OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tissamaharama

Tissamaharama (Sinhala: තිස්සමහාරාමය, Tamil: திஸ்ஸமஹாராம) is a town in Hambantota District, Southern Province, Sri Lanka.

## History

It was the capital of the Kingdom of Ruhuna as early as the 3rd century B.C. Few buildings from that period survived. The presence of early Tamils in Tissamaharama was confirmed following archaeological excavations in 2010. The Tissamaharama Tamil Brahmi inscription, a fragment of black and red ware flat dish inscribed in Tamil in the Tamil Brahmi script was excavated at the earliest layer in the town.
The large, artificial Tissa Wewa lake, which was a part of an irrigation system, dates from that time. The five main nearby lakes are Tissa Wewa; Yoda Wewa; Weerawila Wewa; Pannegamuwa Wewa; and Debarawewa Wewa.
The town mainly serves as a starting point for visits to Yala National Park and Kataragama.

## Archaeology

The archaeological excavations brought to light earliest urban phase in the 4th century BC. Fired bricks, Buddhist saddle querns, a potsherd with triangular sail (excavated from the layer of 1st century BC but on stylistic grounds were assigned to 3rd century BC), a hospital from 1st century AD-2nd century AD, (the earliest in south Asia), stone paved streets with drains and water channels dated before the Common Era, roof tiles, houses with plastered exterior etc. A Tissamaharama potsherd with alleged Tamil Brahmi inscription was unearthed, however the scripts revealed a unique language.
# Hamza Abdullahi

Hamza Abdullahi (2 March 1945 – 3 January 2019) was a Nigerian statesman and military administrator who served as Governor of Kano State from 1984 to 1985; and Minister of the Federal Capital Territory from 1986 to 1989.

## Early life

Hamza Abdullahi was born in Hadejia (now in Jigawa State) and was educated in Kano.

## Military career

He joined the Nigeria Air Force in 1964, and attended the Nigeria Air Force Tactical Training Wing in Kaduna. From 1964 to 1966, he completed the Aircraft Technical Officer's Course in West Germany, and later took part in the Nigerian Civil War effort. After the war, he was the Air Provost Marshal, Air Provost Group from 1971 to 1980; and also attended the Royal Military Police Training Centre in Chichester in 1974. He participated in the 1975 military coup d'état which brought General Murtala Mohammed to power; and from 1980 to 1984 was the Group Commander, Ground Training Group in Kaduna.

## Military governor

Following the 1983 military coup d'état, the military head of state General Muhamadu Buhari appointed Hamza Abdullahi military Governor of Kano State (now Kano State and Jigawa State) in January 1984. His administration was tasked by the Federal Military Government to implement the War Against Indiscipline campaign in Kano State, which was flagged off by General Tunde Idiagbon. As military governor, Hamza Abdullahi later took part in the 1985 military coup d'état which brought General Ibrahim Babangida to power.

## Federal minister

In September 1985, he was appointed Minister of Works and Housing. In this role he oversaw the construction of the Abuja-Kaduna-Kano dual carriage road. In 1986, following the General Mamman Vatsa abortive coup, Hamza Abdullahi was appointed Minister of the Federal Capital Territory and a member of the ruling Armed Forces Ruling Council.
He was ordered to ensure the successful relocation of the seat of government from Lagos to Abuja. His goal was to have 75% of the ministries in Abuja by 1990, the target date for the official relocation of the capital from Lagos. During his tenure, he oversaw the construction of Phase 1: with the main districts of Maitama and Asokoro and several federal monuments including the city gate; the Aso Rock Presidential Villa and the military barracks.

## Later life

In October 1988, he was promoted to Air Vice Marshal the third highest rank in the Nigerian Air Force, and retired two months later. In retirement, he lived a private life – and was a director at Julius Berger, a German construction and engineering company; Dantata and Sawoe Construction Company Limited, a Nigerian-German construction company. He was widely respected for his military professionalism and disciplinary pedigree, he was an associate and close friend of General Ibrahim Babangida.

## Death

He died on 3 January 2019, in a German hospital after a protracted illness.
# Changan Ruixing M80

The Changan Ruixing M80 is a MPV produced by Changan Automobile from 2013 under the Kaicene sub-brand. The official English name of Ruixing was later changed to Raesor. A smaller variant was launched in 2019 called the M60, positioned below the M80.

