# List of birds of Spain

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Spain. The area covered by this list is mainland Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, and three small Spanish enclaves on the North African shore. The avifauna of Spain included a total of 664 species recorded in the wild by 2022 according to Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife) with supplemental additions from Avibase. 24 have been introduced by humans, six of which also have possibly wild-origin records. Three species have not been recorded since 1950, 8 are endemic to Spanish islands, and one of the endemic species is extinct.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The Spanish names in parentheses are from the SEO/BirdLife list.
The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence.
* (A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs anywhere in Spain
* (A) Accidental in limited area – a species found regularly in mainland Spain but accidentally in the Canary Islands or the North African enclaves.
* (E) Endemic – a species found only in Spain, with the location appended
* (Ex) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in Spain although populations exist elsewhere
* (I) Introduced – a species introduced to Spain as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions and that has an established population
* (B) Category B - species which have not been recorded in Spain since 1950
* (D) Category D – species for which there are reasonable doubts as to their wild origin
* (I/D) species with individuals of possible wild origin in addition to the introduced population
An additional note such as (Canary Islands only) means that the species has been recorded solely in that locality. Species without a note of that type have been recorded at a minimum in mainland Spain. The notes of population status such as "endangered" apply to the world population and are from Bird Checklists of the World.

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
* White-faced whistling-duck (suirirí cariblanco), Dendrocygna viduata (A, D)
* Fulvous whistling-duck (suirirí bicolor), Dendrocygna bicolor (A, D)
* Bar-headed goose (ánsar indio), Anser indicus (I)
* Snow goose (ánsar nival), Anser caerulescens (A)
* Graylag goose (ánsar común), Anser anser (A)
* Greater white-fronted goose (ánsar careto), Anser albifrons (A – Canary Islands)
* Lesser white-fronted goose (ánsar chico), Anser erythropus (A) vulnerable
* Taiga bean-goose (ánsar campestre), Anser fabalis (A)
* Tundra bean-goose (ánsar de la tundra), Anser serrirostris (A)
* Pink-footed goose (ánsar piquicorto), Anser brachyrhynchus (A – Canary Islands)
* Brant (barnacla carinegra), Branta bernicla (A – Canary Islands)
* Barnacle goose (barnacla cariblanca), Branta leucopsis (A)
* Cackling goose (barnacla canadiense chica), Branta hutchinsii (A, D)
* Canada goose (barnacla canadiense grande), Branta canadensis (I)
* Red-breasted goose (barnacla cuellirroja), Branta ruficollis (A) vulnerable
* Mute swan (cisne vulgar), Cygnus olor
* Black swan (cisne negro), Cygnus atratus (I)
* Tundra swan (cisne chico), Cygnus columbianus (A)
* Whooper swan (cisne cantor), Cygnus cygnus (A)
* Egyptian goose (ganso del Nilo), Alopochen aegyptiaca (I)
* Ruddy shelduck (tarro canelo), Tadorna ferruginea (A – Canary Islands)
* Common shelduck (tarro blanco), Tadorna tadorna
* Muscovy duck (pato criollo), Cairina moschata (I – Canary Islands only)
* Wood duck (pato joyuyo), Aix sponsa (A, D)
* Mandarin duck (pato mandarín), Aix galericulata (I – Canary Islands only)
* Baikal teal (cerceta del Baikal), Sibirionetta formosa (A) vulnerable
* Garganey (cerceta carretona), Spatula querquedula
* Blue-winged teal (cerceta aliazul), Spatula discors (A)
* Cinnamon teal (cerceta colorada), Spatula cyanoptera (A, D)
* Northern shoveler (cuchara común), Spatula clypeata
* Gadwall (ánade friso), Mareca strepera
* Falcated duck (cerceta de alfanjes), Mareca falcata (A) near-threatened
* Eurasian wigeon (silbón europeo), Mareca penelope
* American wigeon (silbón americano), Mareca americana (A)
* Mallard (ánade azulón), Anas platyrhynchos
* American black duck (ánade sombrío), Anas rubripes (A)
* Northern pintail (ánade rabudo norteño), Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal (cerceta común), Anas crecca
* Marbled teal (cerceta pardilla), Marmaronetta angustirostris vulnerable
* Red-crested pochard (pato colorado), Netta rufina
* Common pochard (porrón europeo), Aythya ferina vulnerable
* Ring-necked duck (porrón acollarado), Aythya collaris (A)
* Ferruginous duck (porrón pardo), Aythya nyroca (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened
* Tufted duck (porrón moñudo), Aythya fuligula
* Greater scaup (porrón bastardo), Aythya marila (A – Canary Islands)
* Lesser scaup (porrón bola), Aythya affinis (A)
* King eider (éider real), Somateria spectabilis (A)
* Common eider (éider común), Somateria mollissima near-threatened
* Surf scoter (negrón careto), Melanitta perspicillata (A)
* Velvet scoter (negrón especulado), Melanitta fusca
* White-winged scoter (negrón aliblanco), Melanitta deglandi (A)
* Stejneger's scoter (negrón siberiano), Melanitta stejnegeri (A)
* Common scoter (negrón común), Melanitta nigra (A – Canary Islands)
* Black scoter (negrón americano), Melanitta americana (A) near-threatened
* Long-tailed duck (pato havelda), Clangula hyemalis (A – Canary Islands) vulnerable
* Bufflehead (porrón albeola), Bucephala albeola (A)
* Common goldeneye (porrón osculado), Bucephala clangula (A)
* Barrow's goldeneye (porrón islándico), Bucephala islandica (A)
* Smew (serreta chica), Mergellus albellus (A)
* Hooded merganser (serreta capuchona), Lophodytes cucullatus (A)
* Common merganser (serreta grande), Mergus merganser (A)
* Red-breasted merganser (serreta mediana), Mergus serrator (A – Canary Islands)
* Ruddy duck (malvasía canela), Oxyura jamaicensis (I)
* White-headed duck (malvasía cabeciblanca), Oxyura leucocephala endangered

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
* Hazel grouse (grévol común), Tetrastes bonasia (Ex)
* Willow ptarmigan (lagópodo común), Lagopus lagopus (A)
* Rock ptarmigan (lagópodo alpino), Lagopus muta
* Western capercaillie (urogallo común), Tetraus urogallus
* Gray partridge (perdiz pardilla), Perdix perdix
* Ring-necked pheasant (faisán común), Phasianus colchicus (I)
* Black francolin (francolín ventrinegro), Francolinus francolinus (Ex)
* Common quail (codorniz común), Coturnix coturnix
* Barbary partridge (perdiz moruna), Alectoris barbara (I)
* Red-legged partridge (perdiz roja), Alectoris rufa

## Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
* Greater flamingo (flamenco común), Phoenicopterus roseus
* Lesser flamingo (flamenco enano), Phoeniconaias minor (A) near-threatened

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
* Little grebe (zampullín común), Tachybaptus ruficollis (A – Canary Islands)
* Pied-billed grebe (zampullín picogrueso), Podilymbus podiceps (A)
* Horned grebe (zampullín cuellirrojo), Podiceps auritus vulnerable
* Red-necked grebe (somormujo cuellirrojo), Podiceps grisegena (A)
* Great crested grebe (somormujo lavanco), Podiceps cristatus
* Eared grebe (zampullín cuellinegro), Podiceps nigricollis

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
* Rock pigeon (paloma bravía), Columba livia (I)
* Stock dove (paloma zurita), Columba oenas
* Common wood-pigeon (paloma torcaz), Columba palumbus
* Bolle's pigeon (paloma turqué), Columba bollii (E – Canary Islands)
* Laurel pigeon (paloma rabiche), Columba junoniae (E – Canary Islands) near-threatened
* European turtle-dove (tórtola europea), Streptopelia turtur vulnerable
* Oriental turtle-dove (tórtola oriental), Streptopelia orientalis (A)
* Eurasian collared-dove (tórtola turca), Streptopelia decaocto
* African collared-dove (tórtola rosigrís), Streptopelia roseogrisea (I)
* Laughing dove (tórtola senegalesa), Streptopelia senegalensis (A)
* Namaqua dove (tórtola rabilarga), Oena capensis (A, D)
* Mourning dove (zenaida huilota), Zenaida macroura (A, D)

## Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
* Pallas's sandgrouse (ganga de Pallas), Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)
* Pin-tailed sandgrouse (ganga ibérica), Pterocles alchata
* Spotted sandgrouse (ganga moteada), Pterocles senegallus (A)
* Black-bellied sandgrouse (ganga ortega), Pterocles orientalis

## Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
* Great bustard (avutarda euroasiática), Otis tarda vulnerable
* Houbara bustard (avutarda hubara africana), Chlamydotis undulata (Canary Islands only) vulnerable
* Little bustard (sisón común), Tetrax tetrax near-threatened

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
* Great spotted cuckoo (críalo europeo), Clamator glandarius
* Yellow-billed cuckoo (cuclillo piquigualdo), Coccyzus americanus (A)
* Common cuckoo (cuco común), Cuculus canorus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
* Common nighthawk (añapero yanqui), Chordeiles minor (A)
* Red-necked nightjar (chotacabras cuellirrojo), Caprimulgus ruficollis
* Eurasian nightjar (chotacabras europeo), Caprimulgus europaeus
* Egyptian nightjar (chotacabras egipcio), Caprimulgus aegyptius (A – Canary Islands only)

## Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
* Chimney swift (vencejo de chimenea), Chaetura pelagica (A) vulnerable
* White-throated needletail (vencejo mongol), Hirundapus caudacutus (A)
* Alpine swift (vencejo real), Apus melba
* Common swift (vencejo común), Apus apus
* Plain swift (vencejo unicolor), Apus unicolor
* Pallid swift (vencejo pálido), Apus pallidus
* Pacific swift (vencejo del Pacífico), Apus pacificus (A)
* Little swift (vencejo moro), Apus affinis (A – Canary Islands)
* White-rumped swift (vencejo cafre), Apus caffer (A – Canary Islands)

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
* Water rail (rascón europeo), Rallus aquaticus
* Corn crake (guión de codornices), Crex crex (A)
* African crake (guión africano), Crex egregia (A)
* Sora (polluela sora), Porzana carolina (A)
* Spotted crake (polluela pintoja), Porzana porzana
* Lesser moorhen (gallineta chica), Gallinula angulata (A)
* Eurasian moorhen (gallineta común), Gallinula chloropus
* Eurasian coot (focha común), Fulica atra
* Red-knobbed coot (focha moruna), Fulica cristata
* American coot (focha americana), Fulica americana (A)
* Allen's gallinule (calamoncillo africano), Porphyrio alleni (A)
* Purple gallinule (calamoncillo americano), Porphyrio martinicus (A)
* Western swamphen (calamón común), Porphyrio porphyrio
* African swamphen (calamón africano), Porphyrio madagascariensis (A)
* Striped crake (polluela culirroja), Amaurornis marginalis (A)
* Little crake (polluela bastarda), Zapornia parva (A – Canary Islands)
* Baillon's crake (polluela chica), Zapornia pusilla (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
* Demoiselle crane (grulla damisela), Virgo anthropoids (A)
* Sandhill crane (grulla canadiense), Antigone canadensis (A)
* Common crane (grulla común), Grus grus (A – Canary Islands)

## Sheathbills

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Chionididae
The sheathbills are scavengers of the Antarctic regions. They have white plumage and look plump and dove-like but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns.
* Snowy sheathbill (paloma antártica), Chionis albus (A)

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
* Eurasian thick-knee (alcaraván común), Burhinus oedicnemus

## Egyptian plover

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Pluvianidae
The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River.
* Egyptian plover (pluvial), Pluvianus aegyptius (A)

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
* Black-winged stilt (cigüeñuela común), Himantopus himantopus
* Pied avocet (avoceta común), Recurvirostra avosetta

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
* Eurasian oystercatcher (ostrero euroasiático), Haematopus ostralegus
* American oystercatcher (ostrero común americano), Haematopus palliatus (A)
* Canarian oystercatcher (ostrero negro canario), Haematopus meadewaldoi (E – Canary Islands) extinct

