OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kiso Valley

The Kiso Valley (木曾谷, Kiso-dani) is a geographical area that centers on the valley of the upper portions of the Kiso River in the southwestern part of Nagano Prefecture in Japan. It is a v-shaped valley with length of approximately 60 km (36 mi) that follows the river as it flows from north by northwest to south by southwest into Gifu Prefecture.

## Access

Through much of Japan's history, the Kiso Valley was used to connect the former Mino and Shinano provinces. However, it came to be known as a difficult route because of its steep climbs. The Shoku Nihongi recorded that the Kiso no Yamamichi (岐蘇山道) was opened in 702. The same route was again mentioned in a 713 article, but it was then called the Kisoji no Michi (吉蘇路). The Kisoji (木曽路) would eventually follow the same path. However the official Tōsandō did not run through the Kiso Valley; instead, it ran from Mino Province towards the Kamisaka Pass and into the Ina Valley. During Japan's Middle Ages, the Nakasendō, an old trade route, ran through the valley, which led to the creation of eleven post stations along the route. Since the Meiji period, the Chūō Main Line (for trains) and Route 19 (for vehicles) have been cutting through the valley.

## Forestry

Most of the land consists of steep mountains, so there is little cultivated land. The land that is cultivated can be seen on the narrow flatland along the Kiso River. The area has abundant rainfall with annual precipitation of 3000mm. Forest Industry used to be common throughout the region but since the 1980s has declined.
During the Tokugawa shogunate period, forestry development rapidly expanded. In addition, the Kiso River excavation business was promoted, making it possible to transport large amounts of timber. In the early modern times, the use of forest materials became significant and the depletion of forest resources became a concern, so the Owari-Tokugawa clan started to use forest conservation and deforestation control policies, resulting in the formation of vast cypress forests. After the Meiji era, the forest became a state-owned forest, and in 1889, it became a royal estate as a royal forest. It was designated as a national forest in 1947, after World War II and went under the jurisdiction of the Forestry Agency. After that, there was a large amount of destruction of trees by the Isewan Typhoon in 1959. At the time the forest industry used to be large, but price competition with imported foreign timber in the latter half of the 1980s, and the amount of timber harvested decreased.

## Communities

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The following communities are part of the Kiso Valley:

### Nagano Prefecture

* Kiso District (including Tsumago-juku, a former post town, 35°34′31″N 137°35′42″E﻿ / ﻿35.5753°N 137.5951°E﻿ / 35.5753; 137.5951﻿ (Tsumago))
* Shiojiri (36°7′N 137°57′E﻿ / ﻿36.117°N 137.950°E﻿ / 36.117; 137.950﻿ (Shiojiri))

### Gifu Prefecture

* Nakatsugawa (35°29′N 137°30′E﻿ / ﻿35.483°N 137.500°E﻿ / 35.483; 137.500﻿ (Nakatsugawa)), including Magome-juku, another former post town
# Stuart Spencer (political consultant)

Stuart Krieg Spencer (né Murphy; February 20, 1927 – January 12, 2025) was an American political consultant. As co-founder of Spencer-Roberts, he and his firm have managed over 400 Republican political campaigns.

## Life and career

Stuart Murphy was born in Phoenix, Arizona, on February 20, 1927. His father abandoned the family, and Stuart's surname was changed to Spencer after his mother re-married, to California dentist A. Kenneth Spencer. Spencer grew up in Alhambra, California, where he took after his adoptive father's involvement in Republican politics. He served in the United States Navy from 1945 to 1946, and then graduated from the East Los Angeles Junior College with an Associate of Arts, and from California State University, Los Angeles, with a Bachelor of Arts in sociology in 1951.

