OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louis H. Pollak

Louis Heilprin Pollak (December 7, 1922 – May 8, 2012) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. He served on the faculty of Yale Law School and was dean from 1965 to 1970, served on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania Law School and was dean from 1974 to 1978. In 2000, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

## Education and career

Born in New York City, New York, Pollak received his Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1943 and his Bachelor of Laws from the Yale Law School in 1948, where he was editor of the Yale Law Journal. After completing his undergraduate studies at Harvard, Pollak entered the United States Army in 1943, during World War II, serving until 1946. The war ended before he would be deployed outside of the United States. Pollak served as a law clerk to Justice Wiley Rutledge of the United States Supreme Court following graduation from law school. After completing his clerkship, from 1949 to 1951, Pollak worked at the law firm now known as Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison. He then served in the United States Department of State as special assistant to Ambassador-at-large Philip C. Jessup until 1953. Thereafter, Pollak worked as assistant counsel for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. In 1955, Pollak joined the faculty of Yale Law School, where he would remain until 1974. He served as dean from 1965 to 1970.
In 1974, he moved to the University of Pennsylvania Law School, becoming dean the following year. In 1978, he left the University when he was appointed to the bench. Until his death, Pollak remained an adjunct member of the Penn Law faculty and taught there regularly.

### Other legal service

Beginning in 1950, Pollak provided assistance to the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. He worked actively on Brown v. Board of Education. Because he was then working for the State Department, he was not listed on the briefs in the Supreme Court.

## Federal judicial service

Pollak was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on June 7, 1978, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge A. Leon Higginbotham Jr. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 10, 1978, and received his commission on July 12, 1978. He assumed senior status on January 1, 1991, serving in that status until his death on May 8, 2012, in the West Mount Airy neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

## Personal

Pollak's father, Walter H. Pollak, was also a well-known lawyer. He is now remembered especially for his work in major civil rights cases, including Gitlow v. New York and representation of the Scottsboro Boys. From 1952, Pollak was married to Katherine Weiss Pollak, the daughter of Louis S. Weiss, a founding partner of the Paul, Weiss law firm. They had five daughters and eight grandchildren.
# Mariana Pfaelzer

Mariana R. Pfaelzer (February 4, 1926 – May 14, 2015) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

## Education and career

Born to a Jewish family in Los Angeles, California in 1926, Pfaelzer received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1949 and a Juris Doctor from the UCLA School of Law in 1957. She was in private practice in Los Angeles from 1957 to 1978.

## Federal judicial service

On August 8, 1978, Pfaelzer was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a seat on the United States District Court for the Central District of California vacated by Judge Francis C. Whelan. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 22, 1978, and received her commission the next day. She was the first female federal judge appointed to the district. She assumed senior status on December 31, 1997, serving in that status until her death.

## Notable cases

She is noted for her role in striking down California's Proposition 187, which would have denied services to illegal immigrants in California. Pfaelzer handed down a $600 million judgment against Countrywide Financial.
During the 1980's and 90's, she had overseen cases against phreaker and hacker Kevin Mitnick. During his first trial as a youth, she had Mitnick sent to solitary confinement because the prosecutor convinced her he could "Call NORAD, whistle into the phone and launch missiles."

## Death and tributes

On May 14, 2015, Pfaelzer died in Los Angeles after serving on the federal bench for nearly 40 years. George H. King, the Chief District Court Judge for the Central District of California, noted that she "was the epitome of what a federal judge ought to be . . . presi[ding] with brilliance, analytical rigor, practicality, wisdom, grace and courage."

## Personal

Pfaelzer was married to Frank Rothman, an attorney who died in 2000.
# Paul G. Hatfield

Paul Gerhart Hatfield (April 29, 1928 – July 3, 2000) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist. He served briefly as United States Senator from Montana in 1978, and then as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana.

## Early life and education

Born in Great Falls, Montana, Hatfield attended the College of Great Falls (now University of Great Falls). He served in the United States Army Signal Corps with the 181st Signal Depot Company, from 1951 to 1953, including in Korea during the Korean War from 1952 to 1953. He received a Bachelor of Laws from the Alexander Blewett III School of Law at the University of Montana in Missoula in 1955.

