OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julie Sondra Decker

Julie Sondra Decker (born January 17, 1978), also known by her YouTube name "swankivy", is an American writer, YouTuber, and activist known for her work on asexuality. She is particularly noted for a 2014 book on the subject, The Invisible Orientation.

## Biography

Decker was born in New Jersey on January 17, 1978. She mentions on her website that she started reading from an early age and has wanted to become an author since she was six years old. She attended and later graduated from the University of Florida in 2000. She grew up in a family where her sisters were supportive of her and in which "alternative lifestyles" were considered acceptable.
Decker experimented with her sexuality in high school and found that she was generally uninterested in dating. Decker realized she was both asexual and aromantic when she was 14. When Decker was 19, she was sexually assaulted by a male friend who felt he could "fix" her asexuality. She eventually repelled him, and as she was leaving, he yelled out, "I just want to help you!" Before the Asexuality Visibility and Education Network (AVEN) was founded, Decker had described herself as nonsexual, but today uses the term asexual.
Decker lives and works in her hometown of Tampa, Florida. Decker feels that it is important to speak for "asexuals who are insecure or depressed."

## YouTube

Decker joined YouTube on September 26, 2006. Her earliest video uploaded is "SwankiVY sings "Popular" from Wicked" which was uploaded on 15 March 2008. Although she vlogs about many subjects, she is well known for her series "Letters To An Asexual" where she replies (usually in a sarcastic manner) to derogatory comments directed towards her or the asexual community. She is also known to cover songs from musicals on her channel such as Wicked but has also covered songs from Bat For Lashes, Tears For Fears and Smile.dk. She also has an additional account simply titled "JulieSondra" where she shares writing tips for struggling writers.

## The Invisible Orientation

In 2014, Decker released The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality. Library Journal wrote that The Invisible Orientation is "the first substantial book for the nonprofessional to emerge from the small but growing community of individuals who identify themselves as 'asexual,'" and called the book an important resource for understanding asexuality. Maclean's describes the book as using "plain, straightforward language" and helps readers understand various manifestations of asexuality. The book contains a variety of resources and information regarding asexuality and the misunderstanding that the asexual community faces in modern society. Decker includes a section for those who are trying to figure out if they are actually asexual or not. The book was later nominated for best LGBT Non-Fiction book award at the 27th Lambda Literary Awards. In 2015, Invisible Orientation won a silver IPPY award in the category of sexuality and relationships. Decker says that she wants the book to help change the "common narrative about what sexuality is."
# Hebertsfelden

Hebertsfelden (Central Bavarian: Hebertsfeidn) is a municipality in the district of Rottal-Inn in Bavaria of Germany.
# H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University

H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University (Ukrainian: Харківський національний педагогічний університет імені Григорія Сковороди) is a Ukrainian university in Kharkiv. It was founded in 1933.
On the territory of the university there was a monument to the Ukrainian philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda, which was opened on September 28, 2012, and destroyed on the night of July 6, 2022 (around 00:15) as a result of a missile attack by the Russian army from Belgorod. The premises of Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after H.S. Skovoroda were also destroyed. Three floors in the central building of the institution collapsed. Also, a 40-year-old watchman of the university died at the scene.

## Campuses and buildings

* Alchevskyh st., 29
* Valentynivska st., 2 (destroyed by Russian shelling on 6 July 2022)
* Chernyshevska st., 60
* Faninskyi st., 3
Campus:
* Faninskyi st., 3-V
* Yuvileiniy Ave., 50
* Hvardiitsіv Shironіntsіv st., 41-A
* Liudviha Svobody Ave., 53-B

## Institutes and faculties

1 Institute: Institute of Postgraduate Education and Management
10 Faculties: History and Law; Natural, special and health education; Ukrainian Language and Literature Faculty named after G.F. Kwitka-Osnovyanenko; Preschool education; Foreign Philology; Arts; Primary education; Social and Behavioral Sciences; Physical Education and Sports; Physics and Mathematics

## Notable alumni

* Katya Soldak, journalist and documentary filmmaker (documentary The Long Breakup, 2020)
* "Zhanneta Kozina; Козіна Жаннета Леонідівна, Козина Жаннета Леонидовна"., scientist in the field of sports science, editor-in-chief of the journal "Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация, Health, sport, rehabilitation; Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація"., which is indexed in the "Scopus". scientometric database, alumn of graduate school 1993
# Humphrey II of Toron

