OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Association of Chiefs of Police

International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Alexandria, Virginia. It is the world's largest professional association for police leaders.

## Overview

The International Association of Chiefs of Police is a not-for-profit 501c(3) organization headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia. The IACP is the publisher of the Police Chief magazine, the leading periodical for law enforcement executives, and the host of the IACP Annual Conference and Exposition, the largest police educational and technology exposition in the world.
The IACP is the world’s largest professional association for police leaders. It has over 31,000 members in over 165 countries. Despite its name, membership in the organization is open to law enforcement professionals of all ranks, as well people who are not police officers but are affiliated with law enforcement. Active membership, in which members have the right to vote to determine official organization policy and elect association officers at the Annual Conference and Exposition, is available only to chiefs and superintendents of police and command-level police officers. Associate membership, in which the members have all the rights of active members except for the right to vote or run for office as association officers, is available to non-command level officers, civilian employees of law enforcement agencies, and others involved with law enforcement including those instructors/researchers in criminal justice or related fields working at academic institutions, students enrolled in a criminal justice course or related course, private and corporate security, private detectives, those in the medical/psychological professions, associations and nonprofits, and employees of companies assisting or providing services to law enforcement.

## Leadership

IACP presidents have included:
* Ken Walker (current)
* Wade Carpenter
* John Letteney
* Dwight Henninger
* Cynthia Renaud
* Steven Casstevens
* Paul Cell
* Louis Dekmar
* Donald De Lucca
* Terrence Cunningham
* Richard Beary
Executive directors have included Quinn Tamm.
# Systematic Training for Effective Parenting

Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is a parent education program published as a series of books.

## Overview

STEP was developed and published by the psychologists Don Dinkmeyer Sr., Gary D. McKay and Don Dinkmeyer Jr. The publication was supplemented by an extensive concept for training and proliferation. STEP has reached more than 4 million parents and has been translated into Spanish, French, German, and Japanese. Korean and Chinese adaptations are in progress.

## Impact

STEP is based on Alfred Adler's individual psychology and the work of the psychologists Rudolf Dreikurs and Thomas Gordon.
An evaluation of the program found that parents who participated in Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) had more positive perceptions of their children and were less likely to abuse them.
# Her Awakening

Her Awakening is a 1911 American short silent drama film starring Mabel Normand and directed by D. W. Griffith. Normand portrays a vivaciously effervescent young woman ashamed to introduce her poorly dressed mother to her elegant suitor. This early drama helped launch Normand's career and is believed to have been her second film and first substantial role. The supporting cast features Harry Hyde, Kate Bruce, Donald Crisp and Robert Harron.
The film was produced by the Biograph Company when it and many other early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based in Fort Lee, New Jersey at the beginning of the 20th century and was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 2006 as part of a one-night program about the city's brief reign as movie capital of the United States.

## Cast

* Mabel Normand as The Daughter
* Harry Hyde as The Sweetheart
* Kate Bruce as The Mother
* Edwin August
* William J. Butler as A Doctor
* Donald Crisp as Accident Witness
* Frank Evans as Accident Witness
* Robert Harron as On Street/Accident Witness
* J. Jiquel Lanoe as A Doctor/Accident Witness
* Fred Mace as A Laundry Customer
* Charles Hill Mailes as Accident Witness
* Vivian Prescott as A Laundry Employee
* W.C. Robinson as Accident Witness
* Marion Sunshine
* Kate Toncray as Old Woman/Accident Witness
# Stephan Hauck

Stephan Hauck (born 17 August 1961) is a German former handball player. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Shanimol Usman

Shanimol Osman is an Indian politician from Kerala. Shanimol was elected as M.L.A to Kerala legislative assembly from Aroor on a by-election in 2019.
She is the first woman leader from Kerala to become the secretary of All India Congress Committee and is an LLB Degree holder. She contested from Alappuzha parliament constituency in 2019 election as Indian National Congress candidate and lost to Adv. A. M. Ariff of Communist Party of India by 9213 votes but in the assembly by-election 2019, she defeated the nearest rival candidate Manu C. Pulickal of the CPI (M) Party by a margin of 2,079 votes.
Shanimol Osman is the only woman MLA of UDF in the 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly.
# Koceila Berchiche

Koceila Berchiche (born 5 August 1985 in Beni Douala) is an Algerian football player who is currently playing for JSM Béjaïa in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2.

