OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Merrill Hough

Charles Merrill Hough (May 18, 1858 – April 22, 1927) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born on May 18, 1858, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hough received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1879 from Dartmouth College and read law in 1883. He entered private practice in New York City from 1884 to 1906.

## Federal judicial service

Hough was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on June 20, 1906, to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (S.D.N.Y.), to a new seat authorized by 34 Stat. 202. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 27, 1906, and received his commission the same day.
Hough's most historically memorable judicial ruling came in 1908 in United States vs. Press Publishing Co. Hough quashed a libel suit brought by the federal government on behalf of President Roosevelt against a newspaper, the New York World, that had been critical of the way the administration handled the Panama Canal startup. The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously upheld Hough’s ruling in 1911.
In 1909, Hough ruled in favor of the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (ALAM) against the Ford Motor Company, regarding an automobile patent issued to George B. Selden that ALAM was using to collect royalties. Hough's ruling was overturned on appeal in 1911, allowing Ford (and other manufacturers) to produce automobiles without paying a royalty.
Hough's service with S.D.N.Y. terminated on September 5, 1916, due to his elevation to the Second Circuit.
Hough was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on August 15, 1916, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Emile Henry Lacombe. Hough was confirmed by the Senate on August 21, 1916, and received his commission the same day. He was a member of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges (now the Judicial Conference of the United States) in 1926. His service terminated on April 22, 1927, due to his death in New York City.

## Personal life

Hough was the son of brigadier general Alfred Lacey Hough (1826–1908) and Mary Jane Merrill. He married Ethel Powers in 1906. They bore two children, Helen Anastasia Hough (1905–1978) and John Newbold Hough (1906–2000).
# Hüseyin Özgürgün

Hüseyin Özgürgün (born 1965) is a Turkish Cypriot politician and a former Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus. He is the current leader of the National Unity Party (UBP). He was formerly the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. From 23 April to 17 May 2010 he was also Acting Prime Minister. Moreover, he was prime minister of Northern Cyprus from 16 April 2016 to 2 February 2018.

## Early life

Özgürgün was born in 1965 in Nicosia, where he completed his education up to high school. He then studied political science in Ankara University and graduated in 1988. He was a prolific sportsman, representing Northern Cyprus in basketball, football, volleyball, table tennis and athletics and later serving as a sports administrator. He served as the chairman of Çetinkaya Türk S.K. and led it to a championship. He later worked as an administrator in private businesses.

## Political career

Özgürgün was first elected as a member of the Assembly of the Republic in the 1998 parliamentary election, representing Lefkoşa District for the UBP. He was later re-elected to the same position in 2003, 2005, 2009 and 2013. He is known to accept bribes from various business people in the country during his career. Currently he is with an arrest warrant in Cyprus thus continuing his life in Turkey.
# Basilica of Notre-Dame, Marienthal

The Basilica of Notre-Dame, Marienthal (French: Basilique Notre-Dame de Marienthal), is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Located in Marienthal, in the Bas-Rhin department of France, it is administratively situated in the town of Haguenau.
Pope Pius IX crowned the dolorous Marian image enshrined within in 19 September 1859. Pope Leo XIII elevated the status of the shrine to Minor basilica in 31 May 1892.
The first sanctuary at this site was built around 1250 by the knight Albert of Haguenau (died in 1254), who had had a religious epiphany some ten years prior and had gathered a small community of faithful around him. This first sanctuary, called "Mary in the Valley", venerated a statue of the Madonna and Child which is not preserved today. The two statues that are venerated today, a Madonna and Child and a Pietà, date from the early 15th century. In the 18th century, the basilica also received precious gifts from queen consort Marie Leszczyńska.
The current, spacious church was built in 1863–1866 in the Gothic Revival style, but keeps a Late Gothic sacristy from 1519, decorated with early Renaissance bosses, and elaborate works of art such as a Dormition of Virgin Mary, and an Entombment of Christ, carved in sandstone by the local master sculptor, Friedrich Hammer (also known as Fritz Hammer, or Frédéric Hammer). Among the 19th-century works of art in the basilica figures a set of frescoes by Martin von Feuerstein (1889).

