OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Njarðvík (farm)

Njarðvík (Icelandic pronunciation:) is an ancient farm in northeast Iceland. The descendants of its settlers are featured in several of the Sagas of Icelanders.

## History
### Viking Age

The history of Njarðvík can be traced back to the settlement of Iceland, when Thorkel the Wise claimed all the land around the bay of Njarðvík. His great-grandson Ketil Thrym lived at Njarðvík and became a chieftain after his father, Thidrandi the Old. Several other notable 10th- and 11th-century Icelanders were related to this family, who are known as the "House of Njarðvík" (Old Norse Njarðvíkingar). The Saga of the People of Laxardal cites a lost "Saga of the House of Njarðvík," which may refer to a medieval text that no longer exists or else was renamed, or to an oral tradition.

## Sagas

Njarðvík is referenced in the following medieval Icelandic texts:
* The Book of Settlements
* The Short Saga of Gunnar, Thidrandi's Killer
* The Saga of Droplaug's Sons
* The Saga of the People of Fljotsdal
* The Saga of the People of Laxardal
# Bettsometer

A Bettsometer is a fabric degradation tester commonly used to measure or test the integrity of fabric coverings (and associated stitching) on aircraft and their wings.

## Overview

The Bettsometer comprises a pen-like instrument (which functions much like a spring balance) and a smooth round needle or pin. The needle is inserted into the fabric and then the instrument is pulled to exert a specific force on the fabric in order to test. A visual inspection is made to check for any rips or tears at the needle insertion point.

## Application

The Bettsometer test is often a requirement for the annual 'permit' renewal and is usually carried out by an aircraft inspector who will know the requirements of the test (i.e. the areas of sail and stitching to be tested and the force to be exerted).
# Sandskeið

Sandskeið (Icelandic pronunciation:) is the main gliding center in Iceland and home of the Icelandic gliding club ( Svifflugfélag Íslands) since 1936. It is situated 20 km to the east of Reykjavík, the Icelandic capital, by Route 1. It is a big grass airfield, the main runway is running 150/330 and is 200 x 1.300 meters with the new extension to the east which is 50 x 300 m to allow for greater height when winch launching. There is also a north/south runway 60 x 800 m. On the north side there is an 18 x 800 m paved runway running 150/330. Height above sea level is 180 m (600 ft). The radio frequency used is 119,90 MHz and there is an ATZ open when gliding activity is present which goes from gnd to 3000 ft msl and covers the airfield and a 12 km to the south, and 5 km to the east.
There is a 10 km long mountain ridge only a few hundred meters from the airfield rising 400 – 550 meters above the landscape, that makes ridge soaring possible in winds between east and through north to westerly winds. Mountains and glaciers to the north and east give rise to lee waves, and sea breeze often comes in from the west coast, rarely from the south coast. Thermals are present from April until the end of August. Daily gliding activity from 1 June until 1 September. Weekends in May and September.
The club's fleet consists of the following: ASK 21, LS 4, Duo Discus Turbo, Super Dimona 115 Hp turbo and an LS 8 18m. Privately owned gliders are 3 Lak 12's, 1 Club Astir, 1 ASH 25 and 1 LS 4b.
# Bokote

Bokote is a community on the Busira River in the Province of Équateur in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In the colonial period it held a trading post and a Catholic mission.

## Location

Bokote is on the north shore of the Busira River in the Province of Équateur. The river here forms the boundary with the province of Tshuapa, which Bokote faces to the south. It is at an elevation of about 335 metres (1,099 ft).

## Precolonial times

The early European explorers found that the Busira-Tshuapa region was inhabited by different groups of Mongo people, including the Bokote, Ekota, Bakutu, Bosaka, Bongando and Boyela. The trading posts and missions were often given the same name as the local people, examples being Bokote, Bamanya, Bokuma and Lotumbe. As was common in the area, the fishing village of Bokote was paired with the farming village of Liyolongo, and the two villages traded their produce. The people came together for dances, games and festivals, and intermarried.

