OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Mokra (1445)

The First Battle of Mokra (Albanian: Beteja e parë e Mokrës) took place on October 10, 1445, near mountain Mokra (today in Makedonski Brod, North Macedonia). It was an Ottoman retaliation to a message sent by Skanderbeg to Murad II. The Albanian forces under Skanderbeg defeated the Ottoman forces under Firuz Pasha. It was the second major Albanian victory over the Ottoman Empire.

## Background

After his victory at Varna, Murad II attempted to establish peace with Skanderbeg. Murad sent a message to Skanderbeg in which he reminded him of how he had taken the Albanian as his son and raised him in his court and tried to intimidate him by reminding him of the size and power of the Ottoman army. Skanderbeg received the letter and decided to respond. Skanderbeg reminded Murad how he had broken the Ottoman army at Torvioll and that with "the true faith of Jesus Christ, [he was] sure that [he] had chosen the greatest side." When the Turkish ambassador left to send the message to Murad, Skanderbeg told his men to prepare for an incursion.

## Battle

When the sultan had received the message, he gave command to Firuz Pasha a force of about 9,000 men. His task was to control Skanderbeg's movements and prevent him from moving into Macedonia. Firuz set out from Skopje planning to move quickly into Krujë and surprising the Albanians. A large number of soldiers advanced thinking that they were going to battle with Hunyadi, who was regathering his army. Firuz had heard that the Albanian army had disbanded for the time being, so he planned to move quickly around the Black Drin valley and through Prizren. These movements were picked up by Skanderbeg's scouts who moved to meet Firuz. Kastrioti awaited the Turkish army at a valley near Prizren, and only brought along his personal guard of 3,500 men, composed of 2,000 cavalry and 1,500 infantry, while sending the rest of his troops home. The Albanian troops were commanded to move into forest of Mokra inside of a thin valley of which they knew the terrain. The Turks entered the valley and could not find an easy way out since the Albanians had blocked most of the main trails. The Ottoman cavalry were allowed limited movement due to the woods and were assaulted by the Albanian infantry. The Ottoman force routed leaving behind 1,500 dead and 1,000 wounded men or stragglers that were imprisoned by the Albanians. Firuz Pasha died in the battle.

## Aftermath

The Europeans were reassured by the battle of Mokra after the loss at Varna. Pope Eugene IV raised a hymn as a praise that Christendom has been provided with a new defender after he heard of the battle. Alfonso V of Aragon sent many praises to Skanderbeg along with the papacy to Durazzo. The papal ambassadors arrived at Krujë sending the news that a new bishop, Peter Perlati, had been appointed. Skanderbeg sent four Ottoman standards that he had captured to Alphonso to prove his victories. Skanderbeg and Alphonso became close allies while also establishing connections with other European states.
# LAF

LAF may refer to:
* "L.A.F." (song)
* Laf (crater), on Mars
* Lafayette, Indiana (Amtrak station), United States; Amtrak station code LAF
* Lafayette College, a liberal arts college located in Easton, Pennsylvania
* Lance Armstrong Foundation
* Lean air-fuel
* Lebanese Air Force
* Lebanese Armed Forces
* Leeds Art Fund
* Lithuanian Activist Front
* Liquidity adjustment facility
* Purdue University Airport, Indiana, United States, by IATA airport code
* Latvian Air Force, by ICAO code
* Luftseilbahn Adliswil-Felsenegg, a cable car in Adliswil, Switzerland
* Look and feel, a computer related term
* League of American Football in Russia
# Gyula Derkovits

Gyula Derkovits (13 April 1894, Szombathely, 18 June 1934, Budapest) was a Hungarian painter and graphic artist whose work shows elements of Expressionism, Cubism and Constructivism.

