OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of İnceğiz

The Battle of İnceğiz was fought sometime in late 1411 or early 1412 near Constantinople between the rival sons of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, Mehmed Çelebi and Musa Çelebi, during the final stages of the civil war known as the Ottoman Interregnum.

## Background

Musa had become the ruler of the Ottomans' European domains after overthrowing and killing his brother Süleyman Çelebi in 1410–11. Unlike Süleyman, Musa, who relied greatly on the akinji raiders, followed a policy extremely hostile to his Christian neighbours. The attacks against both the Byzantine Empire and Serbia, that had stopped after the Treaty of Gallipoli in 1403, resumed: in Serbia, Musa besieged Smederovo, while against Byzantium he attacked Thessalonica and Selymbria, and placed Constantinople under blockade in August 1411.

## Mehmed's alliance with Byzantium and the battle

As a result, the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos turned to Musa's brother, Mehmed Çelebi, who had established his rule over the Ottoman territories in Anatolia. The anonymous Ottoman chronicle Ahval-i Sultan Mehemmed ("Affairs of Sultan Mehmed"), the Byzantine historian Doukas, and the Serbian historian Konstantin the Philosopher all report that Manuel sent envoys to Mehmed, offering an alliance against Musa, on the same terms as the previous arrangement with Süleyman. The two rulers met at Scutari and swore that if they won, Mehmed would maintain friendly relations with the Byzantines; if they lost, he would be allowed refuge in Constantinople.
The exact site of İnceğiz and the date of the battle are unknown: it may have been fought either in autumn of 1411 or in spring of 1412. The Aḥvāl reports that the van of Mehmed's army comprised Tatars and Turcomans from the Rum Eyalet, the "army of Ankara", and the forces of the Turcoman leader Yapaoğlu. According to Doukas, a few Byzantine troops also fought under Mehmed. Musa on the other hand disposed of 7,000 kapıkulu, who played a decisive role in the battle. Mehmed's forces prevailed at the start of the battle, but then the kapıkulu managed to advance up to Mehmed and even wound his horse. The defeated Mehmed was forced to retreat to Constantinople, and thence cross again over to Anatolia.
# Emma Sarepta Yule

Emma Sarepta Yule (March 25, 1863 – April 16, 1939) was an American educator and writer. She is remembered as the first schoolteacher in Everett, Washington; she was superintendent of Everett school from 1897 to 1900. She later taught in Alaska, and was an English professor at the University of the Philippines for 27 years. She wrote three illustrated books about Japan. In 2020, a park in Everett was named for Yule.

## Early life and education

Yule was born in Iowa, one of the sixteen children of Samuel Yule. She was the last child of his first wife, Sarepta Elvira Clark Yule, who died in childbirth. Her father was born in Scotland, and an abolitionist; the family's farm was a safe stop on the Underground Railroad. She graduated from Iowa State Teachers College in Cedar Falls in 1886.

## Career

Yule was a "pioneer teacher", principal, and superintendent of schools in Everett, Washington, from 1891 to 1900, and in Juneau, Alaska, between 1900 and 1910. She was a professor of English at the University of the Philippines for 27 years, before she retired in 1937.

## Publications

Yule's articles about the Philippines, Japan, China, and Korea were published in Mid-Pacific Magazine, Scribner's Monthly, Current History, American Speech, and other English-language periodicals. She was editor of The Philippine Agriculturist, a campus publication.
* An introduction to the study of colonial history, for use in secondary schools (1912)
* "The Virgin of Antipolo" (1914)
* "Carriers of Light and Laughter" (1917)
* "Some Superstitions and Customs of the Filipino Farmers" (1919)
* "The Boys' Festival in Japan" (1920)
* "Filipino Feminism" (1920)
* "Rice Growing as Portrayed in Chinese Art" (1921)
* "Japan's New Woman" (1921)
* "Miss China" (1922)
* "The Young Women Rebels of Korea" (1923)
* "Christmas in the Philippines" (1923)
* "Down the Rapids: Week End Trip to Pagsanjan Gorge and Falls" (1925)
* Preparation of Scientific and Technical Papers (1925, with Sam Farlow Trelease)
* "The English Language in the Philippines" (1925)
* Stories from Japanese History for Boys and Girls (1926)
* In Kimono Land (1927)
* In Japan: Without Clock or Calendar (1935)

## Personal life and legacy

Yule died in 1939, in Los Angeles, at the age of 76. She left money for a women's scholarship fund at the University of Washington. In 2020, a city park in Everett was named for Yule; Emma Yule Park opened in 2022.
# Erfurt massacre (1349)

