OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hastings Gilford

Hastings Gilford (July 2, 1861 – September 6, 1941) F.R.C.S. was an English surgeon, best known for his description of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome in 1897. Gilford was also an alternative cancer treatment advocate who wrote under the pseudonym John Cope.

## Biography

Gilford was born at Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, England on July 2, 1861. He qualified M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. from Guy's Hospital in 1887. He took the F.R.C.S in 1889. He was clinical assistant at Evelina Hospital for Sick Children and surgeon for the Reading Dispensary. During World War I he was surgeon in charge of the Sutherland War Hospital and Hospital for Pensioners. He was elected vice-president of the Reading Pathological Society in 1908 and was a member of the British Medical Association.

## Cancer research

Gilford took interest in the aetiology of cancer. He relied on clinical and post-mortem observations in his study of the origin of tumours. Under the pseudonym John Cope, he authored Cancer: Civilization: Degeneration in 1932. Gilford came to the conclusion that cancer is a disease of civilization and rarely found amongst primitive peoples.
Gilford suggested that constipation from faulty foods causes cancer as well as irritants such as dentures, furnace heat, glass eyes, sexual perversion and tobacco. He took issue with milk, puddings and many liquids. He promoted a diet of fruit, meats and nuts. It was negatively reviewed in several medical journals. A review in the American Journal of Cancer concluded "This beautifully printed volume only repeats a lot of long since disproved ideas on the subject of cancer. It is not even accurate enough to place in the hands of the layman, for he will only wander among the quotations, anecdotes, and other ornaments which fill the book and look in vain for anything new about cancer." A positive review appeared in the British Journal of Nursing which described it as well-written treatise on cancer with much valuable material. The book proposed some controversial ideas. Professor and historian Robert N. Proctor has described Gilford as a misogynist.
Gilford's last published book on cancer was The Cancer Problem and its Solution, in 1934. It received a mixed review in the Journal of the American Medical Association which disagreed with the thesis but applauded its interesting philosophical speculation. It was positively reviewed in the British Medical Journal.
Gilford recommended people to exercise and avoid using cars. According to Gilford "the luxurious car brings with it the evils which arise out of inadequate exercise of the muscles... In the end, the man who walks and marries is the gainer. He is healthier and in every way better for the exercise, and both he and his wife are less likely to become cancerous."

## Selected publications

* The Disorders of Post-Natal Growth and Development (1911)
* Tumours and Cancers: A Biological Study (1925)
* Cancer: Civilization: Degeneration (1932)
* The Cancer Problem and its Solution (1934)
# Wil van Beveren

Wijnand "Wil" van Beveren (28 December 1911 – 5 October 2003) was a Dutch sprinter who competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Van Beveren finished third behind Arthur Sweeney in the 220 yards event at the 1936 AAA Championships. One month later he was selected to represent the Netherlands at the 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin, where he competed in the 100 metres, 200 metres and 4×100 metres relay and finished sixth in the 200 metres, running against Jesse Owens. In the relay, the Dutch team was close to a medal, but failed at a baton transfer.
Van Beveren won the British AAA Championships title in the 220 yards event at the 1938 AAA Championships. Shortly afterwards in September, Van Beveren was a medal favourite in the 100 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships, but finished fourth.
He won three national titles, two in the 200 metres (1937 and 1939) and one in 100 metres (1939). After World War II, he retired from competitions and became a sports journalist, first with the weekly magazine Sport & Sportwereld and then with Emmer Courant. His two sons, Jan van Beveren and Wil van Beveren Jr., became professional football players.
# Battle of the Cilician Gates

The Battle of the Cilician Gates in 39 BC was a decisive victory for the Roman general Publius Ventidius over the Parthian army and its Roman allies who served under Quintus Labienus in Asia Minor.

## Prelude

Parthian forces made a number of raids into Roman territory after the defeat of the Roman army under Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae. The Romans under Gaius Cassius Longinus defended the border against these Parthian incursions successfully. However, in 40 BC a Parthian invasion force allied with rebel Roman forces who served under Quintus Labienus attacked the eastern Roman provinces, they enjoyed great success as Labienus took all of Asia Minor except for a few cities, while the young prince Pacorus I of Parthia took over Syria and the Hasmonean state in Judea. After these incidents Mark Antony gave command of the eastern Roman forces to his lieutenant, Publius Ventidius, a skilled military general who served under Julius Caesar. Ventidius landed unexpectedly on the coast of Asia Minor, which forced Labienus to fall back to Cilicia where he received additional Parthian reinforcements from Pacorus. After Labienus had regrouped with Pacorus’s additional forces, his and Ventidius’s armies met somewhere at the Taurus Mountains.

