OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arpino

Arpino (Southern Latian dialect: Arpinë) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Frosinone, in the Latin Valley, region of Lazio in central Italy, about 100 km SE of Rome. Its Roman name was Arpinum. The town produced two consuls of the Roman Republic: Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero.

## History

The ancient city of Arpinum dates back to at least the 7th century BC. Connected with the Pelasgi, the Volsci and Samnite people, it was captured by the Romans and granted civitas sine suffragio in 305 BC. The city received voting rights in Roman elections in 188 BC and the status of a municipium in 90 BC after the Social War.
The town produced both Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero, who were homines novi (people without ancestors who had held the consulship). Cicero, in speeches before the courts in Rome, would later praise his hometown's contributions to the republic when attacked as a "foreigner", for Arpinum had twice borne men to save the Republic: Marius against the Cimbric invaders of 101 BC and Cicero himself against the Second Catilinarian conspiracy. Cicero in letters to his friend Atticus referred often to the peace and quiet of his beloved Arpinum. There is an oral tradition that persists to this day that Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was also a native of Arpinum. Historians however have not been able to confirm his place of birth. Agrippa may have come from Pisae (Pisa) in Etruria.
Beside the ancient town of Arpinum there are the fortified remains of a much earlier Samnite town. The high defensive walls are of the polygonal type associated historically with these people. There is an example of an arch of this type which can still be seen today. Dates are generally from the early Roman period to about 400 BC. The Stone is some times referred to as pudding-stone but in this case it seem to be of a more sedimentary dark gray type. Arpinum, Atina, and Cominium were known Samnite strongholds. The Valle di Comino nearby is considered to be strong Samnite and subsections of the tribes home lands and the language generally spoken up to the Roman assimilations was Oscan part of the "Co" group of Indo-European languages.
In the early Middle Ages, the Roman duchy and the Duchy of Benevento contended for its strategic position. After the 11th century it was ruled by the Normans, the Hohenstaufen and by the Papal States. It was destroyed twice; in 1229 by Frederick II and in 1242 by Conrad IV.
The castrato sopranist Gioacchino Conti, known as Il Gizziello or heb ceilliau, was born in Arpino in 1714.

## Main sights

Attractions include the circuit walls in polygonal masonry. These walls include an example of an ogive arch. The walls stand up to 11 feet in height and up to seven feet in width.
Below Arpino, in the Liri valley, a little north of the Isola del Liri, lies the church of S. Domenico, which marks the site of the villa in which Cicero was born and frequently resided. Near it is an ancient bridge, of a road which crossed the Liris to Cereatae (modern Casamari), birthplace of Gaius Marius.
# Hugar

Hugar (meaning "minds";) are an Icelandic neo-classical post-rock duo, consisting of multi-instrumentalist composers Bergur Þórisson and Pétur Jónsson from Seltjarnarnes, Iceland.

## History

Bergur and Pétur are childhood friends and started the band in 2012. Hugar released their debut album, Hugar, in 2014, featuring Ólafur Arnalds playing drums. It was given out for free online. They signed with Sony and in 2019 their second album Varða was released on Sony Masterworks.
The band performed at Iceland Airwaves in 2017, 2018, and 2019. As of 2019 the band had 50 million plays on Spotify. Bergur and Pétur wrote the score for the 2019 film The Vasulka Effect about artists Steina and Woody Vasulka.

## Discography
### Albums

* Hugar (2014)
* Varða (2019)
* Rift (2022)

### Film scores

* The Vasulka Effect (2019)

### Collaborations

* Waves (2016, with Arnór Dan Arnarson)
# David Macbeth Moir

David Macbeth Moir (5 January 1798 – 6 July 1851) was a Scottish physician and writer.

