OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German Agricultural Society

The German Agricultural Society (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft), commonly known as DLG, is an international non-profit organisation serving the agricultural industry in Germany. DLG was founded in 1885 by Max Eyth, has over 23,000 members as of 2011 and is headquartered in Frankfurt am Main. Its main purpose is to promote technical progress and scientific advances in the food and agricultural industry, including setting standards.

## Activities

The main activities of DLG are:
* Arrangement of seminars and other educational activities for its members
* Advise to members
* Publication of books and magazines related to the food and agriculture industry
* Testing of food and beverage products, including wine, which may qualify for a "DLG Award" which can then be displayed on the product.
* Testing of agricultural machinery
* Participation in international trade fairs
The DLG organises agricultural trade fairs and exhibitions such as Agritechnica, EuroTier, Anuga FoodTec, PotatoEurope, and DLG Field Days.
* DLG balloon at DLG Field Days 2010
* Unimog at Agritechnica 2011

## Wine activities

In the area of German wine, DLG has been responsible for devising the assessment scale used for official classification as well the medals and awards that are handed out regionally and nationally. This is a five-point scale where the wines are assessed blind (i.e., the tasters don't know the identity of the wine in the glass) by a panel and given points in the three categories bouquet ("nose"), taste and harmony. The category "harmony" refers to all sensory impressions, including color, and is concerned with the overall balance between sweetness, acidity, alcohol and "body"/mouthfeel of the wine. Each category is assessed on the scale 0-5 (fractional points may be awarded), and the points given are then averaged, with the same weight given to the three categories. For a wine to be given its quality control test number (A.P. Number for Amtliche Prüfung) necessary to display a Prädikat designation of the German wine classification, a minimum of 1.5 out of 5 is necessary in all three categories, otherwise the wine is denied a classification.
# Eugene Lipov

Eugene G. Lipov (born 1958) is a physician researcher and board-certified anesthesiologist who specializes in intervention-based pain management in the Chicago area. He is best known for his treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using a technique called stellate ganglion block (SGB).

## Background

Born in the Ukrainian SSR, Lipov and his family emigrated to the United States in 1973. Once settled in Chicago, his father Gregory, a cardiovascular surgeon, and his mother Mary, an endocrinologist, were among the first group of physicians to take care of local Russian émigrés. Both Lipov and his older brother Sergei went on to have careers in medicine as adults.

## Education

A Frances W. Parker School (Chicago) graduate, Lipov received his bachelor's in biochemistry from Northwestern University in 1980. A medical degree from Feinberg School of Medicine followed in 1984, and Lipov moved to Cook County Hospital/University of Illinois for a surgical residency. He spent two years in an anesthesiology residency at the University of Illinois before completing his training at Rush St Luke's with advanced training in pain management.

## Pain management research & treatment

Lipov's scholarly research and interests include the development of new approaches for pain conditions, and old approaches for new indications. He has developed a new stimulator approach called the "Hybrid Stimulator" for back and leg pain. He was also the first to report a successful use of stellate ganglion block for hot flashes and PTSD.
Lipov's PTSD research earned him an invitation to testify before the U.S. House Committee on Veteran's Affairs in 2010. His work also garnered references from former Congressman Rahm Emanuel, then Senator Barack Obama, and Senator Richard Durbin, among others.
Lipov has authored over 40 medical publications, including journal articles, book chapters and abstracts, as well as two theoretical papers explaining the mechanisms of the effects observed in the controversial and non-peer reviewed journal Medical Hypotheses. His "unified theory" purports to explain the prolonged effects of local anesthetic placed on the stellate ganglion resolving complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). It also purports to explain positive effect of SGB on estrogen depletion, hot flashes, PTSD and other conditions.
Lipov has made numerous media appearances relating to his work on the treatment of chronic pain. Many have focused on novel disk treatments, implantable neuro-stimulators for lower back pain and treatment of back and leg pain after surgery. His recent focus has been hot flash treatments and PTSD due to the lack of other effective treatments.

## Personal life

Lipov lives with his wife and one son, who co-authored The Adventures of Captain Heart with him at the age of 4.
# Haruka Wakaizumi

Haruka Wakaizumi (若泉 春香, Wakaizumi Haruka, born 1987) is a Japanese team handball player. She plays on the Japanese national team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.
# Westwood, Kent

Westwood is a village and retail estate in Thanet district of Kent, England, and 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of Margate.

