OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha

The Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha is the administrative head of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat. The secretary general is appointed by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha (Vice President of India). In Indian order of precedence, the post of secretary general is of the rank of Cabinet Secretary, who is the senior most bureaucrat in the Government of India.

## Role

As the administrative head of the Rajya Sabha secretariat, the secretary general exercises the power vested in the Chairman of Rajya Sabha, including the determination of the strength, method of recruitment and of qualifications for various categories of post. The secretary general exercises financial powers and initiates budget proposals relating to the Rajya Sabha. The secretary general is assisted by a hierarchy of officers as Secretary, Joint Secretaries and Directors, who with the help of subordinate officers perform the entire functions of the Secretariat.
It is the responsibility of the secretary general to summon each Member of Rajya Sabha to attend session of Parliament. When the President arrives to address Parliament, the secretary general along with Prime Minister, Vice President, Lok Sabha Speaker, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs receive the President at the gate of Parliament House and escorts the President to the Central Hall of the Parliament.
The secretary general prepares a list of business for each day of the session in Rajya Sabha. The secretary general signs messages to be sent from Rajya Sabha to Lok Sabha and reports to the house messages received from the Lok Sabha. For the elections of President and Vice President, Secretary General of Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha is appointed as returning officer along with one or more assistant returning officers.

## List of Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha

List of Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha :
| No. | Name | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office |
| No. | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | S. N. Mukherjee | 13 May 1952 | 8 October 1963 | 11 years, 148 days |
| 2 | B. N. Banerjee | 9 October 1963 | 31 March 1976 | 12 years, 174 days |
| 3 | S. S. Bhalerao | 1 April 1976 | 30 April 1981 | 5 years, 29 days |
| 4 | Sudarshan Agarwal | 1 May 1981 | 30 June 1993 | 12 years, 60 days |
| 5 | V. S. Ramadevi | 1 July 1993 | 25 July 1997 | 4 years, 24 days |
| 6 | S. S. Sohoni | 25 July 1997 | 2 October 1997 | 69 days |
| 7 | Ramesh Chandra Tripathi | 3 October 1997 | 31 August 2002 | 4 years, 332 days |
| 8 | Yogendra Narain | 1 September 2002 | 14 September 2007 | 5 years, 13 days |
| 9 | V. K. Agnihotri | 29 October 2007 | 30 September 2012 | 4 years, 337 days |
| 10 | Shumsher K. Sheriff | 1 October 2012 | 31 August 2017 | 4 years, 334 days |
| 11 | Desh Deepak Verma | 1 September 2017 | 31 August 2021 | 3 years, 364 days |
| 12 | P. P. K. Ramacharyulu | 1 September 2021 | 11 November 2021 | 71 days |
| 13 | Pramod Chandra Mody | 12 November 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 68 days |
# Elmhurst (Fredericksburg, Virginia)

Elmhurst is a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1871, and is a two-story, three-bay, double-pile, L-plan, brick dwelling in the Italianate style. It is topped by a hipped roof over a low-pitched, pyramidal and shed roof with a large belvedere and eaves supported by large, elaborate brackets. It has a 1+1⁄2-story kitchen wing added in 1900 and a 2+1⁄2-story addition and porch built between 1912 and 1921.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# Elmington (Powhatan, Virginia)

Elmington is a historic home located near Powhatan, Powhatan County, Virginia. It was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis (1803-1892) and built in 1858. It is a two-story, three-bay, brick dwelling. It has a gable roof with large overhanging bracketed eaves in the Italianate style. Later expansions of the home were not undertaken due to the American Civil War.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
# Elmonte

Elmonte, also known as Twilford, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a 2+1⁄2-story country house, built of random ashlar granite in the Italian villa style, and is thought to have been completed in 1858. To the rear of the mansion is a stuccoed carriage house with a two-car garage. East of the house is a large wooden barn with a slate roof and a log smokehouse. The home was built by a member of the Dorsey family, who also built nearby Dorsey Hall.
Elmonte was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Jariri school

The Jariri school is the name given to a short-lived Sunni school of fiqh that was derived from the work of al-Tabari, the 9th and 10th-century Persian Muslim scholar in Baghdad. Although it eventually became extinct, al-Tabari's madhhab flourished among Sunni ulama for two centuries after his death.

