# Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)

The Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C) is a department of the Australian Government with broad-ranging responsibilities; notably, intergovernmental and whole of government policy coordination and assisting the prime minister of Australia in managing the Federal Cabinet. The PM&C was established in 1971 and traces its origins back to the Prime Minister's Department established in 1911.
The role of PM&C is to support the policy agenda of the prime minister and Cabinet through high-quality policy advice and the coordination of the implementation of key government programs, to manage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy and programs and to promote reconciliation, to provide leadership for the Australian Public Service alongside the Australian Public Service Commission, to oversee the honours and symbols of the Commonwealth, to provide support to whole of government services, manage Australia's honours policies, and perform other functions.
The department is similar but not analogous to the United States Executive Office of the President, the United Kingdom Cabinet Office, the Canadian Privy Council Office, and the New Zealand Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. All Australian states except for New South Wales have their own departments of Premier and Cabinet. New South Wales has separate departments for Premier and Cabinet following a change by the newly elected Premier Chris Minns, effective July 2023.

## History

Before 1911, the Prime Minister had no department of their own as such. The Prime Minister was concurrently the Minister for External Affairs, and used the services of the Department of External Affairs.
The Prime Minister's Department was created in July 1911, initially on a small scale compared to other government departments of the day.
On 11 March 1968, Prime Minister John Gorton split off a section of the Prime Minister's Department to form the Department of the Cabinet Office with responsibility to service the Cabinet and the committees of Cabinet.
On 12 March 1971, the Prime Minister's Department was abolished and its functions moved to the new Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet that combined the functions of the Prime Minister's Department and the Department of the Cabinet Office. The Prime Minister of the day, William McMahon, told the media that the former system with separate departments was inefficient.

## Portfolio ministers

The Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet portfolio includes the following ministers:
* Prime Minister
* Minister for Indigenous Australians
* Minister for Women
* Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Public Service and Cabinet
* Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister and Cabinet

## Secretary of the Department

The secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet is the head of the department, also known as the secretary of the level of Senior Executive Service Band 4 in the Australian Public Service as per the Public Service Act 1999.
The secretary of the department is the equivalent of the Cabinet Secretary in the United Kingdom or the Clerk of the Privy Council in Canada.
The position of Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet should not be confused with the position of Cabinet Secretary which has been both a ministerial position within the Cabinet and a political staffer within the Prime Minister's Office.
The secretary is supported by a senior executive of the department, composed of the Senior Executive Service Band 3 officials of deputy secretaries across the portfolio groups of the department.
| Name | Postnominal(s) | Term began | Term ended | Time in Appointment |
| Secretary, Prime Minister's Department |||||
| Malcolm Shepherd | CMG, ISO | 1 January 1912 | 27 January 1921 | 9 years, 26 days |
| Percy Deane | CMG | 11 February 1921 | 31 December 1928 | 7 years, 324 days |
| Sir John McLaren | CMG | 1 January 1929 | 2 March 1933 | 4 years, 60 days |
| John Starling | CMG, OBE | 2 March 1933 | 11 November 1935 | 2 years, 254 days |
| Frank Strahan | CBE, CVO | 11 November 1935 | 24 August 1949 | 13 years, 286 days |
| Sir Allen Brown | CBE | 25 August 1949 | 31 December 1958 | 9 years, 128 days |
| Sir John Bunting | CBE | 1 January 1959 | 10 March 1968 | 9 years, 69 days |
| Sir Lenox Hewitt | OBE | 11 March 1968 | 12 March 1971 | 3 years, 1 day |
| Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |||||
| Sir John Bunting | KBE | 17 March 1971 | 31 January 1975 | 3 years, 320 days |
| John Menadue | AO | 1 February 1975 | 30 September 1976 | 1 year, 242 days |
| Sir Alan Carmody | CBE | 1 October 1976 | 12 April 1978 | 1 year, 193 days |
| Sir Geoffrey Yeend | AC, CBE | 18 April 1978 | 10 February 1986 | 7 years, 298 days |
| Mike Codd | AC | 10 February 1986 | 27 December 1991 | 5 years, 320 days |
| Michael Keating | AC | 27 December 1991 | 13 May 1996 | 4 years, 138 days |
| Max Moore-Wilton | AC | 13 May 1996 | 20 December 2002 | 6 years, 221 days |
| Peter Shergold | AC | 10 February 2003 | 28 February 2008 | 5 years, 18 days |
| Terry Moran | AO | 3 March 2008 | 4 September 2011 | 3 years, 185 days |
| Ian Watt | AO | 5 September 2011 | 30 November 2014 | 3 years, 86 days |
| Michael Thawley | AO | 1 December 2014 | 23 January 2016 | 1 year, 53 days |
| Martin Parkinson | AC, PSM | 23 January 2016 | 2 September 2019 | 3 years, 222 days |
| Philip Gaetjens | | 2 September 2019 | 22 May 2022 | 2 years, 262 days |
| Stephanie Foster (Acting) | PSM | 22 May 2022 | 6 June 2022 | 15 days |
| Glyn Davis | AC | 6 June 2022 | incumbent | 2 years, 227 days |

