OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1959 in Iraq

The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Iraq.

## Incumbents

* President: Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i
* Prime Minister: Abd al-Karim Qasim

## Events
### March

* March 8 – The Mosul uprising began in Iraq as Colonel Abd al-Shawaff staged a rebellion against the government of President Abdul Karim Qasim. al-Shawaaf was killed the next day, and after the insurrection was put down, Qasim ordered the execution of officers suspected of complicity.
* March 24 – Prime Minister Abdel Karim Kassem announced his nation's withdrawal from the Baghdad Pact. The withdrawal had been expected following the July 14, 1958, revolution that overthrew the government of King Feisel II.

### July

* July 14 – In Kirkuk, a rally to celebrate the first anniversary of the 1958 revolution degenerated into a three-day-long massacre of ethnic Turks by the Kurds. At least 30 people were killed, and over 100 injured. The event was ultimately referred to as the Kirkuk Massacre. On the same day, Iraq became the first Arab nation to appoint a woman to a ministerial post, with Dr. Naziha ad-Dulaimi becoming Minister of Rural Affairs.

### May

* May 30 – After the calling off of the 1955 Anglo-Iraqi Agreement, the last British troops in Iraq left peacefully.

### August

* August 19 – The Baghdad Pact, which had been kicked out of Baghdad after Iraq withdrew from the alliance, changed its name to the CENTO, the Central Treaty Organization, with the United Kingdom, Turkey, Pakistan and Iran.

### September

* September 20 – General Nadhim Tabaqchali and 12 other Iraqi officers were executed by a firing squad for their role in the March 1959 Mosul Uprising.

### October

* October 7 – On Baghdad's al-Rashid Street, President Abd al-Karim Qasim was ambushed on his way to the East German embassy. The five man team, led by future Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, killed Qasim's driver and wounded Qasim. One assassin died and Saddam himself was injured, but escaped to farm.

### December

* December 18 – Abd al-Karim Qasim declared that the Khūzestān Province of Iran "was part of Iraqi territory". Tensions over the disputed territory finally triggered the Iran–Iraq War, which lasted from 1980 to 1988.

## Deaths

* March 09 - Abd al-Wahab al-Shawaf Iraqi officer and leader of Mosul coup.
* March 09 - Saeb Sabry al-Safi Iraqi officer pilot andl killed during Mosul coup
# Cyclophyllidea

Cyclophyllidea (the cyclophyllid cestodes) is the order of Cestoda (tapeworm). It is the largest and most diverse order of Cestoda (tapeworm), encompassing species that infect all classes of terrestrial tetrapods including humans and domesticated animals, and includes species with some of the most severe health impact on wildlife, livestock, and humans.
All have multiple proglottid "segments", and all have four suckers on their scolices (heads), though some may have other structures, as well. Proglottids of this order have genital openings on one side (except in the Dilepididae, which have genital openings on both sides), and a compact yolk gland or vitellarium posterior to the ovary.
Families include:
* Dipylidiidae, the most important member of which is Dipylidium caninum, also called the "cucumber tapeworm" or the "double-pore tapeworm"
* Hymenolepididae, including the genus Hymenolepis, a human parasite
* Taeniidae, which consists of livestock parasites in the genus Taenia and parasites that encyst in humans of the genus Echinococcus
* Anoplocephalidae, which includes several tapeworms of horses and a genus of tapeworms of ruminants, the Moniezia
* Davaineidae, which comprises 14 genera, most of which are parasites of birds
* Acoleidae, which comprises two genera that parasitize birds
* Amabiliidae, comprising four genera that parasitize aquatic birds
* Dilepididae, comprising 24 or so genera
* Diploposthidae
* Gryporhynchidae
* Nematotaeniidae
* Progynotaeniidae
* Schistotaeniidae
# Wedding Campaign

Wedding Campaign is 2005 South Korean film about two aging bachelor farmers from Gyeongsang Province. Unable to find wives in Korea willing to move to the countryside, they go on a 10-day "campaign" in Uzbekistan, where local matchmakers attempt to pair them up with local ethnic Korean women. It was the closing film of the 2005 Pusan International Film Festival.

