# Government of Estonia

The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia. Under the Constitution, it exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution and laws of Estonia.
The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament (Riigikogu); it directs and coordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.
The following duties are attributed to the cabinet by the Constitution of Estonia:
* executes the domestic and foreign policies of the state;
* directs and coordinates the activities of government agencies;
* administers the implementation of laws, resolutions of the Riigikogu (Parliament), and legislation of the President of the Republic of Estonia;
* introduces bills, and submits international treaties to the Riigikogu for ratification and denunciation;
* prepares the draft of the state budget and submits it to the Riigikogu, administers the implementation of the state budget and presents a report on the implementation of the state budget to the Riigikogu;
* issues regulations and orders on the basis of and for the implementation of law;
* manages relations with other states;
* performs other duties which the Constitution and the laws vest in the Government of the Republic.
Unlike other cabinets in most other parliamentary regimes, the Government is both the de jure and de facto executive authority in Estonia. In most other parliamentary regimes, the head of state is usually the nominal chief executive, though bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. In Estonia, however, the Constitution explicitly vests executive authority in the Government, not the President.

## Current cabinet

The current cabinet was approved by the Riigikogu on 23 July 2024.
The coalition agreed on 13 ministers in addition to the prime minister with six portfolios going to Reform, four going to Social Democrats and three to Estonia 200 .
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Government's Office ||||||
| Prime Minister | Kristen Michal | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Reform |
| Ministry of Finance ||||||
| Minister of Finance | Jürgen Ligi | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Reform |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs ||||||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Margus Tsahkna | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Estonia 200 |
| Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications ||||||
| Minister of Economic Affairs and Information Technology | Erkki Keldo | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Estonia 200 |
| Ministry of Justice ||||||
| Minister of Justice and Digital Affairs | Liisa Pakosta | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | E200 |
| Ministry of Defence ||||||
| Minister of Defence | Hanno Pevkur | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Reform |
| Ministry of Culture ||||||
| Minister of Culture | Heidy Purga | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Reform |
| Ministry of the Interior ||||||
| Minister of the Interior | Lauri Läänemets | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | SDE |
| Ministry of Education and Research ||||||
| Minister of Education and Research | Kristina Kallas | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Estonia 200 |
| Ministry of Climate ||||||
| Minister of Climate | Yoko Alender | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Reform |
| Minister of Infrastructure | Vladimir Svet | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | SDE |
| Ministry of Social Affairs ||||||
| Minister of Health | Riina Sikkut | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | SDE |
| Minister of Social Protection | Signe Riisalo | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | Reform |
| Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture ||||||
| Minister of Regional Affairs | Piret Hartman | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent | SDE |

## Previous cabinets
### Estonian Provisional Government

| Number | Government | Term of office | Days in office |
| 1 | Konstantin Päts' first provisional cabinet | 24 February 1918 – 12 November 1918 | 262 |
| 2 | Konstantin Päts' second provisional cabinet | 12 November 1918 – 27 November 1918 | 16 |
| 3 | Konstantin Päts' third provisional cabinet | 27 November 1918 – 9 May 1919 | 164 |

### Constituent cabinets

| Number | Government | Term of office | Days in office |
| 4 | Otto Strandman's first cabinet | 9 May 1919 – 18 November 1919 | 194 |
| 5 | Jaan Tõnisson's first cabinet | 18 November 1919 – 28 July 1920 | 254 |
| 6 | Ado Birk's cabinet | 28 July 1920 – 30 July 1920 | 3 |
| 7 | Jaan Tõnisson's second cabinet | 30 July 1920 – 26 October 1920 | 89 |
| 8 | Ants Piip's cabinet | 26 October 1920 – 25 January 1921 | 92 |

