OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tongji Lu station

Tongji Lu Station (Chinese: 同济路站; lit. 'Tongji Road Station') is a metro station on the Guangfo Line (FMetro Line 1). It is located under the junction of Fenjiang Middle Road (汾江中路) and Tongji Road (同济路) in the Chancheng District of Foshan. The station is near the business areas of Jihua Road (季华路) and the Foshan Ancestral Temple (佛山祖庙), and there are many leisure and entertainment facilities nearby. It was completed on 3 November 2010.

## Station layout

| G | - | Exits |
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| L2 Platforms | Platform 2 | Guangfo towards Xincheng Dong (Jihua Park) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L2 Platforms | Platform 1 | Guangfo towards Lijiao (Zumiao) |

## Exits

| Exit number | Exit number | Exit location |
| Exit A | Exit A | Tongji Lu |
| Exit B | Exit B | Fenjiang Zhonglu |
| Exit D | Exit D | Fenjiang Zhonglu |
# 1831 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1831.

## Pterosaurs

* August Goldfuss depicted pterosaurs as flying reptiles that used their wing claws to climb cliffs. He hypothesized that on land, they would have had to travel on all fours. He also suggested they may have been covered in hair.

### New taxa

| Taxon | Novelty | Status | Author(s) | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Pterodactylus crassirostris | Sp. nov. | Valid | Goldfuss | Kimmeridgian | Solnhofen limestone | Germany | Later renamed Scaphognathus crassirostris |
| Ornithocephalus münsteri | Sp. nov. | Valid | Goldfuss | Kimmeridgian | Solnhofen limestone | Germany | Later renamed Rhamphorhynchus muensteri |
| Pterodactylus medius | Sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Münster | Kimmeridgian | Solnhofen limestone | Germany | The only specimen was destroyed in World War II but shows similarities to Germanodactylus. |

## Paleontologists

* Birth of Othniel Charles Marsh on October 29; noted for naming many dinosaur families and genera, including Apatosaurus and Allosaurus.
# Pujun Beilu station

Pujun Beilu Station (Chinese: 普君北路站; pinyin: Pǔjūn Běilù Zhàn; Jyutping: pou$^2$gwan$^1$ bak$^1$lou$^6$ zaam$^6$) is a metro station on the Guangfo Line (FMetro Line 1). located under Zhaoxiang Road (兆祥路) just west of its junction Pujun North Road (普君北路) and Shidongxia Road (市东下路) in the Chancheng District of Foshan, near Zhaoxiang Park (兆祥公园) and the Guangdong Cantonese Opera Museum (广东粤剧博物馆). It was completed on 3 November 2010.

## Station layout

| G | - | Exits |
| L1 Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| L2 Platforms | Platform 2 | Guangfo towards Xincheng Dong (Zumiao) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L2 Platforms | Platform 1 | Guangfo towards Lijiao (Chao'an) |

## Exits

| Exit number | Exit number | Exit location |
| Exit A | Exit A | Zhaoxiang Lu |
| Exit B | Exit B | Zhaoxiang Lu |
| Exit C | Exit C | Shidong Xialu |
| Exit D | Exit D | Zhaoxiang Lu |
| Exit E | Exit E | Zhaoxiang Lu |
# Fritz Von Kolnitz

Alfred Holmes "Fritz" Von Kolnitz (May 20, 1893 – March 18, 1948) was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played for three seasons. He played for the Cincinnati Reds from 1914 to 1915 and the Chicago White Sox in 1916.
Due to his Prussian-sounding surname, he used the name "R.H. Holmes" when first starting in 1913, due to the anti-German sentiment that existed at the time.
Before starting his baseball career, Von Kolnitz played baseball at the College of Charleston and then baseball and football at the University of South Carolina. He is in the Hall of Fame for both schools His baseball career went on hiatus as he joined the U.S. Military to serve during the first World War. "Von Kolnitz played a lot of baseball at Camp Gordon, and was promoted from the rank of captain to major in September 1918, making him the highest ranked former major league player in military service during the First World War," Gary Bedingfield wrote for the Baseball's Greatest Sacrifice website According to Bedingfield, after the war Von Kolnitz worked in the real estate and insurance fields and was an author on historical matters. He served as the Athletics Director for the College of Charleston and pursued political office. When World War II broke out, he re-entered the service, eventually earning the rank of Lt. Colonel. "He later became the senior intelligence officer with the 322nd Bomb Group stationed in England. The 322nd Bomb Group was stationed at Bury St. Edmunds, and was the first to fly Martin B-26 Marauders from the United Kingdom. In September 1943, Von Kolnitz was awarded the Legion of Merit for perfecting a sand-table that he used to familiarize his air crews with their targets."
# Garland, Arkansas

Garland, also known as Garland City, is a town in Miller County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Texarkana, Texas - Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 195 at the 2020 census, down from 242 in 2010.

