OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# K. R. Justin Thomas

K. R. Justin Thomas (born 22 July 1968), also known as Koilpitchai Rajapandian Justin Thomas, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee.

## Early life

Justin Thomas was born on 22 July 1968 to Asirvatham Koipitchai Rajapandian and Samuel Manomani. Both his parents were school teachers. His father served as a teacher in the Hindu Middle School at Poochikadu while the mother served in several Panjayat Union Primary Schools in Tiruchendur taluk. He spent his early ages in villages Kudiyiruppuvilai and Mathinanvilai near Tiruchendur. He moved to Megnanapuram at the age of 9, where he continued his schooling. He studied 6th to 12th standard at the Ambrose Higher Secondary School, Megnanapuram. He completed his college studies at Nazareth Margoschis College at Pillaiyanmanai (B.Sc. in chemistry) and The American College at Madurai (M.Sc. in chemistry).

## Early career

Justin Thomas earned his Ph.D. in Chemistry under the guidance of Prof. Vadapalli Chandrasekhar at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur specializing on inorganic heterocycles (cyclophosphazenes). After gaining Ph.D. (1995) he joined, the Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility at IIT Madras to implement a DST sponsored young scientist scheme (1996–1997). After two years stay at IIT Madras, he moved to Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei to take a post-doctoral assignment. He served five years (1997–2003) as National Science Council post-doctoral fellow in Taiwan before moving to the Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst for a year (2003–2004) as research associate. Before assuming the assistant professor position at IIT Roorkee in 2006, he again returned to Taipei and served as senior post-doctoral fellow for two years (2004–2006). Since 2012, he is serving as associate professor of chemistry at the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. In Academia Sinica he worked with Prof. Jiann T'suen Lin while in UMAss at Amherst he collaborated with Prof. Sankaran Thayumanavan. He has acquired expertise in the synthesis of organic materials for application in electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics in Taiwan and on dendrimer synthesis in the US.

## Research activities

Justin Thomas research work at IIT Roorkee is focused on the development of organic and organometallic compounds suitable for application in electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, thin-film transistors and sensors. He is particularly involved in the development of organic fluorophores capable of harvesting triplet excitons in organic light emitting diodes and non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells. His molecular design strategies include orthogonal orientation of donor-acceptor charge transfer and local π-π* axes in the molecule to hybridize the charge transfer and local excited states.

## Academic recognition

Justin Thomas is a recipient of Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI) Bronze Medal (2018) and fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry, London.
# David Mena (politician)

David Mena (Hebrew: דוד מנע; born 8 April 1953) is an Israeli lawyer and former member of the Knesset.

## Biography

Mena was born in Or Yehuda, Israel in 1953. He served in the Israel Defense Forces and later studied law at Tel Aviv University and was certified as a lawyer. He is also a graduate of criminology and international relations studies at Bar-Ilan University and of social services' management at Brandeis University.
Between the years 1978 and 1987, Mena was a member of Ramat Gan local council. He was also a member of the Israel Broadcasting Authority's plenum from 1984 until 1988. In 1988 Israeli legislative election, he was placed 49th on the Likud list, but didn't elected since Likud only won 40 seats. In 1992 he was elected to the thirteenth Knesset on behalf of the Likud party, serving on the House Committee, Labor and Welfare Committee and the Committee on Drug Abuse. Mena was also the chairperson of the parliamentary inquiry committee regarding the Bedouin sector in Israel. He lost his seat in the 1996 elections, and returned to his law practice.
For the 2003 elections he was placed 43rd on the Likud list. Although the party won 38 seats, he re-entered the Knesset on 5 January 2006 as a replacement for Omri Sharon. He lost his seat again in the 2006 elections.
Mena resides in Ramat Gan.
# Leiðarhólmsskrá

Leiðarhólmsskrá (Icelandic pronunciation:, lit. 'Leiðarhólm Agreement') was an agreement and an open letter to the King, named officials and the whole public, signed by 26 Icelandic chieftains in 1513, protesting ecclesiastical encroachment. Primarily the violation of the Sættargjörðin í Túnsbergi, a treaty from 1277, reinstated in 1458, where power was divided between Church and King.

## Background

In the 15th and 16th century the Icelandic Church had become the most powerful entity in the country, both economically and in military matters and had separate laws. Both Bishops and Clerics used had used this to further their powers even more by taking lands from their legal owners without the chieftains being capable of challenging this. The Church also dispensed Canonical law excessively, punishing harshly those who offended them while protecting murderers of non-clerics and other criminals.

