OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Protognathinus

Protognathinus is an extinct genus of stag beetle from the Eocene of Europe, known from the Messel Pit in Germany. This genus is known from the single species P. spielbergi.

## Etymology

The specific name spielbergi refers to American film director Steven Spielberg, whose film Jurassic Park the authors considered to have contributed to the revival of interest in the earth's ancient past.

## Description

At 55 mm (2.2 inches) in total length, Protognathinus is one of the largest known fossil beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. It is comparable to other large fossil beetles such as Cheirotonus otai and Oryctoantiquus borealis. Like other beetle fossils known from the Messel Pit, Protognathinus fossils retain the color of the exoskeleton.
The details of the classification within the family are not well understood, and it is sometimes placed in Lampriminae and sometimes in Lucaninae. Morphological similarities with early Cretaceous species Litholamprima qizhihaoi, described from the Yixian Formation, have been pointed out.
# Henley High School (Klamath Falls, Oregon)

Henley High School is a public high school in Henley, southeast of Klamath Falls, Oregon, United States in Klamath County.

## Academics

In 2017, 98% of the school's seniors received their high school diploma. Of 144 students, 142 graduated, and two dropped out.

## Sports

* Baseball
* Basketball (boys/girls)
* Cross country (boys/girls)
* Football
* Golf (boys/girls)
* Soccer (boys/girls)
* Softball
* Swimming (boys/girls)
* Tennis (boys/girls)
* Track and field (boys/girls)
* Volleyball
* Wrestling (boys/girls)

## Clubs

* DECA
* Air Force JROTC
* KEY Club
* Yearbook
* Marching, Pep, Symphonic, and Jazz band
* Choir
* Drama
* HOSA
* Cheerleading
* FFA
# Henry William Newlands

Henry William Newlands (March 19, 1862 – August 9, 1954) was a Canadian politician and lawyer, who served as the fourth lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, 1921 to 1931.

## Biography

Born in March 1862 in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Henry William Newlands was the son of James and Henrietta Newlands, and was educated in Halifax. Newlands was called to the Nova Scotia Bar in 1883, after which he would go on to have an important role in the domain of law. That same year, he moved to Western Canada, residing briefly in Winnipeg.
In 1885, Newlands moved to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan where he practiced law. He also served as inspector of land titles offices in the Northwest Territories as well as law adviser to the Yukon Executive Council. In 1902, Newlands served as Acting Commissioner for several months when Commissioner James Hamilton Ross was elected MP for Yukon in the House of Commons of Canada.
On February 5, 1904, he was named a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories, and continued to hold on to the job following the creation of the province of Saskatchewan in 1905.
On March 2, 1918, Newlands was named a Judge of the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal. Three years later, Newlands was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan and would remain in office for a decade.

## Personal life

Newlands married Mary Paterson Stewart; the couple having 2 daughters. He died in St. Thomas, Ontario in 1954.
# Paw hsan hmwe

Paw san hmwe (Burmese: ပေါ်ဆန်းမွှေး, pronounced; also spelt paw san hmwe and known as Pearl Paw San or Myanmar pearl rice) is a high-grade variety of aromatic rice (fragrant rice) grown in Myanmar. Paw hsan hmwe is known for its good cooking quality, fragrant aroma, texture, good milling recovery, and substantial grain elongation during the cooking process. The medium-length grains of this rice variety can elongate up to three times in length while cooking. Paw hsan hmwe has intermediate amylose content, higher than jasmine rice, contributing to its hardness quality in line with Burmese consumer preferences. Myanmar's Paw San rice is one of the world's most recognized high quality rice, it was awarded the world's best rice at the Rice Trader's World Rice Conference in 2011. Paw San rice has a similar aroma, grain quality and eating quality to the reputable aromatic rice varieties of the world, namely Basmati of India and Pakistan and Jasmine of Thailand. It has a strong aroma similar to Jasmine rice and
the fluffiness and elongation-up to 3 times after cooking of Basmati rice. Despite these qualities, Paw San rice has not made it to the export market due to its low yield. As well, a high domestic demand leaves little to export. The low yield has been an important barrier to its wider adoption; only about 6% of the area under rice cultivation was planted to Paw San in 2013. In order to meet export target and increase export value, Myanmar would need to promote the wider adoption of Paw San rice. To support the campaign for adoption, the county also would need to develop the infrastructure and the technology to increase productivity.

