OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Greatest Trade Ever

The Greatest Trade Ever: The Behind-the-Scenes Story of How John Paulson Defied Wall Street and Made Financial History is a debut non-fiction book by American journalist Gregory Zuckerman. The book was released on November 3, 2009, by Crown Business. The book investigates the reasons and consequences of the subprime mortgage crisis and the role that hedge fund manager John Paulson played in those events.

## Overview

In 2006, John Paulson organized Paulson Credit Opportunity Fund that bet against bonds backed by subprime mortgages using credit default swaps. Paulson "shot to fame and fortune" when his investment strategies paid off during the subprime housing market crash. His bet against the subprime mortgage bubble has been called "the greatest trade ever" by Gregory Zuckerman. Paulson's involvement in the Abacus-2007AC1 deals resulted in Goldman Sachs paying a $550 million penalty, the largest ever paid by a Wall Street firm.

## Recognition

The Greatest Trade Ever became a New York Times and Wall Street Journal best-seller and has since been translated into nine languages.

## Reception

Heather Stewart of The Observer commented "Some of the best books about Wall Street – Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, and Roger Lowenstein's When Genius Failed, for example – are packed with larger-than-life characters whom we end up either rooting for or loathing. Admittedly, Zuckerman's subjects offer him scant material, but the less-than-thrilling personal tales he recounts make this book better as a telling exposition of one aspect of the financial crisis than a gripping general read." Ben Higgins of The Independent stated "The book mentions the moral question hanging over these deals a few times, but that's not really what Zuckerman, a Wall Street Journal staffer, is interested in. He's enthralled by the magnitude of markets, financial wizardy, and the personalities who did their homework and held their nerve."
# Benin at the 2023 African Games

Benin competed at the 2023 African Games held from 8 to 23 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana.

## Medal table

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Marie Rose Lalèyè | Arm wrestling | Women's left arm 65 kg | 15 March |
| Gold | Marie Rose Lalèyè | Arm wrestling | Women's right arm 65 kg | 16 March |
| Gold | Odile Ahouanwanou | Athletics | Women's heptathlon | 21 March |
# Igglesden

Igglesden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Igglesden (1964–2021), English test cricketer
* Charles Igglesden (1861–1949), English editor of the Kentish Express
* Henry Igglesden (1827–1907), English founder of the Kentish Express
# CK

CK, Ck, or ck may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Conductive keratoplasty, a type of refractive surgery
* Creatine kinase, an enzyme
* Cytokinin, a plant hormone
* Cytokeratin (CK1 to CK20), keratin proteins
* Cyanogen chloride, an inorganic chemical

### Computing

* .ck, the Internet country code top-level domain for the Cook Islands
* Collective Knowledge (software), a framework for collaborative and reproducible research

## Organizations

* Calvin Klein, a fashion company
* Chowking, a Filipino fast food chain
* Colombo Kings, a team participating in Lanka Premier League
* CK Hutchison Holdings, a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Hong Kong
* Bloods, a US-based street gang, from the nickname "Crip Killer"
* Circle K, an international chain of convenience stores

## Transportation

* China Cargo Airlines (IATA code CK)
* Composite Corridor, a designation of British Rail carriages
* Chevrolet C/K, a model of pickup truck

## People

* Louis C.K. (born 1967), American comedian
* Con Kolivas, Australian anaesthetist

## Other uses

* ck (digraph), a letter combination used in spelling
* C-K theory (concept-knowledge theory), in design
* CK (album), a 1988 album by Chaka Khan
* Civilinis kodeksas, the Code of Lithuania
* Cranbrook Kingswood, a school in the US
# Stolberg thaler

The North German thaler was the currency issued by the County of Stolberg, and after multiple divisions, by its successors Stolberg-Stolberg, Stolberg-Rossla, Stolberg-Wernigerode, Stolberg-Königstein, and Stolberg-Rochefort counties. It was issued from the late 15th century until mid 18th century when Stolberg-Wernigerode was forced to subordinate themselves to the Kingdom of Prussia and the counts of Stolberg-Stolberg and Stolberg-Rossla to the Electorate of Saxony. Numerous coinage issued by Stolberg counties was made possible by rich silver mines in their possessions.
The Stolberg thaler was distinctive in its design, featuring the coat of arms of Stolberg on one side and stag facing left, often in front of a column, on the other. The coin was minted from high-quality silver and was considered to be of good weight and fineness.