## Sources

* Vilborg Auður Ísleifsdóttir, Siðbreytingin á Íslandi 1537-1565, Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag. Reykjavík. 1997. p. 109-114. ISBN 9979-804-98-X
* This Iceland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Daniel Huwyler

Daniel Huwyler (born 1 February 1963) is a Swiss former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Kanninun Cirutampu

The Kanninun Cirutampu (Tamil: கண்ணிநுண் சிறுத்தாம்பு, romanized: Kaṇṇinuṇ Ciṟutāmpu, lit. 'a rope of small knots'), also rendered the Kanninun Siruttambu, is a work of Tamil Hindu literature composed by Madhurakavi Alvar, one of the twelve Alvars, the poet-saints of the Sri Vaishnava tradition. Comprising eleven pasurams (hymns), the Kanninun Cirutampu is a tribute to Madhurakavi's acharya, Nammalvar. These hymns are part of the Sri Vaishnava canon, the Nalayira Divya Prabandham. The hymn is notable for praising both Alwarthirunagari Perumal Temple (Thirukkurugur) and its presiding deity (Adi Nathar Perumal) whose "dark" image remains in the Alvar's mind as he sings of his acharya.

## Legend

The Kanninun Cirutampu is associated with the origin of the Nalayira Divya Prabandham. According to legend, the theologian Nathamuni once heard some people reciting the cantos of Āravāmude of Nammalvar at Kumbakonam. Captivated by these pasurams (hymns), he wanted to know more about them. One of the verses also mentioned Āyirattul Ippattu (lit. '10 out of the 1000'). When Nathamuni enquired about the remaining 990, the people who sang the 10 did not know anything about the other verses. But as the song mentioned the name and place of the Alvar (Kurukur Satakopan), Nathamuni proceeded to Kurukur and asked the people there about Nammalvar's 1,000 verses.
The people did not know the 1,000 verses that Nathamuni wanted, but they told him about 11 pasurams (hymns) of Madhurakavi Alvar, a disciple of Nammalvar, and the Kanninun Cirutampu. They asked him to go to Tiruppulialvar, the place where Nammalvar lived, and recite these 11 pasurams 12,000 times. Nathamuni did as advised, and pleased with his penance, Nammalvar granted him not only his 1,000 pasurams, but the entire 4,000-pasuram compendium of all the Alvars.

## Hymns

The work is named after the opening two words of the first hymn. This is likely a metaphor that compares the knots that were tied by Yashoda to bound the baby Krishna to prevent him from stealing butter, and the poet's own strong ties with his preceptor, Nammalvar. He lauds his preceptor as the lord of Kurukur, the town where the latter resides.
The first hymn of the work is translated as follows:
   In place of my father, the great marvellous one who had himself tied with the knotted, slender cord, I now draw near and speak of the lord of southern Kurkukur, and it flows as amrtam, my tongue's delight
# Ichikawa (surname)

Ichikawa (written: 市川 lit. "market river") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Akinori Ichikawa (市川 暉記, born 1998), Japanese footballer
* Ichikawa Danjūrō and Ichikawa Ebizō, stage names taken on by a series of kabuki actors of the Ichikawa family since the 17th century
* Daisuke Ichikawa (born 1980), Japanese football midfielder
* Fusae Ichikawa (1893–1981), Japanese feminist, politician and women's suffrage leader
* Haruyo Ichikawa (1913–2004), Japanese film actress
* Jun Ichikawa (1948–2008), Japanese film director
* Kon Ichikawa (1915–2008), Japanese film director
* Ichikawa Kumehachi (市川 九女八, 1846–1913), Japanese actress
* Mayumi Ichikawa (born 1976), Japanese long-distance runner
* Mikako Ichikawa (born 1978), Japanese actress and model, sister of Miwako Ichikawa
* Miori Ichikawa (born 1994), former member of NMB48
* Miwako Ichikawa (born 1976), Japanese actress, sister of Mikako Ichikawa
* Miyo Ichikawa (市川 美余, born 1989), Japanese actress
* Raizo Ichikawa (1931–1969), Japanese film and kabuki actor
* Stalker Ichikawa (born 1974), Japanese professional wrestler
* Taichi Ichikawa (市川太一), Japanese voice actor
* Takuji Ichikawa (born 1962), Japanese novelist
* Tatsuo Ichikawa (市川 辰雄, 1916–?), Japanese ice hockey player
* Tomoya Ichikawa (市川 友也, born 1985), Japanese baseball player
* Utaemon Ichikawa, (1907–1999), Japanese film actor
* Yoshiko Ichikawa (born 1976), Japanese long-distance runner
* Yosuke Ichikawa, keyboard player in the Japanese male pop band, The Babystars
* Yui Ichikawa (born 1986), Japanese actress and model, also known as Yui-nyan
* Yuichi Ichikawa, from the Japanese band the Indigo
* Yuki Ichikawa (市川 祐樹, born 1987), Japanese footballer

