# Contactee

Contactees are persons who claim to have experienced contact with extraterrestrials. Some claimed ongoing encounters, while others claimed to have had as few as a single encounter. Evidence is anecdotal in all cases.
As a cultural phenomenon, contactees achieved their greatest notoriety during the 1950s, but individuals continue to make similar claims in the present day. Some contactees have shared their messages with small groups of believers and followers, and many have written books, published magazine and newspaper articles, issued newsletters or spoken at UFO conventions.
The contactee movement has received serious attention from academics and mainstream scholars. Among the earliest was the 1956 study, When Prophecy Fails by Leon Festinger, Henry Riecken, and Stanley Schachter, which analyzed the phenomenon. There have been at least two university-level anthologies of scientific papers regarding the various contactee movements.
The accounts of contactees generally differ from those who allege alien abduction, in that while contactees frequently describe positive experiences involving humanoid aliens, abductees usually describe their encounters as frightening or disturbing.

## Overview

Astronomer J. Allen Hynek described contactees thus:
   The visitation to the earth of generally benign beings whose ostensible purpose is to communicate (generally to a relatively few selected and favored persons) messages of "cosmic importance". These chosen recipients generally have repeated contact experiences, involving additional messages
Contactees became a cultural phenomenon at the end of the 1940s and continued throughout the 1950s and 1960s, often giving lectures and writing books and articles about their experiences. Though the phenomenon peaked during the 1950s, it still exists today. Skeptics usually consider such "contactees" as either dishonest or deluded in their claims. Susan Clancy wrote that such claims are "false memories" concocted out of a "blend of fantasy-proneness, memory distortion, culturally available scripts, sleep hallucinations, and scientific illiteracy".
Contactees usually portrayed aliens as more or less identical in appearance and mannerisms to humans. The aliens are also almost invariably reported as disturbed by the preponderance of violence, crime, and wars that occur on earth, and by the possession of various earth nations of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. Curtis Peebles summarizes the common features of many contactee claims:
* Certain humans have had physical or mental contact with seemingly peaceful and benevolent, humanoid space aliens.
* The contactees have also flown aboard seemingly otherworldly spacecraft and traveled into space and to other planets.
* The Aliens want to aid mankind in solving its problems, stop nuclear testing and prevent the inevitable destruction of the human race.
* This will be accomplished by the brotherhood spreading a simple message of love and brotherhood throughout the world.
* Other sinister beings, such as the Men in Black, use force and coercion to continue to cover-up the government's knowledge of UFOs and suppress the message of peace and hope.

## History
### Early examples

As early as the 18th century, people like Emanuel Swedenborg were claiming to be in psychic contact with inhabitants of other planets. 1758 saw the publication of Concerning Earths in the Solar System, in which Swedenborg detailed his alleged journeys to the inhabited planets. J. Gordon Melton notes that Swedenborg's planetary tour stops at Saturn, the furthest planet discovered during Swedenborg's era, he did not visit then unknown Uranus, Neptune or Pluto.
In 1891, Thomas Blott's book The Man From Mars was published. The author claimed to have met a Martian in Kentucky. Unusually for an early contactee, Blott reported that the Martian communicated not via telepathy, but in English.

### 1900s

George Adamski, who became probably the most prominent UFO contactee of the 1950s, had an earlier interest in the occult. Adamski founded the Royal Order of Tibet in the 1930s. Michael Barkun writes: "His [later] messages from the Venusians sounded suspiciously like his own earlier occult teachings."
Christopher Partridge noted significantly that the pre-1947 contactees "do not involve UFOs".

### Contactees in the UFO era

In support of their claims, early 1950s contactees often produced photographs of the alleged flying saucers or their occupants. A number of photos of a "Venusian scout ship" by George Adamski and identified by him as a typical extraterrestrial flying saucer were noted to suspiciously bear a remarkable resemblance to a type of once commonly available chicken egg incubator, complete with three light bulbs which Adamski said were "landing gear".
For over two decades, contactee George Van Tassel hosted the annual "Giant Rock Interplanetary Spacecraft Convention" in the Mojave Desert.

## Response to contactee claims

Even in ufology— the study itself limited to sporadic or little mainstream scientific or academic interest—contactees were generally dismissed as charlatans or regarded as the lunatic fringe by serious ufologists. Many ignored the subject altogether, out of possible harm to serious study of the UFO phenomenon. Jacques Vallée notes, "No serious investigator has ever been very worried by the claims of the 'contactees'."
Carl Sagan has expressed skepticism about contactees and alien contact in general, remarking that aliens seem very happy to answer vague questions but when confronted with specific, technical questions they are silent:
   Occasionally, by the way, I get a letter from someone who is in "contact" with an extraterrestrial who invites me to "ask anything". And so I have a list of questions. The extraterrestrials are very advanced, remember. So I ask things like, "Please give a short proof of Fermat's Last Theorem." Or the Goldbach Conjecture. And then I have to explain what these are, because extraterrestrials will not call it Fermat's Last Theorem, so I write out the little equation with the exponents. I never get an answer. On the other hand, if I ask something like "Should we humans be good?" I always get an answer. I think something can be deduced from this differential ability to answer questions. Anything vague they are extremely happy to respond to, but anything specific, where there is a chance to find out if they actually know anything, there is only silence.
Some time after interest in the contactee phenomenon had waned, Temple University historian David M. Jacobs noted a few interesting facts: the accounts of the prominent contactees grew ever more elaborate and as new claimants gained notoriety, the older contactees often backdated their first encounter, claiming it occurred earlier than anyone else's. Jacobs speculates that this was an attempt to gain a degree of "authenticity" over later contactees.

## List of contactees

Prominent UFO contactees include: