OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 4-Nitrochlorobenzene

4-Nitrochlorobenzene is the organic compound with the formula ClC$_6$H$_4$NO$_2$. It is a pale yellow solid. 4-Nitrochlorobenzene is a common intermediate in the production of a number of industrially useful compounds, including antioxidants commonly found in rubber. Other isomers with the formula ClC$_6$H$_4$NO$_2$ include 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 3-nitrochlorobenzene.

## Preparation and reactions

4-Nitrochlorobenzene is prepared industrially by nitration of chlorobenzene:
    ClC$_6$H$_5$ + HNO$_3$ → ClC$_6$H$_4$NO$_2$ + H$_2$O
This reaction affords both the 2- and the 4-nitro derivatives, in about a 1:2 ratio. These isomers are separated by a combination of crystallization and distillation. 4-Nitrochlorobenzene was originally prepared by the nitration of 4-bromochlorobenzene by Holleman and coworkers.
The chloride substituent in 4-nitrochlorobenzene is more labile than in chlorobenzene. For example, it is readily displaced by sulfide nucleophiles, leading the way to 4-nitrothiophenol. In another example, 4-nitrochlorobenzene is a favored substrate for cross-coupling reactions.

## Applications

4-Nitrochlorobenzene is an intermediate in the preparation of a variety of derivatives. Nitration gives 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene. Reduction with iron metal gives 4-chloroaniline. The electron-withdrawing nature of the appended nitro-group makes the benzene ring especially susceptible to nucleophilic aromatic substitution, unlike related chlorobenzene. Thus, the strong nucleophiles hydroxide, methoxide, fluoride, and amide displace chloride to give respectively 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroanisole, 4-fluoronitrobenzene, and 4-nitroaniline.
Another use of 4-nitrochlorobenzene is its condensation with aniline to produce 4-nitrodiphenylamine. Reductive alkylation of the nitro group affords secondary aryl amines, which are useful antioxidants for rubber.

## Safety

The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health considers 4-nitrochlorobenzene as a potential occupational carcinogen. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration set a permissible exposure limit of 1 mg/m$^3$ The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommends an airborne exposure limit of 0.64 mg/m$^3$ over a time-weighted average of eight hours.
# Frank Blake (American football)

Frank J. Blake (September 28, 1883 – June 27, 1948) was an American football coach and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent. He served as the head football at Mercer University from 1908 to 1909. He was a graduate of Vanderbilt University. His brothers—Dan, Bob, and Vaughn—played football at Vanderbilt, although Frank never lettered for the Commodores.
Blake entered Vanderbilt University in 1900, and learned the game of football from Walter H. Watkins. He began his coaching career in 1903 at the Bowen School, a prep school in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1905, he moved to the Gordon Institute—now known as Gordon State College—in Barnesville, Georgia. Blake was hired as football coach at Mercer in 1908. In the summer of 1910, Blake was initially reported to have been selected to succeed Dexter W. Draper as head football coach at the University of Texas. However, he was only a candidate for the job, along with Cyril Ballin of Princeton, Clarence W. Russell, and Billy Wasmund. Blake returned to Bowen in 1911, where he coached the football team with Willis T. Stewart.
Blake joined the FBI in 1919, and became head of its Dallas office in 1921. He contributed to the arrest and conviction of Machine Gun Kelly. Blake retired from the FBI in 1942 after suffering a heart attack. He died on June 27, 1948, at his home in Midlothian, Texas.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Mercer Baptists (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1908) ||||||
| 1908 | Mercer | 3–4 | 0–3 | T–11th |
| 1909 | Mercer | 3–5 | 0–4 | 13th |
| Mercer: | Mercer: | 6–9 | 0–7 | |
| Total: | Total: | 6–9 | | |
# Kruidvat

