OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fredy Perlman

Fredy Perlman (1934–1985) was an American author, publisher, and activist. His best-known work, Against His-Story, Against Leviathan!, retells the historical rise of state domination (and domination generally) through a poetic investigation of the Hobbesian metaphor of the Leviathan.

## Early life

Perlman was born August 20, 1934, in Brno, Czechoslovakia, to Henry and Martha Perlman. His family immigrated first to Cochabamba, Bolivia to escape the Holocaust and later to the United States. Perlman received a master's degree from Columbia University and a PhD from University of Belgrade. He married Lorraine Nybakken in January 1958.

## Career

His best-known work, Against His-Story, Against Leviathan (1983) rewrites the history of humanity as a struggle of free people resisting being turned into "zeks" (a Soviet term for forced labour that Perlman borrowed from The Gulag Archipelago) by Leviathans (a term used by Thomas Hobbes for the sovereign nation-state). The book influenced the anarcho-primitivist author John Zerzan. Philosopher John P. Clark states that Against His-Story, Against Leviathan! describes Perlman's critique of what he saw as "the millennia-long history of the assault of the technological megamachine on humanity and the Earth." Clark also notes the book discusses "anarchistic spiritual movements" such as the Yellow Turban movement in ancient China and the Brethren of the Free Spirit in medieval Europe.

## Death

Perlman died on July 26, 1985, while undergoing heart surgery in Detroit's Henry Ford Hospital. He was survived by his wife and a brother.

## Selected publications

* Fredy Perlman (1962), Plunder, New York: Living Theatre
* "Essay on Commodity Fetishism". Telos 6 (Fall 1970). New York: Telos Press.
* "The Continuing Appeal of Nationalism"
** Sound recording
* "The Reproduction of Daily Life"
* Against His-story! Against Leviathan!
* Worker-Student Action Committees, France May '68 with Roger Gregoire
* Manual for Revolutionary Leaders
* Manual for Revolutionary Leaders Second Edition Including The Sources of Velli's Thoughts (Black & Red, Detroit, 1974)
* "Ten Theses on the Proliferation of Egocrats"
* "Obituary for Paul Baran"
* "The Machine Against the Garden: Two Essays on American Literature and Culture"
* "Chicago, 1968"
* "Anything can happen"
* Illyria Street Commune 1979 (AudioPlay)
* Illyria Street Commune 1979 (Playscript on The Anarchist Library)
# KW postcode area

The KW postcode area, also known as the Wick postcode area, is a group of sixteen postcode districts in the far north of Scotland, within fifteen post towns. These cover Caithness (including Wick, Thurso, Halkirk, Berriedale, Dunbeath, Latheron and Lybster), east Sutherland (including Golspie, Brora, Helmsdale, Kinbrace and Forsinard) and the Orkney Islands.
Mail for the KW postcode area is processed at Inverness Mail Centre, along with mail for the IV and HS postcode areas.
The postcode area is often mistaken as Kirkwall. However, the convention is that the area is named after the post town where the '1' is located. In this case, KW1 covers the town of Wick, along with John o Groats and Keiss, and this is the correct area.

## Coverage

The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
| Postcode district | Post town | Coverage | Local authority area(s) |
| KW1 | WICK | Wick, John o' Groats, Keiss | Highland |
| KW2 | LYBSTER | Ulbster, Whaligoe, Bruan | Highland |
| KW3 | LYBSTER | Lybster, Clyth | Highland |
| KW5 | LATHERON | Latheron, Latheronwheel | Highland |
| KW6 | DUNBEATH | Dunbeath | Highland |
| KW7 | BERRIEDALE | Berriedale, Newport | Highland |
| KW8 | HELMSDALE | Helmsdale | Highland |
| KW9 | BRORA | Brora | Highland |
| KW10 | GOLSPIE | Golspie | Highland |
| KW11 | KINBRACE | Kinbrace | Highland |
| KW12 | HALKIRK | Halkirk, Georgemas, Westerdale | Highland |
| KW13 | FORSINARD | Forsinard, Achiemore | Highland |
| KW14 | THURSO | Thurso, Scrabster, Castletown, Dunnet, Mey, Melvich, Strathy, Bettyhill, Skerray | Highland |
| KW15 | KIRKWALL | Kirkwall, St Ola | Orkney Islands |
| KW16 | STROMNESS | Stromness, Hoy, Flotta, Graemsay, Sandwick, Stenness | Orkney Islands |
| KW17 | ORKNEY | Most of Mainland, all of the north isles, Burray, South Ronaldsay | Orkney Islands |
# Pinnekjøtt

Pinnekjøtt (Norwegian pronunciation:) is a traditional Norwegian main course dinner dish based on lamb ribs. Pinnekjøtt is a festive dish typical to Western and Northern Norway, and is rapidly gaining popularity in other regions as well. This dish is largely associated with the celebration of Christmas and frequently paired with puréed rutabaga, sausages and potatoes, served with beer and akevitt.

