OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ripley Formation

The Ripley Formation is a geological formation in North America found in the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. The lithology is consistent throughout the layer. It consists mainly of glauconitic sandstone. It was formed by sediments deposited during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. It is a unit of the Selma Group and consists of the Cusseta Sand Member, McNairy Sand Member and an unnamed lower member. It has not been extensively studied by vertebrate paleontologists, due to a lack of accessible exposures. However, fossils have been unearthed including crocodile, hadrosaur, nodosaur, tyrannosaur, ornithomimid, dromaeosaur, and mosasaur remains have been recovered from the Ripley Formation.

## Paleofauna

* Hypsibema missouriensis (hadrosaurid) – "Caudal vertebrae, fragmentary dentary and predentary."
* cf. Gryposaurus sp.
* Nodosauridae sp.
* Tyrannosauroidea sp.
* cf. Albertosaurus sp.
* Dromaeosauridae sp.
* Possible Ornithomimidae indet.
* Eothoracosaurus mississippiensis
* Thoracosaurus neocesariensis
* Leidyosuchus sp.
* Adocus punctatus
* Naomichelys speciosa
* Trionyx sp.
* Habrosaurus sp.
* Amiidae sp.
* Lepisosteus sp.
* Platacodon nanus
# Jackson Formation

The Jackson Formation is a geologic formation in Tennessee. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period. Exposed only in bluffs along Mississippi River with thickness at least 60 feet. Primary rock type is sand. Secondary rock type is clay or mud. Other rock types include slit and lignite. "Light gray to buff, medium- to very fine-grained silty sand, interbedded with light gray clayey silt." From the Tertiary geological age.
Jackson Formation siltstones are exposed in western Tennessee in the Mississippi River bluffs.
# Asa-Chang & Junray

ASA-CHANG & Junray is a band founded by Japanese percussionist ASA-CHANG, who was the founder and original bandmaster of Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra. After leaving the group in 1993, he formed ASA-CHANG & Junray in 1998 with programmer and guitarist Hidehiko Urayama. They were joined in 2000 by tabla player U-zhaan. Live, the group used a portable sound-system called 'Jun-Ray Tronics', hence the name; the word 'junray', however, also means 'pilgrimage'.
In 2002, the British label The Leaf Label released Jun Ray Song Chang, which compiled the group's first two Japan-only albums. It was followed a year later by the mini album Tsu Gi Ne Pu. The group's song 'Hana' was featured on Fabric Live 07, while 'Tsuginepu To Ittemita' was included on a The Wire Tapper CD. The group's 2005 album, Minna no Junray, featured vocals by singer and actress Kyōko Koizumi.
On March 31, 2010, Urayama and U-zhaan left the band.
In 2012, saxophone flute player Yoshihiro Goseki and violinist Anzu Suhara joined as live members.
In 2013, their song "Hana" was re-done and used as the ending theme for the anime adaptation of Shuzo Oshimi's The Flowers of Evil. Several versions, including the original, are used throughout the series.

## Members

* ASA-CHANG (Hirokazu Asakura, ex. Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra): percussion, tablabongo
* Yoshihiro Goseki (ex. DCPRG, ex. Zainichi Funk): sax, flute, vocal
* Anzu Suhara (ex. Led Act Sect): violin, guitar, vocal

### Former members

* Hidehiko Urayama: guitar, music sequencer
* U-zhaan: tabla

## Albums

* Tabla Magma Bongo, 1998 (Japan only)
* Hana, 2001 (Japan only)
* Jun Ray Song Chang, The Leaf Label 2002
* Tsu Gi Ne Pu, The Leaf Label 2003 (BBC review)
* Minna no Junray, 2005
* Kage No Nai Hito, 2009
* Mahou, 2016
* 事件, 2020
# Able v. United States

Able v. United States, 88 F.3d 1280 (2nd Cir. 1996) ("Able I"), 155 F.3d 628 (2nd Cir. 1998) ("Able II"), is a case from the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit that upheld the Don't ask, don't tell (10 USC 654) law against various constitutional challenges. Both Able I and Able II overruled district court decisions striking down "Don't ask, don't tell" as unconstitutional.

