OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ian Spence (psychologist)

Ian Spence (born 1944) is a Scottish-Canadian psychologist, and Emeritus Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Toronto, known for his work on graphical perception, psychometric methods and the history of statistical graphics, specifically on the life and work of William Playfair.

## Life and work

Born in Scotland, Spence received his Bsc in mathematics, physics, and psychology at the University of Glasgow, and his PhD in 1970 from the University of Toronto with the thesis, entitled "Multidimensional scaling; an empirical and theoretical investigation."
Spence started his academic career as Assistant Professor at the University of Western Ontario. Later on he moved to University of Toronto, where he became Professor in the Department of Psychology.
Spence's research interests are in the fields of "engineering psychology, graphical perception, psychophysics, psychometric methods with an emphasis on measurement and scaling, and statistics." His research projects in the new millennium included "the effective use of colour in scientific visualization, the role of colour in visual memory, individual differences in spatial cognition, and the navigation of dynamic information displays such as web sites."

## Selected publications

* William Playfair, Howard Wainer and Ian Spence. Playfair's Commercial and Political Atlas and Statistical Breviary. Cambridge University Press, 2005
Articles, a selection:
* Spence, Ian, and John C. Ogilvie. "A table of expected stress values for random rankings in nonmetric multidimensional scaling." Multivariate Behavioral Research 8.4 (1973): 511-517.
* Lewandowsky, Stephan, and Ian Spence. "The perception of statistical graphs." Sociological Methods & Research 18.2-3 (1989): 200-242.
* Spence, Ian. "Visual psychophysics of simple graphical elements." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 16.4 (1990): 683.
* Feng, Jing, Ian Spence, and Jay Pratt. "Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition." Psychological science 18.10 (2007): 850-855.
* Spence, Ian. "No humble pie: The origins and usage of a statistical chart." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 30.4 (2005): 353-368.
* Spence, Ian, and Jing Feng. "Video games and spatial cognition." Review of General Psychology 14.2 (2010): 92.
# Arsames II

Arsames II was the King of Armenian kingdom of Sophene, the son of Arsames I.
Arsames II reigned from 230–220 BCE and offered asylum to Antiochus Hierax, the rebellious brother of the Seleucid king, Seleucus II.
Cyril Toumanoff considered Arsames II to be the same person as Arsames I.
# Fayette Springs Hotel

Fayette Springs Hotel, also known as Stone House Restaurant, is a historic inn and tavern located at Wharton Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1822, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, 5-bay, brick building with a center hall floor plan with Federal-style detailing. It has a 2+1⁄2-story, kitchen ell. It was built by Congressman Andrew Stewart (1791-1872). It served as a stop for 19th-century travelers on the National Road.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
# Helmut Möckel (footballer)

Helmut Paul Möckel (7 December 1921 – 22 December 2011) was a German soccer player in Zwickau, Germany. He became first German Democratic Republic Soccer Champion in 1950 with the soccer team BSG Horch Zwickau.
The in 1949 founded club Betriebssportgemeinschaft (BSG) Horch Zwickau finished the soccer season of 1948–49 as 4th in the Soccer Championship of Saxony. After 3 qualifying matches against the Thüringer SG Zeiss Jena (1:1, 2:2 and 5:1) they qualified for the newly founded German Democratic Republic Premier League. Part of the team (BsG) Horch Zwickau (now FSV Zwickau) during the first season in 1949–50 was also the 27-year-old defender Helmut Möckel. The team finished this season as the first official German Premier League Champion. He retired from professional soccer after the season of 1954–55 at 33 years old and participated in 124 out of the 184 premier league games played during this time.
# 2013 Cleveland Gladiators season

The 2013 Cleveland Gladiators season was the 14th season for the franchise in the Arena Football League, and the fifth while in Cleveland. The team was coached by Steve Thonn and played their home games at the Quicken Loans Arena.

## Standings

East Divisionvte :
| Team | W | L | PCT | PF | PA | DIV | CON | Home | Away |
| y-Philadelphia Soul | 12 | 6 | .667 | 1052 | 839 | 2–2 | 6–3 | 5–4 | 7–2 |
| Cleveland Gladiators | 4 | 14 | .222 | 847 | 1047 | 2–2 | 3–7 | 3–6 | 1–8 |
| Pittsburgh Power | 4 | 14 | .222 | 726 | 1014 | 2–2 | 4–8 | 1–8 | 3–6 |
y - Clinched division

