OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kuchinarai district

Kuchinarai (Thai: กุฉินารายณ์, pronounced; Northeastern Thai: กุฉินารายณ์, pronounced) is a district (amphoe) in the eastern part of Kalasin province, northeastern Thailand.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the west clockwise): Don Chan, Na Mon, Huai Phueng, Na Khu, and Khao Wong of Kalasin Province; Khamcha-i and Nong Sung of Mukdahan province; Moei Wadi, Phon Thong, and Pho Chai of Roi Et province.

## Economy

A traditional sugarcane product that used to be common in Thailand is now made only in this district, and specifically, in Lao Hai Ngam Subdistrict. It is called 'sugarcane cake' (Thai: งบอ้อย, RTGS: ngop oi) or 'sugar cake' (Thai: น้ำตาลอ้อย, RTGS: namtan oi). It is made from indigenous cane grown for more than eight months. Rice farmers produce it as a secondary money-earner. The sugar cakes are made only in February and are quickly bought up and disappear from the market until the following year.

## Administration

The district is divided into 12 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 142 villages (mubans). There are two sub-district municipalities (thesaban tambon): Bua Khao and Kut Wa, each covering parts of the same-named tambon. There are a further 12 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai | Villages | Pop. |
| 01. | Bua Khao | บัวขาว | 16 | 20,369 |
| 02. | Chaen Laen | แจนแลน | 08 | 06,395 |
| 03. | Lao Yai | เหล่าใหญ่ | 12 | 07,338 |
| 04. | Chum Chang | จุมจัง | 15 | 09,260 |
| 05. | Lao Hai Ngam | เหล่าไฮงาม | 12 | 07,107 |
| 06. | Kut Wa | กุดหว้า | 12 | 09,802 |
| 07. | Sam Kha | สามขา | 18 | 09,793 |
| 08. | Na Kham | นาขาม | 16 | 12,564 |
| 09. | Nong Hang | หนองห้าง | 09 | 05,246 |
| 10. | Na Ko | นาโก | 09 | 04,760 |
| 11. | Som Sa-at | สมสะอาด | 07 | 04,389 |
| 12. | Kut Khao | กุดค้าว | 08 | 04,161 |
# ID@Xbox

ID@Xbox (Independent Developers @ Xbox) is a program by Microsoft allowing independent video game developers to self-publish titles for Windows, and the Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S home video game consoles.

## Overview

ID@Xbox was announced by Xbox Vice President Phil Harrison at Gamescom on August 20, 2013. General Manager, Marc Whitten was the sponsor of the project providing management and funding. Angela Hession was the Launch Architect of the program and developed the program based on input from Independent Developers. Chris Charla is director of the program.
Developers who are registered in the program get access to two development kits at no cost, as well as access to all required technical documentation. Additionally, there will be no fees to update any game submitted through the program. Games released through the program also have access to all Xbox One and Xbox Live components, including Kinect, Achievements and Xbox SmartGlass. Developers in the program also receive access to the Unity engine as well as an optional subscription to Unreal Engine 4.
At the 2017 Game Developers Conference, Microsoft announced it will launch the Xbox Live Creators program that, for a one-time fee, will allow anyone to develop for Xbox One and Windows 10 games using the Unified Windows Platform using any consumer Xbox One system (including Xbox One X console) and distribute directly through the Xbox Live storefront. Such applications will not have access to some Xbox Live features like achievements or multiplayer matchmaking, but will include support for leaderboards and party chat.
By August 2020, over 2000 games were released through ID@Xbox, and more than US$1.5 billion in royalties had been paid to the developers of these games. By March 2022, royalties and total revenue earned by independent developers through the program had exceeded $2.5 billion.

## Reception

A number of indie game developers have praised the introduction of the ID@Xbox program. Developers involved in the program have been impressed by Microsoft's responsiveness and the support provided on any issues that arise. The appointment of Chris Charla as director of ID@Xbox was met with positive reception, due to his background and previous involvement in the video game industry.
However, the program has received criticism for enforcing a launch date parity policy which means that developers can only release their titles on Xbox One if they haven't been released on other consoles first. Many developers have called for the policy to be dropped; Microsoft has since dropped the parity clause.
# Rowing at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Rowing at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was held in Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park from 9 September to 11 September. This was the first time that rowing was competed at the Paralympic Games.

