OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Royal University of Law and Economics

The Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE) is one of the oldest higher educational institutions in Cambodia.
RULE was established in 1949 as the National Institute of Law, Politics and Economics. In 2003, the institute was officially deemed a university.

## Background

RULE is the first higher education institution in Cambodia. It was founded in 1948 as the National Institute of Law, Politics and Economics. In 1957 the institute became the faculty by Royal Decree. In 2003 the Faculty of Law and Economics was reorganized as a university, under the name of Royal University of Law and Economics. Other disciplines of social and natural sciences, such as language and computer sciences have been added to the curriculum.
The university has four faculties, two graduate schools and one center, teaching law, economics and business.

## Staff and students

In , there were 4,800 undergraduate students studying in the four faculties, among them were 1,478 female students. Newly established graduate schools accommodate 507 graduate students. There are 84 full-time and 112 visiting Cambodian lecturers and 70 foreign lecturers who give lectures under the academic exchange programmes.

## Academic programmes

The educational term/grade level system has been divided into semesters, with eight semesters in the period of four years for bachelor's degree programme.

## Undergraduate degree programmes
### Faculty of Law

* Law (in Khmer)
* Law (in English)
* Law (in Trilingual: Khmer, English and French)
* Law in Japanese
* Law in Chinese and Khmer

### Faculty of Public Administration

* Bachelor's in Public Administration
* Bachelor's in International Relations (English Program)

### Faculty of Economics and Management

* Bachelor in Economics
* Bachelor of Business Administration
* Bachelor in Accounting
* Bachelor in Finance and Banking

### Faculty of Information Economics

* Bachelor in Information Economics

## Graduate degree programmes
### Graduate School of Law

* Master of Public Administration (MPA)
* Master in Private Law (MPL)
* Master in International Business Law and Corporate Counsel (MIB)

### Graduate School of Economics and Management

* Master of Business Administration (MBA)
* Master of Business Administration in Finance (MBA-Finance)
* Master of Business Administration in Marketing (MBA-Marketing)
* Master in Tourism Management

## Notable alumni

* Veasna Chea Leth - activist and the first woman from Cambodia to graduate with a law degree.
* Heng Vong Bunchhat - former dean of the faculty until 1975
# Doun Penh section

Doun Penh or Daun Penh (Khmer: ដូនពេញ, Don Pénh, lit. "Grandmother Penh") is a major district (khan) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Many major businesses in Phnom Penh like Sorya Shopping Center and Mokod Pich Jewelry Enterprise are located here. The district has an area of 7.44 km$^2$ (2.87 sq mi). According to the 2019 census of Cambodia, it had a population of 155,069.
The district is the commercial hub of Phnom Penh, marked by the Central Market with its unique art deco architecture and several major roads which emanate from and pass near the market. The district is subdivided into 11 sangkats and 134 kroms.

## Administration

| No. | Sangkat | Postal Code |
| 1 | Srah Chak | 12201 |
| 2 | Wat Phnom | 12202 |
| 3 | Phsar Chas | 12203 |
| 4 | Phsar Kandal I | 12204 |
| 5 | Phsar Kandal II | 12205 |
| 6 | Chey Chumneas | 12206 |
| 7 | Chaktomuk | 12207 |
| 8 | Phsar Thmey I | 12208 |
| 9 | Phsar Thmey II | 12209 |
| 10 | Phsar Thmey III | 12210 |
| 11 | Boeng Reang | 12211 |

### Places of interest

* Khalandale Mall Phnom Penh
* FCC Phnom Penh
* Independence Monument
* National Museum of Cambodia
* Norodom Sihanouk Memorial
* Royal Railway Station
* Phsar Thom Thmey
* Royal Palace of Cambodia
* Silver Pagoda
* Sisowath Quay
* Sorya Shopping Center
* Wat Botum
* Wat Ounalom
* Wat Phnom

## Education

* Lycée français René Descartes de Phnom Penh in Wat Phnom sangkat
In 2014, due to the large numbers of schools in the areas, there are congestion problems when the schools dismiss classes.
# Triple fff Brewery