### Riigikogu cabinets

| Number | Government | Term of office | Days in office |
| 9 | Konstantin Päts' first cabinet | 25 January 1921 – 21 November 1922 | 666 |
| 10 | Juhan Kukk's cabinet | 21 November 1922 – 2 August 1923 | 255 |
| 11 | Konstantin Päts' second cabinet | 2 August 1923 – 26 March 1924 | 238 |
| 12 | Friedrich Karl Akel's cabinet | 26 March 1924 – 16 December 1924 | 266 |
| 13 | Jüri Jaakson's cabinet | 16 December 1924 – 15 December 1925 | 365 |
| 14 | Jaan Teemant's first cabinet | 15 December 1925 – 23 July 1926 | 221 |
| 15 | Jaan Teemant's second cabinet | 23 July 1926 – 4 March 1927 | 225 |
| 16 | Jaan Teemant's third cabinet | 4 March 1927 – 9 December 1927 | 281 |
| 17 | Jaan Tõnisson's third cabinet | 9 December 1927 – 4 December 1928 | 362 |
| 18 | August Rei's cabinet | 4 December 1928 – 9 July 1929 | 218 |
| 19 | Otto Strandman's second cabinet | 9 July 1929 – 12 February 1931 | 584 |
| 20 | Konstantin Päts' third cabinet | 12 February 1931 – 19 February 1932 | 373 |
| 21 | Jaan Teemant's fourth cabinet | 19 February 1932 – 19 July 1932 | 152 |
| 22 | Kaarel Eenpalu's first cabinet | 19 July 1932 – 1 November 1932 | 106 |
| 23 | Konstantin Päts' fourth cabinet | 1 November 1932 – 18 May 1933 | 199 |
| 24 | Jaan Tõnisson's fourth cabinet | 18 May 1933 – 21 October 1933 | 157 |
| 25 | Konstantin Päts' fifth cabinet | 21 October 1933 – 24 April 1938 | 1647 |

### Presidents cabinet

| Number | Government | Term of office | Days in office |
| 26 | Kaarel Eenpalu's second cabinet | 9 May 1938 – 12 October 1939 | 522 |
| 27 | Jüri Uluots' cabinet | 12 October 1939 – 21 June 1940 | 254 |
| 28 | Otto Tief's cabinet (acting) | 18 September 1944 – 25 September 1944 | 8 |

### Cabinet-in exile

| Number | Government | Term of office | Days in office |
| 29 | Johannes Sikkar's cabinet | 12 January 1953 – 22 August 1960 | 2780 |
| 30 | Aleksander Warma's cabinet | 1 January 1962 – 29 March 1963 | 453 |
| 31 | Tõnis Kint's cabinet | 1 March 1964 – 8 May 1971 | 2625 |
| 32 | Heinrich Mark's cabinet | 8 May 1971 – 1 March 1990 | 6873 |
| 33 | Enno Penno's cabinet | 20 June 1990 – 7 October 1992 | 841 |

### Restored Estonia

| Number | Government | Term of office | Days in office |
| 34 | Edgar Savisaar's cabinet (acting) | 3 April 1990 – 29 January 1992 | 668 |
| 35 | Tiit Vähi's first cabinet (acting) | 30 January 1992 – 21 October 1992 | 266 |
| 36 | Mart Laar's first cabinet | 21 October 1992 – 8 November 1994 | 749 |
| 37 | Andres Tarand's cabinet | 8 November 1994 – 17 April 1995 | 161 |
| 38 | Tiit Vähi's second cabinet | 17 April 1995 – 6 November 1995 | 204 |
| 39 | Tiit Vähi's third cabinet | 6 November 1995 – 17 March 1997 | 498 |
| 40 | Mart Siimann's cabinet | 17 March 1997 – 25 March 1999 | 739 |
| 41 | Mart Laar's second cabinet | 25 March 1999 – 28 January 2002 | 1041 |
| 42 | Siim Kallas' cabinet | 28 January 2002 – 10 April 2003 | 438 |
| 43 | Juhan Parts' cabinet | 10 April 2003 – 13 April 2005 | 735 |
| 44 | Andrus Ansip's first cabinet | 13 April 2005 – 5 April 2007 | 723 |
| 45 | Andrus Ansip's second cabinet | 5 April 2007 – 6 April 2011 | 1463 |
| 46 | Andrus Ansip's third cabinet | 6 April 2011 – 26 March 2014 | 1086 |
| 47 | Taavi Rõivas' first cabinet | 26 March 2014 – 9 April 2015 | 380 |
| 48 | Taavi Rõivas' second cabinet | 9 April 2015 – 23 November 2016 | 594 |
| 49 | Jüri Ratas' first cabinet | 23 November 2016 – 29 April 2019 | 886 |
| 50 | Jüri Ratas' second cabinet | 29 April 2019 – 26 January 2021 | 608 |
| 51 | Kaja Kallas' first cabinet | 26 January 2021 – 18 July 2022 | 537 |
| 52 | Kaja Kallas' second cabinet | 18 July 2022 – 17 April 2023 | 273 |
| 53 | Kaja Kallas' third cabinet | 17 April 2023 – 23 July 2024 | 463 |
| 54 | Kristen Michal's cabinet | Incumbent | 177 |