## Preparation

The preparation of pinnekjøtt uses a traditional method of food preservation utilising curing, drying and in some regions also smoking as a means of inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms. Although fresh lamb is available today, and frozen can be bought all year round, pinnekjøtt is still prepared both commercially and in private homes due to the flavour and maturing the preservation process gives to the meat.
In home preparation of pinnekjøtt, racks of lamb or mutton are cured in brine or coarse sea salt. Once sufficiently cured, and when the weather is cold enough, the racks are hung in a cool, dark, well ventilated place to dry. In some regions, particularly in parts of Hordaland and Sunnmøre, the fresh racks are commonly smoked prior to drying. Traditionally this was done in order to prevent mould growth during the drying process.
Before cooking, the racks are separated into individual ribs by cutting between the bones. The ribs are then soaked in water so as to rinse out the salt and reconstitute the meat. Today pinnekjøtt is available in most supermarkets before Christmas, smoked or unsmoked, ready cut and sometimes also soaked, ready for cooking. After soaking the ribs are steamed over a little water in a large saucepan. Usually, a grid of twigs of birch is placed in the bottom of the saucepan which will allow the meat to steam more than it is cooked.

## Etymology

The origin of the word pinnekjøtt (literally: 'stick meat') is unclear. It may refer to the birch twigs that many use as a kind of steam grate in the pot. The word pinne is also used in dialectal Norwegian in reference to single ribs.

## In culture

In the Netflix Original series Lady Dynamite (2017, Season 2 episode "Souplutions"), Maria Bamford’s mother makes pinnekjøtt for the King and Queen of Norway when they visit Duluth, Minnesota.
# Michał Kondracki

Michał Kondracki (5 October 1902 – 27 February 1984) was a Polish composer. His work was part of the music event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Michał Kondracki was born on October 5, 1902 in Poltava, and died on 27 February 1984 in Glen Cove (near New York), Polish composer. In the years 1923-27 he studied at the conservatory in Warsaw with R. Statkowski and K. Szymanowski (composition) and H. Melcer (piano). In 1927-30 he studied at the Ecole Normale de Musique in Paris with P. Dukas, P. Vidal and N. Boulanger; he was also secretary of the Association of Young Polish Musicians in Paris. After returning to Warsaw he occupied himself with composing, music criticism and journalism, and charitable activities. Kondracki was co-organizer and vice president of the Polish Society for Contemporary Music, vice-president of the Association of Writers and Music Critics, a member of the artistic advisory board of the Warsaw Opera and board member of: the Society of Friends of Artistic Dance Society and the K. Szymanowski Society. He also collected folk music of the Hucul, Podhale and Żywiec regions. The outbreak of war in 1939 found him in the Mediterranean. In 1940 he arrived in Brazil and lived in Rio de Janeiro, where he worked with the radio station. In October 1943 he moved to the United States and lived in New York, later settling in Sea Cliff, New York, where he taught piano privately. He also worked with the TV Voice of America, where he conducted interviews with Polish artists performing in the United States. He was president of The Long Island Little Orchestra Society. In 1948-49 and 1957-69 was a correspondent for "Ruch Muzyczny". In 1960 he moved to Glen Cove, where he lived until his death. Michał Kondracki was a passionate traveler and a great lover of nature and these qualities to a large extent shaped his life in exile.
He had a double-barrelled surname, with the cognomen 'Ostoya', which, however, he never used.
# Saint-Germain-de-Confolens