## Regular season schedule

The Gladiators began the season by hosting the Spokane Shock on March 24. They closed the regular season on July 27, on the road against the Utah Blaze.
| Week | Day | Date | Kickoff | Opponent | Results | Results | Location | Report |
| Week | Day | Date | Kickoff | Opponent | Score | Record | Location | Report |
| 1 | Sunday | March 24 | 1:00 p.m. EDT | Spokane Shock | L 41–67 | 0–1 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 2 | Saturday | March 30 | 7:30 p.m. EDT | at Tampa Bay Storm | L 47–69 | 0–2 | Tampa Bay Times Forum | |
| 3 | Saturday | April 6 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | Jacksonville Sharks | L 49–66 | 0–3 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 4 | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye | Bye |
| 5 | Saturday | April 20 | 7:05 p.m. EDT | at Philadelphia Soul | W 64–57 (OT) | 1–3 | Wells Fargo Center | |
| 6 | Saturday | April 27 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | Utah Blaze | L 40–57 | 1–4 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 7 | Saturday | May 4 | 10:30 p.m. EDT | at San Jose SaberCats | L 36–56 | 1–5 | HP Pavilion at San Jose | |
| 8 | Saturday | May 11 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | Chicago Rush | W 53–50 | 2–5 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 9 | Saturday | May 18 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | San Antonio Talons | L 33–57 | 2–6 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 10 | Saturday | May 25 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | at Pittsburgh Power | L 44–55 | 2–7 | Consol Energy Center | |
| 11 | Saturday | June 1 | 8:00 p.m. EDT | at New Orleans VooDoo | L 40–69 | 2–8 | New Orleans Arena | |
| 12 | Friday | June 7 | 7:30 p.m. EDT | Iowa Barnstormers | L 33–37 | 2–9 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 13 | Saturday | June 15 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | at Orlando Predators | L 55–62 | 2–10 | Amway Center | |
| 14 | Saturday | June 22 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | at Jacksonville Sharks | L 41–43 | 2–11 | Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena | |
| 15 | Saturday | June 29 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | Philadelphia Soul | L 57–66 | 2–12 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 16 | Saturday | July 6 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | Pittsburgh Power | W 71–58 | 3–12 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 17 | Saturday | July 13 | 8:00 p.m. EDT | at Chicago Rush | L 32–68 | 3–13 | BMO Harris Bank Center | |
| 18 | Saturday | July 20 | 7:00 p.m. EDT | Orlando Predators | W 65–62 | 4–13 | Quicken Loans Arena | |
| 19 | Saturday | July 27 | 9:00 p.m. EDT | at Utah Blaze | W 46–48 | 4–14 | EnergySolutions Arena | |
# Kenneth Marra

Kenneth Anthony Marra (born August 1, 1951) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

## Education and career

Marra was born in 1951 in Queens, New York. He graduated from the State University of New York at Stony Brook with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1973 and from Stetson University College of Law with a Juris Doctor in 1977.
Marra served as an attorney in the United States Department of Justice from 1977 to 1980. He went into private practice in Washington, D.C. from 1980 to 1983 and in Florida from 1984 to 1996. Marra served as a judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit from 1996 to 2002.

### Federal judicial service

President George W. Bush nominated Marra to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida on January 23, 2002, to a new seat created by 114 Stat. 2762. Marra was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 82-0 on September 9, 2002. He received his commission on September 13, 2002. He assumed senior status on August 1, 2017.
On April 7, 2015, Judge Marra dealt with the pedophilia case involving Jeffrey Epstein. Marra ruled that sex allegations made against Prince Andrew, the British royal, in court papers filed in Florida must be struck from the public record.
# DataSage

DataSage, Inc. was a company headquartered in Reading, Massachusetts that offered a suite of data mining, personalization, clickstream, and forecasting software. Founded in 1997, DataSage was bought by Vignette Corporation in 2000.

## Overview

Targeted at the enterprise market, DataSage was a provider of e-marketing and personalization applications.
Many large customers ran DataSage’s Data Mining Manager product, including Amazon.com, Staples, Bradlees, Sears, Outpost.com and My-Meals.com.

