OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bláskógabyggð

Bláskógabyggð (pronunciation) is a municipality located in Iceland's Southern Region. Its major settlements are Laugarás and Laugarvatn. The municipality was formed in 2002 after the merger of Laugardalshreppur, Biskupstungnahreppur and Þingvallahreppur. Within the area of the municipality lies an enclave of another municipality, Grímsnes- og Grafningshreppur.
# Langspil

The langspil (Icelandic pronunciation:; meaning long-play) is a traditional Icelandic drone zither. It has a single melody string and usually 2 drone strings.
The langspil can be played by plucking the strings by hand, with a bow or by hammering. Langspils exist in two basic versions, straight and curved and are generally around the length of 80 cm (31 in), and can be as long as 104 cm (41 in) or as short as 73 cm (29 in). Many different types of wood have traditionally been used, including pine, fir, beechwood, birch, oak and walnut, since they were generally constructed from driftwood.

## History

The oldest written sources describing the langspil are from the 18th century. In those times langspils are described as a long thin box, wider at the bottom end and with one to six strings. In the early 19th century a version with a curved soundbox emerged which has improved sound qualities. In 1855 the book Leiðarvísir til að spila á langspil (A guide on playing the langspil) was published. It also included information on how to make langspils, although with a slight printing error in the fretting. This book increased the popularity of the Langspil quite a lot. However, by the middle of the 20th century the instrument had become rare and few played it any more.
By the 1960s, the singer Anna Þórhallsdóttir realized that the langspil was slowly disappearing from Icelandic musical traditions and as a response she spearheaded its revival, which is still ongoing. Today a number of bands and performers include the langspil in their repertoire, including Spilmenn Ríkinís, Sigurður Rúnar Jónsson, Bára Grímsdóttir, Chris Foster and Þórður Tómasson á Skógum. The langspil also has an important place on the yearly folk-song festival on Siglufjörður.
# Tálknafjörður

Tálknafjörður (Icelandic pronunciation: ) is a fjord located in southern Westfjords between Patreksfjörður and Bíldudalur in Iceland.
The term is also used for the immediate village and the former municipality of Tálknafjarðarhreppur. In January 2024, the municipality had 250 inhabitants, of whom 234 lived within the town proper.
The town is located in the municipality of Vesturbyggð. In October 2023, inhabitants voted for the merger of the municipalities, which officially took place in May 2024. The town of Tálknafjörður was formerly named Sveinseyri or Tunga. By road, the distance to Ísafjörður, the largest city in the West Fjords, is 137 km, and 403 km to Reykjavík. This distance can be significantly shortened by the ferry from Brjánslækur to Stykkishólmur.
# Fimmvörðuháls

Fimmvörðuháls (Icelandic pronunciation: ; "five cairns pass") is the area between the glaciers Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull in southern Iceland. The route between Skógar and Thórsmörk goes through this pass and is one of the most popular walking routes in Iceland, despite being 22 kilometres (14 mi) long and involving 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) of climbing. There are two mountain huts along Fimmvörðuháls, one owned by hiking association Útivist, the other called Baldvinsskáli. The route from Skógar has many waterfalls along the way. The route is only accessible between mid-June and late-August. On the night of 16 May 1970, three travellers died in the mountain pass in a snowstorm.
Hiking the Fimmvörðuháls mountain pass takes 1–2 days. It is also possible to combine the Fimmvörðuháls route with the Laugavegur Trek between Landmannalaugar and Thórsmörk to make a trip of 4–6 days in length.

## 2010 eruption

On 20 March 2010, an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano began in Fimmvörðuháls following months of small earthquakes under the Eyjafjallajökull glacier. The eruption began around 23:00 and opened a 0.5 km (0.31 mi) long fissure vent on the northern part of the pass. Just over a week later, the Fimmvörðuháls eruption produced a 300-meter (980 ft)-long fissure and new craters were seen erupting on a northward path toward the area of Thórsmörk, a popular tourist nature preserve, prompting tours to stop briefly as volcanologists assessed the situation further. The two new craters at Fimmvörduháls were named Magni and Móði, after the sons of Thor, the Norse god of thunder. It is an apt name because Thórsmörk is close to the craters. The new lava field was named Goðahraun, because the lava streamed in the area Goðaland. These official names were accepted by the Minister of Education and Culture 15 June 2010.
In April 2010, this was followed by a larger eruption on Eyjafjallajökull itself.
# Nellimarathupatti, Dharmapuri