Humphrey II of Toron (1117 – 22 April 1179) was lord of Toron and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Humphrey I of Toron.
Humphrey had become lord of Toron sometime before 1140 when he married the daughter of Renier Brus, lord of Banias (the Herodian city of Caesarea Philippi). Through this marriage, Banias was added to Toron. Humphrey became castellan of Hebron in 1149 when Hebron became a domain of the royal family of Jerusalem. In 1153 he became constable of Jerusalem when Baldwin III of Jerusalem became sole ruler after a struggle with his mother Melisende. That year he was present with the king at the Siege of Ascalon.
Humphrey was defeated by Nur ad-Din at Banias in 1157 and was besieged in its castle until Baldwin III arrived to lift the siege. That year Humphrey also sold Banias and Chastel Neuf to the Knights Hospitaller (Chastel Neuf was captured by Nur ad-Din in 1167). Also in 1157 he helped negotiate the marriage of Baldwin III and Theodora, niece of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus. Humphrey himself later married Philippa, sister of Bohemund III of Antioch, who had previously had an affair with future Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus, Manuel's cousin. Humphrey had been married before, to an unknown woman, and his marriage with Philippa produced no children.
In 1173 Humphrey relieved Nur ad-Din's siege of Kerak in Oultrejordain. In 1176 his importance at the royal court was somewhat lessened due to the influence of Agnes of Courtenay, but he kept his position as constable. In 1177 this lessened importance was manifested when the lordship of Hebron was recreated and given to Raynald of Châtillon, lord of Oultrejordain, rather than Humphrey, who was still castellan. Nevertheless, he was one of the supporters of the Raymond III of Tripoli, regent for Baldwin IV. Raymond, Humphrey, and others represented the faction of old families at court, who were opposed to newcomers like Raynald, and later Guy of Lusignan.
Humphrey rebuilt Chateau Neuf in 1179 after it had been destroyed in various sieges. Also in 1179, he helped negotiate a truce between the Knights Hospitaller and Knights Templar. Later that year he accompanied Baldwin IV in an attack on a small Muslim force near Banias, but, although he saved Baldwin IV's life, he suffered mortal wounds and died at his castle at Hunin on 22 April. He was succeeded in Toron by his 13-year-old grandson Humphrey IV, son of Humphrey III and Stephanie of Milly; Humphrey III of Toron was his son by his unknown first wife.
# Maja e Papingut

Maja e Papingut is a mountain peak of the Nemërçka massif, in southern Albania. Reaching a height of 2,482 m (8,143 ft), it is the 3rd most prominent peak in the country and the 44th most prominent peak in Europe.

## Geology

Formerly known as Maja e Dritës, the peak is nestled in the Southern Mountain Region, between the municipalities of Përmet and Gjirokastër, where it takes on the shape of a pyramid. It is composed primarily of Cretaceous limestone rocks with asymmetrical backs. The eastern side has undergone significant changes from quaternary ice, resulting in the formation of large cirques. The peak is blanketed in snow throughout the year and is a popular destination for mountain climbers.
# Montana Highway 135

Montana Highway 135 (MT 135) is a 21.5-mile-long (34.6 km) state highway in western Montana. It begins at Interstate 90 (I-90) in St. Regis and ends at MT 200 near Paradise. The highway runs along the bank of the Clark Fork River and through Lolo National Forest.

## History

From 1960 to 1978, a secondary route ran on the modern route of MT 135. It was a connection between US 10 and US 10A and later Montana Highway 200. There was a toll ferry cross the Clark Fork River.

## Route description

MT 135 begins in St. Regis at exit 33 along I-90. Almost immediately, it comes to a four-way stop where it intersects the former U.S. Highway 10. From there, the highway heads to the north and northeast through Lolo National Forest and along the northern bank of the Clark Fork River. A line of the Montana Rail Link railroad runs parallel to the highway. Near its midpoint, MT 135 crosses the river and passes beneath the railroad; from there, the road and railroad run along opposite banks of the river. As the river winds, the highway follows closely; near Quinn, the river and road straighten. Just before the highway ends, it exits Lolo National Forest. The highway ends a couple miles east of Paradise at MT 200. Nearby is the mouth of the Clark Fork River, which empties into the Flathead River.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Mineral | St. Regis | 0.000 | 0.000 | I-90 – Missoula, Spokane | Exit 33 on I-90 |
| Sanders | Paradise | 21.549 | 34.680 | MT 200 – Thompson Falls, Ravalli | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# A Gem of a Jam

