OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 12-bit computing

In computer architecture, 12-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 12 bits (1.5 octets) wide. Also, 12-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.
Before the widespread adoption of ASCII in the late 1960s, six-bit character codes were common and a 12-bit word, which could hold two characters, was a convenient size. This also made it useful for storing a single decimal digit along with a sign. Possibly the best-known 12-bit CPUs are the PDP-8 and its descendants (such as the Intersil 6100 microprocessor), which were produced in various forms from August 1963 to mid-1990. Many analog to digital converters (ADCs) have a 12-bit resolution. Some PIC microcontrollers use a 12-bit instruction word but handle only 8-bit data.
12 binary digits, or 3 nibbles (a 'tribble'), have 4096 (10000 octal, 1000 hexadecimal) distinct combinations. Hence, a microprocessor with 12-bit memory addresses can directly access 4096 words (4 kW) of word-addressable memory. IBM System/360 instruction formats use a 12-bit displacement field which, added to the contents of a base register, can address 4096 bytes of memory in a region that begins at the address in the base register.

## List of 12-bit computer systems

* Digital Equipment Corporation
** PDP-5
** PDP-8
*** DECmate, a personal computer based on the Intersil 6100
** PDP-12
** PDP-14
* Ford EEC I automotive engine control unit
** Toshiba TLCS-12 microprocessor
* Intersil IM6100 microprocessor (PDP-8-compatible)
* Control Data Corporation
** CDC 160 series computers
** CDC 6600 - Peripheral Processor (PP)
* National Cash Register NCR 315
* Scientific Data Systems SDS 92
* Nuclear Data, Inc. ND812
* PC12 minicomputer
* Ferranti Argus
* LINC, later commercialized by DEC as the LINC-8
# Liski, Voronezh Oblast

Liski (Russian: Ли́ски) is a town and the administrative center of Liskinsky District in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. Population: 54,147 (2021 Census); 55,864 (2010 Census); 55,893 (2002 Census); 54,039 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Liski was founded as Novaya Pokrovka (Новая Покровка) in 1571. The town later merged with the local train station Liski in 1928.
It was renamed Svoboda (Свобода) in 1943, and after a period again as Liski.
It was renamed Georgiu-Dezh (Георгиу-Деж) in 1965 for the first Romanian communist leader, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, before returning to Liski again in 1990.
On 16 January 2025, during the Russo-Ukrainian War, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces claimed to have struck an oil depot located in the town with at least 3 drones. On January 20 the oil depot was struck by drones again, causing an extensive fire detected by NASA's FIRMS.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Liski serves as the administrative center of Liskinsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with the khutor of Kalach in Liskinsky District, is incorporated within Liskinsky District as Liski Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Liskinsky Municipal District.
# Karachi Bakery

Karachi Bakery is a chain of Indian retail bakeries. It was established in Hyderabad in 1953, with the opening of its first bakery in Moazzam Jahi Market. It bakes fruit biscuits, Dil Kush and Plum Cake.
Apart from Hyderabad, Karachi Bakery also has outlets in Bengaluru, Chennai and Delhi. The chain also exports a selection of their products to other countries, including Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Africa and the Middle East.

## History

Karachi Bakery was founded in 1953 by Khanchand Ramnani, a Sindhi Hindu migrant who moved to Hyderabad from Karachi during the partition of India in 1947. The bakery was named after the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Ramnani opened the first Karachi Bakery of Hyderabad next to Seena Bakery in Moazzam Jahi Market.
In 2019, a violent mob in Bengaluru protested outside an outlet of Karachi Bakery and forced it to cover up the ‘Karachi’ part in its signboard in the aftermath of the Pulwama attack.
# Honored Cultural Worker of Azerbaijan

“Honored culture worker” (Azerbaijani: Əməkdar mədəniyyət işçisi) is a state honorary title of decoration awarded by Azerbaijan an honorary title given by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on approval of the Regulations on Honorary Titles of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