## Colonial era

As of 1 January 1894 the Société anonyme belge pour le commerce du Haut-Congo (SAB) had 83 factories and posts, including some in the French territory to the west of the Congo and Ubangi rivers. A map shows the company had posts along the upper Ruki River (i.e. the Busira) at Bilakamba, Bombimba, Bussira Manene, Moniaca, Bocoté and Yolongo. It also had a post at Bomputu on the Lengué (Salonga) River, and posts at Balalondzy, Ivulu and Ivuku on the Momboyo River.
The first Catholic mission station in the region was established in 1913 in Bokote, followed by a station in Boende in 1925. In 1924 the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart took Bokote back from the Trappists. A 1920s or 1930s postcard from the Sacred Heart mission agency in Coquilhatville (now Mbandaka]) shows a line of eight young girls wearing traditional clothing with the caption "La jeunesse de Bokote." ("Youth of Bokote"). Another postcard from that period shows a number of people standing in dugout boats in the river, some holding paddles, with the legend "4. – Mission de Coquilhatville, Congo Belge. –Sur la Busira, a Bokote." ("On the Busira, Bokote").
# Pennsylvania Route 245

Pennsylvania Route 245 (PA 245) was a 2.10-mile-long (3.38 km) east–west state highway located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Commissioned in 1928, the designation began at U.S. Route 309 (US 309) in Slatington, east to PA 45 in Berlinsville. Today, the US 309 alignment has become PA 873 and the PA 45 designation has become PA 248. PA 245 was decommissioned in the 1940s.

## Route description

PA 245 began at an intersection with US 309 (now PA 873) in the borough of Slatington in Lehigh County. It headed eastward along Mountain View Drive (modern Main Street) and crossed the Lehigh River to enter the borough of Walnutport in Northampton County. Here, PA 245 intersected PA 145 at Washington Street/Cherry Street in the center of the borough. Outside of Walnutport, PA 245 traversed Lehigh Township on a northeasterly alignment. The highway terminated at an intersection with PA 45 (now PA 248) in Berlinsville.

## History

PA 245 was designated in 1928 to run from PA 145 in Walnutport east to PA 45 in Berlinsville along an unpaved road. By 1930, the route was extended west to US 309 in Slatington. At this time, PA 245 was paved from Slatington to just east of Walnutport. The remaining unpaved section was paved in the 1930s. The PA 245 designation was decommissioned in the 1940s. Today, the former route is SR 4016 along Main Street in Slatington, SR 4022 along Main Street in Walnutport, and township-maintained Main Street and Poplar Drive in Lehigh Township. A portion of Main Street in Lehigh Township has been severed with the construction of Mountain View Drive as the road connecting Walnutport to PA 248.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Lehigh | Slatington | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 309 | Now PA 873 |
| Northampton | Walnutport | 0.74 | 1.19 | PA 145 – Palmerton, Allentown | |
| Northampton | Lehigh Township | 2.10 | 3.38 | PA 45 – Lehighton, Easton | Now PA 248 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Septoria pistaciae

Septoria pistaciae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting pistachios. It causes a disease known as septoria leaf spot in the leaves of pistachio, along with the related species septoria pistaciarum and septoria pistacina.
# Gary Smith (philosopher)

Gary Smith (born July 26, 1954 in New Orleans) is an American philosopher and culture manager.

## Early life and education

Smith grew up in Austin, Texas. After graduating from high school in 1972, he went on to study philosophy and German in Houston and Boston as well as in Frankfurt as a DAAD scholarship recipient. After completing a dissertation on Walter Benjamin, Smith earned his doctorate in 1989 from Boston University.

## Career

Between 1986 and 1992, Smith had teaching positions in Boston, Chicago, and Potsdam, Germany, as well as at the Berlin University, where he lectured on Jewish studies and philosophy. From 1992 to 1998, he led the Einstein Forum in Potsdam.
From 1997 until 2014, Smith was the Executive Director of the American Academy in Berlin. His academic publications include: Benjaminiana. Eine biographische Recherche, with Hans-Georg Puttnies; Gershom Scholem. Zwischen den Disziplinen; Amnestie, oder die Politik der Erinnerung in der Demokratie, with Avishai Margalit; Wissenbilder. Strategien der Überlieferung, with Ulrich Raullf; Hannah Arendt Revisited: Eichmann in Jerusalem.
Since 2016, Smith has been a member of the so-called Limbach Commission (Advisory Commission on the return of cultural property seized as a result of Nazi persecution, especially Jewish property), a panel convened by the German government to give recommendations on restitution claims regarding art works stolen or purchased under duress by the Nazis.

## Recognition

For his dedication to the building of networks in knowledge and cultural exchange on the national and international levels, he earned the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2002. In 2011, the city of Berlin thanked Smith for his cultural and scholarly development of the German-American friendship and the contributions to the city with intellectual, challenging, and outstanding events with the Order of Merit of Berlin.