A Gem of a Jam is a 1943 short subject directed by Del Lord starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 76th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

## Plot

The Stooges are janitors employed at a medical facility during the nocturnal hours. The narrative unfolds through a series of comedic mishaps, commencing with Moe's inadvertent electric shock incident, resulting in an impromptu performance resembling a Cossack dance. Subsequently, Curly becomes ensnared with his head trapped inside a fishbowl, prompting a sequence wherein Moe and Larry endeavor to dislodge the vessel, eventually succeeding but inadvertently evoking sensations of internal tickling within Curly instigated by an ingested goldfish.
Following an attempted escape after a robbery, a fugitive criminal sustains a gunshot wound to his arm and seeks refuge. Mistaking the doctor's office for a functional medical facility, the criminals bring their injured comrade to the Stooges. The Stooges, assuming the roles of physicians, administer unconventional anesthesia with a rubber mallet. The Stooges, distracted with their backs turned, accidentally dislodge the criminal from the gurney, causing him to descend through a nearby window and land directly in a waiting police vehicle stationed below. Subsequently, witnessing the ensuing chaos, the remaining criminals hastily flee but are eventually apprehended by law enforcement authorities.
Seeking refuge from the ensuing pandemonium, the Stooges retreat to a foreboding storage area, encountering a jittery night watchman and an array of eerie artifacts, including a sizable jack-in-the-box. Amidst the chaos, Curly becomes encased in rapidly drying plaster, rendering him immobile and assuming a ghostly appearance. Consequently, his unintentional frightful presence ends up scaring all involved.

## Production notes

A Gem of a Jam was filmed on June 12–16, 1943. The Stooges released more short subjects in 1943 than any other year at Columbia Pictures, A Gem of a Jam being the tenth entry.
The gag of Curly stepping out of a trough appearing as a ghost first appeared in the 1934 Laurel and Hardy film The Live Ghost. When the night watchman (Dudley Dickerson) backs into the mannequin, he shouts, "I'm losing my mind!" This line, however, has been muted for television broadcasts and home video releases. The first Three Stooges short to feature the swing rendition of "3 Blind Mice," during the closing fade-out. The closing theme would be used again at the end of Busy Buddies.
# Gameplay

Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.

## History

Arising alongside video game development in the 1980s, the term gameplay was initially used solely within the context of video games, though now it is also used for tabletop games.

## Definition of term

There is no consensus on the precise definition of gameplay. It has been differently defined by different authors, but all definitions refer to player interaction with a game. For example:
* "The structures of player interaction with the game system and with other players in the game."
* "Gameplay here is seen as the interactive gaming process of the player with the game."
Theorists also agree that video game gameplay is distinct from graphics and audio elements.
Some theorists add more specific elements to the basic definition of gameplay as the interaction between players and games. For example:
* "One or more causally linked series of challenges in a simulated environment."
* "The experience of gameplay is one of interacting with a game design in the performance of cognitive tasks, with a variety of emotions arising from or associated with different elements of motivation, task performance and completion."
* In The Videogame Theory Reader, G. Frasca identifies three components to gameplay: "Manipulation rules" ( defining what the player can do in the game) "Goal Rules" (defining the goal of the game), and "Metarules" (defining how a game can be tuned or modified).

## Types

Gameplay can be divided into several types. For example, cooperative gameplay involves two or more players playing together, often on a team. Below is a non-exhaustive list of various gameplay types:
* Asymmetric video game
* Cooperative video game
* Emergent gameplay
* Nonlinear gameplay

## Playability

Playability is a measure of the quality of gameplay. Playability represents the ease, quantity, or duration that a game can be played. Playability evaluative methods target games to improve design, while player experience evaluative methods target players to improve gaming.
Different scholars analyze playability according to different sets of criteria. For example, in Playability: analyzing user experience in video games, the researchers define playability as a set of properties that describe player experience using a specific game system: satisfaction, learning, efficiency, immersion, motivation, emotion, and socialization. However, in A video game's elements ontology, the researchers define the facets of playability as: intrinsic, mechanical, interactive, artistic, personal, and social.
These concepts of "playability" are not to be confused with the ability to control (or play) characters in multi-character games such as role playing games or fighting games, or factions in real-time strategy games.
# Yacoub Masboungi