Nellimarathupatti is a hamlet located 6 km away from Kambainallur. This hamlet falls under the jurisdiction of Kelavalli Panchayat, which is part of the Morappur block in the Dharamapuri District of Tamil Nadu, India.
# Gísli

Gísli (Icelandic pronunciation:) is an Icelandic and Faroese masculine given name. Gisle is the Norwegian variant of the name. Notable people with the name include:
* Gisli (contemporary musician), Icelandic solo musician, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
* Gísli S. Einarsson (born 1945), Icelandic politician
* Gísli Guðjónsson (born 1947), Icelandic scientist
* Gísli Halldórsson (1927–1998), Icelandic actor of theatre, radio, film and television
* Gísli Pálsson (born 1949), Icelandic anthropologist and author
* Gisli Sursson, the protagonist of Gísla saga
# Ytri-Rangá

Ytri-Rangá (Icelandic pronunciation:) is a river in Iceland popular for salmon fishing. It is over 55 kilometres (34 mi) long, rising north of Hekla, passing to the west of Hella before, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) further south, joining with the river Þverá to become the Hólsá. The designation Ytri, "outer", distinguished it from the Eystri or East Rangá, an affluent of the Þverá.
# Vatnsfell Power Station

Vatnsfell (Icelandic pronunciation:) is an Icelandic hydroelectric power station situated in the Highlands of Iceland, at the south end of lake Þórisvatn, just before the Sprengisandur highland road.
The power station went online in 2001. It is run by Landsvirkjun and generates electricity during the peak demand winter months. The installed capacity is 90 MW, and the head is 67 metres (220 ft). Lead engineering services were provided by Mannvit Engineering.
# Akureyrarkirkja

Akureyrarkirkja (Icelandic pronunciation:, regionally also) or The Church of Akureyri is a prominent Lutheran church at Akureyri in northern Iceland. Located in the centre of the city, it was designed by Guðjón Samúelsson (1887–1950) and completed in 1940.
Akureyrarkirkja contains a notably large 3200-pipe organ. The bas-reliefs on the nave balcony are by sculptor Ásmundur Sveinsson (1893–1982). The altarpiece dates to 1863 and was designed by Danish artist Edvard Lehmann (1815–1892). The windows were designed and made by J. Wippel & Co. of Exeter, Devon in Britain. The Italian white marble baptismal font is made by Florentine sculptor Corrado Vigni (1888–1956). The angel baptismal font is a replica of a work by noted Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844). The original work is situated at Copenhagen Cathedral (Vor Frue Kirke).
In 2017, the church was vandalized, and incurred 20 million ISK in damage.
# Valbjarnarvöllur

Valbjarnarvöllur (Icelandic pronunciation:, lit. 'Valbjörn Field' or more precisely 'Valbjörn Stadium', named after the track and field athlete Valbjörn Þorláksson), also known as Eimskipsvöllurinn (, lit. 'Eimskip Field' or 'Eimskip Stadium') for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Reykjavík, Iceland. It is the home stadium of Þróttur Reykjavík who play in the Úrvalsdeild. The stadium has a capacity of 5,478 fans.
In December 2016, Þróttur Reykjavík announced a three-year sponsorship deal with local shipping company Eimskip until 2019, which would see the stadium name changed to Eimskipsvöllurinn for the duration of the deal.

## Footnotes

* ↑ völlurinn is the definite form of völlur, meaning "the field".
# Soft detention

Soft detention (simplified Chinese: 软禁; traditional Chinese: 軟禁; pinyin: ruǎnjìn) is a form of house arrest used in the People's Republic of China to control political dissidents. It has its roots in the practices of the Chinese Empire which employed it as early as the Northern Song dynasty when those such as Su Shi who criticized the emperor were subjected to it. Traditionally, and in modern practice, there are three levels of restriction; the loosest, "juzhu", restricts the detainee to their home district. This restriction was employed on the history teacher Yuan Tengfei who included information about banned aspects of modern Chinese history in his lectures. The second level, "anzhi", employed anciently on Su Shi, restricts the prisoner to their home, but they may be allowed to go for a walk or go to work. The severest form, "bianguan", which was imposed on the human rights activist Chen Guangcheng involves limited movement of the prisoner to their home, constant surveillance, restriction of contact with others, and, sometimes, harassment.
# Alan Kostelecky

