OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carrolup, Western Australia

Carrolup is a rural locality of the Shire of Katanning in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The small Carrolup Nature Reserve is located within Carrolup, on the Carrolup River, which flows through the locality from east to west.
Carrolup is located on the traditional land of the Kaneang people of the Noongar nation.
The Carrolup Native Settlement, now referred to as Marribank, is listed on the Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places, but, despite its name, is located west of the current locality, on the Carrolup River, in the locality of Cherry Tree Pool in the Shire of Kojonup.
The Carrolup Agricultural Hall, on the shire's heritage register, dates back to 1902 and has served as a church, school a golf club and a pony club.

## Nature reserve

The Carrolup Nature Reserve was gazetted on 21 June 1901, has a size of 0.3 square kilometres (0.12 sq mi), and is located within the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest bioregions.
# Ellen Vilbaste

Ellen Vilbaste (4 March 1893, Tartu – 14 February 1974, Kolga-Jaani) was an Estonian gardener and Estonia's first trained ethnobotanist. Eight hundred of her gathered specimens are held at the Estonian Plant Herbarium.
Her husband was botanist Gustav Vilbaste.
# Drift waves

In plasma physics, a drift wave is a type of collective excitation that is driven by a pressure gradient within a magnetised plasma, which can be destabilised by differences between ion and electron motion (then known as drift-wave instability or drift instability). The equations which describe these waves a number of solutions, including ion-acoustic solitary waves, and are roughly analogous to modons.
The drift wave typically propagates across the pressure gradient and is perpendicular to the magnetic field. It can occur in relatively simple configurations such as in a column of plasma with a non-uniform density but a straight magnetic field. Drift wave turbulence is responsible for the transport of particles, energy and momentum across magnetic field lines.
The characteristic frequency associated with drift waves involving electron flow is given by $\omega ^{*}=k_{\perp }\left(-{\frac {k_{B}T_{e}}{eB_{0}}}\nabla n_{0}\right),$ where $k_{\perp }$ is the wavenumber perpendicular to the pressure gradient of the plasma, $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant, $T_{e}$ is the electron temperature, $e$ is the elementary charge, $B_{0}$ is the background magnetic field and $\nabla n_{0}$ is the number density gradient of the plasma.
# Murawwat Hussain

Murawwat Hussain (8 August 1918 – 25 September 1984) was a Pakistani cricketer and umpire.
A right-handed batsman and medium-pace bowler, Murawwat Hussain played first-class cricket in India and Pakistan from 1935 to 1954, and toured Ceylon with the Pakistan team in 1948-49. In the second of the two matches between Pakistan and Ceylon he made his highest first-class score, 164, and he and Nazar Mohammad put on 269 for the second wicket.
He umpired 52 first-class matches in Pakistan, mostly in Lahore or Bahawalpur, from 1957 to 1978. He stood in one Test match, the First Test of the series between Pakistan and West Indies in 1959, played at the National Stadium, Karachi.
# Shin Saw Gyi of Sagaing

Shin Saw Gyi (Burmese: ရှင်စောကြီး, pronounced) was a chief queen consort of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava. She was also a principal queen of kings Kyawswa II of Pinya and Narathu of Pinya. She was a granddaughter of King Saw Yun, the founder of Sagaing Kingdom, and a sister of King Thado Minbya, the founder of Ava Kingdom. She was originally a queen consort of Swa, and was given the title of Queen of the Northern Palace and Pinya in fief. She became the chief queen after Queen Khame Mi died, and became the Queen of the Southern Palace.
The queen may also be the mother of King Tarabya, the successor of Swa. The Yazawin Thit chronicle, citing a contemporary inscription, states that Tarabya was also a child of Shin Saw Gyi. But the Hmannan Yazawin chronicle rejects it anyway, saying that it was contrary to the reporting by previous chronicles. Hmannan recognizes only two children by her, Saw Myat Ke and Saw Swe Hnit.

