OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Machicolation

In architecture, a machicolation (French: mâchicoulis) is an opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement through which defenders could target attackers who had reached the base of the defensive wall. A smaller related structure that only protects key points of a fortification are referred to as Bretèche. Machicolation, hoarding, bretèche, and murder holes are all similar defensive features serving the same purpose, that is to enable defenders atop a defensive structure to target attackers below. The primary benefit of the design allowed defenders to remain behind cover rather than being exposed when leaning over the parapet. They were common in defensive fortifications until the widespread adoption of gunpowder weapons made them obsolete.

## Etymology

The word machicolation derives from Old French machecol, mentioned in Medieval Latin as machecollum, probably from Old French machier 'crush', 'wound' and col 'neck'. The verb Machicolate is first recorded in English in the 18th century, but machicollāre is attested in Anglo-Latin.

## Origins and Regional Prevalence

The oldest known buildings with machicolation are Ancient Roman fortifications of the Limes Arabicus dating from the 4th century AD. The design was brought to Europe from the Levant following the crusades and became especially prevalent in Southern Europe.
Machicolations were more common in French castles than English, where they are usually restricted to the gateway, as in the 13th-century Conwy Castle. Within France, machicolation is more common on southern castles. One of the oldest extant examples of machicolation in northern France is at Château de Farcheville which was built from 1290 to 1304.
# Water chestnut cake

Water chestnut cake (traditional Chinese: 馬蹄糕; simplified Chinese: 马蹄糕; Cantonese Yale: máhtài gōu) is a sweet Cantonese dim sum dish made of shredded Chinese water chestnut. When served during dim sum, the cake is usually cut into square-shaped slices and pan-fried before serving. The cake is soft, but holds its shape after the frying. Sometimes the cake is made with chopped water chestnuts embedded into each square piece with the vegetable being visible. One of the main trademark characteristics of the dish is its translucent appearance.
It is one of the standard dishes found in the dim sum cuisine of Hong Kong, and is also available in select overseas Chinatown restaurants.
# List of competitive eaters

The following is a list of notable competitive eaters.

## Men

* Beard Meats Food
* Patrick Bertoletti (2007–present)
* Eric Booker (1997–present)
* Carmen Cincotti
* Dominic Cardo (2001–present)
* Joey Chestnut (2005–present)
* Crazy Legs Conti (2002–present)
* Erik "The Red" Denmark
* Michael DeVito
* Peter Dowdeswell
* Charles Hardy
* Furious Pete (2004–present)
* Tim Janus (2004–2016)
* Edward "Cookie" Jarvis (2001–2006)
* Steve Keiner
* Takeru Kobayashi (2001–present)
* L.A. Beast (2010–present)
* Joe LaRue
* Rich LeFevre (2002–present)
* Don Lerman
* Kevin Lipsitz
* Frankie MacDonald (2012–present)
* Bozo Miller
* David O'Karma
* Theetta Rappai
* Rick The Manager
* Yasir Salem (2012–present)
* Shoenice (2010-present)
* Bob Shoudt (1997–present)
* Matt Stonie (2009–present)
* Brian Subich

## Women

* Takako Akasaka
* Carlene LeFevre
* Michelle Lesco
* Molly Schuyler (2012–present)
* Gal Sone
* Miki Sudo (2011–present)
* Sonya Thomas (2003–present)
* Shahina Waseem (2012–present)
* Nela Zisser
# Ángel Baena

Ángel Baena Pérez (born 13 October 2000) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Polish club Wisła Kraków.

## Club career

Born in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Baena joined Real Betis' youth setup in 2017, from CF Damm. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 14 April of the following year, coming on as a second-half substitute and scoring the equalizer in a 2–2 Segunda División B away draw against FC Jumilla.
On 17 December 2019, after finishing his formation, Baena renewed with the Verdiblancos until 2022. He was a regular starter during that campaign onwards, helping in the B's promotion to the third division and subsequent qualification to the newly created Primera División RFEF.
On 29 June 2022, Baena signed a three-year contract with Segunda División side CD Lugo. He made his professional debut on 15 August, starting in a 2–1 home loss against Albacete Balompié. Baena scored his first professional goal on 2 October 2022, netting his team's second in a 3–2 loss at UD Ibiza.
On 17 July 2023, he moved to Polish second division side Wisła Kraków on a two-year deal. He was named in the starting line-up for the 2023–24 Polish Cup final against Pogoń Szczecin on 2 May 2024, eventually won by Wisła 2–1 after extra time.

## Honours

Wisła Kraków
* Polish Cup: 2023–24
# Luh-ishan

Luh-ishan, also Luhhiššan, Luh-ishshan, Lu-ishan (𒇻𒄴𒅖𒀭 lu-uh-ish-an, also 𒇻𒄴𒄭 𒅖𒊮𒀭 lu-uh-hi ish-sha-an; died c. 2325 BC) was a king of Elam and the 8th king of the Awan Dynasty. Hishep-ratep, if he is to be identified with Hishep-rashini, was the father of Luh-ishan.
Lu-ishan is known from Elamite sources, such as the Awan Dynasty king list, where he is listed as the 8th king of the Awan Dynasty.
Lu-ishan also appears in the inscriptions of Sargon of Akkad, who vanquished him when he conquered Elam and Marhasi. Sargon claims in his inscriptions that he is "Sargon, king of the world, conqueror of Elam and Parahshum", the two major polities to the east of Sumer. He also names various rulers of the east whom he vanquished, such as "Luh-uh-ish-an, son of Hishibrasini, king of Elam", thought to be Lu-sihan, or " Sidga'u, general of Parahshum"(during the reign of Abalgamash), who later also appears in an inscription by Rimush.
# Karl Gruber

Karl Gruber (3 May 1909 in Innsbruck – 1 February 1995 in Innsbruck) was an Austrian politician and diplomat. During World War II, he was working for a German firm in Berlin. After the war, in 1945 he became Landeshauptmann of Tyrol for a short time. He then became Foreign Minister of Austria until 1953.
Karl Gruber served as Austrian ambassador to the United States from 1954 to 1957 and from 1969 to 1972, as ambassador to Spain from 1961 to 1966, as ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1966, and as ambassador to Switzerland from 1972 to 1974.
Gruber was awarded the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash in 1954.
# Len Ramsell

Leonard Thomas Ramsell (20 August 1897 – 24 December 1975) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham as an inside left.

## Personal life

In July 1930, Richmond took over the license of the Ye Olde Anchor pub in Twickenham.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gillingham | 1919–20 | Southern League First Division | 9 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
| Gillingham | 1924–25 | Third Division South | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 2 |
| Gillingham | Total | Total | 19 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 24 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 19 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 24 | 3 |
# Ruslan Akhvlediani

Ruslan Ruslanovich Akhvlediani (Russian: Руслан Русланович Ахвледиани; born 8 December 1987) is a Russian former football player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Metallurg Lipetsk on 11 July 2021 in a game against FC Tom Tomsk.
# Roaring Gap, North Carolina

Roaring Gap is an unincorporated community in the Cherry Lane Township of Alleghany County, North Carolina, United States, situated near the border with Wilkes County. Home to three private golf communities, Roaring Gap is a popular summer colony.

## History

Roaring Gap was established in 1890 as a summer resort by Elkin, North Carolina industrialist Alexander Chatham, one of the founders of the Chatham Manufacturing Company. The community derives its name from the noise the wind makes when rushing through the mountains located there. Roaring Gap has 3 Golf and Country Clubs in its area; High Meadows Country Club, Roaring Gap Club and Olde Beau Golf Club. A 54-acre reservoir, Lake Louise, is situated within the Roaring Gap Club.
YMCA Camp Cheerio, which is owned by the YMCA in High Point, is also in Roaring Gap.
The Rock House and William T. Vogler Cottage are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Roaring Gap is home to Antioch United Methodist Church, a historic United Methodist country chapel located across from High Meadows Country Club. The church grounds include a cemetery, with graves from the 19th century up to the 21st century.

