OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# C. V. Shanmugam

C. Ve. Shanmugam is an Indian politician and currently he is a Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) from Tamil Nadu. He is a four time MLA and senior Minister from AIADMK party in Tamilnadu. He was a former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Villupuram constituency. As a cadre of Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, he was previously elected to the Tindivanam constituency in 2001 and 2006 elections. He also served as the state's Minister of Education, Law and Commercial Taxes from 2003 to 2006 and from 2011 to 2013 under the leadership of the Chief Minister Jayalalitha. His father was a previous member of the parliament for the Vandhavasi constituency. English: This photo represents Thiru C.Ve.Shanmugam MP
He served as the party district secretary for 10 years. He won the 2016 elections in Villupuram constituency again and was appointed Minister of Law and Prisons. In 2017 he was again made a district secretary of AIADMK for Villupuram district.
He contested again in Viluppuram constituency but he was defeated by 14,868 votes by R. Lakshmanan. He was arrested on 7 April 2022 for protesting against the cancellation of many subsidy schemes in Tamil Nadu. He also insisted that upper house of the Parliament change the name of the Madras high court to Tamilnadu High court in the winter session of the Rajya Sabha held on 7 December 2023.

## Elections contested

Elections Contested and Results :
| Year | Constituency | Result |
| 2001 | Tindivanam | Won |
| 2006 | Tindivanam | Won |
| 2011 | Villupuram | Won |
| 2016 | Villupuram | Won |
| 2021 | Villupuram | Lost |
# Pasawioops

Pasawioops is an extinct genus of early Permian dissorophoid temnospondyl within the clade Amphibamiformes.

## History of study

Pasawioops was first described from the early Permian fissure fills near Richards Spur in Comanche County, Oklahoma. It is known from three skulls from this locality. The holotype is a complete skull (reposited at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History [OMNH]), while the referred specimens are larger but more incomplete partial skulls (one at the OMNH and the other at the Field Museum). The taxon is also known from one specimen from the early Permian of Texas (reposited at the Museum of Comparative Zoology), being previously misidentified as a specimen of Tersomius texensis.

## Anatomy

Pasawioops has a relatively long and slender skull for an amphibamiform, with the posterior skull table not abbreviated as in more derived taxa. A tooth-bearing crest is found along the cultriform process, and the pterygoid bears two ridges of teeth. The teeth of Pasawioops are monocuspid and recurved. Unlike some derived amphibamiforms such as Gerobatrachus, the teeth are not pedicellate, or narrow at the base.

## Relationships

Pasawioops has long been recognized to be closely related to Micropholis from South Africa and Tersomius from North America. This clade was formalized by Schoch (2018) as the family Micropholidae.
# Shaukat Dukanwala

Shaukat Fakirbhai Dukanwala (born 21 January 1957) is an Indian-born cricketer who played for the United Arab Emirates national cricket team. He played five One Day Internationals for United Arab Emirates and was a member of 1996 Cricket World Cup team.
# Al-Kawm

Al-Kawm, Syria may refer to:
* El Kowm (archaeological site)
* Al-Kawm, Homs
* Al-Kawm, Quneitra
# 1986 Arab Club Champions Cup

The 1986 Arab Club Champions Cup was played in the African half of the Arab world for the first time, in Tunis, Tunisia. Al-Rasheed won the championship for the 2nd time, defending their championship and becoming the first side to win the title outside of their homeland in the process.

## Participants

Participants :
| Zone | Team | Qualifying method |
| | Al-Rasheed | Holders |
| Zone 1 | Al-Arabi | 1984-85 Kuwaiti Premier League winners |
| Zone 2 | Al-Hilal | 1984-85 Saudi Arabia League winners |
| Zone 2 | Wagad Club | 1985 Somalia League winners |
| Zone 2 | Al-Ahli Taizz | Invitee (no Yemeni Championship) |
| Zone 3 | MA Hussein Dey | 1984–85 Algerian Championship 4th place |
| Zone 3 | MAS Fez | 1984-85 Moroccan Championship winners |
| Zone 3 | ES Tunis | 1984-85 Tunisian Championship winners |
| Zone 4 | Al-Faisaly | 1984-85 Jordan League winners |
| Zone 4 | Safa | Invitee (no Lebanese Championship) |
| Zone 4 | Hilal Al-Quds | Invitee |
| Zone 4 | Al-Jaish | 1984-85 Syrian League winners |

## Preliminary round
### Zone 1 (Gulf Area)

Al-Arabi qualified to the final tournament.

