OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geely Panda Mini EV

The Geely Panda Mini EV is an electric car that has been manufactured by Geely Auto since 2022. It was sold under the Geometry marque, but badged as "Geome" instead. It made its official debut at a shopping mall in the city of Hangzhou in December 2022.

## Overview

Spotted in a series of photos from China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Panda has a square shape, similar to the Wuling Hongguang Mini EV. It sports a pair of simple circular headlights while it lacks a front grille.
The production version of the Panda Mini EV was launched in February 2023. The Panda Mini EV is equipped with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries supplied by Gotion Hi-Tech. The short-range version of the Panda Mini EV has a CLTC range of 120 km (75 mi), while the long-range version has a CLTC range of 200 km (120 mi) with a maximum driving speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The long-range version is fitted with a 30 kW (40 hp) front motor and supports 22 kW (30 hp) DC fast charging capable of charging the battery from 30% to 80% within 30 minutes.

## Sales

| Year | China |
| 2023 | 109,640 |
| 2024 | 131,599 |
# Erten Anisova

Erten Belginova Anisova (Bulgarian: Ертен Белгинова Анисова; born 25 April 1990) is a Bulgarian politician serving as a member of the National Assembly since 2022. From 2023 to 2024, she was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
# Bernard F. Grabowski

Bernard Francis Grabowski (June 11, 1923 – August 30, 2019) was an American politician who served as a two-term U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

## Biography

Grabowski was born in New Haven, Connecticut, attended St. Stanislaus Parochial School, and graduated from Bristol High School in Bristol, Connecticut in 1941. He served in the United States Army from 1943 to 1945. He received a B.S. degree from the University of Connecticut in 1949 and a J.D. from the University of Connecticut School of Law in 1952, and was admitted to the bar in 1953.
He served as a member of the Bristol Town Committee for eight years. He also served as councilman from 1953 to 1955, as judge of Bristol city court from 1955 to 1960, as city Coordinator of redevelopment from 1957 to 1959, and as Chief Prosecutor of the Bristol circuit court from 1960 to 1962.
In 1962, Grabowski was elected U.S. Representative from Connecticut's at-large seat as a Democrat. The at-large seat was abolished in 1964, and he was re-elected from the new Connecticut 6th District. He served in the Eighty-eighth and Eighty-ninth Congresses (January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1967).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election to the Ninetieth Congress in 1966, and subsequently resumed the practice of law. He was a resident of Bristol. He died in August 2019 at the age of 96.
# The Death of Tatius

The Death of Tatius (French: La mort de Tatius) is a 1788 history painting by the French artist Anne-Louis Girodet. Produced the year before the French Revolution, it is in the Neoclassical style. It is based on the mythical story of the Founding of Rome. It depicts the death of Titus Tatius, leader of the Sabines, while waging war against Romulus. It was entered in the Prix de Rome in 1788. Although Girodet failed to win that year, in 1789 he won the competition with Joseph and His Brethren. Today it is in the collection of the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Angers.
# Court of Legislature (Iceland)

The Court of Legislature (Icelandic: Lögrétta, Old Norse: Lǫgrétta "law-right") was a legislature and high court established in Iceland in the year 930 during the period of the Icelandic Commonwealth.

## 930 – c. 965

It was an institution of Althing, the nation's legislative and judicial authority. There was no executive power in the country at the time. After the country had been divided into four quarters around 965, four courts called quarter courts were established for each of them at Althing and thus took over the judicial responsibilities of the Court of Legislature.

## c. 1262 – 1563

Approximately 1015 a high court called the Fifth Court was established to hear cases left unsettled by the quarter courts. When the Commonwealth came to an end and Icelanders submitted to the authority of the Norwegian king in 1262 the Court of Legislature regained its judicial functions, as the Fifth Court and quarter courts were abolished, and retained some legislative authority. The Court of Legislature served as a high court and district courts were established as lower courts. Towards the end of the 14th century, royal succession brought both Norway and Iceland under the control of the Danish monarchy. With the introduction of absolute monarchy in Denmark-Norway, the Icelanders relinquished their autonomy to the crown, including the right to initiate and consent to legislation. After that, the Court of Legislature served almost exclusively as a court of law. In 1563 the High Court was established due to dissatisfaction with the Court of Legislature. From there on the Court of Legislature was no longer the high court of the country.

