OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Formed Police Unit

A Formed Police Unit (FPU) is a law enforcement unit used by some international organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), and African Union (AU), in support of peacekeeping operations. Each FPU is composed of personnel contributed by a member state and deployed under the organization's authority.

## History

Formed Police Units were first used in 1999 with the United Nations Mission in Kosovo and the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor.
In 2007, the first all-female FPU – contributed by India – was deployed as part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia. A second all-female FPU was contributed by Bangladesh to the UN mission in Haiti in 2010.
The African Union stood-up its first FPUs in 2012 in support of the African Union Mission in Somalia. Two 140-member FPUs were sent to Somalia that year, one each from Uganda and Nigeria.
As of 2016, there were 71 authorized UN Formed Police Units collectively composed of 10,000 personnel.

## Organization and operations
### Organization

A Formed Police Unit is a single-nation contingent composed of approximately 140 personnel. FPUs are typically used during a mission's start-up and surge phases to signal a stronger presence than would be possible with individual police officers. To maximize operational efficiency, single FPUs are composed of police from the contributing country only, instead of from multiple states.

### Operations

Formed Police Units perform three functions: crowd and riot control, protection of the sponsor organization's facilities and personnel, and support to local police in situations that require additional resources but do not necessitate a military response. In the latter role, armed FPUs act as an intermediate response link between individual police officers who are unarmed and armed military units; according to Kamil Kuć and Walentyna Trzcińska they "work where a show of force is needed, but where the intervention of the army would be excessive". In the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, for instance, the EU FPU is a second-tier response element in Kosovo's three-layer security operation; the first layer is the Kosovo Police and the third layer is the NATO Kosovo Force.

### Training

Personnel in FPUs are trained police from their sponsoring country. In addition, prior to deployment, they receive supplementary training dictated by the deploying organization to ensure minimum competency and standardized operating protocols. In the case of UN FPUs, this is generally a 300-hour course covering topics such as defense against IEDs, evacuations, convoy escort procedures, physical security, first aid, and riot control tactics.

## In popular culture

The Chinese film Formed Police Unit, produced by Andrew Lau and directed by Tat-Chiu Lee, is a fictional account of a Chinese FPU on an overseas peacekeeping mission.
# 1827 in Spain

Events from the year 1827 in Spain

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles IV
* Prime Minister: Manuel González Salmón

## Deaths

* * 12 December - María Pascuala Caro Sureda, scholar (born 1768)
# Karen Willinger

Karen Willinger (born Karin Williger or Weiss, 1919–2008), was a British textile designer.
She was born on 27 March 1919.
Her design Enara, made in cotton for Edinburgh Weavers of Carlisle, England, is in the permanent collection of London's Victoria & Albert Museum.
In 1947, she married the architect Leonard Manasseh (1916–2017), and the records show her names as "Gusti Williger" or "Gusti Weiss".
In April 1948, their son Alan Sylvanus Pelham Manasseh was born in London, and her birth surname is given as Weiss. In 1950, the birth of their son, Zachery Charles Manasseh was registered in Hertfordshire, England, and her birth surname is given as Weiss.
In July 1952 they moved to Singapore, but in 1953 or soon after, she left him and their two sons.
In 1956, as Karin Manasseh, she married George H Gretton in Hampstead, London. Ms Karin Gretton died in London, England on 17 April 2008.
# 2013 First Division (Guinea-Bissau)

The 2013 First Division season was the 34th of the amateur competition of the first-tier football in Guinea-Bissau. The tournament was organized by the Football Federation of Guinea-Bissau. The season began on 12 January and finished on 16 June. Balantas won their fourth and recent title and finished with 40 points and later competed in the 2004 CAF Champions League the following season. Estrela de Cantanhez (Third Division participant) won the 2013 Guinea-Bissau Cup and later competed in the 2014 CAF Confederation Cup the following season.
There was no competition last season due to financial concerns.
It was an 18 match season and had a total of 90 matches. A total of 170 goals were scored.
AC Bissorã was the defending team of the title. Benfica Bissau scored the most goals and numbered 23, Balantas and Sporting Bafatá were second with 23 goals and Bissorã scored the least with 10. On the opposites, Os Balantas conceded the least with 8 and Académica Ingoré conceded the most with 26.