## Biography

His father was a master carpenter and, despite showing some early artistic talent, he was forced to pursue the same trade. A friend who was a sign painter gave him his first drawing lessons, against his family's wishes. Displeased with that situation, he fled from his family by volunteering to serve in World War I.
This proved to be an unfortunate decision, as he was wounded at the front, leaving him with a paralyzed left hand and a lung problem which became tuberculosis. In 1916, he moved to Budapest where he supported himself with a disability pension and, ironically, by doing some carpentry. In 1918, he joined the Hungarian Communist Party and remained a member until 1930, when membership became too dangerous.
During this time, he learned to draw and paint at various night schools until 1918, when Károly Kernstok agreed to take him as a student, free of charge, at the Nyergesújfalu art colony and taught him copper engraving in addition to painting. Unfortunately, the many changes in government disrupted pension payments and he was forced to return to manual labor, which was increasingly too difficult for him. As a result, he moved to Vienna in 1923, where he was able to find sufficient work doing paintings and etchings and had a successful exhibition at the Weihburg Gallery. He lived there for three years, then returned to Budapest.
In 1928, his reputation was secured by a series of twelve woodcuts depicting the peasant revolt of 1514 (led by György Dózsa), despite having been done at the behest of the Communist Party. After 1930, his style became increasingly personal and eccentric. Tempera was his preferred medium then and his paintings, with subjects from daily life, became larger; almost monumental. He also worked in clay and wood sculpture. He died, aged only forty, after a series of illnesses.
Several streets have been named after him and a "Derkovits Art Scholarship" has been presented since 1955.

## Selected paintings

* Mother and Child (1917)
* Below a Big Tree (1922)
* Auction (1930)
* Fishmonger (1930)
* Sleeping Woman (1932)
# List of banks in Oceania

This is a list of banks in Oceania

## Australia
### Central bank

* Reserve Bank of Australia

### Major banks

* ANZ Bank
** Suncorp
* Commonwealth Bank
** Bankwest
* Macquarie Bank
* National Australia Bank
* Westpac
** BankSA
** Bank of Melbourne
** St George Bank

### Foreign banks

* HSBC Bank Australia
* ING Bank Australia

### Local banks

* Bank of Queensland
** ME Bank
* Bendigo & Adelaide Bank

### Defunct banks

* State Bank of Victoria
* State Bank of New South Wales
* Advance Bank
* Bank of Melbourne

## Fiji
### Central bank

* Reserve Bank of Fiji

### Local banks

* Bank of South Pacific
* ANZ (Fiji)
* HFC (Fiji)
* Westpac (Fiji)
* Bank of Baroda
* BRED Bank (Fiji)

## Kiribati
### Central bank

* Development Bank of Kiribati
* Alkami Bank
* Bandhan Bank
* Kiraboshi Bank
* Business Link Pacific Bank

## Micronesia
### Central bank

* FSMDB
* DFCC Bank

## New Zealand
### Central bank

* Reserve Bank of New Zealand

### Local banks

* ASB Bank
* Bank of New Zealand
* Heartland Bank
* Kiwibank
* SBS Bank
* TSB Bank

### Foreign banks

* ANZ Bank New Zealand
* Bank of Baroda
* Bank of China
* Bank of India
* China Construction Bank
* Commonwealth Bank
* Deutsche Bank
* Industrial & Commercial Bank of China
* Kookmin Bank
* MUFG Bank
* Rabobank New Zealand
* Westpac New Zealand

## Nauru

* Bank of Nauru
* Bendigo Bank

## Papua New Guinea
### Central bank

* Bank of Papua New Guinea

### Local banks

* Bank South Pacific
* ANZ Bank Papua New Guinea
* Westpac Bank Papua New Guinea
* Maybank Papua New Guinea
* Mama Bank
* National Development Bank of Papua New Guinea
* Nationwide Micro Bank

## Solomon Islands
### Central Bank

* Central Bank of Solomon Islands

### Local Banks

* Bank of South Pacific
* Pan Oceanic Bank
* ANZ Solomon Islands
* BRED Bank Solomon
* Development Bank of Solomon Islands

