OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# M34 grenade

The M34 white phosphorus smoke grenade or "Willie Pete" was a smoke / incendiary grenade manufactured by Rocky Mountain Arsenal from the late 1950s and used by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War and was also used during the First Gulf War. The M34 WP Grenade replaced the World War II M15 WP grenade. The M34 could be fired from a rifle grenade launcher using M2-series grenade launching adapters due to the groove around the tapered base, which allowed the adapter arms to grasp it. In contrast, the M15 could not be fired as a rifle grenade. The M34 had a segmented body to allow for a better hand grip and to identify it as a casualty-producing grenade, even though fragmentation was not its primary damage mechanism. The smooth-bodied M15 was sometimes assumed to be a burning-type smoke grenade, and this sometimes resulted in injuries.

## The grenade

The M34 had a prescored cylindrical steel body with a conical base designed for compatibility with the M1 rifle grenade adapter using M195 blanks for the M7 launcher or any 22mm NATO diameter rifle/carbine barrels. It contained 15 ounces of white phosphorus with a small bursting charge to rupture the body and dispense the WP, which would ignite when it came in contact with air. When detonated the body simply split open. The M34 used an M206A2 Fuse. Overall the grenade weighed a total of 27 ounces. The M34 could be used for target marking, screening (it created a rapidly developing smoke screen), or clearing fortifications, rooms, and other enclosures. It could not be thrown as far as fragmentation grenades owing to its weight and stray burning WP gobs and particles could be blown back on friendly troops.
Grenades manufactured prior to the adoption of NATO STANAG 2321 in 1987 (which standardized ammunition color coding for rounds larger than 20mm) had a light gray body, yellow band, and black markings. Later STANAG-compliant grenades were light green (indicating a smoke / marker round) with a yellow band (indicating they contain an explosive charge), and red markings.

## Users

* Philippines
* United States
# Kalaya

Kalaya (Pashto: کلايه, Urdu: کلایہ) is a town in Orakzai District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (formerly part of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas) of Pakistan. It is located at 33°44'44"N 70°57'35"E with an altitude of 1645 meters. It is currently the winter administrative capital of Orakzai District, and is located in Lower Orakzai Tehsil. The summer administrative capital is Ghiljo Bazar. The town is populated by ethnic Pashtuns who speak the Pashto language and follow Sunni Islam.
# Wilhelm-Diess-Gymnasium

Wilhelm-Diess-Gymnasium (WDG) is a gymnasium (senior high school/sixth form college) in Pocking, Bavaria, Germany.
In 2015 accommodations for 200 Syrian refugees from the 2015 crisis were established adjacent to the school's gymnasium (athletic facility). Athletic classes were relocated to a primary school. In addition the headmaster asked female students to not wear short skirts, short shorts, and revealing blouses. Some of the school's parents reacted negatively to the clothing suggestion and the suggestion was discussed in the media.
The leader of the school is Stefan Stadler.
# J. Wayne Littles

Jerrol Wayne Littles (born July 14, 1939) was the eighth director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He served as director from February 3, 1996, to January 3, 1998.

## Early life

Littles was born in Moultrie, Georgia, in 1939.

## Education

* Attended Moultrie High School, graduating in 1957.
* Graduated from Georgia Tech in 1962 with a BME; Phi Eta Sigma, Pi Tau Sigma, Tau Beta Pi and Briaerean societies.
* Mechanical engineering master's degree from the University of Southern California in 1964.
* Doctorate from the University of Texas at Austin, mechanical engineering, in 1969.
* Harvard University, Boston, MA, six-week Advanced Management Program in 1990.

## Early career

* Aerospace Engineer, North American Aviation, 1962
* Rocketdyne in Canoga Park, California, worked in the propulsion area 1962-1964
* Research Engineer, Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1964

## NASA career

Prior to his appointment as center director, Littles served as NASA associate administrator for the Office of Space Flight (1994–1996). Littles began his NASA career in 1967 when he worked as an engineer in Marshall's former Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Directorate. He worked in various capacities at the Marshall Center, including science engineering director (1988–1989) and center deputy director (1989–1994) before transferring to NASA Headquarters in 1994, as chief engineer. Littles was involved in the redesign of the space shuttle solid rocket booster, blamed for the Challenger disaster in 1986. Littles was also a witness for the Rogers Commission, which investigated the challenger Disaster
During his two years as Center Director, Dr. Littles' administration was responsible for the space lab mission, the space science projects, alternative light-weight launch vehicles, and their engine development. He retired from NASA in 1998.
Littles is a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
# Himanshi Rathi

Himanshi Bhaveshbhai Rathi (born 30 October 1999) is an Indian para chess player from Gujarat. She was part of the Indian team for the women's chess B1 category at the 2022 Asian Para Games at Hangzhou, China. She is a visually challenged chess player. Along with Sanskruti More, Vruthi Jain, the trio won the women's team rapid VI-B1 bronze medal.

