OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guri, Iran

Guri (Persian: گوری) is a village in, and the capital of Guri Rural District of Khamak District, Zehak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 812 in 187 households, when it was in Khamak Rural District of Jazink District. The following census in 2011 counted 843 people in 225 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 766 people in 235 households.
After the census, the rural district was separated from the district in the establishment of Khamak District, and Guri was transferred to Guri Rural District created in the new district.
# National Civil Government

The National Civil Government was the short-lived supreme authority of the Polish rebel state during the January Uprising. It existed from 12 March to 21 March 1863, temporarily replacing the Provisional National Government. It functioned alongside the Dictator Executive Commission in Warsaw, both de jure under the rule of dictator Marian Langiewicz.

## History

In 1863, started the January Uprising, the conflict fought in the Congress Poland, between Russian Empire, and the rebel forces fighting to reestablish the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. On 22 January 1863, the rebels had formed the Provisional National Government, which on 30 January, had nominated Ludwik Mierosławski to become the dictator of the rebellion, while he at the time resided in Paris. He arrived in Poland on 17 February, however, due to his military defeat in the battles of Krzywosądz and Nowa Wieś, he retreated from the country, retiring to Paris. In such development, the Provisional National Government ordered him to return to the fight by 8 March, which did not happen.
On 12 March, the Whites faction, used the situation to their advantage, by convincing Marian Langiewicz, to become the new dictator. They have done that, by having their people pretend to him, to be the representatives of the Polish National Government. As such, Langiewicz had established the new governing body, the National Civil Government. Following that, the members of the Provisional National Government, had recognized the new government of Langiewicz, with him disestablishing the prior government and all its branches. However, the members of the previous government, had made an agreement, that, with the authorization of the dictator, the area of the country under the control of the enemy forces, will be governed by the Dictator Executive Commission in Warsaw instead.
On 19 March, Langiewicz, crossed the Polish border to Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, where he got arrested. As such, on 21 March, Stefan Bobrowski, the former chairperson of the Provisional National Government, had announced in Kraków, the disestablishment of the National Civil Government, with its replacement by the reestablished previous government. It included the formation of the coalition government, consisting of the representatives of the factions of Whites and Reds.

## Members

The government consisted of the four heads of the departments. They were:
* Józef Wysocki, the head of the Department of War;
* Leon Królikowski, the head of the Department of Interior;
* Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs;
* the unknown by name head of the Department of State Treasury.
# Brenda Cox

Brenda Cox (17 April 1944 – 6 May 2015) was an Australian sprinter. At the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth she won silver over 100 yards, finished fourth over 220 yards and won gold with the Australian 4 x 110-yard team. She died in May 2015 at age 71.

## Personal bests

* 100 yards: 10.5s, 18 March 1961, Sydney, Australia
* 220 yards: 23.9s, 23 March 1963, Brisbane, Australia
# Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari

Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari (Occitan pronunciation:; fl. 1305–1324) was a medieval Occitan author from Castelnaudary.
Arnaut was a troubadour and the first poet laureate of the Consistori del Gay Saber. Arnaut's poem in praise of the Virgin Mary was adjudged the best by the Consistori at a contest held on Holy Cross Day 1324 at Toulouse and the troubadour was awarded the violeta d'or (golden violet). He received the flor de gaug d'argen fi (fine marigold in silver) as the first prize for a dansa at the festa de Santa Crotz on 3 May 1324.
He was also the author of the chivalric romance Guilhem de la Barra (1318), of which Paul Meyer produced the editio princeps (first modern critical edition). A new (French) edition has since been produced.

