OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zayn Africa

Abdulmajid Aliyu (born 1 June 1994) known professionally as Zayn Africa, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer.

## Early life

Zayn Africa was born in Kaduna State, Nigeria where he obtained his JSCE and SSCE from Command Secondary School Kaduna State, then moved further and obtained his degree education in Computer Engineering & graduated with a distinction from Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
In 2017, he released a musical studio album titled "The Relationship" with 11 tracks which earned him artistic recognition in Nigeria.

## Discography

* Music Album
| Year | Albums | Album Tracks | Ref |
| 2017 | "The Relationship" | Saurara Don't Cry Don't Cry Remix (feat. Babsin) Kece On My Mind Mamanmu Mamanmu Remix (feat. DJ AB & Feezy) You Want It (feat. DJ AB & Feezy) Kishiya (feat. Feezy) Kije Gida Ki Dawo Banga Wata Ba | |
In 2020, Zayn was featured in a Nigerian Hausa Hip-Hop musical song titled "Da so samu ne".
# Fred Bradley (baseball)

Fred Langdon Bradley (July 31, 1920 – April 24, 2012) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played in 1948 and 1949 for the Chicago White Sox. Listed at 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m), 180 lb., he batted and threw right-handed. Bradley was one of many baseball players whose career was interrupted during World War II.
Bradley was signed by the New York Yankees in 1940 and immediately was assigned to their minor league system. In 1941 and 1942, he averaged 15 wins per season before joining the U.S. Navy in 1943.
Following his military discharge, Bradley pitched in the Yankees' AAA system during 1946 and 1947. In 1948 he was dealt by New York, along Aaron Robinson and Bill Wight, to the White Sox in exchange for Eddie Lopat.
In 1948 Bradley posted a 4.60 earned run average in eight relief appearances for the White Sox and did not have a decision. He opened 1949 in the minor leagues and made one start with Chicago in May, after which he returned to the minors for two more seasons.
Bradley went 0–0 with a 5.60 ERA in nine games, allowing eleven earned runs on 15 hits and seven walks while striking out two in 17⅔ innings of work. In a six-year minor league career, he went 61–52 with a 3.63 ERA in 172 games.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 "Baseball-Reference.com – Major league profile".
* 1 2 3 "Baseball-Reference.com – Minor league career".
* ↑ Baseball in Wartime
# Papalia

Papalia (Italian pronunciation:) is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Papalia, Australian sportscaster
* Anna Papalia (born 1978), American author and educator
* Carmen Papalia (born 1981), Canadian artist
* Melanie Papalia (born 1984), Canadian actress
* Paul Papalia (born 1962), Australian politician
* The Papalia crime family, an Italian–Canadian crime family
** Johnny Papalia (1924–1997), Canadian mobster
# Aminath Faiza

Aminath Faiza (more popularly known as Daisymaa; 29 September 1924 – 25 February 2011) was a Maldivian Dhivehi language poet and author.

## Biography

Aminath Faiza began to write poetry at the age of 16. She was inspired by the late Bodufenvalhuge Sidi, a famous poet and Faiza's maternal uncle. "Thiththibe" as Faiza called him, made her recite his poems when they were completed. During the 1950s, Faiza started showcasing her work, during which time, late Mohamed Amin Didi, the first President of the Maldives, created the "Lhen Veringe Gulzaar" (Garden of Dhivehi Poets). Aminath Faiza was the "DAISY MAA"; the Daisy flower of Maldivian poetry. Since then, she has published her poems and other works in magazines and newspapers, and has had compilations published in books throughout her career. She wrote poetry on many different topics including romance, social issues, religion, national unity, and national occasions.
Faiza served on the advisory body of the Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party, the first political party founded in the Maldives by late president Mohamed Amin Didi. She worked as the deputy headmistress of the former Madrasat–ul Saniyya School, now called Aminiya School. Faiza also worked for Maldives Center for Historical and Linguistic Research, during which she helped to compile the Maldivian Dictionary.
She penned her last poem on the Golden Jubilee of Iskandhar School on 5 February 2011.