## 1563 – 1800

Both the Court of Legislature and the High Court were replaced when the National High Court was established as a high court the year 1800.
# Ivan Kondakov

Ivan Kondakov (1857–1931) was a chemist in the Russian Empire. As a professor of pharmacology of University of Tartu, he studied polymerisation and invented synthetic rubber in 1901.
In 1886, Kondakov was appointed as a laboratory assistant at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Warsaw. In December 1894, he defended his master's thesis in chemistry "О синтезе под вливнем хлористого цинка в раядь жировых содухания" at St. Petersburg University.
In 1895, he was appointed professor of pharmacy at the University of Tartu and worked in Tartu until 1918.
In 1899, Kondakov discovered the catalytic polymerization of dimethylbutadiene into a synthetic rubber-like substance. His research laid the foundation for the production of synthetic rubber in Germany during the First World War.
From 1918 to 1921, Kondakov worked at the University of Prague.
Kondakov had a house in the professors' district in Elva, where he lived from 1911 to 1918 and 1921 to 1931. He is buried in Elva Cemetery.

## Sources

* ↑ Joosep, Arnold (September 7, 2013). "Elva kalmistu ajaloost". Elva postipoiss. No. 2. p. 5. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
* Estonica: The sciences in Tartu in the 19th century
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# Altered (2006 film)

Altered is a 2006 American science fiction horror film directed by Eduardo Sánchez and written by Jamie Nash. It was Sánchez's first solo effort as director, following his co-directing of The Blair Witch Project in 1999.
The plot is an inversion of the standard alien abduction formula, as four men abduct an alien, planning to wreak revenge on the invading species. In its early stages, the film was titled Probed, and was intended as a comic homage to the work of Sam Raimi and Troma Entertainment.

## Plot

Altered is the story of four men who seek revenge on aliens, who abducted them and murdered one of their friends many years ago. As is explained via dialogue throughout the film, fifteen years before the events shown in the film, a group of five friends living in a remote American town were captured and experimented on by aliens while on a hunting trip. Only four of the friends returned alive.
The main character (Wyatt) has since distanced himself from his childhood friends and is shown to have decided to live with the past, albeit in apparent constant paranoia. Two of the remaining three characters, however, have been obsessed by revenge and have persuaded the remaining character that this is the correct course of action to take. The story opens with the tracking and subsequent capture of a lone alien—the consequences of which Wyatt and the three friends soon become deeply involved in.

## Cast

* Paul McCarthy-Boyington as Cody
* Brad William Henke as Duke
* Michael C. Williams as Otis
* Adam Kaufman as Wyatt
* Catherine Mangan as Hope
* James Gammon as Sheriff Tom Herderson
* Joe Unger as Mr. Towne

## Reception

Critical reception for Altered was mixed; Cinema Crazed gave the film a positive review, praising the "good old fashioned special effects mixed with wicked gore", while Reel Film was more ambivalent, suggesting that the film was "a little too talky for its own good, [but] practically a horror masterpiece when compared to some of its straight-to-video brethren." Roger Moore at the Orlando Sentinel was underwhelmed, reflecting that "too many of the arguments are whispered, too many settings are missing the horrific atmosphere the movie requires," and to Scott Weinberg at DVD Talk the film was "kind of a mixed bag: half chintzy and raw, half interesting and semi-creepy."
# 2024 Salzburg Open – Doubles

Andrey Golubev and Denys Molchanov were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Manuel Guinard and Grégoire Jacq won the title after defeating Petr Nouza and Patrik Rikl 2–6, 6–3, [14–12] in the final.

## Seeds

* Alexander Erler / Lucas Miedler (first round)
* Théo Arribagé / Reese Stalder (quarterfinals)
* Manuel Guinard / Grégoire Jacq (champions)
* Jakob Schnaitter / Mark Wallner (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Erler L Miedler | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Nico Hipfl J Kym | 6 | 6 | | WC | N Hipfl J Kym | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Ryan Nijboer TA Tirante | 6 | 3 | [8] | | D Pichler G Ricca | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Pichler Giorgio Ricca | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | WC | N Hipfl J Kym | | | | | | | |
| 3 | M Guinard G Jacq | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | M Guinard G Jacq | w/o | | | | | | |
| | F Bergevi M Veldheer | 2 | 2 | | 3 | M Guinard G Jacq | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Sandro Kopp N Oberleitner | 6 | 6 | | | S Kopp N Oberleitner | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Fancutt R Statham | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | M Guinard G Jacq | 2 | 6 | [14] |
| | P Nouza P Rikl | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | P Nouza P Rikl | 6 | 3 | [12] |
| | D Jordà Sanchis A Moro Cañas | 4 | 2 | | | P Nouza P Rikl | 6 | 6$^6$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Alves D Sharan | 6$^2$ | 6 | [5] | 4 | J Schnaitter M Wallner | 4 | 7$^8$ | [4] | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Schnaitter M Wallner | 7$^7$ | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | P Nouza P Rikl | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | M Kestelboim F Roncadelli | 4 | 6$^7$ | | | | | | | WC | P Oswald J Schwärzler | 3 | 4 | | | | | |
| WC | P Oswald J Schwärzler | 6 | 7$^9$ | | WC | P Oswald J Schwärzler | 7$^8$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Rodríguez Taverna Patrick Zahraj | 5 | 3 | | 2 | T Arribagé R Stalder | 6$^6$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | T Arribagé R Stalder | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Albert Buchmann

Albert Buchmann (28 October 1894 – 17 May 1975) was a German politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and was Reichstag deputy of the party from 1924 to 1933.

