OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Humanitarian-Development Nexus

The Humanitarian-Development Nexus is the concept of increased collaboration between organizations working in short term humanitarian aid and long term international development promoted since 2016.
The concept is supported by European governments, but has been met with both praise and criticism by humanitarian practitioners.

## Background

Traditionally, the two areas of humanitarian aid and international development have operated separately, with the former working on short-term life saving goals and the later working towards longer-term objectives including the Millennium Development Goals. Humanitarian organizations follow the humanitarian principle of independence from government action, in contrast to international development work which is done in close proximity with governments.

## Launch

The concept of the Humanitarian-Development Nexus came to prominence at the 2016 at the World Humanitarian Summit when it was promoted by government funders of humanitarian aid. At the summit, it was stated by government donors that collaboration between humanitarian agencies, and international development actors, should be encouraged and programs that work towards addressing humanitarian needs and longer-term development goals should be funded.

### Critical reception

The encouragement of humanitarian aid agencies working closer with international development institutions was met with strong resistance by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Médecins Sans Frontières, and the International Committee of the Red Cross, with the later two expressing concern about contradictions between the Nexus and humanitarian principles.

## Triple Nexus

In February 2019, the OECD stated their collective intent to fund complimentary humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding actions.

### Critical reception of the Triple Nexus

The New Humanitarian reported concerns of tension between the humanitarian imperative of working independent from government, and of the risk that by trying to do three things simultaneously each would be done badly. Lorenzo Angelini of the European Peacebuilding Liaison Office expressed concern about varying definitions of peacebuilding, specifically the common confusion with use of military force.
Both the UK's Department for International Development and German's Federal Foreign Office expressed enthusiasm for the commitment to the Triple Nexus.
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's analysis of applying the Triple Nexus approach in Mali concluded that humanitarian organizations should push in the "opposite direction" of the Triple Nexus, and recommended a "urgent introspection" of the new way of working.
# Ang Huling El Bimbo

"Ang Huling El Bimbo" (English: "The Last El Bimbo") is a song by the Philippine alternative rock band Eraserheads from their third album Cutterpillow (1995).

## Composition

The song is described as a bittersweet "mini-epic" inspired by the Beatles, referencing the actress Paraluman and the tango standard "El Bimbo". "I had a huge crush on this girl who was older; she was the one who taught me the dance, and I think that was the first time I was really in love with a girl. Then I never saw her again,” writer Ely Buendia said about the song in a podcast interview.
The song became the basis for the 2018 musical of the same name. Its title was also used for the band's reunion concert in 2022 and its corresponding tour between 2023 and 2025.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Auraeus Solito and shot at his residence. It premiered on GMA Supershow on February 25, 1996. The video won the band MTV Asia's Viewer's Choice Award at the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards, making them the first Philippine artist to receive such a distinction.

## Covers

* Rico J. Puno covered the song for the first Eraserheads tribute album Ultraelectromagneticjam!: The Music of the Eraserheads, released in 2005.
* The CompanY covered the song in 2008.
* Kamikazee recorded an unreleased version of the song in 2009.
* Jay Durias covered the song for the second Eraserheads tribute album, The Reunion: An Eraserheads Tribute Album, released in 2012.
* Janine Berdin performed the song for the Tawag ng Tanghalan singing competition as part of the Philippine noontime show It's Showtime in 2018.
* Sungha Jung covered the song in 2019.
* Ace Banzuelo covered the song in 2022 to commemorate Eraserheads's Huling El Bimbo reunion concert.
* Morissette and Filipino-American music producer Troy Laureta covered the song for Laureta's 2023 album Dalamhati: A Troy Laureta OPM Collective, Vol. 3.

## In other media

* Buendia sang the song as a guest artist for FilharmoniKA album as conducted by Gerard Salonga, Kumpas: An Orchestral Celebration of Pinoy Music.
* When local radio station NU 107 signed off for the last time on 8 November 2010, "Ang Huling El Bimbo" played as its final song.
# Almost a Rescue

Almost a Rescue is a 1913 American silent short comedy film featuring Fatty Arbuckle.

