OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fringe

Fringe may refer to:

## Arts and music

* "The Fringe", or Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the world's largest arts festival
* Adelaide Fringe, the world's second-largest annual arts festival
* Fringe theatre, a name for alternative theatre
* Purple fringing, an unfocused purple or magenta "ghost" image on a photograph
* Fringe Product, a defunct Canadian record label

## Television and entertainment

* Fringe (TV series), an American science fiction television series
* The Fringe, the setting for the 2000 computer game Tachyon: The Fringe
* "The Fringe" (short story), a short story by Orson Scott Card
* "The Fringe" (Smash), a television episode

## Science

* Fringe science, scientific inquiry that departs significantly from mainstream or orthodox theories in an established field of study
* Fringe search, a graph search algorithm that finds the least-cost path from a given initial node to one goal node
* Fringe of a relation, a particular sub-relation of a binary relation in mathematics
* Interference fringe, a pattern in wave interference

## Other uses

* Fringe (hair), strands or locks of hair that fall over the scalp's front hairline to cover the forehead
* Fringe (trim), an ornamental textile trim applied to an edge of a textile item
* Fringe culture, another name for counterculture
* Fringe party, a political party in a national spectrum with a negligible share of the electorate
* Fringe theory, an idea or a collection of ideas that departs significantly from the prevailing or mainstream view in its particular field of study
* Chionanthus (common name: fringetrees), a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae
# South Carolina Highway 430

South Carolina Highway 430 (SC 430) is an 11.740-mile-long (18.894 km) state highway in the west central part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from just northeast of Edgefield northwest and then due north to a point on the edge of Sumter National Forest, all within Edgefield County.

## Route description

SC 430 begins at an intersection with SC 23 just northeast of Edgefield. This is also the northern terminus of SC 23 Truck, which begins concurrent with SC 430. The two highways head northwest, cutting across the northeast part of the city. They then intersect Meeting Street, which leads to the northbound lanes of U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.). At this intersection, SC 23 Truck continues to the northwest, concurrent with the unsigned designation of SC 430 Conn. (which take on the Crest Road name). SC 430 turns right and heads to the north-northeast until it meets its northern terminus, at an intersection with US 378 on the southeastern edge of Sumter National Forest, in a rural part of the county.
SC 430 is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Edgefield County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | SC 23 (Columbia Road) – Edgefield, Johnston, Columbia | Southern end of SC 23 Truck concurrency; southern terminus of SC 430; northern terminus of SC 23 Truck |
| Edgefield | 2.140 | 3.444 | Meeting Street south / Crest Road east (SC 23 Truck south / SC 430 Conn. west) to US 25 – Edgefield, Greenwood | Northern end of SC 23 Truck concurrency; eastern terminus of SC 430 Conn. |
| Sumter National Forest | 11.740 | 18.894 | US 378 – McCormick, Saluda | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||

## Edgefield connector route

South Carolina Highway 430 Connector (SC 430 Conn.) is a 0.180-mile (0.290 km) connector route that serves to connect U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.) with the SC 430 mainline in the far northern part of Edgefield, which is in the central part of Edgefield County. It is known as Crest Road, is concurrent with SC 23 Truck, and is an unsigned highway.
The connector begins at an intersection with the SC 430 mainline (also known as Crest Road). and Meeting Street, which leads to US 25 Bus. south. Here, SC 23 Truck, which is concurrent with SC 430 southeast of this intersection, leaves the mainline and begins a concurrency with SC 430 Conn. The two highways travel to the northwest and feed into US 25 Bus. north. Here, SC 430 Conn. ends and SC 23 Truck follows US 25 Bus.
# Karl Bernhardi

