OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New York State Route 458

New York State Route 458 (NY 458) is a state highway in the North Country of New York in the United States. It extends for 24.42 miles (39.30 km) from an intersection with NY 11B in the St. Lawrence County town of Hopkinton to a junction with NY 30 in the Franklin County town of Brighton. The route follows a generally northwest–southeast alignment between the two points, serving only small hamlets as it crosses an otherwise rural area of the North Country. NY 458 was assigned on July 1, 1972 to the former routing of NY 72 east of the Hopkinton hamlet of Nicholville. Prior to being signed as part of NY 72 in 1930, it was designated as part of NY 56 in the 1920s.

## Route description

NY 458 begins at a junction with NY 11B in Hopkinton at the western fringe of the Lawrence hamlet of Nicholville. The route heads southeast, loosely paralleling the St. Regis River as it proceeds through rural eastern St. Lawrence County. After 3.5 miles (5.6 km), it passes into both the Franklin County town of Waverly and Adirondack Park.
Now within the park boundaries, NY 458 crosses over the Lake Ozonia Outlet on its way eastward to the hamlet of St. Regis Falls, the largest community on the entire route. The route crosses the St. Regis River twice and intersects County Route 5 (CR 5), a connector to the hamlet of Moira 10 miles (16 km) to the north, within St. Regis Falls. At the junction with CR 5, here named North Main Street but known as Moira–St. Regis Falls Road north of Adirondack Park, the highway turns south to follow South Main Street out of the community.
NY 458 continues southeast through Waverly to the hamlet known as Santa Clara in the town of the same name. The route heads through the hamlet and over the St. Regis for the final time as it approaches Goodnow Mountain, a peak rising roughly 1,960 feet (600 m) above sea level. Instead of traversing the mountain, the highway bypasses it to the south. East of the peak, NY 458 turns southeast and begins to parallel the east branch of the St. Regis River. This pairing remains intact through the towns of Santa Clara and Duane to Brighton, where NY 458 ends at NY 30.

## History

The entirety of modern NY 458 was originally designated as part of NY 56, a route extending from Massena to Brighton via Winthrop and Nicholville, in the mid-1920s. NY 56 was realigned in 1927 to continue west from Nicholville to a new terminus in Potsdam. In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, NY 56 was renumbered to NY 72. The portion of NY 72 east of Nicholville remained unchanged until July 1, 1972 when NY 72 was truncated to its current eastern terminus in Hopkinton. The former routing of NY 72 from Nicholville to Brighton was renumbered to NY 458.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| St. Lawrence | Hopkinton | 0.00 | 0.00 | NY 11B – Potsdam, Malone | Western terminus; hamlet of Nicholville |
| Franklin | Waverly | 7.54 | 12.13 | CR 5 (North Main Street) – Moira | Hamlet of St. Regis Falls |
| Franklin | Duane–Brighton town line | 24.42 | 39.30 | NY 30 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Victorian headless portrait

Victorian headless portraits were a fad in Britain in the late 19th century. In the photographs, the model's head appears separated from the body; often the sitter holds it in their own hands. Although this genre is called headless portraiture, it is the head that is always present in the photograph, and the body may be absent.
An early example of the genre is photographer Oscar Gustave Rejlander's Head of St. John the Baptist in a Charger, a print made by combining two different negatives. The photograph dates from somewhen between 1855 and 1860. Photographer Henry Peach Robinson described Reilander's insistence on finding a model for John the Baptist saying that "Rejlander saw his head on the shoulders of a gentleman in the town. …The curious thing is, that he did not so much see the modern gentleman as always the picture which the head suggested. It was some months before the artist ventured to ask the model to lend his head … and years before he obtained his consent."
Many later photographers created similar images of men and women with severed heads, depicted held in their hands, laid on a platter or held aloft by the hair. Often in the other hand, the sitter carries the weapon of their own murder. The demand for such photographs was so high that many Victorian photographers openly advertised this particular type of photography.
The most prolific photographer in this genre was British photographer Samuel Kay Balbirnie, who ran advertisements in the Brighton Daily News offering "HEADLESS PHOTOGRAPHS - Ladies and Gentlemen taken showing their heads floating in the air or in their laps."

