# Birkenhead (UK Parliament constituency)

Birkenhead (/ˌbɜːrkənˈhɛd/) is a constituency in Merseyside represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Alison McGovern of the Labour Party.

## Profile

The constituency of Birkenhead covers the town of Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, and the Birkenhead suburbs of Bidston, Claughton, Oxton, Prenton, Rock Ferry and Tranmere. It forms the relatively densely populated mid-east of four parliamentary constituencies within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, itself a major contributor to (and the ex-Cheshire part of) the Metropolitan County of Merseyside envisaged in 1958 and created in 1974, considered as any other county (albeit with very limited powers and no elected councillors) for the enacted purposes of the Boundary Commission in its periodic reports.
The urban parts of the town unite with Liverpool on the opposite side of the narrows of the estuary in having an early socially reformist movement in local measures, and its choice of many elected representatives since the 1850s. The work was evidenced in the building of large public buildings and institutions and the creation of supported workers' housing, creating Port Sunlight to the south, among other such estates. The southern border of the borough controversially avoids the near-circular suburbs of the cathedral city of Chester, thereby creating a jagged boundary in local and national government; nonetheless, the Wirral has scenic shores and large golf courses including to the west one which regularly hosts The Open. Transcending the dense 20th-century urban-semi-rural divide of Merseyside is the largely Victorian era-built town of Birkenhead, at the centre of which lies the archetype of city parks, Birkenhead Park, a social gift and early publicly subscribed community asset in the area.
The seat is almost square and bounded by its sole motorway to the west. Its homes were (at the 2011 UK Census) 53% owner-occupied compared to 60% in the region. The seat's entirely left-wing victories nationally since 1945 evidence commitment locally to public services and wealth redistribution, rather than laissez-faire economics and low taxation. The 2015 general election result made the seat the fifteenth-safest of Labour's 232 seats by percentage of majority.

## History

Birkenhead was enfranchised in 1861 by the Appropriation of Seats (Sudbury and Saint Albans) Act 1861 as a single-member parliamentary borough. It was first contested at the 1865 general election and continued as a single-seat constituency until it was split between Birkenhead East and Birkenhead West under the terms of the Representation of the People Act 1918 which took effect for the 1918 general election.
Under the Representation of the People Act 1948, coming into effect at the 1950 general election, the constituency was re-established with revised boundaries.

## Boundaries

1861–1918: The enfranchising Act provided that the constituency was to consist of the Extra-parochial Chapelry of Birkenhead, the several townships of Claughton, Tranmere, and Oxton, and so much of the township of Higher Bebington as lies to the eastward of the road leading from Higher Tranmere to Lower Bebington.
The boundaries were not altered by the Boundaries Act 1868 or the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
1950–1974: The County Borough of Birkenhead, except the wards included in the Bebington constituency (i.e. the wards of Bebington, Devonshire, Egerton, Mersey, and Prenton).
Comprised the majority of the expanded County Borough, incorporating Birkenhead West, parts of Birkenhead East and parts transferred from Wirral.
1974–1983: The County Borough of Birkenhead wards of Argyle, Bebington, Cathcart, Claughton, Cleveland, Clifton, Devonshire, Egerton, Gilbrook, Grange, Holt, Mersey, Oxton, and St James.
Gained the Bebington, Devonshire, Egerton and Mersey wards from the abolished constituency of Bebington. Upton ward transferred to Wirral.
From 1 April 1974 until the next boundary review came into effect for the 1983 general election, the constituency comprised parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside but its boundaries were unchanged.
1983–2010: The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral wards of Bidston, Birkenhead, Claughton, Egerton, Oxton, and Tranmere.
    Boundaries broadly unchanged.
2010–2024: The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral wards of Bidston and St James, Birkenhead and Tranmere, Claughton, Oxton, Prenton, and Rock Ferry.
    Boundaries changed to reflect new ward boundaries. Prenton transferred from Wirral West.
2024–present: As above plus the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral ward of Bebington.
    Expanded to bring the electorate within the permitted range. Bebington transferred from the abolished Wirral South.

