# Hingyon

Hingyon, officially the Municipality of Hingyon is a municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines. According to the 2020 CBMS census, it has a population of 9,447 people.

## Historical Background

The name “Hingyon” was derived from the Ifugao term “Hing-ngiyon”, meaning a diversion from a major route. The main route then, and even now, is the national road connecting the municipalities of Lagawe and Banaue and the diversion road is at Barangay Piwong, now a part of Hingyon, going towards the municipal mainland.
The Municipality of Hingyon was created by virtue of BATAS PAMBANSA Bilang 239, under P.D No. 1527 on September 12, 1982. Hingyon consisted then of eleven (11) barangays which were formerly parts of the municipalities of Lagawe and Banaue. On September 6, 1991, by virtue of Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolution No.236, Series of 1991, Barangay Cababuyan was divided into Cababuyan North and South, thus, there became twelve (12) Barangays of the municipality.
* Anao
* Bangtinon
* Bitu
* Mompolia
* Namulditan
* Northern Cababuyan
* O-ong
* Piwong
* Poblacion
* Southern Cababuyan
* Ubuag
* Umalbong
The people of Hingyon, like all other Ifugao’s, are descendants of the first man and woman on earth. The man is named “Wigan” and the woman “Bugan”. They had children and the intermarriages of their offspring produced the people of Ifugao.
In Hingyon, throughout the generations, there emerged three (3) distinct tribes. These are the “Munkalyon” Tribe (barangays Anao, Namulditan, Bangtinon, Bitu, and Piwong), the “Mun-alyon” Tribe (barangays Northern Cababuyan, Southern Cababuyan, O-ong, Ubuag, Umalbong, Mompolia and Poblacion), and the Ayangan tribe of Humalophop, Mompolia. The distinction is reflected in the pronunciation and intonation of the Ifugao dialect.
Based on accounts of American anthropologists like Samuel Kane, Harold Conklin, and Otley Beyer after Spain seceded the Philippines to the Americans in the early 1900’s, the early people of Hingyon (who were then included in Banaue and Lagawe) were pagans. They adored idols and practiced many rituals. Almost all occasions, whether merry making or mourning, call for the butchering of chickens, pigs or carabaos and drinking of the “baya” (native rice wine). In fact, one indication of the socio-economic status of an individual (or household) is the number of pigs or carabaos he has butchered, since this practice of butchering usually goes hand in hand with the collective wide area of his rice terraces. The more terraces he owned, the wealthier he is, the more respected he is in the village and the adjoining villages. Perhaps to inform strangers who come to the village, the house of the “kadangyan” (rich) is adorned by the skulls of carabaos butchered in the past.
As modernization came in, it brought changes in the villages including perceptions of people. Due to economic constraints (which has a direct impact to the butchering of ritual animals) and the entry of modern education and religion, many rituals have become things of the past. For instance, a new concept of “kadangyan” emerged in the villages. No longer were those who owned the widest terraces considered as rich, but rather, those who owned much money, or who earned much cash whether local or abroad. The terraces which were the symbols of wealth became symbols of hard labor, illiteracy, and poverty. The rituals and icons intended to please the “gods” for a bountiful harvest became idols of paganism and acts of worshipping them were considered “unchristian”.
Respect shifted from the “kadangyan” or “muntonah” (who owned the widest terraces in the village) to people considered “educated”, and those who had much money. Fortunately, some of the favorable cultural practices still persist up to the present and arduous efforts were made by the municipality to revive, preserve and transmit these practices to younger generations.

## Geography and Physical Characteristics

The Municipality of Hingyon, a landlocked province in Ifugao, is situated at 16°51’North, 121°6’ East, on the island of Luzon. Positioned at an elevation of approximately 889.4 meters or 2,917.3 feet above mean sea level, it is 351.5 km northeast of Manila. Bounded by the Municipality of Banaue to the North and East, Lagawe, Ifugao to the South, and Kiangan, Ifugao to the West, Hingyon spans a total land area of 6363.07 hectares, organized into 12 barangays.
Hingyon is composed of twelve barangays, among these, Barangay Umalbong holds the largest share of land, covering 1435.54 hectares or 23% of Hingyon's total land area. In contrast, Barangay Bitu has the smallest land area, with 112.49 hectares, constituting 2% of the municipality's total land area. This geographical diversity underscores the varying sizes and characteristics of the barangays within Hingyon, contributing to the municipality's overall landscape and identity.