## Gallery

* Unknown photographer, 1890. Headless boy portrait.
* Charles William Allen (1818-1889), Canterbury. Headless portrait, 1880s.
* Unknown photographer, UK. Headless woman, 1900.
* Unknown photographer (France). A bearded man holds his severed head in his hand, 1899.
* William Robert Bowles (1861-1918). Servant serving his head on a plate, circa 1900
# Maćkowa Ruda, Gmina Krasnopol

Maćkowa Ruda, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasnopol, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Krasnopol, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Sejny, and 104 km (65 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
From 1975-1998 the village was administratively governed by the Suwałki Voivodeship.
The faithful of the Roman Catholic Church belong to the parish of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Wigry

## History

In 1827 it was recorded that the population of the village numbered at 187 and 31 homes and in 1884 it was numbered at 397 people and 44 homes.
# New York State Route 787

New York State Route 787 (NY 787), known locally as Cohoes Boulevard, is a state highway in Albany County, New York, in the United States. It is a northern extension of Interstate 787 (I-787), continuing northward from the underpass at NY 7 near Green Island to downtown Cohoes at NY 32. For its entire length, NY 787 runs parallel to, and between, NY 32 and the Hudson River.

## Route description

NY 787 begins at the partial cloverleaf interchange connecting NY 7 to I-787, the continuation of NY 787 south of NY 7, near Green Island. NY 787 begins as a four-lane freeway as it lowers to grade level a small distance north of the I-787/NY 7 interchange. Near the Green Island-Cohoes city line, NY 787 becomes a four-lane boulevard and intersects Tibbits Avenue, the first in a series of local streets connecting NY 787 to NY 32, which NY 787 parallels as it heads northward through Cohoes.
After intersections with Dyke Avenue and Bridge Avenue (the latter leading to lower Van Schaick Island) on the western bank of the Hudson River, NY 787 intersects NY 470, an east–west route linking Cohoes to northern Troy via upper Van Schaick Island. Past NY 470, NY 787 curves to the northwest and immediately intersects NY 32. Although NY 787 terminates here, New Courtland Street (later named North Mohawk Street and Cohoes Crescent Road) continues northwest from the intersection along the Mohawk River to U.S. Route 9 in Colonie, just south of the hamlet of Crescent, in Saratoga County.
Along NY 787, markers continue from those of I-787, without interruption. At the beginning of NY 787, some reference markers have the letter "I" along the top (route) row. The markers continue from those of I-787 and the control segments thereof.

## History

The southernmost section of NY 787 was originally built in the early 1970s as part of I-787. At the time, the highway ended at a junction with Arch Street. It was extended north to Tibbits Avenue in the early 1980s and to NY 470 by 1990, at which time the portion of the I-787 freeway north of NY 7 was designated as NY 787. The short connector between NY 470 and NY 32 was completed by the following year.

## Major intersections

Mileposts are a northern continuation of mileposts from I-787. The entire route is in Albany County.
| Location | mi | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
| Town of Colonie | 9.55 | 15.37 | | I-787 south – Albany | Continuation south |
| Town of Colonie | 9.55 | 15.37 | 9 | NY 7 to I-87 – Schenectady, Saratoga Springs, Troy, Bennington | Signed as exits 9E (east) and 9W (west) |
| Town of Colonie | 10.31 | 16.59 | Northern end of freeway section | Northern end of freeway section | Northern end of freeway section |
| Town of Colonie | 10.31 | 16.59 | | Tibbits Avenue – Maplewood, Green Island | |
| Cohoes | 11.99 | 19.30 | | NY 470 – Troy | |
| Cohoes | 12.11 | 19.49 | | NY 32 – Waterford | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Michnowce

Michnowce, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasnopol, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Krasnopol, 6 km (4 mi) west of Sejny, and 112 km (70 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
From 1975-1998 the village was administratively governed by the Suwałki Voivodeship.

## History

In 1827 it was recorded that the population of the village numbered at 89 and 8 homes and in 1885 it was numbered at 143 people and 11 homes.
# New York State Route 9X

New York State Route 9X (NY 9X) was a 1.83-mile-long (2.95 km) state highway located within New York City. It served as an alternate route of U.S. Route 9 (US 9) through Manhattan and the Bronx. The southern terminus of the route was in the Manhattan neighborhood of Inwood; its northern terminus was in the Bronx neighborhood of Kingsbridge. NY 9X was assigned in April 1935; however, the road had been signed as a numbered highway since 1934. The designation was removed entirely in the 1940s.

