OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lagrangian system

In mathematics, a Lagrangian system is a pair (Y, L), consisting of a smooth fiber bundle Y → X and a Lagrangian density L, which yields the Euler–Lagrange differential operator acting on sections of Y → X.
In classical mechanics, many dynamical systems are Lagrangian systems. The configuration space of such a Lagrangian system is a fiber bundle $Q\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ over the time axis $\mathbb {R}$. In particular, $Q=\mathbb {R} \times M$ if a reference frame is fixed. In classical field theory, all field systems are the Lagrangian ones.

## Lagrangians and Euler–Lagrange operators

A Lagrangian density L (or, simply, a Lagrangian) of order r is defined as an n-form, n = dim X, on the r-order jet manifold J$^r$Y of Y.
A Lagrangian L can be introduced as an element of the variational bicomplex of the differential graded algebra O$^∗$$_∞$(Y) of exterior forms on jet manifolds of Y → X. The coboundary operator of this bicomplex contains the variational operator δ which, acting on L, defines the associated Euler–Lagrange operator δL.

### In coordinates

Given bundle coordinates x$^λ$, y$^i$ on a fiber bundle Y and the adapted coordinates x$^λ$, y$^i$, y$^i$$_Λ$, (Λ = (λ$_1$, ...,λ$_k$), |Λ| = k ≤ r) on jet manifolds J$^r$Y, a Lagrangian L and its Euler–Lagrange operator read
    $L={\mathcal {L}}(x^{\lambda },y^{i},y_{\Lambda }^{i})\,d^{n}x,$
    $\delta L=\delta _{i}{\mathcal {L}}\,dy^{i}\wedge d^{n}x,\qquad \delta _{i}{\mathcal {L}}=\partial _{i}{\mathcal {L}}+\sum _{|\Lambda |}(-1)^{|\Lambda |}\,d_{\Lambda }\,\partial _{i}^{\Lambda }{\mathcal {L}},$
where
    $d_{\Lambda }=d_{\lambda _{1}}\cdots d_{\lambda _{k}},\qquad d_{\lambda }=\partial _{\lambda }+y_{\lambda }^{i}\partial _{i}+\cdots ,$
denote the total derivatives.
For instance, a first-order Lagrangian and its second-order Euler–Lagrange operator take the form
    $L={\mathcal {L}}(x^{\lambda },y^{i},y_{\lambda }^{i})\,d^{n}x,\qquad \delta _{i}L=\partial _{i}{\mathcal {L}}-d_{\lambda }\partial _{i}^{\lambda }{\mathcal {L}}.$

### Euler–Lagrange equations

The kernel of an Euler–Lagrange operator provides the Euler–Lagrange equations δL = 0.

## Cohomology and Noether's theorems

Cohomology of the variational bicomplex leads to the so-called variational formula
    $dL=\delta L+d_{H}\Theta _{L},$
where
    $d_{H}\Theta _{L}=dx^{\lambda }\wedge d_{\lambda }\phi ,\qquad \phi \in O_{\infty }^{*}(Y)$
is the total differential and θ$_L$ is a Lepage equivalent of L. Noether's first theorem and Noether's second theorem are corollaries of this variational formula.

## Graded manifolds

Extended to graded manifolds, the variational bicomplex provides description of graded Lagrangian systems of even and odd variables.

## Alternative formulations

In a different way, Lagrangians, Euler–Lagrange operators and Euler–Lagrange equations are introduced in the framework of the calculus of variations.

## Classical mechanics

In classical mechanics equations of motion are first and second order differential equations on a manifold M or various fiber bundles Q over $\mathbb {R}$. A solution of the equations of motion is called a motion.
# President of the Scottish Rugby Union

The president of the Scottish Rugby Union is the figurehead of rugby union in Scotland.

## Origin

In 1873, and directly after the Scotland versus England international match, representatives from eight Scottish rugby union sides came together in Glasgow at the Glasgow Academy in Elmbank Street. They decided to form an organisation to develop the sport in Scotland. It was initially called the Scottish Football Union, but changed its name to the Scottish Rugby Union to give clarity from association football.
They had a number of initial aims:- to help promote a cup competition; to bring closer working between the Scottish clubs; and to form a committee so that the Scotland international team could be picked.
A committee was thus formed and John Chiene was nominated as the chair. Chiene thus became the first president of the Scottish Rugby Union.