## Political history
### 1865–1918

The seat's elections were won by Conservatives with one exception, the 1906 landslide victory for the Liberal Party.

### 1918–1950 (seats split)

The two seats alternated frequently between the three largest parties in the 1920s, before the 1931 and 1935 general elections, which saw a major Conservative and Unionist Party victory (standing as Unionist in this area) in Birkenhead West, the latter election heralding a ten-year Parliament. However, the Liberal Graham White, of the more radical faction, won the eastern seat at both elections, echoing his victory in 1922. Having had predominantly marginal majorities, the seats were firmly won by the Labour Party in their nationwide landslide victory of 1945.

### Since 1950 re-creation

Since 1950, Birkenhead has returned Labour MPs with large and generally increasing majorities — apart from a 7% majority in 1955.
Frank Field, who represented the constituency from 1979 to 2019, was appointed as Welfare Reform Minister in the First Blair ministry in 1997 but served for just for one year. He chaired the Work and Pensions Select Committee from 2015 to 2019. In the 2017 general election he received 77% of the vote, achieving a majority of 58%. However, he resigned from the Labour whip in August 2018, citing anti-semitism in the party. In the 2019 general election he stood as a candidate of the Birkenhead Social Justice Party but he lost easily to the Labour Party candidate, Mick Whitley, gaining only 17% of the vote.
Following boundary changes, Whitley was challenged and defeated by Alison McGovern, the MP for Wirral South (to be abolished), for the Labour selection for Birkenhead at the upcoming general election. He was deselected on 16 June 2023. McGovern was duly elected as the new Labour MP at the 2024 election.

### Minor party candidates

Two Communist candidates, including Barry Williams, stood between 1950 and 1970, obtaining a high point of 1.5% of the votes cast.
More recently, at the 2001, 2005 and 2010 general elections no candidates apart from those selected by the Labour, Conservative, and Liberal Democrat parties contested the seat. The 2015 general election result saw the Liberal Democrat candidate fall behind the Green candidate, with both parties narrowly losing their deposits, as they did in 2017 and 2019. The Brexit Party stood at the 2019 general election, also losing its deposit.
In 2024, the Green candidate increased its vote from 3% to 17% and Reform UK (formerly the Brexit Party) from 3% to 14%, coming second and third respectively. This relegated the Conservatives to fourth and the Liberal Democrats to fifth, although both retained their deposits.

## Members of Parliament
### MPs 1865–1918

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1865 | John Laird | Conservative |
| 1874 | David MacIver | Conservative |
| 1885 | Edward Bruce Hamley | Conservative |
| 1892 | Arnold Keppel, Viscount Bury | Conservative |
| 1894 | Elliott Lees | Conservative |
| 1906 | Henry Vivian | Lib-Lab |
| 1910 | Alfred Bigland | Conservative |
| 1918 | constituency abolished: see Birkenhead East and Birkenhead West | constituency abolished: see Birkenhead East and Birkenhead West |

### MPs since 1950

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1950 | Percy Collick | Labour |
| 1964 | Edmund Dell | Labour |
| 1979 | Frank Field | Labour |
| 2018 | Frank Field | Independent |
| 2019 | Mick Whitley | Labour |
| 2024 | Alison McGovern | Labour |

## Elections
### Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Alison McGovern | 22,468 | 52.1 | −7.9 |
| | Green | Jo Bird | 8,670 | 20.1 | +17.1 |
| | Reform UK | Tony Stanley | 6,142 | 14.2 | +10.8 |
| | Conservative | Sarah Payne | 3,238 | 7.5 | −8.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Stuart Kelly | 2,292 | 5.3 | +1.3 |
| | Freedom Alliance | Catherine Evans | 324 | 0.8 | N/A |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 142 | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,798 | 32.0 | −12.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 43,134 | 55.2 | −12.7 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 78,091 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −12.5 | |
Changes are from the notional 2019 results on the 2024 boundaries.

