OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waste book

A waste book was one of the books traditionally used in bookkeeping. It consisted of a daily diary of all transactions in chronological order. It differs from a daybook in that only a single waste book is kept, rather than a separate daybook for each of several categories. The waste book was intended for temporary use only; the information needed to be transcribed into a journal in order to begin to balance one's accounts. The book's name comes from the fact that once its information was transferred to the journal, the waste book was no longer needed.
The use of the waste book has declined with the advent of double-entry accounting.
Waste books were also used in the tradition of the commonplace book and note-taking. A well known example is Isaac Newton's Waste Book in which he did much of the development of the calculus. Another example is that of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, who called his waste books sudelbücher, and which were known to have influenced Leo Tolstoy, Albert Einstein, Andre Breton, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
   Merchants and traders have a waste book (Sudelbuch, Klitterbuch in German I believe) in which they enter daily everything they purchase and sell, messily, without order. From this, it is transferred to their journal, where everything appears more systematic, and finally to a ledger, in double entry after the Italian manner of bookkeeping, where one settles accounts with each man, once as debtor and then as creditor. This deserves to be imitated by scholars. First it should be entered in a book in which I record everything as I see it or as it is given to me in my thoughts; then it may be entered in another book in which the material is more separated and ordered, and the ledger might then contain, in an ordered expression, the connections and explanations of the material that flow from it. [46]
   —Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Waste Book E, #46, 1775–1776
In a general sense Cicero contrasted the short-lived memoranda of the merchant with the more carefully kept account book designed as a permanent record.
Francis Bacon compared one of his notebooks to a merchant’s waste book.
Francesco Sacchini recommended the use of two notebooks: “Not unlike attentive merchants... [who] keep two books, one small, the other large: the first you would call adversaria or a daybook (ephemerides), the second an account book (calendarium) and ledger (codex).”
# Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim

Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim (born 1960) is a former Chadian rebel leader. After signing a peace agreement with the government, he served as Minister of Defense for nine months in 2007.
Born in eastern Chad, of Tama ethnicity, Nour is a nephew of Mahamat Garfa and cousin of Mahamat Abbo Sileck.
He founded and led the rebel group Rally for Democracy and Liberty until it became a subsidiary to the United Front for Democratic Change rebel alliance, led by Nour and formed between 26-28 December 2005. Nour masterminded the Second Battle of Adré on December 18, 2005, that ended with the deaths of either 100 or 300 rebels. After the attack, Chadian President Idriss Déby declared a state of war with Sudan. The first battle of the Chad-Sudan conflict took place on December 26 when Chadian troops crossed the border with Sudan while pursuing the RDL.

## Interview with Opheera McDoom

Mohammed Nour was interviewed by Opheera McDoom, the first time he was interviewed by a western journalist, on 13 February 2006. He told McDoom that Chadian army deserters join UFDC ranks every day, and that the troops bring their weapons and supplies with them. Colonel Ahmed Youssef Bishara's defection alone brings 1,800 new troops. "There's not been anything as big as this in all my experience. Here we have many heavy weapons and many troops -- much more than Déby had. Déby has taken the money from the Chadian people -- now we want freedom. We have people in the high ranks with us. When Déby is sleeping we know what he just ate for dinner."

## Peace agreement

Nour signed a peace agreement with Déby in Tripoli, Libya on December 24, 2006, speaking of the need for reconciliation. Other rebel groups rejected this and said they would continue to fight. On March 4, 2007, he was named Minister of Defense as part of a cabinet reshuffle in the new government of Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye.
The disarming and integration of FUC fighters into the army, as provided for in the peace agreement, went poorly, and clashes erupted between FUC fighters and the army. Following fighting at Goz-Beïda on October 18, 2007, Nour ordered FUC fighters accept integration into the army, threatening that those who did not would face punishment for insubordination and would be considered deserters. The situation reportedly led to distrust between Déby and Nour and doubts about the loyalty of FUC fighters to the government. Amid escalating fighting in the east with another rebel group, the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development, Déby dismissed Nour from the government on December 1, 2007, without giving a reason. Nour's anti-Zaghawa sentiments were well known and so a break between Nour and Deby was only a matter of time. Nour took refuge in the Libyan embassy.
# Buddika Madushan

Buddika Madushan (born 17 November 1990) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2017–18 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 1 March 2018. He made his List A debut for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2017–18 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 11 March 2018.
# Ice hockey at the 1999 Asian Winter Games

Ice hockey at the 1999 Asian Winter Games took place in the Gangneung Indoor Ice Rink and the city of Gangneung, Gangwon, South Korea with men's and women's events contested.