Saint-Germain-de-Confolens (French pronunciation:, literally Saint-Germain of Confolens; Occitan: Sent German sus Vinhana) is a former commune in the Charente department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune Confolens.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1793 | 373 | — |
| 1800 | 338 | −9.4% |
| 1806 | 350 | +3.6% |
| 1821 | 385 | +10.0% |
| 1831 | 391 | +1.6% |
| 1841 | 385 | −1.5% |
| 1846 | 355 | −7.8% |
| 1851 | 356 | +0.3% |
| 1856 | 360 | +1.1% |
| 1861 | 330 | −8.3% |
| 1866 | 321 | −2.7% |
| 1872 | 315 | −1.9% |
| 1876 | 323 | +2.5% |
| 1881 | 365 | +13.0% |
| 1886 | 369 | +1.1% |
| 1891 | 391 | +6.0% |
| 1896 | 350 | −10.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1901 | 341 | −2.6% |
| 1906 | 344 | +0.9% |
| 1911 | 330 | −4.1% |
| 1921 | 296 | −10.3% |
| 1926 | 260 | −12.2% |
| 1931 | 245 | −5.8% |
| 1936 | 256 | +4.5% |
| 1946 | 280 | +9.4% |
| 1954 | 271 | −3.2% |
| 1962 | 258 | −4.8% |
| 1968 | 240 | −7.0% |
| 1975 | 165 | −31.2% |
| 1982 | 128 | −22.4% |
| 1990 | 109 | −14.8% |
| 1999 | 98 | −10.1% |
| 2008 | 96 | −2.0% |
# Koryakovskaya

Koryakovskaya (Russian: Коряковская) is a rural locality (a village) in Kichmegnskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 20 as of 2002. There are two streets.

## Geography

Koryakovskaya is located 11 km southeast of Kichmengsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nizhneye Vorovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Jack Wodhams

Jack Wodhams (1931–2017) was an English-born science fiction writer who lived in Australia from 1955 until his death. He also wrote as Trudy Rose and Caroline Edwards. Wodhams was born on 3 September 1931, in Dagenham (London) and died on 3 August 2017.
He was first published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact in 1967 with the story There Is a Crooked Man. He was largely known for the kind of "problem oriented" stories that Analog itself is known for. These stories have been called "generally clever and often ingenious" and good on military matters, but occasionally criticised as facetious. From 1970 to 1982, he was nominated for the Ditmar Award several times.
# Festim Miraka

Festim Miraka (born 31 December 1987) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for KF Burreli.

## Club career
### Luftëtari Gjirokastër

On 12 October 2017, in the last moments of 2017–18 Albanian Superliga match against Kazma, Miraka conceded a penalty by punching Stevan Račić in the stomach. He was immediately sent off by the referee as Luftëtari conceded and eventually lost the match 1–2 at home. One day later, he was suspended 5 matches by Disciplinary Committee of Albanian Football Association for unsportsmanlike conduct. Miraka justified his action by saying that the striker insulted him. He was also suspended by club immediately after for an unlimited time until a second notice. On 10 November, Miraka terminated his contract with the club and become a free agent in the process, stating: "The suspension without end is not acceptable."
# Lucinda Riley

Lucinda Kate Riley (née Edmonds; 16 February 1965 – 11 June 2021) was a Northern Irish author of popular historical fiction, formerly an actress and ballet dancer.

## Biography

Lucinda Edmonds was born in Lisburn and spent the first few years of her life in the village of Drumbeg, near Belfast, before moving to England. At age 14, she enrolled in the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London to study theatre and ballet. At 16, she got her first major television role in the BBC adaptation of The Story of the Treasure Seekers, followed shortly afterwards by a guest role in Auf Wiedersehen Pet. She remained a working actress for the next seven years.
Her acting career was interrupted by a long bout of mononucleosis. This caused her to turn to writing, and her first novel Lovers and Players was published in 1992.
From 1988 to 1998, she was married to actor Owen Whittaker, with whom she had two children. From 2000 until her death, she was married to Stephen Riley, with whom she also had two children, as well as three stepchildren. She took a break from writing, returning to it in 2010; her subsequent novels were published under her married name.
In 2014, Riley published the Seven Sisters, the first novel of a series of the same name. This novel series made her a bestselling author, especially in Europe. The novels have been translated into several languages and have sold a combined total of more than 30 million books. In 2016, producer Raffaella De Laurentiis purchased the television rights to this series.
In 2019, Riley revealed to Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang that she had oesophageal cancer. She continued to work, producing five novels during the four years of her illness, but was unable to complete the planned final eighth novel in her Seven Sisters series before her death on 11 June 2021. After her death, her son, Harry Whittaker, completed the series. Atlas: The Story of Pa Salt was posthumously released in May 2023.
In May 2022, her stepdaughter, Olivia Riley, who was a personal assistant and publishing executive for Lucinda Riley Ltd, died after being hit by a car while walking her dogs in London.

