OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isodiazene

In organic chemistry, an isodiazene, also known by the incorrectly constructed (but commonly used) name 1,1-diazene or systematic name diazanylidene, is an organic derivative of the parent isodiazene (H$_2$N$^+$=N$^–$, also called 1,1-diimide) with general formula R$^1$R$^2$N$^+$=N$^–$. The functional group has two major resonance forms, a diazen-2-ium-1-ide form, and an aminonitrene form:
Although isodiazenes are formally isoelectronic with ketones and aldehydes, the reactivity of this exotic functional group is very different. They are generally prepared by oxidation of the hydrazine (R$_2$N–NH$_2$), reduction of the 1,1-diazene oxide (R$_2$N–N=O), 1,1-elimination of MX from R$_2$N–NMX (M = Na, K; X = SO$_2$Ar), or treatment of secondary amines with Angeli's salt, Na$_2$N$_2$O$_3$, in the presence of acid. Isodiazenes participate in cycloaddition reactions with alkenes to generate N-aminoaziridines. In the absence of other reactants, they undergo reactions in which N$_2$ is eliminated to give an organic residue or residues through both concerted and nonconcerted pathways. Cyclic isodizenes in particular readily undergo cycloelimination and chelotropic elimination reactions. Some of these reactions are believed to be concerted pericyclic processes, as evidenced by stereospecificity that is consistent with the conservation of orbital symmetry.
The absence of cyclobutane from the decomposition of the isodiazene derived from the saturated 5-membered azacycle is evidence against radical intermediates, and the process is also believed to be concerted and pericyclic.
Due to the facile elimination of N$_2$, most isodiazenes can only be isolated in a matrix at cryogenic temperatures. A small number of highly hindered derivatives with tertiary R groups (e.g., R$^1$= R$^2$ = t-Bu, stable at –127 °C, decomposes at –90 °C; R$^1$—R$^2$ = C(CH$_3$)$_2$CH$_2$CH$_2$CH$_2$(CH$_3$)$_2$C, stable up to –78 °C) are isolable by preparation and chromatography or filtration at low temperature as red solutions.
Isodiazenes have been observed to serve as ligands in transition metals complexes, including those of molybdenum and vanadium.
# Dragon Peak

Dragon Peak is a 2,880 metres (9,450 ft) mountain summit located in the Athabasca River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Situated southeast of Mount Christie and Brussels Peak, Dragon Peak can be seen from the Icefields Parkway. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1979 by D. Waterman. Dragon Peak was named in 1921 by Arthur O. Wheeler on account of a dragon-shaped rock formation. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1935 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

## Geology

Dragon Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods, then pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Dragon Peak is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and short mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Dragon Peak drains into Fryatt Creek and Luck Creek, both tributaries of the Athabasca River.
# Bishop Ryder Church, Birmingham

52°29′06″N 1°53′21″W﻿ / ﻿52.484954°N 1.889233°W﻿ / 52.484954; -1.889233
Bishop Ryder Memorial Church, Birmingham, was a parish church in the Church of England in Birmingham from 1838 to 1960.

## History

Built on Gem Street in Gosta Green in Birmingham, it was a red brick and stone church designed by Thomas Rickman and Richard Charles Hussey in the Gothic style. It was built to commemorate Henry Ryder, Bishop of Lichfield and was consecrated in 1838. A parish was created out of St Martin in the Bull Ring in 1841.
The chancel was rebuilt in 1894 by J. A. Chatwin funded by J.C. Holder in memory of his father, Henry Holder. In 1925 the parish of St Mary's Church, Whittall Street, Birmingham was united with Bishop Ryder, and in 1939 part of the parish and the benefice of St Bartholomew’s Church, Birmingham, were united.
The church was demolished in 1960. Gem Street also no longer exists, but the church was located in the middle of the modern Aston University campus.