### Defunct Banks

* National Bank of Solomon Islands (dissolved into BSP)
* Westpac Solomon Islands

## Western Samoa
### Central bank

* Central Bank of Samoa

### Foreign banks

* Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ)

### Local banks

* Bank South Pacific (BSP)
* National Bank of Samoa
* Samoa Commercial Bank

### Overseas/Offshore Banks
## Kingdom of Tonga
### Central bank

* National Reserve Bank of Tonga

### Foreign banks

* Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ)

### Local banks

* Bank South Pacific (BSP)
* MBf Bank
* Tonga Development Bank

### Defunct banks

* Pacific International Commercial Bank

## Vanuatu
### Central bank

* Reserve Bank of Vanuatu
* Vantu Bank
* Wanfuteng Bank

### Foreign banks

* Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ)

### Local banks

* Bank South Pacific (BSP)
* National Bank of Vanuatu
# The Spark (album)

The Spark is the fifth studio album by English rock band Enter Shikari, released on 22 September 2017 through Ambush Reality and PIAS Recordings. It was recorded in Northamptonshire in early 2017.

## Background and production

Following world events in 2016, including Brexit and the election of Donald Trump, leadman Rou Reynolds announced on Twitter that he had been suffering from general anxiety disorder. He declared his frustration and newfound inspiration to write what he intended to be the band's most important work.
Recording for The Spark took place at Angelio Studios and Muttley Ranch in England with David Kosten and Reynolds acting as producers. Sessions were recorded by Kosten and Tim Morris. Additional recording was done by Reynolds at Radiate Studios with assistance from Luke Gibbs. Koston provided additional keyboards and programming to the tracks. In addition, Will Harvey and Augusta Harris contributed violin and cello, respectively. Koston mixed the album, which was mastered for CD and digital download by Bob Ludwig at Gateway Mastering and for vinyl by Stuart Hawken at Metropolis.

## Release

On 31 July 2017, the band released a music video for the first single "Live Outside". On 13 September 2017, the second single and the music video for "Rabble Rouser" was released. The album was released on 22 September 2017 through Ambush Reality and PIAS Recordings. In November and December 2017, the band will support the release of the album with an arena tour of the UK and mainland Europe.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
| Drowned In Sound | 8/10 |
| The Guardian | |
| The Independent | |
| Kerrang! | |
| NME | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
The Spark was met with positive reviews from critics. Metacritic gave the album an aggregated score of 74/100, indicating "generally favorable reviews", based on 10 reviews.
Francesca Gosling writing for The Irish Times gave The Spark a positive score of 8/10, summarising that "Those hoping for a return to the earlier sound may be disappointed, but Enter Shikari's unflinching desire to evolve with every release is something very exciting indeed."
The Spark won the Best Album award at the 2018 Kerrang! Awards.

## Track listing

All lyrics by Rou Reynolds. All music by Enter Shikari.

## Personnel

Personnel per booklet.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 56 |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 50 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 68 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 173 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 60 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 4 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 5 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 1 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 2 |
# On the Buses series 4

The fourth series of On the Buses originally aired between 27 November 1970 and 21 February 1971, beginning with "Nowhere to Go". The series was produced and directed by Stuart Allen and designed by Alan Hunter-Craig. All the episodes in this series were written by Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe.
Due to the ITV Colour Strike, episodes 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Series 4, were recorded in black-and-white.