## Classification

Rowers were given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows rowers to compete against others with a similar level of function.
Rowing classes were:
* LTA (Legs, Trunk and Arms) - Mixed coxed fours
* TA (Trunk and Arms) - Mixed double sculls
* A (Arms only) - Men's and women's singles

## Events

Four rowing events were held:
* Men's Single Sculls A
* Women's Single Sculls A
* Mixed Double Sculls TA
* Mixed Four Coxed LTA

## Participating countries

There were 108 athletes (56 male, 52 female) from 23 nations taking part in this sport.
* Australia (3)
* Belarus (1)
* Brazil (9)
* Canada (8)
* China (9)
* Denmark (5)
* France (1)
* Germany (7)
* Great Britain (9)
* Hong Kong (1)
* Hungary (1)
* Israel (9)
* Italy (9)
* Japan (2)
* Netherlands (5)
* Poland (3)
* Portugal (1)
* Russia (5)
* South Africa (5)
* South Korea (1)
* Spain (1)
* Ukraine (4)
* United States (9)

## Medal summary
### Medal table

This ranking sorts countries by the number of gold medals earned by their rowers (in this context a country is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Great Britain (GBR) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | China (CHN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | Israel (ISR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's single sculls details | Tom Aggar Great Britain | Oleksandr Petrenko Ukraine | Eli Nawi Israel |
| Women's single sculls details | Helene Raynsford Great Britain | Liudmila Vauchok Belarus | Laura Schwanger United States |
| Mixed double sculls details | China (CHN) Zhou Yangjing Shan Zilong | Australia (AUS) John Maclean Kathryn Ross | Brazil (BRA) Elton Santana Josiane Lima |
| Mixed coxed four details | Italy (ITA) Paola Protopapa Luca Agoletto Daniele Signore Graziana Saccocci Cox: Alessandro Franzetti | United States (USA) Emma Preuschl Tracy Tackett Jesse Karmazin Jamie Dean Cox: Simona Chin | Great Britain (GBR) Vicki Hansford Naomi Riches Alastair McKean James Morgan Cox: Alan Sherman |
# Andreas Kolovouris

Andreas Kolovouris (Greek: Ανδρέας Κολοβούρης; born 6 April 1992) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Super League 2 club Panachaiki.
# Mithilapuri Jain Teerth

Mithilapuri Jain Teerth (Maithili: मिथिलापुरी जैन तीर्थ) is a sacred place in the tradition of Jainism. It is believed to be the birthplace and the penance place of the two Jain Tirthankars Bhagwan Mallinath Swami and Bhagwan Naminath Swami. According to the Digambara sect of Jainism, it is located at the Sursand town of Sitamarhi district in the Mithila region of Bihar. It is very close to the line of the Indo-Nepal International Border at the outskirts of the Sursand town. Similarly for the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism, it is believed to be located at Dumra suburb in the city of Sitamarhi in the Mithila region.

## Description

In the tradition of Jainism, Mithila is considered as the sacred place where more than two tirthankars were born. In Jainism, there are two major sects Digambara and Shvetambara schools of thought. The location of the Mithilapuri Jain Teerth is believed to be at the two different locations Sursand and Dumra in the Sitamarhi district of the Mithila region by the two sects Digambara and Shvetambara respectively.

### Shree Mithilapuri Digambara Jain Teerth, Sursand

According to Digambara sect of Jainism, the location of Mithilapuri Jain Teerth at Sursand town in the Mithila region is considered as the birthplace of the two tirthankars Mallinath and Naminath. Every year on the occasions of the birth anniversaries of the two tirthankars grand festivals known as Janma Kalyanaka are organised at this place. In the festivals of Janma Kalyanaka, the Jain devotees from different parts of the Indian subcontinent gather here and take part in the ceremonies of the birth anniversaries of the tirthankars. This Teerth is governed by the Bihar State Digambara Jain Teerth Kshetra Committee.

