# Nigeria Labour Congress

The Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) is an umbrella organization for trade unions in Nigeria.

## History

The Nigerian Labour Congress was founded in December 1978, as a merger of four different organisations: the Nigeria Trade Union Congress (NTUC), Labour Unity Front (LUF), United Labour Congress (ULC) and Nigeria Workers' Council (NWC). However, the recently established Federal Military Government, led by Murtala Mohammed, refused to recognise the new organisation, and instead set up the Adebiyi Tribunal to investigate the activities of trade unions and their leaders. The Tribunal reported in 1976 and claimed that all the existing trade union centres propagated Cold War ideologies, depended on funding from international union federations, and mismanaged funds. This was used as a justification to ban all four centres, with M. O. Abiodun appointed as the administrator of trade unions. He accepted the establishment of a new Nigeria Labour Congress, on the condition that the approximately 1,500 affiliated unions were restructured into 42 industrial unions, plus 19 unions representing senior staff.
In 1978, the Nigeria Labour Congress was established, with the 42 industrial unions affiliated. It was to be the only legal trade union federation. Its leadership included many of the leading figures from its four predecessors, with Wahab Goodluck becoming its founding president.
During its history, conflicts with the military regime twice led to the dissolution of the NLC's national organs, the first in 1988 under the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida and the second in 1994, under the regime of General Sani Abacha. In 1996, the 42 affiliates of the NLC were merged into 29, by Act of Parliament. Under Nigeria's military governments, labour leaders were frequently arrested and union meetings disrupted. Following democratic reforms in the country, some of the anti-union regulations were abolished in January 1999. The same month Adams Oshiomhole was elected President of the reformed organisation.
In the early 2000s, conflict between the government and the NLC escalated due to the organisation's opposition to higher fuel prices. The price increases are the result of decisions by the Olusegun Obasanjo government to dramatically reduce subsidies and to deregulate the purchase and sale of fue The NLC has led several general strikes protesting the government's fuel price policy.
In September 2004, the NLC gave the federal government an ultimatum to reverse the decision to reintroduce the controversial fuel tax or face a nationwide protest strike. The strike threat was made despite the fact that a Federal High Court judgement in an earlier dispute had declared the organisation lacking legal power to call a general strike over government policies.
Following the announcement of the strike plans, the NLC claimed President Adams Oshiomhole was arrested October 9, 2004 at a protest at Nnamdi Azikiwe Airport. According to the organisation, Oshiomhole was "abducted by a team of operatives of the State Security Services (SSS) numbering over fifteen, who overpowered him, wrestled him to the ground and bundled him into a standby Peugeot 504 station wagon, which bore no licence plates." The State Security Services called the claim "sensational and inaccurate reporting", saying that the NLC president had a "misunderstanding" with field operatives, but that the matter was soon resolved. A presidential spokesperson claimed that Oshiomhole was only invited for a "chat" at the airport, no arrest having taken place.
In 2005, the law was changed to permit other trade union federation to receive government recognition, and also to permit senior staff unions to join the NLC. In 2016, about 25 affiliates left to form the United Labour Congress, but they rejoined the NLC in 2020. By the end of the year, it had 43 affiliates, which as of 2016 represented more than 4,000,000 members.
One of the strongest protest of the NLC can be traced to January 2012 during the President Goodluck Jonathan administration. The president and his economic team had argued that fuel subsidy payments was making the country lose billions of naira and it will save around "£4.2bn annually to invest in underperforming refineries that have forced Nigeria to import its own oil once it has been refined". The president said his government was no more interested in the payment of fuel subsidy to petroleum markerters. This will move fuel prices which was sold for N65 a litre with subsidy inclusive to around N141 which implies more than a hundred per cent increase.
The campaign for fuel subsidy removal was supported by the ministers in his cabinet and mostly chaired by the then finance minister/coordinating minister for economy Dr. Ngozi Okonjo Iweala. The government announced that fuel subsidy was going to be removed by January 2012 and this announcement was not welcomed by the Nigeria Labour Congress. Abdulwahed Omar, the then NLC president challenged the government that there will be wide spread mass protest in Nigeria if it continued with its plans to remove fuel subsdy. The NLC was able to rally other trade unions and civicl societies to support its planned protest. This challenge was marked by actions when the government moved on with the removal of payments for fuel subsidy. By 9 January 2012, massive protest erupted around Nigeria and in major cities including Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt and Kano. These protest crippled the economy as there was a total shutdown of the Nations different workforce and it lasted more than five working days. This led the then president Jonathan to announce on live TV that government will now subsidize fuel prices and reduce it to about $2.75 (£1.80) a gallon. The protest was eventually suspended after this broadcast by the federal government.
Together with the Trade Union Congress of Nigeria, the NLC supported Peter Obi and the Labour Party in the 2023 Nigerian general election, a party the NLC started in 2002. This is the first time the union has expressed explicit support for a political party.

