OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sclerocactus glaucus

Sclerocactus glaucus is a rare species of cactus known by the common name Colorado hookless cactus. It is endemic to Colorado in the United States, where it is known only from the area between Grand Junction and Montrose. It is a federally listed threatened species.
The description of this species formerly included plants now belonging to Sclerocactus brevispinus and Sclerocactus wetlandicus, two cacti endemic to Utah. When the second of the two species was separated in 1994, the name S. glaucus was applied only to plants found in Colorado; it made the common name Uinta Basin hookless cactus a misnomer, because now this species does not occur in the Uinta Basin of Utah. The two new species retained their federally threatened status, which they had received while members of S. glaucus. Sources vary in whether they recognize the separation of these species from S. glaucus; Anderson (2001) does not.
This cactus is cylindrical in shape and measures up to 28 centimeters tall by 9 wide, though it is usually much shorter. During the dry season it may shrink so much it disappears beneath the soil surface. There are up to 12 white radial spines on each of its areoles, and several straight whitish, reddish, or black central spines pointing in various directions. The central spines may be 1 to 2 centimeters long or more. The fragrant funnel- or bell-shaped flower is up to 5 or 6 centimeters long and has pink tepals. The stamens have white or green filaments and yellow anthers. The fruit is barrel-shaped and up to 2 or 3 centimeters in length.
This plant grows on exposed stretches of gravelly clay, including alluvial benches above floodplains and on mesa slopes. Nearby rivers include the Green, Colorado and Gunnison Rivers. It is part of saltbush and sagebrush-dominated desert shrub plant communities, or pinyon-juniper woodlands. Other plants in the habitat include shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia), galleta (Hilaria jamesii), black sagebrush (Artemisia nova), Indian rice grass (Stipa hymenoides), strawberry hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus), Simpson's pincushion cactus (Pediocactus simpsonii), prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polyacantha), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), yucca (Yucca harrimaniae), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), low rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus), sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), and Salina wildrye (Leymus salinus).
This cactus faces a number of threats. Almost all of the populations are threatened by habitat loss and degradation due to human activities such as hydrocarbon exploration, residential development, rock mining, and the introduction of livestock to the area. It has been affected by the TransColorado Pipeline. The petroleum industry is expected to attract a large population to this rural area. Poaching is also a problem.
# Andrew Downton

Andrew Graham Downton (born 17 July 1977) is an Australian cricketer, who played for the Tasmanian Tigers. He plays club cricket for South Hobart/Sandy Bay Cricket Club.
Andrew Downton had an impressive start to his first class career, taking 6/56 against the New South Wales Blues on debut. However he has since struggled to come back from injuries which saw him miss most of the 2004–05 season, and recapture his impressive initial form.
# René Rutschmann

René Rutschmann (born 7 January 1941) is a former Swiss cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Zibo Qisheng F.C.

Zibo Qisheng Football Club (Chinese: 淄博齐盛足球俱乐部) is a Chinese football club based in Zibo, Shandong. Zibo Qisheng plays its home matches at the Zibo Sports Center Stadium, located within Zhangdian District.

## History

Weifang Juexiaoya F.C. was founded in Weifang, Shandong on 1 July 2015. In 2021, the club moved to Zibo and renamed themselves as Zibo Qisheng F.C. They then participated in the 2021 Chinese Champions League and gained promotion to China League Two.

## Name history

* 2015–2021 Weifang Juexiaoya F.C. 潍坊绝小鸭
* 2021– Zibo Qisheng F.C. 淄博齐盛
# Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a bacterium that sustains its life cycle at extremely low pH values, and it is one of the very few organisms that gain energy from oxidating ferrous iron (Fe +II). It can make copper from ores water-soluble, and it can sequester both carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere.
A. ferrooxidans the best-studied of the acidophilic bacteria. During mining activities, the bacterium plays a crucial role in producing harmful acidic and metal-rich drainage water through the dissolution of sulfide minerals, but it also recovers precious dissolved metals.
The gram-negative bacterium grows best at 30 °C at pH 2 and Fe 2+ concentrations of 10$^{−1}$ M, but growth still occurs at pH values of less than 1.

## Genetics

The ATCC 23270 type strain has one circular chromosome of 2.9 million base pairs and a G+C content of 59%. Genome sequencing has shown 2070 genes that code for a protein with a known function, while 1147 hypothetical proteins have been found. The bacterium contains a gene that makes it toluene-resistant. Genes for chemotaxis and locomotion (flagella) have not been observed.
# Aubrey Mathibe

Aubrey Tlali Mathibe (born 16 July 1980 in Kroonstad, Free State) is a South African football (soccer) goalkeeper. He played for the Premier Soccer League club AmaZulu.

