OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semi-locally simply connected

In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, semi-locally simply connected is a certain local connectedness condition that arises in the theory of covering spaces. Roughly speaking, a topological space X is semi-locally simply connected if there is a lower bound on the sizes of the “holes” in X. This condition is necessary for most of the theory of covering spaces, including the existence of a universal cover and the Galois correspondence between covering spaces and subgroups of the fundamental group.
Most “nice” spaces such as manifolds and CW complexes are semi-locally simply connected, and topological spaces that do not satisfy this condition are considered somewhat pathological. The standard example of a non-semi-locally simply connected space is the Hawaiian earring.

## Definition

A space X is called semi-locally simply connected if every point x in X and every neighborhood V of x has an open neighborhood U of x such that $x\in U\subset V$ with the property that every loop in U can be contracted to a single point within X (i.e. every loop in U is nullhomotopic in X). The neighborhood U need not be simply connected: though every loop in U must be contractible within X, the contraction is not required to take place inside of U. For this reason, a space can be semi-locally simply connected without being locally simply connected. Equivalent to this definition, a space X is called semi-locally simply connected if every point in X has a open neighborhood U with the property that every loop in U can be contracted to a single point within X .
Another equivalent way to define this concept is the following, a space X is semi-locally simply connected if every point in X has an open neighborhood U for which the homomorphism from the fundamental group of U to the fundamental group of X, induced by the inclusion map of U into X, is trivial.
Most of the main theorems about covering spaces, including the existence of a universal cover and the Galois correspondence, require a space to be path-connected, locally path-connected, and semi-locally simply connected, a condition known as unloopable (délaçable in French). In particular, this condition is necessary for a space to have a simply connected covering space.

## Examples

A simple example of a space that is not semi-locally simply connected is the Hawaiian earring: the union of the circles in the Euclidean plane with centers (1/n, 0) and radii 1/n, for n a natural number. Give this space the subspace topology. Then all neighborhoods of the origin contain circles that are not nullhomotopic.
The Hawaiian earring can also be used to construct a semi-locally simply connected space that is not locally simply connected. In particular, the cone on the Hawaiian earring is contractible and therefore semi-locally simply connected, but it is clearly not locally simply connected.

## Topology of fundamental group

In terms of the natural topology on the fundamental group, a locally path-connected space is semi-locally simply connected if and only if its quasitopological fundamental group is discrete.
# Ivan K. Schuller

Ivan K. Schuller (born 1946 in Romania) is an American condensed matter experimental physicist. He is born 1946 in Cluj, Northern Transylvania, which belonged to Hungary until 1947. He is best known for his work on superlattices. His interests are focused on thin films, nanostructures, novel materials, magnetism, and superconductivity.
The Romanian-born Schuller received his Licenciado (1970) from the University of Chile, MS degree (1972) and PhD (1976) from Northwestern University. From 1978 to 1987, he was a senior physicist and group leader at Argonne National Laboratory. Since 1987, he has been a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego; in addition to this position, he is also Layer Leader-Materials and Devices of CAL-(IT)2 Institute, and director-AFOSR-MURI at UCSD. He held visiting professorships at the Catholic University -Santiago, Chile; Universidad del Valle, Colombia; the Catholic University-Leuven, Belgium, and the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany.
Schuller is a professor of physics at UC San Diego, and the recipient of numerous prizes, including the David Adler Lectureship (2003), Alexander von Humboldt Award (2000), Wheatley Award (1999), DOE Outstanding Scientific Accomplishments (1987), a Doctor Honoris Causa at Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2005) and the 2015 Lise Meitner Lectureship Award. Schuller is a president of the board of trustees and scientific advisory committee at the IMDEA Nanoscience Institute. Schuller was elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2018.
# 1984 ECAC South men's basketball tournament

The 1984 ECAC South men's basketball tournament (that year's edition of the annual tournament now known as the Colonial Athletic Association men's basketball tournament) was held March 8–10 at the JMU Convocation Center in Harrisonburg, Virginia.
Richmond defeated Navy in the championship game, 74–55, to win their first ECAC South men's basketball tournament and, therefore, earn an automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA tournament. This was Richmond's first-ever bid to the NCAA tournament.