The Erfurt massacre was a massacre of the Jewish community in Erfurt, Germany, on 21-22 March 1349. Accounts of the number of Jews killed in the massacre vary widely from between 100 and up to 3000. Any Jewish survivors were expelled from the city. Some Jews set fire to their homes and possessions and perished in the flames before they could be lynched.
The many Black Death persecutions and massacres that occurred in France and Germany at that time were sometimes in response to accusations that the Jews were responsible for outbreaks of the Black Death, and other times justified with the belief that killing the local Jews would prevent the spread of the Black Death to that locale. Although these beliefs, and the accompanying massacres, were frequently encouraged by local bishops or itinerant Flagellants, the Catholic Church, including Pope Clement VI under whom the Flagellants and the Black Death began, and his successor, Innocent VI, were firmly against it. In a papal bull condemning the Flagellant movement in late 1349, Pope Clement VI criticized their "shedding the blood of Jews". Erfurt later suffered the ravages of the Black Plague, where over 16,000 residents died during a ten-week period in 1350.
Among those murdered was prominent Talmudist Alexander Suslin.
A few years after the 1349 massacre, Jews moved back to Erfurt and founded a second community, which was disbanded by the city council in 1458.

## Erfurt manuscripts

Massacres were generally accompanied by extensive looting. The items looted in the Erfurt massacre included the Erfurt manuscripts, written in Hebrew, including a Tosefta, which is now the oldest surviving such manuscript, dating to the 12th century.
After the massacre, the Erfurt manuscripts, including the Tosefta, came into the possession of Erfurt City Council and in the late 17th century ended up in the library of the Lutheran Erfurt Evangelical Church Library, at Erfurt's former Augustinian Monastery. They were found in the church library in 1879 and 16 of these manuscripts were transferred in 1880 to the Royal Library in Berlin, the present day Berlin State Library, where they are now kept, and called the Erfurt Collection. According to one reference, there are bloodstains on the Tosefta manuscript.
Many of the Jews of Erfurt preemptively hid their valuables before the attack. One such hidden cache of valuables probably belonging to merchant Kalman of Wiehe was found in 1998. The cache is now referred to as the Erfurt Treasure and is on permanent display at the newly restored 11th-century Old Synagogue museum in Erfurt.
# Abeokuta flyover

The Abeokuta flyover is a flyover in the city of Abeokuta, the capital of Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria. The flyover was constructed at Ibara roundabout, Abeokuta by the Ogun State Government led by Senator Ibikunle Amosun. It is the first flyover constructed in the state. It was commissioned on Thursday January 24, 2013. The investment worth of the flyover is tagged at N1.5bn.
# Ebene, Mauritius

Ébène (Mauritian Creole pronunciation:) is a suburb of Quatre Bornes, Mauritius, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the capital, Port Louis. Construction began in November 2001, with the suburb being promoted as a new information technology hub for Mauritius and as a link between African and Asian markets. The aim was to create a hi-tech office area in order to dynamise the country. As a result, it is also referred to as Ébène Cybercity or Cyber City.

## Ebene Cyber City

Mauritius Research and Innovation Council has a centre at Ebene where it has a ground station for its satellite MIR-SAT1. Mauritius Metro has been expanded to Ebene.
The Atal Bihari Vajpayee Tower (formerly Cyber Tower One) is a 12-storey, 72-metre-tall commercial building located in Ébène Cybercity.
# Jill Pole

Jill Pole is a major character from C. S. Lewis' Chronicles of Narnia series. She appears in The Silver Chair and The Last Battle.

## Appearances
### The Silver Chair

Jill Pole first appears in The Silver Chair. She and Eustace attend the same school, and it is from the school grounds that they travel to Aslan's Country beyond the Sun, after being chased by bullies. She and Eustace are sent to Narnia by Aslan, to find the kidnapped Prince Rilian, son of Caspian X. They accomplish this with the assistance of the marshwiggle Puddleglum. Jill has to learn to face her claustrophobia and nyctophobia during her quest, and also is the one Aslan has tasked with remembering the four signs that will guide them on their quest. When she is distracted from doing this by temptation of good food and rest as part of the Lady of the Green Kirtle's trickery, the group lose their way and find themselves in serious danger from the man-eating giants of Harfang. Jill is also the first to discover the exit from the Underland that leads back to Narnia, and she saves her wonderful clothes from Narnia to wear at fancy dress balls once she is back in England.