## Cast

* Reg Varney as Stan Butler
* Bob Grant as Jack Harper
* Anna Karen as Olive Rudge
* Doris Hare as Mabel "Mum" Butler
* Stephen Lewis as Inspector Cyril "Blakey" Blake
* Michael Robbins as Arthur Rudge

## Episodes

| No. overall | No. in series | Title | Written by | Original air date |
| 27 | 1 | "Nowhere to Go" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 27 November 1970 (1970-11-27) |
| 28 | 2 | "The Canteen Girl" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 4 December 1970 (1970-12-04) |
| 29 | 3 | "Dangerous Driving" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 11 December 1970 (1970-12-11) |
| 30 | 4 | "The Other Woman" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 18 December 1970 (1970-12-18) |
| 31 | 5 | "Christmas Duty" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 25 December 1970 (1970-12-25) |
| 32 | 6 | "The 'L' Bus" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 1 January 1971 (1971-01-01) |
| 33 | 7 | "The Kids' Outing" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 10 January 1971 (1971-01-10) |
| 34 | 8 | "The Anniversary" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 17 January 1971 (1971-01-17) |
| 35 | 9 | "Cover Up" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 24 January 1971 (1971-01-24) |
| 36 | 10 | "Safety First" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 31 January 1971 (1971-01-31) |
| 37 | 11 | "The Lodger" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 7 February 1971 (1971-02-07) |
| 38 | 12 | "The Injury" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 14 February 1971 (1971-02-14) |
| 39 | 13 | "Not Tonight" | Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe | 21 February 1971 (1971-02-21) |
# Gag (medicine)

In the context of surgery or dental surgery, a gag is a device used to hold the patient's mouth open when working in the oral cavity, or to force the mouth open when it cannot open naturally because of forward dislocation of the jaw joint's intraarticular cartilage pad. Applications for medical gags include oral surgery and airway management. Gag designs, like other medical instrument designs, are often named after their inventors. Common examples of medical gags include the Jennings, Whitehead, and Hallam gags.

## Types

* Whitehead gag: invented in 1877 by Walter Whitehead (1840-1913), a surgeon in Manchester, England, consists of two hinged metal frames that wrap around the front of the patient's head and which have sections bent to fit between the front teeth. When spread apart, the frames separate the jaws, holding the mouth open. The desired degree of separation is set and maintained by a ratchet mechanism on each side of the frame.
* Jennings gag: they are very similar, but there is a ratchet on only one side.

## Non-medical uses

These type of gags are also used in sexual fetish or bondage play. See Gag (BDSM) § Medical.
# 48 Group Club

The 48 Group Club (originally, the 48 Group of British Traders with China) is a London-based private company dedicated to promoting trade between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United Kingdom. The group is named after a British trade delegation of 48 businessmen, referred to as the "Icebreakers," who traveled to China in 1954 to establish trade relations between the two countries. The organisation's motto, "Equality and Mutual Benefit," is derived from a quote by Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. Critics have contended that the organisation has functioned as a platform for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to influence British elites.
Fellows of the 48 Group Club have included Tony Blair, Jack Straw, Alex Salmond, Peter Mandelson, Ken Livingstone, and other politicians, retired diplomats, and prominent business executives. The 48 Group Club's chairman, Stephen Perry, has been a proponent of the Belt and Road Initiative and his commentary has been published by Chinese state media outlets. In February 2020, Perry commented positively on the PRC's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and stated that the Chinese government showed "incredible sensitivity to the needs of the people."
In 2023, Yang Tengbo, an honorary board member of the 48 Group Club who has ties to Prince Andrew, Duke of York, was banned from entering the UK due to national security concerns. Yang's 2024 appeal was denied by a UK tribunal. The 48 Group Club stated that Yang "has never had any involvement with the work of the 48 Group."

## Criticism

In Hidden Hand: Exposing How The Chinese Communist Party Is Reshaping The World, authors Clive Hamilton and Mareike Ohlberg stated:
   In short, at the instigation of a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo, Zhou Enlai, the 48 Group was the work of three secret members of the Communist Party of Great Britain. From this foundation the club quickly developed an unrivalled level of trust and intimacy with the top leadership of the CCP, and has built itself into the most powerful instrument of Beijing's influence and intelligence gathering in the United Kingdom. Reaching into the highest ranks of Britain's political, business, media and university elites, the club plays a decisive role in shaping British attitudes to China.