## Career

His previous clubs are Kaizer Chiefs, Moroka Swallows and Thanda Royal Zulu. Mathibe was a reserve goalkeeper for Kaizer Chiefs, making just one competitive appearance in eight years with the club.
# Arnala-class corvette

Arnala class was an Indian designation for the Petya III-class vessels of the Indian Navy.
Although these vessels were classified as frigates in the Soviet Navy, they were classified by the Indian Navy as anti-submarine corvettes due to their role and smaller size. Vessels of the class were named for Indian islands.

## Operational history

INS Kiltan (P79) and INS Katchall (P81) were part of the task force for Operation Trident during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971.
The hulls of this class were of relatively inferior quality built only 5mm thick for use in the Baltic sea and Black seas, compared to the rest of the Navy's mostly British built ships which had 8mm thick hulls requiring the vessels to undergo major refit every 5 years to prevent corrosion. The Indian Navy constructed the Naval Dockyard at Visakhapatnam, primarily to service Russian vessels. But given the lack of engineering support from Russia there were inordinate delays in completing the servicing facility. This resulted in considerable delay of the second refit for INS Andaman (P74), which was in poor repair and subsequently was lost at sea in conditions, 140 miles (230 km) east of Visakhapatnam on 21 August 1990 around 2:03 pm, where it was conducting anti-submarine exercises with five other Indian warships. The Andaman's loss cost the navy an estimated Rs 8 crore, including the initial cost of the ship and weapons on board, as well as the lives of 15 sailors.

## Vessels

The corvettes of this class constituted the 31st Patrol Vessel Squadron of the Eastern Naval Command and the 32nd Patrol Vessel Squadron of the Western Naval Command.
| Name | Pennant | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Fate |
| Arnala | P68 | 29 June 1972 | 9 April 1999 | |
| Androth | P69 | 30 June 1972 | 9 April 1999 | |
| Anjadip | P73 | 23 December 1972 | 13 December 2003 | |
| Andaman | P74 | 28 December 1973 | | Storm 22 August 1990 |
| Amini | P75 | 12 December 1974 | 16 September 2002 | |
| Kamorta | P77 | 21 November 1968 | 31 October 1991 | |
| Kadmatt | P78 | 23 December 1968 | 30 November 1992 | |
| Kiltan | P79 | 30 October 1969 | 30 June 1987 | |
| Kavaratti | P80 | 23 December 1969 | 31 July 1986 | |
| Katchall | P81 | 23 December 1969 | 31 December 1988 | |
| Amindivi | P83 | 1976 | 1986–1988 | |
# Pleodendron macranthum

Pleodendron macranthum (chupacallos) is a rare species of tree in the family Canellaceae. It is endemic to Puerto Rico, where there are only three tiny populations remaining. Two individual plants are located in El Yunque and 8 to 10 plants remain in Río Abajo State Forest. This tree is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This evergreen tree grows up to 10 meters tall and 20 centimeters in diameter. The wood is hard and white in color. The leathery leaves are up to 12.5 centimeters long by 5 wide. The blades are dark green, shiny, and smooth on the edges. Flowers occur singly in the leaf axils. The flower is 2 centimeters wide and has 12 petals. The fruit ripens purple-black and is about 2 centimeters wide.
This tree is rare and limited in distribution because of deforestation and habitat modification in the forests of Puerto Rico.
# Synchronized swimming at the 1987 Pan American Games

Synchronized swimming at the 1987 Pan American Games was held from August 7 to August 23, 1987 in Indianapolis, United States. There were three medal events. Events were held at the Indiana University Natatorium.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Mexico (MEX) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 4 | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Solo | Tracie Ruiz United States | 195.484 | Sylvie Fréchette Canada | 188.184 | Teresa Pérez Cuba | 178.151 |
| Duet | United States (USA) Karen Josephson Sarah Josephson | 192.117 | Canada (CAN) Karen Fonteyne Karn Sribney | 183.450 | Mexico (MEX) Lourdes Candini Susana Candini | 177.517 |
| Team | United States (USA) Kristen Babb Tracie Ruiz Conforto Lori Hatch Karen Josephson Sarah Josephson Tracy Long Lisa Riddell Michelle Svitenko Karen Madsen Susan Reed | 190.598 | Canada (CAN) | 183.777 | Mexico (MEX) | 174.858 |
# Gottfried Schmutz

Gottfried "Gody" Schmutz (born 26 October 1954 in Hagenbuch, Switzerland) is a retired Swiss road racing cyclist. He was professional from 1977 to 1987. He was the Swiss National Road Race champion in 1978, 1980 and 1985.