## Overview

The Ruixing M80 debuted in October 2013 and was launched on the Chinese auto market with prices ranging from 57,200 yuan to 71,100 yuan for the 2018 model year.
The Ruixing M80 is available in 7-seater, 9-seater and a 10-seater configurations. The power of the Ruixing M80 comes from a Mitsubishi-sourced 4G15S 1.5 liter four-cylinder petrol engine producing 74.8 kW and 126.6 nm of torque, mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox.
The Ruixing M80 is manufactured by Chana, Changan's commercial division, also later known as Oushang. As of 2019, the Ruixing van products has been excluded from Oushang's official website and was sold separately from a different channel.

## Ruixing EM80

The Ruixing EM80 is the electric version of the Ruixing M80 built on the same platform as the M80. The EM80 is equipped with a 48.4kWh battery and a rear located electric motor capable of producing 60 kW and 200 nm of torque. Prices of the Ruixing EM80 ranges from 96,800 yuan to 98,800 yuan.

## Ruixing M60

The Ruixing M60 is the smaller version of the M80, and was officially listed in early June 2019. The positioning is lower than the Ruixing M80 and the main market is city logistics and rural passenger transport.

### Overview

The Ruixing M60 offers for four models, including 7-seat and 6-seat passenger variants, as well as 2-seat and 5-seat cargo variants. The four models offered are all powered by 1.5 liter engines.
The Ruixing M60 is powered by a 1.5 liter engine code-named 4G15S, with a maximum power output of 80 kW (107 hp) and a peak torque of 131N·m which meets the CN-5 emission standards, or a 1.5 liter engine code-named DAM15KR, with a maximum power output of 85 kW (114 hp), the peak torque is 150 N·m to meet CN-6 emission standards.
In terms of transmission, the 1.5 liter engines of the Ruixing M60 is mated with a 5-speed manual transmission and adopts a mid-mounted rear drive layout. In terms of chassis, Ruixing M60 comes standard with electric power steering, front disc brakes and rear drum brakes, ABS+EBD, front McPherson independent and rear five-plate spring-type non-independent suspension.
* Ruixing M60 (rear)
* Ruixing M60 with barn doors(rear)
# Bahariasauridae

Bahariasauridae is a potential family of averostran theropods that might include a handful of African and South American genera, such as Aoniraptor, Bahariasaurus, Deltadromeus, and Gualicho. The placement of these theropods is controversial, with some studies placing them as basal ceratosaurs possibly related to Noasauridae (which they may also include the otherwise noasaurid subfamily Elaphrosaurinae), others classifying them as megaraptorans, basal neovenatorids, or basal coelurosaurs. There is also a possibility the group might not be monophyletic, as a monograph on the vertebrate diversity in the Kem Kem Beds published in 2020 found Bahariasaurus to be nomen dubium. In the same paper Deltadromeus is classified as an noasaurid, a result also recovered by some previous studies. A 2024 phylogenetic analysis found Aoniraptor, Bahariasaurus, Deltadromeus, and Gualicho to form a monophyletic clade as the sister taxon to Elaphrosaurus near the base of Ceratosauria.
# Bovisio-Masciago

Bovisio-Masciago (Brianzoeu: Bovis-Masciagh), is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Milan.

## Geography

Bovisio Masciago is located in the Po Valley, the foothills of the nearby hills of Brianza. It is a few kilometers from Milan (easily accessible thanks to the Northern Railways of Milan), Como, Saronno and Monza. The city is crossed from north to south by the River Seveso. Bovisio is one of the 16 municipalities of the Park and one of three common Groane Oasis LIPU (Italian League for Bird Protection) of Cesano Maderno.

## History
### Name

Bovisio Masciago arose in 1928, when the king of Italy Victor Emmanuel III, after consulting Italian Minister of the Interior Benito Mussolini, fused Bovisio and Masciago Milanese. The village was called "Bovisio", but people of Masciago protested; so, in 1947, the municipality was called Bovisio Masciago.

