# List of political parties in Nepal

The following is the list of political parties in Nepal registered in the Election Commission.

## National parties

A party registered with the Election Commission of Nepal is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils the two conditions listed below:
* The party needs to win at least one FPTP seat in Pratinidhi Sabha.
* The party gets at least 3% of the total valid proportional representation (PR) votes in Pratinidhi Sabha.
There are currently eight national parties in Nepal.
| Party | Party | Party | Founded | Political position | Ideology | Leader | Federal Parliament | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Local government |
| Party | Party | Party | Founded | Political position | Ideology | Leader | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Koshi | Madhesh | Bagmati | Gandaki | Lumbini | Karnali | Sudur­pashchim | Heads | Councillors |
| | | Nepali Congress नेपाली काँग्रेस | 1950 | Centre to centre-left | Social democracy Third way | Sher Bahadur Deuba | 88 / 275 | 16 / 59 | 29 / 93 | 22 / 107 | 37 / 110 | 27 / 60 | 27 / 87 | 15 / 40 | 18 / 53 | 331 / 753 | 13,773 / 35,097 |
| | | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एमाले) | 1991 | Left-wing | Communism Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | KP Sharma Oli | 79 / 275 | 11 / 59 | 40 / 93 | 23 / 107 | 27 / 110 | 22 / 60 | 29 / 87 | 10 / 40 | 10 / 53 | 205 / 753 | 11,929 / 35,097 |
| | | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) नेपाल कमयुनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) | 1994 | Far-left | Communism Prachanda Path | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 32 / 275 | 18 / 59 | 13 / 93 | 7 / 107 | 21 / 110 | 7 / 60 | 9 / 87 | 13 / 40 | 11 / 53 | 121 / 753 | 5,045 / 35,097 |
| | | Rastriya Swatantra Party (National Independent Party) राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी | 2022 | Centre to Centre-right | Economic liberalism | Rabi Lamichhane | 21 / 275 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | | Rastriya Prajatantra Party (National Democratic Party) राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी | 1990 | Centre-right to right-wing | Constitutional monarchism Economic liberalism Hindutva | Rajendra Prasad Lingden | 14 / 275 | — | 6 / 93 | 1 / 107 | 13 / 110 | 2 / 60 | 4 / 87 | 1 / 40 | 1 / 53 | 4 / 753 | 305 / 35,097 |
| | | People's Socialist Party जनता समाजवादी पार्टी | 2024 | Centre-left to left-wing | Democratic socialism Minority rights | Ashok Rai | 7 / 275 | — | 1 / 93 | — | — | — | 2 / 87 | — | — | 5 / 753 | 248 / 35,097 |
| | | Janamat Party (Public Opinion Party) जनमत पार्टी | 2019 | Centre-left | Social democracy Regionalism Madheshi rights | Chandra Kant Raut | 6 / 275 | — | — | 13 / 107 | — | — | 3 / 87 | — | — | 2 / 753 | 96 / 35,097 |
| | | People's Socialist Party, Nepal जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल | 2020 | Centre-left to left-wing | Democratic socialism Minority rights | Upendra Yadav | 5 / 275 | 3 / 59 | — | 19 / 107 | — | — | 1 / 87 | — | — | 25 / 753 | 1,300 / 35,097 |
^ a: The NSP only collaborated with the CPN (MC) for the 2022 Nepalese general election using CPN (MC)'s election symbol as a common symbol for both the parties. Out of their 32 seats combined in the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal, 2 seats are of the NSP: Mahindra Ray Yadav elected directly and Umrawati Devi Yadav from the PR Category. The NSP alone did not secure a national party status.

## Other parties currently represented in the Federal parliament

A political party securing less than 3% of the PR votes will have to send its directly elected or FPTP candidates to the parliament as independent lawmakers. In other words, candidates from any political party failing to meet the criteria to become a national party will be ineligible to be represented in parliament as a party.
There are currently five such political parties which failed to achieve national status yet are represented in Nepal's Parliament.
| Party | Party | Party | Founded | Political position | Ideology | Leader | Federal Parliament | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Local government |
| Party | Party | Party | Founded | Political position | Ideology | Leader | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Koshi | Madhesh | Bagmati | Gandaki | Lumbini | Karnali | Sudur pashchim | Heads | Councillors |
| | | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी) | 2021 | Left-wing | Communism Marxist–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 10 / 275 | 8 / 59 | 4 / 93 | 7 / 107 | 7 / 110 | 1 / 60 | 1 / 87 | 1 / 40 | 4 / 53 | 20 / 753 | 987 / 35,097 |
| | | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal (Democratic Socialist Party, Nepal) लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल | 2021 | Centre-left | Social democracy Third way | Mahantha Thakur | 4 / 275 | 1 / 59 | — | 9 / 107 | — | — | 3 / 87 | — | — | 16 / 753 | 581 / 35,097 |
| | | Nagrik Unmukti Party (People's Freedom Party) नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी | 2022 | Centre-left | Social democracy Tharu rights | Ranjeeta Shrestha | 3 / 275 | — | — | 1 / 107 | — | — | 4 / 87 | — | 8 / 53 | 4 / 753 | 99 / 35,097 |
| | | Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party (Nepal Workers Peasants Party) नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी | 1975 | Far-left | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Juche | Narayan Man Bijukchhe | 1 / 275 | — | — | — | 3 / 110 | — | — | — | — | 1 / 753 | 85 / 35,097 |
| | | Rastriya Janamorcha (National People's Front) राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा | 2006 | Far-left | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-federalism | Chitra Bahadur K.C. | 1 / 275 | 1 / 59 | — | — | — | — | 1 / 87 | — | — | 4 / 753 | 159 / 35,097 |

