OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grazing fire

Grazing fire is a term used in military science and defined by NATO and the United States Department of Defense as "Fire approximately parallel to the ground where the center of the cone of fire does not rise above one meter from the ground." Grazing fire is often performed by machine guns. It is tactically advantageous when attempting to cut off an infantry ground assault or counter-attack.
In grazing fire, the cone of fire does not exceed 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in)—the average height of a soldier—above the ground. When each bullet is fired, it will leave the barrel of the weapon at the axis of bore set from the angle of sight desired to strike the target area. The trajectory of the round should be constant as well as maximum ordinate. Maximum ordinate is the highest point of the trajectory, which is usually two-thirds the distance to the target from the weapon. Depending on the caliber of the round being fired and the slope of the terrain, as well as the distance to the target, the bullet will maintain a semi-flat trajectory. With 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition, which is most commonly used with, for example, the M240 machine gun, the bullet will reach a distance of 600 metres (2,000 ft) traveling at 900 metres per second (3,000 ft/s), before it begins a pronounced downward trajectory to the earth. Any distance beyond that range will be considered plunging fire due to the arc (axis of bore plus angle of sight) needed to impact the target area.
Grazing fire is so named because it cuts the vegetation low as though a herd of cattle had been grazing there. The optimal height of fire should be at knee height. In addition to keeping the enemy pinned down, anybody wounded or going to cover will fall into the line of fire, not out of it.
# Cloughton

Cloughton (/ˈklaʊtən/ KLAU-tən) is a small village and civil parish in the former Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England.

## History

The settlement is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Cloctune, and translates from Old English as the town (tūn) in the valley (clōh).
St Mary's Church, Cloughton lies in the village, as do two pubs – the Blacksmiths Arms and the Red Lion. It is home to a large conference centre and hotel called Cober Hill. It has cricket and football pitches. The church was demolished in 1831, and rebuilt completely in 1889 and is now a grade II listed structure.

## Transport

It is situated approximately 5.8 miles (9.3 km) north of Scarborough town centre. Between 1885 and 1865, Cloughton had a railway station on the line between Whitby and Scarborough. The abandoned trackbed of the railway is now a popular bridleway connecting Whitby and Scarborough.
The A171 road runs through the village which has a regular bus service (the X93) between Middlesbrough and Scarborough.

## Governance

According to the 2011 UK census, Cloughton parish had a population of 687, a reduction on the 2001 UK census figure of 711. The parish council is Cloughton Parish Council. Historically the village was in the wapentake of Pickering Lythe in the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was formed into the parish of Scalby in 1831 along with Burniston, Newby, Staintondale and Throxenby. In 1874, Cloughton was formed into its own chapelry with Burniston and Staintondale, and in 1974, it was moved into the Scarborough District of North Yorkshire.

## Notable people

Craig White, Yorkshire cricketer, lives in Cloughton. It was also the home of the Reverend G. P. Taylor, author of Shadowmancer and Wormwood. Craig Hiley, Yorkshire Photographer, lives in Cloughton.
# Stoneley wave

A Stoneley wave is a boundary wave (or interface wave) that typically propagates along a solid-solid interface. When found at a liquid-solid interface, this wave is also referred to as a Scholte wave. The wave is of maximum intensity at the interface and decreases exponentially away from it. It is named after the British seismologist Dr. Robert Stoneley (1894–1976), a lecturer in the University of Leeds, who discovered it on October 1, 1924.

## Occurrence and use

Stoneley waves are most commonly generated during borehole sonic logging and vertical seismic profiling. They propagate along the walls of a fluid-filled borehole. They make up a large part of the low-frequency component of the signal from the seismic source and their attenuation is sensitive to fractures and formation permeability. Recent studies have found that Stoneley wave processing in borehole help to distinguish between fractured versus non-fractured coal seam. Therefore, analysis of Stoneley waves can make it possible to estimate these rock properties. The standard data processing of sonic logs to derive wave velocity and energy content is explained in and.