## Battle

On the day of battle, Ventidius positioned his men on the high slopes comprising rugged terrain in order to negate the Parthian strength in cavalry. Learning from general Decidius Saxa's errors in regards to his cavalry in the previous year, Ventidius decided not to waste them in a needless cavalry assault and instead kept his cavalry on the flanks of his infantry, which he planned to use to blunt the enemy attack. The Parthians had formed their cavalry in a loose formation outside their camp at the bottom of the hill with horse-archers at the front and cataphracts in the rear. Confident in their chances of success against the Romans, the Parthians failed to wait for Labienus' infantry to mobilise with them and instead surged up the hill to engage in combat with the Romans.
The Parthian horse-archers unleashed a volley of arrows at the Romans, who held their position and hid behind their shields. The Romans fought back by firing volleys of javelins at the Parthians. Eventually, Ventidius commanded his men into a close order formation and to charge down the hill towards their enemies with whom they collided. The Parthian horse-archers were lightly armoured and were not able to hold their own against the heavily armoured Roman legionnaires in close-quarters combat. Eventually, due to the high losses, panic set in and the Parthian forces began to flee from the victorious Romans, leaving Labienus to his fate.

## Aftermath

After the battle Labienus attempted to flee, but was captured and executed. Labienus’ rebels joined Ventidius’ men. The Parthian forces fled to the Amanus Pass, where they again engaged in combat with Ventidius’ army; again they were defeated and Pacorus had to withdraw his army from Syria, which was then retaken by the Romans and placed under their control.
# Historical Breechloading Smallarms Association

The Historical Breechloading Smallarms Association (HBSA) is a learned society supporting the collecting of historic arms and preservation of their heritage within the UK. The HBSA also encourages research and study of historic breech-loading firearms and offers advice on the drafting of UK firearms legislation, particularly where this affects historic arms.
# 1167 Dubiago

1167 Dubiago, provisional designation 1930 PB, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 63 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1930, by Soviet astronomer Evgenii Skvortsov at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula, and named after astronomer Alexander Dubyago.

## Classification and orbit

Dubiago orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.2–3.7 AU once every 6 years and 4 months (2,305 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1924, it was first identified as A924 RF at the discovering observatory. The body's observation arc begins at Yerkes Observatory about two months after its official discovery at Simeiz.

## Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Dubiago is a D-type asteroid, a group of 46 known bodies, mostly being Jupiter trojans and centaurs such as 10199 Chariklo and 624 Hektor. It is thought that the Martian moon Phobos has a similar composition, and that the Tagish Lake meteorite origins from a D-type asteroid.

### Lightcurves

In March 1990, a rotational lightcurve of Dubiago was obtained using the Nordic Optical Telescope at the La Palma site on the Canary Islands. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.3 hours with a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=2). A second lightcurve was obtained in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in October 2013, giving an alternative period solution of 34.8374 hours with an amplitude of 0.21 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the Japanese Akari satellite, Dubiago measures 63.12 and 75.79 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.051 and 0.036, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS with an absolute magnitude of 9.85.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of Alexander Dubyago (1903–1959), a renowned astronomer of the Soviet Union. The lunar crater Dubyago is also named in his and his father's honour. The approved naming was suggested by the Russian Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (ITA) and the official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1967 (M.P.C. 2740).
# Koharu

Koharu (written: 小春 or コハル in katakana) is a feminine Japanese given name occasionally used for men. Notable people with the name include:

## Women

* Koharu Kisaragi (如月 小春) (1956–2000), Japanese playwright, director, and essayist
* Koharu Kusumi (久住 小春, born 1992), Japanese idol, singer, model, actress, voice actress and television personality
* Koharu Sugawara (菅原 小春, born 1992), Japanese choreographer and model
* Koharu Yonemoto (米元 小春, born 1990), Japanese badminton player

## Men

* Koharu Sakuraba (桜場 コハル), Japanese manga artist
# Oltrona di San Mamette

Oltrona di San Mamette (Comasco: Ultróna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,190 and an area of 2.7 km$^2$.
The municipality of Oltrona di San Mamette contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Cerc and Gerbo.
Oltrona di San Mamette borders the following municipalities: Appiano Gentile, Beregazzo con Figliaro, Lurate Caccivio, Olgiate Comasco.
# Bungy Watson

James Henry Digby "Bungy" Watson (31 August 1890 – 15 October 1914) was an English rugby union player. He won 3 caps for England, all in the 1914 Five Nations Championship. He was killed while serving as a surgeon aboard HMS Hawke when it was torpedoed and sunk by U-9 in 1914 during World War I, and is commemorated on the Chatham Naval Memorial.

