OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1996 Arab Cup Winners' Cup

The 1996 Arab Cup Winners' Cup was the seventh edition of the Arab Cup Winners' Cup held in Amman, Jordan between 13 – 22 May 1996. The teams represented Arab nations from Africa and Asia. Olympique Khouribga from Morocco won the final against Al-Faisaly from Jordan.

## Group stage

The height teams were drawn into two groups of five. Each group was played on one leg basis. The winners and runners-up of each group advanced to the semi-finals.

### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Al-Riyadh SC | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 7 |
| Olympique Médéa | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 7 |
| Al-Muharraq | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 3 |
| Al-Wehdat | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | −3 | 0 |

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Olympique Khouribga | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 3 | +3 | 7 |
| Al-Faisaly | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 2 | +4 | 5 |
| Al-Ittihad Doha | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | +5 | 4 |
| Al-Mourada | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 14 | −12 | 0 |

## Knock-out stage

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| 20 May – Amman | 20 May – Amman |
| Al-Riyadh SC | 0 |
| Al-Riyadh SC | 0 | 22 May – Amman | 22 May – Amman |
| Al-Faisaly | 1 | 22 May – Amman | 22 May – Amman |
| Al-Faisaly | 1 | Al-Faisaly | 1 |
| 20 May – Amman | 20 May – Amman | | Al-Faisaly | 1 |
| 20 May – Amman | 20 May – Amman | O. Khouribga | 3 |
| O. Khouribga | 2 | O. Khouribga | 3 |
| O. Médéa | 1 | | |

### Final
## Winners

* 1996 Arab Cup Winners' Cup
* Olympique Khouribga First title
# 1-Deoxynojirimycin

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ or 1-DNJ), also called duvoglustat or moranolin, is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, most commonly found in mulberry leaves. Although it can be obtained in small quantities by brewing an herbal tea from mulberry leaves, interest in commercial production has led to research on developing mulberry tea higher in DNJ, and on alternate routes of production, such as via Bacillus species.

## Biosynthesis

1-Deoxynojirimycin is a polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid produced from D-Glucose in various plants, such as Commelina communis, and in the Streptomyces and Bacillus bacteria. High quantities of this azasugar are produced in Bacillus subtilis, a process initiated by a TYB gene cluster composed of gabT1 (aminotransferase), yktc1 (phosphatase), and gutB1 (oxidoreductase).
In Bacillus subtilis, D-glucose first undergoes glycolysis, opening the 6-member ring and producing fructose-6-phosphate. GabT1 catalyzes transamination at the C2 position, followed by a dephosphorylation by the Yktc1 enzyme, resulting in 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannitol (ADM), an essential precursor. Regio-selective oxidation by GutB1 occurs at the exposed C6 hydroxyl of ADM, pushing a C2-N-C6 cyclization of the resulting 6-oxo intermediate, creating Manojirimycin (MJ). Epimerization of MJ at the C2 position yields the nojirimycin isomer. Nojirimycin is then dehydrated (loss of -OH at C1 position), along with reduction of the imine moiety. This results in the product 1-DNJ.

### Pathway variations

In the Streptomyces subrutilus species, a secondary pathway branching from the manojirimycin precursor results in 1-deoxymanojirimycin via dehydration and reduction of the isomer. However, Bacillus subtilis does not produce 1-deoxymanojirimycin despite the presence of the manojirimycin precursor.
Azasugar biosynthesis in Commelina communis involves C1-C5 cyclisation of the original D-glucose precursor without the subsequent inversion.
# In the Air (Chipmunk song)

"In the Air" is a single by British pop rapper Chipmunk, released as the second single from his second studio album Transition (2011). The song features American R&B singer Keri Hilson, and was released on 13 March 2011. "In the Air" followed up the rapper's hit single "Champion", featuring American R&B singer Chris Brown, which peaked at number 2 in the UK Singles Chart.