## Ancestry

The following is her ancestry according to Hmannan. She was descended from Pagan and Pinya royalty. Her paternal side is unreported except that her father was of the Tagaung royal line.
Ancestry of Queen Saw Gyi :
# Kirkstone Pass

Kirkstone Pass is a mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. It is at an altitude of 1,489 feet (454 m).
It is the District's highest pass traversed by road, the A592 road between Ambleside in Rothay Valley and Patterdale in Ullswater Valley. The road gradient approaches 1 in 4. The picturesque view down into Patterdale has Brothers Water as its focal point.
The Kirkstone Pass Inn stands close to the summit. Once a vital coaching inn, it now caters primarily for tourists. It is the third-highest public house in England.

## Slate quarrying

Lead and copper ore mining and slate mining has spanned centuries.
Petts Quarry worked by Kirkstone Green Slate Company is just to the Ambleside side of the summit. Nearby is Hartsop Hall lead mine.
Caudale slate mine is a few miles further down, on the Ullswater side, and was last worked at the beginning of the 20th century; all its adits are now blocked.

## Name

The name of the pass comes from a prominent stone, the Kirkstone, which stands a few yards from the A592 on the Patterdale side of the inn. Its shadow resembles a steeple; 'kirk' means church in old Norse and was a variant in related Old English.
In local names the climb from Ambleside is known as The Struggle.

## Cultural references

In Cue For Treason, best-known novel of children's writer Geoffrey Trease, much of it set in Cumbria, the narrator's friend long uses the name "Kit Kirkstone", taken from the pass.
"Witch of the Westmorland" by musician Archie Fisher includes the lyric "weary by Ullswater, and the misty brake fern way, down through the cleft of the Kirkstone Pass, the winding water lay".

## Gallery

* Kirkstone Pass descending to Brothers Water
* The Kirkstone Pass Inn
* The church-like Kirk Stone at right, and nearby a nearly cuboid stone
* The bottom of The Struggle in Ambleside
# Thierry Latty-Fairweather

Thierry Ricky Everton Latty-Fairweather (born 5 December 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for National League club Maidenhead United, on loan from National League club York City.

## Career
### Burton Albion

Latty-Fairweather is a former youth academy player of Nottingham Forest. He joined the academy of Burton Albion in the summer of 2019 following his release from his previous club.
After loan spells at non-league clubs Grantham Town and Guiseley in the 2021–22 season, he joined National League North club Hereford at the beginning of the 2022–23 season, before being recalled by Burton Albion in March 2023. He made his EFL League One debut in April 2023, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–0 draw against Cheltenham Town.
Latty-Fairweather was released by Burton at the end of the 2022–23 season.

### York City

On 4 July 2023, Latty-Fairweather signed for National League club York City. He made his York debut as an 85th minute substitute in the opening fixture of the season. He scored his first goal for York on his fifth appearance, a 3–0 home win against Southend United in the National League.
Latty-Fairweather joined Maidenhead United on a one-month loan on 20 August 2024. This was later extended until the end of the season.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 18 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Burton Albion | 2020–21 | EFL League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Burton Albion | 2021–22 | EFL League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Burton Albion | 2022–23 | EFL League One | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Burton Albion | Total | Total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Grantham Town (loan) | 2021–22 | Northern Premier League Premier Division | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Guiseley (loan) | 2021–22 | National League North | 21 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 21 | 1 |
| Hereford (loan) | 2022–23 | National League North | 22 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 24 | 1 |
| York City | 2023–24 | National League | 21 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| York City | 2024–25 | National League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| York City | Total | Total | 21 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| Maidenhead United (loan) | 2024–25 | National League | 17 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 21 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 97 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 109 | 6 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy
* 1 2 Appearance(s) in FA Trophy
* ↑ One appearance in FA Trophy; one appearance in National League Cup
# Piau

Piau is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.