## Vicars

* M.A. Collinson 1838 – 1847
* Sampson Jervois 1847 – 1857
* John H. Burges 1857 – 1874
* Joseph Phelps Gardiner 1875 – 1900
* George Edwin Badger 1900 – 1933 (afterwards vicar of Cofton Hackett)
* C.H. Williams 1933 – 1940 (formerly chaplain of the Watts Naval School, Elmham, Norfolk, afterwards vicar of Christ Church, Highbury, London)
* Jack Richard Hassett 1940 – 1947
* Christopher Martindale Waddleton 1947 – 1949 (formerly curate at St Philip and St Jacob’s Church, Bristol)
* Edward A. Burton 1949 – 1951 (afterwards vicar of St Paul’s Church, Tipton)
* William George Griffin 1951 – 1956 (formerly vicar of St Paul’s Church, Lozells, afterwards vicar of All Saints' Church, Burton upon Trent)

## Bells

For the consecration in 1838, a single bell by William Taylor of Oxford was installed. In 1869 Blews and Son provided a ring of eight bells at a cost of £600. These were later recast by Taylors of Loughborough. When the church was closed the bells were transferred to St Peter's Church, Harborne.

## Organ

The first organ in the church cost £270 (equivalent to £31,000 in 2023) and was built by Theodore Charles Bates of London and opened on 7 December 1841.
This was replaced in 1882 when a new organ by J.C. Banfield was opened on 25 November at a cost of £350. It was renovated in 1939 by Walter James Bird. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

### Organists

* William Elliott ca. 1846 - 1848
* George W. Elliott from 1848
* Frank Frederick Cuisset (afterwards organist of St Mary's Church, Selly Oak)
* A. Andrews until 1862
* Alfred Sears until 1888
* Alfred E Bateman-Brown 1888
* William Henry Johns 1888 - 1936 (formerly organist of St James' Church, Edgbaston)
* Frank Walford Grove from 1943 (formerly organist of St Margaret’s Church, Fletton)
* R.B. Jameson ca. 1945
# Lucien Sarti

Lucien Sarti (8 October 1937 – 28 April 1972) was a French drug trafficker. Sarti was shot to death in Mexico in 1972 in a drug trafficking ring raid.

## Drug smuggling

On 19 April 1968, Sarti was arrested along with Auguste Ricord and François Chiappe for questioning regarding the robbery of a branch of the National Bank of Argentina. The three were released due to lack of evidence. In April 1972, Sarti was shot to death in Mexico City during a raid of a drug trafficking ring by the Mexican federal police. A detective in Rio de Janeiro was later suspended from the police force after being accused of accepting a bribe to free Sarti and Helena Ferreira, his girlfriend, from jail earlier in 1972. In January 1975, four French citizens alleged to have supplied heroin to Sarti were among a group of 19 indicted by a federal grand jury in Brooklyn.

## Allegations of involvement in the assassination of John F. Kennedy
### The Murderers of John F. Kennedy and The Men Who Killed Kennedy

In November 1988, Steve J. Rivele's French-published book The Murderers of John F. Kennedy named Sarti as one of three French gangsters involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Rivele claimed Sarti fired the fatal shot from Dealey Plaza's "grassy knoll". According to Rivele, Sarti, Roger Bocagnani, and Sauveur Pironti were contracted by organized crime in the United States to protect their drug interests. The British two-hour television special The Men Who Killed Kennedy was based on Rivele's book, but preceded its release airing on October 25, 1988. In the French newspaper Le Provençal published the day following the special, Pironti denied the allegation, stating that he believed at the time of the assassination that Sarti was held in Marseille's Baumettes Prison and that Bocagnani was in Bordeaux's Fort du Hâ. He also showed the paper military records proving that he was serving on a minesweeper from October 1962 to April 1964. The French Ministry of Justice stated that Bocagnani was in prison on the day of Kennedy's assassination and officials from the French Navy confirmed Pironti's military service.

### E. Howard Hunt

After the death of E. Howard Hunt in 2007, Howard St. John Hunt and David Hunt stated that their father had recorded several claims about himself and others being involved in a conspiracy to assassinate John F. Kennedy. In the April 5th, 2007 issue of Rolling Stone, Howard St. John Hunt detailed a number of individuals purported to be implicated by his father including Sarti, as well as Lyndon B. Johnson, Cord Meyer, David Phillips, Frank Sturgis, David Morales, and William Harvey. The two sons alleged that their father cut the information from his memoirs, American Spy: My Secret History in the CIA, Watergate and Beyond, to avoid possible perjury charges. According to Hunt's widow and other children, the two sons took advantage of Hunt's loss of lucidity by coaching and exploiting him for financial gain. The Los Angeles Times said they examined the materials offered by the sons to support the story and found them to be "inconclusive".
# Kanchō