## Schedule

| ● | Round | P | Preliminary round | ● | Final round | ● | Last round |
| Event↓/Date → | 30th Sat | 31st Sun | 1st Mon | 2nd Tue | 3rd Wed | 4th Thu | 5th Fri | 6th Sat |
| Men | | P | P | P | P | | ● | ● |
| Women | ● | ● | ● | ● | | ● | | |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men details | Kazakhstan Roman Krivomazov Vitaliy Novopashin Viktor Bystryantsev Vitaliy Tregubov Denis Shemelin Alexey Litvinenko Igor Nikitin Alexandr Gasnikov Petr Devyatkin Salim Prmanov Andrey Trochshinskiy Anatoliy Filatov Yerlan Sagymbayev Sergey Alexandrov Nikolay Zarzhytskiy Rustam Yessirkenov Sergey Ogureshnikov Anton Komissarov Sergey Nevstruyev Nik Antropov Dmitriy Upper Maxim Komissarov Kirill Zinovyev | Japan Akihito Isojima Fumitaka Miyauchi Nobuhiro Sugawara Yasunori Iwata Yutaka Kawaguchi Masaki Shirono Hideji Tsuchida Hiroyuki Murakami Kevin Kimura Takeshi Yamanaka Kunihiko Sakurai Akira Ihara Daniel Daikawa Shin Yahata Junji Sakata Masahisa Sarodo Kiyoshi Fujita Kengo Ito Junichi Takahashi Masahito Haruna Ryan Kuwabara Chris Yule Masakazu Sato | China Liu Xue Liu Wen Wang Dahai Yin Kai Zhao Liang Liu Lei Pan Zhiqiang Wang Zhanyong Chen Guanghua Liu Jiuming Zhang Shousheng Pan Yuqiang Wu Guofeng Liu Henan Luo Lei Su Yao Geng Hua Zhao Weidong Fu Lei Meng Xiangsen Zhang Lei Wang Yang |
| Women details | China Huo Lina Zhang Haiyan Liu Hongmei Li Xuan Li Yanan Lü Yan Yu Xiaolin Yang Xiuqing Sang Hong Chen Jing Hu Chunrong Diao Ying Zhang Jing Sun Rui Xu Lei Guo Lili Wang Wei Ma Xiaojun Wang Linuo Guo Hong | Japan Yuka Oda Haruka Watanabe Rie Sato Akiko Hatanaka Maiko Obikawa Naho Yoshimi Yuko Osanai Yoko Kondo Masako Sato Mitsuko Igarashi Hanae Kubo Aki Sudo Yuki Togawa Aki Tsuchida Akiko Naka Yoko Tamada Yukari Ono Etsuko Wada Ayumi Sato | Kazakhstan Anna Akimbetyeva Natalya Skobelkina Oxana Taikevich Yelena Shtelmaister Lyubov Vafina Olessya Mukomelo Marina Kurganova Olga Potapova Viktoriya Adiyeva Yelena Agapitova Dinara Dikambayeva Svetlana Echtchenko Natalya Yakovchuk Olga Kryukova Anna Skripnikova Svetlana Maltseva Mariya Prokopyeva |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## Final standing
### Men

| Rank | Team | Pld | W | D | L |
| | Kazakhstan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| | Japan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| | China | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | South Korea | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | Mongolia | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Kuwait | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |

### Women

| Rank | Team | Pld | W | D | L |
| | China | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| | Japan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| | Kazakhstan | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | South Korea | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
# Fred McCollum