## Route description

NY 9X began at the intersection of West 207th Street and Broadway (US 9) in the Manhattan neighborhood of Inwood. The route headed to the southeast, following 207th Street for five blocks through Inwood prior to crossing over the Harlem River on the University Heights Bridge. On the opposite side of the river in the Bronx, within the community of University Heights, NY 9X became Fordham Road and continued east to a junction with Sedgwick Avenue. While Fordham Road continued on to meet US 1, located just three blocks to the east, NY 9X turned north to follow Sedgwick Avenue along the Harlem River.
The route changed streets again just two blocks later as it veered onto Bailey Avenue, another north–south street that continued Sedgwick Avenue's course along the riverside. NY 9X proceeded north along the Harlem River to the Kingsbridge neighborhood, where the river turned westward to delimit the northern edge of Manhattan. The route remained on a northward course until West 230th Street, where it turned west for one block to rejoin US 9 at an intersection with Broadway. NY 9X ended at this point, located just 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of where the route began in Inwood.

## History

Although US 9 was signed in the state of New York in 1927, it, like all other routes within the New York City limits, was not signed within the city until 1934. In mid-December of that year, US 9, as well as several other routes that passed through the city limits (such as US 1), were posted in New York City for the first time. Several routes were also extended into the city or created within the city limits, including US 9X, an alternate route of US 9 through northern Manhattan and the lower Bronx along 207th Street, Bailey Avenue, and 230th Street. Although the termini of the route never changed, it was redesignated as NY 9X in April 1935, before being removed completely in the 1940s.

## Major intersections

| Borough | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Manhattan | Inwood | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 9 (Broadway) | |
| The Bronx | University Heights | 0.84 | 1.35 | West Fordham Road | Connection to US 1 three blocks east |
| The Bronx | Kingsbridge | 1.83 | 2.95 | US 9 (Broadway) | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Alba Encarnación

Alba Nidia "Miss Pupa" Encarnación Ayala (2 February 1956 – 11 March 2012) was a sixth-grade public school teacher and community leader in Vieques, Puerto Rico. A devoted Catholic, she always put God first; and that was her foundation, passion and strength for living a life of service to others. She advocated for the rights of the people of Vieques and Puerto Rico in general. She was the voice for better Maritime Transportation and health services which are crucial for the people of Vieques, Women's rights, the poor and the outcast; fought against prejudice, racism and injustice. She also helped lead the movement to end U.S. Navy bombings in the island-municipality and have the lands expropriated by the Navy in the 1940s returned to civilian use. She died on 11 March 2012 in the hospital del Maestro in Vieques, due to complications of diabetes.
Contrary to most leaders in the fight against the use of Vieques lands as a target range and amphibious landing training grounds for Naval and U.S. Marine forces, Encarnación was a supporter of statehood for Puerto Rico, and was highly respected by Puerto Ricans from all political ideologies. In 2008, during a visit by Chelsea Clinton to Vieques, Encarnación, along with then mayor Dámaso Serrano endorsed Hillary Clinton for president and was instrumental in the New York senator's 66% to 34% win over Barack Obama in Vieques. Puerto Rican Independence Party President Rubén Berríos stated that "Puerto Rico lost one of the most prominent leaders and spokespersons in the fight against the Navy on the island of Vieques"
In her honor, Governor Luis G. Fortuño ordered all United States and Puerto Rico flags to fly at half-staff at all public facilities in Puerto Rico on the day of her burial. House Speaker Jenniffer González announced that one of the Maritime Transportation Authority vessels would be named after the late community leader.
# North Carolina Highway 100

North Carolina Highway 100 (NC 100) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The route travels between Whitsett and Burlington, connecting the cities of Gibsonville and Elon.