Kanchō (カンチョー) is a prank performed by clasping the hands together in the shape of a finger gun and poking an unsuspecting anus, often while exclaiming "Kan-cho!" It is a common prank in East Asian countries such as Japan. In Korea, it is called ttongchim (Korean: 똥침), and in China, qiānnián shā (千年殺). The word "kanchō" is a slang adoption of the Japanese word for enema (浣腸, kanchō). In accordance with widespread practice, the word is generally written in katakana when used in its slang sense and in kanji when used for enemas in the medical sense.
In English-speaking countries, the term "goosing" generally refers to a comparatively mild grabbing of the buttocks with the tips of the fingers and thumb in imitation of a harmless bite on the butt from a goose. However, the kanchō prank may also be known as "goosing".
# J. B. Evans House

The J. B. Evans House (now known as the Sandoway Discovery Center and formerly known as the Sandoway House Nature Center) is a historic house located at 142 South Ocean Boulevard in Delray Beach, Florida, United States. It retains its essential historic architectural integrity, and is a landmark in Delray Beach.

## Description and history

The house has a two-story, wood-frame structure, and was originally constructed as a single-family residence. Built in 1936, during the Depression as a seasonal residence, the construction represents what locally is known as Resort Colonial Style. It has an irregular floor plan and was built on a concrete slab foundation. The first story has horizontal clapboard, and the second story is board and batten. The house has a composition-shingled complex hip roof that is low-pitched and has a brick chimney in the center. The windows are filled with 6/6 double-hung wooden sashes which are protected by operable louvered shutters.
It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on March 28, 2002.

## Sandoway Discovery Center

The Sandoway Discovery Center is a coastal ecosystems and marine life center. It features native plants, live native and invasive reptile species, a coral reef pool with sharks and fish, and a large collection of shells from around the world. The center offers environmental education programs and classes.
# Gundemar

Gundemar was a Visigothic King of Hispania, Septimania and Galicia (610–612).

## Reign

Gundemar continued a policy of amity with Clotaire II of Neustria and Theodobert II of Austrasia. To this end, he sent grand sums of money to support their cause against their relative (cousin and brother, respectively) Theuderic II of Burgundy. At other times, he pursued a hostile policy against Brunhilda.
According to Isidore of Seville, Gundemar made one expedition against the Basques, then besieged the Byzantines in the following year. With the Byzantine Empire in particular, he had a Casus Belli because of jurisdictional challenge between Carthage and the Spanish church. He died a natural death in Toledo, probably in February or March 612. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that Gundemar reigned for one year, ten months and 14 days. He was succeeded by Sisebut.
He was married to Hildoara.

## Legacy

The towns of Gondomar in Portugal and in Galicia are named after him.
# The End of Innocence (film)

The End of Innocence is a 1990 semi-autobiographical film starring, written and directed by Dyan Cannon. It was produced by Leonard Rabinowitz and Stanley Fimberg.

## Plot

Unwanted and ignored by her eternally squabbling parents, a young girl is spiritually torn apart by forces beyond her control. Her parents do further damage to her battered psyche by giving her mixed messages concerning sex and religion. However, her self-esteem dwindles to microscopic proportions on account of a series of worthless boyfriends. After suffering a nervous breakdown, she is placed in an asylum, where she is treated for the first time as a human being rather than a nuisance by a compassionate psychiatrist.

## Cast

* Dyan Cannon as Stephanie
** Alison Sweeney as Stephanie, 12–15 Years Old
** Rebecca Schaeffer as Stephanie, 18–25 Years Old
* John Heard as Dean
* Stephen Meadows as Michael
* George Coe as Dad
* Lola Mason as Mom
* Leslie A. Pam as Dr. Humphries
* Dennis Burkley as "Tiny"
* Michael Madsen as Earl
* Viveka Davis as "Honey"
* Renée Taylor as Angel
* Billie Bird as Mrs. Yabledablov
* Stoney Jackson as Leroy
* Madge Sinclair as Nurse Bowlin
* Eric Harrison as Chester
* Paul Lieber as Rabbi
* Johnny Segal as Ernie
* Arlene Golonka as Claire
* Todd Field as Richard
* James Holmes as David
* Diana Barrows as Arlene
* Stephanie Blackmore as Department Head
* Romy Rosemont as Waitress
* James Shanta as Guy In The Park
* Jack McGee as Officer Jake
* Bill Moseley as Man On The Hill
* Connie Sawyer as Grandma
* Albert Henderson as Grandpa

## Casting

Rebecca Schaeffer's final theatrical film before her murder on July 18, 1989, and was released posthumously. The End of Innocence marks the film debut of future Days of Our Lives star Alison Sweeney.
# Brahmgiani

Brahmgiani (Punjabi: ਬ੍ਰਹਮਗਿਆਨੀ (Gurmukhi)) in Sikhism is a highly enlightened individual being who is one with Waheguru. In Sikhism, such a person has also been named a Gurmukh, Sadhu or Sant. Other derivations of Brahmgiani have come from one possessing the knowledge of Brahman.