## Biography

Moir was born at Musselburgh on 5 January 1798, the son of Elizabeth Macbeth (1767–1842) and Robert Moir (d. 1842). He was educated at Musselburgh Grammar School. At the age of 13 he was apprenticed to the medical practitioner Dr Stewart, studying with him for four years while also attending classes at the University of Edinburgh, from where he graduated in 1816.
In 1817 he entered into a partnership with Dr Brown, a Musselburgh doctor, practising there until his death. He was a contributor of both prose and verse to the magazines, and particularly, with the signature of Delta, to Blackwood's Magazine. His life is featured in the book, The "Blackwood" Group by Sir George Douglas, Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1897. In 1846 he was elected a member of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh.
A collection of his poetry was edited in 1852 by Thomas Aird. Among his publications were the famous Life of Mansie Wauch, Tailor (1828), which shows his gifts as a humorist, Outlines of the Ancient History of Medicine (1831), and Sketch of the Poetical Literature of the Past Half Century (1851).
He is one of several writers who are claimed as the author of the "Canadian Boat-Song".
On 22 June 1851, while away from home, he was seriously injured when dismounting his horse. He died in on 6 July 1851 at Dumfries as a result of his injuries. He was buried on 10 July 1851 at Inveresk Church, Musselburgh.
He is commemorated by a memorial statue, which was erected in Musselburgh in 1853. There are also several street names in the town which make reference to him, and a branch of the pub chain Wetherspoons opened in February 2012 is named The David Macbeth Moir.

## Family

In June 1829 he married Catherine Elizabeth Bell at Carham Church, Northumberland, and together they had 11 children. Their daughter Annie Marie Moir married Rev William Milligan and their children included the church historian Oswald Milligan and Rev. George Milligan.
# West Virginia Route 34

West Virginia Route 34 is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 3 three miles (5 km) east of Hamlin. The northern terminus is at Interstate 77 exit 124 in Kenna.
The portion of the highway between Scott Depot and Hurricane has seen heavy commercial and residential development since the 1980s. The area, known as Teays Valley, has grown into a major suburb of Charleston, the state's capital.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | Destinations | Notes |
| Lincoln | ​ | WV 3 – Hamlin | |
| Putnam | Hurricane | US 60 east – St. Albans | south end of US 60 overlap |
| Putnam | Hurricane | US 60 west – Milton | north end of US 60 overlap |
| Putnam | Hurricane | WV 34 Alt. south – Hurricane | |
| Putnam | Teays Valley | I-64 – Huntington, Charleston | I-64 exit 39 |
| Putnam | ​ | US 35 to I-64 – Point Pleasant, Charleston | interchange |
| Putnam | ​ | WV 817 north to US 35 north – Point Pleasant | south end of WV 817 overlap |
| Putnam | Winfield | WV 817 south – Charleston | interchange; north end of WV 817 overlap |
| Putnam | Winfield | Winfield Toll Bridge over Kanawha River | Winfield Toll Bridge over Kanawha River |
| Putnam | ​ | WV 62 north – Point Pleasant, Eleanor | interchange; south end of WV 62 overlap |
| Putnam | Red House | WV 62 south – Charleston, Poca | north end of WV 62 overlap |
| Jackson | ​ | CR 21 south | south end of CR 21 overlap; former US 21 south |
| Jackson | Kenna | CR 21 north | north end of CR 21 overlap; former US 21 north |
| Jackson | ​ | I-77 – Parkersburg, Charleston | I-77 exit 124 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||

## West Virginia Route 34 Business

WV 34 Bus is a business loop through downtown Hurricane. It follows Main Street from US 60 southwest of Hurricane northeastward to WV 34 just east of downtown Hurricane. Along WV 34 and US 60, it is signed as WV 34 Alternate, but along the route itself, it is signed as WV 34 Business.
# Gisou Lamothe

Ghislaine Fortuney Lamothe (1935 – 15 August 2020), also known as Gizou Lamothe, was a Haitian painter and sculptor. She was the mother of Haitian Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe.
Born Ghislaine Fortuney in Port-au-Prince in 1935, Lamothe studied in Madrid before returning to Haiti in 1961. Her works have been exhibited in South America, the United States, and Spain. She died on 15 August 2020.
# Víkingsvöllur

Víkingsvöllur (Icelandic pronunciation:, lit. 'Víkingur Field' or more precisely 'Víkingur Stadium') is a football stadium in Reykjavík, Iceland. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of Víkingur F.C. The stadium holds around 2,000, with 1,149 seats, and is located at 'Traðarland' in Fossvogsdalur, south-east of the city center