## Fictional characters

* Hiroshi Ichikawa, a character from the anime series Hungry Heart: Wild Striker
* Hiroshi and Utako Ichikawa, a character from the manga and anime series Kaibutsu-kun
* Koyuki Ichikawa, a.k.a. Baaya, a character from the anime and manga series Ojamajo Doremi
* Kyotaro Ichikawa, the main character from the manga and anime series The Dangers in My Heart
* Mayura Ichikawa, a character from the anime series Best Student Council
* Reiko Ichikawa, a character from the anime series Infinite Ryvius
# Arno Küttel

Arno Küttel (born 20 December 1963) is a Swiss former professional racing cyclist. He notably won a stage of the 1989 Tour de Suisse and the 1995 European Motor-paced Championships. He also won the bronze medal at the 1991 UCI Motor-paced World Championships.

## Major results
### 1982

    1st Chur–Arosa

### 1983

    2nd Chur–Arosa

### 1984

    2nd Chur–Arosa

### 1985

    1st Road race, National Amateur Road Championships
    1st Schynberg Rundfahrt
    3rd Giro del Lago Maggiore
    3rd Chur–Arosa

### 1986

    1st Chur–Arosa
    3rd Overall GP Tell
    3rd Schynberg Rundfahrt

### 1987

    2nd Chur–Arosa
    4th Tre Valli Varesine
    5th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
    6th Coppa Placci

### 1988

    1st Overall Grabs–Voralp
       1st Stage 1a
    1st Visp–Grächen

### 1989

    1st Stage 4 Tour de Suisse
    1st Chur–Arosa
    6th Tour du Nord-Ouest

### 1990

    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 1991

    3rd UCI Motor-paced World Championships

### 1993

    1st National Motor-paced Championships

### 1995

    1st European Motor-paced Championships
# Hari Ram Nathany

Hari Ram Nathany was an Indian politician and businessman. He represented the Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad in the 1st Lok Sabha (lower house of the parliament of India) elected in 1952.

## Private life

Hailing from a Marwari family, Nathany was born in Calcutta as the son of Rameshwar Nathany. His father was a businessman. He was educated privately, and worked as a businessman. He married Gita Devi Nathany, and the couple had three children (two sons and one daughter). He settled in Bhilwara, Rajasthan. As of 1948 he was named honourable treasurer of the Shri Gandhi Memorial Fund in Bhilwara. In 1951 he was named President of the Sapt Shatabadi Maha Sati Mela in Chittorgarh Fort.
As per the Lok Sabha biography, Nathany's hobbies and interests included gardening, poetry, photography, music and tennis. He was a member of the Shri Bhopal Club in Bhilwara.

## Business

The Nathany family was prominent in business (Hari Ram's grandfather had co-founded the Calcutta Stock Exchange). Hari Ram Nathany worked with the family company Duduwala & Co was dealing with mica in Calcutta, maintaining mining activities in Bhilwara. Nathany was also served as one of the directors of the Citizens of India Mutual Insurance Co. in Calcutta (his brother was the chairman of the company). The family also owned several mills.

## Parliamentarian

In politics, he became a member of the Hindu nationalist Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad in 1951. He served as a member of the Working Committee of the party, as well as the Working Committee of its Rajasthan branch.
In 1952, Nathany was elected to the first Lok Sabha from the Bhilwara constituency. He obtained 51,562 votes (47.37%). Nathany was one of three Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad members in the first Lok Sabha, all elected from constituencies in Rajasthan. In parliament, he opposed the trade policies of the Indian National Congress government.

## Later life

After his tenure in parliament 1952-1957, Nathany remainder active in mining business.
Nathany died in Bhilwara on 24 March 1984 at the age of 60.
# Colotenango

Colotenango is a town and municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. The municipality is situated at 1,590 m (5,220 ft) above sea level and has a population of 34,834 (2018 census). It covers an area of 62 km$^2$ (24 sq mi). The annual festival is August 12–15.
Colotenango has two holy sites called Tuikalajan and Tuisanmarcos.

