OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tsurphu Monastery

Tsurphu Monastery (Tibetan: མཚུར་ཕུ་དགོན་པ) or Tölung Tsurphu (Tibetan: སྟོད་ལུང་མཚུར་ཕུ, "Tsurphu of Tölong") is a gompa which serves as the traditional seat of the Karmapa, the head of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. It is located in Gurum in Doilungdêqên District, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Lhasa.
The monastery is about 4,300 metres (14,100 ft) above sea level. It was built in the middle of the valley facing south with high mountains surrounding the complex.
Tsurphu is a 300-square-meter (3,200 sq ft) complex with walls up to 4 meters (13 ft) thick. The gompa, the traditional seat of the Karmapa lamas, is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) up the Dowo Lung Valley on the north side of the river. The original walls of the main building were up to 4 meters thick and 300 meters on each side (90,000 square meters or 970,000 square feet). The monks' residences were on the eastern side.

## History

Tsurphu was founded by Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama (1110-1193) in 1159, after he visited the site and laid the foundation for an establishment of a seat there by making offerings to the local protectors, the dharmapalas and territorial divinities (Wylie: yul lha). In 1189 he revisited the site and founded his main seat there. The monastery grew to hold 1000 monks.
The complex was totally destroyed in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution. Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa, began to rebuild it in 1980; he died in 1981.
Following the recognition of Ogyen Trinley Dorje (born 1985) as the 17th Karmapa by the Tai Situpa, the Dalai Lama and China's governmental offices, he was enthroned at Tsurphu and resided there until he escaped from Tibet to India in 2000.

### Branch monastery

A Yelpa Kagyu monastery, Jang Tana, in Nangchen, Kham, is considered a branch monastery of Tsurpu. It was founded by Yelpa Yeshe Tsek in 1068.

### Variant names

Variant names for the monastery include: Tsurphu, 楚布寺, mtshur mdo bo lung dgon, 祖普寺, Okmin Tsurpu, 'og min mtshur phu.

## Pilgrims

* Elderly pilgrim, Tsurphu Gompa, 1993
* Pilgrims, Tsurphu Gompa, 1993
* Nomad camp above Tsurphu Gompa, 1993. Smoke is from juniper burning for ceremony.

## Sources

* Berzin, Alexander. "A Brief History of Tsurpu Monastery". Retrieved 2016-07-15.
* Dowman, Keith. The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide. 1988. Routledge & Kegan Paul. London. ISBN 0-7102-1370-0
* Martin, Michele. Music in the Sky: The Life, Art & Teachings of the 17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje. 2003. Snow Lion Publications. Reprint: New Age Books, New Delhi, 2004. ISBN 81-7822-193-4.
# Coloma High School

Coloma High School is a high school located in Coloma, Michigan. It is a Class B school according to the MHSAA.
# Høle

Høle is a previous borough and a village in the eastern part of Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway, located along the Høgsfjorden. The area was historically a part of the municipality of Høle. Høle Church and Høle School are both located in the village.
The 0.36-square-kilometre (89-acre) village has a population (2015) of 427, giving the village a population density of 1,186 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,070/sq mi). The borough of Høle is the least populous (and most rural) borough in the city of Sandnes with 1,042 inhabitants (2016). The 101.4-square-kilometre (39.2 sq mi) borough is located in the eastern part of the municipality.
# 1926 AAA Championships

The 1926 AAA Championships was the 1926 edition of the annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA). It was held from 2 to 3 July 1926 at Stamford Bridge in London, England.
The Championships consisted of 21 events and covered two days of competition. The marathon was held from Windsor to Stamford Bridge on 29 May.

## Results

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 100 yards | Richard Corts | 10.0 | Jack London | ½ yd | Helmut Körnig | inches |
| 220 yards | Guy Butler | 21.9 | Joachim Büchner | 2 ft - 1½ yd | Arthur Porritt | 1 ft |
| 440 yards | John Rinkel | 49.8 | Otto Peltzer | 2 ft | Adriaan Paulen | |
| 880 yards | Otto Peltzer | 1:51.6 WR | Dougles Lowe | 1:52.0 NR | Cecil Griffiths | 6-7 yd |
| 1 mile | Georges Baraton | 4:17.4 | Herbert Böcher | 3 yd | Thomas Riddell | 4:18.4 |
| 4 miles | Jack Webster | 19:49.6 | Herbert Johnston | 20:04.8 | George Webb | 20:13.0 |
| 10 miles | Ernest Harper | 52:04.2 | Phillip Francis | 53:23.6 | C. W. Vincent | 53:37.0 |
| marathon | Sam Ferris | 2:42:24.2 | Albert Mills | 2:46:11.2 | Matthew Maleedy | 2:51:50.0 |
| steeplechase | Jack Webster | 10:34.2 | George Constable | 11:21.8 | A. J. Smith | 11:28.2 |
| 120y hurdles | Frederick Gaby | 15.2 =NR | George Weightman-Smith | inches | Lord Burghley | 1 ft |
| 440y hurdles | Lord Burghley | 55.0 NR | Thomas Livingstone-Learmonth | 2-2½ yd | Stefan Kostrewski | 5-12 yd |
| 2 miles walk | Wilf Cowley | 14:32.4 | C. W. Cater | 14:40.0 | Lloyd Johnson | 14:43.0 |
| 7 miles walk | Reg Goodwin | 53:56.0 | C. C. Coulson | 54:44.6 | Wilf Cowley | 55:23.6 |
| high jump | Carl Van Geysel | 1.854 | John Pendlebury | 1.829 | Ferenc Orbán | 1.803 |
| pole jump | Franklin Kelley | 3.66 | János Karlovits | 3.50 | James Campbell | 3.35 |
| long jump | Richard Honner | 7.21 | Tibor Püspöki | 6.89 | Virgilio Tommasi | 6.86 |
| triple jump | Jack Higginson | 13.87 | Sverre Helgesen | 13.84 | Harold Langley | 13.51 |
| shot put | Rex Woods | 13.69 | József Daranyi | 13.60 | Hjalmar Johnsen | 13.30 |
| discus throw | Patrick Bermingham | 43.38 | Ketil Askildt | 42.45 | Hans Hoffmeister | 41.31 |
| hammer throw | Malcolm Nokes | 48.62 | John McHolm | 42.16 | Armando Poggioli | 41.76 |
| javelin throw | Olav Sunde | 61.34 | Béla Szepes | 56.90 | Edward Sutherland | 51.10 |
# Rohit Talwar

Rohit Talwar (16 September 1965 – 14 December 2014) was an Indian cricketer. He played 26 first-class matches for Madhya Pradesh between 1982 and 1990.
# Kesik Minare

The Kesik Minare Cami (Broken Minaret Mosque), Korkut Cami or Cumanın Cami standing in the streets of Kaleiçi (Old Antalya) in southern Turkey, was originally built as a Roman temple in the 2nd century AD. In the 7th century, it was converted into a Byzantine church in honor of the Virgin Mary, but it was heavily damaged in the 7th century during the Arab invasions. In the 9th century it was repaired again. The minaret was added in the early 13th century when the Sultanate of Rum established their rule in Antalya and converted the church into a mosque. In 1361, when the crusader king of Cyprus took Antalya from the Seljuks, it was consecrated a church again, only to become a mosque once more during the rule of Şehzade Korkut, son of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II. The main building was destroyed in a fire in 1800, but the surviving minaret, located today on Kaleiçi Hespçi Street, is known as the Kesik Minare.
Restoration work began in 2018. In 2019 the top cone and roof were restored. The structure officially reopened as a mosque in 2021 on 5 March, the day Antalya was conquered by the Seljuk Empire. It welcomed worshippers for the first time in nearly 125 years.
# Tapan Banerjee

Tapan Banerjee (15 June 1943 – 29 May 2017) was an Indian cricketer. He played eighteen first-class matches for Bengal between 1965 and 1983.
# Edward P. Mulrooney

Edward Pierce Mulrooney (July 24, 1874 – April 29, 1960) was the New York City Police Commissioner from 1930 to 1933. He then went on to become chairman of the State Alcoholic Beverage Control Board.

## Biography

He was born on July 24, 1874, in New Jersey. He was the New York City Police Commissioner from 1930 to 1933. He then went on to become the first chairman of the State Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1933. He died on April 30, 1960.

