OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eureka Schoolhouse

The Eureka Schoolhouse is a historic school building at 470 Charlestown Road (Vermont Route 11) in the Goulds Mill village of Springfield, Vermont. Built in 1785, it is the oldest surviving schoolhouse in the state. It is the centerpiece of a small historic site operated by the state. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

## Description and history

The Eureka Schoolhouse stands between Vermont Route 11 (to the south) and the Black River to the north, in the dispersed rural setting of Goulds Mill, southeast of the Springfield's main village center. It is a small single-story structure, built out of hand-hewn timbers and covered by a wooden shingle roof. Its walls are finished in rough-cut wooden boards, scored to resemble cut stone. A brick chimney rises from the rear right corner. The front facade, facing south toward the road, is three bays wide, with the entrance in the left bay, and large sash windows in the other two.
The school is believed to have been built in 1785, and is the oldest known schoolhouse in the state. It underwent a series of alterations over the 19th century, and was closed in 1900. It stood vacant and abandoned for many years, and was carefully disassembled by preservationists and stored in 1958. In 1968, it was reassembled to its original configuration (as best it could be determined from extant records) at the present site, which also includes the relocated Baltimore Covered Bridge.
# Pachycaulos

Pachycaulos is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. It has two species, Pachycaulos nummularia and Pachycaulos huancabambae. Its native range is Southeastern Mexico to Peru.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described as Hypocyrta nummularia by Johannes von Hanstein in 1865. The epithet nummularia is a noun in apposition. In 2013, J.L. Clark and J.F. Smith moved it to their new genus Pachycaulos using the incorrect adjectival form of the epithet, nummularium, rather than the correct nummularia.
# Platystele

Platystele is a genus of orchids, comprising 123 species. Most of these have small flowers, some of the smallest in the family. The genus is widespread across Mexico, Central America, Cuba, and South America as far south as Bolivia, but infrequent in Brazil.

## Selected species

123 species are accepted. They include:
* Platystele acicularis
* Platystele calantha
* Platystele caudatisepala
* Platystele dasyglossa
* Platystele examen-culicum
* Platystele gaileana
* Platystele hirtzii
* Platystele jungermannioides
* Platystele microscopica
* Platystele misera
* Platystele ornata
* Platystele oxyglossa
* Platystele portillae
* Platystele posadarum
* Platystele pubescens
* Platystele reflexa
* Platystele resimula
* Platystele stenostachya
* Platystele umbellata
* Platystele viridis
* Platystele ximenae

## Images

* Platystele umbellata
* Unidentified Platystele
* Unidentified Platystele
# Salibi al-Zahir

Salibi al-Zahir (given name also spelled Sulaybi or Celebi) (died 1773) was the multazem (tax farmer) of Tiberias in the mid-18th century, during the Ottoman rule. He was appointed to the post by his father, Zahir al-Umar, the virtually autonomous ruler of northern Palestine. He was Zahir's eldest son and generally known to be his most loyal son. However, he did join his brothers Uthman, Ahmad and Sa'id in a rebellion against their father, in which they were defeated.
Salibi led a contingent of Zahir's troops to support Ali Bey al-Kabir's bid to regain control of Egypt from Abu al-Dhahab. However, Salibi and Ali Bey's troops were decisively defeated and Salibi was killed in battle. Zahir was distressed by the death of his son and upon hearing the news, he collapsed to the ground and exclaimed "From this day I am undone". Salibi was succeeded by his brother Ahmad al-Zahir as multazem of Tiberias.
# Charles Cheatham Cavanah

Charles Cheatham Cavanah (September 26, 1871 – June 30, 1953) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Idaho.

## Education and career

Cavanah was born on September 26, 1871, in Greensboro, North Carolina, to parents Frank and Larue (Cheatham) Cavanah. Frank Cavanah traveled to Idaho Territory that year to pursue mining interests in Rocky Bar and Hailey, and he remained in Idaho until his death in 1897. Larue Cavanah died in 1872, leaving the infant Charles in the care of family members. Cavanah attended public schools in North Carolina and in Texas, where he also worked as a store clerk. In 1892, he moved to Boise, Idaho, and became court crier of the Idaho Supreme Court. Cavanah read law in the office of William Borah, and he lived at the home of Judge Joseph W. Houston. After admission to the bar in 1895, Cavanah joined the partnership of Borah, Cavanah & Blake. Later, Cavanah became senior partner in Cavanah, Blake & McLane. In 1897, Cavanah was elected Boise city attorney, and in 1906 he was elected to represent Ada County, Idaho in the Idaho State Legislature.

