OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Éguilles

Éguilles (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Agulha) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France. It is halfway between Saint-Cannat and Aix-en-Provence.

## History

Tracks of an early settlement dating back to the 3rd century BC have been found. However, it appears that in 124BC those tracks were destroyed.
In the 16th century, there were attacks from Aix-en-Provence and Les Baux-de-Provence, and the Castle was destroyed. In 1790 there were 180 inhabitants, mostly shepherds.
In the 19th century many inhabitants left owing to the Industrial Revolution. By 1936 there were only 730 inhabitants.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 2,561 | — |
| 1800 | 2,500 | −0.34% |
| 1806 | 2,594 | +0.62% |
| 1821 | 2,442 | −0.40% |
| 1831 | 2,280 | −0.68% |
| 1836 | 2,168 | −1.00% |
| 1841 | 1,970 | −1.90% |
| 1846 | 1,885 | −0.88% |
| 1851 | 1,766 | −1.30% |
| 1856 | 1,758 | −0.09% |
| 1861 | 1,780 | +0.25% |
| 1866 | 1,704 | −0.87% |
| 1872 | 1,551 | −1.56% |
| 1876 | 1,343 | −3.54% |
| 1881 | 1,143 | −3.17% |
| 1886 | 946 | −3.71% |
| 1891 | 895 | −1.10% |
| 1896 | 966 | +1.54% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 853 | −2.46% |
| 1906 | 881 | +0.65% |
| 1911 | 843 | −0.88% |
| 1921 | 708 | −1.73% |
| 1926 | 763 | +1.51% |
| 1931 | 758 | −0.13% |
| 1936 | 728 | −0.80% |
| 1946 | 777 | +0.65% |
| 1954 | 827 | +0.78% |
| 1962 | 1,181 | +4.55% |
| 1968 | 2,016 | +9.32% |
| 1975 | 3,033 | +6.01% |
| 1982 | 4,473 | +5.71% |
| 1990 | 5,950 | +3.63% |
| 1999 | 7,127 | +2.03% |
| 2007 | 7,544 | +0.71% |
| 2012 | 7,453 | −0.24% |
| 2017 | 7,856 | +1.06% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Personalities

* Jean Joseph Marius Diouloufet, Provençal writer, was born in Eguilles on 19 September 1771.
# Israel ben Joseph Halevi Caslari

Israel ben Joseph Halevi Caslari (Occitan:, Catalan:), also known as Crescas Caslari and Israel ben Joseph Halevi, was a Jewish physician and poet who lived at Avignon in 1327. He was the author of a liturgic poem for Purim, beginning with the words מי כמוך‎ ("Who is like you?"). In a manuscript of this poem (Rev. Et. Juives, ix. 116) the signature contains the words לבני יצהר‎ ("To the sons of Yitzhar"), from which Neubauer concludes that Crescas Caslari belonged to the family of the Yitzhari. This opinion, shared by Leopold Zunz, is criticized by Gross, who holds that the appellation is merely honorary, as it is in the Bible (Zech. iv. 14).
According to Zunz, Caslari was the author of a poem on the story of Esther and Mordecai, which he translated into the vernacular. A fragment of a Provençal poem by Maestro Crescas has been published in Romania (April, 1892). Caslari also translated Arnaud de Villeneuve's medical work entitled Liber de Regimine Sanitatis, dedicating it to James II of Aragon.
# Frederick Asbury Cullen

* Biography portal
* United States portal
Frederick Asbury (F.A.) Cullen (c. 1868– May 25, 1946) was an American Methodist minister, community and civil rights activist, based in Harlem, New York City. He supported legal and social protests, and was influential in working with the youth of his community.

## Early life and family

Frederick Asbury Cullen's parents were Isaac and Emmeline Williams Cullen. They had both been enslaved. Frederick Asbury Cullen was born c. 1868, in Fairmount, Maryland.
Sometime before 1919, he married Carolyn Belle Mitchell (d. 1932), a soprano and pianist from Baltimore. They worked together in the Church. They had one unofficially adopted child, Countee LeRoy Porter, who assumed the Reverend's last name. Countee Cullen was a poet, and is regarded as a notable member of the Harlem Renaissance.