## Bracket

| Quarterfinals Thursday, March 8 | Quarterfinals Thursday, March 8 | Quarterfinals Thursday, March 8 | Semifinals Friday, March 9 | Semifinals Friday, March 9 | Semifinals Friday, March 9 | Championship Saturday, March 10 | Championship Saturday, March 10 | Championship Saturday, March 10 |
| | | | 1 | Richmond | 65 | | | |
| | | | 5 | James Madison | 57 | | | |
| 4 | George Mason | 56 | 5 | James Madison | 57 | | | |
| 5 | James Madison | 63 | | | | | | |
| 5 | James Madison | 63 | | | | 1 | Richmond | 74 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Navy | 55 |
| 3 | William & Mary | 47 | | | | | | | 2 | Navy | 55 |
| 6 | East Carolina | 32 | | | | | | |
| 6 | East Carolina | 32 | 3 | William & Mary | 57 | | | |
| | | | 2 | Navy | 67 | | | |
# William Povey

William Povey (born 11 January 1943) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger in the Football League for York City, and was on the books of Middlesbrough where he made 6 league appearances.
# Ballard-Hudson High School

Ballard-Hudson High School was a high school in Macon, Georgia, United States.
Several buildings have existed on the site. Ballard-Hudson Senior High School was built in 1949 as the only high school in Macon for African Americans in grades nine through twelve. The school represents the merger of two schools: Ballard High School, a private school with roots in Lewis High School, established in 1868 by the American Missionary Association, and Hudson High School, a public industrial high school. In 1970, the same year a federal court required the integration of all public schools in Georgia, Ballard-Hudson Senior High School was reorganized and renamed as Ballard Hudson Junior High "B" and along with the newer Ballard Hudson "A" Junior High further west on Anthony Road, became the feeder schools of the consolidated Southwest Senior High School (formally Willingham Boys and McEvoy Girls High Schools). The 1949 campus was demolished and replaced on the same site with Southeast High School.
It competed in the Georgia Interscholastic Association and won state championships in basketball.
In January 2008 a new Ballard Hudson Middle School was built, as a part of the 2005 Capital Improvement Program, funded by the ESPLOST.

## Notable alumni

* Tommy Hart, former professional football player (San Francisco 49ers, Chicago Bears, New Orleans Saints)
* Blue Moon Odom, former professional baseball player (Oakland Athletics, Atlanta Braves, Chicago White Sox)
* Otis Redding, musician
* Little Richard, musician
* Elmore Smith, former professional basketball player (Buffalo, Los Angeles Lakers, Milwaukee Bucks, Cleveland Cavaliers)
# Bernardo Frizoni

Bernardo Frizoni (born 12, March 1990) is a Brazilian football player who plays for Czech club.

## Career
### FK Bodva Moldava nad Bodvou

In winter 2011, Bernardo Frizoni has signed contract for Slovak club FK Bodva Moldava nad Bodvou.

### FK Viktoria Žižkov

On 18 February 2019, Viktoria Žižkov announced that they had signed Bernardo on a contract until 30 June 2019.
# Infrared compact catalogue

In astronomy, infrared compact or IRc designations refer to objects in several astronomical catalogues. The first is a list of near-infrared sources in the NGC 6334 molecular cloud. There are also a series of infrared catalogues of objects in Orion.
# Hit or Miss (New Found Glory song)

"Hit or Miss" is the debut single by New Found Glory originally from their 1999 debut studio album, Nothing Gold Can Stay.
In 2000, "Hit or Miss" was re-recorded for the band's second studio album, New Found Glory. The new version charted at number 15 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in April 2001 and number 58 on the UK Singles Chart in June 2001. The new version appeared in American Pie 2 and The Benchwarmers.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Hit or Miss" :
| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 15 |

## Track listing

* CD single
* "Hit or Miss (Waited Too Long)" – 3:22
* "So Many Ways" – 2:59
* "You've Got a Friend in Pennsylvania" – 3:59
* Hit or Miss (Waited Too Long) – Video
# Yuto