## Powers and duties

The objective of the president of the SRU is to ensure a coordinated, collegiate approach to working with all stakeholders in the game.
Each president holds the role of chairman of the Scottish Rugby Council concurrently when in office.

### Ceremonial roles

The president of the Scottish Rugby Union has performed many ceremonial roles to promote the sport in Scotland. These have included presenting the match ball in the Six Nations Championship; and providing International players with their caps.

## Selection process

The member clubs provide candidates for election as president of the Scottish Rugby Union. Usually two candidates are nominated; the first three-way candidate election was in 2007.
It is common for the vice-president to win the backing of the clubs when the president steps down from the role. The office of vice-president is also an elected one.

### Election

The members clubs of the Scottish Rugby Union vote to see who becomes president. The vote is held at the Annual General Meeting; and is ratified at the AGM.

## Tenure

The post was traditionally a one-year term, but presidents were allowed to run for office for a subsequent year.
John Chiene is the only president to hold the role for two distinct time periods, becoming the first and fifth president. This is now prohibited by Bye-Law 12.4 which states:-
   Without prejudice to interim appointments made under Bye-Law 12.8 or Bye-Law 12.10, a person is only eligible to be elected once as Vice-President and to hold office once as President.
Tom Scott held the post before and after the First World War. There were no presidents elected during the conflict and his two terms can be considered contiguous. Indeed, sources usually attribute his period for the entire war.
The Second World War meant Presidencys were longer: Patrick Munro was president from 1939 to 1942; and Harry Smith took over from 1942 until 1947.
In 2016, Rob Flockhart became the first 'two-term' president. This rule-change meant that Flockhart - and subsequent presidents - could serve two years without standing for election for the second term.
# The Late Show Band

The Late Show Band is a band originally founded and led by American musician Jon Batiste as Stay Human. They became the house band for Stephen Colbert's late-night talk show The Late Show with Stephen Colbert on September 8, 2015. When Batiste departed the show on August 12, 2022, Louis Cato became the new bandleader and Stay Human was renamed The Late Show Band, a change that took effect on September 6, 2022.

## History
### Previous Late Show band

From 1993 to 2015, the band formerly known as Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band served as the Late Show's house band under host David Letterman. During Letterman's tenure as host, the band used the name "CBS Orchestra."

### Stay Human

Jon Batiste met fellow musicians Joe Saylor and Phil Kuehn in 2004 while attending The Juilliard School. Batiste began performing in New York City in 2005 with Saylor and Kuehn as a trio with Kuehn on bass and Saylor on drums. They were joined by two more musicians: Eddie Barbash on alto saxophone and Ibanda Ruhumbika on tuba. They then became known as Stay Human. In 2013, they released their first full-length album, Social Music, through Razor & Tie along with the single "Express Yourself," co-written and produced with Austin Bis.
On June 4, 2015, Stephen Colbert announced on his YouTube channel that Stay Human and its bandleader would be the house band for The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Batiste and Stay Human's "stirring" 2014 performance of "Express Yourself" on Colbert's previous TV show, The Colbert Report, was the basis for Colbert's decision to name Batiste as bandleader on The Late Show. At this time Batiste also invited multi-instrumentalist Louis Cato to join the band.
In February 2016, the band released an album entitled The Late Show EP.
On April 22, 2017, Batiste and Stay Human played for the March for Science rally at the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. In the mission statement for the March for Science it states, "The March for Science champions robustly funded and publicly communicated science as a pillar of human freedom and prosperity."
During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021, the band was introduced as "Jon Batiste and Stay Home-in", as they recorded their musical segments from home.
On August 12, 2022, Stephen Colbert announced that Jon Batiste was leaving The Late Show to focus on his solo career. The band was renamed The Late Show Band, with Cato promoted to band leader. The change took effect on September 6.

