OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anna Seelig-Löffler

Anna Seelig-Löffler is a Swiss biophysical chemist who worked at the Biozentrum University of Basel, Switzerland.

## Life

Anna Seelig-Löffler studied medicine and chemistry and received her PhD in physical chemistry from the University of Basel. As a postdoc she worked with Prof. Joachim Seelig. She then became an independent scientist in the Division of Biophysical Chemistry at the Biozentrum, habilitated in 1992, and later became honorary Professor of Biophysical Chemistry at the University of Basel. She reached emeritus status in 2012.

## Work

Her areas of expertise include the structural and functional analysis of membranes and their lipid and protein components. More recently her work focused on ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, which prevent drug uptake across cell membranes and cause multidrug resistance. She discovered a universal substrate pattern for P-glycoprotein which made it possible to estimate the chance of a substrate to reach its target site. Based on these findings she developed a model to predict drug uptake across biological membranes.

## Awards and honors

2008 STK Award of the Swiss Society for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
# Judo at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

Para Judo at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of seven men's events.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | Great Britain (GBR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 3 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Austria (AUT) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 8 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 9 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | Russia (RUS) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 12 | Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 13 | South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 14 | Lithuania (LTU) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (14 entries) | Totals (14 entries) | 7 | 7 | 14 | 28 |

### Participating nations

* Algeria (2)
* Argentina (1)
* Australia (1)
* Austria (1)
* Brazil (5)
* Canada (1)
* China (3)
* Chinese Taipei (2)
* France (7)
* Germany (6)
* Great Britain (4)
* Ireland (2)
* Italy (2)
* Japan (7)
* Lithuania (1)
* Russia (7)
* South Korea (3)
* Spain (7)
* United States (5)

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's 60 kg | Lee Ching Chung Chinese Taipei | Nobuhiro Kanki Japan | Kim Il Keun South Korea |
| Men's 60 kg | Lee Ching Chung Chinese Taipei | Nobuhiro Kanki Japan | Veniamin Mitchourine Russia |
| Men's 65 kg | Satoshi Fujimoto Japan | Akhmed Gazemagomedov Russia | Marlon Lopez United States |
| Men's 65 kg | Satoshi Fujimoto Japan | Akhmed Gazemagomedov Russia | Cyril Morel France |
| Men's 71 kg | Takio Ushikubo Japan | Gérald Rollo France | Stephen Moore United States |
| Men's 71 kg | Takio Ushikubo Japan | Gérald Rollo France | Cui Baoji China |
| Men's 78 kg | Simon Jackson Great Britain | Fabián Ramírez Argentina | Eugenio Santana Spain |
| Men's 78 kg | Simon Jackson Great Britain | Fabián Ramírez Argentina | Jonas Stoškus Lithuania |
| Men's 86 kg | Antônio Tenório Brazil | Francisco Boedo Spain | An Yu Sung South Korea |
| Men's 86 kg | Antônio Tenório Brazil | Francisco Boedo Spain | Ian Rose Great Britain |
| Men's 95 kg | Anthony Clarke Australia | Run Ming Men China | James Mastro United States |
| Men's 95 kg | Anthony Clarke Australia | Run Ming Men China | Terence Powell Great Britain |
| Men's +95 kg | Walter Hanl Austria | Kevin Szott United States | Osamu Takagaki Japan |
| Men's +95 kg | Walter Hanl Austria | Kevin Szott United States | Eric Censier France |
# Kosovo at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships

Kosovo competed at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 17 June to 3 July.

## Swimming

Kosovo entered two swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Martin Muja | 50 m freestyle | 25.45 | 74 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Martin Muja | 100 m freestyle | 56.57 | 88 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Hana Beiqi | 50 m freestyle | 28.03 | 53 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Hana Beiqi | 100 m freestyle | 1:03.68 | 53 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Richard P. Hammond (politician)

Richard Pindell Hammond (October 9, 1820 – November 28, 1891) was an American U.S. Army Major in the Mexican-American War and Democratic politician who served in the California State Assembly and served as its Speaker. Mining engineer, diplomat, and philanthropist John Hays Hammond is his son.