## Filmography

* The Story of the Treasure Seekers (1982)
* Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983)
* Jumping the Queue (1989)
# Nikhil Rathod

Nikhil Rajendrakumar Rathod (born 3 September 1984) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed legbreak bowler and was a member of the Indian U-19 cricket team at the 2004 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. he's also in cricket administration as CEO of franchises in Various ICC, BCCI approved leagues.
# Sean Devine

Sean Thomas Devine (born 6 September 1972) is a retired professional footballer who played as a striker.

## Biography

He began his career with Millwall. Having spent time on loan with Woking in 1992, he spent two years with Bromley and one with Fisher Athletic before moving to Cyprus to play for Anorthosis Famagusta in the summer of 1995. Four months later, he returned to England and signed for Barnet.
Devine was Barnet's top scorer for three seasons and in 1996 he was offered a trial at Premiership club West Ham United. However, the high-profile transfer was cancelled after he was struck down by groin and hernia problems which kept him out of action for eight months. Devine had scored 16 goals before Christmas that season and he returned to fitness only after a rehabilitation spell at Lilleshall during the summer of 1997. Devine continued to score goals for Barnet and managed to break the club's league goalscoring record but an alleged fall-out with Bees Manager John Still brought an end to his future at Underhill.
In April 1999, after a successful loan spell at the club, Devine signed for Wycombe Wanderers for a fee of £200,000. He scored eight goals in 12 league appearances that season that made a major contributing factor to Wycombe's last day escape from relegation in the 1998–99 season. Devine also set a Wycombe club record for most goals in a single season by scoring 23 goals during the 1999–2000 campaign. However, a knee injury caused him to miss the whole of the 2000–01 season and after that he was unable to regain his old goalscoring form at the club. Devine stayed for two more years and went on to become Wycombe's all-time record Football League goalscorer, a record he had now achieved for two clubs. During the 2002–03 season, Devine began to fall out of favour with Wycombe manager Lawrie Sanchez and this led to the player requesting a transfer away from the club. Sanchez felt that Devine was no longer the same player since his injury and accepted a £70,000 offer from Exeter City, with the deal being concluded in January 2003.
In January 2005, Devine captained his Exeter side in an FA Cup third round match against Manchester United at Old Trafford, in which the non-league side secured a famous 0-0 result. After that season, Devine left England and signed for the New Zealand Knights making just seven appearances before club was dissolved in January 2007.
Devine also played as an Irish B international in a team that included Robbie Keane and Damien Duff in February 1998.
# Megachile disjuncta

Megachile disjuncta is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1781.
# 1946 Dayton Flyers football team

The 1946 Dayton Flyers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Dayton as an independent during the 1946 college football season. In their 21st and final season under head coach Harry Baujan, the Flyers compiled a 6–3 record.
Dayton was ranked at No. 96 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System rankings for 1946.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Wichita | University of Dayton StadiumDayton, OH | W 21–0 | 9,000 |
| October 5 | Miami (OH) | University of Dayton StadiumDayton, OH | L 0–35 | 13,000 |
| October 12 | Cincinnati | University of Dayton StadiumDayton, OH | L 0–19 | 10,000 |
| October 19 | at Toledo | Glass BowlToledo, OH | W 20–13 | 14,000 |
| October 26 | Western Reserve | University of Dayton StadiumDayon, OH | W 20–6 | 8,000 |
| November 3 | at Xavier | Xavier StadiumCincinnati, OH | W 33–6 | 10,000 |
| November 9 | Chattanooga | University of Dayton StadiumDayton, OH | L 7–34 | 5,000 |
| November 16 | at Ohio | Ohio StadiumAthens, OH | W 14–7 | 6,000 |
| November 23 | Marshall | University of Dayton StadiumDayton, OH | W 29–7 | 6,000 |
| Homecoming ||||||
# Let It Snow (1999 film)

Let It Snow (also known as Snow Days) is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Adam Marcus and written and produced by his brother, Kipp Marcus, who also stars. Additional cast members include Alice Dylan, Bernadette Peters, Larry Pine, Henry Simmons, Judith Malina, and Miriam Shor. The story involves a young man who finds love during "snow days" time off from high school, but spends years finding his true self. He is haunted by a family curse—as told to him by his grandmother—that the men in the family are doomed.
The film was released by Artistic License on June 8, 2001 to mixed reviews.