## Early life

Himanshi is from Ahmedabad. She is born to Bhavesh Rathi, a business man, and Dipali Rathi. Her sister Urvi is a gymnast with visual impairment. After she lost her sight in her Class 10, she started playing chess to develop concentration. She passed her BA in English with gold medal from Gujarat University. Before the Asian Para Games, she trained under coach Hemal Thanki.

## Career

She won the All Indian Chess Federation for the Blind National Women's Chess Championship 2022, where the top three players were selected to the Indian team for the Asian Para Games. She was also the National champion in 2019 and 2020. Her early coaches were Ashwin Makwana and Hemal Thanki and Jalpan Bhatt.
# Manuel Chang

Manuel Chang (Chinese: 曼努埃尔·郑; born 22 August 1955 in Gaza Province) is a Mozambican economist and former politician of the FRELIMO party. From 2005 to 2015 he served as the Minister of Economy and Finance in the cabinet of President Armando Guebuza. He replaced Luísa Diogo as Finance Minister in February 2005. His work as Finance Minister was intertwined in a debt scandal. In January 2015 when President Filipe Nyusi assumed office he replaced Chang as Finance Minister with Adriano Maleiane.

## Debt scandal

Three state-owned Mozambique companies were created to exploit the county's marine resources; Proindicus was to perform coastal surveillance, Ematun was to engage in tuna fishing and MAM was to build and maintain shipyards. Debt problems began in 2013, when the Abu Dhabi-based shipbuilding and offshore construction company, Privinvest, obtained a $366 million contract with Proindicus, financed by IMF loans. The loans for this and other marine projects were requested by State Information and Security Service (SISE). As Finance Minister Chang confirmed to Swiss bankers that proceeds from a state loan should be paid to a commercial broker instead of to the Mozambique Central Bank. Chang guaranteed loans, that were illegal under Mozambique law, and kept these loans secret even from other cabinet members. In 2016 a default on Eurobonds issued by the Mozambican government to hide these and other unpaid loans first brought these actions to public attention.
Chang was arrested in December 2018 in South Africa for his part in diverting loan funds, based upon an indictment in the United States. His extradition to the U.S. was delayed when the government of Mozambique also filed a competing request for extradition. However, in February 2020 Mozambique withdrew its request, and Chang was extradited to the United States on July 12, 2023. The trial against him began in July 2024. On August 8, 2024, a federal jury convicted him of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and conspiracy to commit money laundering for his role in a $2 billion fraud, bribery and money laundering scheme that enabled investments in the United States and elsewhere. On 17 January 2025, Chang was sentenced to 8.5 years' imprisonment.
# 55th Infantry Division (South Korea)

The 55th Homeland Defense Infantry Division (Korean: 제55향토보병사단) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Army. The division is subordinated to the Ground Operations Command and headquartered in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province. It is in charge of local defense and reserve force training in the southeastern part of Gyeonggi and the Seoul Metropolitan Area. During the wartime, it functions as the regional reserve force in case the main army failed to stop the North Korean invasion through the front line.

## History

It was founded under the name of 63rd Army Training Group in 1975. The unit isginia has a torch on it, which is also the origin of its nickname. At that time, subordinate units were also in Suwon and Pyeongtaek. In 1978, some subordinate units were incorporated into the 99th Brigade (now 51st Division) under the 33rd Infantry Division, which had moved to Hwaseong.