### Elections in the 2010s

2019 notional result :
| Party | Party | Vote | % |
| | Labour | 31,056 | 60.0 |
| | Conservative | 8,063 | 15.6 |
| | Others | 7,285 | 14.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | 2,062 | 4.0 |
| | Brexit Party | 1,744 | 3.4 |
| | Green | 1,552 | 3.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 51,762 | 67.9 |
| Electorate | Electorate | 76,271 |
General election 2019: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Mick Whitley | 24,990 | 59.0 | −17.9 |
| | Birkenhead Social Justice | Frank Field | 7,285 | 17.2 | N/A |
| | Conservative | Claire Rowles | 5,540 | 13.1 | −5.3 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Stuart Kelly | 1,620 | 3.8 | +1.2 |
| | Brexit Party | Darren Lythgoe | 1,489 | 3.5 | N/A |
| | Green | Pat Cleary | 1,405 | 3.3 | +1.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,705 | 41.8 | −16.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,329 | 66.4 | −1.3 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
General election 2017: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 33,558 | 76.9 | +9.3 |
| | Conservative | Stewart Gardiner | 8,044 | 18.4 | +3.5 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Allan Brame | 1,118 | 2.6 | −1.0 |
| | Green | Jayne Clough | 943 | 2.2 | −2.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 25,514 | 58.5 | +5.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 43,663 | 67.7 | +5.0 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +2.8 | |
General election 2015: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 26,468 | 67.6 | +5.1 |
| | Conservative | Clark Vasey | 5,816 | 14.9 | −4.0 |
| | UKIP | Wayne Harling | 3,838 | 9.8 | N/A |
| | Green | Kenny Peers | 1,626 | 4.2 | N/A |
| | Liberal Democrats | Allan Brame | 1,396 | 3.6 | −15.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20,652 | 52.7 | +9.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 39,144 | 62.7 | +5.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
General election 2010: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 22,082 | 62.5 | −2.5 |
| | Conservative | Andrew Gilbert | 6,687 | 18.9 | +2.4 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Stuart Kelly | 6,554 | 18.6 | +0.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,395 | 43.6 | −2.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 35,523 | 56.6 | +6.7 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −2.7 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 18,059 | 65.0 | −5.5 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Stuart Kelly | 5,125 | 18.4 | +5.6 |
| | Conservative | Howard Morton | 4,602 | 16.6 | −0.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12,934 | 46.6 | −7.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 27,786 | 48.7 | +0.4 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −5.6 | |
General election 2001: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 20,418 | 70.5 | −0.3 |
| | Conservative | Brian Stewart | 4,827 | 16.7 | +1.5 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Roy Wood | 3,722 | 12.8 | +3.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,591 | 53.8 | −1.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 28,967 | 48.3 | −17.5 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −0.9 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 27,825 | 70.8 | +7.2 |
| | Conservative | John Crosby | 5,982 | 15.2 | −9.9 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Roy Wood | 3,548 | 9.0 | −0.7 |
| | Socialist Labour | Mark Cullen | 1,168 | 3.0 | N/A |
| | Referendum | Richard Evans | 800 | 2.0 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 21,843 | 55.6 | +17.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 39,323 | 65.8 | −7.2 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +8.6 | |
General election 1992: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 29,098 | 63.6 | +4.9 |
| | Conservative | Robert Hughes | 11,485 | 25.1 | −1.3 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Pat M. Williams | 4,417 | 9.7 | −5.2 |
| | Green | Tina R. Fox | 543 | 1.2 | N/A |
| | Natural Law | Bridget Griffiths | 190 | 0.4 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,613 | 38.5 | +6.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 45,733 | 73.0 | +0.7 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +3.1 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 27,883 | 58.7 | +9.1 |
| | Conservative | Kenneth Costa | 12,511 | 26.4 | −2.5 |
| | Liberal | Richard Kemp | 7,095 | 14.9 | −5.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,372 | 32.3 | +11.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 47,489 | 72.3 | +2.6 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +5.8 | |
