OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John George Bourinot (elder)

John Bourinot (March 15, 1814 – January 19, 1884) was a French-speaking Jersey-born Canadian merchant and politician, a member of the first Senate of Canada.
Born in Grouville, Jersey, in the Channel Islands, he was educated in Jersey and in Caen in Normandy in France and emigrated as a young man to Sydney, Nova Scotia, where he opened a business as a ship-chandler. In 1834, shortly after his arrival there, he was appointed French vice-consul and also worked as an agent for Lloyd's of London. In 1835, he married Margaret Ann Marshall, daughter of John George Marshall, from a politically influential local family. Together, they would have eleven children.
In the 1840s, Bourinot lobbied unsuccessfully for the independence of Cape Breton Island from Nova Scotia. In 1859, he was elected as the Conservative MLA of Cape Breton County in Halifax. Bourinot eventually sided with Charles Tupper, voting for the Confederation Resolution in 1866, and was appointed by John A. Macdonald as a Liberal-Conservative member of the first Senate of Canada.
His political career thereafter was unremarkable; Bourinot was mostly active in committee work. He died of a stroke in Ottawa, where he had wanted to attend the opening of parliament in 1884.
# Claude Richardson

Claude Sartoris Richardson (11 June 1900 – 22 February 1969) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia and became a lawyer by career.
He was first elected in a by-election at the St. Lawrence—St. George riding on 8 November 1954 then re-elected there for a full term in the 1957 federal election. Richardson was defeated in the 1958 election by Egan Chambers of the Progressive Conservative party.
# Ribes hudsonianum

Ribes hudsonianum is a North American species of currant, known by the common name northern black currant.

## Description

Ribes hudsonianum grows in moist wooded areas, such as mountain streambanks and in swamp thickets. They are upright to erect shrubs growing 0.5–2 metres (1+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) tall. They are aromatic, with a strong scent generally considered unpleasant. The stems are covered in shiny, yellow resin glands that lack spines or prickles. The leaves are 2.5–12.5 centimetres (1–5 in) long, divided into five sharp-toothed lobes, the lower two smaller. There are long hairs on the undersides, studded with yellow glands.
The inflorescences are erect, spikelike racemes of up to 50 flowers. Each flower is roughly tubular, with the whitish sepals spreading open to reveal smaller whitish petals within. Fruits are bitter-tasting, black berries, about 1 cm (3⁄8 in) wide with a waxy surface, speckled with yellow glands.

## Taxonomy

The species is divided into two varieties, each known simultaneously as northern black currants, and by their own individual common, and scientific names; the type variety, R. h. var. hudsonianum, is also known as the Hudson Bay currant; whereas R. h. var. petiolare is also known as the western black currant.

## Habitat and distribution

The species can be found in rocky areas and in humid forests, from montane to subalpine areas. Both varieties are present only in British Columbia, Idaho and Washington.
Hudson Bay currants are found in every province in Canada from Quebec westward, and in parts of the United States (Alaska, the Great Lakes region, the northern Rockies, Cascades, Blue Mountains, and other parts of the Northwest).
Western black currants are found in British Columbia, but are distributed primarily in the western U.S. (Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, northern Nevada, northern California, and Utah).

## Uses

The berries are bitter but edible.
# Minnesota State Highway 111

Minnesota State Highway 111 (MN 111) is a short 9.789-mile-long (15.754 km) highway in south-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with U.S. Highway 14 in Nicollet and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with State Highway 22 in New Sweden Township.

## Route description

Highway 111 serves as a north–south route in south-central Minnesota between the cities of Nicollet and Gaylord.
Highway 111 is also known as Main Street in the city of Nicollet.
The route is legally defined as Route 122 in the Minnesota Statutes. It is not marked with this number.

