OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the United States

The Ambassador from New Zealand to the United States is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the United States of America, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in the United States.
The embassy is located in Washington, D.C., the United States' capital city. New Zealand has maintained a resident ambassador in the United States since 1961, and a resident Head of Mission since 1941.

## List of heads of mission

The following individuals have held the office:
| No. | Name | Term of office | Term of office |
| 1 | Walter Nash | 18 November 1941 | 16 March 1944 |
| 2 | Carl Berendsen | 16 March 1944 | 31 January 1952 |
| 3 | Leslie Munro | 31 January 1952 | 16 September 1958 |
| 4 | Lloyd White | 16 September 1958 | 28 April 1961 |
| 5 | George Laking | 28 April 1961 | 14 June 1967 |
| 6 | Frank Corner | 14 June 1967 | 2 October 1972 |
| (4) | Lloyd White | 2 October 1972 | 7 April 1978 |
| 7 | Merv Norrish | 7 April 1978 | 29 August 1980 |
| 8 | Frank Gill | 29 August 1980 | 1 March 1982† |
| 9 | Lance Adams-Schneider | 18 May 1982 | 5 March 1985 |
| 10 | Bill Rowling | 5 March 1985 | 20 February 1988 |
| 11 | Tim Francis | 20 February 1988 | 11 April 1991 |
| 12 | Denis McLean | 11 April 1991 | 23 June 1994 |
| 13 | John Wood | 23 June 1994 | 10 September 1998 |
| 14 | Jim Bolger | 10 September 1998 | January 2002 |
| (13) | John Wood | January 2002 | 2006 |
| 15 | Roy Ferguson | 2006 | 2010 |
| 16 | Mike Moore | 2010 | 16 December 2015 |
| 17 | Tim Groser | 2016 | February 2018 |
| 18 | Rosemary Banks | February 2018 | August 2022 |
| 19 | Bede Corry | September 2022 | June 2024 |
| (18) | Rosemary Banks | June 2024 | present |
# Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim

Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim (German: Pfalz-Simmern-Sponheim) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based in the County Palatine of Simmern and the Palatinian portion of the County of Sponheim in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim was created in 1559 when Frederick II of Palatinate-Simmern inherited the Electoral Palatinate and gave both Simmern and Sponheim to his younger brother George. George died in 1569 and was succeeded by another younger brother, Richard. After Richard's death in 1598, Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim passed back to the Elector Palatine.
# The Freedom Paradox

The Freedom Paradox: Towards a Post-Secular Ethics (Allen & Unwin, 274pp) is a 2008 book by Professor Clive Hamilton. This is a philosophical book related to the nature and consequences of advanced consumer capitalism. In the book Hamilton proposes a system of "post-secular ethics" that will serve as a challenge to the "moral malaise" occasioned by the "freedom of the marketplace". The book consists of five parts:
   * "In the first of these parts, Hamilton systematically works through the paradox of "unfreedom" to reveal the pathological structures ... that have subverted the promise of freedom heralded by the several revolutions of the twentieth century, of which economic liberalism is the most recent and enduring".
   * "In part two, Hamilton provides the metaphysical basis for his analysis - and for his resolution. The moral life has its basis in a conformity - a creative and vibrant conformity - with Schopenhauer's noumenon, a "metaphysical absolute" or "universal essence"." The noumenon was an origincal idea by Immanuel Kant and refers to the thing in itself.
   * "In the final three parts, Hamilton anneals his ethics in the forge of his metaphysics, and provides several practical applications (to suicide, sex, non-human life, aesthetics, sociality, happiness)."
The Freedom Paradox was launched in Canberra by Justice Michael Kirby on 5 August 2008.

## Quotes

* "Freed from want, discrimination and oppression, we huddle together like sheep seeking one another's comfort after the fences have been taken down, habituated to the domesticated life and fearful of what lies beyond". (p. 218)
* "Depression characterises contemporary consumer society". (p. 223)
# Ciucsângeorgiu

Ciucsângeorgiu (Hungarian: Csíkszentgyörgy) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Armășeni (Csíkménaság), Armășenii Noi (Ménaságújfalu), Bancu (Csíkbánkfalva), Ciobăniș (Csobányos), Ciucsângeorgiu, Cotormani (Kotormány), Eghersec (Egerszék), Ghiurche (Gyürke), and Potiond (Pottyond).