Yuto may refer to:
* Yūto, a masculine Japanese given name
* Yūtō, Shizuoka, a former town in Hamana District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
* Yuto, Jujuy, a city in Jujuy Province, Argentina
* Yutō, a wooden container used for serving hot liquids, as in kaiseki cuisine
# Aoba-dōri Station

Aoba-dōri Station (あおば通駅, Aoba-dōri-eki) is a JR East railway station located in Aoba-ku in Sendai, Miyagi. Its official English name is Aobadori Avenue.
There is a direct transfer gate between the platform of this station to the platform of the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Sendai Station. The Sendai Subway Tōzai Line is connected through the platform of the Namboku Line. Before the extension of the Senseki Line from Sendai Station, passengers from the subway would have to disembark and walk a good distance to the Senseki Line platform in Sendai Station. It is the departure station for the Mangattan, a "manga train" that runs every Sunday with manga characters from Shotaro Ishinomori's work decorated on the body of the train.

## Line

* JR East
** Senseki Line

## Surrounding area

* Clis Road Shopping District
* Sendai Subway Namboku Line and Sendai Subway Tōzai Line - Sendai Station
* Sendai Station

## History

* March 11, 2000: Station begins operation as the conversion of the Senseki Line in downtown Sendai to underground track completes.
# Mouez Hassen

Mouez Hassen (Arabic: مُعِزّ حَسَن; born 5 March 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 side Club Africain. Born in France, he plays for the Tunisia national team.

## Early life

Hassen was born in Fréjus, Var.

## Career
### Nice

Hassen made his Ligue 1 debut on 25 September 2013 in a 2–0 away defeat against FC Nantes.

### Southampton

On 31 January 2017, Hassen signed a five-month loan deal with Southampton, where he was re-united with his former manager, Claude Puel, although he made no appearances for the club.

### Châteauroux

Hassen joined Châteauroux on loan on 9 July 2017.

### Cercle Brugge

On 1 November 2019, Hassen signed a one-season contract with a one-season extension option with Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge.

### Club Africain

On 9 September 2021 he joined Tunisian club Club Africain.

## International career

Hassen made his debut for Tunisia keeping a clean sheet in an international friendly against Costa Rica on 27 March 2018 at the Allianz Riviera in Nice.
In June 2018, it was revealed that Hassen had faked being injured during two international friendly matches against Portugal and Turkey to allow teammates to eat food mid-game and break their fast during the month of Ramadan.
In June 2018, he was named in Tunisia's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 16 July 2019
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Nice | 2013–14 | Ligue 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Nice | 2014–15 | Ligue 1 | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Nice | 2015–16 | Ligue 1 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Nice | 2016–17 | Ligue 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nice | Total | Total | 49 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 0 |
| Southampton (loan) | 2016–17 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Châteauroux (loan) | 2017–18 | Ligue 2 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 78 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 0 |

### International

    As of match played 5 June 2021
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Tunisia | 2018 | 4 | 0 |
| Tunisia | 2019 | 8 | 0 |
| Tunisia | 2021 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 14 | 0 |

## Honours

Southampton
* EFL Cup runner-up: 2016–17
# LuEsther Mertz

LuEsther Turner Mertz (December 30, 1905, in Cincinnati, Ohio – February 5, 1991, in Port Washington, New York) was a businesswoman and philanthropist. She was the youngest child of a Methodist minister and his wife and trained as a librarian at Syracuse University.
In 1953, LuEsther and her husband, Harold Mertz, along with their daughter, Joyce, founded Publishers Clearing House. Over the years, Publishers Clearing House grew from an initial mailing of 10,000 letters to a marketing legend. Mrs. Mertz was active in the company's management, serving as a member of its executive committee until her death in 1991.
In 1962 she founded Choice Magazine Listening, an audio anthology of magazine writing for the visually impaired. She believed that visually impaired people and those with disabilities that prevented them from reading standard print should have access to the same magazine writing as sighted people. She established the nonprofit Lucerna Fund to support the efforts of Choice Magazine Listening. She went on to become a major supporter of Lincoln Center, Central Park Conservancy, New York City Ballet, New York Shakespeare Festival, Joyce Theater Foundation, New York Botanical Garden, the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, Joseph Papp's Public Theater, and the American Civil Liberties Union.
In her own town she served as a trustee of the Port Washington Public Library and was a founding member of the Port Washington League of Women Voters. LuEsther Mertz was awarded the Mayor's Award for Arts and Culture in 1983 and the New York State Governor's Arts Award in 1986. In 1980, Dennis Murphy and Paul Ehrlich of the Center for Conservation Biology named a subspecies of the Edith's checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha luestherae, in her honor.
Since her death in 1991, aged 85, the LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable Trust has contributed to core programs at the New York Botanical Garden in horticulture, science, and visitor services, as well as to the construction of the Garden Cafe and Terrace Room, an important visitor amenity that opened in 1997. The LuEsther T. Mertz Library is named after her. The trust also donates annually to 13 other named beneficiaries.
# Arkaitz Durán