## Demographics

Roaring Gap's Zip Code Tabulation Area (Zip Code 28668) has a population of 142 as of the 2000 census. The population is 52.1% male and 47.9% female. About 98.6% of the population is white and 1.4% is Hispanic.
The median household income is $61,154 with 0% of the population living below the poverty line.
# Mickey's Follies

Mickey's Follies is a Mickey Mouse animated short film first released on August 28, 1929, as part of the Mickey Mouse film series. It was directed by Ub Iwerks and Wilfred Jackson, with music by Carl Stalling. It was produced in black and white by The Walt Disney Studio and released to theaters by Celebrity Productions. It was the tenth Mickey Mouse short to be produced, the seventh of that year.
This cartoon revolves around Mickey singing the song "Minnie's Yoo-Hoo", which was later used as the opening theme for all of the Mickey Mouse cartoons from The Jazz Fool (1929) until Mickey's Steam Roller (1934). Mickey's singing voice is provided by an anonymous studio employee; in these early days, Walt Disney was not yet the exclusive voice for Mickey.

## Plot

The animals in the barnyard are watching a series of short song and dance numbers performed by other barnyard animals, similar to the Ziegfeld Follies of the day. It opens with Mickey playing the piano with other animals. A series of other short song and dance numbers presume. The cartoon ends with Mickey giving a solo performance of his theme song "Minnie's Yoo-Hoo".
Along with Mickey, Minnie Mouse is shown in the audience cheering for Mickey. There is also a cast of other barnyard animals, including a group of dancing ducks, a chicken-rooster duo who beat each other up in sync to the music, an operatic singing pig who is poorly received, and various other barnyard animals in the audience.

## Reception

In Mickey's Movies: The Theatrical Films of Mickey Mouse, Gijs Grob writes: "Mickey's Follies is Disney's second serious attempt at lip synch, after The Karnival Kid. Mickey sings much more than in the former cartoon, and the all-too-literal mouth movements give him many awkward facial expressions. Later, the animators would learn to tone down the mouth movements, keeping Mickey's face more consistent without losing the illusion of speech."
Motion Picture News (September 14, 1929): "Walt Disney's creation, the popular Mickey Mouse, sings and dances in a typical barnyard frolic, which is the tenth of the series of Mickey films. Strictly speaking, it is not as good as some of its predecessors, but it certainly contains plenty of laughs, nevertheless. One of the weak spots in the film is the injection of a theme song sung by Mickey Mouse; it seems rather flat. Another thing to notice was the cartoon work, which was not executed with the nicety that some of the other cartoons have. However, the laugh material far outburdens the few shortcomings. The animals have a grand time and the fun is shared by the audience. Some of the barnyard folk are sitting on an outhouse, and in their ecstasy over Mickey's performance they crash in the roof. Immediately the door opens and a pig runs out with his pants down. Can you imagine? Movie audiences relish this sort of screen fun, and Mickey's Follies is supplied with enough laughs to make them gurge heartily and long."

## Home media

The short was released on December 2, 2002 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White.
# John Bicourt

John Peter Bicourt (25 October 1945 – 16 January 2023) was a British middle-distance runner. He competed in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. He represented England in the 3,000 metres steeplechase metres event, at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Bicourt died on 16 January 2023, at the age of 77.
# Olivier Kamanda

Olivier Kamanda is the Director of Learning and Impact Strategy at the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. He is a former Presidential Innovation Fellow and previously served as speechwriter and senior advisor to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

## Education

He obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from Princeton University in 2003 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 2009. It was during his third year at Penn Law that he founded the Foreign Policy Digest. Also while in law school, he was executive editor of the school's Journal of International Law and a columnist for The Huffington Post.

## Career

He is the founding editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy Digest. Kamanda is a former Trustee of Princeton University and a fellow with the Truman National Security Project.
Kamanda was president of the Montgomery County Young Democrats from 2004 to 2006.
Since 2010, he has been an associate lawyer at White & Case in Washington, D.C. In 2011, Kamanda was named one of Washington, D.C.'s "Most Influential Leaders Under 40" by Washington Life Magazine.
# A.C. Rigas Feraios Velestino

The Athletic Club Rigas Feraios Velestinou (Greek Ρήγας Φεραίος Βελεστίνου) is α sport club in the Greek village of Velestino, Thessaly. The club was made and named in tribute of the Thessalian Greeks own Greek War of Independence founder, Rigas Feraios as he was born and raised in Velestino.