## Geography

The commune lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. It is situated in the foothills of the Ciuc Mountains, at an altitude of 743 m (2,438 ft), on the banks of the rivers Ciobănuș and Uz. Ciucsângeorgiu is located in the southeastern part of Harghita County, 15 km (9.3 mi) from the county seat, Miercurea Ciuc, on the border with Bacău County.

## History

The village formed part of the Székely seat of Csíkszék, then from 1876 until 1918 to Csík County in the Kingdom of Hungary. In the aftermath of World War I and the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1918–1919, it passed under Romanian administration; after the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, like the rest of Transylvania, it became part of the Kingdom of Romania. During the interwar period, Ciucsângeorgiu fell within plasa Sânmărtin in Ciuc County. In 1940, the Second Vienna Award granted Northern Transylvania to Hungary and the commune was held by Hungary until September 1944. The territory of Northern Transylvania remained under Soviet military administration until March 9, 1945, after which it became again part of Romania. Between 1952 and 1960, the commune fell within the Magyar Autonomous Region, between 1960 and 1968 the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region. In 1968, the region was abolished, and since then, the commune has been part of Harghita County.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the commune had a population of 4,839; out of them, 96% were Hungarian, 1.3% Roma, and 0.4% Romanians. 94% of the commune population were Roman Catholic, 1.6% Pentecostal, 0.5% Reformed, and 0.4% Orthodox. At the 2021 census, Ciucsângeorgiu had a population of 4,876; of those, 93.21% were Hungarians.

## Natives

* Ferenc Márton (1884 – 1940), Hungarian painter and graphic artist
# Wyoming Highway 161

Wyoming Highway 161 (WYO 161) is a 7.03-mile-long (11.31 km) Wyoming State Road located in eastern Goshen County and travels from an intersection with U.S. Route 85 (US 85) and WYO 152 near Yoder east to WYO 92 at Huntley.

## Route description

Wyoming Highway 161 is a 7.03-mile-long (11.31 km) highway that begins its west end at US 85 and the eastern terminus of WYO 152 just east of the town of Yoder (WYO 152 continues west). WYO 161 heads east, turns north briefly at approximately 3 miles, but quickly turns back east. For its entire length, WYO 161 travels through farmland and only intersects county and local roads. Highway 161 reaches its end at WYO 92 in the community of Huntley.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Goshen County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Yoder | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 85 / WYO 152 west | Western terminus; eastern terminus of WYO 152 |
| Huntley | 7.03 | 11.31 | WYO 92 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Centule II, Count of Bigorre

Centule II (also Centulle) (died 1129) was the Count of Bigorre from 1114 to his death. He established feudal bonds across the Pyrenees with Aragon. He was also a major participant in the Crusades, fighting in the army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles, and the Reconquista.
He was the second son of Centule V of Béarn by his second wife, Beatrice I of Bigorre. He succeeded his elder brother Bernard III's daughter Beatrice II. His elder half-brother Gaston IV was the viscount of Béarn and the two maintained excellent fraternal relations, undertaking almost every military expedition jointly.
Between 1095 and 1101, the two half-brothers were absent from the south of France on the First Crusade. While Gaston was one of the heroes of the Crusade and consequently finds mention in many chronicles, Centule had not yet succeeded his brother at that point and was a mere nobleman, without a fief.
In 1113, Bernard died and his successor, the heiress Beatrice, followed him to the grave the next year. Centule, now armed with the forces of Bigorre behind him, joined Gaston in an alliance with Alfonso the Battler, King of Aragon and Navarre, on the successful expedition against Zaragoza in 1118. For his part in the victory, Centule received a section of the city in fief of the king and twenty four villages in the Val d'Aran. He participated in the conquest of Tudela in 1119 and in the great attack on Granada in 1125–1126. In May 1122, he rendered homage to Alfonso for land he held across the Pyrenees.
Centule married Estefania, daughter of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Dolça de Gévaudaun. They had one daughter:
Centule died in 1129 and was succeeded by his daughter who was married to Pierre de Marsan. With this marriage she united the county of Bigorre and the viscounty of Marsan.