### Zone 2 (Red Sea)

Matches held in Riyadh
Al-Hilal qualified to the final tournament.

### Zone 3 (North Africa)

Matches held in Tunis
ES Tunis qualified to the final tournament.

### Zone 4 (East Region)

Matches held in Homs
Al-Jaish qualified to the final tournament.

## Final tournament

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Al-Rasheed | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | +5 | 8 |
| ES Tunis | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 5 |
| Al-Hilal | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Al-Arabi | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 3 |
| Al-Jaish | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 8 | −5 | 0 |

## Winner

* 1986 Arab Club Champions Cup winners
* Al-Rasheed 2nd title
# Bitto (TV series)

Bitto is a Hindi language Indian television drama series which premiered on 17 May 2010 on Sahara One. The series is produced by Abhimanyu Singh of Contiloe Entertainment and the story focuses on the prevalent caste-based discrimination in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Plot

This story revolves around an innocent girl with a life full of hardships. It discovers Bitto's journey of life.

## Cast

* Pallavi Gupta / Hritu Dudani as Bitto Tejpratap Singh: Tejpeatap's widow
* Ajay Kumar Nain as Tejpratap Singh: Bitto's husband (Dead)
* Vandana Lalwani as Rajjo
* Mandar Jadhav as Jay
* Vaquar Shaikh as Thakur Pratap Singh
* Pallavi Rao as Sugandha
* Kamalika Guha Thakurta
* Vineet Kumar Singh as Rohan
* Prithvi Zutshi
# S25 (ZVV)

The S25 is a regional railway line of the S-Bahn Zürich on the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), Zürich transportation network, and is one of the network's lines connecting the cantons of Zürich with Schwyz, Glarus and St. Gallen. The line was introduced in July 2014, and replaces the less frequent Glarner Sprinter train.
At Zürich HB, trains of the S25 service usually depart from ground-level tracks (Gleis) 3–18.

## History

Between 1918 and 2004, there was no direct connection from the canton of Glarus to the city of Zürich. In 2004, the through Glarner Sprinter train was introduced, but financial and technical limitations meant this train only ran every two hours on weekdays, and twice a day on weekends and holidays. It also only reached Linthal, the terminus of the line in Glarus, on weekends and holidays. In July 2014, these limitations were finally overcome, and the Glarner Sprinter was replaced by the hourly S25 service to Linthal.

## Route

* S25 Zürich HB–Pfäffikon SZ–Ziegelbrücke–Glarus–Linthal Operates non stop between Zürich HB and Wädenswil.
The line links Zürich Hauptbahnhof with the canton of Glarus, terminating at the village of Linthal and the head of the valley of the Linth river. From the Hauptbahnhof, the line uses the Lake Zürich left-bank railway line to Ziegelbrücke, stopping only at a few selected stations. It then takes the Weesen-Linthal railway line to Linthal, stopping at all stations (except Nieder- und Oberurnen) including those for Glarus Town and Schwanden.
On its route, the line stops at the following stations:
* Zürich Hauptbahnhof
* Wädenswil
* Pfäffikon SZ
* Lachen
* Siebnen-Wangen
* Ziegelbrücke
* Näfels-Mollis
* Netstal
* Glarus
* Ennenda
* Mitlödi
* Schwanden
* Nidfurn-Haslen
* Leuggelbach
* Luchsingen-Hätzingen
* Diesbach-Betschwanden
* Rüti GL
* Linthal Braunwaldbahn
* Linthal

## Scheduling

Trains run hourly, covering the distance from Zürich Hauptbahnhof to Ziegelbrücke in 43 minutes, to Glarus in 60 minutes, and to Linthal in 94 minutes. Despite being classified as an S-Bahn train, the S25 actually covers the distance between Zürich Hauptbahnhof and Ziegelbrücke in a shorter time than the parallel InterRegio service to Chur. This mirrors the performance of its predecessor, the Glarner Sprinter named train, which was itself classified as a RegioExpress service.
For its journey along the Lake Zürich left-bank line, the S25 is paralleled by other Zürich S-Bahn lines that provide more frequent, but slower, service. Principally amongst these, the S2 runs every 30 minutes as far as Ziegelbrücke, whilst the S8 runs every 30 minutes as far as Pfäffikon SZ. Between Ziegelbrücke and Schwanden, the S25 is paralleled by the hourly St. Gallen S-Bahn service S6, thus providing a half-hourly service.
# Eastleach

Eastleach is a civil parish in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It was created in 1935 when the separate parishes of Eastleach Turville and Eastleach Martin were combined as the civil parish of Eastleach. The two villages of the parish—Eastleach Turville and Eastleach Martin—are separated only by the narrow River Leach, which is spanned by the stone road bridge and a stone slab clapper footbridge. Together the villages of Eastleach have over 60 listed houses and farm structures.