## Club career

Berchiche started his career in the junior ranks for JS Kabylie but left to join MO Béjaïa and then USM Alger. His first senior side was WA Rouiba where he played for 2 seasons before joining JS Kabylie in the summer of 2008 on a free transfer.

## International career

Berchiche is a member of the Algerian Primary Team.

## Honours

* Won the World Military Cup once with the Algerian National Military Team in 2011
# Enoch Wright House

Enoch Wright House is a historic building in Peters Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The house was built sometime around 1815 by Enoch Wright on land he inherited from his father, Joshua, who moved to the area c. 1772. Wright family members lived in the house until 1862, when they began to rent it out. In 1972, they donated the house to the Peters Creek Historical Society, which now uses it as a museum.
Bricks for the house were manufactured on site. The house was built for two families, with separate kitchens on each end. The house's 12 rooms each have their own fireplaces.
# Villafranchian

Villafranchian age (/ˌvɪləˈfræŋkiən/ VIL-ə-FRANK-ee-ən) is a period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma)$^{:7}$ spanning the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. Named by Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto for a sequence of terrestrial sediments studied near Villafranca d'Asti, a town near Turin, it succeeds the Ruscinian age, and is followed by the Galerian.
The Villafranchian is sub-divided into six faunal units based on the localities of Triversa, Montopoli, Saint-Vallier, Olivola, Tasso and Farnetta.$^{:149}$
A major division of European geological deposits and time, the Villafranchian is significant because it marked the first arrival of archaic humans into Europe towards the end of the period. The Villafranchian is partially contemporaneous with the Blancan Stage of North America.
The beginning of the Villafranchian is typically defined by the first appearance of the bovid genus Leptobos in Italy, dated to around 3.5-3.6 million years ago (mya). The beginning of the Middle Villafranchian is defined by the "elephant–Equus event" denoting the first appearance of the mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis and the equine Equus stenonis, thought to be around 2.5-2.6 mya. The beginning of the Late Villafranchian was formerly typically defined by the "Wolf event", the first appearance of Canis etruscus , but this was later considered to be diachronous. It was later proposed that the boundary be placed at the first appearance of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris approximately 1.8 mya. The transition between the Villafranchian and the following Galerian has been placed as its own biochron, the Epivillafranchian, coincident with the end of the Early Pleistocene around 1.2-0.9/0.8 million years ago. This period was marked by numerous extinctions, including those of Pachycrocuta, the sabertoothed cat Megantereon, and Mammuthus meridionalis.
# Maria Scheffold

Maria Scheffold (1912 – 1970) was a German chess player who won West Germany Women's Chess Championship (1960).

## Chess career

Maria Scheffold won the Württemberg Women's Chess Championship in 1955 and shared 5th place at the West Germany Women's Chess Championship in 1956 in Wolfratshausen. In November 1960, Maria Scheffold won West Germany Women's Chess Championship in Büdingen.
She took part in other West Germany Women's Chess Championships:
* in 1955 in Krefeld, winner Friedl Rinder;
* in 1957 in Lindau, winner Helga Axt;
* in 1959 in Dahn, winner Friedl Rinder;
* in 1961 in Wennigsen, winner Helga Axt;
* in 1965 in Wangen im Allgäu, winner Ottilie Stibaner.
She was a member of chess club SC Wangen.
# Here Is Always Somewhere Else

Here Is Always Somewhere Else is a 2007 documentary film directed by Rene Daalder and co-produced and edited by Aaron Ohlmann.
The film is about the life and work of Dutch/Californian conceptual artist Bas Jan Ader, who in 1975 disappeared under mysterious circumstances at sea in the smallest boat ever to cross the Atlantic. As seen through the eyes of fellow emigrant filmmaker Rene Daalder, the picture becomes a sweeping overview of contemporary art films as well as an epic saga of the transformative powers of the ocean. Featuring work from artists Tacita Dean, Rodney Graham, Marcel Broodthaers, Ger van Elk, Charles Ray, Wim T. Schippers, Chris Burden, Fiona Tan, Pipilotti Rist and many others.
The film was released on DVD in November 2008.
# João Gerdau

João Gerdau (born Johannes Heinrich Kaspar Gerdau, 14 November 1849 - 24 November 1917) was a German-born Brazilian businessman and the founder of Gerdau.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Gerdau was born in 1849 in Altona, Hamburg, Germany, the son of farmers Johannes Gerdau and Anna Focken. He completed a technical accounting course at a technical school in Hamburg.

