OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sponge (TV program)

Sponge (Korean: 스펀지) is a South Korean television show that aired on KBS2 from November 8, 2003, to September 21, 2012. The show is an infotainment program that deals with factoids and trivia, and tests and proves (or disproves) pieces of knowledge. Facts are usually submitted by viewers, though sometimes the TV station finds facts on their own. In 2007, the program was rebooted as Sponge 2.0 and shifted its focus to useful and necessary knowledge for a general audience. It was rebooted again and renamed Sponge 0 in 2010 but returned to its original name in March 2012.
Sponge saw popularity among young audiences; at the peak of its fame, some elementary schools incorporated it into their homework. It was adapted into a book series, the first 3 copies of which sold over 200,000 copies. The show was runner-up for the 2005 Asian Television Awards' Best Infotainment Program prize, and it reached the finals at the 2007 Rose d'Or. Sponge ended its 9-year run in 2012 on account of topic exhaustion.

## Hosts

The show had two hosts: Kim Kyung-ran and Lee Hwi-jae. Additionally each week a panel of celebrities is present.

### Former hosts

* 1st: Hwang Soo-gyeong
* 2nd: Kim Kyung-ran
* 3rd: Goh Min-jeong
All of them (from the list) are the KBS announcers.

## Format

Each piece of trivia is introduced as a sentence with a blank missing. A panel of guests including singers, comedians, and actors then attempt to fill in the missing blank. After the guests make their guesses, the answer is revealed, and proof is offered to show how the piece of trivia is true.
Following the video evidence, a panel of 50 judges votes on how interesting the particular piece of trivia was, rating it on a scale of one to five stars. For people that submitted items that received five stars, a cash prize of 1,000,000 won is awarded.
However, the new version, Sponge 2.0, has a different format. Instead of viewers submitting items, professionals from specific fields appear on set to provide intriguing and interesting facts, which are presented with video footage. Instead of 50 judges, the show invites 100 people who usually assist in on-stage polls and demonstrations. The panel of celebrities remains.
The original version of Sponge ended with the week's top internet searches on Naver. In Sponge 2.0, episodes end with a way to develop and stimulate the brain.

## Plagiarism accusations

Following Sponge's 2003 debut, the Japanese television network Fuji TV accused the show of copying their program Hey! Spring of Trivia, which first broadcast in October 2002. KBS denied the claims, but Fuji TV stood their ground on the two shows' similarity. Fuji TV initially considered taking legal action against KBS, but Fuji TV later stated the claims proved hard to resolve legally. An investigation by the Korea Broadcasting Commission concluded that the accusations lacked evidence.
# A Lesson in Love (1931 film)

A Lesson in Love is a 1931 American comedy film starring Helen Kane.

## Plot

Helen Kane stars as "Helen Lane", a college student who has a crush on her psychology teacher Professor Hotchiss (or "Professor Hot Kiss" as Helen bumbles). The professor however is short-tempered with Helen because she's such a poor student. She disrupts the classroom, and he kicks her out of the class. However later at the school dance Helen can't get over her feelings for Professor Hotchiss. Helen bumps into the professor and they both confess their love for one another. Helen then begins to sing for the professor "I Love Myself Cause You Love Me." After her performance the professor proposes to her, and she accepts.

## Cast

* Helen Kane as Helen Lane
* Donald Kirke
* Millard Mitchell
# Ammonicera extracarinacostata

Ammonicera extracarinacostata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Omalogyridae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Seychelles and Madagascar.
# Jim Weaver (right-handed pitcher)

James Dement "Big James" Weaver (November 25, 1903 – December 12, 1983) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the Washington Senators, New York Yankees, St. Louis Browns, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates and the Cincinnati Reds between 1928 and 1939. He batted and threw right-handed.
Over the course of his 12-year MLB career, Weaver compiled a 57–36 win–loss record, a 3.88 ERA, striking out 449 while walking 336. His only ejection came on June 21, 1936, for singing in the dugout, annoying umpire Beans Reardon, with whom he had an argument the game before.
Weaver was born in Obion County, Tennessee, and died in Lakeland, Florida.
# Chiara Costazza

Chiara Costazza (born 6 May 1984) is an Italian former World Cup alpine ski racer, who specialized in slalom.
Born in Cavalese, Trentino, Costazza resides in Pozza di Fassa. She won one World Cup race, a slalom, in December 2007 at Lienz, Austria, and competed in four Winter Olympics and six World Championships.

