OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality

The Gompertz–Makeham law states that the human death rate is the sum of an age-dependent component (the Gompertz function, named after Benjamin Gompertz), which increases exponentially with age, and an age-independent component (the Makeham term, named after William Makeham). In a protected environment where external causes of death are rare (laboratory conditions, low mortality countries, etc.), the age-independent mortality component is often negligible. In this case the formula simplifies to a Gompertz law of mortality. In 1825, Benjamin Gompertz proposed an exponential increase in death rates with age.

## Description

The Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality describes the age dynamics of human mortality rather accurately in the age window from about 30 to 80 years of age. At more advanced ages, some studies have found that death rates increase more slowly – a phenomenon known as the late-life mortality deceleration – but more recent studies disagree.
The decline in the human mortality rate before the 1950s was mostly due to a decrease in the age-independent (Makeham) mortality component, while the age-dependent (Gompertz) mortality component was surprisingly stable. Since the 1950s, a new mortality trend has started in the form of an unexpected decline in mortality rates at advanced ages and "rectangularization" of the survival curve.
The hazard function for the Gompertz-Makeham distribution is most often characterised as $h(x)=\alpha e^{\beta x}+\lambda$. The empirical magnitude of the beta-parameter is about .085, implying a doubling of mortality every .69/.085 = 8 years (Denmark, 2006).
The quantile function can be expressed in a closed-form expression using the Lambert W function:
    $Q(u)={\frac {\alpha }{\beta \lambda }}-{\frac {1}{\lambda }}\ln(1-u)-{\frac {1}{\beta }}W_{0}\left[{\frac {\alpha e^{\alpha /\lambda }(1-u)^{-(\beta /\lambda )}}{\lambda }}\right]$
The Gompertz law is the same as a Fisher–Tippett distribution for the negative of age, restricted to negative values for the random variable (positive values for age).
# New Hampshire Route 171

New Hampshire Route 171 (abbreviated NH 171) is a 15.194-mile-long (24.452 km) east–west highway in southern Carroll County in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire. The highway runs from NH 109 in Moultonborough to NH 16 in Ossipee.

## Route description

NH 171 begins at an intersection with NH 109 (Governor John Wentworth Highway) in the town of Moultonborough. The two-lane highway heads east as Mountain Road, which passes along the southern flank of the Ossipee Mountains, including Mount Roberts, Turtleback Mountain, and Mount Shaw, and by the Castle in the Clouds. NH 171 continues through the town of Tuftonboro, where the route crosses the Melvin River and passes to the south of Dan Hole Pond. The highway enters the town of Ossipee at the community of Water Village, the namesake of the highway's name in the town. NH 171 crosses the Beech River in Water Village, then climbs over high ground south of Thompson Hill and intersects NH 28 west of Ossipee Corner, the town center of Ossipee. The highway parallels Poland Brook east of Ossipee Corner and reaches its eastern terminus at NH 16 (White Mountain Highway) just north of that highway's crossing of Poland Brook.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Carroll County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Moultonborough | 0.000 | 0.000 | NH 109 (Governor John Wentworth Highway) – Moultonborough, Melvin Village, Wolfeboro | Western terminus |
| Ossipee | 13.448 | 21.642 | NH 28 – Conway, Wolfeboro | |
| Ossipee | 15.194 | 24.452 | NH 16 (White Mountain Highway) – Conway, Rochester | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Pablo Calderón

Pablo Ezequiel Calderón (born 13 May 1998) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Chilean club Ñublense.

## Career

Calderón, alongside his brother, joined the youth system of Unión Santa Fe from Cooperativista in 2015 following a successful trial. They had previously played in the ranks of Charata Juniors. Four years later, in 2019, he was released by the club. Calderón subsequently headed to Costa Rican football with Liga FPD side Jicaral. He made his senior and professional debut on 19 September 2019 in an away win against Cartaginés. Fifteen further appearances followed across 2019–20. In August 2020, after leaving Jicaral, Calderón rejoined Argentine Primera División outfit Unión Santa Fe; penning a two-year contract.
For the 2024 season, Calderón signed with Deportivo Madryn.
In 2025, Calderón moved to Chile and signed with Ñublense.

## Personal life

Calderón is the twin brother of fellow professional footballer Franco Calderón.