## Cast

* Donald MacDonald as Hawkeye
* Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle as Jimmie
* Irene Hunt as May Smith
* Billie Bennett as Maud Smith
* Eddie Lyons as Kussie #1
* Lee Moran as Kussie #2
* Russell Bassett as Dr. Quack
# Ramón Sagredo

Ramón Sagredo (1834–1870) was a 19th-century Mexican painter and photographer who worked under the patronage of Emperor Maximilian and decorated the former cupola of "La Profesa" with the Catalan master Pelegrí Clavé.
Trained at San Carlos Academy from 1854 to 1859, he received praise for his Jesus on the road to Emmaus (including a positive review by Cuba's national poet José Martí). Under sponsorship of Maximilian of Mexico, he went on to decorate Iturbide Hall at the Imperial Palace (current Ambassador's Hall at the National Palace) with a full-length, posthumous portrait of Vicente Guerrero. He also worked with Clavé on the former cupola of La Profesa (ravaged by a fire in January 1914) and at San Carlos' galleries.
By the end of the Reform War, his personal finances were dwindling. Following the example of many of his contemporaries, he ventured into photography by painting over photographic enlargements for a fraction of the cost of paintings. According to an 1862 newspaper article quoted by Oliver Debroise:
   [Ramón Sagredo and other artists] sacrificed their best years and resources to a most beautiful art that is, unfortunately, little appreciated [...] Consequently, they have abandoned those studies that cost them so dearly [...] Today they contribute their talents and the fruit of their long vigils to the profit of photographers who, employing them in the coloring of photographic portraits for the paltry stipend of one-third of their value, take advantage of the labor of these former students of the Academy.
Later on, as a photographer, he formed short-lived associations with Luis Veraza (1864), for whom he started coloring at Espíritu Santo 17 ½; and the Valleto brothers (Sagredo, Valleto y Ca.,1865) at Vergara 7, before setting up his own studio in the Mexican capital.
He commits suicide on June 2, 1870, due to his passion for Maura Ogazón and Rubio, sister of Governor Pedro Ogazón Rubio.

## Selected works

* Jesús en el camino a Emaús (Jesus on the road to Emmaus) shown at the gallery of the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City.
* La muerte de Sócrates (The Death of Socrates), exhibited at the National Museum of San Carlos.
* Ismael abandonado en el desierto (Ishmael Abandoned in the Desert), exhibited at the Querétaro Museum of Art.
* Gallery
* Vicente Guerrero (circa 1865), a full-length, posthumous portrait of the Mexican liberator exhibited at Ambassador's Hall (National Palace).
* Motherly love (1864)
# Fatty's Finish

Fatty's Finish is a 1914 American short comedy film directed by and starring Fatty Arbuckle.

## Cast

* Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle
* Minta Durfee
* Hank Mann
* Al St. John
# Talcott Mountain State Park

Talcott Mountain State Park is a 574-acre (232 ha) public recreation area located on Talcott Mountain in the towns of Avon, Bloomfield, and Simsbury, Connecticut. The state park features the Heublein Tower, a 165-foot-high (50 m) mountaintop lookout. Access to the tower and its associated museum is via a 1.25-mile-long (2 km) trail that takes 30 to 40 minutes to walk. The park offers picnicking, views of the surrounding area, and hiking along the Metacomet Trail.

## History

Talcott Mountain was first listed as a 19-acre (7.7 ha) undeveloped state park in the 1953 edition of the Connecticut Register and Manual. Heublein Tower became part of the park "through the cooperative efforts of private conservationists and state and federal governments" in 1965.
# Minnehaha, Washington

Minnehaha is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Washington, United States. The population was 11,871 at the 2020 census.

## Toponym

This area got its name from a Columbian newspaper editorial in 1891. The editor wrote about Burnt Bridge Creek and called it "Minnehaha, laughing water," from Longfellow's poem "The Song of Hiawatha". The name appealed to the citizenry and they kept it. Before that the area was called the "Black Forest" for its thick timber.
While Minnehaha, a Native American word, is often translated as "Laughing Water", the correct translation is "curling water" or "waterfall", as in Minnehaha Falls, Minnesota. The name comes from the Dakota language.