## Mintmasters

* AL – Andreas Lafferts (1612-1617)
* CZ – Christoph Ziegenhorn (1618-1626, 1632)
* IK – Johann Krieg (1645-1660)
* IIG – Johann Jeremias Grundler (1705-1750)
* C, IEVC – Johann Eberhard Volkmar Claus (1750-1765)
* EFR – Ernst Friedrich Rupstein (1766-1792)
* EHAZ, Z – Ernst Hermann Agathus Ziegler (1792-1807)

## Literature

* Germanic coinages Charlemagne through Wilhelm II. William D. Craig 1954
* German Talers 1700-1800. John S. Davenport 1979
# Susan Ursitti

Susan Ursitti is an American former actress best known for her performance as Lisa "Boof" Marconi in 1985's Teen Wolf.

## Early life

Ursitti graduated from Saint Mary's College of Notre Dame, Indiana, in 1979, and then spent several years acting in commercials, TV, film, and stage. Her filmography includes Zapped!, Teen Wolf and Defense Play, as well as television guest roles on 21 Jump Street and Charles in Charge.

## Personal life

Ursitti later received her master's degree in Design and Manufacturing. In September 1992, she married Jonathan Sheinberg, the producer of such films as McHale's Navy, A Simple Wish, and The Conscientious Objector. Ursitti is a mother to three children. She is on the advisory board for Los Angeles Parks and Recreation. Ursitti describes herself as a vegetarian. She lives in Brentwood, Los Angeles.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1982 | Zapped! | Debby |
| 1985 | Teen Wolf | Lisa 'Boof' Marconi |
| 1987 | Funland | Actor |
| 1988 | Doin' Time on Planet Earth | Sherry |
| 1988 | Defense Play | Karen Vandemeer |
| 1989 | The Runnin' Kind | Actor |
| 1995 | The Walking Dead | Ms. Glusac |
# Gordon Dewolfe Barss

Gordon Dewolfe Barss (1916 – 2010) was a Baptist missionary who served in India during 1939-1980 through the Canadian Baptist Ministries.

## Early life and studies

Dewolfe Barss was born in at the Christian Medical Centre, Pithapuram in 1939 and later schooled at the Kodaikanal International School in Tamil Nadu. For graduate studies in theology, Dewolfe moved to Canada where he took a B.A. in theology from the Acadia University in 1936. In 1938, Dewolfe was ordained as a Baptist Pastor by the Canadian Baptist Ministries following which he returned to India to serve as a missionary in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. After a decade of missionary service in India, Dewolfe Barss upgraded his academics by enrolling in a Bachelor of Divinity programme at the Andover Newton Theological School, Andover during 1949-1951 and again returned to India to resume his ecclesiastical responsibilities with the Canadian Baptist Ministries.

## Ecclesiastical career

When the Baptist Theological Seminary, Kakinada was revived in 1975, Dewolfe Barss took up the Principalship of the Seminary and led the administration for two successive academic years following which the Seminary Council of the Baptist Theological Seminary appointed S. E. Krupa Rao in 1977 to take over the Principalship from Dewolfe Barss. After serving in India until 1980, Barss settled down in Canada. During 1989–1990, Barss volunteered as a missionary to Kenya.

## Honours

In 1992, the Acadia University honoured Dewolfe Barss with a Doctor of Divinity degree by honoris causa.
Academic offices :
| Preceded byRev. T. Gnananandam 1968-1969 | Principal, Baptist Theological Seminary, Kakinada (India) 1975-1977 | Succeeded byRev. S. E. Krupa Rao 1977-1993 |
# Hřensko

Hřensko (German: Herrnskretschen) is a municipality and village in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. With an elevation of 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level, it is the lowest situated municipality in the country. Located on the edge of the Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Hřensko is known for many natural monuments, especially for the Kamenice Gorge and Pravčická brána.

## Administrative division

Hřensko consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Hřensko (175)
* Mezná (49)

## Etymology

Before the establishment of the village, there was a pub under the Hornichen mountain called Horniss Kraczmer. The possessive adjective gradually distorted (Hörniß-, Herniß-, Herns-) and was then adopted into Czech as Hřen- with the suffix of place names -sko.