V. Alan Kostelecký is a theoretical physicist who is a distinguished professor of physics at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is noted for his work on Lorentz symmetry breaking in particle physics. He has been described as the world's leading authority on violations of space-time symmetry.
Kostelecký was a student at the International School of Geneva, Switzerland (1965-1973). Subsequently, he began as an undergraduate in biology, switched his degree to chemistry, and eventually switched for the last time to physics and obtained his undergraduate degree in science from Bristol University in 1977, and his Ph.D. in physics from Yale University in 1982. He has been a faculty member at the Indiana University in Bloomington since joining there in 1985.
In 1989, Kostelecký and his colleagues demonstrated the existence of an anisotropy in string theory models, and proposed a new version of the Standard Model of particle physics, called the Standard-Model Extension that catalogs the various ways in which space-time symmetry can be violated. The Standard-Model Extension has various "coefficients", which are parameters that can be adjusted to the requirements of the model. The theory has now become the benchmark for classic tests of relativity theory. Kostelecký's work hypothesizes possible asymmetries in the space-time at length scales of 10$^{−35}$ m, that is, the Planck length scale. He has enlisted the help of several physicists from diverse areas such as astrophysics and particle physics to experimentally detect the presence of these asymmetries. Kostelecký, along with Stuart Samuel was the first to use the Bumblebee model in gravity as a simple model for investigating the consequences of spontaneous Lorentz violation.
Kostelecký has hosted a series of Meetings on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry at Indiana University.
Kostelecký was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2006, a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2004, and a Fellow of the English Institute of Physics in 2000. He chaired the APS committees for the Heineman Prize and the Pipkin Award in 2005. He received the Indiana University award for excellence in teaching in 1988 and 1992, the Frederic Bachman Lieber Teaching Award in 1997, and a Gravity Research Foundation Award twice, in 1993 and 2005. He received the 2025 Norman F. Ramsey Prize for applications of the Standard Model Extension to physical precision measurement tests.
# Grjúpán

Grjúpán (Icelandic pronunciation:) is an Icelandic dish that was eaten in earlier centuries in Iceland. It consisted of the lungs of a sheep which was smoked with added salt and water.
The word "Grjúpán" has also long been used as a synonym of another kind of mutton sausage, bjúga, in Iceland.
# Reykjanes power station

The Reykjanes power station (known as Reykjanesvirkjun) is a geothermal power station located in Reykjanes at the south-western tip of Iceland.
As of 2012, the power plant generated 100MWe from two high pressure 50MWe turbines, using steam and brine from a reservoir at 290 to 320 °C (554 to 608 °F), which is extracted from 12 wells that are 2,700 m (8,900 ft) deep. This was the first time that geothermal steam of such high temperature had been used for electrical generation.
In May 2023 a low pressure 30 MWe turbine started operation, bringing the power output of the plant to 130 MWe. The turbine uses medium and a low pressure steam at about 155 °C (311 °F) and 105 °C (221 °F) coming from the separation station that separates steam from geothermal fluid. The residual heat from the cooling water is used to heat sea water for fish farming.
The power plant was open to the public and housed the Power Plant Earth interpretative exhibition. However, the exhibit was closed in June 2018.
From December 2023 staff based at the Reykjanes power station controlled remotely the geothermal Svartsengi power station which was threatened by volcanic activity.
# Bjargtangar Lighthouse

The Bjargtangar Lighthouse (Icelandic: Bjargtangaviti, regionally also) is a lighthouse located on the cliffs of Látrabjarg in northwestern Iceland. It marks the westernmost point of Iceland and is the westernmost building of Europe.

## History and description

The Bjargtangar Light Station was established in 1913. The present tower was built in 1948. It is two stories high, built of concrete, and painted entirely white. The lantern house is on the second floor and faces the sea. Because the lighthouse is on a high cliff, the light's focal plane is 60 m (200 ft) above the sea. The site (but not the tower) is open to visitors, although access is difficult.
# Óshyrna

Óshyrna (Icelandic pronunciation: ) is a mountain in the Westfjords in Iceland. It is the outermost part of the mountain slope between Ísafjörður and Bolungarvík. The old road to Bolungarvík lies between Óshyrna and the ocean. The Óshlíð road is one of Iceland's most dangerous roads because of frequent avalanches and rock falls. The road has four emergency shelters along its route.

