# Bzhedug dialect

The Bzhedug dialect (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъубзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe. The Bzhedug dialect is spoken by the Bzhedugs who live mostly in Adygea and Biga.

## Phonology
### Dropped consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (as in the Northern Shapsug dialect) in some cases the consonants н [n], м [m] and р [r] are dropped and are not pronounced.
* The consonant м [m] is dropped before bilabial stops б [b], п [p], пI [pʼ] :
| Meaning | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Meaning | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
| calm | сабыр | saːbər | самбыр | saːmbər | самбыр | saːmbər |
| Saturday | шэбэт | ʃabat | шэмбэт | ʃambat | щэбэт | ɕabat |
| finger | Iэхъуабэ | ʔaχʷaːba | Iэхъуамбэ | ʔaχʷaːmba | Iэпхъуамбэ | ʔapχʷaːmba |
| toe | лъэхъуабэ | ɬaχʷaːba | лъэхъуамбэ | ɬaχʷaːmba | лъэпхъуамбэ | ɬapχʷaːmba |
| wide | шъуабгъо | ʃʷaːbʁʷa | шъуамбгъо | ʃʷaːmbʁʷa | фабгъуэ | faːbʁʷa |
| peel | шъуапIэ | ʃʷaːpʼa | шъуампIэ | ʃʷaːmpʼa | фампIэ | faːmpʼa |
| board | пхъэбгъу | pχabʁʷ | пхъэмбгъу | pχambʁʷ | пхъэбгъу | pχabʁʷ |
| worm | хьэблыу | ħabləw | хьамлыу | ħaːmɮəw | хьэмбылыу | ħambəɮəw |
* The consonant н [n] is dropped before postalveolar affricates дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ], кI [t͡ʃʼ] and before alveolar stops д [d], т [t], тI [tʼ] :
| Meaning | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Meaning | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
| egg | кIэкIэ | t͡ʃʼat͡ʃʼa | кIэнкIэ | t͡ʃant͡ʃa | джэдыкӏэ | d͡ʒadət͡ʃʼa |
| sweat | пкIатIэ | pt͡ʃʼaːtʼa | пкIантIэ | pt͡ʃʼaːntʼa | пщIантIэ | pɕʼaːntʼa |
| flue pipe | оджэкъ | wad͡ʒaq | онджэкъ | wand͡ʒaq | уэнжакъ | wanžaq |
| rice | пыдж | pəd͡ʒ | пындж | pənd͡ʒ | пынжь | pənʑ |
| pillow | шъхьатэ | ʂħaːta | шъхьантэ | ʂħaːnta | щхьэнтэ | ɕħanta |
| pants | гъочэдж | ʁʷat͡ʃad͡ʒ | гъончэдж | ʁʷant͡ʃad͡ʒ | гъуэншэдж | ʁʷanʃad͡ʒ |
| fast | псыкIэ | psət͡ʃʼa | псынкIэ | psənt͡ʃʼa | псынщIэ | psənɕʼa |
| shovel | хьацэ | ħaːt͡sa | хьанцэ | ħaːnt͡sa | хьэнцэ | ħant͡sa |
| blue | шхъуатIэ | ʃχʷaːtʼa | шхъуантIэ | ʃχʷaːntʼa | шхъуантIэ | ʃχʷaːntʼa |
| key | IукIыбзэ | ʔʷət͡ʃʼəbza | IункIыбзэ | ʔʷənt͡ʃəbza | IункIыбзэ | ʔʷənt͡ʃəbza |
| vein | лъытфэ | ɬətfa | лъынтфэ | ɬəntfa | лъынтхуэ | ɬəntxʷa |
| heavy | отэгъу | wataʁʷ | онтэгъу | wantaʁʷ | уэндэгъу | wandaʁʷ |
| knee | лъэгуаджэ | ɬaɡʷaːd͡ʒa | лъэгуанджэ | ɬaɡʷaːnd͡ʒa | лъэгуажьэ | ɬaɡʷaːʑa |
| butterfly | хьапIырашъу | ħapˈəpaʃʷ] | хьампIырашъу | ħampˈəpaʃʷ] | хьэндырабгъуэ | ħandəraːbʁʷa |
| noise | жъот | ʒʷat | жъонт | ʒʷant | | |
| peanuts | чIыдэ | t͡ʃʼəda | чIындэ | t͡ʃʼənda | щIыдэ | ɕʼəda |
| chair | пхъэтIэкIу | pχatʼakʷʼ | пхъэнтIэкIу | pχantʼakʷʼ | пхъэнтIэкIу | pχantʼakʷʼ |

### Aspirated consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (Like the Shapsug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʷʰ/ /kʷʰ/ /qʰ/ /qʷʰ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects :
* Bzhedug пʰ [pʰ] ↔ п [p] in other dialects :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| sharp | pʰaːpt͡sʼa | пʰапцIэ | paːpt͡sʼa | папцIэ | paːpsʼa | paːpt͡sʼa |
| arrogant | pʰaːɣa | пʰагэ | paːɣa | пагэ | paːɣa | пагэ |
| nose | pʰa | пʰэ | pa | пэ | pa | пэ |
* Bzhedug тʰ [tʰ] ↔ т [t] in other dialects :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| respect | pχaːtʰa | пхъатʰэ | pχaːta | пхъатэ | – | – |
| to give | jatʰən | етʰын | jatən | етын | jatən | етын |
| to take | ʃtʰan | штʰэн | ʃtan | штэн | ɕtan | щтэн |
| on | tʰajt | тʰет | tajt | тет | tat | тет |
| smooth | t͡sʼaːʂʷtʰa | цIашъутʰэ | t͡sʼaːʃʷta | цIашъутэ | t͡sʼaːfta | цIафтэ |
| to afraid | ɕtʰan | щтʰэн | ɕtan | щтэн | ɕtan | щтэн |
| pillow | ʂħaːntʰa | шъхьантʰэ | ʂħaːnta | шъхьантэ | ɕħaːta | щхьатэ |
* Bzhedug цʰ [t͡sʰ] ↔ ц [t͡s] in other dialects :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| wool | t͡sʰə | цʰы | t͡sə | цы | t͡sə | цы |
| eyelash | nabzət͡sʰ | нэбзыцʰ | nabzət͡s | нэбзыц | nabʒət͡s | нэбжьыц |
* Bzhedug шʰ [ʃʰ] ↔ щ [ɕ] in other Adyghe dialects :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| milk | ʃʰa | шʰэ | ɕa | щэ | ʃa | шэ |
| lame | ɬaːʃʰa | лъашʰэ | ɬaːɕa | лъащэ | ɬaːʃa | лъашэ |
| salt | ʃʰəʁʷ | шʰыгъу | ɕəʁʷ | щыгъу | ʃəʁʷ | шыгъу |
| cloud | pʃʰa | пшʰэ | pɕa | пщэ | pʃa | пшэ |
| pus | ʃʰənə | шʰыны | ɕənə | щыны | ʃən | шын |
| accordion | pʃʰəna | пшʰынэ | pɕəna | пщынэ | pʃəna | пшынэ |
| fat | pʃʰarə | пшʰэры | pɕarə | пщэры | pʃar | пшэр |
| wax | ʃʰafə | шʰэфы | ʃafə | шэфы | ʃaxʷə | шэху |
| horse | ʃʰə | шʰы | ʃə | шы | ʃə | шы |
| sand | pʃʰaːχʷa | пшʰахъо | pʃaːχʷa | пшахъо | pʃaːχʷa | пшахъуэ |
| story | pʃʰəsa | пшʰысэ | pʃəsa | пшысэ | pʃəsa | пшысэ |
* Bzhedug чʰ [t͡ʃʰ] ↔ ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects (кь [kʲ] in Shapsug) :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| spleen | t͡ʃʰa | чʰэ | t͡ʃa | чэ | t͡ʃa | чэ |
| brushwood twig | t͡ʃʰə | чʰы | t͡ʃə | чы | t͡ʃə | чы |
| to cough | pst͡ʃʰan | псчʰэн | pst͡ʃan | псчэн | pst͡ʃan | псчэн |
* Bzhedug кʰу [kʷʰ] ↔ ку [kʷ] in other dialects :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| middle | kʷʰə | кʰу | kʷə | ку | kʷə | ку |
| thigh | kʷʰa | кʰо | kʷa | ко | kʷa | куэ |
* Bzhedug къʰ [qʰ] ↔ къ [q] in other Adyghe dialects (хъ [χ] in Shapsug) :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| grave | qʰa | къʰэ | qa | къэ | q͡χa | кхъэ |
* Bzhedug къуʰ [qʷʰ] ↔ къу [qʷ] in other Adyghe dialects (хъу [χʷ] in Shapsug) :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| pig | qʷʰa | къʰо | qʷa | къо | q͡χʷa | кхъуэ |
* Bzhedug чъʰу [t͡ɕʷʰ] ↔ цу [t͡sʷ] in Temirgoy:
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy | Temirgoy | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| jungle/bushy area | t͡ɕʷʰənə | чъʰуны | t͡sʷənə | цуны | fən | фын |
* The consonant х [х] becomes к [k] after ш [ʃ] in Bzhedug:
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | Temirgoy and Abzakh | Temirgoy and Abzakh | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| Almighty God | tħa:ʃku | тхьашку | tħa:ʃxu | тхьашху | tħəʃxuə | тхьэшхуэ |
| large room/house | wənaʃku | унэшку | wənaʃxu | унэшху | wənaʃxuə | унэшхуэ |
| festival | mafaʃku | мэфэшку | mafaʃxu | мэфэшху | jazə | мэхуэшхуэ |
| to eat | ʃkan | шкэн | ʃxan | шхэн | ʃxan | шхэн |
| enormous | jənəʃku | инышку | jənəʃxu | инышху | jənəʃxuə | инышхуэ |

## Grammar
### Noun instrumental case

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix мджэ (-md͡ʒa) or -джэ (-d͡ʒa) unlike other dialects (e.g. Abzakh, Temirgoy and Standard Kabardian) that has the suffix -мкIэ (-mt͡ʃʼa) or -кIэ (-t͡ʃʼa) :
* Bzhedug dialect: КIалэр Адыгэбзэджэ мэгущаIэ ↔ Standard: КIалэр АдыгэбзэкIэ мэгущыIэ – "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
* Bzhedug dialect: Къэлэмымджэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: КъэлэмымкIэ сэтхэ – "I write (using) with the pencil".