## Results

* 1978
** Swiss Road Cycling Champion 1978
** 3rd, Tour of Britain
** 3rd, Stausee-Rundfahrt Klingnau
** 3rd, Tour de Berne
** 5th, Tour de Suisse
** 6th, Tour de Romandie
* 1979
** Winner, Tour de Berne
** 2nd, Tour de Lausanne
* 1980
** Swiss Road Cycling Champion 1980
** Winner, Tour de Lausanne
** 8th, Tour of Flanders
* 1981
** 4th, Tour de Suisse
** 10th, Tour de Romandie
* 1985
** Swiss Road Cycling Champion 1985
** Winner, Grand Prix de Lugano
# Council Grove Group

The Council Grove Group is a geologic group in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska as well as subsurface Colorado. It preserves fossils dating to the Carboniferous-Permian boundary. This group forms the foundations and lower ranges of the Flint Hills of Kansas, underlying the Chase Group that forms the highest ridges of the Flint Hills.
The Group particularly consists of megacyclothems alternating between massive mudstone paleosols and massive shallow marine limestone. The sequences of these alternations correlate with the ~400,000 year component of Milankovitch cycles. A number of the limestones have minor flint-filled marine animal burrows, anticipating the massive flint beds of the Chase Group.
With the exposure of the group's lower formations in the 1993 flooding, the entirety of the Council Grove Group, from hillcrest Speiser Shale down to pond-level Americus limestone, is exposed for study from top to bottom in the Tuttle Creek Lake Spillway.
# Glen Washington

Glenroy Washington (born 17 July 1957), is a Jamaican reggae/soca singer-songwriter, drummer and record producer. Washington made his first hit record "Rockers Not Crackers" in 1978 for the Joe Gibbs Record label; but he did not grace the charts again until the release of the hit "Kindness For Weakness" in 1998.

## Discography
### Albums

* Brother To Brother (1996), Studio One
* Get Next To Me (1998), VP Records/Joe Frasier
* Think About It (1999), Digital Eclipse Records
* Can't You See (1999), Charm Records
* Solitary Red Rose (1999), Ruff Stuff Records (as Glenn Washington)
* Wandering Stranger (2000), Studio One
* Number One Girl (2000), VP Records
* Can't Keep A Good Man Down (2001), Don One Sounds
* Free Up The Vibes (2001), VP Records
* Your Love (2002), VP Records
* Wanna Be Loved (2004), VP Records
* The Right Road, (2004), Jet Star Records
* Heart of the City (2006), Don One Sounds
* Destiny (2008), VP Records
* Glen Washington Meets Jah Ruby (2009), Jah Ruby Records/VP Records
* Masterpiece (2012), Zion High Productions
* Vibes (2013), Cou$ins Records
* Time of My Life (2017), Love Injection Productions
* I'm Livin Well (2020), Heavy Beat Records
* Mr Washington (2022), Love Injection Productions
* Jah Children (2023), Zion High Productions
# Springstone (material)

Springstone is an exceptionally hard, dark serpentinite stone used in Shona sculpture.
Springstone is found in the Tengenenge region of Zimbabwe. The statue of Robert Mugabe at the State House in Harare was carved out of springstone using chisels and sandpaper.
# Edward Geers

Edward Franklin Geers (January 25, 1851 – September 3, 1924), nicknamed "Pop", was an American harness racer and author of 'Ed Geers' experience with the Trotters and the Pacers.'
He was born on January 25, 1851, in Tennessee to William Gideon Geers and Emily Woolard. He died on September 3, 1924, in Wheeling, West Virginia.
# Shore Front Parkway