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
* Black-bellied plover (chorlito gris), Pluvialis squatarola
* European golden-plover (chorlito dorado europeo), Pluvialis apricaria
* American golden-plover (chorlito dorado americano), Pluvialis dominica (A)
* Pacific golden-plover (chorlito dorado siberiano), Pluvialis fulva (A)
* Northern lapwing (avefría europea), Vanellus vanellus near-threatened
* Sociable lapwing (avefría sociable), Vanellus gregarius (A) critically endangered
* White-tailed lapwing (avefría coliblanca), Vanellus leucurus (A)
* Lesser sand-plover (chorlitejo mongol chico), Charadrius mongolus (A)
* Greater sand-plover (chorlitejo mongol grande), Charadrius leschenaultii (A)
* Kittlitz's plover (chorlitejo pecuario), Charadrius pecuarius (A)
* Kentish plover (chorlitejo patinegro), Charadrius alexandrinus
* Common ringed plover (chorlitejo grande), Charadrius hiaticula
* Semipalmated plover (chorlitejo semipalmeado), Charadrius semipalmatus (A)
* Little ringed plover (chorlitejo chico), Charadrius dubius
* Killdeer (chorlitejo culirrojo), Charadrius vociferus (A)
* Eurasian dotterel (chorlito carambolo), Charadrius morinellus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
* Upland sandpiper (correlimos batitú), Bartramia longicauda (A)
* Whimbrel (zarapito trinador), Numenius phaeopus
* Slender-billed curlew (zarapito fino), Numenius tenuirostris (A) critically endangered
* Eurasian curlew (zarapito real), Numenius arquata near-threatened
* Bar-tailed godwit (aguja colipinta), Limosa lapponica near-threatened
* Black-tailed godwit (aguja colinegra), Limosa limosa near-threatened
* Hudsonian godwit (aguja café), Limosa haemastica (A)
* Ruddy turnstone (vuelvepiedras común), Arenaria interpres
* Great knot (correlimos grande), Calidris tenuirostris (A) endangered
* Red knot (correlimos gordo), Calidris canutus near-threatened
* Ruff (combatiente), Calidris pugnax
* Broad-billed sandpiper (correlimos falcinelo), Calidris falcinellus (A)
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper (correlimos acuminado), Calidris acuminata (A)
* Stilt sandpiper (correlimos zancolín), Calidris himantopus (A)
* Curlew sandpiper (correlimos zarapitín), Calidris ferruginea near-threatened
* Temminck's stint (correlimos de Temminck), Calidris temminckii (A – Canary Islands)
* Red-necked stint (correlimos cuellirrojo), Calidris ruficollis (A) near-threatened
* Sanderling (correlimos tridáctilo), Calidris alba
* Dunlin (correlimos común), Calidris alpina
* Purple sandpiper (correlimos oscuro), Calidris maritima (A – Canary Islands)
* Baird's sandpiper (correlimos de Baird), Calidris bairdii (A)
* Little stint (correlimos menudo), Calidris minuta
* Least sandpiper (correlimos menudillo), Calidris minutilla (A)
* White-rumped sandpiper (correlimos culiblanco), Calidris fuscicollis (A)
* Buff-breasted sandpiper (correlimos canelo), Calidris subruficollis (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened
* Pectoral sandpiper (correlimos pectoral), Calidris melanotos
* Semipalmated sandpiper (correlimos semipalmeado), Calidris pusilla (A) near-threatened
* Western sandpiper (correlimos de Alaska), Calidris mauri (A)
* Short-billed dowitcher (agujeta gris), Limnodromus griseus (A)
* Long-billed dowitcher (agujeta escolopácea), Limnodromus scolopaceus (A)
* Jack snipe (agachadiza chica), Lymnocryptes minimus
* Eurasian woodcock (chocha perdiz), Scolopax rusticola
* Great snipe (agachadiza real), Gallinago media (A) near-threatened
* Common snipe (agachadiza común), Gallinago gallinago
* Wilson's snipe (agachadiza de Wilson), Gallinago delicata (A – Canary Islands only)
* Terek sandpiper (andarríos del Terek), Xenus cinereus (A)
* Wilson's phalarope (falaropo tricolor), Phalaropus tricolor (A)
* Red-necked phalarope (falaropo picofino), Phalaropus lobatus (A – Canary Islands)
* Red phalarope (falaropo picogrueso), Phalaropus fulicarius
* Common sandpiper (andarríos chico), Actitis hypoleucos
* Spotted sandpiper (andarríos maculado), Actitis macularius (A)
* Green sandpiper (andarríos grande), Tringa ochropus
* Solitary sandpiper (andarríos solitario), Tringa solitaria (A)
* Spotted redshank (archibebe oscuro), Tringa erythropus
* Greater yellowlegs (archibebe patigualdo grande), Tringa melanoleuca (A)
* Common greenshank (archibebe claro), Tringa nebularia
* Lesser yellowlegs (archibebe patigualdo chico), Tringa flavipes (A)
* Marsh sandpiper (archibebe fino), Tringa stagnatilis (A – Canary Islands)
* Wood sandpiper (andarríos bastardo), Tringa glareola
* Common redshank (archibebe común), Tringa totanus

## Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
* Small buttonquail (torillo andaluz), Turnix sylvaticus (Ex)

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
* Cream-colored courser (corredor sahariano), Cursorius cursor (Canary Islands only)
* Collared pratincole (canastera común), Glareola pratincola
* Black-winged pratincole (canastera alinegra), Glareola nordmanni (A) near-threatened

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
* Great skua (págalo grande), Stercorarius skua
* South polar skua (págalo polar), Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
* Pomarine jaeger (págalo pomarino), Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger (págalo parásito), Stercorarius parasiticus
* Long-tailed jaeger (págalo rabero), Stercorarius longicaudus (A)

## Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits; however, they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
* Dovekie (mérgulo atlántico), Alle alle (A)
* Common murre (arao común), Uria aalge
* Razorbill (alca común), Alca torda near-threatened
* Black guillemot (arao aliblanco), Cepphus grylle (A)
* Ancient murrelet (mérgulo antiguo), Synthliboramphus antiquus (A)
* Atlantic puffin (frailecillo atlántico), Fratercula arctica

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
* Black-legged kittiwake (gaviota tridáctila), Rissa tridactyla vulnerable
* Sabine's gull (gaviota de Sabine), Xema sabini (A)
* Slender-billed gull (gaviota picofina), Chroicocephalus genei
* Bonaparte's gull (gaviota de Bonaparte), Chroicocephalus philadelphia (A)
* Gray-hooded gull (gaviota cabecigrís), Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (A)
* Black-headed gull (gaviota reidora), Chroicocephalus ridibundus
* Little gull (gaviota enana), Hydrocoloeus minutus
* Ross's gull (gaviota rosada), Rhodostethia rosea (A)
* Laughing gull (gaviota guanaguanare), Leucophaeus atricilla (A)
* Franklin's gull (gaviota pipizcán), Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
* Mediterranean gull (gaviota cabecinegra), Ichthyaetus melanocephalus
* Pallas's gull (gavión cabecinegro), Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus (A)
* Audouin's gull (gaviota de Audouin), Ichthyaetus audouinii
* Common gull (gaviota cana), Larus canus
* Ring-billed gull (gaviota de Delaware), Larus delawarensis
* Herring gull (gaviota argéntea europea), Larus argentatus
* Yellow-legged gull (gaviota patiamarilla), Larus michahellis
* Caspian gull (gaviota del Caspio), Larus cachinnans (A)
* Iceland gull (gaviota groenlandesa), Larus glaucoides (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)
* Lesser black-backed gull (gaviota sombría), Larus fuscus
* Glaucous-winged gull (gaviota de Bering), Larus glaucescens (A – Canary Islands only)
* Glaucous gull (gavión hiperbóreo), Larus hyperboreus (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)
* Great black-backed gull (gavión atlántico), Larus marinus
* Kelp gull (gaviota cocinera), Larus dominicanus (A)
* Sooty tern (charrán sombrío), Onychoprion fuscatus (A)
* Bridled tern (charrán embridado), Onychoprion anaethetus (A)
* Little tern (charrancito común), Sternula albifrons
* Least tern (charrancito americano), Sternula antillarum (A – Canary Islands)
* Gull-billed tern (pagaza piconegra), Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern (pagaza piquirroja), Hydroprogne caspia (A – Canary Islands)
* Black tern (fumarel común), Chlidonias niger
* White-winged tern (fumarel aliblanco), Chlidonias leucopterus (A – Canary Islands)
* Whiskered tern (fumarel cariblanco), Chlidonias hybrida
* Roseate tern (charrán rosado), Sterna dougallii
* Common tern (charrán común), Sterna hirundo
* Arctic tern (charrán ártico), Sterna paradisaea (A)
* Forster's tern (charrán de Forster), Sterna forsteri (A)
* White-cheeked tern (charrán arábigo), Sterna repressa (A)
* Sandwich tern (charrán patinegro), Thalasseus sandvicensis
* Elegant tern (charrán elegante), Thalasseus elegans (A) near-threatened
* Lesser crested tern (charrán bengalí), Thalasseus bengalensis (A – Canary Islands)
* West African crested tern (charrán real), Thalasseus albididorsalis (A)