## Plot

Hong Man-taek is a 38-year-old bachelor who at his age is still unable to meet eyes with a woman. Whenever his mother complains "Never had luck with men, never had luck with sons," he feels guilty about not having found a bride yet. Man-taek's old friend Hee-chul thinks he is a lady killer, but he's only a bit more experienced than his basket case friend. Urged on by his grandfather, the two bachelor buddies embark on a matchmaking journey to Uzbekistan to find wives. The trip to Uzbekistan begins with anxiety and hope. While Hee-chul musters all his suaveness and broken English to appeal to the women, Man-taek gets rejected again and again. Even more frustrated than Man-taek himself is Lara, their matchmaker-cum-interpreter. There is a special reason why she must find a bride for Man-taek, and she decides to give special private lessons on language and manners to achieve their common goal.

## Cast

* Jung Jae-young - Hong Man-taek
* Soo Ae - Kim Lara
* Yoo Jun-sang - Hee-chul
* Kwon Tae-won - co. president
* Park Kil-soo - Doo-sik
* Kim Eung-soo - village elder
* Kim Jin-goo - Chun-bo's mother
* Kim Ji-young - Man-taek's mother
* Jeon Sang-jin - Sang-jin
* Shin Eun-kyung - Alona
* Kim Won-sik - young Man-taek
* Jung Tae-woo - young Hee-chul
* Kim Sung-kyum - Man-taek's grandfather
* Kim Ji-young - bride
# Back in Action

Back in Action may refer to:
* Back in Action (1994 film), a 1994 Canadian action film
* "Keel VI: Back in Action", a 1998 studio album
* Looney Tunes: Back in Action, a 2003 American live-action/animated comedy film
** Looney Tunes: Back in Action (video game), a 2003 platform game based on the movie of the same name
* Dhoom 2: Back in Action, a 2006 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film
* Back in Action (2011 film), a 2011 Malayalam-language Indian film
* Jagged Alliance: Back in Action, a 2012 video game
* Back in Action (2025 film), a 2025 American action comedy film
* "Back in Action" (EP), an extended play (EP) by the American singer and rapper Midwxst, 2021
# Pull-A-Part

Pull-A-Part, LLC is a United States chain of automotive recycling yards where customers bring their own tools and remove parts out of used vehicles. As of July 2017 there are 24 locations in 12 states.

## History

Founded in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, Pull-A-Part is the nation’s fastest growing self-service used auto parts retailer, and recycler in the United States.
Beginning as a scrap metal recycling program, Pull-A-Part opened its first vehicle salvage and recycling yard in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1998. The company has expanded since, and in 2013 purchased Corpus Christi, Texas-based U-Pull-It Auto Parts Inc. as its 25th location.

## Recycling Program

Pull-A-Part works closely with environmental management programs to provide an environmentally responsible way to manage scrap vehicles. On January 28, 2008, Pull-A-Part was recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for its participation in the EPA’s National Partnership for Environmental Priorities.
Pull-A-Part was the first facility to achieve the Indiana Clean Yard - Gold Level Award from the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) on October 15, 2009. The Indiana Clean Yard program was established in 2009 in collaboration with the Automotive Recyclers of Indiana Inc. (ARI) to decrease environmental threats posed by vehicles stockpiled in salvage yards. Pull-A-Part also earned the Indiana Clean Yard - Gold Level Award in 2011, 2013, and 2015. Some of the steps that are taken to reduce environmental threats include:
* Each vehicle is thoroughly drained of all fluids and refrigerant from air conditioning systems, which are either shipped for recycling or sold for reuse (such as engine coolant).
* Mercury switches, which each have the potential to contaminate 132,000 gallons of drinking water, are removed and shipped for recycling through the EPA's National Vehicle Mercury Switch Removal Program (NVMSRP).
* Lead-acid batteries are removed and tested. Good batteries are resold for reuse, and unserviceable batteries are palletized, shrink wrapped and shipped offsite, where the lead and plastic are recycled and the acid can be recovered.
* Catalytic converters are removed and shipped offsite for recovery of their precious metals content and the stainless steel shells.
Pull-A-Part serves as one of the top-5 recyclers of mercury switches in the United States and in 2008 Pull-A-Part hosted the US Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Stephen L. Johnson, who removed the one millionth switch as part of NVMSRP. Paired with Pull-A-Part's used parts retail sector, these methods ultimately reduce the amount of waste from scrapped vehicles by 21 percent when compared to typical vehicle shredding practices.