## Life and career

Hammond was born in Hagerstown, Maryland on October 9, 1820, to William Hammond and Mary Hammond (née Tilghman).

### Military career

Hammond attended the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1841 and being inducted into the United States Army. He served in garrison at Fort McHenry and later at the Augusta Arsenal, where he assisted the Inspector general in investigating claims of losses by Florida, Georgia, and Alabama volunteers during the Seminole Wars. During the Mexican-American War, he was an Aide-de-camp and acting Assistant Adjutant General to Brigadier General James Shields. He fought in the Siege of Vera Cruz, the Battle of Cerro Gordo, the Battle of Contreras, the Battle of Churubusco, the Battle of Chapultepec and the Battle for Mexico City. He was placed on leave in 1850 and resigned his commission in 1851.

### Civil and political career

Hammond arrived in California shortly after leaving the Army, and became a counselor-at-law and land agent in Stockton where he helped design the plans for the city of Castoria, California (now known as Manteca). He was elected to the California State Assembly in 1851 from the 7th district and became Speaker of the Assembly in 1852. After leaving the State Assembly in 1853, he served as Collector of Customs for the District of San Francisco and as President of the Democratic State Convention of California in 1859.

### Later career

He briefly worked as a farmer, before becoming the general superintendent of the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad, and then served as vice president and later president of the California Pacific Railroad. He was on the San Francisco Board of Education and later on the San Francisco Board of Police Commissioners, serving as president of both. He also served as a regent on the University of California Board of Regents.

## Personal life

Hammond died in San Francisco in 1891 and is buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California.
He was married to Sarah Elizabeth "Sallie" Lea (née Hays) from 1854 until her death in 1867. He is the brother-in-law of Confederate Army General Harry T. Hays and the father of notable mining engineer, philanthropist, and diplomat John Hays Hammond.
# Christian Joppke

Christian Joppke is a German political sociologist, professor and chair in general sociology at the University of Bern, Switzerland. He is the author of more than one hundred publications, monographs and manuscripts and among the most widely cited authors in the field of citizenship and immigration. Essentially a critic of multiculturalism, Joppke is self-defined "a reactionary liberal."

## Biography

Joppke holds a PhD degree from the University of California at Berkeley, United States. Previous appointments include the University of Southern California, the European University Institute, the University of British Columbia, and International University Bremen. He is married to Catherine Kratz, a French lawyer, and has two sons, Ben and Nicolas.

## List of Books (Monographs)

* Neoliberal Nationalism: Immigration and the Rise of the Populist Right. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
* Is Multiculturalism Dead? Crisis and Persistence in the Constitutional State. Cambridge: Polity, 2017.
* The Secular State Under Siege: Religion and Politics in Europe and America. Cambridge: Polity, 2015.
** Swedish translation published by Daidalos, Göteborg, 2015; Turkish and German translations appeared in 2018.
* Legal Integration of Islam: A Transatlantic Comparison (with John Torpey). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.
* Citizenship and Immigration. Cambridge: Polity, 2010.
** Japanese translation published by Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 2013.
* Veil: Mirror of Identity. Cambridge: Polity, 2009.
** Japanese translation published by Hosei University Press, Tokyo, 2015.
* Selecting by Origin: Ethnic Migration in the Liberal State. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005
* Immigration and the Nation-State: The United States, Germany, and Great Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
* East German Dissidents and the Revolution of 1989: Social Movement in a Leninist Regime. London: Macmillan and New York: New York University Press, 1995
* Mobilizing Against Nuclear Energy: A Comparison of Germany and the United States. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
# Saw Hnaung of Sagaing

Saw Hnaung (Burmese: စောနှောင်း, pronounced; also known as Kodawgyi) was the Chief queen consort of kings Saw Yun and Tarabya I of Sagaing. She was the mother of three kings of Sagaing: Kyaswa, Nawrahta Minye and Tarabya II, and the maternal grandmother of King Thado Minbya, the founder of Ava. She was also a paternal aunt of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava.