### Career

In 1869, Gerdau emigrated to southern Brazil to find new business opportunities. He arrived at the port of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul aged 20, and established himself in Colônia de Santo Ângelo (now the town of Agudo), where he invested in trade, transport and the subdivision of land. He moved to the town of Cachoeira do Sul in 1884, where he founded a General Store. In 1901, he bought a nail factory in Porto Alegre and founded Gerdau.
His son, Hugo Gerdau, inherited the business, and in turn, passed it to his son-in-law Curt Johannpeter in 1946.

### Personal life

Gerdau was married to Alvine Maria Sophie Gerdau and had 4 children.
# Across the Tracks

Across the Tracks is a 1991 American drama film about track and field directed and written by Sandy Tung. It stars Rick Schroder, Brad Pitt, Carrie Snodgress, and David Anthony Marshall.

## Plot

Joe Maloney (Brad Pitt) is a straight A student vying for an athletic scholarship to Stanford University. He lives with his mother (Carrie Snodgress) in a trailer park in Gardena, CA. His well laid plans for the future are thrown into turmoil when his troubled younger brother Billy (Rick Schroder) is released from a juvenile detention facility following his arrest for stealing a car and comes to live with them back home.

## Cast

* Rick Schroder as Billy Maloney
* Brad Pitt as Joe Maloney
* Carrie Snodgress as Rosemary Maloney
* David Anthony Marshall as Louie
* Thomas Mikal Ford as Coach Walsh
* Annie Dylan as Linda
* Jack McGee as Frank
* Jaime P. Gomez as Bobby
# USS Groton (SSBN-828)

USS Groton (SSBN-828) will be the will be the third Columbia-class ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) of the United States Navy. Alongside her sisterships, she will replace the ageing Ohio-class SSBN as part of the American nuclear triad. Groton was named after Groton, Connecticut, nicknamed the "submarine capital of the world" due to it hosting Naval Submarine Base New London and historically serving as a center of US submarine development. When she was named in 2025, the boat had not yet been ordered due to a disagreement between the Navy and builder Electric Boat over the cost.
# Siyabonga Sangweni

Doctor Siyabonga Sangweni (born 29 September 1981), known as Siyabonga Sangweni, is a retired South African soccer defender who used to play for Premier Soccer League club Orlando Pirates and South Africa.
His younger brother Thamsanqa Sangweni is also a footballer and he also played for Orlando Pirates.

## Club career
### Golden Arrows

Nsimbi as he is efficiently known as in the football circles sign for Abafana Bes'thende in 2005 from SAFA Second Division side Uthukela. He played well for Arrows and contributed to the club's first major silverware which was the MTN 8 in 2009. He attracted many clubs and eventually signed for Orlando Pirates in 2011.

### Orlando Pirates

Sangweni signed with Orlando Pirates at the beginning of the 2011/12 season. Hailed as one of the best signings of the season due to his defensive abilities. He was a regular starter for Bafana Bafana while playing for Golden Arrows. Siyabonga became a regular at Orlando Pirates and went on to have 28 league appearances in his first season at Pirates. Due to him being very instrumental in the Pirates treble winning of the season, he was nominated as a Footballer of the Season which eventually went to the League's leading goalscorer, Siyabonga Nomvethe of Swallows. He has enjoyed much game-time along Lucky Lekgwathi and Rooi Mahamutsa. He got an injury that kept him to almost all the 2013/14 season.

### Retirement

In a press conference on 7 April 2016, Pirates' chairman Irvin Khoza announced that Sangweni has been plagued by a string of injuries. Khoza said that after consultation, the medics have confirmed that the former Bafana Bafana centre back has to end his career early. Khoza said Sangweni, who has 29 Bafana caps with four goals, will be remembered as a club legend.

