# Kfar Kama Adyghe dialect

Kfar Kama dialect (Adyghe: Кфар Камэм ишапсыгъэбзэ) is a subdialect of the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe spoken by the villagers of the village Kfar Kama in Israel.

## Phonology

The Kfar Kama dialect shares a large number of features with other Shapsug dialects such as dropping and not pronouncing н [n], м [m] and р [r] in some cases, and having the consonants сӏ [sʼ], гь [ɡʲ], кь [kʲ], кӏь [kʲʼ] and чъу [t͡ɕʷ] that correspond to цӏ [t͡sʼ], дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ], кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] and цу [t͡sʷ] in other Adyghe dialects (e.g. Abzakh, Temirgoy and Bzhedug). Also like other Shapsug dialects the Retroflex affricates consonants чъ [ʈʂ] and чӏ [ʈʂʼ] (that exist in Chemguy and Bzhedug dialects) became ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in the Kfar Kama dialect. Unlike some other Shaspug dialects the Kfar Kama dialect does not have the aspirated consonants.
| Meaning | Kfar Kama dialect | Kfar Kama dialect | Other dialects | Other dialects |
| Meaning | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
| fast | псыкӏэ | psət͡ʃʼa | псынкӏэ | psənt͡ʃʼa |
| wide | шъуабгъо | ʃʷaːbʁʷa | шъуамбгъо | ʃʷaːmbʁʷa |
| corn | натыф | naːtəf | нартыф | naːrtəf |
| name | сӏэ | sʼa | цӏэ | t͡sʼa |
| shirt | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna | джанэ | d͡ʒaːna |
| chicken | кьэт | kʲat | чэты | t͡ʃatə |
| rope | кӏьапсэ | kʲʼaːpsa | кӏапсэ | t͡ʃʼaːpsa |
| shoe | чъуакъо | t͡ʃʷaːqʷa | цуакъэ | t͡sʷaːqa |
| to sleep | чыен | t͡ʃəjan | чъыен | ʈʂəjan |
| earth | кӏыгу | t͡ʃʼəɡʷ | чӏыгу | ʈʂʼəɡʷ |

### The consonant [h]

* This dialect has a voiceless glottal fricative [h] in some words that correspond to [d͡ʒ] in other diaelcts :
| Meaning | Kfar Kama dialect | Other dialects |
| now | həgʲ | jəd͡ʒə |
| again | dahaza | |
| right now | hədadam | d͡ʒədadam |

### Uvular consonants

In some cases къ [q] and къу [qʷ] became хъ [χ] and хъу [χʷ] :
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | Temirgoy | Temirgoy | Kfar Kama dialect | Kfar Kama dialect | | Kabardian | Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| son | qʷa | къо | qʷa | къо | qʷa | къуэ |
| grave | qa | къэ | χa | хъэ | q͡χa | кхъэ |
| male | χʷə | хъу | χʷə | хъу | χʷə | хъу |
| pig | qʷa | къо | χʷa | хъо | q͡χʷa | кхъуэ |
| cheese | q͡ʷaːja | къуае | χʷaːja | хъуае | q͡χʷej | кхъуей |
| voice/sound | maːqa | макъэ | maːχa | махъэ | maːq | макъ |
| ship | qʷəħa | къухьэ | qʷaħ | къохь | q͡χʷəħ | кхъухь |
| peer | qʷəʐə | къужъы | qʷəʐə | къужъы | q͡χʷəʑə | кхъужьы |
| man | χʷəɬfəʁa | хъулъфыгъэ | qʷəlfəʁa | къулфыгъэ | χʷəɬxʷəʁa | хъулъхугъэ |
| ant | qaːmzaɡʷ | къамзэгу | χaːnzaɡʷ | хъанзэгу | χʷəmpʼat͡sʼad͡ʒ | хъумпӏэцӏэдж |