## Principles

University of Oxford lecturer Christopher Melchert describes the Jariri school as semi-rationalist, similar to the Shafi‘i school. It also shared features with the Ẓāhirī school in addition to the Shafi‘is. Al-Tabari was characterized by strong scriptural tendencies but from within a limited time frame. He appears, like Dawud al-Zahiri, to restrict consensus historically, defining it as the transmission by many authorities of reports on which the Sahaba agreed unanimously. Like Dawud al-Zahiri, he also held that consensus must be tied to a text and cannot be based on legal analogy. After quoting his sources—in his major works, he depended essentially on existing written works and reports—he gives what he considers to be the most acceptable view. However, his most notable difference with his contemporaries was his emphasis on Ijtihad and independent exercise of judgement. These views were shared by many influential scholars in history that reached the rank of Mujtahid (scholars who allowed to open their own Madhhab due to their knowledge vastness) such as Ibn Kathir, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Hazm, Bukhari, and Zahiri Maddhab scholars.
The Jariri school was frequently in conflict with the Hanafi school of Abu Hanifa. Conflict was found with the Hanafi school on the matter of juristic preference, which the Jariri school censured severely.
# Kis-My-1st

Kis-My-1st is the first album by Japanese boy group Kis-My-Ft2. The album has spawned three singles. The album's promotional tour ran between March 31 and June 3, 2012.

## Overview

Kis-My-1st is the first album by Kis-My-Ft2, released on March 28, 2012. It was released one week after the third single "She! Her! Her!" was released on March 21, 2012. With this album, their concert tour Kis-My-MiNT Tour was held from March 31, 2012.
The DVD for the first edition A includes the music videos of "Fire Beat" and "Inori", the making movie of the videos, and "Kis-My-Ft2 History."
The bonus CD for the first edition B's bonus CD "Kis-My-Zero" includes 8 songs from before their debut.
The booklet of the Kis-My Shop Limited Edition features a photo of the members at their pajama party, as seen on the jacket. In addition, a DVD containing the special video "Ashiato" and a stapler will be included as a bonus. In "Ashiato", each of the seven members talks about their past memories before their debut.

## Package specifications

* Regular edition (CD only)
* First edition A (CD, DVD)
* First edition B (CD, Special CD Kis-My-Zero)
* Kis-My-Ft2 SHOP limited edition (CD, Privilege).

## Charts

| Released | Oricon Chart | Peak | Debut sales | Sales total |
| March 28, 2012 | Daily Chart | 1 | 143,045 | 340,214 |
| March 28, 2012 | Weekly Chart | 1 | 253,807 | 340,214 |
| March 28, 2012 | Monthly Chart | 1 | 275,789 | 340,214 |

### Singles chart

| Song | Peak position |
| Song | JPN |
| "Everybody Go" | 1 |
| "We Never Give Up!" | 1 |
| "She! Her! Her!" | 1 |
# John Broden

John Edward Broden (born May 31, 1965) is an American politician and lawyer who is a current member of the Indiana Senate. A member of the Democratic Party, Broden was sworn into office on January 7, 2001. Broden serves Indiana's 10th Senate District, representing central St. Joseph County, Indiana.

## Early life, education and career

Born in South Bend, Indiana, Broden attended James Madison Elementary School and is the graduate of St. Joseph's High School. Broden attended the University of Notre Dame, where he received his Bachelor of Arts in Government in 1987. He went on to graduate from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, where he received his Juris Doctor in 1990.
After passing bar, Broden became a clerk for former Indiana Supreme Court Justice Roger O. DeBruler from 1990 to 1992. He then became the Assistant City Attorney for South Bend in 1992, until being elected to the South Bend Common Council in 1995. Broden served on the Common Council upon being appointed City Attorney of South Bend by Mayor Steve Luecke in 1998; serving as City Attorney until 2001.
Broden currently practices law with Leone, Halpin, and Konopinski, LLP, and was an adjunct professor at Indiana University-South Bend, where he taught Labor Studies. He currently serves on the board of directors for the South Bend Center for the Homeless and the REAL Services Organization. Broden also served as the Chairman of the St. Joseph County Democratic Party after the resignation of Butch Morgan in October 2011, before resigning in September 2013.
Broden first won election to the Indiana Senate on November 7, 2000, defeating Libertarian Matthew Wilken in the general election. Broden went on to win reelection in 2004 and 2008 in uncontested challenges in the general election, and defeated Republican Glenn Terry with 70% of the vote in 2012.