## Plot

James Ellis (Kipp Marcus) meets and falls in love with Sarah (Alice Dylan) during time off for snow days while in high school. James, however, has commitment issues, and Sarah eventually winds up engaged to Peter (Peter Giles). His grandmother (Judith Malina) had warned him about the family curse, that the "men always leave and the women go crazy", which causes James to be reluctant to commit. Over the next few years, James searches for his true self, ending up at "The CIA" – the Culinary Institute of America.
His eccentric mother Elise (Bernadette Peters), still upset that her husband left her and James, is on an endless search for her inner self and has commitment issues of her own. She spends her time with a series of lovers who don't speak English, in the "International House of Boyfriends".
Ultimately James overcomes the family curse and wins Sarah.

## Cast

* Kipp Marcus as James Ellis
* Alice Dylan as Sarah Milson
* Bernadette Peters as Elise Ellis
* Judith Malina as Grammy
* Larry Pine as Wendell Milson
* Henry Simmons as Mitch Jennings
* Miriam Shor as Beth
* Stephen Colbert as "happy successful guy"

## Production
### Development

Brothers Adam and Kipp Marcus comprise the writing, producing and directing team behind this independent film, and Kipp also appears as the male lead. Kipp asked movie studios for their short-ends (unused film) at a cheap price to have enough film to shoot in 35mm.

### Casting

Kipp had wanted Bernadette Peters for the role of his mother, Elise, but when her agent said that she was too busy, he sent her the entire script via fax. After meeting with Kipp she accepted the part.

### Filming

Part of the movie was filmed at the Marcus' mother's house in Westport, Connecticut.

## Critical response

The Variety reviewer Lael Loewenstein wrote: "Smarter and more appealing than many other recent romantic comedies." Elvis Mitchell in The New York Times wrote: "The film's naïveté makes up for its rampant predictability."

### Accolades

At the AFI Fest, 1999, Let It Snow won awards for Best New Writing (Kipp Marcus) and Best Editing (Joe Klotz). At the Deauville Film Festival, it received a nomination for Grand Special Prize, 2000. The film was an "Official Selection" at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival.
# Trześcianka

Trześcianka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narew, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Narew, 24 km (15 mi) north of Hajnówka, and 28 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.
Trześcianka is mostly inhabited by Orthodox Belarusians who use Podlachian language.
# Cephalopelvic disproportion

Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors. Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones, such as rickets or a pelvic fracture, and lead to CPD.
Transverse diagonal measurement has been proposed as a predictive method.

## Signs and symptoms

1. Prolonged Labor: Labor that does not progress as expected, particularly during the active phase.
2. Failure to Progress: Lack of dilation or descent of the baby despite strong contractions.
3. Severe Pain: Intense pain that is disproportionate to normal labor pain.
4. Fetal Distress: Signs like abnormal heart rate patterns detected via fetal monitoring.
5. Maternal Exhaustion: Extreme fatigue in the mother due to prolonged labor.
6. High Station: The baby’s head remains high in the pelvis and doesn’t descend despite strong contractions.
Diagnosis of CPD usually occurs during labor, often requiring medical interventions such as a cesarean section (C-section) to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

## Causes

A large fetus can be one cause of CPD. A large fetus can be caused by gestational diabetes, postterm pregnancy, genetic factors, and multiparity.
The shape of the pelvis can also be a cause of CPD. The pelvis may be too small, or the shape of the pelvis may be malformed. Shorter women are more likely to have CPD as are adolescents.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CPD may be made when there is failure to progress, but not all cases of prolonged labour are the result of CPD. Use of ultrasound to measure the size of the fetus in the womb is controversial, as these methods are often inaccurate and may lead to unnecessary caesarian section; a trial of labour is often recommended even if size of the fetus is estimated to be large.
Theoretically, pelvimetry may identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion. However, a woman's pelvis loosens up before birth (with the help of hormones). A Cochrane review in 2017 found that there was too little evidence to show whether pelvimetry is beneficial and safe when the baby is in cephalic presentation. A review in 2003 came to the conclusion that pelvimetry does not change the management of pregnant women, and recommended that all women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry results. It considered routine performance of pelvimetry to be a waste of time, a potential liability, and an unnecessary discomfort.

## Treatment

In the case of a fetus being too large, some obstetricians recommend induction of labour for earlier delivery. Diagnosis of CPD in active labour will usually result in a Caesarian section.