Arkaitz Durán Aroca (born 19 May 1986) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer. He competed professionally from 2005 to 2015 for Saunier Duval–Prodir, Efapel–Glassdrive and OFM–Quinta da Lixa, and as an amateur in 2012 for Telco'm–Conor Azysa. Durán never had any victories as a professional.

## Major results
### 2002

    3rd National Junior Cyclo-Cross Championships

### 2009

    9th Subida a Urkiola

### 2011

    2nd Trofeo Inca

### 2012

    1st Overall Vuelta a Cantabria
    1st Stages 4 & 5 Vuelta a Navarra
    1st Stage 3 Tour of Galicia
    1st Subida a Urraki
    8th Overall Vuelta Ciclista a León

### 2013

    6th Overall Vuelta a Asturias

### 2014

    2nd Overall Grande Prémio Abimota
       1st Prologue

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | 81 |
| Vuelta a España | DNF | — | 40 | DNF |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Grace Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.)

Grace Episcopal Church, built in 1867, is an historic Episcopal church located at 1041 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Historically known as Grace Protestant Episcopal Church, it was added under that name to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1971. It is also known as Mission Church for Canal Boatmen.
Grace Church is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. The Reverend David C. Wacaster is the current rector.
# Gurinder Josan

Gurinder Singh Josan CBE (born August 1972) is a British politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Smethwick for Labour since the 2024 general election.

## Early life and career

Josan served on Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council, and sits on Labour's National Executive Committee and the West Midlands' Strategic Policing and Crime Board.
He was elected as councillor for the St Paul's ward of Sandwell Metropolitan Borough in the 2002 Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council election and he served until 2010.
He is a trustee of the HOPE Not Hate charitable trust, a former trustee of the Guru Nanak Gurdwara, Smethwick, a former member of the national executive of the Sikh Council UK, and is a governor for three schools. He is a landlord and owns eight rental properties.
He was elected to the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party in April 2020.
On 30 May 2024, Josan was selected as Labour's parliamentary candidate to contest the Smethwick constituency in the 2024 United Kingdom general election. He won the seat with 16,858 votes (48.0%), and a majority of 11,188 (31.6%).

## Awards

He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours, "for political service".
# Elizabeth Pohlmann House

The Elizabeth Pohlmann House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Elizabeth Pohlmann was the widow of Herman B. Pohlmann, and she had this house built in 1896. The Pohlmann's were part of the German-ethnic community that lived on the northwest side of Davenport. The house features the hip roof and gable projections typically found in the Queen Anne style. But it also includes full cornice returns, which create pediments, and light colored brick typical of the Colonial Revival style. The 2½-story residence also features a main entrance framed by sidelights and an art glass transom over a plate glass parlor window. Both the front and the back of the house are missing prominent porches that were originally part of the structure. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.
# Wyoming Highway 24

Wyoming Highway 24 (WYO 24), also known as the Bear Lodge Highway, is a 46.72-mile (75.19 km) state highway in Crook County, Wyoming, United States. that connects U.S. Route 14 (US 14) in Carlile Junction with South Dakota Highway 34 (SD 34) at the South Dakota state line. The route passes through the northern portion of the Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills National Forest. The highway also passes by Devils Tower National Monument.