## Early life

Watson was born on 31 August 1890 at Southsea to Eliza V. Watson and her husband Captain James Herbert Watson, an engineer in the Royal Navy. He attended The King's School, Canterbury from September 1899 to April 1906, and played for the First XV in 1905. He then transferred to Edinburgh Academy for his final two years of schooling, playing for the First XV there too. There he earned his nickname "Bungy" after using the King's Canterbury term for a rubber, which was unknown at the Academy. He then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1908 to 1913, graduating Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery. At University, he played for the University Rugby XV, and was also the University middleweight boxing champion.

## Rugby career
### International appearances

| Opposition | Score | Result | Date | Venue |
| Wales | 10–9 | Won | 17 January 1914 | Twickenham |
| Scotland | 15–16 | Won | 21 March 1914 | Inverleith |
| France | 13–39 | Won | 13 April 1914 | Colombes |

## Military service

At the start of the World War I, Watson was appointed Surgeon in the Royal Navy aboard HMS Hawke. The ship was part of the Northern Patrol, and on 15 October 1914, Hawke and HMS Theseus were patrolling in the North Sea, 60 miles off Aberdeen when a torpedo launched by the German submarine U-9 struck the Hawke amidships. The impact detonated the ship's magazine and caused two large explosions. The ship sank quickly with the loss of 525 men, including Watson.
He is commemorated on the Chatham Naval Memorial, at Twickenham war memorial, and at Blackheath.
# Park Ji-ah (actress, born 1977)

Park Ji-ah (born 18 July 1977) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as Link: Eat, Love, Kill, Our Blues and Once Upon a Small Town.

## Early life

Park Ji-ah started her career in 1998 in theatre plays. She has performed in stage plays and musicals such as Blood and Seed, Daughters of Igalia, Elephant Song, Mokship, and Build Simcheongjeon.

## Career

In 2021, she signed with Jannabi Entertainment and worked in her first drama Beyond Evil. The following year she had a supporting role in drama Our Blues, portraying the role of Hye-ja, a woman who takes care of her autistic granddaughter. The role was very well-received. Park Ji-ah said that she learned the Jeju dialect used in the role of a local haenyeo, and that many asked her if she was from Jeju. Later, she played the role of Park Seon-hwa in Link: Eat, Love, Kill.

## Filmography
### Television series

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2021 | Beyond Evil | Neighborhood woman |
| 2022 | Our Blues | Park Hye-ja |
| 2022 | Link: Eat, Love, Kill | Park Seon-hwa |
| 2022 | Once Upon a Small Town | Cha Yeon-hong |
| 2022 | The Law Cafe | Hair Stylist |
| 2023 | The Good Bad Mother | Doctor |
| 2023 | KBS Drama Special: "Half Lies" | Seok-ran |
| 2023 | Delightfully Deceitful | Prisoner |
| 2024 | Crash | Park Hyeon-jeong |
| 2024 | A Virtuous Business | Butcher shop owner |
| 2024 | The Trunk | Pawn Shop Owner |
| 2024 | Brewing Love | Sim Young-ja |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| 2024 | It Has to Be a Secret | Ha-young | |