## History

Westwood developed on the road between Margate and Ramsgate (now designated the A254). Most of the village is in the civil parish of Broadstairs and St Peter's.
Haine Hospital opened as an isolation hospital in 1902. A 2015 car park collapse beneath the Westwood Cross Primark store revealed underground tunnels believed to have been constructed during World War I training exercises. Researchers suggested they were subsequently used as air raid shelters for servicemen at the hospital and then sealed up.
The village became a focus for retail development towards the end of the 20th century, and is now one of four designated Town Centres in Thanet.

## Economy

Shopping centres in Westwood include Land Securities' Westwood Cross, and Hammerson's East Kent Retail Park and Westwood Gateway Retail Park.

## Notable residents

Entertainers Kate and Harry Rickards had a country home called "Westwood Lodge" in the village in the early 1900s.
# Interstate 290

Interstate 290 may refer to the following Interstate Highways in the United States:
* Interstate 290 (Illinois), a highway from Chicago, Illinois, to Rolling Meadows, Illinois
* Interstate 290 (Massachusetts), a highway in Massachusetts that connects Auburn to Marlborough via Worcester
* Interstate 290 (New York), a bypass route connecting Interstate 90 to Interstate 190 in Buffalo, New York
* Interstate 290, a cancelled freeway in Cleveland, Ohio, part of which was built anyway as Interstate 490 (Ohio)
# Ólafía Þórunn Kristinsdóttir

Ólafía Þórunn Kristinsdóttir (born 15 October 1992) is an Icelandic former professional golfer. She was named the Icelandic Sportsperson of the Year in 2017. She was the first golfer from Iceland to participate in the LPGA Tour. In August 2022, she announced her retirement from professional golf.

## Results in LPGA majors

Results not in chronological order before 2019.
| Tournament | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
| ANA Inspiration | | CUT | |
| U.S. Women's Open | | CUT | CUT |
| Women's PGA Championship | CUT | CUT | |
| The Evian Championship | T48 | | |
| Women's British Open | CUT | | |
CUT = missed the half-way cut T = tied

## Team appearances

Amateur
* European Ladies' Team Championship (representing Iceland): 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014
* Espirito Santo Trophy (representing Iceland): 2014
Professional
* European Championships (representing Iceland): 2018 (winner – mixed team)
# Mingyi Swa of Prome

Mingyi Swa of Prome (Burmese: မင်းကြီးစွာ, pronounced; c. 1435–1482) was viceroy of Prome from 1446 to 1482 during the reigns of kings Narapati I, Thihathura I and Minkhaung II of Ava.

## Brief

He was born Min Hsin-Mya (မင်းဆင်များ or မင်းဆင်မြား) and Tai name Manggyin Suang (မင်းၸိၼ်ႈသႂိင်) to Viceroy Thihathu of Prome and his chief queen Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi in Prome (Pyay). He was probably born c. 1435. He was the fourth of the couple's eight children. He had one elder brother, two elder sisters, one younger brother and three younger sisters. In April 1442, the family moved to Ava (Inwa) when Thihathu succeeded the Ava throne as Narapati I of Ava.
His stay at Ava was short. In January 1446, Narapati I appointed his second son, then no older than 11 years of age, the viceroy of Prome, the second most important city in the kingdom. He was a loyal son throughout his father's 26-year reign. But in 1472, he tried to revolt against his elder brother King Thihathura I by getting into a league with his younger brother Thado Minsaw, governor of Tharrawaddy. But the planned rebellion never panned out and both brothers submitted to the king in February 1473. Thihathura forgave his brothers and appointed them to their former position. He gave no more trouble when his nephew Minkhaung II became king of Ava in 1480. In return, the new king kept Mingyi Swa at his post.
Swa died in 1482. Thado Minsaw of Tharrawaddy seized Prome, and revolted against Minkhaung II. The rebellion succeeded, and Prome became independent.