## Gallery

* West facade
* Steeple
* Interior, looking east
* Interior, looking west
* Madonna and Child
* Pietà (Canonically Crowned, 19 September 1859, PP. Pius IX)
# Jannik Skov Hansen

Jannik Skov Hansen (born 5 January 1993) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Denmark Series club Ishøj.

## Club career

Hansen spent his early career with Brøndby and HB Køge. In July 2016, after a spell with Rishøj BK, he signed for HIK. He next played for Skovshoved before signing for Randers in January 2018. He was released by Randers in January 2019, following just one appearance and a number of injuries.
In 2019, Skov Hansen joined AB. He left the club at the end of the season. In 2020 he joined Vordingborg IF in the Denmark Series.
After a spell at FC Roskilde in 2021, Skov Hansen moved to Holbæk B&I in March 2022. In June 2023, he transferred to Ishøj IF following a departure from Holbæk due to a conflict with the management.
In 2024, Skov Hansen signed for Denmark Series club Gørslev IF.

## International career

Hansen represented Denmark at youth international level from under-16 to under-19 levels.

## Personal life

In March 2018, Hansen talked about the depression and suicidal thoughts he had experienced earlier in his career.
# Albany Club (Western Australia)

The Albany Club also known as the Aberdeen House is a heritage listed building located on Aberdeen Street in Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.
In Western Australia, only the Weld Club in Perth is older than the Albany gentlemen's club, which was established in 1894. No private club outside the metropolitan area has occupied the same building for so long.
John Moir, who served as the mayor of Albany for four terms, built a new residence on Aberdeen Street in 1886; his wife died shortly before the residence was completed. Moir, who was also a founding member of the Albany Club, let it be used as a club facility from 1895 until 1939 when the club acquired the building. The Albany Club building later became heritage listed.
The building has two storeys and is constructed of stuccoed brick and with a corrugated iron roof, designed in the Victorian Style with Italianate elements.
In 2005 the building received interim heritage listing.
Foundation members of the club include: Albert Young Hassell, John Moir, S. J. Haynes and W. H. Angove.
# Anantahari Mitra

Anantahari Mitra (1906 – September 28, 1926) was a Bengali Indian independence movement activist.

## Early life

Anantahari, the son of Ramlal Mitra, was born in Baaganchra village, Shantipur, Nadia District in British India. He received a student scholarship and went to Chattagram. After his Matriculation from Mymensingh, he shifted to Bangabasi College, Calcutta, for further studies.

## Revolutionary activities

In the wake of the Non-cooperation movement, Anantahari left his studies and became a whole-time Congress worker, spinning Charkha, weaving and selling khaddar, and agitating for the boycott of foreign goods. After that Mitra, met with nationalist revolutionary poet Bijaylal Chattopadhyay and came to Krishnanagar, Nadia where he met with leaders of the Indian National Congress. In 1924, Mitra actively took part in revolutionary freedom struggle and left for Daksineswar. Police raided his residence at Daksineswar on 10 November 1925 and arrested Mitra along with other activists. He was sent to prison in 1926 for his connection with the Daksineswar Conspiracy Case.

## Death

Mitra and his partners killed Bhupen Chatterjee, an infamous deputy superintendent of police of the Intelligence Branch because he frequently met revolutionary prisoners to exact information. For this, Mitra was sentenced to death. On 28 September 1926, Mitra and Pramod Ranjan Choudhury were hanged at Alipore Jail, Kolkata.
# Ernst Kummer

Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 January 1810 – 14 May 1893) was a German mathematician. Skilled in applied mathematics, Kummer trained German army officers in ballistics; afterwards, he taught for 10 years in a gymnasium, the German equivalent of high school, where he inspired the mathematical career of Leopold Kronecker.