## Organization

* Headquarters:
** Engineer Battalion
** Mobile Battalion
** 965th Artillery Battalion
** Signal Battalion
** Recruit Training Battalion
** Military Band Unit
** Military Police Unit
** Medical Unit
** Intelligence Company
** CBR Unit
** Air Defense Company
** Headquarters Company
* 170th Infantry Brigade
** HQ
** Maneuver Company
** Logistics Support Battalion
** 1st Battalion 'Gwangju/Hanam'
** 2nd Battalion 'Namyangju/Guri'
** 3rd Battalion 'Seongnam'
* 171st Infantry Brigade
** HQ
** Maneuver Company
** Logistics Support Battalion
** 1st Battalion 'Icheon'
** 2nd Battalion 'Yeoju'
** 3rd Battalion 'Yangpyong'
* 172nd Infantry Brigade
** HQ
** Maneuver Company
** Logistics Support Battalion
** 1st Battalion 'Tango'
** 2nd Battalion 'Anseong'
** 3rd Battalion 'Yongin'
# Lachlan Jones

Lachlan Stuart Jones, OAM (born 4 March 1977) is a former Australian Paralympic athlete. He was born in Melbourne, and has cerebral palsy. At the 1996 Atlanta Games, he won a gold medal in the Men's 100 m T32 event with a world record time of 0:19.90, for which he received a Medal of the Order of Australia. He also participated without winning any medals at the 2000 Sydney and 2004 Athens Games. In 2000, he received an Australian Sports Medal.
# Olearia colensoi

Olearia colensoi, commonly known as tūpare (from the Māori tūpare) or leatherwood, is a sub-alpine shrub that is endemic to New Zealand. Other names it is known by in Māori are kūmarahou and kūmararaunui.
Olearia colensoi can grow into a tree 10 metres high that has thick, serrated leaves. The bark is light brown and papery with branches covered in woolly hairs. The flowers are typically dark red or yellow.
# Ilonda Lūse

Ilonda Lūse (born 11 July 1972) is a Latvian speed skater. She competed at the 1994, 1998 and the 2002 Winter Olympics.

## Biography
### Early and education

Ilonda Luce, born 11 July 1972, in Riga(Soviet Union), was the first Latvian skater to compete internationally since Latvia's independence in 1991 skater. She completed her studies at Riga Technical University (RTU) and is currently pursuing further education at the Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LSPA).
Ilonda Luse, Lūse débuted at the 1994 European Championships at age 22, and took part in the Lillehammer Olympics that same year, finishing 25th in the 3,000 m. Lūse, a former chemical student, participated in seven European Championships and three World Championships, but never made the final distance. She also took part in one World Sprint Championship (32nd, 1998) and one World Single Distance Championships, in 2001, where she was disqualified in the 5,000 m.

## Achievements

* Finished in 26th position in 1995, 26th place in 1996, and 30th place in 1997 at the world championships in all-around.
* Start in sprint all-around at the World Championship: 1998; 32nd place.
* In the all-around division, she started the European Championships in 1994 in 22nd position, 1995 in 20th place, 1996 in 24th place, 1997 in 24th place, 1999 in 21st place, and 2000 in 18th place.

### Olympic achievement

* In Lillehammer, Norway, 1994 XVII, she took 25th place in the 3000 m speed skating competition.
* In Nagano, Japan, 1998 XVIII; Skating 39th place in the 1000m speed skating event, Skating Speed skating 32nd place in 1500m, and Skating 28th position in 3000m speed skating.
* In Salt Lake City, US, 2002 XIX she took 35th place in 1500m speed skating and 30th place in the 3000m speed skating competition.
# Buru Sports Club

Buru Sports Club, is a Maldivian professional football club based in Machchangolhi in the city of Malé.

## Club history

Founded in 2008, the club has participated in numerous sports, including the Bashi Tournament, Baibalaa, football, and handball. The club's journey has seen it rise from the 2nd division to claim the top spot in the 1st division of football.Buru gained their promotion in, winning the 2021 Third Division. They earned back to back promotion and reached the top tier of Maldives, winning the 2022 Second Division and securing second in the 2023 Dhivehi Premier League play-off.

### Achievements

The club has a history of success in various competitions:
Champions in Baibalaa: 2007, 2018, and reigning champions in the Baibalaa 1445 tournament in 2024. Promoted from the 2nd division to the 1st division in football, achieving top honors.from the 2nd division to claim the top spot in the 1st division of football.Buru gained their promotion in, winning the 2021 Third Division. They earned back to back promotion and reached the top tier of Maldives, winning the 2022 Second Division and securing second in the 2023 Dhivehi Premier League play-off

## Honours
### League

* Second Division
** Winners: 2022
* Third Division
** Winners: 2021
# Omar Ciss

Omar Ciss (born 4 August 2001) is a Senegalese footballer who currently plays for Charlotte Independence in the USL League One.

## Career
### Montverde Academy

Ciss was part of the Florida-based Montverde Academy.