## Federal judicial service

Cavanah was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge on December 22, 1926, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Idaho vacated by Judge Frank Sigel Dietrich. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 3, 1927, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on January 3, 1942. His service terminated on June 30, 1953, due to his death in Boise. He was married to Mildred Benzel Cavanah.
# Roy Laverne Stephenson

Roy Laverne Stephenson (March 14, 1917 – November 5, 1982) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa.

## Education and career

Born in Spirit Lake, Iowa, Stephenson graduated from high school in nearby Spencer, Iowa. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the State University of Iowa (now University of Iowa) in 1938, followed by a Juris Doctor from the State University of Iowa College of Law in 1940. He was a second lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve from 1938 to 1941, while serving in private practice in Mapleton, Iowa from 1940 to 1941. After the United States entered World War II, he served in North Africa and Italy with the 34th Infantry Division of the United States Army from 1941 to 1946, rising to the rank of captain. He was in private practice in Des Moines, Iowa from 1946 to 1953 until President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him to serve as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa, a position he held from 1953 to 1960. Before his appointment, while serving as chairman of the Polk County Republican Central Committee, Stephenson had been an early and active supporter of Eisenhower's candidacy.

## Federal judicial service

Stephenson was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on May 16, 1960, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa vacated by Judge Edwin Richley Hicklin. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26, 1960, and received his commission on May 31, 1960. He served as Chief Judge from 1961 to 1971. His service was terminated on July 6, 1971, due to his elevation to the Eighth Circuit.
Stephenson was nominated by President Richard Nixon on June 1, 1971, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit vacated by Judge Martin Donald Van Oosterhout. He was confirmed by the Senate on June 18, 1971, and received his commission on June 22, 1971. He assumed senior status on April 1, 1982. His service was terminated on November 5, 1982, due to his death.
# Paul Peter Rao

Paul Peter Rao (June 15, 1899 – November 30, 1988) was a judge of the United States Court of International Trade.

## Education and career

Born June 15, 1899, in Prizzi, Italy, Rao served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919. He received a Bachelor of Laws in 1923 from the Fordham University School of Law. He served as an Assistant District Attorney for New York County, New York from 1925 to 1927. He worked in private practice from 1927 to 1941. He was a candidate for Justice of the New York Supreme Court in 1941. He was the Assistant United States Attorney General in charge of customs from 1941 to 1948.

## Federal judicial service

Rao received a recess appointment from President Harry S. Truman on June 22, 1948, to a seat on the United States Customs Court vacated by Judge David Hayes Kincheloe. He was nominated to the same position by President Truman on January 13, 1949. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 31, 1949, and received his commission on February 2, 1949. Rao was initially appointed as a Judge under Article I, but the court was raised to Article III status by operation of law on July 14, 1956, and Rao thereafter served as an Article III Judge. He served as Chief Judge from 1965 to 1971. Rao was reassigned by operation of law to the United States Court of International Trade on November 1, 1980, to a new seat authorized by 94 Stat. 1727. His service terminated on November 30, 1988, due to his death in New York City. He was succeeded by Judge Richard W. Goldberg.
# Pseudalbizzia niopoides

Pseudabizzia niopoides is a species of flowering plant in the pea family (Fabaceae). It is a tree native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southern Mexico to northeastern Argentina, including the Leeward and Windward Islands in the Caribbean.
The tree is widely distributed across a large range, and has a large population. It is not threatened, and its conservation status is assessed as least concern.
Two varieties are accepted:
* Pseudalbizzia niopoides var. colombiana (Britton) E.J.M.Koenen & Duno (syn. Albizia colombiana Britton) – Colombia and Venezuela
* Pseudalbizzia niopoides var. niopoides – southern Mexico to northeastern Argentina, including the Leeward and Windward Islands
# Robert Hardy Cleland

Robert Hardy Cleland (born April 26, 1947) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Cleland was born in St. Clair, Michigan. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Michigan State University in 1969 and a Juris Doctor from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1972. He was in private practice in Port Huron, Michigan from 1972 to 1975. He was a county assistant prosecuting attorney of Port Huron from 1972 to 1980, serving as chief assistant from 1977 to 1980. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Saint Clair County, Michigan in 1980, and was re-elected twice, serving in that position from 1981 to 1990.

### Federal judicial service

On February 20, 1990, Cleland was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by Judge James Paul Churchill. Cleland was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 18, 1990, and received his commission on June 19, 1990. He assumed senior status on February 28, 2013.
# Edward McEntee

Edward Matthew McEntee (October 21, 1906 – February 14, 1981) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.

