OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# L8 CMMR

"L8 CMMR", or "latecomer", is a song by British recording artist Lily Allen from her third studio album, Sheezus (2014). It premiered online on 6 February 2014, the same day as the release of her previous single "Air Balloon" music video.

## Composition

This track follows the style of her previous single, "Air Balloon", and is a bubblegum pop and electropop song. The song also features heavy amounts of autotune, as well as chipper synths. Described as a 'no brainer (song)' by Allen herself, the song describes her love to a man, whom nobody can ever steal away from her.

## Release

The song was included in Girls Volume 2: All Adventurous Women Do, the soundtrack of the second series of the HBO series Girls.

## Lyric video

On 17 February 2014, an official lyric video of the song was released on her official YouTube channel. The lyric video features a retrogaming-inspired video. The video shows Allen as a character of a 1980s video game, who needs to fight and overcome obstacles, like racing, in order to win prizes like engagement rings. The video received critical acclaim and was a fan favorite as the video was fun and different from mainstream videos.

## Reception

The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. Spin gave a positive review of the song, calling it a "bright, bouncy electro-pop with well-crafted hooks and some playful Auto-Tune effects", but also stated it was a "little lackluster". In May 2014, the song debuted at number 61 on the Flanders Ultratip chart, and later reached number 4.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 4 |
# Coocaa

Coocaa (simplified Chinese: 酷开; traditional Chinese: 酷開; stylised as COOCAA), also known as Kukai, is a China-based smart TV brand that was founded in 2006. It was sequentially invested by iQIYI, Tencent, Baidu, and focuses on AIoTV. Owned by Shenzhen Skyworth-RGB Electronic Co., Ltd., its TV products feature Dolby Vision and full screen.
With headquarters in Shenzhen, Coocaa has ventured into Philippines and Malaysia. It was an official partner of the 2019 SEA Games. In November 2019, Coocaa attended the World TV Day event. The brand also has its own operating system called "Coocaa OS".

## History

Coocaa TV shipments exceeded 1 million units in 2015. In June 2017, Tencent invested HK$344.28 million to acquire a 7.7% stake in Coocaa. In March 2018, Baidu invested $159.70 million to obtain an 11% stake in Coocaa.
As of April 2020, the total number of users of the Coocaa System amounted to approximately 50 million users, this figure reached 80 million up to October.
# Richard Justice (sports journalist)

Richard Justice is a columnist for MLB.com. He used to work for The Baltimore Sun, The Washington Post, The Dallas Morning News and the Houston Chronicle. Justice is an alumnus of The University of Texas at Austin.
He is also a correspondent for ESPN, and occasionally appears as a guest on their programs Pardon the Interruption and formerly on Classic Now. He has made five appearances on the program/game show Around the Horn, though he has won only once. He is also a frequent guest on Tony Kornheiser's podcast.
Following a stint as a weekly contributor to the morning show on Sportsradio 610, Justice hosted his own sports talk program on 1560 AM KGOW ('"The Game"). The show aired M–F at 10:00 am – 12:00 pm. It was cancelled due to a lack of response from the listeners and community as well as bad satellite interruption. He is now featured weekly on each of 1560 AM KGOW's ("The Game") shows on different days and brings additional baseball commentary.
# Sack (unit)

The sack (abbreviation: sck.) was an English unit of weight or mass used for coal and wool. It has also been used for other commodities by weight, commodities by volume, and for both weight and volume in the United States.

## Wool

The wool sack or woolsack (Latin: saccus lanae or lane) was standardized as 2 wey of 14 stone each, with each stone 12+1⁄2 merchants' pounds each (i.e. 350 merchants' pounds or about 153 kilograms), by the time of the Assize of Weights and Measures c. 1300. 12 such sacks formed the wool last.

## Coal

The coal sack was standardized as an imperial hundredweight of 112 avoirdupois pounds, approximately 51 kilograms.