## Geography

Hřensko is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Děčín and 27 km (17 mi) northeast of Ústí nad Labem. It lies on the border with Germany and is adjacent to Bad Schandau and Schöna. It lies in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. Most of the municipality lies in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park. The highest point of the municipality is Oltářní kámen at 469 m (1,539 ft) above the sea.
Hřensko is situated at the confluence of the Kamenice and Elbe rivers, in the Elbe valley. In the municipal territory is located the lowest point of the Czech Republic, which is the Elbe on the border with Germany at 115 m (377 ft) above sea level.

## History

Hřensko was established during the 15th century as a trading settlement.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,060 | — |
| 1880 | 1,108 | +4.5% |
| 1890 | 1,088 | −1.8% |
| 1900 | 1,132 | +4.0% |
| 1910 | 1,117 | −1.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 914 | −18.2% |
| 1930 | 904 | −1.1% |
| 1950 | 311 | −65.6% |
| 1961 | 266 | −14.5% |
| 1970 | 270 | +1.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 285 | +5.6% |
| 1991 | 199 | −30.2% |
| 2001 | 247 | +24.1% |
| 2011 | 266 | +7.7% |
| 2021 | 224 | −15.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/62 road from Ústí nad Labem to the Czech-German border passes through the municipality. There are two border crossings in Hřensko: the Hřensko / Schmilka road border crossing and the Hřensko / Schöna river border crossing.

## Sights

The municipality is a portal to the Bohemian Switzerland National Park. The main attractions in the municipal territory are the Kamenice Gorge and Pravčická brána, the largest natural stone bridge in Europe. They are among the most visited nature tourist destinations in the entire country.
The main cultural landmark of Hřensko is the Church of Saint John of Nepomuk. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1786–1787.

## In popular culture

Pravčická brána was featured in the film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.

## Notable people

* Erich Clar (1902–1987), German chemist
# Arthur Hewlett

Arthur Reginald Hewlett (12 March 1907 – 25 February 1997) was a British actor.
Hewlett made his stage debut in 1930 at Plymouth Rep, and his theatre work included the original British production of Bernard Shaw's Buoyant Billions at the Malvern Festival in 1949. In 1954 he appeared in the West End in William Douglas Home's political comedy The Manor of Northstead.
He is perhaps best remembered for his roles on television, including Quatermass and the Pit, Police Surgeon, The Avengers, The Saint, No Hiding Place, The Baron, The Troubleshooters, Follyfoot, The Changes, Blake's 7, Doctor Who (in the serials State of Decay and Terror of the Vervoids), Shoestring, Juliet Bravo, The Black Adder and Moondial. Arthur Hewlett also played Dr Grant in Emmerdale Farm in 1973, and the part of Mr Medwin in an episode of Doctor At Large entitled "Where There's A Will".

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1951 | Calling Bulldog Drummond | Department Store manager who raises the alarm | Uncredited |
| 1954 | Eight O'Clock Walk | Reynolds | Uncredited |
| 1954 | Delayed Action | Battersby | Uncredited |
| 1955 | The Time of His Life | Prison Governor | |
| 1960 | The Price of Silence | Police Commissioner | Uncredited |
| 1960 | The Gentle Trap | Sam | |
| 1960 | The Professionals | Hoskins | |
| 1961 | The Third Alibi | Marshall | |
| 1962 | Reach for Glory | Vicar | |
| 1962 | Dilemma | Piano Tuner | |
| 1962 | The War Lover | Vicar | |
| 1965 | City Under the Sea | First Fisherman | Uncredited |
| 1965 | The Secret of My Success | Rev. William Haversmith | Uncredited |
| 1967 | Three Bites of the Apple | Alfred Guffy | |
| 1967 | A Challenge for Robin Hood | Edwin, the castle steward | |
| 1968 | A Dandy in Aspic | Moon | Uncredited |
| 1968 | Prudence and the Pill | Mr. Ferguson (Chemist) | Uncredited |
| 1969 | The Assassination Bureau | Counterman at Lowe's | Uncredited |
| 1971 | The Night Visitor | Pop | |
| 1972 | The Pied Piper | Otto | |
| 1973 | Diamonds on Wheels | Benjy | |
| 1974 | The Best of Benny Hill | | |
| 1974 | Man About the House | Elderly man | |
| 1975 | Love Among the Ruins | The Usher | TV movie |
| 1975 | One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing | Old Gatekeeper | Uncredited |
| 1977 | The Prince and the Pauper | Fat Man | |
| 1987 | Personal Services | Mr. Francis | |
| 1987 | Little Dorrit | Physician | |
| 1988 | The Love Child | Stan | |
# Jill Kortleve