## Education and career

McEntee was born in Providence, Rhode Island, on October 21, 1906. He was educated at the College of the Holy Cross, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in 1928. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Boston University School of Law in 1933.
McEntee was in the private practice of law in Providence from 1933 to 1952. He was a Member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1935 to 1939. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of Rhode Island from 1940 to 1951. He was the United States Attorney for the District of Rhode Island from 1952 to 1953.

## Federal judicial service

McEntee was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 3, 1965, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit vacated by Judge Peter Woodbury. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 31, 1965, and received his commission on September 1, 1965. He assumed senior status on December 31, 1976. His service was terminated on February 14, 1981, due to his death.
# Henry Luesing Brooks

Henry Luesing Brooks (December 9, 1905 – December 30, 1971) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and previously a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky.

## Education and career

Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Brooks received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1927 and a Bachelor of Laws from the Jefferson School of Law (now the University of Louisville School of Law in 1929. He was in private practice in Louisville from 1929 to 1954. He was a United States Naval Reserve Lieutenant during World War II, from 1942 to 1945. He was a judge of the Jefferson County Circuit Court from 1946 to 1948, and was then a member of the faculty of the Jefferson School of Law from 1948 to 1952.

## Federal judicial service

On August 16, 1954, Brooks was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky created by 68 Stat. 8. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 18, 1954, and received his commission on August 21, 1954. He served as Chief Judge from 1960 to 1969. His service terminated on December 12, 1969, due to his elevation to the Sixth Circuit.
On August 13, 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Brooks for elevation to a new seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit created by 82 Stat. 184. The Senate confirmed Brooks to the Sixth Circuit on December 10, 1969, and he received his commission on December 11, 1969. Brooks served in that capacity until his death on December 30, 1971, in Louisville.
# Siphocampylus

Siphocampylus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae. There are approximately 221 species native to the Neotropical realm. Most grow in mountain habitat.
Species include:
* Siphocampylus affinis (Mirb.) McVaugh
* Siphocampylus asplundii Jeppesen
* Siphocampylus ecuadoriensis E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus fruticosus E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus furax E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus humboldtianus C.Presl ex A.DC.
* Siphocampylus loxensis (Willd. ex Schult.) Vatke ex E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus lucidus E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus rostratus E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus rupestris E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus scandens (Kunth) G.Don
* Siphocampylus sulfureus E.Wimm.
* Siphocampylus uncipes McVaugh
# Herbert William Christenberry

Herbert William Christenberry (December 11, 1897 – October 5, 1975) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

## Education and career

Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Christenberry attended New York University and was in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1918 during World War I. In 1924, he obtained a Bachelor of Laws from Loyola University New Orleans College of Law. He was in private practice in New Orleans from 1924 to 1933. He was an assistant attorney of the Board of Commissioners of the Port of New Orleans from 1933 to 1935. He was a deputy commissioner on the Louisiana Debt Moratorium Commission in 1935, and from 1935 to 1937 was an assistant district attorney of Orleans Parish. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1937 to 1942, and was then the United States Attorney for that district from 1942 to 1947.

## Federal judicial service

Christenberry was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on July 11, 1947, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana vacated by Judge Adrian Joseph Caillouet. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 18, 1947, and received his commission on December 20, 1947. He served as Chief Judge from 1949 to 1967. His service terminated on October 5, 1975, due to his death in Kentwood, Louisiana.
# Gus J. Solomon

Gus Jerome Solomon (August 29, 1906 – February 15, 1987) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.

## Education and career

Born in Portland, Oregon, Solomon was the child of immigrant Jewish parents, his father having been born in Romania and his mother in Russia. Solomon received a Bachelor of Philosophy degree from the University of Chicago in 1926 and a Bachelor of Laws from Stanford Law School in 1929. He was in private practice in Portland from 1929 to 1949, first individually and then in partnership with Raymond M. Kell. The Portland law firm of Kell, Alterman & Runstein traces its origin to his practice.

## Federal judicial service

On October 21, 1949, Solomon received a recess appointment from President Harry S. Truman to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Oregon created by 63 Stat. 493. Formally nominated to the same seat by President Truman on January 5, 1950, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 27, 1950, and received his commission on July 5, 1950. He served as Chief Judge from 1958 to 1971 and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1963 to 1965, assuming senior status on September 1, 1971 and serving in that capacity until his death on February 15, 1987.