## Usage

Brahmgiani is explained in poetry from Guru Arjan and Guru Nanak in the Sukhmani.
# Domnus of Pannonia

Domnus (or Domnio) was the metropolitan bishop of Sirmium early in the fourth century. He probably succeeded Irenaeus, the first known bishop of Sirmium, who was martyred in 304. He was deposed after 325 and before 337. By 343 he was dead.
Domnus was one of just five bishops from the Latin-speaking western half of the Roman Empire known to have attended the First Council of Nicaea in 325. He is mentioned in the lists of signatories to the canons and the Nicene Creed as Domnus Pannoniae (Domnus of Pannonia), Domnus Pannoniensis (the Pannonian) or Domnus metropolitanus (the metropolitan), without mention of a see. Similarly, when Domnus' successor at Sirmium, Eutherius, attended the Council of Serdica in 343, the lists named him only as a Pannoniis (from Pannonia). Since Sirmium was the capital of the province of Pannonia Secunda at the time and the largest and richest city in all of Pannonia, it is likely that it was the metropolis of the church there and it was understood that the Domnus and Eutherius represented their entire province.
Towards the end of the reign of Constantine I around the time of the First Council of Tyre in 335, Domnus was the victim of the anti-Nicene reaction that took hold in Pannonia. According to Athanasius of Alexandria's History of the Arians, Domnus was deposed, forced into exile and replaced because he "hated the [Arian] heresy". It is only Athanasius' contemporary reference to Domnus Sirmii that allows the bishop of Sirmium and the Nicene bishop to be connected. It is possible, however, reconstruct a nearly complete list of Catholic and Arian bishops of Sirmium for the fourth century.
Older works sometimes refer to Domnus of Pannonia as "Domnus of Stridon" (Domnus Stridonensis). This is an error. The village of Stridon, birthplace of Saint Jerome, did not have bishops. Rather, in some lists of Nicene signatories the name preceding that of Domnus, Budius Stobiensis (bishop of Stobi), has been corrupted to Stribon(ensis) and then mistakenly applied to Domnus, being hypercorrected in the process to Stridon(ensis). This error appears in the Illyricum sacrum (1751) and in Giovanni Domenico Mansi's Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio (1758–98).
# Pink Five

Pink Five is a Star Wars fan film that made its debut on the Internet in 2002 and was written and directed by Trey Stokes and stars Amy Earhart as Stacey (a.k.a. Pink Five), a fast-talking Valley Girl-type dropped into an X-wing cockpit during the Battle of Yavin, and presents familiar events and story points from Episode IV from a very different point of view.

## Reception

The film has proven popular with Star Wars fans, winning rave reviews and the George Lucas Selects Award in the AtomFilms- and Lucasfilm-sponsored 2003 Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards, and even played at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. In August 2010, Time magazine listed it as one of the Top 10 Star Wars fanfilms.

## Sequels and other appearances

The success of the first short film inspired sequels: Pink Five Strikes Back (2004), Return of Pink Five, Vol. 1 (2006) and Return of Pink Five, Vol. 2 (2007). With each successive installment, the chapters grew in length and in sophisticated visuals. Unfortunately, the increased expense meant that funding to complete the final chapter (and resolve the cliffhanger at the end of Vol.2) was unavailable for nearly a decade.
Finally, after a successful Kickstarter campaign in 2012, Return of Pink Five, Vol. 3 was finished, and the complete 59-minute Pink Five Saga was screened at conventions around the country in 2013. Later, the saga was released online in 2016. Originally available on Vimeo, the saga has been available on Amazon Video since July 2016.
Stacey appears in Timothy Zahn's 2007 Star Wars novel Allegiance, making her one of the few fan-created Star Wars characters ever to become part of the Star Wars expanded universe.
Stacey also has a brief cameo in the fan film Sith Apprentice, directed by John E. Hudgens.
Additionally, Stacey has now been immortalized on a Topps 30th Anniversary Trading Card. Card #117 ("Fan Films") details the exploits of the Valley Girl X-wing Pilot and her faithful droid, R5-DD.
An original Pink 5 poster also appears in The Star Wars Vault by Steve Sansweet.
# Ben Coleman (politician)