## Sources

* Aubrey, Elizabeth. "References to Music in Old Occitan Literature." Acta Musicologica, 61:2 (May–Aug., 1989), pp. 110–149.
* Gouiran, Gérard. Arnaut Vidal de Castelnaudary: Le Livre des aventures de Monseigneur Guilhem de la Barra. Paris: Champion, 1997.
* Harris, M. Roy. "The Occitan Translations of John XII and XIII–XVII from a Fourteenth-Century Franciscan Codex (Assisi, Chiesa Nuova MS. 9)." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, 75:4 (1985), pp. 1–149.
* Jeanroy, Alfred. La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Toulouse: Privat. 1934.
* Meyer, Paul. Guillaume de la Barre, roman d'aventures par Arnaut Vidal de Castelnaudari, publie pour la premiere fois d'apres le manuscrit unique. Paris, 1895.
# Kirkbride, Cumbria

Kirkbride is a village and civil parish in northern Cumbria, England. The civil parish population at the 2011 census was 489.

## History

Significant ancient historical remains close to Kirkbride include the Kirkbride Roman fort and Hadrian's Wall some miles to the north. Both Hadrian's Wall in this western reach and the Kirkbride fort were originally of turf and timber construction, probably due to the paucity of available stone in this part of England around the Solway Plain; the Wall was later rebuilt in stone. In 122 AD, the Romans constructed Hadrian's Wall, which incorporated the Vallum earthwork. It is thought that Kirkbride Fort predates Hadrian's Wall and was built as part of the Stanegate frontier. The Wall was designed primarily to prevent entrance by small bands of raiders or unwanted immigration from the north, not as a fighting line for a major invasion according to Stephen Johnson.
LIDAR photography has proved the existence of three Roman roads linking Kirkbride Roman fort with other Roman forts. The primary road is a continuation of the Stanegate road west from Carlisle (Roman Luguvalium) to Kirkbride. From there a road led north-east to the nearby fort of Coggabata on Hadrian's Wall at Drumburgh, on the shores of the Solway Firth. The third, longer, road led roughly south-south-east to the large Roman fort at Old Carlisle, just south of Wigton. The road did not follow the modern direct route to Wigton, but instead skirted the east side of the River Wampool past Biglands and Gamelsby, and then turned south.
More recent history includes construction of the Church of St Bride; first recorded in 1189, it is surrounded by the area designated as Kirkbride Roman Fort. The Kirkbride war memorial also stands in the grounds of the church.

## Governance

Kirkbride is part of the parliamentary constituency of Penrith and Solway.
For Local Government purposes it is in the Cumberland unitary authority area.

## Transport

Other than by car there is a public transport option from Carlisle, the Stagecoach 93 bus
# 2015–16 I-League U18 final round

The 2015–16 I-League U18 final round will be the sixth final round series at the end of the I-League U18 season. The final round will begin on 27 January 2016 and culminate on 10 February 2016 with the final. AIFF Elite Academy won the title by defeating Tata Football Academy 2–0 in the final.

## Qualification
### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | AIFF Elite Academy U18 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 1 | +14 | 10 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 2 | TATA FA U18 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 2 | +5 | 9 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 3 | DSK Shivajians U18 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 7 | |
| 4 | SAI-Guwahati U18 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 10 | −4 | 3 | |
| 5 | Lonestar Kashmir U18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 23 | −22 | 0 | |

#### Fixtures and results
### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Salgaocar U18 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 9 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 2 | Aizawl U18 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | +4 | 8 | Advance to Semi-finals |
| 3 | Pune U18 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 | |
| 4 | Royal Wahingdoh U18 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | −2 | 4 | |
| 5 | East Bengal U18 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 | −4 | 1 | |

#### Fixtures and results
## Bracket

All times are Indian Standard Time (IST) – UTC+05:30.
| Semi-Finals | Semi-Finals | Final | Final |
| AIFF Academy U18 | 3 | | |
| Aizawl U18 | 0 | | |
| Aizawl U18 | 0 | AIFF Academy U18 | 2 |
| | | Tata Football Academy U18 | 0 |
| Salgaocar U18 | 0 | Tata Football Academy U18 | 0 |
| Tata Football Academy U18 | 2 | Third place | Third place |
| | | Aizawl U18 | 1 |
| | | Salgaocar U18 | 3 |
# Sisha Jumrha

Sishujhumra is a census town in the Madarihat-Birpara CD block in the Alipurduar subdivision of the Alipurduar district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Sishujhumra is located at 26°43′00″N 89°04′39″E﻿ / ﻿26.7166°N 89.0775°E﻿ / 26.7166; 89.0775.