Triple fff Brewery is a small independent brewer of real ale based in Four Marks, Hampshire, England, founded in September 1997. They produce beers of styles including bitters, milds and stouts. They own three pubs, the Railway Arms in Alton, The White Lion in Aldershot and The Artillery Arms in Portsmouth.
Triple fff was launched by Graham Trott, and his partner Frank. They installed a five barrel plant in one of the units vacated by the now closed Magpie Furniture factory on Station Approach in the village of Four Marks. Graham (a skilled Cabinet Maker by trade) started his career at Magpie Furniture and once the company closed down, he saw an opportunity to turn his hobby into a profession.
Graham and Frank took a musical theme for their brewery. Naming it Triple fff which stands for fortississimo and means "very very loud". Franks share of the business was bought out after a few years by Graham.
The beer names came from song titles of 1960's rock icons, Van Morrison, Led Zeppelin and Cream with Moondance (4.2%ABV), Stairway (4.6%ABV) and Pressed Rat and Warthog (3.8%ABV). Other beer names brewed by Triple fff include Midnight Rambler, Hunky Dory and Comfortably Numb.
The year 2000 saw an expansion into an 18 Barrel plant and in 2006 the brewery became a 50 Barrel system brewing over 31,000 pints a week and opened their onsite shop. In November 2017 the brewery launched their onsite bar.
The brewery produces real ale. Their beers include:
* Moondance - one of their original beers.
* Alton's Pride - a golden brown session bitter.
* Pressed Rat and Warthog
* Stairway - a pale brown ale
* Little Red Rooster - a rich, dark beer from a combination of pale and dark malts
Triple fff also produce a beer from a recipe by Gilbert White, the famous naturalist born in 1720 in nearby Selborne. The recipe uses hops and smoked barley.
# Krom

Krom may refer to:
* Krom (ក្រុម), one of the Administrative divisions of Cambodia
* Krom (กรม), a Thai-language term which may refer to:
** Krom, each of the Thai government ministries under the historical chatusadom system
** Krom, a form of Thai royal title
** Krom, a type of Thai government agency, translated as department
* Krom River, a river in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa
* Kampuchea Krom, a region of the Mekong Delta now part of Vietnam
** Khmer Krom, the ethnic Khmer people of that region
* Phnom Krom, a hill close to Siem Reap, Cambodia
* Pskov Krom, an ancient citadel in Pskov, Russia
* Krom Stone House and Dutch Barn, a historic home and Dutch barn located at Rochester in Ulster County, New York

## People

* Krom Hendricks, South African cricketer
* Krom Ngoy (Poet Ou; 1865–1936), Khmer poet
* Beth Krom (born 1958), American politician
* Toomas Krõm (born 1971), Estonian football player
# Rumduol District

Rumduol (Khmer: រំដួល), lit. 'Metralla mesnyi flower' is a district located in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The district is subdivided into 10 khums and 78 phums. According to the 1998 census of Cambodia, it has a population of 49,384.

## Toponymy

Rumduol (Khmer: រំដួល [rumɗuəl]) is derived from the Rumduol flower, scientifically known as Metrella mesnyi. The plant was proclaimed Cambodia's national flower in 2005 by royal decree, and is of cultural and ecological importance. Rumduol is not only a symbol of beauty but also holds cultural and medicinal significance. Several places in Cambodia share the name, reflecting the flower's prominence in the country.
# Banan district, Battambang

Banan (Khmer: បាណន់) is a district (srok) in Battambang Province in north-western Cambodia.

## Administration

The district is subdivided into 8 communes (khum) and 72 villages (phum).