## Conditions

The honorary title of the Republic of Azerbaijan was given by the President of the Republic with the submission of the National Assembly or the Cabinet of Azerbaijan to qualified employees of organizations and institutions worked in art, culture, education, editorial offices of newspaper and magazine, multimedia enterprises, radio and television, persons who have amateur talent activities and other employees of cultural institutions and organizations.
The Honorary Title Certificate and its badge are presented in the ceremonial and public place by the President of Azerbaijan. Citizens who are awarded honorary titles of the Republic of Azerbaijan wear the badge on the left chest.
This honorary title is given to citizens of Azerbaijan as well as foreigners. They have to have worked in this field at least 20 years. It is not given to a person for the second time.
A person awarded the honorary title may be deprived of the honorary title in the case of:
* conviction for a serious crime;
* committing an offense that tarnishes the honorary title.
# Titi Lamositele

Titi Lamositele (born February 11, 1995) is an American-Samoan rugby union player who plays at prop for Harlequins. He formerly played for the United States national team, before switching to play for Samoa in 2023.

## Club career

Lamositele made his professional debut on March 22, 2015, playing 9 minutes off the bench for Saracens in an LV= Cup loss to Exeter Chiefs. He helped Saracens win the European Champions Cup in 2017 and 2019, featuring in both finals.
On 20 February 2020, Lamositele signed for French giants Montpellier in the Top 14 ahead of the 2020–21 season.
On 15 May 2024, Lamositele signed for Premiership club Harlequins ahead of the 2024-25 season.

## International career

Lamositele debuted for the U.S. in 2013. Lamositele scored his first try for the United States in the 2015 Pacific Nations Cup against Samoa. Lamositele played for the U.S. at the 2015 and 2019 Rugby World Cups.
In 2023 Lamositele debut for Samoa in the Pacific Nations Cup, switching nations due to World Rugbys Eligibility law change.

## Honours
### Saracens

* Premiership Rugby: 3 (2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19)
* European Rugby Champions Cup: 3 (2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19)
* Anglo-Welsh Cup: 1 (2014–15)

### Montpellier Hérault

* Top 14: 1 (2021–22)
* European Rugby Challenge Cup: 1 (2020–21)
# Jan Verhaas

Jan Verhaas (Dutch pronunciation:; born 5 October 1966) is a Dutch snooker and pool referee. He was born in Maassluis, South Holland, and now lives in Brielle. He is 198 cm (6 ft 6 in) tall.

## Career

After working as a process operator for Shell Chemicals, Verhaas qualified as a class 1 snooker referee in 1990. In 1989 he had been helping at tournaments at a friend's snooker club in Rotterdam, when referee Michael Clarke advised him about refereeing and encouraged him to qualify.
His first professional match as a snooker referee was in 1993 (between Tony Drago and Steve Davis). In 2003 he became the first man from outside the United Kingdom to referee the final of the World Snooker Championship, and he refereed the 2006 World Final between Peter Ebdon and Graeme Dott. Verhaas was in control of all three Masters finals which the late Paul Hunter won, and he describes them as his most memorable matches.
During his time as a snooker referee, Verhaas has occasionally been involved in controversy. On 21 January 2007, he was the referee of the final of the Masters between Ronnie O'Sullivan and Ding Junhui, in which he ejected at least one fan from Wembley Arena for heckling the 19-year-old Chinese player. On 19 January 2012, at the Masters, Verhaas mistakenly stopped Graeme Dott in the middle of a break to adjust the score, before realising he made an error and the score was in fact correct. After apologising to Dott, the player then missed his next shot and went on to lose the frame, and the match.
Verhaas has been in charge of eight tournament matches that have contained maximum breaks. He played a notable role in Ronnie O'Sullivan's record 10th maximum break on 20 September 2010 at the World Open. After finding out that there was no special prize for completing a 147, O'Sullivan shook hands with opponent Mark King after potting the last pink. Verhaas, however, persuaded O'Sullivan to pot the last black and finish his break.
For several years he also refereed nine-ball pool tournaments organised by Matchroom Sport. This included several appearances at the Mosconi Cup and the initial Matchroom-organised 1999 World Professional Pool Championship, which was won by Efren Reyes.
He was elected as a board member of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association in 2016 but lost his bid for re-election three years later.