## World Cup results
### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall | Slalom | Giant Slalom | Super G | Downhill | Combined |
| 2005 | 20 | 90 | 40 | — | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 21 | 37 | 12 | — | — | — | — |
| 2007 | 22 | 50 | 13 | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 23 | 27 | 7 | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 24 | 108 | 48 | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 25 | 66 | 22 | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 26 | 114 | 51 | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 27 | 95 | 39 | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 28 | 69 | 28 | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 29 | 50 | 17 | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 30 | 43 | 15 | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 31 | 68 | 24 | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 32 | 40 | 9 | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 33 | 52 | 19 | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 34 | 48 | 16 | — | — | — | — |
    Standings through 16 February 2019

### Race podiums

* 1 win – (1 SL)
* 2 podiums – (2 SL); 32 top tens
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline | Race |
| 2007 | 10 Nov 2007 | Reiteralm, Austria | Slalom | 3rd |
| 2007 | 29 Dec 2007 | Lienz, Austria | Slalom | 1st |

## World Championship results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant  slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined |
| 2005 | 20 | DNF2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2007 | 22 | DNF2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 24 | Injured: did not compete | Injured: did not compete | Injured: did not compete | Injured: did not compete | Injured: did not compete |
| 2011 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 28 | 14 | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 30 | 16 | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 32 | DNF1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 34 | 20 | — | — | — | — |

## Olympic results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant  slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined |
| 2006 | 21 | 8 | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 25 | DNF2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 29 | DNF2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 33 | 9 | — | — | — | — |
# Upton Chapel

Upton Chapel, close by Upton Castle, near Cosheston, Pembrokeshire, Wales, is dedicated to Saint Giles and is a Grade I listed building. Dating from the 12th or 13th century, it consists of a small nave and chancel. Amongst the memorials in the chapel are the effigies of William Malefant (died in 1362) wearing chain mail and another of a female member of the Malefant family. There are several memorials to local families. There is a small piscina and a Jacobean pulpit. The masonry walls are from local rubble stone. The roofs are slated with tile ridges and there is a bellcote at the west end. The interior was restored in 1978 by the owner of the castle.
# Oscar Poltronieri

Oscar Ismael Poltronieri (born 2 February 1962) is an Argentine former soldier, who fought in the Falklands War in 1982. He is the only private who received antemortem the highest military distinction of Argentina, the Cross for Heroic Valour in Combat, for his actions during the Battle of Two Sisters.
He was born in Mercedes, Buenos Aires Province, into a poor family and started work as ranch hand when he was a child, never finishing elementary school. In 1981, Poltronieri was called up for military service. With only basic instruction, he was assigned to the Sixth Infantry Regiment to fight during the conflict of the Falklands in 1982. In the last hours of the combat, ignoring an order to withdraw, he stayed with an FN MAG, single-handedly stopping an assault by the Scots Guards.
After the war, he only got temporary jobs and became a beggar due to the desmalvinización, the rejection by Argentinian society of the Falklands conflict and its veterans. Nevertheless, he became the subject of recognition when his story attracted the attention of the main media of the country such as the newspaper Clarín. The Argentine Army eventually incorporated him as civilian personnel at Campo de Mayo base.
He is the subject of multiple tributes including a documentary about his life and songs.
# Cristian Deville

Cristian Deville (born 3 January 1981) is a World Cup alpine ski racer from Italy.

## Career

Born in Cavalese, Trentino, he competes in the technical events and specializes in the slalom. Deville made his World Cup debut in January 2003, and has competed for Italy in three World Championships and the 2010 Olympics.
Through March 2013, Deville has one World Cup win, four podiums, and 19 top ten finishes, all in slalom.

