OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lucius Pinarius Mamercinus

Lucius Pinarius Mamercinus was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 432 BC.

## Background

Pinarius belonged to the ancient patrician Pinaria gens which would fall into obscurity in the middle of the 4th century BC. Pinarius was the son of Lucius Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, consul in 472 BC and grandson of Publius Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, consul in 489 BC. He might have had a brother named Publius Pinarius, censor in 430 BC. Pinarius was the last known member of the Pinarii Mamercini and it is unknown of his relationship to later Pinarii, such as Lucius Pinarius Natta, praetor in 349 BC.

## Career

Pinarius was elected consular tribune in 432 BC together with Lucius Furius Medullinus and Spurius Postumius Albus Regillensis. While previous years and the following year contained several important events and wars with the Aequi, Volsci, Falerii and Etruria, Livy and other ancient authors mentions nothing of the events in 432 BC and of the actions of the consular tribunes.
Pinarius, or possibly an otherwise unattested brother named Publius, was elected as censor in 430 BC together with a Lucius Pinarius (probably Lucius Papirius Crassus, consul in 436 BC). The censors levied heavy fines which resulted in the enactment of new laws which allowed for the payment of fines with coin instead of livestock.
# Manir Dan Iya

Manir Muhammad Dan Iya Sardaunan Kware is a Nigeria politician who served as the Deputy Governor of Sokoto State in the People's Democratic Party (PDP) from 2018 to 2023. He hails from Kware Local Government Area, Sokoto State. and is a Muslim by Religion.

## Early life and education

Dan Iya, attended Magajin Gari Model Primary School, Sokoto, from 1977 to 1983, and later proceeded to the Science Secondary School, Farfaru, between 1983 and 1989.
A BSc graduate of Economics Education from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Dan Iya also obtained various certificates from different higher institutions of learning within and outside the state, which include a Higher Diploma in Accounting and Finance from the College of Administration, Sokoto, a professional Diploma in Public Account and Audit from Abdu Gusau Polytechnic, Sokoto, a Diploma in Computer studies from the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, a Diploma in Arabic from UDUS, a Certificate in Local Government Administration from the College of Administration, Sokoto, and both Junior and Senior Certificates in Arabic from UDUS.

## Career

During ten years of work in the Nigerian Civil Service, Dan Iya worked with Sokoto state Local Government Service Commission and got posted to Kware Local Government from 1992 to 2002. He also held various positions in the Account section of the Local Government before he resigned as Principal Accountant in 2002.
He entered politics in 2003 and was Kware Local Government Council Sole Administrator. In 2004, he was elected as Executive Chairman, Kware local government council, a position he held up to 2007. He was later Chairman and Managing Director of Manmodiya Nigeria Limited, and was a Special Advisor to former Speaker of the House of Representatives, Barrister Aminu Waziri Tambuwal from 2011 to 2015. He was appointed as Legal Advisor of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Sokoto state.
In 2015, Governor Aminu Waziri Tambuwal appointed Dan Iya as a member of Sokoto State Executive Council and Commissioner in charge of Ministry for local government and community development, and oversees ministry for local government affairs, from 2019.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 552

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 552 (2007-2008) of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| New York City Board of Education v. Tom F. | 552 U.S. 1 | 2007 |
| Allen v. Siebert | 552 U.S. 3 | 2007 |
| CSX Transp., Inc. v. Ga. State Bd. of Equalization | 552 U.S. 9 | 2007 |
| Logan v. United States | 552 U.S. 23 | 2007 |
| Gall v. United States | 552 U.S. 38 | 2007 |
| Watson v. United States | 552 U.S. 74 | 2007 |
| Kimbrough v. United States | 552 U.S. 85 | 2007 |
| Arave v. Hoffman | 552 U.S. 117 | 2008 |
| Wright v. van Patten | 552 U.S. 120 | 2008 |
| John R. Sand & Gravel Co. v. United States | 552 U.S. 130 | 2008 |
| Stoneridge Inv. Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | 552 U.S. 148 | 2008 |
| Knight v. Comm'r | 552 U.S. 181 | 2008 |
| N.Y. State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres | 552 U.S. 196 | 2008 |
| Ali v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons | 552 U.S. 214 | 2008 |
| LaRue v. DeWolff, Boberg & Associates, Inc. | 552 U.S. 248 | 2008 |
| Danforth v. Minnesota | 552 U.S. 264 | 2008 |
| Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc. | 552 U.S. 312 | 2008 |
| Preston v. Ferrer | 552 U.S. 346 | 2008 |
| Rowe v. N.H. Motor Transp. Ass'n | 552 U.S. 364 | 2008 |
| Sprint/United Management Co. v. Mendelsohn | 552 U.S. 379 | 2008 |
| [[Fed. Express Corp. v. Holowecki|Fed. Express Corp. v. Holowecki]] | 552 U.S. 389 | 2008 |
| Boulware v. United States | 552 U.S. 421 | 2008 |
| Warner-Lambert Co. v. Kent | 552 U.S. 440 | 2008 |
| Wash. State Grange v. Wash. State Republican Party | 552 U.S. 442 | 2008 |
| Snyder v. Louisiana | 552 U.S. 472 | 2008 |
| Medellín v. Texas | 552 U.S. 491 | 2008 |
| Hall Street Assoc., L.L.C. v. Mattel, Inc. | 552 U.S. 576 | 2008 |
| New Jersey v. Delaware | 552 U.S. 597 | 2008 |
# Emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate

The Sokoto Caliphate was a loose confederation of emirates that recognized the suzerainty of the Amir al-Mu'minin. The caliphate was established in 1809 and later became the largest pre-colonial African state. The boundaries of the caliphate are part of present-day Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria.
According to historian Mahmud Modibbo Tukur, by the turn of the 20th-century, the Sokoto Caliphate covered an area of about 150,000 square miles (388,500 square kilometers), not including parts of Adamawa (Fombina), located in modern-day Cameroon, which is estimated to cover over 100,000 square kilometers.
At the end of the 19th-century, the Caliphate comprised 30 emirates, excluding its twin capitals of Gwandu and Sokoto. Some of these emirates had autonomous sub-emirates under them, with Adamawa having the most, numbering over 40.
According to Yusufu Bala Usman, the emirates were:
| Emirate | Date joined | Capital |
| Adamawa Emirate (Fombina) | 1809 (created) | Yola |
| Agaie Emirate | 1832 (created) | Agaie |
| Bauchi Emirate | 1809 (created) | Bauchi |
| Bida Emirate | 1835 | Bida |
| Birnin-Gaoure | | Birni N'Gaouré |
| Bitinkogi | | Lamorde |
| Daura Emirate | 1805 | Daura |
| Gelajo | | Gelajo |
| Gombe Emirate | 1804 (created) | Gombe |
| Gwandu Emirate | 1809 (created) | Gwandu |
| Hadejia Emirate | | Hadejia |
| Jama'are Emirate | | Jama'are |
| Jema'a Emirate | | Jema'a |
| Junju | | |
| Illorin Emirate | 1824 (created) | Illorin |
| Kano Emirate | 1807 | Kano |
| Katagum Emirate | 1807 (created) | Katagum |
| Katsina Emirate | 1807 | Katsina |
| Kazaure Emirate | | Kazaure |
| Kebbi Emirate | 1808 | Argungu |
| Kontagora Emirate | 1864 (created) | Kontagora |
| Lapai Emirate | 1825 (created) | Lapai |
| Lafiagi Emirate | | Lafiagi |
| Liptako Emirate | | Dori |
| Missau Emirate | | Missau |
| Muri Emirate (Hammanruwa) | | Muri |
| Nasarawa Emirate | 1838 (created) | Lafia |
| Say | | Say |
| Shonga Emirate | | |
| Torodi | | Lamorde |
| Yaga | | Sebba |
| Yauri Emirate | | Yauri |
| Zazzau Emirate | 1804 | Zaria |
# Lower Hotham, Western Australia

Lower Hotham is a rural locality located in the Shire of Boddington in the Peel Region of Western Australia. The Hotham River flows though the locality, joining the Williams River in the southern parts of Lower Hotham.
Lower Hotham is located on the traditional land of the Wiilman people of the Noongar nation.
# Jagt Singh

Jagt Singh ਜਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ (1 January 1889- unknown) also known as Soldier Singh, was a New Zealand World War 1 soldier of Indian heritage.
Before serving in the New Zealand Army, Singh served in the Indian Army in the cavalry regiment, 20th Deccan Horse where he earned the name ‘Soldier Singh’.