## Career

Hatfield was admitted to the Montana bar that same year, commencing his practice in Great Falls. He was chief deputy county attorney for Cascade County from 1959 to 1960 and served as judge of the Eighth Judicial District from 1961 to 1976. He was elected Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court in the 1976 general election, defeating long-time Associate Justice Wesley Castles with a vote of 199,536 (67.5%) to 95,947 (32.5%), taking office in January 1977.

### United States Senate

On January 22, 1978, Montana Governor Thomas Lee Judge appointed Hatfield to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lee Metcalf for the term ending January 3, 1979. He served from January 22, 1978, until his resignation December 14, 1978. He was defeated for nomination in the Democratic primary in June 1978 by Congressman Max Baucus with Baucus getting 87,085 votes (65.3%) to Hatfield's 25,789 (19.3%). There were two other minor candidates in the race. After that nominating defeat, Hatfield remained in the Senate until his own resignation when the election of his successor, Baucus, was officially certified after the general election in November 1978. Max Baucus praised his former primary opponent for being "one of the most decent and thoughtful people I've had the privilege of knowing."

### Federal judicial service

On March 15, 1979, Hatfield was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Montana vacated by Judge Russell Evans Smith. Hatfield was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 9, 1979, and received his commission the following day. He served as Chief Judge from 1990 to 1996, assuming senior status on February 9, 1996, and continuing to serve until the end of his life. Hatfield was a resident of Great Falls from 1979 until his death on July 3, 2000. He is buried in Riverside Memorial Park in Spokane, Washington.

## Death

Hatfield died in Great Falls, Montana in July 2000. The Paul G. Hatfield Courthouse in Helena, Montana is named in his honor.
# Falcon Black Hawkins Jr.

Falcon Black Hawkins Jr. (March 16, 1927 – July 20, 2005) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.

## Education and career

Born in Charleston, South Carolina, Hawkins graduated from North Charleston High School in 1944. He was briefly in the United States Merchant Marine before he enlisted as a private in the United States Army at the end of World War II, from 1945 to 1946. He later received a Bachelor of Science degree from The Citadel in 1958 and a Juris Doctor from the University of South Carolina School of Law in 1963. He was a veteran student at The Citadel and concurrently worked at the Charleston Naval Shipyard where he held the position of Leadingman Electronics. He was in private practice in Charleston from 1963 to 1979. He was initially in private practice with future United States Senator Ernest F. Hollings at the law firm of Hollings and Hawkins, until Hollings entered the United States Senate in 1967.

## Federal judicial service

On June 5, 1979, Hawkins was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina created by 92 Stat. 1629. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 1979, and received his commission on September 26, 1979. He served as Chief Judge from 1990 to 1993, assuming senior status on October 1, 1993. Hawkins served in that capacity until his death, at his home in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, on July 20, 2005.

## Honor

In 2003, Hawkins was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws (Legum Doctor, LL.D.) from The Citadel.
# Ishag Jafarzadeh

Ishag Mammadrza oglu Jafarzadeh (Azerbaijani: İshaq Məmmədrza oğlu Cəfərzadə; August 14, 1895 in Ganja – January 5, 1982 in Baku) was one of the pioneers of Azerbaijan archaeology and ethnography. He excavated over seventy artifacts on Azerbaijan's territory and studied the Gobustan rock paintings. In 1948, during the Gobustan expedition, he discovered the Latin rock inscription near mountain Boyukdash, 70 km from Baku, which is the easternmost Roman evidence to be known.
# American Bellydancer

American Bellydancer is a 2005 documentary film directed by Jonathan Brandeis. It features Bellydancers including Ansuya, Rachel Galoob-Ortega, Suhaila Salimpour, Rachel Brice and Sonia.
# Witteric

Witteric (Spanish: Witerico; Portuguese and Galician: Viterico; c. 565 – April 610) was the Visigoth King of Hispania, Septimania and Galicia. He ruled from 603 to 610.

## Rise to power

The first mention of Witteric in history was as a conspirator with Sunna (bishop), the Arian bishop of Mérida, to reestablish Arianism in 589. While Sunna was sent into exile, it is unknown what happened to Witteric. In the spring of 602, Witteric was given command of the army with the job of expelling the Byzantines. However, when it came time to do so in the Spring of 603, Witteric instead led his troops against King Liuva II, counting on the support of a faction of nobles in opposition to the dynasty of Leovigild. He invaded the royal palace and deposed the young king. Witteric cut off the king's right hand, and then had him condemned and executed in the summer of 603.