## Grammar differences
### Nouns

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix -мгьэ (-mɡʲa) or -гьэ (-gʲa) unlike other dialects (e.g. Abzakh and Temirgoy) that has the suffix -мкIэ (-mt͡ʃa) or -кIэ (-t͡ʃa) :
* Kfar Kama dialect: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэгьэ мэгущаӏэ ↔ Standard: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэкӏэ мэгущаӏэ - "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
* Kfar Kama dialect: Къэлэмымгьэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: Къэлэмымкӏэ сэтхэ - "I write (using) with the pencil".
In the invertive case the noun has the suffix -ыу (-əw) unlike other dialects that has the suffix -эу (-aw) :
* Kfar Kama dialect: Лӏыр баиу хъугъэ ↔ Standard: Лӏыр баеу хъугъэ - "The man become rich".
* Kfar Kama dialect: Пшъашъэр нэхь даху къэлъагъо ↔ Standard: Пшъашъэр нахь дахэу къэлъагъо - "The girl looks more beautiful".
* Kfar Kama dialect: Кӏалэр псыкӏыу мачъэ ↔ Standard: Кӏалэр псынкӏэу мачъэ - "The boy runs quickly".

### Future tense

In this dialect the verb has the suffix ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike standard Adyghe (Temirgoy) that has the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt).
| Word | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Adyghe | Standart Kabardian | Standart Kabardian |
| Word | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe | Bzhedug and Shapsug | Bzhedug and Shapsug | | Standart Kabardian | Standart Kabardian |
| Word | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic |
| I will go | səkʷʼaɕt | сыкӏощт | səkʷʼat | сыкIот | səkʷʼanəwɕ | сыкӏуэнущ |
| you will go | wəkʷʼaɕt | укӏощт | wəkʷʼat | укIот | wəkʷʼanəwɕ | укӏуэнущ |
| he will go | makʷʼaɕt | мэкӏощт | makʷʼat | мэкIот | makʷʼanəwɕ | мэкӏуэнущ |
| we will go | təkʷʼaɕt | тыкӏощт | ʂʷəkʷʼat | тыкIот | dəkʷʼanəwɕ | дыкӏуэнущ |
| you (plural) will go | ʃʷəkʷaɕt | шъукӏощт | ʃʷəkʷʼat | шъукӏот | fəkʷʼanəwɕ | фыкӏуэнущ |
| they will go | maːkʷatəɕx | макӏощтых | makʷʼatəx | мэкӏотых | jaːkʷʼanəwɕ | якӏуэнущ |

### Big suffix -фэ

* The standard Adyghe's suffix -шхо /-ʃxʷa/, which means big or mighty, is -фэ /-fˠa/ in Kfar Kama dialect :
| Meaning | Kfar Kama dialect | Kfar Kama dialect | Other dialects | Other dialects |
| Meaning | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
| mighty God | тхьэфэ | tħafˠa | тхьэшхо | tħaʃxʷa |
| large house | унэфэ | wənafˠa | унэшхо | wənaʃxʷa |

