OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hertz–Knudsen equation

In surface chemistry, the Hertz–Knudsen equation, also known as Knudsen–Langmuir equation describes evaporation rates, named after Heinrich Hertz and Martin Knudsen.

## Definition
### Non-dissociative adsorption (Langmuirian adsorption)

The Hertz–Knudsen equation describes the non-dissociative adsorption of a gas molecule on a surface by expressing the variation of the number of molecules impacting on the surfaces per unit of time as a function of the pressure of the gas and other parameters which characterise both the gas phase molecule and the surface:
    ${\frac {\mathrm {d} N}{A\mathrm {d} t}}\equiv \varphi ={\frac {\alpha p}{\sqrt {2\pi mk_{\text{B}}T}}}={\frac {\alpha pN_{A}}{\sqrt {2\pi MRT}}},$
where:
| Quantity | Description |
| A | Surface area (in m$^2$) |
| N | Number of gas molecules |
| t | Time (in s) |
| φ | Flux of the gas molecules (in m$^{−2}$ s$^{−1}$) |
| α | Anomalous evaporation coefficient, 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, to match experimental results to theoretical predictions (Knudsen noted that experimental fluxes are lower than theoretical fluxes) |
| p | The gas pressure (in Pa) |
| M | Molar mass (in kg mol$^{−1}$) |
| m | Mass of a particle (in kg) |
| k$_B$ | Boltzmann constant |
| T | Temperature (in K) |
| R | Gas constant (J mol$^{−1}$ K$^{−1}$) |
| N$_A$ | Avogadro constant (mol$^{−1}$) |
Since the equation result has the units of s$^{−1}$ it can be assimilated to a rate constant for the adsorption process.
# Betsy Ross Arts Magnet School

Betsy Ross Arts Magnet School is an interdistrict middle school located at 150 Kimberly Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut, with a focus on the arts.
Students are offered an array of art subjects including music, visual art, dance and theater along with additional disciplines within each subject. While students do partake in arts classes during each school day, academic programs are also an important focus. Betsy Ross has many connections within the New Haven county community including the Quinnipiac University College Scholars Program and a residency with Shubert Theatre (New Haven).

## History

* In 1998, the collaboration of sixth grade Betsy Ross dancers and the Pilobolus Dance Theater was featured in the New York Times.
* In 2000, Betsy Ross was one of three schools in Connecticut to participate as an affiliate in the New York Times Learning Network.
# Virginia State Route 191

State Route 191 (SR 191) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as Jolliff Road, the state highway runs 3.13 miles (5.04 km) from U.S. Route 13 (US 13), US 58, US 460, and US 460 Alternate north to SR 337 within the independent city of Chesapeake.

## Route description

SR 191 begins at a four-way intersection with US 13, US 58, US 460, and US 460 Alternate in the Bower's Hill area of the city of Chesapeake. US 13, US 58, US 460 head west as Military Highway toward Suffolk; just west of the intersection is the U.S. Highways' interchange with Interstate 664 (I-664) (Hampton Roads Beltway). The south leg of the intersection is also Military Highway, which US 13 and US 460 follow toward Norfolk and Virginia Beach. The east leg of the intersection is Airline Boulevard, which US 58 and US 460 Alternate follow toward Portsmouth. The north leg of the intersection is SR 191, which immediately turns west and crosses over I-664 with no access. The state highway crosses Goose Creek, a tributary of the Western Branch Elizabeth River, and gradually curves north. SR 191 intersects Dock Landing Road before reaching its northern terminus at SR 337 (Portsmouth Boulevard) in the Jolliff section of Chesapeake.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Chesapeake.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | US 13 / US 58 / US 460 / US 460 Alt. east (Military Highway / Airline Boulevard) to I-64 / I-264 east / I-664 – Virginia Beach | Southern terminus |
| 3.13 | 5.04 | SR 337 (Portsmouth Boulevard) | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Noor Menai

Noor Menai is a Pakistani-American banker. He has served as the President and CEO of Charles Schwab Bank (2006–07) and of CTBC Bank USA (2010–present).

## Background

Menai came to the US from Pakistan at the age of 19. He attended the University of Rochester in New York state from 1986 to 1989, receiving a bachelor's degree in economics. He received an MBA from the university the following year. Menai attended the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in Illinois in 1994.
Menai’s banking career began at JPMorgan Chase in 1990, where he worked in branch support and other retail banking positions. In 1997, he joined Citibank, where he remained for the next nine years in a variety of roles, eventually becoming a Managing Director in the Corporate and Investment bank.

## Charles Schwab and Fajr Capital

In 2006, Menai became President and CEO of Charles Schwab Bank, holding the position for 11 months. In this role, he oversaw a re-designed deposit platform for the bank, titled "World’s Best Checking." He worked to institute technological innovation at Charles Schwab, for example permitting employees to have multiple configurations on their computers for work and for personal use. In 2007, Menai helped to found Fajr Capital, a sovereign-backed private equity firm based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

## CTBC Bank

Menai was made the President and CEO of CTBC Bank (USA), headquartered in Los Angeles, in 2010. He worked to expand the bank's small business lending, arguing that small businesses were often more flexible in response to marketplace demands than large ones. An important part of CTBC's business is assisting with investment and immigration from China. Menai opposes "Cold War" thinking in US/Chinese relations, believing that it harms the economies of both nations and leads to "wasted treasure and a stalemate neither we nor the rest of the world can afford." After the turmoil in Chinese markets in late 2015/early 2016, Menai predicted to the Los Angeles Times that more Chinese investors would be moving money overseas, creating further business opportunities for banks like CTBC.
# Lecompton Formation

The Lecompton Formation is a geologic formation in Nebraska. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Big 30 All-Star Football Game

The Big 30 All-Star Football Game is a high school football all-star game held in the Twin Tiers region of Western New York and northern Pennsylvania. The game is held annually each August at Parkway Field on the campus of Bradford Area High School in Bradford, Pennsylvania and is broadcast live on radio station WESB.
Each team consists of 43 players from a 15 school-district area in each state (15+15 being the "30" indicated in the game's title). New York's team covers mostly Cattaraugus County, portions of Allegany County, and two small districts in southeastern Chautauqua County, while Pennsylvania's team covers a five-county area including Warren, McKean, Cameron, Potter and Elk Counties. This area roughly, though not exactly, corresponds to the coverage area of the Olean Times Herald, the major newspaper serving the region. The players are mostly high school graduates; some go on to play college football but many do not. Unlike most high school football games in New York and Pennsylvania, most games have full fifteen-minute quarters; the standard for most high school games is twelve minutes.
Through 2015, there have been 42 contests. New York leads the series 22-18-2. The Empire State defeated the Keystone State by a 46–37 score in the 2010 game, but most recent matches had mostly been won by Pennsylvania, including a 27–0 shutout in 2008, a 13–6 win by the Keystone State in 2009, where Pennsylvania held New York to zero completed passes, and a 28–3 win in 2011 built primarily on two New York fumbles. The 2012 game was won by New York. New York won the 2015 contest by a margin of 44–8, a record for the event.
The Big 30 Charities Classic expanded to men's and women's basketball contests in 2015, with the inaugural contests held on March 15, 2015. WGWE broadcast the games, which were held at the high school in Portville, New York.
From approximately 2003 to 2015, the football game was named the Don Raabe Big 30 Charities Classic after Don Raabe, one of the founders of the game. Disputes with Raabe's estate, trademark concerns and a decline in funds prompted the game organizers to remove his name from the game's title.
The 2020 Edition of the game was cancelled due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.
# Glennie