### Jain Shvetambara Kalyanaka Teerth Nyasa, Dumra

The Mithilapuri Jain Teerth at Dumra is managed by the Shvetambara sect of Jainism. The management of the Teerth is governed by the trust called as Jain Shvetambara Kalyanaka Teerth Nyasa. According to Pandit Shekhar Kumar Pandey, a Jain follower Harkhchandji Nahta from Bikaner in Rajasthan wished to discover the disconnected shrine in Jainism. Then his son Lalit Kumar Nahta started the search to fulfill his father's dream in 1993. Finally he discovered Mithilapuri Jain Teerth at Dumra suburb of Sitamarhi city. After getting the proof of the Teerth he registered Jain Shvetambara Kalyanaka Tirtha Nyasa on 24 May 2006. Then it was decided to construct a Jain temple at Dumra suburb in the city of Sitamarhi. After that the construction of the temple started in 2014 on the land donated by the local resident Rukmini Devi.
# Valentina Petrillo

Valentina Petrillo (Italian:; born 2 October 1973) is an Italian Paralympic athlete who competes in the women's 100, 200 and 400 metre T12 class visually impaired sprint.
Petrillo has been the first trans woman to take part in an international Paralympic Women's Championship, debuting at the Italian Paralympic Athletics Championships [it], a milestone for transgender people in sports.

## Biography

Valentina Petrillo was born in Naples, Italy, on 2 October 1973. She started practising athletics at a young age until a loss of sight at age 14, due to Stargardt disease. Soon after finishing studies in Bologna, Petrillo joined the Italy national five-a-side football team for the visually impaired.
In 2014, Petrillo was determined to get back into athletics, winning 11 national titles in the men's category.
In 2019, she started a gender transitioning process; Petrillo competed for the first time in the women's category at the Italian Paralympic Athletics Championships [it] on 11 September 2020, marking the first time in paralympic sports that a transgender person was allowed to do so. Petrillo has noted she has lost strength since starting feminizing hormone replacement therapy, which is intended to suppress testosterone and raise estrogen levels in the body. Petrillo has met the World Para Athletics requirements for lowered testosterone levels for transgender women athletes which are tested for at least 12 months prior to the competition.
Petrillo's story will be narrated through a movie, currently in development, named 5 nanomoli-Il sogno olimpico di una donna trans.

### Athletics career

In 2020, she started officially competing in the women's category, and on 25 April 2021, set a new national record on the 400 meters T13 class, then improved in June of the same year.
On 22 March 2021, she set another new record, this time in 200 meters T12. Petrillo represented Italy at the 2021 World Para Athletics European Championships, ranking 5th.
In March 2023, Petrillo withdrew from competing in the World Masters Indoor Athletic Championships on account of anti-trans threats and concerns for her safety.
On 2 September 2024, Petrillo debuted at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, qualifying for the semi-finals of the T12 women's 400 metres. She achieved a personal best time of 57.58 seconds in the second semi-final, but failed to reach the final of the event. Petrillo also qualified for the semi-finals of the T12 women's 200 metres on 6 September. She finished ninth with a season's-best time of 25.92 seconds, but failed to advance to the final.

## Personal life

Petrillo was previously married to a woman. They share two children, a son and a daughter.

## National records
### Seniores

* 200 meters plain T12: 27"17 ( Ancona, 22 March 2021)
* 400 meters plain indoor T13: 59"77 ( Piacenza, 20 June 2021)
# Mariamne (daughter of Herod Agrippa)

Mariamne (born 34 or 35) was a king's daughter of King Herod Agrippa of ancient Roman Judea and Cypros. She was betrothed by her father to Julius Archelaus, son of Chelcias (maybe Hilkiya in Hebrew who was a friend and an officer at the court), but this marriage had not yet been enacted upon her father's death. Her brother Agrippa II enacted the marriage once he had been made tetrarch in around 49/50. From this marriage was derived a daughter, whose name was Berenice. Around 65 she left her husband and married Demetrius of Alexandria who was its alabarch and had a son from him named Agrippinus.
# Sekong

Sekong (or Xekong; Lao: ເຊກອງ, pronounced) is the capital city of Sekong Province, Sekong District, Laos. It was created in 1984 after it was ascertained that Ban Phon's unexploded ordnance made it uninhabitable.

## Climate

Climate data for Sekong (1990–2019) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.1 (93.4) | 36.1 (97.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 32.8 (91.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 17.9 (64.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.5 (70.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2 (0.1) | 10 (0.4) | 37 (1.5) | 87 (3.4) | 164 (6.5) | 189 (7.4) | 303 (11.9) | 272 (10.7) | 239 (9.4) | 98 (3.9) | 32 (1.3) | 4 (0.2) | 1,437 (56.7) |
| Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ||||||||||||||
# Riccardo Betti

Riccardo Betti is the Robert L. McCrory professor of Mechanical Engineering and Physics and Astronomy at the University of Rochester, in Rochester, NY. From 2004 to 2015, he also acted as the Director of the Fusion Science Center at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. He received is Ph.D. from the Department of Nuclear Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) in 1992. Prior to that he studied at the University of Rome (Italy), where he graduated with honors with a degree in Nuclear Engineering in 1987.