### Area overview

Alipurduar district is covered by two maps. It is an extensive area in the eastern end of the Dooars in West Bengal. It is undulating country, largely forested, with numerous rivers flowing down from the outer ranges of the Himalayas in Bhutan. The area is predominantly rural, with 79.38% of the population living in the rural areas. The district has 1 municipal town and 20 census towns; 20.62% of the district population lives in urban areas. The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, taken together, form more than half the population in all the six community development blocks in the district. There is a high concentration of tribal people (scheduled tribes) in the three northern blocks of the district.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Sishujhumra had a total population of 4,130. There were 2,116 (51%) males and 2,014 (49%) females. There were 537 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Sisha Jumrha was 2,631 (73.23% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Jalpaiguri, Sishujhumra covered an area of 4.2654 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated sources, tube well, bore well. It had 400 domestic electric connections, 1 road lighting point. Among the medical facilities it had 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 charitable hospital/ nursing home, 1 medicine shop. Among the educational facilities it had 1 primary school, 1 middle school, the nearest secondary school at Dim Dim, the nearest senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Birpara 8 km away. It had 2 recognised shorthand, typewriting and vocational training institutions, 3 non-formal education centres (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan), 1 special school for disabled. Two important commodities it manufactured were paddy, furniture. It had offices of 1 nationalised bank, 1 private commercial bank, 1 non-agricultural credit society.

## Healthcare

There is a primary health centre, with 6 beds, at Sishujhumra.
# Njomza

Njomza Vitia (/ˈnjɒmzə ˈviːtiə/; Albanian:; born 22 April 1994), known professionally as Njomza, is an American singer and songwriter. She is currently signed with Capitol, Motown, and SinceThe80s. Since 2013, she has released one mixtape and three EPs.

## Early life

Njomza Vitia was born to Kosovo Albanian parents in Chicago, Illinois, where she grew up. Her father, Faik Vitia, and her mother, Sheki Vitia (née Haziri) are from Pristina, Kosovo. Her parents left Kosovo in 1992. She has an older sister. As a child, Njomza was introduced to R&B music through her sister, and began listening to rock and pop rock music during middle school.

## Career

Njomza began her career in music as the front woman for an alternative band called Scarlett. The band had a strong following and played Warped Tour in 2010. Once the band dismantled in 2011, Njomza went on to pursue her career as a solo artist. She posted cover versions on YouTube of Mac Miller, Kid Cudi, and various other artists. She was discovered by Mac Miller, who signed her to his Warner Bros. Records imprint, REMember Music.
She also co-wrote Ariana Grande's songs "7 Rings" and "Thank U, Next".

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Album details |
| Sad For You | Released: April 7, 2017 Label: REMember Format: Digital download |
| Vacation | Released: November 9, 2018 Label: SinceThe80s, Motown, Capitol Format: Digital download |
| LIMBO | Released: June 25, 2021 Label: SinceThe80s, Motown, Capitol Format: Digital download |
| STAGES | Released: May 12, 2023 Label: SinceThe80s, Empire Distribution Format: Digital download |

### Mixtapes

| Title | Album details |
| Gold Lion | Released: April 22, 2013 Label: REMember Format: Digital download |
# Joyce McRoberts

Belva Joyce McRoberts (née Stevens; July 31, 1941 – January 2, 2025) was an American politician who served in the Idaho Senate from the 22nd district from 1992 to 1995. She resigned effective July 29, 1995, to take the role of Magic Valley regional director of the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. She died on January 2, 2025, at the age of 83, having lived for several years with cancer and dementia.
# Thomas Sheehan (philosopher)

Thomas Sheehan (born 25 June 1941) is an American philosopher who is professor emeritus at the department of religious studies, Stanford University as well as professor emeritus at the department of philosophy, Loyola University Chicago. He is known for his books on Heidegger and Roman Catholicism. His philosophical specialties are in philosophy of religion, twentieth-century European philosophy, and classical metaphysics. He is the author of The First Coming, a controversial account of Easter.
# Boureima Badini