## Case history

Six gay or lesbian members of the armed forces- Lieutenant Colonel Jane Able, Petty Officer Robert Heigl, First Lieutenant Kenneth Osborn, Sergeant Steven Spencer, Lieutenant Richard Von Wohld, and Seaman Werner Zehr- had filed suit in the Eastern District of New York challenging the constitutionality of the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy. The case was assigned to U.S. District Court Judge Eugene Nickerson. When the Defense Department initiated an investigation into Petty Officer Heigl to determine if he was a homosexual, the district court issued a preliminary injunction against the investigation of him and the other plaintiffs. The Second Circuit, while determining "that the district court had applied the wrong standard in deciding to issue the preliminary injunctions", stayed the lifting of the injunction pending a merits trial.
The district court dismissed the plaintiffs' challenges to Section 654 (b) (1) and (3), as well as their expressive association challenge, on the basis that they lacked standing. The court then, following a trial, held that section 654 (b) (2) violated the First and Fifth Amendments to the United States Constitution, thus becoming the first court to do so.
On appeal, the Second Circuit vacated the 1995 ruling. They ruled that plaintiffs had standing to challenge the Section 654 (b) (1) and (3), as well as their expressive association challenge. They also vacated and remanded to the district court the First and Fifth Amendment rulings, on the basis that the "new policy strikes a reasonable balance between the competing interests and because the policy is important to the military's accomplishment of its objectives, we find that it restrains speech no more than is reasonably necessary" and "the ...assumption ...that the ban on homosexual acts found in § 654(b)(1) is valid under the Constitution."
On remand, Judge Nickerson struck down the acts provision of "Don't ask, don't tell" (Section 654(b)(1)) as a violation of the equal protection component of the Fifth Amendment. On appeal from that decision, the Second Circuit reversed, on the basis that "[g]iven the strong presumption of validity [the Court] give[s] to classifications under rational basis review and the special respect accorded to Congress's decisions regarding military matters, [they] will not substitute [their] judgment for that of Congress" and "that Congress has proffered adequate justifications for the Act". As the plaintiff-appellees asserted at oral argument "that they were not seeking any more onerous standard than the rational basis test", the Court applied rational basis review without deciding whether that was the appropriate standard for review.
# Lawrence Bathurst

Lawrence Charles Villebois Bathurst (4 June 1871 – 22 February 1939) was an English first-class cricketer active 1893–99 who played for Middlesex and Oxford University. He was born in Gressenhall, Norfolk; died in Bonchurch, Isle of Wight.
Bathurst served in the British Army during the Second Boer War. He volunteered for service in the Imperial Yeomanry, and was commissioned a lieutenant in the 30th battalion on 14 January 1902. The battalion left Southampton for South Africa four months later, and arrived in early May, shortly after conclusion of hostilities. They spent several months on regular patrol duties, and he left for home again with the battalion in December 1902, relinquishing his commission with the honorary rank of Lieutenant in the Army in February 1903.
# Sandra Jauregui

Sandra Jauregui (born October 31, 1983) is an American politician from Nevada. In 2023 she became the Democratic majority leader of the Nevada Assembly. She represents the 41st district, which covers parts of the southern Las Vegas Valley. A survivor of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, she is a prominent advocate for gun control within the Nevada Assembly.

## Personal life and education

Jauregui was born in 1983 in Monterey Park, California, and raised in nearby Hacienda Heights. She is Latina. Jauregui attended Mt. San Antonio College and graduated from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Jauregui is a survivor of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, the deadliest mass shooting in United States history.

## Career

Jauregui works for Ticor Title of Nevada and previously worked for former U.S. Senator Harry Reid.
Jauregui ran for the open seat vacated by the retiring Victoria A. Dooling in 2016. She defeated former Assemblyman Paul Aizley in the Democratic primary and Republican Nick Phillips in the general election.

## Legislative history

Jauregui has sponsored several bills related to gun control. In 2019, Jauregui became the primary sponsor of AB291, a red flag law that allows temporary seizure of guns by court order if a person is deemed a danger to themselves or others. The law also banned bump stocks. The bill was signed into law by Nevada Governor Steve Sisolak on June 14, 2019.
In 2023, she sponsored two other gun control bills, ABs 354 and 355, the first of which would have banned carrying a gun within 100 yards of a polling place, and the last would have raised the legal age to buy an assault weapon from 18 to 21. The two bills passed the Nevada Legislature but were vetoed by Governor Joe Lombardo.
Jauregui is the current Democratic majority leader of the Nevada Assembly.