## Honors and awards

Dr. Betti was the Chair of the American Physical Society's Division of Plasma Physics (November, 2014-October 2015).
His awards and recognitions include:
2024 John Dawson Award for Excellence in Plasma Physics Research from the American Physical Society "for pioneering the development of statistical modeling to predict, design, and analyze implosion experiments on the 30kJ OMEGA laser, achieving hot spot energy gains above unity and record Lawson triple products for direct-drive laser fusion."
2023 Blaise Pascal Medal in Physics from the European Academy of Science "in recognition for his outstanding contributions to high temperature plasma physics with applications to nuclear fusion and for the development of the novel “shock ignition” approach to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion."
2020 Landau-Spitzer Award from the American and European Physical Societies for Outstanding Contributions to Plasma Physics.
2012 recipient of the U.S. Department of Energy's Ernest O. Lawrence Award for "a series of impactful theoretical discoveries in the physics of inertial confinement fusion including seminal transformative work on thermonuclear ignition, hydrodynamic instabilities and implosion dynamics, and the development of innovative approaches to ignition and energy gains."
2010 Leadership Award from Fusion Power Associates "for the leadership he has been providing to the U.S. and world inertial fusion efforts, including his contributions to the search for efficient methods of igniting fusion targets, contributions to the emerging field of high energy density physics, and his advisory role in the DOE's Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee."
2009, The Edward Teller Medal from the American Nuclear Society "for seminal contributions to the theory and understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities, implosion dynamics and thermonuclear ignition in inertial confinement fusion."
He has been a Fellow at the American Physical Society since 2001. In 2010, he was appointed to the Board of Physics and Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences. He was Vice Chair of the Fusion Energy Science Committee of the Department of Energy.
On October 29, 2009, Dr Betti gave a statement to the U.S. House of Representative's Committee on Science and Technology Subcommittee on Energy and Environment on the "Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research."
# Adolf Kussmaul

Adolf Kussmaul (German: Carl Philipp Adolf Konrad Kußmaul; 22 February 1822 – 28 May 1902) was a German physician and a leading clinician of his time.

## Biography

Adolf Kussmaul was born as the son and grandson of physicians in Graben near Karlsruhe and studied at Heidelberg. He entered the army after graduation and spent two years as an army surgeon. This was followed by a period as a general practitioner before he went to Würzburg to study for his doctorate under Virchow.
He was subsequently Professor of Medicine at Heidelberg (1857), Erlangen (1859), Freiburg (1859) and Straßburg (1876).
Beyond his medical skills he was also active in literature. He is regarded as one of the creators of the term Biedermeier, an art movement.
He died in Heidelberg.

## Eponymous terms

His name continues to be used in eponyms. He described two medical signs and one disease which have eponymous names that remain in use:
* Kussmaul breathing – very deep and labored breathing with normal, rapid or reduced frequency seen in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
* Kussmaul's sign – paradoxical rise in the jugular venous pressure (JVP) on inhalation in constrictive pericarditis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
* Kussmaul disease (also called Kussmaul–Maier disease) – polyarteritis nodosa. Named with Rudolf Robert Maier (1824–1888).
The following eponymous terms are considered archaic:
* Kussmaul's coma – diabetic coma due to ketoacidosis.
* Kussmaul's aphasia – selective mutism.
* Kussmaul's pulse – pulsus paradoxus.
* Kussmaul–Landry paralysis – Guillain–Barré syndrome.

## Firsts

* First to describe dyslexia in 1877, which he called 'word blindness'.
* First to describe polyarteritis nodosa.
* First to describe progressive bulbar paralysis.
* First to describe selective mutism.
* First to diagnose mesenteric embolism.
* First to perform pleural tapping and gastric lavage.
* First to attempt oesophagoscopy and gastroscopy.
* First to describe the emotional symptoms of mercury exposure as a first stage preceding the physical effects.
# Sacred Heart College, Sucre

Sacred Heart College (Spanish: Colegio del Sagrado Corazón), is a private Catholic primary and secondary school, located in Sucre, in the Chuquisaca Department of Bolivia. The co-educational school was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1912.