## Route description

NC 100 is an urban highway that begins at U.S. Route 70 (US 70) in Whitsett. Going northeast, it overlaps with NC 61 until Gibsonville, then goes east into Elon. Connecting with University Drive, it goes north then east bypassing downtown Elon and Elon University. Near Glen Raven, NC 100 overlaps with NC 87 and goes through downtown Burlington, then splits from NC 87 at Anthony Street. At the turn south onto Maple Avenue, NC 100 goes through a mostly residential area for 1.1 miles (1.8 km), before ending at the intersection with NC 54/NC 49 (Chapel Hill Road/Harden Street).
At Burlington city limit, the North Carolina Railroad/Norfolk Southern tracks cross over the highway along a polygonal Warren truss, built in 1935.

## History

The first NC 100 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing from US 70/NC 10 in Whitsett to US 70/NC 10/NC 62, in Haw River. In 1930, the second NC 100 was established when US 70/NC 10 switched routes, from Whitsett to Burlington. In 1932, NC 100 was decommissioned in favor of NC 10A.
The third and current NC 100 was established in late 1934 as a renumbering of NC 10A, traveling from US 70 (Burlington Road) in Whitsett to NC 62/NC 93 in Burlington. Between 1958-1962, NC 87/NC 100 was rerouted in downtown Burlington, from Trollinger, Davis and Maple Streets to Parks and Webb Streets; the old alignment was taken over by the city. In 1981, NC 89/NC 100 was realigned in downtown Burlington, between Fisher-Hoke Street and Lexington Street. In 2007, NC 100 was rerouted in Elon, from along Haggard Avenue onto new bypass routing along University Drive north from the downtown and Elon University. The old alignment was downgraded to a secondary road (SR 1454). In 2014, an elimination of an at-grade intersection at Burlington Avenue and University Drive was made; NC 100 was rerouted on a new connector road from Burlington Avenue/Haggard Avenue to University Drive.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Guilford | Whitsett | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 70 (Burlington Road) | |
| Guilford | Whitsett | 0.9 | 1.4 | NC 61 south | West end of NC 61 overlap |
| Guilford | Gibsonville | 2.7 | 4.3 | NC 61 north (Wharton Avenue) – Osceola | East end of NC 61 overlap |
| Alamance | Elon | 7.0 | 11.3 | NC 87 north / Haggard Avenue – Reidsville | West end of NC 87 overlap |
| Alamance | Burlington | 9.5 | 15.3 | US 70 west / NC 62 south (Fisher Street) | One-way pair streets |
| Alamance | Burlington | 9.7 | 15.6 | US 70 east / NC 62 north (Church Street) | One-way pair |
| Alamance | Burlington | 10.8 | 17.4 | NC 87 south (Webb Avenue) / North Anthony Street | East end of NC 87 overlap |
| Alamance | Burlington | 12.1 | 19.5 | NC 49 (Maple Avenue) / NC 54 (Chapel Hill Road / Harden Street) to I-40 / I-85 – Liberty, Graham | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# North Carolina Highway 13 (1936–1951)

North Carolina Highway 13 (NC 13) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connected U.S. Route 220 (US 220) north of Seagrove with US 421 in Staley. The routing of the highway was fairly rural, with Staley the only notable town along the routing. The route was established in 1936 and decommissioned in 1951.

## Route description

NC 13 began at US 220 about three miles north of Seagrove. The highway ran northeast along present-day Old State Highway 13, passing just south of the North Carolina Zoo. Before reaching NC 902, the highway turned briefly to the north and crossed a tributary of the Deep River. NC 13 followed NC 902 to the east for approximately two miles before turning to the northeast along present-day Hinshaw Town Road. Turning to the east, the highway crossed the Deep River before intersecting NC 22, north of Coleridge. From there the highway followed present-day Parks Crossroads Church Road to the north. The highway passed through the unincorporated community of Parks Crossroads before continuing north to US 64. After crossing US 64, the highway continued to the north along present-day Browns Crossroads Road. NC 13 entered Staley from the south along Main Street and intersected US 421 (present-day Staley Street).

## History

NC 13 was established in 1936 as the third and final incarnation of NC 13. The 1936 state highway map shows the highway running from US 220 to NC 902, west of Coleridge. From there the highway followed along NC 902 for two miles before running northeast to Staley. The highway routing did not change from the original alignment. In 1936 a majority of the highway's road surface was either gravel or topsoil. However the segment between NC 22 and US 64 had an earth road surface. By 1951 the entire road surface was gravel/topsoil, however only the section concurrent with NC 902 was paved. NC 13 was decommissioned in 1951 due to the southern extension of US 13 into North Carolina.