## Varieties

Paw hsan hmwe is a variety of Oryza sativa. Paw hsan hmwe is the market name for two varieties of paw hsan rice, namely paw hsan gyi (ပေါ်ဆန်းကြီး), also known as Shwebo paw hsan, and paw hsan yin (ပေါ်ဆန်းရင်). The former variety is photoperiod sensitive and retains its aroma for up to 2 years with proper harvesting and storage, while the latter is non-photoperiod sensitive and possesses a strong aroma that fades after 5–6 months. Paw hsan gyi was developed in 1944 using pure line selection of the paw hsan rice varieties.

## Production and cultivation

Paw hsan hmwe is largely cultivated in the Irrawaddy delta region of Myanmar. Since the mid-2000s, cultivation has expanded to Upper Myanmar.
# Full Moon High

Full Moon High is a 1981 American comedy horror film written and directed by Larry Cohen. The film stars Adam Arkin, Ed McMahon and Roz Kelly.
The plot revolves around an adolescent boy becoming a werewolf while his aging process ceases.

## Plot

The film is about a teenager who goes on a trip to Transylvania with his father and gets bitten by a werewolf. Made ageless, he attempts to put his life back together a couple of decades later by enrolling in high school. He initially tries to keep his secret from the school and the three women who show interest in him — a sexually active high school student, his own former girlfriend (now a married mother of one), and one of his teachers. He ignores sexual advances because it is his "time of the month."
He later encourages the female high school student to film his transformation. She, and the students who later watch the film, mistake the footage at first for a stag film, but after people watch the whole film, the werewolf is arrested for the crimes he committed while in wolf form. He, as the wolf, escapes prison in time to participate in his high school's homecoming football game. There he is gunned down by a psychiatrist. He survives because inflation has rendered a single silver bullet insufficient to kill a werewolf.

## Cast

* Adam Arkin as Tony Walker
* Ed McMahon as Col. William P. Walker
* Roz Kelly as Jane
* Joanne Nail as Ricky
* Bill Kirchenbauer as Detective Jack Flynn
* Kenneth Mars as Coach / Principal Cleveland
* Elizabeth Hartman as Miss Montgomery
* Alan Arkin as Dr. Brand
* Louis Nye as Reverend
* Demond Wilson as Cabbie / Busdriver
* Cheryl Lockett Alexander as Pregnant Teenager
* Jim J. Bullock as Eddie
* Tom Aldredge as The Jailer
* Tom Clancy as Priest
* Laurene Landon as Blondie
* John Blyth Barrymore as Student
* Bob Saget as Sportscaster
* Pat Morita as Silversmith
* Armando G. Fernandez as School Dance Dancer
* Julius Harris as Hijacker(uncredited)

## Production

The film was filmed partially at John Burroughs Senior High School in the city of Burbank, California, in the summer of 1979. A portion of this movie was also filmed on location in Lyndhurst, New Jersey, on the football field in Bergen County Park at the foot of Valley Brook Avenue and River Road. The stands were filled with everyone from the town, and the varsity football team of that year were featured.
It is Cohen's "only outright comedy"

## Reception

The film has a seemingly disorganised structure that may be explained by its chaotic production conditions.

## Legacy

Dread Central called the film a cult classic. The film has been compared to the later Teen Wolf.