## Geography

Garland is located in eastern Miller County at 33°21′44″N 93°42′54″W﻿ / ﻿33.36222°N 93.71500°W﻿ / 33.36222; -93.71500 (33.362268, -93.715081), on the west bank of the Red River. Via U.S. Route 82 it is 22 miles (35 km) east of Texarkana and 31 miles (50 km) west of Magnolia.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Garland racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 44 | 22.56% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 142 | 72.82% |
| Other/Mixed | 4 | 2.05% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5 | 2.56% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 195 people, 133 households, and 95 families residing in the town.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 352 people, 133 households, and 88 families residing in the town. The population density was 165.7 people/km$^2$ (429 people/sq mi). There were 164 housing units at an average density of 77.2 units/km$^2$ (200 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the town was 27.84% White, 69.89% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.28% Asian, and 1.70% from two or more races. 0.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 133 households, out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 23.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.1% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $17,500, and the median income for a family was $20,625. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,292. About 37.6% of families and 44.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 62.5% of those under age 18 and 38.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Infrastructure
### Highways

* U.S. Highway 82
* Arkansas Highway 134
Garland has a small airstrip on the south side of the town that is mostly used by crop dusters.

## Education

Lafayette County School District operates public schools. On July 1, 1990, the Garland Arkansas School District consolidated into the Lewisville School District. On July 1, 2003, the Lewisville district consolidated with the Stamps School District to form the Lafayette County district.

## Notable people

* Former Nevada Governor Kenny Guinn was born in Garland.
# Tōsandō

Tōsandō (東山道, literally, "eastern mountain circuit" or "eastern mountain region") is a Japanese geographical term. It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. It is part of the Gokishichidō system. It was situated along the central mountains of northern Honshu, specifically the Tōhoku region.
This term also refers to a series of roads that connected the capitals (国府, kokufu) of each of the provinces that made up the region.
The Tōsandō region encompasses eight ancient provinces.
* Dewa Province
* Hida Province
* Kōzuke Province
* Mino Province
* Mutsu Province
* Ōmi Province
* Shimotsuke Province
* Shinano Province
After 711 AD, Tōsandō was understood to include the Musashi Province.
# Kountouriotika

Kountouriotika (Greek: Κουντουριώτικα pronounced) is a small neighborhood of Athens, Greece, named after the admiral and later President of Greece Pavlos Kountouriotis. It is located within Ampelokipoi.
# George Jones (footballer, born 1895)

George Wilfred Jones (28 June 1895 – 1970) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Everton, Middlesbrough, Southport and Wigan Borough.
# Aleksandr Kotlyarov

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Kotlyarov (Russian: Александр Серге́евич Котляров; born 30 December 1983) is a Russian former professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his Russian Football National League debut for FC Sibir Novosibirsk on 28 April 2006 in a game against FC Dynamo Makhachkala.
# Grillades

Grillades /ɡree-yahds/ are medallions of various meats, conventionally beef, but veal and pork are also used in modern recipes. Often served with gravy at breakfast or brunch over grits, they are a traditional Creole food.
Despite the name, grillades are not grilled, but fried or seared. For grillades with gravy, the meat is cut into medallions, pounded flat, seasoned and dredged in flour. The meat is then browned and braised in a flavorful liquid made up of roux and chopped or crushed tomatoes. The "trinity" (chopped bell pepper, onion and celery), garlic, beef broth and wine are called for in many recipes. Thyme, bay leaves and cayenne or hot sauce are common seasonings. The braising liquid is used as a gravy for the finished dish.
For ”grillades and grits”, the grillades are placed on a bed of grits, often cheese grits, and the gravy poured over both.
This dish is served in many restaurants in Chicago.
# Joshua S. Friedman

Joshua S. Friedman (born 1956) is an American businessman and co-founder of Los Angeles–based hedge fund Canyon Partners.

## Early life and education

Friedman grew up near Boston. His father was a mechanical engineer who served during World War II before he finished college. His mother was a public-school teacher.
He graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1976, where he studied physics. In 1978 he went to the University of Oxford on a Marshall Scholarship where he received a master's degree in politics and economics, graduating with honors. He then returned to Harvard as a Baker Scholar, earning an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School in 1980. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School, where he was the recipient of the 1982 Sears Prize.

## Early career

After completing his studies at Harvard, Friedman was employed at Goldman, Sachs & Co., where he worked in their M&A group. In 1983 Friedman joined Drexel Burnham Lambert and later became director of capital markets for high yield and private placements.

## Canyon Partners

In 1990, Friedman and Mitchell Julis co-founded Canyon Partners, an employee-owned alternative asset management company that is headquartered in Los Angeles, California.