### Austin Bold

On 21 April 2020, Ciss signed for USL Championship team Austin Bold. He made his debut on 17 July 2020, starting in a 3-1 loss to OKC Energy.

### Charlotte Independence

On 5 April 2022, Ciss joined Charlotte Independence in the USL League One, signing a one-year contract.
# Scarpini

Scarpini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Celso Scarpini (1944–2022), Brazilian basketball player
* Pietro Scarpini (1911–1997), Italian pianist
# Mester utca

Mester utca (Hungarian pronunciation:) is a 2-kilometre main street in the district of Ferencváros, Budapest, Hungary. It connects Ferenc körút and Könyves Kálmán körút via Haller utca, dividing Mid-Ferencváros into two unequal sections. Its name derives from "mester", meaning master, which refers back to the fact that the street used to host numerous artisan's workshops.

## Buildings

The street's buildings include:
* Fáy András Secondary School (car mechanics)
* Teleki Blanka Secondary School (economics, finance)
* Szent István Secondary School (economics; also famous for its specialisation in football)
* József Attila Primary School (Attila József, one of the most outstanding Hungarian poets attended a few classes here)
* Szent Vince church (catholic)
* Mester utca 1 (Latinovits Zoltán, the great Hungarian actor, used to live here)
* Lurdy Ház, a shopping mall
* Archives for Pest Megye

## Description

The street is lined by plane trees, most of which date back to the early 20th century. The street is full of cafeterias, small snack outlets and shops of all kind.
Besides planes, red-brick is a hallmark of Mester utca. Many residential blocks are made of red brick, which tendency has continued up to this day, with some of the new houses also exposing brickwork.
Red brick buildings include:
* Mester utca 12 (1910s)
* Mester utca 20 (1920s)
* Mester utca 22 (1920s)
* Mester utca 24-28 (2008)
* Mester utca 30 (2002) (office block Páva)
* Mester utca 40-44 (2004)
* Mester utca 49 (1930s) District Health Centre
* Mester utca 67 (1900s) József Attila Primary School

## Transportation

Mester utca is well-served by public transport. It can be reached by trams 4 and 6 (stop Mester utca/Ferenc körút) on the northern end. From the south one can get there by taking tram 1 (stop Mester utca, Könyves Kálmán körút). Tram 24 and bus 281 crosses Mester utca at its intersection with Haller utca (stop Haller utca/Mester utca).
Tram lines 51 (recently renamed from 30) and 51A (recently renamed from 30A) run along Mester utca from 5 in the morning till 11.30 at night (terminus at Mester utca/Ferenc körút, stops at Bokréta utca, Ferencvárosi rendelőintézet, Haller utca/Mester utca by Haller park, Vágóhíd utca by Haller park, Mester utca/Könyves Kálmán körút). Tram 51A has its other terminus at Mester utca/Könyves Kálmán körút whereas tram 51 continues along Gubacsi út to Pesterzsébet, the 20th district of Budapest.
Night bus 923 also runs along Mester utca.
# Éljen a Magyar!

Éljen a Magyar! (Hungarian:, "Long live the Magyar!"), Op. 332, is a polka composed by Johann Strauss II. It was first performed at the Redoutensaal building in Pest in March 1869, two years after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The work was dedicated "to the Hungarian Nation". The coda of the work features a fleeting quotation from the Rákóczi March, which Hector Berlioz had earlier utilised in his La damnation de Faust.
# Hungarian Orienteering Federation

The Hungarian Orienteering Federation (Hungarian: Magyar Tájékozódási Futó Szövetség, pronounced, MTFSZ) is the governing body for orienteering in Hungary. It is recognized as Hungary's national orienteering association by the International Orienteering Federation (IOF), of which it is a member.

## History

The federation was established in 1957, and was among the ten founding members of IOF in 1961.
The Hungarian Orienteering Federation hosted the World Orienteering Championships in 1983, when the championships were held in Zalaegerszeg in western Hungary. They also hosted the world championships in 2009.
Hungary first participated in international orienteering championship in 1962. Their female team won a silver medal in the relay at the 1970 World Orienteering Championships, and a bronze medal in 1976, and the men's team won a bronze medal in 1972. Among Hungarian individual world champions are Sarolta Monspart (1972), Katalin Oláh (1991 and 1995).
# Reversing Falls