## Death

On February 25, 2011, after suffering a stroke, she died at the age of 86 while being treated at Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital in Malé, Republic of Maldives. A funeral prayer was held at Masjid Al Sultan Mohamed Thankurufaanu Al Auzam following Friday prayers. She was buried at the Aa Sahara cemetery in Male in a ceremony attended by political and cultural dignitaries. She had 3 children Ahmed Abbas, Aminath Abbas and Mohamed Hilmy.

## Awards

Faiza received 2 awards:
* National Award of Recognition (1980)
* National Award of Honour (1996)
# Maimunat Adaji

Hajiya Maimuna Usman Adaji or Maimunat Adaji (c.1957 – 2019) was a Nigerian politician. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2003. She was elected again in 2011 for the All Nigeria Peoples Party.

## Life

She was an educationalist who owned a school and was a politician in the Fourth Nigerian Republic. Adaji lived in Kaduna for the better part of her lifetime who represented Baruten/Kaiama federal constituency between 2003 and 2011. She was first elected to the House of Representatives in 2003. She was a member of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) who won her election in a People's Democratic Party (PDP) party dominated area. Adaji served as deputy chairperson of the Internal Affairs committee led by West Idahosa.
In 2011 she was elected to the House of Representatives. Other women elected that year included Suleiman Oba Nimota, Folake Olunloyo, Martha Bodunrin, Betty Okogua-Apiafi, Rose Oko and Nkoyo Toyo.

## Death

Adaji died in 2019 at the age of 62.
# Prisoner exchange

A prisoner exchange or prisoner swap is a deal between opposing sides in a conflict to release prisoners: prisoners of war, spies, hostages, etc. Sometimes, dead bodies are involved in an exchange.

## Geneva Conventions

Under the Geneva Conventions, prisoners who cannot contribute to the war effort because of illness or disability are entitled to be repatriated to their home country. That is regardless of number of prisoners so affected; the detaining power cannot refuse a genuine request.
Under the Geneva Convention (1929), this is covered by Articles 68 to 74, and the annex. One of the largest exchange programmes was run by the International Red Cross during World War II under these terms. Under the Third Geneva Convention of 1949, that is covered by Articles 109 to 117.
The Second World War in Yugoslavia saw a brutal struggle between the armed forces of the Third Reich and the communist-led Partisans. Despite that, the two sides negotiated prisoner exchanges virtually from the beginning of the war. Under extraordinary circumstances, these early contacts evolved into a formal exchange agreement, centered on the creation of a neutral zone, possibly the only such in occupied Europe, where prisoners were regularly swapped until late April 1945, saving several thousand lives.
# Lécaude

Lécaude (French pronunciation: ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.
# Ivan M. Niven

Ivan Morton Niven (October 25, 1915 – May 9, 1999) was a Canadian-American number theorist best remembered for his work on Waring's problem. He worked for many years as a professor at the University of Oregon, and was president of the Mathematical Association of America. He wrote several books on mathematics.

## Life

Niven was born in Vancouver. He did his undergraduate studies at the University of British Columbia and was awarded his doctorate in 1938 from the University of Chicago. He was a member of the University of Oregon faculty from 1947 to his retirement in 1981. He was president of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) from 1983 to 1984.
He died in 1999 in Eugene, Oregon.

## Research

Niven completed the solution of most of Waring's problem in 1944. This problem, based on a 1770 conjecture by Edward Waring, consists of finding the smallest number $g(n)$ such that every positive integer is the sum of at most $g(n)$ $n$-th powers of positive integers. David Hilbert had proved the existence of such a $g(n)$ in 1909; Niven's work established the value of $g(n)$ for all but finitely many values of $n$.
Niven gave an elementary proof that $\pi$ is irrational in 1947.
Niven numbers, Niven's constant, and Niven's theorem are named for Niven.
He has an Erdős number of 1 because he coauthored a paper with Paul Erdős, on partial sums of the harmonic series.

## Recognition

Niven received the University of Oregon's Charles E. Johnson Award in 1981. He received the MAA Distinguished Service Award in 1989.
He won a Lester R. Ford Award in 1970. In 2000, the asteroid 12513 Niven, discovered in 1998, was named after him.