## Sources

| Preceded byBeatrice II | Count of Bigorre 1114–1129 | Succeeded byBeatrice III |
# Military Engineer Services (Pakistan)

Military Engineer Services (Urdu: ایم ای ایس, "MES") is an inter-service organization of the Ministry of Defence responsible primarily for engineering and construction services for the Pakistan Armed Forces, including the Army, Navy, Airforce and the Ministry of Defense Production. Furthermore, it is involved in complex construction projects including hospitals, buildings, workshops, roads etc.

## History

The organization's roots traces back to the 19th century with the foundation of the British Indian Army, a Public Works Department was established in the mid-1850s to oversee engineering and construction works while under the control of the Military Board and manned by personnel from the Engineering Corps. It had three branches, Military Works Branch and Civil Works Branch. In 1899, the organization was renamed as Military Works Services and placed under direct command of the Director General Military Works (DGMW). It was finally termed to its current name in 1923. By this time, the organization of the Engineer-in-Chief for British India was based on the workload of the MES. It was divided into four regional commands:-
* Northern Command (Headquarters at Rawalpindi)
* Central Command (Headquarters at Agra)
* Southern Command (Headquarters at Poona)
* Eastern Command (Headquarters at Calcutta)
After Independence of Pakistan in 1947, the armed forces reconstitution committee divided the former British Indian Armed Forces which resulted with Pakistan receiving most of Northern Command as part of its share. Between 1958 and 1960, the Military Engineering Services saw notable restructuring with its sub-branches being established after approval by the Ministry of Defense.

## Known projects

In 2023, the MES under the supervision of Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) initiated a major power project for the military cantonments in Pakistan. The project which has been approved by the Government of Pakistan, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA), and the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) will include collaboration with private companies including Nizam Energy, Solis Energy Solutions, and Foundation Solar Energy for the construction of solar power plants in order to shift energy dependence of cantonments from expensive sources to cheap renewable energy.
# Maine State Route 143

State Route 143 (SR 143) is a 15-mile-long (24 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. The highway, located entirely in Penobscot County, connects U.S. Route 202 (US 202) and SR 9 in the town of Dixmont and SR 222 in the town of Stetson.

## Route description

SR 143 begins at an intersection of Western Avenue (US 202 and SR 9) in the community of Dixmont Center. The highway heads north, later northeast, through a mostly wooded area in the central part of the state. It bends to the east as it passes in front of a few small farms. At Miles Road and Smith Road in the community of Simpson Corners, SR 143 turns to the north again heading through a forested area. In front of an elementary school, the road crosses into the town of Etna. Nearing Etna Center, SR 143 reaches an intersection with SR 69 heading towards the west and ramps to and from the northbound lanes of Interstate 95 (I-95) at its interchange 167. SR 69 and SR 143 form a short concurrency under I-95's overpasses. After passing the I-95's southbound entrance and exit ramps, SR 69 turns off the road to the east while SR 143 continues north.
Continuing through Etna, the highway climbs a small hill before descending again to an intersection with US 2 and SR 100. Past this intersection, the road continues downhill crossing a railroad at the center of the Etna settlement. It passes to the west of Etna Pond before crossing into Stetson. SR 143 resumes passing through a rural area passing to the west of a campground and Pleasant Lake before entering the community of Stetson and ending at SR 222.

## Major junctions

The entire route is in Penobscot County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Dixmont | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 202 / SR 9 (Western Avenue) / Kennebec Road | |
| Etna | 7.2 | 11.6 | SR 69 west (West Plymouth Road) – Pittsfield | Southern end of SR 69 concurrency |
| Etna | 7.2– 7.4 | 11.6– 11.9 | I-95 – Bangor, Newport | Exit 167 (I-95) |
| Etna | 7.5 | 12.1 | SR 69 east (Plymouth Road) / Center Lane – Carmel | Northern end of SR 69 concurrency |
| Etna | 9.5 | 15.3 | US 2 / SR 100 (Stage Road) – Newport, Bangor | |
| Stetson | 15.1 | 24.3 | SR 222 (Mullen Road) / Stetson Road – Corinna, Levant | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||
# Tennessee State Route 142

State Route 142 (SR 142) is a 24.59 mile long east-west state highway in West Tennessee.