The Reversing Falls are a series of rapids on the Saint John River, located in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, where the river runs through a narrow gorge before emptying into the Bay of Fundy.
The semidiurnal tides of the bay force the flow of water to reverse against the prevailing current when the tide is high. However, during the spring freshet, this reversal is often surpassed by the downstream volume of water. The rapids, or "falls,” are created by a series of underwater ledges which roil the water in either direction, causing a significant navigation hazard, despite the water's depth. As a result, vessels wishing to enter or exit from the river must wait for slack tide.
The Reversing Falls have also been an important industrial site for over a century. The Canadian Pacific Railway constructed the Reversing Falls Railway Bridge in 1885 and this structure was replaced in 1922; it is currently used by the New Brunswick Southern Railway. The railway bridge crosses the gorge immediately downstream from the falls, parallel to the Reversing Falls Road Bridge.
The location of the falls was once home to a foundry and other light industrial operations on the east side of the gorge, while a large pulp mill lies on the west side. J.D. Irving, the company which has operated the pulp mill since purchasing it in the late 1940s, has faced criticism in recent decades for maintaining the facility at what is viewed as one of Saint John's prime tourism locations. This criticism became most pronounced during the 1980s and 1990s when the city government developed Fallsview Park on the former industrial foundry lands on the east side of the gorge. The Falls were even given the dubious distinction by one publication of being among the worst tourist attractions in the world.
During the late 1990s, a tourist business was established, offering jet boat rides on the river in the vicinity of the falls; however, the boats did not operate in the roughest areas, which experience a significant drop in water level over a very short distance. The business closed at the end of the 2013 season after 19 years. The operators typically stayed in the choppy waters immediately downstream and attempted to soak passengers by driving through small whirlpools at the base of the railway bridge. Another more recent development at the Reversing Falls has been its growing use as a whitewater kayaking location, made unique by the changes in the formation of the rapids during incoming or outgoing tides. 45°15′37″N 66°05′24″W﻿ / ﻿45.26028°N 66.09000°W﻿ / 45.26028; -66.09000
* The falls flowing inbound
* The falls slack, 38 minutes after the previous picture was taken
* The falls flowing outbound, 15 minutes after the slack picture was taken, and 53 minutes after the first of the series was taken
# Aquincum

Aquincum (Latin:, Hungarian:) was an ancient city, situated on the northeastern borders of the province of Pannonia within the Roman Empire. The ruins of the city can be found today in Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. It is believed that Marcus Aurelius wrote at least part of his book Meditations at Aquincum.

## History

Aquincum was originally settled by the Eravisci, a Celtic tribe. Aquincum served as a military base (castrum), having been part of the Roman border protection system called limes. Around AD 41–54, a 500-strong cavalry unit arrived, and a Roman legion of 6,000 men (Legio II Adiutrix) was stationed there by AD 89. The city gradually grew around the fortress, and after Pannonia was reorganised by the Romans in AD 103, Aquincum became the capital city of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior, holding that position until the administrative reform of Diocletian, more than a hundred years later. Under Hadrian, the city obtained municipal status, while under Septimius Severus, Aquincum became a colonia.
Being the centre of operations on the Roman frontier against the neighbouring Iazyges, Aquincum was occasionally the headquarters of emperors.
The city had at least 30,000 inhabitants by the end of the 2nd century, and covered a significant part of the area today known as the Óbuda district within Budapest. Ruins from the old Roman settlement can be seen in other parts of Budapest as well, notably Contra-Aquincum. These Roman structures were, during the 2nd and 3rd century AD, the heart of the commercial life of the Pannonia province. The excavations show evidence of the lifestyle of this period. From the beginning of the 3rd century Christianity began to spread in the city.
During the middle of the 4th century, the territory of Aquincum was under constant Sarmatian attacks from the north. The decline of the Roman Empire also affected Aquincum, and the ancient city was largely destroyed by 350 AD. Germans and the Huns invaded the region during 409 AD.

## Settlement buildings

People living in the settlement could enjoy the achievements of the Empire, like central heating in the houses, public baths, a Mithraeum and palaces, The most important monuments in Aquincum are the two amphitheatres: the Aquincum Civil Amphitheatre and the Aquincum Military Amphitheatre, built in the 1st century AD. These were venues for gladiatorial combats and beast fights.

## Aquincum Museum

Many historic artifacts from the city now appear in the Aquincum Museum. The museum exhibits a reconstruction of the hydraulic system. Roman houses and paintings that have been recovered on site. The ruins of a three-level aqueduct have been discovered around the city, many of which can be seen to this day.