## Locations

Arizona
* Tucson
Alabama
* Birmingham
* Montgomery
Georgia
* Augusta
* Conley
* Lithonia
* Norcross
Indiana
* Indianapolis
Kentucky
* Louisville
Louisiana
* Baton Rouge
* Lafayette
* New Orleans
Mississippi
* Jackson
North Carolina
* Charlotte
* Winston-Salem
Ohio
* Akron
* Canton
* Cleveland
South Carolina
* Columbia
Tennessee
* Knoxville
* Memphis
* Nashville
Texas
* Corpus Christi
* El Paso
# Kostyantyn Poznyak

Konstantin Poznyak (Ukrainian: Константин Владимирович Позняк) is a retired Ukrainian professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Konstantin Poznyak, started his career in 1998 with Desna Chernihiv the club in the city of Chernihiv. Here he stayed until 2005 where he played 144 and scored 1 goal in 1999–2000 in Ukrainian Second League. In 2000–01 he played 27 matches in Ukrainian Second League where he got 2 place in the league and in the season 2001–02 he played 29 matches. In 2005 he moved to Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih in Ukrainian Second League where in the season 2005–06 where he played 8 matches. In 2006 he moved to Avanhard Koryukivka and in 2011 he moved to Niva Chernihiv where in 2012 he played 13 matches.
# Longitude LLC

Longitude LLC is the inventor and distributor of the Longitude Enhanced Pari-Mutuel System™, a pool betting technology platform.

## Pari-Mutuel Wagering

The Longitude Enhanced Pari-Mutuel System enables sports betting and race track operators to offer a wider range of bet types, a richer display of odds data and bigger pools with more stable odds. By allowing a range of different types of wagers on an individual race or sporting event to be aggregated into merged pools, the Longitude Enhanced Pari-Mutuel System makes more efficient use of existing liquidity. Current customers utilizing the Longitude Enhanced Pari-Mutuel System include The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Tabcorp and The Football Pools.

## Financial Markets

The globally patented Longitude Enhanced Pari-Mutuel System has its roots in the financial markets, where it has been used for the pricing and settlement of markets on a range of financial and naturally occurring events, such as credit, economic statistics, and weather. Longitude LLC, a wholly owned subsidiaries of Nasdaq, is currently based in New York to further explore a number of financial markets applications.

## History

Longitude was founded in New York in 1999.
In 2006, ISE and Goldman Sachs jointly acquired all of the Longitude assets to conduct auctions on economic data options in partnership with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and energy storage statistics in partnership with the New York Mercantile Exchange.
In 2007, ISE purchased Goldman’s entire stake and Longitude became a wholly owned subsidiary of ISE.
In 2010 and 2011, the Longitude platform was reengineered to serve as a backend calculation engine for the sports betting and horse race wagering industries.
In 2012, Sportech and Longitude sign a partnership to add depth to betting products.
In 2013, The Hong Kong Jockey Club announces signing of strategic technology services agreement with Longitude.
In 2014, Longitude Expands Relationship with Hong Kong Jockey Club.
In 2016, Tabcorp and Longitude Announce Strategic Technology Initiative.
In 2016, Longitude was acquired by Nasdaq to further explore a number of financial markets applications for the Enhanced Pari-Mutuel System.
# Debt Recovery Tribunal

Debt Recovery Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body formed under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions (RDDBFI) Act, 1993 to facilitate recovery of loans by banks and financial institutions to the customers. Orders of the Debt Recovery Tribunal are appealable before the Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal. Government of India selects the presiding officer in the Tribunal. The Tribunal is based on Debt Recovery Tribunals Act for a debt which is more than Rs 20,00,000. The Jurisdiction extends to whole of India except to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

## History and objective

Debts Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) were formed under Banks and Financial Institutions (RDDBFI) Act, 1993 to facilitate debt recoveries by banks and financial institutions and to design an effective mechanism to recover their dues speedily without being subjected lengthy process of civil courts.
The objective of Debt Recovery Tribunal is to ensure recovery of borrowed money from debtors which are due to banks and various financial institutions. Their role is limited to settling the claims and ensure the balance amount related to non-performing assets as categorised by the banks as per the provisions of RBI guidelines are recovered.

## Powers

Debt Recovery Tribunal has powers of District Court for any claims before it relating to recovery of Debts. The Recovery officer in the tribunal is responsible to execute the recovery orders sanctioned by the Presiding Officers. DRT is bound to follow the legal procedure by laying emphasis on quick disposal of the cases and efficient and effective disposal of orders.

## Composition

Debt Recovery Tribunal consists of Presiding and Recovery officers.

## Application

Debt Recovery Tribunal is applicable for below cases
The Debt Recovery Tribunal Act is applicable in entire India including Jammu & Kashmir after article 370 of the constitution has been made ineffective.
The act is applicable for due amount above Rs. 20, 00,000.
The act is also applicable even if the preliminary application for Debts recovery had been filed only by Banks and the Financial Institutions.