## Life

Kummer was born in Sorau, Brandenburg (then part of Prussia). He was awarded a PhD from the University of Halle in 1831 for writing a prize-winning mathematical essay (De cosinuum et sinuum potestatibus secundum cosinus et sinus arcuum multiplicium evolvendis), which was published a year later.
In 1840, Kummer married Ottilie Mendelssohn, daughter of Nathan Mendelssohn and Henriette Itzig. Ottilie was a cousin of Felix Mendelssohn and his sister Rebecca Mendelssohn Bartholdy, the wife of the mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. His second wife (whom he married soon after the death of Ottilie in 1848), Bertha Cauer, was a maternal cousin of Ottilie. Overall, he had 13 children. His daughter Marie married the mathematician Hermann Schwarz. Kummer retired from teaching and from mathematics in 1890 and died three years later in Berlin.

## Mathematics

Kummer made several contributions to mathematics in different areas; he codified some of the relations between different hypergeometric series, known as contiguity relations. The Kummer surface results from taking the quotient of a two-dimensional abelian variety by the cyclic group {1, −1} (an early orbifold: it has 16 singular points, and its geometry was intensively studied in the nineteenth century).
Kummer also proved Fermat's Last Theorem for a considerable class of prime exponents (see regular prime, ideal class group). His methods were closer, perhaps, to p-adic ones than to ideal theory as understood later, though the term 'ideal' was invented by Kummer. He studied what were later called Kummer extensions of fields: that is, extensions generated by adjoining an nth root to a field already containing a primitive nth root of unity. This is a significant extension of the theory of quadratic extensions, and the genus theory of quadratic forms (linked to the 2-torsion of the class group). As such, it is still foundational for class field theory.
Kummer further conducted research in ballistics and, jointly with William Rowan Hamilton he investigated ray systems.

## Publications

* Kummer, Ernst Eduard (1975), Weil, André (ed.), Collected papers. Volume 1: Contributions to Number Theory, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-06835-0, MR 0465760
* Kummer, Ernst Eduard (1975), Weil, André (ed.), Collected papers. Volume II: Function theory, geometry and miscellaneous, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-06836-5, MR 0465761
# Get Out of Jail Free card

A Get Out of Jail Free card is an element of the board game Monopoly. It has since become a popular metaphor for something that will get one out of an undesired situation without any repercussions.

## Use in the game

The original American version of the board game Monopoly has two Get Out of Jail Free cards, with distinctive artwork. One, a "Community Chest" card, depicts a winged version of the game's mascot, Mr. Monopoly, in his tuxedo as he flies out of an open birdcage. The other, a "Chance" card, shows him booted out of a prison cell in a striped convict uniform. More modern versions of the game have more simply illustrated cards with a set of four jail bars, with the middle two bent outwards, implying a prison escape.
Players move around the Monopoly board according to dice throws. Most of the tiles players land on are properties that can be bought. There is also a tile, the Jail, that can hold players and cause them to lose their turn until certain conditions are met. They can end up in this space by landing on the "Go to Jail" tile, throwing three doubles in a row, or drawing a "Go to Jail" card from Community Chest or Chance. The Get Out of Jail Free card frees the player from jail to continue playing and progress around the board without paying a fine, then must be returned to the respective deck upon playing it.
As the card's text says, it can also be sold by the possessing player to another player for a price that is "agreeable by both".

## In law

* In 1567, the prize in Britain's first lottery, commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Francis Drake to raise funds for England's navy, included a kind of "get out of jail free card" which the winner could use to excuse any but the most serious crimes.
* In 1967, James Robert Ringrose, one of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives at the time, presented a Get Out of Jail Free card to FBI agents after he was arrested.
* In the U.S. Supreme Court case Hudson v. Michigan (2006), the Court ruled that use of evidence against a defendant obtained through search warrants in instances that the police failed to knock-and-announce does not violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The majority opinion by Justice Scalia notes that suppressing evidence in such instances would amount "in many cases to a get-out-of-jail-free card."
* The Patrolmen's Benevolent Association of the City of New York, a large NYPD union, gives out cards to officers to distribute to friends and family, giving them preferential treatment for minor offenses. The cards are commonly referred to as "get out of jail free" cards, and are sometimes sold on eBay.
# Padmabila Junction railway station

Padmabila Junction Railway Station is a railway station on Dhaka–Jessore line located in Jessore Sadar Upazila, Jessore District, Bangladesh. It is one of four railway stations in the district are constructed under Padma Bridge Rail Link project.