## Ancestry

The following is her ancestry as reported by the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle. She was a daughter of King Kyawswa of Pagan and Queen Saw Soe.
Ancestry of Queen Saw Hnaung :
# Saw Pale of Nyaungyan

Saw Pale (Burmese: စောပုလဲ, pronounced) was the mother of King Mohnyin Thado of Ava. She was a great-granddaughter of King Kyawswa I of Pinya from her father's side. Her descendants became kings of Ava down to 1527. She was also a nine-times great-grandmother of King Alaungpaya of the Konbaung dynasty.
# George Huddleston Jr.

George Huddleston Jr. (March 19, 1920 – September 14, 1971) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama.

## Early life and education

Huddleston was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He was the son of George Huddleston, who represented the Birmingham area in Congress from 1915 to 1937. The younger Huddleston attended George Washington University for one year before transferring to Birmingham–Southern College, from which he graduated in 1941. After serving in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1946, he earned his law degree from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1948.

## Career

Huddleston served as deputy circuit solicitor for Alabama's 10th circuit from 1949 to 1952, then served as an assistant United States attorney before entering private practice.
Huddleston was elected to his father's old congressional seat in 1954, and was reelected four times. Having signed the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education, he voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1957. In 1964, he was defeated by Republican John Buchanan, losing by a 21-point margin.
Huddleston remained in the capital as a senior officer with North American Rockwell until his death in 1971. He is buried in Birmingham's Elmwood Cemetery.
# Shin Saw of Pagan

Shin Saw (Burmese: ရှင်စော, pronounced; also known as Asaw (အစော,)) was the chief wife of Prince Naratheinga Uzana of Pagan. Naratheinga is regarded by some historians such as G.H. Luce and Than Tun as a king that ruled Pagan although none of the Burmese chronicles mentions him as king. Some historians such as Htin Aung and Michael Aung-Thwin do not recognize Naratheinga as king.
Her husband apparently had died on 19 July 1235 when her brother-in-law Kyaswa became king. She was still alive on 24 April 1241 according to a surviving stone inscription at a temple she donated.
# Tennis at the 1962 Asian Games

Tennis was contested at the 1962 Asian Games inside the Asian Games Complex in Jakarta, Indonesia. Tennis had doubles and singles events for men and women, as well as a mixed doubles competition. The venues used were the Senayan Tennis Stadium, now known as the Center Court, and the now-demolished open courts located south of the stadium. The courts are now replaced by a baseball stadium.
Japan and the Philippines dominated the events winning all seven gold medals.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles | Johnny Jose Philippines | Atsushi Miyagi Japan | Osamu Ishiguro Japan |
| Men's singles | Johnny Jose Philippines | Atsushi Miyagi Japan | Michio Fujii Japan |
| Men's doubles | Japan Atsushi Miyagi Michio Fujii | Philippines Johnny Jose Raymundo Deyro | Ceylon Bernard Pinto Raja Praesody |
| Men's doubles | Japan Atsushi Miyagi Michio Fujii | Philippines Johnny Jose Raymundo Deyro | Philippines Miguel Dungo Willie Hernandez |
| Men's team | Japan Michio Fujii Osamu Ishiguro Atsushi Miyagi Koji Watanabe | Philippines Raymundo Deyro Miguel Dungo Willie Hernandez Johnny Jose | Indonesia Sofyan Mudjirat N. Sanusi Sutarjo Sugiarto K. Tjokrosaputro |
| Women's singles | Akiko Fukui Japan | Reiko Miyagi Japan | Patricia Yngayo Philippines |
| Women's singles | Akiko Fukui Japan | Reiko Miyagi Japan | Desideria Ampon Philippines |
| Women's doubles | Japan Reiko Miyagi Akiko Fukui | Ranjani Jayasuriya Ceylon Tsui Yuen Yuen Hong Kong | Indonesia Jooce Suwarimbo Mien Suhadi |
| Women's doubles | Japan Reiko Miyagi Akiko Fukui | Ranjani Jayasuriya Ceylon Tsui Yuen Yuen Hong Kong | Philippines Desideria Ampon Patricia Yngayo |
| Women's team | Japan Akiko Fukui Reiko Miyagi | Indonesia Vonny Djoa Mien Suhadi Jooce Suwarimbo | Philippines Desideria Ampon Patricia Yngayo |
| Mixed doubles | Japan Koji Watanabe Akiko Fukui | Japan Michio Fujii Reiko Miyagi | Philippines Miguel Dungo Desideria Ampon |
| Mixed doubles | Japan Koji Watanabe Akiko Fukui | Japan Michio Fujii Reiko Miyagi | Indonesia Sofyan Mudjirat Jooce Suwarimbo |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 6 | 3 | 2 | 11 |
| 2 | Philippines (PHI) | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| 3 | Indonesia (INA) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 4 | Ceylon (CEY) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 7 | 8 | 12 | 27 |
# David L. McNulty

