# Newag Impuls

Newag Impuls is a family of standard-gauge electric, diesel and bi-mode (hybrid) multiple units manufactured by Polish railway rolling stock manufacturer Newag. Manufactured in several versions, they differ in the number of cars and purpose. The company offers several versions: electric 2-car (types 37WE and 37WEa), 3-car (types 36WE, 36WEa, 36WEb, 36WEd), 4-car (type 31WE), 5-car (type 45WE) and 6-car (type 35WE) trainsets, and also diesel and bi-mode 3-car (types 36WEhd and 36WEh, respectively) ones.
By the end of 2020, 190 Impulses were ordered.

## Description

The Impuls family of trains are low-floor multiple units equipped with a full interior monitoring system, air-conditioning, passenger information system and can have ticket dispensers if requested.
Their interior is suitable for the needs of passengers with reduced mobility. It features sloping floors, folded steps, broad aisles and a designated space for wheelchairs and bicycles. In the vehicle, motor bogies are used as well as Jacobs bogies (mounted between each two cars). The bogies have a modern gear system and two-stage spring suspension systems that effectively muffles vibrations, thus enhancing comfort while travelling.
The trains can be built in various configurations. The two-car variant is known as "37WE", three-car "36WE", four-car "31WE", five-car "45WE" and six-car "35WE". The trains can have interiors equipped for commuter and suburban service but also for use on long-distance routes.
The first design was launched in 2012. One of the trains, produced for Koleje Dolnośląskie, broke the Polish speed record of 211 km/h (131 mph) in 2013 on the test track, on 7 September 2015 a Newag Impuls 45WE unit for Koleje Mazowieckie once again topped this record with what is now the current one, 226 km/h (140 mph), which makes it the fastest passenger train produced in Poland.
Newag launched a second generation of the design, named Impuls II, in 2017 with an order of 14 trainsets from Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna.
The bi-mode version's top speed is 120 km/h in diesel mode and 160 km/h in electric mode.

## 2023 reveal of sabotage

In December 2023, it was revealed that Newag Impuls software had code that purposefully caused breakdowns of trains that were serviced by non-Newag workshops, were inactive for 10 days or fit in other arbitrary conditions, which has been likened to Dieselgate software manipulation. This was discovered by reverse engineers hired by Koleje Dolnośląskie and confirmed by former Polish minister of digital affairs Janusz Cieszyński.

## Usage

| Country | Owner | Operator | Type | No. of cars | Number | Year |
| Poland | Koleje Dolnośląskie | Koleje Dolnośląskie | 31WE | 4 | 10 | 2013, 2015 |
| Poland | Koleje Dolnośląskie | Koleje Dolnośląskie | 36WEa | 3 | 6 | 2014–2015 |
| Poland | Koleje Dolnośląskie | Koleje Dolnośląskie | 45WE | 5 | 11 | 2017 |
| Poland | Koleje Dolnośląskie | Koleje Dolnośląskie | 36WEh | 3 | 2 out of 6 | 2021–2022 |
| Poland | Koleje Mazowieckie | Koleje Mazowieckie | 45WE | 5 | 12 | 2015 |
| Poland | Koleje Wielkopolskie | Koleje Wielkopolskie | 36WEhd | 3 | 4 out of 6 | 2020–2021, 2023 |
| Poland | Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna | Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna | 36WEd | 3 | 14 | 2018–2019 |
| Poland | Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna | Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna | 36WEh | 3 | 0 out of 3 | from 2023 |
| Poland | Polregio | Polregio | 31WE | 4 | 3 | 2017 |
| Poland | PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście | PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście | 31WE | 4 | 2 | 2016 |
| Poland | SKM Warszawa | SKM Warszawa | 35WE | 6 | 9 | 2012–2013 |
| Poland | SKM Warszawa | SKM Warszawa | 31WEba | 4 | 6 | 2022 |
| Poland | SKM Warszawa | SKM Warszawa | 45WEa | 5 | 15 | 2022 |
| Poland | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEa | 3 | 6 | 2014–2015 |
| Poland | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | Polregio | 31WEb | 4 | 5 | 2021 |
| Poland | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | Koleje Małopolskie | 31WE | 4 | 8 | 2016–2017 |
| Poland | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | Koleje Małopolskie | 45WE | 5 | 5 | 2016–2017 |
| Poland | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | Koleje Małopolskie | 31WEb | 4 | 4 | 2021 |
| Poland | Lublin Voivodeship | Polregio | 37WEa | 2 | 8 out of 9 | from 2021 |
| Poland | Lubusz Voivodeship | Polregio | 31WE | 4 | 3 | 2014–2015 |
| Poland | Lubusz Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEhd | 3 | 2 | 2020 |
| Poland | Opole Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEa | 3 | 7 | 2016–2018 |
| Poland | PKP Intercity | PKP Intercity | TBC | 6 | 0 out of 35 | TBC |
| Poland | Pomeranian Voivodeship | Polregio | 45WE | 5 | 10 | 2018–2020 |
| Poland | Silesian Voivodeship | Koleje Śląskie | 35WE | 6 | 1 | 2012 |
| Poland | Silesian Voivodeship | Koleje Śląskie | 36WEa | 3 | 3 | 2014 |
| Poland | Silesian Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEa | 3 | 3 | 2015 |
| Poland | Subcarpathian Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WE | 3 | 1 | 2013 |
| Poland | Subcarpathian Voivodeship | Polregio | 37WE | 2 | 2 | 2014 |
| Poland | Subcarpathian Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEa | 3 | 1 | 2015 |
| Poland | Subcarpathian Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEdb | 3 | 8 | 2020 |
| Poland | Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEa | 3 | 6 | 2014–2015 |
| Poland | Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship | Polregio | 31WE | 4 | 2 | 2018 |
| Poland | Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship | Polregio | 37WE | 2 | 1 | 2015 |
| Poland | West Pomeranian Voivodeship | Polregio | 31WE | 4 | 22 | 2013-2015, 2017–2018 |
| Poland | West Pomeranian Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEa | 3 | 18 | 2017–2018 |
| Poland | West Pomeranian Voivodeship | Polregio | 36WEh | 3 | 7 out of 12 | from 2020 |
| Italy | Ferrovie del Sud Est | Ferrovie del Sud Est | 36WEb | 3 | 11 out of 15 | from 2019 |