Frederick Gwaltney "Buddy" McCollum Sr. (March 12, 1912 – April 11, 1978) was an American college football player and coach and athletics administrator. He was the head football coach at the Livingston State Teachers College (now the University of West Alabama) in 1946 and at the Troy State Teachers College (now Troy University) from 1947 to 1950.
McCollum was a member of the Auburn Tigers football team from 1931 to 1933 where he played the tackle position. Following his graduation, he served as an assistant coach for the Tigers in the 1941 season. In December 1941, McCollum was called into active duty with the United States Army to serve in World War II.
On his return, he was the head football coach at Livingston State for the 1946 season and compiled an overall record of four wins and two losses during his tenure. In the following season, McCollum took the head coaching position at Troy State. From 1947 to 1950, he compiled an overall record 20–18–3 with the Red Wave.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Livingston State Tigers (Alabama Intercollegiate Conference) (1946) ||||||
| 1946 | Livingston State | 4–2 | | | |
| Livingston State: | Livingston State: | 4–2 | | | |
| Troy State Red Wave (Alabama Intercollegiate Conference) (1947–1950) ||||||
| 1947 | Troy State | 5–4–1 | 2–1–1 | | |
| 1948 | Troy State | 6–5 | 3–1 | | L Paper Bowl |
| 1949 | Troy State | 6–3–1 | 2–0–1 | T–1st | |
| 1950 | Troy State | 3–6–1 | 1–1–1 | | |
| Troy State: | Troy State: | 20–18–3 | 8–3–3 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 24–20–3 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Azri'el

Azri'el (Hebrew: עַזְרִיאֵל) is a religious moshav in central Israel. Located near Tel Mond, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 876.

## History

Azriel was founded in 1951 by immigrants from Yemen. It was named after Azriel Hildesheimer, a founder of Modern Orthodox Judaism.
In 2006 the moshav approved an expansion plan to bring in new families. Twenty families moved in by the summer of 2008.
# Shehan Sandaruwan

Shehan Sandaruwan (born 4 August 1996) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2015–16 Premier League Tournament on 4 December 2015. He made his Twenty20 debut for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2018–19 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 18 February 2019. He made his List A debut on 9 April 2021, for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.
# Alexander Goldie

Alexander Goldie (15 November 1896 – 6 November 1918) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Kilmarnock.

## Personal life

Goldie was recorded as living at Mauchline Road, Riccarton, Ayrshire with his parents and two brothers in the 1901 census. He died of Spanish flu on 6 November 1918 aged 21.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | Scottish Cup | Scottish Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Kilmarnock | 1917-18 | Scottish Division One | 11 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 7 |
| Kilmarnock | 1918-19 | Scottish Division One | 23 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 9 |
| Club career total | Club career total | Club career total | 34 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 16 |
# Adil Shamoo

Adil E. Shamoo (born August 1, 1941) is an Iraqi biochemist with an interest in biomedical ethics and foreign policy. He is currently a professor at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Maryland.

## Professional

In 1998, he founded the journal Accountability in Research, and has served as its editor-in-chief since its inception. He is on the editorial boards of several other journals, including the Drug Information Journal. From 2000 to 2002, he served on the advisory committee for National Human Research Protections. Although he has an extensive list of publications in the fields of biochemistry and microbiology, he is currently busied by his work as an analyst for Foreign Policy In Focus, a project of the Institute for Policy Studies, a think tank, to which he has been contributing since 2005. Shamoo has also authored and co-authored many op-eds on U.S. foreign policy that have been published in newspapers across the country.
Shamoo is also currently occupied with his work in the field of ethics. Since 1991, he has taught a graduate course at the University of Maryland entitled "Responsible Conduct of Research". In 1995, he co-founded the human rights organization, Citizens for Responsible Care and Research (CIRCARE). In 2003, he chaired a Special Issue GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals' Ethics Advisory Group. Shamoo was then appointed to the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board (AFEB) of the United States Department of Defense as ethics consultant (2003–2004). Because he served as chairman on nine international conferences in ethics in research and human research protection, he was asked to testify before a congressional committee and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Since 2006, he has served on the Defense Health Board. And from 2006 to 2007,Shamoo was a member of the new Maryland Governor's Higher Education Transition Working Group. He was an invited participant and presenter in the 2007 New Year Renaissance Weekend.
Shamoo has held visiting professorships at the Institute for Political Studies in Paris, France and at East Carolina University.
Shamoo has been cited and/or appeared frequently in local and national media both print and television. He has published numerous articles and books.