## Life and First World War

Singh was born in the Indian state of Punjab in 1889 to father Sawan Singh. He left his village of Shankar before in 1913, at the age of 24, immigrating to Aotearoa New Zealand.
After a year of living in New Zealand, Singh enlisted in the Army. It is recorded that Singh, at time of enlistment, resided in Manakau and his occupation was labourer and sawmill hand. Singh was one of a small group of Indian New Zealanders to serve New Zealand in World War I.
Due to systematic racial and religious prejudice of the time, it was not easy for willing Indians in New Zealand to be accepted for service in the New Zealand Army. Despite Indian immigrants living in New Zealand being British subjects, they were often not accepted or dismissed early.
World War I Nomination Rolls have Singh's name as 'Tagt Singh', although he also appears throughout archives as Jagt Singh.
Sigh entered the Trentham Military Camp in January of 1915, serving a total of four years and 176 days. Singh served in two campaigns during his enlistment, Gallipoli 1915-1916 and Egypt 1914-1916. On the 14th of February Singh embarked to Suez Egypt, arrived on the 26th March 1915. He served as a trooper in the New Zealand Mounted Rifles and 3rd Reinforcements.
In August 1915, during the Battle of Chunuk Bair, Singh’s leg was wounded and he was taken to hospital in Heliopolis. After a swift recovery, Singh returned to his unit in Palestine and Egypt. In 1916 Singh was moved from the Wellington Mounted Rifles to the Auckland Mounted Rifles.
Due to persisting injuries suffered in Gallipoli, Singh was discharged from the New Zealand Army on the 5th December 1919.
After his discharge in 1919 Singh visited Bombay, India before returning to the New Zealand Army. Eventually Singh moved back to India, returning to New Zealand for work on a few occasions.

## Legacy

Singh was awarded the 1914-1915 Star, the Victory Medal and the British War Medal (1914-1920).
In 2016 a documentary film by Vijay Singh, Farewell My Indian Soldier, was made that shared the stories of Indian soldiers that fought in the WWI. This film includes reference to soldier Jagt Singh.
# Guinness World Records: The Videogame

Guinness World Records: The Videogame is a party video game based on the Guinness World Records series of books of world records. Developed by TT Fusion and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, the game was released on November 7, 2008, in Europe, November 11, 2008, in North America, and November 12, 2008 in Australia. The game involves attempting to beat real-life world records through minigames. The game saw mixed to positive reviews upon release, and was considered better than most minigame compilations that were on Nintendo consoles at the time.

## Gameplay

Guinness World Records: The Videogame contains 36 mini-games based on real-world record attempts. The player can select 12 avatars and can travel around a globe-like map that allows them to select minigames. Beating minigames allows the player to unlock more minigames and outfits for their avatars. Minigames involve attempting to beat a world record as fast as possible, such as building the highest skyscraper in a Tetris style minigame or attempting the world's highest BMX stunt jump. The player's score is placed on a scoreboard at the end of the round and is then compared over the internet to other players' scores. The game shows trivia about real-life world records on the menu and during loading screens.

## Reception

Aggregate scores :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | DS: 70.00% Wii: 67.50% |
| Metacritic | DS: 70/100 Wii: 67/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Eurogamer | 7/10 |
| IGN | 7/10 |
| VideoGamer.com | 8/10 |
Guinness World Records: The Videogame received mixed reviews from critics upon release. On Metacritic, the game holds scores of 70/100 for the Nintendo DS version based on 4 reviews, and 67/100 for the Wii version based on 12 reviews. On GameRankings, the game holds scores of 70.00% for the DS version based on 4 reviews, and 67.50% for the Wii version based on 16 reviews.
Reviewing the DS and Wii version for IGN, Mark Thomas praised the game's strange minigames, comparing it positively to WarioWare, before ending the review with, "[...] But even then there are a couple of more fully-fledged gems in this pack that are addictive enough to warrant keeping the game handy long after you've been declared the best, the tallest, the strongest and the smartest with every record there is." Writing for Nintendo World Report and reviewing both versions, Francesca DiMola found the games lack of similarity to actual World Records disappointing and the games boring, saying, "The lack of identity and direction is unfulfilling, and while a select group of mini-games are entertaining and original, many of them feel generic and bland." Writing for Eurogamer and reviewing the Wii version, Simon Parkin found the idea to be interesting, ending the review with "[...] Guinness World Records is the best mini-game collection we've played on the Wii, in part because of the content but principally because of its context."
# China Today