## Demographics

Colotenango is traditionally a Maya community whose residents speak the Mayan Mam language. Two-thirds of the residents are Catholic, while about thirty percent are Evangelica.

## Aldeas

Colotenango includes the following aldeas (towns), Colotenango (el pueblo), Canton Morales, El Granadillo, Ical, Ixconlaj, La Barranca, La Vega, Tojlate, Luminoche, Tixel, and Xemal.
# Acholi dialect

Acholi (/əˈtʃoʊ.li/ ə-CHOH-li, also Leb Acoli, or Leb Lwo) is a Southern Luo dialect spoken by the Acholi people in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum, Amuru, Lamwo, Agago, Nwoya, Omoro and Pader (a region known as Acholiland) in northern Uganda. The Dhopaluo (Chope) sub-dialect of Acholi is spoken in the Kiryandongo District in the kingdom of Bunyoro. It is also spoken in South Sudan in Magwi County, Eastern Equatoria.
Song of Lawino, well known in African literature, was written in Acholi by Okot p'Bitek, although its sequel, Song of Ocol, was written in English.
Acholi, Alur, and Jo Padola have between 84 and 90 per cent of their vocabulary in common and are mutually intelligible. However, they are often counted as separate languages because their speakers are ethnically distinct. Labwor (Thur), once considered a dialect of Acholi, may not be intelligible with it.

## Phonology

Acholi has vowel harmony: all vowels in a word have to belong to a single class (e.g. [kojo] the cold vs. [kɔjɔ] to separate). There are two sets of five vowels, distinguished by the feature [+/-ATR].
[-ATR] vowels in Acholi :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Near-close | ɪ | | ʊ |
| Open-mid | ɛ | | ɔ |
| Open | | a | |
[+ATR] vowels in Acholi :
| | Front | Back |
| Close | i | u |
| Close-mid | e | o |
| Open | | ɑ |
Acholi consonants :
| | | Labial | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
| | | plain | lab. | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | pʷ | t | tʃ | k |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiced | b | bʷ | d | dʒ | ɡ |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| Rhotic | Rhotic | | | r | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | | | l | j | w |
/pʷ/ and /bʷ/ sounds may also sound as labial affricates [pf] and [bv].
Acholi is a tonal language. Thus, some words may be distinguished by tone alone, e.g. bèl (low) 'wrinkled' vs. bél (high) 'corn' and kàl (low) 'place enclosed by a palisade' vs. kál (high) 'millet'. Tone furthermore plays a role in verb conjugation.

### Recent work

The above were the old work of the missionaries Alfred Malandra and Crazzolara published in 1955. However, a more up-to-date Acholi orthography by Janet Lakareber shows that a vowel in Acholi language has more than two pronunciations. A monosyllabic word in Acholi has 14 different pronunciations. This is explained in the nine books of Acoli Accented Orthography.
# Tex Covington

William Wilkes Covington (March 19, 1887 – December 10, 1931) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Detroit Tigers. Appearing in 31 games, he posted a 4.10 ERA. He pitched 147 innings between 1911 and 1912. He made no errors in 1911, but three in 1912, greatly affected his career fielding percentage (.929).
His brother Sam also played in the major leagues.
# Öxarárfoss

Öxarárfoss (Icelandic pronunciation: ) is a waterfall in Þingvellir National Park, Iceland. It flows from the river Öxará over the Almannagjá. The pool at the base of the waterfall is filled with rocks and is often extremely icy during winter.
The waterfall is one of the main attractions of Þingvellir National Park and there is a path from the nearby car park leading up to it.

## In culture

An edited photograph of the waterfall by David Carson is used as the cover of Nine Inch Nails's album The Fragile. A pixelated version is used on The Fragile: Deviations 1, an expanded instrumental version of said album.
# Ryan Tucker

Ryan Tucker (born June 12, 1975) is an American former professional football offensive tackle who played for the St. Louis Rams and Cleveland Browns in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL draft. He played college football at Texas Christian.
Tucker is the older brother of former NFL offensive lineman Rex Tucker and Kyle Tucker.

## Early life

Tucker attended Robert E. Lee High School in Midland, Texas. After his professional football retirement from the Cleveland Browns, Ryan moved with his wife and four children to Midland, Texas, where they now reside.