## Overview

The league was contested by 10 teams with Os Balantas winning the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | CF Os Balantas | 18 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 23 | 8 | +15 | 40 |
| 2 | Sporting Clube de Bissau | 18 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 22 | 10 | +12 | 34 |
| 3 | Benfica Bissau | 18 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 25 | 14 | +11 | 32 |
| 4 | Sporting Bafatá | 18 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 23 | 16 | +7 | 30 |
| 5 | Cuntum Futebol Clube | 18 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 24 |
| 6 | UDI Bissau | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 13 | 17 | -4 | 23 |
| 7 | Mavegro FC | 18 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 14 | 19 | -5 | 20 |
| 8 | Sport Portos de Bissau | 18 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 23 | -10 | 18 |
| 9 | Atlético Clube de Bissorã | 18 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 21 | -17 | 14 |
| 10 | Académica de Ingoré | 18 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 11 | 26 | -15 | 9 |
* National Champion
* Relegation to the Second Division
* First Division 2013 Champions
* CF Os Balantas 4th title
# Hârtiești

Hârtiești is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Dealu, Hârtiești, Lespezi, and Lucieni. It also included the villages of Bârzești, Huluba, and Vulturești until 2003, when these were split off to form Vulturești Commune.
# Darlaston Town Hall

Darlaston Town Hall is a municipal building in Victoria Road in Darlaston, a town in the West Midlands of England. The building, which is currently leased to a charity which manages local community activities, is a locally listed building.

## History

Following significant population growth, largely associated with the status of Darlaston as a market town, a local board of health was established the area in 1869. In 1881, the local board of health decided to commission a town hall to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The site they selected, on Pardoes Lane, was occupied by a disused workhouse.
The foundation stone for the new building was laid by the chairman of the local board, James Slater of Bescot Hall, on 21 June 1887. It was designed by Jethro Cossins in the Queen Anne style, built in brick with stone dressings at a cost of £5,500 and was officially opened on 31 October 1888. However, further money had to be raised to complete the work. The final stage of the complex, a public library, opened in September 1891.
The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of 13 bays facing onto Victoria Road, with the end sections of three bays each projected forward as pavilions. The central section of seven bays featured an elliptically headed doorway with voussoirs and a keystone flanked by pilasters supporting a parapet. The other bays on the ground floor were fenestrated by elliptically headed windows with voussoirs and keystones, while all the bays on the first floor were fenestrated by mullioned and transomed windows. At roof level, there was a central lantern with louvres and a finial. The end sections were fenestrated by mullioned and transomed windows with oculi in the gables above.
In 1895, the Local Board was succeeded by Darlaston Urban District Council, which used the town hall for its meetings. In 1966, the district became part of the County Borough of Walsall, which used the building to house its social services department, while also making the main hall available for community events. In 2012, a £500,000 restoration of the hall was proposed, but did not go ahead. In 2017, the council leased the building to a local charity, Darlaston All Active.

## The pipe organ

By 1903 the public hall was adorned with a fine new pipe organ, a gift to the town from the widow of James Slater, an ex-chairman of the local board, in his memory. The instrument was built by the West Yorkshire firm of J. J. Binns and was fully reported in the Musical Times. The organ is still in use. In June 2018 the Darlaston Town Hall pipe organ was recognised of outstanding national importance by the British Institute of Organ Studies (BIOS) – the UK's amenity society for pipe organs – and is listed as Grade 1 in the UK Historic Organs Scheme for being: an unaltered example of a town hall organ of 1903 by J. J. Binns and from the firm’s finest period.
# Hisdosus

Hisdosus (fl. c. 1100), also known as Hisdosus Scholasticus, was a writer and scholar who lived in the early 12th century. Nothing is known about his life. His first name is unknown, but he states that "I call myself Hisdosus, taken from the name of my father."

