# 1901 Canadian census

The 1901 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. The census was started on June 1, 1901. All reports had been received by February 26, 1902. The total population count of Canada was 5,371,315. This was an increase of 11% over the 1891 census of 4,833,239.
The previous census was the 1891 census and the following census was the Northwest Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba 1906 census. This census was the first census in which all then-admitted provinces recorded a population of at least 100,000, which would not be replicated until 1961.

## Census summary

Information was collected on the following subjects, with eleven "schedules" or census data collection forms associated with each subject:
* Living persons
* Buildings and lands, churches, and schools
* Deaths
* Farm land, fruits and plantations
* Field products
* Live stock and animal products
* Agricultural values
* Manufactures
* Forest products and furs
* Fisheries
* Mines

## Canada by the numbers

A summary of information about Canada.
| Total population | 5,371,315 |
| Houses | 1,028,892 |
| Families | 1,070,747 |
| Men | 2,751,708 |
| Women | 2,619,607 |
| Urban population | 3,349,516 |
| Rural population | 2,021,799 |

## Population by province

| Province | 1901 census | 1891 census | % change |
| Ontario | 2,182,947 | 2,114,321 | 3.2 |
| Quebec | 1,648,898 | 1,488,535 | 10.8 |
| Nova Scotia | 459,574 | 450,396 | 2.0 |
| New Brunswick | 331,120 | 321,263 | 3.1 |
| Manitoba | 255,211 | 152,506 | 67.3 |
| British Columbia | 178,657 | 98,173 | 82.0 |
| Prince Edward Island | 103,259 | 109,078 | -5.3 |
| Assiniboia Territory | 67,385 | 30,372 | 121.9 |
| Alberta Territory | 65,876 | 25,277 | 160.6 |
| Saskatchewan Territory | 25,679 | 11,150 | 130.3 |
| Unorganized Territories | 52,709 | 32,168 | 63.9 |
| Total | 5,371,315 | 4,833,239 | 11.1 |
Yukon, then one of six districts of the Unorganized Territories, was first enumerated in this census, with a population of 27,219. Its demographics would not recover until 1991.

## City rankings

All cities and towns with a population of 7,000 or above are included.
| Rank | City or Town | Province | Population (1901) |
| 01 | Montreal | Quebec | 267,730 |
| 02 | Toronto | Ontario | 208,040 |
| 03 | Quebec | Quebec | 68,840 |
| 04 | Ottawa | Ontario | 59,928 |
| 05 | Hamilton | Ontario | 52,634 |
| 06 | Winnipeg | Manitoba | 42,340 |
| 07 | Halifax | Nova Scotia | 40,832 |
| 08 | St. John | New Brunswick | 40,711 |
| 09 | London | Ontario | 37,981 |
| 10 | Vancouver | British Columbia | 26,133 |
| 11 | St. Henri | Quebec | 21,192 |
| 12 | Victoria | British Columbia | 20,816 |
| 13 | Kingston | Ontario | 17,961 |
| 14 | Brantford | Ontario | 16,619 |
| 15 | Hull | Quebec | 13,993 |
| 16 | Windsor | Ontario | 12,153 |
| 17 | Charlottetown | Prince Edward Island | 12,080 |
| 18 | Sherbrooke | Quebec | 11,765 |
| 19 | Guelph | Ontario | 11,496 |
| 20 | St. Thomas | Ontario | 11,485 |
| 21 | Peterborough | Ontario | 11,239 |
| 22 | Valleyfield | Quebec | 11,055 |
| 23 | St. Louis du Mile End | Quebec | 10,933 |
| 24 | Ste. Cunégonde | Quebec | 10,912 |
| 25 | Trois-Rivières | Quebec | 9,981 |
| 26 | Stratford | Ontario | 9,959 |
| 27 | St. Catharines | Ontario | 9,946 |
| 28 | Sydney | Nova Scotia | 9,909 |
| 29 | Berlin | Ontario | 9,747 |
| 30 | St. Hyacinthe | Quebec | 9,210 |
| 31 | Dawson | Yukon | 9,142 |
| 32 | Belleville | Ontario | 9,117 |
| 33 | Chatham | Ontario | 9,068 |
| 34 | Moncton | New Brunswick | 9,026 |
| 35 | Brockville | Ontario | 8,940 |
| 36 | Westmount | Quebec | 8,856 |
| 37 | Woodstock | Woodstock | 8,833 |
| 38 | Owen Sound | Ontario | 8,776 |
| 39 | Sarnia | Ontario | 8,176 |
| 40 | Galt | Ontario | 7,866 |
| 41 | Lévis | Quebec | 7,783 |
| 42 | Sault Ste. Marie | Ontario | 7,169 |
| 43 | Fredericton | New Brunswick | 7,117 |
| 44 | Sorel | Quebec | 7,057 |
| 45 | Lindsay | Ontario | 7,003 |