## Books

* Irrational Numbers. [Carus Mathematical Monographs]. The Mathematical Association of America. 1956. ISBN 0-88385-011-7.
* Niven, Ivan; Zuckerman, Herbert S.; Montgomery, Hugh L. (1991) [First published 1960]. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-81-265-1811-1.
* Calculus. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1966. ISBN 978-0-442-06032-9.
* Numbers: Rational and Irrational. Anneli Lax New Mathematical Library. Vol. 1. Washington DC: The Mathematical Association of America. 2011 [First published 1961]. doi:10.5948/upo9780883859193. ISBN 978-0-88385-919-3.
* Diophantine Approximations. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications. 1 January 2008 [First published 1963]. ISBN 978-0-486-46267-7.
* Mathematics of Choice: How to Count without Counting. Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America. 1965. ISBN 978-0-88385-615-4.
* Maxima and Minima Without Calculus. Washington, D.C.: Cambridge University Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-88385-306-1.
# Womenswold

Womenswold is a village and civil parish centred 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Canterbury, Kent, England, 1 mile to the east of the A2 road. The parish consists of three hamlets: Womenswold, Woolage Village and Woolage Green.
Historically, Womenswold has been recorded with various spellings, including Wymynswold and Wimlingswold. A further one may be Wymelyngewolde
Originally "Wymelyngewolde", from the combination of the possible personal name of "Wimel" and the Old English "ingas" meaning the "people of" and "wald" as a "forest". Thus Womanswold, or 'Wymelyngewolde', means the "forest of the people of Wimel".
The church of St, Margaret of Antioch covers all three hamlets, in Womenswold proper rather than the woodland, cereal and pasture fields within its bounds. A small mediaeval building without any side aisles, it is part of the Barham Downs group of churches.
# Robert A. Alexander

Robert Aitcheson Alexander (c. 1819 – December 1, 1867) was an American breeder of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses.

## Biography

Born on a farm near Midway, Woodford County, Kentucky, he and his siblings inherited the property on his father's death.
Alexander was sent to study in England, where he earned a degree at Trinity College, Cambridge. While there he became the beneficiary of the Scottish estate of Sir William Alexander, his uncle, at Airdrie and Cowdenhill. He lived on this estate for nine years, then in 1849 returned to Kentucky.
Back home, Alexander set about establishing a stud farm, and in the early 1850s returned to Europe to spend two years studying the techniques of breeding farms in Germany, France, and England. Starting with 921 acres (3.73 km$^2$) purchased from his family, Robert Alexander built his Woodburn Stud at Spring Station, Kentucky into the leading horse breeding operation in the United States. He also founded Airdrie, Kentucky in 1855 to mine for iron ore, a project he shortly abandoned and returned to his stud farm.
Alexander purchased two African-American enslaved people, Ansel Williamson and Edward D. Brown, who were taught the business of breeding and training horses. Both became horse trainers and had careers. After they were freed by the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, they remained as employees of Alexander until his death. Each went on to train Kentucky Derby winners and had outstanding careers that led to Brown's 1984 induction into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame and Williamson's in 1998.
In February 1865, soldiers of the Confederate Army attacked the village of Midway. They burned down the railroad station, robbed its residents, and stole fifteen of Alexander's prized thoroughbred horses.
Alexander died on December 1, 1867. His brother, Alexander John Alexander (known as "A.J."), took over the management of Woodburn Stud and further enhanced its reputation.
Alexander is portrayed in the best selling novel Horse by Geraldine Brooks, published in 2022, which is based upon the life of the racehorse Lexington. A depiction of the Confederate attack is included in the book.
# One Day Too Late

"One Day Too Late" is the fifth track on Skillet's 2009 album Awake. It was released as the seventh and final single on October 10, 2011. It made a various-artist compilation appearance on WOW Hits 2013.

## Background and meaning

John Cooper stated that he wrote "One Day Too Late" in reference to spending more time with his children and wife rather than concentrating too much on other activities in life.