## History

Highway 111 was authorized on April 22, 1933.
The route was paved by 1960.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Nicollet County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Nicollet | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 14 – Mankato, New Ulm CSAH 23 south |
| Nicollet | 0.329 | 0.529 | MN 99 east – St. Peter |
| New Sweden Township | 9.798 | 15.768 | MN 22 – Gaylord, St. Peter |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Qi Tongsheng

Qi Tongsheng (Chinese: 齐同生; born July 1952) is a former Chinese politician who spent his entire career in northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. As of October 2024 he was under investigation by China's top anti-graft watchdog. Previously he served as vice chairperson of the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and before that, chairman of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Early life and education

Qi was born in Pingshan County, Hebei, in July 1952. During the Cultural Revolution in 1968, he became a sent-down youth in Pingluo County, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In 1977, he graduated from Gansu University of Technology (now Lanzhou University of Technology).

## Career

Qi entered the workforce in November 1968, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in November 1984.
In September 1985, Qi became vice president of Ningxia Industrial Design Institute, rising to president in June 1990. He was assigned to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Planning Committee in October 1995. At the committee, he eventually became deputy director in March 1998 and director in June 2002. He was appointed vice chairman of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional People's Government in January 2005 and in June 2007 was admitted to member of the CCP Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Committee, the region's top authority. In January 2013, he was chosen as chairman of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the regional advisory body.
In March 2018, Qi took office as vice chairperson of the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and served until March 2023.

## Downfall

On 8 October 2024, Qi was put under investigation for alleged "serious violations of discipline and laws" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.
# John Hancock Jr.

Rev. Col. John Hancock Jr. (June 1, 1702 – May 7, 1744) was a colonial American clergyman, soldier, planter, politician, and father of politician John Hancock. Hancock was born in Lexington, Massachusetts, He was the son of Col. John Hancock Sr. and Elizabeth Clark.

## Biography

Hancock graduated from Harvard College in 1719 and served as a librarian there from 1723 to 1726. He was ordained on November 2, 1726, and settled in Quincy, Massachusetts, as pastor of United First Parish Church, Quincy, Massachusetts until his death. He also owned one household slave.
He died when his son John was seven years old, Soon after, John's mother sent him to live with his father's brother, Thomas Hancock. Hancock Cemetery in Quincy is named in his honor.
# Minnesota State Highway 172

Minnesota State Highway 172 (MN 172) is a 11.515-mile-long (18.532 km) highway in far northern Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 11 at Baudette and continues north to its northern terminus in Wheeler's Point at the Lake of the Woods.
The route passes through the community of Hackett.
Highway 172 generally follows the Rainy River from Baudette to the Lake of the Woods.

## Route description

State Highway 172 serves as a north–south route between Baudette, Hackett, Wheeler's Point, and the Lake of the Woods.
Zippel Bay State Park is located 6 miles west of the Wheeler's Point junction of Highway 172 and County Road 8. The park entrance is located on County Road 8.
The route is legally defined as Route 140 in the Minnesota Statutes. It is not marked with this number.

## History

Highway 172 was authorized in 1933 and was originally numbered 72 as the north end of State Highway 72 between 1934 and 1963.
In 1963, the short connection to the Canadian border crossing at Baudette (now designated as part of Highway 72) was added to the highway system. The former northern section of Highway 72 between State Highway 11 (at Baudette) and Wheeler's Point (at Lake of the Woods) was then renumbered 172 at this time.
172 was paved (as 72) by 1940 between Highway 11 at Baudette and County Road 6. The section of 172 (as 72) between County Road 6 and Wheeler's Point was paved by 1953.
Highway 172 was numbered as an extension of Highway 72.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Lake of the Woods County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Baudette | 0.000 | 0.000 | MN 11 – Warroad, Roseau, Baudette |
| Baudette Township | 2.688 | 4.326 | CR 39 |
| Baudette Township | 5.710 | 9.189 | CR 30 |
| Wabanica Township | 6.900 | 11.104 | CR 6 |
| Wabanica Township | 8.549 | 13.758 | CR 31 |
| Wheeler Township | 9.543 | 15.358 | CR 32 |
| Wheeler Township | 10.610 | 17.075 | CR 8 west, CR 33 east |
| Wheeler Township | 11.260 | 18.121 | CR 33 |
| Wheeler's Point | 11.534 | 18.562 | Wheeler's Point Resort |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Cyrus Baldwin (engineer)

Cyrus Baldwin (June 22, 1773 – June 23, 1854) was one of the five sons of Loammi Baldwin of Woburn, Massachusetts, USA. Baldwin was the agent for the Middlesex Canal after having taken part in the survey work with his father and brothers. He also served as the inspector and sealer of gunpowder at Hale's in Lowell Massachusetts where he resided. Cyrus and his wife Elizabeth Varnum had one child who died at a young age.