## College career

Tucker played college football for Texas Christian University. He was twice awarded All-SWC honors for the 1995 and 1996 seasons. Entered college as a Tight End, then made the transition to offensive line. Started games at left, right tackle and center.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span |
| 6 ft 5+7⁄8 in (1.98 m) | 285 lb (129 kg) | 33+5⁄8 in (0.85 m) | 10+7⁄8 in (0.28 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||

### St. Louis Rams

He was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the fourth round (121st overall) in the 1997 NFL draft. In his rookie season he played in seven games and made his NFL debut at the Green Bay Packers on November 2. The 1998 season was masked by a neck injury that made him inactive for nine games. In 1999, he played in all 16 regular season games and three post season games including Super Bowl XXXIV. He scored his first NFL touchdown at the Detroit Lions on November 7. In 2000, he started in all 16 games for the first time in his career. He helped the Rams offense to 7,075 total yards for the season which is an NFL record. The 2001 season saw him play in 16 games with 15 starts, he was again part of a rampant offense and he also played in Super Bowl XXXVI.

### Cleveland Browns

Tucker signed with the Browns as an unrestricted free agent on March 7, 2002. In his first season with the Browns he started 14 games. In his second season with the Browns, Tucker started in all 16 games and was the only offensive player to take part in every snap. He started in seven games in the 2004 season but a knee injury forced him to miss the remainder of the campaign. In 2005, Tucker again started in all 16 games. In 2006, he started 9 games before being placed on the non-football injury reserve list. On August 3, 2007, it was announced that Tucker tested positive for a banned substance. He was suspended for the first four games of the regular season. Upon his reinstatement, he started 8 of the team's final 12 games at the right guard position. The Browns placed Tucker on injured reserve on August 31, 2009. On March 6, 2010, Tucker was suspended for the first eight games of the regular season. The news broke a day after he announced his retirement.

## Coaching career

Tucker is an offensive line coach at Midland Christian High School, and the team has won two state championships while he has been a coach.
# Poena

In Greek mythology, Poena or Poine (Ancient Greek: Ποινή, romanized: Poinḗ, lit. 'recompense, punishment') is the spirit of punishment and the attendant of punishment to Nemesis, the goddess of divine retribution. Some depictions are of a single being, and some depictions are of multiple beings—in the plural, the name is Poenai (Ποιναί); the Poenai are akin to the Erinyes. Her Roman equivalent may have been Ultio.
The Greek word ποινή (poinḗ) means "a recompense or a punishment". From this word is derived the Latin word poena meaning "pain, punishment, penalty", which in turn gave rise to English words such as subpoena and pain.
# 300 Elektra Entertainment

300 Elektra Entertainment (3EE) is an umbrella label group owned by Warner Music Group. It exists as a merger of 300 Entertainment and Elektra Music Group, along with its respectively owned labels.
The umbrella label describes itself as "[having] the mindset of an independent and the muscle of a major".

## History

A merger between 300 Entertainment and Elektra Music Group had long been planned by Warner Music Group, and during WMG's purchase of 300 Entertainment for US$400 million on December 16, 2021, both parties agreed that 300 would be merged with other Warner Music Group labels. Furthermore, the label's CEO Kevin Liles was made head of both Elektra Music Group and 300 Entertainment.
On June 22, 2022, Warner Music Group announced the creation of 300 Elektra Entertainment (3EE), created from the merger of Elektra Music Group and 300 Entertainment; both of the label's respective subsidiaries were taken under the umbrella as a result. Despite this merger, WMG maintains that 300 and Elektra will be keeping their identities. As Kevin Liles took over as 3EE's Chairman and CEO, Rayna Bass and Selim Bouab were appointed co-presidents at 300 Entertainment, with Mike Easterlin and Gregg Nadel continuing to act as co-presidents at the newly renamed Elektra Entertainment.
The umbrella label's logo is a merger of the logo of 300 Entertainment and the 1990’s Elektra Entertainment Group logo.

## Labels

* 300 Entertainment
* 300 Studios
* DCD2 Records
* DTA Records
* Elektra Records
* Fueled by Ramen
* Low Country Sound
* Parlophone
* Public Consumption
* Roadrunner Records
* Sparta
* YSL Records

## Elektra France

Elektra France is a French record label used as copyright-holder for France releases on the Elektra label. It was founded in February 2016 by Fally Ipupa
By 2023, their artists included Moha La Squale, Fally Ipupa, BB Brunes, Ofenbach and 13 Block. Current and older releases are listed on Discogs.