## Honor

The Gus J. Solomon United States Courthouse was named in his honor.
# Dennis F. Donovan

Dennis Francis Donovan (April 9, 1889 – September 16, 1974) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota.

## Education and career

Born in Champion, Michigan, Donovan received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1913. He was in private practice in Duluth, Minnesota from 1914 to 1945.

## Federal judicial service

On June 1, 1945, Donovan was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota vacated by Judge George F. Sullivan. Donovan was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 17, 1945, and received his commission on July 18, 1945. He assumed senior status on December 31, 1965, serving in that capacity until his death on September 16, 1974, in Rochester, Minnesota.
# Herbert Wilson Erskine

Herbert Wilson Erskine (August 27, 1888 – March 18, 1951) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.

## Education and career

Born in San Francisco, California, Erskine received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1908 and was in private practice in San Francisco from 1909 to 1949. He was special counsel for the California Toll Bridge Authority from 1939 to 1940. He was a California commissioner to the Golden Gate International Exposition from 1939 to 1940.

## Federal judicial service

On January 13, 1949, Erskine was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of California vacated by Judge Adolphus Frederic St. Sure. Erskine was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 25, 1949, and received his commission on March 1, 1949. Erskine served in that capacity until his death, just over two years later on March 18, 1951.
# Wallace Samuel Gourley

Wallace Samuel Gourley (August 4, 1904 – September 23, 1976) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born in Wellsville, Ohio, Gourley received a Bachelor of Laws from Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1929. He was in private practice in Washington, Pennsylvania from 1929 to 1936. He was an Investigator for the Retail Credit Company (now Equifax) in Washington, Pennsylvania from 1929 to 1936. He was first assistant district attorney of Washington County, Pennsylvania from 1936 to 1944. He was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1941 to 1945.

## Federal judicial service

On November 2, 1945, Gourley was nominated by President Harry S. Truman to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, vacated by Judge Frederic Palen Schoonmaker. Gourley was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 20, 1945, and received his commission on November 29, 1945. He served as Chief Judge from 1951 to 1969 and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1968 to 1970, assuming senior status on August 4, 1969. Gourley served in that capacity until his death on September 23, 1976.
# Solomon H. Bethea

Solomon Hicks Bethea (May 18, 1852 – August 3, 1909) was an American attorney, politician and judge. He was appointed United States district judge for the Northern District of Illinois by Theodore Roosevelt. He also served as United States Attorney for the same district, was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for one term, and was Mayor of Dixon, Illinois.

## Career

Born in Lee County, Illinois, Bethea read law in 1876.
He was in private practice in Dixon, Illinois, from 1877 to 1898. He was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1882 to 1883 and Mayor of Dixon. He was the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois from 1899 to 1905.
Bethea was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on March 18, 1905, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated by Judge Christian Cecil Kohlsaat. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 18, 1905, and received his commission the same day.

## Death

Bethea died on August 3, 1909.
# Streptogyna

Streptogyna is a widespread genus of tropical plants in the grass family. It is the only genus in the monotypic tribe Streptogyneae.

## Species

* Streptogyna americana C.E.Hubb. - Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz), Central America, tropical South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Fr Guiana, Suriname), Trinidad
* Streptogyna crinita P.Beauv.
# Tournefortiopsis

Tournefortiopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It includes 12 species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from southeastern Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia.

## Species

12 species are accepted:
* Tournefortiopsis conferta (Benth.) Borhidi
* Tournefortiopsis crassifolia (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor & A.C.Berger
* Tournefortiopsis crispiflora (Vahl) Borhidi
* Tournefortiopsis cuatrecasasii (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor
* Tournefortiopsis dependens (Ruiz & Pav.) Borhidi
* Tournefortiopsis deviana C.M.Taylor
* Tournefortiopsis hirsuta (Ruiz & Pav.) Borhidi
* Tournefortiopsis reticulata Rusby
* Tournefortiopsis robusta C.M.Taylor
* Tournefortiopsis sopkinii C.M.Taylor
* Tournefortiopsis tamboana C.M.Taylor
* Tournefortiopsis torrana (C.M.Taylor) C.M.Taylor
# Benedictus Deus

Benedictus Deus may refer to:
* Benedictus Deus (Benedict XII), a papal bull of 1336
* Benedictus Deus (Pius IV), a papal bull of 1564
* Benedictus Deus (Benedict XIV), a papal bull of 1750
* Benedictus Deus, a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XVI in 1834 confirming the decisions on Roman Catholic diocesan boundaries in the United States decided by the Second Provincial Council of Baltimore