## Electoral history

Nevada Assembly District 41 Democratic primary, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Sandra Jauregui | 992 | 55.9% |
| | Democratic | Paul Aizley | 783 | 44.1% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,775 | 100.0% |
Nevada Assembly District 41 election, 2016 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Sandra Jauregui | 13,801 | 53.2% |
| | Republican | Nick Phillips | 12,119 | 46.8% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 25,920 | 100.0% |
# City of Rome v. United States

City of Rome v. United States, 446 U.S. 156 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the majority upheld Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 against a challenge to its constitutionality. Justice Thurgood Marshall authored the majority opinion, which held that Section 5 "does not exceed Congress' power to enforce the Fifteenth Amendment" and "does not violate principles of federalism". The Court's decision also rejected a request by Rome, Georgia to "bail out" of coverage under the Voting Rights Act, asserting that such a request would have to be made by the entire state of Georgia, rather than by an individual city.
# HD 19467

HD 19467 is a star with an orbiting brown dwarf companion in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.97, which is a challenge to view with the naked eye. The system is located at a distance of 104.5 light years based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 7 km/s. It has a high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.258 arcsec yr$^{−1}$. Based on the motion and chemical abundances of this star it has been considered a likely member of the Wolf 630 group of co-moving stars, although its age estimate is inconsistent with that assignment.
The spectrum of HD 19467 presents as a G-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of G3 V. It has been identified as a solar twin based on the similarity of its physical properties to the Sun. This is an older star, with age estimates range from 5.4 up to 10.1 billion years, depending on the study. It is considered a thin disk star, which should theoretically limit the age to no more than 8 billion years. The spin rate is correspondingly low with a rotation period of 29.5 days. Based on the abundance of iron, the metallicity is lower than solar. The level of magnetic activity in the star's chromosphere as well as X-ray emission are at most below the equivalent level in the Sun.

## Brown dwarf

In 2014, a survey team announced the discovery of a brown dwarf in orbit around HD 19467. The presence of an low-mass companion was indicated via an acceleration trend in radial velocity time series data collected between 1996 and 2021. The object was then directly imaged using the NIRC-2 instrument at the Keck Observatory. Designated HD 19467 B, it was located at an angular separation of 1.6″ from the host star. Astrometric observations taken over a 1.1 year period demonstrated that the object is clearly associated with HD 19467 A, having a similar parallax and proper motion. The radial velocity data indicated a minimum mass of 51.9+3.6 −4.3 M$_J$, with a brightness and colors matching a T-dwarf.
The spectrum of this object was taken at the Palomar Observatory, finding a spectral type of T5.5±1. It was measured as having an effective temperature of 978 K and, like the host star, a sub-solar metallicity. Orbital analysis was used to infer a mass of 65.4 M$_J$, which is near the substellar mass boundary. It has a highly eccentric orbit with period estimates ranging from 320 to 420 years, depending on the study.
# Culley v. Marshall

Culley v. Marshall, 601 U.S. 377 (2024), is a case decided by Supreme Court of the United States regarding the timing of post-seizure probable cause hearings under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. The Court has been asked to determine whether the "speedy trial" test from Barker v. Wingo or the balancing test from Mathews v. Eldridge applies to a judicial-forfeiture proceeding.
The case is on appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.

## Background

On February 17, 2019, Halima Tariffa Culley's son was arrested while driving his mother's car. Police charged Culley with possession of marijuana and seized the car. Culley's mother was unable to recover the vehicle, and the State of Alabama filed a civil asset forfeiture case against the vehicle. 20 months later, Culley won summary judgment under Alabama's innocent-owner defense.
Culley then filed a class-action lawsuit under the Ku Klux Klan Act, alleging that Alabama officials had violated her right to a post-deprivation hearing under the 8th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution. The District Court found for Alabama and the 11th Circuit affirmed.
On October 30, 2023, the US Supreme Court heard oral arguments in Culley v. Marshall.
On May 9, 2024, the Court decided for the government. It held that "the Due Process Clause requires a timely forfeiture hearing but does not require a separate preliminary hearing". The majority opinion, written by Justice Brett Kavanaugh, based its conclusion on two prior Supreme Court decisions, United States v. Von Neumann and United States v. $8,850.
# Barbara Hutchinson

Barbara Bethune Hutchinson (born November 23, 1946) is an American lawyer and former labor union leader.

## Biography

Born in Braddock, Pennsylvania, Hutchinson studied at the University of Pittsburgh, and then at the Dickinson School of Law. She was admitted to the bar in both Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. In 1977, she began working for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in Atlanta.
Hutchinson joined the American Federation of Government Employees, and in 1980 she ran for director of the union's women's department. Having decided to run only days before the election, she did not expect to be competitive, and left the union's congress before the results were announced. She won an unexpected victory, and stated that she would focus on increasing her budget, recruiting more women into the union, developing a handbook to inform women of their rights, and assisting women in finding more senior positions.
In 1981, black leaders of unions affiliated with the AFL-CIO proposed a shortlist of five potential candidates for the federation's vice presidential posts. The federation's leadership did not appoint any of the five, but instead unexpectedly appointed Hutchinson, who became the youngest ever member, and only the second African American, to sit on the federation's executive council.
Hutchinson resigned from her union post in 1988, to contest the union's secretary-treasurer position, but was heavily defeated by Allen Kaplan.
# Svor

Svor is a municipality and village in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Svor consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Svor (577)
* Rousínov (54)

## Geography

The Kamenice River originates in the municipal territory.
# Clearfield Area Junior/Senior High School

Clearfield Area Junior/Senior High School is a public high school located near the village of Hyde, Pennsylvania. Clearfield Area Junior/Senior High School serves students from most of central and north central Clearfield County. The school's mascot is the bison, modeled after the American Bison. Clearfield Area High School is part of the Clearfield Area School District. In the 2018–2019 school year, the Clearfield Area High School had 1,001 pupils enrolled in grades 9th through 12th. As of the 2014-15 school season, the high school was made into a larger campus, now serving students from 7th through 12th grades.

## Extracurriculars

The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and an extensive sports program.

### Sports

Clearfield is well known for its athletics. Clearfield's wrestling program has a notable 41 state champions, the most of any PIAA school, with the most recent being Luke McGonigal in 2018.

## Notable alumni

* Howard Fargo, (class of 1946), member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1981-2000. Served as Republican Caucus Chairman 1995-2000.
# Puran Bhagat (film)

Puran Bhagat (Puran Bhakt) is a 1933 Hindi devotional biopic film from New Theatres Ltd. Calcutta. The film was Debaki Bose's debut direction in Hindi. The film starred K. L. Saigal, Uma Shashi, Kumar, Molina Devi, K. C. Dey and Tarabai. The film was based on a popular Punjabi devotional story of Puran Bhagat, which was a change for New Theatres from their regular films based on traditional Bengali stories, saints and novels. It was a "great success all over India".

## Synopsis

After several years of penance and prayers a male child is born to King Silwan of Sialkot and his wife Queen Ichhara. However the Raj Guru predicts that they must not see their son till he's 16 years old or the child will die. The child, Puran, is given to Raj Guru to be fostered. Mahipat the Senapati (king's general), has looked forward to becoming the king for a long time as the king had no son. But the birth of Puran thwarts his desires and over the years he spreads rumours about Puran's wild antics, which also reach the king. Time comes for Puran to return home. He finds his father has taken a much younger wife, Luna.
Luna becomes infatuated with Puran and lets him know. Puran is at once repelled and horrified. He rejects her advances and leaves. The spurned Luna tells the king that Puran tried to molest her. The irate King has Puran's arms cut off, and has him thrown in a well. A miracle occurs where the saint, Guru Gorakhnath, arrives and sews up Puran's hands and keeps him as his disciple. Gorakhnath tests Puran's ascetism by sending him to an Amazonian style kingdom. The Queen, Rani Sundara, falls in love with Puran. After Puran has left his father's kingdom, the Senapati attacks and has King Silwan deposed. King Silwan sends for help from Rani Sundara. Goraknath insists that Puran along with the Sundara go to the help of his father. They succeed in restoring King Silwan to his throne. Puran after marrying Sundara remembers his vow of ascetism and leaves the kingdom renouncing his throne.