## Personal life

Smith is in his second marriage to the daughter of the former Berlin Mayor, Klaus Schütz. He has a son from his first marriage and a son as well as twin daughters from his second marriage.
# Utah State Route 62

Utah State Route 62 (SR-62) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Over a span of 42.8 miles (68.9 km), it connects the cities of Junction and Kingston in Piute County to SR-24 in Sevier County to the northwest.

## Route description

The route begins on US-89 just south of Junction and proceeds east through the city of Kingston and into Kingston Canyon alongside the East Fork Sevier River. After approximately 9 miles (14 km), the route exits the canyon into Grass Valley and turns to the north-northeast as it passes SR-22 (to Antimony) and Otter Creek Reservoir. Continuing north-northeast through Grass Valley, the route passes through the towns of Angle, Greenwich, and Koosharem. The route turns to the northwest as it passes by Burrville, exits Grass Valley, and enters Plateau Valley shortly before it ends at its intersection with SR-24.

## History

The road from Plateau Junction to SR-22 was designated a state highway in 1931 as State Route 62. In 1953, a spur was added to the town of Burrville. In 1962, the route was realigned along Otter Creek Reservoir to a new road slightly to the west. In 1967, the portion of SR-22 from former SR-11 (US-89) was reassigned to SR-62. In 1969, the Burrville spur was removed.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Piute | Junction | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 89 | Western terminus |
| Piute | Otter Creek Junction | 12.330 | 19.843 | SR-22 – Antimony | |
| Sevier | Plateau Junction | 42.833 | 68.933 | SR-24 | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Provincial road 34-27 (Turkey)

Provincial road 34-27 (Turkish: İl yolu 34-27), named the Samadıra–Kartal connector (Turkish: Samandıra-Kartal bağlantısı), is a 9.9-kilometre-long (6.2 mi) highway that connects the otoyol O-4 to the state highway D.100 in Istanbul, Turkey. A provincial road is governed under the responsibility of the respective Turkish provincial government, and bears the license plate number of that province in the road identification number's first half. It is one of the three connectors between the two roads in the Istanbul metropolitan area. The route begins at exit K2 on the O-4 and heads south through two large parks, the Kayışdağı and Aydos forests, until reaching Kartal and connecting to the D.100. After the interchange, the connector becomes Sanayi Cad. ("Industry Avenue") and continues as a surface street. The connector was built in 1991.

## Exit list

The entire route is in Istanbul Province.
| District | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Sancaktepe | 0.0 | 0.0 | O-4 – Istanbul, Ankara | Exit K2 on the O-4 |
| Sancaktepe | 1.4 | 0.87 | Samandıra Toll Plaza | Samandıra Toll Plaza |
| Sancaktepe | 2.0 | 1.2 | Yakacık Avenue | |
| Kartal | 4.7 | 2.9 | Samandıra–Yakacık Road | |
| Kartal | 7.5 | 4.7 | Balıkesir Avenue | |
| Kartal | 8.9 | 5.5 | Yalnız Selvi Avenue | Southbound entrance and exit |
| Kartal | 9.1 | 5.7 | Kartal Avenue | Northbound entrance and exit |
| Kartal | 9.6 | 6.0 | D.100 – Harem, Tuzla | |
| Kartal | 9.9 | 6.2 | Sanayi Avenue | Roadway continues as Sanayi Avenue |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access Tolled |||||
# Kyinka

Kiynka (Ukrainian: Киїнка) is a village in Ukraine, the center of Kyinka rural hromada, Chernihiv Oblast, Chernihiv Raion. It is located at a distance of 1 km from Chernihiv. Until 2016, the local self-government body was the Kyinka Village Council, to which, in addition to Kyinka, were subordinated villages Hushchyn and Zhawynka.
During the 2022 siege of Chernihiv, Russian military forces were unable to enter Kyinka, but the village was constantly shelled from the directions of Mykhailo-Kotsiubynske and Shestovytsia [uk], resulting in damage to over a thousand houses.
# Mount Davidson

Mount Davidson may refer to:
* Mount Davidson (Alberta)
* Mount Davidson (Antarctica)
* Mount Davidson (British Columbia)
* Mount Davidson (California), highest point of San Francisco.
* Mount Davidson (Nevada)
# The Saint of Bright Doors

The Saint of Bright Doors is a 2023 fantasy novel by Sri Lankan author Vajra Chandrasekera. The novel follows the story of a man trained from a young age to assassinate a prominent spiritual leader, in a fictional city with supernatural "bright doors".
In 2024, the novel won the Crawford Award for fantasy literature. It was nominated for the 2024 Hugo Award for Best Novel, was listed as a New York Times Notable Book of 2023, and won the Nebula Award for Best Novel of 2023.

