OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Multi-band device

In telecommunications, a multi-band device (including (2) dual-band, (3) tri-band, (4) quad-band and (5) penta-band devices) is a communication device (especially a mobile phone) that supports multiple radio frequency bands. All devices which have more than one channel use multiple frequencies; a band however is a group of frequencies containing many channels. Multiple bands in mobile devices support roaming between different regions where different standards are used for mobile telephone services. Where the bands are widely separated in frequency, parallel transmit and receive signal path circuits must be provided, which increases the cost, complexity and power demand of multi-band devices.
The term quad-band describes a device that supports four frequency bands: the 850 and 1900 MHz bands, which are used in the Americas, and 900 / 1800, which are used in most other parts of the world. Most GSM/UMTS phones support all four bands, while most CDMA2000/1xRTT phones (mostly North America and voice transmission only) do not, and so are considered only dual-band devices. A few phones support both of the domestic frequencies but only one foreign one for limited roaming, making them tri-band phones.
The term penta-band describes a device that supports a fifth frequency band, commonly the 1700/2100 MHz band in much of the world. The Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) 1700 MHz band is also seeing increased usage.

## 4G LTE bands

In the United States only, the two largest carriers are instead implementing 4G LTE in the 700 MHz band, which was reallocated from TV broadcasting during the DTV transition. TV stations were forced to move to lower UHF and even far worse VHF frequencies with poorer mobile TV and even regular terrestrial TV performance, because the 700 MHz band has better radio propagation characteristics that allow mobile phone signal to penetrate deeper into buildings with less attenuation than the 1700 MHz or 2100 MHz bands.
AT&T Mobility devices use former TV channel 53 and 54 nationwide and has purchased spectrum from former TV channel 55 nationwide (purchased from Qualcomm's defunct MediaFLO pay TV service), and also channel 56 in densely populated areas such as California and the Northeast Corridor. Verizon Wireless formerly held frequencies just above TV channel 51, which is still in use, causing adjacent-channel interference that is preventing the carrier from using them until the planned top-down spectrum repacking occurs. The channel 52 spectrum was later purchased by T-Mobile US who now uses this spectrum for their network. Verizon now uses higher blocks within the former TV band (channels 60 and 61).
# Rubén Monasterios

Rubén Monasterios (21 January 1938 – 11 May 2024) was a Venezuelan writer and theatre critic.

## Biography

Born in Maiquetía on 21 January 1938, Monasterios earned a degree in social work and a master's degree in social psychology from the Central University of Venezuela. He taught at a number of schools, including the Lisbon Theatre and Film School and Andrés Bello Catholic University.
Rubén Monasterios died in Caracas on 11 May 2024, at the age of 86.
# Adolphe de Leuven

Adolphe de Leuven (29 September 1802 – 14 April 1884) was a French theatre director and a librettist. Also known as Grenvallet, and Count Adolph Ribbing.
He was the illegitimate son of Adolph Ribbing, who was involved in the assassination of Gustav III of Sweden in 1792, and Jeanne-Claude Billard. He took his name as a variation of that of his paternal grandmother, Eva Löwen.
He produced over 170 plays and librettos, with operatic settings by Adam including Le postillon de Lonjumeau, Clapisson, Félicien David (Le Saphir) and Ambroise Thomas (Raymond, ou Le secret de la reine).
He was associated with the Opéra-Comique for fifty years and was director (with Eugène Ritt as administrator) from 1862 to 1870 and co-director with Camille du Locle from 1870-1874. He resigned in protest at the on-stage murder in Carmen.
# Autódromo Enrique Freile

Autódromo Enrique Freile is a 3.800 km (2.361 mi) motorsports circuit located in El Calafate, Argentina. The circuit was broke ground in 2020, and was opened on 15 April 2023 with the race in 2023 Turismo Carretera, it is named on behalf of Enrique Freile. It has hosted Turismo Carretera, TC Pista, and Turismo Nacional this year. The circuit also hosted the opening round of Turismo Carretera in 2024 season.