### The Last Battle

Jill and Eustace are called into Narnia to help King Tirian in his struggle against the false appearance of Aslan, and a Calormene invasion. They first free the king from where he is tied to a tree. Then the three of them steal away to a Narnian supply garrison where they put on Calormene disguises and return to Stable Hill. When they arrive they free Jewel the Unicorn. Then Jill disobeys the king's orders by entering the Stable, but in doing so, she discovers Puzzle the Donkey, the fake Aslan. Jill becomes Puzzle's friend and saves him from execution by Tirian.
During the battle, Jill fights with her bow and arrow and kills several Calormene soldiers while weeping for the now-doomed Narnia (she had previously stated that she hoped Narnia would go on forever). She later goes through the stable door and comes into Aslan's Country along with the others and also becomes one of the Queens (alongside Polly and Lucy) along with Eustace who becomes a King like Digory, Peter, and Edmund.

## Portrayal

In the 1990 BBC production of The Chronicles of Narnia, Jill Pole was portrayed by Camilla Power.
In the 2010 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Jill Pole is mentioned visiting Eustace at the end, although she is not shown.
# David McClelland (politician)

David Alexander McClelland (c. 1909– January 1987) was a unionist politician in Northern Ireland.
McClelland was elected as an Ulster Unionist Party member of the Senate of Northern Ireland in 1967, serving until its abolition in 1973.
McClelland died in Craigavad in January 1987 at the age of 78.
# Tsalkoti

Tsalkoti (Georgian: წალკოტი) or Lapstarkha (Abkhaz: Лаԥсҭарха) is a village in the Gagra District of Abkhazia, Georgia.
# 2015 St. Louis Attack season

The 2015 St. Louis Attack season was the third season for the indoor football franchise, and their second in the X-League Indoor Football.
On April 23, 2015, it was announced that Head Coach Chris McKinney had been fired, and Pat Pimmel would be the Attack's interim head coach.

## Schedule

Key:  Win  Tie  Loss  Bye

### Regular season

All start times are local to home team
| Week | Day | Date | Kickoff | Opponent | Results | Results | Location |
| Week | Day | Date | Kickoff | Opponent | Score | Record | Location |
| 1 | Sunday | March 29 | 7:00pm | at Corpus Christi Fury | W 34-16 | 1-0 | American Bank Center |
| 2 | Saturday | April 4 | 7:35pm | Rio Grande Valley Sol | L 43-60 | 1-1 | Family Arena |
| 3 | Friday | April 11 | 7:35pm | Bloomington Edge | W 47-45 | 2-1 | Family Arena |
| 4 | Saturday | April 18 | 7:00pm | at Marion Blue Racers | L 29-33 | 2-2 | Veterans Memorial Coliseum |
| 5 | Friday | April 24 | 7:35pm | Marion Blue Racers | W 48-23 | 3-2 | Family Arena |
| 6 | Saturday | May 2 | 7:00pm | at Bloomington Edge | W 55-43 | 4-2 | U.S. Cellular Coliseum |
| 7 | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE |
| 8 | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE |
| 9 | Sunday | May 24 | 7:00pm | at Rio Grande Valley Sol | L 65-47 | 4-3 | State Farm Arena |
| 10 | Saturday | May 30 | 7:30pm | Georgia Firebirds | W 55-8 | 5-3 | Family Arena |
| 11 | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE |

### Standings

| Team | Wins | Losses | Percentage |
| z-Florida Tarpons | 6 | 2 | .750 |
| Rio Grande Valley Sol | 5 | 2 | .714 |
| St. Louis Attack | 5 | 3 | .625 |
| Bloomington Edge | 5 | 3 | .625 |
| x-Florida Marine Raiders | 5 | 3 | .625 |
| Marion Blue Racers | 5 | 3 | .625 |
| Cape Fear Heroes | 4 | 4 | .500 |
| Georgia Rampage | 2 | 6 | .250 |
| Alabama Outlawz | 2 | 6 | .250 |
| Corpus Christi Fury | 0 | 7 | .000 |
* z-Indicates best regular season record
* x-Indicates clinched playoff berth
# Livius Smitt

Livius Smitt (8 October 1840 – 4 March 1890) was a Norwegian jurist and politician, joining the Conservative Party in 1884.
Born in Vinje, he moved to Førde where he served as a barrister from 1867 ti 1881, and as major from 1874 to 1881. He was one of the founders of the newspaper Nordre Bergenhus Amtstidende in 1872 and Florø Træplantningsselskab. There is a street named for him in the town. He sat as a deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from 1877 to 1879 and then as a regular representative from 1880 to 1882. He then moved to Brevik where he also was elected as a parliamentarian. He turned down a seat in Stang's Cabinet. During the late 1880s, Smitt was one of the main proponents of the Brevik Line, but died before Parliament passed the line in 1892.
# 1969 in South Korea

Events from the year 1969 in South Korea.