## Career statistics

    As of 28 August 2020.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jicaral | 2019–20 | Liga FPD | 16 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Unión Santa Fe | 2020–21 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
# Pizzo Camino

Pizzo Camino (Pis Camì) is a mountain in the Bergamo Prealps, with a height of 2,492 metres (8,176 ft).
It belongs to the massif dividing the upper Val di Scalve from the upper Val Camonica, together with the Concarena and the Cimone della Bagozza. It is on the boundaries between the provinces of Brescia and Bergamo.
The summit is composed from limestone rocks, formed in the middle Triassic period from the former Tethys Ocean. The lower sides have instead a more sandstone-marl composition.

## SOIUSA classification

According to the SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:
* main part = Eastern Alps
* major sector = Southern Limestone Alps
* section = Bergamasque Alps and Prealps
* subsection = Bergamasque Prealps
* supergroup = Prealpi Bergamasche Orientali
* group = Gruppo Camino-Concarena
* subgroup = Gruppo del Pizzo Camino
* code = II/C-29.II-C.11.b
# Komi Kebir

Komi Kebir (Greek: Κώμη Κεπήρ [locally]; Turkish: Büyükkonuk or Komikebir) is a village under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus, claimed by Cyprus. It is located on the Karpas Peninsula, 33 kilometres (21 mi) north of Famagusta, and at an altitude of 90 metres (295 feet). As of 2011, it had a population of 812.
Before 1974, Komi Kebir was inhabited both by Greek- and Turkish Cypriots. The Greek Cypriots constituted the majority. In 1973, an estimated 762 people were living in the village, of whom 200 were Turkish- and 562 Greek-Cypriot. 66 students were enrolled at the Greek-Cypriot primary school for the academic year of 1973–74.
At the borders of the village, there are the churches of Saint George, Saint Afksentios and Saint Loukas. There are also the ancient churches of Panagia Kira, Saint George Parouzos, Saint Vasilios (in ruins), Saint Photiou (in ruins) and Saint Katherine (in ruins).
# Urolithin

Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity in vivo.
Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the Clostridium leptum group of Firmicutes phylum than Bacteroides or Prevotella.

## Known molecules

* Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin)
* Urolithin A glucuronide
* Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin)
* urolithin B glucuronide
* Urolithin D (3,4,8,9-Tetrahydroxyurolithin)
catabolic intermediates:
* Urolithin M-5
* Urolithin M-6
* Urolithin M-7
* Urolithin C (3,8,9-Trihydroxy urolithin)
* Urolithin E (2,3,8,10-Tetrahydroxy urolithin)
# New Hampshire Route 202A

New Hampshire Route 202A (NH 202A) is a 14.639-mile-long (23.559 km) east–west state highway in Strafford and Rockingham counties in southeastern New Hampshire, serving as a northern loop of U.S. Route 202. Its western terminus is in Northwood at US 202 and New Hampshire Route 9, and its eastern terminus is in Rochester at New Hampshire Route 108 and New Hampshire Route 125.

## Route description
### Northwood and Strafford

NH 202A begins in Northwood as an offshoot of US 202 (overlapped with NH 9) and proceeds due north towards the town of Strafford. The highway runs into the center of town, intersecting and briefly overlapping NH 126 before turning eastward. NH 202A continues east, passing briefly through the northern corner of Barrington before crossing into the city of Rochester.

### Rochester

NH 202A enters Rochester as Strafford Road, then turns east onto Crown Point Road before becoming Walnut Street. The road proceeds east into downtown, passing under the Spaulding Turnpike (US 202 / NH 16) without an interchange. The nearest interchanges to the turnpike are located at exits 13, 14 or 15. Walnut Street ends at a five-way intersection with Washington and North Main streets; NH 202A continues east onto North Main Street, which becomes one-way eastbound after crossing the Cocheco River and transitions onto South Main Street. Due to the counter-clockwise one-way flow of traffic in downtown Rochester, westbound NH 202A traffic transitions from South Main onto Wakefield Street, then must turn left onto Union Street and right onto North Main Street. The NH 202A designation continues for 0.3 miles (0.48 km) before terminating at Columbus Avenue (NH 125). Traffic continuing on South Main Street transitions directly onto NH 108 southbound.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Rockingham | Northwood | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 202 / NH 9 (Rochester Road) to US 4 / NH 43 – Concord, Portsmouth | Western terminus |
| Strafford | Strafford | 5.657 | 9.104 | NH 126 north (Parker Mountain Road) – Barnstead | Western end of concurrency with NH 126 |
| Strafford | Strafford | 5.857 | 9.426 | NH 126 south (Parker Mountain Road) – Barrington | Eastern end of concurrency with NH 126 |
| Strafford | Rochester | 14.639 | 23.559 | NH 108 south (South Main Street) – Somersworth, Dover NH 125 (Columbus Avenue) – Milton, Gonic | Eastern terminus; northern terminus of NH 108 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# London Buses route SL1

London Buses route SL1 is a Transport for London contracted Superloop express bus route in London, England. Running between North Finchley and Walthamstow bus stations, it is operated by Arriva London.
The route partially parallels routes 34 and 221.