## Route description

SR 142 begins in McNairy County in Selmer at an intersection with US 45/SR 5 south of downtown. It goes east to leave Selmer and pass through first farmland, then wooded areas, to pass through Stantonville, where it has a short concurrency with SR 224. The highway then turns southeast to pass through West Shiloh, where it has an intersection with SR 117, before crossing into Hardin County. SR 142 immediately enters Hurley and comes to an intersection and becomes concurrent with SR 22. They go south along the western edge of Shiloh National Military Park to arrive at Shiloh, where SR 142 splits off and goes south through wooded and hilly areas to pass by Childers Hill to enter Southside and come to an intersection with SR 57. It goes west along SR 57 for a short distance before turning south again through wooded areas to come to an end at the Mississippi state line, where it continues as Alcorn County Road 100 to Mississippi Highway 350 (MS 350), which is less than half a mile away, and the town of Farmington. The entire route of SR 142 is a two-lane highway.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| McNairy | Selmer | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 45 (Mulberry Avenue/SR 5) – Henderson, Downtown, Eastview, Corinth, MS | Western terminus |
| McNairy | Stantonville | | | SR 224 north (Gilchrist Stantonville Road) – Leapwood, Enville | Western end of SR 224 concurrency |
| McNairy | Stantonville | | | SR 224 south (Michie Pebble Hill Road) – Michie | Eastern end of SR 224 concurrency |
| McNairy | West Shiloh | | | SR 117 north (Shiloh Adamsville Road) – Adamsville | Southern terminus of SR 117 |
| Hardin | Hurley | | | SR 22 north – Crump | Western end of SR 22 concurrency |
| Hardin | Shiloh | | | SR 22 south – Michie | Eastern end of SR 22 concurrency |
| Hardin | Southside | | | SR 57 east – Counce | Western end of wrong-way SR 57 concurrency; provides access to Pickwick Landing Dam and Pickwick Landing State Park |
| Hardin | Southside | | | SR 57 west – Michie | Eastern end of wrong-way SR 57 concurrency |
| Hardin | ​ | 24.59 | 39.57 | CR 100 south (Kendrick Road) to MS 350 – Farmington | Mississippi state line; eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Tennessee State Route 147

State Route 147 (SR 147) is an east–west state highway that traverses Benton County in West Tennessee and Houston County in Middle Tennessee. The route is 23.64 miles (38.04 km) long, and it crosses Kentucky Lake/Tennessee River via a ferry boat.

## Route description
### Benton County

SR 147 begins in Benton County in West Tennessee in downtown Big Sandy at an intersection with SR 69A. It goes north as Main Street before curving east onto Front Street, then turns north onto 2nd Street, crosses a bridge over a creek, before turning east onto Lick Creek Road to leave Big Sandy. SR 147 then comes to a Y-Intersection where it becomes Danville Road. The highway then passes through wooded areas as it turns northeast and becomes curvy before reaching the Danville Ferry to cross Kentucky Lake/Tennessee River into Houston County and Middle Tennessee.

### Houston County

SR 147 continues east to pass through McKinnon, where it passes by Houston County Airport and has an intersection with SR 232, before passing through the community of Stewart. SR 147 continues east to enter Tennessee Ridge, where it passes through downtown before coming to an end at an intersection with SR 49.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Benton | Big Sandy | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 69A – Camden, Paris | Western terminus |
| Kentucky Lake/Tennessee River | Kentucky Lake/Tennessee River | | | Danville Ferry across Kentucky Lake/Tennessee River | Danville Ferry across Kentucky Lake/Tennessee River |
| Houston | McKinnon | | | SR 232 north (Standing Rock Road) – Dover, Paris | Southern terminus of SR 232 |
| Houston | Tennessee Ridge | 23.64 | 38.04 | SR 49 (Highway 49/W Main Street) – Dover, Erin | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||

## History

The ferry between Benton and Houston counties began operation in November 2007.
# Tennessee State Route 157

State Route 157 (SR 157) is a short secondary highway in northern Obion County, Tennessee.

## Route description

SR 157 begins at its junction with SR 22 northeast of Samburg and continues in a northerly direction toward the Kentucky/Tennessee state line as it passes through or nearby the unincorporated communities Walnut Log and Fishgap Hill. At the state line, the route changes to Kentucky Route 311 and continues on to Hickman, Kentucky. This highway carries a 55 mph (89 km/h) speed limit and is designated as a secondary highway throughout its entire length in the State of Tennessee. It also passes through the Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge.