## Career

Spencer-Roberts & Associates, Inc., was established in California in 1960 with Bill Roberts. They were among the first professional campaign managers. In 1962, he managed Tom Kuchel's campaign for United States Senate in California. After that, he managed Nelson Rockefeller's presidential campaign of 1964, and Don Riegle's run for Congress, Michigan, in 1966.
He ran Ronald Reagan's gubernatorial campaign in California in 1966. That year, Reagan told Spencer that "Politics is just like show business. You have a hell of an opening, coast for a while, and then have a hell of a close." He also ran Reagan's gubernatorial campaign in 1970, and his presidential campaigns in 1980 and 1984.
Stuart Spencer became the sole owner of Spencer-Roberts in 1974. In 1976 he served as Deputy Chairman for Political Organization in Gerald Ford's presidential re-election campaign. When he served as Reagan's campaign manager in 1980, he suggested that he choose George H. W. Bush as his running mate, but later recounted that Reagan was not keen on the idea, apparently because Reagan did not like Bush.
In 1985, his firm allegedly received over $350,000 to run the Panamanian presidential campaign of Eric Delvalle, and in 1988 he was assigned to improve Dan Quayle's image.
Spencer's daughter, Karen, joined Spencer-Roberts in 1989 and expanded the firm's roles into public policy, avocation, and political strategic planning. She registered as a California state lobbyist and as a federal lobbyist in Washington, DC.
Spencer voted Democratic for president only twice in his life: in the 1948 election, he supported Harry S. Truman, as he felt he "owed him one" due to Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which prevented him from having to fight in Japan during his Navy service. His second Democratic vote was for Joe Biden in the 2020 election, as he refused to support Donald Trump, whom he labeled a "demagogue and an opportunist"; in 2016, he had voted for Gary Johnson of the Libertarian Party.

## Personal life and death

Spencer was first married to Joan Dikeman, with whom he had two children before divorcing; he later married Barbara Callihan in 1992.
Spencer died at his home in Palm Desert, California, on January 12, 2025, at the age of 97.
# Richie Baker (Irish footballer)

Richie Baker (born 17 April 1980) is an Irish former footballer. Besides the Republic of Ireland, he has played in the United States.

## Career

Richie, who served his footballing apprenticeship with Stella Maris, is the brother of Dessie Baker, alongside whom he made numerous appearances for Shelbourne in the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade). Richie made his League of Ireland and Shelbourne debut at the age of 18 against Shamrock Rovers in August 1998. During this period, Baker was an important part of the Irish national team youth teams, playing for the U-18's, U-20's, and U-21's.
He represented his country at the UEFA U-19 Championship in Sweden in 1999 where he won a bronze medal.
Baker is the only player to have won 2 PFAI Young Player of the Year awards.
The highlight of Baker's career was arguably his 83rd minute free-kick which earned Shelbourne a 1–0 victory away to Sloga Jugomagnat of the Republic of Macedonia in a Champions League qualifying match on 12 July 2000. This represented the first away victory achieved by an Irish side in European competition for almost two decades. Shels won the tie 2–1 but were eliminated by Norwegian champions Rosenborg in the second qualifying round.
Richie won both the League of Ireland championship and the FAI Cup with Shels in 1999/2000 and three further league titles with them in 2001/02, 2003, and 2006. He spent the 2004 season with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer before returning to Shels for the beginning of the 2005 season. He was sent off in the last game of the 2006 season versus Bohemians but Shels still went on to win the game and clinch the title.
Following Shelbourne's financial meltdown at the end of 2006, Baker signed for Drogheda United for the 2007 season. Baker picked up his fifth league title when United were crowned League of Ireland Premier Division champions at the end of the 2007 season. Baker spent two seasons at Drogheda United before financial problems at the County Louth club curtailed his spell. Despite training with Bohemians and Glentoran during 2009 pre-season Baker failed to find a new club to continue professional football. On 9 February 2009 Baker made a return to Shelbourne, now playing in the First Division, for a third spell where he was re-united with his former Shels boss Dermot Keely. He struggled for fitness on his return to Shelbourne but still made 25 league and cup appearances for Shelbourne in 2009, scoring 5 goals.
Baker was not offered a new contract by Shelbourne at the end of the 2009 season and on 4 March 2010 he signed for Bray Wanderers.
Interesting Fact: Richie's favourite number is 11. The reason for this is a mystery.