## History

The route was first proposed by Transport for London in June 2023 as the second proposed new route in the Superloop network of orbital express bus routes. At the time of the consultation, the route was proposed to be numbered X34. It was proposed to partially parallel routes 34 and 221. Having been renumbered SL1, it was introduced on 9 December 2023. It is operated by Arriva London as a variation to its route 34 contract that it parallels between New Southgate and Walthamstow.
After a competitive tendering process, the contract was retained by Arriva London from November 2024 with the Alexander Dennis Enviro400H Citys to be replaced by brand new BYD BD11 Electrics. According to internal TfL reliability metrics from July 2024, the route is performing well and better than the contractual minimum standards, with bus speeds in line with expected performance.

## Current route

Route SL1 operates via these primary locations:
* North Finchley bus station
* Friern Barnet
* Arnos Grove station
* Palmers Green
* Silver Street station
* Meridian Water
* South Chingford
* Walthamstow Market
* Walthamstow bus station for Walthamstow Central station

## Operation

The route operates at a frequency of a bus every 12 minutes on weekdays and Saturdays and a bus every 15 minutes on Sundays.

## Reception

Route SL1 has been criticised for not offering a direct link to North Middlesex University Hospital in Edmonton.

## Former route SL1

From June 1996 until August 2002, a previous route SL1 ran in Central London connecting the mainline railway stations at Paddington, Marylebone, Euston, St Pancras, King's Cross, Liverpool Street, Fenchurch Street, London Bridge, Waterloo and Victoria. The route was operated by Thorpes and was branded as Stationlink, running an hourly (clockwise) circular service with route SL2 operating in the reverse direction. Both were replaced by routes 205 and 705 respectively in August 2002.
# Sqsh

Sqsh (pronounced skwish), short for SQSHell (pronounced s-q-shell), is a free and open-source substitute for isql, the interactive SQL client supplied with Sybase's Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) relational database management system.
isql and sqsh are, essentially, rudimentary command-line tools for issuing Transact-SQL commands to an ASE Server and receiving and displaying results.
Sqsh supports, among others, command history, aliases and piping output to or from external programs and sources. It runs on various flavours of Unix, including Linux as well as Windows through the Cygwin libraries.
# Tender Age (2000 film)

Tender Age (Russian: Нежный возраст, romanized: Nezhniy vozrast) is a 2000 Russian drama film directed by Sergei Solovyov.

## Plot

The story of one man growing up in a new market-mafia social life, the story of his love for the daughter of his parents' friends, who becomes a famous Parisian top model, relationships with whom go through the hero's life.

## Cast

* Dmitri Solovyov as Ivan Gromov
* Sergei Garmash as Semyon Bespalchikov
* Valentin Gaft as Saledon Sr.
* Kirill Lavrov as grandfather
* Ludmila Savelyeva as grandmother
* Nikolai Chindyajkin as psychiatrist
* Andrey Panin as captain Okunkov
* Elena Kamaeva as Lena
* Irina Grigorieva as sexy teacher
* Boris Grebenshchikov as cameo
# Pseudolaureola atlantica

Pseudolaureola atlantica, the spiky yellow woodlouse, is a species of woodlouse endemic to St. Helena's High Peak.
Unlike woodlice that forage on the forest floor, the spiky yellow woodlouse inhabits the treetops of tree fern thickets and black cabbage tree woodland, as well as black scale fern groves, found on Peaks National Park. They have also been recorded inhabiting St. Helena redwood trees.
Its numbers are in decline due to introduced species such as rats and competition with foreign woodlice. Large scale flax farming is decimating the now-reduced black cabbage tree groves that it inhabits. A captive breeding program was attempted but failed because of their need for very precise conditions,their focus has now changed from captive breeding to preservation of habitat. Currently, there are approximately 100 known individuals on the island, after the discovery of approximately 40 to 100 individuals.
Pseudolaureola atlantica probably feeds on spores and pollen.
Pseudolaureola atlantica is 1 centimeter long. It is bright yellow and covered in spines, and it has no visible dimorphism between the sexes. Its bright coloration and spines are likely used to ward off potential predators it may encounter.
# Angelism