## Background

Speaking in April 2011 to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis – assistant editor of Blues & Soul – Chipmunk described how the single came about: "I've had a love for Keri Hilson since her first album. I feel she is an amazing artist, and an amazing songwriter – plus her swag is on Level Infinity! And, though she was originally meant to be on a different track, when she came to the studio and heard 'In The Air' she straightaway said that was the one she wanted to be a part of!... So we made it HAPPEN! And to me the song represents like the perfect balance of me keeping it credible but at the same time commercial."

## Music video

The song's accompanying music video was directed by Colin Tilley, who also directed Hilson's "One Night Stand" music video. The video was released on 31 March 2011. It features appearances by both Chipmunk and Hilson.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 33 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 37 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 37 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format |
| United Kingdom | 6 April 2011 (2011-04-06) | Digital download |
| United Kingdom | 7 March 2011 (2011-03-07) | CD single |
| United States | 29 May 2011 (2011-05-29) | CD single |
# SM UB-59

SM UB-59 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the Flanders Flotilla of the German Imperial Navy on 25 August 1917 as SM UB-59.
She operated as part of the Flanders Flotilla based in Zeebrugge. UB-59 scuttled 5 October 1918 off Zeebrugge at 51°19′N 03°12′E﻿ / ﻿51.317°N 3.200°E﻿ / 51.317; 3.200 during the evacuation of Belgium by German forces.

## Construction

She was built by AG Weser, Bremen and following just under a year of construction, launched at Bremen on 21 July 1917. UB-59 was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-59 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun. UB-59 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 9,020 nautical miles (16,710 km; 10,380 mi). UB-59 had a displacement of 516 t (508 long tons) while surfaced and 646 t (636 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.4 knots (24.8 km/h; 15.4 mph) when surfaced and 7.8 knots (14.4 km/h; 9.0 mph) when submerged.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 28 November 1917 | Jeanne Conseil | France | 2,309 | Sunk |
| 29 November 1917 | Texas | France | 6,674 | Damaged |
| 5 December 1917 | City of Naples | United Kingdom | 5,739 | Damaged |
| 2 February 1918 | Avanti | United Kingdom | 2,128 | Sunk |
| 3 February 1918 | Holmtown | United Kingdom | 598 | Sunk |
| 13 March 1918 | Tweed | United Kingdom | 1,025 | Sunk |
| 14 March 1918 | Venezuela | France | 730 | Sunk |
| 16 March 1918 | South Western | United Kingdom | 674 | Sunk |
| 20 March 1918 | Azemmour | France | 897 | Sunk |
# Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean

Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean is a Scottish mountain situated 13 kilometres southwest of the village of Achnasheen on the southern side of Glen Carron within the Glencarron and Glenuig Forest in the Ross and Cromarty district of the Highland council area.

## Overview

The mountain's name translates from the Gaelic as Peak of the Merchants or Pedlars. The name may be associated with a main routeway between east and west Scotland passing just to the north, Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean being a significant landmark for traders and travellers.
Initially classed as a Corbett, Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean was reclassified as a Munro in 1981 after a height of 915 m, obtained by aerial photogrammetry for the metric revision, appeared on the Ordnance Survey map. In 2009, a survey by The Munro Society obtained an accurate height of 913.43 metres, reverting the mountain's status to Corbett.

## Geography

Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean is a much more interesting hill than the adjoining Munro of Moruisg, its western flank is very steep and craggy as it falls to the valley of the Allt a’ Chonais and contains two deep and impressive gullies. The fine corrie of Coire Toll nam Bian stands on the north eastern side of the mountain while another lesser corrie, Coire an Tuill Bhàn, lies just east of the summit and descends south east to the valley near Glenuig Lodge. The highest point of the mountain lies on a plateau with a number of cairns with the most southerly one being the highest point. The mountain stands on the main Scottish east-west watershed with most of the drainage going to Glen Carron and the sea at the west coast. However the eastern slopes form the head waters of the River Meig which takes water to the Cromarty Firth on the east coast of Scotland.

## Ascents

Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean is usually ascended in conjunction with the neighbouring Munro of Moruisg from a point just west of Loch Sgamhain on the A890 at grid reference NH079520, it is possible to climb either of the hills first. An alternative route which gives a direct ascent of Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean starts at the small hamlet of Craig (at grid reference NH040493) and follows the valley of the Allt a' Chonais for five kilometres until a stalkers path leaves the valley and climbs steeply up the mountains southern slopes to reach the summit. The continuation to Moruisg goes north east and then north along the rim of the Coire Toll nam Bian.
# Joe Blackman

Joe Blackman MBE (born c. 1984) is a Welsh entrepreneur and former CEO of Collection 26 (formerly called Green Ant Events), a luxury event-planning company. He previously sat as a magistrate at the Cardiff Magistrates Courts.

## Event planning

Blackman was raised with two siblings in Llantwit Major, near Cardiff, Wales by his single mother, who was an events manager at St Donat's Art Centre. He began working on events run by his mother, before starting his first business while in university.
In 2005 when he was 20 years old, Blackman founded Green Ant Events, an event-planning company. Venture Wales, a business-support project of the Welsh government, supported Blackman's efforts with business advice. The company organised an event in Qatar at the 15th Asian Games for the International Olympic Committee. In 2008 during a recession he changed its focus to luxury events for wealthy clients. In 2010 he moved the business to Notting Hill in London to be closer to his target market. In 2013 the name of the company was changed to Collection 26. It threw parties for celebrities including 50 Cent, The Killers, and Premier League footballers. The company was sold in 2017, and the assets were returned to its investors by January 2018.
Blackman was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to the economy and charity.

## Education

Blackman started working on a BA degree in Stage Management at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in 2003 and 2004 but left to start freelancing. He qualified in health and safety management by NEBOSH. and then earned a master's degree in Business Administration from the University of South Wales with funding from the Welsh government.

## Magistrate service

Blackman became a magistrate in Cardiff in 2008. At the age of 23, he was the youngest magistrate on the Cardiff bench, and one of the youngest in the UK.
# Sheikh Nur Mohamed Abkey

Sheikh Nur Mohamed Abkey (ca.1958 – 4 May 2010) was a Somali journalist killed in the line of duty. Abkey worked for Radio Mogadishu-Voice of Somali Republic in Somalia's capital city. He had a long career as a journalist and worked under difficult conditions during the last two decades of his career.

## Career

Abkey was a well-known journalist in Somalia who had been working for media concerns since at least 1988 or possibly 1970. He had worked for East Africa Radio, SONA (the Somali News Agency), the radio station HornAfrik and for the Somali Television Network as a comedian and news anchor before going to work for Radio Mogadishu where he trained journalists with the country's Information Ministry. Associates said he turned down suggestions that for security he should live at the radio station and that he refused to be intimidated by the factions fighting in Mogadishu.

## Death

He was abducted by armed hooded men early on the morning of 4 May and then later that day shot to death near his home in the Wardhigley neighbourhood of the capital. The editor of Radio Mogadishu, Abdirahman Yusuf, was quoted as saying, "Al Shabaab men have killed Sheikh Nur Abkey ... after they killed him, they called us and told us they killed him." Abdolaziz Mohamed Guled, Radio Magadishu's political correspondent said that Abkey was tortured before he was killed by his kidnappers and eyewitnesses stated that Abkey's body was dumped on a Mogadishu street.
It is believed that Abkey was killed because he was an employee of the government-run Radio Mogadishu, which had been against the extreme insurgents.

## Reaction

Almost immediately, the International Press Institute condemned Abkey's murder. and in July 2010, Amnesty International condemned the killing of journalists and called for both the government forces and the armed militias to respect freedom of expression.
The Secretary-General of the National Union of Somali Journalists, a partner-organization with Reporters Without Borders, said, "Somali journalists are being murdered just for reporting their stories independently or because they work for a particular news media. The loss of this experienced journalist is heartbreaking for his family and colleagues, but it is also a blow to the entire Somali people."
Irina Bokova, the director-general of UNESCO, said, "I condemn the murder of Sheikh Nur Abkey. His brutal killing is a heinous crime against a brave journalist and against Somali society as a whole. Nothing good will come to the people of Somalia from those seeking to deprive citizens of the right to know and journalists of the basic human right of freedom of expression..."
# Ernest Taylor (Royal Navy officer)

Vice-Admiral Sir Ernest Augustus Taylor, KCMG, CVO (17 April 1876 – 11 March 1971) was a British Royal Navy officer and politician.
In 1898 he married Rose Campbell.