### Screening

The film was screened at the Paris French Cinémathèque in January 2023 as part of the Cohen retrospective.
# Concealed Enemies

Concealed Enemies is a 1984 American PBS docudrama, produced by WGBH-TV in Boston, about the events leading to the arrest, conviction and imprisonment of former U.S. State Department official Alger Hiss. Directed by Jeff Bleckner, written by Hugh Whitemore and starring Edward Herrmann as Hiss, John Harkins as Whittaker Chambers and Peter Riegert as Richard Nixon, the two-part miniseries won the 1984 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series.
The title comes from August 25, 1948, known as "Confrontation Day," during which Whittaker Chambers stated:
   The story has spread that in testifying against Mr. Hiss I am working out some old grudge, or motives of revenge or hatred. I do not hate Mr. Hiss. We were close friends, but we are caught in a tragedy of history. Mr. Hiss represents the concealed enemy against which we are all fighting, and I am fighting. I have testified against him with remorse and pity, but in a moment of history in which this Nation now stands, so help me God, I could not do otherwise.
Senator Joseph McCarthy paraphrased this phrase with his own: "the enemy within."
Goldcrest Films invested £558,000 in the film and received £545,000 causing them a loss of £13,000.
# Besht Yeshiva Dresden

The Besht Yeshiva Dresden is a Jewish educational institution in Dresden, Germany and the first founded Yeshiva in East Germany after the Shoah, as well as the first liberal-Hasidic yeshiva in the world. It was named after the founder of the Hasidic movement, Baal Shem Tov.
In April 2020 Rabbi Akiva Weingarten founded the Besht Yeshiva in Dresden with the aim of giving Jewish Off the derech's the opportunity to live their Jewishness in a liberal way and to pass on their deep traditional knowledge in the non-Orthodox Jewish communities. The Yeshiva is open to everyone and offers Talmud lessons and Hebrew courses. Another goal of the Yeshiva is to make Jewish life visible and natural again in Dresden. "Besht" is an acronym for the name of the founder of the Hasidic movement, Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov (1700–1760).

## Founding and goals

The yeshiva is led by Rabbi Akiva Weingarten and Rabbi Shlomo Tikochinski. Besht Dresden created networks within the city in the fields of education, health, technology, industry, culture and society to exchange knowledge and to network with citizens and institutions of Dresden. Within less than a year the Yeshiva's existence it has gained great interest by many news outlets in Europe and support from various political, educational and philanthropic institutions.

## Background

Rabbi Akiva Weingarten, an ex-Satmar Hasid from New York, uses his experience as a so-called "OTD" to help other OTD's to find their own way in Judaism for themselves. Besht Yeshiva Dresden is mainly active in Dresden, but should in the future expand worldwide. Besht Yeshiva Dresden cooperates with the Jewish community in Dresden, the liberal Jewish community "Migwan" in Basel and the TU Dresden.
# Tim Wilson (British politician)

Tim Wilson (born 12 May 1961) is an English academic, animator, media and YouTube personality, political analyst and former politician.
He is best known for winning the Viewer's Champion vote and finishing in third place in the second series of the Channel 4 series, The Circle, in 2019. In 2015, he was selected as South Northamptonshire's candidate for the UK Independence Party. Tim has since said he joined the Party to "expose racism" from the inside, and actually voted Remain in the Brexit Referendum.

## Background

Wilson attended Ratcliffe College, Leicestershire, and then Oxford where he studied Theology in St Benet's Hall under Metropolitan Bishop Kallistos Ware and specialised in inter-faith dialogue, giving lectures in Birmingham. He was a theatre-designer, providing an "American Gothic" design for the first London revival of Stephen Sondheim's "Assassins" directed by Sam Buntrock He has travelled in Albania, Turkey and Greece drawing the views that Edward Lear first drew in 1848. His work is recorded in the Albanian Encyclopedia of Art. In 2016, he became a professor in the Moscow State Pedagogical University where he had previously lectured.