## History

In 1994 David Blundin started Cirrus Recognition Systems with the goal of leveraging innovative pattern recognition software developed by David at MIT as part of his work in the MIT AI Lab. The initial application was Optical Character Recognition, and the new technology made the OCR process faster and more reliable. The original sale for the company came in the form of a $300K licensing agreement with Scan-Optics, a manufacturer of document scanners. This initial success was rallied into new market opportunities, recognizing that the advanced technology had applications in other fields, including the growing field of data mining and forecasting.
In 1997, recognizing that the enterprise data mining market was a much larger opportunity than OCR, the original Cirrus Recognition Systems team formed a new company, DataSage, Inc., and began to tackle the Enterprise Data Mining market. DataSage’s initial success in inventory forecasting in the grocery business turned into a significant relationship with Walmart, providing perishable inventory forecasting solutions in Walmart’s emerging supermarket offering. During this same time period, the e-commerce market was heating up, and DataSage recognized the opportunity to enhance the product offering to support the needs of advanced e-commerce providers looking to provide personalized content based on the user’s clickstream behavior.
In 1999, DataSage launched a new set of product features specifically designed to be used in the website content personalization market, which included early collaboration with Amazon.com. This early market success in e-commerce personalization caught the eye of several major e-commerce providers that were each looking to integrate and provide these advanced capabilities with their platforms.
On January 7, 2000, a reverse triangular merger agreement was signed by both DataSage and Vignette. On January 10, 2000 Vignette Corporation announced its intention to acquire DataSage for 3.16 million shares plus assumption of the company's stock option plan and compensation plans for key employees amounting to 250,000 shares, with a target closing date of no later than March 31, 2000. The acquisition was completed and announced on February 15, 2000. Using the average closing price of Vignette’s stock over the 15 trading days following the close of the transaction (adjusted for inflation from 2000 to 2015) yields a 2015 inflation-adjusted valuation of over $1 billion. As a result, DataSage was a Unicorn (finance) 13 years before Cowboys Ventures founder Aileen Lee coined the term for private companies that reach a valuation of $1 billion or more.
# Cindy Juyoung Ok

Cindy Juyoung Ok is an American poet, translator, and professor. Her debut poetry collection, Ward Toward, was released in 2024 by Yale University Press for the Yale Series of Younger Poets. Her own poems have been published in Sewanee Review, New England Review, and others, and her translated poems by Kim Hyesoon have appeared in publications like The Paris Review. She has taught at Wellesley College and Kenyon College and is a professor at the University of California, Davis.

## Career

Ok's poems have appeared in Poets.org, Sewanee Review, New England Review, Harvard Review, Iowa Review, and won a Forward Prize for Poetry. Her translations of Kim Hyesoon have appeared in The Paris Review, Hayden's Ferry Review, and Asymptote, and her translation of Kim's The Hell of That Star will be published by Wesleyan University Press in 2026.
Before becoming a teacher in creative writing, Ok taught science at a public school and additionally taught summer programs and coached debate teams. She also did "several new jobs" such as "rape crisis call center advocate ... standardized test item reviewer ... dissertation editing ... study subject ... commissioned translator ... creative writing instructor at various nonprofits" as well as "bartending, babysitting, and essay reviewing", among others. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she both attended and taught workshops in creative writing online.
In 2023, Ok's debut poetry collection, Ward Toward, was selected for the 2023 Yale Series of Younger Poets and subsequently published by Yale University Press in 2024. The book was recommended by Electric Literature and LitHub and given a starred review by Publishers Weekly. Ok embarked on a "joint book tour" alongside Diana Khoi Nguyen to promote it.
Ok was a Kenyon Review Fellow from 2023 to 2024, during which she taught at Kenyon College. She has also been a visiting lecturer in English at Wellesley College. In fall of 2024, Ok joined the English department at the University of California, Davis to teach both undergraduate and graduate courses in poetry.
# Diocese of Tampere

The Diocese of Tampere (Finnish: Tampereen hiippakunta, Swedish: Tammerfors stift) is the second oldest and the largest diocese in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. It is divided into 69 parishes with a total population of over 595,000 people. The diocese is led by the Bishop of Tampere.

## History

The history of the diocese goes back over 450 years. It was founded in 1554 when King Gustav Vasa divided the diocese of Turku, extending over the whole country, into two parts. At first, the new diocese was established in Viipuri, the first bishop being Paavali Juusteen. After the Russian occupation of Viipuri in 1723, the bishop's seat was moved to Porvoo instead. But with the foundation of a new Swedish Diocese in Porvoo in 1923, the second oldest diocese of Finland had to move to Tampere; since then the diocese has been called the Diocese of Tampere.
Tampere Cathedral opens every day but places some limitations on the number of hours it is opened. At the upper part of the cathedral, there is The Wounded Angel.

## The Bishop of Tampere

The Bishop of Tampere is the leader of the Diocese of Tampere. In 2024, the current bishop is the Rt Revd Matti Repo.

