# John FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Upper Ossory

John FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Upper Ossory FRS DL (2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1745 – 13 February 1818), styled Lord Gowran from 1751–8, was an Anglo-Irish peer, soldier, and member of parliament.

## Early life

Hon. John FitzPatrick was born in 1745 at his family's home in Berkeley Square, Mayfair, the eldest son of John FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Gowran, and Lady Evelyn (née Leveson-Gower, pronounced Lewson Gore; daughter of John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower). He had a younger brother Richard, who also became a noted statesman and soldier, and two younger sisters, Lady Mary and Lady Louisa.
Her father was created Earl of Upper Ossory in 1751 but died in 1758, at which point the teenager succeeded to his father's titles of Earl of Upper Ossory and Baron Gowran. As there were both titles in the Irish peerage, he was not entitled to a seat in the British House of Lords.
His mother remarried to politician Richard Vernon and had at least two more children with him.

## Career

In 1767, FitzPatrick was elected to the House of Commons for Bedfordshire, a seat he held until 1794.
He was also Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire from 1771 to 1818. He had been appointed a captain in the Bedfordshire Militia when it was reformed in 1760 during the Seven Years' War, and assumed the colonelcy of the disembodied regiment when he became Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire. The regiment was embodied again for home defence during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary War. He gave up the colonelcy on 25 June 1795 while remaining lord lieutenant.
In 1794, he was given the title of Baron Upper Ossory, of Ampthill in the County of Bedford, in the Peerage of Great Britain, which gave him a seat in the House of Lords.
In 1763, Fitzpatrick was in Italy with the bibliophile Topham Beauclerk, where he bought old-master paintings and commissioned paintings from Gavin Hamilton. His is also thought to have been a patron of John Higton, given his depiction of Dogs at Ampthill Park in 1810.

## Personal life

Like his younger brother Richard, Ossory was a friend of Charles James Fox, whilst their half-sister Lady Mary FitzPatrick (1747–1778) had married Fox's older brother Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland (1745–1774). As such, Fitzpatrick became a father figure to his nephew Henry Vassall-Fox (1773–1740) on the death of his parents when he was young.
While in Europe in the early 1763, Ossory met Horace Walpole, who in 1766 introduced him to the unhappily married Anne FitzRoy, Duchess of Grafton, the wife of the philandering Augustus Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (who fathered 16 illegitimate children in his lifetime). They began an affair while she was separated from Grafton, who had begun a public affair with Anne Parsons, a courtesan, in 1764, and had separated from his wife in January 1765.
In August 1768, the Duchess of Grafton gave birth to Ossory's daughter, also named Anne. The Duke of Grafton, who that fall assumed the role of Prime Minister, sued her for divorce on the grounds of adultery. They were divorced by Act of Parliament in 1769, and she married Ossory that same year, three days after Grafton married Elizabeth Wrottesley. Wrottesley was ironically Ossory's cousin, the daughter of his aunt Lady Mary Leveson-Gower and Sir Richard Wrottesley, 7th Baronet.
They had one more surviving daughter, Lady Gertrude, in 1774, and lived at Ampthill Park. As divorcées were not allowed in the Royal Court, the Countess of Upper Ossory rarely went to London and lived a quiet life at Ampthill. She died at Ampthill in 1804.
After her death, had two surviving illegitimate children with an Elizabeth Wilson in London. The earl died in February 1818, aged 72, when both baronies and the earldom became extinct.
Some of his estates in England, including Ampthill Park, were inherited by his nephew Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland.
His illegitimate children were raised at Ampthill under the guardianship of Holland and their half-sisters, Lady Anne and Lady Gertrude. They both inherited considerable estates and became peers. His son, John, inherited his estates in Ireland and adopted the FitzPatrick surname in 1841. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Castletown in 1869.
His daughter Emma Mary inherited his estates at Fermyn Woods, Lyvedon, and Grafton. In 1823, she married Robert Vernon, the grandson of Ossory's stepfather. In 1859, Robert Vernon was raised to the peerage as Baron Lyveden.

### Issue

Ossory had three daughters with Anne Liddell:
* Lady Anne Fitzpatrick (23 August 1768 – 14 December 1841), legitimised by her parents' marriage in March 1769
* Lady Mary (born 24 February 1770), died as an infant
* Lady Gertrude Fitzpatrick (7 August 1774 – 30 September 1841)
He had three illegitimate children with Elizabeth Wilson, who were all baptised by Rev. Dr. Luke Heslop on 28 February 1813 at St Marylebone Parish Church.
* Emma Mary Wilson (5 April 1806 – 25 September 1882), who married in 1823 Robert Vernon Smith
* John Wilson (later FitzPatrick; 1807/9–1883), raised to the peerage in 1869 as Baron Castletown
* Richard Wilson (21 November 1810 – after 1818), died young