## Major finals

* World Championship – 2003, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2017
* UK Championship – 2005, 2006, 2008, 2015
* Masters – 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2019
# Rakowiec, Tczew County

Rakowiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Gniew, 38 km (24 mi) south of Tczew, and 68 km (42 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.
Rakowiec was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tczew County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
# Manabu Miyazaki

Manabu Miyazaki (宮崎 学, Miyazaki Manabu, 25 October 1945 – 30 March 2022) was a Japanese writer, social critic and public figure. He is the author of several best-selling books in Japan. His autobiography Toppamono sold 600,000 copies and has since been translated into English.
In 1985, Miyazaki was named by the Tokyo police as the prime suspect in the Glico Morinaga case, a 17-month saga of kidnapping and corporate extortion. He was later cleared.

## Translated works

* Miyazaki, Manabu (2005). Toppamono: Outlaw. Radical. Suspect. My Life in Japan's Underworld. Tokyo: Kotan Publishing. ISBN 0970171625. OCLC 823709000.
# Lars Nielsen (rower)

Lars Nielsen (born 3 November 1960 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish rower. He represented to rowing club Roforeningen KVIK.
At the 1984 Olympics he won bronze medals in coxless four rowing together with Michael Jessen, Per Rasmussen and Erik Christiansen. They were beaten by New Zealand, who won gold medals and USA who won silver.
# Arno Arts

Arnoldus ("Arno") Johannes Theodorus Arts (born 26 June 1969) is a Dutch football coach and former player who played as a midfielder. He is currently the assistant coach of FC Utrecht's under-19 team.

## Playing career

Arno Arts, born on 26 June 1969 in the working-class neighborhood Het Vilje in Groesbeek, began his football journey playing street football before joining the local club Achilles '29 at the age of eight. At 16, he was scouted by Ger Reijnen and moved to NEC, where he made his professional debut on 17 August 1986 in a match against DS '79.
Arts enjoyed a distinguished career, playing for several clubs, including Swiss side FC Luzern, Twente, Cambuur, Willem II, Utrecht, and VVV-Venlo. He competed in European football with Twente, Willem II, and Utrecht, and had a particularly successful spell at Willem II, where he played in the UEFA Champions League and served as the club's long-time captain.
In total, Arts played 543 league matches, scoring 106 goals. Including European and cup competitions, his career tallied 655 appearances and 125 goals. His achievements included winning the Swiss Cup with FC Luzern.

## Coaching career

In 2008, Arts began a career in coaching, spending five years at the NEC/FC Oss academy, including four years with the under-19s and one with the under-17 team. Starting in the 2015–16 season, he coached JVC Cuijk in the Sunday Topklasse, signing a two-year contract in December 2014. Concurrently, he worked as a technical trainer at Willem II. However, he was dismissed by JVC Cuijk on 23 February 2016, and his contract with Willem II ended that summer.
In February 2018, Arts was appointed head coach of Achilles '29 for the remainder of the 2017–18 season, during which the team was relegated from the Tweede Divisie. In September 2018, he successfully sued the club to enforce the continuation of his contract as head coach.
From the 2019–20 season, Arts coached SV DFS and Jong Willem II. In the 2020–21 season, he managed VV Rood Wit [nl] from Breedeweg.
In January 2022, Arts joined Utrecht as a youth coach, and since held various positions within the club's academy.

## Personal life

His biography, Linkspoot, van 't Vilje tot Champions League, was published in October 2021.

## Honours

FC Luzern
* Swiss Cup: 1991–92
Utrecht
* KNVB Cup: 2002–03
# Yash Gupta

Yash Gupta (born 1 December 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 28 February 2021, for Hyderabad in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy.
Born to Ajay and Smita Gupta, Yash also has an older sister Akshitha Gupta, founder and owner of Urban Binge.
# Volcán Siete Orejas

Volcán Siete Orejas (Mam: Wuq Xinkan) is a stratovolcano in Guatemala located within the Quetzaltenango Department, in the municipalities of Quetzaltenango, Concepción Chiquirichapa, La Esperanza, and San Martin Sacatepequez. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas.

## Geography

The volcano has 7 peaks, set around a large crater of which the southern side appears to have collapsed. The highest peaks are located on the north-west side and have an elevation of 3,370 metres (11,060 ft) and 3,157 metres (10,358 ft).
The U-shaped volcanic edifice opens south towards the coastal piedmont, creating both cold and temperate climatic zones within a relatively small area. Within the edifice are hot springs as well as the headwaters of the rio Ocosito which flows into the Pacific Ocean.