## Football

Rigas Feraios was created in 1926 as an amateur club in Velestino. Through the club have passed hundreds of young people of Velestino offering their skills and writing to the club's history. The club was created in 1926 and in 1928 established the football club "Riga Fereou".

## History

During the years 1955-1958 "Rigas Feraios F.C." plays in the local category C, where he pioneered and in 1959 "Rigas" declared local champion in the C category. In 1961 "Rigas" being champ in local category B rises to A local class. Season 1973-1974 was the most fruitful for the club because it was in the Second National Division, which is the landmark in the history of "Rigas Feraios F.C.". 1994–1995, being a local champion in the A category promoted for the first time in Delta Ethniki. In 2000-2001 finish in 5th place in the Delta Ethniki where it remains until the year 2007. In 2010 the team relegated in the first local of EPS Thessaly and decides to reorganize.

## Notable Friendlies

The team have played twice against AEK Athens, the Greek Football giants. They may have lost twice, however they played decently in both games.
# Skilling (currency)

The skilling (pronounced shilling in English) was the Scandinavian equivalent of the shilling. It was used as a subdivision of the various kinds of currencies named rigsdaler in use throughout Scandinavia, including the Danish rigsdaler, the Norwegian rigsdaler, and the Swedish riksdaler.

## Denmark

From 1625 to 1873, one Danish skilling (pronounced) was equivalent to 1⁄96 of a rigsdaler. The word is still used colloquially for a small but unspecified amount of money ("lille skilling"). King Christian IX abolished the rigsdaler and skilling in favor of the kroner and ører in 1873.

## Norway

From 1816, the Norwegian skilling (pronounced) was equivalent to 1⁄120 of a speciedaler, and before that 1⁄120 of a rigsdaler specie, or 1⁄96 of a rigsdaler courant. It was introduced in Norway in the early 16th century and was abolished 1875.

## Sweden

During the 19th century, one Swedish skilling (pronounced) was equivalent to 1⁄48 of a riksdaler. It was in use between 1776 and 1855.
# Arab Athletics Federation

The Arab Athletics Federation (Arabic: الاتحاد العربي لالعاب القوى) is an international governing body for the sport of athletics.
It was founded on 15 March 1975 at a conference of Arab nations in Rabat, Morocco, with the aim of improving the quality of the sport in the Arab world and foster greater international co-operation within the region. The constitution of the federation ensures that there are a president and two vice-presidents – one from an Asian Arab country and the other from an African Arab country. It also recognises and works with the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the Asian Athletics Association and the Confederation of African Athletics. Suleiman Awwad al-Zaidi of Saudi Arabia is the current president.
The organisation's foremost event, the biennial Arab Athletics Championships, was held two years after the federation's formation. A year later, the Arab Cross Country Championships was established. The Arab Junior Athletics Championships followed in 1984, and the Arab Youth Athletics Championships was founded in 2004. The federation also supports a circuit of track and field meetings to promote qualification into its championships.
The organisation also publishes an athletics periodical covering news of Arab athletes and competitions: Arab Hero Magazine (Arabic: مجلة البطل العربي, Al Batal Al Arabi).

## Member federations

* Algeria: Fédération Algérienne d'Athlétisme
* Bahrain: Bahrain Athletics Association
* Djibouti: Fédération Djiboutienne d'Athlétisme
* Egypt: Egyptian Athletic Federation
* Iraq: Iraqi Athletics Federation
* Jordan: Jordan Athletics Federation
* Kuwait: Kuwait Athletics Federation
* Lebanon: Fédération Libanaise d'Athlétisme
* Libya: Libyan Athletics Federation
* Morocco: Fédération Royale Marocaine d'Athlétisme
* Oman: Oman Athletic Association
* Palestine: Palestine Athletic Federation
* Qatar: Qatar Athletics Federations
* Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabian Athletics Federation
* Sudan: Sudan Athletic Association
* Syria: Syrian Arab Athletic Federation
* Tunisia: Fédération Tunisienne d'Athlétisme [fr]
* United Arab Emirates: United Arab Emirates Athletics Federation
* Yemen: Yemen Athletics Federation

## Competitions

* Arab Athletics Championships – biennial athletics event for senior athletes
* Arab Cross Country Championships – biennial cross country running event for senior and junior athletes
* Arab Junior Athletics Championships – biennial athletics event for junior (under-20) athletes
* Arab Youth Athletics Championships – biennial athletics event for youth (under-18) athletes
# Trippenhuis

The Trippenhuis is a neoclassical canal mansion in the centre of Amsterdam. It was built in 1660–1662 for the wealthy Amsterdam weapons traders Louis and Hendrick Trip. Many references to weaponry can be seen on its facade. Since 1887 it has been the seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).