## Career

It is said that his religious awakening occurred at Baltimore's Sharp Street Methodist Episcopal Church, in September 1894. He was ordained as a Methodist minister in 1900 in Delaware County, Maryland.(The Methodist Episcopal Church was the forerunner of the Methodist Church (1939) and the United Methodist Church (1968).) He successfully led a two church circuit in Catlin, Maryland from 1900 to 1902. Later, he was assigned to St. Mark's Church, a congregation of mostly Black parishioners in New York's East Village. The church had a storefront mission in Harlem, Salem Chapel. He reached out to children as a means of getting their parents involved in the church. His success in recruiting led to the mission being elevated to an independent entity in 1908, becoming the Salem Methodist Episcopal Church. He led this church for 40 years.
He served as President of the Harlem branch of the NAACP. Notably, he served as vice president for the historic 1917 Negro Silent Protest Parade.
# Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Kamianets-Podilskyi

The Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral (Ukrainian: Кафедральний собор св. Ап. Петра і Павла), also called Kamianets-Podilskyi Cathedral, is a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church which is in the cathedral square in city of Kamianets-Podilskyi in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in the western part of Ukraine.
The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and is home to the Diocese of Kamianets-Podilskyi (Dioecesis Camenecensis Latinorum, Кам'янець-Подільська дієцезія), originally created in 1373 and restored in 1918.
The church was built in the time of Bishop Jakub Buczacki in the 16th century in Renaissance style. The construction of the stone church is attributed to Bishop Paul from Bojańczyc). In the years 1646–1648, the cathedral was rebuilt in Baroque style. In 1672, during the Turkish occupation of these lands, the temple was transformed temporarily into a mosque and a minaret was built.
The buildings regained its status of a cathedral in 1699. In the middle of the 18th century, the cathedral was rebuilt in late Baroque style. On 14 May 1936 the Communist authorities closed the temple and transformed it into a museum.
It was temporarily open since the summer of 1941 to 4 June 1945. In the years 1946–1990 the church housed a "museum of atheism". On 13 June 1990 the church became functioning again, and on June 29 of that same year the first mass was celebrated.

## Gallery

* Interior
* Cemetery
* Monument to Pope John Paul II
* Gate
# Paulhan, Hérault

Paulhan (French pronunciation:,; Occitan pronunciation:) is a commune in Hérault, Occitania, Southern France.
Its inhabitants are called Paulhanais (male) or Paulhanaises (female).

## Twin towns

* Krailling, Germany
* Brezová pod Bradlom, Slovakia
* Košariská, Slovakia
# Bizanos

Bizanos (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Visanòs) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.

## Sports

The home ground of local football club Pau FC, the Nouste Camp, is located in Bizanos.
# Herz (surname)

Herz is a German surname meaning heart. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Herz, American writer and producer
* Adolf Herz (1862–1947), Austrian engineer, inventor of Herz spark plug, photographer and first editor of Camera Magazine
* Alice Herz (1882–1965), American pacifist
* Alice Herz-Sommer (1903–2014), Czech-born Jewish pianist, oldest Holocaust survivor
* Cornelius Herz (1845-1898), French-American businessman and politician involved in the 1892 Panama scandals
* Daniela Herz (born 1954), German businesswoman
* DJ Herz - (born 2001), Baseball pitcher for the Washington Nationals.
* Eberhard Herz, German American footballer
* Günter Herz (born 1940), German businessman
* Henri Herz (1803–1888), Austrian pianist, teacher, and composer
* Henriette Herz (1764–1847), German social leader
* John H. Herz (1908–2005), American scholar of international relations
* Juraj Herz (1934–2018), Slovak film director, writer and actor
* Martin F. Herz (1917–1983), American diplomat, ambassador
* Max Herz (businessman) (1905–1965), German businessman
* Michael Herz (businessman) (born 1943), German businessman
* Michael Herz (producer) (born 1949), American film producer, director and screenwriter
* Naphtali Herz Imber (1856–1909), itinerant poet, wrote lyrics of "Hatikvah", national anthem of Israel
* Winfried Herz (born 1929), German footballer
* Wolfgang Herz (born 1950), German businessman
# Lorenç Mallol