### Large sack

The large sack was a UK unit of weight for coal. It was introduced by the London, Westminster and Home Counties Coal Trade Act 1831 (1 & 2 Will. 4. c. lxxvi), which required coal to be sold by weight rather than volume.
The Royal Navy used large sacks holding two hundredweight for coaling its ships. These sacks were made of jute bound with Manila rope. They were filled in the hold of a collier using a scoop and then a wire cable was run through two iron rings at the mouth of the sack to close and hoist it over to the warship, twelve sacks at a time. A sack truck would then be used to take each sack to the chute of the warship's coal bunker where they would be emptied. These sacks were large and heavy, weighing at least sixteen pounds when empty, and costing 11 shillings and sixpence before the First World War.

#### Definition

The large sack was defined as 224 pounds.

#### Conversion

1 large sack ≡ 2 sacks, equivalent to 2 cwt, 224 lb, or about 102 kg

## Other uses

The sack has also been used as a unit of volume. In the American oil industry, a sack represents the amount of portland cement that occupies 1.15 cubic feet (8.6 US gal; 33 L), and in most cases weighs 94 pounds (43 kg). Other uses in the US include the measurement by volume of salt, where one sack is 215 pounds (98 kg), cotton where one sack is 140 pounds (63.5 kg) and flour, where one sack is just 100 pounds (45.4 kg). It has also been used as a measure of volume for dry goods in Britain, with one sack being equivalent to 15 imperial gallons (68 L).
In British usage, a sack of flour was equivalent to 20 stone, 280 pounds (127 kg) or one-eighth of a long ton. A sack of coal was 16 stone, or 224 pounds (102 kg), while the weight of a sack of wool depended on who was selling it. A sack of grower's wool was 3+1⁄4 hundredweight or 364 pounds (165 kg), whereas a sack of dealer's wool was considerably lighter, at 240 pounds (109 kg).
# Vinod Agrawal

Vinod Santoshkumar Agrawal is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Gondiya in the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election as an Independent candidate. Previously, he was associated with Bharatiya Janata Party. Later on 23 June he again joined BJP in between 2022 Maharashtra political crisis.
# Xanthohumol

Xanthohumol is a natural product found in the female inflorescences of Humulus lupulus, also known as hops. This compound is also found in beer and belongs to a class of compounds that contribute to the bitterness and flavor of hops. Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalconoid, biosynthesized by a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) and subsequent modifying enzymes.

## Biosynthesis

Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalconoid derived from a plant type III PKS, and is synthesized in the glandular trichromes of hop cones. L-Phenylalanine serves as the starting material, which is converted to cinnamic acid by the PLP-dependent phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Cinnamic acid is oxidized by cinnamate-4-hydroxylase and loaded onto coenzyme A (CoA) by 4-coumarate CoA ligase to yield 4-hydroxy-cinnamoyl CoA, the starter unit for PKS extension. This molecule is extended three times with malonyl CoA, cyclized through a Claisen condensation, and aromatized through tautomerization to form naringenin chalcone (chalconaringenin). This intermediate has the potential to form a variety of different products depending on the enzymes that modify the core structure. In the case of xanthohumol, a prenyltransferase called Humulus lupulus prenyltransferase 1 (HlPT-1) attaches a molecule of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from the DXP pathway. HlPT-1 has a broad substrate specificity and also participates in making other prenylated flavonoids in the hop plant. Finally, an O-methyltransferase methylates a phenol substituent using S-adenosyl methionine. Total syntheses of xanthohumol and derivatives have been achieved, though extraction from hops remains a primary source.

## Beer

In commercial beers, the concentration of xanthohumol ranges from about 2 μg/L – 1.2 mg/L. During the brewing process, xanthohumol and other prenylated flavonoids are lost as they are converted to the corresponding flavanones. Different hop varieties and different beers contain varying quantities of xanthohumol.

## Research

Xanthohumol is under basic research for its potential biological properties. Xanthohumol can be extracted with pressurized hot water.
# Frank Hampel

Frank Rudolf Hampel (1941 in Heidelberg – October 2, 2018 in Thalwil) was a German statistician and a pioneer in robust statistics. He was professor at ETH Zurich for most of his career.

## Education and career

Hampel was born in Heidelberg and studied mathematics and physics at the University of Göttingen and University of Munich, then statistics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he also completed his doctorate in 1968 under the supervision of Erich Lehmann. He was then responsible for the statistical consulting service at the University of Zurich as senior assistant. In 1973 he was elected associate professor of statistics at ETH Zurich by the Swiss Federal Council, and in 1979 he was promoted to full professor. Under his leadership, the Seminar for Statistics continued to grow until his retirement in 2006.