## Reign

During his reign, the Visigoths fought the Byzantines. However, Isidore of Seville is dismissive of Witteric's accomplishments, writing that "although he frequently fought battles against the Roman soldiers, he did not win any adequate glory except for capturing some soldiers at Sagunto with the help of his generals." The campaign against Sagunto probably took place in 605. It was probably during his reign, as well, that Bigastrum (near Cartago Nova) was taken, as its bishop appears in a council of Toledo in 610.
In the twelfth year of his reign, king Theodoric II sent for bishop Aridius of Lyons and the constable Eborin to ask Witteric for his daughter Ermenberga's hand in marriage. Although the envoys gave their word that she would not be disowned by Theodoric, and she was received by Theodoric in Chalon-sur-Saône (606), his grandmother, the regent Brunhilda and Theodoric's sister Teudila (or Teudilana) did not provide a welcoming reception. Theodoric then disgraced Ermenberga by sending her back without her dowry. Incensed, Witteric entered into a quadruple alliance with Theodobert II of Austrasia, Clotaire II of Neustria, and Agilulf of the Lombards to effect his deposition and death. Despite their mutual fear of Theodoric, their alliance did not accomplish anything; according to Fredegar, "Theodoric got wind of it [the alliance] but treated it with utter contempt.".

## Assassination

In April 610, a faction of Catholic nobles conspired against Witteric and assassinated him during a banquet. His body was dragged ignominiously through the streets and he was later buried without the honors corresponding to his status. The nobles then proclaimed Gundemar, Duke of Narbonne, king.
# Wheelchair fencing at the 1984 Summer Paralympics

Wheelchair fencing at the 1984 Summer Paralympics consisted of fifteen events, eleven for men and four for women.

## Medal summary
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Épée individual 2-3 details | Giulio Martelli Italy | Hans-Joachim Bohm West Germany | Mohamed Beldjilau France |
| Épée individual 4-5 details | Wilfried Lipinski West Germany | Arthur Bellance France | Ahmad Habib Al-Saleh Kuwait |
| Épée team details | France (FRA) | West Germany (FRG) | Hong Kong (HKG) King Bor Cheung Koon Tung Lau Man Kee Lai Sik Lau Sze Kit Chan |
| Foil individual 1B details | Santo Mangano Italy | Fabio Bernagozzi Italy | Barry Travis Great Britain |
| Foil individual 1C details | Guenter Spiess West Germany | Jean-Pierre Leroux France | |
| Foil individual 2-3 details | Andre Hennaert France | Hans-Joachim Bohm West Germany | |
| Foil individual 4-5 details | Arthur Bellance France | Olivier Plane France | John Clark Great Britain |
| Foil team details | France (FRA) | Italy (ITA) Giuseppe Alfieri Giulio Martelli Pierino Scarsella Luigi Zonghi | Great Britain (GBR) John Clark Kevin Davies David Hickson Jim Parkinson |
| Sabre individual 2-3 details | Andre Hennaert France | Pierino Scarcella Italy | Brian Dickinson Great Britain |
| Sabre individual 4-5 details | Kevin Davies Great Britain | Jason Aharoni Israel | Ronny Waterbley Belgium |
| Sabre team details | France (FRA) | Italy (ITA) Giuseppe Alfieri Pierino Scarsella de Benedettis | Great Britain (GBR) Kevin Davies Brian Dickinson Tom Killin Terry Willett |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Foil individual 1C details | Veronique Soetemondt France | | |
| Foil individual 2-3 details | Murielle Desmarets France | Mariella Bertini Italy | Jannick Seveno France |
| Foil individual 4-5 details | Yuet Wah Fung Hong Kong | Sylviane Meyer France | Therese Lemoine France |
| Foil team details | France (FRA) | Israel (ISR) Chemda Levy Ayala Katz Margalit Peretz | Hong Kong (HKG) Yuet Wah Fung Shuk Han Yuen Anyette Chow |
# McCreary station

The McCreary railway station is a flag stop in McCreary, Manitoba, Canada. The station is served by Via Rail's Winnipeg–Churchill train.
The station building was built in 1912 by the Canadian Northern Railway as a third-class station, to standard plan 100-29, with station functions on the ground floor and living quarters for the station agent above. The station building was designated a heritage railway station of Canada in 1991. The station is now unstaffed, as the building is not used by passengers.
# Endrio Leoni

Endrio Leoni (born 22 August 1968 in Dolo) is a retired road bicycle racer from Italy, who was a professional rider from 1990 to 2002. He only served teams from his native country. Leoni twice won the Scheldeprijs (2000 and 2001).