Lorenç Mallol (Catalan:, older spelling Lorenz; fl. 1350) was a Catalan poet of the fourteenth century, the first Petrarchan of his country and one of the last troubadours. His two surviving pieces are composed in Old Occitan. His first name is also spelled Laurenç (pronounced) in modern Occitan and Llorenç (pronounced) in modern Catalan.
Lorenç presented a certain vers figurat (figured verse), Sobre·l pus alt de tots los cims d'un arbre, to the Consistori del Gay Saber in Toulouse, a mystic allegory of Jesus Christ (Ihus lo salvaire), who is the auzel(l)et tot blanch (little all-white bird), and the Jews, who are a corps mot vils (most vile corpse). The arbre (tree) signifies la vera crotz (the true cross). The poem has two tornadas, one to Mon Ric(h) Thesaur (my rich treasure), a senhal (code name) for the Virgin Mary and another to the seven lords (senyor set) of the consistori del Gay Sauber. It is Enrich de Villena, a lord of the Consistori de Barcelona, who informs us that this was not that consistori but the one of Toulouse, since the piece was written before the foundation in Barcelona (1393). The Marian reference is very typical for the Consistori of Toulouse and this poem is usually classed as a religious sirventes. It is unknown if it won a prize at the joc florals or even when it was composed.
More useful for garnering an understanding of Catalan and Occitan literature of the period, is Lorenç' escondig (escondit), which cannot be connected to the Consistori or its competitions. Moltes de vetz, dompna, ·m suy presentatz, as it begins, describes how certain jealous men (lauzengiers) told his lady that Lorenç was bragging that she loved him, a discourteous violation of the secrecy of love. Lorenç denies the charge in a way clearly inspired by Petrarch's fifteenth canzone, which begins S'i'l dissi mai ("If I ever said that"). This line, translated into Occitan, is how the main (14 of 17) stanzas of Lorenç' 132-line poem begin: Si·u diguí may. The poet then describes the horrible fate which would await him for so treacherous a betrayal. The tornada employs the same senhal, Mon Rich Thesaur, as the religious poem, this time for an anonymous lady presumably not the Virgin. From another direction Lorenç seems influenced by Bertran de Born, who wrote the only escondig attributable to a troubadour. In Lorenç, Renaissance Petrarchism and reactionary troubadourism are combined.
Despite this, Lorenç is not avant garde. His poetry is not of especial literary quality, nor is his imitation of Petrarch the beginning of a trend. He did not borrow from Petrarch any of the latter's superior poetic innovations. Rather, he so happens to be one of the few Catalans of his time to find in Petrarch and the Italians things worth copying and fitting into their troubadouresque structures.

## Works available online

* Incipitario de Llorenç Mallol: includes edited texts of the original language for both of his extant poems.
# Cançoner Vega-Aguiló

The Cançoner Vega-Aguiló (Catalan:, Occitan:) is a chansonnier predominantly carrying Catalan and Occitan pieces, but also some Castilian and Middle French verse.