## Personal

Shamoo currently resides in Columbia, MD with his wife and occasional co-author, Bonnie Bricker; his daughter, and stepdaughter. He has two sons and another stepdaughter who also all reside in the Washington Metropolitan Area.

## Early life and education

Shamoo was born and raised in Baghdad, Iraq. He is an ethnic Assyrian. He attended the University of Baghdad and graduated with a degree in physics in 1962. In 1966, he earned a Master's of Science in physics from the University of Louisville. Four years later, in 1970, he finished his Ph.D. in the program in Biology at the City University of New York.
# Clement Biddle

Colonel Clement Biddle (May 10, 1740 – July 14, 1814) was an American Revolutionary War soldier.

## Life

Biddle was born May 10, 1740, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to John Biddle and Sarah Owen. He was the younger brother of Owen Biddle, Sr. His great-grandson was Algernon Sydney Biddle.
Biddle was a part of the Society of Friends and helped organize the "Quaker Blues," a company of volunteers.
Biddle's first marriage was to Mary Richardson on June 6, 1764. They had one child, Francis, who died at childbirth. His second marriage was to Rebekah Cornell, the daughter of Rhode Island Chief Justice Gideon Cornell. They had four children: Frances (died at infancy), Thomas (born June 4, 1776), George Washington (February 21, 1779 – 1812), and Mary (born January 12, 1781).
He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1766.
During the American Revolutionary War, Biddle fought in the Battle of Princeton, the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Monmouth. He was the Commissary General at Valley Forge under George Washington, and his headquarters was at Moore Hall. Biddle resigned from the Army in 1780. In 1781, Biddle was made quarter-master general of the Pennsylvanian troops.
After the Revolutionary War, he was the first U.S. Marshal (1789–1793) for Pennsylvania.
In the 1790 census, Biddle's jobs were "Notary, Scrivener, and Broker," which made him a rich man.

## Death

He died in Philadelphia on July 14, 1814, and is buried at Christ Church in Philadelphia.
# Alfonso Luna

Alfonso Luna Islas (born 23 January 1990) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a defender for Alebrijes de Oaxaca.
# Millicent Browne

Millicent Louisa Browne (25 December 1881 – 8 February 1975), later Millicent Price, was a British teacher, suffragist and pacifist. She was nicknamed "Militant Browne" by Frederick Pethwick-Lawrence.

## Early life

Browne was born in London, where her father Walter Browne was an actor and baritone singer. Her parents’ marriage ended around 1884 and her mother Ellen Phyllis Browne took her and her two sisters to live in York. Her mother was a descendant of William Wilberforce.
Browne was educated at Castlegate College, York, then was a pupil-teacher at the Priory Street School. She trained as a teacher at Swansea Training College until 1902, before teaching at Beeston School in Leeds and Scarcroft School in York.

## Suffragist activism

Browne was a campaigner for the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and in 1907 was posted to the branch in Bristol, where she became a close friend of Annie Kenney. She travelled around Britain giving talks in support of Women's suffrage, including in Derbyshire, Wiltshire, and Rhyl and Llandudno in Wales.
Whilst campaigning in Bristol, Browne met her future husband Reginald Charles Price. Price was a Bristol Universitystudent who helped to defend a group of suffragettes when they were protesting. His father was a well known Birmingham jeweller.
Browne was invited to Emily Blathwayt's home at Eagle House, Batheaston where the leading suffragettes recouped. Significant visitors were asked to plant a tree to record their achievements on behalf of the cause e.g. a prison sentence. On 4 July 1909 Browne planted not a tree but a holly bush. Linley Blathwayt took her picture and recorded the planting. Most of the trees were destroyed in the 1960s, but Browne's plaque is one of the few to have survived.
Browne was a pacifist and Quaker, as well as a supporter of the campaign for women's enfranchisement, and left the WSPU in 1911 when their tactics became more militant and violent.