## Unique words

| Meaning | Kfar Kama dialect | Kfar Kama dialect | Standard Adyghe | Standard Adyghe | Standard Kabardian | Standard Kabardian |
| Meaning | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
| what | лъэу | ɬaw | сыд | səd | сыд | səd |
| man | къулфыгъэ | qʷəlfəʁa | хъулъфыгъэ | χʷəɬfəʁa | хъулъхугъэ | χʷəɬxʷəʁa |
| few, bit | тэкӏу | takʷʼ | тӏэкӏу | tʼakʷʼ | тӏэкӏу | tʼakʷʼ |
| small | цыкӏу | t͡səkʷʼ | цӏыкӏу | t͡sʼəkʷʼ | цӏыкӏу | t͡sʼəkʷʼ |
| wall | къалэ | qaːla | дэпкъы | dapqə | дэпкъ | dapq |
| shoe | чъуакъо | t͡ʃʷaːqʷa | цуакъэ | t͡sʷaːqa | вакъэ | vaːqa |
| star | жъуагъэ | ʒʷaːʁa | жъуагъо | ʒʷaːʁʷa | вагъуэ | vaːʁʷa |
| tree | чъыг | t͡ɕəɣ | чъыгы | t͡ʂəɣə | жыг | ʒəɣ |
| cow | чэм | t͡ʃam | чэмы | t͡ʃamə | жэм | ʒam |
| night | чэщ | t͡ʃaɕ | чэщы | t͡ʃaɕə | жэщ | ʒaɕ |
| yard | щао | ɕaːwa | щагу | ɕaːɡʷə | - | - |
| poor | тхьамыщкӏь | tħaməɕkʲʼ | тхьамыкӏ | yħamət͡ʃʼ | тхьэмыщкӏэ | yħaməɕt͡ʃʼa |
| today | нэпэ | napa | непэ | najpa | нобэ | nawba |
| day after tomorrow | нэущымыщкӏь | nawɕəməɕkʲʼ | неущымыкӏ | nawɕəmət͡ʃʼ | ? | ? |
| big | фэ | fˠa | джадэ | d͡ʒaːda | ? | ? |
| worm | хьаблыу | ħaːbləw | хьамлыу | ħaːmɮəw | хьэмбылыу | ħambəɮəw |
| to dance | угьын | wəɡʲən | къэшъон | qaʃʷan | къэфэн | qafan |
| spider | багьэ | baːɡʲa | бэджы | bad͡ʒə | бэдж | bad͡ʒ |
| ant | хъанзэгу | χaːnzaɡʷ | къамзэгу | qːamzaɡʷ | хъумпӏэцӏэдж | χʷəmpʼat͡sʼad͡ʒ |
| cheese | хъуае | χʷaːja | къуае | qʷaːja | кхъуей | qχʷej |
| ship | къохь | qʷaħ | къухьэ | qʷəħa | кхъухь | qχʷəħ |
| voice, sound | махъэ | maːχa | макъэ | maːqa | макъ | maːq |
| pig | хъо | χʷa | къо | qʷa | кхъуэ | qχʷa |
| grave | хъэ | χa | къэ | qa | кхъэ | qχa |
| dog | хьэжъ | ħaʐ | хьэ | ħa | хьэ | ħa |
| to believe | шӏошӏун | ʃʷʼaʃʷʼən | шӏошъын | ʃʷʼaʂəm | фӏэщын | fʼaɕəm |
| blue | шъухъуатӏэ | ʃʷəχʷaːtʼa | шхъуантӏэ | ʃχʷaːntʼa | шхъуантӏэ | ʃχʷaːntʼa |
| pink | плъыжьгьэфы | pɬəʑɡʲafə | тхьэмбылышъу | tħambəɮəʃʷ | ? | ? |
| orange | гъожьыплъыжь | ʁʷaʑəpɬəʑ | гъоплъышъо | ʁʷapɬəʃʷa | ? | ? |
| brown | къэхьыуашъу | qaħəwaːʃʷ | етӏагъо | jatʼaːʁʷa | ? | ? |
| swing | кӏьэрхъон | kʲʼarχʷan | хъэрен | χarajn | ? | ? |
| frog | хьантыкъуакъу | ħaːntəqʷaːqʷ | хьантӏаркъу | ħaːntʼaːrqʷ | хьэндыркъуакъуэ | ħandərqʷaːqʷa |
| turtle | хьэнчэмыӏу | ħant͡ʃaməʔʷ | хьэдэпчэмыӏу | ħadapt͡ʃaməʔʷ | шылъэгу | ʃəɬaɡʷ |
| right (side) | жъабгъо | ʐaːbʁʷa | джабгъо | d͡ʒaːbʁʷa | ижь | jəʑ |
| to laugh at | шӏыгушӏкӏьын | ʃʼəɡʷəʃʼkʲʼən | дэхьащхын | daħaːɕxən | ? | ? |
| nothing | зиӏ | ziʔ | зыцый | zət͡səj | ? | ? |
| friend | гъусэ | ʁʷəsa | ныбджэгъу | nəbd͡ʒaʁʷ | ныбжьэгъу | nəbʑaʁʷ |
| king | парчъыхь | paːrt͡ʂəħ | пачъыхь | paːt͡ʂəħ | пащтыхь | paːɕtəħ |
| always | еныу | janəw | ренэу | rajnaw | рену | rajnəw |