## Literature

* Whalen, Bernard; Whalen, Jon (2015). The NYPD's First 50 Years: Politicians, Police Commissioners, and Patrolmen. Potomac Books, Inc. pp. 161–171. ISBN 9781612346564.
# Arthur W. Wallander

Arthur William Wallander, Sr. (February 3, 1892 - November 3, 1980) was New York City Police Commissioner from 1945 to 1949. He was the only Police Commissioner to be retained by an incoming Mayor of New York City.

## Biography

He was born on February 3, 1892, in New York City to Eva Wallander of Sweden. He had a sister, Fanny I. Wallander. He was appointed as New York City Police Commissioner by Fiorello H. LaGuardia in 1945 and was asked to remain in office by William O'Dwyer when O'Dwyer became mayor. O'Dwyer had been trained by Wallander at the New York City Police Academy.
He died on November 3, 1980, at the Putnam-Weaver Nursing Home in Greenwich, Connecticut.
# Joseph A. Warren

Joseph Aloysius Warren (April 19, 1882 - August 12, 1929) - New York City Police Commissioner (April 12, 1927 – December 18, 1928).

## Biography

Warren was born April 19, 1882, in Jersey City, NJ, the eldest son of Joseph Warren, a successful Jersey City real estate businessman born in Drogheda, Co. Meath, Ireland, and his wife Ellen (née Grady) Warren.
A life-long friend and former law partner of Mayor Jimmy Walker, Warren became the second of four police commissioners appointed by Walker during a turbulent period in New York City history marred by the proliferation of prohibition-linked organized crime. Initially hailed by Mayor Walker as the ideal man for the job. Warren's tenure was cut short after only 20 months, following a number of unsolved NYPD murder investigations, most notably including the highly publicized Arnold Rothstein murder investigation of November 1928.
In accepting Warren's resignation in December 1928 the mayor praised Warren as an honest public servant.

## Death

Warren succumbed to mental illness only nine months later on August 13, 1929, in a Greenwich, CT sanitarium, an apparent victim to the rigors of his former office.
# J. William Williams

John William Williams (September 12, 1880 – May 10, 1908) was an American college football player and coach. His was one of the early deaths that was at least partially attributed to injuries incurred from a college football game.

## Playing career

Williams played college football at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania from 1901 until 1904, where he was team captain. In 1903, he and his teammates defeated Penn State by a score of 6–0 while completing their season at 7 wins and 5 losses under coach Charles Hutchins As of completion of the 2007 season, Williams still holds the school record for the most touchdowns in a game with five and has several other all-time top achievements, including a 90-yard touchdown return.

## Coaching career

After a year of studying law in Virginia, Williams was named the sixth head football coach for his alma mater, Dickinson College and he held that position for two seasons, from 1905 until 1906. His coaching record at Dickinson was 7–8–2.

## Personal life

Williams's health deteriorated while coaching and he was forced to resign in the spring of 1907. He returned to his home state of Delaware that summer until the autumn of 1907 working at a local business. It became clear that he was suffering from tuberculosis, and he decided to move west to Pueblo, Colorado. In Colorado, Williams taught physics and chemistry in the local public school system until he died at age twenty seven on May 10, 1908.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Dickinson Red and White (Independent) (1905–1906) ||||||
| 1905 | Dickinson | 4–4 |
| 1906 | Dickinson | 3–4–2 |
| Dickinson: | Dickinson: | 7–8–2 |
| Total: | Total: | 7–8–2 |
# Richard Lesh

Richard Arthur Lesh, Jr. is a professor of learning sciences, cognitive science, and mathematics education at Indiana University Bloomington. He retired from Indiana University in 2012. He graduated from Indiana University Bloomington in 1971 with a Ph.D. in mathematics, cognitive psychology, and statistics for research in the social sciences. He is also a graduate of Hanover College, where he received a B.A. in mathematics and physics.
Lesh is the originator of the Models and Modeling Perspectives research area of Mathematics education and the creator of the model-eliciting activity, which is designed to help reveal thinking processes to students, teachers, and researchers. In his work life, Lesh has worked at a variety of career positions, including as a National Science Foundation official, dean and professor at Northwestern University, principal research scientist at Educational Testing Services, and endowed professor at both Purdue University and Indiana University, where he tried to develop various alternative assessment techniques that could be used to detect learning which traditional assessment strategies did not.
# Nafisa Joseph

Nafisa Joseph (28 March 1978 – 29 July 2004) was an Indian model, video jockey and beauty pageant titleholder. She was the winner of Femina Miss India Universe 1997 and was a finalist in the Miss Universe 1997 pageant in Miami Beach.