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
* Red-billed tropicbird (rabijunco etéreo), Phaeton aetherius (A)

## Loons

Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.
* Red-throated loon (colimbo chico), Gavia stellata
* Arctic loon (colimbo ártico), Gavia arctica (A – Canary Islands)
* Pacific loon (colimbo del Pacífico), Gavia pacifica (A)
* Common loon (colimbo grande), Gavia immer (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)

## Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic.
* Yellow-nosed albatross (albatros chlororrinco), Thalassarche chlororhynchos (A)
* Black-browed albatross (albatros ojeroso), Thalassarche melanophris (A)

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
Southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
* Wilson's storm-petrel (paíño de Wilson), Oceanites oceanicus
* White-faced storm-petrel (paíño pechialbo), Pelagodroma marina (A)
* Black-bellied storm-petrel (paíño ventrinegro), Fregetta tropica (A – Canary Islands only)

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
* European storm-petrel (paíño europeo), Hydrobates pelagicus
* Leach's storm-petrel (paíño boreal), Hydrobates leucorheus vulnerable
* Swinhoe's storm-petrel (paíño de Swinhoe), Hydrobates monorhis (A) near-threatened
* Band-rumped storm-petrel (paíño de Madeira), Hydrobates castro (A)

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
* Northern fulmar (fulmar boreal), Fulmarus glacialis (A – Canary Islands)
* Cape petrel (petrel damero), Daption capense (A)
* Great-winged petrel (pardela de alas grandes), Pterodroma macroptera (A)
* Zino's petrel (petrel freira), Pterodroma madeira (A) endangered
* Fea's petrel (petrel gongón), Pterodroma feae (A)
* Black-capped petrel (petrel antillano), Pterodroma hasitata (A)
* Bulwer's petrel (petrel de Bulwer), Bulweria bulwerii (A)
* Cory's shearwater (pardela cenicienta), Calonectris diomedea
* Cape Verde shearwater (pardela cenicienta caboverdiana), Calonectris edwardsii (A – Canary Islands only) near-threatened
* Great shearwater (pardela capirotada), Ardenna gravis
* Sooty shearwater (pardela sombría), Ardenna griseus (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened
* Short-tailed shearwater (pardela de Tasmania), Ardenna tenuirostris (A)
* Manx shearwater (pardela pichoneta), Puffinus puffinus
* Yelkouan shearwater (pardela mediterránea), Puffinus yelkouan vulnerable
* Balearic shearwater (pardela balear), Puffinus mauretanicus (A – Canary Islands) critically endangered
* Barolo shearwater (pardela chica), Puffinus baroli (A)
* Boyd's shearwater (pardela chica de Cabo Verde), Puffinus boydi (A – Canary Islands only)

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
* Black stork (cigüeña negra), Ciconia nigra
* White stork (cigüeña blanca), Ciconia ciconia
* Marabou stork (marabú africano), Leptoptilos crumenifer (A, D)
* Yellow-billed stork (tántalo africano), Mycteria ibis (A, D)

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
* Magnificent frigatebird (rabihorcado magnífico), Fregata magnificens (A)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
* Masked booby (piquero enmascarado), Sula dactylatra (A)
* Brown booby (piquero pardo), Sula leucogaster (A)
* Red-footed booby (piquero patirrojo), Sula sula (A)
* Northern gannet (alcatraz atlántico), Morus bassanus
* Cape gannet (alcatraz de El Cabo), Morus capensis (A)

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
* Long-tailed cormorant (cormorán africano), Microcarbo africanus (A, D)
* Pygmy cormorant (cormorán pigmeo), Microcarbo pygmeus (A) near-threatened
* Great cormorant (cormorán grande), Phalacrocorax carbo
* European shag (cormorán moñudo), Gulosus aristotelis
* Double-crested cormorant (cormorán orejudo), Nannopterum auritum (A – Canary Islands only)

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
* Great white pelican (pelícano común), Pelecanus onocrotalus
* Pink-backed pelican (pelícano rosado), Pelecanus rufescens (A, D)
* Dalmatian pelican (pelícano ceñudo), Pelecanus crispus (A, D) near-threatened

## Heron, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
* American bittern (avetoro lentiginoso), Botaurus lentiginosus (A)
* Great bittern (avetoro común), Botaurus stellaris (A – Canary Islands)
* Little bittern (avetorillo común), Ixobrychus minutus
* Dwarf bittern (avetorillo plomizo), Ixobrychus sturmii (A – Canary Islands only)
* Great blue heron (garza azulada), Ardea herodias (A – Canary Islands only)
* Gray heron (garza real), Ardea cinerea
* Purple heron (garza imperial), Ardea purpurea
* Great egret (garceta grande), Ardea alba (A – Canary Islands)
* Little egret (garceta común), Egretta garzetta
* Western reef-heron (garceta dimorfa), Egretta gularis (A)
* Tricolored heron (garceta tricolor), Egretta tricolor (A – Canary Islands only)
* Cattle egret (garcilla bueyera), Bubulcus ibis
* Squacco heron (garcilla cangrejera), Ardeola ralloides
* Green heron (garcilla verde), Butorides virescens (A – Canary Islands only)
* Striated heron (garcita azulada), Butorides striata (A)
* Black-crowned night-heron (martinete común), Nycticorax nycticorax