### Failed libel lawsuit

In June 2020, the 48 Group Club and its chairman Stephen Perry launched a libel lawsuit in a failed attempt to block the publication of Hidden Hand in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
# Seo Jung-hack

Seo Jung-hack (Korean: 서정학) is a South Korean baritone singer.

## Career
### 1990s and 2000s

South Korean Baritone to Perform with the Metropolitan Opera Company (1997–98).
After graduating from Seoul National University, Jung-Hack Seo entered the Curtis Institute of Music.
He debuted with the San Francisco Opera in 1993 where he was the First Asian singer to win the Schwabache Family Award.
In 1996, Seo went on to win the Metropolitan Opera Competition and enter the Metropolitan Opera Young Artist Development Program.
In 1997, he performed the title role in "Ill Barbiere di Siviglia" and other programs with the Metropolitan Opera Company.
In 1997, he entered the Operalia, The World Opera Competition and placed second.
He has performed with numerous world class opera companies besides the Metropolitan Opera, such as the Wiener Staatsoper. The Opera Company of Philadelphia, the Connecticut Grand Opra, Tulsa Opera, the Dallas Opera, The San Francisco Opera and the Opera of the Pacific.
He studied under In-Young Lee, Marlena Malas, Renata Scotto, Robert Merill.

### 2000s - present

2006 Don Carlo at Seoul Arts Center
2004 Oct. Lucia Di Lanmermoor at Seoul Arts Center

### Performance in Japan

2010 June 11 "REINCARNAZIONE" Vol.3 Finale The Road To Music at Bunkamura Orchard Hall performed with Tokyo Philharmony Orchestra, Conducted by Mr. Park Sang-Hyun 2009 July 17 Solo Concert "REINCARNAZIONE" Vol.2 l'Indicatore stradale poi l'amore at Ginza Oji Hall 2009 July 14 Solo Concert "REINCARNAZIONE" Vol.2 l'Indicatore stradale poi l'amore at Kyoto Concert Hall 2009 April 10 Solo Concert "REINCARNAZIONE" Vol.1 La Confession at Ginza Oji Hall 2009 March 6 Solo Concert "REINCARNAZIONE" Prelude Svegliando at Saloon Tezzerra 2008 March and May Gala Concert>br> 2004 December 19 "Beethoven No.9 At Tokorozawa"

### Awards and distinctions
## Recordings

The American Russian Youth Orchestra in Concert
# 1993 in games

This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 1993. For video games, see 1993 in video gaming.

## Games released or invented in 1993

* Amazing Engine (role-playing game)
* Carat
* Cartoon Game
* Cybergeneration (role-playing game)
* Dirty Money (game)
* DragonStrike
* Earthdawn (role-playing game)
* Forgotten Futures (role-playing game)
* Hacker II: The Dark Side
* Mage: The Ascension (role-playing game)
* Magic: The Gathering
* Pandemonium (role-playing game)
* Prime Directive (role-playing game)
* Risus: The Anything RPG (role-playing game system)
* SLA Industries (role-playing game)
* Star Riders (role-playing game)
* Uncle Happy's Train Game
* Underground (role-playing game)
* We the People (board wargame)

## Game awards given in 1993

* Spiel des Jahres: Call My Bluff
* Deutscher Spiele Preis: Modern Art
** Best Children's Game: Verflixt Gemixt
* Games: Inklings

## Significant games-related events in 1993

* Magic: The Gathering released by Wizards of the Coast, to become the first popular collectible card game.
* Alderac Entertainment Group founded.
# Tehzeeb (1971 film)

Tehzeeb (transl. Culture) is a 1971 Pakistani film directed by Hassan Tariq. It stars Rani, Shahid, Sabiha Khanum, Rangeela, Aslam Pervaiz and Lehri.
The makers of this film were asked to change a reference to Egypt (Misr in Urdu language) because it might prove detrimental to diplomatic relations with that country. While the line Laga hai Misr ka bazaar dekho (transl. Come see the Egyptian market) changed to Laga hai husn ka bazaar dekho (transl. Come see the market of beauty) in the movie soundtrack, audio-recordings of the film song had already sold in good numbers.