## World Cup results
### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall | Slalom | Giant Slalom | Super G | Downhill | Combined |
| 2004 | 23 | 121 | 51 | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 24 | 84 | 31 | — | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 25 | 74 | 27 | — | — | — | — |
| 2007 | 26 | 54 | 17 | — | — | — | — |
| 2008 | 27 | 39 | 11 | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 28 | 86 | 30 | — | — | — | — |
| 2010 | 29 | 83 | 27 | — | — | — | — |
| 2011 | 30 | 36 | 11 | — | — | — | — |
| 2012 | 31 | 23 | 4 | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 32 | 73 | 25 | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 | 33 | 93 | 34 | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 34 | 109 | 34 | — | — | — | — |
| 2016 | 35 | unranked | 0 points | 0 points | 0 points | 0 points | 0 points |
| 2017 | 36 | unranked | 0 points | 0 points | 0 points | 0 points | 0 points |
| 2018 | 34 | 121 | 37 | — | — | — | — |
* Standings through 28 January 2018

### Race podiums

* 1 win – (1 SL)
* 4 podiums – (4 SL)
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline | Place |
| 2012 | 8 Dec 2011 | Beaver Creek, USA | Slalom | 2nd |
| 2012 | 21 Dec 2011 | Flachau, Austria | Slalom | 3rd |
| 2012 | 22 Jan 2012 | Kitzbühel, Austria | Slalom | 1st |
| 2012 | 11 Mar 2012 | Kranjska Gora, Slovenia | Slalom | 2nd |
# Laurits Munch-Petersen

Laurits Munch-Petersen (born on July 19, 1973; in Copenhagen) is a Danish film director who graduated from the National Film School of Denmark with his Student Academy Award-winning diploma film "Between Us" (Mellem Os) in 2004. This film won 13 international film awards and became the most award-winning film in the history of The National Film School of Denmark.
Laurits directed several films and series including the feature film Ambulance (2005), Seducer's Fall (2007), Over the Edge (2012), Shadow of a Hero (2015), Dolphin (2017), On the Road with Dad (2018), etc.
In 2021 Laurits' feature film "Ambulance" was remade as Ambulance by Hollywood director Michael Bay and starring Jake Gyllenhaal.
Laurits is the son of the internationally acclaimed Danish designer Ursula Munch-Petersen and Danish painter Erik Hagens, and grandson of legendary Danish painter and poet Gustaf Munch-Petersen who was shot at the age of 26 during the Spanish Civil War in 1938.
Laurits has three daughters: Iris Munch-Petersen (born 2009) Lucia Munch-Petersen (born 2013) and Mila Munch-Petersen (born 2018). Iris and Lucia appear in his film "Shadow of a Hero" (2015) and his children's TV series "On the Road with Dad" (2018), which became the most viewed TV series on DR Ramasjang in 2018.
In 2009, Laurits signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge of drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.
Laurits is also a writer and director for the new Danish TV series "Crasher", based on Søren Kierkegaard "Diary of a Seducer", which premiered on December 1, 2023.

## Filmography

* Crasher (2023) – TV series, Director and Writer
* On the Road with Dad (2019) – TV series
* Dolphin (2017) – Short film
* Shadow of a Hero (2015) – Feature film
* Over the Edge (2012) – Feature film
* The 7 Killings (2010) – TV series
* Hurry Home (2009) – Documentary feature film
* Seducer's Fall (2008) – Documentary feature film
* Ambulance (2005) Feature film
* Between Us (2003) – Short film – Oscar-winner
* Livshunger (2002) – TV series, Actor
* The Good Son (2001) – Short film
* Three on a Bike (2001) – Short film
* Tempo (1998) – Short film
* It's a Game (1998) – Short film
* The Circle (1996) – Feature film shot in Mexico
* Lisa's Day (1994) – Short film
* A Woman in Every Town (1993) – Short film
# Jawahir Shah

Jawahir Nathoo Shah (9 April 1942 - 15 September 2019) was an East African cricketer. He played three One Day Internationals in the 1975 World Cup. He was Kenya's leading batsman from the mid 1960s for more than a decade and a half. An attractive batsman with a wide range of strokes, he hit 96 and 134 for Kenya against a strong touring India side which featured Bedi and Prasanna in 1967.
# Greek Sign Language

Greek Sign Language (Greek: Ελληνική νοηματική γλώσσα, romanized: Ellinikí noimatikí glóssa, ENG) is a sign language used by the Greek deaf community.
Greek Sign has been legally recognized as the official language area of the Deaf community for educational purposes in Greece since 2000. The Greek Sign Language is estimated to be used by some 40,600 people.
On December 19, 2013, the OMKE (Greek Federation of the Deaf) presented the Declaration on the Constitutional Recognition of the Greek Sign Language.