### Bovisio

The name Bovisio should come from the Latin bovis otium and would like to show that in this place the Roman army took the supplies and animals. The confirmation of the Roman origins of Bovisio occurred in 1935 when it was discovered in its territory, a Gallo-Roman tomb containing various household items.

### Masciago

The name of Masciago also has Latin origin and should be derived from Martis ager (Field of Mars) and would indicate that the location, the Roman era, had been a military camp.

## Economy

Formerly the main economic activity was agricultural, with many of the families engaged in the silkworm. Since the 19th century the industrial sector gradually developed. One of the most important industries in Bovisio was that of the Zari family, whose activities started in 1867. The company produced wooden floors and furniture and sewing machines. During World War I, Zari turned into a war industry producing wooden casings for aircraft.
Other industries present at Bovisio included:
* Golden Auction Limited Company
* L.I.G.A. (Italian Rubber Processing and Related)
* S.A.R.A. (Anonymous Society of Bovisio Weaving)
* Cork Marangoni & C. (founded in 1882, was one of the largest cork in Europe)
* Furnace Solcia.
Currently none of these industries is active. The furnace and many of the old warehouses have been demolished. Some sheds still house small artisan firms, but there are plans to redevelop their total demolition of the old town.

## Main sights

* Parish church of St. Pancrazio
* Ancient church of St. Martin Vescovo
* The parish church of St. Martin
* Villa Erba Odescalchi-Scotti (now Town Hall)
* Villa Sonzoni-Mariani-Compostela
* Villa Tanzi
* Villa Zari
* Villa Agnesi-Mariani-Radix-Ditches
* Villa Crofs

## People

* Anselm IV (1097), Archbishop of Milan
* Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718), linguist, mathematician and philosopher
* Luigi Maria Monti (1825), Blessed
* Franco Giorgetti (1902), cyclist and Olympic Champion,
* Alessandra Fossati (1963), high jumper
# Akebar

Akebar is a township and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, about eight miles south of Richmond. It consists of a caravan site, as well as several farm houses, a public house and folly. The civil parish as a whole consists of several farm houses. At the 2011 Census the population was less than 100. Information regarding the combined statistics can be found in the parish of Finghall.

## History

The name of Akebar is Danish in origin and is one of Yorkshire's lost villages. It was a village settlement even before the Viking invasion when James the Deacon, a disciple of St. Paulinus, established an early church at Akebar in the 7th century AD. The present church of St. Andrew, on the edge of the park, was built in the 11th century on the position of the first church. It is still an active and well loved church.
The township of Akebar was mentioned in the records of Jervaulx Abbey in 1290. It remained a grange farm for Jervaulx, a daughter monastery of the Cistercian Order at Fountains Abbey, until the dissolution of the monasteries around 1530. The Abbot and Monks of Jervaulx were well known for their excellent cheese, named Wensleydale, and famous for the breeding of horses of exceptional quality and bravery. It is recorded that a large number of their brood mares were kept at the grange farms at Akebar.

## Akebar Park

Akebar Park is a caravan park located in Yorkshire county. The park contains an 18 hole golf course. The park is planning to remove nine holes from its golf course to provide land for 27 holiday homes.
# Frank Smith (rugby union)

Francis Bede Smith (28 February 1886 – 29 October 1954) was an Australian rugby union player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. Smith, a centre, was born in Wellington, New South Wales and claimed a total of 4 international rugby caps for Australia. His debut game was against New Zealand at Dunedin on 2 September 1905.
He was a member of the Australian rugby union team, which won the gold medal.
# Hemmatabad

Hemmatabad (Persian: همت اباد) is a city in, and the capital of, Taghenkuh District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Taghenkuh-e Shomali Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, Hemmatabad's population was 1,264 in 345 households, when it was a village in Taghenkuh-e Shomali Rural District of Nishapur County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,434 people in 364 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Takht-e Jolgeh County. In addition, Hemmatabad had been elevated to the status of a city. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,274 people in 377 households.
# South Carolina Highway 177

South Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a 7.820-mile (12.585 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina.

## Route description

SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line.

## History

The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since.
Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S. Route 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176.

### South Carolina Highway 77

South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 98 from Wallace to the North Carolina state line. In 1960, this became SC 177.
Another SC 77 reappeared only appeared on South Carolina official maps in 1981-1982 as a proposed segment of Interstate 77 (I-77) from US 76/US 378 to I-20. When the freeway eventually opened, it was simply labeled as I-77.