## Geography

Minnehaha is located in southwestern Clark County and is bordered on the west, south, and east by the city of Vancouver and on the north by Walnut Grove.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Minnehaha CDP has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.8 km$^2$), of which 0.01 square miles (0.02 km$^2$), or 0.26%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,689 people, 2,795 households, and 2,031 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,464.1 people per square mile (1,337.3/km$^2$). There were 2,907 housing units at an average density of 1,309.7/sq mi (505.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.28% White, 2.20% African American, 0.95% Native American, 2.81% Asian, 0.62% Pacific Islander, 2.09% from other races, and 3.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.10% of the population. 15.0% were of German, 13.2% English, 8.2% American and 7.8% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000.
There were 2,795 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 28.6% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $46,766, and the median income for a family was $50,585. Males had a median income of $39,167 versus $28,984 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,023. About 8.9% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.9% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Tower Hill Postern

The Tower Hill Postern was a small fortified entrance (postern) at the eastern terminal point to the London Wall, at the junction of the Wall and the Tower of London moat. The size of the gateway indicates that it was suitable for pedestrians and horsemen but not wide enough to accommodate wagons, carts or carriages.

## Antecedent gateway

There is no evidence for a gateway on the site earlier than the building erected by Edward I around 1297-1308, and no reason for there to have been a gateway there before the expansion of the Tower of London. There are a number of circumstantial arguments including arguments based on road alignments, records of parochial disputes and indirect references by William Fitzstephen to indicate that there may have been a gateway further south that was replaced when much of the wall was demolished as part of the expansion of the Tower.

## History

The Tower of London moat was dug in around 1270 as part of a scheme to extend the Tower, and part of the London Wall was demolished to make room for the expanded Tower and Moat. The postern at the edge of the moat, at the wall's new terminal point was probably built soon after, most likely in the period 1297-1308. The southern tower, which was built from Caen stone, partially collapsed in either 1431 or 1440, sliding vertically down three metres into the Tower Moat. The tower remained standing and though functionally impaired remained in use. There was a subsequent degree of re-building.

## Structure

The southern tower included a ground floor and a cellar, thought to have been reached by a ladder. The cellar had a window overlooking the moat. The remains of a stairwell and a portcullis chase indicate that there was an upper floor and perhaps also a parapet on the roof. Nothing is known for certain about the tower north of the gateway except the information that can be gleaned from cartographic sources, all of which postdate the collapse of the southern tower. Some believe that the northern and surviving southern towers existed at the same time, while others think the northern tower was erected subsequently, to compensate for the loss of the southern tower.

## Setting

The postern was situated in the Tower Liberty, an area outside the jurisdiction of the City of London, which included the Tower itself and the surrounding areas. The area was under the control of the Tower in order that the defensibility of the Tower was not compromised by development leading up to the edge of the castle and its moat. The Tower Liberty is still outside the authority of the City, now forming part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

## Remains

The foundations of the southern tower, which sunk into the moat, were excavated in 1979 and can be seen in the Tower Hill underpass.
51°30′34″N 0°04′33″W﻿ / ﻿51.50943°N 0.07595°W﻿ / 51.50943; -0.07595
# Tomeu Nadal

Bartomeu "Tomeu" Nadal Mesquida (born 8 February 1989) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Segunda División club Burgos.