## Civil engineering family

Like his brothers, Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777–1821), Loammi Baldwin Jr. (1780–1834), James Fowle Baldwin (1782–1862), and George Rumford Baldwin, he followed in his father's footsteps, working as a civil engineer for various canal and later railroad companies. Cyrus and his brother Benjamin were responsible for surveying the Merrimack River in 1818 for the purpose of making navigational improvements.
# BadBIOS

BadBIOS is alleged malware described by network security researcher Dragos Ruiu in October 2013 with the ability to communicate between instances of itself across air gaps using ultrasonic communication between a computer's speakers and microphone. To date, there have been no proven occurrences of this malware.
Ruiu says that the malware is able to infect the BIOS of computers running Windows, Mac OS X, BSD and Linux as well as spread infection over USB flash drives. Rob Graham of Errata Security produced a detailed analysis of each element of the descriptions of BadBIOS's capabilities, describing the software as "plausible", whereas Paul Ducklin on the Sophos Naked Security blog suggested "It's possible, of course, that this is an elaborate hoax". After Ruiu posted data dumps which supposedly demonstrated the existence of the virus, "all signs of maliciousness were found to be normal and expected data".
In December 2013 computer scientists Michael Hanspach and Michael Goetz released a paper to the Journal of Communication demonstrating the possibility of an acoustic mesh networking at a slow 20 bits per second using a set of speakers and microphones for sonic communication in a fashion similar to BadBIOS's described abilities.
# Simultaneous hermaphroditism

Simultaneous hermaphroditism is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being sequential hermaphroditism. In this form of hermaphroditism an individual has sex organs of both sexes and can produce both gamete types even in the same breeding season.
The distinction between simultaneous hermaphroditism and sequential hermaphroditism is not always clear. But unlike sequential hermaphrodites, simultaneous hermaphrodites are both male and female at sexual maturity. Also sex determination does not apply to simultaneous hermaphrodites (except in species with mix mating systems). In simultaneous hermaphrodites, self-fertilization is possible in some species, where in others it is absent.

## Evolution

The evolution of anisogamy possibly contributed to the evolution of Simultaneous hermaphroditism. It is known that simultaneous hermaphroditism that exclusively reproduces through self-fertilization has evolved many times in plants and animals, but it might not last long evolutionarily.$^{:14}$
The primary model explaining the evolution of simultaneous hermaphroditism from gonochorism in animals is the low density model. This model explains simultaneous hermaphroditism as a reproductive adaptation to limited mating opportunities. This is advantageous to simultaneous hermaphrodites that can self-fertilize, because they are able to reproduce even if they fail to find a sexual partner. The low density model is helpful for understanding the development of simultaneous hermaphroditism in many animal species. For example, in crustaceans simultaneous hermaphroditism can be found in groups that are sessile or live in environments with limited mating opportunities.

## Plants

Most plants are simultaneous hermaphrodites with it occurring in 80% of angiosperms.

## Animals

Simultaneous hermaphroditism is one of the most common sexual systems in animals. The majority of Cocculinoidea are simultaneous hermaphrodites and it occurs in over 67% of coral species.
# Harh

Hāṛh (Gurmukhi: ਹਾੜ੍ਹ; Shahmukhi: ہاڑھ, Punjabi pronunciation:) is the fourth month of the Punjabi calendar and the Nanakshahi calendar.
This month coincides with Ashadha in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and June and July of the Gregorian and Julian calendars and is 31 days in length.