Jill Megan Kortleve (born 5 November 1993) is a Dutch model. She is known for being an exclusive face in Alexander McQueen's Spring/Summer 2019 show and for her work with Chanel. She garnered media attention for being one of the few plus-size models to walk Chanel's runway shows.

## Career

Kortleve was born and raised in the Netherlands and is of Dutch, Surinamese, Indonesian, and Indian descent. She was originally discovered as a model by her best friend, who founded the agency The Movement Models in Amsterdam. In 2020, she walked the Chanel runway during Paris Fashion Week; she was the first plus-size model to do so since 2010, when Crystal Renn modeled for the company. She has also walked for Alexander McQueen, Michael Kors, Fendi, Jacquemus, Valentino, Mugler, Rag & Bone, Prabal Gurung, Simone Rocha, and Kate Spade.
Kortleve appeared on the cover of different national issues of Vogue, including Vogue France, British Vogue, Vogue Italia, American Vogue, Vogue Netherlands, Vogue España and Vogue Russia in November 2021.
# Valkeřice

Valkeřice (German: Algersdorf) is a municipality and village in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Valkeřice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Děčín, 21 km (13 mi) east of Ústí nad Labem, and 69 km (43 mi) north of Prague.

## Administrative division

Valkeřice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Valkeřice (374)
* Sluková (0)
# Lyuberetsky District

Lyuberetsky District (Russian: Любере́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is 122.31 square kilometers (47.22 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census); 255,720 (2002 Census); 139,730 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population.
# Murder of Joseph Rafferty

Joseph Rafferty (c. 1974 – 12 April 2005) was an Irish murder victim. Following the assault of Rafferty's sister Carmel at a party, Rafferty confronted the alleged attacker, who reportedly told him that his family had connections to the "IRA" and could get him killed. Rafferty continued to receive threats that the IRA would get him for several months before his killing.
The Rafferty family met with Daithí Doolan, the local Sinn Féin representative, asking him to have the threat stopped. On 12 April 2005, Rafferty was shot twice with a sawn-off shotgun, once in the leg and once in the chest, as he left his flat in Ongar, Dublin to go to work.
Then Taoiseach Bertie Ahern stated in September 2005 that he was satisfied that there was no official involvement from the IRA. Ahern stated the murder was committed by "Elements, probably of criminality, claim[ing] they had links with republicans." Both Doolan and Gerry Adams have called for co-operation with the Garda in the investigation of Rafferty's murder. Adams stated he would be willing to meet with members of the Rafferty family.
The tenth and twelfth reports of the Independent Monitoring Commission (IMC), released in April and October 2006 respectively, contain a table on the number of murders believed to be linked to paramilitary groups between March 2003 and August 2006. While Rafferty's murder is not included in the table, a footnote states that "a member or former member of PIRA may have been involved", and that while the IMC have no reason to believe the attack was carried out by the PIRA, they believe that members of Sinn Féin and the PIRA "were aware in advance of the threat and did not take sufficient action to prevent it."
Rafferty's other sister, Esther Uzell-Rafferty, said "It's what we have been saying all along. We've never said [the murder] was sanctioned by the IRA's top man, but other Sinn Féin members knew it was going to happen and did nothing about it." Uzell-Rafferty ran as an independent candidate in the 2007 Irish general election for Dublin South-East to call on Daithí Doolan to fully co-operate with the Garda investigation into her brother's killing. In 2007 results, she received 673 first preference votes.
Rafferty's family have stated there are similarities between the murder of Rafferty and that of Robert McCartney.
# Sipa

Sipa (literally, "kick") is the Philippines' traditional native sport which predates the Spanish rule. The game is related to Sepak Takraw. Similar games include Footbag net, Footvolley, Bossaball and Jianzi.
The game is both played by two teams, indoors or outdoors, on a court that is about the size of a basketball court. The teams consist of one, two or four players in each side. The aim of the game is to kick a soft ball made out of rattan fragments, back and forth over a net in the middle of the court. The sport requires speed, agility and ball control. A point is awarded every time a player kicks the ball, the more the player kicks the ball, the more the points accumulate. Rules attached to the game are very minimal and even children can play, but the ratan ball version is preferred more for formal games.