## History

Ministry of Railways is constructing 172 km broad-gauge railway. The railway line starts from Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh to Jessore. Under the Railway Link Project of Padma Bridge, 14 railway stations will be built and 6 railway station will be repaired. 310 rail bridges will be built for the new railway line. 66 of 310 are major and 244 are minor bridges. As part of the construction of the railway line, the railway junction is planned to be constructed at Padmabila area of Basundia Union Council of Jessore District. According to the route map, the railway will be divided into two parts from Padmabila Junction, one railway line will go to Rupdia and another to Singia railway station. The existing Rupdia railway station is part of Darshana–Jessore–Khulna line.
# Brice Beckham

James Brice Beckham (born February 11, 1976) is an American actor most famous for his role as Wesley T. Owens in the television sitcom Mr. Belvedere and for his role as Corey in I Hate My 30's. He lives in Los Angeles and is a member of LA's Namaste theater group.

## Early years and education

Born on February 11, 1976 in Long Beach, California, Beckham attended Minnie Gant Elementary School, College Intermediate School, Walter B. Hill Junior High School, and Wilson High School, in Long Beach, California. While in high school, he came in first place in the California High School Speech State Finals in 1993. He attended the University of Southern California, majoring in theater.

## Acting career

Beckham began his acting career in school plays. He later went on to do an assortment of radio commercials, and would later appear on an episode of the TV sitcom Alice. He starred in Mr. Belvedere as Wesley T. Owens. The show aired from 1985 to 1990. He appeared in an episode of Win, Lose, or Draw in 1989, and in a guest role in American Dreamer in 1991. In 1992, he starred in an episode of CBS Schoolbreak Special, called "Two Teens and a Baby".
In 2007, he starred in the VH1 series I Hate My 30s. In 2012, Beckham was one of several former child actors who appeared in a Funny or Die video called "CCOKC", which stood for Child Celebrities Opposing Kirk Cameron. A counterpoint to Cameron's stance on homosexuality, the humorous video aimed to spread the message that gay individuals are not a threat to anyone. Keith Coogan, Josie Davis, Jeremy Licht, Kenn Michael, Christine Lakin, and Maureen Flannigan also appeared in the video.

## Radio and podcast appearances

Beckham appeared on Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor podcast on March 22, 2017.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1984 | Alice | Howie | TV episode – "Big Bad Mel" |
| 1985–1990 | Mr. Belvedere | Wesley T. Owens | Appeared in all 117 episodes. |
| 1988 | Scrabble | Himself | TV episode – "Celebrity Teen Week" |
| 1991 | American Dreamer | Nelson | TV episodes – "Don't Drink the Water", "Papa Joe", "They Shoot Ducks, Don't They?" |
| 1991 | The Wonder Years | Nick | TV episode – "Soccer" |
| 1992 | CBS Schoolbreak Special | Chris Lance | TV episode – "Two Teens and a Baby" |
| 1993 | Roseanne | Lunch Box Customer | TV episode – "Crime and Punishment" |
| 2001 | Silent Story | | |
| 2003 | Behind the Mask | Greg Black | |
| 2004 | Deliverance: The Musical | | |
| 2005 | The Confession | Guard | |
| 2006 | Shark Bait | Green Gossiping Fish/Cynical Shark | Voiceover. |
| 2007 | I Hate My 30's | Corey | VH1 scripted comedy series. Appeared in all 8 episodes. |
| 2009 | Burn Notice | Jeremy | TV episode – "Bad Breaks" |
| 2009 | Buttf**ker | Mr. Wyler |
| 2011 | L.A. Noire | David Parker | (video game voiceover) |
# Qualia Research Institute

Qualia Research Institute (QRI) is a nonprofit research organization based in Silicon Valley, California that focuses on researching consciousness and psychedelics. The organization is led by Andrés Gómez Emilsson, and it describes itself as revealing the computational properties of consciousness. Its board of directors include Olaf Carlson-Wee, founder of Polychain Capital, and its board of advisors include Wojciech Zaremba, co-founder of OpenAI.