## Life

Buchmann was born in 1894 in Pirmasens. From 1914 to 1918 he served as a soldier in the First World War. After the end of the war, in 1919 he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 1920 he moved to Munich, where in 1921 he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KDP). In 1922 he became president of the Shoe Workers' Union. From 1923 Buchmann was head of the KPD in Munich. In October 1923 he was imprisoned. In the years 1925 to 1932 he was political director of the Southern Bavaria district. From 1932 he held the same position in the district of Württemberg. From 1924 to 1932 he belonged to the constituency Upper Bavaria-Swabia.
In May 1933, Buchmann was arrested and accused of high treason. In 1936 he was sent to Dachau concentration camp and Ludwigsburg prison. In 1940 he was moved to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 1942 he was moved to Flossenbürg concentration camp until his release in 1945.
He was released at the end of the war and from 1945 he was chairman of the KPD for Northern Wuerttemberg. From 1946-1950 he was a member of the Provisional People's Representative for Baden-Württemberg, the National Constituent Assembly of Baden-Württemberg and the first parliament of Baden-Württemberg. In 1948, Buchmann became a member of the party executive of the KPD.
In 1952 he emigrated to the German Democratic Republic. From 1955 he was party secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. From 1956 to 1971 he was a member of the Central Committee of the now banned West German KPD.
He died in 1975 in Berlin.

## Literature

* Martin Broszat, Hartmut Mehringer (eds.): Bayern in der NS-Zeit. Die Parteien KPD, SPD, BVP in Verfolgung und Widerstand. Oldenbourg, München 1983, S. 25.
* Klaus J. Becker: Die KPD in Rheinland-Pfalz 1946–1956. von Hase & Koehler, Mainz 2001, S. 424.
* Hermann Weber, Andreas Herbst: Deutsche Kommunisten. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 bis 1945. Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 3-320-02044-7, S. 129f.
# Men of Letters

Men of Letters: The Post Office Heroes who Fought the Great War is a book by Duncan Barrett, co-author of The Sugar Girls and GI Brides and editor of The Reluctant Tommy. It was published by AA Publishing on 1 August 2014 and officially launched on 4 August to marked the hundredth anniversary of Britain's declaration of war.

## Content

The book tells the story of the Post Office Rifles during the First World War. 12,000 men served with the unit during the course of the war, across three battalions, and around 1,500 of them were killed. The book describes in detail the horror and suffering of the war and Barrett writes about a man who was shot in the head by a former Post Office colleague before being suffocated by mud near Passchendaele. He also describes the humour of life in the trenches, including an incident in which some former postmen delivered mail to the Germans on the other side of no man's land by wedging them into carrots and throwing them across.
Barrett's research for the book involved reading memoirs written by men who served with the Post Office Rifles, as well as their letters and diary entries from the time, held at the Imperial War Museum and the British Postal Museum & Archive. He was in part inspired to write it after learning that his own great-great-uncle had fought alongside the Post Office Rifles at High Wood, although in a different London regiment.

## Reception

The book was positively reviewed by Christopher Hirst in the i, Paul Pettengale in History of War magazine and a reviewer in Britain at War magazine, and received radio coverage on BBC Radio London, BBC Radio Bristol and BBC Radio Derby.
# Highlands Ranch High School

Highlands Ranch High School, commonly referred to as Ranch or HRHS, is a public high school in Highlands Ranch, Colorado. It is part of the Douglas County School District.

## History

Highlands Ranch opened in 1987 as the third high school in the district, after Douglas County High School in Castle Rock and Ponderosa High School in Parker. It was the first high school in Highlands Ranch. The rapid population growth in northern Douglas County has resulted in the opening of three other high schools in the area since Highlands Ranch High School opened.

## Sports

Highlands Ranch High School participates at the 5A level in the Colorado Continental League conference. HRHS girls' basketball has had a long-standing dominance in Colorado. Under coach Caryn Jarocki, they won seven state championships between 2000 and 2011.

## Performing Arts

Highlands Ranch High School performing arts programs have been recognized nationwide, with their choir even performing at Carnegie Hall.