David L. McNulty is a U.S. Marshal. He was nominated for full U.S. Senate confirmation to the office in 2011 by U.S. President Barack Obama upon recommendation of Senator Charles Schumer of New York. McNulty is the U.S. Marshal U.S. Marshals Service for the Northern District of New York. A former Major and 33-year veteran with the New York State Police, McNulty was Section Head of the Bureau of Criminal Investigation (BCI), where he assisted with the command of over 1300 BCI police personnel. He joined the New York State Police as a trooper in 1978. McNulty received his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Albany. He led the U.S. Marshals Service response to the highly televised escape of murders Richard Matt and David Sweat from the Clinton County Correctional Facility in Dannemora N.Y. in June 2015. Quite possibly the largest manhunt in state history involving close to 1500 law enforcement personnel. The U.S. Marshals Service efforts were in cooperation with the New York State Police and a host of other local, state and federal agencies throughout this extensive 23 day manhunt that ultimately led to the fatal shooting of Richard Matt and the shooting and capture of David Sweat.
# Abul Barkat (economist)

Abul Barkat (born September 27, 1954) is a Bangladeshi economist and a professor in the Department of Economics, University of Dhaka. In addition to his teaching, from 2009 to 2014 he was the former chairman of Janata Bank Ltd. He is the present elected president of the Bangladesh Economic Association. He is a freedom fighter.

## Early life and education

Barkat was born on September 27, 1954, in Kushtia District to his parents Abul Quasem and Mst Nurun Nahar. Abul Barkat is the third child of his parents. His wife is Shahida Akhter. They have three daughters. Abul Barkat passed SSC exam from Kushtia Zilla School in 1970 and HSC from Kushtia Government College in 1973, both with first division with distinction. Abul Barkat graduated from Moscow Institute of National Economy, now Plekhanov Russian University of Economics in 1978 obtaining highest grades in all courses with honors first class and then completed a PhD from the same institute, in development economics in 1982.

## Career

In 1982, Barkat started his professional career by joining the Department of Economics in University of Dhaka. He is the immediate past chairman of the same department. He was the Chairman of Janata Bank Limited from 2009 to 2014. After his appointment he refused a company car, and special lifts and chairs for himself.
During Barkat's chairmanship at Janata Bank, about Tk. 5,504 crore loan or 25 percent of bank's capital base, was provided to AnonTex Group, owned by Md Younus Badal. He criticized Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, Minister of Finance, for questioning the governance of Janata Bank and denying an extension to his chairmanship. Barkat said Muhith was not loyal to either Awami League or Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and had undue favors from the CSR fund. He called Muhith a "retard" two years later.
Barkat was elected president of the Bangladesh Economic Association at the end of 2017.
Barakt received the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon in 2022.

## Personal life

Barkat was married to Sahida Akhtar, a medical doctor, who died on 6 May 2021.
# Project Hindsight

Project Hindsight was an American retrospective study conducted to determine the effectiveness of several post-World War II weapons research projects. The project was conducted by the Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, a sub-agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The study ran from 1963 to 1967 and the final report was published in October 1969 and released to the public in September 1970. An interim report was published in 1966.

## Parameters

The project had two goals: the first was to identify R&D management productivity and the second was to measure the overall cost-effectiveness of using recently developed weapon systems compared to their predecessors that were in use 10 to 20 years earlier. The project conducted the examination of 20 weapon systems, other military equipment, and the contribution of R&D during World War II identified in the study as "events".