## Early life and education

Nafisa Joseph was born on 28 March 1978 in Delhi, and was brought up in Bangalore, Karnataka. She was the younger of two daughters born to father Nirmal Joseph, a Malayali and mother Usha Joseph, a Bengali, who was a descendant of Rabindranath Tagore. Nafisa studied at Bishop Cotton Girls' School and St. Joseph's College, both at Bangalore.

## Career

Joseph started modelling at age 12 when her neighbour got her an opportunity to model for a Wearhouse ad. She was groomed as a model by Prasad Bidapa. Joseph was the youngest participant at the Miss India pageant in 1997, which she won. Joseph participated in the Miss Universe Pageant at Miami Beach, Florida on 16 May 1997, and was amongst the 10 semifinalists in the pageant.
In 1999, she was a judge for the Channel named MTV India VJ Hunt and was also a VJ for MTV. A week later she was called for a screen test to host a show on MTV . She ran the MTV House Full show for close to five years. She also acted in a television series C.A.T.S., an Indian version of Charlie's Angels for Sony Entertainment Television. In 2004, she hosted a show Style on Star World. She also launched a television programming unit 2's Company with the help of her fiancé, Gautam Khanduja. She edited a magazine called Gurlz. She also had a brief cameo in the Subhash Ghai film Taal.
In addition to modeling and hosting duties, Joseph was a lover of animals and campaigned for Welfare of Stray Dogs (WSD), People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and People for Animals (PFA), organizations for animal protection, and wrote a weekly column called Nafisa for Animals in the Bangalore edition of the Times of India.

## Death

Joseph hanged herself in her flat in Versova on 29 July 2004. She was to marry businessman Gautam Khanduja in a few weeks' time. According to her parents, Joseph took the step because her marriage was called off. This was due to Joseph having discovered that Khanduja was still married, although having told her he had been divorced for two years. When confronted, Khanduja refused to answer questions about his marital life or produce divorce papers that he had previously claimed he had filed. Instead, press reports at the time mention that he then threatened her with blackmail, probably after she threatened to confront his wife.
Joseph's parents filed a police report accusing her fiancé for her death, claiming that Khanduja had been desperate to get out of the wedding for some time, and sought his custodial interrogation. In November 2005, the trial against Khanduja was stayed by the Bombay High Court until January 2006. Khanduja claimed that there was no evidence to prove that breaking off the engagement had led to Joseph's suicide.
# Jens Henrik Beer

Jens Henrik Beer (11 June 1799 – 22 June 1881) was a Norwegian businessperson, farmer and politician.
He was born in Flekkefjord as a son of ship-owner and consul Christopher Beer (1770–1839) and Anne Malene Tjørsvaag (1772–1820). He was an older brother of Anders Beer, and a grandson of Jens Henrik Beer, Sr. He attended school in Bergen and England, and then worked for a period in Bergen before returning to his hometown in 1821. In 1824 he married Andrea Laurentze Mølbach (1802–1872).
He worked as a ship-owner, shipbuilder, sawmill owner and merchant. He was the vice consul for Denmark from 1830 to 1853, the Russian Empire from 1932 to 1863 and the Netherlands from 1853 to 1863. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1836, representing the rural constituency of Lister og Mandals Amt. He sat through only one term. He was mayor of Flekkefjord in 1840, and his brother was mayor in 1843.
In 1830 he bought some land at Øysanden near Fedafjorden in Kvinesdal, establishing a farm. According to Wollert Keilhau, "he did rational farming, which one then got to see for the first time in those corners of the country". . He wrote articles on agriculture, and was awarded for one of his articles by the Royal Norwegian Society for Development in 1837 and by the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland in 1851. Following the crisis for herring fishery in Flekkefjord in the 1830s, he added a brewery and a distillery. However, the distillery was unpopular among the local populace, and went defunct after ten years. He finally pulled out of Flekkefjord's ship industry in 1854, and died in June 1881 in Kvinesdal.
# Social law