### Topography and Slope

Hingyon's landscape is distinguished by its narrow and steep-sided channels or ravines formed by the turbulent waters of intermittent streams. Annual erosions contribute to the steepening of slopes, resulting in additional barren lands within otherwise pristine watersheds. The Hingyon river, flowing consistently throughout the year, carries soil deposits, shaping steep cliffs, and revealing massive rocks along its path. Adding to this picturesque ruggedness, the peaks of Mt. Atugu to the south and Mt. Anapawon to the west stand as citadels in the dramatic panorama.
The majority of the municipality features slopes ranging from 30% to 50%, indicating a notably steep terrain. Additionally, there are areas within the municipality with slopes classified as severely steep, measuring 50% and above, as depicted on the map. Furthermore, the map reveals sections characterized by a more moderate incline, varying from 8% to 30% steepness, ranging from level to gently moderating to steep.

### Soil Type

The analysis of soil types in Hingyon encompasses crucial characteristics like depth, clay ratio, water holding capacity, porosity, and permeability, all of which influence the classification and utilization of soil. The two primary soil types present are Langa Silty Clay Loam and Mountain soil. Langa Silty Clay Loam, known for its agricultural suitability, supports a variety of crops due to its favorable characteristics. This soil type prevails across numerous barangays, qualifying them for a range of agricultural activities, from aquatic to land-based crops. Additionally, its loamy composition makes it an excellent choice for construction, providing an optimal blend of silt, sand, and clay. The only potential concern lies in its susceptibility to decomposition when wet.
Conversely, Mountain soils exhibit heterogeneity, with properties influenced by climate and altitude. Soil composition varies with the slope, featuring loamy and silty characteristics on valley sides and a coarse-grained texture on upper slopes. The lower parts of the valley, being more fertile, make it suitable for the plantation of coffee, spices, and tropical fruits. However, field crops may not thrive as well in mountain soils. Understanding these soil types and their characteristics is vital for informed and use decisions, agricultural planning, and sustainable development in Hingyon.

### Geology

The geological composition of the entire municipality is characterized by Oligocene-Miocene deposits, encompassing both sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Oligocene rocks comprise diverse sedimentary formations such as sandstone, shale, and limestone, with the ability to develop in marine, terrestrial, or transitional environments. In the Miocene era, a variety of sedimentary rocks formed under distinct environmental conditions, alongside notable occurrences of mountain-building and tectonic activity that contributed to the creation of metamorphic rocks.

### Faultline

A geological faultline traverses several barangays, namely Namulditan, Piwong, Bitu, Mompolia, and Umalbong. It is important to note that the validation of this faultline is pending, awaiting confirmation based on the maps provided by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for the Ifugao Faultline.
Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the municipality in question is situated approximately 6 kilometers from the Hapap Faultline, which is currently active and extends through the municipality of Hungduan based from the data of DOST-PhilVolcs. This emphasizes the significance of monitoring and verifying the status of the faultline passing through the mentioned barangays to ensure accurate risk assessment and appropriate precautionary measures.

### Landslide

The hazard map produced by the MGB highlights landslides as the predominant risk in the municipality. The susceptibility assessment categorized areas into four levels: low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility.
Landslide Susceptibility Rating Parameters:
Very High - Areas usually with steep to very steep slopes and underlain by weak materials. Recent landslides, escarpments and tension cracks are present. Human initiated effects could be an aggravating factor.
High - Areas usually with steep to very steep slopes and underlain by weak materials. Areas with numerous old/inactive landslides
Moderate - Areas with moderately steep slopes. Soil creep and other indications for possible landslide occurrence are present.
Low - Gently sloping areas with no identified landslides.
The majority of the municipality faces a high susceptibility to landslides, with a particularly elevated risk in the Namulditan and O-ong areas. The central part of the municipality also exhibits a moderate susceptibility to landslides, along with some smaller portions scattered throughout the area.