## Comparison to other waves

A number of wave modes have been predicted based on the fluidity of the medium.
| Wave Types in Solids | Particle Vibrations |
| Longitudinal | Parallel to wave direction |
| Transverse (Shear) | Perpendicular to wave direction |
| Surface - Rayleigh | Elliptical orbit - symmetrical mode |
| Plate Wave – Lamb | Component perpendicular to surface (extensional wave) |
| Plate Wave – Love | Parallel to plane layer, perpendicular to wave direction |
| Stoneley (Leaky Rayleigh Waves) | Wave guided along interface |
| Sezawa | Antisymmetric mode |

## Effects of permeability

Permeability can influence Stoneley wave propagation in three ways. Stoneley waves can be partly reflected at sharp impedance contrasts such as fractures, lithology, or borehole diameter changes. Moreover, as formation permeability increases, Stoneley wave velocity decreases, thereby inducing dispersion. The third effect is the attenuation of Stoneley waves.
# Sarahart

40°52′26″N 44°12′36″E﻿ / ﻿40.87389°N 44.21000°E﻿ / 40.87389; 44.21000
Sarahart (Armenian: Սարահարթ, romanized: Sarahart’ and Saraart) is a town in the Lori Province of Armenia.
# Say You (Ronnie Dove song)

"Say You" is Ronnie Dove's second single for Diamond Records.
This J. B. Hicks penned track reached number 40 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart in 1964, becoming Dove's first nationally charted single. He went on to have 21 consecutive charting singles. It was included on his debut album Right Or Wrong. Despite its rather modest showing on the Billboard Hot 100, the song made it to number one on Top 40 powerhouse CKLW on August 11, 1964.
It was originally recorded by the singer Jamie Coe and released as a single a few years earlier. However, Coe's version did not chart.
# Scouting for Girls (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | |
| NME | |
Scouting for Girls is the eponymous debut album by London-based indie pop group Scouting For Girls. It was released on 17 September 2007 and has been certified 3 times platinum in the United Kingdom since its release. It contains the hit singles "She's So Lovely" and "Elvis Ain't Dead" as well as their song "It's Not About You", which was only released as a limited-copy EP in June 2007. The album had a two-week run as the UK Album Chart 'Number 1 album' on 20 January 2008 after taking over from Amy Macdonald's debut album This Is The Life. It was replaced on 3 February 2008 by Adele's debut album 19.

## Singles

* "It's Not About You" was released as the first single on 25 June 2007. It peaked at #31 on the UK Singles Chart.
* "She's So Lovely" was released as the second single on 27 August 2007. It peaked at #7 on the UK Singles Chart as the most successful single on the album.
* "Elvis Ain't Dead" was released as the third single on 17 December 2007. It peaked at #8 on the UK Singles Chart.
* "Heartbeat" was released as the fourth single on 7 April 2008. It peaked at #10 on the UK Singles Chart.
* "I Wish I Was James Bond" was released as the fifth single on 7 November 2008. It peaked at #40 on the UK Singles Chart.
* "Keep on Walking" was originally set for release as the fifth single, yet instead it was released as a promotional single on 9 March 2009. It peaked at #78 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Roy Stride

### Bonus tracks

All tracks are written by Roy Stride

## Chart performance

When it was first released in September 2007, Scouting for Girls debuted at No.12. The next week it fell down 8 places and then fell out of the top 40 in October 2007. It started to climb back up the chart in January 2008 until it reached its new peak of No.4 on 13 January. The next week it climbed to No.1 after 18 weeks of falling and climbing then it remained there for two weeks.
On 28 December 2008, it was announced as the 10th biggest selling album of 2008 after 60 weeks on the chart. The album has sold 952,303 copies as of October 2015.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Ireland (IRMA) | Platinum | 15,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | 3× Platinum | 900,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Nihozu Station

Nihozu Station (仁保津駅, Nihozu-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Nihozu Station is served by the JR West Yamaguchi Line, and is located 4.6 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shin-Yamaguchi.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The entrance to the station is located at the south end of the platform. A shelter and automatic ticket machine are also located there. The station is unattended.