## Women's wing

The National Women Commission is the national women's wing of NLC. It was created in 2003 to increase the participation of women in the affairs of the union. Beginning in 1983, demand for more recognition of working women led to the establishment of women's wing in state capitals. Currently state branches of NLC have a women's committee and the chairperson of the committee is an automatic member of the administrative council of the state's NLC. On the national level, the head of the National Women Commission is automatically a vice-president of NLC.The president of the National Women Commission is Comrade Rita Goyit. The women wing also engages in massive rallies and protest in support for women rights and against gender based violence against women.

## Affiliates
### Current affiliates

The following unions are affiliated to the NLC:
| Union | Abbreviation | Founded | Membership (1988) | Membership (1995) | Membership (2005) |
| Academic Staff Union of Polytechnics | ASUP | | | | |
| Academic Staff Union of Research Institutions | ASURI | | | | |
| Academic Staff Union of Universities | ASUU | 1978 | | | |
| Agricultural and Allied Employees' Union of Nigeria | AAEUN | 2008 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Amalgamated Union of Public Corporation, Civil Service Technical and Recreational Services Employees | AUPCTRE | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 85,000 |
| Colleges of Education Academic Staff Union | COEASU | | | | |
| Iron and Steel Senior Staff Association of Nigeria | ISSSAN | 1981 | | | |
| Judicial Staff Union of Nigeria | JUSUN | | | | |
| Maritime Workers' Union of Nigeria | MWUN | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 83,479 |
| Medical and Health Workers' Union of Nigeria | MHWUN | 1978 | 41,000 | 100,000 | 45,000 |
| Metal Products Senior Staff Association of Nigeria | MEPROSSAN | | | | |
| National Association of Academic Technologists | NAAT | | | | |
| National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives | NANNM | 1978 | 50,000 | 100,000 | 125,000 |
| National Union of Air Transport Employees | NUATE | 1978 | | 16,000 | 8,820 |
| National Union of Banks, Insurance and Financial Institution Employees | NUBIFIE | 1978 | 69,613 | 80,000 | 15,060 |
| National Union of Chemical, Footwear, Rubber, Leather and Non-Metallic Employees | NUCFRLANMPE | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 32,121 |
| National Union of Civil Engineering, Construction, Furniture and Wood Workers | NUCECFWW | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 62,000 |
| National Union of Electricity Employees | NUEE | 1978 | 25,893 | 25,500 | 24,000 |
| National Union of Food, Beverage and Tobacco Employees | NUFBTE | 1978 | 44,405 | 40,000 | 160,000 |
| National Union of Hotels and Personal Services Workers | NUHPSW | 1978 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 3,613 |
| National Union of Lottery Agents and Employees | NULAE | | | | |
| National Union of Postal and Telecommunication Employees | NUPTE | 1978 | 29,000 | 30,000 | 8,000 |
| National Union of Printing, Publishing and Paper Products Workers | NUPPPPROW | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 6,623 |
| National Union of Road Transport Workers | NURTW | 1978 | 30,000 | 70,000 | 96,000 |
| National Union of Shop and Distributive Employees | NUSDE | 1978 | | 20,000 | 4,628 |
| National Union of Textile, Garment and Tailoring Workers of Nigeria | NUTGTWN | 1978 | 41,312 | 47,000 | 30,000 |
| Nigeria Civil Service Union | NCSU | 1978 | 205,397 | 205,000 | 100,000 |
| Nigeria Union of Journalists | NUJ | 1978 | 3,950 | 5,000 | 35,000 |
| Nigeria Union of Local Government Employees | NULGE | 1978 | | 245,000 | 24,434 |
| Nigeria Union of Mine Workers | NUMW | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 2,739 |
| Nigeria Union of Pensioners | NUP | 1978 | 286,000 | 700,000 | 1,000,000 |
| Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers | NUPENG | 1978 | 13,750 | 35,000 | 8,000 |
| Nigeria Union of Public Service Reportorial, Secretarial, Data Processors and Allied Workers | NUPSRSDAW | 1978 | | | 10,949 |
| Nigeria Union of Railwaymen | NUR | 1978 | 20,634 | 33,000 | |
| Nigeria Union of Teachers | NUT | 1978 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 35,000 |
| Nigeria Welders' and Filters' Association | NIWELFU | | | | |
| Non-Academic Staff Union of Educational and Associated Institutions | NASU | 1978 | 260,000 | 260,000 | 67,462 |
| Parliamentary Staff Association of Nigeria | PASAN | | | | |
| Radio, Television, Theatre and Arts Workers' Union | RATTAWU | 1978 | 80,000 | 5,000 | 7,000 |
| Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Polytechnics | SSANIP | | | | |
| Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities | SSANU | 1993 | N/A | | |
| Senior Staff Union of Colleges of Education in Nigeria | SSUCOEN | | | | |
| Steel and Engineering Workers' Union of Nigeria | SEWUN | 1996 | N/A | N/A | 28,000 |