## Stats

* Size:
* Record attendance: 2,023 tickets versus Leiknir Reykjavík, 2021
* Opening game:
# Ann Arbor Learning Community

Ann Arbor Learning Community (AALC) is a K-12 public charter school in Ann Arbor, Michigan, authorized by Eastern Michigan University. Enrollment is open to all K-12 students residing within the state of Michigan. Because AALC is part of the public school system, tuition is not charged to any student desiring to attend. .
AALC first opened its doors in the fall of 1998. With small, multi-age classrooms, AALC seeks to meet the individual needs of all students. The school currently has one Early Primary (K-1) classroom, one Primary (2-3) classroom, one Intermediate (4-5) classroom and two Middle School (6-8) classrooms. Students also have music, art, and physical education classes. Intermediate and Middle School students are given the opportunity to be a member of the instrumental music program.
In the fall of 2021, Eastern Michigan University (EMU) announced that it would not renew AALC's charter, which was scheduled to expire in the summer of 2022, citing a steep drop in enrollment and other concerns. AALC contended that it should not be penalized for the enrollment drop, alleging that the management company which it had hired, Global Educational Excellence had falsely inflated its enrollment figures. According to EMU, AALC's enrollment had declined from 273 students in the 2020-21 school year to less than forty, and had lost virtually all of its high school enrollment following the dispute with GEE.

## School Mission

The mission of Ann Arbor Learning Community is to nurture independent learners as they acquire the tools they need to shape an environmentally and socially responsible future. Furthermore, in a supportive, student-centered community that appreciates uniqueness, AALC helps students develop a strong sense of self and a lifetime love of learning. The school fosters the development of essential life skills and core academic knowledge through small, multi-aged classrooms that honor the learning and creative strengths of each student.

## Extracurricular Activities

Ann Arbor Learning Community does not offer any sports teams, although girls can choose to participate in Girls on the Run. Intermediate and middle school students may also join an after school history club with the goal of participating in the Michigan History Day and National History Day competitions. In the 2011–2012 school year, two middle school students from Ann Arbor Learning Community advanced to the national level of competition and another was named an alternate.
# Infernal Affairs (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| GAFFA | |
Infernal Affairs is the debut album by the Danish dance act Infernal, released in 1998 in Denmark. It became an unexpected success, selling more than 80,000 copies (two-times platinum). The album was awarded Danish Upfront Dance Release of the Year at the 1999 Danish Grammy Awards.

## Charts and certifications
### Album

| Chart (1998–1999) | Peak position | Certifications (sales thresholds) | Sales |
| Danish Albums Chart | 6 | 2× Platinum | 80,000+ |
| Danish End of Year Albums Chart | 53 | 2× Platinum | 80,000+ |

### Singles

| Year | Song | Peak positions |
| Year | Song | DEN |
| 1997 | "Sorti de L'enfer" | 20 |
| 1998 | "Highland Fling" | 11 |
| 1998 | "Kalinka" | 19 |
| 1998 | "Voodoo Cowboy" | 12 |
| 1999 | "Your Crown" | — |
| 1999 | "Disc Jockey Polka" (promotional) | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. |||
# And I

"And I" is a song written by American R&B singer Ciara, and produced by Adonis Shropshire for Ciara's first album, Goodies (2004). It was released as the album's fourth and final single on August 15, 2005. "In July 2005, Ciara had mentioned in interviews that the album's fourth single would "most likely be "Thug Style" or "Pick Up the Phone" - or maybe even "And I"", with "And I" being the final choice.

## Chart performance

At the time of the US release of "And I", Ciara's collaboration with Bow Wow, "Like You", and her collaboration with Missy Elliott, "Lose Control", were at the height of their popularity. "And I" peaked at 96 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and 27 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart, which were poor positions compared to those attained by the first three singles from the album Goodies. It was not released outside North America because of this.