China Today (Chinese: 今日中国; pinyin: jīnrì Zhōngguó), until 1990 titled China Reconstructs (Chinese: 中国建设; pinyin: Zhōngguó jiànshè), is a monthly magazine founded in 1952 by Soong Ching-ling in association with Israel Epstein. It is published in Chinese language, English, Spanish, French, Arabic, German and Turkish, and is an official outlet of the Chinese Communist Party, intended to promote knowledge of China's culture, geography, economy and social affairs as well as positive view of the People's Republic of China and its government to people outside of China.
As of September 2024, the Media and Journalism Research Center evaluated the parent company of China Today, the China International Communications Group, to be "State Controlled Media" under its State Media Matrix.

## Background and role in China

Foreign advisor and naturalized Chinese citizen Israel Epstein was editor-in-chief of China Today from 1948, and later returned to China at the request of Soong Ching-ling. The magazine was renamed China Today in 1990. China Today is usually published the first week of the month. The editors usually showcase what they characterize as the growing modernization and development which has happened in China since 1949.
The novelist, playwright and translator Gao Xingjian, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000, worked in the magazine as the chief of its French edition from 1975 to 1977. The actor, translator and politician Ying Ruocheng briefly worked for the English edition of the magazine in the 1970s. He went on to serve as China's vice minister of culture in the 1980s and played a supporting role in the 1987 Oscar-winning film The Last Emperor.
# Listed buildings in Broughton, Cumbria

Broughton is a civil parish in the Cumberland district in Cumbria, England. It contains four listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the villages of Great Broughton and Little Broughton, and is otherwise rural. The listed buildings consist of houses, a war memorial, and a farmhouse and farm building.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes |
| 17 West End 54°40′03″N 3°26′14″W﻿ / ﻿54.66763°N 3.43725°W﻿ / 54.66763; -3.43725﻿ (17 West End) | — | Late 17th or early 18th century | Originally a house, later altered and used for other purposes, it is roughcast with a green slate roof. The building has two storeys and three bays, a central door with a plain surround, and sash windows with plain reveals. |
| Pennybridge and barn 54°39′49″N 3°26′08″W﻿ / ﻿54.66366°N 3.43547°W﻿ / 54.66366; -3.43547﻿ (Pennybridge) | — | Late 18th century | A farmhouse and attached barn that are stuccoed and have tiled roofs. The house has two storeys and three bays, quoins and sash windows with architraves. On the front is a gabled porch and a door, also with an architrave. The barn, to the left, has a blocked segmental arch and a projecting cart entrance. |
| Scott House 54°40′05″N 3°26′05″W﻿ / ﻿54.66812°N 3.43481°W﻿ / 54.66812; -3.43481﻿ (Scott House) | — | Early 19th century | A roughcast house with a green slate roof, in two storeys and four bays. Above the doorway is a cornice hood, and the windows are sashes. |
| Great Broughton War Memorial 54°40′18″N 3°26′07″W﻿ / ﻿54.67161°N 3.43526°W﻿ / 54.67161; -3.43526﻿ (Great Broughton War Memorial) | — | 1920 | The war memorial is in the churchyard of Christ Church, Great Broughton. It is in slate and consists of a stele-like panel on a four-sided plinth and a single-stepped base. The panel has a pointed top, a carved laurel wreath, inscriptions, and the names of those lost in both World Wars. |
# 44 The Shambles

44 The Shambles is a historic building in York, England. A Grade II* listed building, part of the structure dates to the late 15th century, with an extension added the following century. It was refronted in the late 18th century, followed by another alteration in the 19th century, when a shopfront was added. It was renovated in 1954.
As of 2023, the building is occupied by Ye Old Shambles Tavern.
# Dorji Namgyal

Dorji Namgyal (Dzongkha: རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ) was a Bhutanese Penlop. He worked as a public servant from an early age and eventually became the Penlop of Trongsa, and was appointed Druk Desi (1831–1832). He died while repairing Punakha Dzong, which had been destroyed by fire when a civil war broke out.
# Interjectio niviella

Interjectio niviella is a species of snout moth in the genus Interjectio described by George Duryea Hulst in 1888. It is found in North America in Colorado, Manitoba, Alberta, North Dakota, Iowa and Arizona.
The length of the forewings is about 12.3 mm. The ground color of the forewings is white.
# Peter Dorf Pedersen

Peter Dorf Pedersen (28 January 1897 in Rostrup, Mariagerfjord Municipality, Denmark – 13 September 1967) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Danish team, which was able to win the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event in 1920.
# WRHL

WRHL (1060 AM) is a radio station licensed to Rochelle, Illinois, also broadcasting on 93.5 FM The station serves the Rochelle and DeKalb area and airs a classic hits format and is owned by Rochelle Broadcasting Company.