## Theatre

| Year | Title | Korean Title | Role |
| 2006 | Bandit | 밴디트 | Marie |
| 2007 | Dreamy | 몽연 | Masked person |
| 2008 | Oasis Laundry Heist Incident | 오아시스세탁소습격사건 | Jang Min-sook |
| 2010 | Thank You Honey | 여보 고마워 | Mother-in-law |
| 2011 | Miss Young Ae | 막돼먹은 영애씨 | Young-ae |
| 2012 | Miss Young-ae, Who Is Lost | 막돼먹은 영애씨 | Young-ae |
| 2012 | Propose | 프로포즈 | Jin-young |
| 2013 | Hyegyeonggung Hong | 혜경궁 홍씨 | Choi Sang-gung |
| 2014 | Pyongyang Maria | 평양마리아 | Grandma |
| 2014 | Frankenstein | 프랑켄슈타인 | Clarie |
| 2015 | With | 이랑 | Wol-jik Chasa |
| 2015 | Piece Of Paper | 토막 土幕 | Gyeongseon Cheo |
| 2015 | Winter Story | 겨울이야기 | Nobility |
| 2015 | Heavy Metal Girls | 헤비메탈 걸스 | Eun-ju |
| 2015 | I Have Soup | 국물 있사옵니다 | Park Yong-ja |
| 2017 | Doorbell | 초인종 | Mom |
| 2017 | You're Carrying Gwangju-ri, Again | 조끼 | Grandmother |
| 2018 | September | 9월 | Seon-hee |
| 2018 | Grandma - Suwon | 할머니 - 수원 | Grandma |
| 2018 | Completely Out Of The Blue | 완전히 파란색 | Lady Han |
| 2018 | A Magician's Story | 어느 마술사 이야기 | Mother |
| 2019 | Galileo's life | 갈릴레오의 삶 | Madame Sarti |
| 2019 | 2nd Feminism | 제2의 페미니즘 | Morgan |
| 2019 | Daughters of Igalia | 이갈리아의 딸들 | Son |
| 2019 | Elephant Song | 엘리펀트 송 | Peterson |
| 2021 | 76 Festival | 76 축제 | Gwi-duk |

## Awards and nominations

Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination :
| Award ceremony | Year | Category | Nominee / Work | Result | Ref. |
| 54th Dong-A Theater Awards | 2017 | Rookie of the Year Award | You're Carrying Gwangju-ri, Again | Won | |
# Madeline Penna

Madeline Marie Penna (born 30 August 2000) is an Australian cricketer who plays for South Australia in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) and the Adelaide Strikers in the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL). An all-rounder, she bowls right-arm leg spin and bats right-handed.

## Early life

Penna was born on 30 August 2000. When she was nine, she was diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans, which is effectively loose bone under her kneecap.

## Cricket career

Penna made her WNCL debut for the ACT Meteors on 22 September 2019 against Victoria. She scored 14 runs and took one wicket for 24 from seven overs. Two days before the beginning of the 2019–20 WBBL, Penna had not been selected for any of the teams, but due to an injury to Alana King, the Melbourne Stars offered her a position in their squad. She went wicketless on debut but took four for 20 in her second match, against Sydney Thunder.
Penna joined the Adelaide Strikers for the 2020–21 WBBL. In the final week of the tournament she struck a "whirlwind" half-century against the Hobart Hurricanes, the first by a number seven in WBBL history, scoring 56 from 33 balls including 24 runs off a single over. In the 2020–21 WNCL, Penna made her maiden one-day century, scoring 118 from 100 deliveries to help the ACT Meteors to a 64-run win over Western Australia.
On 15 October 2024, Penna scored her maiden Twenty20 century against the Melbourne Renegades in the 2024 T20 Spring Challenge.
# Arc Angels

Arc Angels is a blues rock supergroup formed in Austin, Texas in the early 1990s. The band came together after the death of Stevie Ray Vaughan and was composed of Vaughan’s friends Doyle Bramhall II and Charlie Sexton and two of the band members from Vaughan’s band Double Trouble, drummer Chris Layton and bassist Tommy Shannon. (Shannon has not been part of the group since 2010.)
The 'Arc' in the band's name came from the Austin Rehearsal Complex where the band first started jamming.

## History

Arc Angels, their 1992 debut album, met with critical approval and reached No.127 on the Billboard chart. The band made its network television debut on Late Night with David Letterman on June 9, 1992, performing "Living In A Dream." Arc Angels played Letterman again on January 6, 1993, with "Too Many Ways to Fall."
Bramhall's heroin addiction as well as internal friction caused the breakup of the band in 1993. The Arc Angels broke up in October of that year after concluding with a series of farewell concerts at Austin's Backyard Outdoor Venue. The band reunited for occasional live performances beginning in 2002.
In recent years, Bramhall played guitar and toured with Eric Clapton's band as well as Roger Waters. Charlie Sexton toured with Bob Dylan. Layton and Shannon have recorded three albums with the Texas soul quintet Storyville. The duo has also backed such artists as Buddy Guy, Kenny Wayne Shepherd and John Mayer.
The members of Arc Angels (minus Shannon) announced that they would be reuniting in March 2009, releasing a live album and DVD of a concert from 2005, touring extensively and beginning work on their second album. The album/DVD Living in a Dream was released in 2009. It contained live renditions of previously released Arc Angels songs, new songs performed live, and three new studio tracks. The launch of the Angels tour took place at Austin's annual South by Southwest Festival. Although the band never officially broke up again, members pursued solo projects and no talks about future Arc Angels releases or concerts have taken place to date. While on stage in 2014, Bramhall referred to the Arc Angels as "this band I was in" further confirming their demise.
As of 2022, the band is performing once again with shows throughout the year.