## Career statistics
### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 24 May 2010 | Orlando Stadium, Soweto, South Africa | Bulgaria | 1–1 | Draw | Friendly |
| 2. | 15 May 2011 | Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Tanzania | 1–0 | Win | Friendly |
| 3. | 23 January 2013 | Moses Mabhida Stadium, South Africa | Angola | 2–0 | Win | 2013 Africa Cup of Nations |
| 4. | 27 January 2013 | Moses Mabhida Stadium, South Africa | Morocco | 2–2 | Draw | 2013 Africa Cup of Nations |

## Honours
### Lamontville Golden Arrows

* MTN 8: 2009

### Orlando Pirates

* MTN 8: 2011
* Telkom Knockout: 2011
* Nedbank Cup: 2013–14
* Premier Soccer League: 2011–12
* CAF Champions League: Runners-up 2013
* CAF Confederation Cup: Runners-up 2015
# Whose Zoo?

Whose Zoo? is a 1918 American comedy film featuring Stan Laurel.

## Cast

* Kathleen O'Connor - Katherine
* Rube Miller - Rube
* Stan Laurel - Stanley
# Hickory Hiram

Hickory Hiram is a 1918 American silent comedy film featuring Stan Laurel. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Cast

* Stan Laurel as Hiram
* Teddy Sampson as Trixie
* Neal Burns as Neal
* Bartine Burkett

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, Hickory Hiram was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors cut all scenes of man in underwear after the screen title and the fat man bumping other man with stomach.
# Philip Lewis

Philip Lewis or Phil Lewis or Phillip Lewis may refer to:
* Philip Lewis Sr. (c. 1751–1836), American pioneer, soldier, and politician
* Philip D. Lewis (1924–2017), Canadian politician
* Philip H. Lewis Jr. (1925–2017), American professor of landscape architecture
* Philip J. Lewis (1900–1985), Canadian lawyer and politician in Newfoundland
* Phil Henderson (writer) (born 1967), also writing as Philip Lewis, American novelist, illustrator, essayist, and poet
* Phil Lewis (baseball) (1883–1959), American baseball player
* Phil Lewis (cricketer) (born 1981), English cricketer
* Phil Lewis (Florida politician) (Philip D. Lewis, 1929–2012) American politician in Florida
* Phil Lewis (musician) (born 1957), English vocalist for the American band L.A. Guns
* Phil Lewis (rugby union) (born 1961), Welsh rugby player
* Phill Lewis (born 1968), American actor, comedian, and director
* Phillip Harold Lewis (1922–2011), American anthropologist and museologist
# Tim Shaw (cricketer)

Timothy Gower Shaw (born 5 July 1959) is a former South African cricketer who played nine One Day Internationals between 1991 and 1994. He was also involved in the test series against England in England in 1994.
# Islamic concept of sovereignty

Part of a series on :
Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) :
Ritual
Shahada
Salah
Raka'ah
Qibla
Turbah
Sunnah prayer (TarawihTahajjud)
Witr
Nafl prayer
Sawm
Zakat
Hajj
Ihram (clothing
Mut'ah)
Tawaf
Umrah (and Hajj) :
Political
Islamic leadership
Caliphate
Majlis-ash-Shura
Imamate
Wilayat al-faqih
Bay'ah
Dhimmi
Aman :
Family
Marriage
Contract
Mahr
Misyar
Halala
Urfi
Mut‘ah
Polygyny
Divorce
Khula
Zihar
Iddah
Kafa'ah
Adoption
Breastfeeding
Sexual
Awrah
Abortion
Baligh
Haya
Hygiene
Rape
Zina
Masturbation :
Criminal
Hudud
Blasphemy
Maisir  (gambling)
Zina  (illicit sex)
Hirabah  (unlawful warfare and banditry)
Fasad  ("mischief")
Mofsed-e-filarz  ("spreading corruption")
Fitna  ("sedition")
Rajm  (stoning)
Tazir  (discretionary)
Qisas  (retaliation)
Diya  (compensation) :
Etiquette
Adab
Gender segregation (Purdah)
Mahram
Honorifics
Toilet :
Economic
History
Zakat
Jizya
Nisab
Khums
Sadaqah (Waqf)
Bayt al-mal
Banking
Riba
Murabaha
Takaful
Sukuk
Inheritance :
Hygiene
Sexual
Toilet
Taharah
Ihram
Wudu
Masah
Ghusl
Tayammum
Miswak
Najis
Istinja
Dietary
Dhabihah
Alcohol
Pork
Comparison with kashrut :
Military
Jihad
Ghanimah
Hudna
Istijarah (asylum)
Prisoners of war :
Islamic studies :
vte :
The Islamic concept of sovereignty differs from the western principles of international custom and law established by the Treaty of Westphalia. An important element of this is the Ummah — the community of Muslims as a whole. Devout Muslims consider that there is no division between religion and politics and so government should be based upon the Qur'an, following the word of God in a unified way, as in the first Caliphate.
# Rail transport in Tanzania