## Naval career

Taylor entered HMS Britannia in 1890 and went to sea two years later. In early May 1902, he was appointed gunnery lieutenant on the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Renown, serving in the Mediterranean Squadron, and late the same year he was transferred to the armoured cruiser HMS Bacchante on her first commission in the same squadron.
He was assistant to the Director of Naval Ordnance from October 1911 to June 1912. In World War I, he commanded the pre-dreadnought HMS Queen and the light cruiser HMS Birmingham, and served as a flag Captain. He became Captain of the battlecruiser HMS Renown in 1919. With her, he was in 1920 in the entourage for the Prince of Wales's tours of Canada, the US, Australia and New Zealand.

## Political career

He was a member of London County Council from 1925 to 1928.
He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Paddington South from 1930 to 1950.
He won the Paddington South byelection in 1930 as a candidate for the Empire Free Trade Crusade, retaining it in the 1931 General Election. He joined the Conservative Party after that general election.
# United States v. Doremus

United States v. Doremus, 249 U.S. 86 (1919), was a decision of the US Supreme Court upholding the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act as a valid use of a federal power under the Taxing and Spending Clause.

## Background

In 1915, Congress passed the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act to limit the spread of opioids and cocaine. As Governor-General of the Philippines, Francis Burton Harrison proposed the act as an indirect restriction on the importation of drugs from Asian countries into the United States. The act required that "every person who produces, imports, manufactures, compounds, deals in, dispenses, distributes, or gives away any of the aforesaid drugs shall pay to the said collector a special tax at the rate of $1 per year" (equivalent to $30 in 2023), allowing the federal government to monitor the sale of such drugs.
Under this act, the federal government sought to indict a physician for knowingly selling heroin to a patient without registering the sale with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Rather than providing the heroin as part of medical treatment, the physician was alleged to be supplying a friend with drugs to support their addiction. However, the US District Court for the Western District of Texas accepted a demurrer to the indictment, finding that the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act was an unconstitutional encroachment on the state police power to regulate drugs.
Under the Criminal Appeals Act of 1907, the United States government could petition the Supreme Court for a writ of error whenever any lower federal court issued a decision that blocked a criminal conviction by invalidating the underlying statute. Citing this law, Assistant Attorney General Claude R. Porter appealed the District Court's decision to the Supreme Court and argued the case in January 1919.

## Supreme Court

Writing for the majority, Associate Justice William R. Day reasoned that the Taxing and Spending Clause of Article One of the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy any excise tax, regardless of whether its purpose is to regulate in an area governed by state police power. In support of this point, the majority cited the 1866 License Tax Cases, which allowed Congress to require that lottery operators and liquor retailers pay to acquire federal licenses, despite regulation of such industries being historically left to state governments.
Chief Justice Edward Douglass White dissented on the basis that allowing such excise taxes permits Congress to encroach on the police power left to state governments in violation of the Tenth Amendment.
# Hydrogenophaga aquatica

Hydrogenophaga aquatica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Hydrogenophaga which has been isolated from a hot spring.
# Hylomys

Hylomys is a small genus of the family Erinaceidae. Hylomys species, like all species in the subfamily Galericinae, are known as gymnures or moonrats. Their closest relatives include the fossil Lantanotherium and Thaiagymnura and the living Neotetracus and Neohylomys. Members of this genus are found in Southeast Asia and Eastern Asia.

