic politician and former government minister. He was the governor of Central Bank of Iceland from 2000 to 2002.
# Richard S. Whaley

Richard Smith Whaley (July 15, 1874 – November 8, 1951) was a United States representative from South Carolina and Chief Justice of the Court of Claims.

## Education and career

Born on July 15, 1874, in Charleston, South Carolina, Whaley attended the Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. He received a Bachelor of Laws in 1897 from the University of Virginia School of Law. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Charleston from 1897 to 1913. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1900 to 1913, serving as Speaker from 1907 to 1910 and as Speaker Pro Tempore in 1913.

### Football coach

In 1896, Whaley served as the first head coach of the University of South Carolina football team. During his one season with the Gamecocks, he compiled an overall record of one win and three losses (1–3).

## Congressional service

Whaley was presiding officer of the South Carolina Democratic state convention in 1910 and of the Democratic city convention in 1911. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1912 and 1920. He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives of the 63rd United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative George Swinton Legaré. He reelected to the 64th, 65th and 66th United States Congresses and served from April 29, 1913, to March 3, 1921. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1920.

## Later career

Whaley returned to private practice in Charleston from 1921 to 1923. He was Chairman of the District of Columbia Rent Commission from 1923 to 1925.

## Federal judicial service

Whaley was a Trial Judge of the Court of Claims from 1925 to 1930.
Whaley was nominated by President Herbert Hoover on May 23, 1930, to a Judge seat on the Court of Claims vacated by Judge Samuel Jordan Graham. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 2, 1930, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on June 27, 1939, due to his elevation to Chief Justice of the same court.
Whaley was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 23, 1939, to the Chief Justice seat on the Court of Claims (United States Court of Claims from June 25, 1948) vacated by Chief Justice Fenton W. Booth. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 26, 1939, and received his commission on June 27, 1939. He assumed senior status on July 9, 1947. His service terminated on November 8, 1951, due to his death in Charleston. He was interred in Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston.
# Duncan High School

Duncan High School is a high school in Duncan, Arizona. It is the only high school under the jurisdiction of the Duncan Unified School District, which also includes an elementary school.
# Fenton Whitlock Booth

Fenton Whitlock Booth (May 12, 1869 – July 26, 1947) was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives and later chief justice of the Court of Claims.

## Education and career

Born on May 12, 1869, in Marshall, Clark County, Illinois, Booth attended DePauw University, where he was a member of Delta Upsilon, and received a Bachelor of Laws in 1892 from the University of Michigan Law School. He entered private practice in Marshall from 1892 to 1905. He was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1896 to 1898. He was a delegate to the 1904 Republican National Convention. He was dean of Howard University Law School from 1922 to 1930. He was a professor at the National University Law School (now George Washington University Law School) from 1931 to 1938. He was a professor at Southeastern University in Washington, D.C. He refused to accept remuneration for any of his academic service. He was Chairman of Board #10 of the Office of Price Administration in Indianapolis, Indiana.

## Federal judicial service

Booth was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on March 14, 1905, to a seat on the Court of Claims (later the United States Court of Claims) vacated by Judge Francis Marion Wright. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 17, 1905, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 23, 1928, due to his elevation to be Chief Justice of the same court.
Booth was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge on April 18, 1928, to the Chief Justice seat on the Court of Claims vacated by Chief Justice Edward Kernan Campbell. He was confirmed by the Senate on April 18, 1928, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on June 15, 1939. His service terminated on July 26, 1947, due to his death in Indianapolis.

## Personal

Booth was the nephew of California political figure Newton Booth. He married Mabel Dana on December 17, 1893.
# Frank I. Osborne

Francis Irwin Osborne (May 28, 1853 – January 20, 1920) was the Attorney General of North Carolina from 1893 to 1896.

## Biography

Francis Osborne was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on May 28, 1853. He attended Davidson College before reading law for 2 years in the offices of Richmond Mumford Pearson, Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Osborne was admitted to the North Carolina Bar in 1875. At age 25, he was elected mayor of the city of Charlotte. He was elected Attorney General of North Carolina in 1893, but, defeated for reelection to the same office in 1896. Osborne served a term as a State Senator from Mecklenburg County, North Carolina in the North Carolina General Assembly from 1898 to 1899. He served on 9 standing Senate Committees. After 1899, Osborne resumed his legal practice at the law firm of Osborne, Maxwell & Kearn. Though, himself, a Democrat, in 1901 Osborne defended both North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice David M. Furches and North Carolina Supreme Court Associate Justice Robert Martin Douglas during their impeachment hearings. Osborne was of the opinion that the Republican judges' impeachments were unwarranted and an attempted political purge. Osborne's brilliant speech before the North Carolina General Assembly in closing defense of the justices caused both to be acquitted. As reward for his successful defense of the justices, Theodore Roosevelt upon assuming office as President of the United States appointed Osborne a judge of the United States Court of Private Land Claims, on which he served from 1901 to 1904.
Francis Osborne died at his home in Charlotte on January 20, 1920.
# Francis E. Baker

Francis Elisha Baker (October 20, 1860 – March 15, 1924) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and of the United States Circuit Courts for the Seventh Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Goshen, Indiana, Baker received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Michigan in 1882 and read law to enter the bar in 1884. He was in private practice in Goshen from 1884 to 1899. He was a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from January 2, 1899, to January 25, 1902.

## Federal judicial service

Baker was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on December 11, 1901, to a joint seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and the United States Circuit Courts for the Seventh Circuit vacated by Judge William Allen Woods. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 21, 1902, and received his commission the same day. On December 31, 1911, the Circuit Courts were abolished and he thereafter served only on the Court of Appeals. Following the retirement of Justice William R. Day, Judge Baker was on Warren G. Harding‘s shortlist to replace him on the Supreme Court, but the seat ultimately went to Pierce Butler. He was a member of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges (now the Judicial Conference of the United States) from 1922 to 1923. His service terminated on March 15, 1924, due to his death in Chicago, Illinois.
# Claiborne Kinnard House

The Claiborne Kinnard House also known as Windermere is a historic home in Franklin, Tennessee, built in 1887 on land that was once the eastern flank of the 1864 Battle of Franklin. A 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources assessed that this house was one of the "best two-story vernacular I-House examples" in the county; the others highly rated were the William King House, the Alpheus Truett House, the Thomas Brown House, the Beverly Toon House, and the Stokely Davis House.$^{:30}$ The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is located in Franklin at the corner of Lewisburg Pike and Carnton Lane (now the Heath Place subdivision).
The land was originally owned by John McGavock who lived at nearby Carnton Plantation. He willed 100 acres (40 ha) to his daughter Harriet (Hattie) and her husband, George L. Cowan who built the house in 1887. It had various unofficial names in the 20th century but the earliest was "Windermere" which is the name preferred by the 21st century owners. In 1915 the house and 215 acres (87 ha) was sold to Claiborne H. Kinnard. When Kinnard died in 1966, the property went to his son Claiborne H. Kinnard Jr. The Kinnard family built a large swimming pool on the property, a business venture known as "Willow Plunge" which was very popular and remained in business from 1924 to 1967.
# Tor Åge Bringsværd

Tor Åge Bringsværd (born 16 November 1939 in Skien, Norway) is an author, playwright, editor, and translator and is perhaps best known for his speculative fiction. Together with long-time partner Jon Bing, he is also considered the first Norwegian author to write science fiction literature. Bringsværd regards himself as an anarchist, which is clearly reflected in some of his works. He is also known for his distinctive style of writing, for example, his seemingly random jumps to narratives or anecdotes with no clear relationship to the main story.