## History

Nihozu Station was opened on 10 April 1972. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West).

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 383 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Chugoku Expressway Ogori IC
* Japan National Route 9
* Yamaguchi Prefectural Yamaguchi Agricultural High School
* Honmichi Western (Seibu) branch (ほんみち西部出張所)
# Ōtoshi Station

Ōtoshi Station (大歳駅, Ōtoshi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Ōtoshi Station is served by the JR West Yamaguchi Line, and is located 7.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shin-Yamaguchi.

## Station layout

The station consists of two ground-level opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge. The station building and sole entrance is located at the northeast end of the station. An automatic ticket machine is also located there. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Yamaguchi Line | for Shin-Yamaguchi |
| 2 | ■ Yamaguchi Line | for Yamaguchi and Tsuwano |

## History

Ōtoshi Station was opened on 20 February 1913. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West).

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 178 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Yamaguchi Prefectural Yamaguchi Comprehensive Support School
* Yamaguchi City Otoshi Regional Exchange Center (former Yamaguchi City Hall Otoshi Branch Office, Otoshi Community Center)
* Honmichi Western (Seibu) branch (ほんみち西部出張所)
# Serene Husseini Shahid

Serene Husseini Shahid (Arabic: سيرين حُسيني شهيد, French: Sirine Husseini Shahid; 1920–2008) was a teacher, writer, and scholar of Palestinian embroidery.

## Family and education

Shahid was born in Jerusalem as a member of the influential Husayni family. Her father was Jamal al-Husayni (himself a second cousin of the then Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini), her maternal grandfather was Mayor of Jerusalem Faidi al-Alami, and her maternal uncle was Musa al-Alami. She was educated at the Ramallah Friends School in Ramallah, later at the American University of Beirut.
She married Munib Shahid, son of a noble family of Baháʼí lineage, in 1944 and they settled down in Beirut. Her daughter Leila Shahid was Palestinian envoy to European Commission. Her other two daughters, Maya and Zeina, designed and promoted Palestinian Embroideries for Inaash.

## Career

After 1967 she became involved in starting "cottage industries" among the Palestinian refugees. She worked on embroidery projects for Palestinian women, conducting embroidery workshops on weekdays. She, together with Huguette Caland, helped found the Association for the Development of Palestinian Camps, a.k.a. "Inaash" (founded 1969) in Lebanon, an association devoted to preserving Traditional Palestinian Embroidery and helping women and children in Palestinian Refugee Camps in Lebanon. At the same time she wrote about Palestinian costumes and embroidery and helped arrange exhibitions, including one in the Museum of Mankind in the British Museum in 1991. She also donated items to the Palestine Costume Archive.
Her autobiography, Jerusalem Memories, was published in 2000, and was described by Malu Halasa as having "broke[n] with tradition". It has been translated into several languages.
# RomArchive

The RomArchive is a digital repository of Romani culture, established in 2015. Fourteen curators organised 5,000 objects, available in English, German and Romani. The archive has won a European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage and a Grimme-Preis.

## Project

The RomArchive was established in 2015 as a digital repository of Romani culture. The German Federal Cultural Foundation was the largest initial sponsor, providing €3.75 million. The founders were Isabel Raabe and Franziska Sauerbrey. The project covers areas such as dance, film, literature and flamenco. Filmmaker Katalin Bársony curated a selection of 35 films which authentically present Romani culture, one being Taikon by Lawen Mohtadi. The visual arts collection is curated by Tímea Junghaus and photography by André Raatzsch. In total there are fourteen curators.
The archive contains 5,000 objects and is available in English, German and Romani. The Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma took over the sponsorship of the RomArchive in 2019, on International Romani Day. The same year, the archive won a European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage. In 2020, it also won a Grimme-Preis.
# Shahmeran Hamam

36°55′03″N 34°53′49″E﻿ / ﻿36.91750°N 34.89694°E﻿ / 36.91750; 34.89694
Shahmeran Hamam (Turkish: Şahmeran Hamamı) is a historical hamam (Turkish bath) in Tarsus, Turkey, associated with the legendary story of Shahmaran.