## Lap records

As of October 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Autódromo Enrique Freile are listed as:
| Category | Time | Driver | Vehicle | Event |
| Full Circuit: 3.800 km (2023–present) |||||
| Turismo Carretera | 1:20.357 | Julián Santero | Ford Falcon TC | 2023 El Calafate Turismo Carretera round |
| Turismo Nacional Clase 3 | 1:27.774 | Facundo Chapur | Ford Focus III | 2023 El Calafate Turismo Nacional round |
| Turismo Nacional Clase 2 | 1:31.694 | Maximiliano Bestani | Toyota Etios | 2023 El Calafate Turismo Nacional round |
# Gary Smith (footballer, born 1955)

Gary Michael Smith (born 4 November 1955) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a defender.

## Personal life

Smith attended Barnhill Community High School. He worked as an insurance salesman and later moved to the US.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1974–75 | Fourth Division | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
# Bhim Singh of Mewar

Maharana Bhim Singh (10 March 1768 – 30 March 1828) was the 26th Sisodia Rajput ruler (r. 1778–1828) of the Kingdom of Mewar who became the first Maharana of Udaipur State. He was the second son of Maharana Ari Singh II and younger brother of his predecessor Maharana Hamir Singh II.
At ten years of age Maharana Bhim Singh succeeded his brother Maharana Hamir Singh II who had untimely died at the age of 16 from a wound when a rifle burst in his hand. Maharana Hamir Singh II had ruled an unstable state with an empty treasury under a regency by Maharaj Bagh Singh and Arjun Singh his grand-uncles and widowed mother Jhaliji Sardar Kanwarji.Maharana Bhim Singh inherited this unstable state after its unpaid Maratha soldiers had looted Mewar's former capital Chittor. The soldiers' depredations continued and more territory was lost during Bhim Singh's rule. Another significant event in his reign was his daughter Krishna Kumari had died by drinking poison at the age of 16 to save his dynasty and prevent a massive civil war among the rajput houses of Rajputana in 1810.
Maharana Bhim Singh was unable to lead his house of Mewar as a political power in Rajputana unlike his illustrious and effectual ancestors. Mewar had once been considered the strongest Rajput house because of its lengthy resistance to the foreign emperors but by 13 January 1818, Maharana Bhim Singh had to sign a treaty with the British East India Company accepting their protection.
On the birth of his heir Yuvraj Amar Singh by his queen Rathorji Gulab Kanwarji, Bhim Singh along with his nobles travelled on foot to visit the Eklingji temple where he had an inscription engraved in the temple promulgating orders to abolish certain taxes from Charanas and Brahmins.
Upon his death in the year 1828, his four queens and four concubines committed sati as the prevalent Rajput tradition dictated.
# John Penn ("the American")

John Penn (January 28, 1700 – October 25, 1746) was an American-born merchant who was proprietor of the colonial Province of Pennsylvania, which became the U.S. state of Pennsylvania following American independence obtained in victory in the American Revolutionary War.
John Penn was the eldest son of the colony's founder, William Penn (1644–1718) and his second wife, Hannah Callowhill Penn (1671–1726). He was born in the Slate Roof House in Philadelphia, and was the only one of Penn's children to be born in the present-day United States. As a result, he was referred to as "the American" by his family.

## Early life

Penn was born in Philadelphia and raised by a cousin in Bristol, England, where he learned the trade of merchant, specializing in linen. As a result of his father's will and by his mother's appointment, he received half of the proprietorship of the Province of Pennsylvania.

## Province of Pennsylvania
### Border dispute with Maryland

On May 12, 1732, as proprietors of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania, one of the Thirteen Colonies of British America, Penn and his brothers Thomas Penn and Richard Penn signed an order creating a commission of three or more individuals they appointed that were responsible for "running, marking, and laying out" of any boundary between the Province of Pennsylvania and the colonial Province of Maryland. This was in accordance with a signed agreement between the Penn brothers and Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore.

### Walking Purchase

Penn returned to the Province of Pennsylvania in September 1734 and attended the meetings of the Pennsylvania Provincial Council, but went back to England in 1735, to support the colony's rights in its boundary dispute with Maryland. The ultimate resolution of this dispute was the surveying of the Mason–Dixon line. Penn, his brother Thomas, and their agents were responsible for the Walking Purchase in which over a million acres of in the colonial areas of present-day New Jersey, southern New York state, and the Lehigh Valley and Northeastern Pennsylvania regions of Pennsylvania were swindled from the Lenape Indian tribe.