### Climate

Climate data for Hingyon, Ifugao :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 25 (77) | 26 (79) | 26 (79) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 22 (72) | 24 (76) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15 (59) | 15 (59) | 16 (61) | 18 (64) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 19 (66) | 18 (64) | 17 (63) | 16 (61) | 18 (64) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35 (1.4) | 46 (1.8) | 63 (2.5) | 117 (4.6) | 402 (15.8) | 400 (15.7) | 441 (17.4) | 471 (18.5) | 440 (17.3) | 258 (10.2) | 94 (3.7) | 68 (2.7) | 2,835 (111.6) |
| Average rainy days | 9.9 | 11.1 | 13.9 | 18.9 | 26.0 | 27.3 | 28.9 | 28.5 | 26.1 | 19.7 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 237.6 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Culture

Save the Ifugao Terraces Movement (SITMO) promotes the Ifugao hand-woven fabrics. It has assisted Hingyon's Abella's House of Arts, the prime Ifugao Ikat brand in Lugo, Barangay O-ong owned by famous weaver Bumilac Li-ubon Marcelino or Marcelino Bumilac, KMME, DTI. He uses techniques including - Ikat weaving, the tie and dye process, kinulhudan, plain or stripes weaving, pinilian, the pick-up, scattered and continuous supplementary weft techniques and balod technique in weaving.

## Demographics

Out of Hingyon’s total population of 9447, there are 2265 households, yielding an average household size of 4 members. Notably, Mompolia has the highest total number of households at 333, maintaining an average household size of 4 members. Conversely, Ubuag and Bangtinon have the lowest total number of households at 88, with an average household size of 4. The data further highlights variations in average household size, with Piwong recording the highest at 5 members per household, while Anao has the lowest average household size at 3 members.
Household Population by Barangay & Average Household Size, Year 2020 :
| Barangay | Population | Number of Household | Average Household Size |
| Bitu | 507 | 117 | 4 |
| Piwong | 1,266 | 268 | 5 |
| Namulditan | 1,043 | 240 | 4 |
| O-ong | 1,212 | 298 | 4 |
| Anao | 361 | 101 | 4 |
| Bangtinon | 384 | 88 | 4 |
| Mompolia | 1,298 | 333 | 4 |
| Northern Cababuyan | 811 | 197 | 4 |
| Southern Cababuyan | 611 | 145 | 4 |
| Poblacion | 872 | 212 | 4 |
| Ubuag | 374 | 88 | 4 |
| Umalbong | 708 | 178 | 3 |
| Total | 9,447 | 2,265 | 4 |
| Source: CBMS Census 2020 ||||

### Population Composition by School Age, Working Age, Dependent-Age and Sex Ratio

| Age Group | Both Sexes | Male | Male | Female | Female | Sex Ratio |
| Age Group | Both Sexes | No. | % | No. | % | Sex Ratio |
| School going population | 3,844 | 1,762 | 46% | 2,082 | 54% | 0.85 |
| Kinder (5) | 193 | 103 | 53% | 90 | 47% | 1.14 |
| Elementary (6-11) | 1,265 | 645 | 51% | 620 | 49% | 1.04 |
| Junior High (12-15) | 793 | 412 | 52% | 381 | 48% | 1.08 |
| Senior High (16-17) | 430 | 222 | 52% | 208 | 48% | 1.07 |
| Tertiary (18-21) | 1,163 | 380 | 33% | 783 | 67% | 0.49 |
| Working Age (15-64) | 5,931 | 2,822 | 48% | 3,109 | 52% | 0.91 |
| Labor Force (15-above) | 4,026 | 2,348 | 58% | 1,678 | 42% | 1.40 |
| Dependent Population | 4,550 | 2,004 | 44% | 2,546 | 56% | 0.79 |
| Young (0-14) | 2,901 | 1,504 | 52% | 1,397 | 48% | 1.08 |
| Old (65-over) | 1,649 | 500 | 30% | 1,149 | 70% | 0.44 |
The age distribution in Hingyon, categorizing the population into School-going Individuals, the Labor Force, and those in Dependent Age Groups. The majority of school-goers, totaling, 1,265, are at the elementary level, with kinder having the lowest count at 193. Females constitute a higher number of school-goers, with 2,082 compared to males at 1,762. The labor force, totaling 4,026 individuals actively engaged in work within the working age group of 5,931, was 58% male and 42% female. The dependent age group includes 2,901 young and 1,308 elderly individuals. This data offers valuable insights into the population’s distribution across age groups and gender, emphasizing notable differences in gender ratios within the labor force and across various life stages.

