# Aurizon

Aurizon Holdings Limited (/əˈraɪzən/ ə-RY-zən) is a freight rail transport company in Australia, formerly named QR National Limited and branded QR National. In 2015, it was the world's largest rail transporter of coal from mine to port. Formerly a Queensland Government-owned company, it was privatised and floated on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) in November 2010. The company was originally established in 2004–05 when the coal, bulk, and container transport divisions from Queensland Rail were brought under one banner as QR National.
In 2019, the company operated in five Australian states; on an average day it moved more than 700,000 metric tons (690,000 long tons) of coal, iron ore, other minerals, agricultural products and general freight – equating to more than 250 million tonnes annually. Aurizon also managed the 2670 kilometres (1660 miles) Central Queensland coal network that links mines to coal ports at Bowen, Gladstone and Mackay; it was the largest haulier of iron ore outside the Pilbara.
In 2021, a major corporate change was foreshadowed when Aurizon sought to acquire rail operator One Rail Australia. The corporate regulator, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, approved the sale subject to One Rail Australia's coal-haulage business in New South Wales and Queensland being divested. Aurizon's purchase of One Rail Australia's assets not subject to divestiture occurred in July 2022. Divestiture of the remaining assets occurred on sale to Magnetic Rail Group on 17 February 2023.
The company in 2023 was Australia's largest rail-based transport business, transporting more than 250 million tonnes (246 million long tons) of commodities per year.

## QR National

The QR National brand was established in the 2004–05 financial year when Queensland Rail's coal, bulk and containerised business units were brought under one banner.
The company's major traffic at the time was coal, both for export and domestic power generation, in Queensland. In 2005, QR National started to operate export coal services in the New South Wales Hunter Valley. By 2008, its operations extended across the entire mainland other than the Northern Territory when their first Melbourne–Perth intermodal container service started. In August 2008, QR National took over the operation of Melbourne–Horsham container service for Wimmera Container Line, after Pacific National withdrew its service.

## Public float

In 2009, the Queensland Government announced that Queensland Rail's commercial activities were to be separated from the government's core passenger service responsibilities, formed into a new company named QR National Limited, and privatised. The new company was incorporated the following year, taking:
* the coal business in Queensland and New South Wales
* regional freight business in Queensland
* bulk mineral and grain haulage in Queensland and Western Australia
* containerised freight between Cairns, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth.
QR National obtained a 99-year lease over the 2300 kilometres (1400 miles) Queensland coal network, comprising:
* the Blackwater system around the Port of Gladstone
* the Goonyella system around the Port of Hay Point and Dalrymple Bay
* the Moura line to the Port of Gladstone, which transports coal from Moura Mine and Boundary Hill Mine
* the Newlands line to Port of Abbot Point, which transports coal from Newlands coal mine, Sonoma Mine,Collinsville coal mine and Carmichael coal mine
* the West Moreton coal line, which transports coal to the Port of Brisbane from New Acland coal mine (loaded at Jondaryan and the Cameby Downs coal mine (loaded at Columboola, utilising in part the QR Western Railway Line.
On acquiring the lease, QR National became responsible for the maintenance of the coal lines.
The rolling stock workshops at Redbank, Rockhampton and Townsville were included in the privatisation.
The float took place in November 2010.
In August 2021, Aurizon signed a six year agreement with CBH Group (with two options to extend for a further two years) to provide rail haulage services for their grain trains. Although scheduled to transition in May 2022, all parties agreed to bring the handover date forward to September 2021. Aurizon had already been informally providing rail haulage services in the Geraldton region since mid-2021.
In February 2022, Aurizon commenced a five-year contract to haul mineral sands from Broken Hill to Kwinana for Tronox, to be extended 320 km east to Ivanhoe, where a new loading facility has been constructed.

## Re-branding as Aurizon

Following a vote by its shareholders, in 2012 QR National was rebranded as Aurizon. The CEO at the time, Lance Hockridge, said the new name derived from the words Australia and horizon. Marketers opined that the name was "a nearly perfect example of all that can go wrong with a rebranding" and that it was "a classic case of people making a weird hybrid name to try and make it unique and interesting so that people will remember it. This is not true: people don't remember made-up words."