## Historical evolution

The Greek Sign Language is recognized as the first language of deaf and hard of hearing students by law 2817/2000. Since 2000, according to the aforementioned law, as well as 3699/2008, knowledge of the Greek Sign Language is a mandatory qualification for the recruitment of new professionals in the education of deaf students. By Law 4488/2017 (Article 65 (2)). The Greek Sign Language is recognized as equal to the Greek language. In addition, the law stipulates that the state is taking measures to promote it and to cover all the communication needs of the deaf and hard of hearing citizens.

## Use of language

The Greek Sign Language is not international. Each country develops its own sign language with fundamentally different meanings and a different alphabet. There are both common features and differences at a morphological level. Nevertheless, the Deaf of different states can communicate comfortably through the International Sign, which is essentially a code that serves the simple daily communication needs. As is the case with the spoken languages, dialects exist in each country.
Although there is no official data, users of the Greek Sign Language in Greece are estimated at 40,600, with a rapid upward trend due to interest in learning the language by hearing people. The increase in its distribution is due to its official policy, as well as the broadcasting of news and meetings of the Greek Parliament by Greek television by interpretators.
The educational material that exists in the Greek Sign Language is limited. Since 2010 there has been a steady increase in the production of accessible educational material in electronic and printed form for deaf students.
# Pellaea calomelanos

Pellaea calomelanos is a species of fern. It is found in eastern and southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe) where it is associated with Afromontane vegetation, as well as on Madagascar, The Comoros, and the Mascarene Islands. Disjunct populations are found in northern India, Spain (La Cellera de Ter and Sant Llorenç de la Muga, Catalonia), and the Azores.
The Kwena and Kgatla peoples use milk decoctions of the rhizome to calm frightened children at night.
# Paul Chesterton

Paul Chesterton is an English actor based in Surrey.

## Personal life

Chesterton was born in Harrow Wealdstone and grew up in South Africa (for nine years) and America (for four years).

## Career

Before starting his professional career, Chesterton trained at the Guildford School of Acting (GSA). He holds a BSC(Hons) in Economics from City University London.

### Theatre

Chesterton's work in theatre includes: Present Laughter, The Alchemist and The Hour We Knew Nothing of Each Other at the National Theatre, London; Dracula at Birmingham Rep and The Valkyrie for ENO.

### Film

In film, he appeared in Blenheim Palace – The Untold Story, One Night Fall and The Three Nails.
# Peter S. Onuf

Peter S. Onuf (born 1946) is an American historian and professor known for his work on U.S. President Thomas Jefferson and Federalism. In 1989, he was named the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation Professor of the University of Virginia, a chair he held until retiring in 2012. The chair's previous occupants included Jefferson biographers Dumas Malone and Merrill D. Peterson; he was succeeded by Alan Taylor.

## Life

A native New Englander, Onuf graduated from Johns Hopkins University, where he worked with eminent early American historian Jack P. Greene. He taught at Columbia University, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and Southern Methodist University. In 2008, he held the Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professor of American History chair at the University of Oxford.
Onuf also acted as a cohost for the radio show BackStory with the American History Guys. In 2014, he taught a free online University of Virginia course on Thomas Jefferson.