Social law is an unified concept of law, which replaces the classical division of public law and private law. The term has both been used to mean fields of law that fall between "core" private and public subjects, such as corporate law, competition law, labour law and social security, or as a unified concept for the whole of the law based on associations.
In reaction to classical jurisprudence in the 19th century, legal scholars questioned a rigid divide between private law and public law. The German legal philosopher, Otto von Gierke worked to develop a comprehensive history and theory of "social law" (Soziales Recht). Key tenets of Gierke's work were adopted and brought into English jurisprudence by Frederick W. Maitland. In France, Léon Duguit developed the concept of social law in his 1911 book, Le droit social, le droit individuel et la transformation de l’état. A common thread has been an attachment to social justice in a democratic society. This became central to the thinking of American legal realists during the Lochner era of the early 20th century.
# Colon High School

Colon High School is a public high school in northeastern St Joseph County. It serves the residents of Colon, Michigan and the surrounding community including Colon, Leonidas and rural areas. Its high school mascot is the Magi a Rabbit (sometimes depicted as a rabbit in a hat). About its mascot Colon High Schools mascot is the Magi another word for magic. Colon chose this mascot because Colon, Michigan is the magic capital of the world. Every year Colon hosts "Magic Week" where many performers put on displays, skits and magic tricks for the town and surrounding areas. Colon High School won the MHSAA Division 1 2019 state championship in 8-man football.
# Edward Frisbie Homestead

The Edward Frisbie Homestead is a historic house at 240 Stony Creek Road in Branford, Connecticut, United States. Built about 1790 by the grandson of one of Branford's first settlers, it is a little-altered and well-preserved example of Federal period architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## Description and history

The Edward Frisbie Homestead stands in a rural-suburban area of eastern Branford, on the north side of Stony Creek Road (Connecticut Route 146) just west of its junction with Leete Island Road. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboard exterior. A single-story gabled ell extends to the right side of the south-facing main block. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the center entrance. The entrance consists of a six-panel door flanked by paneled pilasters and topped by a corniced entablature. The interior follows a central chimney plan, and retains a large amount of original woodwork. Doors and windows are framed with pilasters, and fireplace walls have carved mantels and paneling.
The house was built about 1790 by Edward Frisbie, the grandson of another Edward Frisbie, who was one of the original grantees of land that became Branford. The house is particularly elegant in comparison to other surviving houses of the time and neighborhood, probably due to Frisbie's success as a smuggler during the American Revolutionary War. He and his descendants were active in town affairs, and retained ownership of the property until 1870.
# Christopher Koskei

Christopher Koskei (also written Kosgei, born 14 August 1974) is a Kenyan runner who specialized in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He became known when he, running barefoot, won the silver medal at 1995 World Championships. After that performance, he was not able to improve his PB, having problems in his training in 1996 and 1997. In 1998 he ran only 8:48 minutes, and decided to stop running.
But at the beginning of October 1998, he met in Iten the Italian coach Renato Canova, in Kenya for the first time together with his manager Gianni Demadonna. After a long talk, he decided to try again, following the new plan from the Italian Coach.
He was able to rebuild his shape, managing a very busy season (with 14 competitions), with the most important peak in the World Championships of Seville, when he became World Champion, four years after the silver in Gothenburg.
He is the elder brother of the current world record holder Stephen Cherono (Saif Saaeed Shaheen), who followed the same coach. Koskei has another brother, Abraham, who likewise follows the family tradition of steeplechasing.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 1993 | IAAF World Cross Country Championships | | 2nd | Junior race | 20:20 |
| 1993 | IAAF World Cross Country Championships | | 1st | Junior team | 10 pts |
| 1993 | African Championships | Durban, South Africa | 2nd | 3000 m steeplechase | 8:24.58 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 2nd | 3000 m steeplechase | |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 1st | 3000 m steeplechase | |
| 1999 | All-Africa Games | Johannesburg, South Africa | 3rd | 3000 m steeplechase | |
| 1999 | Military World Games | Zagreb, Croatia | 3rd | 3000 m steeplechase | |

## Personal bests

* 3000 metres steeplechase - 8:05.43 (1999)
* 3000 metres - 7:54.75 min (1995)
* 5000 metres - 13:40.17 min (1995)
* 10,000 metres - 28:45.62 min (1996)