## Notable alumni

* Alejandro Pereyra Doria Medina – poet and filmmaker
* Julio Garrett Ayllón – thirty-third Vice President of Bolivia
* Jaime Paz Zamora – sixtieth President of Bolivia
* Nicolás Tudor – retired professional football player
* Sebastian "Pony" Ortuño – professional football player
* Bernardo Gantier Ávila – Jesuit priest, historian and philosopher
* Guillermo Francovich – playwright, essayist, humorist, and philosopher
# Bretz

Bretz may refer to:
* Bretz (surname)
* Bretz, Preston County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia
* Bretz, Tucker County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in Tucker County, West Virginia
* Old Bretz Mill, California, an unincorporated community in Fresno County
# Lao Krang

The Lao Khrang (Thai: ลาวครั่ง, RTGS: Lao Khrang, pronounced; endonym:) are a sub-group of the Lao ethnic group. Also known as the Tai Khrang (Thai: ไทครั่ง), they speak a dialect of the Lao language that is not too different from the modern Lao/Isan languages of Laos and Isan. The Lao Khrang should not be confused with the Tai Khang (spelt the same as 'Thai Krang' in Thai) who are a closely related people inhabiting northeastern Laos.

## Location

The Lao Khrang are spread out throughout Western and Central Thailand, especially the provinces of Phichit, Suphanburi, Uthai Thani, Chai Nat, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Nakhon Pathom and Nakhon Sawan.

## History

The Lao Khrang are descendants of Lao people from Luang Prabang and Houaphanh provinces who were enslaved by invading Siamese soldiers after the fall of the last remnant kingdoms of Lan Xang. The Lao Khrang were settled in the rich farmlands of Central Thailand to work as farm labourers to increase food production for the army and capital. Aside from their geographic isolation, the cultural traits and language of the Lao Khrang give away their ancestors' traditional homeland.

## Religion and culture

The Lao Khrang are Theravada Buddhists, but also maintain older animist beliefs. Especially revered is the tutelary spirit of the village, the hu chao nei. Traditional activities include farming, as well as making a red dye from beetles used to stain textiles, hence the namesake krang or 'lac'. Traditionally, marriages were only between members of the same group.
# Incubator Games

Incubator Games is an independent game studio based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The studio was founded in 2009 by game developers from Capybara Games who previously worked on Critter Crunch and Might and Magic: Clash of Heroes. They develop games primarily for iPhone and web browser. They released their first independently published game Feeding Time in 2014.

## Games developed

| Title | Release Year | Platform(s) | Publisher |
| Kelvin’s Space Ranch | 2010 | Browser | Science Alberta |
| The CO2 Connection | 2011 | Browser | Science Alberta |
| Project VRP | 2012 | Browser | Science Alberta |
| ccSpark! | 2012 | Browser | Career Cruising |
| Block Star Party | 2013 | Facebook | Play Puddle |
| Feeding Time | 2014 | iOS | Incubator Games |
# Lee Quillen

Leon Abner Quillen (born Leon Abner Quillin, May 5, 1882 – May 14, 1965) was a professional baseball third baseman. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball, 1906 and 1907, with the Chicago White Sox.
Quillen started his professional baseball career in 1902 with the minor league Minneapolis Millers of the newly formed American Association. In 1906, he had a breakout year with the Lincoln Ducklings in the Western League, hitting for a .350 average. He was sent to the major league White Sox towards the end of the season and played four games for the eventual World Series champions. The following year, he hit just .192 as Chicago's backup third baseman.
Quillen returned to the Millers in 1908 and 1909. In 1910, he scored 133 runs for the Western League champion Sioux City Packers. After four more years in the minors, Quillen finished his career in 1914 with the Lincoln team, now renamed the Tigers.
# Fernando Zuqui

Fernando Rubén Zuqui (born 27 November 1991) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Chilean Primera División club Universidad Católica.

## Career

In the second half of 2024, Zuqui moved to Chile and signed with Universidad Católica on a deal until June 2026.

## Honours

Estudiantes
* Copa Argentina: 2023
* Copa de la Liga Profesional: 2024