## Sources

* Oshlid
# Álsey

Álsey (Icelandic pronunciation:) or Álfsey is a small, uninhabited island in the Vestmann Islands, south of Iceland.
# Vestfjarðagöng

Vestfjarðagöng (Icelandic pronunciation: , regionally also, lit. 'Westfjords Tunnel') is the longest tunnel in Iceland, located in Westfjords in northwestern Iceland. It has a length of 9.1 km (6 mi) and was opened in September 1996.
The tunnel has three entrances and the three arms meet at junction in the tunnel. The three arms are known as:
* Breiðadalur, 4,150 m (13,615 ft), which gives access to Flateyri and the south-western part of the Westfjords;
* Botnsdalur 2,907 m (9,537 ft), which gives access to the village of Suðureyri to the west, a dead end route;
* Tungudalur 2,103 m (6,900 ft), which gives access to Ísafjörður and the northern part of the Westfjords.
Only the Tungudalur arm has two lanes throughout. Much of the rest of the tunnel has only one lane with passing places, with traffic light control at curved sections to avoid collisions.
The tunnel avoids the Breiðadalsheiði road pass, the summit of which at 610m was formerly the highest pass in regular use in the Westfjords. It was frequently blocked by snow and prone to avalanches.
# Menningarnótt

Menningarnótt (Icelandic pronunciation:) or "cultural night" is a yearly event held in Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland, since 1996. It is usually on the first Saturday after the 18th of August. It was created by the Reykjavík city council, and has now become one of the largest festivals in Iceland, rivalling the celebration of Iceland's national day on June 17.
It is estimated that as many as 100,000 people attend the annual concerts and festivities conducted in central Reykjavík, a staggeringly high percentage of Iceland's total population of 315,000 and Reykjavík's population of nearly 118,000 (203,000 in the Capital Region).
The festival often consists of a main stage in the city centre and many smaller events mostly in the city's centre but also spread over the city. The highlight of the festival is often an outside concert on the main stage by 3–4 of the most popular musicians in Iceland followed by a rather glamorous fireworks show.
# Sichuan F.C.

Sichuan Football Club (Simplified Chinese: 四川足球俱乐部) was a professional Chinese football club under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

## History

After Chinese Super League's team Sichuan First City disbanded, the sports department of Sichuan province decided to establish a new club. The new club, Sichuan F.C., was founded in February, 2006. After two seasons playing in China League Two, they finished up as runners-up and gained promotion to China League One. However, they relegated back after finishing at the bottom of the table in 2009 China League One.
They played their last season in 2012 China League Two, and has remained inactive since then.

## Name history

* 2006– Sichuan F.C. 四川

## Managerial history

* Zhai Biao (2006–2008)
* Sun Bowei (caretaker) (2008)
* Xu Jianye (2009–2010)
* Zhao Lei (2010)
* Sun Bowei (2011–2013)

## Results

All-time League Rankings
As of the end of 2019 season.
| Year | Div | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Pos. | FA Cup | Super Cup | AFC | Stadium |
| 2006 | 3 | 16 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 20 | 19 | 1 | 26 | 5 | DNE | NH | DNQ | Sichuan University Stadium |
| 2007 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 22 | 7 | 15 | 27 | 2 | NH | NH | DNQ | Sichuan University Stadium |
| 2008 | 2 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 27 | 36 | −9 | 29 | 5 | NH | NH | DNQ | Nanchong Sports Center |
| 2009 | 2 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 26 | 60 | −34 | 16 | 13 | NH | NH | DNQ | Sichuan University Stadium |
| 2010 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 12 | 17 | −5 | 17 | 4 | NH | NH | DNQ | Dujiangyan Phoenix Stadium |
| 2011 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 4 | 14 | 12 | 44 | −32 | 10 | 11 | DNE | NH | DNQ | Sichuan University Stadium |
| 2012 | 3 | 24 | 5 | 4 | 15 | 19 | 43 | −24 | 19 | 10 | DNE | DNQ | DNQ | Dujiangyan Phoenix Stadium |
* ^1 in group stage
Key
# Route 47 (Iceland)