Rail transport in Tanzania is conducted by two companies (Tanzania Railways Corporation and TAZARA). It has historically used narrow (metre) gauge trackage, but planning and construction of new standard gauge lines is underway as of 2017.

## Railway links with adjacent countries

* Burundi - no - proposed 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
* DR Congo - decades ago there was a train ferry between Kigoma and Kalemie, in 2007 there are no ferry links and the DR Congo line to Kalemie is defunct because of a collapsed bridge. Break of gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)/1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
* Kenya - no, historically present - 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) same gauge, but the link between Moshi and Voi is defunct due to rails being lifted during A103 road renovation near Voi.
* Malawi - no - break of gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)/1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
* Mozambique - no - break of gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)/1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
* Rwanda - no - proposed 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
* Uganda - yes - same gauge - via train ferry from Mwanza to Port Bell or Jinja.
* Zambia - yes - break of gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)/1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
The central line between Kigoma and Dar es Salaam carries international freight and passengers in transit from Burundi, DR Congo and Rwanda to the Indian Ocean, and the branch from Tabora to Mwanza carries freight and passengers between Uganda and the Indian Ocean. →

## Standard gauge development

On 31 March 2015 the Tanzanian government announced it would use $14.2 billion of commercial loans to build new rail infrastructure across the country before 2021, and make the country a regional transport hub. In June, China Railway Materials was awarded a $7.6 billion contract, primarily funded by commercial financing, to build new standard gauge lines connecting Dar es Salaam with Burundi and Rwanda. A separate $1.4 billion contract was awarded to China Railway Engineering Corporation to build a line between mines near Ludewa and the port of Mtwara. Both Chinese contracts were terminated by President John Magufuli when he took office in November 2015.
In February 2017, construction companies Yapı Merkezi and Mota-Engil were jointly awarded a contract to build 207 kilometres (129 mi) of track between Dar es Salaam and Morogoro, and a 400-kilometre (250 mi) line connecting Isaka with Burundi and Rwanda. Construction of the Dar es Salaam–Morogoro line began in April, with service expected to begin in 2019. The new line is designed to allow passenger services to travel at up to 160 km/h (100 mph) and freight services at up to 120 km/h (75 mph). Tanzania plans to extend the line to Dodoma, and later to Kigoma and Mwanza, contingent on obtaining financing. The first phase (Dar es Salaam–Morogoro Section) has been completed in April 2022.

## Proposed line

* Lobito-Dar es Salaam Railway

## Maps

* UN map (Error 404)
# Charlie Cocuzza

Charles Cocuzza is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Kean University in Union, New Jersey from 2003 to 2005, compiling a record of 7–23. Prior to taking over the Kean program, Cocuzza served as an assistant coach at Montclair State University for 27 years, most of which were as the Red Hawks' offensive coordinator.
Cocuzza played college football at Upsala College in East Orange, New Jersey, from which he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree. He later received a Master of Arts degree in administration supervision from Seton Hall University. After graduating from Upsala, Cocuzza played professionally in the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) with the Westchester Crusaders and the Jersey City Jets.
Cocuzza first coached as an assistant at Memorial High School in West New York, New Jersey and then at Cresskill High School in Cresskill, New Jersey. He returned to Upsala as an assistant coach in 1970, mentoring the defensive backs and wide receivers. He was appointed head football coach at Cresskill High School in 1973.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Kean Cougars (New Jersey Athletic Conference) (2003–2005) ||||||
| 2003 | Kean | 1–9 | 1–4 | 5th |
| 2004 | Kean | 2–8 | 1–5 | T–6th |
| 2005 | Kean | 4–6 | 2–4 | 5th |
| Kean: | Kean: | 7–23 | 4–13 | |
| Total: | Total: | 7–23 | | |