## Themes

Aigner Loren Wilson of Lightspeed identified themes of "generational, religious, and political trauma" in the novel. Sally Adee of New Scientist described the "deepest theme" of the novel as "the nature of memory and how it can be abused."
In a Literary Hub podcast, Chandrasekera described the novel as "very much a book about history and the way histories are formed, structured, organized, and recorded," adding that there was a "blurring of history and mythology" which can be "highly politically significant depending on whose mythology is being forced onto who."

## Reception
### Critical reception

Writing for The New York Times, Amal El-Mohtar called the novel "the best book I’ve read all year," saying that it was a "casual challenge to what a fantasy novel could be" and "manages to pinpoint the peculiar insanity of our modernity." Jake Casella Brookins of Locus said that the book was "a hard book to talk about... There is so much going on here, and yet it all fits together perfectly – book of the year material, no question," adding that it "deploys some truly huge ideas in how it plays with the writing and rewriting of history and culture" and that had a striking "commitment to the revolutionary impulse and societal critique." Aigner Loren Wilson of Lightspeed described the novel a "a slow beautiful burn of wonderful city descriptions and magical mysteries" that wasn't "as dark as I was expecting." Publishers Weekly reviewed the novel as "a lyrical but sluggish fantasy," saying that it was a "meandering meditation on mind-body duality, fanaticism, and eschatology that will appeal only to fans of the most cerebral fantasies."
# Alexander von Hartmann

Alexander von Hartmann (11 December 1890 – 26 January 1943) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 71st Infantry Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Hartmann was killed on 26 January 1943 during the Battle of Stalingrad and was posthumously promoted to General of the Infantry.
Before his death Hartmann stated, "I intend to go to my infantry in the front line...I will seek death among their ranks. Captivity for a general is dishonourable." He was killed instantly when he was shot in the head while standing upright on the railway embankment firing "shot after shot from his rifle."

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 October 1942 as Generalleutnant and commander of 71. Infanterie-Division
# Bajmok

Bajmok (Serbian Cyrillic: Бајмок; Hungarian: Bajmok, pronounced) is a village located in the municipality of Subotica, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbered 7,414 inhabitants as of 2011 census.

## Name

In Serbian Cyrillic the village is known as Бајмок, in Serbian Latin as Bajmok, in Hungarian as Bajmok, in Bunjevac as Bajmok or Bajmak, in Croatian as Bajmak (since 2009) or Bajmok (before 2009), and in German as Nagelsdorf.

## History

The first written documents relating to Bajmok came from the fifteenth century. Then the village was for the first time officially mentioned as a village. King Matthias gave it to his mother, Erzsébet Szilágyi. The deed of donation was confirmed on 16 February 1462.
During Ottoman administration (16th-17th century), two villages with this name were mentioned: Bajmok and Novi Bajmok. Both villages had about 20 houses. Population was composed of ethnic Serbs. These villages existed until the beginning of the 18th century when they were abandoned.
The village was rebuilt between 1770 and 1785. In this time, settlers were mainly Bunjevci and Hungarians. At the time of the Hungarian revolution, in the fields of this village there was a conflict between the Hungarian and the Vojvodinian Serb army, won by the Hungarians.
In 1910, population of the village was mainly composed of Hungarians, Bunjevci and Germans, with some Serbs living there as well.
After World War I, new Serb settlers came to the village. During the Second World War, this village was under the Hungarian occupation. Many of the citizens were exiled from their homes (including the Hungarian population) to make room for Csango newcomers. Bajmok was liberated from the Hungarian fascists on 19 October 1944.
After World War II, 2,090 (mostly Serb) colonists settled in Bajmok, which enlarged village population to 11,789.
Until 1991, the largest ethnic group in the village were Hungarians. By the 2002 census, Serbs were listed as the single largest ethnic group in Bajmok.

## Demographics

According to the last official census done in 2011, the village of Bajmok has 7,414 inhabitants.

### Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the village according to the 2002 census:
* 2,900 (33.78%) Serbs
* 2,450 (28.54%) Hungarians
* 1,266 (14.75%) Bunjevci
* 700 (8.15%) Croats
* 454 (5.29%) Yugoslavs
* 102 (1.19%) Montenegrins
* 653 (8.3%) others
# Üllői út

Üllői út (Üllői Avenue, lit. means "Road to Üllő", Hungarian pronunciation:) is a major transport artery in Budapest, Hungary. Üllői út is the longest avenue in Budapest. It is 15.6 km long and nearly perfectly straight.
It starts at the edge of Inner City proper, crosses Small Boulevard and Grand Boulevard and runs as far as the boundary of the capital in southeastern direction, reaching the nearby towns (suburbs) of Vecsés and Üllő, the latter providing its name. During the socialist era, the avenue's name was Vörös Hadsereg útja (lit. Street of the Red Army) between Határ út (pre-1950 city limit) and the present (post-1950) city limit. See also: Greater Budapest
The Metro 3 runs under it from Kálvin tér as far as Határ út, having 8 stations along it. It has a side-road leading to Ferihegy Airport, the most important international airport of Hungary. It also forms the boundary between Ferencváros and Józsefváros.
Üllő means "anvil" in Hungarian.
Among its notable points are
* Semmelweis University
* Museum of Applied Arts
* Semmelweis University Clinics
* Szent István Hospital and Szent László Hospital (together Üllői Avenue Clinics, the largest hospital complex in Budapest)
* Stadion Albert Flórián (former Üllői úti stadion/Stadion Üllői Avenue)
* People's Park with the central autobus station
* Attila József microdistrict (built 1957–1967), the first Soviet-style housing estate in Budapest
* Wekerletelep, a historic garden suburb built before and around WWI, named after Sándor Wekerle, its central square planned by the architect Károly Kós.

## Sources

* Budapest City Atlas, Dimap, Budapest, 2006, ISBN 963-9549-15-0 CM
47°26′47″N 19°10′14″E﻿ / ﻿47.44639°N 19.17056°E﻿ / 47.44639; 19.17056
* This Budapest location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Hungarian road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Stafford Creek Corrections Center

Stafford Creek Corrections Center (SCCC) is a Washington State Department of Corrections state prison for men located in Aberdeen, Washington. The facility opened in 2000, has an operating capacity of 1936 inmates, and supports a mix of minimum, medium, and maximum security levels.
Stafford is one of a number of Washington prisons with an environmental program developed in conjunction with The Evergreen State College. Inmates plant gardens (though health code restrictions are still being reviewed, preventing the food from being utilized in the institution kitchen), help restore protected wetlands by raising seedlings in prison greenhouses, and similar programs. Results include an annual cost savings of $200,000 at Stafford from recycling trash, which decreased the amount of trash being hauled away

## Notable inmates

| Inmate Name | Register Number | Status | Details |
| DeWayne Lee Harris | 908867 | Serving a 94-year sentence. | Convicted of murdering 3 women in the late 1990's. |
| Paul Kenneth Keller | 709189 | Serving a 107-year sentence. | Convicted arsonist and murderer. |
| Benjamin Ng | 280999 | Serving a life sentence. | One of the perpetrators of the 1983 Wah Mee massacre. |
* Allen Christopher Ivanov, perpetrator of the 2016 Mukilteo shooting.
* Jesus Mezquia, convicted in the 1993 murder of Mia Zapata. Died in January 2021.
# Péter Szondi

Péter Szondi (Hungarian:; 27 May 1929, Budapest – 18 October 1971, Berlin) was a celebrated literary scholar and philologist, originally from Hungary.

## Biography

Szondi's father was the Hungarian-Jewish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Léopold Szondi, who settled in Switzerland after his 1944 release after five months in Bergen-Belsen.
In 1965, Péter became a Professor at the Free University of Berlin, where he led the Institute for General and Comparative Literature. His fields were the history of literature and comparative literature.
He committed suicide in 1971 by drowning himself in the Halensee in Berlin on 18 October, leaving unfinished his book about the work of his friend Paul Celan, who had killed himself the year before.

## Works

* Über eine "Freie Universität". Suhrkamp, 1973
* Die Theorie des bürgerlichen Trauerspiels im 18. Jahrhundert. Suhrkamp, 1973
* Celan-Studien. Suhrkamp, 1972 = Celan Studies, trans. Susan Bernofsky with Harvey Mendelsohn, Stanford University Press, 2003. ISBN 9780804744027
* Hölderlin-Studien. Insel, 1967
* Satz und Gegensatz. Insel, 1964
* Der andere Pfeil. Insel, 1963
* Versuch über das Tragische. Insel, 1961
* Theorie des modernen Dramas. Suhrkamp, 1956
* "Hope in the Past: On Walter Benjamin", reprinted in Benjamin, W. (trans. Howard Eiland), Berlin Childhood Around 1900, 2006, Belknap Press [Harvard UP]. ISBN 0-674-02222-X