OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ann Matibag

Maria Rene Ann Lourdes Garcia Matibag (born January 26, 1984) is a Filipina politician who is a member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Laguna's 1st District since 2022. She previously served on the Laguna Provincial Board from the 1st district from 2019 until 2022.
# Sofar bomb

In oceanography, a sofar bomb (Sound Fixing And Ranging bomb), occasionally referred to as a sofar disc, is a long-range position-fixing system that uses impulsive sounds in the deep sound channel (SOFAR channel) of the ocean to enable pinpointing of the location of ships or crashed planes. The deep sound channel is ideal for the device, as the minimum speed of sound at that depth improves the signal's traveling ability. A position is determined from the differences in arrival times at receiving stations of known geographic locations. The useful range from the signal sources to the receiver can exceed 3,000 miles (4,800 km).

## Design

For this device to work as intended, it must have several qualities. Firstly, the bomb needs to detonate at the correct depth, so that it can take full advantage of the deep sound channel. The sofar bomb has to sink fast enough so that it reaches the required depth within a reasonable amount of time (usually about 5 minutes).
To determine the position of a sofar bomb that has been detonated, three or more naval stations combine their reports of when they received the signal.

## Benefits of the deep sound channel

Detonating the sofar bomb in the deep sound channel gives it huge benefits. The channel itself helps keep the sound waves contained within the same depth, as the rays of sound that have an upward or downward velocity are pushed back towards the deep sound channel because of refraction. Because the sound waves do not spread out vertically, the horizontal sound rays maintain far more strength than they would otherwise. This makes it far easier for the stations on shore to pick up and analyze the signal. Usually, the blasts use frequencies between 30 and 150 Hz, which also helps stop the signal from weakening too much. A side effect of this is that the slightly higher frequencies of sound waves emitted move a bit faster than the lower frequencies, making the signal that the naval stations hear have a longer duration.

## History

Dr. Maurice Ewing, a pioneer of oceanography and geophysics, first suggested putting small hollow metal spheres in pilots' emergency kits during World War II. The spheres would implode when they sank to the sofar channel, acting as a secret homing beacon to be received by microphones on coastlines that could pinpoint downed pilots' positions. This technology proved to be useful for the naval conflicts during World War II by providing a method for ships to accurately report their position without use of radio, or to find crashed planes and ships. During the war, the primary model of sofar bomb used by the United States was the Mk-22. It worked exceptionally well, and had an adjustable fuse for different depth detonations. The bomb was used with a chart that detailed the depth of the deep sound channel, so that the 4 pounds (1.8 kg) of TNT would explode at the correct time for its location (as the deep sound channel's actual depth varies with areas of the ocean). Its main safety mechanism was the detonator that could not trigger without a water pressure that corresponded to at least 750 feet (230 m).
# Munkatsher Humorist

Munkatsher Humorist (Yiddish: מונקאטשער הומאָריסט) was a Yiddish language satirical weekly, published in Munkács, Subcarpathian Rus', Czechoslovakia (present-day Mukachevo in Ukraine) between 1924 and 1927. The paper was published by Aser Zelig Weiss, a badchen (Jewish wedding entertainer) famous in the city. The publication was popular among the local Jewish community.
Munkatsher Humorist was published on Wednesdays. It featured local news and comments on current events, as well as anecdotes and jokes. The newspaper carried advertisements in Yiddish, German and Hungarian. The language used in Munkatsher Humorist was distinctively folksy and idiomatic, showcasing a rich repository of the local Yiddish dialect.
The paper was politically independent. The paper ridiculed local Jewish internal politics, in particular joking about the struggles of the Hasidic courts of Munkács and Belz.
The launching of Munkatsher Humorist in 1924 had been preceded the same year by the emergence in Munkács of the daily newspaper Dos Yidishe Folksblat ('The Jewish People's Newspaper') during the lead-up to the 1924 election. In 1927 a rival Yiddish daily, Yidishe Tzaytung ('Jewish Newspaper'), was founded by Chief Rabbi Chaim Elazar Shapira. Munkatsher Humorist would dedicate significant attention to the squabbles between the two dailies.
The copies of the periodical were printed by the Meisels Bernat printing shop. The paper consisted of four pages. The format was 24x32 cm.
Munkatsher Humorist was eventually driven out of the market by other Yiddish-language publications.
# Drosophila synthetica

Drosophila synthetica refers to a genetically engineered population of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This population was created under laboratory conditions to ensure it is morphologically and genetically different enough from its wild type to be a separate species. D. synthetica has small white eyes, strongly veined wings, and is unable to hybridize with D. melanogaster. This population was created in 2012 by the Spanish geneticist Eduardo Moreno, working at the University of Bern.