## Music video

The music video for "And I", directed by the Fat Cats, is loosely based on the 1992 film The Bodyguard with Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston. It takes place in a forest and on the set of a music video. Carmelo Anthony, playing Ciara's boyfriend, is flirting with another woman while Ciara is filming her music video. When Ciara's bodyguard takes her to visit her boyfriend in her trailer, he opens the door and sees the boyfriend kissing another woman. The bodyguard tells her not to go inside. When she realizes he has been cheating on her, Ciara sits on a log under lights that have been rigged to fall on her (earlier in the video, a man had been acting strangely whilst Ciara was signing autographs). Her bodyguard saves her just before the lights fall and Ciara holds him in her arms.

## Format and track listing

* Promotional CD
* "And I" (Album version)
* "And I" (Instrumental)

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 96 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 27 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Lists of United States Supreme Court cases

This page serves as an index of lists of United States Supreme Court cases. The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States.

## By chief justice

Court historians and other legal scholars consider each chief justice who presides over the Supreme Court of the United States to be the head of an era of the Court. These lists are sorted chronologically by chief justice and include most major cases decided by the court.
* Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth Courts (October 19, 1789 – December 15, 1800)
* Marshall Court (February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835)
* Taney Court (March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864)
* Chase Court (December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873)
* Waite Court (March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888)
* Fuller Court (October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910)
* White Court (December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921)
* Taft Court (July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930)
* Hughes Court (February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941)
* Stone Court (July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946)
* Vinson Court (June 24, 1946 – September 8, 1953)
* Warren Court (October 5, 1953 – June 23, 1969)
* Burger Court (June 23, 1969 – September 26, 1986)
* Rehnquist Court (September 26, 1986 – September 3, 2005)
* Roberts Court (September 29, 2005 – present)

## By volume

Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States are officially published in the United States Reports.
* Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume

## By term

These lists contain detailed tables about each term since 1999, including which justices filed the court's opinion, dissenting and concurring opinions in each case, and information about justices joining opinions. The tables conclude with term statistics and concordance data.
* 1999 term opinions
* 2000 term opinions
* 2001 term opinions
* 2002 term opinions
* 2003 term opinions
* 2004 term opinions
* 2005 term opinions
* 2006 term opinions
* 2007 term opinions
* 2008 term opinions
* 2009 term opinions
* 2010 term opinions
* 2011 term opinions
* 2012 term opinions
* 2013 term opinions
* 2014 term opinions
* 2015 term opinions
* 2016 term opinions
* 2017 term opinions
* 2018 term opinions
* 2019 term opinions
* 2020 term opinions
* 2021 term opinions
* 2022 term opinions
* 2023 term opinions
* 2024 term opinions

## By subject matter

* Arbitration
* Capital punishment
* Copyright
* First Amendment
* Immigration
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Legal standing
* LGBTQ rights
* Mental health
* Native American tribes
* Patents
* Taxation and revenue
* Trademarks

## Other lists

* List of pending United States Supreme Court cases
* List of landmark court decisions in the United States (most frequently from the Supreme Court)
# West Virginia Route 4

West Virginia Route 4 is a north–south state highway within and maintained by the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 119 in Clendenin. The northern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 20 in Rock Cave.
The road connects several towns in the central part of the state. WV 4 is concurrent with U.S. Route 19 from Flatwoods to Ireland.
WV 4 used to extend across the state, running west from Clendenin to Kentucky via US 119 and US 60, and north and east from Rock Cave to Virginia via WV 20, US 33, WV 28, and US 50.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | Destinations | Notes |
| Kanawha | Clendenin | US 119 to I-79 – Elkview, Spencer | |
| Clay | ​ | WV 36 north to I-79 – Spencer | |
| Clay | Clay | WV 16 south – Clay | south end of WV 16 overlap |
| Clay | ​ | WV 16 north to I-79 – Grantsville | north end of WV 16 overlap |
| Braxton | ​ | I-79 – Charleston, Clarksburg | I-79 exit 51 |
| Braxton | ​ | I-79 / US 19 – Clarksburg, Charleston | I-79 exit 62 |
| Braxton | Laurel Fork | WV 15 east – Airport | |
| Braxton | ​ | US 19 south to I-79 – Charleston, Clarksburg | south end of US 19 overlap |
| Braxton | Heaters | WV 5 west – Burnsville, Burnsville Lake Dam | |
| Lewis | ​ | US 19 north – Weston | north end of US 19 overlap |
| Upshur | Rock Cave | WV 20 – Buckhannon, Webster Springs, Holly River State Park | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Kume Kunitake

Kume Kunitake (久米 邦武, August 19, 1839 - February 24, 1931) was a historian in Meiji and Taishō period Japan. He had a son, Kume Keiichirō, who was a noted painter.