Glennie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alick Glennie (1925—2003), British computer scientist
* Alison Glennie, British actress
* Angus Glennie, Lord Glennie (born 1950), Scottish judge
* Bill Glennie (1924—2005), Canadian ice hockey player
* Bobby Glennie (born 1957), Scottish footballer
* Brian Glennie (1946–2020), Canadian ice hockey player
* Charlotte Glennie (born c.1972), New Zealand journalist
* Ernest Glennie (c.1871—1908), New Zealand rugby union player
* Evelyn Glennie (born 1965), Scottish musician
* George Glennie (1902–1998), American football player
* Irvine Glennie (1892—1980), Royal Navy officer
* Jim Glennie (born 1963), British musician
* John Stuart Stuart-Glennie (1841—1910), British folklorist
* Scott Glennie (born 1991), Canadian ice hockey player
* William Glennie (1761—1828), British teacher
# Cruel, Cruel Love

Cruel, Cruel Love is a 1914 American comedy silent film made at the Keystone Studios and starring Charlie Chaplin.

## Plot

Chaplin plays a character quite different from the Little Tramp for which he would become famous. In this short Keystone film, Chaplin is instead a rich, upper-class gentleman (Lord Helpus) whose romance is endangered when his girlfriend (played by Minta Durfee) sees him being embraced by her maid and jumps to the wrong conclusion. She angrily sends Lord Helpus away, saying she never wants to see him again. Distraught, when Lord Helpus arrives home he is determined to end his life. He swallows what he thinks is a glass of poison and envisions himself being tortured in Hell. Not long afterward, the girlfriend's gardener and maid explain to Minta that Lord Helpus was not flirting at all. Minta quickly sends a note of apology to Lord Helpus. upon reading it, Lord Helpus flies into a panic and summons an ambulance to help him before he dies from the fatal dose of poison. There is no danger of Lord Helpus expiring: His butler had stealthily switched the liquid in the glass to harmless water.
Chaplin's romantic interest in this film, Minta Durfee, was the wife of fellow Keystone actor Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.

## Cast

* Charlie Chaplin - Lord Helpus/Mr. Dovey
* Chester Conklin - Lord Helpus' Butler
* Minta Durfee - The Lady
* Eva Nelson - Maid

## Preservation status

Cruel, Cruel Love was presumed to be a lost film for more than 50 years until a complete nitrate film copy in reasonable condition was discovered in South America. Restoration copies were made by David Shepard of Film Preservation Associates, and by Lobster Films of Paris, and its original two-reel format is available for sale.

## Review

A reviewer from Motion Picture World wrote, "Slight in texture, but it makes a pleasing, laughable picture."
# North Carolina Highway 294

North Carolina Highway 294 (NC 294) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway serves to connect communities along the southern banks of the Hiwassee River.

## Route description

NC 294 is a two-lane mountain rural highway that is wholly in the Nantahala National Forest. From its western terminus at the Tennessee state line, it connects the communities of Liberty, Suit and Letitia to its eastern terminus at U.S. Route 64 (US 64) and US 74. It also goes by Fields of the Wood, a bible park, and access to the Hiwassee Dam.

## History

Established in 1931 as a new primary routing, NC 294 traveled from NC 28 (today US 64/US 74), through Postell, to the Tennessee state line. In 1932, it was extended east by overlapping with US 64/NC 28 then southwest on new primary routing to the Georgia state line, towards Blue Ridge. In 1934, NC 294 eastern terminus was truncated back to its original and current location; its newer segment renumbered to NC 60. In 1942, NC 294 was rerouted north onto upgraded existing and new construction, bypassing Postell on Candy Mountain Road (SR 1150).

## Junction list

The entire route is in Cherokee County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| ​ | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 123 west – Ducktown |
| Ranger | 13.3 | 21.4 | US 64 / US 74 – Murphy, Chattanooga |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Teddi Siddall

Theodora "Teddi" Siddall (August 12, 1953– February 4, 2018) was an American actress and writer. She appeared in several roles in the television series Grey's Anatomy, Wings, LA Law, Hill Street Blues, and Happy Days, and the films Fade to Black, Prizzi's Honor, and Forever Strong. She also appeared in several television movies.

## Early life

Siddall graduated from Woodward High School in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1971. She graduated from the University of Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music in 1975.

## Personal life

Siddall married actor Gary Cole in March 1992. They had one child, Mary, who is autistic. Siddall filed for divorce from Cole in June 2017. Siddall died in 2018.