## Personal life

Broden resides in South Bend, Indiana with his wife Josephine and their three children John Jr, Lil Kev, and Ana Marie. Broden is a practicing Roman Catholic, and is a member of the Saint Augustine's Roman Catholic Parish and attends the Holy Cross Catholic Church.
# Deep Creek (Colorado River tributary)

Deep Creek is a tributary of the Colorado River in Garfield and Eagle counties, Colorado, U.S. It is notable for Deep Creek Canyon, a picturesque, remote, rugged, and deep canyon.

## Course

Deep Creek rises high in Colorado's White River Plateau in the White River National Forest northeast of the town of Carbonate, Colorado and west of Bison Lake. From there, it flows east and is impounded by Heart Lake Reservoir. Leaving the reservoir, it passes through Deep Lake and then flows generally southeast. It turns southernly through Deep Creek Canyon and then turns east and then southeast until its confluence with the Colorado River along Colorado River Road north of Dotsero.

## Deep Creek Canyon

The creek passes through a deep and picturesque canyon called Deep Creek Canyon. The creek descends nearly 4,300 feet (1,300 meters) from Deep Lake downstream to its confluence with the Colorado River.
There is a vertical a drop that forms a deep canyon with vertical cliffs and slopes that make up the canyon walls. The most common way to observe the canyon, given its inaccessibility, is from the Deep Creek Overlook, located 2,300 feet (700 meters) above the floor of the canyon along Coffee Pot Road. A 2015 report found that the portion of the creek that flows through the canyon is "suitable for inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic River System (listings maintained by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior)." However, the creek canyon has not gained any new official recognition, but advocacy groups, such as American Rivers, continue to draw attention to Deep Creek Canyon, hoping that the United States Congress will eventually preserve and declare it a Wild and Scenic River.

## Deep Creek Day Use Area

Most of the creek lies within the White River National Forest, but the section of the creek between Deep Creek canyon and the creek's mouth is owned and managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The agency manages a day use area that offers fishing, wildlife viewing, and camping.
# Chiral polytope

In the study of abstract polytopes, a chiral polytope is a polytope that is as symmetric as possible without being mirror-symmetric, formalized in terms of the action of the symmetry group of the polytope on its flags.

## Definition

The more technical definition of a chiral polytope is a polytope that has two orbits of flags under its group of symmetries, with adjacent flags in different orbits. This implies that it must be vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, and face-transitive, as each vertex, edge, or face must be represented by flags in both orbits; however, it cannot be mirror-symmetric, as every mirror symmetry of the polytope would exchange some pair of adjacent flags.
For the purposes of this definition, the symmetry group of a polytope may be defined in either of two different ways: it can refer to the symmetries of a polytope as a geometric object (in which case the polytope is called geometrically chiral) or it can refer to the symmetries of the polytope as a combinatorial structure (the automorphisms of an abstract polytope). Chirality is meaningful for either type of symmetry but the two definitions classify different polytopes as being chiral or nonchiral.

## Geometrically chiral polytopes

Geometrically chiral polytopes are relatively exotic compared to the more ordinary regular polytopes. It is not possible for a geometrically chiral polytope to be convex, and many geometrically chiral polytopes of note are skew.

### In three dimensions

In three dimensions, it is not possible for a geometrically chiral polytope to have finitely many finite faces. For instance, the snub cube is vertex-transitive, but its flags have more than two orbits, and it is neither edge-transitive nor face-transitive, so it is not symmetric enough to meet the formal definition of chirality. The quasiregular polyhedra and their duals, such as the cuboctahedron and the rhombic dodecahedron, provide another interesting type of near-miss: they have two orbits of flags, but are mirror-symmetric, and not every adjacent pair of flags belongs to different orbits. However, despite the nonexistence of finite chiral three-dimensional polyhedra, there exist infinite three-dimensional chiral skew polyhedra of types {4,6}, {6,4}, and {6,6}.

### In four dimensions

In four dimensions, there are a geometrically chiral finite polytopes. One example is Roli's cube, a skew polytope on the skeleton of the 4-cube.
# Counting quantification

A counting quantifier is a mathematical term for a quantifier of the form "there exists at least k elements that satisfy property X". In first-order logic with equality, counting quantifiers can be defined in terms of ordinary quantifiers, so in this context they are a notational shorthand. However, they are interesting in the context of logics such as two-variable logic with counting that restrict the number of variables in formulas. Also, generalized counting quantifiers that say "there exists infinitely many" are not expressible using a finite number of formulas in first-order logic.