### Population Distribution by Age Group and Sex

| Age Group | Censal Year 1-2020 | Censal Year 1-2020 | Censal Year 1-2020 | Censal Year 2-2016 | Censal Year 2-2016 | Censal Year 2-2016 |
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total |
| 0 - 4 | (447) | 401 | 848 | (550) | 516 | 1,066 |
| 5 - 9 | (548) | 515 | 1,063 | (540) | 503 | 1,043 |
| 10 - 14 | (510) | 482 | 992 | (578) | 503 | 1,081 |
| 15 - 19 | (540) | 485 | 1025 | (479) | 451 | 930 |
| 20 - 24 | (444) | 478 | 922 | (435) | 372 | 807 |
| 25 - 29 | (430) | 313 | 743 | (397) | 279 | 676 |
| 30 - 34 | (368) | 240 | 608 | (294) | 274 | 568 |
| 35 - 39 | (290) | 234 | 524 | (261) | 241 | 502 |
| 40 - 44 | (247) | 205 | 452 | (238) | 197 | 435 |
| 45 - 49 | (232) | 170 | 402 | (189) | 194 | 383 |
| 50 - 54 | (214) | 187 | 401 | (179) | 160 | 339 |
| 55 - 59 | (167) | 151 | 318 | (160) | 169 | 329 |
| 60 - 64 | (141) | 179 | 320 | (135) | 139 | 274 |
| 65 - 69 | (117) | 141 | 258 | (99) | 116 | 215 |
| 70 - 74 | (82) | 93 | 175 | (89) | 109 | 198 |
| 75 - 79 | (67) | 91 | 158 | (69) | 108 | 177 |
| 80 - and over | (51) | 77 | 238 | (69) | 131 | 200 |
| Total | 4,895 | 4,442 | 9447 | 4,761 | 4,462 | 9,223 |
The age distribution presented in the table is organized into 5-year intervals, revealing insightful patterns. Significantly, the age group of 5-9 years stands out with the highest total number, reaching 1,063 persons, while the age group of 80 and over has the lowest population, totaling 128 persons. Among the population by age classification, the most substantial group falls within the Productive Age Group (15-64), comprising 5,715 individuals, which accounts for 60% of the overall population. The second-highest is the Young Age Group, with a total of 2,903 individuals, representing 31%. The Old Age Group comes last, with 829 individuals, constituting 9% of the total population. This demographic breakdown suggests that Hingyon possesses a robust labor force (age group 15-64) but concurrently has a sizable dependency group, encompassing those below 15 years old and above 64 years of age.

### Population Density

| Barangay | Barangay | Population | Population | Gross Area (ha) | Population Density (Person per Ha) |
| Bitu | Bitu | 507 | 507 | 112.49 | 5 |
| Piwong | Piwong | 1,266 | 1,266 | 197.44 | 6 |
| Namulditan | Namulditan | 1,043 | 1,043 | 313.20 | 3 |
| O-ong | O-ong | 1,212 | 1,212 | 648.34 | 2 |
| Anao | Anao | 361 | 361 | 323.74 | 1 |
| Bangtinon | Bangtinon | 384 | 384 | 393.26 | 1 |
| Mompolia | Mompolia | 1,298 | 1,298 | 872.10 | 1 |
| Northern Cababuyan | Northern Cababuyan | 811 | 811 | 302.36 | 3 |
| Southern Cababuyan | Southern Cababuyan | 611 | 611 | 273.44 | 2 |
| Poblacion | Poblacion | 872 | 872 | 258.79 | 3 |
| Ubuag | Ubuag | 374 | 374 | 1232.37 | 0 |
| Umalbong | Umalbong | 708 | 708 | 1435.54 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 9,447 | 9,447 | 6,363.07 | 1 |
| Source: CBMS Census 2020 ||||||
With a total land area of 6363.07 hectares, Hingyon currently exhibits a population density of 1 person per hectare. However, the detailed breakdown in the table highlights variations among barangays, with Piwong having the highest population density at (6) persons per hectare, followed by Bitu at five (5) persons per hectare. Despite these figures, the data suggests that these barangays are not densely populated given the current population. It’s worth noting that, considering future growth and the existence of inhabitable areas in Hingyon, changes in population density are anticipated. As the population increases, especially in areas that are currently less inhabited, shifts in overall density are expected over time.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Hingyon
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 2006 25.40
* 2009 25.24
* 2012 29.90
* 2015 32.35
* 2018 23.04
* 2021 11.57
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Government
### Local government

Hingyon, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Ifugao, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

### Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2022-2025) :
| Position | Name |
| Mayor | Florencio B. Nalula |
| Vice-Mayor | Allan K. Pegew |
| Councilors | Avelino T. Dinamling |
| Councilors | Tony T. Tupong |
| Councilors | Romando M. Hewe |
| Councilors | Anthony C. Dumangeng |
| Councilors | Delfin D. Buligon |
| Councilors | Ronnie K. Gumatin |
| Councilors | Bernardino N. Dogwe |
| Councilors | Johnny B. Takinan |