## Partial filmography
### Film

* The Pleasure Palace (1980)
* Fade to Black (1980)
* Nichols and Dymes (1981)
* Tomorrow's Child (1982, TV movie)
* Prizzi's Honor (1985) - Beulah
* Roe vs. Wade (1989, TV movie)
* She Said No (1990, TV movie)
* The Switch (1993)
* Indecent Seduction (1996)
* The Accident (1997, TV movie)
* Lies He Told (1997, TV movie)
* Forever Strong (2008)

### Television

* Happy Days (1974)
* Hill Street Blues (1981)
* Midnight Caller (1989–91)
* LA Law (1986)
* Wings (1996)
* Lies He Told (1997)
* Grey's Anatomy (2006)
# Lost Branch Formation

The Lost Branch Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
# Elzy G. Burkam House

The Elzy G. Burkam House is a historic house located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. Built in 1894, it is an example of a transitional house between the revival styles popular in the 19th century and the Colonial Revival style that became popular in the early 20th century. The 2½-story brick and frame house was designed by Sioux City architect William D. McLaughlin. Its asymmetrical form was more common in the Colonial Revival style in the 1890s than it was after 1900. The house features round arch windows from the Romanesque Revival style, deep eaves with exposed rafters from the Stick Style, and it is capped with a hip roof with a dormer. The exterior of the first is covered with brick, while the second floor is covered with Clapboard. A conservatory dominates the south elevation.
The house was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998,. In 2005 it was included as a contributing property in the Rose Hill Historic District in 2005.
# Former Bank of England, Bristol

The Former Bank of England (grid reference ST592733) is a historic building at 13/14 Broad Street in Bristol, England. It was built as the site of a branch of The Bank of England.
It was built in 1844-47 by Charles Robert Cockerell with a Doric pseudo-portico of three bays recessed between low pavilions: the attic storey is arcaded with a triangular pediment .
It has been designated by Historic England as a Grade I listed building.
The building is now used as the Bristol Citizens Advice Bureau.
Francis Glennie, a son of clergyman John Glennie and also brother to Reginald Glennie worked here as a cashier.
# Hansi Müller

Hans Peter "Hansi" Müller (born 27 July 1957) is a German former footballer who played as a midfielder. Both his parents were of Danube Swabian descent (German: Donauschwaben) that were displaced from Yugoslavia after World War II. His father was born in Bačka Palanka and his mother in Inđija, both towns part of the province Vojvodina in Serbia.

## Club career

Müller began his career playing for his hometown side VfB Stuttgart. After the 1982 FIFA World Cup, he moved to Italy to play for Inter Milan for two seasons, and subsequently also spent a season with Como.
In 1985, he moved to Austria to play with FC Swarovski Tirol, where he ended his playing career in 1990.

## International career

Müller made his international debut in 1978. While at Stuttgart, Müller took part in UEFA Euro 1980 with West Germany, aged 22, after a brief taste of action at the 1978 FIFA World Cup, where he started all four games. The tournament would prove to be Müller's international peak as they emerged victorious. He had a disappointing 1982 World Cup, and despite playing in the Italian league, he made his 42nd and last appearance for West Germany the following year. In total he scored five international goals.

## After retirement

Müller was an official ambassador for the city of Stuttgart for the 2006 FIFA World Cup and Innsbruck at UEFA Euro 2008.

## Style of play

Müller was an elegant midfield playmaker, who usually played in the middle of the pitch. He was known for his clever passing and excellent left foot, as well as his charismatic presence and leadership on the field.

## Honours

Swarovski Tirol
* Austrian Football Bundesliga: 1988–89, 1989–90
* Austrian Cup: 1987–88
West Germany
* UEFA European Championship: 1980
* FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1982
Individual
* kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1979–80, 1980–81
* UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1980
* Bravo Award: 1980
* Onze Mondial: 1981
# Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They Get Nineteen Kids?

Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They Get Nineteen Kids? is a documentary film by John Korty. A 72 minute version was released in 1977, and a 50 minute version was released in 1978.