### Bishops of Viipuri

List of bishops of Viipuri from 1554 to 1711:
* Paavali Juusten 1554–1563
* Canutus Johannis 1563–1564
* Eerik Härkäpää 1568–1578
* Olaus Elimaeus 1618–1629
* Nicolaus Magni Carelius 1630–1632
* Gabriel Melartopaeus 1633–1641
* Petrus Bjugg 1642–1656
* Nicolaus Nycopensis 1658–1664
* Petrus Brommius 1664–1672
* Abraham Thauvonius 1672–1679
* Henrik Carstenius 1679–1683
* Petrus Bång 1681–1696
* Petrus Laurbecchius 1696–1705
* David Lund 1705–1711
Russian invasion of Finland

### Bishops of Porvoo

List of bishops of Porvoo from 1721 to 1923:
* Johannes Gezelius the youngest 1721–1733
* Daniel Juslenius 1734–1743
* Johan Nylander 1745–1761
* Gabriel Fortunius 1762–1789
* Paul Krogius 1789–1792
* Zacharias Cygnaeus 1792–1809
* Magnus Jacob Alopaeus 1809–1818
* Zacharias Cygnaeus the younger 1819–1820
* Johan Molander 1821–1837
* Carl Gustaf Ottelin 1838–1864
* Frans Ludvig Schauman 1865–1878
* Anders Johan Hornborg 1878–1883
* Johan Viktor Johnsson 1884
* Carl Henrik Alopaeus 1885–1892
* Herman Råbergh 1892–1920
* Jaakko Gummerus 1920–1923

### Bishops of Tampere

List of bishops of Tampere from 1923 to the present:
* Jaakko Gummerus 1923–1933
* Aleksi Lehtonen 1934–1945
* Eelis Gulin 1945–1966
* Erkki Kansanaho 1966–1981
* Paavo Kortekangas 1981–1996
* Juha Pihkala 1996–2008
* Matti Repo 2008–
# Surinamese Maroons

Surinamese Maroons (also Marrons, Businenge or Bushinengue, meaning black people of the forest) are the descendants of enslaved Africans that escaped from the plantations and settled in the inland of Suriname. The Surinamese Maroon culture is one of the best-preserved pieces of cultural heritage outside of Africa. Colonial warfare, land grabs, natural disasters and migration have marked Maroon history. In Suriname six Maroon groups — or tribes — can be distinguished from each other. They themselves form a subgroup of the Afro-Surinamese.

## Demographics

There are six major groups of Surinamese Maroons, who settled along different river banks:
* Aluku (or Boni) at the Commewijne River later Marowijne River,
* Kwinti at the Coppename River,
* Matawai at the Saramacca River,
* Ndyuka (or Aukan) at the Marowijne and Commewijne Rivers
* Paamaka (Paramaccan) at the Marowijne River
* Saamaka (Saramaccan) at the Suriname River

## Language

The sources of the Surinamese Maroon vocabulary are the English language, Portuguese, some Dutch and a variety of African languages. Between 5% and 20% of the vocabulary is of African origin. Its phonology is closest to that of African languages. The Surinamese Maroons have developed a system of meaning-distinctive intonation, as is common in Africa.

## Religion

The traditional Surinamese Maroon religion is called Winti. It is a syncretization of different African religious beliefs and practices brought in mainly by the Akan and Fon enslaved peoples. Winti is typical for Suriname, where it originated. The religion has a pantheon of spirits called Winti. Ancestor veneration is central. It has no written sources, nor a central authority. Practising Winti was forbidden by law for nearly one hundred years. Since the 1970s, many Maroons have moved to urban areas and have become evangelical. After the turn of the millennium Winti gained momentum. It is becoming more popular, especially in the Maroon diaspora.
Religion of Surinamese Maroons (2012) :
| Religion | Number of adherents | % |
| Christianity | 74,392 | 63.3% |
| Catholic | 27,626 | 23.5% |
| Pentecostal | 21,746 | 18.5% |
| Moravian Church | 19,093 | 16.2% |
| Other christian | 5,927 | 5.1% |
| No religion | 25,270 | 21.5% |
| Winti | 9,657 | 8.2% |
| No answer | 5,116 | 4.4% |
| Other | 1,755 | 1.5% |
| Don't know | 1,377 | 1.2% |
| Total | 117,567 | 100.0% |
# Roger Gregory

Roger Lee Gregory (born July 17, 1953) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

## Background

Gregory was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania but grew up in Petersburg, Virginia. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree summa cum laude from Virginia State University in 1975 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Michigan Law School in 1978. He worked as an associate for Butzel Long and Hunton & Williams from 1978 until 1982. He co-founded the Richmond, Virginia law firm of Wilder & Gregory in 1982 with L. Douglas Wilder (the first African-American to be elected governor in the United States), and became the chair of its litigation section in 1985. Gregory is also a member of several fraternal organizations, including Omega Psi Phi fraternity, and Sigma Pi Phi fraternity.