## Research

Hampel made fundamental contributions to robust statistics and made a significant contribution to ETH Zurich being a world leader in this field. He introduced the two central terms, breakdown point and influence function with, which quantify the robustness properties of statistical methods and are used to construct optimal inference methods. The creative application of statistics in the analysis of data was also a major concern for Frank Hampel. In the 1970s he was in charge of the evaluation of the so-called large-scale test IV for hail defense in Switzerland and he made it possible to set up the statistical consulting service at ETH Zurich. Hampel was an unconventional researcher and teacher with an extremely original creativity that inspired and shaped many students and colleagues. In his free time, Hampel devoted himself to observing nature with great commitment. He acquired detailed knowledge of astronomy, birds, orchids and dragonflies and knew how to pass this knowledge on with great enthusiasm.
# Order of the Star of Ghana

The Order of the Star of Ghana is the second-highest award given by the Government of Ghana to any individual who had helped the cause of the country in one way or the other. Recipients of this award are decorated at a state function, chaired by the President of the Republic. It was the highest national award until 23 June 2008, when it was superseded by the Grand Order of the Star and Eagles of Ghana.

## Grades

* Companion (CSG) - Honorary Division, Civil Division
* Officer (OSG) - Honorary Division, Civil Division, Military Division
* Member (MSG) - Honorary Division, Civil Division, Military Division, Police Division

## Insignia

The Insignia comprises a seven-pointed star medal, 51 mm in diameter, hung on a ring and worn with a ribbon collar, along with a sash, pendant, and rosette. The ribbon is 35 mm wide with three equal stripes of red, yellow, and green. The sash measures 102 mm in width. The Companion wears it over the right shoulder, while the Officer and Member wear it over the left. The order is awarded in three classes:
* Companion (CSG)
** 18 Carat Gold Medal
*** Obverse: Features a flying eagle and star facing left, set in white gold on a yellow gold medal.
*** Reverse: Encircling the Coat of Arms of Ghana is the inscription 'Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana.'
* Officer (OSG)
** In silver with gold centre
* Member (MSG)
** In silver

## Recipients
### Companions of the Star of Ghana (CSG)

* Joseph Hanson Kwabena Nketia (2000)
* Queen Elizabeth II (2007) (Honorary)
* Charles III (2018) (Honorary)
* Major Seth Anthony (2006)
* Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo (2008)
* Otumfuo Osei Tutu II (2008)
* Alhaji Aliu Mahama (2008)
* Professor John Evans Atta Mills (2008)
* Dr. Kwadwo Afari-Gyan (2015)
* Michael Adenyi Ishola Adenuga Jnr (2016)
* Alassane Ouattara (2017) (Honorary division)
* Mohammed VI of Morocco (2017)
* Sun Baohong (2017) (Honorary division)
* Giorgio Napolitano (2006) Honorary (President of Italy 2006–2015)
* Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (2008) Honorary
* William Ruto (2024)
# Pavlos Karvounis

Pavlos Karvounis (Greek: Παύλος Καρβούνης; born 5 December 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Super League 2 club Panathinaikos B.
# Dina Litovsky

Dina Litovsky (born 1979) is a photographer who has lived in New York City, New York since 1991.

## Early life and education

Litovsky was born in Donetsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Ukraine). She moved to New York City in 1991, where she studied psychology at New York University. In 2010, she got her MFA graduate degree in photography from the School of Visual Arts in New York.

## Photography

Litovsky's work can be described as visual sociology and as documenting the "social dynamics of the American culture." She often focuses on subcultures and the idea of leisure. Her series Dark City is an Edward Hopper-influenced, cinematic portrait of New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. That work has been described as "Photos of a disorienting New York in lockdown." Where the Amish Vacation is about Amish and Mennonite travelers kicking back in Sarasota, Florida. Meatpacking is about the sexual politics of New York City's Meatpacking district. Fashion Lust is backstage and front row fashion week in New York City, Paris and London. Bachelorette is an intimate look into the modern ritual of the bachelorette party. Untag this Photo is concerned with the influence of iPhone cameras and social networks on public behavior of young women in nightclubs.
Her work has been featured in The New York Times, National Geographic, New York Magazine, Photo District News (PDN), Esquire, The New Yorker, and Wired.