## Family

Swa and his principal wife Saw Myat Lay had 11 children (four sons and seven daughters). He was also married to the daughter of Minye Kyawhtin of Toungoo and Princess of Yamethin.
| Wife | Rank | Issue | Reference |
| Saw Myat Lay | Vicereine of Prome | Pyu Saw Khin Hpone Gyi, queen consort of King Minkhaung II Mingyi Yaukkhamadaw (daughter) Minye Kyawswa Soe Min (daughter) Khin Hpone Htut, wife of Minye Kyawswa II of Kalay Min Taya Hnamadaw Minye Theingathu of Kandwin, husband of Mi Hpone Gyi and Mibaya Khaung Medaw of Tharrawaddy Min Hla Myat, wife of Minye Nawrahta of Tharrawaddy Mingyi Khamedaw, husband of Bodaw Hnamadaw Shwe Zin Gon, Queen of Prome | |

## Ancestry

Ancestry of Viceroy Mingyi Swa :
# Lív Sveinbjørnsdóttir Poulsen

Lív Sveinbjørnsdóttir Poulsen (born 27 December 2001) is a Faroese handballer who plays for EH Aalborg in the Danish Women's Handball League and the Faroe Islands women's national team.
She made her debut on the senior team of Herning-Ikast Håndbold, on 30 January 2019. On 20 March 2021, it was announced that Poulsen had signed a 1-year contract with Ajax København.
She made her debut on the Faroese national team on 29 September 2019, against Poland.

## Personal life

Is in a relationship with international handballer Tobias Grøndahl.

## Achievements

* Danish Championship:
** Runners-up: 2019,
** Bronze: 2021
* Danish Cup:
** Winner: 2019
# Eugene O'Brien (composer)

Eugene O'Brien (born April 24, 1945) is an American composer who has been a member of the faculty at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music since 1987. He was chair of the Composition Department from 1994 to 1999, and is currently executive associate dean. He has been a member of the composition faculties at Cleveland Institute of Music in Cleveland, and Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.

## Early life and education

O’Brien was born in Paterson, New Jersey. He attended the University of Nebraska, where he received his undergraduate and graduate degree and undertook post-graduate studies at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Köln, Germany as a Fulbright Scholar, and received his Doctor of Musical Arts degree from Cleveland Institute of Music / Case Western Reserve University. He studied composition with Robert Beadell, John Eaton, Donald Erb, Iannis Xenakis, and Bernd Alois Zimmermann,

## Career

O'Brien's music has been heard in concerts by the Cleveland Orchestra, the Italian Radio (RAI) Orchestras of Rome and Turin, the Omaha Symphony, as part of the Saint Louis Symphony Discovery series, the Louisville Orchestra New Dimensions series, and in numerous other concerts and festivals throughout this country and abroad. Recorded on the cri, Golden Crest, Crystal, Capstone and Indiana University labels, his works are published by Codex Nuovo, G. Schirmer, and Boosey & Hawkes.
Also active in the performance of new music, composer Eugene O’Brien co-founded the Cleveland new music ensemble Reconnaissance with Donald Erb in 1978 and was associated with the group as its director until 1984.
From 1985 to 1987, he served on the production board of the Contemporary Music Forum in Washington, D.C., and directed the Indiana University New Music Ensemble from 1991 to 1993.
O’Brien received several reviews about his work, including "Embarking for Cythera", "Clouds of Magellan", "Mysteries of the Horizon", "Tristan's Lament", "In the Country of Last Things", "Close Harmony", "Allures".

## Recognition

Eugene O'Brien is the recipient of the Academy Award in Music of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, in 1971 the Rome Prize of the American Academy in Rome (Elegy for Bernd alois Zimmermann, soprano and chamber ensemble), composer Eugene O’Brien has received awards from BMI (1967, 1970), ASCAP, and the League of Composers / International Society for Contemporary Music, and Cleveland Arts Prize. He has received Guggenheim, Rockefeller, Fulbright, National Endowment for the Arts and other fellowships, and has been commissioned by the Fromm Foundation at Harvard University, the Serge Koussevitzky Foundation in the Library of Congress, by the Meet-the-Composer / Lila Wallace Reader's Digest Fund, and by various American and European performers and ensembles.
# Wichling