## Functions

In an Administrative Arrangements Order made on 3 August 2023, the functions of the department were broadly classified into the following matters:
* Advice to the Prime Minister across Government on policy and implementation
* Assistance to the Prime Minister in managing the Cabinet programme
* Whole of government national security and intelligence policy co-ordination
* Intergovernmental relations and communications with State and Territory Governments
* Co-ordination of Government administration
* Australian Government employment workplace relations policy, including equal employment opportunity and administration of the framework for agreement making and remuneration and conditions
* Australian honours and symbols policy
* Government ceremonial and hospitality
* Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy, programmes and service delivery
* Promotion of reconciliation
* Community development employment projects
* Women's policies and programmes
* Official Establishments, ownership and property management of the Prime Minister's official residences

## Organisational structure

The structure of PM&C is organised along four policy and program groups: the Domestic Policy Group (responsible for cities, women's policy, science and innovation, economic policy, infrastructure, social policy, and environmental policy), the National Security and International Policy Group (responsible for counterterrorism, intelligence, national security, cybersecurity, international policy, and defence strategy), the Governance Group, and the Indigenous Affairs Group.
In addition to the National Office in Canberra, the department has 33 offices and an in-community presence in another 60 locations across Australia for the Indigenous Affairs regional network.
Staff are employed as Australian Public Service officials under the Public Service Act 1999. In February 2014, The Canberra Times examined pay conditions and staffing records and found that PM&C is one of the public service's best-paid departments and among its least culturally diverse. The following month, then Secretary Ian Watt told his staff that the department was battling to balance its budget and deliver its programs, and that staff would be cut and service delivery reviewed.

### Domestic Policy Group

The Domestic Policy Group has responsibilities for supporting the development of policy and coordinating implementation across economic, social, and environmental, industry, and infrastructure policy. The Group also coordinates the implementation of whole of government reform, supports government priorities for gender equality and the empowerment of women, coordinates the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) arrangements, provides advice and support for Australian federal budget process, and formulates national policy on public data. The Group is led by Deputy Secretary (Economic), Deputy Secretary (Social Policy), Deputy Secretary (Jobs and Industry).

### National Security and International Policy Group

The National Security and International Policy Group provides the Prime Minister with high quality advice on foreign policy, international trade, overseas aid, international treaties, engagement with foreign governments and international organisations, defence strategy, non-proliferation, information sharing, law enforcement, border security, and crisis coordination and emergency management. The Group also plays a coordinating role in the development of whole of government national security policy, provides secretariat functions to the National Security Committee of Cabinet, and policy settings for the Australian Intelligence Community. The Group also coordinates the foreign affairs, trade and national security aspects of the Australian federal budget.
The Group is led by the Deputy Secretary (National Security). The Group was formerly led by the post of National Security Adviser (NSA) which was established in December 2008 by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and disbanded in 2013 by Prime Minister Tony Abbott with responsibilities transferred back to the Deputy Secretary of the National Security and International Policy Group. The inaugural NSA was Major General Duncan Lewis serving until 2011. The second and final NSA was Dr Margot McCarthy serving from 2011 to 2013.

### Governance Group

The Governance Group, led by the Deputy Secretary (Governance) provides advice on legal policy, parliamentary and government matters and honours and symbols policy. In addition it provides support services to the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, Cabinet committees, and the department's portfolio ministers and assistant ministers. The group delivers the department's enabling and support functions and also oversees the implementation and ongoing delivery of key Government programmes, policies and initiatives.

### Portfolio agencies

* National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA)
* Indigenous Advisory Council (NIA)
* Indigenous Land and Sea Corporation
* Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
* Office of National Intelligence
* Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General
* Australian National Audit Office
* Australian Public Service Commission
* National Australia Day Council
* Workplace Gender Equality Agency
* Central Land Council
* Northern Land Council
* Aboriginal Land Commissioner
* Executive Director of Township Leasing
* Aboriginal Hostels Limited
* Indigenous Business Australia
* Anindilyakwa Land Council
* Tiwi Land Council
* Outback Stores Pty Ltd
* Torres Strait Regional Authority
* Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council