General election 1983: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 23,249 | 49.6 | −0.3 |
| | Conservative | Tom Peet | 13,535 | 28.9 | −6.8 |
| | Liberal | Gordon C. Lindsay | 9,782 | 20.8 | +7.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,714 | 20.7 | +6.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 46,566 | 69.7 | −4.2 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +3.6 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Frank Field | 20,803 | 49.9 | −1.4 |
| | Conservative | P. Gill | 14,894 | 35.7 | +6.8 |
| | Liberal | Roy Perkins | 5,708 | 13.7 | −6.1 |
| | Workers Revolutionary | M. Fletcher | 306 | 0.7 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,909 | 14.2 | −8.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 41,711 | 73.9 | +3.7 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −4.1 | |
General election October 1974: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Edmund Dell | 21,748 | 51.3 | +6.1 |
| | Conservative | E. Gearing | 12,264 | 28.9 | −1.0 |
| | Liberal | Gordon Lindsay | 8,380 | 19.8 | −5.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,484 | 22.4 | +7.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,392 | 70.2 | −6.3 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +3.6 | |
General election February 1974: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Edmund Dell | 20,696 | 45.2 | −5.5 |
| | Conservative | J.S. Pyke | 13,702 | 29.9 | −6.7 |
| | Liberal | Gordon Lindsay | 11,410 | 24.9 | +13.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,994 | 15.3 | +1.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 45,808 | 76.5 | +5.7 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +6.1 | |
General election 1970: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Edmund Dell | 20,980 | 50.7 | −9.4 |
| | Conservative | Robert Kris | 15,151 | 36.6 | −1.8 |
| | Liberal | Gruffydd Evans | 4,926 | 11.9 | N/A |
| | Communist | Barry Williams | 351 | 0.9 | −0.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,829 | 14.1 | −7.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 41,408 | 70.8 | −2.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −5.6 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Edmund Dell | 24,188 | 60.1 | +3.1 |
| | Conservative | Robert Adley | 15,438 | 38.4 | −4.6 |
| | Communist | Barry Williams | 604 | 1.5 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,750 | 21.7 | +7.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 40,230 | 72.9 | −1.5 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +3.9 | |
General election 1964: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Edmund Dell | 23,994 | 57.0 | +8.1 |
| | Conservative | Robert Kenelm Morland | 18,133 | 43.0 | +1.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,861 | 14.0 | +6.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,127 | 74.4 | −4.4 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +5.0 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Percy Collick | 22,990 | 48.9 | −4.6 |
| | Conservative | Kenneth Graham Routledge | 19,361 | 41.2 | −5.3 |
| | Liberal | G Frederick Bilson | 4,658 | 9.9 | new |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,629 | 7.7 | +0.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 47,009 | 78.8 | +3.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +5.0 | |
General election 1955: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Percy Collick | 24,526 | 53.5 | −1.5 |
| | Conservative | Harry S. Oddie | 21,345 | 46.5 | +1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,181 | 7.0 | −3.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 45,871 | 75.7 | −7.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −1.5 | |
General election 1951: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Percy Collick | 29,014 | 55.0 | +5.1 |
| | Conservative | Maxwell Reney-Smith | 23,765 | 45.0 | +6.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 5,249 | 10.0 | −1.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 52,779 | 82.8 | −2.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −5.9 | |
General election 1950: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Percy Collick | 26,472 | 49.9 | |
| | Conservative | Horace Trevor-Cox | 20,343 | 38.4 | |
| | Liberal | Denis Robertson Green | 5,234 | 9.9 | |
| | Communist | S. Coulthard | 971 | 1.8 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 6,129 | 11.5 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 53,020 | 84.9 | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1910s