### South Carolina Highway 664

South Carolina Highway 664 (SC 664) was established in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary routing between SC 177 and US 176. In 1948, it was renumbered to SC 177.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Marlboro County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Wallace | 0.000 | 0.000 | SC 9 – Bennettsville, Cheraw | Southern terminus |
| ​ | 7.820 | 12.585 | NC 177 north – Hamlet | Continuation into North Carolina |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Cinisello Balsamo

Cinisello Balsamo (Italian pronunciation:; Lombard: Cinisell Balsom) is a comune (municipality) of about 75,200 inhabitants in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Italian region of Lombardy, about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Milan city center.
Cinisello Balsamo borders the following municipalities: Monza, Muggiò, Nova Milanese, Paderno Dugnano, Cusano Milanino, Sesto San Giovanni, Bresso.
The current comune was formed in 1928 by the union of Cinisello and Balsamo, and received the honorary title of city through a presidential decree on 17 October 1972.

## History

Until the late 1920s, Cinisello and Balsamo were two separate municipalities. By royal decree, on 13 September 1928 a merger was arranged to form the current commune.
As a symbol, the emblem of the city now encompasses those of the two municipalities merged: the emblem of the pastoral and the sword on a red field in fact belongs to Balsamo, the rampant crowned lion on a blue field belongs to Cinisello.

## Name

Cinisello (from the Latin cinis, "Ashes", through cinixellum, indicating the fertility of the land from the ashen color, but traditional, though not exactly confirmed - even if you have found Roman remains in the area - is the theory that "Cinisello" comes from "Cinis Aelii", "Ash of Aelius", a Roman gens had here, probably, a branch of the Imperial Age) is the western part of the city.
In another theory (also not exactly confirmed) resulting from studies done in the Historical Archive of Arms would be that both Cini, both Sello, were ancient and noble Houses from Trentino who settled in the area, providing their names to the same, which were decorated with the title of nobility with special merit achieved for works done in favor of the Fatherland. Balsamo (perhaps "the balsam tree", but it might just be the surname of a noble family and elders of the town in the Middle Ages) is the eastern half.

## Main sights

* Church of Sant'Ambrogio (17th century) in Cinisello
* Small church of Sant'Eusebio, dating from Lombard times
* Shrine of St. Martin Bishop (16th century)
* Church of San Martino (16th century) in Balsamo
* Villa Ghirlanda Silva Cipelletti (16th century) with one of the first Landscape garden in Italy, designed by count Ercole Silva in the early of 19th century
* Piazza Gramsci, the main square of Cinisello, overlooked by the Church of Sant'Ambrogio and Villa Arconati
* Church of Saint Pio X (1958)
* Church of Saint Joseph worker (1957)
* Church of Saint Peter (1968)
* Church of Sacred Family (1965)
* Church of Santa Margherita (1961)
* Church of San Bernardino

## People

* Carino of Balsamo (? – 1293), beatified Dominican lay brother
* Carlo Oriani (1888), cyclist
* Valerio Ruggeri (1934), voice actor
* Ernesto Castano (1939), footballer
* Pierino Prati (1946), footballer and coach
* Gaetano Scirea (1953), footballer and coach
* Marco Veronese (1976), footballer and coach
* Roberto Cammarelle (1980), boxer
* Sfera Ebbasta (1992), rapper
* Luciano Spinelli (2000), actor and Internet personality

## International relations

Cinisello Balsamo is twinned with:
* Mazzarino, Italy
# Crystallized (song)

"Crystallized" is a song by American alternative rock band Young the Giant. On December 10, 2013, it was released as the second single from the band's second studio album, Mind over Matter. The song debuted at number 27 on the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart.
A music video for the song, directed by Elliott Sellers, was released onto YouTube on December 8, 2013.