## History

At the end of the eighteenth century, those who had been involved in the Inconfidência Mineira were heavily persecuted by the Portuguese Crown. These men (among them was Francisco José da Silva, uncle of Tiradentes) became fugitives searching for new places to make a new life.
The place they found was set in a vast forest by a river which rises in the Serra da Mantiqueira. The settlers gave this river the name of Rio Piau because of a large amount of fish of this species (leporinus piau?).
The first chapel was built in honour of the Holy Spirit, and the town was named Divino Espírito Santo de Piau. In place of the old chapel there is now the parish church of the Holy Spirit.
The District was created on July 22, 1868. belonging to the municipalities of Ouro Preto, Barbacena, Mar de Espanha, Rio Pomba, Juiz de Fora, São João Nepomuceno and Rio Novo. On December 12, 1953 Piau became a municipality in its own right.

## Tourism

The main attractions in this small municipality include the countryside, the church, old houses and farms, and since 1984 the banana festival which occurs annually in the second week of July.

## Economy

The principal crop is banana and the greater part of the production is sold in Juiz de Fora and its locality.
# Li Pei-jung

Li Pei-jung (Chinese: 李佩容; born 25 April 2000) is a Taiwanese footballer who plays as a defender for Taiwan Mulan Football League club Taichung Blue Whale and the Chinese Taipei women's national team.

## International career

Li Pei-jung represented Chinese Taipei at the 2014 AFC U-14 Girls' Regional Championship. She capped at senior level during the 2019 EAFF E-1 Football Championship (final round) and the 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament (third round).
# Alerothrips

Alerothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. The genus has an Asian distribution, with one species known from India and two from Thailand.

## Species

* Alerothrips banpoti
* Alerothrips indicus
* Alerothrips thailandicus
# Wilson dos Santos (athlete)

Wilson David dos Santos (born 9 December 1958) is a Brazilian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
His personal best in the event is 46.18 seconds set in 1985.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Brazil ||||||
| 1977 | South American Championships | Montevideo, Uruguay | 6th | 800 m | 2:00.5 |
| 1979 | South American Championships | Bucaramanga, Colombia | 9th (h) | 800 m | 1:50.4 |
| 1979 | South American Championships | Bucaramanga, Colombia | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:10.5 |
| 1981 | South American Championships | La Paz, Bolivia | 3rd | 800 m | 1:55.9 |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 51st (h) | 400 m | 47.55 |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 8th (sf) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:03:99 |
| 1985 | Universiade | Kobe, Japan | 16th (sf) | 400 m | 46.92 |
| 1985 | South American Championships | Santiago, Chile | 4th | 400 m | 47.16 |
| 1985 | South American Championships | Santiago, Chile | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:07.96 |
# Dattirajeru

Dattirajeru is a village in Dattirajeru mandal in Vizianagaram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
# East Bethlehem Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania

East Bethlehem Township is a township in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,313 at the 2020 census. The township contains the Frederickstown-Millsboro census-designated place.

## History

Bethlehem Township, formed in 1781, was split into East and West Bethlehem Townships in 1790.
The Regester Log House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km$^2$), of which 5.1 square miles (13 km$^2$) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km$^2$) (4.31%) is water.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 2,524 people, 1,048 households, and 704 families living in the township. The population density was 494.0 inhabitants per square mile (190.7/km$^2$). There were 1,210 housing units at an average density of 236.8 per square mile (91.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.12% White, 2.38% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48%.
Of the 1,048 households 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 29.0% of households were one person and 18.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.95.
The age distribution was 21.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.
The median household income was $24,103 and the median family income was $29,231. Males had a median income of $29,485 versus $17,275 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,024. About 14.4% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.0% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

* Jonathan Knight (1787–1858), U.S. Congressman for Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district
# Pwa Saw of Thitmahti