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
* Glossy ibis (morito común), Plegadis falcinellus
* African sacred ibis (ibis sagrado), Threskiornis aethiopicus (I/D)
* Northern bald ibis (ibis eremita), Geronticus eremita endangered
* Eurasian spoonbill (espátula común), Platalea leucorodia
* African spoonbill (espátula africana), Platalea alba (A, D)

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
* Osprey (águila pescadora), Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
* Black-winged kite (elanio común), Elanus caeruleus
* Bearded vulture (quebrantahuesos), Gypaetus barbatus near-threatened
* Egyptian vulture (alimoche común), Neophron percnopterus endangered
* European honey-buzzard (abejero europeo), Pernis apivorus (A – Canary Islands)
* Swallow-tailed kite (elanio tijereta), Elanoides forficatus (A – Canary Islands only)
* Cinereous vulture (buitre negro), Aegypius monachus near-threatened
* Lappet-faced vulture (buitre orejudo), Torgos tracheliotos (A)
* Hooded vulture (alimoche sombrío), Necrosyrtes monachus (A, D)
* White-backed vulture (buitre dorsiblanco africano), Gyps africanus (A) critically endangered
* Rüppell's griffon (buitre moteado), Gyps rueppelli (A) critically endangered
* Eurasian griffon (buitre leonado), Gyps fulvus
* Bateleur (águila volatinera), Terathopius ecaudatus (A) near-threatened
* Short-toed snake-eagle (culebrera europea), Circaetus gallicus (A – Canary Islands)
* Lesser spotted eagle (águila pomerana), Clanga pomarina (A)
* Greater spotted eagle (águila moteada), Clanga clanga (A) vulnerable
* Booted eagle (águila calzada), Hieraaetus pennatus
* Steppe eagle (águila esteparia), Aquila nipalensis (A) endangered
* Spanish eagle (águila imperial ibérica), Aquila adalberti vulnerable
* Imperial eagle (águila imperial oriental), Aquila heliaca (A) vulnerable
* Golden eagle (águila real), Aquila chrysaetos
* Bonelli's eagle (águila perdicera), Aquila fasciata
* Eurasian marsh-harrier (aguilucho lagunero occidental), Circus aeruginosus
* Hen harrier (aguilucho pálido), Circus cyaneus
* Pallid harrier (aguilucho papialbo), Circus macrourus
* Montagu's harrier (aguilucho cenizo), Circus pygargus
* Eurasian sparrowhawk (gavilán común), Accipiter nisus
* Northern goshawk (azor común), Accipiter gentilis
* Red kite (milano real), Milvus milvus
* Black kite (milano negro), Milvus migrans
* White-tailed eagle (pigargo europeo), Haliaeetus albicilla (A)
* Rough-legged hawk (busardo calzado), Buteo lagopus (A)
* Common buzzard (busardo ratonero), Buteo buteo
* Long-legged buzzard (busardo moro), Buteo rufinus (A)

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
* Western barn owl, Tyto alba (lechuza común)

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Eurasian scops-owl (autillo europeo), Otus scops (A – Canary Islands)
* Eurasian eagle-owl (búho real), Bubo bubo
* Pharaoh eagle-owl (búho del desierto), Bubo ascalaphus (A)
* Snowy owl (búho nival), Bubo scandiacus (A, D – Canary Islands only)
* Northern hawk owl (cárabo gavilán), Surnia ulula (B – Canary Islands)
* Eurasian pygmy-owl (mochuelo alpino), Glaucidium passerinum (A)
* Little owl (mochuelo europeo), Athene noctua
* Tawny owl (cárabo común), Strix aluco
* Maghreb owl (cárabo del Magreb), Strix mauritanica
* Long-eared owl (búho chico), Asio otus
* Short-eared owl (búho campestre), Asio flammeus
* Marsh owl (búho moro), Asio capensis (A)
* Boreal owl (mochuelo boreal), Aegolius funereus

## Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink coloring with a large erectile crest on their head.
* Eurasian hoopoe (abubilla común), Upupa epops

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
* Common kingfisher (martín pescador común), Alcedo atthis (A – Canary Islands)
* Belted kingfisher (martín gigante norteamericano), Megaceryle alcyon (A)

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
* Blue-cheeked bee-eater (abejaruco persa), Merops persicus (A)
* European bee-eater (abejaruco europeo), Merops apiaster

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
* European roller (carraca europea), Coracias garrulus
* Abyssinian roller (carraca abisinia), Coracias abyssinicus (A – Canary Islands only)

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
* Eurasian wryneck (torcecuello euroasiático), Jynx torquilla
* Middle spotted woodpecker (pico mediano), Dendrocoptes medius
* White-backed woodpecker (pico dorsiblanco), Dendrocopos leucotos
* Great spotted woodpecker (pico picapinos), Dendrocopos major
* Lesser spotted woodpecker (pico menor), Dryobates minor
* Levaillant's woodpecker (pito real bereber), Picus vaillantii (A – African enclaves only)
* Iberian green woodpecker (pito real ibérico), Picus sharpei
* Black woodpecker (picamaderos negro), Dryocopus martius

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
* Lesser kestrel (cernícalo primilla), Falco naumanni (A – Canary Islands)
* Eurasian kestrel (cernícalo vulgar), Falco tinnunculus
* Red-footed falcon (cernícalo patirrojo), Falco vespertinus (A – Canary Islands) near-threatened
* Amur falcon (cernícalo del Amur), Falco amurensis (A)
* Eleonora's falcon (halcón de Eleonora), Falco eleonorae
* Merlin (Esmerejón), Falco columbarius
* Eurasian hobby (alcotán europeo), Falco subbuteo (A – Canary Islands)
* Lanner falcon (halcón borní), Falco biarmicus (A)
* Saker falcon (halcón sacre), Falco cherrug (A) endangered
* Gyrfalcon (halcón gerifalte), Falco rusticolus (A)
* Peregrine falcon (halcón peregrino), Falco peregrinus (A – Canary Islands)

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
* Rose-ringed parakeet (cotorra de Kramer), Psittacula krameri (I)

## African and New World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in the family are found in the New World.
* Monk parakeet (cotorra argentina), Myiopsitta monachus (I)
* Red-masked parakeet (aratinga de Guayaquil), Psittacara erythrogenys (I)

## Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
* Fork-tailed flycatcher (tijereta sabanera), Tyrannus savana (A)

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia.
* Red-eyed vireo (vireo chiví), Vireo olivaceus (A)

## Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
* Eurasian golden oriole (oropéndola europea), Oriolus oriolus

## Bushshrikes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae
Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive.
* Black-crowned tchagra (chagra del Senegal), Tchagra senegalus