## List of poets with pieces in the Vega-Aguiló

| Uguet del Vallat Gilabert de Próixida Pere March Andreu Febrer Melcior de Gualbes Lluís Icart Rajadell Arnau March Jordi de Sant Jordi Joan Basset Gabriel Ferrús Guerau de Massanet | Jaume Bonet Joan d'Olivella A. de Montanyans Francesc de la Via Narcís de Sant Dionís Jacme Escrivà Joan Sesavasses Pardo Ivany Peires de Rius Guillem de Cabestany Peire Cardenal | Raymond Berengar V of Provence Cadenet Arnaut de Maruelh Blacasset Folquet de Marselha Uc de Sant Circ Peire Vidal Peire Català Bernart de Ventadorn Jutge d'Aurena Arnaut Daniel Guilhem de Sant Leidier | Peter II of Aragon Queen of Majorca Rigaut de Berbezilh Pistoleta Ponç d'Ortafà Raimbaut de Vaqueiras Cappellà de Bolquera Guillem de Montanhagol Cerverí de Girona Joan Ramon Ferrer Bernat de Palaol Aimeric de Peguilhan | Joseta Pere Tresfort Bernat Metge Vicenç Comes Guillem de Torroella Guillaume de Machaut Oton III de Grandson Jean de Garencières Raimon de Cornet Lesparre Figueres |
# Arties

Arties (Occitan pronunciation:) is a locality located in the municipality of Naut Aran, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 492.

## Geography

Arties is located 168km north of Lleida.
# Tredós

Tredòs (Occitan pronunciation:) is a locality and decentralized municipal entity located in the municipality of Naut Aran, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 176.

## Geography

Tredòs is located 172km north-northeast of Lleida.
# Mont (Vielha e Mijaran)

Mont (Occitan pronunciation:) is a locality located in the municipality of Vielha e Mijaran, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 78.

## Geography

Mont is located 167km north of Lleida.
# Alessandro Minelli (footballer, born 1999)

Alessandro Minelli (born 23 July 1999) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Serie C Group C club Giugliano.

## Club career
### Early career

He started his senior career in Serie D with Olginatese in the 2015–16 season. For the next two seasons he played for the Under-19 squads of Inter Milan and Pescara.

### Rende

On 19 July 2018, he signed his first professional contract with Serie C club Rende for a two-year term. He made his Serie C debut for Rende on 16 September 2018 in a game against Paganese, as a starter.

### Parma
#### Loan to Rende

On 30 January 2019, he signed a 4.5-year contract with Parma and was loaned back to Rende until the end of the 2018–19 season.

#### Loan to Trapani

On 2 September 2019, he joined Serie B club Trapani on loan.

### Juventus

On 31 January 2020, Parma terminated his loan to Trapani early and sold his rights to Juventus.

#### Loans

On 4 September 2020, he joined Bari on loan with an option to purchase.
On 6 August 2021, he joined Cosenza on loan.
On 21 January 2022, he moved on a new loan to Pro Vercelli in Serie C.
On 1 September 2022, Minelli was loaned by Virtus Francavilla.

### Giugliano

On 22 August 2024, Minelli signed a two-year contract with Giugliano.

## Honours and achievements
### Club

Juventus U23
* Coppa Italia Serie C: 2019–20
# Ernest L. Hazelius House

Ernest L. Hazelius House is a historic home located at Lexington, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1830, and is a one-story, rectangular frame dwelling with a hall and parlor plan and four small bedrooms across the rear. It was the home of Ernest L. Hazelius, a clergyman of the Lutheran Church, academician, philosopher, author, and educator. The house was also the location where the traveling evangelist Charlie Tillman wrote down the song "Give Me that Old Time Religion" after hearing African-American citizens singing it.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and became a part of the Lexington County Museum in 1974, where it serves as the museum's tour office.
# List of hospitals in Malta

The following is a list of hospitals in Malta.