## Awards and recognition

* 2014: PDN 30 New and Emerging Photographers to watch
* 2020: Winner, Nannen Prize –a a German award for documentary photography
# Nerang Bulls RUC

The Nerang Bulls Rugby Union Football Club is an Australian rugby union football club that competes in the Gold Coast and District Rugby Union competition. The club is based in Nerang, Queensland on Queensland's Gold Coast.

## History

In 1983, the Nerang Bulls Rugby Union Club was formed and were located at Carrara oval. During 1983, the Bulls fielded one senior team and in 1984 they fielded two senior teams. The club spent two seasons at Carrara before moving to Glennon Park in Nerang in 1985.
# Ursus dolinensis

Ursus dolinensis (the Gran Dolina bear) is an extinct mammalian carnivore species of the Ursidae family. Its fossilized remains were unearthed from the lowest layers of the stratigraphic sequence at the archaeological and paleontological site of Gran Dolina (also Trinchera Dolina, a section of the Trinchera del Ferrocaril, lit. Railroad trenches), that is a part of the Atapuerca Mountains complex in the Burgos province, northern Spain. The species was described by Nuria García and Juan Luis Arsuaga in a 2001 publication. Skeletal fossils, mainly cranial fragments were recovered from the sediment units TD 3 and in particular TD 4 (TD = Trinchera Dolina). Presence in these layers suggests a chronology in between 900,000 and 780,000 years ago, which falls into the Calabrian stage of the early Pleistocene.

## Morphology

The species has been described as the most primitive of all cave bears, and smaller than a black bear. It has a slender body comparable to brown bears (Ursus arctos) and noticeably gracile features of the cranial and mandibular bones, that to some extent resemble those of Ursus arctos and Ursus etruscus. Yet its overall morphological characteristics suggest a kinship with the line of the speleoid bears. Finally García and Arsuaga have concluded that Ursus dolinensis "is the ancestor of Ursus savini and to be very close to the common ancestor of Ursus arctos".
The type specimen of the Gran Dolina bear is a 255 mm (10.04 in) long left mandible fragment with the acronym Ata96-TDW4-E9-1, that retains the canine, a premolar 4, a molar 2 and the alveoli of the premolars P1, P2 and P3. Several paratype fossils include an incomplete right mandible, a right lower molar, another lower molar, two jaw fragments, one phalanx bone of the foot and a metatarsal bone. The discovery of a complete Ursus dolinensis skull during the 2012 excavation campaign and its analysis has according to the campaign's co-directors Eudald Carbonell, J.M. Bermúdez and J.L. Arsuaga helped to better determine the species' phylogenetic position.
Nuria García described more of the species' specific morphology in a comparison with the Untermaßfeld bear at the 18th International Senckenberg Conference in Weimar in 2004. She confirms the primitive brown bear-like features and highlights detailed dental traits shared by the two species, such as a "slender horizontal ramus with straight vertical profile; all teeth sides converge towards the midline". The fourth lower premolars are massive and elliptical shaped with a prominent protoconid. The first lower molars are slender, the second lower molars are rectangular shaped and without medial constrictions. The fourth upper premolars are triangular shaped with simple high pointed cusps. The first upper molars are quadrangular to rectangular-shaped without central constriction and finally, the second upper molars are large without torsion.
# Central High School of Clay County

The Central High School of Clay County, or Clay Central, is a public, 5A division school located in Lineville in east central Alabama. The school was opened in 2012 and is the largest school in the eastern region.
# George Cunningham (baseball)

George Harold Cunningham (July 13, 1894 – March 10, 1972) was an American baseball pitcher. He played professional baseball for 14 years, from 1914 to 1927, including parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers from 1916 to 1919 and in 1921. Cunningham appeared in 162 major league games, 123 as a pitcher, compiling a 16–25 win–loss record with a 3.13 earned run average (ERA). He also played for the Chattanooga Lookouts in 1915 and 1920 to 1927.

## Early years

Cunningham was born in Sturgeon Lake, Minnesota, in 1894.