## Company sales and purchases

In 2005, QR National incorporated a subsidiary, Interail, which had been acquired in 2002 and operated in New South Wales.
In the same year, QR National acquired logistics company CRT Group, for which it already provided line haulage.
In 2006, QR National acquired Australian Railroad Group (ARG), which operated in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia. ARG remained a separate subsidiary operation until it was rebranded as QR National in 2011.
In 2007, the company acquired the Golden Bros Group.
In 2019, after a Federal Court judgement, Aurizon's intermodal and trucking business was acquired by Linfox for A$7.3 million.

### Purchase of One Rail Australia non-coal assets

In October 2021, Aurizon agreed terms to purchase One Rail Australia. The transaction was approved in July 2022 by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) after the commission accepted Aurizon's court-enforceable undertaking to dispose of the seller's Hunter Valley coal haulage and Queensland coal haulage business to maintain competition levels. The ACCC Chair, Gina Cass-Gottlieb, said: "We are also satisfied that the divestment of One Rail's east coast business would preserve it as a potential competitor to Aurizon for the supply of non-coal bulk rail haulage in the future, and Aurizon would continue to be constrained by a number of existing bulk rail haulage competitors.” The sale was completed on 29 July 2022,$^{:7}$ and Aurizon took over One Rail Australia's South Australian, Northern Territory and interstate operations the following day under the brand, "Aurizon Bulk Central".
In December 2022, Aurizon agreed to an offer by Magnetic Rail Group Pty Ltd to purchase the divested assets. The buyer was to pay about $A425 million ($US284.3 million) – the equity value of the east coast business – and assume existing debt facilities, which originally totalled $A500 million. Proceeds$, A125 million of which was to be deferred for 12 months, would be used initially to reduce Aurizon's debt and would form part of Aurizon's available capital. After the ACCC gave regulatory approval, the sale was completed on 17 February 2023.

## Price regulation

As Aurizon's infrastructure was a monopoly, it was subject in 2018 to regulation by government organisations including the Queensland Competition Authority. Aurizon disputed the price that it should be allowed to charge its clients – for example when the Authority used a lower weighted average cost of capital that did not account for the risk that clean energy poses to fossil fuel.

## Events after purchase of ORA non-coal assets

On 20 February 2023, Aurizon announced it had re-entered the interstate intermodal market on being awarded a A$1.8 billion 11-year contract with Team Global Express (formerly Toll Global Express) – the largest non-coal contract in the history of the company. The company stated that services would begin in April 2023 and that by April 2024, five weekly services would run east–west (Melbourne–Sydney–Adelaide–Perth); two would run north–south (Brisbane–Sydney–Melbourne). The first revenue service of this contract departed Melbourne for Perth on 8 April.
In March 2023, Aurizon and Viterra proposed that the Australian federal government supply A$220 million in funding to repair and upgrade the Eyre Peninsula Railway lines. The proposal included re-opening the Port Lincoln–Wudinna and Cummins-Kimba lines and upgrading the outloading facilities at Viterra's Lock, Wudinna, Cummins, Kimba and Rudall sites. An annual target of at least 1.3 million tonnes of grain haulage was estimated. Aurizon and Viterra planned to have the network reopened within 12 months if funding were approved.

## East coast container service

In February 2023, Aurizon inaugurated two Melbourne–Perth containerised freight services and in September 2023 a weekly return container service on the Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane corridor in collaboration with its customer, Team Global Express.

## Accidents

On 23 February 2022, as part of the 2022 eastern Australia floods, freight train Y279 derailed at approximately 3:30am due to flash flooding that had resulted in a track washout at the 149.020km point just south of Traveston.

