# Textual variants in the Book of Genesis

Textual variants in the Book of Genesis concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Genesis.

## Legend

Frequently used sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew Bible manuscripts and editions include:
    א: Codex Sinaiticus
    A: Codex Alexandrinus
    B: Codex Vaticanus (Roman Septuagint)
    C: Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
    ABP: Apostolic Bible Polyglot
    AC: Aleppo Codex
    BHS: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
    Brenton: Brenton's Septuagint Translation 1879
    LC: Leningrad Codex
    LXX: Septuagint (list)
    LXX$^{Rahlfs}$: Rahlfs' Septuagint 1935
    LXX$^{Swete}$: Swete's Septuagint 1930
    K: ketiv
    Kennicott$^x$: Kennicott's Vetus Test. Hebraicum
    MAM: Miqra according to the Masorah
    m.: Mishna
    MT or 𝕸: Masoretic Text
    MT$^{Ginsburg}$: C.D. Ginsburg's Masoretic Text
    OL or : Old Latin / Vetus Latina (list)
    Q: qere
    xQx: Dead Sea Scrolls (list)
    S: Peshitta
    SP: Samaritan Pentateuch
    Tg: Targum
    Tg$^{Be}$: Targum Berlin Orientalis 1213
    Tg$^J$: Targum Jonathan
    Tg$^O$: Targum Onqelos
    Tg$^N$: Targum Neofiti
    Tg$^{PJ}$: Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
    Vg: Vulgate (list)
    Vg$^{Clement}$: Clementine Vulgate 1592
    Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$: A. Colunga & L. Turrado's Vulgata 1946
    Vg$^{neo}$: Nova Vulgata 1979
    WLC: Westminster Leningrad Codex

## List

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

### Genesis 1

Genesis 1:1, see also In the beginning (phrase)
    בראשית‎, bə-rê-šîṯ, 'In [the] beginning' – MT 4QGen$^b$ (4QGen$^g$) SP
    ברשית֯‎, bršîṯ – 4QGen$^h$
    ἐν ἀρχῇ, 'In [the] beginning' – LXX LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    In principio, 'In [the] beginning' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 1:1, see also Elohim and Names of God in Judaism § Elohim
    אֱלֹהִ֑ים‎, 'ĕ-lō-hîm ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGen$^b$) 4QGen$^g$ SP. Grammatically speaking, the word elohim is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as Elohim, meaning "God".
    ο θεός, 'the god' – ABP
    Deus, 'God' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 1:1, see also Heaven in Judaism
    הַשָּׁמַיִם‎, haš-šā-ma-yim, 'the heavens' – MT 4QGen$^g$ SP
    τὸν οὐρανὸν, 'the heaven' – LXX ABP
    caelum, '(the) heaven' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 1:2, see also Tohu wa-bohu
    וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ‎, wə·hā·'ā·reṣ hā·yə·ṯāh ṯō·hū wā·ḇō·hū, 'and the earth was formless and void,' – MT (4QGen$^b$) SP
    ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος, 'but the earth was unseeable and unfashioned' – LXX ABP
    Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, 'But the earth was lifeless and empty' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 1:7
    ויבדל‎, way·yaḇ·dêl, 'and [he] divided' – MT (4QGen$^b$) 4QGen$^g$ SP Damascus Pent. Codex
    καὶ διεχώρισεν ὁ θεὸς, 'and the god parted' – LXX ABP
    divisitque, 'and [he] divided' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 1:7
    וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן‎, way·hî-ḵên., 'and it was so.' – MT 4QGen$^b$ 4QGen$^g$ SP Damascus Pent. Codex
    Et factum est ita., 'And so it was done.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
    omitted – LXX ABP
Genesis 1:9
    מָקֹ֣ום‎, mā·qō·wm, 'place' – MT 4QGen$^b$ Damascus Pent. Codex SP. The Yiddish word Mokum ("city") is derived from Makom.
    מקוה‎, mikvé, 'ritual bath' – 4QGen.$^h$ A mikveh is a ritual bath in modern Judaism.
    συναγωγην, 'gathering' – LXX ABP. The English word "synagogue" is derived from συναγωγή.
    locum, 'place' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$ The English word "location" is derived from locus.
Genesis 1:9
    και συνηχθη το νδωρ το υποκατω του ουρανου εις τας συναγωγας αυτών και ωφθη η ζηρα, 'And the water underneath the heaven gathered together into their gatherings, and the dry [land] appeared.' – LXX ABP. Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.
    omitted – 4QGen$^{bg}$ MT SP Damascus Pent. Codex Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$