### Communes and villages

| Khum (Communes) | Phum (Villages) |
| Kantueu Muoy | Thmei, Tuol Thnong, Svay Prey, Svay Bei Daeum, Kampong Ampil, Sasar Pok, Voat Kantueu |
| Kantueu Pir | Post Kantueu, Chamkar Ou, Banan, Kampang Lech, Kampang Kaeut, Chhay Rumpoat, Phnom Kul |
| Bay Damram | Tuol Chranieng, Kampong Chaeng, Kanhchroang, Krala Peas, Bay Damram, Ta Song, Sdau, Prey Totueng |
| Chheu Teal | Kampong Chamlang, Chheu Teal, Kampong Srama, Khnar, Enteak Chit, Bat Sala, Bay Damram, Svay Prakeab, Chhak Pou, Anlong Ta Mei, Chamkar Svay, Thkov, Praboh, Doung, Anlok Kaong |
| Chaeng Mean Chey | Rung, Chaeng, Kampong Kol Thmei, Thngor, Boh Khnor, Changhour Svay, Doang |
| Phnum Sampov | Chaeng Kdar, Kampov, Kouk Ampil, Sivuthea Kann, Sampov Kaeut, Samnanh, Kdaong, Krapeu Cheung, Krapeu Tboung, Krapeu Kaeut |
| Snoeng | Samraong, Kor, Snoeng Lech, Snoeng Kaeut, Boeng Chaeng, Boeng Prei, Peak Sbaek, Preah Srae, Rumchey, Sambuor Meas, Boeng Krasal |
| Ta Kream | Paoy Svay, Ta Kream, Thmei, Ou Pong Moan, Ta Ngaen, Prey Phdau, Ou Ta Nhea, Anlong Svay, Dangkut Thnong, Slab Pang, Andong Neang |
# Octo (automobile)

Octo was a French automobile manufactured at Courbevoie by Louis Vienne between 1921 and 1928.

## The business

Louis Vienne founded the company in the Avenue Marceau at Courbevoie in order to produce Octo branded cars. Production ended in 1928
(In the same year Vienne also established a second automobile brand at Courbevoie, but this car, the Carteret, did not last beyond 1922.)

## The cars

At the 15th Paris Motor Show, in October 1919, Octo were already displaying their "Octo Type A" which competed in the 10HP taxation class and sat on a 2,700 mm (106.3 in) wheelbase. It was powered by a 4-cylinder engine of 1,590 cc. The engine for these first Octo cars came from Ballot. At this time the manufacturer was quoting a price of 13,600 francs for a "Torpedo" bodied car.
By October 1924 the engine had been replaced by a 972 cc Ruby engine which placed the car in the 7HP class, and the wheelbase was reduced to 2,500 mm (98.4 in). This car was priced at 12,800 francs, which as before included a "Torpedo" body. Many Octos were delivered with 2-seater light bodies. Cars fitted with "Delivery vehicle" and "Roadster" bodies also appeared.
There was no Paris Motor Show in 1925, the venue being used instead for an Exhibition of Decorative Arts. At the 20th Paris Motor Show, in October 1926 Octo exhibited two models. The 7HP 4-cylinder 972 cc Ruby engine was again offered, now on a car with a chassis of 2,250 mm (88.6 in). There was also a 9HP powered by a 1097 cc Ruby engine and using a 2,600 mm (102.4 in) wheelbase. Another development for 1926 was the addition of front-wheel brakes. The manufacturer's advertised prices, which as before included simple "Torpedo" bodies with 2 places in the shorter car and 4 places in the longer one, were respectively 18,800 francs and 30,000 francs.

## Reading list

* Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie. United Soft Media Verlag, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8. (German)
* George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 3: P–Z. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, ISBN 1-57958-293-1. (English)
* George Nick Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours. Courtille, Paris 1975. (French)

## Sources and notes

* 1 2 3 Georgano, Nick (1968). The Complete Encyclopaedia of Motorcars 1885-1968. London: George Rainbird Ltd for Ebury Press Limited. p. 418.
* ↑ Linz, Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie.
* ↑ Georgano: The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile.
* ↑ Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours.
* 1 2 3 "Automobilia". Toutes les Voitures Françaises 1920 (Salon [Paris, Oct] 1919). Vol. 31. Paris: Histoire & collections. 2004. p. 73.
* 1 2 "Automobilia". Toutes les Voitures Françaises 1925 (Salon [Paris, Oct] 1924). Vol. 72s. Paris: Histoire & collections. 2005. p. 73.
* 1 2 3 "Automobilia". Toutes les Voitures Françaises 1927 (Salon [Paris, Oct] 1926). Vol. 78s. Paris: Histoire & collections. 2006. p. 74.
# Manikya Lal Verma