Hvalfjarðarvegur (Icelandic pronunciation:, lit. 'Hvalfjörður Road') or Route 47 is a road in Iceland rounding the Hvalfjörður fjord. It was formerly part of Iceland's Route 1 (Ring Road) until it was bypassed by the Hvalfjörður Tunnel opened in 1998. The road is 61 km long.
When this stretch of road was part of Route 1, it was very treacherous due to heavy traffic and difficult situations. It was not completely paved until 1990. About two years before Hvalfjörður Tunnel opened, new bridges were constructed along the route to replace dangerous single-lane bridges over the Botnsá and Brunná rivers.
There were originally three general stores along the route. A shop at the bridge over Botnsá river was closed by the time a proper road was built. There was also a hut at Miðsand, and a third was near the Ferstikla farm, near the intersection with Dragavegur (Route 520). Business declined with decline in traffic.
Today traffic is generally low, however there is significant recreational traffic on nice summer days. There has been considerable development in tourism in Hvalfjarðarsveit in recent years, and a growing number of residents in Kjósin. The road is also used as an alternative for the Hvalfjörður Tunnel, and traffic increases significantly while the tunnel is closed.
The route number 47 was previously used for a short road section in Reykjanes that formed the approach to Keflavík Airport from the intersection of Reykjanesbraut (Route 41) and Garðskagavegur (Route 45). This was when Route 41 designation was used for the road to Sandgerði. The road to Sandgerði was subsequently renumbered as Route 429 and the airport approach road ceased using Route 47 and assumed the Route 41 designation.
64°23′34″N 21°47′57″W﻿ / ﻿64.39278°N 21.79917°W﻿ / 64.39278; -21.79917
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# Drangsnes

Drangsnes (Icelandic pronunciation:, regionally also) is a small town in the western part of Iceland, at the mouth of Steingrímsfjörður and near Hólmavík.
It is part of the Kaldrananeshreppur municipality and only has 67 inhabitants (2011 census). It got its name from a tall rock named Kerling of what is said that it is one of three troll women who tried to separate the Westfjords from the rest of Iceland.
# Jan Dumée

Jan Dumée (born April 6, 1965) is a Dutch rock/jazz guitar player, composer and record producer.

## Biography

Jan Dumée is known for his rich and surprising compositional work and guitar playing that draws on a palette of many expressions, sounds and great musical taste. As a unique composer with a significant own signature his work is widely praised.
The music of Dumée is described in the reviews as ‘very creative’, ‘non-conformist in approach’, ‘ear-tickling’ and ‘knowing no bounds’. In an extraordinary way he showed this with his O Septeto Plus, with musicians from Brazil, Senegal. Argentina, Holland and Croatia. With this ensemble he recorded the album ‘Rodinha‘. ‘Rodinha’ was recognized in 1998 as one of the best Dutch music productions in the category worldmusic by Radio Holland (worldbroadcasting), Conamus, several reviews in the press Since 1991 he regular visited Brazil to do what is called ‘work in the field’, which helped him become a versatile composer in different Brazilian music styles.
From 2001–2006 Dumée performed as guitarplayer/composer in Dutch’ foremost progjazzrock-group of all times: Focus, playing with Dutch icons Thijs van Leer and Pierre van der Linden. He recorded with Focus the albums: ‘Focus 8‘, ‘Live in South America‘ and the DVD/CD ‘Live in America‘. During his time with Focus, Dumée recorded in Rio de Janeiro in 2003 his solo-album ‘Rio on the Rocks‘ (released in 2005 by the Rock Symphony label): a blend of (prog)rock-, jazz-, Brazilian- and classical- music with musicians from Rio de Janeiro.
Since 2007 Dumée is leading together with ex-Uriah Heep/Lucifer's Friend singer John Lawton the multinational rock band called On The Rocks, officially known as OTR. Together (again) with musicians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They recorded their first CD ‘Mamonama‘ released in the United States, Europe and Japan by the rocklabel Lion Music.
Since 2000 on Dumée has been involved in ‘The Cubrabop Quintet‘ ( with the band's own compositions), with musicians from Holland, France and Germany (Cd 'Cubrabop' released April 2011).
Since 2012 his musical creations in ’Impressionistic Brazilian Jazz’ can be listened with the heartwarming and virtuoso quintet Dumee & Dijkgraaf Quinteto, with some of the finest musicians from Brazil, having had released its first CD ‘Heloisando‘.
His most recent work was with the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra of Barra Mansa (Rio de Janeiro) as an arranger/composer and performing soloist in Brasil 2014 together with Wim Dijkgraaf.

## Discography
### Solo albums

* Rio On The Rocks (2005)

### With Dumee & Dijkgraaf Quinteto (2012)

* Heloisando

### With Cubrabop Quintet (2012)

* Cubrabop

### With On The Rocks

* Mamonama (2008)

### With Focus

* Focus 8 (2002)
* Live in the USA (CD/DVD, 2003)
* Live in South America (2004)

### With O Septeto Plus

* A Rodinha (1998)