## Cast

* K. L. Saigal
* Umasashi
* Kumar
* Molina Devi
* K. C. Dey
* Tarabai
* Bikram Kapoor
* Anwari Begum
* Ansari

## Release

B. N. Sircar, through New Theatres had earlier made films based on Bengali literature and Chandidas (Bengali) (1932) had been a big success. Now he decided to focus on the legend of the Punjabi prince and saint Puran Bhagat. The film with its "enchanting music" "was a box-office hit". The Punjab Cinema Art Society acclaimed it as a "masterpiece". In Lahore the film ran to packed houses.

## Music

The film is regarded as R. C. Boral's first hit Hindi movie. Boral used new techniques in his music and combined elements from classical Indian raagas with folk music starting a trend followed by other music directors.

### Songs

| # | Title | Singer | Min |
| 1 | "Din Neeke Beete Jaate Hain" | K. L. Saigal | 3.13 |
| 2 | "Avsar beeto jaat praani" | K. L. Saigal | 3.01 |
| 3 | "Raadhe Raani De Daaro Naa Bansari Mori Re" | K. L. Saigal | 3.31 |
| 4 | "Bhaju Main To Bhaav Se Shiri Giridhari" | K. L. Saigal | 2.58 |
| 5 | "Jaavo Jaavo E Mere Saadhu" | K. C. Dey | 3.09 |
| 6 | "Kya Kaaran Hai Ab Rone Kaa" | K. C. Dey | |
# Doubrava (Aš)

Doubrava (German: Grün) is a village in Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic. It is one of the nine districts of the town of Aš. In 2001 the village had a population of 94.
In the village there are a mineral spring, a bus stop, a market and a restaurant.

## Geography

Doubrava lies 6 kilometres northeast from Aš, about 507 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by forests. Through Doubrava flows Bílý Halštrov river.

## History

Doubrava is first mentioned in 1392, as a property of Conrad von Neuberg. At the turn of the 14th and 15th century Doubrava was bought by the Zedtwitz.
Mineral springs in Doubrava has very similar composition like those in neighboring German town of Bad Elster. But they are not used for medical purposes yet. Town of Aš plans change in future and revitalise this village.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 845 | — |
| 1880 | 819 | −3.1% |
| 1890 | 845 | +3.2% |
| 1900 | 985 | +16.6% |
| 1910 | 992 | +0.7% |
| 1921 | 895 | −9.8% |
| 1930 | 808 | −9.7% |
| 1950 | 257 | −68.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1961 | 180 | −30.0% |
| 1970 | 141 | −21.7% |
| 1980 | 133 | −5.7% |
| 1991 | 89 | −33.1% |
| 2001 | 94 | +5.6% |
| 2011 | 119 | +26.6% |
| 2021 | 83 | −30.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Landmarks

* Chateau Doubrava from 17th century,
* Tomb of Zedtwitz,
* Wooden cemetery morgue.

## Gallery

* Zedtwitz chateau Doubrava.
* Pavilion od mineral well.
# Yoshiki Onoda

Yoshiki Onoda (小野田 嘉幹, Onoda Yoshiki, born July 12, 1925) is a Japanese film director and writer.

## Biography

Born in Tokyo, the family then moved to Korea. In 1947, he moved back to Japan to work as an assistant director to Akira Kurosawa at the Toho studios. In 1958 he directed his first film, Hitogui Ama.

## Personal life

He was married to actress Mitsuya Utako from 1960 to her death in 2004.

## Filmography

* Hitogui Ama (1958)
* Onna Dorei-sen (also known as Female Slave Ship) (1960)
* Onna Gankutsu-ō (1960)
* Edo no Kaze (1975~1981) TV
* Tokyo Megure Keishi (1978) TV
* Edo no Uzu (1978) TV
* Edo no Gekitou (1979) TV
* Onihei Hankachō TV
* Onihei's Detective Records (1995)
* Shigosen no Yume (2001)
* Kenkaku Shōbai: Haru no Arashi (2008), TV movie