### Genesis 2

Genesis 2:4, see also toledot
    אֵ֣לֶּה תֹולְדֹ֧ות‎, 'êl-leh ṯō-wl-ḏō-wṯ, 'These [are] the generations' – MT
    תולדת‎, '[This is] the outcome' – SP Kennicott$^{618758089108155227244282}$
    Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως, 'This is the book of the origin' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP
    Istae sunt generationes, 'Those are (the) generations' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:4
    עֲשֹׂ֛ות יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, 'ă-śō-wṯ Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, '[that] Yahweh the god made' – MT SP
    εποίησε ο θεός, '[that] the god made' – LXX ABP
    ἐποίησεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς, '[that] Lord the god made' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    quo fecit Dominus Deus, 'which (the) Lord God made' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:4
    אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם‎, 'e-reṣ wə-šā-mā-yim., '[the] earth and [the] heavens' – MT
    שמימ וארץ‎, '[the] heavens and [the] earth' – SP
    τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν, 'the heaven and the earth' – LXX LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP
    caelum et terram, '(the) heaven and (the) earth' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:5
    יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP
    ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX LXX$^{Swete}$
    κύριος ο θεός, 'lord the god' – ABP
    Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:7, see also Soul in the Bible § Genesis 2:7
    וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־ הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה‎, way-yî-ṣer Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm 'eṯ-hā-'ā-ḏām, 'ā-p̄ār min-hā-'ă-ḏā-māh,, 'And [the] god Yahweh formed [a/the] man [from] the dust of the ground/earth' – MT SP.
       There is a word play between אָדָם‎, ā-ḏām ("man", "human", later usually simply translated as the personal name "Adam") and אֲדָמָה‎, 'ă-ḏā-māh, 'ground, earth'.
    καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς·, 'And the god shaped the dust man from the earth' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, 'And the god shaped the man taking dust from the earth' – ABP
    Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae, 'Therefore, (the) Lord God formed the human/man with the earth's mud/clay' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:8
    יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP
    ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – ABP
    κύριος ο θεός, 'lord the god' – LXX
    Κύριος ὁ θεὸς, 'Lord the god' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:8, see also Garden of Eden
    גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם‎, gan- bə-'ê-ḏen miq-qe-ḏem;, 'a garden in Eden in the east'
    παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς, 'paradise in Edem according to the east' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεν κατὰ ἀνατολάς, 'paradise in Eden according to the east' – ABP
    paradisum voluptatis a principio, 'paradise of pleasure from the beginning' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:9
    יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים‎, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP
    ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP
    Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:9
    omitted – MT
    את‎, et, 'with' – SP
Genesis 2:13
    אֶ֥רֶץ כּֽוּשׁ׃‎, 'e·reṣ kūš., '[the] land of Cush. or [the] black land.' – MT
    τὴν γῆν Αἰθιοπίας., 'the land of Ethiopia.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ ABP
    terram AEthiopiae., 'the land of Ethiopia.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       See also Cush (Bible), Rivers of Paradise, and Gihon.
Genesis 2:16, see also Adam
    עַל־הָֽאָדָ֖ם‎, 'al-hā-'ā-ḏām, '(to) the man' – WLC
    τῷ Ἀδὰμ, 'to Adam' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    ei, 'to him' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 2:18
Genesis 2:17, see also tree of the knowledge of good and evil
    אֲכָלְךָ֥‎, 'ă-ḵā-lə-ḵā, 'that you eat [qal infinitive singular]' – WLC
    φάγησθε, '[you] should eat [active plural]' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    φάγητε, '[you] should eat [middle plural]' – ABP
    comederis, '[you] shall/should eat [future active indicative/subjunctive singular)' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:18, see also Adam
    הָֽאָדָ֖ם‎, hā-'ā-ḏām, 'the man' – WLC
    τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'the man' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    hominem, '[the] man' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 2:16
Genesis 2:18, see also Eve
    אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־‎, 'e-'ĕ-śeh-, 'I will make' – WLC
    ποιήσωμεν, 'let [us] make' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    faciamus, 'let [us] make' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:23, see also Eve
    לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה‎, lə-zōṯ yiq-qā-rê 'iš-šāh, 'this [one] shall be called woman' – WLC
    αὕτη κληθήσεται γυνή, 'she shall be called woman' – LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    αὕτη κληθήσεται Γυνή, 'she shall be called Woman' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    haec vocabitur Virago, 'she will be called [a warlike] Woman' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:23, see also Eve
    αὐτῆς ἐλήμφθη αὕτη, 'she was taken her' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ (Koine Greek spelling)
    αυτής ελήφθη, 'she was taken' – ABP (classical Greek spelling)
Genesis 2:24, see also Eve
    אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶת־אִמֹּ֑ו‎, 'eṯ-'ā-ḇîw wə-'eṯ- 'im-mōw, 'his father and mother' – WLC
    τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, 'his father and his mother' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
    τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα, 'his father and mother' – ABP
    patrem suum, et matrem,, 'his father, and mother,' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 2:25
    scilicet, 'of course' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
    omitted – WLC LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP

### Genesis 3

Genesis 3:20, see also Eve
    וַיִּקְרָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם שֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתֹּ֖ו חַוָּ֑ה‎, way-yiq-rā hā-'ā-ḏām šêm 'iš-tōw ḥaw-wāh, 'And the man called the name of his wife Hawwah' – WLC
    Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς Ζωή, 'And Adam called the name of the woman Zoë' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αυτού Ζωή, 'And Adam called the name of his wife Zoë' – LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Et vocavit Adam nomen uxoris suae, Heva:, 'And Adam called [the] name of his wife, Heva:' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 4:1

### Genesis 4

Genesis 4:1, see also Eve, and Cain and Abel
    וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתֹּ֑ו‎, wə-hā-'ā-ḏām yā-ḏa' 'eṯ- ḥaw-wāh 'iš-tōw, 'And the man knew Hawwah his wife' – WLC
    Ἀδὰμ δὲ ἔγνω Εὕαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, 'And Adam knew Heva his wife' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    Αδαμ δὲ ἔγνω Ευαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, 'And Adam knew Eva his wife' – LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Adam vero cognovit uxorem suam Hevam,, 'Adam truly knew his wife Heva,' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 3:20
Genesis 4:1
    יְהוָֽה׃‎, Yah-weh., 'Yahweh.' – WLC
    τοῦ θεοῦ., 'the god.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Deum., '(the) God.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:9
    יְהוָֽ׃‎, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC
    ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
    κύριος ὁ θεὸς, 'the lord god' – ABP
    Dominus, '(the) Lord' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:10
    ὁ θεὸς, 'the god' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
    κύριος, '(the) lord' – ABP
    omitted – WLC Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:12, see also Curse and mark of Cain
    נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד‎, nā' wā·nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC
    στένων καὶ τρέμων, 'moaning and trembling' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 4:14
Genesis 4:13, see also Curse and mark of Cain
    וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּדֹ֥ול עֲוֹנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃‎, way-yō-mer qa-yin 'el- Yah-weh; gā-ḏō-wl 'ă-wō-nî min-nə-śō., 'And Cain said to Yahweh: Great is my punishment to bear.' – WLC
    καὶ εἶπεν Κάιν πρὸς τὸν κύριον Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με., 'And Cain said to (the) lord: My fault is (too) great to forgive me.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear., 'And Cain said to (the) Lord: My iniquity is greater than that [I] deserve pardon.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:14, see also Curse and mark of Cain
    נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד‎, nā' wā-nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC
    στένων καὶ τρέμων, 'moaning and trembling' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 4:12
Genesis 4:15
    יְהוָ֗ה‎, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC
    κύριος ὁ θεός, 'the lord god' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Dominus, '(the) Lord' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:15, see also Curse and mark of Cain
    שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם‎, šiḇ-'ā-ṯa-yim yuq-qām, 'sevenfold vengeance shall be taken [on him] or suffer sevenfold vengeance' – WLC