## Bath house

The hamam or Turkish bath house is in the urban fabric (Kızılmurat neighborhood), within the Tarsus district of the Mersin Province in Turkey.
The bath house was built on the foundations of an older Roman bath by the Ramazanids, a beylik, which was sovereign between the 14th and 16th centuries. During the Ottoman Empire era in 1873, it was restored. The rectangular plan hamam has four iwans, the building material is rubble stone and main parts of the hamam are covered by a dome. In addition to common hamam, there are ten wooden private rooms with bath.

## Legend of Shahmaran

Shahmaran is a mythical creature, half woman and half snake and the monarch of the snakes. There are several versions of the tale, since it is an older story. It involves the relationship between the Shahmaran creature and a young man, and the man later betrays their trust. Towards the end of the tale, the Shahmaran leaves their cave and is killed by the townspeople in a bathhouse that bares the same name as this one.
On the wall of the hamam, there are some red spots, which are the sources of the legend. However, there are many variations of the story and some believe this happened in a different location.
# Shanghai Cancer Center

The Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC, Chinese: 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院), also called the Shanghai Cancer Hospital (Chinese: 上海市肿瘤医院), is a teaching hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University. Founded in 1931, it is the first cancer specialty hospital in China. It is rated Grade 3, Class A.

## Overview

In 2013, the hospital had 1,489 staff, including 1,298 medical professionals, 154 of whom are professors or associate professors. The president is Jiang Guoliang (蒋国梁), a fellow of the American College of Radiology. The hospital has 1,100 beds and treats more than 590,000 outpatients and 22,000 inpatients per year.
The hospital publishes two Chinese-language journals, the English Journal of Radiation Oncology, and the magazine Anti-Cancer (抗癌).

## History

The hospital was founded on 1 March 1931 as the Sino-Belgian Radium Institute (Chinese: 中比鐳錠治療院, French: Institut Sino-Belge du Radium), sited in the Sacred Heart Hospital of Shanghai (Chinese: 上海聖心醫院, now Yangpu Central Hospital). It was funded by a minor remittance of Boxer Indemnity paid by China to Belgian. It became an independent institute in 1936, and was renamed Shanghai Radium Institute (Chinese: 上海鐳錠治療院) after the Communists captured Shanghai in 1949. It was affiliated to the Shanghai First Medical College from 1954, and renamed the Cancer Hospital of SFMC.
# Shazalee Ramlee

Shazalee bin Ramlee (born 28 July 1994) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a central midfielder.
In 2016, Ramlee signed his first professional contract with Johor Darul Ta'zim II in the Malaysia Premier League.

## Early life

He was born in Perth, Western Australia, to Malaysian parents.
# Sitta Umaru Turay

Sitta Umaru Turay (born December 24, 1978, in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean journalist and current member of the editorial Board of the Freetown-based Sierra Express newspaper.
# Gail Armstrong (politician)

Gail Armstrong is an American politician and businesswoman serving as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 49th district.

## Early life

Armstrong was born in Socorro, New Mexico and raised on a ranch near Magdalena, New Mexico.

## Career

Prior to serving in the New Mexico House of Representatives, Armstrong was a member of the committee that organizes the Socorro County Fair. Armstrong was also a board member and one-time president of the Magdalena Municipal School District. She served on the board of the Natural Lands Protection Committee and New Mexico School Board Association, New Mexico Sentencing Commission, and New Mexico State Apprenticeship Council. Armstrong has also founded and operated several small businesses, including a plumbing company and boutique hotel. Armstrong also worked as a political aide in the office of House Speaker Don Tripp, who she succeeded in the upon Tripp's retirement.
In 2019, Armstrong voted against a bill to expand background checks on private firearms, citing the potential difficulty of enforcing new regulations in rural New Mexico.