## Later life

During World War I, Browne worked for the Friends War Victims Relief Committee to support Belgian war refugees. As her husband was a pacifist and Quaker like his wife, he was a conscientious objector. The couple later supported peace organisations.
Browne wrote her autobiography in 1935 and copies are held in the archives in York and at the Women's Library in London.
She died in 1975.
# Kasun Vidura

Kasun Vidura (born 6 October 1993) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Chilaw Marians Cricket Club in the 2012–13 Premier Trophy on 1 March 2013.
# West Virginia Route 36

West Virginia Route 36 is a north–south state highway in West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 4 in Maysel. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 119 in Spencer.
The route includes the Carrollton Covered Bridge where the road crosses the Buckhannon River in Barbour County.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | Destinations | Notes |
| Clay | ​ | WV 4 | |
| Roane | Wallback | I-79 – Charleston, Clarksburg | I-79 exit 34 |
| Roane | ​ | US 119 – Clendenin, Spencer | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Get It How U Live!

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Get It How U Live!! is the debut album by New Orleans hip-hop group the Hot Boys, released on October 28, 1997, on Cash Money Records. The album sold over 300,000 copies, primarily in New Orleans following B.G.'s success. It peaked at No. 37 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart in 1997.

## Track listing

* All tracks featured on the album were produced by Mannie Fresh.
Samples credits
* "I'm A Hot Boy" contains a sample of "Welcome 2 Tha Section" performed by Juvenile and features B.G., Mannie Fresh & Bullet Proof.
# James Douglas Miller

James Douglas Miller FRSE (20 July 1937 – 23 August 1995) was a Scottish neurosurgeon of international repute. The Douglas Miller Memorial Lecture is named in his honour.

## Life

He was born in Glasgow on 20 July 1937. His father was an executive at Collins the publisher. He was educated at Glasgow Academy then studied medicine at the University of Glasgow graduating with an MB ChB. Meeting Bryan Jennett he was inspired to be a neurosurgeon.
From 1962 to 1965 he was Surgical Senior House Officer at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. From 1965 to 1967 he was a Medical Research Council Fellow. In 1969 he went to America to the University of Pennsylvania to study under Dr Langfitt. In 1971 he returned to Scotland and began lecturing in neurosurgery at the University of Glasgow. In 1975 he became Professor of Neurosurgery at the Medical College of Virginia and in 1981 returned to Scotland as Professor of Surgical Neurology at the University of Edinburgh. He was also a practising neurosurgeon at Edinburgh's Western General Hospital. Noted Indian neurosurgeon B. K. Misra is one of his students.
In 1992 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Phillip Harris, Cameron Gould, Sir Patrick Forrest and Sir Abraham Goldberg.
He died of a heart attack in Edinburgh on 23 August 1995.

## Family

In 1965 he was married to Margaret (Margot) Rainey. They had two sons, Derek and Kenneth.
# West Virginia Route 598

West Virginia Route 598 is a v-shaped state highway located entirely within Bluefield, West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at the Virginia state line (and southern city limits of Bluefield), where WV 598 continues southward as Virginia State Route 598. The northern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 52 in Bluefield.
WV 598 is a former alignment of US 21 and US 52, the latter of which now runs through the East River Mountain Tunnel with I-77.

## Route description

From its southern terminus at SR 598, WV 598 runs to the south-southwest for roughly two miles before intersecting U.S. Route 460. The two routes form a concurrency to the west for a quarter of a mile, where WV 598 turns north onto Cherry Drive. A short distance to the north, as Washington Street, WV 598 reaches the intersection of Washington Street and Cumberland Road. WV 598 turns east onto Cumberland Road for a quarter of a mile to an intersection with US 52.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Bluefield, Mercer County.
| mi | Destinations | Notes |
| | SR 598 south (East River Mountain Road) – Rocky Gap, Bland, Wytheville | Virginia state line (East River Mountain) |
| | US 460 west – Tazewell, VA | Southern end of US 460 concurrency |
| | US 460 east to US 52 south – Princeton | Northern end of US 460 concurrency |
| | US 52 – Downtown Bluefield, Welch | Northern terminus of WV 598 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||