## Members

* Louis Cato (electric and acoustic guitar, banjo, bass, drums, percussion, trombone, tuba, vocals)
* Joe Saylor (drums, vocals)
* Nêgah Santos (percussion, vocals)
* Louis Fouché (saxophone, vocals)
* Endea Owens (bass, vocals)
* Jon Lampley (trumpet, tuba, vocals)
* Corey Bernhard (keyboards)

### Former members

* Jon Batiste (piano, melodica, vocals) 2015—2022
* Eddie Barbash (alto saxophone) 2015—2016
* Grace Kelly (saxophonist) 2015—2016
* Phil Kuehn (bass) guest
* Maddie Rice (electric and acoustic guitar), 2015—2020, now with the Saturday Night Live Band.
* Ibanda Ruhumbika (tuba, trombone)
* Michael Thurber (bass) 2015—2016
# Pampanini

Pampanini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Renato Pampanini (1875–1949), Italian botanist and mycologist
* Rosetta Pampanini (1896–1973), Italian soprano
* Silvana Pampanini (1925–2016), Italian actress, director, and singer
# Chioma Okoye

Chioma Okoye (born 3 July 1983) is a Nigerian actress, writer and producer from Aguleri-Otu in Anambra East local government area of Anambra State, a state in the southeastern part of Nigeria. Since her Nollywood film debut in 2002, she has appeared in over 100 films. She is the CEO of Purple Ribbon Entertainment.

## Early life

Okoye was born in Kaduna where she grew up with her parents and brothers and sisters; Godwin, Sam, Gloria, Christian, and Victoria Okoye. Her mother Okoye Noami. O and father Joseph Okoye died 30 April 2013.

## Education

Okoye attended Faith Nursery and Primary school, Kaduna state, northwest Nigeria and Christ the King Seminary, Nnobi Anambra State. She went to University of Lagos (Unilag) where she studied history and strategic.

## Career

Okoye was introduced to acting by veteran actor Pete Edochie who is her uncle. It all happened when she joined her uncle at a location. She first played a role on No Shaking which she played along with Victor Osuagwu, Sam Loco Efe, and Nothing Spoil with Chinedu Ikedieze, Osita Iheme, and Uche Ogbuagu. She hit the market with her first movie she produced which is Aso-Ebi Girls. Okoye became more well known after Abuja Connection released in 2003.

## Personal Life

Chioma's Postpartum struggles left her feeling overwhelmed and isolated. Her Husband's return from Big Brother's show births a turning point.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2003 | Slow Poison (Agala) | | Drama |
| 2003 | Drummer Boy | | Directed by Amayo Uzo Philips |
| 2003 | No Shaking | Ijeoma | with Chiwetalu Agu, Joy Abuchi |
| 2004 | Abuja Connection | Agnes | with Eucharia Anunobi, Prince Emeka Ani |
| 2004 | True Romance | Ego | Directed by Chico Ejiro |
| 2005 | Too Late | | with Ini Edo, Ben Nwosu |
| 2007 | Passage of Kings | Nkem | Drama |
| 2007 | The Prof and Den-Gun | Biggie | Comedy / Drama |
| 2013 | Aso-ebi girl | |
| 2013 | The World Richest Family | | |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Film | Result |
| 2007 | African Youth Awards | Best English/ Best actress | | Won |
| 2004 | City People awards for Excellence | Best Actress | | Won |
# CSIX

The common switch interface (CSIX) is a physical interface specification between a traffic manager (network processor) and a switching fabric. It was developed by the Network Processing Forum to:
* promote development and deployment of highly scalable network switches
* permit hardware and software interoperability
# SIIMA Award for Best Director – Kannada

SIIMA Award for Best Director – Kannada is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for best film direction done by a director in Kannada films. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.

## Winners

| Year | Directors | Film |
| 2011 | Nagashekar | Sanju Weds Geetha |
| 2012 | A. P. Arjun | Addhuri |
| 2013 | Pavan Wadeyar | Googly |
| 2014 | Santhosh Ananddram | Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari |
| 2015 | Upendra | Uppi 2 |
| 2016 | Rishab Shetty | Kirik Party |
| 2017 | Santhosh Ananddram | Raajakumara |
| 2018 | Prashanth Neel | K.G.F: Chapter 1 |
| 2019 | V. Harikrishna & Pon Kumaran | Yajamana |
| 2020 | Pannaga Bharana | French Biriyani |
| 2021 | Tharun Sudhir | Roberrt |
| 2022 | Rishab Shetty | Kantara |
# Carolyn Harding Votaw