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
* Red-backed shrike (alcaudón dorsirrojo), Lanius collurio
* Red-tailed shrike (alcaudón colirrojo), Lanius phoenicuroides (A)
* Isabelline shrike (alcaudón isabel), Lanius isabellinus (A)
* Brown shrike (alcaudón pardo), Lanius cristatus (A)
* Long-tailed shrike (alcaudón schach), Lanius schach (A)
* Iberian gray shrike (alcaudón real), Lanius meridionalis vulnerable
* Great gray shrike (alcaudón norteño), Lanius excubitor (A)
* Lesser gray shrike (alcaudón chico), Lanius minor
* Masked shrike (alcaudón núbico), Lanius nubicus (A)
* Woodchat shrike (alcaudón común), Lanius senator

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
* Eurasian jay (arrendajo euroasiático), Garrulus glandarius
* Iberian magpie (rabilargo ibérico), Cyanopica cooki
* Maghreb magpie (urraca magrebí), Pica mauritanica
* Eurasian magpie (urraca común), Pica pica
* Eurasian nutcracker (cascanueces norteño), Nucifraga caryocatactes (A)
* Red-billed chough (chova piquirroja), Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
* Yellow-billed chough (chova piquigualda), Pyrrhocorax graculus
* Eurasian jackdaw (grajilla occidental), Corvus monedula
* Rook (graja), Corvus frugilegus
* Carrion crow (corneja negra), Corvus corone
* Hooded crow (corneja cenicienta), Corvus cornix (A)
* Pied crow (cuervo pío), Corvus albus (A, D)
* Brown-necked raven (cuervo desertícola), Corvus ruficollis (A)
* Common raven (cuervo grande), Corvus corax

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
* Coal tit (carbonero garrapinos), Parus ater
* Crested tit (herrerillo capuchino), Parus cristatus (A – African enclaves)
* Marsh tit (carbonero palustre), Parus palustris
* Eurasian blue tit (herrerillo común), Cyanistes caeruleus
* African blue tit (herrerillo canario), Cyanistes teneriffae (A, D)
* Great tit (carbonero común), Parus major

## Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
* Eurasian penduline tit (pájaro moscón europeo), Remiz pendulinus

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
* Greater hoopoe-lark (alondra ibis), Alaemon alaudipes (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves only)
* Thick-billed lark (alondra picocorda), Ramphocoris clotbey (A)
* Bar-tailed lark (terrera colinegra), Ammomanes cinctura (A)
* Horned lark (alondra cornuda), Eremophila alpestris (A)
* Greater short-toed lark (terrera común), Calandrella brachydactyla
* Bimaculated lark (calandria bimaculada), Melanocorypha bimaculata (A)
* Calandra lark (calandria común), Melanocorypha calandra
* Black lark (calandria negra), Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (A)
* Dupont's lark (alondra ricotí), Chersophilus duponti near-threatened
* Lesser short-toed lark (terrera marismeña), Alaudala rufescens
* Wood lark (alondra totovía), Lullula arborea
* White-winged lark (calandria aliblanca), Alauda leucoptera (A)
* Eurasian skylark (alondra común), Alauda arvensis
* Thekla's lark (cogujada montesina), Galerida theklae
* Crested lark (cogujada común), Galerida cristata

## Bearded reedling

Order: Passeriformes Family: Panuridae
This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.
* Bearded reedling (bigotudo), Panurus biarmicus

## Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub
* Zitting cisticola (cistícola buitrón), Cisticola juncidis

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
* Booted warbler (zarcero escita), Iduna caligata (A)
* Sykes's warbler (zarcero de Sykes), Iduna rama (A)
* Eastern olivaceous warbler (zarcero pálido), Iduna pallida (A – Canary Islands only)
* Western olivaceous warbler (zarcero bereber), Iduna opaca (A – Canary Islands)
* Melodious warbler (zarcero políglota), Hippolais polyglotta
* Icterine warbler (zarcero icterino), Hippolais icterina (A – Canary Islands and African enclaves)
* Aquatic warbler (carricerín cejudo), Acrocephalus paludicola (A – Canary Islands) vulnerable
* Moustached warbler (carricerín real), Acrocephalus melanopogon
* Sedge warbler (carricerín común), Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
* Paddyfield warbler (carricero agrícola), Acrocephalus agricola (A)
* Blyth's reed warbler (carricero de Blyth), Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
* Marsh warbler (carricero políglota), Acrocephalus palustris (A)
* Common reed warbler (carricero común), Acrocephalus scirpaceus
* Great reed warbler (carricero tordal), Acrocephalus arundinaceus

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
* River warbler (buscarla fluvial), Locustella fluviatilis (A)
* Savi's warbler (buscarla unicolor), Locustella luscinioides
* Common grasshopper-warbler (buscarla pintoja), Locustella naevia

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
* Tree swallow (golondrina bicolor), Tachycineta bicolor (A)
* Plain martin (avión paludícola), Riparia paludicola (A)
* Bank swallow (avión zapador), Riparia riparia
* Eurasian crag-martin (avión roquero), Ptyonoprogne rupestris
* Barn swallow (golondrina común), Hirundo rustica
* Red-rumped swallow (golondrina dáurica), Hirundo daurica
* Cliff swallow (golondrina risquera), Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (A – Canary Islands)
* Common house-martin (avión común occidental), Delichon urbicum

## Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
* Red-whiskered bulbul (bulbul orfeo), Pycnonotus jocosus (I)
* Common bulbul (bulbul naranjero), Pycnonotus barbatus (A)

## Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colors.
* Wood warbler (mosquitero silbador), Phylloscopus sibilatrix
* Western Bonelli's warbler (mosquitero papialbo), Phylloscopus bonelli
* Eastern Bonelli's warbler (mosquitero oriental), Phylloscopus orientalis (A)
* Yellow-browed warbler (mosquitero bilistado), Phylloscopus inornatus (A – African enclaves)
* Hume's warbler (mosquitero de Hume), Phylloscopus humei (A)
* Pallas's leaf warbler (mosquitero de Pallas), Phylloscopus proregulus (A)
* Radde's warbler (mosquitero de Schwarz), Phylloscopus schwarzi (A)
* Dusky warbler (mosquitero sombrío), Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
* Willow warbler (mosquitero musical), Phylloscopus trochilus
* Mountain chiffchaff (mosquitero montano), Phylloscopus sindianus (A)
* Canary Islands chiffchaff (mosquitero canario), Phylloscopus canariensis (E – Canary Islands)
* Common chiffchaff (mosquitero común), Phylloscopus collybita
* Iberian chiffchaff (mosquitero ibérico), Phylloscopus brehmii
* Green warbler (mosquitero del Cáucaso), Phylloscopus nitidus (A)
* Greenish warbler (mosquitero verdoso), Phylloscopus trochiloides (A)
* Two-barred warbler (mosquitero patigrís), Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus (A)
* Arctic warbler (mosquitero boreal), Phylloscopus borealis (A)

## Bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.
* Cetti's warbler (cetia ruiseñor), Cettia cetti

## Long-tailed tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.
* Long-tailed tit (mito común), Aegithalos longicaudus

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
* Eurasian blackcap (curruca capirotada), Sylvia atricapilla
* Garden warbler (curruca mosquitera), Sylvia borin
* Barred warbler (curruca gavilana), Curruca nisoria (A)
* Lesser whitethroat (curruca zarcerilla), Curruca curruca (A)
* Western Orphean warbler (curruca mirlona occidental), Curruca hortensis (A – Canary Islands)
* African desert warbler (curruca sahariana), Curruca nana (A)
* Asian desert warbler (curruca enana), Curruca nana (A)
* Tristram's warbler (curruca del Atlas), Curruca deserticola (A)
* Rüppell's warbler (curruca de Rüppell), Curruca ruppeli (A)
* Sardinian warbler (curruca cabecinegra), Curruca melanocephala
* Moltoni's warbler (curruca subalpina), Curruca subalpina
* Western subalpine warbler (curruca carrasqueña occidental), Curruca iberiae
* Eastern subalpine warbler (curruca carrasqueña oriental), Curruca cantillans (A)
* Greater whitethroat (curruca zarcera), Curruca communis
* Spectacled warbler (curruca tomillera), Curruca conspicillata
* Marmora's warbler (curruca sarda), Curruca sarda (A)
* Dartford warbler (curruca rabilarga), Curruca undata near-threatened
* Balearic warbler (curruca balear), Curruca balearica (E – Balearic Islands)

## Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
The laughingthrushes are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.
* Red-billed leiothrix (leiótrix piquirrojo), Leiothrix lutea (I)

## Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
* Goldcrest (reyezuelo sencillo), Regulus regulus
* Common firecrest (reyezuelo listado), Regulus ignicapilla

## Wallcreeper

Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae
The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.
* Wallcreeper (treparriscos), Tichodroma muraria

## Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
* Eurasian nuthatch (trepador azul), Sitta europaea

## Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
* Eurasian treecreeper (agateador euroasiático), Certhia familiaris
* Short-toed treecreeper (agateador europeo), Certhia brachydactyla

## Wrens

Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
* Eurasian wren (chochín paleártico), Troglodytes troglodytes

## Dippers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
* White-throated dipper (mirlo acuático europeo), Cinclus cinclus

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
* European starling (estornino pinto), Sturnus vulgaris
* Spotless starling (estornino negro), Sturnus unicolor
* Rosy starling (estornino rosado), Pastor roseus (A)

## Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
* Gray catbird (pájaro gato gris), Dumetella carolinensis (A – Canary Islands only)

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* White's thrush (zorzal dorado de Siberia), Zoothera aurea (B)
* Scaly thrush (zorzal dorado del Himalaya), Zoothera dauma (A)
* Gray-cheeked thrush (zorzalito carigrís), Catharus minimus (A – Canary Islands)
* Mistle thrush (zorzal charlo), Turdus viscivorus (A – Canary Islands)
* Song thrush (zorzal común), Turdus philomelos
* Redwing (zorzal alirrojo), Turdus iliacus near-threatened
* Eurasian blackbird (mirlo común), Turdus merula
* American robin (zorzal robín), Turdus migratorius (A)
* Eyebrowed thrush (zorzal rojigrís), Turdus obscurus (A)
* Fieldfare (zorzal real), Turdus pilaris (A – Canary Islands)
* Ring ouzel (mirlo capiblanco), Turdus torquatus
* Black-throated thrush (zorzal papinegro), Turdus atrogularis (A)
* Red-throated thrush (zorzal papirrojo), Turdus ruficollis (A)
* Dusky thrush (zorzal eunomo), Turdus eunomus (A)
* Naumann's thrush (zorzal de Naumann), Turdus naumanni (A)

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
* Spotted flycatcher (papamoscas gris), Muscicapa striata
* Rufous-tailed scrub-robin (alzacola rojizo), Cercotrichas galactotes
* European robin (petirrojo europeo), Erithacus rubecula
* Siberian blue robin (ruiseñor azul), Larvivora cyane (A)
* Thrush nightingale (ruiseñor ruso), Luscinia luscinia (A)
* Common nightingale (ruiseñor común), Luscinia megarhynchos
* Bluethroat (ruiseñor pechiazul), Luscinia svecica (A – Canary Islands)
* Red-flanked bluetail (ruiseñor coliazul), Tarsiger cyanurus (A)
* Red-breasted flycatcher (papamoscas papirrojo), Ficedula parva (A)
* Semicollared flycatcher (papamoscas semiacollarado), Ficedula semitorquata (A)
* European pied flycatcher (papamoscas cerrojillo), Ficedula hypoleuca
* Atlas flycatcher (papamoscas del Atlas), Ficedula speculigera (A)
* Collared flycatcher (papamoscas acollarado), Ficedula albicollis (A)
* Moussier's redstart (colirrojo diademado), Phoenicurus moussieri (A)
* Common redstart (colirrojo real), Phoenicurus phoenicurus
* Black redstart (colirrojo tizón), Phoenicurus ochruros
* Rufous-tailed rock-thrush (roquero rojo), Monticola saxatilis
* Blue rock-thrush (roquero solitario), Monticola solitarius
* Whinchat (tarabilla norteña), Saxicola rubetra
* Fuerteventura stonechat (tarabilla canaria), Saxicola dacotiae (E – Canary Islands) near-threatened
* European stonechat (tarabilla europea), Saxicola rubicola
* Siberian stonechat (tarabilla siberiana), Saxicola maurus (A)
* Amur stonechat (tarabilla de Stejneger), Saxicola stejnegeri (A)
* Northern wheatear (collalba gris), Oenanthe oenanthe
* Isabelline wheatear (collalba isabel), Oenanthe isabellina (A)
* Desert wheatear (collalba desértica), Oenanthe deserti (A – Canary Islands)
* Western black-eared wheatear (collalba rubia), Oenanthe hispanica
* Eastern black-eared wheatear (collalba rubia oriental), Oenanthe melanoleuca (A)
* Red-rumped wheatear (collalba culirroja), Oenanthe moesta (A)
* Black wheatear (collalba negra), Oenanthe leucura
* White-crowned wheatear (collalba yebélica), Oenanthe leucopyga (A – Canary Islands only)
* Mourning wheatear (collalba núbica), Oenanthe lugens (A)

## Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
* Bohemian waxwing (ampelis europeo), Bombycilla garrulus (A)

## Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.
* Black-headed weaver (tejedor cabecinegro), Ploceus melanocephalus (I)
* Yellow-crowned bishop (obispo coronigualdo), Euplectes afer (I)