Manikya Lal Verma (Born on 4 December 1897 in a Mathur kayastha family) was a member of Constituent Assembly of India in 1949. He was prime minister of Rajasthan, India before full formation of the state. He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 from Chittorgarh and in 1952 from Tonk. He was recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1965.
He played pivotal role in Bijolia movement, a farmers agitation raised between 1919 and 1923 in Bhilwara. He remained in prison for several years being a freedom fighter. Verma was an untiring social activist. He played a vital role in promoting education among Tribes, other backward classes and women in southern Rajasthan. He founded Vimukt Janjaati sangh to promote social conditions of notified castes. This organisation established several hostels for notified caste students in Rajasthan. In Western border district's Simant (सीमान्त) Chatrawas were established on his initiative.
He died on 14 January 1969. His wife Smt. Narayni Devi was a member of Rajya Sabha and son Deen Bandhu Verma was a member of Loksabha from Udaipur constituency. His son in law Shiv Charan Mathur was also Chief Minister of Rajasthan for two terms.
The Manikya Lal Verma Textile and Engineering College was named after him. A huge garden at bank of Pichola lake, Udaipur is also named behind him.
Other details as per loksabha.nic.in ...
Social and Political worker; Secretary, Vidya Pracharini Sabha, Bijolia (1916); Organised Peasant Satyagraha against taxes and forced labour in 1918; Imprisoned in 1919, also 1923, thrice in 1927 and again in 1931; Interned at Kumbhalgarh in 1932-33 and expelled from Udaipur State in 1938 for establishing 'Praja Mandal' and conducting Satyagraha against the State and imprisoned again for one year, 1939; Participated in 'Quit India Movement'; Chairman of Reception Committee, All India States' People's Conference, 1945; Chief Minister of Rajasthan, 1948–49; President, Rajasthan State Congress Committee, 1951; Member, All India Congress Working Committee, 1952–54; President, Rajasthan Bhil Seva Mandal Vimukta Jati Sevak Sangh, 1954–55; Convener, All India Gadia Luhar Sammelan and Bharat Sevak Samaj, 1955–56; President, Gadiya Lohar Sewak Sangh, 1956–62, Rajasthan Adim Jati Sevak Sangh, 1957–62; Rajasthan Van Shramik Sahakari Sangh, 1959–62; Member, Constituent Assembly, 1947–50; Provisional Parliament, 1950–52; First Lok Sabha, 1952—57 and Second Lok Sabha, 1957–62.
Social activities: Organised Harijan Ashram at Nareli in Ajmer Merwara, 1934; Did constructive work among Bhils and Meenas of Rajasthan at Village Khadlai, Dungarpur State in August, 1934; Established Akal Pidit Seva Sangh, Mewar, 1940; Established Harijan Sevak Sangh and Bhil Seva Sangh in Udaipur; Established Mahila Ashram, Bhilwara, 1944; Established Rajasthan Kalbeliya Seva Sangh.
Special interests: Improvement of agriculture on modern lines; Establishment of Socialistic Society on the cooperative principles; Established three Tribes colony in Udaipur and Kota District and settled Gadia Lohars in Jodhpur, Nagor, Bikaner, Ajmer, Pali District and Banjaras in Bhilwara District, Kalbeliyas in Udaipur District.
# Sampov Lun District

Sampov Lun District (Khmer: សំពៅលូន, UNGEGN: Sâmpŏu Lun) is a district (srok) of Battambang Province, in northwestern Cambodia.

## Administration

The district is subdivided into six communes (khum).