## Summary

Dorothy and Bob DeBolt, an American couple who adopted 14 children (12 at the start of filming), some of whom are severely disabled war orphans (in addition to raising Dorothy's five biological children and Bob's biological daughter). VHS and DVD releases use the shortened title Who Are the DeBolts?

## Story

The film begins with Mr. and Mrs. DeBolt traveling from their home in California to New York, where they will adopt their 19th child, a blind and physically disabled teen named "J.R." The adoption process for J.R., his integration into the family, and his struggle to develop sufficient physical strength to climb the staircase inside the family home are used as a unifying device for telling the story of how the DeBolts became involved in the adoption of "special needs" children and showing how the family approaches the challenges of raising their unusual family.
During her first marriage, Dorothy had five biological children with Ted Atwood and adopted two children from Korea. After her husband's death, she adopted two boys from Vietnam (she relates in the film that many are surprised to learn that she did not ascertain before the adoption whether the children were from North Vietnam or South Vietnam). Following Atwood's marriage to Bob DeBolt, who had one biological daughter from a previous marriage, the couple went on to adopt 10 more children from Korea, Vietnam, the United States, and Mexico — the last was adopted after the initial film was made and is not included in the "19 kids" of the title.
The film introduces the adopted children, shows many details of how they accomplish everyday tasks and household chores, portrays special family events, and includes interviews with some of the older children and with Bob's biological daughter. The DeBolts' web site notes that five members of the production crew lived with the family for 21⁄2 years while filming the movie.

## Accolades

The film won an Academy Award for Best Feature-length Documentary in 1978, as well as the Directors Guild of America Award and the Humanitas Award for producer and director John Korty in 1979.
A 50-minute version of the film, narrated and executive produced by Henry Winkler, was shown on ABC on December 17, 1978. It earned a 1979 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement - Informational Program for John Korty. It was also nominated for Outstanding Informational Program for John Korty Warren Lockhart, Dann McCann, and Henry Winkler.

## Follow-up

A sequel, Steppin' Out: The DeBolts Grow Up, was made in 1980 with Kris Kristofferson as host and narrator. The DVD edition typically includes the 46-minute sequel as a featurette. The family was also the subject of a book, 19 Steps Up the Mountain: The Story of the DeBolt Family by Joseph P. Blank.

## Preservation

The Academy Film Archive preserved Who Are the DeBolts? in 2007.
# Swedish royal baptisms

Swedish royal baptisms are, and have long been, a great event that has been surrounded by attention and ceremonies. According to the 1668 canon law a child was to be baptized within eight days after the birth. Ulrika Eleonora and Charles XI had their children baptized in different rounds, first straight after the birth, and then a bit later at the formal ceremony.

## History

In 1864 it was determined that all baptisms should take place within six weeks from the birth, a tradition that was maintained by the royal family until the baptism of Carl XVI Gustaf in 1946. He was baptized first eleven weeks after his birth. The royal children, crown princess Victoria, prince Carl Philip and princess Madeleine were also baptized between eleven and fifteen weeks after they were born. The baptism of royal children is about more than tradition. The order of succession states that all members of the royal family must "confess to the true evangelic faith", or the right to the throne is lost. Many royal baptisms have taken place in the Royal Chapel, with a few exceptions.

## Appearance

Silver was long to equate with the colour white in royal ceremonies. White long had a deep symbolic meaning in Christian contexts, the colour stood for light, virginity and purity. Silver cloths were therefore often used for swaddling infants and to carry as a canopy over parts of the baptism party.

## Charles XI's cradle

In 1655 the future Charles XI received a cradle as a christening gift from his mothers parents. It is exhibited at the Royal Armoury in Stockholm, and it is the only item that still is in use. The cradle is made out of sculptured, gold plated and painted wood. The last time it was used was at Princess Estelle's baptism on May 22, 2012. A special parade cradle for princesses had been used since 1830, but when Estelle was born it was as an heir to the throne, so for her baptism Charles XI's cradle was taken out of the Royal Armoury.