## Definition in terms of ordinary quantifiers

Counting quantifiers can be defined recursively in terms of ordinary quantifiers.
Let $\exists _{=k}$ denote "there exist exactly $k$". Then
    ${\begin{aligned}\exists _{=0}xPx&\leftrightarrow \neg \exists xPx\\\exists _{=k+1}xPx&\leftrightarrow \exists x(Px\land \exists _{=k}y(Py\land y\neq x))\end{aligned}}$
Let $\exists _{\geq k}$ denote "there exist at least $k$". Then
    ${\begin{aligned}\exists _{\geq 0}xPx&\leftrightarrow \top \\\exists _{\geq k+1}xPx&\leftrightarrow \exists x(Px\land \exists _{\geq k}y(Py\land y\neq x))\end{aligned}}$
# Camino Real League

The Camino Real League is a high school athletic league that is part of the CIF Southern Section.

## Member schools

* Bishop Montgomery High School (Torrance)
* Cantwell-Sacred Heart of Mary High School (Montebello)
* La Salle College Preparatory (Pasadena)
* St. Genevieve High School (Panorama City)
* St. Mary's Academy (Inglewood)
* St. Monica Catholic High School (Santa Monica)
* St. Pius X - St. Matthias Academy (Downey)
* Salesian High School (Boyle Heights)

## Popular culture

* In the film Gridiron Gang, the team of the Juvenile detention center "Mustangs" played against the teams of a fictionalised Camino Real League.
# Serratiopeptidase

Serratiopeptidase (Serratia E-15 protease, also known as serralysin, serrapeptase, serratiapeptase, serratia peptidase, serratio peptidase, or serrapeptidase) is a proteolytic enzyme (protease) produced by enterobacterium Serratia sp. E-15, now known as Serratia marcescens ATCC 21074. This microorganism was originally isolated in the late 1960s from silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) intestine. Serratiopeptidase is present in the silkworm intestine and allows the emerging moth to dissolve its cocoon. Serratiopeptase is produced by purification from culture of Serratia E-15 bacteria. It is a member of the Peptidase M10B (Matrixin) family.

## Health claims

Some alternative medicine proponents claim that serratiopeptidase is beneficial for pain and inflammation but "existing trials [have been] small and generally of poor methodological quality." Online medical journal Bandolier (specializing in evidence-based thinking about healthcare) published an article (in about 2001) in response to a reader's enquiry about serratiopeptidase. After searching PubMed and the Cochrane Library "to see if there are any randomised, controlled trials", the article stated that the "evidence on serratiopeptidase being effective for anything is not based on a firm foundation of clinical trials."
The search found 34 publications in the medical databases covered that addressed the efficacy of serratiopeptidase, of which several were found to be animal experiments, personal letters, uncontrolled trials or those with inadequate or nonexistent randomisation. The article warned against ignoring safety issues with use of biological agents. No studies were found to have been conducted on the efficacy of serratiopeptidase as treatment for back pain, heart attack, stroke, or asthma. Of the 10 medical conditions with randomized-evidence studies on file in connection with serratiopeptidase, the quality or construction of the trial studies was described as "generally poor".
# Crow foot

Crow foot, crow's foot, crow's feet or crowfoot may refer to:

## People

* Crowfoot (1830–1890), First Nations chief, of the Blackfoot
* Crow Foot (1873–1890), Native American of the Sioux
* John Winter Crowfoot (1873–1959), British archaeologist
* Bert Crowfoot (born 1954), Canadian journalist, photographer and television producer

## Places

* Crowfoot, New Jersey, an unincorporated community, US

### Canada

* Crowfoot Mountain (Alberta), Canadian Rockies, Alberta
** Crowfoot Glacier
* Crowfoot (electoral district), an electoral district in Alberta
* Crowfoot station, a light rail station in Calgary, Alberta

## Science and technology

* Crow's foot notation, a set of symbols used to show relationships in a relational database management system
* Crowfoot wrench
* Crow's feet, a name for wrinkles in the outer corner of the eyes resulting from aging