## Important events during this month
### June

* June 15 (1 Harh) - The start of the month Harh
* June 16 (2 Harh) - Shaheedi (Martyrdom) of Guru Arjan Dev Ji

### July

* July 2 (18 Harh) - Formation of Sri Akal Takht
* July 5 (21 Harh) - Birth of Guru Har Gobind Ji / 21 Harh
* July 16 (1 Sawan) - The end of the month Harh and the start of Sawan
# Cathedral Song

"Cathedral Song" is a song by English singer-songwriter Tanita Tikaram, released as a single from her debut album, Ancient Heart (1988). It peaked at #48 in the UK. An extended length music video was made from the song, portraying a love story between two swimmers in a Summer setting. The video was shot in black and white, and Tikaram appears only in studio footage, not on the external footage. Most of the music video was filmed in Portugal, in Praia Grande, Praia do Guincho, Estoril and Cristo Rei sanctuary.

## Releases

WEA released a limited edition 7-inch EP box set which had three prints from the video. Other formats also had live tracks - "Over You All" (CD/7-inch box), "Let's Make Everybody Smile Today" (CD/12-inch/7-inch box) and "Fireflies In The Kitchen" (12-inch). Studio versions of the latter two were not recorded.

## Reception

Upon its release, Jerry Smith of Music Week praised it as a "wonderfully effective, dreamy ballad, with breathy vocal and complimentary sparse backing" that "deserves wide exposure". William Shaw of Smash Hits wrote, "It's a pleasant enough tune; a dreamy, floaty thing, full of haunting organs and guitar pluckings. But, if like me you spend all your time wondering what Tanita is singing about, then the sepulchral beauty of the whole thing kind of passes you by."

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 120 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 17 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 36 |
| Netherlands (Tipparade) | 2 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 48 |
| West Germany (GfK Entertainment Charts) | 71 |

## Covers

The song was covered by Brazilian singer Zélia Duncan. Her version, which has a similar arrangement but lyrics in Portuguese, was released in her second homonymous album (1994) and became a smash hit in Brazil. Her version (titled simply "Catedral") was also covered by Leandro from Leandro e Leonardo and by Renato Russo from Legião Urbana.
# Pete Brownell

Peter Royce Brownell (born 1969) is an American businessman. He is the Chairman of the Board of Brownells, a supplier of firearm accessories, ammunition and supplies based in Grinnell, Iowa. He is also chairman and CEO of Brownell's parent company, 2nd Adventure Group.
Brownell is a well known philanthropist. He has supported numerous causes such as renovating a public library, arts programs, building a skate park, planting a community garden, a robotics program at a local high school, a community education program at Grinnell College, and a new emergency center at the Grinnell Regional Medical Center. His donations to Grinnell College caused controversy, raising the question "if you take someone's money, are you endorsing them?" and caused the college to revise its gift acceptance policy, adding language saying Grinnell can consider the source of the funds when deciding whether to accept or decline a gift.
Brownell attended the University of Iowa. He earned a BBA in Administration and Marketing in 1991 and an MBA in 2001.
In 1997, Brownell started work at Brownells, the company started by his grandfather in Montezuma, Iowa, as an executive vice president. Under his leadership, Brownells expanded rapidly, acquired three other firearms-related businesses, became a defense contractor, created an online store, and moved into retail. Brownell became CEO in January 2012.
Brownell and his father Frank Brownell own various firearm-related businesses through their holding company that they co-chair, 2nd Adventure Group. Brownell is CEO. Businesses and brands owned through 2nd Adventure Group include Brownells; Crow Shooting Supply; the Big Springs Shooting Complex in Searsboro, Iowa; W.L. Baumler Company, a national wholesale distributor of hunting supplies and sporting goods based in Ohio; Sinclair International, an online retailer headquartered in Montezuma, Iowa that mainly sells tools for reloading ammunition, cleaning and maintaining firearms, and gun accessories; and AR15.com, an online forum that says it is "the world’s largest firearm community and is a gathering place for firearm enthusiasts of all types."
Brownell was on the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) board of directors starting in 2010 but resigned in late May 2019 due to the demands that position placed on his time. He was president of the NRA from May 2017 to May 2018. Brownell is a member of the NRA's Golden Ring of Freedom, the group's biggest donors who are honored with a mustard-colored jacket.
As of 2015, Brownell is on the board of Iowa Economic Development Authority.
# Arif Maharramov

Arif Ali oglu Maharramov (August 5, 1948 – August 9, 2022) — Azerbaijani film artist, Honored Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2000). He is widely recognized as the first animator-director in Azerbaijan to produce 3D animated films.