## Features

D. synthetica is morphologically similar to D. melanogaster, but differs by having smaller eyes with no red pigments and more strongly veined wings.

## Reproduction

D. synthetica are fertile and able to produce viable offspring. Hybrids of D. synthetica and D. melanogaster die early in their pupal stage and are unable to develop into adults. As a direct result, the populations of D. synthetica and D. melanogaster are reproductively isolated.
# Lun Gywe

Lun Gywe (Burmese: လွန်းကြွယ်, pronounced; born 24 October 1930) is a Burmese painter who works in oil and watercolor. Outside of Myanmar his work has been exhibited, often in solo shows, in Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China, Australia, New York City, the Republic of Singapore.

## Life

Lun Gywe was born in Yangon, Myanmar on 24 September 1930, and was raised by his mother after his father died when he was five months old. From an early age he spent much of his time drawing. He studied under Thet Win, Chit Maung, San Win, Thein Han (painter) and Ngwe Gaing, and graduated from the Art Institute of Teacher's Training in 1954. He was an instructor at the State School of Fine Arts, Yangon (1958–1979) and principal of this school (1977–1979). He also taught at the Fine Art association the University of Rangoon (1960–1979).
He studied in China in 1964, and was awarded a fellowship in art restoration to East Germany in 1971. His year-long stay in China had a strong influence, and he incorporated the Chinese brush and ink techniques into his oils and watercolors. The course in east Germany let him study European masters in East Berlin, Dresden and Potsdam and confirmed his love of impressionism. However, his greatest influence has probably been Thein Han, under whom he studied and with whom he retained a close relationship in his later life.

## Work

Lun Gywe has been described as the greatest living Burmese painter. Lun Gywe began painting in a realistic and naturalistic vein, influenced by the major painters of the Rangoon School, Ba Nyan, Ngwe Gaing, San Win, and Thein Han who was his painting master. Over time, his works became more impressionistic and some of the works today might be called expressionistic. His exposure to rapidly executed Chinese ink and watercolor painting during his trip to China seems to have influenced his impressionistic work as he paints quickly and he is extremely prolific. His impressionistic work has been called "the action of impressionism". Of his Impressionist style, he has said, "I paint according to my emotions, drawing inspiration from smell and textures, light and shadow" An important part of his work focuses on the female form, his favourite subject. A strong believer in Buddhism, his work is unified by his devotion to the principles embodied in that religion of order, harmony, stability and grace. He has said "I find inspiration in calmness. I cannot create a good painting when in an unsettled frame of mind. I often meditate before I start a painting".

## Museum Collections

* National Museum of Myanmar
* Singapore Art Museum
* National Art Gallery (Malaysia)
# Paper-and-pencil game

Paper-and-pencil games or paper-and-pen games (or some variation on those terms) are games that can be played solely with paper and pencils (or other writing implements), usually without erasing. They may be played to pass the time, as icebreakers, or for brain training. In recent times, they have been supplanted by mobile games. Some popular examples of pencil-and-paper games include tic-tac-toe, sprouts, dots and boxes, hangman, MASH, paper soccer, and spellbinder. The term is unrelated to the use in role-playing games to differentiate tabletop games from role-playing video games.
Board games where pieces are never moved or removed from the board once being played, particularly abstract strategy games like Gomoku and Connect Four, can also be played as pencil-and-paper games.
# LG G3 Stylus

LG G3 Stylus is an Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics. It is a low-end phablet modeled after the design of the LG G3, and includes a stylus pen that can be used for drawing and touch input.