## Major results

Sources:

### 1987

    1st GP Città di Venezia

### 1989

    1st Vicenza–Bionde
    7th Gran Premio della Liberazione

### 1990

    1st Stage 3 Ruota d'Oro
    3rd GP Bruno Beghelli

### 1991

    9th Overall Giro di Puglia

### 1992

    1st Stages 1 & 11 Giro d'Italia
    1st Stage 5 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
    1st Stage 3 Settimana Lombarda

### 1993

    1st Stage 5 Tirreno–Adriatico
    1st Stage 1 Giro di Puglia

### 1994

    1st Stages 1a & 5 Giro d'Italia
    1st Stage 4 Vuelta a España
    1st Stage 1 Ruta Mexico

### 1996

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 1997

    1st Giro del Lago Maggiore
    1st Stage 1 Tirreno–Adriatico
    1st Stage 1 Ronde van Nederland
    2nd Trofeo Luis Puig

### 1998

    1st Stage 1 Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabri
    2nd Giro del Friuli

### 1999

    1st Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
    1st Stage 3 Volta a Portugal

### 2000

    1st Scheldeprijs
    1st GP de Denain Porte du Hainaut
    1st Poreč Trophy
    1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Murcia
    2nd Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
    4th Clásica de Almería

### 2001

    1st Scheldeprijs
    1st Stages 2 & 8 Tirreno–Adriatico
    1st Points classification Volta ao Algarve
       1st Stages 1, 2 & 4
    1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Murcia
    1st Stage 1a Vuelta a Castilla y León
    1st Points classification Vuelta a Aragón

### 2002

    1st Stages 1 & 3 Vuelta a Andalucía

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | DNF | — | — | DNF | — | DNF | DNF | DNF |
| Giro d'Italia | 133 | DNF | 106 | DNF | — | — | DNF | DNF | DNF | — | DNF |
| Tour de France | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career |
Legend :
| DSQ | Disqualified |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Giovanna Troldi

Giovanna Troldi (born 31 October 1968) is a road cyclist from Italy.
She won the Italian National Time Trial Championships in 2002, 2003, and 2004 and represented her nation at the 2003 UCI Road World Championships.
# Arturo Sabbadin

Arturo Sabbadin (born 11 August 1939) is an Italian former road cyclist.

## Career achievements
### Major results
#### 1959

    1st Giro del Mendrisiotto

#### 1961

    1st Road race, National Road Championships

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | 40 |
| Tour de France | — | 73 | — |
| Vuelta a España | 13 | — | — |
# Joey Paccagnella

Joey Paccagnella (born 10 January 1981) is an Italian female synchronized swimmer who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Giacomo Ferrazzo

Giacomo Ferrazzo (born 2 March 1999) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender.

## Career
### Como

In July 2019, Ferrazzo moved to Como, signing a three-year contract. He made his league debut for the club on 24 November 2019, coming on as an 84th minute substitute for Gabriele De Nuzzo in a 4–1 victory over Pianese. On 22 January 2021, his contract was terminated by mutual consent.
# Massimo Orlando

Massimo Orlando (born 26 May 1971) is an Italian professional football coach and a former player, who played as a midfielder. He manages the youth team of ACF Fiorentina.

## Club career

Orlando was born in San Donà di Piave. After beginning his club career with Conegliano Calcio (1986–1988), he played for seven seasons (122 games, 16 goals) in the Serie A, for ACF Fiorentina (1990–97) winning the Serie B in the 1993–94 season, A.C. Milan (1994–95) and Atalanta B.C. (1997–99); he played for Juventus in 1990 without making an appearance in Serie A for the club during the 1990–91 season. He also played for Reggina (1988–90), and retired in 2001, after a spell with Pistoiese.