## Politics

Wilson was selected as UKIP's candidate for South Northamptonshire at the 2015 general election. However, he resigned from UKIP on 24 March in support of Humza Yousaf who said he was upset when David Coburn, the only UKIP MEP in Scotland, allegedly referred to Yousaf as the terrorist Abu Hamza. In his resignation letter, Tim Wilson made it clear that he believed Nigel Farage, the leader of UKIP had shown poor judgement in dismissing Coburn's alleged remarks as a "a joke in very poor taste. He would not be taking any action against him". Wilson later made the point that a joke should be funny and that linking Humza Yousaf to convicted terrorist Abu Hamza was not funny. Wilson is reported saying, "If Mr Coburn wants to make bad jokes about religion, then he is welcome to quit and join Monty Python". "You can’t toss this thing off as a joke with a pint of beer. It's unacceptable." As an animator, Wilson had made films for the UKIP campaign, UKIP's apparent response has been to accuse Wilson of not being interested in local affairs, a claim he denies in the Daventry Express, and by standing for election as a local Councillor.
While taking part in The Circle, Wilson claimed he actually voted to Remain and wished to "expose UKIP from the inside". In September 2021, Tim Wilson was diagnosed with cancer.

## Television

In September 2019, Wilson began appearing as a contestant in the second series of the Channel 4 reality series The Circle. He was a finalist, placed joint third in the series. He also won the shows "Viewers' Champion" title for being the most popular finalist by viewer's vote, winning a £30,000 prize. Since leaving the show, Wilson has been vocal in calling on the Government for change in the way reality television programmes are made.

## Awards

In 2012, Wilson won Best Animation at the Reed.co.uk Short Film Competition for How to be Boss.
# Hænsa-Þóris saga

Hænsa-Þóris saga (Old Norse: Hœnsa-Þóris saga; Icelandic: Hænsna-Þóris saga; "The Saga of Hen-Thorir") is one of the sagas of Icelanders.

## Plot

It tells the story of Hænsa-Þórir (Old Norse: Hœnsa-Þórir; Icelandic: Hænsna-Þórir; hænsn means "a hen"), a poor and unpopular man who acquires wealth as a merchant and manages to buy land. In the saga the upstart is compared negatively to his neighbours, who come from a more solid background; he causes strife between them. Eventually Hænsa-Þórir refuses to sell the neighbours hay for the winter. When they take the hay anyway, he burns them alive in their farmstead. A vendetta ensues in which Hænsa-Þórir is killed and beheaded; the neighbours then seal their differences with a marriage between their families.

## Themes

The saga highlights aspects of Icelandic culture, such as hospitality to guests and travellers, (expected) generosity to one's neighbours, and the need to gather support of a chieftain in order to obtain justice. Ari Þorgilsson mentions the events in his Íslendingabók in connection with a change in Icelandic law, whereby a legal complaint was no longer to be brought to the closest Thing (assembly) but to the Quarter Thing. It has also been suggested that Hænsa-Þóris saga was written in response to a change in the law originating from King Magnus VI of Norway. According to the new law, a farmer was obliged to sell his neighbours hay if they were in great need. If he refused to sell the hay, he had to pay a fine, and if he resisted with force, his neighbours could attack him in turn without committing a crime. This was a novelty in Icelandic jurisprudence, and a formal objection was raised against it at the Althing in 1281. According to this theory, the saga was written as propaganda in favour of the new law.
# Glaubenberg Pass

Glaubenberg Pass (el. 1540 m) is a high mountain pass in the Emmental Alps between the cantons of Lucerne and Obwalden in Switzerland.
It connects Entlebuch and Sarnen.
# Eli Saslow

Eli Eric Saslow (born May 15, 1982) is an American journalist, currently a writer-at-large for The New York Times. He has also written for The Washington Post and ESPN The Magazine. He is a 2014 and a 2023 winner of the Pulitzer Prize, a recipient of the George Polk award and other honors. He was also a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in feature writing in 2013, 2016 and 2017. He is a Writers Guild of America screenwriter, and the co-writer for Four Good Days, which stars Mila Kunis and Glenn Close and was nominated for an Academy Award. He has published three books, including the best-selling Rising Out of Hatred, which won the 2019 Dayton Literary Peace Prize.

## Education

He attended Heritage High School, in Littleton, Colorado, graduating in 2000, and is a 2004 graduate of the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University.

## Work

Saslow's 2018 book Rising Out of Hatred: The Awakening of a Former White Nationalist was the winner of the 2019 Dayton Literary Peace Prize for Nonfiction.
He is the author of Ten Letters: The Stories Americans Tell Their President (Random House, 2012), and four of his works have appeared in the anthology The Best American Sports Writing.