Kruidvat is a Dutch retail, pharmacy and drugstore chain specialising in health and beauty products which also has branches in Belgium. The first Kruidvat was opened in September 1975 by Ed During and Dick Siebrand. Kruidvat Holding also owned ICI Paris XL, and Trekpleister [nl], in the Netherlands and Belgium.
Kruidvat had offers of low-priced CDs and books in the past. These usually involved the re-release of pre-existing material, but the company also released new recordings. For example, Brilliant Classics, a series of classical CDs including works by Schütz and Gesualdo, a complete series of harpsichord sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti, and complete series of Mozart and Bach with many new recordings. After 2000, Kruidvat was also active for a time in releasing new, previously unpublished books, for example by Herman Brusselmans, Louise Fresco, Renate Dorrestein and Carry Slee.
It also holds 50% of Rossmann in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, in addition to Superdrug in the United Kingdom since August 2002. Kruidvat Holding was sold to the Hong Kong based company A.S. Watson in November 2002 for €1.3 billion. Kruidvat’s headquarters are located in Renswoude and their main distribution centre is in Heteren, of which construction was announced in March 2007.
The acquisition of Superdrug was fully cleared by the European Union’s Directorate-General for Competition in September 2002. Superdrug was initially sold to Kruidvat in July 2001.
* A shop of Kruidvat in The Hague, the Netherlands (January 2008)
* A shop of Kruidvat in Lokeren, Belgium
# McPherson Unit

McPherson Unit is a prison for women of the Arkansas Department of Corrections, located in Newport, Arkansas, off Arkansas Highway 384, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of central Newport. Established in 1998, the prison houses the state's death row for women.
The unit houses a campus of the Riverside Vocational Technical School.
Originally it was managed by the Wackenhut Corrections Corp. (now GEO Group), with the management contract beginning in July 1997. In 2001, after operating the McPherson Unit and the nearby Grimes Unit at losses, Wackenhut stated that it would not renew the contract.

## Notable prisoners

Death Row
* Christina Marie Riggs – Executed May 2, 2000.
# Dorlay

The Dorlay (French pronunciation:) is a river that flows through the Loire department, France. It is a tributary of the Gier, which in turn is a tributary of the Rhône. The Gier valley was formerly heavily industrialized with coal and iron mines and factories.

## Basin

The Dorlay rises in Mont Pilat. It is 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi) long. Tributaries are the Artiole, Mornante and Sellon. The Mornante and Sellon are known for the presence of white-clawed crayfish, a heritage species. The catchment area is about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) The source of the river is at an altitude of over 1,400 metres (4,600 ft), while the average elevation of the basin is 730 metres (2,400 ft) The upper part of the basin is forested or pastureland.

## Communities

A manuscript of 1200 gives the river the Latin name of Dorleum. In 1224 it is called Aqua de Dorllei. Subsequent mentions call it Rivus de Dorlay (1359), Dorleys (1527), Dourley (1718) and Dourlay (1789). It flows through the communes of La Grand-Croix, Saint-Paul-en-Jarez, Lorette, La Terrasse-sur-Dorlay and Doizieux. In the past, the river powered many weaving workshops in the valley.

## Dam

Construction of a dam on the Dorlay by the town of Rive-de-Gier was discussed in 1884 but the project was abandoned due to cost.
Today's Barrage du Dorlay [fr] is located at 45°26′36″N 4°34′42″E﻿ / ﻿45.443302°N 4.578356°E﻿ / 45.443302; 4.578356 on the river between Doizieux and La Terrasse-sur-Dorlay. It was built between 1971 and 1973. The dam has a storage capacity of 2,500,000 cubic metres (88,000,000 cu ft), with a catchment area of about 24.4 square kilometres (9.4 sq mi). It is at an altitude of about 500 metres (1,600 ft). The dam supplies potable water to the municipalities of La-Terrasse-sur-Dorlay, Lorette, Chateauneuf, Chagnon, Cellieu, St-Paul-en-Jarez, La Grand-Croix and part of Rive-de-Gier. In 2008 it supplied about 1,370,000 cubic metres (48,000,000 cu ft) of water to about 22,630 people. Since the dam is used for drinking water, swimming is not allowed - but some people swim anyway. Some local people use the dam for canoeing, but there are no rental boats.

## Coal

In 1730 a large coal seam was found along the Dorlay. A number of mines were sunk to a depth of 40 metres (130 ft) or more. These were worked for a short period, then abandoned due to lack of pumping equipment. Mining resumed in 1776 with pumps operating, but was abandoned in 1792 due to the volume of water entering the mines from the Dorlay. The river's path marks a geological fault in the Loire coal basin. In 1838 the Saint-Philippe mines were sunk on the right bank of the Dorlay to a depth of 170 metres (560 ft), but did not find any significant coal deposits.
# Aldert van der Ziel

Aldert van der Ziel (12 December 1910, Zandeweer – 20 January 1991, Minneapolis), was a Dutch physicist who studied electronic noise processes in materials such as semiconductors and metals.