## Members
### Current Members

* Doyle Bramhall II - guitar, vocals (1990-1993, 2005-2010, 2022-Present)
* Charlie Sexton - guitar, vocals (1990-1993, 2005-2010, 2022-Present)
* Chris Layton - drums (1990-1993, 2005-2010, 2022-Present)

### Former Members

* Tommy Shannon - bass (1990-1993, 2005-2009)

### Touring Members

* Dave Monsey, aka "Mark Newmark" - bass (2009-2010). Dave reportedly used an alias during the tour to avoid a contract violation
* Eric Holden - bass (2022-Present)

## Discography

* Arc Angels (Geffen Records, 1992) US No. 127
* Living in a Dream CD/DVD (2009)
# Robert Devoy

Robert John Nettleton Devoy is an Irish geographer. He is an emeritus professor of geography at University College Cork and was formerly a lead member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

## Education

Devoy studied at Durham University. His doctoral work, an analysis of sea-level changes and land subsidence on the Thames Estuary, was completed at Cambridge in 1977. His research interests lie primarily in coastal science, including contemporary coastal processes and coastal management.

## Career and research

Devoy moved to Cork to continue his research after graduating from Cambridge. In 1984 he was a visiting researcher at the University of Delaware and subsequently served as a visiting research fellow in Geomorphology at the Australian National University in 1987, and as a research fellow at the University of Sydney in 1990 and again from 1992 to 1993. From 1992 he was the founding director of the Coastal and Marine Research Centre (CMRC) at University College Cork, working there until 2002.
More recently Devoy has concentrated on researching the implications of climate change on coastal erosion and water dynamics. He was a lead author on the 4th IPCC Assessment Report, which led to the IPCC being awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. He went on to serve as a reviewer for the 5th Report published in 2014.
In 2015 he suggested it would cost at least €5bn to properly protect Ireland's largest cities and critical areas of the coastline. 2 years later he publicly criticized Cork flood defense plans, accusing the proposed scheme of being too reliant on an outdated study and not taking the threat of tidal flooding seriously enough.
# Consolación (hamlet)

Consolación is a hamlet (pedanía) in the municipal term of Valdepeñas. It is located 11 km north of the town, at the intersection between Autovía A-4 (Autovia del Sur) and road CR-5214. The village was built by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización in 1949 and its streets are arranged in a geometrical pattern characteristic of those settlements. Its former name was Villanueva de Franco, after General Franco. According to the 2006 census of the INE, the village has a population of 223 inhabitants.
# Kamal Roy

Kamal Roy is a Bollywood actress who acted in over 60 films in the 70s. Her final performance was in teen moti (1995) as the main villain.
Kamal started out as a junior artist in 1970 and appeared in a series of small roles. Her breakthrough came with her performance in Bobby (1973) as one of the friends of the hero. After that she had supporting roles in other films with the Kapoor brothers like Manoranjan (1974), Ponga Pandit (1975) and Aap Beati (1976). She was also frequently seen in the bed of villains like Madan Puri in numerous films. One of her biggest roles came when she played Devi Maa Lakshmi in Bhagwan Samaye Sansar Mein (1976). She subsequently left the movie industry and the last of her 70s films was released in 1978.
Except for the delayed release film The Gold Medal in 1984, Veerana was her only film in the 80s.
# Orsenigo, Lombardy

Orsenigo (Brianzöö: Ursenìgh) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Milan and about 9 km (6 mi) southeast of Como.
Orsenigo borders the following municipalities: Albavilla, Albese con Cassano, Alserio, Alzate Brianza, Anzano del Parco, Cantù, Capiago Intimiano, Montorfano.