## Public hospitals
### Open

| Name | Locale | Purpose |
| Mater Dei Hospital (L-Isptar Mater Dei) | Msida | Acute and general care, teaching hospital |
| Sir Anthony Mamo Oncology Centre (Ic-Centru Tal-Onkologija Sir Anthony Mamo) | Msida | Oncology |
| Karin Grech Hospital (L-Isptar Karen Grech) | Pietà | Rehabilitation |
| Sir Paul Boffa Hospital (L-Isptar Boffa) | Floriana | Oncology, palliative care and dermatology |
| St. Vincent De Paul Residence (San Vincenz de Paul or L-Ingieret) | Luqa | Long-term care |
| Mount Carmel Hospital (L-Isptar Monti Karmeli) | Attard | Psychiatric hospital |
| Zammit Clapp Hospital (L-Isptar Zammit Clapp) | San Giljan | Nursing home |
| Gozo General Hospital (L-Isptar Generali ta' Ghawdex) | Victoria | General hospital for the island of Gozo |

### Closed

| Name | Locale | Purpose |
| St. Luke's Hospital (L-Isptar San Luqa) | Pietà | Former Acute General Teaching Hospital |
| RNH Mtarfa | L-Imtarfa | Former Hospital |
| St Philip's Hospital | Santa Venera | Former Private Hospital |
| RNH Bighi | Il-Kalkara | Former Hospital |

## Private hospitals

* Saint Thomas Hospital, Qormi
* Good Samaritan Hospital, St. Paul's Bay
* DaVinci Hospital, B'Kara (private hospital)
* Saint James Hospital Group
** Saint James Capua Hospital, Sliema
** Saint James Hospital, Żejtun

## Historical

In 1625, Caterina Scappi founded the first hospital exclusively for women in Malta, known as La Casetta or Santa Maria della Scala, and later Santa Maria della Pietà. The hospital was eventually destroyed.
# Timothy Shelpidi

Timothy Mai Shelpidi (4 September 1948 – 2 March 2018) was a Nigerian general and diplomat, who served as the ambassador of Nigeria to the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2011. A retired major general, he served as commander of the ECOMOG Peacekeeping Force in Liberia from 1998 to 1999, and was commander of the ECOMOG Peacekeeping Force in Guinea Bissau in 1997.
Born on 4 September 1948, He enlisted in the Nigerian Army in 1967, he started his training at the Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna and was commissioned a Regular Combatant Officer on 4 March 1970. Between 1990 and 1992, he was principal staff officer to Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
After retirement, he went briefly into politics, contesting for the governorship of his home state of Gombe in 2003. He died on 2 March 2018, at the Federal Medical Center, Abuja, after a protracted illness, and was buried on 13 March 2018, in his home town of Boh, in Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State.

## Qualifications and decorations

Shelpidi has attended various military courses in Nigeria and overseas.
* 1971: All Arms Tactics Course
* 1977 - 1978: Army Command and Staff Course.
* 1988: National Defence College, India
* He speaks English, Hausa language and Tangale language.
* He is married and has children.
* Pass Staff College (psc)
* MSC Defensce Studies
* Forces Service Star (fss)
* Meritorious Service Star (mss),
1973 he was Commanding Officer of the 124 Infantry Battalion. In 1996 he was MAJOR GENERAL (mss, psc, ndc), Chief of Research and Development In 1997, he was Commander of the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group in Guinea Bissau. From 18 September 2008 to 14 October 2011 he administrated the Embassy of Nigeria in Moscow.
# Kiyohara no Iehira

Kiyohara no Iehira (清原家衡) (died 1087) was a member of the Kiyohara clan, which wielded significant power in the Tōhoku region from around 1063 to 1089, during Japan's Heian period; he was also a key participant in the Gosannen War which grew out of conflicts within the clan.
In the early 1080s, a conflict developed between Iehira and his relatives Narihira and Masahira, who were each head of one branch of the family; each desired to head the honke (main family line). By 1083, this conflict had erupted into outright violence. Minamoto no Yoshiie traveled to the region in hopes of settling the conflict and restoring peace and order.
Yoshiie allied himself to Iehira, and attempted to settle the issue diplomatically. When that failed, he went into battle, alongside Iehira and Fujiwara no Kiyohira, a cousin of the Kiyohara, against Kiyohara no Sanehira. After Sanehira's defeat, however, Iehira saw the possibility of his own rise to power improving; Yoshiie and Iehira turned on one another. The battles between the two would prove to be the main action of the war.
Iehira first made a stand in 1086 at a stockade called Numa. The Minamoto suffered heavy losses besieging this stockade, due primarily to the cold and snow, and had to withdraw. Iehira, with his uncle Takehira, then established a camp near Yoshiie's fortress at Kanezawa. Yoshiie, allied with his brother Yoshimitsu and Fujiwara Kiyohira, laid siege to the Kiyowara position from August to November 1087. The Kiyowara were defeated and both Iehira and Takehira killed.
According to the Kokon Chomonjū, Yoshiie saw a flock of birds emerge from the forest when he was on his way to attack the Kiyohara camp; this told him that an ambush had been set up, since the Kiyohara ambushers disturbed the birds, and thus Yoshiie was able to avoid the attack.
# Ershov Number