## Eastleach Martin

On the east bank of the Leach is Eastleach Martin, the smaller of the two villages. Today, the two principal structures are the church of St. Michael & St Martin, and Eastleach House, with a formal garden and extensive grounds open to the public. Eastleach Martin was also known as Bouthrop or Burthrop.

### St. Michael & St. Martin

A Grade I listed structure, St. Michael & St. Martin is of early Norman in origin. Founded by Richard Fitz Pons, it was given to Great Malvern Priory in 1120, later passing to Gloucester Abbey. The present church is mostly 13th century; there are a Perpendicular font and some decorated Gothic windows terminating in tiny carved heads, but the interior is relatively plain. No longer used for worship, the church is maintained by the Churches Conservation Trust.

## Eastleach Turville

Eastleach Turville is the larger of the two villages today. The village hall, the parish church of St. Andrew, and the Victoria Inn all lie within Eastleach Turville.

### St. Andrew

Also a Grade I listed structure, St. Andrew sits directly across the Leach from St. Michael & St. Martin. Decoratively the more interesting of the two churches, St. Andrew's most prominent feature is the Christ in Majesty tympanum over the west door of the church. The interior of the church is also striking because of the spacious and beautiful Early English Period chancel. The lectern is said to have come from Tewkesbury Abbey. The 13th- or 14th-century tower of the mostly-Norman church has a simple gable roof known as a saddleback. St. Andrew remains a functioning parish church.

## Notable people

John Keble was curate of St. Michael & St. Martin, Eastleach Martin, in the early 19th century, where he founded a Sunday School; the clapper footbridge over the Leach is named after him. The priest and antiquary Peter Bailey Williams also served in Eastleach Martin, early in the 18th century.
The journalist, diplomat and intelligence agent, Jona von Ustinov, father of the actor Sir Peter Ustinov, died in Eastleach in 1962. His wife, the artist Nadia Benois also lived in the village. Some of her paintings depict local scenes.
# K. Krishna Mohan

K. Krishna Mohan (born 21 August 1984) is an Indian track and field athlete who became the first Indian to break the 14 second barrier in 110 metre hurdles. He held the national record of 13.96 seconds for 110 meter hurdles, which was set at the 48th National Open Athletic Championship held in Kochi on 10 September 2008.
# Progress in Human Geography

Progress in Human Geography is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of human geography, primarily publishing critical reviews of current research. The journal's editor-in-chief is Noel Castree. It was established in 1977 at Edward Arnold and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

Progress in Human Geography is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2014 impact factor is 5.010, ranking it 2 out of 73 journals in the category "Geography".
# Haiku (disambiguation)

Haiku is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan.
Haiku may also refer to:

## Music

* Haiku (Don Ellis album), 1973
* Haiku (Joey Calderazzo album), 2002
* Haiku, a 1995 jazz album by Lee Konitz
* "Haiku", a song by Tally Hall from the 2005 album Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum

## Places

* Haiku, Hawaii
* Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii
* Haiku Valley, a valley in the Koʻolau Range in the Hawaiian Islands
* 12477 Haiku, a main-belt asteroid

## Other uses

* Haiku in English, the English-language derivative of the Japanese poetic form
* Haiku (operating system), an open-source re-creation of BeOS
* Haiku (2015 film), a Tamil film
* haikU, a digital poetry project
# Journal of Sociolinguistics