General election December 1910: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Alfred Bigland | 8,304 | 53.4 | +3.8 |
| | Lib-Lab | Henry Vivian | 7,249 | 46.6 | −3.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,055 | 6.8 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,553 | 85.5 | −3.0 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 18,189 | | |
| | Conservative gain from Lib-Lab | Conservative gain from Lib-Lab | Swing | +3.8 | |
General election January 1910: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Lib-Lab | Henry Vivian | 8,120 | 50.4 | +1.4 |
| | Conservative | Alfred Bigland | 7,976 | 49.6 | +13.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 144 | 0.8 | −11.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,096 | 88.5 | +3.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 18,189 | | |
| | Lib-Lab hold | Lib-Lab hold | Swing | −5.9 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1900s

General election 1906: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Lib-Lab | Henry Vivian | 7,074 | 49.0 | N/A |
| | Conservative | Elliott Lees | 5,271 | 36.4 | N/A |
| | Independent Protestant | John Alfred Kensit | 2,118 | 14.6 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,803 | 12.6 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 14,463 | 85.0 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 17,010 | | |
| | Lib-Lab gain from Conservative | Lib-Lab gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A | |
General election 1900: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Elliott Lees | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Conservative hold |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1890s

General election 1895: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Elliott Lees | 6,178 | 50.8 | −2.0 |
| | Liberal | William Lever | 5,974 | 49.2 | +2.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 204 | 1.6 | −4.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,152 | 85.1 | +1.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,277 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −2.0 | |
By-election, 1894: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Elliott Lees | 6,149 | 50.4 | −2.4 |
| | Liberal | William Lever | 6,043 | 49.6 | +2.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 106 | 0.8 | −4.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,192 | 85.3 | +1.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 14,293 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −2.4 | |
General election 1892: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Arnold Keppel | 5,760 | 52.8 | −3.5 |
| | Liberal | William Lever | 5,156 | 47.2 | +3.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 604 | 5.6 | −7.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 10,196 | 83.8 | +6.7 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 13,031 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −3.5 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Edward Bruce Hamley | 5,255 | 56.3 | +0.6 |
| | Liberal | William Rann Kennedy | 4,086 | 43.7 | −0.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,169 | 12.6 | +1.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,341 | 77.1 | −7.9 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,115 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +0.6 | |
General election 1885: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Edward Bruce Hamley | 5,733 | 55.7 | +3.3 |
| | Liberal | William Rann Kennedy | 4,560 | 44.3 | −3.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,173 | 11.4 | +6.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 10,293 | 85.0 | +0.8 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,115 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +3.3 | |
General election 1880: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | David MacIver | 4,025 | 52.4 | −17.6 |
| | Liberal | Arthur John Williams | 3,658 | 47.6 | +17.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 367 | 4.8 | −35.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,683 | 84.2 | +13.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,127 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −17.6 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1870s

By-election, 26 Nov 1874: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | David MacIver | 3,421 | 58.0 | −12.0 |
| | Liberal | Samuel Stitt | 2,474 | 42.0 | +12.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 947 | 16.0 | −24.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,895 | 79.0 | +8.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,458 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −12.0 | |
* Caused by Laird's death.
General election 1874: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Laird | 3,692 | 70.0 | +11.1 |
| | Lib-Lab | James Samuelson | 1,580 | 30.0 | −11.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,112 | 40.0 | +22.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,272 | 70.7 | −13.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,458 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +11.1 | |
Back to Elections

### Elections in the 1860s

General election 1868: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Laird | 2,921 | 58.9 | −7.4 |
| | Liberal | Sherard Osborn | 2,039 | 41.1 | +7.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 882 | 17.8 | −14.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,960 | 84.2 | +14.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,892 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | −7.4 | |
General election 1865: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Laird | 2,108 | 66.3 | |
| | Liberal | Henry Jackson | 1,073 | 33.7 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,035 | 32.6 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,181 | 69.7 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 4,563 | | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
While the seat was created in 1861, it is considered a new seat for the purposes of the 1865 general election.
By-election, 11 Dec 1861: Birkenhead :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Laird | 1,643 | 55.9 | |
| | Liberal | Thomas Brassey | 1,296 | 44.1 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 347 | 11.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,939 | 84.2 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 3,489 | | |
| | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) | Conservative win (new seat) |
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