Yacoub Masboungi (born 10 May 1948) is a Lebanese former swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# French sauce spoon

A French sauce spoon or saucier spoon is a spoon that is typically the size and shape of a dessert spoon, but with a flattened bowl that has a thinner edge and a small notch on one side. As the name suggests, a French sauce spoon is used to eat the sauce accompanying a dish. Such a spoon may be referred to simply as a sauce spoon, but this can also refer to a spoon used to serve sauce.
The spoon's flattened bowl and thin edge aids scooping a thin layer of sauce from a plate without resorting to tipping the plate; the notch in the bowl is variously claimed to allow oil or fat to drain away from the sauce, or to be a reference to the notch in a fish knife.
Originally invented in France at the restaurant Lasserre in 1950 (chef René Lasserre) as the cuillère à sauce individuelle (individual sauce spoon) and originally found mainly in France, French sauce spoons are increasingly popular in high-end restaurants elsewhere.
# Augustus Anwyl-Passingham

Colonel Augustus Mervyn Owen Anwyl Anwyl-Passingham CBE DL JP (31 August 1880 – 22 November 1955) was a British soldier, recruiting officer and Territorial Army organiser.

## Early life and family

Born in 1880 in Dover, Anwyl-Passingham belonged to a family of Anglo-Welsh gentry. He was the second and youngest son of Major Robert Townshend Passingham, JP, DL (1843–1893), of Bala, Merionethshire, and his wife Lucy Emma (d. 1909), eldest daughter of Thomas Jeffreys Badger of Kingsland, Shropshire. In 1888, his father assumed the additional name of Anwyl. His elder brother was the soldier Robert Townshend Anwyl-Passingham, OBE (1867–1926), and two of his sisters married Italian noblemen.

## Career
### Military

Anwyl-Passingham was educated at Dover College, before joining The Middlesex Regiment in 1899 as a second lieutenant; he served in the Second Boer War (1901–02), and was promoted to a lieutenant in 1903. Between 1905 and 1907, he was part of the Royal West African Frontier Force and in 1906 participated in the Hadeija and Sokoto expeditions in Nigeria. Returning to the United Kingdom thereafter, he was wounded in 1907 during rioting in Ireland. Promoted to captain in 1911, he was appointed a recruiting staff officer for the London Recruiting Area in 1913 and remained in that post after the onset of the First World War.
In January 1916, he was appointed a staff captain in the War Office with the temporary rank of major; he was promoted to the full rank in July 1916, and in September he was appointed an assistant inspector of registration and recruiting in the War Office. He was made a deputy director of recruiting with responsibility for Wales and was promoted to temporary colonel in August 1917; he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1918 New Year Honours for his services.
Anwyl-Passingham left that post and the temporary rank in May 1918, and was "recalled to the colours". According to his obituary in The Times, he served in Italy and was mentioned in dispatches. After the war, he served in Upper Silesia between 1919 and 1921, helping to oversee the preparations for its transfer to Poland. He was promoted to colonel and retired in August 1922.

### Retirement and later life

In 1924, Anwyl-Passingham became secretary of the Middlesex Territorial Army and Air Force Association, serving until 1945. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Middlesex in 1927 and served as the county's high sheriff in 1938. In the 1942 New Year Honours, he was advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). He died on November 22, 1955.
# A Lucky Strike

A Lucky Strike is a 1915 American film featuring Oliver Hardy.

## Cast

* Mae Hotely as Nora, the Cook
* Oliver Hardy as Bill Myers
* Cora Walker as Nelle Crehan
* Frances Ne Moyer as Elinor, her niece
* Jerold T. Hevener as Thomas Gray
* Ed Lawrence as His Assistant
* Raymond McKee as Clerk
* Ben Walker as Clerk
# CARMENES survey

The CARMENES survey (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M-dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs) is a project to examine approximately 300 M-dwarf stars for signs of exoplanets with the CARMENES instrument on the Spanish Calar Alto's 3.5m telescope.
Operating since 2016, it aims to find Earth-sized exoplanets around 2 M$_E$ (Earth masses) using Doppler spectroscopy (also called the radial velocity method). More than 20 exoplanets have been found through CARMENES, among them Teegarden b, considered one of the most potentially habitable exoplanets. Another potentially habitable planet found is Gliese 357 d.