Pwa Saw of Thitmahti (Burmese: သစ်မထီး ဖွားစော, or) was the chief queen consort of King Kyawswa, and of King Saw Hnit of the Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). The royal chronicles identify Saw Soe as the chief queen of Kyawswa but historians identify her as the chief queen. She was the mother of Crown Prince Theingapati and Kumara Kassapa.
Thitmahti was one of the three historical Pagan period queens known by the epithet of Pwa Saw (lit. "Queen Grandmother", or queen dowager). According to an analysis of the contemporary stone inscriptions by Ba Shin, she was a younger sister of Queen Saw Hla Wun, and she may have succeeded her sister as the chief queen only in 1295/96. (A 1302 stone inscription found near the Thitmahti pagoda states that "on Friday, the 12th waxing of Waso 664 ME [Thursday, 7 June 1302], Queen Pwa Saw's sister dedicated a brick monastery on the land granted to her by the king, after she was raised to the throne after the death of her sister..."). The inscription also states that her aunt was a queen consort of King Kyaswa.
But not everyone accepts that Hla Wun was a queen of Kyawswa, two decades her junior, or that Thitmahti was a sister of Hla Wun.
# Moshupa

Moshupa is a large village in the Southern District of Botswana with a population of 20,016 per the 2011 census. The people of Moshupa are called the Bakgatla-ba-ga Mmanaana, a group also found in Thamaga. Along with the related Bakgatla-ba-ga Kgafela of Mochudi, they arrived to the region from the Transvaal region in South Africa throughout the eighteenth century.
Moshupa is characterised by unique and gigantic mountain outcrops which often leave visitors in wonder. The giant rocks (some up to 40 metres in radius) are so balanced on top of each other that even the villagers themselves wonder why they do not fall. They are believed to fall only when the village chief is dying, as an omen.
The chief (kgosi) of Moshupa is Kgosi Kgabosetso Mosielele. The chief currently serves in the Customary Court of Appeal and his brother, Kgosi Oscar Mosielele is the current chief of the village on his behalf. As is customary in Botswana the salutation 'kgosi' is the title used before the chiefs name.

## Religion

There are a large number of Christians in Moshupa. The most popular are the United Congregational Church of South Africa, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Assemblies of God, the Apostolic Faith Mission, the Roman Catholic Church, the Zion Christian Church, and the Indian Pentecostal Church of God alongside other Afro-Christian and charismatic Pentecostal assemblies. One of the oldest churches is the Mothowagae Church, established in 1903.

## Politics

The member of parliament for Moshupa is the Honorable Karabo Gare. His Excellency Mokgweetsi Keabetswe Eric Masisi, a Moshupa native, is serving in the current cabinet as the President of Botswana. Hon. Masisi is son to the first MP for Moshupa who won the first elections after independence. Hon Mokgweetsi Eric Masisi also had one of his brothers serving as an MP in Francistown West constituency before his passing in 2013. He has received advanced training at graduate level in the fields of education, economics (social policy and social development) and recently began studying epidemiology.
# Anne Frank Foundation

The Anne Frank Foundation (Dutch: Anne Frank Stichting) is a foundation in the Netherlands originally established to maintain the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam. This foundation also advocates the fight against antisemitism and racism and publishes the Dutch annual Monitor Racisme en Extreem-rechts (Racism and Extreme Right Monitor), in which the activities of present-day racists and extreme rightists are studied.
Outside the Netherlands, the Anne Frank Foundation organizes expositions and information on Anne Frank.
The Anne Frank Stichting was founded on 3 May 1957 to prevent the tearing down of the house in Amsterdam in which Anne Frank was hidden since 1942 during the German occupation of the Netherlands in the Second World War. In 1960 the Anne Frank house became a museum.
The director of the foundation was Hans Westra, who retired in 2011 and was followed by Ronald Leopold.

## Controversies

* Professor Arnold Heertje has repeatedly criticized the Anne Frank House in the media. In particular, he reproaches the foundation for "systematically distancing itself further and further from the historical facts of the story of the Jewish girl" - in particular by equating contemporary discrimination against non-Jews with the persecution of the Jews by using Anne Frank's name so emphatically - and that the foundation's activities "no longer have anything to do with the persecution of the Jews, but serve as food for commercial activities".
* There is also criticism of researcher Willem Wagenaar of the Anne Frank House, who often appears in the media to explain new studies on the extreme or radical right. Wagenaar was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment for his role in the attack in Kedichem in 1986 on a political meeting in which a woman lost her leg.
# Dahiyat Harasta

Dahiyat Harasta (Arabic: ضاحية حرستا, literally: Harasta Suburb) is a suburb in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located northeast of Damascus, near Harasta in Eastern Ghouta. Formerly, it was known as Dahiyat al-Assad.