## Route description

WYO 24 is begins at US 14 in Carlile Junction (also known as Devils Tower Junction). From its western terminus, it travels in a north–south direction, although the route is signed east–west. It is mainly a two-lane highway from US 14 to near Devils Tower National Monument. When it gets to Devils Tower, it spawns a short spur, Wyoming Highway 110 (WYO 110). After passing by WYO 110, it curves northeast-southwest. The road reaches Hulett, where it intersects Wyoming Highway 112. In Hulett, WYO 24 is dubbed Main Street and A Street. Moving on, WYO 24 curves to the signed east–west orientation, but curves northwest-southeast. WYO 24 passes by some gulches, most notably Reservoir Gulch and Lucky Gulch. WYO 24 then turns south, then generally follows the east–west orientation. It then intersects Wyoming Highway 111 a short time later. There are no further major junctions and towns on the route, as WYO 24 crosses the state line and becomes SD 34.

## History

WYO 24 was not in the original State Highway grid until 1961. The predecessor to this route was Wyoming Highway 514.
In 2018, the speed limit on WYO 24 near Devils Tower was reduced from 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) to 45 mph (72 km/h) due to higher traffic volumes during peak travel seasons and the road's history of collisions. The monument had its highest visitor count in 2021, which saw traffic jams from the entrance that slowed a section of WYO 24.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Crook County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Carlile Junction | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 14 north – Sundance, Spearfish (South Dakota) US 14 south – Moorcroft, Gillette | Western terminus; T intersection |
| Devils Tower | 5.98 | 9.62 | WYO 110 west (Devils Tower Monument Road) – Devils Tower | Eastern terminus of WYO 110; T intersection |
| Hulett | 14.79 | 23.80 | Bridge over Belle Fourche River | Bridge over Belle Fourche River |
| Hulett | 15.13 | 24.35 | WYO 112 north (Hulett–Alzada Highway) – Alzada (Montana) | Southern terminus of WYO 112; T intersection |
| Hulett | 15.35 | 24.70 | Bridge over Belle Fourche River | Bridge over Belle Fourche River |
| Aladdin | 39.26 | 63.18 | WYO 111 south – I-90/US 14 | Northern terminus of WYO 111; T intersection |
| ​ | 46.26 | 74.45 | South Dakota State Line | Eastern terminus |
| ​ | 46.26 | 74.45 | SD 34 east – Belle Fourche, Sturgis, Pierre | Continuation east beyond eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Doug Braithwaite

Doug Braithwaite is a British comic book artist.

## Career

Braithwaite began his career working in the British comics industry starting with 2000 AD and A1; later he worked on Marvel's Earth X sequels, Universe X and Paradise X (with Alex Ross and Jim Krueger). His other works under Marvel include The Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe and Punisher: MAX #13–18, with Garth Ennis.
He had been exclusively contracted at DC, but in 2008 he announced that when his contract deal ended he would sign as an exclusive artist with Marvel for three years with his first project being Secret Invasion: Thor with writer Matt Fraction. While at DC he worked with Alex Ross and Jim Krueger again on the twelve-issue limited series JUSTICE, providing pencils and layouts.
In addition, he has illustrated issues of Ghost for Dark Horse Comics, Archer & Armstrong, for Valiant Comics, and Conan the Barbarian for Titan Comics. In 2008 he illustrated a four issue run on The Brave and the Bold with David Hine.
In April 2011 Braithwaite was one of 62 comics creators who appeared at the IGN stage at the Kapow! convention in London to set two Guinness World Records, the Fastest Production of a Comic Book, and Most Contributors to a Comic Book. With Guinness officials on hand to monitor their progress, writer Mark Millar began work at 9am scripting a 20-page black and white Superior comic book, with Braithwaite and the other artists appearing on stage throughout the day to work on the pencils, inks, and lettering, including Dave Gibbons, Frank Quitely, John Romita Jr., Jock, Ian Churchill, Olivier Coipel, Duncan Fegredo, Simon Furman, David Lafuente, John McCrea, Sean Phillips and Liam Sharp, who all drew a panel each, with regular Superior artist Leinil Yu creating the book's front cover. The book was completed in 11 hours, 19 minutes, and 38 seconds, and was published through Icon on 23 November 2011, with all royalties being donated to Yorkhill Children's Foundation.

### Critical reception

Braithwaite's art on Journey into Mystery during the 2011 "Fear Itself" storyline was widely acclaimed.