Wichling (otherwise Wychling) is a village and civil parish within the local government district of Maidstone, in England. The parish lies approximately 10 miles (16 km) to the east of Maidstone. It lies near the top of the ridge of the North Downs and consists mainly of isolated farms and houses: the population is therefore small in number.
A small settlement was recorded in Domesday Book as "Winchelsmere". The Lord of the manor was Hugh, nephew of Herbert ("the same Hugh") who held the land from the Bishop of Bayeux, at that time Odo of Bayeux. There was ploughed land of around 400 acres (160 ha) (half a "sulung"), there was enough woodland for 5 pigs and the church is mentioned. Before the Norman Conquest it had been worth 100 shillings (£5), but after the conquest was only worth 40 shillings (£2).
The parish church dedicated to St Margaret was begun in the 12th century and restored 1882–3 by Clarke. The church has two bells set for swing chiming by lever, the earliest of which is from 1430 by John Walgrave of London.
The first tier of local government is a parish meeting.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The same Hugh holds Wichling of the bishop. It is assessed at half a sulung. There is land for 1 plough, and there is [1 plough] in demesne, with 3 slaves, and a church, and woodland for 5 pigs; and TRE in Canterbury 3 houses rendering 20d belonged to this manor. The whole TRE was worth 100s: and afterwards, as now, 40s. Wulfgeat held it of King Edward and could go where he pleased.
# William Wartenbee Johnson

William Wartenbee Johnson (August 26, 1826 – March 2, 1887) was an American politician and judge who served as Associate justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1880 to 1886.

## Biography

Johnson was born in Muskingum County, Ohio near ChandlersvilleAugust 26 or August 17, 1826. He was the third son of Solomon Johnson, originally from Connecticut, and Elizabeth Wartenbee, a Virginia native. He attended neighborhood schools, and graduated from and later taught at Muskingum College in New Concord. In 1849, he began study of law at the office of Charles Cleveland Convers, then Speaker of the Ohio Senate, and later on the Ohio Supreme Court. In 1852, he was admitted to the bar, and began practice at Ironton, Ohio.
In 1858, Johnson was elected Judge of the Common Pleas, and served until 1866. In 1868, he was re-elected, but resigned in 1872 due to ill health. In 1874, he was the Republican nominee for Supreme Court Judge, but lost to Democrat George Rex. In 1876, Governor Hayes appointed him a member of the first Supreme Court Commission of Ohio, serving until 1879. In 1876, he was also appointed a trustee of Ohio University.
In 1879, Johnson was again nominated by the Republicans for Supreme Court Judge, and defeated incumbent Democrat William J. Gilmore. Johnson was re-elected in 1884, but resigned November 9, 1886 due to ill health. He died March 2, 1887. He died at Ironton, and is buried at Woodland Cemetery.
On October 26, 1854, Johnson married Ella Blocksom, daughter of judge William Blocksom of Zanesville. They had two children, one of whom survived. Johnson was a Royal Arch Mason.
# Htamin jin

Htamin jin (Burmese: ထမင်းချဉ်‌, pronounced; also spelt htamin gyin; lit. 'sour rice') is a Burmese dish of fermented rice. It is the regional specialty and signature dish of the Intha people of Inle Lake in Shan State, Myanmar.
The dish consists of either fresh or fermented rice, kneaded with boiled fish (usually caught from the Inle Lake, such as nga gyin), fresh tomato paste, mashed boiled potatoes and garlic garnish. Highland Shan rice, similar to Japanese rice, is used alongside the creamier Shan potatoes, giving the dish a very rich texture.
Garlic chives roots, garlic oil and crispy garlic garnish are added as a final touch. Htamin Jin is usually served with roasted chili flakes in oil.
# Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 100 metres T47

The men's T47 100 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 - 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
| World record | Petrúcio Ferreira (BRA) | 10.29 | São Paulo, Brazil | May 31, 2022 |
| Parapan American Games record | Petrúcio Ferreira (BRA) | 10.39 | Santiago, Chile | November 24, 2023 |
| Americas record | Petrúcio Ferreira (BRA) | 10.39 | Santiago, Chile | November 24, 2023 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| November 24, 2023 | 18:57 | Semifinals |
| November 25, 2023 | 16:10 | Final |