Boureima Badini (born May 25, 1956) is a Burkinabé politician. He served in the government of Burkina Faso as Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2007.
Badini was born in Ouahigouya, located in Yatenga Province. He was a member of the National Privatization Commission from March 1991 to 1994, and in October 1991 he became First Vice-President of the National Commission for the Organization of Presidential and Legislative Elections. He also became the League of Consumers of Burkina Faso's Vice-President in charge of foreign relations in January 1992. From 1988 to October 5, 1996, Badini was Legal Adviser to the Burkinabé Football Federation and was the President of the Federation's Disputes Commission; subsequently he was President of the Federation from October 5, 1996 to August 1997.
After serving as a member of the Economic and Social Council from 1993 to 1996 and as Director of the National Social Security Fund from April 1993 to October 1999, Badini was appointed to the government as Minister of Justice on 12 October 1999. A year later, his responsibilities were expanded when he was appointed as Minister of Justice and the Promotion of Human Rights on 12 November 2000; subsequently his portfolio was reduced when he was appointed as simply Minister of Justice on June 10, 2002. After five more years, he was replaced as Minister of Justice in the government that was appointed on June 10, 2007.
On September 4, 2007, to assist in the peace process aimed at resolving the Ivorian Civil War, Badini was appointed as Ambassador and Representative of the President of Burkina Faso in Côte d'Ivoire. According to Filippe Sawadogo, the Minister of Communication, President Blaise Compaoré selected Badini because he wanted someone with a legal background, as well as "a great ability to listen and experience in conflict resolution", for this role.
Political offices :
| Preceded byLarba Yarga | Minister of Justice 2000–2007 | Succeeded byZakalia Koté |
| Diplomatic posts |||
| Preceded byEmile Ilboudo | Ambassador of Burkina Faso to Côte d'Ivoire 2007–? | Succeeded by |
# Siegfried Reich

Siegfried Reich (born 29 September 1959) is a German former professional footballer who played as a striker.
The prolific goalscorer ended his career one year before Wolfsburg's first top flight promotion in 1997.

## Honours

* DFB-Pokal finalist: 1994–95
* 2. Bundesliga top scorer: 1987 (26 goals), 1993 (27 goals)
# Johan Blanch

Johan Blanch (Catalan:, Occitan:; modern Catalan spelling: Joan Blanc) was an Occitan troubadour who composed a canso for a joc floral at the Consistori del Gay Saber. According to the rubric of the fourteenth-century chansonnier that preserves it, he was a Catalan whose poem "won the violet" (gazaynet la violeta), top prize. His canso is elegant and pleading.
His dates are entirely unknown, as is the year he won the violet, though Jaume Massó i Torrents [ca] hypothesised 1360.
# Threecastles Castle

Threecastles Castle is a three-storey tower house situated near Blessington, County Wicklow, Ireland. It is protected as a national monument.

## Description

Threecastles Castle is a rectangular three-storey tower house, with a stair turret projecting from the north east corner. The walls are four to five feet thick, and are faced with cut granite. The castle was built on an east facing slope overlooking a ford on the River Liffey, where stepping stones crossing the river were also marked on an early 20th century map. With the damming of the River Liffey at Poulaphouca in 1940 and subsequent flooding of the valley, the river depth rose and is now too deep to cross. Much of the area south of the castle is now a flat marsh leading to the lakeshore.

## History

The history of the castle is unclear, but it is believed that due to the castle's name there were more than one castle in the townland. Of the other two castles, the site of one is known from a 19th-century Ordnance Survey, the third castle's site is unknown. It was probably built by Lord Deputy Gerald Fitzgerald, 8th earl of Kildare, in the 16th century. It was the site of a number of battles in the 1500s. Some sources speculate that the 'three' refers to the castle having three parts.
Local historian Vincent Byrne recounts events that happened near the castle in 1538:
    "...The first recorded instance of loss of life in such confrontational circumstances occurred in 1538 and was recorded in the papers of Henry VIII. The constable of Rathmore, John Kelway, had executed two members of the O'Toole clan for poaching. O'Toole demanded an explanation for the drastic action and a meeting was arranged at Three Castles in Blessington. Neither side displayed any trust and in the inevitable confrontation Kelway was killed. In the altercation, Kelway's men killed a local farmer and his labourers by setting fire to their thatched farmhouse. It is reported that up to sixty householders were killed by Kelway's men".