## History

A Latin commentary by him on Calcidius' translation of Plato's Timaeus survives in manuscript. He comments on the passage in the Timaeus (34b–36d) that deals with the World Soul. The commentary depends on the glosses by the French scholastic philosopher William of Conches on the Timaeus, and it has been supposed that he may have been a pupil of William of Conches.
Hisdosus' commentary is the only source (albeit in Latin paraphrase) for Heraclitus' comparison of the soul to a spider and the body to the spider's web (DK 22B 67a).
# 1898 in Spain

Events from the year 1898 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Alfonso XIII
* Prime Minister – Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
* Foreign Minister – José Canelejas
* Ambassador to the United States: Enrique Dupuy de Lôme

## Events

* February 9 – publishing of the De Lôme Letter
* March 27 – Spanish general election, 1898
* April 11 – U.S. president William McKinley asks the U.S. Congress to declare war on Spain
* April 25 – beginning of Spanish–American War
* July 1 – Spanish–American War: Battle of El Caney
* July 3 – Spanish–American War: Battle of Santiago de Cuba
* December 10 – Treaty of Paris (1898)
* founding of Athletic Bilbao
* founding of Palamós CF

## Births

* April 26 – Vicente Aleixandre, poet (d. 1984)
* June 5 – Federico García Lorca, playwright and poet (d. 1936)
* July 17 – Benito Díaz, football manager and player (d. 1990)
* July 27 – Concha Méndez, poet and dramatist (d. 1986)
* October 22 – Dámaso Alonso, poet (d. 1990)

## Deaths

* July 1 – Joaquín Vara del Rey y Rubio
* July 3 – Fernando Villaamil
# James Horton (footballer, born 1909)

James Horton (born 1909) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back.

## Career

Born in Newark, Horton signed for Bradford City in June 1933 from Newark Town, leaving the club in August 1936 to sign for Boston United. During his time with Bradford City he made three appearances in the Football League.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Antón Arieta

Antón Arieta-Araunabeña Piedra (6 January 1946 – 7 May 2022), known as Arieta, was a Spanish footballer who played as a striker.

## Club career

Born in Durango, Biscay, Arieta played youth football with local Athletic Bilbao. At the age of 18, he was immediately promoted from Lezama into the first team, scoring a career-best 12 goals in the 1964–65 season to help his team to the seventh position in La Liga.
During his ten-year stint at the San Mamés Stadium, Arieta appeared in 358 games in all competitions, netting 83 times. He won two Copa del Rey trophies with his main club, scoring in the 1972–73 edition, won 2–0 against CD Castellón.
In summer 1974, Arieta signed with Hércules CF also of the top division. After only one goal in 12 matches in his second year, he retired at the age of 30.

## International career

Arieta earned seven caps for Spain in 23 months. His debut came on 11 February 1970, and he scored two of his four goals for his country in a 2–0 friendly win over West Germany in Seville.

## Personal life

Arieta's older brother, Eneko, was also a footballer and a forward. He too played for Athletic, and as the pair shared teams for two years, they were known as Arieta I and Arieta II.
Arieta died on 7 May 2022, aged 76.

## Honours

Athletic Bilbao
* Copa del Generalísimo: 1969, 1972–73
# The Weather Underground (film)

The Weather Underground is a 2002 documentary film based on the rise and fall of the American radical far-left Communist organization Weather Underground.

## Summary

Using archive footage from the time as well as interviews with the Weathermen in the modern day, the film constructs a linear narrative of the organization and serves as a cautionary tale.

## Reception
### Critical response

The Weather Underground has an approval rating of 91% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 58 reviews, and an average rating of 7.79/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Fascinating documentary about the militant Weathermen". Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 77 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

### Accolades

The film, directed by Sam Green and Bill Siegel, won the audience choice award at the Chicago Underground Film Festival and went on to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2004.
# 2003 Intercontinental Cup

The 2003 Intercontinental Cup was the 42nd Intercontinental Cup, an annual association football match contested by the winners of the previous season's UEFA Champions League and Copa Libertadores competitions. The match was played on 14 December 2003 between Boca Juniors of Argentina, winners of the 2003 Copa Libertadores and AC Milan of Italy, winners of the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League. The match was played at the neutral venue of the International Stadium Yokohama in Yokohama, in front of 70,000 fans. Matías Donnet was named as man of the match.
Since the 2004 final (a year later) was goalless after the extra 30 minutes and the game was settled by a penalty shoot-out, Matías Donnet scored the last goal of the Intercontinental Cup before being abolished to the FIFA Club World Cup.