## Ecological significance

The volcano forms part of the Sierra Madre, hosting an abundance of endemic species such as the endangered Guatemalan Fir or "Pinabete" (Abies guatemalensis) and forming an integral part of one of the largest contiguous biological corridors of southwestern Guatemala. Bird species include the pink-headed warbler, black-capped siskin, highland guan, rufous-collared robin, white-breasted hawk, and rufous-browed wren.

## Cultural significance

The volcano's ridgeline houses over 18 Mayan ceremonial altars, most of which are still actively used by local Mayan priests. The name Siete Orejas originates from the local name in the Mam language: Wuq Xinkan. According to locals, this name originated from a legend about a large boulder on one of the peaks.

## Recreational opportunities

On clear days the ridgeline of the volcano has wide views of the surrounding area, from the city of Quetzaltenango, to San Marcos and the coastal piedmont, including views of volcanoes Santa Maria, Santiaguito, Tajumulco, and Tacana. In 2009 the municipality of Concepción Chiquirichapa founded the Regional Ecological Park "Cacique Dormido" which offers hiking, camping, bird-watching, and cultural tours on the volcano.

## Gallery

* Looking from the ridgeline down into the old volcanic edifice, with the peak of Volcan Santa Maria in the background.
* Volcán Siete Orejas as seen from the NE.
* Animated 3D view of the Siete Orejas and Santa María volcanoes (click to see animation).
# Iva Prandzheva

Iva Prandzheva (Bulgarian: Ива Пранджева, born 15 February 1972 in Plovdiv) is a former Bulgarian athlete who was successful in both long jump and triple jump. She had to retire from athletics in 2000 after she was caught doping for the second time and was subsequently banned for life.
Her best performance came at the 1995 World Championships where she won a silver medal jumping 15.18 metres, a personal best. The winner of the event, Inessa Kravets, set a new world record (15.50 metres) which stands until 2021.
Prandzheva competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, but failed a blood drug test testing positive to Methandrostenolone and was banned for two years. She came back after the ban and qualified for the 2000 Summer Olympics, but was caught doping again. This time she tested positive for the anabolic steroid Nandrolone and she was subsequently banned from sports for life.
She competed in Survivor BG 2009 and was both the Runner - Up and Main Antagonist.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Bulgaria ||||||
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 1st | Long jump | 6.53 m (wind: +1.3 m/s) |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 3rd | Triple jump | 14.23 m |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 8th | Long jump | 6.56 m (wind: 1.1 m/s) |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | — | Triple jump | NM |
| 1995 | World Indoor Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | Triple jump | 14.71 m |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 2nd | Triple jump | 15.18 m |
| 1996 | European Indoor Championships | Stockholm, Sweden | 1st | Triple jump | 14.54 m |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | DSQ (steroids) | Triple jump | |
| 1999 | World Indoor Championships | Maebashi, Japan | 2nd | Triple jump | 14.94 m |
| 1999 | World Indoor Championships | Maebashi, Japan | 3rd | Long jump | 6.78 m |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | 3rd | Triple jump | 14.63 m |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent, Belgium | 3rd | Long jump | 6.80 m |
# Lerika

Valeriya Andreyevna Engalycheva (Russian: Валерия Андреевна Енгалычева; Romanian: Valeria Engalîceva; born 7 April 1999), known professionally as Lerika (Russian: Лерика), is a Moldovan-Russian singer and songwriter. She represented Moldova in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "No-No", and Russia in the 2012 contest with "Sensatsiya". This made her the second Junior Eurovision Song Contest entrant to compete twice (the first being Russia in 2009 and 2011 with Ekaterina Ryabova), and the first to represent two different countries.