    ἑπτὰ ἐκδικούμενα παραλύσει, 'will be disabled/paralysed seven [times] [by] punishing/avenging' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
       The English verb "to paralyse" derives from the Greek verb παραλύω ("to loosen from the side, relax, enfeeble, weaken, disable, paralyse").
    septuplum punietur, 'shall be punished sevenfold' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:16
    יְהוָ֗ה‎, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC
    τοῦ θεοῦ, 'of the god' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Domini, 'of (the) Lord' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:16, see also Land of Nod
    בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נֹ֖וד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃‎, bə-'e-reṣ- nō-wḏ qiḏ-maṯ- 'ê-ḏen., 'in [the] land (of) Nod east of Eden or [in] front [of] Eden.' – WLC
       H6925 קִדְמָה‎ qidmah can mean both "east" and "over against" or "in front of".
    ἐν γῇ Ναὶδ κατέναντι Ἔδεμ., 'in [the] land (of) Naìd over against Edem.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$
    εν γη Ναϊδ κατέναντι Εδέν, 'in [land] (of) Naïd over against Eden.' – ABP
    in terra ad orientalem plagam Eden., 'in (the) land to the eastern region (of) Eden.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 4:18, see also Enoch (son of Cain), and Generations of Adam
    חֲנֹוךְ֙ עִירָ֔ד מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל לָֽמֶךְ׃‎, ḥă-nō-wḵ...'î-rāḏ...mə-ḥū-yā-'êl...mə-ṯū-šā-'êl...lā-meḵ., 'Hanowk...Irad...Mehuyael...Methushael...Lamek.' – WLC
    Ἑνὼχ Γαιδάδ...Μαιήλ...Μαθουσαλά...Λάμεχ, 'Henoch Gaidad...Maiel...Mathousala...Lamech' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Henoch...Irad...Maviael...Mathusael...Lamech – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 5:6–26
Genesis 4:20
    וּמִקְנֶֽה׃‎, ū-miq-neh., 'and [raise] livestock.' – WLC
    κτηνοτρόφων, 'grazing cattle' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    atque pastorum., 'and of (the) shepherds.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$

### Genesis 5

Genesis 5:1, see also Generations of Adam and Toledot
    זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תֹּולְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם‎, zeh sê-p̄er tō-wl-ḏōṯ 'ā-ḏām, 'This [is] the book of the generations/genealogy (of) man or Adam' – WLC
    Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως ἀνθρώπων., 'This [is] the book of [the] origin/birth of men or humans' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Hic est liber generationis Adam., 'This is [the] book of [the] generation/offspring (of) Adam.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 5:2
    בְּרֹ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אָדָ֔ם‎, bə-rō 'ĕ-lō-hîm 'ā-ḏām, '(the) god(s) created (the) man or Adam' – WLC
    ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Ἀδάμ,, 'the god made Adam,' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    creavit Deus hominem,, 'God made (the) man or human (being)' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 5:6–26, see also Generations of Adam
    אֱנֽוֹשׁ...קֵינָֽן...מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽל...יָֽרֶד...חֲנֽוֹךְ...מְתוּשָֽׁלַח...לָֽמֶךְ‎, 'ĕ-nō-wōš...qê-nān...ma-hă-lal-'êl...yā-reḏ...ḥă-nō-wḵ...mə-ṯū-šā-laḥ...lā-meḵ, 'Enowosh...Qenan...Mahalalel...Yared...Hanowk...Methushalah...Lamek' – WLC
    Ενώς...Καϊναν...Μαλελεήλ...Ιάρεδ...Ενώχ/Ἑνώχ...Μαθουσάλα...Λάμεχ, 'Enós...Kaïnan...Malaleél...Iáred...Enoch/Henoch...Mathousála...Lámech' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Enos...Cainan...Malaleel...Jared...Henoch...Mathusalam...Lamech – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Genesis 4:18

