# Cyparissos Stephanos

Kyparissos Stefanos (Greek: Κυπάρισσος Στέφανος; May 11, 1857 - December 27, 1917) was a Greek author, mathematician, and professor. He was a pioneer in 20th century projective geometry. He studied with Vassilios Lakon. Stefanos furthered his studies in France following the same path of Timoleon Argyropoulos, Dimitrios Stroumpos, and Vassilios Lakon. In France, Stefanos studied with Jean Gaston Darboux, Camille Jordan, and Charles Hermite. Jean Gaston Darboux was his doctoral advisor. He wrote articles in the fields of mathematical analysis, higher algebra, theoretical mechanics, and topology. He published around twenty-five original works in European journals. He is known for introducing Desmic system.
He received his PhD in 1878 from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. In 1879 he became a member of l'Société mathématique de France. In the early 1880s he studied mathematics in Paris and published many papers in various journals. He returned to Greece and in 1884 was appointed honorary professor and in 1890 regular professor at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He was also a professor at the National Technical University of Athens and the Hellenic Naval Academy. Stefanos was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1897 at Zurich, in 1900 at Paris, in 1904 at Heidelberg, in 1908 at Rome, and in 1912 at Cambridge (England).

## History

Stefanos was born on the island of Kea, where his father worked as a school teacher. His brother was Clon Stefanos [el], a noted anthropologist. Kyparissos went to school in Syros and pursued studies at the University of Athens. He was awarded a PhD in mathematics in 1878. Stefanos also traveled to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne. His doctoral advisor was Jean Gaston Darboux. He also studied with world-renowned mathematicians Camille Jordan, and Charles Hermite. He obtained a doctorate from the Sorbonne in 1880. His dissertation was On the Theory of Binary Forms and Elimination (Sur la Theorie des Formes Binaires et sur l'Elimination).
While Stefanos was in Paris he met Hermann Schwarz. The two discussed Karl Weierstrass's hypercomplex numbers theorem. In 1883, Stefanos proved that the theorem fails when three-dimensional hypercomplex numbers are applied. Stefanos returned to Athens in 1884. He became professor at the University of Athens. He also taught at the elite National Technical University of Athens and Evelpidon. He was the rector of the University of Athens 1908-1909.
He represented Greece in countless international mathematical congresses. He was a member of various mathematical societies. He was the founder of the agricultural society. He was the founder and director of the first school of commerce in Athens. He co-founded the Athens Forestry Preservation Society (Φιλοδασικής Εταιρείας) and the Society of Commerce. He was also the organizer and president of the teachers association in Athens.

## Literary works

Books and Articles authored by Kyparissos Stefanos :
| Date | Title | Title in English |
| 1879 | Sur les Systèmes Desmiques de Trois Tétraèdres | On the Desmic system of Three Tetrahedrons |
| 1881 | Sur une Configuration Remarquable de Cercles Dans L'Espaces | The Configuration of Circles in Space |
| 1882 | Sur l’ Intégration d’ une Function Rationnelle Homogéne | Integration of a Homogeneous Rational Function |
| 1883 | Sur la Théorie des Formes Binaires et Sur l'Èlimination | Theory of Binary Forms and Elimination |
| 1883 | Sur les Relations Qui Existent Entre les Convariants et les Invariants de Caractére Pair d’ Une Forme Binaire du Sixiéme Ordre | On the Relations that Exist Between the Convariants and the Even-Character Invariants of a Sixth-Order Binary Form. |
| 1883 | Sur le Systéme Complet des Combinants de Deux Formes Binaires Biquadratiques | On the Complete System of Combinations of two Forms Biquadratic Binaries |
| 1883 | Sur un Probléme de la Theorie d’ Èlimination | Theory of Elimination |
| 1900 | Sur une Extension du Calcul des Substitutions Linéaires | Extension of Calculus Linear Substitution |
| 1906 | Sur les Forces Donnant Lieu à des Trajectories Coniques | The Forces giving Rise to Conical Trajectories |