In theology, angelism is a pejorative for arguments that human beings are essentially angelic, and therefore sin-less in actual nature. The term is used as a criticism, to identify ideas which reject conceptions of human nature as being (to some degree) sinful and lustful:
    "[Angelism] minimizes concupiscence and therefore ignores the need for moral vigilance and prayer to cope with the consequences of original sin."
# Happy victimizing

Happy victimizing phenomenon, happy victimization phenomenon or happy victimizer phenomenon is a phenomenon in child development, particularly moral development and cognitive development. It amounts to an apparent disparity in moral conceptions of children under the age 6-7: while they understand that acts of victimization are wrong, they attribute exclusively positively valenced or "happy" emotions to victimizers, who achieve their goals while harming others. While the belief that "getting what one wants" is good regardless the cost may be attributed to people of any age, the happy victimizer phenomenon appears to contradict a number of mainstream theories according to which the awareness of victims' harm is supposed to give rise to certain negative emotions, such as remorse or fear of punishment.
Bryan Sokol points out that the earliest demonstration in which young children ascribed wrongdoers positive emotions was provided in 1980 by Barden, Zelko, Duncan, and Masters. In their test, they provided 40 hypothetical situations and asked subjects to predict one of the selected affective reactions ("happy", "scared", "sad", etc.) They singled out an observation that the situation "dishonesty (not caught)" was predicted by the youngest children to produce the "happy" emotion, while in the oldest group the consensus was for "fear". A more detailed report, frequently cited as pioneering, was that of Nunner-Winkler and Sodian (1988). In an effort to clarify the nature of young children's morality, they conducted a certain experiment and reported that most 4-year-olds attributed positive moral emotions to the wrongdoer focusing on the successful outcome of the wrongdoer's action, while 8-year-olds focused on the moral value of the wrongdoer's action and therefore attributed him negative feelings.
# Slangerup Speedway Klub

Slangerup Speedway Klub is a motorcycle speedway club from Slangerup in the Frederikssund Municipality of Denmark, who compete in the Danish Speedway League. The team have won the Danish Speedway League title six times.

## Track

The track called the Slangerup Speedway Center is located on the western outskirts of Slangerup, on Hørup Skovvej 5A.

## History
### 1929 to 1966

Although the club were formed during the Easter of 1967 by Børge O. Christiansen, the history of speedway in Slangerup is linked by the founding of the Frederiksborg Amts Motorklub (FAM) on 14 August 1929. The connection with FAM was the building of a practice track in Slangerup adjacent to the Graese creek because of restrictions imposed on FAM's Selskov Speedway track in Hillerød during the 1960s.

### 1967 to 1985

The practice track became known as the Slangerup Speedway Centre, which opened in 1967. However, FAM still ran the teams of Kulsvierne (the Charcoalers), Drabanterne (the Guardsmen) and Skovtroldene (the Forest Trolls) in the Danish Tournament. In 1976, the decision was made to move the teams from Hillerød to Slangerup. The teams suffixed by the name Hillerød switched to the suffix by the name of Frederiksborg and the ties with Hillerød came pretty much to an end.
In 1983, Kulsvierne Frederiksborg became champions of Denmark for the first time. In 1985, the team finished in 10th place in division 1 outside of the places earmarked for the following season's new Super League. However, two teams above them were unable to take part in the new eight team league.

### 1986 to 2007

In 1986, the professional Danish Speedway League or Superliga was created, of which Slangerup were a founder member, finishing third. The team signed riders like Kurt Hansen and Per Sørensen and it paid dividends when they won the Championship for the second time (first named as Slangerup) in 1988.
Various riders were signed over the next two decades but the team experienced minimal success, although Brian Karger became Danish champion in 2000 when a Slangerup rider. In 2006 and 2007 the team finished runner-up in the league.

### 2008 to 2023

From 2008 until 2011, the team won three Championships and dominated Danish speedway. The title wins were achieved in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Riders such as Kenneth Bjerre, Jesper B. Monberg, Kenneth Kruse Hansen and Peter Ljung were instrumental in the success.
From 2013 to 2023, Slangerup reached the Super Final eight times but failed to win the Championship.