## Discoveries

| Star | GJ | d [pc] | Sp. type | Planet | P$_{orb}$ [d] | M$_2$sini [M$_⊕$] |
| LP 729-54 | ... | 22.00 | M3.5 V | b | 0.768377 | 2.34 (TESS) |
| LP 729-54 | ... | 22.00 | M3.5 V | c | 12.252131 | 6.29 (TESS) |
| TOI-1235 | ... | 39.680 | M0.5 V | b | 3.444717 | 5.90 (TESS) |
| CD Ceti | 1057 | 8.069 | M5.0 V | b | 2.29070 | 3.95 |
| HD 79211 | 338 B | 6.334 | M0.0 V | b | 24.45 | 10.0 |
| TYC 6170-95-1 (EPIC 249893012) | ... | 325 | G8 IV/V | b$^*$ | 3.5949 | 8.8 (K2) |
| TYC 6170-95-1 (EPIC 249893012) | ... | 325 | G8 IV/V | c$^*$ | 15.624 | 14.7 (K2) |
| TYC 6170-95-1 (EPIC 249893012) | ... | 325 | G8 IV/V | d$^*$ | 35.747 | 10 (K2) |
| LP 90-18 (GJ 3512) | 3512 | 9.489 | M5.5 V | b | 203.59 | 147 |
| LP 90-18 (GJ 3512) | 3512 | 9.489 | M5.5 V | c | >1390 | >54 |
| Gliese 357 | 357 | 9.444 | M2.5 V | b | 3.93072 | 1.84 (TESS) |
| Gliese 357 | 357 | 9.444 | M2.5 V | c | 9.1247 | 3.4 |
| Gliese 357 | 357 | 9.444 | M2.5 V | d | 55.661 | 6.1 |
| LSPM J2116+0234 | ... | 17.639 | M3.0 V | b | 14.451 | 13.6 |
| Teegarden's Star | ... | 3.831 | M7.0 V | b | 4.9100 | 1.05 |
| Teegarden's Star | ... | 3.831 | M7.0 V | c | 11.409 | 1.11 |
| BD+61 195 | 49 | 9.856 | M1.5 V | b | 13.851 | 5.6 |
| K2-285 | ... | 156 | K2 V | b$^*$ | 3.47175 | 9.7 (K2) |
| K2-285 | ... | 156 | K2 V | c$^*$ | 7.13804 | 16 (K2) |
| K2-285 | ... | 156 | K2 V | d$^*$ | 10.4560 | <6.5 (K2) |
| K2-285 | ... | 156 | K2 V | e$^*$ | 14.7634 | <10.7 (K2) |
| HD 119130 | ... | 114.3 | G3 V | b$^*$ | 16.9841 | 24 |
| G 232-70 | 4276 | 21.35 | M4.0 V | b | 13.350 | 15.6 |
| Barnard's Star | 699 | 1.827 | M3.5 V | b | 232.8 | 3.2 |
| Ross 1020 | 3779 | 13.748 | M4.0 V | b | 3.0232 | 8.0 |
| LP 819-052 | 1265 | 10.255 | M4.5 V | b | 3.6511 | 7.4 |
| HD 180617 | 752 A | 5.912 | M2.5 V | b | 105.90 | 12.2 |
| HD 147379 | 617 A | 10.74 | M0.0 V | b | 86.54 | 24.7 |
| Ross 1003 | 1148 | 11.00 | M4.0 V | c | 533 | 68 |
| GX Andromedae | 15 A | 3.562 | M1.0 V | c | 7800 | 50 |
# List of political parties in Southern Europe

This is a List of political parties in Southern Europe, linking to the country list of parties and the political system of each country in the region.

## List of countries

| Country | Multi party | Two party | Dominant party | No party |
| Albania | • | | | |
| Andorra | • | | | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | • | | | |
| Croatia | • | | | |
| Cyprus | • | | | |
| Gibraltar (UK) | • | | | |
| Greece | • | | | |
| Italy | • | | | |
| Kosovo | • | | | |
| Macedonia | • | | | |
| Malta | | • | | |
| Montenegro | • | | | |
| Northern Cyprus | • | | | |
| Portugal | • | | | |
| San Marino | • | | | |
| Serbia | | | • | |
| Slovenia | • | | | |
| Spain | • | | | |
| Turkey | • | | | |
| Vatican City | | | | • |