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| U.S. Christian Songs | 28 |
| U.S. Christian Rock | 9 |
| U.S. Christian CHR | 2 |
# Woolage Village

Woolage Village is a former mining village situated midway between Canterbury and Dover in the English county of Kent. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east of the A2 road. Together with Womenswold and Woolage Green, it forms Womenswold parish.
It consists of approximately 52 semi-detached houses built in 1912, to house miners and their families working at the nearby Snowdown Colliery. The village shop and post office was shut in the 1990s and converted to a dwelling.
# University of Bahr El-Ghazal

University of Bahr El-Ghazal (UBG) is a university in South Sudan located in Wau, the capital of Western Bahr El Ghazal State.
It was established in 1991.

## Location

The University is located in the city of Wau, in Wau County, Wau State in the Bahr El Ghazal Region in the northwestern part of South Sudan. It is 650 kilometres (400 miles) northwest of Juba, the capital and largest city.

## History

UBG is a public university. The university was established in 1991, in response to the educational needs of the citizens of South Sudan. It is one of the five public universities in the country; the other four being:
* Juba National University in Juba,
* John Garang Memorial University in Bor
* Alexandria University in Tonj
* Rumbek University in Rumbek,
* University of Northern Bahr El-Ghazal in Aweil,
* Upper Nile University in Malakal.
The incumbent Vice Chancellor of the University of Bahr El-Ghazal is Prof. Dr. Erneo Bernardo Ochi replacing Professor. Dr. Victor Laku Kwajok. In 2020 Awut Deng Achuil was appointed the chair of the council of the university, the first woman to head a university in South Sudan.

## Colleges

As of December 2016, the university maintains the following colleges:
* College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS)
* Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
* College of Economics and Social Studies
* College of Education
* College of Veterinary Sciences
* College of Agriculture - (2018)
* Intermediate Diploma Program (3 years diploma)
# Allograph

In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol. In graphemics, an obvious example in English (and many other writing systems) is the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. Allographs can vary greatly, without affecting the underlying identity of the grapheme. Even if the word "cat" is rendered as "cAt", it remains recognizable as the sequence of the three graphemes ⟨c⟩, ⟨a⟩, ⟨t⟩.
Letters and other graphemes can also have significant variations that may be missed by many readers. The letter g, for example, has two common forms in different typefaces, and a wide variety in people's handwriting. A positional example of allography is the long s |ſ|, a symbol which was once a widely used as a non-final allograph for the lowercase letter s.
A grapheme variant can acquire a separate meaning in a specialized writing system, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet used in linguistics. Several such variants have distinct code points in Unicode and thus are not allographs for some applications.

## Typography

In typography, the term 'allograph' is used more specifically to describe the different representations of the same grapheme or character in different typefaces. The resulting glyphs may look quite different in shape and style from the reference character or each other, but nevertheless their meaning remains the same.
In Unicode, a given character is allocated a code point: all allographs of that character have the same code point and thus the essential meaning is retained irrespective of font choice at time of printing or display. Typically, for example, U+0067 g LATIN SMALL LETTER G is given a loop tail in serif typefaces but not in sans-serif faces (e.g., Times New Roman: g, Helvetica: g) but its code point is constant and its meaning persists irrespective of typeface.

### Typography of Han characters

In the Han script, there exist several graphemes that have more than one written representation. Han typefaces often contain many variants of some graphemes. Different regional standards have adopted certain character variants. For instance:
    StandardAllographDictionary definition Mainland China户户 Japan戸戸 Taiwan戶戶

## Homoglyph

The concept of the allograph may be compared and contrasted with that of the homoglyph – glyphs of different meaning that are visually similar. For example, the letter O and the figure 0 have similar shape but have different meanings; the three letters A, Α and А look identical but are characters from three different scripts (Latin, Greek and Cyrillic).
# Mardan Palace

Mardan Palace is a luxury hotel in Lara, Antalya, Turkey, built by Azerbaijani businessman Telman Ismailov. It has been called Europe's and the Mediterranean's most expensive luxury resort. The hotel was leased and being operated by Titanic Hotels and Resorts since 2018.