Shore Front Parkway is a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) beachfront road paralleling the Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk in the New York City borough of Queens, running between Beach 73rd Street and Beach 108th Street.
The parkway opened in 1939 after parks commissioner Robert Moses cleared a 200-foot-wide (61 m) strip of land north of the boardwalk. Moses demolished more than 700 buildings in the parkway's path and destroyed what he described as "catch-penny enterprises" along the boardwalk, replacing them with recreational fields. In the process, nearly half of the Rockaways' Playland amusement park was destroyed.
Often called the "road to nowhere" by Rockaway residents because its termini do not access any well-traveled locations, Shore Front Parkway was intended by Moses as a link in a never-completed grand shorefront drive extending from Brooklyn to the Hamptons. This project of Moses' was permanently thwarted in the 1960s when the National Park Service gained control of the bulk of Fire Island in Suffolk County, an essential link in the proposed highway, and decreed that it remain a permanently roadless National Seashore.
In July 2007, the New York City Department of Transportation announced that it would extend Shore Front Parkway through Beach 67th Street, where it would intersect with Rockaway Beach Boulevard. The extension, called Beach Front Road, was subsequently extended through to Beach 60th Street. The southernmost roadway of Shore Front Parkway accommodates a two-way protected bike path.
# Ann Mercy Hunt

Ann Mercy Hunt MBE (25 October 1938 – 25 June 2014) was a British medical researcher and campaigner. She co-founded the Tuberous Sclerosis Association and became a researcher into the tuberous sclerosis complex. Her youngest son died from the condition aged 13. In 1997 the TSC2 gene was identified by a European consortium supported by her organisation.

## Life

Hunt was born in Welshpool in 1938. Hunt went to City of London School for Girls before taking Chemistry at Cambridge University. She married John Hunt as they both worked in research in America and in the UK, where she learnt about research techniques. John became an academic in Oxford.
She had a son who suffered from Tuberous Sclerosis and she was surprised to find that there was so little information or research into the condition. Her youngest son died from the condition aged 13.
She founded the Tuberous Sclerosis Association in 1977. Ann got involved with the research required and worked on a database of the behavioural and physical aspects of the disease. She used these to publish academic papers on the condition and in 1993 she became the TSA's research director. She was credited with making the research happen. In 1997 the TSC2 gene was identified by a European consortium supported by her organisation. The gene's identification enabled a test to be created and the development of drugs that can be used to treat the condition.
In 2002 she received an MBE for her work with the Tuberous Sclerosis Association. Her husband, John, died in 2012 and she died in 2014.
# Cataclysta psathyrodes

Cataclysta psathyrodes is a Crambidae species in the genus Cataclysta. It was described by Turner in 1908, and is known from Australia.
# Hotwheels sisyphus

Hotwheels sisyphus is a species of Chinese ground spiders (family Gnaphosidae). It is the only species in the genus Hotwheels. It was first described by Bo Liu and Feng Zhang, both from Hebei University, in 2024, and has only been found in China.

## Etymology

The genus name is derived from Hot Wheels, an American brand of scale model cars. The long coiled embolus of the palpal bulb of this new genus reminded the authors of a looping Hot Wheels track. The species is named for Sisyphus, a king from Greek mythology, who is punished by the gods for cheating death. For this, the gods sentenced him to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only for it to roll back down. The cyclical nature of his punishment reminded the authors of the circular copulatory tube of the spider.
# John Dornan

John Pickens Dornan (August 11, 1880 – December 23, 1959) was an American cricketer. He played one first-class match for a combined Canada/USA team, against Australia in Manheim, Pennsylvania in 1913, scoring 21 runs in the match.
# Luminary Group

Luminary Group LLC is a licensing and intellectual property management company. The company represents the rightsowners of personalities including Babe Ruth, Vince Lombardi, Jesse Owens, Cy Young, Honus Wagner, Satchel Paige, John Wooden, and others.
The company has allied with the Screen Actors Guild in filing amicus briefs in support of Right of Publicity recognition throughout the United States, and has contributed to legislative efforts concerning the Right of Publicity. The company's founder, Jonathan Faber, teaches a course on the Right of Publicity at Indiana University's Robert H. McKinney School of Law.
Luminary Group's personnel have been cited in publications such as Licensing International, Billboard Magazine, and the American Bar Association's magazine. The company recently licensed Lombardi, the Broadway production based on Vince Lombardi, on behalf of the Family of Vince Lombardi.
Luminary Group has served as an expert witness in relation to lawsuits or other proceedings concerning intellectual property including:
* The Prince Estate
* Drake
* 50 Cent
* Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS)
* Uma Thurman v. Lancôme
* Nikki Sixx v. Vans, Thrasher
* Zooey Deschanel v. Steve Madden Shoes, Kohl's
* Oscar de la Hoya and Golden Boy Promotions
* Curtis Publishing and the Saturday Evening Post Society, Inc.
* Estate of Arthur Bemelmans v. DIC Enterprises
# The Devil Came on Horseback

The Devil Came on Horseback is a documentary film by Ricki Stern and Anne Sundberg illustrating the continuing Darfur Conflict in Sudan. Based on the book by former U.S. Marine Captain Brian Steidle and his experiences while working for the African Union. The film asks viewers to become educated about the ongoing genocide in Darfur and laments the failure of the US and others to end the crisis.