## Washer version

One version of Sipa uses a lead washer covered with cloth, which gets kicked. This version is played by both girls and boys, but girls tend to use the outside of their foot to manipulate the washer, while boys more often use the inside of the foot. Points are scored based on the number of kicks without the ball touching the ground. If the ball touches the ground one point is awarded to the opposing team.

## Rattan ball version

This version uses a larger rattan woven ball with the same foot action. Sipa balls, which look like Hacky Sack balls, can be purchased online.
Originally, the rattan Sipa ball was 10 centimeters in diameter and made of woven rattan strips with symmetrical holes. The most defining feature of the game of Sipa is that the ball should only be touched with the legs anywhere from below the knee to the tip of the toes. The rattan ball can touch the ground.

## Simplified play (one on one, two on two, three on three, or four on four)

A set of rules determines penalty points (such as the ball bouncing twice on the ground). The two teams play against each other until a set number of penalty points is reached by one of the teams.
There is also a court version in which a rectangle is marked in grids. Grids denote zones, and dictate where players stand, and how points are allotted based on where the ball lands in the court.
This game requires much coordination.
# Ernst von der Lancken

Major General Ernst Ferdinand von der Lancken (24 August 1841 – 18 May 1902) was a Swedish Army officer. His senior commands includes the post as Inspector of the Swedish Army Service Troops (1889–1892) and Acting Chief of the General Staff (1892–1895).

## Early life

von der Lancken was born on 24 August 1841 in Malmö, Sweden, the son of lieutenant colonel Gustaf Ferdinand von der Lancken and his wife Katarina Benedikta (née Wulff). He was the brother of Deputy Governor of Stockholm (Underståthållare), Ehrenfried von der Lancken (1843–1919). He passed studentexamen in Lund in 1858 and graduated with an administrative degree (kansliexamen) in 1864.

## Career

von der Lancken was commissioned into the South Scanian Infantry Regiment with the rank of underlöjtnant in 1860. He became a General Staff officer in 1866 and was promoted to lieutenant in the South Scanian Infantry Regiment in 1870. von der Lancken became captain in the General Staff in 1873 and in the South Scanian Infantry Regiment in 1878. He served as teacher of general staff service at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1878 to 1884 and as chief of staff of the 4th Military District from 1879 to 1881.
von der Lancken was promoted to major in the Älvsborg Regiment in 1881, and became a lieutenant colonel there in 1884 and in the General Staff the same year. He then served as head of the Statistical Department of the General Staff from 1884 to 1892 and as Inspector of the Swedish Army Service Troops from 1889 to 1892. von der Lancken was promoted to colonel in the Swedish Army in 1891 and in the General Staff in 1892. He then served as Acting Chief of the General Staff from 1892 to 1895. von der Lancken was promoted to major general in the army in 1894. As Acting Chief of the General Staff, von der Lancken drafted the proposal for improved army order, which, with few modifications, was adopted by the 1892 Riksdag and was adopted by the King in Council.
He was also the driving force of the 1881—83 Service Regulations Committee. He wrote a large number of annual reports, biographies, essays and - generally very sharp - criticisms in Krigsvetenskapsakademiens handlingar och tidskrift, and also translated and provided comments to the Russian military author Genrich Leer [ru]'s work Positive Strategy (1874).

## Personal life

von der Lancken never married. It said "Faithful and noble" in his obituary, signed by the deceased's brother, Ehrenfried von der Lancken.

## Death

He died on 18 May 1902 in Hedvig Eleonora Parish in Stockholm. He was buried at Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.

## Dates of rank

* 1858 – Furir
* 1860 – Underlöjtnant
* 1866 – Lieutenant
* 1870 – Second lieutenant
* 1873 – First lieutenant
* 1873 – Captain
* 1881 – Major
* 1884 – Lieutenant colonel
* 1890 – Colonel
* 1896 – Major general

## Awards and decorations

* Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword
* Knight of the Order of the Polar Star
* Knight of the Order of St. Olav

## Honours

* Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1875)