## Death

Penn never married and died in Hitcham, Buckinghamshire, England. He was interred at Jordans. His will left his rights to the Province of Pennsylvania and Delaware Colony to his brother Thomas Penn.
# Guy Sterling

Guy Sterling (born September 23, 1948) is an American journalist, author and historian. He spent most of his 35-year newspaper career as a reporter with The Star-Ledger in Newark, New Jersey, primarily covering the courts and criminal justice matters, the Meadowlands Sports Complex and the New Jersey Mafia.

## Background and early life

Sterling was born in Orange Memorial Hospital in Orange, New Jersey, to father Robert Sterling Sr. and mother Florence M. O’Mara. Raised in Dunellen, New Jersey, he graduated from Dunellen High School. He earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville (class of 1970) and a master's degree in journalism from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism (class of 1972). He began his daily newspaper career in 1970 as a municipal government reporter with the Courier News in Plainfield, New Jersey, and ended it in Newark. Over the course of his career, Sterling routinely published as many as 200 bylined stories a year.

## Author and independent researcher

Sterling has authored two books: Elvis in Roanoke, published in 1977 when he was a reporter with The Roanoke Times & World-News (1975–78) in Roanoke, Virginia, and The Famous, the Familiar and the Forgotten: 350 Notable Newarkers in 2014. He updated the Newark book on its tenth anniversary with an online edition. In 2011 and 2012, he also wrote and produced a series of radio pieces on Newark's history for WBGO Jazz Radio 88.3 in Newark. They aired as a segment entitled "Guy Sterling's Newark" on the "WBGO Journal."
# Sweat (2020 film)

Sweat is a 2020 drama film written and directed by Magnus von Horn. It stars Magdalena Kolesnik, Julian Swiezewski, Aleksandra Konieczna and Zbigniew Zamachowski.

## Synopsis

Sylwia Zając, a fitness motivator influencer surrounded by admirers and loyal employees, searches for true intimacy.

## Cast

* Magdalena Koleśnik as Sylwia Zając
* Julian Swiezewski [pl] as Klaudiusz
* Aleksandra Konieczna as Basia
* Zbigniew Zamachowski as Fryderyk
* Tomasz Orpinski as Rysiek
* Lech Lotocki as Andrzej
* Magdalena Kuta as Danuta
* Dominika Biernat as Wiktoria
* Katarzyna Dziurska as Kasia
* Wiktoria Filus as Zosia
* Bartosz Sak as Kacper
* Edgar Griszczuk as Eryk
* Dorota Zieciowska as Italo disco star
* Katarzyna Cynke as Marieta
* Bogna Defecinska as Ania

## Release

The film was set to have its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2020, but the festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In July 2020, it was announced Gutek Film, TriArt and Mubi had acquired distribution rights to the film in Poland, Sweden and the United States, respectively. Sweat was released in Sweden on 12 March 2021 and in Poland on 18 June 2021.

## Reception

Sweat holds a 98% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 51 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Well-acted and appropriately beautiful, Sweat takes a thoughtful, empathetic look at social media fame." The film won the Gold Hugo at the Chicago International Film Festival.
In a review of the film, Giuseppe Sedia wrote for Kino Mania: "While there is no ground to label Sweat as a sophomore slump, von Horn could have gone over the argument that social influencers can have a very complex inner life just like anybody else". He also praised the performance of Zbigniew Zamachowski "who seems to come out straight from an episode of Kieślowski's Dekalog".
# Divine freedom

Divine freedom is the concept that God has free will.
One argument advanced against the concept of divine freedom is that it may contradict the principle of omnibenevolence, by limiting God's choices to only actions with perfectly good consequences.
According to saint Augustine of Hippo, since evil is absence of being and of perfection, the fact that God is the Highest does not limit His perfection, being, or freedom.
# Boglárka Kapás

Boglárka Kapás (pronounced; born 22 April 1993) is a Hungarian retired competitive swimmer. She is the world champion (2019 Gwangju) in 200 m butterfly and a bronze medallist at the Olympic Games (2016 Rio de Janeiro) in 800 m freestyle.