### 2024 to present

During the 2024 Danish speedway season the team finally won the Danish Speedway League, after 13 years without winning. The riders instrumental were Patryk Dudek, Michael Jepsen Jensen, Andreas Lyager, Chris Holder and Mikkel Michelsen.

## Notable riders

* Kenneth Bjerre
* Jason Crump
* Patryk Dudek
* Greg Hancock
* Chris Holder
* Kenneth Kruse Hansen
* Kurt Hansen
* Michael Jepsen Jensen
* Brian Karger
* Peter Ljung
* Leon Madsen
* Mikkel Michelsen
* Jesper B. Monberg
* Ronni Pedersen
* Per Sørensen
# Latvia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003

Latvia participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003 which took place on 15 November 2003, in Copenhagen, Denmark. The Latvian broadcaster Latvijas Televīzija (LTV) organised a national final in order to select the Latvian entry for the 2003 contest. On 8 June 2003, Dzintars Čīča won the national final and was selected to represent Latvia with the song "Tu esi vasarā".

## Before Junior Eurovision
### National final

56 songs were submitted to LTV. Ten entries were selected for the national final, and the competing artists and songs were announced on 17 March 2003.
The final took place on 8 June 2003, hosted by Linda Leen and Horens Stalbe. Ten entries competed and the song with the highest number of votes from the public, "Tu esi vasarā" performed by Dzintars Čīča, was declared the winner.
Final – 8 June 2003 :
| Draw | Artist | Song | Televote | Place |
| 1 | Gatis Freimanis | "Āfrika" | 1,039 | 8 |
| 2 | Eva Burtniece | "Dažkārt" | 870 | 9 |
| 3 | Līvija Daudze | "Smilšu pils" | 639 | 10 |
| 4 | Sabīne Berezina | "Saules stari" | 3,132 | 3 |
| 5 | Miks Dukurs | "Mana sirds" | 4,610 | 2 |
| 6 | Alīna Razumnaja | "Es..." | 2,340 | 4 |
| 7 | Edgars Šmiukšis | "Bungas dzied" | 1,212 | 7 |
| 8 | Dzintars Čīča | "Tu esi vasarā" | 11,993 | 1 |
| 9 | Ieva Stāmere | "Zvaigznes un melodijas" | 1,868 | 5 |
| 10 | Madara Viktorova | "Es gribu zināt" | 1,621 | 6 |
# Iron(III) selenite

Iron(III) selenite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Fe$_2$(SeO$_3$)$_3$. It exists anhydrous form and as various hydrates. The heptahydrate is produced by the reaction of ferric chloride and selenous acid (or sodium selenite) at a pH of 1.05. The pentahydrate has the structure of Fe$_2$(OH)$_3$(H$_2$O)$_2$(HSeO$_3$)$_3$. The single crystal diffraction of the trihydrate shows that its structure consists of two independent FeO$_6$ octahedrons and SeO$_3$$^{2−}$ with a tetrahedral geometry.
The anhydrous salt decomposes into Fe$_2$O$_3$·2SeO$_2$ at 534 °C, generates 4Fe$_2$O$_3$·SeO$_2$ at 608 °C, and finally obtains Fe$_2$O$_3$ at 649 °C.
# Pandit Rao Dharennavar

Prof. Pandit Rao Dharennavar is an Indian lecturer, known for his translation of social and religious literature between Kannada and Punjabi languages. He is serving as an assistant professor at Government College, Chandigarh. Pls check the facts

## Birth

He was born at Shirashyad Salotagi of Indi taluk in Bijapur district in 1975. He completed his M. Phil in Sociology from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He joined Government College, Sector 26, Chandigadh in 2003. He is working on translation of Guru Granth Sahib to Kannada for which he received 1 Lakh funds from UT administrator Shivraj Patil.

## Works

Translation of following works from Kannada to Punjabi:
* Vachana sahitya
* Dasa sahitya and Tatva-vada by Allama Prabhu
* Basava
* Akka Mahadevi
* Sarvajna
* Kanaka Dasa
* Purandara Dasa,
* Shishunala Sharif
* Bhimashankar Maharaj.
Translation of following Punjabi works to Kannada:
* Japji Sahib
* Sukhmani Sahib
* Zafarnama (letter)