## Charts

| Chart (2013–2014) | Peak position |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 27 |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 35 |
# Vankanasika Tissa

Vankanasika Tissa (Sinhala: වංකනාසික තිස්ස, lit. 'crooked-nose Tissa',), also known as Vakunaha Tiss (Sinhala: වකුනැහැ තිස්,), was the second King of Anuradhapura from the House of Lambakanna I. He ruled from 111 to 113 AD. He was preceded by his father, Vasabha and succeeded by his son, Gajabahu I.
During his reign time, two local rulers were sons of King Vasabha called Dutaga and Uttara ruled the current Tammannava and Monaragala area respectively. This was stated in inscriptions found in Tammannava and Habessa.
During his ruling period, Chola King Karikala Chola invaded the island and took away 12000 Sinhalese men to work as slaves to construct the great Kaveri Dam.

## Constructions

He built Mangla Maha Viharaya on Kadigala hill located on the banks of Kala Oya (Gona Nadi). As well as it was said his consort Mahamatta collected money for a vihara to the remembrance of the gratitude for a thero who was done a great help to her.

## Myths of the Queen of Vankanasika Tissa

King Subharaja was the father of the Queen. Because he was terrified of a prophecy, he entrusted his daughter to a bricklayer while retaining his royal mantle and insignia. The bricklayer took the princess into his home and raised her as his daughter. When that girl became a maiden, she met a man who was meditating (Nirodha's seventh state) on a flower bed. Then she gives food (alms) and prepares food again to take to her father. When the father inquired about the reason for the delay, the daughter replied that she had given food to a thero. Then, father was overjoyed and instructed her to feed thero every day. One day, while in a trance, he saw this maiden and said, "You are a lucky girl. Remember my assistance when you reach a high point ". Thero died as a result of this. At the time, King Vasabha was looking for a wife for his son, and one day the people who were sent on that duty saw this maiden and gave information about her with auspicious signs. The king then sends people to the village of bricklayers, where the bricklayer reveals his daughter's true identity while presenting the royal mantle and insignia to the king. The king was overjoyed and married his son to this maiden.
# Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851

The Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 is an institution founded in 1850 to administer the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, which was held in The Crystal Palace, London.
The founding President of the Commission was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and its chief administrator was Henry Cole. The current President is Anne, Princess Royal.
The exhibition was a popular and financial success, with a surplus of £186,000 (equivalent to £25,720,000 in 2023). An unusual decision was made to maintain the Royal Commission as a permanent administrative body and to use the profits for charitable purposes. Its revised charter charged the commission with "increasing the means of industrial education, and extending the influence of science and art upon productive industry".

## South Kensington

The commission invested the profits from the 1851 Exhibition in the purchase of 86 acres (350,000 m$^2$) of land in South Kensington. The area was then developed as a centre for educational and cultural institutions, often known as "Albertopolis". These include:
* Imperial College
* the Natural History Museum
* the Royal Albert Hall
* the Royal College of Art
* the Royal College of Music
* the Science Museum
* the Victoria and Albert Museum
The commission's headquarters are in Imperial College.
Since 1891 the role of the commission has been to provide postgraduate scholarships for students to study in Britain and abroad. Former recipients of scholarships include 13 Nobel Prize laureates.
The commission currently has capital assets of more than £76 million and makes charitable disbursement of more than £2 million a year.
# 2003 in Ecuadorian football

The 2003 season is the 81st season of competitive football in Ecuador.

## National leagues
### Serie A

* Champion: LDU Quito (7th title)
* International cup qualifiers:
** 2004 Copa Libertadores: LDU Quito, Barcelona, El Nacional
** 2004 Copa Sudamericana: LDU Quito, Barcelona
* Relegated: Técnico Universitario, Manta

### Serie B

* Winner: Olmedo (2nd title)
* Promoted: Olmedo, Macará
* Relegated: Esmeraldas Petrolero, UDJ Quinindé

### Segunda

* Winner: LDU Loja
* Promoted: LDU Loja, LDU Portoviejo

## Clubs in international competitions

| Team | 2003 Copa Libertadores | 2003 Copa Sudamericana |
| Barcelona | Eliminated in the First Stage | Eliminated in the Preliminary Stage |
| El Nacional | Eliminated in the First Stage | N/A |
| Emelec | Eliminated in the First Stage | N/A |
| LDU Quito | N/A | Eliminated in the Preliminary Stage |

## National teams
### Senior team

The Ecuador national team played ten matches in 2003: four 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, and six friendlies.

#### 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers

Qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup began in 2003.