## Career

Kapás won Hungary's first ever gold medal at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in 200 m butterfly. Qualified for the final with the best time, she swam a personal best 2:08.72, finishing 1.4 seconds ahead of second placed Judit Ignacio. She won one more gold medal in 400 m freestyle and a silver medal in 200 m freestyle.
At the 2010 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Eindhoven Kapás won the silver medal in 800m freestyle, with a time of 8:18.56. The event was notable in that it was a heat-declared result (medals based on times from heats with no final swum), where Kapás won the heat for the top seeded swimmers by a comfortable margin; however, lost the event to Federica Pellegrini who had raced earlier in the 'slower' heat.
She passed the Olympic A-standard in 800m freestyle and earned a quota for the Games at the first meeting of the 2011 Mare Nostrum series in early June. In July 2011 at the 2011 Swimming World Championships she set a new national record in the same distance with a time of 8:24.79, which was enough for the fifth place. In November Kapás suffered a rib injury, that forced her to miss both the 2011 European Short Course Swimming Championships and the United States–Europe swimming gala.
After returning from injury, Kapás won the 800m freestyle event of the 2012 European Aquatics Championships on home soil in Debrecen.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, Kapás came third in the 800m freestyle behind Katie Ledecky and Jazz Carlin, thus getting the bronze medal. She set a new national record time for this event of 8:16:37.
At the 2019 World Aquatics Championships she won the gold medal in the 200m butterfly event.
In the 2019 ISL season she was in team London Roar and they got the second place in the first ISL final in history. In 2020 she changed teams and was part of the NY Breakers and swam in the semi-finals.
She participated in her 5th consecutive Olympics in Paris in 2024, with the first one being Beijing in 2008.

## Personal life

Kapás, who goes by the nickname "Bogi," is married to fellow Hungarian swimmer Ádám Telegdy. She has two cats named Vanilla and Csoki, which means “chocolate.” She cites winning a maths contest in elementary school as one of her most memorable accomplishments.

## Awards

* Hungarian Junior Athlete of the Year – the National Sports Association (NSSZ) awards: 2010
* MOB Junior award (2010)
* Junior Príma award (2010)
* Hungarian swimmer of the Year: 2011
* Cross of Merit of Hungary – Bronze Cross (2012)
* For Újpest award (2016)
* Cross of Merit of Hungary – Golden Cross (2016)
* Budapest Pro Urbe award (2016)
# 863 Program

The 863 program (Chinese: 863计划) or State High-Tech Development Plan (Chinese: 国家高技术研究发展计划) was a program funded and administered by the government of the People's Republic of China intended to stimulate the development of advanced technologies in a wide range of fields for the purpose of rendering China independent of financial obligations for foreign technologies. It was inspired by the Strategic Defense Initiative proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1983, and was absorbed alongside Program 973 into the "National Key R&D Program" in 2016.
On March 3, 1986, the program was suggested by Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, and Chen Fangyun in a letter to China's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping, who approved the program within 2 days. The program was initially led by Zhao Ziyang, who was the Premier of China at the time, and received a governmental fund of 10 billion RMB in 1986, which accounts for 5% of the total government spending that year. According to the US National Counterintelligence and Security Center, the 863 program "provides funding and guidance for efforts to clandestinely acquire US technology and sensitive economic information."
Among the products known to have resulted from the 863 program are the Loongson computer processor family (originally named Godson), the Tianhe supercomputers and the Shenzhou spacecraft.

## History

Named after its date of establishment (March 1986, 86/3 by the Chinese date format), the 863 Program was proposed in a letter to the Chinese government by scientists Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, and Chen Fangyun and endorsed by Deng Xiaoping. After its implementation during the Seventh Five-Year Plan, the program continued to operate through the two five-year plans that followed, with state financing of around 11 billion RMB and an output of around 2000 patents (national and international).
In 2001, under the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the program was reevaluated in consultation with foreign experts. The result was a widened focus to strengthen the competitiveness of China in the global economy. The evaluation practice has been included into the program as a project management system.
In a 2011 court case, Chinese-born scientist Huang Kexue was found guilty of stealing commercial secrets from US-based corporations and passing at least some of this information to the 863 program.