The Journal of Sociolinguistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers topics in sociolinguistics. Its scope encompasses a wide range of languages treated from a multidisciplinary point of view. It was established in 1997 and appears four times a year. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the current editors in chief are Lauren Hall-Lew (the University of Edinburgh), Jaspal Naveel Singh (the Open University), and Andrew Wong (California State University, East Bay).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is indexed in the following services:
* Academic Search and Academic Search Premier
* Communication & Mass Media Index
* CSA Biological Sciences Database
* CSA Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management Database
* Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences
* Ecology Abstracts
* Educational Research Abstracts Online
* FRANCIS
* IBR & IBZ: International Bibliographies of Periodical Literature
* Journal Citation Reports, Social Science Edition
* Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts
* PsycINFO
* Social Sciences Citation Index
* Social Services Abstracts
* SocINDEX
* Sociological Abstracts
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.200.
# Lefty Lorenzen

Adolph Andreas "Lefty" Lorenzen (January 12, 1893 – March 5, 1963) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played in one game for the Detroit Tigers on September 12, 1913. He pitched in two innings, and allowed four hits and four runs.
# List of Danish Nobel laureates

This is a list of Danish Nobel laureates. Since the Nobel Prize was established per the will of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel in 1895, 14 of the prize winners have been from Denmark. The first Danish Nobel laureate was Niels Ryberg Finsen, who won a Nobel Prize for medicine in 1903 for his work on using light therapy to treat diseases. The most recent Danish Nobel Prize winner was Morten Meldal who won the prize in chemistry in 2022 for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry. To date, of the 14 Nobel Prizes won by Danish people, five have been for medicine, three have been for physics, three have been for literature, two have been for chemistry, and one has been for peace.

## Laureates

| # | Year | Winner | Field |
| 1 | 1903 | Niels Ryberg Finsen | Medicine |
| 2 | 1908 | Fredrik Bajer | Peace |
| 3 & 4 | 1917 | Karl Adolph Gjellerup and Henrik Pontoppidan | Literature |
| 5 | 1920 | August Krogh | Medicine |
| 6 | 1922 | Niels Bohr | Physics |
| 7 | 1926 | Johannes Fibiger | Medicine |
| 8 | 1943 | Henrik Dam | Medicine |
| 9 | 1944 | Johannes V. Jensen | Literature |
| 10 & 11 | 1975 | Aage Bohr and Ben Roy Mottelson | Physics |
| 12 | 1984 | Niels Kaj Jerne | Medicine |
| 13 | 1997 | Jens Christian Skou | Chemistry |
| 14 | 2022 | Morten P. Meldal | Chemistry |
# Arend Jan Boekestijn

Arend Johannes "Arend Jan" Boekestijn (born 27 September 1959 in Amstelveen) is a Dutch politician, who was a member of the Dutch House of Representatives from 30 November 2006 through 18 November 2009. He resigned after sharing information with the press regarding a confidential conversation with the Queen of the Netherlands.
# Alphonse A. Kolb

Alphonse Anton Kolb (1893–1983) was a German-American artist known for creating sculptures and other art works ranging in size from medals to statues. For many years he worked for Bastian Brothers of Rochester, New York, and was the semi-official sculptor of the Rochester Numismatic Association.

## Biography

Born near Heidelberg, Germany on December 5, 1893. Kolb studied art and sculpture in Munich, Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1913. He became a US citizen in 1918. He was a sculptor, designer, and engraver and worked for Bastian Brothers Company striking metal dies for medals, plaques, and buttons for nearly 50 years. Kolb worked in clay, bronze, steel, wood, silver, and gold, and his works ranged in size from dime-size coins to plaques several feet high. His many works include designing and sculpting the medal for Rochester's centennial in 1934, the medal commemorating the 1,000th meeting of the Rochester Numismatic Association, the medal marking the association's 50th anniversary in 1962, the Bausch & Lomb 75th anniversary, and many others. He was also responsible for a 1928 tablet on the Broad Street side of City Hall honoring pioneers who came to this area on packet boats. Kolb is credited with a 1932 plaque on the west side of Wilson Boulevard at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, bearing the words of The Genesee, the song honoring the Genesee River, written by Thomas Thackeray Swinburne, a UR graduate. In 1938, Kolb designed and sculpted the Civic Medal which is awarded annually by the Rochester Museum and Science Center for community service. In 1955, Kolb was himself the recipient of this award.
At the age of 65, he decided to retire. He and his second wife, Kathryn, traveled for a time, but after her death in 1968, he decided to return to work. "I can’t be without my work," Kolb said. "It’s the best thing for me." Kolb was also a coin and medal collector and had a rose garden at his home. He was a lifetime member American Numismatic Association, the Rochester Numismatic Association, and the Albany Numismatic Society. As a member of the Rochester Numismatic Association, Kolb designed and struck dies for the medal awarded to the outgoing president of the organization bearing that person's likeness. Kolb held this responsibility from 1920 to 1976, and was himself president of the organization in 1931.
Alphonse Kolb was married to Elfrieda L. Reichelt Kolb until her death in 1945. He later remarried, this time to Kathryn M. Yohann Kolb. Alphonse Kolb did not have any children by either of his marriages, though he was survived by nieces and nephews in Germany. Kolb suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died on March 30, 1983, at the age of 89.
# Notting Hill (disambiguation)