Karl Christian Sigismund Bernhardi (5 October 1799, Ottrau – 1 August 1874, Kassel) was a German librarian and politician.
He studied theology at the University of Marburg, and afterwards worked as a private tutor in Brussels. He furthered his education at the State University of Leuven, where he subsequently received the post of university librarian. In 1829 he relocated to Kassel as successor to Jakob Grimm at the Kassel State Library.
In Kassel he was deeply involved with political, social and cultural concerns. In 1834 he co-founded the Anstalt zur Erziehung armer und verwahrloster Knaben, an institution that dealt with the education of underprivileged youth. He was an editor of the liberal newspaper Der Verfassungsfreund, and in 1834 was co-founder of the Vereins für hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde (Association for Hessian history and regional studies). From 1835 to 1840 he served as director of the Kassel citizens' committee and in 1848 was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament. The eponymous Karl-Bernhardi-Strasse, located behind the Fridericianum in Kassel, is named in his honor.
In 1844 he published a "language map" of Germany, Sprachkarte von Deutschland (2nd edition, 1849 with Wilhelm Stricker) — a work that helped spark interest in the linguistic study of German dialects. His other noteworthy publications include:
* Wegweiser durch die deutschen Volks- und Jugendschriften (with August Lüben), 1852 – Guide to German popular and young peoples' writings.
* Die Sprachgrenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich, 1871 – The language border between Germany and France.
Bernhardi was the author of numerous articles in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.
# Eaton–Prescott House

The Eaton–Prescott House is a historic house at 284 Summer Avenue in Reading, Massachusetts. Its oldest portion was probably built before 1757. By that year it had acquired a leanto section, since removed or incorporated into the main structure of the house. It is now a principally Georgian style house, although its door surround dates to the Greek Revival period of the 1830s-1840s. The house stands on land that was in the Eaton family as far back as the late 17th century.
The house remained in the same family until the last local descendant of the Prescotts died in 1902. The house was purchased c. 1907 by local architect Willard P. Adden, who restored and renovated it for use as his family home. He moved out of the house c. 1916.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Walter Robinow

Walter Robinow (15 August 1867 – 15 July 1938) was a German chess functionary and organizer.
In 1908, he became the President of the Hamburg Chess Club (Hamburger SK), and was a main organizer of the Hamburg 1910 chess tournament (the 17th DSB Congress). In 1914, he was appointed a Vice President of the German Chess Federation (DSB). After World War I, he was the fifth President of the German Chess Federation (Deutschen Schachbundes, DSB) from 1920 to 1933. Among others, he had organized the 24th DSB Kongress at Breslau 1925, the first international congress after the war.
In April 1933, due to Nazi Machtergreifung, Robinow had to resign his chairmanship of the Deutschen Schachbundes and the Hamburger Schachklubs, because of his Jewish origin. One year later, the DSB would be dissolved and replaced with the Nazi-affiliated Großdeutscher Schachbund [de], which allowed only players of Aryan origin as defined by the Nazis to play.
# Aruwa Ameh

Aruwa Ameh (10 December 1990 – 28 November 2011) was a Nigerian professional footballer. He last played for Bayelsa United in the Nigeria National League. In 2007 while playing with Kaduna United he was the top scorer in the Nigeria Premier League. Ameh died of paralysis almost a week after being hospitalized for arm pain in 2011 at Kaduna.
# Carrie Akre

Carrie Akre (born September 24, 1966) is an American singer best known for her work with Seattle underground bands Hammerbox and Goodness.
Since Goodness disbanded in 1998, she has contributed vocals to the project band The Rockfords (which included Pearl Jam's Mike McCready on guitar) and released three solo albums. She releases albums on her own label, My Way Records.

## Solo discography

| Title | Release | Label |
| Home | 2000 | Good-Ink Records |
| Invitation | 2002 | My Way Records |
| Live from Cafe Venus/Mars 7.23.03 | 2003 | Kufala |
| ...Last the Evening | 2007 | Loveless Records |
# Marsypopetalum littorale

Marsypopetalum littorale is a species of plants in the custard apple family Annonaceae native to southern China, Hainan, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Thailand and Vietnam.
# George Barlow (footballer, born 1914)

George Arthur Barlow (1914–unknown) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.
# Gypsy Gyppo String Band

The Gypsy Gyppo String Band was an American old-time music band, based in Seattle, Washington.
Active in the 1970s, it brought a contemporary sensibility to this music, treating it "as source material rather than holy writ." The band played a key role in reviving this music, bringing it out to the dying milieu of Grange halls and the somewhat-staid milieu of organized Modern western square dance to a hip, young urban audience. It laid the foundation of a square dance and contra dance scene in and around Seattle that continues to this day.