### Future tense Suffix ~т (~t)

In this dialect the future tense suffix is ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike standard Adyghe (Temirgoy) that has the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt).
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Standard Kabardian | Standard Kabardian |
| Word | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | | Standard Kabardian | Standard Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| I will go | səkʷʼaɕt | сыкIощт | səkʷʼat | сыкIот | səkʷʼanəwɕ | сыкIуэнущ |
| you will go | wəkʷʼaɕt | укIощт | wəkʷʼat | укIот | wəkʷʼanəwɕ | укIуэнущ |
| he will go | makʷʼaɕt | мэкIощт | makʷʼat | мэкIот | makʷʼanəwɕ | мэкIуэнущ |
| we will go | təkʷʼaɕt | тыкIощт | ʂʷəkʷʼat | тыкIот | dəkʷʼanəwɕ | дыкIуэнущ |
| you (plural) will go | ʃʷəkʷaɕt | шъукIощт | ʃʷəkʷʼat | шъукIот | fəkʷʼanəwɕ | фыкIуэнущ |
| they will go | maːkʷatəɕx | макIощтых | maːkʷʼatəx | макIотых | jaːkʷʼanəwɕ | якIуэнущ |

### Location

| Word | Bzhedugh | Bzhedugh | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| here | məw, məwd͡ʒa | мыу, мыуджэ | mət͡ʃʼa | мыкӏэ |
| there (visible) | waw, wawd͡ʒa | оу, оуджэ | mot͡ʃʼa | мокӏэ |
| there (invisible) | aːw, aːwd͡ʒa | ау, ауджэ | aːt͡ʃʼa | акӏэ |
| there (emphasis) | d͡ʒaw, d͡ʒawd͡ʒa | джэу, джэуджэ | d͡ʒət͡ʃʼa | джэкӏэ |
| where | taw, tawd͡ʒa | тэу, тэуджэ | tət͡ʃʼa | тэкӏэ |

## Vocabulary
### Unique words

| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Standard Kabardian | Standard Kabardian |
| Word | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe | Bzhedug | Bzhedug | | Standard Kabardian | Standard Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| what | səd | сыд | ʂəd | шъыд | sət | сыт |
| how | sədaw | сыдэу | ʂədaw | шъыдэу | dawə | дауэ |
| why | sədaː | сыда | ʂədaː | шъыда | сыт щхьэкIэ | sət ɕħat͡ʃʼa |
| when | sədəjʁwa | сыдигъо | ʂədəjʁwa | шъыдигъо | сыт щыгъуи | sət ɕəʁʷəj |
| how much | səd fadəjz | сыд фэдиз | ʂədfadəjz | шъыд фэдиз | sət xuadəjz | сыт хуэдиз |
| with what | sədt͡ʃʼa | сыдкIэ | ʂədd͡ʒa | шъыдджэ | | |
| he/she/it | aɕ | ащ | aj | ай | abə | абы |
| this/here | məɕ | мыщ | məj | мый | məbə | мыбы |
| near | daʑ | дэжь | daj | дэй | dajʒ | деж |
| self | jaʑ | ежь | jaj | ей | jazə | езы |

## Sample text

The North Wind and the Sun, written in Bzhedug:
| Bzhedug | Translation |
| Зэгорэм тыгъэжьымрэ тыгъэмрэ зынэкъокъугъэх анахь лъэшыр язэрымгъашIэу. А лъэхъан дэдэм тефэу зекIогорэ кIакIо техъуагъэу гъогум къэрыкIоу алъэгъугъ ыкIи рахъухьагъ тIумэ язэу гъогурыкIом икIакIо зыщэзгъэхэрыр анахь лъэшэу алъытэнэу. Ай дэй тыгъэжьым зэрыфэлъэкIэу къэпщэу къыригъэжьагъ. Ау ар нахь лъэшэу къепщы къэсми, гъогурыкIом кIакIом нахь зыкIоцIищахьытыгъэ. Ыужыпкъэм тыгъежьыр иморад ыужы икIыжьын фае хъугъэ.ЕтIуанэ тыгъэр къэпсыгъ, гъогурыкIор фабэ къэпагъ, ыкIи ай лъэпэтэу кIакIор зыщихыгъ. Аущтэу тыгъэжьым тыгъэр ей нахьыри нахьы зэрылъэшыр къэгурымэIомэ мэхъонэу хъугъэ. | The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak.They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last the North Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shined out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two. |