## Notable alumni

* Erin Baxter (class of 1995), former professional soccer player in the WUSA.
* Ryan Burr (class of 2012), pitcher for the Chicago White Sox
* Mike Conneen, reporter for WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C.
* Brian Johnson (class of 1997), former AFL fullback
* Jason Kaiser (class of 1992), former NFL, CFL, XFL and AFL safety
* Drake Nugent (class of 2019), football center for the Michigan Wolverines
* Mike Purcell (class of 2009), NFL defensive lineman for the Denver Broncos
* Keri Russell, Golden Globe-winning actress and dancer
* Daniel Schlereth (class of 2004), MLB pitcher for the Detroit Tigers and son of ESPN NFL analyst Mark Schlereth
* Brad Stisser (class of 2005), professional soccer player for AC St. Louis
* Ann Strother (class of 2002), Director of Operations for Colorado Buffaloes women's basketball and former WNBA player
* Kasey Studdard (class of 2002), former NFL offensive guard
* Craig Thompson (class of 2004), soccer player for the Real Colorado Foxes
* Courtney Zablocki, (class of 1999) 2-time Olympic luger
# Gissur

Gissur or Gizur is an Icelandic given name, originally from Old Norse Gizurr. Notable persons with that name include:
* Gizur, a King of the Geats
* Gissur Teitsson, known as Gissur the White, 11th century Icelandic chieftain
* Gissur Ísleifsson (1042–1118), second bishop of Iceland, and grandson of Gissur Teitsson
* Gissur Þorvaldsson (1208–1268), Icelandic chieftain
* Gissur Einarsson (c. 1512 – 1548), Icelandic bishop
* Gissur Petersson (born 1958), Icelandic political scientist and economist
# Messala Merbah

Messala Merbah (Arabic: ميصالة مرباح; born 22 July 1994) is an Algerian footballer who plays for CS Constantine.

## Club career

In 2020, Messala Merbah signed a two-year contract with ES Sétif.
In 2021, Messala Merbah signed a two-year contract with USM Alger.
In July 2023, he joined CS Constantine.

## Honours

USM Alger
* CAF Confederation Cup: 2022–23
# Flip Flap Railway

Flip Flap Railway was the name of a looping wooden roller coaster which operated for a number of years at Paul Boyton's Sea Lion Park on Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York. The coaster, which opened in 1895, was one of the first looping roller coasters to operate in North America. It was also notable for its engineering as well as the extreme G-forces which this engineering inflicted on riders.

## History and design

The first looping roller coasters were built in Europe in the mid-1800s. These rides, known as "centrifugal railways", were initially designed to be temporary installations and they achieved little success.
The Flip Flap Railway was tested in Toledo, Ohio in 1888 by designer Lina Beecher before the coaster was moved to Coney Island. The coaster was tested with sand bags and monkeys before human riders were allowed on the coaster. The coaster had a single rail and riders rode two-to-a-car and sat in tandem. Sea Lion Park developer Boyton liked Beecher's coaster and decided to move it to Sea Lion Park.
Flip Flap Railway was shut down along with Sea Lion Park in 1902. While Sea Lion Park was replaced with Luna Park in 1903, Flip Flap Railway was not retained as it was not as popular.The 2-person cars also meant that it was difficult to turn a profit on the coaster.

## Ride experience

Like the earlier centrifugal railways in Europe, Flip Flap Railway was notorious for the extreme g-forces that it produced in its riders. The circular nature of the coaster's loop, as well as its relatively small diameter of 7.6 metres (25 ft), meant that it could produce forces of approximately 12 g$_0$ (120 m/s$^2$). This caused riders to often experience discomfort and neck injuries from whiplash. Modern looping roller coasters use teardrop-shaped loops to greatly reduce these g-forces.
# Lecithasteridae

Lecithasteridae is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida.

## Genera

Genera:
* Acanthuritrema Yamaguti, 1970
* Aponurus Looss, 1907
* Assitrema Parukhin, 1976
# McPherson Township, Sherman County, Kansas

McPherson Township is one of the thirteen townships of Sherman County, Kansas, United States. The population was 52 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

Located in the southwestern corner of the county, along the Colorado border, it borders the following townships:
* Stateline Township — north
* Lincoln Township — northeast
* Smoky Township — east
* Sharon Springs Township, Wallace County — southeast
* Weskan Township, Wallace County — southwest
Kit Carson County lies across the Colorado border to the west.
It lies southwest of the county seat of Goodland. There are no communities in the township.
The north fork of the Smoky Hill River flows through McPherson Township.

## Transportation

Only local roads are located in McPherson Township.

## Government

As an active township, McPherson Township is governed by a three-member board, composed of the township trustee, the township treasurer, and the township clerk. The trustee acts as the township executive.
# Njáll

Njáll (Old Norse pronunciation:; Icelandic pronunciation:) is an old Viking given name native to Iceland and other Scandinavian countries. It was borrowed from the Old Irish name Niall.

## People with this name

* Njáll Þorgeirsson, character in Njall Saga
* Njáll Trausti Friðbertsson (born 1969), Icelandic politician