## Club career

Born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Nadal was a product of RCD Mallorca's youth system. He made his debut as a senior with the B team in 2008, spending several seasons with them in the Tercera División and Segunda División B. He was also third choice for the main squad in La Liga, behind Dudu Aouate, Germán Lux and Miguel Ángel Moyá.
On 28 June 2011, Nadal signed a two-year deal with Getafe CF, being assigned to the reserves in the third division. On 13 July 2013, he joined Gimnàstic de Tarragona in the same tier.
A backup to Manolo Reina, Nadal appeared sparingly during the 2013–14 season. On 21 February 2014, he was suspended until June after being irregularly lined up in a 2–0 home win against CD Atlético Baleares (which Nàstic subsequently lost 3–0 after a court decision).
Nadal agreed to a new two-year contract with the Catalans on 8 July 2014, but continued to play understudy to Reina during the campaign. On 9 September 2015, he made his professional debut by starting a 2–2 home draw against Girona FC in the second round of the Copa del Rey, also saving one penalty in the 5–4 shootout win.
On 27 January 2016, Nadal cut ties with Gimnàstic. On 19 February, he returned to his previous club Mallorca until 30 June.
On 4 July 2016, Nadal signed for Albacete Balompié, recently relegated to division three. He was an undisputed starter during the campaign, contributing 43 appearances – play-offs included – as his side returned to the second tier at the first attempt.
Nadal made his professional league debut on 20 August 2017 at the age of 28 years and six months, keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 away draw with Granada CF. On 29 October 2018, he agreed to an extension at the Estadio Carlos Belmonte until June 2021.
On 5 August 2021, the free agent Nadal signed a two-year contract with Real Oviedo also in the second division. He remained in that league subsequently, with CD Tenerife and Burgos CF.
# Ambulance Girl

Ambulance Girl is a 2005 made-for-television film starring Kathy Bates and Robin Thomas. It premiered in the United States on September 12, 2005 on the Lifetime network.
The film is based on the memoir by Jane Stern, Ambulance Girl: How I Saved Myself by Becoming an EMT. The teleplay was written by Alan Hines and the film was directed by Kathy Bates.
Kathy Bates plays Jane Stern, a food writer who becomes an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT).

## Accolades

Bates received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie, but lost to Helen Mirren for her role in Elizabeth I. The film received two Prism Award nominations, one for Best Miniseries or TV Movie and the other for Performance in a Miniseries or TV Movie. The film did not win either nomination.
# The Wanderers (1956 film)

The Wanderers (Italian:I girovaghi) is a 1956 Italian drama film directed by Hugo Fregonese and starring Peter Ustinov, Carla Del Poggio and Abbe Lane. It is based on a story by Luigi Capuana. The film's sets were designed by the art director Luigi Scaccianoce.

## Cast

* Peter Ustinov as Don Alfonso Pugliesi
* Carla Del Poggio as Lia
* Abbe Lane as Dolores
* Gaetano Autiero as Il piccolo Calogero detto Cardello
* Giuseppe Porelli as Prof. Kroll
* Rocco D'Assunta as Un corteggiatore di Dolores
* Angelo Dessy as Un mafioso
* Luciano Vincenzoni
# Fatty's Magic Pants

Fatty's Magic Pants is a 1914 American short comedy film directed by and starring Fatty Arbuckle. The film is also known as Fatty's Suitless Day.

## Cast

* Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle - Fatty
* Charley Chase - Fatty's Rival
* Minta Durfee - The Girl
* Harry McCoy - Party Guest
* Bert Roach - Party Guest
* Al St. John - Party Guest
* Slim Summerville - Cop
* Frank Opperman as Clothing Store Operator
* Glen Cavender
# Warning Forever

Warning Forever is a freeware fixed shooter for Microsoft Windows written by Japanese developer Hikoza T Ohkubo and released under the name of his software house, Hikware.