## History

The building was designed by the architect Justus Vingboons. It is a double house; two large homes built behind one single seven-window-wide facade for the sons Louis and Hendrick of Jacob Trip and Margaretha de Geer. It is the largest facade from the time period in Amsterdam, and is on the list of top 100 Dutch heritage sites. The Trips also commissioned Ferdinand Bol to paint Portrait of the Trip Sisters and Portrait of Johanna de Geer and her Children as Charity, which both originally hung in the building.
In 1730 the house on the right was remodelled for Elisabeth van Loon, but the left house still has many of its original details, including ceiling decorations by Nicolaes de Helt Stockade.

### Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten

In 1812 the Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten moved there, the origin of the KNAW founded in 1808 by Louis Bonaparte (with the predicate "Koninklijk", meaning Royal). The other half was in use by the art dealer Cornelis Sebille Roos. After 1815, when the Netherlands were ruled by King Willem I, the two buildings were reunited under the name Koninklijk-Nederlandsch Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten and a national museum was opened in the former art dealership in 1817 as a follow-up to the Prince William V Gallery. It became quickly too small and the modern paintings were sent to the Museum van Levende Meesters located in Haarlem. The painting called the Nightwatch, by Rembrandt hung here until 1885 when it moved to the new Rijksmuseum. In 1851 the society was disbanded and re-established as the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, which inherited the archives of the earlier societies with the prize winners and membership details of the four classes along the French model originally created by Louis Napoleon: Mathematics and Physics, Dutch literature and history, Ancient and Eastern Literature, History and the fine arts. Since 1938 the society has been called Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, though the Royal predicate was temporarily dropped during World War II.
In 2020 the renovated Trippenhuis won the Amsterdam Architecture Prize.
# Strange Planet

Strange Planet is a 1999 Australian dramedy film directed by Emma-Kate Croghan and starring Claudia Karvan, Naomi Watts, Alice Garner and Hugo Weaving. The film takes place in Sydney between New Year's Eve 1998 and January 2000. It was Croghan's follow up to Love and Other Catastrophes and used many of the same cast and crew.

## Plot

The film explores the lives of three male friends and three female friends over the course of one year. Judy has an affair with her married boss. Sally is a party girl open to all experiences. Alice is morally strict but feels stuck.
Ewan is a lawyer who hates the law. Joel is left by his wife. Neil is desperate for love.

## Cast

* Claudia Karvan as Judy
* Naomi Watts as Alice
* Alice Garner as Sally
* Tom Long as Ewan
* Aaron Jeffery as Joel
* Gennie Nevinson as Therapist
* Felix Williamson as Neil
* Hugo Weaving as Steven
* Rebecca Frith as Amanda
* Ling-Hsueh Tang as Verna
* Helen Thomson as Lulu
* Marshall Napier as Robert
* Kate Beahan as Poppy
* Reg Mombassa as Judy's father (cameo)

## Production

At one stage it was planned that the film would be shot at the same time as another movie, Revolver which would be directed by Emma Kate Croghan while Stavros Kazantzidis would make Strange Planet. However, in the end Croghan directed Planet and Revolver was never made.
The time lapse footage of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was shot by a cameraman who was permitted to climb the bridge without a harness and spend 12 hours there overnight.
Dusty Springfield personally cleared the film's usage of her recording of "The Look of Love" only days before her death in March 1999.

## Reception

The film was well-received critically but a disappointment commercially that received little marketing attention. In 2005, Croghan told The Age:
   With Love and Other Catastrophes there was so much interest about the way the film had been made, and the fact that a very young woman (of 23) had directed the film seemed amazing to people... There was a lot of interest in the process and it got a lot of press coverage. Strange Planet didn't. There wasn't a story around it for people and the press to hook into.
Croghan is yet to direct another feature film.