Phoebe Carolyn Harding Votaw (October 21, 1879 – October 22, 1951) the youngest sister of Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States, was a missionary, then a public officeholder in Washington D.C. before and during his administration.
She was born in Caledonia, Ohio, in 1879, and graduated from high school in Marion, Ohio, in 1898. To distinguish her from her mother, Phoebe Dickerson Harding, she was known by her middle name Carolyn. From 1905 to 1914, she served as a missionary in Burma with her husband, Heber H. Votaw, a Seventh-day Adventist minister, whom she wed in 1903. They moved to Washington while Harding was a U.S. Senator from Ohio. There, she was an early member of the Women's Bureau of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia, serving as a probation officer, and running a program for unwed mothers. During that period, her husband served as a clerk to Senator Harding, then as an assistant clerk for the U.S. Senate Committee on the Philippines, which Harding chaired in 1919 and 1920.
Soon after her brother was elected to the presidency in 1920, she was appointed to head the social service division of the U.S. Public Health Service, while her husband was named by Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty as Superintendent of Prisons and chairman of the boards of parole at each institution. Mrs. Votaw also served as an advisor to the Federal Board of Vocation Education within the Veterans' Bureau, which caused her name to arise during testimony in the successful prosecution of the bureau's director, Charles R. Forbes, on corruption charges. She arranged a tour of the White House for Nan Britton, with whom Harding allegedly had an extensive affair, and their child, Elizabeth Britton.
In 1924, after President Harding died in office, Heber Votaw's integrity was challenged in a U.S. Senate hearing on misconduct within the Daugherty Department of Justice. William J. Burns, then the head of the Bureau of Investigation, alleged that Votaw called him off an investigation of a narcotics smuggling ring at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, fearing the adverse publicity it would generate. He resigned the following year, citing ill health.
The Votaws lived at 7633 Carroll Avenue in Takoma Park, Maryland.
# Baruch A. Levine

Baruch Abraham Levine (July 10, 1930 – December 16, 2021) was the Skirball Professor Emeritus of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at New York University.
Levine was educated at Case Western Reserve University and obtained his PhD at Brandeis University in 1962; he mainly wrote in the fields of biblical and Middle Eastern studies. In 1975, Levine was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities, US & Canada.
Levine contributed the Leviticus volume to the JPS Torah Commentary series and the Numbers volumes (1–20 and 21–36, with translation) to the Anchor Yale Bible series. In 1975 he published with James Bennett Pritchard The Israelites, the 19th book in the Time-Life 20 vol. series The Emergence of Man. He also wrote In the Presence of the Lord: A Study of Cult and Some Cultic Terms in Ancient Israel (Brill, 1997).
Levine was president of the American Oriental Society, the Association for Jewish Studies, and the Biblical Colloquium, and he also was a board member of the Society of Biblical Literature.
Levine died in Hamden, Connecticut, on December 16, 2021, at the age of 91.
# Musaler

40°09′16″N 44°22′40″E﻿ / ﻿40.15444°N 44.37778°E﻿ / 40.15444; 44.37778
Musaler (Armenian: Մուսալեռ) is a village in the Armavir Province of Armenia. The village was renamed in 1972 after Musa Ler, the site of Armenian resistance in 1915.

## Harisa Festival

Every mid-September, people gather near the memorial of the Musa Dagh resistance in Musaler to participate in the Harisa festival that aims to celebrate the resistance that took place in 1915. During the festival, volunteers cook harisa, traditional Armenian food that is said to be cooked by Armenian refugees during the 40 days of resistance on Musa Dagh.

## Gallery

* Musaler village
# Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid

Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid is a 1986 film produced by Golden Boys Productions.

## Production

Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid was shot in 1983 under the title Zeisters.

## Release

Fat Guy Goes Nutzoid was distributed in September 1986 by Troma.

## Reception

A reviewer credited as "Lor." of Variety reviewed the film on April 11, 1987. "Lor." described the film as a "tasteless effort" noting that it looked like a backyard home movie and that it contained "cheap, vulgar gags", concluding the film was a "dud".
# Perlative case

In grammar, the perlative case (abbreviated PER), also known as pergressive, is a grammatical case which expresses that something moved "through", "across", or "along" the referent of the noun that is marked. The case is found in a number of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Kuku-Yalanji, Kaurna, Kamu and Ngan'gi, as well as in Aymara, Inuktitut, and the extinct Tocharian languages.
In some languages, like Warluwara, it marks the nouns that accompanies motion. For example, in sentence meaning I'm going with this man the noun man would be in perlative. Others, like Nunggubuyu, also have the retrospective pergressive, which indicates the sense of back with or back among.
In Kamu, the case is marked with the -ba suffix.
# Desmond, Western Australia

Desmond is an abandoned mining town of the Shire of Ravensthorpe in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It is located within the locality of Ravensthorpe, on the Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe Road.