## Outline

The program initially focused on seven key technological fields:
* Biotechnology
* Space
* Information technology
* Laser technology
* Automation
* Energy
* New materials
Since 1986, two more fields have been brought under the umbrella of the program:
* Telecommunications (1992)
* Marine technology (1996)
# Raja Man Singh (politician)

Raja Maan Singh (born 5 December 1921 – died 21 February 1985) was an Indian politician and titular head of Jats princely Bharatpur State. He was seven-time Independent Member of Legislative Assembly from Deeg assembly constituency from 1952 to 1984. He was the son of Kishan Singh of Bharatpur.
He was killed along with his two supporters in a fake police encounter in February 1985 after an incident of violence in which Rajasthan's then chief minister Shiv Charan Mathur's helicopter was damaged. His murder case was investigated by the CBI. Singh's murder led to the resignation of CM Shiv Charan Mathur. On 20 July 2020, a special CBI court in Mathura convicted 11 policemen, including former Deputy Superintendent of Police Kan Singh Bhati in Raja Man Singh's murder case.
# Vermont Route 144

Vermont Route 144 (VT 144) is a 6.91-mile-long (11.12 km) east–west state highway in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. It extends from VT 22A in Benson to VT 30 in Sudbury. VT 144 also passes through the extreme northwestern corner of Hubbardton. All of VT 144 is town-maintained.

## Route description

Route 144 begins in the west at an intersection with Route 22A east of Benson. The route follows a generally east-northeast track as it heads out of Benson, crossing into Sudbury and ending at an intersection with Route 30 south of town. Route 144 runs through an isolated area, intersecting one relatively major local road, Hortonia Road, along its length, but not intersecting any numbered routes between its endpoints. The road passes by Lake Hortonia just before ending at its eastern terminus.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Rutland County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Benson | 0.00 | 0.00 | VT 22A – Fair Haven, Vergennes | Western terminus |
| Sudbury | 6.91 | 11.12 | VT 30 – Sudbury, Castleton Corners | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Basketball World Cup (Turkey)

The Basketball World Cup was an international basketball tournament held in Turkey. Established in 2002, it was sponsored by the Turkish brewing company Efes Pilsen, which also runs a basketball club in Istanbul.

## Winners

* 2002 - Yugoslavia
* 2003 - Italy
* 2004 - Slovenia
* 2005 - Turkey
* 2006 - Turkey
* 2007 - Croatia
* 2008 - Turkey
* 2009 - Croatia
* 2010 - Argentina
* 2011 - Germany
* 2013 - Serbia
# Rumour Cubes

Rumour Cubes are a British six-piece instrumental post-rock band based in London, England. The band's music has been described as post-rock, cinematic and atmospheric and likened to bands such as Godspeed You! Black Emperor and Yndi Halda.

## History

The band was formed in mid-2009 by Hannah Morgan (violin), Omar Rahwangi (drums) and Adam Stark (guitar, electronics). They were later joined by Joe Bartlett (bass), Simon Stark (guitar) and Siew Cottis (viola). In August 2010 the sextet released their debut EP We Have Sound Houses Also on the Marriage of a Dead Dog SING! record label. The EP received a warm reception. The release has also had airplay on BBC 6 Music by Tom Robinson. In early 2011 Cottis left the band and was replaced on viola by Terry Murphy.
In February 2012, the band released their debut album, The Narrow State which received coverage from The 405, The Blue Walrus, Goldflake Paint and featured in the Echoes and Dust Top 40 Albums of the Year at number six.
In June 2014, the band announced the follow-up album to The Narrow State entitled Appearances of Collections which was part-funded by a successful Kickstarter campaign. The album was released on 18 August 2014.

## Band members
### Current

* Joe Bartlett – bass guitar
* Hannah Morgan – violin
* Terry Murphy – viola
* Omar Rahwangi – drums
* Adam Stark – guitar, electronics
* Jay Malhotra – guitar

### Former

* Siew Cottis – viola
* Simon Stark – guitar

## Discography
### Albums

* The Narrow State (2012)
* Appearances of Collections (2014)

### EPs

* We Have Sound Houses Also (2010)

### Compilations

* We Make Our Own Mythologies (2011)
* A Cheery Wave From Stranded Youngsters: UK Post-Rock / Instrumental / Math-Rock (3rd Wave) (2011)

## Ethos

The band have aligned themselves with a number of charities and political movements. In March 2011 the band performed alongside Josie Long and speakers from UK Uncut and Unite the Union at an event promoting the 2011 anti-cuts protest in London led by the TUC. Rumour Cubes also performed at Lexapalooza in February 2011, in aid of Breast Cancer Campaign, and they have appeared on the We Make Our Own Mythologies compilation for Macmillan Cancer Support. The band played a Sunkan Dymonds benefit gig in July 2011 to raise money for the British Tinnitus Association.