## Members

* Warren Argo, banjo
* Jack Link, fiddle
* Armin Barnett, fiddle
* Bob Naess, fiddle
* Sandy Bradley, guitar
* Jerry Mitchell, mandolin
# Canna iridiflora

Canna iridiflora is a species of herb in the family Cannaceae.

## Description

Herb up to 5 m tall. Flowers hanging down in large pendants of pink, riding above large, green leaves. Spreading stems and gently spreading leaves creates a goblet shaped clump. Plant height 5 m (16 ft). The foliage is green with pale inner edge and dark outer edge. Flowers are pendant shaped carmine-red to purple, 10–14 cm (4-5½ in) long, with a relatively long tubular part and 8 coloured lobes; petals not reflexed; staminodes 4. The solitary staminal locule (pollin-producing portion of the stamen) can be up to 5.5 inches (14 centimeters) in length, equaled only by Strelitzia nicolai.

## Distribution

C. iridiflora is native to Peru, Colombia and Costa Rica at altitudes of 1,800–2,850 m (5,910–9,350 ft).

## Cultivation

It was introduced to England in 1816. It is hardy to zone 10 and is frost tender. In the north latitudes it is in flower from August to October, and the seeds ripen in October.
# Tom Gregory (swimmer)

Thomas Gregory (born 9th October 1976) swam the English Channel in 1988 at the age of 11 years and 333 days. As of 2025 he still holds the record as the youngest person to have done so.
No one will take the record from him because the Channel Swimming Association has since set an age limit of 16 years for officially recognised crossings. The age limit was introduced in November 2000.
Gregory's coming-of-age story about being the youngest person to swim the Channel, A Boy in the Water (2018, Penguin: ISBN 9780241354124) was joint winner of the 2018 William Hill Sports Book of the Year. It was BBC Radio 4's Book of the Week in August 2018. He served in the Royal Anglian Regiment of the British Army.
# Gateshead East and Washington West (UK Parliament constituency)

54°56′13″N 1°33′18″W﻿ / ﻿54.937°N 1.555°W﻿ / 54.937; -1.555
Gateshead East and Washington West was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2010. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post electoral system.

## History

The constituency was created for the 1997 general election, primarily from the abolished Gateshead East seat, with the addition of two Washington wards from Houghton and Washington.
It was abolished for the 2010 general election when the Boundary Commission reduced the number of seats in Tyne and Wear from 13 to 12, with the constituencies in the City of Sunderland, in particular, being reorganised. The majority of the seat was included in the re-established constituency of Gateshead, while the two Washington wards were included in the new seat of Washington and Sunderland West and the Pelaw and Heworth ward was transferred to Jarrow.

## Boundaries

1997–2010
* The Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead wards of Chowdene, Felling, High Fell, Leam, Low Fell, and Pelaw and Heworth; and
* the City of Sunderland wards of Washington South and Washington West.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1997 | Joyce Quin | Labour |
| 2005 | Sharon Hodgson | Labour |
| 2010 | Constituency abolished: see Gateshead, Jarrow and Washington and Sunderland West | Constituency abolished: see Gateshead, Jarrow and Washington and Sunderland West |