## Awards and honors

Friedman is a recipient of Institutional Investor's "Lifetime Achievement" award in 2014, he's considered a pioneer in the hedge fund industry. In 2019, Friedman and his wife were recipients of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor.

## Philanthropy

Friedman is a member of the Board of Directors of Harvard Management Company, the Harvard Business School Board of Dean's Advisors and the Harvard University Task Force on Science and Engineering. Friedman serves as a Trustee for the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). He is a member of the Investment Committees for the Broad Foundation, the J. Paul Getty Trust and chair of the LACMA Finance Committee. He also serves on the Boards of Advisors of the UCLA Hospital Department of Neurosurgery and the UCLA Anderson School of Management.
# Fayetteville Fire Department Fire Station 3

The Fayetteville Fire Department Fire Station 3 is a historic fire station at 4140 South School Street (United States Route 71) in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is a single story masonry structure, built out of brick in 1963 to a design by local architect T. Ewing Shelton, and is located near the northwest corner of the Drake Field airport. It has two equipment bays on the left, articulated by projecting piers which have narrow windows on the outside. To the right is a lower section, housing a pedestrian entrance and a pair of sash windows. The station is significant as a high-quality local example of Mid-Century Modern design, and for its exemplification of the community's growth in the mid-20th century.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
# Fayetteville Mutual Insurance Company Building

Fayetteville Mutual Insurance Company Building, also known as the Point News building, is a historic commercial building located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1853, and is a two-story trapezoidal-shaped Greek Revival-style brick building.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Natacha Valla

Natacha Valla (born January 1, 1976) is a French economist and Dean of the Sciences Po School of Management and Innovation. She was Deputy Director General for monetary policy at the European Central Bank from May 2018 to January 2020. She is also chair of the SUERF, European Money and Finance forum, editorial board.

## Background and education

Valla was born in Marseille, France. When she was six, her family moved to Gabon for her father's career, who was an engineer at EDF. After graduating from high school in Lyon, she was enrolled in a literary Higher School Preparatory Class in the Lycée du Parc. She holds a master's degree from Georgetown University. She is also a graduate from the European University Institute, where she completed her PhD thesis titled Learning and distribution in monetary economics.

## Career

Valla started her career as an economist at the European Central Bank in 2001. In 2008, Valla was appointed executive director at Goldman Sachs Global Economic Research, focusing on the study of the eurozone. From 2014 to 2016, she was deputy director of CEPII, the main French think tank in international economy according to the World Economic Forum, before joining the European Investment Bank in 2016 as head of Policy Strategy division. During this period, she was also a permanent member of the Conseil d'Analyse Économique, part of the scientific committee of the ACPR, the French Banking Regulatory Body. She was appointed Deputy Director General of the European Central Bank in 2018.

## Academic career

Valla has published research on numerous subjects in the field of international finance, monetary and applied macro-economics. She was a fellow at the Paris School of Economics and a member of the French Société d'Economie Politique. She is also co-author of a textbook of financial macroeconomics and has taught at the University of Florence, the University of Paris Dauphine, HEC and Sciences Po. She currently teaches at New York University in Abu Dhabi.

## Other activities
### Corporate boards

* Wakam, Observer on the Board of Directors (since 2021)
* LVHM, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2016)
* AccorHotels, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2016)
* Autoroutes SA, Member of the Board of Directors
* SCOR SE, Member of the Board of Directors

### Non-profit organizations

* Arte, Member of the Programme Advisory Committee
* Institut Montaigne, Member of the Board of Directors
* Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum (OMFIF), Member of the Advisory Council

## Awards

In 2000, Valla was awarded the SCE Prize in Computational Economics for her graduate research.
In 2018, Valla was recipient of the French National Order of Merit.

## Personal life

Valla is the mother of two sons.
# Birgit Jensen

Birgit Jensen (born January 9, 1940) is a Danish sprint canoer who competed in the early 1960s. Finishing fifth in the K-2 500 m event at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome; it was her one and only ever Olympic appearance.
# Lookout Rancheria

The Lookout Rancheria is a federal Indian reservation belonging to the Pit River Tribe, a federally recognized tribe of indigenous people of California. The ranchería is located in Modoc County in northern California.
Lookout Rancheria is 40 acres (160,000 m$^2$) large and was established in 1913. The rancheria is adjacent to the Shasta National Forest and located about halfway between Burney and Alturas in northeastern California. It is located about four miles (6 km) east of the small community of Lookout in southwestern Modoc County.