## Honours
### Club
#### Shelbourne

* League of Ireland (4): 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2003, 2006
* FAI Cup (1): 2000

#### Drogheda United

* League of Ireland (1): 2007
Rosemount Mulvey F.C.
LSL Premier Saturday (1) 2018
Lynch Cup (1) 2018

### Individual

* PFAI Young Player of the Year (2): 1998–99, 1999–2000
# Armando Contreras Ceballos

Armando Contreras Ceballos (born 29 March 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). He was municipal president of Puruandiro from 2008 to 2011.
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Michoacán's second district during the 62nd Congress.
# Arnold Coates

Arnold Coates (24 July 1936 – 25 February 2013) was an English leading amateur footballer active in the 1960s who played as a striker.

## Career
### Club career

Coates played amateur football with Evenwood Town and Crook Town, scoring two goals in the final as they won the FA Amateur Cup in April 1962. He was also in Crook's 1959 FA Amateur Cup winning team in his first spell at the club. He turned professional with Queen of the South in 1963, scoring 25 goals in 48 appearances in the Scottish Football League over the next two seasons. Coates later returned to non-League football with Scarborough, before joining village team Howden-le-Wear.

### International career

Coates was called up to the Great Britain squad for the 1960 Summer Olympics, but did not make an appearance in the tournament. He also represented the England amateur team three times, in 1960 v West Germany and Scotland whilst an Evenwood player and in 1962 v France following his return to Crook. His only goal came against Scotland.

## Later life

Coates moved to Nelson, Lancashire and worked in insurance.
# Ruslan Surodin

Ruslan Andreyevich Surodin (Russian: Руслан Андреевич Суродин; born 26 October 1982) is a Russian former professional footballer.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 2001 for FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk. He played 1 game in the UEFA Cup 2001–02 for FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk.
On 11 April 2009, during a game of Surodin's FC Nosta Novotroitsk against FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk, a Chernomorets fan broke onto the field and ran towards the Nosta's goalkeeper. Surodin punched the fan.
# Kate Johnson (writer)

Kate Johnson, also known as Cat Marsters, is a British author who writes in the Paranormal and Speculative Romantic Novel genres. She is the author of the award-winning novel Max Seventeen.

## Biography

Kate Johnson was born in Leeds in 1982. Her family moved to Essex when she was two. Johnson lives in Essex and attended Joyce Frankland Academy.
She became a published author at the age of 23 with the sale of her first novella, She Who Dares, under her pen name Cat Marsters, and the following year sold her first book under her own name, I, Spy?.
She is the author of the Romantic Novel of the Year award-winning novel Max Seventeen. The novel was self-published, which made it the first time an indie publication won an award from the Romantic Novelists' Association. Under the name Cat Marsters she wrote erotic romance, which won the Wisconsin Romance Writers' Silver Quill and Passionate Ink's Passionate Plume award.

## Awards

* 2021 – Shortlisted Jackie Collins Romantic Thriller Romantic Novel of the Year Award for Death Comes To Cornwall
* 2018 – Shortlisted Paranormal or Speculative Romantic Novel of the Year Award for Max Seventeen: Firebrand
* 2017 – Winner Paranormal or Speculative Romantic Novel of the Year Award for Max Seventeen
* 2012 – Shortlisted Contemporary Romantic Novel of the Year Award for The United Kingdom
* 2010 – Epic Award for Mad, Bad and Dangerous (as Cat Marsters)
* 2005 – Silver Quill Award for Almost Human (as Cat Marsters)
* 2005 – Passionate Plume Award for Almost Human (as Cat Marsters)
# 3-Methoxyamphetamine