## Election results
### Elections of the 2000s

General election 2005: Gateshead East and Washington West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Sharon Hodgson | 20,997 | 60.6 | −7.5 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Frank Hindle | 7,590 | 21.9 | +7.0 |
| | Conservative | Lee Martin | 4,812 | 13.9 | −0.9 |
| | UKIP | Jim Batty | 1,269 | 3.7 | +1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,407 | 38.7 | −14.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 34,668 | 56.4 | +3.9 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | −7.3 | |
General election 2001: Gateshead East and Washington West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Joyce Quin | 22,903 | 68.1 | −3.9 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Ron Beadle | 4,999 | 14.9 | +4.2 |
| | Conservative | Elizabeth Campbell | 4,970 | 14.8 | +0.6 |
| | UKIP | Martin Rouse | 743 | 2.2 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,904 | 53.2 | −4.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 33,615 | 52.5 | −14.7 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |

### Elections of the 1990s

General election 1997: Gateshead East and Washington West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Joyce Quin | 31,047 | 72.1 | |
| | Conservative | Jacqui M. Burns | 6,097 | 14.2 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Alan D. Ord | 4,622 | 10.7 | |
| | Referendum | Michael Daley | 1,315 | 3.1 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 24,950 | 57.9 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 43,081 | 67.2 | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
# Maurizio Rossi (cyclist)

Maurizio Rossi (born 20 December 1962) is an Italian former road cyclist, who competed as a professional from 1984 to 1990.

## Career

Rossi almost won the 1986 Tour of the Basque Country, after winning the first stage in a solo victory 3:40 ahead of the peloton. He held the lead all the way to the last stage, which was an eighteen-kilometer individual time trial. Irish cyclist Sean Kelly finished the time trial 3:58 ahead of Rossi, therefore taking the final victory by eighteen seconds over Rossi, who still managed to finish second.
During his career, Rossi also won the Giro del Veneto in 1986 as well as the overall classification and a stage of the 1987 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali.

## Major results
### 1983

    1st Trofeo Papà Cervi

### 1985

    7th Giro di Toscana

### 1986

    1st Giro del Veneto
    2nd Overall Tour of the Basque Country
       1st Stage 1
    5th Giro del Lazio
    7th Coppa Sabatini

### 1987

    1st Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
       1st Stage 2
    2nd Giro di Campania

### 1989

    3rd Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 |
| Giro d'Italia | 102 | 73 | 89 | DNF | 43 | 55 |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | — | — | 87 |
# Horace Biggin

Horace Biggin (27 May 1897 – 1984) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for West Ham United.
# Gyula Takátsy

Gyula Takátsy (1914–1980), was a Hungarian medical doctor, microbiologist and inventor.
In 1938 he graduated from the University of Medicine in Pécs, Hungary, and joined the staff at the Institute of Public Health, where he worked until his early death in 1980.
An influenza epidemic in Hungary in the early 1950s led to a shortage of laboratory equipment, causing Takácsy to develop a number of new laboratory techniques and tools. These included small platinum spiral loops to replace pipettes, and microwell plates instead of test tubes. He introduced the idea of using calibrated spiral loops for multiple serial dilution in plastic microwell plates, and coined the term 'micromethods', first published in Hungarian in 1952 and in English in 1955, for laboratory procedures carried out on a small scale. This allowed for the use of very small volumes of blood in virus research, and a considerable reduction in the use of costly serums and antigens. Improved versions of his microwell plates are now a standard laboratory tool.
The original spiral loop was similar to the platinum loop used in bacteriology. Takátsy improved this by forming multiple windings in the loop, somewhat like the filament of an incandescent light bulb. The narrow gaps between the windings drew a constant volume of fluid by capillary action. These were calibrated and arranged in arrays, enabling efficient dilution procedures. The reliability of this microtechnique led to its adoption as the standard method for serological testing at the Communicable Disease Center.
Takátsy carried out research on the variability of antigenic structure and the pathology and epidemiology of influenza virus mutations, as well as vaccine production and control, published across 50 papers.
He was head of the Influenza Unit (WHO National Influenza Centre) which produced 630,000 vaccine doses during the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/1969, was a member of the Board of the Hungarian Society of Microbiology, and received several awards, including the Manninger Rezső Medal.
# Siva I

Siva I was King of Anuradhapura in the 1st century BC, who ruled in the year 47 BC. He succeeded Kuda Tissa as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Vatuka.