Ershov numbers, named after Andrey Petrovich Yershov, are used in code optimization to minimize the amount of register allocations. Ershov numbers can be used in methods to optimally select registers when there is only one expression in a code block. Given an expression E = E$_1$ op E$_2$ the goal is to generate code so as to either minimize the number of registers used, or, if an insufficient number of registers is available, to minimize the number of nonregister temporaries required.

## Definition

The Ershov number $n$ of a node in a given expression tree is defined as follows:
* Every leaf has $n=1$.
* For a node with one child, $n$ is the same as the child's.
* For a node with two children with Ershov numbers $n_{1}$ and $n_{2}$ , $n$ is defined as:
    $n={\begin{cases}\max(n_{1},n_{2})&{\text{if }}n_{1}\neq n_{2},\\n_{1}+1&{\text{if }}n_{1}=n_{2}.\end{cases}}$
The Ershov number of a node represents the minimum number of registers required to evaluate the subexpression whose root is that node. The idea is that we evaluate the child with the larger Ershov number first, then the other child, then perform the operation at the root.

## Example

Suppose we have an expression tree with a '+' operation at the root, and the left and right subtrees have Ershov numbers of 3 and 4, respectively. The Ershov number of this node is 4, so we should be able to generate code for the expression using 4 registers.
* Generate code to evaluate the right child using registers r1, r2, r3, and r4. Place the result in r1.
* Generate code to evaluate the left child using registers r2, r3, and r4. Place the result in r2.
* Issue the instruction ADD r1, r1, r2, which adds r1 and r2 and stores the result in r1.

## Code generation

The general procedure for generating code using a minimal number of loads and stores from memory is as follows:
* Generate code for the child with the largest Ershov number first
* Issue an instruction to store the result in a temporary register, or, if none is available, a temporary location in memory
* Generate code for the child with the smaller Ershov number
* Issue an instruction to load the temporary variable back into a register
* Issue an instruction to perform the operation at the root
In the ideal case, if there are n registers and the first subexpression requires n registers and the next subexpression requires n - 1 registers, a single register can be used to store the result of the first expression, and there will still be n - 1 registers available to compute the next subexpression, therefore requiring no loads or stores from memory at all.
If the Ershov number of the root of the expression tree is greater than the number of registers available, the Ershov number can also be used to determine the amount of additional temporary memory space required, for example on the stack.
# The Council of Egypt

The Council of Egypt (Italian: Il consiglio d'Egitto) is a 2002 Italian drama film directed by Emidio Greco. It is based on the novel with the same name written by Leonardo Sciascia. It premiered at the 2002 Montreal World Film Festival, in which it entered the main competition. The film was awarded with a Nastro d'Argento for best scenography.

## Cast

* Silvio Orlando: Don Giuseppe Vella
* Tommaso Ragno: Layer Francesco Paolo Di Blasi
* Renato Carpentieri: Monsignor Ayroldi
* Antonio Catania: Don Saverio Zarbo
* Marine Delterme: Countess Regalpetra
* Leopoldo Trieste: Father Salvatore
* Giancarlo Giannini: Narrator (voice)