## Points of Interest (South to North)

* Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge/Lake Isom National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters and Visitor Center
* Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge—Grassy Island Unit—Auto Tour, Hiking Trails, and Boat it Ramp off Walnut Log Road
* Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge—Long Point Unit—Access via Kentucky Route 311 and Kentucky Route 1282

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Obion County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 22 (W Highway 22) – Samburg, Union City | Southern terminus |
| ​ | 5.30 | 8.53 | KY 311 north – Hickman | Kentucky state line; northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Tennessee State Route 171

State Route 171 (SR 171) runs south–north through Davidson and Wilson counties in the state of Tennessee. It connects Interstate 24 to U.S. Route 70.

## Route description
### Davidson County

SR 171 begins in Davidson County in Antioch at an interchange with I-24 (Exit 62) in a large industrial park. It goes north as a 2-lane highway to leave the industrial park and pass through residential (with light commercial) areas to have an intersection with US 41/US 70S/SR 1 (Murfreesboro Pike), where it passes by the former site of Starwood Amphitheatre, which was the Nashville area's premier outdoor music venue until it closed following the 2006 season, before it crosses Percy Priest Lake (Stones River). Once across the water, SR 171 travels through Long Hunter State Park for a short distance, before entering another residential area and crossing into Wilson County.

### Wilson County

SR 171 continues north and passes through Rural Hill before entering Mount Juliet at its intersection with SR 265 (Central Pike). The highway almost immediately enters commercial areas and winds to a 4-lane undivided highway, and has an interchange with I-40 (Exit 226) soon afterwards. SR 171 continues north through some more residential areas before entering another commercial area, where it comes to an end at an intersection with US 70/SR 24 (Lebanon Road). Finally, the road ends in a dense commercial area, as it travels through the city of Mt. Juliet.

### SR 171 has four names along its route

* Old Hickory Boulevard (I-24 to US 41/US 70S)
* Hobson Pike (US 41/US 70S to curve near Wilson/Davidson county line)
* South Mt. Juliet Road (Curve near Wilson/Davidson county line to I-40)
* North Mt. Juliet Road (I-40 to US 70)

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Davidson | Antioch | 0.0 | 0.0 | I-24 – Nashville, Chattanooga | Southern terminus; I-24 exit 62 |
| Davidson | Antioch | | | US 41 / US 70S (Murfreesboro Pike/SR 1) – Nashville, Murfreesboro | |
| Davidson | ​ | | | Percy Priest Bridge over J. Percy Priest Lake | Percy Priest Bridge over J. Percy Priest Lake |
| Wilson | Mount Juliet | | | SR 265 (Central Pike) | |
| Wilson | Mount Juliet | | | I-40 – Nashville, Knoxville | I-40 exit 226 |
| Wilson | Mount Juliet | 18.0 | 29.0 | US 70 (Lebanon Road/SR 24) – Hermitage, Lebanon | Northern terminus of SR 171 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Tennessee State Route 178

State Route 178 (SR 178) is an 11.5-mile-long (18.5 km) north–south state highway in Tipton County, Tennessee. It connects the towns of Munford and Gilt Edge.

## Route description

SR 178 begins in Munford at an intersection with US 51/SR 3 and heads north through neighborhoods and subdivisions as Tipton Road. It then enters downtown along Tipton Street S, where it passes businesses before having an intersection with SR 206 (Munford Avenue). The highway then makes a left onto Main Street before turning right onto Munford Giltedge Road. SR 178 continues northeast to pass through neighborhoods before leaving Munford and winding its way northward through rural areas. It then enters Gilt Edge and comes to an end at a y-intersection with SR 59. The entire route of SR 178 is a two-lane highway.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Tipton County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Munford | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 51 (SR 3) – Millington, Brighton | Southern terminus |
| Munford | 2.0 | 3.2 | SR 206 south (Munford Avenue) – Atoka | Northern terminus of SR 206 |
| Gilt Edge | 11.5 | 18.5 | SR 59 – Randolph, Burlison, Covington | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||