## Education

The ranchería is served by the Big Valley Joint Unified School District.
# Federal Office Building (New York City)

The Federal Office Building (also known as the United States Appraisers' Warehouse or The Archive) is a residential building in the West Village of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1892–1899 to designs by Willoughby J. Edbrooke. The ten-story Romanesque style building is bounded by Christopher, Greenwich, Barrow, and Washington Streets. Though Edbrooke died before the completion of the building, his influence and the influence of the Chicago School of Architecture is evident.

## History

The construction of the building was authorized by Congress in 1888. Construction began under the direction of supervising architect Edbrooke in 1892, comprising the first two floors of the building. This work was completed in 1894. An additional eight floors were added from 1896 to 1898, under the direction of William Martin Aiken, supervising architect from 1895 to 1897. Construction was completed in 1898 by his successor, James Knox Taylor. The building served as a storehouse, in which customs agents would examine and assess imported goods to set valuations and duties. The building was used to this end until the 1930s, when the government converted it into an office building, the United States Federal Building. This housed offices of several government agencies, including the National Archives and Records Administration. These agencies moved out in the 1970s and 1980s, and the building was sold to the Urban Development Corporation in 1982 and leased to Rockrose Partners.
The building was converted for residential uses, and is now known as The Archive, after its former tenant. This work was completed in 1988, the architects for the conversion being Warner, Burns, Toan, Lunde. The Continuum Club gym leased space in the building in 2024.
# Federal Reserve Bank Building (Little Rock, Arkansas)

The Federal Reserve Bank Building is a historic commercial building at 123 West Third Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a three-story Classical Revival masonry structure, built out of concrete faced with limestone. Its main facade features a central entry set in a recess supported by four monumental engaged Doric columns. The entrance surround includes a carved eagle. Above the colonnade is a band of metal casement windows, with a low parapet at the top. The building was designed by noted local architect Thompson & Harding and built in 1924. The building was occupied by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Little Rock Branch until 1966.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# Jonathan Wilson (writer)

Jonathan Mark Wilson (born 9 July 1976) is an English sports journalist and author who writes predominantly for The Guardian. He is a columnist for World Soccer and founder and editor of The Blizzard. In 2024 he set up the football history podcast It Was What it Was with Rob Draper. He also appears on The Guardian's football podcast, Football Weekly".

## Biography

Wilson studied English at Oxford University and was the sports editor of the student paper, The Oxford Student. He read for a Master's degree at Durham University, where he was a member of the Graduate Society.
Wilson has written for The Independent, FourFourTwo magazine and The Sunday Telegraph and Sports Illustrated, and was football correspondent for the Financial Times from 2002 to 2006. He writes for The Guardian and UnHerd and is a columnist for World Soccer.
In 2011 he founded the quarterly football journal The Blizzard, which he edits.
Wilson was the main contributor to a feature on The Guardian website, "The Question", in which he analyzes modern trends and evolutions in football. "The Question" has included articles on the decline of the box-to-box midfielder, the importance of the modern full-back and the evolution of the defensive striker. He is currently the main football columnist for The Observer.
His book, Inverting the Pyramid was shortlisted for the William Hill Sports Book of the Year in 2008, and won 'Best Football Book' at the British Sports Book Awards in 2009. Nine of his other books have also been shortlisted for the award. Inverting the Pyramid also won the Premio Antonio Ghirelli and was shortlisted for the German football book of the year award.
His book, "Angels with Dirty Faces" won "Best Football Book" and "Best Historical Book" at the Polish Sports Book Awards (Sportowa Książka Roku) in 2018. The Names Heard Long Ago won "Best Foreign Football Book" at the awards in 2023.
He won FSA Football Writer of the Year in 2012, 2017, 2021 and 2024.

## Personal life

He supports Sunderland A.F.C. in football. He plays cricket on the Authors XI team with other British writers. He is also an occasional player for Hutton CC 5th XI, with whom his most memorable innings of an unbeaten 117 runs was achieved on July 9th 2022 against Belhus CC 5th XI. He appeared in Series 10 of the quiz show Only Connect as part of the Nightwatchmen team. He resides in Wandsworth, South London.

## Books

* Behind The Curtain: Travels in Eastern European Football (2006)
* Sunderland: A Club Transformed (2007)
* Inverting the Pyramid: The History of Football Tactics (2008)
* The Anatomy of England (2010)
* Brian Clough: Nobody Ever Says Thank You: The Biography (2011)
* The Outsider: A History of the Goalkeeper (2012)
* The Anatomy of Liverpool (2013)
* Angels With Dirty Faces: The Footballing History of Argentina (2016)
* The Anatomy of Manchester United: A History in Ten Matches (2017)
* The Barcelona Legacy: Guardiola, Mourinho and the Fight For Football's Soul (2018)
* The Names Heard Long Ago: How the Golden Age of Hungarian Football Shaped the Modern Game (2019)
* Two Brothers: The Life and Times of Bobby and Jackie Charlton (2022)