## Places

Debt recovery tribunals are set up in 39 places and The debt recovery appellate tribunals are based in 5 places, in India, they are; Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Allahabad, and Chennai .

## Challenges

Debt Recovery Tribunal faces understaffing challenges with most positions not being filled up in time.
# Jo Sarjant

Jo Sarjant (born 11 December 1981) is a basketball player for England women's national basketball team. Sarjant won a bronze medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. She was part of England's first women's basketball squad that competed at the Commonwealth Games.
# Hasan Mushrif

Hasan Miyalal Mushrif is an Indian politician. He is leader of the Nationalist Congress Party and a cabinet minister in the Eknath Shinde Government of Maharashtra. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Kolhapur's Kagal assembly seat.
On 10 January 2017, Mushrif, along with NCP MP Dhananjay Mahadik, former NCP MP Nivedita Sambhajirao Mane, Kolhapur mayor Hasina Faras, and 400 others, were arrested for blocking traffic on the Pune-Bengaluru national highway as part of a protest against the effects of demonetisation.

## Political career

Mushrif has served as the Minister of Labour of the Government of Maharashtra. Mushrif is currently serving as the Cabinet Minister for Rural Development in the Maharashtra and is a prominent leader of western Maharashtra.
# Bel-Ombre, Mauritius

Bel-Ombre is a village in Mauritius located in Savanne District. The village is administered by the Bel-Ombre Village Council under the aegis of the Savanne District Council. According to the 2011 census by Statistics Mauritius, the population was 2,417.

## Bel Ombre Nature Reserve

The Bel Ombre Nature Reserve, (formerly known as Heritage Nature Reserve, changed in 2022) is a nature reserve in Bel Ombre. It is the largest nature reserve in Mauritius, being 1,300 ha. It fairly looks like the African savannah.

### La Resèrve Golf links

La Resèrve Golf Links is a golf course connected to Bel Ombre Nature Reserve and was opened on December 2023. It includes 2 lakes; Digue Rouillard and A.Dennis Taylor Dam.

### Frédérica Nature Reserve

The Frédérica Nature Reserve is a reserve that forms part of Bel Ombre Nature Reserve.
It includes the Frèdèrica Lodge, a lodge used for hunters, and the Frédérica Old Sugar Mill, used from 1855-1874. It includes 2 biomes, the endemic forests and grasslands. There are 3 viewpoints; the Frédérica Viewpoint, the Dalsing Viewpoint and the Viewpoint des Cipayes.
There are two waterfalls; Cascade Frédérica, where you can have a picnic and swim, and Cascade l'Exemple, also where you can swim.

### Wildlife
#### Flora

The endemic flora of the Bel Ombre Nature Reserve includes the Bois de natte (Labourdonnaisia glauca), Vacoas (Pandanus barklyi), Black Ebony (Diospyros tesselaria), Bois d’olive (Cassine orientalis), Palms (Dictyosperma album), Barleria (Barleria observatrix), Colophane bâtard and Colophane (Protium obtusifolium and Canarium paniculatum), Bois bouquet banane (Ochna mauritiana), Fandia (Alsophila borbonica var. sevathiana), Bois banane (Gaertnera psychotrioides), Bois tambour (Tambourissa peltata) and orchids (Jumellea recta). The exotic Albizia are commonly found.

#### Birds

The endemic and indigenous birds found in Bel Ombre Nature Reserve include the Mauritius Kestrel (Falco punctatus), Mauritius Bulbul (Hypsipetes olivaceus), Paille-en-queue (Phaethon lepturus), Pic-pic (Zosterops mauritianus), Echo Parakeet (Psittacula eques), Coq des bois (Terpsiphone bourbonnensis desolata), Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) and the Pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri).

#### Mammals

The mammals of the Bel Ombre Nature Reserve include the endemic Mauritius Fruit Bats (Pteropus niger), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and the very common Java deer (Rusa timorensis).

### Coordinates

20°30′03″S 57°26′26″E﻿ / ﻿20.50083°S 57.44056°E﻿ / -20.50083; 57.44056
# Greg Curnoe

Greg Curnoe (19 November 1936 – 14 November 1992) was a Canadian painter known for his role in the Canadian art movement labeled London Regionalism, which, beginning in the 1960s, made London, Ontario, an important centre for artistic production in Canada. While his oeuvre chronicled his daily experience in a variety of media, it was grounded in twentieth-century art movements, especially Dada, with its emphasis on nihilism and anarchism, Canadian politics, and popular culture. He is remembered for brightly coloured works that often incorporate text to support his strong Canadian patriotism, sometimes expressed as anti-Americanism, as well as his activism in support of Canadian artists.