### Former affiliates

| Union | Abbreviation | Founded | Left | Reason not affiliated | Membership (1995) |
| Agricultural and Allied Workers' Union of Nigeria | AAWUN | 1978 | 2008 | Merged into AAEUN | 6,000 |
| Automobile, Boatyard, Transport Equipment and Allied Workers' Union of Nigeria | ABTEAWUON | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into SEWUN | 17,000 |
| Civil Service Technical Workers' Union of Nigeria | CSTWU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into AUPCTRE | 100,000 |
| Dockworkers' Union of Nigeria | DUN | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into MWUN | 20,000 |
| Footwear, Leather and Rubber Products Workers' Union of Nigeria | FLRPWUN | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUCFRLANMPE | 11,500 |
| Iron and Steel Workers' Union of Nigeria | ISWUN | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into SEWUN | |
| Metal Products Workers' Union of Nigeria | MPWUN | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into SEWUN | 7,000 |
| Metallic and Non-Metallic Mine Workers' Union | MNMWU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUMW | 20,000 |
| National Union of Chemical and Non-Metallic Products Workers | NUCANMP | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUCFRLANMPE | 40,000 |
| National Union of Furniture, Fixtures and Wood Workers | NUFFWW | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUCECFWW | 13,000 |
| National Union of Paper and Paper Products Workers | NUPPPW | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUPPPROW | |
| National Union of Public Corporations Employees | NUPCE | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into AUPCTRE | |
| Nigeria Coal Miners' Union | NCMU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUMW | 1,500 |
| Nigeria Ports Authority Workers' Union | NPAWU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into MWUN | 22,500 |
| Nigeria Union of Construction and Civil Engineering Workers | NUCCEW | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUCECFWW | 73,000 |
| Nigeria Union of Seamen and Water Transport Workers | NUSWTW | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into MWUN | |
| Precision, Electrical and Related Equipments Workers' Union | PEREWU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into SEWUN | 10,000 |
| Printing and Publishing Workers' Union | PAPWU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into NUPPPROW | |
| Recreational Services Employees' Union | RSEU | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into AUPCTRE | 17,000 |
| Union of Shipping, Clearing and Forwarding Agencies Workers' of Nigeria | USCFAWN | 1978 | 1996 | Merged into MWUN | 4,000 |

## Leadership
### Presidents

    1978: Wahab Goodluck
    1979: Hassan Sunmonu
    1984: Ali Chiroma
    1988: Pascal Bafyau
    1994: Post vacant
    1999: Adams Oshiomhole
    2007: Abdulwaheed Omar
    2015: Ayuba Wabba
    2023: Joe Ajaero

### General Secretaries

    1978: Aliyu Dangiwa
    1986: Lasisi Osunde
    1992: Post vacant
    2001: John Odah
    2014: Peter Ozo-Eson
    2019: Emmanuel Ugboaja