## Plot

The plot revolvers around a family whose matriarch Dadi Amma has a great pride in following eastern traditions and values. When her grandson returns from abroad after getting higher education, he starts hating these traditions, and Chandni, his yet to be wife. He first refuses to marry her but later obliges to do due to the fear of being deprived off. After marriage, he forces her to adapt the western lifestyle and values. One day, she becomes the victim of assault by a club owner while adapting the western culture.

## Cast

* Rani
* Shahid Hameed
* Rangeela
* Aslam Pervaiz
* Lehri
* Tamanna
* Sabiha Khanum

## Music

A popular song of this film was:
* "Laga Hai Husn Ka Bazaar Dekho" Sung by Mehdi Hassan and solo by Noor Jehan, lyrics by Saifuddin Saif and music by Nisar Bazmi.

## Reception

Tehzeeb was a super-hit film of 1971.
The Statesman said the presentation of the film as hackneyed and formula-oriented.
# Yiannis Kouros

Yiannis Kouros (Greek: Γιάννης Κούρος, pronounced; born 13 February 1956 in Tripoli, Kingdom of Greece) is a Greek ultramarathon runner based in Greece. Kouros holds or formerly held many world records between 100 miles and 1,000 miles. In 1991, he starred as Pheidippides in the movie The Story of the Marathon: A Hero's Journey, which chronicles the history of marathon running.
Kouros came to prominence when he won the Spartathlon in 1984 in a record time of 20 hours and 25 minutes. He also won the Sydney to Melbourne Ultramarathon in 1985 in a record time of 5 days, 5 hours, 7 minutes, and 6 seconds, beating the previous record held by Cliff Young. Kouros held Australian citizenship for part of his running career and was inducted into the Australian Ultra Runners Association's Hall of Fame in 2019.
In 1990, following a dispute with his employer in Greece, Kouros emigrated to Australia. He became an Australian citizen in 1994. It seems that twenty years later, in 2014, at the age of 58, Kouros retired from ultrarunning competition.
Concerning the secret of his success, Kouros claims, "When other people get tired, they stop. I don't. I take over my body with my mind. I tell it that it's not tired, and it listens."
Kouros has also written over 1,000 poems, several of which appear in his books, Symblegmata ("Clusters") and The Six-Day Run of the Century.

## World records

According to the International Association of Ultrarunners, as of February 2013.

### Distance

| 100 miles | Road | 11h 46min 37s | 13.665 km/h (8.491 mph) |
| 1,000 km | Track | 5d 16h 17min 00s | 7.338 km/h (4.560 mph) |
| 1,000 km | Road | 5d 20h 13min 40s | 7.131 km/h (4.431 mph) |
| 1,000 miles | Road | 10d 10h 30min 36s | 6.424 km/h (3.992 mph) |

### Time races

| 12 h | Road | 162.543 km (101.000 mi) | 13.545 km/h (8.416 mph) |
| 24 h | Road | 290.221 km (180.335 mi) | 12.093 km/h (7.514 mph) |
| 24 h | Track | 303.506 km (188.590 mi) | 12.646 km/h (7.858 mph) |
| 48 h | Road | 433.095 km (269.113 mi) | 9.023 km/h (5.607 mph) |
| 48 h | Track | 473.495 km (294.216 mi) | 9.875 km/h (6.136 mph) |
| 6 days | Road | 1,028.370 km (638.999 mi) | 7.142 km/h (4.438 mph) |
| 6 days | Track | 1,038.851 km (645.512 mi) | 7.214 km/h (4.483 mph) |