## Incumbents

* President: Park Chung-hee
* Prime Minister: Chung Il-kwon

## Events

* August 8 – MBC Television officially launched service to nationwide.
* December 3 – End of Korean DMZ Conflict
* December 11 – Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking

## Births

* 8 August - Song Sung-il, Greco-Roman wrestler (d. 1995)
* 14 September - Bong Joon-ho, director and screenwriter
* 29 September - Cho Youn-jeong, archer
* 6 October - Hyun Jung-hwa, table tennis player
# G.I. Joe: Spy Troops

G.I. Joe: Spy Troops is a 2003 American animated military science fiction action film produced by Reel FX Creative Studios and distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment.
The film was released direct-to-video and premiered on Cartoon Network on September 27, 2003. A sequel, titled G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom, was released on September 14, 2004.

## History

When Hasbro launched G.I. Joe vs. Cobra in 2002, an updated revival of the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline that was sold between 1982 and 1994, they commissioned Reel FX Creative Studios to produce a series of CGI-animated commercials to promote the new line of figures. They would follow this up with an hour-long direct-to-video movie titled Spy Troops to promote the 2003 series of figures released under the sub-line of the same name. Spy Troops was written by Larry Hama, who wrote the original filecards and the Marvel comic series.

## Plot

The plot revolves around G.I. Joe, America's "daring, highly trained special missions force". The Joes have just perfected a new technology: Mind Interface Remote Control (MIRC), which allows soldiers to flawlessly command vehicles from a safe distance. The title refers to the fact that the two opposing forces, the G.I. Joe Team and Cobra, make use of spies to achieve their objectives. Cobra sends Zartan, to infiltrate G.I. Joe headquarters posing as Shipwreck, and steal the MIRC technology. The Joes send Shipwreck and Snake Eyes to the enemy's camp, after learning about what happened. The Joes then organize an assault on Cobra Mountain and successfully regain the technology, destroying Cobra's base and chopper in the process.

## Cast

| Actor | Role |
| John Payne | Duke |
| Matt Hill | Beach Head |
| Lisa Ann Beley | Scarlett |
| Lee Tockar | Shipwreck |
| Don S. Davis | Wild Bill |
| Mark Hildreth | Hi-Tech |
| Michael Dobson | Cobra Commander |
| Scott McNeil | Destro |
| Teryl Rothery | Baroness |
| Jim Foronda | Doctor Mindbender |
| Brian Dobson | Flint |
| Blu Mankuma | Heavy Duty |
| Peter Kelamis | Polly |
| Ty Olsson | Storm Shadow |
| Ward Perry | Agent Faces |
| Alessandro Juliani | Dusty |
| Colin Murdock | Zartan |
| Doron Bell Jr. | Tunnel Rat |
| Paul Dobson | Barrel Roll |
| Phil Hayes | Torpedo |
| Jake Parker | Snake Eyes |

## Release

Spy Troops: The Movie was released on DVD in September 2003, with the 12" Ninja Showdown two-pack. It had a suggested retail price of $19.95. Later, it was also available alone, with a suggested retail price of $4.95. Cartoon Network premiered Spy Troops: The Movie on September 27, 2003 at 10:00 p.m.
# Brian Hammel

Brian Hammel (born March 23, 1953) is an American college basketball former coach.
He became the head coach at Northern Illinois University in 1991, coaching the team for over nine years before resigning midway through the 2000–2001 season because of exhaustion. The Huskies qualified for the NCAA tournament once in Hammel's tenure, reaching the 1996 event before losing in the first round to Texas Tech.
Prior to assuming the Northern Illinois job, Hammel had served as an assistant to George Raveling at Iowa from 1984 to 1986. He then moved with Raveling to Southern California and worked as an assistant coach from 1986 to 1991, taking an important role in the team's recruiting activities.
Hammel currently is the president of the Northridge Hospital Foundation, a position he has held since 2002.
# Shingwa

Shingwa (Burmese: ရှင်ကွ, pronounced; lit. 'Lady Bandy Legs') is one of 37 nats in the official Burmese pantheon of nats. She was the sister of Mandalay Bodaw, one of the 37 nats, and killed together with her brother for hiding the brothers Shwe Hpyin Nyidaw and Shwe Hpyin Naungdaw. The daughter of King Pallikara, possibly of the Pala dynasty of Bengal. Shingwa Nat was the one of queen consort of the King Alaungsithu of Pagan Dynasty.
# U Shin Gyi