## History

The suburb was established in 1982 by Hafez al-Assad to house Syrian Arab Army officers and their families.
On 4 September 2015, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that dozens of shells landed on Dahiyat al- Assad, information reported casualties. The clashes took place between the regime forces and allied militiamen against the rebel and Islamist factions.
On 10 September 2015, non-State armed opposition groups made advances from Eastern Ghouta towards Tall al-Kurdi and reached positions close to Adra Prison and Dahiyat al-Assad. Around 15,000 civilians were temporarily displaced from Dahiyat al-Asad and surrounding areas as a result. Government forces subsequently halted the advances in Dahiyat al-Asad.
On 12 September 2015, rebels pushed into the town of Dhahiyat Al-Assad, but were reportedly pushed back by the National Defence Forces (NDF). Around 200 men of the 105th Brigade of the Republican Guard were brought in as reinforcements to recapture two hills overlooking Dhahiyat Al-Assad.
# Ngouboua

Ngouboua (Arabic: انغوبؤا) is a village in Chad. In February 2015, it was attacked by Boko Haram. In November 2022, many Chadian soldiers were killed by militants.

## 2022 attack

vteBoko Haram insurgency :
On 22 November 2022, at least 10 Chadian soldiers were killed in an attack reportedly carried out by jihadist group Boko Haram. The attack occurred near Ngouboua in the Lake Chad area.
# Gerhard Koehler

Gerhard Koehler (born 7 November 1978) is an Austrian bobsledder who has competed since 2003. His best Bobsleigh World Cup finish was third in the two-man event at Cesana Pariol in February 2007.
Koehler's also finished 17th in the two-man event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
His best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 13th in the four-man event at St. Moritz in 2007.
# Meigle

Meigle (Scottish Gaelic: Mìgeil, IPA:) is a village in Strathmore, Scotland. It lies in the council area of Perth and Kinross in the Coupar Angus and Meigle ward. It lies on the A94 road between Perth and Forfar.The A94 used to be the main route between Aberdeen and Perth. Other smaller settlements nearby are Balkeerie, Kirkinch and Kinloch. Meigle is accessed from the north and south via the B954 road. In 1971 it had a population of 357.

## Etymology

The name Meigle is of Pictish origin. Recorded as Migdele in the Legend of Saint Andrew, the first element is *mig, meaning "swamp, bog, quagmire", and the second is dol, "field, meadow" (c.f. Welsh mig-dôl).

## Area history

The Pictish stones on display at Meigle are a manifestation of the early history of the area. The village of Eassie, approximately three kilometres (1.9 mi) to the east of Meigle, is noted for the presence of the Eassie Stone, a carved Pictish stone dated to the Early Middle Ages.

## Attractions

The Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum is housed in the former Victorian village school and contains a collection of more than thirty Pictish Stones, along with some later carvings dating from between the 8th and 10th centuries. The village was probably the site of an important early medieval Pictish monastery, centred on the present church and churchyard. The collection is cared for by Historic Scotland and is open in summer.
Nearby Belmont Castle, constructed from the 15th century originally as a residence of the Bishops of Dunkeld, was the home of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836–1908), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1905–08, who is buried in the village churchyard; a mural monument to his memory is built into the north-east wall of the church. Meigle is also home to Meigle C.C. a cricket team which competes in the Strathmore Union.

## Transportation

Meigle railway station was a stop on the Alyth Railway, which served the village from 1861 to 1951.

## Notable people

* Gordon Drummond, international cricketer for Scotland
* Ralph Laing, first-class cricketer
* Hugh Lyon Playfair