## History

The station began broadcasting on September 16, 1966, running 250 watts during daytime hours only. The station was originally owned by Tilton Publications. In 1970, the station was sold to Rochelle Broadcasting Company for $130,000. In 1994, the station added nighttime operations, running 20 watts. In 1995, the station's nighttime power was increased to 50 watts.
In 1996, the station switched from country music programming to a talk format. The station was branded "Newstalk 1060 WRHL". On December 28, 2016, after stunting with Christmas music throughout most of the month as "Santa 1060", WRHL flipped to oldies as "Good Time Oldies 1060". The station is retaining its news elements including its full service morning show hosted by Jeff Leon along with Fox Newscasts & Fox News Updates. Kris Wexell Program Director & Operations Manager. WRHL aired Chicago Bears, Chicago Bulls, and Chicago White Sox Sports. As of January 5, 2018 WRHL held a construction permit for a 250-watt FM translator station, W228DT 93.5 MHz.
On February 12, 2020 the AM (and FM translator) flipped to a classic hits format of music from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. They kept their on-air staff and branded themselves as "Superhits 93.5". This was the first time that their FM translator was ever promoted, and, furthermore, the station no longer references their AM station except for the top-of-the-hour identification. Under Program Director & Operations Manager Kris Wexell, SuperHits 93.5 has a live local morning show with Gary Petersen, Charles Van Horn with News Jeff Leon with Sports and Meteorologist Aaron Wilson, mid-days with Ashley & Brad afternoons with Murphy Sam and Jodi evenings with Rick Dees, and overnights with John Tesh. During the Christmas Holiday, SuperHits 93.5 becomes Your Christmas Super Station with 24/7 Christmas Music. You can also listen to SuperHits 93.5 on iHeart Radio and the iHeart Radio App.
# Bob Seeley

Robert Seeley (September 13, 1928 – October 15, 2024) was an American boogie woogie pianist.

## Biography

Seeley was born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 13. 1928. He played piano at Charlie's Crab in Troy, Michigan, a northern suburb of Detroit, for over three decades. Seeley played Carnegie Hall several times, and major venues throughout Europe. He released five albums, before compiling a sixth with Bob Baldori.
His greatest influence was Meade Lux Lewis. Seeley first met Lewis during a Detroit gig in the late 1940s, and a longstanding friendship through the 1950s and 1960s developed, which influenced Seeley's piano styling. Seeley also played piano with Art Tatum. Eubie Blake was also among Seeley's circle of friends.
Seeley worked for a while as accompanist to Sippie Wallace. Seeley was an all-around pianist whose interest and repertoire span ragtime, stride, blues and boogie woogie.
Seeley also participated in the so-called "Cheek to Cheek Boogie" with Mark Braun. He performed annually at The Bloomington Blues & Boogie Woogie Piano Festival, in Bloomington, Indiana, from 2016 through 2018.
Peter Silvester wrote: "His solos are notable for their coherence and logical progression, which propels them to a satisfying climax. Of all the contemporary pianists, Seeley reproduces the sound and spirit of Meade Lux Lewis with the most conviction and sometimes even surpasses the master".
Seeley lived with his mother until about age 55 and had a brother named James. He died on October 15, 2024, at the age of 96.
# Ian Coutts (bishop)

Ian Alexander Coutts (born 1956) has been Anglican Bishop of Bunbury in Western Australia since 2018.
He was educated at the University of Warwick (BA, 1977), Jesus College, Oxford (MSc, 1980), King's College London and Charles Sturt University, Sydney (PhD, 2015). He and his wife moved to Australia in 2011. They have two daughters.
# Jarawa (Berber tribe)

The Jarawa or Jrāwa were a nomadic Berber Zenata tribal confederacy, who may have converted to Christianity according to Mohamed Talbi, though Ibn Khaldun claimed they were Jewish. The Berber tribe ruled in northwest Africa before and during the 7th century. Under queen Dihya, the tribe led the Berber resistance against the Umayyad Islamic invasion in the late 7th century.