### Federal judicial service

On June 30, 2000, President Bill Clinton nominated Gregory to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit that had been vacant for close to a decade since it had been created (the Senate had never acted on Clinton's previous nominee to that seat, J. Rich Leonard). After the Senate declined to take up Gregory's nomination, and the 2000 presidential election was already over, Clinton installed Gregory on the Fourth Circuit on December 27, 2000, via a recess appointment, which would have lasted only until the end of the 2001 Congressional session. However, he was renominated by newly elected President George W. Bush on May 9, 2001.
The Senate confirmed Gregory on July 20, 2001, by a 93–1 vote, with Trent Lott of Mississippi casting the lone dissenting vote because he objected to Clinton's use of his recess appointment power. Gregory was the first judge nominated to the Fourth Circuit by Bush and confirmed by the United States Senate and is the first black judge to serve on the Fourth Circuit. He received his commission on July 25, 2001. Gregory became chief judge on July 8, 2016. and served a seven-year-term through July 8, 2023.

### Notable opinions

On July 28, 2014, Gregory joined the majority opinion with Henry F. Floyd in Bostic v. Schaefer that declared Virginia's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional. This decision led to the legalization of same-sex marriage in Virginia as well as all other states throughout the Fourth Circuit.
On May 25, 2017, Gregory wrote for the majority when the en banc circuit upheld a lower court's injunction blocking the President's travel ban by a 10-3 vote in Int'l Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump.
In October 2017, Gregory dissented when the panel majority found that the Bladensburg Peace Cross memorial from World War I now violated the Constitution's Establishment Clause, and he wrote another dissent when the circuit denied rehearing en banc. The circuit's judgement was then reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States in American Legion v. American Humanist Association (2019).
# Belizaire the Cajun

Belizaire the Cajun is a 1986 film directed by Glen Pitre and starring Armand Assante. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival.
It chronicles the story of Belizaire Breaux, a village healer (traiteur) in Acadiana in 1859, who becomes entangled in a violent conflict between Cajuns and the new Anglophone arrivals to Southwest Louisiana.

## Cast

* Armand Assante as Belizaire Breaux
* Gail Youngs as Alida Thibodaux
* Michael Schoeffling as Hypolite Leger
* Stephen McHattie as James Willoughby
* Will Patton as Matthew Perry
* Nancy Barrett as Rebecca
* Loulan Pitre, Sr. as Sheriff
* Andre Delaunay as Dolsin
* Jim Levert as Amadee Meaux
* Ernie Vincent as Old Perry
* Paul Landry as Sosthene
* Allan Durand as Priest
* Robert Duvall as The Preacher
* Bob Edmundson as Head Vigilante
* Charlie Goulas as Vigilante
# Samuel Ogazi

Samuel Ogazi (born 14 May 2006) is a Nigerian sprinter.

## Early life

Ogazi was based as a teenager in Kaduna. In 2023, he accepted a scholarship to study at the University of Alabama.

## Career

He competed in the 4x400m relay at the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships in Cali, Colombia.
He won the 200m and 400m at the 2023 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics in Ndola, Zambia. He won gold over 200 metres and 400 metres at the Athletics at the 2023 Commonwealth Youth Games in Trinidad and Tobago. He also won gold in the mixed 4x100m relay as his Nigerian team set a new games record.
In March 2024, he set a new Nigerian under-18 record for the 400 metres, running 45.35s to finish second overall behind Christopher Morales Williams in Louisiana. The following month he lowered his personal best to 45.29 seconds in Florida.
He competed for Nigeria at the 2024 World Athletics Relays in Nassau, Bahamas. With a time of 3:12.87, the Nigerian Mixed 4x400m team of Ogazi, Ella Onojuvwevwo, Chidi Okezie and Esther Joseph set a new Nigerian national record and African Continental record at the event on 5 May 2024. Later that month he lowered his personal best to 44.53 seconds in Lexington, Kentucky. He was runner-up at the 2024 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon, running 44.52 seconds.
In June 2024, he won bronze in the 400 metres at the African Championships in Douala, Cameroon. He competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics over 400 metres in August 2024, where he ran a personal best on his way to the final, where he placed seventh overall. He also competed in the mixed 4x400m relay at the Games.