## Professional baseball

Cunningham began his career in professional baseball in 1914 with Duluth White Sox of the Northern League. He appeared in 45 games for Duluth and compiled a 23–10 record.
In 1915, Cunningham attended spring training with the Detroit Tigers, but was farmed out on April 2, 1915, to the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Southern Association. He appeared in 46 games for the Lookouts and compiled a 24–12 record. Despite playing for a team with a losing record, Cunningham led the Southern Association with a .667 winning percentage.
On August 15, 1915, the Lookouts sold Cunningham back to the Detroit Tigers with the caveat that he need not report to Detroit until the Lookouts' season had ended. On March 29, 1916, Cunningham pitched a shutout in a spring training game with E. A. Batchelor writing that the spitball was his "most deadly weapon". Cunningham remained with the Tigers for a total of four years from 1916 to 1919, pitched in 123 games for the Tigers, including 36 as a starter, and compiled a record of 16–25 with a 3.13 earned run average (ERA) in 477 innings pitched. During the 1917 season, he ranked among the American League leaders with 44 pitching appearances (tenth) and 24 games finished (second).
Cunningham was also a strong hitter for a pitcher. He had a career on-base percentage of .337 (.438 in 1919), 36 walks, 10 extra base hits and 13 RBIs. When Cunningham complained to manager Hughie Jennings about the injury-depleted Tiger outfield of 1918, Jennings had Cunningham play right field for three weeks. He appeared in 20 games as an outfielder in 1918, including 14 as the team's starting right fielder.
In 1920, Cunningham returned to Chattanooga, appearing in 40 games and compiling a 19–21 record. On May 2, 1921, Cunningham returned briefly to the Tigers, appearing in one game as a right fielder without having a plate appearance. He was promptly returned to Chattanooga where he continued to play from 1921 to 1927. He also played for the Birmingham Barons of the Southern Association from 1926 to 1927.

## Later years

Cunningham died in 1972 at age 77 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
# Julius Freiberg

Julius Freiberg (May 1, 1823 – December 7, 1905) was a German-born Jewish-American distillery owner and communal leader.

## Life

Freiberg was born on May 1, 1823, in Neu Leiningen, Rhenish Bavaria, the son of Sigmund Freiberg.
Freiberg immigrated to America in 1847, initially working as a general merchant in Williamstown, Kentucky. While there, he met a number of distillers and learned that bourbon whiskey was barely known outside of the state at the time. He moved to Cincinnati, Ohio in 1852 and sold the first bourbon whiskey there for trade purposes. In Cincinnati, he initially manufactured vinegar. In 1855, he formed a distillery partnership with his brother-in-law Levi J. Workum called Freiberg and Workum. The business prospered and he became one of the leading men of the city. He was a member of the 1873 Ohio State Constitution Convention, having been nominated by both political parties. In 1894, he was elected an honorary member of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. He was a trustee of the Sinking Fund of Cincinnati and a founder of Jewish Hospital, the Home for Jewish Aged and Infirm, and the Jewish Foster Home.
Freiberg joined Congregation Bene Israel within a year of arriving in Cincinnati. He served as the congregation's president from 1860 to 1862, 1867 to 1884, and 1889 to 1890. During his long second term as president, he helped increase the congregation's membership and finish the construction of a new building the congregation resided in for 37 years prior to moving to Avondale. Although he wasn't a member of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise's congregation, he was a major supporter of Wise's call to organize the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. When delegates to establish the Union assembled in Cincinnati in 1873, he delivered the welcoming address and was elected an executive board member. He was elected the Union's president in 1889, and served in that position until he retired in 1903 due to his poor health. When the Hebrew Union College was founded in 1875, he became a member and vice-president of its board of governors, serving there until his death.
On February 13, 1856, he married Duffie Workum, the first Jewish female child born west of the Allegheny Mountains. Their sons J. Walter and Maurice J. succeeded their father in the distillery business, and their daughters were Minnie (wife of Dr. Joseph Ransohoff), Sallie (wife of Edward S. Heinsheimer), Clara (wife of Jonas B. Frenkel), and Jeannette (wife of Albert H. Freiberg).
Freiberg died in Cincinnati on December 7, 1905.