### Communes and villages

| Khum (Commune) | Phum (Villages) |
| Sampov Lun | Thnal Bat, Thnal Bambaek, Kaoh Touch, Tuol Chrey |
| Angkor Ban | Kbal Hong, Pralay Prak, Andoung Pir, Tuek Phos, Tuek Thla |
| Ta Sda | Veal Vong, Ta Sda, Chamkar Lhong, Koun Phnum Cheung, Koun Phnum Tboung |
| Santepheap | Ou, Kilou Dabbei, Trapeang Prolit |
| Serei Mean Chey | Sralau Chrum, Chheu Teal, Pou Chrey, Ou Trav Chu |
| Chrey Seima | Ou Lvea, Spean Youl, Reaksmei, Kilou Prambuon, Chambak |
# Cillian Ryan

Professor Cillian Ryan is an academic economist, professor emeritus and former pro vice-chancellor at Nottingham Trent University.

## Career

Ryan received his BA and MA in economics from University College Dublin and his Ph.D. from the University of Western Ontario. From 2016-2024 he was pro vice-chancellor at Nottingham Trent University, holding a variety of portfolios including of Head of College of Business, Law & Social Sciences, NTU Global and international recruitment, and community and elite sport. Prior to that appointment, he was pro vice-chancellor at De Montfort University, Leicester (2014–2016), and was the founding dean of liberal arts & sciences at the University of Birmingham (2011–2014). Other roles at the University of Birmingham included deputy head of the College of Social Sciences, (2008–2014), head of the European Research Institute (2005–2008), director of the university's Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence (1998–2014), and holder of the Jean Monnet Chair in European Economics (1998–2014).
Ryan has advised the European Commission, UNCTAD, the WTO and many national governments on matters relating to trade in services, particularly financial services and financial service regulations, ranging from NAFTA in the 1980s to the present day. During the Conservative-Liberal coalition from 2010-2015 he was an advisor to the UK Cabinet Office on the UK Treasury and BIS EU Balance of Competencies Reviews. More recently he has provided advice on a range of post-Brexit trade agreement proposals relating to trade in education services.
He was the chair of the Leicestershire Police Ethics, Integrity and Complaints Committee (2015-2020), a member of the board of the Economics Network, an honorary professor at the University of Birmingham, and has served in a variety of capacities the Higher Education Academy, the European Jean Monnet Network, and the Royal Economics Society (including running the UK Royal Economics Society Easter School from 1992 to 2001).

## Research

His edited volumes include:
* "Financial Market Integration and Growth; Structural Change and Economic Dynamics in the European Union " P.J.J Welfens, Ryan, C, (eds). Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2011. ISBN 978-3-642-16273-2
* EU-ASEAN: Facing Economic Globalisation, P.J.J Welfens, Ryan, C, Chirathivat, S, and F Knipping (eds). Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2009, XVI, 246 p. 48 illus., ISBN 978-3-540-87388-4
* INTEGRATION IN ASIA AND EUROPE: Historical Dimensions, Comparative Analysis and Politico-Economic Dynamics, Chirathivat, S, Knipping, F, Ryan, C and P.J.J Welfens (eds). Springer-Verlag Heidelberg (2005).

## Awards

In 2008 he was the recipient of the EIIW European Economics Science Prize and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts in 2014.

## Personal life

Ryan was educated at Synge Street CBS and is the son of the former Irish Minister of Finance, Richie Ryan.
# Kamchay Mear District

Kamchay Mear (Khmer: កំចាយមារ; meaning "to chase away/disperse Mara") is a district located in Prey Veng Province, in south eastern Cambodia.
# SCG Boot

The Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus SCG Boot is a mid-size off-road vehicle produced by Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus from 2020.

