# CarMax

CarMax, Inc. is a used vehicle retailer based in the United States. It operates two business segments: CarMax Sales Operations and CarMax Auto Finance. The company began as a side business of Circuit City, opening its first location in September 1993 in Richmond, Virginia. As of January 2025, CarMax operates 253 locations.
While CarMax stores focus on marketing used vehicles, the company acquired its first new car franchise with Chrysler Corporation in 1996. By 1999, it added new vehicle franchises for Mitsubishi Motors, Toyota, and Nissan. In late 2021, CarMax sold its last new vehicle dealership, located in Kenosha, Wisconsin, to the Rydell Company.

## About

CarMax's headquarters is located in Richmond, Virginia. CarMax Auto Finance operates from Kennesaw, Georgia. There are CarMax retail locations in 41 states as well as customer service call centers (called Customer Experience Centers).

## Concept

Circuit City executives developed the concept for CarMax under then-CEO Richard L. Sharp. It was developed for nearly a year in 1991, using the code name "Project X". It was also known as "Honest Rick's Used Cars" to those intimately involved in the skunk works team. The concept was first proposed by Ronald L. Moore of Richmond, Virginia, a consultant hired by Circuit City to evaluate possible business opportunities beyond the scope of their consumer electronics locations.
Before the first store was built, DeVito/Verdi was hired as the advertising agency and creative resource. The company executed the campaign and additional TV advertisements throughout several years in support of the launch and the initial wave of stores.
The business model began with no fees. However, the model was subsequently abandoned for the current business model after it was determined that customers were not concerned about paying transaction fees to purchase a vehicle.
A typical CarMax store is approximately 59,000 square feet (5,500 m$^2$), carries an inventory of 300–400 vehicles, and turns its inventory over eight to ten times a year. On average, a CarMax location employs 40 sales associates. Each car goes through a thorough 125-point inspection process, beyond any state-required inspections, and includes a 90-day warranty, three days to change the financing for free, and, 10-day money-back guarantee (reduced in 2024 from a 30-day money-back guarantee).
Circuit City issued the first CarMax stock in February 1997, when CarMax had seven locations. Initially, the stock was a tracking stock still under the umbrella of Circuit City. CarMax officially split from Circuit City as of October 1, 2002, when it was spun off as a stock dividend for Circuit City shareholders, with shares also issued to those holding CarMax tracking stock.
CarMax sold over 750,000 vehicles to consumers in Fiscal Year 2021 (March 1, 2020–February 28, 2021). According to the CarMax fiscal year 2018 report released on April 24, 2018, the company opened 15 used car superstores in Fiscal Year 2018, and planned to open 15 additional stores in Fiscal Year 2019.

## Competition

While CarMax is seen as the nation's largest used-car retailer, it has competition. With a significant shift in customer shopping habits, more online-only companies have worked to capture Carmax's share in the used vehicle market. CarMax unveiled an Omni-channel platform to allow customers to buy a car online, in-store, or any combination of these. They have provided opportunities for customers to choose vehicle delivery at their homes, contactless curbside pickup, and more. These offerings directly compete with other home delivery-based options such as Carvana, CarGurus, Vroom, Shift Technologies, and others.

## Recognition

CarMax is listed on Fortune's "100 Best Companies to Work For" list from 2005 to 2023, placing 75th in 2023.
Other awards include:
* Fortune Best Workplaces in Retail
* Best Workplaces for Diversity 2019
* Training Magazine's - Training Top 125