## Early life

Gregory Richard Curnoe was born on 19 November 1936, at Victoria Hospital in London, Ontario. He grew up with his parents, Nellie Olive (née Porter) and Gordon Charles Curnoe; his brother, Glen (born 1939); and his sister, Lynda (born 1943), in a house built for the family by his grandfather. For most of his life, Curnoe lived within five kilometres of this home in Southwestern Ontario, a peninsula surrounded by water and the United States. Curnoe attended H. B. Beal Secondary School (1954–56) and the Doon School of Art (1956) before attending the Ontario College of Art (1957–60), where he failed his final year.

## Career

Returning to London, Ontario, Curnoe began to work in the studio. He found meaning in popular culture and his own cultural roots that addressed the disillusion he felt with established culture after leaving art school. He founded Region magazine in 1961 and Region Gallery in 1962. He co-founded the Canadian noise band the Nihilist Spasm Band in 1965. In 1968, Jack Chambers with the aid of Kim Ondaatje, Tony Urquhart, Curnoe and John Boyle, founded Canadian Artists' Representation to serve as a union for artists in Canada. Curnoe co-founded the Forest City Gallery, an artist-run centre, in 1973. He represented Canada at the Venice Biennale in 1976 and was the subject of a retrospective exhibition at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 1981, which subsequently toured across Canada.

## Death

While out on a Saturday club ride with the London Centennial Wheelers, Curnoe was killed by a distracted driver in a pickup truck that plowed into the group of seven cyclists on Highway 2, just outside Delaware, Ontario on 14 November 1992. He was killed and six others were seriously injured and taken to hospital. The driver was charged with four-counts of dangerous driving causing bodily harm, and one-count of dangerous driving causing death. In provincial court, the driver was eventually acquitted of all charges on 13 January 1994.
# Calamaria acutirostris

Calamaria acutirostris, the pointed snout reed snake, is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Indonesia.
# William F. Wheeler

William Fletcher Wheeler (July 6, 1824 – June 24, 1894) was the third U.S. Marshal for the Montana Territory.
Wheeler was born in Warwick, New York, the son of a Methodist minister who moved frequently. At the age of 19 William found work as an apprentice printer and reporter for the Ohio Statesman under Samuel Medary. He also studied law in his spare time, and in 1848 he was admitted to practice in front of the bar.
In 1856 Wheeler moved to St. Paul, Minnesota; the next year he accepted a position as Medary's personal secretary, who by then was the Minnesota Territorial Governor. When Minnesota was admitted to statehood in 1858, new Governor Henry Sibley commissioned Wheeler as a Lieutenant Colonel of the First Minnesota Voluntary Infantry. When the American Civil War broke out, Wheeler helped to raise volunteers for the war effort; he eventually saw action at Corinth, Iuka, and Vicksburg, but was discharged before the war's end due to illness.
Wheeler was appointed as United States Marshal of Montana Territory on May 15, 1869, succeeding Neil Howie. During his term of office he supervised construction of the U.S. Penitentiary at Deer Lodge. He served as Marshal until 1878.
Wheeler was a founding officer of the Montana Historical Society, and served as the organization's librarian from 1884 until his death in 1894.
# Calamaria butonensis

Calamaria butonensis is a species of snake in the family, Colubridae. It is found in Indonesia.
# 1834 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1834.

## Pterosaurs

* Johann Jacob Kaup first referred to pterosaurs by the name Pterosauri.

## Lophotrochozoans
### Newly named lophotrochozoans

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Notes |
| Macrodontophion | Nomen dubium | Zborzewski | | |

## Sauropterygians
### Newly named nothosaurs

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Nothosaurus mirabilis | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid taxon | Georg zu Münster | Middle to early Late Triassic | Muschelkalk | Germany | A Seal-like marine reptile, from the family Nothosauridae. The type species of the genus Nothosaurus. |
| Nothosaurus giganteus | Sp. nov. | Valid taxon | Georg zu Münster | Middle to early Late Triassic | Osnabrück | Germany | An additional species of Nothosaurus. |
| Conchiosaurus clavatus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Junior synonym | Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer | Middle Triassic | Muschelkalk | Germany | A junior synonym of Nothosaurus. |