## History

The Boot was developed by SCG, which also specializes in competing in the 24 Hours of Le Mans races and producing supercars. The benchmark was the Hurst Baja Boot off-road racing car, which was raced by Steve McQueen in the late 1960s. Following on from this vehicle, the SCG Boot gained distinctive proportions with clearly defined wheel arches, wide-tread off-road tires and quadruple round headlamps set back in line with the windshield.
The Boot was built in two body variants: shorter, two-door and two-seater, as well as an elongated, four-door and four-seater, which gives access to the rear row of seats through the so-called suicide doors. The Boot is equipped with both a 4-speed automatic transmission and a 6.2-liter V8 engine developed by the American automaker General Motors. The unit comes from the pony car Chevrolet Camaro and works with permanent four-wheel drive, which allows for easy driving in off-road conditions.
# Preah Sdach District

Preah Sdach (Khmer: ព្រះស្ដេច, pronounced; "Sacred Prince") is a district located in Prey Veng Province, in south eastern Cambodia. The most popular market of Preah Sdach District is Phsar Trea which is located in Trea Commune. The Japanese-Cambodian Friendship High School is also in this district.
# Kouk Ballangk

Kouk Ballangk (Khmer: គោកបល្ល័ង្ក) is a commune (khum) of Mongkol Borei District in Banteay Meanchey Province in northwestern Cambodia.

## Villages

* Kouk Ballangk
* Ta An
* Pralay Chrey
* Cheung Chab
* Phat Sanday
* Char Thmei
* Ph'av Thmei
* Ta Sal
# John Austin (cricketer)

John Austin (20 June 1871 – 2 November 1956) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for the Barbados cricket team in 1905/06.
# Edgar Allan Poe House (Lenoir, North Carolina)

The Edgar Allan Poe House is a historic home located in Caldwell County at 506 Main Street NW in Lenoir, North Carolina.
The two-story Dutch Colonial Revival style house with wraparound porch and gambrel roof was built in 1905 by Edgar Allan Poe, who was not the famous Boston poet born 1809. After finishing law school, Poe moved to Asheville in 1890 and worked as a carpenter with local architecture firm Alfonse, building structures in Hickory. Additionally Poe contributed to the beginning construction of Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate in Asheville. The business district in the town of Lenoir was founded in 1841. Growth was slow until the arrival of Chester & Lenoir Railroad in 1884, which boosted trade and industrial development. During this local industrial boom, Poe moved from his native home of Dallas, North Carolina, to Lenoir in 1893. Poe constructed several commercial buildings in Lenoir including the Courtney Building (1907) and the Lenoir Furniture and Hardware Building (1908). The largest contract attributed to Poe was the construction of the Caldwell County Courthouse (1903). In 1897 on October 28 Edgar Allan Poe married Eugenia Maude Miller, daughter of a pioneering family who moved to Caldwell County in the early 1890s. The Miller family owned property on North Main Street and built a house where Eugenia Maude lived until marriage. Poe built his first house in the neighborhood of his in-laws, on Scroggs Street. Poe's two children, Eugene Allan (1898-1964) and Carolyn Ransom (1903-1979), were born in the house on Scroggs Street. In 1905, the Poe family bought a half acre on North Main Street and began constructing their second home. This second house on North Main Street remained in ownership of the Poe family until August 1999. Poe was an active member of the community as an architect, a prolific builder, a lawyer, and the mayor of Lenoir for four years.
The home was restored by Joel Kincaid and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2001.
# Christian Albrecht Jackhelln

Christian Albrecht Jackhelln (28 July 1784 – 11 September 1868) was a Danish born, Norwegian merchant and politician.

## Biography

Christian was born in Aalborg, Denmark to Anton Heinrich von Jackhelln and Pauline Sofie Jegind. He settled in the parish of Bodin in Nordland, Norway where he established his own trading company, Christian Jakhelln AS. His company became one of the leading wholesaler and trade companies in Bodin from 1816 until his death in 1868. The firm was taken over by his son Carl Johan (1827–1902), and later by his grandson Christian Albrecht Jakhelln (1863–1945).
Jackhelln was a member of the first City Council and was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1833 from the constituency of Nordlands Amt. He was later re-elected in 1845 and 1851.

## Personal life

In 1816 he married Anne Fredrikke Winther (1796–1858), daughter of the district surgeon Johan Friederich Winter and his first wife Anne Margrethe Woche. They had 11 children.