## Reception

NDTV Gadgets noted that the G3 Stylus, despite its name, was not built to the same specifications of the G3, acknowledging its lower resolution display, a "fairly pedestrian" processor, and for lacking additional design details present on the G3. The stylus was criticized for only being a "passive" accessory with no special support in the device's software for detecting when it is in use or for pressure sensitivity (similarly to the Galaxy Note series), beyond apps that happened to make sense for use with a stylus, such as QuickMemo. The camera was considered "decent though not especially impressive", believing that it was sufficient for casual online sharing. In conclusion, the G3 Stylus was described as being a "nice enough phone", but overpriced in comparison to similar devices with better specifications.
# Arshan Jasani

Arshan Jasani (born 15 December 1998) is a Tanzanian cricketer. He played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament. In October 2021, he was named in Tanzania's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their matches in Group B of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Rwanda. He made his T20I debut on 6 November 2021, against Cameroon. Later the same month, he was named in Tanzania's squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament, also in Rwanda.
Most recently played a pivotal part opening the batting for Murrumbeena Cricket Club’s first eleven premiership in Cricket Southern Bayside based in Melbourne, Australia.
# Sound of The Rising Sun

Sound of The Rising Sun is the debut LP by Raleigh hip-hop artist Drique London. The album was released digitally on May 13, 2015, by DOC Music Group. It features Carlitta Durand, Carrington, Fresh Daily, Like Of Pac Div, Justin Alexander and Donovan McCray. Production was handled by Majestic, U’nique Music & The Candidates. The album has found its way on numerous hiphop sites such as 2DopeBoyz, Funkmaster Flex, DJ Enuff, and DJ Booth
The first single off the album was "You Don’t Know". The second single was "Laybach".

## Music videos

A video was shot for “You Don’t Know" in North Carolina by Vinark Motion Pictures. A second video, "LayBach" ft Carringtion, was also planned.

## Critical reception

Grungecake magazine stated that the album was short and sweet. London was able to show his skills by switching flows and riding the beat differently on each song. They would also go on to write that Drique London is a relatable artist, in the vein of most of North Carolina’s most known Hip-Hop artists: J. Cole, Little Brother (group) and Rapsody.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Featured guest(s) | Time |
| 1 | "Preamble” | U’nique Music | | 1:14 |
| 2 | ”IXIIV” | Majestic | | 3:30 |
| 3 | ”You Don’t Know” | The Candidates | | 3:48 |
| 4 | ”Celebrate” | Majestic** | Carlitta Durand | 4:23 |
| 5 | ”Breach’” | Majestic | | 3:33 |
| 6 | ”Hol’ it Down (Vintage) | Majestic | Donovan McCray, Fresh Daily, Like (of PacDiv) | 5:00 |
| 7 | "Mysterious Vibes” | The Candidates | Justin Alexander | 3:47 |
| 8 | ”LayBach” | Majestic | Carringtion | 4:08 |
| 9 | ”Iz U Ridin’” | U’nique Music | Carrington | 3:44 |
| 10 | ”Negguz” | Majestic** | Carrington | 5:04 |
* (**) designates additional instrumentation from U’nique Music
# Samuel Röthlisberger

Samuel Röthlisberger (born 15 August 1996) is a Swiss handball player for TV Bittenfeld and the Swiss national team.
He represented Switzerland at the 2020 European Men's Handball Championship.
# Serafino

Serafino is an Italian given name. It may refer to:

## People

* Serafino de Montegranaro (1540–1605), Italian Capuchin friar
* Serafino de' Serafini (1323-1393), Italian painter
* Serafino Belfanti (1860–1939), Italian immunologist
* Serafino Biagioni (1920–1983), Italian bicycle racer
* Serafino Brizzi (1684–1724), Italian engraver
* Serafino Cretoni (1833–1909), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
* Serafino De Tivoli (1826–1892), Italian artist of the Macchiaioli group
* Serafino dell'Aquila (1466–1500), Italian poet and improvisatore
* Serafino Dubois (1817–1899), Italian chess player
* Serafino Ghizzoni (born 1954), former Italian international rugby union footballer
* Serafino Mazzolini (1890–1945), Italian lawyer, politician and journalist
* Serafino Mazzarochi (1890–1961), Italian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics
* Serafino Porrecta (1536–1614), Italian-Dominican theologian
* Serafino Tramezzini (1859-1893), Italian sculptor
* Serafino Vannutelli (1834–1915), Italian Cardinal