## Match details

| Milan | Boca Juniors |
| GK | 12 | Dida |
| RB | 2 | Cafu | 61' |
| CB | 19 | Alessandro Costacurta |
| CB | 3 | Paolo Maldini (c) |
| LB | 26 | Giuseppe Pancaro |
| DM | 21 | Andrea Pirlo |
| CM | 8 | Gennaro Gattuso | | 102' |
| CM | 20 | Clarence Seedorf |
| AM | 22 | Kaká | 19' | 77' |
| CF | 7 | Andriy Shevchenko |
| CF | 15 | Jon Dahl Tomasson | | 69' |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 77 | Christian Abbiati |
| DF | 4 | Kakha Kaladze |
| DF | 24 | Martin Laursen |
| MF | 10 | Rui Costa | | 77' |
| MF | 23 | Massimo Ambrosini | | 102' |
| MF | 27 | Serginho |
| FW | 9 | Filippo Inzaghi | | 69' |
| Manager: ||
| Carlo Ancelotti ||
| GK | 1 | Roberto Abbondanzieri |
| CB | 14 | Luis Perea | 6' |
| CB | 2 | Rolando Schiavi |
| CB | 6 | Nicolás Burdisso |
| RM | 8 | Diego Cagna (c) |
| CM | 5 | Sebastián Battaglia |
| CM | 22 | Raúl Cascini |
| LM | 3 | Clemente Rodríguez |
| AM | 18 | Matías Donnet |
| CF | 10 | Iarley |
| CF | 7 | Guillermo Barros Schelotto | | 73' |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 12 | Willy Caballero |
| DF | 4 | Pablo Jerez |
| DF | 13 | Diego Crosa |
| MF | 16 | Fabián Vargas |
| MF | 20 | Javier Villarreal |
| FW | 9 | Carlos Tevez | | 73' |
| FW | 11 | Roberto Colautti |
| Manager: ||
| Carlos Bianchi ||
* Man of the Match:
* Matías Donnet (Boca Juniors)
* Assistant referees:
* Gennady Krasyuk (Russia)
* Yuri Dupanov (Belarus)
* Fourth official:
* Masayoshi Okada (Japan)
# Robert J. Colville

Robert John Colville (born August 3, 1965) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania

## Biography

Colville received a Bachelor of Arts from Pennsylvania State University in 1989 and his Juris Doctor from Duquesne University School of Law in 1992. He began his legal career by serving as an intern for the Appellate Division of the Office of the Public Defender of Allegheny County, then became a law clerk from 1992 to 1994 to the Honorable Ralph J. Cappy, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. He worked as an associate at the law firm of Pietragallo Bosick & Gordon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1994 to 1999. From 2000 to 2019, Colville served as a judge on the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas, where he presided over civil matters. From 2012 to 2019, he served as a judge on the Pennsylvania Court of Judicial Discipline.

## Federal judicial service
### Expired nomination to district court under Obama

On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Colville to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Judge Gary L. Lancaster, who died on April 24, 2013. He received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015. His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress.

### Renomination to district court under Trump

On March 1, 2019, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Colville to serve as a United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania as part of a bipartisan package of nominees which included Stephanie Haines. On March 5, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Colville to the seat vacated by Judge Arthur J. Schwab, who assumed senior status on January 1, 2018. On May 9, 2019, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 15–7 vote. A cloture motion on the nomination was presented to the United States Senate on December 16, 2019, but it was withdrawn on December 18, 2019. On December 19, 2019, the Senate confirmed his nomination by a 66–27 vote. He received his judicial commission on December 31, 2019.
# Chandrika Devi Temple, Lucknow

Chandrika Devi Temple is a Hindu temple, dedicated to one of the many forms of Hindu Mother Goddess Durga, near Kathwara, Bakshi Ka Talab in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is a prominent pilgrimage site for locals and interstate people. It is also a tourist destination for the people of adjoining cities and rural folks.

## History

It is situated on the bank of river Gomti at the north-west of National Highway No.24 (Lucknow-Sitapur Road) in Kathwara village, near Bakshi ka talab, Lucknow City. This temple is 300 years old and is well known for the deity Chandrika Devi - a form of Goddess Durga. Located in a natural environment encircled by the river Gomti in the north, west and south side, it is around 28 km away from the main city of Lucknow. It is about 45 km away from Lucknow Airport. This place and nearby areas have relevance and religious significance since the time of the Ramayana. It is also called Mahi Sagar Teerth. There is mention of this temple in the holy books of Skand and Karma Puran.
It is said that elder son of Shri Lakshmana - the founder of Lucknow, Rajkumar Chandraketu, was once passing with Ashwamegh Horse through Gomti. In the way, it became dark and hence he had to take rest in the then dense forest. He prayed Goddess for safety. Within a moment there was cool moon light and the Goddess appeared before him and assured him. It is said that a grand temple established here during that era was destroyed in 12th century by foreign invaders. It is also said that around 250 years back some nearby villagers, while roaming in the forests, located this beautiful place- which was hidden with dense forests. Next day, a villager could locate the statue of Devi and it was placed at the present place. Later on, a temple was constructed and since then people continued to visit this temple and offer 'Pooja' after knowing the appearance of Ma Chandrika Devi. This place is also known as Mahi Sagar Teerth.
It is also said that in Dvapara Yuga God Shri Krishna advised Barbreek, son of Ghatotkach, about the Tirth for acquiring power. Barbreek worshiped Ma Chandrika Devi for continuous 3 years at this place.
On the eve of Amavasya and Navratras, a lot of religious activities in the temple and around the temple premises are held. People from different parts of the State, come here for Hawan (Yagya), Mundan (total hair-cut). In addition, during these days, Kirtans, satsang (religious meetings) are also held. It also said that Chandrika (jewelry worn by women on head) part of devi sati fell here. A Mela vikas samiti and Radhey lal bajpai and ramashre bajpai have been managing this place for a long time and taking care of this place.
# Unai Egiluz

Unai Egiluz Arroyo (born 19 March 2002) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a centre-back for CD Mirandés, on loan from Athletic Bilbao.

## Career

Born in Durango, Biscay, Basque Country, Egiluz joined Athletic Bilbao's Lezama Facilities in 2018, from hometown side SCD Durango. He made his senior debut with the farm team CD Basconia on 5 September 2021, starting in a 0–0 Tercera División RFEF away draw against Barakaldo CF.
Egiluz was promoted to the reserves on 10 July 2022, and made his first appearance for the side on 28 August by coming on as a late substitute in a 2–1 Primera Federación home loss against CF La Nucía. In the summer of 2023, he was one of the players chosen to do the preseason with the senior squad.
Egiluz made his first tema debut for the Lions on 1 November 2023, starting in a 2–1 away win over UE Rubí, for the season's Copa del Rey. He remained a starter for the B's during the campaign, as they achieved promotion from Segunda Federación.
On 29 August 2024, Egiluz was loaned to Segunda División side CD Mirandés for one year, becoming the third Athletic player to do so in the transfer window. He made his professional debut on 15 September, replacing Tachi at half-time in a 2–0 home win over Albacete Balompié.
# Paweł Sobczak (footballer)

Paweł Piotr Sobczak (born 29 June 1978) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

While rated as the 3rd most expensive player in Poland and attracting interest from German Bundesliga side Hertha BSC, Sobczak signed for Austria Wien, one of the most successful Austrian clubs. However, he was reported to have poor attitude, being distracted by his high salary there, and did not play as much due to change in head coach. After retirement, Sobczak said that he "was completely unprepared for such a trip [to Austria], especially mentally".
For the second half of the 2000–01 season, he signed for Genoa in the Italian second division.
In 2002, Sobczak signed for Polish club Pogoń Szczecin before joining Austrian team Admira Wacker Mödling because of Pogoń's financial issues.
In 2004, after playing in Cyprus with Anorthosis Famagusta, he signed for Wisła Płock in the Polish top flight.
In 2005, he signed for Polish second division outfit Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała on loan. After departing Wisła, Sobczak played in Germany and Greece as well as the Polish lower leagues.

## Honours

Wisła Płock
* Polish Super Cup: 2006
# Casualty of war

Casualty of war or Casualties of war may refer to:
* Casualties of War, a 1989 film directed by Brian De Palma
* Casualties of War (Doctor Who), a 2000 novel by Steve Emmerson
* "Casualties of War" (Foyle's War), a 2007 television episode
* Casualties of War (album), a 2007 album, or the title song, by Boot Camp Clik
* "Casualties of War", a 1992 song by Eric B. & Rakim from Don't Sweat the Technique
* "Casualties of War", a 2012 song by Gossip from A Joyful Noise