U Shin Gyi (Burmese: ဦးရှင်ကြီး, IPA: or ရေငံပိုင်ဦးရှင်းကြီး, IPA:; also Lord of the Sea or Conqueror of the Salty Sea) is a Burmese nat commonly venerated in the Ayeyarwady Delta region, as he is widely believed to be a benevolent guardian spirit of waterways. He is commonly depicted next to a tiger and crocodile, and is often holding a Burmese harp, as he was originally a harpist from Kasin village in Bago. According to one version of his story, while on an expedition to find food, U Shin Gyi and fellow lumberjacks landed on Meinmahla Island, and his harp-playing enticed two nat sisters, who did not allow the boat to depart the island until they were appeased. U Shin Gyi allowed himself to drown, pleasing the spirits, and in return he became a nat. A nat festival is held in his honor every March.
# Clomifenoxide

Clomifenoxide (INN), also known as clomifene N-oxide, is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group that is described as an antiestrogen and "gonad stimulant" and was never marketed. It is an active metabolite of clomifene.
# Minkhaung of Prome

Minkhaung of Prome (Burmese: ပြည် မင်းခေါင်; died 1553) Tai name Sao Möng Hkam was the last king of Prome, the descendant from Mohnyin who reigned three tumultuous years from 1539 to 1542. He succeeded his brother Narapati in 1539. Minkhaung frantically prepared to defend against another attack by Toungoo Kingdom. He reinforced his already heavily fortified city of Prome (Pyay), and hired foreign mercenaries. Although he knew his nominal overlords, the Confederation of Shan States, would assist him, he continued the alliance with King Min Bin of Mrauk U begun by his late brother. Min Bin was married to Minkhaung's and Narapati's sister.
In late 1541, Toungoo again laid siege to Prome. Prome's allies the Confederation and Mrauk U sent in help to break the siege. But Toungoo forces under the command of Gen. Bayinnaung defeated both armies. Mrauk U also sent in a naval flotilla that landed in Bassein (Pathein). Upon hearing of the Mrauk U army's defeat, the flotilla turned back. After a five months' siege, starvation set in. The besieged deserted the city in great numbers. On 19 May 1542 (5th waxing of Nayon 904 ME), Minkhaung surrendered. Minkhaung and his queen Thiri Hpone Htut were taken to Toungoo (Taungoo).
King Tabinshwehti of Toungoo appointed Mingyi Swe, Bayinnaung's father, governor of Prome, restoring its former position of a provincial capital.
Minkhaung remained under house arrest until 1553 when he died by natural illness. Thiri Hpone Htut became a queen of Bayinnaung with the title of Sanda Dewi.

## Ancestry

The following is his ancestry as reported in the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle, which in turn referenced contemporary inscriptions.
Ancestry of King Minkhaung :
# Yamankan

Nga Yamankan (Burmese: ငရမန်ကန်း, pronounced; c. 1039–1084) was Governor of Pegu (Bago) from 1077 to 1084, who raised an unsuccessful rebellion against Saw Lu of Pagan Dynasty. He nearly succeeded. He captured and killed Lu. But he was driven out of Upper Burma by Lu's half-brother, Kyansittha and was killed while in retreat.

## Early life

Yamankan, an ethnic Mon, was raised in Pagan at the court of King Anawrahta. His mother, who was of noble birth, was Anawrahta's son Lu's wet nurse. his posthumous name Yamankan.
He and Lu grew up together at the Pagan court, and became close friends. When Lu became in king in 1077, he appointed his childhood friend governor of Pegu. Lu proved an ineffective ruler, and over time, Yamankan became convinced that he could successfully break away. He wanted independence for his Mon homeland, which was conquered by Anawrahta only in 1057.
In 1084, Yamankan had a fallout with Lu, and raised a rebellion. He sailed up the Irrawaddy river with his army, and took a position on an island a few miles below Pagan. Lu recalled Kyansittha from exile, and gave him the command of Pagan army. They marched south and halted near Myingun (near Magwe). Yamankan's army was stationed at Thayet. Lu was impatient and against Kyansittha's warning, attacked. But Yamankan had expected such an attack and prepared his positions well. Lu's army was routed and the king was taken prisoner.
Yamankan executed Lu after Kyansittha tried to rescue Lu. (Ironically, the rescue attempt was foiled by Lu who alerted the guards that he was being rescued. The captive king trusted his childhood friend and captor Yamankan more than his brother Kyansittha.) Yamankan himself was ambushed by the sniper bow-shot of Nga Sin the hunter and died.

## Governorship

Although the royal chronicles say he was governor of Pegu, the earliest evidence of Pegu as a place dates only to 1266, about two centuries later than when Yamankan was supposed to have been governor. Furthermore, at least one 18th century Mon language chronicle says the first governor of Pegu in the Pagan period was appointed only in 1273/74.