## Biography

Kume was born in Saga Domain, Hizen Province (present-day Saga Prefecture), and was active in attempting to assist the administrative reform of Saga domain during the Bakumatsu period.
After the Meiji Restoration, he was selected to join the Iwakura mission on its around-the-world voyage in 1871–73 as the private secretary to Iwakura Tomomi. In 1878, he published the Tokumei Zenken Taishi Bei-O Kairan Jikki ( 「特命全権大使米欧回覧実記」), a five-volume account of the journey, and of what he observed of the United States and Europe.
Kume became a professor at primary Tokyo Imperial University in 1888, while contributing to Dai Nihon Hennenshi, an encyclopedic comprehensive history of Japan.
In 1889, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure.
However, in 1892, he was forced to resign after publishing a paper named Shinto wa saiten no kozoku ( 「神道は祭天の古俗」 ) ("Shinto is an outmoded custom deifying nature"), which the government considered to be seditious and highly critical of the State Shinto system.
Kume continued to write and lecture at the Tokyo Semmon Gakko ( 東京専門学校), the predecessor of Waseda University, after his resignation from Tokyo University.

## Works

* Tokumei Zenken Taishi Bei-O Kairan Jikki (「特命全権大使米欧回覧実記」), Tokyo, 1878

### Available in English

* Kume Kunitake. Healey, Graham and Tsuzuki Chushichi, eds. The Iwakura embassy, 1871-73 : a true account of the ambassador extraordinary & plenipotentiary's journey of observation through the United States of America and Europe (The Japan Documents, 2002)
# Kuzmice, Topoľčany District

Kuzmice (Hungarian: Nyitrakozma) is a municipality in the Topoľčany District of the Nitra Region, Slovakia. In 2011 it had 683 inhabitants.
# Toma Tomov

Toma Tomov (Bulgarian: Тома Томов, born 21 May 1958) is a retired Bulgarian athlete who specialized in the 400 metres hurdles.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Bulgaria |||||
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 8th | 50.10 |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | DNF (semis) | 50.23 (heats) |
| 1984 | Friendship Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 3rd | 49.29 |
| 1984 | Balkan Games | Athens, Greece | 1st | 49.54 |
| 1985 | Balkan Games | Stara Zagora, Bulgaria | 1st | 49.73 |
| 1986 | Goodwill Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 6th | 49.08 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, West Germany | 4th | 49.62 |
| 1986 | Balkan Games | Ljubljana, Yugoslavia | 1st | 49.40 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | semis | 49.11 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | semis | 48.90 |
# Lia Apostolovski

Lia Apostolovski (born 23 June 2000) is a Slovenian track and field athlete and a multiple high jump national champion.

## Early and personal life

Apostolovski was born in Ljubljana. Lia's father, Sašo Apostolovski, is a former high jump national record holder. She is coached by Slovenia's current high jump record holder Rožle Prezelj.

## Career

Apostolovski won the bronze medal at the 2021 European Athletics U23 Championships in Tallinn.
Competing at the 2022 European Athletics Championships in Munich, she reached the final and finished in 7th place (1.90m).
On 5 August 2023, she set a new personal best, clearing 1.95m at a competition in Heilbronn. At the end of August 2023, she reached the final at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, and finished in 9th place (1.90m).
In February 2024, she equalled her personal best at the Banskobystricka latka competition. She secured her first world championship podium at the 2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships in Glasgow, where she won the bronze medal, once again equalling her personal best. She finished third in the high jump at the 2024 Diamond League event 2024 Meeting International Mohammed VI d'Athlétisme in Rabat.
At the 2024 European Athletics Championships in Rome, she again reached the final, this time finishing in 9th place, with the same height as two years earlier (1.90m). She competed in the high jump at the 2024 Paris Olympics.