## Personal life

Saslow is married and lives in Portland, Oregon. He has three children.

## Books

* Voices from the Pandemic: Americans Tell Their Stories of Crisis, Courage and Resilience
* Saslow, Eli (2012). Ten Letters: the Stories Americans Tell Their President. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0307742551..
* Saslow, Eli (2018). Rising Out of Hatred: The Awakening of a Former White Nationalist. New York: Penguin Random House. ISBN 9780385542869..
# Random optimization

Random optimization (RO) is a family of numerical optimization methods that do not require the gradient of the optimization problem and RO can hence be used on functions that are not continuous or differentiable. Such optimization methods are also known as direct-search, derivative-free, or black-box methods.
The name random optimization is attributed to Matyas who made an early presentation of RO along with basic mathematical analysis. RO works by iteratively moving to better positions in the search-space which are sampled using e.g. a normal distribution surrounding the current position.

## Algorithm

Let $f:\mathbb {R} ^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ be the fitness or cost function which must be minimized. Let $x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}$ designate a position or candidate solution in the search-space. The basic RO algorithm can then be described as:
* Initialize x with a random position in the search-space.
* Until a termination criterion is met (e.g. number of iterations performed, or adequate fitness reached), repeat the following:
** Sample a new position y by adding a normally distributed random vector to the current position x
** If (f(y) < f(x)) then move to the new position by setting x = y
* Now x holds the best-found position.
This algorithm corresponds to a (1+1) evolution strategy with constant step-size.

## Convergence and variants

Matyas showed the basic form of RO converges to the optimum of a simple unimodal function by using a limit-proof which shows convergence to the optimum is certain to occur if a potentially infinite number of iterations are performed. However, this proof is not useful in practice because a finite number of iterations can only be executed. In fact, such a theoretical limit-proof will also show that purely random sampling of the search-space will inevitably yield a sample arbitrarily close to the optimum.
Mathematical analyses are also conducted by Baba and Solis and Wets to establish that convergence to a region surrounding the optimum is inevitable under some mild conditions for RO variants using other probability distributions for the sampling. An estimate on the number of iterations required to approach the optimum is derived by Dorea. These analyses are criticized through empirical experiments by Sarma who used the optimizer variants of Baba and Dorea on two real-world problems, showing the optimum to be approached very slowly and moreover that the methods were actually unable to locate a solution of adequate fitness, unless the process was started sufficiently close to the optimum to begin with.
# Frostbiter: Wrath of the Wendigo

Frostbiter: Wrath of the Wendigo, is an independent comedy horror film, filmed sometime in 1988 but released in 1995 by Troma Entertainment. One of the stars, Ron Asheton, was the guitarist for The Stooges.

## Synopsis

Two friends go hunting in the woods of Northern Michigan. While wandering the woods, they accidentally break a sacred circle, releasing a terrible monster: the Wendigo. The Wendigo goes on a terrible killing spree, leaving a gun-toting hero and his female love-interest to destroy the monster.

## Details

The film owes a large debt to Sam Raimi's Evil Dead films with its mix of horror and comedy, in fact featuring a torn Evil Dead II poster in much the same way The Evil Dead features a torn The Hills Have Eyes poster. The film also gives "special thanks" to Bruce Campbell, the star of the Evil Dead films. This connection was reinforced in Japan, where the movie was released on video under the misleading title Shiryōnoharawata Sai Tsui Shō. Since the Japanese title of Evil Dead is Shiryōnoharawata, the distributors obviously tried to cash in on the success of Raimi's trilogy. Also, the Japanese videocassette box puts the emphasis on a creature with a skull's head, reminiscent of the original Evil Dead II poster.
At one part of the film, footage from Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life, with some scenes in the film claiming to take place in Bedford Falls, much like the Christmas classic.
The film was filmed primarily in southeast Michigan, in particular on a hunting cabin set built inside an old schoolhouse in Tecumseh.

## Reception

The film was noted for its special effects.