Benjamin John Coleman is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Chelsea and Fulham since 2024. He gained the seat from Conservative minister Greg Hands.
He was a Labour councillor on Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council from 2014 until 2025, and was deputy leader of the council prior to his election to Parliament. At the 2024 general election he became the first Labour MP to represent the Chelsea and Fulham constituency, defeating the incumbent Conservative Minister for London Greg Hands by 152 votes.
PinkNews listed him as an out LGBTQ+ MP in 2024. The Jewish Chronicle listed him as one of the new Jewish MPs in 2024.
# Gábor Stépán

Gábor Stépán (pronounced; born December 13, 1953, in Budapest), Hungarian professor of applied mechanics, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, fellow of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP), fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), former dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Won the Széchenyi Prize in 2011, the Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award (ASME Applied Mechanics Division) in 2015, and the Delay Systems Lifetime Achievements Award (International Federation of Automatic Control, IFAC) in 2021. His research fields include nonlinear vibrations, delay-differential equations, and stability theory. He was elected as a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 2017, "for contributions to the theory and analysis of delayed dynamical systems and their applications".

## Biography

Member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics since 1992, ASME International since 2013, and Euromech since 2000. Chief editor of Periodica Polytechnica (1993-1994). Member of the editorial board of the following scientific journals: Journal of Vibration and Control (1994-2014), Journal of Nonlinear Science (1995-2017), Journal of Computational and Applied Mechanics (2000-2005), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (2005-2010), Mechanism and Machine Theory (2006-), Physica D (1995-2019), ASME Journal Nonlinear and Computational Dynamics (2013-2018), and Nonlinear Dynamics (2014-).

## Work

His research areas are:
* Analytical mechanics: stability theory, delay systems, nonlinear vibrations
* Differential equations: bifurcation theory, delay differential equations, chaos
* Applications in mechanical engineering: nonlinear dynamics of wheels, vibration and stability issues of robots, force control, stabilization of unstable equilibria and motions, human balancing, machine tool vibrations, active nonlinear suspension systems, rehabilitation robotics

## Main publications

Gabor Stepan is author of more than one hundred scientific publications. Books:
* Retarded Dynamical Systems (Wiley, NY, 1989)
* Semi-Discretization for Time-Delay Systems (Springer, NY, 2011)
# Potato masher

A potato masher, tater masher, bean masher, pea masher, masher, or crusher is a food preparation utensil used to crush soft food for such dishes as mashed potatoes, apple sauce, or refried beans. Potatoes mashed using a potato masher tend to be fluffier and lighter in texture compared to other methods of mashing, because use of the device reduces cell damage to the potato, releasing less starch.

## Construction

The potato masher consists of an upright or sideways handle connected to a mashing head. The head is most often a large-gauge wire in a rounded zig-zag shape, or a plate with holes or slits. The term 'potato masher' first appeared in the diaries of keen potato breeder Lord Timothy George II of Cornwall, in 1813. Basic designs made from a single piece of wood were used in Victorian times, before the more complex modern designs which are now used. This type of wooden masher, which is effectively a large wooden pestle, is still used in Scotland and is known as a 'Potato-Beetle' or just a 'Beetle'.

## Uses

Although potato mashers are most commonly used to mash potatoes, they are also used for mashing a variety of foods. They are most used in home kitchens, but may also be used in commercial kitchens. Commercial mashers are often of larger design (up to 32 inches in base width). Other common uses include mashing pumpkins and rutabagas for soup, making hummus, guacamole, baking mix, egg salad, or even purées (depending on the fineness of the ridges).
The plunger is used to push the potatoes through the holes in the body of the masher. the grip is used to hold the masher. The body of the masher is made of metal or plastic, and the plunger is made of metal. The plunger has ridges on it, which help to mash the potatoes.

## Gallery

* Nineteenth century potato masher acquired by Violet Crowther now in the collection of Leeds Museums & Galleries
* A potato masher with a wooden handle
* A common design of a potato masher
* A potato masher in use, with a freshly-prepared pan of mashed potatoes