## Parties currently represented only in provincial assemblies

| Party | Party | Party | Founded | Political position | Leader | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Local government | Local government |
| Party | Party | Party | Founded | Political position | Leader | Provincial Assemblies | Provincial Assemblies | Head | Councillors | Local councils |
| | | Hamro Nepali Party (Our Nepali Party) हाम्रो नेपाली पार्टी | 2022 | Big tent | Ananta Raj Ghimire | Bagmati | 2 / 110 | — | — | — |
| | | Nepal Federal Socialist Party नेपाल संघीय समाजवादी पार्टी | 2016 | Centre-left | Mohammad Rizwan Ansari | Madhesh | 1 / 107 | — | — | — |

## Parties represented only in local government

| Party | Party | Party | Political position | Leader | Local government | Local government | Local government |
| Party | Party | Party | Political position | Leader | Head | Councillors | Local councils |
| | | People's Progressive Party जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी | Centre-left | Hridayesh Tripathi | 1 / 753 | 22 / 35,097 | Marchawari |
| | | Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party (Terai Madhesh Democratic Party) तराई-मधेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | | Brikhesh Chandra Lal | 1 / 753 | 12 / 35,097 | Janakpur & Mahottari |
| | | Bibeksheel Sajha Party विवेकशील साझा पार्टी | | Samikshya Baskota | 1 / 753 | 11 / 35,097 | Pheta |
| | | Nepal Janata Party (Nepal People's Party) नेपाल जनता पार्टी | Right-wing | Tribhuvan Nath Pathak | — | 10 / 35,097 | Kamala & Kotahimai |
| | | Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Federal Democratic National Front) संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च | Centre-left | Kumar Lingden | — | 9 / 35,097 | Chulachuli, Kankai, Pathibhara Yanwarak & Sidingwa |
| | | Nepali Congress (B.P.) नेपाली कांग्रेस (बि.पी.) | Centre-left | Sushil Man Sherchan | — | 7 / 35,097 | Amargadhi & Ganyapadhura |
| | | Nepal Loktantrik Party (Nepal Democratic Party) नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी | Centre-left | Bhanuram Dagaura Tharu | — | 7 / 35,097 | Kalaiya & Lamki Chuha |
| | | Rastriya Janamukti Party (National People's Liberation Party) राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टी | Centre-left | Khadak Prasad Palungwa | — | 7 / 35,097 | Butwal, Kaligandaki & Mangsebung |
| | | Bahujan Shakti Party (Bahujan Power Party) बहुजन शक्ति पार्टी | Centre-left | Bishwendra Paswan | — | 6 / 35,097 | Krishnanagar & Lakshminiya |
| | | Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal (Bahujan Unity Party Nepal) बहुजन एकता पार्टी नेपाल | Left-wing | Harinandan Kumar Ranjan | — | 5 / 35,097 | Barahathawa |
| | | Nepal Sushashan Party (Nepal Good Governance Party) नेपाल सुशासन पार्टी | | Ramesh Prasad Kharel | — | 4 / 35,097 | Pokhariya |
| | | Communist Party of Nepal Maoist Socialist नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी माओवादी समाजवादी | Left-wing | Karnajit Budhathoki | — | 2 / 35,097 | Sarkegadh |
| | | Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Nepal Goodwill Party) नेपाल सद्भावना पार्टी | | Ram Kumar Mahato | — | 1 / 35,097 | Chhinnamasta |