## Biography

Aldert van der Ziel was a pioneering researcher into the phenomenon of flicker noise in physical electronics. He published 15 books and more than 500 scientific papers. He was also a writer on Christianity, particularly the relationship between science and religion. Van der Ziel belonged to a conservative Lutheran church.
Van der Ziel obtained a Ph.D. in 1934 from the University of Groningen. He worked at Philips in Eindhoven until 1947. In 1947 he went to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and moved to the University of Minnesota in 1950 to become professor of electrical engineering. He was also associated, later, with the University of Florida at Gainesville. Aldert van der Ziel was elected in 1978 as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering for contributions to the study of noise in electron devices and contributions to graduate education.
The IEEE has an award named after Aldert van der Ziel, which is given during the biennial International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS) sponsored by the IEEE Electron Devices Society, for "a distinguished career in education and research". Past recipients are Lester Eastmann, Herbert Kroemer (Nobel Prize in Physics winner), Michael Shur, Marvin H. White, James D. Plummer, Ben Streetman, Mark Lundstrom and Tsu-Jae King Liu.

## Awards

* 1956: IEEE Fellow
* 1975: Honorary doctorate, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
* 1978: National Academy of Engineering
* 1980: IEEE Education Medal
* 1981: Honorary doctorate, University of Eindhoven
# Surfwise

Surfwise is a 2007 American documentary film about the 11-member Doc Paskowitz family, which was directed by Doug Pray. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 11 September 2007 and had its U.S. premiere on 9 May 2008. Paskowitz went to Stanford University Medical School, became an M.D., and espoused a philosophy of holistic health and diet, while raising his large family of eight boys and one girl in a camper with his wife Juliette Paskowitz, and founding a school of surfing.

## Critical reception

The film appeared on some critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2008. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club named it the 6th best film of 2008, and Tasha Robinson of The A.V. Club named it the 7th best film of 2008. The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews,, holding 98% on Rotten Tomatoes. Men’s Journal lists it as one of the best surf films of all time - second only to The Endless Summer.
The film's soundtrack is an original composition by John Dragonetti of The Submarines.
# Topal, Astrakhan Oblast

Topal (Russian: Топал) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Akhtubinsky Selsoviet, Krasnoyarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 456 as of 2010. The settlement has three streets.

## Geography

Topal is located on the Akhtuba River, 65 km northwest of Krasny Yar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dosang is the nearest rural locality.
# Navsari Assembly constituency

Navsari is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Navsari district.

## List of segments

This assembly seat represents the following segments,
* Navsari Taluka (Part) Villages – Kasbapar, Viraval, Satem, Toli, Sadlav, Ashtagam, Un, Chhapra, Dantej, Italva, Wada (Sisodra), Pardi, Sarpor, Dabhalai, Nagdhara, Kumbhar Faliya, Butlav, Kanbad, Bhula Faliya, Khadsupa, Kachhol, Adada, Partapor, Mogar, Chandravasan Supa, Boriach, Rajwada, Kambada, Bhunwadi, Mahudi, Puni, Jamalpore, Kabilpor, Kaliawadi, Chovisi, Navsari (M)
* Gandevi Taluka (Part) Villages – Mohanpur, Kolva, Salej, Ichhapor, Pinjra, Vegam, Vagalvad, Matwad, Gandeva, Khapariya, Pipaldhara, Manekpor, Gadat, Sonwadi, Ancheli, Khakhwada, Pathri, Dhanori, Endhal, Ajrai, Kachholi, Ganghor, Amalsad, Dhamdachha, Vasan, Kotha, Masa

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 2007 | Mangubhai C. Patel | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2012 | Piyushbhai Desai | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2017 | Piyushbhai Desai | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Rakesh Gunvantbhai Desai | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2022

2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election: Navsari :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Rakesh Desai | 1,06,875 | 64.65 |
| | INC | Dipak Barot | 34,562 | 20.91 |
| | AAP | Upeshkumar Mohanbhai Patel | 18,435 | 11.15 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 3,064 | 1.85 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 72,313 | 43.74 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,65,304 | |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | |

### 2017

Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017: Navsari :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Piyush Desai | 100,060 | 61.57 | +9.43 |
| | INC | Bhavnaben Anilbhai Patel | 53,965 | 33.21 | −8.72 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 46,095 | 28.36 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,62,512 | 71.03 | −3.61 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2012

Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Piyushbhai Desai | 81601 | 52.14 |
| | INC | Arvind Patel | 65620 | 41.93 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15981 | 41.93 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 156493 | 74.64 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | |
# Austurstræti

Austurstræti (Icelandic pronunciation:, 'East Street') is a street in central Reykjavík, Iceland, that runs from Veltusund east to Lækjargata. In its continuation is Bankastræti and Laugavegur. On 18 April 2007, a fire broke out in Austurstræti that destroyed two historic houses, but caused no injuries.