## Research

Qualia Research Institute aims to develop a mathematical formalization of consciousness. This is motivated by the premises of qualia formalism, which asserts that subjective human experiences correspond to mathematical structures, as well as valence realism, which asserts that conscious experience can be measured objectively. These premises form the foundation of the Symmetry Theory of Valence, proposed by Michael Johnson in collaboration with researchers at QRI. The Symmetry Theory of Valence states that valence (or the subjective feeling associated with a particular state of consciousness) is dependent on its symmetry.
QRI's work also includes the creation of web tools that replicate the effects of "tracers" that are seen while under the influence of psychedelics, as well as guides for writing reports on conscious experiences induced by psychedelics. QRI aims to explore the largely understudied psychedelic compound DMT.

## Psychedelic Cryptography contest

In March 2023, Qualia Research Institute launched a "Psychedelic Cryptography" contest, challenging participants to create videos encoded with information designed to be most easily deciphered by individuals under the psychoactive effects of psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. The contest sought to explore how altered states of consciousness may enhance aspects of information processing. The contest concluded in June 2023, and three winners were awarded with cash prizes.
# Edith Simon (judoka)

Edith Simon (born August 24, 1961 in Vienna) is a former Austrian judoka. She holds the 4th Dan.

## Judo career

Edith Simon competed for the JGV Schuh Ski. In 1980, she won the title in the -66 kg class at the first women's World Championship in New York City. After finishing third at the 1981 European Championship, she became double European champion in 1982, when she won the title in both her weight class up to 66 kg and in the all-category category. Due to a cruciate ligament injury, this was her last competition.

## Results

* 1st place World Championship 1980 New York up to 66 kg
* 1st place European Championship 1982 Oslo up to 66 kg
* 1st place European Championship 1982 Oslo all category
* 3rd place European Championship 1981 Madrid up to 66 kg
* Austrian champion

## Awards

* 2018: Honorary member of the Vienna Judo Association
# Touré Kunda

Touré Kunda is a Senegalese band, noted for their musical versatility and political activism. Their 40-year career encompasses recordings in over six languages and collaborations with well-known musicians such as Carlos Santana and Talking Heads. They have had considerable success in Africa and Europe and are active in social causes such as children's rights and advocates for the homeless.

## Biography

Born twenty-two days apart in 1950 in Ziguinchor in Casamance, Senegal, Ismaïla and Sixu Tidiane Touré were introduced to music by their elder brother Amadou, a singer and musician.
They moved to Paris, France, in 1979 to complete their musical education. They worked their way up in the Parisian scene. The group sings in Soninké, Wolof, Fula, Mandingo, Diola, and Portuguese creole, reflecting the multilingual mixture of the people of Casamance.
Their first album, Ismaïla do Sixu, was released in 1979. It was followed by É'mma Africa in 1980 and Touré Kunda in 1981. In 1985, following the death of their brother and mentor Amadou, Ismael and Sixu Tidiane toured throughout Africa.
Upon returning to France, they found considerable success and critical acclaim among the French music press. In 1992, they were invited to play for Nelson Mandela at the Courtyard of Human Rights.
In 1999, their album Légendes, a retrospective of their 20-year career, was released. Shortly thereafter, they participated in Carlos Santana's album Supernatural and toured with him. A greatest hits album, Best Of, was released in 2006. Another album, Santhiaba, came out in 2008.
Ismaïla and Sixu Tidiane Touré are members of the sponsoring committee of the United Nations' Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World.
On 27 February 2023, Ismaïla died in Paris, France, at the age of 73.

## Discography

* 1980: É'mma Africa
* 1981: Touré Kunda
* 1983: Amadou Tilo
* 1984: Casamance au clair de lune (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 1984: Paris Ziguinchor (Live) (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 1985: Natalia
* 1986: Toubab Bi (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 1987: Best of Touré Kunda (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 1988: Karadindi
* 1990: Salam
* 1991: Sounké (Live)
* 1992: Sili Beto
* 1996: Mouslai (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 1996: The Touré Kunda Collection (Putumayo World Music)
* 1999: Légende (Compilation, Sony)
* 2000: Terra Saabi (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 2008: Santhiaba (Toure Kunda - distribution: Wagram Music)
* 2018: Lambi Golo