## Other uses

* Serafino (film), a 1968 Franco-Italian film by Pietro Germi
* Serafino (comics), a vagabond character in Italian comics
# Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway

The Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway in the Black Hills National Forest in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is a loop which is composed of portions of U.S. Route 16A (US 16A), South Dakota Highway 244 (SD 244), SD 87, and SD 89. Parts of the byway enter Black Hills National Forest, Custer State Park, and the Mount Rushmore National Memorial; the byway also travels within five miles (eight point zero kilometres) of the Crazy Horse Memorial. The byway is named after Peter Norbeck, who served as governor of and senator for South Dakota.

## Route description

The Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway consists of a loop made up of four numbered highways. The byway is part of US 16A, the Iron Mountain Road, south of Keystone. This portion of the highway includes several tunnels and pigtail bridges. The byway enters Custer State Park along its eastern edge and turns west at its intersection with SD 36. In the western part of the state park, the byway splits into two highways, one which follows US 16A westward and one which follows SD 87 northward. The US 16A portion of the byway runs into Custer, where the byway becomes part of SD 89 and heads north. This portion of the byway meets the SD 87 portion in the northwest corner of Custer State Park. The byway then follows SD 87 to its intersection with US 16 and US 385, where it becomes part of the nearby SD 244. The byway follows SD 244 eastward into the Mount Rushmore National Memorial, where it meets up with US 16A.

## History

Most of the roads which make up the Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway were proposed by Peter Norbeck when he was a U.S. Senator. Norbeck's first major proposal was the Needles Highway, which comprises the SD 87 portion of the byway and cuts through the Needles. Though engineers of the time said a highway could not be built in the Needles, the highway still came into existence. Norbeck also proposed the Iron Mountain Road, the US 16A section of the byway. The byway was established on September 23, 1996, and named in honor of Norbeck.
# Hira Lal Devpura

Hira Lal Devpura (1925–2004) was Chief Minister of Rajasthan state in India from 23 February 1985 to 10 March 1985. It was a stop gap arrangement between Shiv Charan Mathur and Hari Dev Joshi. He was a leader of Indian National Congress party. He represented the Kumbhalgarh Assembly constituency of Udaipur Division.

## Positions held

| Preceded byShiv Charan Mathur | Chief Minister of Rajasthan February 1985 – March 1985 | Succeeded byHari Dev Joshi |
# Ailstone

Ailstone is a village in Warwickshire, England. Population details can be found under Preston-on-Stour
# Wazir Khan

Wazir Khan was a title bestowed by Mughal emperors, and may refer to:
* Wazir Khan (Lahore) (c 1560–1642), governor of Lahore
** Wazir Khan Mosque, a mosque in Lahore commissioned by Khan when he was court physician
* Wazir Khan (Sirhind) (1635–1710), governor of Sirhind
* Wazir Ali Khan (1780–1817), fourth nawab wazir of Oudh
* Wazir Akbar Khan (1816–1845), Afghan prince
** Wazir Akbar Khan, Kabul, a neighbourhood of Kabul named after the Afghan prince
* Muhammad Wazir Khan (1834–1864), the second ruler of the princely state of Tonk
* Wazir Arsala Khan (19th century), Afghan politician
* Wazir Khan (Rampur) (1860–1926), chief musician of Rampur State and a descendant of Naubat Khan
# Indusium griseum

The indusium griseum, (supracallosal gyrus, gyrus epicallosus, dorsal hippocampal continuation) consists of a thin membranous layer of grey matter in contact with the upper surface of the corpus callosum and continuous laterally with the grey matter of the cingulate cortex and inferiorly with the hippocampus. It is vestigial in humans and is a remnant of the former position of the hippocampus in lower animals.
On either side of the midline of the indusium griseum are two ridges formed by bands of longitudinally directed fibers known as the medial and lateral longitudinal striae.
The indusium griseum is prolonged around the splenium of the corpus callosum as a delicate layer, the fasciolar gyrus, which is continuous below with the surface of the dentate gyrus. The indusium griseum and fasciolar gyrus are very small components of the limbic lobe, and are continuations of the hippocampal formation, forming an unremarkable thin continuous ring of grey matter at the edge of the cortex.
Toward the genu of the corpus callosum it curves down along the rostrum to form the subcallosal gyrus.
# Dusona aemula