## Names

Austurstræti was first called Langafortov or Langastétt (transl. Long pavement). The street was so named because its south side was paved with stone so people could walk over it despite heavy rain.

## In popular culture

* Comedian Laddi sang about Austurstræti in a popular pop song with the same name. Its opening lines are: Ég niður' í Austurstræti snarast létt á strigaskónum, með bros á vör og tyggígúmmí í munninum. (transl. Down in Austurstræti, I walk lightly on my sneakers, with a smile on my face and a piece of chewing gum in my mouth.)
* The pop song "Fröken Reykjavík" by Jónas and Jón Múla Árnason begins with the question: Hver gengur þarna eftir Austurstræti og ilmar eins og vorsins blóm með djarfan svip og ögn af yfirlæti á ótrúlega rauðum skóm? (transl. Who walks along Austurstræti and smells like spring flowers with a bold expression and a hint of arrogance on incredible red shoes?)
* Poet Tómas Guðmundsson wrote the poem "Austurstræti", which includes the lines: Og þúsund hjörtu grípur gömul kæti. / Og gömul hjörtu þrá á ný og sakna. / Ó, bernsku vorrar athvarf, Austurstræti, / hve endurminningarnar hjá þér vakna. (transl. And a thousand hearts are captured by old hilarity. / And old hearts yearn again and miss. / Oh, our childhood refuge, Austurstræti', / how your memories awaken.)
# Claire Murdoch

Claire Louise Murdoch CBE is the Chief Executive of the Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and national director for mental health, NHS England.
She was rated by the Health Service Journal as the seventeenth most influential person in the English NHS in 2016. She was the inaugural Chair of the Cavendish Square Group of the 10 London NHS trusts responsible for mental health services, succeeded by John Brouder, Chief Executive of North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT) in 2018.
She was involved in the development of a rating system for Clinical Commissioning Groups performance in mental health during 2016.
She has particularly supported moves to ensure mentally ill people, especially children and adolescents are treated nearer their homes.
She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to the NHS.
Her sister Alison Reynolds received the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to Community Sport in Kent.
Since 1984 Murdoch has been a mental health nurse.
# Çifte Minareli Medrese, Erzurum

Twin Minaret Medrese (Persian: مدرسه اسلامی جفت مناره) is an architectural monument of the late Seljuk period in Erzurum City, Erzurum Province, Turkey. Built as a theological school a few years before 1265, it takes its name, Twin Minaret Madrasa, from the two fluted minarets that crown the monumental façade.

## History

The Twin Minaret Medrese is thought to be the model for the Gök Medrese in Sivas. According to the inscription on the portal, it was built in 1271 by Khudavand Khatun, the daughter of Seljuq Sultan Kayqubad I. The madrasa probably had an impact on the Buruciye Madrasa too.
The east entrance of the madrasa and the enormous stone facade of ornamental brick and tile masonry with two minarets are remarkable works of art.
On each side of the entrance there is a panel. The right side is decorated with a double-headed eagle. The motif on the left side does not seem to be completed.
* Ceramic decoration on one of the minarets
* Ceramic decoration in sufic scripts
* Courtyard
* Arcades in the courtyard
* Carved column in the courtyard
* Decorations in the courtyard
* Hatun Huand mausoleum
# Back to the Farm

Back to the Farm is a 1914 silent comedy short film produced by the Lubin Manufacturing Company and co-starring Oliver Hardy and Bert Tracy. It is the earliest Hardy film known to survive.