### Plants

* Cranesbill, or wild geranium
* Cardamine concatenata, crow's foot toothwort
* Eleusine indica, crow's foot grass
* Erodium spp.
* Crow's foot violet, two species of violets; See List of Viola species
* Water crowfoot, several Ranunculus species
* Diphasiastrum digitatum, crowsfoot

## Other uses

* Crowfoot (band), a 1970s-era California-based rock band
* Crow's-foot stitch, a kind of embroidery stitch
* Caltrop, an archaic anti-personnel weapon
* Broad arrow or pheon, a marker for British or British Empire government property
* Algiz or Elhaz, a Proto-Germanic rune
# 1968 Virginia Cavaliers football team

The 1968 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. Led by fourth-year head coach George Blackburn, the Cavaliers compiled an overall record of 7–3 with a mark of 4–2 in conference play, placing third in the ACC. The team played home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia.
The 1966 was the program's first winning season since 1952, and Cavaliers' performance in conference play was their best since joining the ACC in 1954. The team's star was running back Frank Quayle, who set the conference single-season rushing record with 1,213 yards and was named ACC Player of the Year. Blackburn was named ACC Coach of the Year.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 21 | at No. 1 Purdue* | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | L 6–44 | 60,384 |
| September 28 | VMI* | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA | W 47–0 | 24,000 |
| October 5 | Davidson* | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA | W 41–14 | 16,500 |
| October 12 | at Duke | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC | W 50–20 | 22,000 |
| October 19 | at NC State | Carter StadiumRaleigh, NC | L 0–19 | 22,800 |
| October 26 | at Navy | Navy–Marine Corps Memorial StadiumAnnapolis, MD | W 24–0 | 26,127 |
| November 2 | South Carolina | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA | L 28–49 | 25,600 |
| November 9 | at North Carolina | Kenan Memorial StadiumChapel Hill, NC (South's Oldest Rivalry) | W 41–6 | 23,000 |
| November 16 | Tulane* | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA | W 63–47 | 14,500 |
| November 23 | Maryland | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA (rivalry) | W 28–23 | 18,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Baburao Narsingrao Kokate (Adaskar)

Baburao Narsingrao Kokate (Adaskar) (died 2016) was an Indian politician from Maharashtra and a member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected in 1972 as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra from Kaij and also in 1978 from Chausala constituency in Beed district.
# Hospitality suite

A hospitality suite is a room or suite of rooms in a hotel or convention center, provided during a convention or conference, in order for a business, candidate, or organization to meet and entertain current or potential clients, supporters, etc. providing free refreshments and a place for guests or visitors to rest and to mingle and network during the quiet times of an event such as between or after sessions.
At science fiction conventions, this is paid for by the convention, and is known as a consuite or con suite.
Some destination weddings include a hospitality suite, where wedding guests can come for refreshments and information.
# Temple Tower (novel)

Temple Tower was the sixth Bulldog Drummond novel. It was published in 1929 and written by H. C. McNeile under the pen name Sapper. It was adapted into the 1930 film Temple Tower.
# Ely Homestead

Ely Homestead is a historic home located in Fairfield Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. It was built in 1847, and is a two-story, Federal style brick dwelling, with a one-story wing. It was restored in 1972. The surrounding property is a contributing site.$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# Taps (2006 film)

Taps is a 2006 short film. The film was screened at the 2006 Rhode Island Film Festival. It was directed by Vincent Versace and starred Ben Kurland, Karim Muasher, Ina Marie Smith, and Vincent Versace. A surprise at the festival, the film won first prize in the best short category.

## Plot

The draft has been reinstated, and on the night before being shipped off to war, Robbie and his friends share one last night together. The only problem is, that the big secret his best friend Jon and his ex-girlfriend Jen have been keeping from him is revealed by their other friend, Moose. With only hours remaining, they must resolve their differences before Robbie leaves them, what may be for good.

## Cast

* Ben Kurland - Jon
* Karim Muasher - Moose
* Ina Marie Smith - Jen
* Vincent Versace - Robbie
* Holly Adams - Maria
* George Sapio - Wayne
* Wyeth Uhler - Young Jon
* Eli Bolton - Young Moose
* Troy Uhler - Young Robbie
* Joseph Versace - TV Debater (voice)

## Awards and nominations

* Won - First Prize, Best Short Film, 2006 Rhode Island Film Festival
* Nominated - Best Screenplay, 2006 Rhode Island Film Festival