## Life and work

Engalycheva was born in Olomouc, in the Czech Republic, to a Russian family. She first began singing at the age of four. She moved to Moldova at a young age, where her grandmother lived, and then moved to Russia with her family at age 13, settling in Moscow. Throughout her childhood, Engalycheva participated in a number of European singing competitions, including Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk, Orpheus in Italy, New Wave Junior, and Kinotavrik.
At age 12, Engalycheva was selected to represent Moldova at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Yerevan, with the song "No-No". She ultimately placed sixth, earning 78 points; this became Moldova's most successful participation in the contest to date. After moving to Russia in 2012, Engalycheva competed in the Russian national final for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Amsterdam, with the song "Sensatsiya". She went on to win the competition, earning the right to represent Russia; this made Engalycheva the second artist to compete at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest twice, and the first to represent two different countries. She ultimately placed fourth, receiving 88 points.
Engalycheva studied at Moscow Art Theatre School, where she graduated in 2023. She speaks Russian, English, Romanian, and French, and has released music in Russian, English, and Romanian.
In 2022 Engalycheva was a contestant on the tenth season of Vocea României (The Voice of Romania). As part of Irina Rimes's team, she got to the Battles round, before being eliminated.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | English Translation | Album |
| 2009 | "Pogoda razgulyalasy" (Погода разгулялась) | Weather cleared up | Non-album singles |
| 2009 | "Enigma lumini" | Enigma lights | Non-album singles |
| 2011 | "No-No" | — | Non-album singles |
| 2012 | "Sensatsiya" (Сенсация) | Sensation | Non-album singles |
| 2013 | "Lyubov" (Любовь) | Love | Non-album singles |
| 2013 | "Moy okean" (Мой океан) | My ocean | Non-album singles |
| 2014 | "Serdtse znayet" (Сердце знает) | The heart knows | Non-album singles |
# Jandro (footballer, born 1979)

Alejandro Castro Fernández (born 27 February 1979), known as Jandro, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, currently a manager.
He appeared in 331 Segunda División matches over 11 seasons, scoring a total of 73 goals for Celta, Albacete, Alavés, Gimnàstic, Elche and Girona. In La Liga, other than the first and the third clubs, he also played with Valencia.

## Playing career

Jandro was born in Mieres, Asturias. A product of Valencia CF's youth system, he played three times for the first team in a three-year span (with a stint at CD Numancia in between, where he did not appear). Subsequently, he had another La Liga spell with RC Celta de Vigo, featuring sparingly over two seasons and also serving a loan.
After helping Celta regain their top-flight status in 2005, scoring 12 league goals, Jandro moved to Deportivo Alavés also of the top division, being immediately relegated. He signed with Gimnàstic de Tarragona in summer 2007 and, after two Segunda División seasons with the Catalans as first choice, continued in that tier as he joined Elche CF on a two-year contract.
On 11 March 2010, after appearing rarely for the club – but netting three times – Jandro was released by mutual consent. In late July he signed with another side in division two, Girona FC, and scored 11 goals while playing all 42 games (38 starts, nearly 3,500 minutes of action) in his first season, with his team eventually ranking 11th.
On 25 August 2012, Jandro was named Player of the match as Girona won 5–1 away against CD Guadalajara, scoring once and providing two assists.

## Coaching career

On 6 July 2021, Jandro was named manager of Tercera División RFEF side CD Acero. The following 18 May, after narrowly missing out on promotion in the play-offs, he left.
In June 2022, Jandro was appointed at Villarreal CF's C team also in the fifth tier. He agreed to have his contract terminated on 13 December 2023, in order to take over second-division SD Amorebieta. On his professional debut four days later, his side drew 1–1 at home against Real Zaragoza.
Jandro left Amorebieta on 5 June 2024, after suffering relegation. On 25 September, he replaced Abelardo Fernández at the helm of FC Cartagena in the same league, being dismissed the following 12 January.

## Managerial statistics

    As of 11 January 2025
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Ref |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | Ref |
| Acero | | 6 July 2021 | 18 May 2022 | 37 | 18 | 8 | 11 | 36 | 29 | +7 | 048.65 | |
| Villarreal C | | 16 June 2022 | 13 December 2023 | 43 | 14 | 11 | 18 | 50 | 56 | −6 | 032.56 | |
| Amorebieta | | 13 December 2023 | 5 June 2024 | 24 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 23 | 29 | −6 | 033.33 | |
| Cartagena | | 25 September 2024 | 12 January 2025 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 11 | 13 | 28 | −15 | 026.32 | |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 123 | 45 | 29 | 49 | 122 | 142 | −20 | 036.59 | — |