## Plot

Tom and Bob, two country boys, want to visit their aunt, who lives in the city. She writes to tell them that she will not be home when they arrive, but the key will be under the mat. The boys accidentally go to the wrong apartment, but they find a key under the mat and naturally assume that it belongs to their aunt. They let themselves in, enjoy a good meal, and go to bed. When Mr and Mrs. Cassett, the occupants of the apartment, arrive home and find the boys sleeping in their bedroom, they grab guns and chase them out. The police arrive and arrests are made, but the confusion is cleared up by the aunt. The boys decide that city life is too nerve-wracking and return to the farm.

## Cast

* Oliver Hardy as Tom (billed as Babe Hardy)
* Bert Tracy as Bob (billed as Herbert Tracey)
* Roy Byron as Mr. Cassett
* Mabel Paige as Mrs. Cassett
* Eloise Willard as Auntie

## Production and reception

Back to the Farm was filmed in Jacksonville, Florida, at the Jacksonville unit of the Lubin Manufacturing Company of Pennsylvania, under the general supervision of Arthur Hotaling. It was released by the General Film Company on August 18, 1914. The film was written by Will Louis, and directed by Louis in collaboration with Joseph Levering.
According to film historian Rob Stone, Back to the Farm is the earliest Oliver Hardy film known to still exist. Hardy had already appeared in a number of short split-reel comedies made at Lubin's Jacksonville studio in the spring and summer of 1914, but this was his first full one-reeler, as well as his first appearance with Bert Tracy, who was a close friend and colleague of Hardy's during his time at Lubin and later at the Vim studio.
The film was well received in the trade papers. Moving Picture World noted briefly, "There is considerable legitimate comedy in this picture and it receives much laughter." The review in Motion Picture News described the disarming effect of the childish personalities of Tom and Bob in potentially objectionable or bawdy scenes: "The adventures of Tom and Bob would be risqué if they were not such simpletons and so awfully innocent of guilt in the situations which they create when they come to town to visit their aunt and get in the wrong house. As it is, what happens to them is ludicrous and will cause inordinate laughter."
# Vidotto

Vidotto is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Francesca Vidotto (born 1980), Italian theoretical physicist
* Matheus Vidotto (born 1993), Brazilian footballer
* Vinessa Vidotto (born 1995), American actress
* Vittorio Vidotto (1941–2024), Italian historian
# The Last Best Year

The Last Best Year is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film starring Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters concerning a lonely woman who discovers that she has a terminal illness. It premiered on ABC on November 4, 1990.

## Plot summary

Jane (Bernadette Peters) visits a doctor (Brian Bedford) after becoming ill during a business trip. She is told that she has a terminal illness and is referred to a psychologist, Wendy Haller (Mary Tyler Moore), to help her in dealing with the emotional aspects of the illness. Jane, although successful at business, leads a solitary life except for occasional times she spends with her married lover, Jerry, who leaves her during her crisis. Reluctant to open herself emotionally at first, she soon warms to Wendy. Jane makes a last trip to visit her beloved Aunt Lizzie (Carmen Mathews).
Jane finally faces the secret she has been hiding for years, that she gave her infant son up for adoption. As she makes peace with guilt from her troubled past and comes to terms with her fate she gains loving support from Aunt Lizzie, Wendy, and Amy and Peter, her co-workers. She returns to the faith she had turned from and makes contact with her grown son. Wendy, also, has had a troubled past and, through her relationship with Jane, resolves her own issues, especially with her mother Anne.

## Cast

* Mary Tyler Moore as Wendy Haller
* Bernadette Peters as Jane Murray
* Brian Bedford as Dr. Castle
* Carmen Mathews as Aunt Lizzie
* Kate Reid as Sister Mary Rose
* Kenneth Welsh as Jerry
* Erika Alexander as Amy
* Dorothy McGuire as Anne
* Lawrence Dane as John Dennis
* Michael Hogan as Billy Haller
* Albert Schultz as Peter Hamm
* Bathsheba Garnett as Mrs. Morton
* Michael J. Reynolds as Wisnovsky

## Production

The story in The Last Best Year is based on the experiences of the executive producer, Victoria Riskin, wife of the writer David Rintels. Peters previously worked with the director John Erman on her feature film debut, Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies, and the television movie, David. Erman suggested Peters for the film.
Riskin said of Moore and Peters "Some people may think Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters...this movie is going to be a laugh a minute. But they're brilliant dramatic actresses."

## Responses

John J. O'Connor wrote in his New York Times review: "What takes place is that rare occurrence in films of any sort-a female bonding...Ms. Moore and Ms. Peters give marvelously restrained and touching performances."