## Claim to the throne

The Mahavamsa states that queen Anula, Kudatissa's queen consort, fell in love with Siva, who was then a royal palace guard, and poisoned Kuda Tissa to let Siva claim the throne of Anuradhapura. Siva himself was later poisoned by Anula after she grew tired of him after a reign of one year and two months.
# South Carolina Highway 576

South Carolina Highway 576 (SC 576) is a 3.090-mile (4.973 km) primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway connects U.S. Route 76 (US 76), west of Marion, to US 501, south-southeast of the city.

## Route description

SC 576 serves to keep the continuation of the four-lane divided highway that travelers get on in Florence to Myrtle Beach and vice versa.

## History

Established in 1973 as new primary routing, connecting US 76 and US 501 Business/SC 41 Alternate; it was built as a four-lane divided highway; it has remained unchanged since.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Marion County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 76 / Wahee Road south to I-95 – Florence, Marion, Mullins | Western terminus of SC 576; northern terminus of Wahee Road; Robert J. McIntyre Sr. Intersection |
| ​ | 3.090 | 4.973 | US 501 Bus. / SC 41 Alt. – Marion, Johnsonville, Conway, Myrtle Beach | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Enoch Shaffer House

The Enoch Shaffer House is a single-family home located at 1437 Douglas Avenue in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It is one of only a few Late Victorian farmhouses in Kalamazoo, and is notable for its fine detailing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## History

Enoch Shaffer was born in Hillsville, Pennsylvania In 1841. He worked as a baker, photographer, and dry-good salesman, and served in the Union Army in the Civil War. Afterward, he became a farmer, and married Josephine Lilly in 1868. After the marriage, the Shaffers purchased land adjacent to the old Lilly farm. The constructed this house soon after, likely in about 1870. Enoch Shaffer turned his attention to farming potatoes on the surrounding farm, and lived in this house until his death In 1913. Josephine continues to live in the house for a number of years more.

## Description

The Enoch Shaffer House is a narrow, two-story, Late Victorian red brick structure. It sits on a stone foundation and has a cross-gable roof. The house has substantial ornamental trim, including segmental-arched door and window openings containing raised brick caps with a central keystone, brackets under the eaves of the porch and bay window, and curvilinear bargeboards decorated with fleur-de-lis.
# Arai Station (Hyōgo)

Arai Station (荒井駅, Arai-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Takasago, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private Sanyo Electric Railway.

## Lines

Arai Station is served by the Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line. Located between Takasago and Iho, it is 38.5 km from the starting point of the line at Nishidai.

## Station layout

The station consists of two ground-level unnumbered side platforms serving two tracks. The station building is located on the north side of the station, and the platforms are connected by a footbridge. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| south bound | ■ Main Line | for Shikama, Himeji and Sanyo-Aboshi |
| north bound | ■ Main Line | for Sanyo Akashi, Sannomiya and Osaka |
* South entrance, May 2008
* Ticket barriers, May 2008
* The platforms, May 2008

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line |||||
| Takasago | Limited express (morning/evening) | Oshio |
| Takasago | S Limited express | Iho |
| Takasago | Local | Iho |

## History

The station opened on 19 August 1923.

### Accidents

On 12 February 2013, at around 15:50, a non-stop 6-car limited express service bound for Umeda collided with the rear end of a truck which had not completely cleared the level crossing to the west of the station. The first two cars of the train derailed and slid 170 m before hitting the edge of the station platform and coming to rest. 15 people were injured in the collision, including the train driver and truck driver.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 6597 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Kobe Steel Takasago factory
* Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Takasago factory
* Kikkoman Takasago factory
* Takasago Police Station [ja]
* Takasago Municipal Hospital [ja]
* Arai Shrine [ja]
* Takasago Minami Senior High School
* Arai Elementary School