## Gallery

* Interior of castle
* Interior of castle
* Interior of castle
* Ladder inside the castle
* Interior of one of the castle windows
* Interior of castle showing thickness of walls
* View towards Poulaphouca Reservoir aka Blessington Lake from the castle roof, December 2009
* View towards the Manor Kilbride road (L4371) from the castle roof, December 2009
# Kim Yi-su

Kim Yi-su (Korean: 김이수; born 24 March 1953) is a former Justice of the Constitutional Court of Korea.

## Career

1982 Judge, Daejeon District Court
1984 Judge, Hongseong Branch of Daejeon District court
1986 Judge, Daejeon District Court
1987 Judge, Suwon District Court
1989 Judge, Seoul High Court
1991 Research Judge, Supreme Court
1993 Senior Judge, Seoul Civil District Court
1993 Chief Judge, Jeongju Branch of Jeonju District Court
1996 Professor of Judicial Research and Training Institute
1999 Senior Judge, Seoul District Court
2000 Senior Judge, Patent Court
2002 Senior Judge, Seoul High Court
2006 Chief Judge, Cheongju District Court
2008 Chief Judge, Incheon District Court
2009 Chief Judge, Seoul Southern District Court
2010 Chief Judge, Patent Court
2011 President of Judicial Research and Training Institute
2012 Justice, Constitutional Court (until September 2018)
# Grímur

Grímur (Icelandic pronunciation:) is a Faroese and Icelandic masculine given name. People bearing the name Grímur include:
* Grímur Geitskör (fl. 10th-century), responsible for establishing the Icelandic parliament Althing
* Grímur Grímsson, member of the Icelandic parliament
* Grímur Hákonarson (born 1977), Icelandic film director and screenwriter
* Grímur Jónsson Thorkelin (1752–1829), Icelandic–Danish scholar
* Grímur Kamban (fl. 8th or 9th-century), first man to set foot in the Faroe Islands
* Grímur Thomsen (1820–1896), Icelandic poet and editor
# A-law algorithm

An A-law algorithm is a standard companding algorithm, used in European 8-bit PCM digital communications systems to optimize, i.e. modify, the dynamic range of an analog signal for digitizing. It is one of the two companding algorithms in the G.711 standard from ITU-T, the other being the similar μ-law, used in North America and Japan.
For a given input $x$, the equation for A-law encoding is as follows: $F(x)=\operatorname {sgn}(x){\begin{cases}{\dfrac {A|x|}{1+\ln(A)}},&|x|<{\dfrac {1}{A}},\\[1ex]{\dfrac {1+\ln(A|x|)}{1+\ln(A)}},&{\dfrac {1}{A}}\leq |x|\leq 1,\end{cases}}$
where $A$ is the compression parameter. In Europe, $A=87.6$.
A-law expansion is given by the inverse function: $F^{-1}(y)=\operatorname {sgn}(y){\begin{cases}{\dfrac {|y|(1+\ln(A))}{A}},&|y|<{\dfrac {1}{1+\ln(A)}},\\{\dfrac {e^{-1+|y|(1+\ln(A))}}{A}},&{\dfrac {1}{1+\ln(A)}}\leq |y|<1.\end{cases}}$
The reason for this encoding is that the wide dynamic range of speech does not lend itself well to efficient linear digital encoding. A-law encoding effectively reduces the dynamic range of the signal, thereby increasing the coding efficiency and resulting in a signal-to-distortion ratio that is superior to that obtained by linear encoding for a given number of bits.

## Comparison to μ-law

The μ-law algorithm provides a slightly larger dynamic range than the A-law at the cost of worse proportional distortion for small signals. By convention, A-law is used for an international connection if at least one country uses it.