### Genesis 6

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative
    וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם‎, way-yin-nā-ḥem Yah-weh kî- 'ā-śāh 'eṯ- hā-'ā-ḏām, 'and Yahweh regretted that [he] had made (the) man' – WLC
    καὶ ἐνεθυμήθη ὁ θεὸς ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'and the god reflected upon / pondered that [he] made the man' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    poenituit eum quod hominum fecisset, 'he regretted which/because/that/what [he] had made of men/humans' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative
    וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבֹּֽו׃‎, way-yiṯ-'aṣ-ṣêḇ 'el- lib-bōw., 'and [he] was grieved in his heart.' – WLC
    καὶ διενοήθη., 'and [he] considered it.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Et tactus dolore cordis intrinsecus,, 'And touched by [the] inner pain of [the] heart' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 6:7, see also Genesis flood narrative
    וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶמְחֶ֨ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם‎, way-yō-mer Yah-weh 'em-ḥeh 'eṯ- hā-'ā-ḏām, 'and/so Yahweh said: I will destroy (the) man' – WLC
    καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός Ἀπαλείψω τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'And the god said: I will wipe off the man' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Delebo, inquit, hominem,, '[I] will destroy, [he] said, [the] man,' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 6:14, see also Noah's Ark
    עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר‎, 'ă-śêh lə-ḵā tê-ḇaṯ 'ă-ṣê- ḡō-p̄er,, 'Make for yourself [a] box/basket of gopher wood' – WLC
    ποίησον οὖν σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων τετραγώνων·, 'Then make for yourself [a] wooden box out of four-cornered wood!' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis;, 'Make for yourself [a] chest/box of polished wood;' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 גֹ֔פֶר‎ gopher is a hapax legomenon.

### Genesis 9

Genesis 9:20, see also Curse of Ham
    אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה‎, 'îš hā-'ă-ḏā-māh, '[a] man of the land/ground/earth/soil' – WLC
    ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς, '[a] farmer-man of [the] land/earth/soil or [a] tilling/working/fertilising man of [the] land/earth/soil' – LXX$^{Swete}$ LXX$^{Rahlfs}$ ABP
    vir agricola exercere terram, '[a] farmer-man to work at [the] land/earth/soil or [a] man working as [a] farmer on [the] land/earth/soil' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$

### Genesis 15

Genesis 15:17
    וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ‎, wa-'ă-lā-ṭāh hā-yāh; wə-hin-nêh ṯan-nūr 'ā-šān wə-lap-pîḏ 'êš,, 'and it became dark, behold a firepot/oven smoking and a torch burning' – WLC
    φλὸξ ἐγένετο· καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίβανος καπνιζόμενος καὶ λαμπάδες πυρός,, 'a flame came/happened. And behold, an oven smoking and torches/lamps of fire' LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis, 'a dark fog happened, and a smoking furnace appeared, and lamps of fire' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$