## History

Desmond is located on the traditional land of the Wudjari people of the Noongar nation.
Desmond was a siding on the Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe railway line, which operated from 1909 to 1946, but the Desmond siding was closed by 1935. The townsite of Desmond was gazetted at the railway siding in 1909, originally as Eldverton, after the nearby mine. When the Eldverton mine itself received a siding the following year, it became necessary to rename the townsite, with Desmond chosen, after the nearby Mount Desmond.
The Desmond Townsite is listed on the shire's heritage register. The history of the town was a short one, with interest in mining in the area declining soon after establishment. By 1911, people started leaving the townsite again, with the last inhabitant of the town leaving in 1923. An official map of the townsite from around 1909 shows the town to the south-west of the railway line and siding. The town itself consisted of the north-south running Elverd, Potter, Pender and Hatfield Streets, with 114 blocks of land allocated along them. A school site was also included.
The Desmond Hotel predated the townsite, being established in 1905. The building was dismantled in the 1930s and moved to Ravensthorpe.
The mine and the town were originally named after Bob Elverdton, who found gold and copper in the area in 1900 and a first phase of mining at Elverdton took place during the First World War, when copper was in short supply. The mine also produced gold as a by-product from the copper mining.
A second area of mining at the Elverdton mine, north-east of the townsite, took place between 1956 and 1972, when copper was mined there.
# 2019 general election

2019 general election may refer to:

## Africa

* 2019 Botswana general election
* 2019 Guinea-Bissau legislative election
* 2019 Namibian general election
* 2019 Nigerian general election
* 2019 Malagasy parliamentary election
* 2019 Malawian general election
* 2019 Mauritian general election
* 2019 Mozambican general election
* 2019 South African general election

## Americas

* 2019 Argentine general election
* 2019 Bolivian general election
* 2019 Canadian federal election
* 2019 Dominican general election
* 2019 Guatemalan general election
* 2019 Guyanese general election
* 2019 Panamanian general election
* 2019 Uruguayan general election

## Asia

* 2019 Indian general election
* April 2019 Israeli legislative election
* September 2019 Israeli legislative election
* 2019 Philippine general election
* 2019 Thai general election

## Europe

* 2019 Danish general election
* 2019 Portuguese legislative election
* 2019 Finnish parliamentary election
* 2019 Spanish general election
* 2019 United Kingdom general election
* 2019 Greek general election

## Oceania

* 2019 Australian federal election
* 2019 Indonesian general election
* 2019 Nauruan parliamentary election
* 2019 Solomon Islands general election
# Dražen Bolić

Dražen Bolić (Serbian Cyrillic: Дражен Болић; born 12 September 1971) is a Serbian former footballer who played as a defender.

## Club career

After playing for Obilić, Bolić was transferred to Partizan in 1994, spending the next four seasons with the Crno-beli. He then went abroad to Italy and signed with Serie A club Salernitana in 1998. In his debut season, Bolić played regularly for the side, but the club failed to avoid relegation to Serie B. He spent the following 10 years in the country, also playing for Ancona, Vicenza, and Lanciano.

## International career

At international level, Bolić was capped seven times for FR Yugoslavia between 1995 and 2000, making his debut in a 2–0 friendly loss to Greece.

## Post-playing career

After hanging up his boots, Bolić served as assistant manager to Ivan Tomić at Partizan from 2015 to 2016. He also worked as an assistant to Žarko Lazetić at Metalac Gornji Milanovac and TSC.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| FR Yugoslavia | 1995 | 1 | 0 |
| FR Yugoslavia | 1996 | 1 | 0 |
| FR Yugoslavia | 1997 | 2 | 0 |
| FR Yugoslavia | 1998 | 0 | 0 |
| FR Yugoslavia | 1999 | 2 | 0 |
| FR Yugoslavia | 2000 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 7 | 0 |

## Honours

Partizan
* First League of FR Yugoslavia: 1995–96, 1996–97
* FR Yugoslavia Cup: 1997–98