Notting Hill is a district in London.
Notting Hill may also refer to:
* Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
* Notting Hill Gate, a street in London
** Notting Hill Gate tube station, a railway station of the London Underground
* Notting Hill (film), a 1999 romantic comedy film
** Notting Hill (soundtrack)
* Notting Gate, also known as Notting Hill, a neighborhood in Ontario, Canada
* Notting Hill Academy of Music, London
* Notting Hill Carnival, an annual festival in Notting Hill, London
* Notting Hill Press, a defunct British book publisher
# Michel Buskila

Michel Buskila (Hebrew: מישל בוסקילה; born 20 April 1966) is an Israeli politician currently serving as a member of the Knesset for the New Hope party since 2024, a role he previously held in 2022. He also served as a deputy mayor of Ashkelon.

## Biography

Buskila was born in Ashkelon to David and Miriam. He worked as a barber, and established several companies responsible for the management of properties, hotels, and commercial activities.
Buskila, the former leader of the Likud in Ashkelon, served as a member of its city council from May 2009, when he replaced resigning member Haim Cohen, and 2022. Buskila also served as a deputy Mayor, and briefly ran for Mayor of Ashkelon in 2018, but withdrew from the race and endorsed incumbent Itamar Shimoni. In 2014, Buskila was elected to the Likud's secretariat.
Ahead of the 2015 legislative election, Buskila ran in Likud primaries for the 22nd spot, reserved for residents of the Negev region, but was defeated by Miki Zohar. Ahead of the 2020 election, Buskila supported Gideon Saar's run for the leadership of the Likud. Sa'ar was defeated by Netanyahu.
In 2021, Buskila joined the newly-formed New Hope party led by Sa'ar, and was placed on the twelfth spot on its list ahead of the 2021 Israeli legislative election. The party won six seats. following the resignation of three of the party's legislators as part of the Norwegian Law, Michal Shir's resignation from the Knesset to join Yesh Atid, and the retirement of two other members of the New Hope list, Buskila became a Member of the Knesset in August 2022. Ahead of the 2022 election, Buskila was placed on the thirteenth spot on the National Unity Party's list. He was not elected as the party won just twelve seats. Buskila re-entered the Knesset on 5 July 2024 following the resignation of Yifat Shasha-Biton.

## Personal life

Buskila is married to Tal and has a daughter called Liam.
# Greta Valentine

Greta Mary Valentine née Sequeira (1907–1998). She became a muse to the painter Lamorna Birch and an obsession of Aleister Crowley. She married Birch's patron, Ranald Valentine, who was a printer in Dundee.

## Life

She was born in 1907 and at some point she was adopted by Nellie (born Adams) and James Henry Sequeira. Her adopted father was a dermatologist. She was educated well in the UK and in Europe. She went on to study Anthroposophy which was a spiritualist movement created by Rudolf Steiner.
In 1936 she met Aleister Crowley who had an unusual reputation as an occult magician.
Valentine met Lamorna Birch when she was 28 and she was on holiday with her parents in Cornwall. Lamorna Birch lived in Lamorna. He had taken the unusual name to differentiate himself from another artist named Birch. Lamorna was married but he was intrigued by Greta. He would write her poetry and create paintings for her. Symbolism within the paintings expressed his love for her. While she was in Cornwall she was visited by Aleister Crowley who was trying to woo her.
Valentine introduced Crowley to her artist friend Lady Frieda Harris and as a result it was decided to create a new Tarot pack. Crowley suggested that they update an existing pack by modifying the designs but Lady Frieda Harris suggested that there should be 74 new paintings. The clincher was that she offered to pay the destitute Crowley two pounds a week until the project was completed.
Lamorna introduced her to the printer Ranald Valentine who she would marry. Ranald died in 1956. She died in 1998.