## Junction list

The entire route was in Randolph County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Seagrove | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 220 | |
| Coleridge | 9.0 | 14.5 | NC 902 | Western end of NC 902 overlap |
| Coleridge | 11.0 | 17.7 | NC 902 | Eastern end of NC 902 overlap |
| Coleridge | 16.0 | 25.7 | NC 22 | |
| Ramseur | 22.0 | 35.4 | US 64 | |
| Staley | 26.0 | 41.8 | US 421 | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# North Carolina Highway 136

North Carolina Highway 136 (NC 136) is a 2.22-mile (3.57 km) North Carolina state highway that runs entirely within Currituck County. It is a short spur of U.S. Route 158 (US 158), connecting the U.S. Highway to the small unincorporated community of Poplar Branch. The route's eastern terminus is at a boat launch on the Currituck Sound. Prior to 2002, NC 136's current alignment was known as NC 3. In 2002, the numbering of this road and of what was then NC 136 which was located in Iredell and Cabarrus counties swapped to place NC 3 near the home of Dale Earnhardt, a deceased NASCAR driver from Kannapolis who drove the #3 car.

## Route description

NC 136 begins at an intersection with US 158, heading east on two-lane undivided Macedonia Church Road. The road heads through wooded areas with some farm fields and homes. The highway turns north onto Poplar Branch Road and heads through the residential community of Poplar Branch, curving to the northeast. NC 136 runs through more woodland with some homes before coming to a dead end at a boat launch on the Currituck Sound.

## History

In 1934, NC 3 was signed as a short 1.5-mile (2.4 km) route on Buck Island traveling from U.S. Highway 158 to the Currituck Sound in Currituck County.
In 2002, state legislation was passed to swap NC 3 and NC 136. The process started in December of that year with the designation change in Iredell County, followed by Cabarrus County in February 2003. In February, 2004, the swap was completed with the establishment of NC 136 in Currituck County. This was done in order for the other road to honor Dale Earnhardt, a NASCAR driver from Kannapolis that drove the #3 car who was killed in the 2001 Daytona 500.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Poplar Branch, Currituck County.
| mi | km | Destinations |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | US 158 (Caratoke Highway) – Nags Head, Elizabeth City |
| 2.22 | 3.57 | Dead end |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# North Carolina Highway 159

North Carolina Highway 159 (NC 159) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as access to the North Carolina Zoological Park.

## Route description

NC 159 is a two-lane highway that connects nearby highways to the North Carolina Zoological Park.

## History

Established in 1975 as a new primary route, it went from the North Carolina Zoological Park to US 64/NC 49 in Asheboro. In 1977, its southern terminus was moved to connect to US 220, creating an NC 159 Spur to the park.

## Future

NC 159 Spur is planned to be extended west of its current terminus on mainline NC 159 to the US 64 By-Pass. Construction on the new US 64 By-Pass began in 2016 and was completed in 2020, with the spur extension to begin at a later date. The new connector will alleviate traffic for those going to-and-from the North Carolina Zoological Park.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Randolph County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| ​ | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 220 Alt. to I-73 / I-74 – Seagrove, Rockingham, Charlotte, Greensboro |
| ​ | 2.9 | 4.7 | NC 159 Spur – North Carolina Zoological Park |
| Asheboro | 7.3 | 11.7 | US 64 Bus. / NC 49 – Lexington, Charlotte, Ramseur, Siler City |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||

## Special routes
### North Carolina Zoological Park spur route

Established in 1979 when NC 159 was redirected south to US 220. Its purpose is to connect the North Carolina Zoological Park with mainline NC 159. Though not signed along its route, it is listed on state and county maps and is the only known spur route in North Carolina.
Junction list
The entire route is in Asheboro, Randolph County.
| mi | km | Destinations |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | NC 159 to I-73 / I-74 / US 64 / US 220 / NC 49 – Greensboro, Rockingham, Raleigh, Charlotte |
| 0.7 | 1.1 | North Carolina Zoological Park |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||