## Gameplay

The game is broken into stages; each stage is a single boss battle, resulting in a constant stream of bosses. To progress to the next stage, the boss must be completely destroyed within the time limit. The game starts with a default time limit of 180 seconds, with 30 seconds rewarded for every boss defeated and 20 seconds lost for each time the player is destroyed.
The player flies a small green ship. There are no power-ups - the player's only weapon is a very rapid-fire revolving cannon which is fired by holding down the shoot button (Z key by default). By default, it fires straight ahead with a small spread. Alternatively, after the switch button (D key by default) is pressed, a green arc is displayed originating from the ship and widening as distance increases. This arc represents the spread of the weapon fire and does not change while the weapon is firing. It can, however, be modified based on the ship's motion while not firing. The arc will rotate slowly to face the direction opposite the ship's motion. Also, the arc will widen as the player moves toward the enemy and vice versa.
The main gameplay feature is the bosses change from stage to stage. Based on how a boss is destroyed, the next boss will adapt itself to defend against previously used strategies and force the player to change tactics. For example, if the front section of one boss is destroyed the next boss will have increased armor in that area. If the player's ship is hit by a certain kind of weapon, but still defeats the boss, the next boss is likely to have more weapons of that type.
The game does not include music, but provides instructions in the read me file on how to provide one's own music. It also includes sound effects.

## Reception

Download.com awarded the game a 5-star editor's rating and described the game as a classic in the making, "Warning Forever will entice nearly every gamer who enjoys a space shootout". The staff of Computer Gaming World, writing for gaming blog 1up.com said "This game is among the most addictive platform shooters in the business". Eurogamer's Jim Rossignol named Warning Forever among a top 20 list of Summer of PC Freeware games in 2006. Other reviews are from IGN and Rock, Paper, Shotgun. This game is part of the permanent collection of the travelling exhibition Game On 2.0, shown for instance in the Ontario Science Centre 2013, as example in the category Indie games.
# Calyptratae

Calyptratae is a subsection of Schizophora in the insect order Diptera, commonly referred to as the calyptrate muscoids (or simply calyptrates). It consists of those flies which possess a calypter that covers the halteres, among which are some of the most familiar of all flies, such as the house fly.
About 18,000 described species are in this group, or about 12% of all the flies yet described.

## Subsection

* Superfamily Muscoidea
    Anthomyiidae - cabbage flies
    Fanniidae
    Muscidae - house flies
    Scathophagidae - dung flies
* Superfamily Oestroidea
    Calliphoridae
    Mystacinobiidae
    Oestridae
    Rhinophoridae
    Sarcophagidae
    Tachinidae
    Ulurumyiidae
* Superfamily Hippoboscoidea
    Glossinidae
    Hippoboscidae
    Nycteribiidae
    Streblidae
The Mormotomyiidae belong to the Ephydroidea and not to Hippoboscoidea as previously construed. The Streblidae are probably not monophyletic.
# American Drug War: The Last White Hope

American Drug War: The Last White Hope is a 2007 documentary film by writer and director Kevin Booth about the war on drugs in the United States.

## Synopsis

The film holds the view that the war on drugs has become one of the longest, darkest, most costly periods in American history. Texas filmmaker Kevin Booth sets out to prove his claim that the Drug War has failed. Three and a half years in the making, the film includes sections showing 62 people including former DEA agents, CIA officers, narcotics officers, judges, politicians, gang members, prisoners, and celebrities. There is also extensive treatment of CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US.

## Awards

* 2007 Artivist Film Festival, Best Feature, Intl. Human Rights
* 2007 Silver Lake Film Festival, Best Documentary
* 2007 DIY Film Fest, Best Documentary
* 2006 Evil City, Best Documentary

## Television

* Picked up by Showtime in March 2008 to be aired for the next two years.
* Shown on Australia's Foxtel Crime & Investigation Network.
# Thomas Forrester (politician)

Thomas Forrester (1790 – November 15, 1841) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax township in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1836 to 1841 as a Reformer.

## Biography

He was born in Halifax, the son of Alexander Forrester. He was educated at the Halifax Grammar School and, after completing his schooling, joined the British Army. Forrester served during the War of 1812. After the war, he became a dry goods merchant in Halifax. In 1813, he married Elizabeth Martin. Originally a supporter of Joseph Howe, Forrester later withdrew his support because he felt that Howe had made too many compromises to become part of the coalition government. During the financial crisis of 1837, Forrester sued the Bank of Nova Scotia for refusing to redeem paper money for coin. He also lobbied for Halifax's incorporation as a town.

## Death

Thomas Forrester died on November 15, 1841. He died in office in Halifax after suffering from poor health for several months.