## Findings

Of all 'events' studied by Project Hindsight, 91% were technological, and only 9% were classed as science. Within the latter category 8.7% were applied science, whereas only 0.3%, or two 'events', were due to basic or undirected science. This particular finding undermined the traditional view that technological progress is the outcome of basic research since the direct influence of science on technology is very small. On the other hand, it confirmed the DoD's research strategy, citing that the investment on science and technology from 1946 to 1962 "has been paid many times over".

## Responses

As science and technology studies scholar Edwin Layton observed in 1971, 'the publication of these results produced a spate of indignant letters to the editors of Science.' He noted that many of these letters missed the point, and instead should focus on the interaction between science and technology rather than attempting to demonstrate that fundamental scientific research influences technology development more than Project Hindsight had suggested.
He also called attention to a subsequent study, Technology in Retrospect and Critical Events in Science (TRACES), which 'revealed cases in which mission-oriented research or development effort elicited later nonmission research, which often was found to be crucial to the ultimate innovation'. TRACES was a study undertaken to challenge Project Hindsight's conclusions through the examination of civilian technologies and their development.
# Big Seven (United States)

The Big Seven is a group of non-partisan, non-profit organizations whose members include United States state and local government officials:
* Council of State Governments
* International City/County Management Association
* National Association of Counties
* National Conference of State Legislatures
* National Governors Association
* National League of Cities
* United States Conference of Mayors
These groups are influential in national government, often lobbying Congress to represent their members' interests.
# Ben 10: Alien Force – Vilgax Attacks

Ben 10: Alien Force – Vilgax Attacks is the third game in the Ben 10 video game series, and the second game to be based on the Ben 10: Alien Force series. The first game was based on the first two seasons of series; while Vilgax Attacks is based on the third and final season of the series. It was released on October 27, 2009.

## Plot

The story starts as Vilgax invades Earth with a gigantic Null Void projector. To help save the Earth, Professor Paradox sends the trio Ben Tennyson, Gwen Tennyson, and Kevin Levin back in time in order to stop Vilgax from collecting a power source for his Null Void projector. With help from Grandpa Max and Ship, Ben and company travel throughout the galaxy to foil Vilgax's evil plan before it can come to fruition.

## Gameplay

The game is based on the Cartoon Network series of the same name, which has as its main character Ben Tennyson, a young man who, during his summer vacation, finds an alien device called the Omnitrix. This special watch allows Ben to transform into a variety of aliens, each with unique abilities and powers.
Gameplay consists of action and puzzle-solving that revolves around the skills of alien forms. Ben can perform various combinations and special attacks using different aliens. By defeating enemies and collecting glowing energy spheres, Ben can acquire new abilities. However, each form's inherent abilities consume energy from Ben's Omnitrix meter, which must be recharged before he can use them again.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (Xbox 360) 61/100 (Wii) 65/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| GameZone | 7.8/10 |
| IGN | 7/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | 7/10 |
On the review aggregator Metacritic, it received "mixed or average" reviews.
# Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science, and Technology

The Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science, and Technology (GSMST) is a special public school in Lawrenceville, Georgia (United States), and a part of Gwinnett County Public Schools. Students are admitted through a county-wide lottery, whose participants, since the school dropped its charter status in 2016, must meet multiple requirements. It features a heavy focus on project-based STEM education. Its rigorous course offerings and high student graduation rate make it one of the most prestigious high schools in the state.

## History

The school was chartered in March 2006 by the Gwinnett County Board of Education through SPLOST and opened in the fall of 2007. It was temporarily housed on the Duluth High School campus, but building 100 began in 2007 as a separate school from Duluth High School. Renovations updated and modernized 18 classrooms and offices, and GSMST moved to its permanent location in 2010 at the geographic center of Gwinnett County, near Sugarloaf Parkway and Old Norcross Road, the former site of Benefield Elementary School. The new building is designed for a maximum of 1,200 students. The school is adjacent to the Maxwell High School of Technology.
In 2016, GSMST was awarded the Blue Ribbon Award. In 2023, GSMST was ranked the No. 1 high school in the state of Georgia by U.S. News & World Report for its eleventh consecutive year. As of 2024, it is ranked ninth in the nation.