## Details

It is a Break Thru Films production in association with Global Grassroots and 3 Generations.
It premiered at Sundance Film Festival in 2007, was screened at the Laemmle Music Hall on Wilshire Blvd. in Los Angeles in June 2007 and opened its nationwide release at the IFC New York in July 2007. It was released on DVD on 30 October 2007.

## Awards

* Index on Censorship Film Award, Freedom of Expression Award 2009, Index on Censorship.

## Book

The book version is by Brian Steidle with his sister, Gretchen Steidle Wallace.
# William Ernest Goodman

William Ernest Goodman (September 29, 1879 – April 26, 1949) was an American cricketer. He was born in Pennsylvania, USA. His brother Samuel was also a notable American cricketer. William Goodman died in Philadelphia in 1949.

## Career

Goodman made his debut for the United States national cricket team in August 1899, playing against Canada in Rosedale, Toronto. The following month, he played for Philadelphia against All New York on Staten Island.
In October 1899, he played his only first-class match for Philadelphia against KS Ranjitsinhji's XI. He played one more time for the US national side against Canada the following September, and later played for the Straits Settlements against the Federated Malay States in August 1909.
# Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited

Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited (TAMIN) (Tamil: தமிழ் நாடு கனிம நிறுவனம் (டாமின்)) is a state-government undertaking of Government of Tamil Nadu located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the authority and contractor of granite and stone quarries in Tamil Nadu. TAMIN received the national e-governance award for developing Quarry Management System (QMS) at the 18th national e-governance conference held at Gandhi Nagar in Gujarat 2015.

## TAMIN operation

* Granite Processing Factories at Manali (near Chennai) and Madhepalli (near Krishnagiri)
* Graphite Mines & Beneficiation Plant Around Sivagangai
* Mining and processing Vermiculite, a non-metallic versatile mineral at Sevathur Village, Thirupathur Taluk, Vellore District

## Records in Sales

Highest ever sales from the inception in the year 1979 of the company has been achieved in Black Granite Rs.91.07 Crores, Limestone Rs.28.62 Crores, Graphite Flakes Rs.28.35 Crores, Indian Standard Sand Rs.6.13 Crores and Exfoliated Vermiculite Rs.1.82 crores during 2013-14.
# East Iceland Current

The East Iceland Current (EIC) is a cold water ocean current that forms east of Greenland at 72°N, 11°W as a branch of the East Greenland Current that merges with the Irminger Current flowing southward until it meets the northeast part of Iceland. It quickly rotates in a counterclockwise direction and flows eastward along the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge before turning north and flowing into the Norwegian Sea. The EIC flows at an average rate of 6 centimeters per second, with a maximum velocity of 10 centimeters per second occurring as the current turns eastward.

## The Iceland-Faeroe Front

As the current moves south ward along the eastern edge of Iceland, the minimally dense EIC comes into contact with dense, northward moving Atlantic water. When they collide, their different densities prevent them from mixing, so they move eastward along the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge which connects both island masses. The Ridge further prevents mixing of the water masses due to it being within 500 meters of the surface at its lowest point, and producing the Iceland-Faeroe Front. A subsurface profile shows that the front is located almost directly on top of the ridge and does not move large distances. The ridge is quite jagged and irregular, causing the current have small extrusions that follow the bathymetry of the sea floor into the Atlantic water. These extrusions are most pronounced within 100 meters of the surface but can be tracked down to 400 meters. Once the EIC begins to move northward, the front will stay at the western edge of it, assuring there is no mixing of the Arctic and Atlantic waters. The front may move eastward and westward, depending on the volume of water that the EIC contains at the time.

## Sea Surface Ice

Ice formation in the EIC is highly dependent on the salinity of the water that flows into it. The water that flows southward is fresh and very cold (typically 1 °C - 3 °C), while northward flowing water from the Atlantic is warmer(4 °C - 11 °C) and saltier. Ice will only form at the top layers of the EIC if the salinity is at most 34.7 psu. This causes the water to not be very dense, and will freeze more readily. If the salinity is above 34.8 psu, the water will be too dense to freeze.