## International career

At international level, Orlando was a member of the Italy U21 national team that won the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship under manager Cesare Maldini in 1992.

## Style of play

Regarded as a promising player in his youth, Orlando was a creative and technically gifted attacking midfielder, with an excellent left foot and good dribbling skills. Although he was usually deployed in the centre, he was also capable of playing on the left. A team-player, although he was not a prolific goalscorer, he was known for his generous and unselfish playing style in midfield. Despite his talent, he struggled to live up to his potential and his career was also affected by several injuries.

## Honours

Fiorentina
* Coppa Italia: 1995–96
* Supercoppa Italiana: 1996 (on the roster, but not played in the game)
Milan
* Supercoppa Italiana: 1994 (both times on the roster, but not played in the game)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1994 (on the roster, but not played in the game)
Italy U21
* UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship: 1992
# Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet

Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet (c. 1488 – 24 February 1525) was a French soldier.
The younger brother of Artus Gouffier, seigneur de Boisy, tutor of Francis I of France, Bonnivet was brought up with Francis, and after the young king's accession he became one of the most powerful of the royal favourites. On 31 December 1517 he was made Admiral of France, in charge of all maritime affairs from which he received substantial revenues, including portions of the gains from wrecks and prizes. In the imperial election of 1519 he superintended the candidature of Francis, and spent vast sums of money in his efforts to secure votes, but without success. An implacable enemy of the Constable de Bourbon, he contributed to the downfall of the latter. In command of the army of Navarre in 1521, he occupied Fuenterrabia and was probably responsible for the renewal of hostilities resulting from its not being restored.
Bonnivet succeeded Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, in 1523, as commander of the army of Italy and entered the Milanese, but was defeated and forced to effect a disastrous retreat, in which the chevalier Bayard perished. He was afterwards one of the principal commanders of the army which Francis led into Italy at the end of 1524, and died at the Battle of Pavia.
Brantôme says that the Battle of Pavia was fought at Bonnivet's instigation, and that, seeing the disaster he had caused, he deliberately sought a heroic death. In spite of his failures as a general and diplomat, his good looks and brilliant wit enabled him to retain the intimacy and confidence of his king. He followed a licentious lifestyle. According to Brantôme, he was the successful rival of the king for the favours of Madame de Châteaubriant, and if, as is thought, he was the hero of the fourth story of the Heptaméron, Marguerite, future Queen of Navarre, was also courted by him.
Bonnivet's correspondence is preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris and in The National Archives (United Kingdom); the complete works of Brantôme, vol. iii., are another primary source.
# Carlo Tacchini

Carlo Tacchini (born 25 January 1995) is an Italian sprint canoeist. He competed in the men's C-1 1000 metres and in the men's C-1 200 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Nike-Cajun

The Nike-Cajun was a two-stage sounding rocket built by combining a Nike base stage with a Cajun upper stage. The Nike-Cajun was known as a CAN for Cajun And Nike. The Cajun was developed from the Deacon rocket. It retained the external size, shape and configuration of the Deacon but had 36 percent greater impulse than the Deacon due to improved propellant. It was launched 714 times between 1956 and 1976 and was the most frequently used sounding rocket of the western world. The Nike Cajun had a launch weight of 698 kg (1538 lb), a payload of 23 kg (51 lb), a launch thrust of 246 kN (55,300 lbf) and a maximum altitude of 120 km (394,000 ft). It had a diameter of 42 cm (1 ft 41⁄2 in) and a length of 7.70 m (25 ft 3 in). The maximum speed of the Nike-Cajun was 6,760 km/h (1,880 m/s; 4,200 mph).
The Cajun stage of this rocket was named for the Cajun people of South Louisiana because one of the rocket's designers, J. G. Thibodaux, was a Cajun.
The Nike-Cajun configuration was also used by one variation of the MQR-13 BMTS target rocket.
Engine:
* 1st stage: Allegheny Ballistics Lab. X216A2 solid-fueled rocket; 246 kN (55,000 lb) for 3 s
* 2nd stage: Thiokol TE-82-1 Cajun solid-fueled rocket; 37 kN (8,300 lb) for 2.8 s