## Species

* Hylomys megalotis Jenkins & M. F. Robinson, 2002 (Long-eared gymnure)
* Hylomys parvus Robinson & Kloss, 1916 (Dwarf gymnure)
* Hylomys suillus S. Müller, 1840 (Short-tailed gymnure)
# Cameroon at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships

Cameroon competed at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July.

## Swimming

Cameroon entered one swimmer.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Charly Ndjoume | 50 m freestyle | 28.45 | 122 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Eardley Knollys

Edward Eardley Knollys (1902–1991) was a member of the Bloomsbury Group of artists - variously an art critic, art dealer and collector, active from the 1920s to 1950s. He only himself began to paint in 1949, and had his first solo exhibition at the age of 58 in 1960, by which time he was already a "minor legend in British art".

## Early life and education

Born in Alresford, Hampshire to Cyprian Robert Knollys (1868-1940), a land agent descended from a junior branch of the family of the Earl of Banbury and his wife Audrey (née Hill; 1871-1957), he was educated at Winchester College and Christ Church, Oxford.

## Career

Knollys, along with his life partner Frank Coombs ran The Storran Gallery at 106 Brompton Road, opposite Harrods, from 1936 and 1944. They sold works by artists such as Amedeo Modigliani, Maurice Utrillo and Chaïm Soutine. Coombs was killed in a World War II air raid in Belfast in 1941, which led to the bereaved Knollys closing the gallery in 1944.
In 1945, Knollys, Edward Sackville-West, 5th Baron Sackville and the music critic Desmond Shawe-Taylor jointly bought a Georgian rectory in Long Crichel, Dorset, where along with the gay activist and eye surgeon Patrick Trevor-Roper, literary critic Raymond Mortimer and James Lees-Milne, they established "what in effect was a male salon, entertaining at the weekends a galaxy of friends from the worlds of books and music". Milne recruited Knollys to join him at the National Trust during World War II, and over the next 15 years accompanied him on many of the trips to country houses recorded in his published volumes of diaries.
In 1965, Knollys inherited a large collection of artworks from Edward Sackville-West, which he added to and on his death in 1991, bequeathed to the Bulgarian emigre and picture framer Mattei Radev, a former lover of E.M. Forster. The collection, now known as The Radev Collection, consists of more than 800 works of Impressionist and Modernist art.
Several photos from the 1920s of Knollys and friends by Lady Ottoline Morrell are in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
# United States v. Gaudin

United States v. Gaudin is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held the trial judge's refusal to submit the question of "materiality" to the jury was unconstitutional. If materiality is a required element of the offense, it must be presented to the jury, which must determine it beyond a reasonable doubt for a conviction.

## Background and procedural history

In the 1980s, Gaudin engaged in real estate transactions using FHA-insured loans from HUD. His scheme involved inflating property appraisals, selling properties to "straw buyers," and repurchasing them for profit. Many loans defaulted, and Gaudin was charged with making false statements under 18 U.S.C. § 1001.
At trial, the United States District Court for the District of Montana instructed the jury to determine whether Gaudin's statements were false, but decided itself the issue of materiality, a requirement for conviction under §1001, ruling materiality was not for the jury to consider. The jury convicted Gaudin.
Gaudi appealed. In 1993, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed. On rehearing in 1994, the Court of Appeals held that taking the question of materiality from the jury violated the Fifth Amendment and Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

## Opinion of the court

In June 1995, Justice Scalia delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court and affirmed the judgment of the Court of Appeals.
Relying on the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, the Court held that the Constitution provisions "require criminal convictions to rest upon a jury determination that the defendant is guilty of every element of the crime with which he is charged, beyond a reasonable doubt." The trial judge's refusal to allow the jury to determine the materiality of Gaudin's false statements infringed that right.
Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice O'Connor, and Justice Breyer concurred.

## Subsequent developments

In 1996, 18 U.S.C. 1001 was amended to expressly include materiality as an element under each of the three clauses in subsection (a).
Scholars noted Gaudin is unlikely limited to 18 U.S.C. § 1001 but may apply to any other offenses in which the materiality of a false statement is an element of the offense, such as making false statements to various financial institutions.