## Publications

* (with Annette Gordon-Reed) "Most Blessed of the Patriarchs": Thomas Jefferson and the Empire of the Imagination, Liveright, 2016. ISBN 9780871404428
* The Mind of Thomas Jefferson. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007. ISBN 9780813926117
* (with Nicholas G. Onuf). Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006. ISBN 9780813925028
* ed. (with James Horn and Jan Ellen Lewis). The Revolution of 1800: Democracy, Race, and the New Republic. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2002. ISBN 9780813921419
* Jefferson's Empire: The Language of American Nationhood. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001. ISBN 9780813920900
* (with Leonard Sadosky) Jeffersonian America. Oxford: Basil Blackwell's, 2001. ISBN 9781557869234
* ed. (with Jan Ellen Lewis). Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture. University Press of Virginia, 1999. ISBN 9780813919485
* (with Edward L. Ayers, Patricia N. Limerick, and Stephen Nissenbaum). All Over the Map: Rethinking Region and Nation in the United States. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
* ed. Jeffersonian Legacies. University Press of Virginia, 1993. ISBN 9780813914633
* (with Nicholas G. Onuf), Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolution, 1776–1814. Madison House, 1993.
* Patriots, redcoats, and loyalists New York : Garland, 1991. ISBN 9780815304371
* (with Cathy D. Matson), A Union of Interests: Politics and Economics in Revolutionary America, University Press of Kansas. 1990.
* (with Andrew R. L. Cayton), The Midwest and the Nation. Indiana University Press, 1990.
* Statehood and Union: A History of the Northwest Ordinance. Indiana University Press, 1987.
* Origins of the Federal Republic: Jurisdictional Controversies in the United States, 1775–1787. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983.
# Ebenezer Chapel (Marmet, West Virginia)

Ebenezer Chapel (also known as Marmet Christian Church) is a historic chapel on Ohio Avenue, south at Hillview Drive in Marmet, West Virginia.

## Origins

The chapel was built in 1836 by slaves owned by Marmet's first settler, Leonard Morris. Mr. Morris originally named the area Elizaville. By 1848, the building was owned by Luke Wilcox, a local farmer and manager of a local salt works. The chapel was for many years part of a circuit traveled by preachers of the United Methodist Episcopal Church.

## Civil War

During the American Civil War (1861-1865) the chapel served as a military headquarters and as a hospital for Union soldiers. Camp Piatt (present day Belle, WV) sits immediately across the river where today DuPont sits.
Jacob Conrad Edelmann was a German immigrant who worked on the river in Brownstown (present day Marmet). While under Confederate occupation in the Fall of 1862, Mr. Edelmann made extra money grinding grain for the Confederates. In 1863, Jacob Conrad Edelmann was arrested by Union soldiers and locked inside the chapel for 3 days. He begged for foreign protection, as he was not a United States citizen, and was released on these grounds. After the war, he went on to become a US citizen.

## Saved from Demolition

Ebenezer Chapel was saved from destruction by a committee led by local historian and teacher, Russell Hansford. The West Virginia Turnpike was being constructed at the time and the state wanted to demolish the church. Russell Hansford added the chapel to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, thus preserving it for generations to come.

## Today

Ebenezer Chapel is the oldest structure in Marmet (and the Kanawha Valley.) It is the only remaining link between today's generation and the first settlers of the area. It is currently the home of the Elizaville Historical Society and hosts an annual Civil War weekend.
# Ashcraft v. Tennessee (1944)

Ashcraft v. Tennessee, 322 U.S. 143 (1944), is a United States Supreme Court case.
The defendant in the case, E.E. Ashcraft, was charged with hiring John Ware to murder Ashcraft's wife, Zelma Ida Ashcraft. Ashcraft and Ware confessed to the crimes and were sentenced to 99 years in the state penitentiary. Ware and Ashcraft appealed, claiming that their confessions were extorted from them. Ware, a black man, claimed that he confessed because he feared mob violence. Ashcraft – who had been questioned for more than 36 hours, with only one 5-minute break – claimed he was threatened and abused.
The Supreme Court of Tennessee affirmed both men's convictions. However, neither they nor the original Trial Court ruled that the confessions were voluntarily made. On this question, they deferred to the jury, which had decided that the confessions were voluntary. After making an "independent examination", the United States Supreme Court reversed both convictions.
The Supreme Court said that this is unacceptable behavior and contrasted this behavior with the way other countries act towards its suspected criminals stating, "Certain foreign nations... convict individuals with testimony obtained by police organizations possessed of an unrestrained power to seize persons suspected of crimes against the state, hold them in secret custody, and wring from them confessions by physical or mental torture." The Court went on to say, "So long as the Constitution remains the basic law of our Republic, America will not have that kind of government."
Justices Jackson, Roberts and Frankfurter dissented because they felt the Supreme Court did not grant sufficient deference to the State Courts' rulings.
This case is important, in part, because of the Court's decision not to grant deference to the jury's determination that the defendants' confessions were voluntary.