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
* Scaly-breasted munia (capuchino punteado), Lonchura punctulata (I)
* Orange-cheeked waxbill (estrilda carinaranja), Estrilda melpoda (I)
* Common waxbill (estrilda común), Estrilda astrild (I)
* Black-rumped waxbill (estrilda culinegra), Estrilda troglodytes (I)
* Red avadavat (bengalí rojo), Amandava amandava (I)

## Accentors

Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.
* Alpine accentor (acentor alpino), Prunella collaris
* Dunnock (acentor común), Prunella modularis

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
* House sparrow (gorrión común), Passer domesticus
* Italian sparrow (gorrión italiano), Passer italiae (A) vulnerable
* Spanish sparrow (gorrión moruno), Passer hispaniolensis
* Desert sparrow (gorrión sahariano), Passer simplex (A)
* Eurasian tree sparrow (gorrión molinero), Passer montanus
* Rock sparrow (gorrión chillón), Petronia petronia
* White-winged snowfinch (gorrión alpino), Montifringilla nivalis

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
* Gray wagtail (lavandera cascadeña), Motacilla cinerea
* Western yellow wagtail (lavandera boyera), Motacilla flava
* Eastern yellow wagtail (lavandera boyera), Motacilla tschutschensis (A)
* Citrine wagtail (lavandera boyera), Motacilla citreola (A – Canary Islands)
* White wagtail (lavandera blanca), Motacilla alba
* Richard's pipit (bisbita de Richard), Anthus richardi (A – Canary Islands)
* Blyth's pipit (bisbita estepario), Anthus godlewskii (A)
* Tawny pipit (bisbita campestre), Anthus campestris
* Berthelot's pipit (bisbita caminero), Anthus berthelotii (Canary Islands only)
* Meadow pipit (bisbita pratense), Anthus pratensis near-threatened
* Tree pipit (bisbita arbóreo), Anthus trivialis
* Olive-backed pipit (bisbita de Hodgson), Anthus hodgsoni (A)
* Pechora pipit (bisbita del Pechora), Anthus gustavi (A)
* Red-throated pipit (bisbita gorgirrojo), Anthus cervinus
* Water pipit (bisbita alpino), Anthus spinoletta (A – Canary Islands)
* Rock pipit (bisbita costero), Anthus petrosus
* American pipit (bisbita norteamericano), Anthus rubescens (A)

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
* Common chaffinch (pinzón vulgar), Fringilla coelebs
* Tenerife blue chaffinch (pinzón azul de Tenerife), Fringilla teydea (E – Canary Islands)
* Gran Canaria blue chaffinch (pinzón azul de Gran Canaria), Fringilla polatzeki (E – Canary Islands)
* Brambling (pinzón real), Fringilla montifringilla (A – Canary Islands)
* Hawfinch (picogordo común), Coccothraustes coccothraustes (A – Canary Islands)
* Common rosefinch (camachuelo carminoso), Carpodacus erythrinus (A)
* Eurasian bullfinch (camachuelo común), Pyrrhula pyrrhula (A – African enclaves)
* Trumpeter finch (camachuelo trompetero), Rhodopechys githaginea (A – African enclaves)
* Desert finch (camachuelo desertícola), Rhodospiza obsoleta (A, D)
* European greenfinch (verderón común), Chloris chloris
* Twite (pardillo piquigualdo), Linaria flavirostris (A)
* Eurasian linnet (pardillo común), Linaria cannabina
* Common redpoll (pardillo norteño), Acanthis flammea (A)
* Lesser redpoll (pardillo alpino), Acanthis cabaret (A)
* Red crossbill (piquituerto común), Loxia curvirostra (A – Canary Islands)
* European goldfinch (jilguero europeo), Carduelis carduelis
* Citril finch (verderón serrano), Carduelis citrinella (A – African enclaves)
* European serin (serín verdecillo), Serinus serinus
* Island canary (serín canario), Serinus canaria (Canary Islands only)
* Eurasian siskin (jilguero lúgano), Spinus spinus

## Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
* Lapland longspur (escribano lapón), Calcarius lapponicus (A)
* Snow bunting (escribano nival), Plectrophenax nivalis

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
* Black-headed bunting (escribano cabecinegro), Emberiza melanocephala (A)
* Red-headed bunting (escribano carirrojo), Emberiza bruniceps (A)
* Corn bunting (escribano triguero), Miliaria calandra
* Rock bunting (escribano montesino), Emberiza cia
* Meadow bunting (escribano de Brandt), Emberiza cioides (A, D)
* Cirl bunting (escribano soteño), Emberiza cirlus
* Yellowhammer (escribano cerillo), Emberiza citrinella (A – African enclaves)
* Pine bunting (escribano cabeciblanco), Emberiza leucocephalos (A)
* Ortolan bunting (escribano hortelano), Emberiza hortulana
* Cretzschmar's bunting (escribano ceniciento), Emberiza caesia (A)
* House bunting (escribano sahariano), Emberiza sahari (A)
* Reed bunting (escribano palustre), Emberiza schoeniclus (A – Canary Islands)
* Yellow-breasted bunting (escribano aureolado), Emberiza aureola (A) critically endangered
* Little bunting (escribano pigmeo), Emberiza pusilla (A)
* Rustic bunting (escribano rústico), Emberiza rustica (A) vulnerable
* Black-faced bunting (escribano enmascarado), Emberiza spodocephala (A)
* Yellow-browed bunting (escribano cejigualdo), Emberiza chrysophrys (A)

## New World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills.
* Dark-eyed junco (junco pizarroso), Junco hyemalis (A)
* White-throated sparrow (chingolo gorgiblanco), Zonotrichia albicollis (A)
* Song sparrow (chingolo cantor), Melospiza melodia (A)

## Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration.
* Bobolink (tordo charlatán), Dolichonyx oryzivorus (A – Canary Islands only)
* Baltimore oriole (oropéndola de Baltimore), Icterus galbula (A)

## New World warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
* Louisiana waterthrush (chipe de agua sureño), Parkesia motacilla (A)
* Northern waterthrush (reinita charquera norteña), Parkesia noveboracensis (A – Canary Islands only)
* Black-and-white warbler (reinita trepadora), Mniotilta varia (A – Canary Islands only)
* Common yellowthroat (mascarita común), Geothlypis trichas (A)
* American redstart (candelita norteña), Setophaga ruticilla (A)
* Blackpoll warbler (reinita estriada), Setophaga striata (A)
* Yellow-rumped warbler (reinita coronada), Setophaga coronata (A)

## Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
* Rose-breasted grosbeak (picogrueso pechirrosa), Pheucticus ludovicianus (A)