## Personal life

Armstrong and her husband, Dale, have four children.
# The Night of the Living Duck

The Night of the Living Duck is a six-minute 1988 Merrie Melodies cartoon starring Daffy Duck, directed by Greg Ford and Terry Lennon. It was released to theatres as a part of Daffy Duck's Quackbusters on September 24, 1988 and precedes the film in all subsequent releases, including in TV broadcasts and home media.
The title is a pun on Night of the Living Dead, although the cartoon has nothing to do with said film's theme of a zombie apocalypse.
This short was also one of Mel Blanc's final performances, as it was released less than a year before his death.
The short was released on a program of special world premiere matinee screenings of the New York Film Festival’s opening day celebration event.

## Plot

Daffy Duck, engaging in his penchant for comic book perusal akin to his previous cinematic exploits in The Great Piggy Bank Robbery, immerses himself in the gripping pages of "Hideous Tales". Enthralled by the narrative involving the enigmatic "Noseman" and the looming presence of "Schmodzilla," Daffy eagerly anticipates the continuation of the story in the subsequent issue, deeming it a coveted collector's item. However, his quest for the next installment is abruptly interrupted when a falling monster clock renders him unconscious.
Amidst the depths of slumber, Daffy finds himself thrust into a surreal realm, assuming the role of the featured entertainer in a nightclub populated by an eclectic array of classic movie monsters. Among the eerie patrons are renowned figures such as Count Dracula, Frankenstein's monster, the Wolf Man, and various other iconic creatures of lore. Despite his initial trepidation, Daffy discovers a miraculous vocal talent facilitated by the application of "Eau de Tormé" throat spray, enabling him to captivate the audience with a spirited rendition of "Monsters Lead Such Interesting Lives."
However, Daffy's jovial banter takes a perilous turn when he unwittingly incurs the wrath of Schmodzilla with his jesting remarks. Provoked by Daffy's irreverence, the towering reptilian creature swiftly devours the hapless duck, plunging him into a harrowing ordeal. Awakening from his nocturnal reverie, Daffy finds himself confined within a wastebasket alongside the elusive comic he sought, now bearing the ominous visage of Schmodzilla on its cover. Dismissing the surreal encounter with a characteristic scoff, Daffy is confronted once more by the menacing persona of Schmodzilla, humorously quipping, "You were expecting maybe Calvin Coolidge?"
# Spyros Gogolos

Spyros Gogolos (Greek: Σπύρος Γόγολος, born 11 August 1978) is a retired Greek footballer, who played as a defender.

## Club career

He was born on 11 August 1978 in Thesprotia. His family origins are from Karvounari Thesprotia a village near Paramythia in Epirus.
He started playing football for Kerkyra. He joined the first team in 1995, at a time when the latter was competing in the Fourth Division, without getting to play in that season. At the end of the season Kerkyra was promoted. Gogolos played 21 Third Division and 2 Cup games during the 1996–97 season and became known as a player.
In 1997, he moved to Kallithea, then a Second Division team. In his two and a half seasons he would be in the starting lineup in most games. In 2000 he signed a 4,5 year contract with PAOK. Then he was moved to Panionios in the First Division. Firstly, he thought that his move was a loan transfer but eventually it was a free transfer as an exchange for Dimitris Nalitzis' transfer.
In January 2002, Gogolos returned to Kallithea and helped the team get promoted to the First Division. He continued playing there until 2004, when he joined Aris of Thessaloniki.
During the 2007–08 season with Aris, Gogolos was not fielded by his coach for a single league match. He thus reached consensus with the team for the termination of his contract mid-season Shortly after, Gogolos signed up for PAS Giannena. His last game with Aris on 29 November 2007 was vs the Wanderers in Bolton, for the UEFA Cup, as a late substitution, where he bore some of the responsibility for the equaliser by Giannakopoulos. Still, upon his departure after four years with Aris, he was given credit by the press for his commitment, for the helping the team rebound from the Second Division and, finally, for his dignified farewell statement.