### Genesis 34

Genesis 34:2
    חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י‎, ḥă-mō-wr ha-ḥiw-wî, 'Hamor the Hivite' – WLC
    Ἐμμὼρ ὁ Χορραῖος, 'Emmor the Hurrian' – A LXX$^{Swete}$
    Εμμώρ ο Ευαίος, 'Emmor the Evite' – Brenton ABP
    Hemor Hevaei, 'Hemor of the Hevea' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:2, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis
    וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃‎, way-yiq-qaḥ 'ō-ṯāh way-yiš-kaḇ 'ō-ṯāh way-'an-ne-hā., 'and he took her, and he laid her, and he raped her.' – WLC
    καὶ λαβὼν αὐτὴν ἐκοιμήθη μετ᾽ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν., 'and taking her, [he] slept with her, and humiliated/humbled her.' LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem., '[he] fell in love with her: and [he] abducted [her], and slept with her, attacking/subduing/oppressing [the] virgin by force.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:3, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis
    וַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשֹׁ֔ו בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃‎, wat-tiḏ-baq nap̄-šōw bə-ḏî-nāh baṯ- ya-'ă-qōḇ; way-ye-'ĕ-haḇ 'eṯ- han-na-'ă-rā, way-ḏab-bêr 'al- lêḇ han-na-'ă-rā., 'And he stayed with/kept Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he lusted after the young woman, and he tried to quiet the young woman.' – WLC
    καὶ προσέσχεν τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ, καὶ ἠγάπησεν τὴν παρθένον, καὶ ἐλάλησεν κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ, 'and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.' LXX$^{Swete}$
    καὶ προσέσχε τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας/Δίνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ καὶ ἠγάπησε τὴν παρθένον καὶ ἐλάλησε κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ, 'and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.' Brenton ABP
    Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis., 'And his soul was glued to her, and [he] soothed [the] sad one with blandishments.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:3 (twice)
    הנער‎, han-na-'ar, 'the young man' [H5288] – MT
    הנערה‎, han-na-'ă-rā,, 'the young woman' [H5291] – SP
    παρθένον/παρθένου, 'young woman or virgin' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    omitted – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:3
    על‎, 'al-, 'to' [H5921] – MT
    אל‎, el, 'towards' [H413] – SP
    κατὰ, 'against/down/according to' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    omitted – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:7, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
    וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃‎, wə-ḵên lō yê-'ā-śeh., 'and such [a thing] should not be done' – WLC
    καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται., 'And [it] shall not be thus.' LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    rem illicitam perpetrasset., '[he] had perpetrated/committed [an] illicit/unlawful act.' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:9, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
    תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃‎, tiq-ḥū lā-ḵem., 'take to/for yourselves.' – WLC
    λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν., 'take for your sons.' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    accipite,, 'accept,' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:11
    אֶתֵּֽן׃‎, 'et-tên., 'I will give.' – WLC
    ἡμῖν δώσομεν., 'we will give.' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    δώσομεν., '[we] will give.' – Brenton ABP
    dabo, '[I] will give' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:14
    וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם‎, way-yō-mə-rū 'ă-lê-hem,, 'And they said to them' – WLC
    καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας υἱοὶ δὲ Λείας, 'And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah sons of Leah said to them' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας/Δίνας, 'And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah said to them' – Brenton ABP
    omitted – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
Genesis 34:14, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
    לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֣ו עָרְלָ֑ה‎, lə-'îš 'ă-šer- lōw 'ā-rə-lāh;, 'to an uncircumcised man' – WLC
    ἀνθρώπῳ ὃς ἔχει ἀκροβυστίαν·, 'to a man who has [a] foreskin' – LXX$^{Swete}$ Brenton ABP
    homini incircumciso, 'to an uncircumcised man' – Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$

### Genesis 49

Genesis 49:4
    כִּ֥י עָלִ֖יתָ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ‎, kî 'ā-lî-ṯā miš-kə-ḇê 'ā-ḇî-ḵā;, 'because you went up on the beds of [your] father') – WLC
    ἀνέβης γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν κοίτην τοῦ πατρός σου·, 'because you went up on the (marriage-)bed of your father;' – LXX$^{Swete}$
    ανέβης γαρ επί την κοίτην του πατρός σου, 'because you went up on the (marriage-)bed of your father' – ABP
    quia ascendisti cubile patris tui, 'because you ascended to the (marriage) bed of your father' – Vg$^{Clement}$ Vg$^{Colunga&Turrado}$
       Compare Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13. See also Bilhah and Reuben (son of Jacob).