## History

It was opened on 23 May 2009 and attended by Mariah Carey, Kendall Jenner, Sharon Stone, Richard Gere, Monica Bellucci, Paris Hilton, Seal, Tom Jones, and the Kazakhstani President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Some football clubs like Shakhtar Donetsk and Steaua Bucharest, 2011 and respectively 2012, were guests of honor. The teams held their training camps in Antalya at the invitation of Telman Ismailov, who supported all the costs. The corporate identity and website for the hotel was created by Brash Brands in Dubai, winning it an International Design Award. It is also known as Mardan Khan because of its luxury and according to Telman Ismailov at the time of its establishment. Its pool is one of the largest in Europe and its aquarium with more than 2,400 fish is one of the largest in Europe. In December 2018, it was announced that Titanic Hotels, whose properties include Beach Lara and Deluxe Belek, would take over the hotel. It is unconfirmed when the hotel will reopen.

## Cost

Mardan Palace's reported cost is $1.4 billion. It has the Mediterranean's largest swimming pool within which is a sunken aquarium containing 2,400 fish. The hotel has 560 rooms, a 12,000 sq ft (1,100 m$^2$) spa, and its own beach containing 9,000 tons of sand imported from Egypt. 10,000 m$^2$ of gold, 500,000 crystals, 23,000 m$^2$ of Italian marble were used in the construction of the hotel.
The hotel was sold to Halkbank for just $124 million in late 2015.

## Facilities

The hotel boasts a 5-acre pool and at the center of it is their seafood restaurant. The restaurant is surrounded by 4 aquariums that host over 3,000 varieties of fish.
# Caroline Ward

Caroline Ward (born 30 September 1969) is an Australian former cricket player.
She played domestic cricket for the South Australian Women's cricket team between 1990 and 2002. Ward played one Test and one One Day International for the Australia national women's cricket team.
As of May 2014 Ward shares the record of four catches taken in a Women's National Cricket League match with Jude Coleman and Belinda Clark.
# Pyrausta plagalis

Pyrausta plagalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by Frank Haimbach in 1908. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California, Montana and Oklahoma.
The wingspan is 25 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in April and from July to September.

## Taxonomy

The species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Pyrausta subsequalis.
# St. Mark's School (Hong Kong)

The St. Mark's School (Chinese: 聖馬可中學) is a band 1 school located in the Eastern District of Hong Kong.

## History

St. Mark's School was founded at Glenealy in Central in 1949, first known as St. Paul's English PM School. The founding principal was Mr. Leslie Wah-Leung Chung (鍾華亮) (1917–2009)
. It was renamed St. Mark's School in 1953, and moved to Shaukeiwan Road in 1956. In 2001, it was relocated to its present site, a brand new building in Aldrich Bay.
In 2009, St. Mark's celebrated its Diamond Jubilee.
The parish church of this school is the Holy Nativity Church.

## School logo and motto

The logo of St. Mark's School is a lion with outstretched wings, a symbol of the undaunted spirit of St. Mark. The ribbon beneath the feet of the winged lion carries the Greek word "ΕΥΘΥΣ", which translates as "straightway" in old English.
"Straightway" has a two-fold meaning. Character-wise, it means one should be honest, frank, and morally upright. It also means straight-away, doing at once what should be done now and not putting it off.
Students of St. Mark's School are reminded to always be truthful to others, as well as be ready to take up responsibilities and act immediately.

## Academics

St. Mark's School adopts English as the medium of instruction; with the exception of several subjects, the entire curriculum is taught in English. These exceptions are: Chinese Language, Chinese Literature, Chinese History, and Religious Education. St. Mark's School is one of the 22 members of the Council of Subsidised Schools in Hong Kong.

## Extracurricular activities

There are five houses in St. Mark's School, namely Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Mercury. There are various inter-house sports competitions over the academic year as well as the annual Sports Day and Swimming Gala. In addition, students are encouraged to enrol in many different student societies and to take up numerous leadership roles.
# IDAE

IDAE may refer to:
* Infectious disease-associated encephalopathy, neurological complications of infectious diseases
* Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía, a Spanish government agency