Dusona aemula is a species of parasitic wasp belonging to the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Campopleginae. It is a parasitoid of Geometrid moth larvae, mainly Eupithecia species.

## Description

Head, antennae and thorax black. Second abdominal segment red on the posterion 0.1 – 0.3, third segment almost entirely red and fourth segment often marked with red, gaster otherwise black. Front legs yellow from the trochanter, mid leg yellow from the apex of the trochanter, hind tibia yellowish medially, narrowly marked with black basally, rather broadly marked with black apically. All tarsi are darkened apically. Glymma small. Maxillary palps yellow or yellowish red. Mandibles marked with yellow. Epipleuron of the third tergite not separated by a crease. Size 7-8 mm, 24–30 flagellomeres in females, 28–32 in males. Ovipositor index 0.6. Dusona aemula can be distinguished from the very similar species D. juvenilis by the length of the ovipositor and the presence of a distinct pleural part of the epicnemial carina only sometimes weakly obliterated ventrally.

## Ecology

Dusona aemula is a parasitoid of several species of Geometrid moth: Eupithecia absinthiata, Eupithecia centaureata, Eupithecia distinctaria, Eupithecia pimpinellata, Eupithecia ultimaria, Eupithecia venosata and potentially Operophtera brumata though this has not been confirmed. The wasp seems to be either bivoltine or univoltine depending on its host's life cycle and the climate, as it has at least two generations in continental Europe but only one further north. The larva overwinters in its own cocoon. Flight period between June and October.

## Distribution

Dusona aemula is known from almost the entire palearctic region: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and United Kingdom.
# Andrei Alenichev

Andrei Anatolyevich Alenichev (Russian: Андрей Анатольевич Аленичев; born 27 January 1971) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

## Playing career

As a player, he made his debut in the Soviet Second League in 1990 for FC Mashinostroitel Pskov.

## Personal life

He is the older brother of Dmitri Alenichev.
# Santebal

The Santebal (Khmer: សន្តិបាល, Sântĕbal; meaning "keeper of peace") was the secret police of the Khmer Rouge's Democratic Kampuchea (DK) regime in Cambodia.
The Santebal was in charge of internal security and running prison camps like Tuol Sleng (S-21) where thousands of people were imprisoned, interrogated, tortured and executed. It was part of the Khmer Rouge organizational structure well before the Fall of Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975. Its name is an amalgam of two words: sântĕsŏkh (សន្ដិសុខ) meaning "security" and nôkôrôbal (នគរ​បាល) meaning "police".

## History

As early as 1971, the Khmer Rouge or the Communist Party of Kampuchea established the Special Zone outside of Phnom Penh under the direction of Vorn Vet and Son Sen. Sen, later the Deputy Minister for Defense of Democratic Kampuchea, was also in charge of the Santebal, and in that capacity he appointed Comrade Duch to run its security apparatus. Most of the Santebal's deputies, such as Comrade Chan and Comrade Pon (Chan's deputy), hailed from Kampong Thom, Duch's home province.
When the Khmer Rouge took power in 1975, Duch moved his headquarters to Phnom Penh and reported directly to Sen. At that time, a small chapel in the capital was used to incarcerate the regime's prisoners, who totaled fewer than two hundred. In May 1976, Duch moved his headquarters to its final location, a former high school known as Tuol Sleng, which could hold up to 1,500 prisoners. It was at Tuol Sleng that the major purges of the Khmer Rouge cadres took place and thousands of prisoners were tortured and killed. Between 1976 and 1978, 20,000 Cambodians were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng. Of this number only seven adults are known to have survived. However, Tuol Sleng was only one of at least 150 execution centres in the country.