## Locomotive fleet

| Class | Type | Top speed (km/h) | Built | Number | Business unit | Use and area of operation | Notes |
| 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Standard gauge fleet |||||||||
| 5000 | Diesel-electric | 80 | 2005–2007 | 12 | Aurizon | Hunter Valley coal | |
| 5020 | Diesel-electric | 80 | 2010–2014 | 25 | Aurizon | Hunter Valley coal | Improved version of 5000 class |
| 6000 | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2009 | 12 | Aurizon | Hunter Valley coal | Ex QR National. |
| 6020 | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2012 | 9 | Aurizon | Hunter Valley coal | 6022, 6023 & 6025 allocated to Bulk Central/Intermodal |
| 6040 | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2017–2018 | 5 | Aurizon | Hunter valley coal | |
| CF | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2012–2013 | 2 | Aurizon | Hunter Valley coal | Ex CFCL Australia |
| 422 | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1969–1970 | 7 | Aurizon Bulk Central/West | South Australia/Northern Territory/Western Australia | 4 Ex One Rail Australia 3 Stored at Forrestfield Aurizon |
| CLF | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1970 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | Ex One Rail Australia |
| ALF/ ALZ | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1976 | 8 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | 1 Ex Australian Railroad Group, Scrapped. 7 Ex One Rail Australia |
| CLP | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1970 | 4 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | Ex One Rail Australia |
| J | Diesel-electric | 62 | 1966 | 3 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Northern Territory - Alice Springs | Ex One Rail Australia 2x Former Alice Springs Shunt Locos, now stored in Dry Creek with mechanical troubles and vandalism damage from Alice Springs |
| AC | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2009 | 8 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| ACB | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2011 | 6 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| ACC | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2013 | 3 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | ACC6032 Allocated to Bulk Central/Intermodal |
| ACD | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2022-2023 | 15 | Aurizon Bulk Central | NSW, Interstate mineral sands | ACD6041 - ACD6047 & ACD6050 - ACD6055 allocated to Intermodal |
| G | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1981-1989 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | Ex One Rail Australia |
| GM | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1965-1967 | 9 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | Ex One Rail Australia |
| GWA | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2011-2012 | 9 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | Ex One Rail Australia |
| GWB | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2019-2022 | 6 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | 3 ex One Rail Australia, 3 delivered to Aurizon. |
| GWU | Diesel-electric | 115 | 2020-2021 | 4 | Aurizon Bulk Central | South Australia/Northern Territory | Ex One Rail Australia |
| L | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1967 | 1 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group, 1 stored |
| LQ | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1967 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | 1 Ex Australian Railroad Group, 1 ex Interail, stored at Avon Yard |
| LZ | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1967 | 6 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| Q | Diesel-electric | 115 | 1997 | 23 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group 4 Ex One Rail Australia (FQ Class) |
| 3200 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1995–1998 | 3 | Aurizon | New South Wales | Regauged from 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge |
| Queensland 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge fleet |||||||||
| 1720 | Diesel-electric | 80 | 1966–1970 | 28 | Aurizon | General freight and shunting | 16 other units sold to South Africa in 2012, 8 stored |
| 2000 | Railmotor | 80 | 1960–1970 | 2 | Aurizon Network | Queensland network track inspections | Nos. 2004 and 2032 |
| 2100 | Diesel-electric | 80 | 1970–1984 | 53 | Aurizon | General freight and minerals | 5 other units transferred to Western Australia as the DD class (see below), 4 other units sold to TasRail in 2011, 3 to South Africa in 2012, 2 stored for parts |
| 2300 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1997–2002 | 51 | Aurizon | General freight and minerals, 7 other units in Western Australia as DFZ class (see below) | Rebuilt from 1550 class |
| 2400 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1977–1980 | 38 | Aurizon | General freight and minerals | 18 converted to 2300 class 1 stored |
| 2700 | Diesel-electric | 110 | 2019–present | 6 in service | Aurizon | General freight and minerals | These locomotives are dubbed the Super Clyde. These are rebuilt from older locomotives. |
| 2800 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1995–1998 | 46 | Aurizon | General freight and minerals | 3 other units on standard gauge (see above), 1 other unit in Western Australia as PA class (see below) |
| 4000 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 2000–2005 | 49 | Aurizon Coal | Blackwater and Moura coal networks | 4020 scrapped |
| 4100 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 2007–2012 | 56 | Aurizon Coal | Blackwater, Moura and Newlands coal networks | Originally 75 units, 19 units transferred to Western Australia as ACN class |
| 3100/3200 | Electric | 80 | 1986–1989 | 15 | Aurizon Coal | Bowen Basin | 63 rebuilt as 3700 class (see below), 4 other units sold to South Africa in 2012–2013, Remaining units scrapped during May and June 2016 |
| 3300/3400 | Electric | 80 | 1994–1995 | 13 | Aurizon Coal | Blackwater coal network | Stored |
| 3500/3600 | Electric | 80 | 1986–1988 | 68 | Aurizon Coal | Goonyella coal network | 15 stored |
| 3551 | Electric | 80 | 2003–2004 | 14 | Aurizon Coal | Blackwater coal network | Rebuilt from 3900 class |
| 3700 | Electric | 80 | 2005–2007 | 63 | Aurizon Coal | Goonyella and Blackwater coal networks | Rebuilt from 3100/3200 class |
| 3800 | Electric | 80 | 2008–2010 | 45 | Aurizon Coal | Goonyella and Blackwater coal networks | |
| 3900 | Electric | 100 | 1988-90 | 11 | Aurizon Coal | Blackwater coal network | Stored |
| Western Australia 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge fleet |||||||||
| A | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1960 | 1 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group, 1 other unit exported to South Africa in January 2015. |
| AB | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1970 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group. 2 other units exported to South Africa in January 2015. |
| ACN | Diesel-electric | 100 | 2011–2012 | 19 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Originally part of 4100 class, transferred to Western Australia and retained their original numbers |
| D | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1971 | 1 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group, 1 other unit exported to South Africa in January 2015. |
| DA | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1971 | 3 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| DAZ | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1971 | 1 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group, 5 other units exported to South Africa in January 2015. |
| DB | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1982 | 5 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| DBZ | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1982 | 5 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| DD | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1970–1984 | 5 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Converted from 2100 class |
| DFZ | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1971 | 7 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Converted from 2300 class |
| P | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1989–1991 | 13 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| PA | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1996 | 1 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Converted from 2800 class |
| S | Diesel-electric | 90 | 1996 | 11 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group |
| South Australia 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge fleet |||||||||
| 830 | Diesel-electric | 121 | 1960-1966 | 5 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Thevenard, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, all stored. Last 2 operational units placed into storage April 2023 with the arrival of two 2300 class from Queensland |
| 900 | Diesel-electric | 121 | 1960-1966 | 7 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Thevenard, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, all stored. Rebuilt from 830 and NSW 48 class locomotives. Last 3 operational units placed into storage April 2023 with the arrival of two 2300 class from Queensland |
| 1200 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1960-1967 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Thevenard, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, ex WAGR A class. Stored serviceable as backup units for the Gypsum train |
| 1300 | Diesel-electric | Unknown | 1956-1965 | 4 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Whyalla, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, ex BHP Whyalla DE Class |
| 1600 | Diesel-electric | Unknown | 1971 | 3 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Thevenard, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, formerly the NJ class. 3 stored, 2 stored serviceable as backup locos for the 2300 class in Thevenard. |
| 2250 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 2004 | 5 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Whyalla, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, repatriated from South Africa in 2019 and owned by Aurizon beforehand. |
| 2300 | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1997–2002 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Thevenard, South Australia | 2332 and 2364 trucked to Thevenard in March 2023. Both entered service on 13/04/2023. |
| CK | Diesel-electric | 100 | 1967-1968 | 4 | Aurizon Bulk Central | Whyalla, South Australia | Ex One Rail Australia, former Victorian Railways T class |