## Other parties

| Party | Political position | Leader |
| Nepal Pariwar Dal | Centre-right | Ek Nath Dhakal |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | Left-wing | Chandra Prakash Mainali |
| Shree Mahendra Dal(Shreemad), Nepal | | Sushil K. Bisht |
| Khambuwan Rashtriya Morcha, Nepal | | Ram Kumar Rai |
| Bouddhik Prajatantrik Parishad | | Laxman Rajbanshi |
| Jana Jagaran Party Nepal | | Lokmani Dhakal |
| Samajvadi Janata Party | Centre-left | Prem Bahadur Singh |
| Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat) | | Rukmini Chaudhary |
| Madhesh Terai Forum | | Amar Yadav |
| Nepal Communist Party (Marxist) | Far-left | Prakash Adhikari |
| Communist Party of Nepal | Far-left | Rishi Ram Kattel |
| Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum Madhesh | | Bhagya Nath Gupta |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist) | Far-left | Bishnu Raj Aryal |
| Shiva Sena Nepal | Right-wing to far-right | Arun Subedi |
| Nepal Sukumbasi Party (Loktantrik) | | Hukum Bahadur Lama |
| Bahujan Samaj Party Nepal | Centre-left | Ganga Prasad Mahara |
| Deshbhakta Paryabaraniya Samajik Morcha | Centre | Surendra Prasad Dhakal |
| Rastrabadi Ekta Party | | Uma Shrestha |
| Tamangsaling Loktantrik Party | | |
| Lok Dal | | Kaushal Kumar Singh |
| Deshbhakta Samaj | | |
| Janashakti Nepal | | Ram Kumar Ojha |
| Miteri Party Nepal | | |
| Rastriya Shiva Sena Party | Right-wing | Bikram Bahadur Bam |
| Akhanda Sudurpashchim Party Nepal | | Khagendra Awasthi |
| Nepal Prajatantrik Pragatisheel Party | | |
| Pichhadabarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party | | |
| Janasamajvadi Party, Nepal | Centre-left | |
| Churebhavar Loktantrik Party | | Bhumiraj Niraula |
| Rastriya Churebhavar Party | | Shiva Prasad Tamang |
| Chure Bhawar Rastriya Party | | Keshav Prasad Mainali |
| Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekta Party Nepal | | Badri Neupane |
| Rastriya Janata Dal Nepal | | Bharat Prasad Mahato |
| Lok Kalyankari Janata Party, Nepal | | |
| Nepal Samajbadi Party (Lohiyabadi) | Centre-left | |
| Gandhivadi Party Nepal | | |
| Rastravadi Party | | |
| Nepal Purvarastrasevak Loktantrik Party | | |
| Nepal Janaloktantrik Party | | |
| Nepal People's Party | | |
| Rastriya Jana Ekta Party | | |
| Hamro Party | | |
| Nepal Dalit Party | | |
| Hamro Party Nepal | | |
| Yuva Nepal Party | | |
| Nepal Loktantrik Janata Congress Party | | |
| Nepal Samajwadi Janata Dal | Left-wing | |
| Nepal Bahudal Party | | Ambika Rana |
| Prajatantrik Shakti Party | Centre-right | Ganesh Bahadur Shrestha |
| Nepali Jantantra Party | | |
| People's Progressive Party | Centre-left | Jukti Jung Lamichhane |
| Unnat Loktantra Party | N/A | Swagat Nepal |

## Defunct parties

This is a list of defunct political parties of Nepal that have had some representation in the legislature.
| Party | Founded | Defunct |
| Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad | 1951 | Unknown |
| Communist Party of Nepal | 1949 | 1962 |
| Nepal Praja Parishad | 1951 | 1961 |
| Samyukta Prajatantra Party | 1955 | Unknown |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) | 1979 | 1991 |
| Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal | 1991 | 2002 |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United) | 1991 | 2005 |
| Nepal Sadbhawana Party | 1981 | 2017 |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand) | 1997 | 1998 |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | 1998 | 2002 |
| Nepali Congress (Democratic) | 2002 | 2007 |
| Janamorcha Nepal | 2002 | 2009 |
| Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) | 2003 | 2015 |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) | 2007 | 2013 |
| Rastriya Janashakti Party | 2007 | 2013 |
| Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal | 2007 | 2015 |
| Sadbhavana Party | 2007 | 2017 |
| Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party | 2007 | 2017 |
| Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) | 2009 | 2017 |
| Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi) | 2010 | 2013 |
| Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal | 2010 | 2013 |
| Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican) | 2011 | 2017 |
| Federal Socialist Party, Nepal | 2012 | 2015 |
| Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi Party | 2013 | 2017 |
| Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party | 2013 | 2017 |
| Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal | 2015 | 2019 |
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2016 | 2019 |
| Nepal Loktantrik Forum | 2017 | 2017 |
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2017 | 2020 |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic) | 2017 | 2020 |
| Nepal Communist Party | 2018 | 2021 |
| Samajbadi Party, Nepal | 2019 | 2020 |
| Rastriya Sadbhavana Party | Unknown | 2013 |
| Akhanda Nepal Party | Unknown | 2017 |
| Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party | Unknown | 2017 |
| Samajbadi Janata Party | Unknown | Unknown |