3-Methoxyamphetamine (3-MA), also known as meta-methoxyamphetamine (MMA), is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine family. It is a positional isomer of para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA; 4-methoxyamphetamine).
3-MA has similar effects in animal drug discrimination tests to PMA. However, it has a different balance of monoamine release, being a combined serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) rather than a fairly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) like PMA. 3-MA's EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release are 58.0 nM for norepinephrine and 103 nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes, whereas the value for serotonin was not reported. The drug has shown relatively low affinity for serotonin receptors in the rat stomach fundus strip, intermediate between amphetamine and amphetamine psychedelics like DOM and DOB. 3-MA is also a weak agonist of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), with micromolar potency.
3-MA produced hyperlocomotion, a psychostimulant-like effect, in rodents similarly to amphetamine and PMA. It also produced hyperthermia and myoclonus, serotonin-associated effects, in rodents similarly to PMA. According to Alexander Shulgin, 3-MA showed no central or psychedelic effects in humans at a total dose of 50 mg (25 mg orally twice separated by 3 hours). However, sympathomimetic effects have occurred with the drug at an oral dose of 25 mg in humans. It produces gepefrine (3-hydroxyamphetamine), a sympathomimetic agent, as one of its major metabolites.
3-MA has appeared on the illicit market as a designer drug alternative to MDMA similarly PMA, although far more rarely than its infamous positional isomer.
The 2-aminoindane analogue of 3-MA is 5-methoxy-2-aminoindane (MEAI; 5-MeO-AI).
# Thomas E. Dobbs

Thomas E. Dobbs III is an American physician currently serving as dean of the John D. Bower School of Population Health at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
Dobbs previously served as State Health Officer of Mississippi, where he became widely known as the namesake of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court held, in June 2022, that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion. Dobbs himself had no involvement in the case.

## Career

Dobbs graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Applied physics from Emory University. He earned his medical degree in 1996, followed by a Master of Public Health in 2000, and completed residencies in Internal Medicine in 1999 and Infectious Diseases in 2005, all at the University of Alabama. He thereafter worked in various positions in the Mississippi State Department of Health, including as Regional Health Officer from 2008 to 2012, as State Epidemiologist from 2012 to 2016, and briefly as Deputy State Health Officer in 2018 before succeeding State Health Officer Mary Currier, who retired after 9 years of service. Dobbs resigned in July 2022 to return to academia.
# Mark Washington (cornerback)

Mark Henry Washington (born December 28, 1947) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and New England Patriots. He played college football at Morgan State University.

## Early years

Washington attended Chicago's John Marshall Harlan Career Academy, before receiving a football scholarship to play for Morgan State University. He was coached by Earl Banks, who at the time sent many of his players to professional football.
He became a four year starter at cornerback and was part of a team that had 31 straight wins. As a senior, he was named co-captain, posted 6 interceptions and received All-CIAA honors. He finished his career with 15 interceptions.
In 1993, he was inducted into the Morgan State University Athletic Hall of Fame.

## Professional career
### Dallas Cowboys

Washington was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the 13th round (335th overall) of the 1970 NFL draft. Even as a rookie, he was one of the best athletes on the team and showed his big play potential with a 100-yard kickoff return for a touchdown against the Washington Redskins. He also blocked an extra point in Super Bowl V. His 48.4 yards per kick return that season remains a franchise record (though unofficial, as he only returned five kicks on the season).
Coming into his second year, he injured his knee while returning a kickoff in preseason and was waived injured on August 25, 1971. He would eventually rejoin the team and play in two games.
When Herb Adderley retired in 1973, he had a chance to earn the left cornerback starting job, but he was passed over by Charlie Waters.
In 1974, he was named the starting left cornerback at mid-season after Waters struggled and held the job until being slowed down by an ankle injury in the last 2 contests, starting a total of 6 games.
In 1975, he was the starter at left cornerback for the full season (14 starts), registered 4 interceptions (tied for second on the team) and helped the Cowboys reach Super Bowl X. But he is mostly remembered for his play against Lynn Swann, who finished the game with four receptions for a then Super Bowl record 161 yards, one touchdown and became the first wide receiver to earn Super Bowl MVP honors. Washington had excellent coverage on Swann on all 4 receptions, but Swann was able to make plays each time.
In 1976, he was replaced with Benny Barnes, but got a chance to start 5 games at right cornerback after Mel Renfro was injured, posting 4 interceptions (led the team).
In 1977, he started 4 games at mid-season after Aaron Kyle suffered a fractured left wrist. He also filled in at left corner in Super Bowl XII when Barnes exited with a foot injury early in the game and registered an interception late in the second quarter. In 1978, he started 3 games at left cornerback in place of Barnes who had foot problems, but was later sidelined himself by a right knee injury. He was waived on August 21, 1979.