## Results

All times shown are in seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | PR | Parapan Games record | NR | National record | SB | Seasonal best | DQ | Disqualified |

### Semifinals

The fastest two athletes of each semifinal advance to the final. The results were as follows:
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Petrúcio Ferreira | Brazil | 10.39 | Q, PR |
| 2 | 1 | Raciel González | Cuba | 10.79 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Washington Assis | Brazil | 10.79 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Tanner Wright | United States | 10.98 | Q, SB |
| 5 | 2 | José Alexandre Martins | Brazil | 11.07 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | Joan Daniel Lasso | Colombia | 11.20 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Cristian Mejia | Dominican Republic | 11.32 | q, SB |
| 8 | 2 | Rayven Sample | United States | 11.49 | q |
| 9 | 1 | Alberto Piriz | Argentina | 11.57 | SB |
| 10 | 2 | Matías Puebla | Argentina | 12.27 | SB |
| 11 | 1 | Gerber Ayala | El Salvador | 12.35 | SB |
| | 1 | José Alejandro Messu | Colombia | DNS | |

### Final

The results were as follows:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 6 | Petrúcio Ferreira | Brazil | 10.34 |
| | 3 | Washington Assis | Brazil | 10.63 |
| | 5 | Raciel González | Cuba | 10.70 |
| 4 | 7 | Tanner Wright | United States | 10.91 |
| 5 | 4 | José Alexandre Martins | Brazil | 11.05 |
| 6 | 8 | Joan Daniel Lasso | Colombia | 11.10 |
| 7 | 1 | Cristian Mejia | Dominican Republic | 11.30 |
| 8 | 2 | Rayven Sample | United States | 11.56 |
# Blackhouse

A blackhouse (Irish: teach dubh; Scottish Gaelic: t(a)igh-dubh) is a traditional type of house which used to be common in Ireland, the Hebrides, and the Scottish Highlands.

## Origin of the name

The origin of the name blackhouse is of some debate. On the Isle of Lewis, in particular, it seems to have been used to distinguish the older blackhouses from some of the newer white-houses (Irish: teach bán, teach geal; Scottish Gaelic: taigh-geal), with their harled (rendered) stone walls. There may also be some confusion arising from the phonetic similarity between the dubh, meaning black, and tughadh, meaning thatch.

## Description

The buildings were generally built with double wall dry-stone walls packed with earth, and were roofed with wooden rafters covered with a thatch of turf with cereal straw or reed. The floor was generally flagstones or packed earth and there was a central hearth for the fire. There was no chimney for the smoke to escape through. Instead the smoke made its way through the roof. This led to the soot blackening of the interior which may also have contributed to the adoption of the name blackhouse.
The blackhouse was used to accommodate livestock as well as people. People lived at one end and the animals lived at the other with a partition between them.

## Lewis blackhouse

Although the Lewis blackhouses have a look of real antiquity, most of the upstanding ruins were built less than 150 years ago. Many were still roofed until the 1970s but without the necessary annual repairs deteriorated rapidly; as people moved into more modern dwellings with indoor plumbing and better heating, most have fallen into ruin. However, blackhouses are increasingly being restored, especially for use as holiday accommodation.
The blackhouses on Lewis have roofs thatched with cereal straw over turf and thick, stone-lined walls with an earthen core. Roof timbers rise from the inner face of the walls providing a characteristic ledge at the wall head (tobhta). This gives access to the roof for thatching. Both the animals and occupants shared the same door, living at different ends of the same space. Several long ranges, or rooms, were usually built alongside each other, each one having its own ridgeline, giving them the very distinctive look of the Lewis blackhouse.
The immediate origins of the blackhouse are unclear, as few pre-eighteenth century examples have ever been excavated. One reason for this is that, unlike their later counterparts, the early examples may have been made of turf and thatch and quickly returned to the earth once abandoned. As one of the most primitive forms of the North Atlantic longhouse tradition, it is very probable that the roots of the blackhouse, in which cattle and humans shared the same roof, is well over 1000 years old. The Lewis examples have clearly been modified to survive in the tough environment of the Outer Hebrides. Low rounded roofs, elaborately roped, were developed to resist the strong Atlantic winds, and walls were made thick to provide insulation and support the sideways forces of the short driftwood roof timbers.