## Life

Arif Ali oglu Maharramov was born on August 5, 1948. He graduated from the Azerbaijan State Art School named after Azim Azimzade in 1972 and from the Faculty of Art at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in Moscow in 1981. From that year, he worked at the "Azerbaijanfilm" studio as a production designer in several feature films, as well as a designer and director in animated films. His paintings have been exhibited both in Azerbaijan and abroad. He was a member of the Artists' Union of Azerbaijan and Latvia.
He is also renowned as the first animator-director in Azerbaijan to produce 3D animated films. The animated films he directed represented Azerbaijan at film festivals held in Turkey and Sweden. One of Arif Maharramov's recent achievements in this field was the 2018 animated film My Little Prince, created using modern technology. Based on Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's famous work, the film was produced at the Azanfilm Animation Studio. In 2020, it won the "Bright Future" award at a film festival held in South Korea, earning first prize.
In recognition of his contributions to the development of Azerbaijani cinema, he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Artist of Azerbaijan on December 18, 2000.

## Filmography

* We Will Return (2007)
* Kosa Has Arrived (1988)
* Business Trip (1982)
* Kitabi Dede Gorgud: Basat and Tepegoz (2003)
* Kitabi Dede Gorgud: The Story of Sekray (1990)
* Nasreddin Hodja
* The Apprentice of the Astrologer (1983)
* Greetings from the Other World (1991)
* The Fortress (2008)
* Qaravalli (1989)
* Qaravalli-2 (1992)
* Chrysanthemum Leaf (1989)
* Time to Sleep (1984)
* Seven Beauties (1982)
# Smithichthys fucorum

The leafy klipfish (Smithichthys fucorum) is a species of clinid found along the coast of South Africa from Cape Point to the Bashee River. Its preferred habitat is amongst seaweed in the subtidal zone. It can reach a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in). It is currently the only known member of its genus. The generic name honours the South African ichthyologist J.L.B. Smith (1897–1968), while the specific name means belonging to the brown seaweed genus Fucus, a reference to its habitat, colouring, and form.
# Eastern Punjabi dialects

Eastern Punjabi (Caṛhdī Panjābī; Punjabi pronunciation:) is a group of Punjabi dialects, spoken in parts of India and Pakistan, classified within the Northwestern zone of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.
Eastern Punjabi, alongside Western Punjabi (Lahnda), makes up the two dialect groups within the Punjabi language; with the Majhi dialect, as Central Punjabi, being transitional between both and forming the basis of Standard Punjabi. It includes the dialects of Doabi, Malwai, Puadhi, and the extinct Lubanki; with Majhi being transitional between it and Western Punjabi.
Sometimes, Dogri and Kangri are also classified as Punjabi varieties within this group; but most classifications place them in Western Pahari, being intermediate with Eastern Punjabi. Similarly many dialects in northern India, outside of the proper Punjabi dialects and groups, typically spoken on state borders, are classified as being transitional with Eastern Punjabi such as Bagri, Bilaspuri, and Bhateali.
This group of dialects originated in what is now Indian Punjab and its surroundings, where it is most widely spoken. Its occurrence in areas of Pakistani Punjab, like Faisalabad (in the form of Doabi), is due to the post-partition mass migration of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab towards West Punjab.
# Lorenzo Malfatti

Lorenzo Malfatti (September 11, 1923, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – November 23, 2007, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was a baritone opera singer and professor of music at Chatham College, where he taught voice, diction, and opera, and conducted the Chatham College Choir.
Later in his career he was a voice coach for the Lyric Opera of Chicago. He later joined the faculty of the University of Cincinnati's College-Conservatory of Music. He was an alumnus of the Juilliard School, the Cherubini Conservatory in Florence, Italy, and the St. Cecilia Conservatory and Academy in Rome, Italy. He held an honorary doctorate from Chatham College.
He dubbed the voices of Fernando Lamas in the 1952 film The Merry Widow, Howard Keel in Annie Get Your Gun (1950) and Danny Kaye in Hans Christian Andersen (1952).