### New England Patriots

Washington signed with the New England Patriots as a free agent on September 13, 1979. He was released on November 1, to make room for tight end Al Chandler.
# Doddington, Kent

Doddington is a village and civil parish in the district of Swale in Kent, England. The Syndale Valley shelters the central part in the Kent Downs Area of outstanding natural beauty. Today the village is notable for Doddington Place Gardens, for its remarkably well kept buildings and its house prices show higher prices than the home counties average.

## History

Within the parish at Sharsted Court, earthworks excavated were believed remains of an Iron Age Belgic Fort (100 BC – 43 AD). However the current village settlement dates from the 11th century.
Of particular note is Doddington Church with the unusual dedication of "The (decollation) Beheading of St. John the Baptist". The dedication dates from at least 1467 when it is referenced in a will.
Other notable buildings within the parish are: Doddington Place built in 1870 for the Croft family (of 'Croft original sherry' fame) who owned it until 1906 when the Jeffreys and Oldfied families jointly purchased it. It is still owned by the Oldfield family and the Doddington Place Gardens are open to the public and have achieved listed status; in its grounds are the Place, a much-altered house, Park House and Park Cottage, also listed with fascinating history, as Grade II.

## Attractions and amenities

Within the parish just 500 metres (1,600 ft) to the north east is Sharsted Court, a Medieval Wealden hall house distinctive of this area, the Weald, however a building on the site dates from at least 1080; today a large romantic rambling manor house due to the many additions and alterations over the centuries. It is owned by former Wimbledon champion Virginia Wade.
The village has an award-winning butchers shop, Doughty's, owned by the Doughty family since 1919 (and a butchers shop since 1789), with its own slaughter house.
The village has a strong community spirit with numerous clubs and groups, which include as of 2013: An allotments association, amateur dramatics (The Valley Players), singing (Cantiana), parent/toddler group (Buddies), health and fitness (Medau) and tied in with the neighbouring village of Newnham, folk dancing, Women's Institute and brownies groups.
# Almushi

Mustafa Al-Mashadani (born June 8, 1992), better known as Almushi, is an Iraqi-Swedish actor, comedian and writer.

## Early life

Born and raised in Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Mashadani moved to Malmö, Sweden at the age of five with both of his parents. He has trained boxing since an early age and was trained by Swedish legendary boxing coach Dallas. Always been a fan of comedy, growing up his influences included Eddie Murphy, Jamie Foxx, and Jim Carrey. Almushi currently resides in Malmö, Sweden.

## Career

Almushi began writing and producing comedy skits in 2014. He quickly roses to national fame in Sweden once he began uploading his skits on Facebook. His signature style consists of various imitations as well as exaggerating stereotypes. In an interview with Skånska Dagbladet he revealed that he uses personal experiences from the multicultural Malmö when he makes his sketches.
On August 3, 2014, he became the brand ambassador for Swedish dairy company Skånemejerier
In March 2015, Almushi produced several comedy sketch shows on Swedish Radio Humorhimlen. It was announced in October 2015 that Almushi is in development of Swedish satirical television series. Almushi plans to star in the series, playing various roles. He has also expressed interest in acting in films. He has also began experimenting with stand-up.
As of December 2015, he has over 100,000 followers on social media and is one of Sweden's fastest growing comedians.
# Pioneer Women's Memorial Waterfall

The Pioneer Women's Memorial Waterfall is a commemorative waterfall in the town of Merredin, Western Australia. It honours the contribution of women settlers to the development of the district.
The waterfall was built by the Merredin Museum and Historical Society and unveiled in November 1993 by Transport Minister Eric Charlton. At the opening, Charlton commented that the first white women to arrive in the area initially lacked experience in the harsh living conditions, but their "deep resourcefulness and strong character" enabled them to manage difficult times well.
# Bletia catenulata

Bletia catenulata is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It is native to Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Paraguay.