## Former fleet

Details of Aurizon's former fleet are as follows:
| Class | Type | Gauge | Top speed (km/h) | Built | Number | Business unit | Use and area of operation | Notes |
| 421 | Diesel-electric | Standard | 115 | 1965–1966 | 5 | Aurizon | Intermodal freight, grain | Ex Interail, 4 stored |
| 423 | Diesel-electric | Standard | 112 | 1967–1969 | 6 | Aurizon | Intermodal freight, Hunter Valley Coal, Grain | Renumber QR 1502 NSW. |
| 500 | Diesel-electric | Standard | 80 | 1964 | 1 | Aurizon | Shunting, South Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group; donated to SteamRanger in October 2010 |
| 830 | Diesel-electric | Narrow | 115 | 1963 | 1 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group; sold to Junee Railway Workshop in 2012 |
| 1600 | Diesel-electric | Narrow | 80 | 1971 | 2 | Aurizon Bulk Freight West | Western Australia | Ex Australian Railroad Group; exported to South Africa in 2015 |
| 2600 | Diesel-electric | Narrow | 100 | 1983 | 13 | Aurizon | Queensland coal and minerals | Exported to South Africa in 2012 |
| LDP | Diesel-electric | Standard | 115 | 2009 | 9 | Aurizon | Interstate intermodal | Leased from Downer EDI Rail' later returned |
| 2250 | Diesel-electric | Narrow | 100 | 2004–2007 | 25 | Aurizon | General freight and minerals | Rebuilt from 2100 class and 1550 class. All sold to South Africa 2014–2015; five bought back by GWA to operate in South Australia in 2019 - these are now owned by Aurizon again. |