OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sicyos macrophyllus

Sicyos macrophyllus is a rare species of flowering plant in the Cucurbitaceae, the squash family. It is endemic to Hawaii where it is present only on the island of Hawaii. It has likely been extirpated from the island of Maui. Common names include alpine bur cucumber, largeleaf bur-cucumber, and 'anunu.
This is a perennial herb producing vines up to 15 meters long and 4 centimeters thick. They are supported with tendrils. The stems are slightly hairy and have black spots. The leaves are lobed. They are hairless on the upper surface and hairy underneath. The flowers are greenish yellow and the fruit is round.
This plant can be found on the island of Hawaii at elevations between 1200 and 2000 meters. It lives in wet ʻōhiʻa lehua-dominated forest and subalpine forests dominated by māmane and naio. It occurs in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
There are approximately 24 to 26 individuals of this species in existence. It is not a federally listed endangered or threatened species, but the United States government made it a candidate for protection in 1990. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service considers the plant "highly threatened" and the threats are considered "imminent". However, it does not consider emergency listing necessary as of 2010.
Habitat destruction is a main cause of the species' decline. Feral pigs, sheep, and cattle destroy native plants and cause erosion of the hilly habitat. They are also vectors for the seeds of introduced species of plants, including several types of noxious weed. Cattle will also consume S. macrophyllus directly.
Another threat to the species is competition from alien plant species. The worst offenders are fountain grass, kikuyu grass, and German ivy. Alien species smother other vegetation, compete for resources, pose a fire hazard, and prevent the establishment of other species' seedlings. Some even release allelopathic chemicals that prevent other plants from growing.
The National Park Service is attempting to prevent the extinction of this species. It has erected fences around some of the few individuals that survive today. It also tries to control invasive plants. The National Tropical Botanical Garden has some seed samples.
# Great Recoinage of 1696

The Great Recoinage of 1696 was an attempt by the English Government under King William III to replace the hammered silver that made up most of the coinage in circulation, much of it being clipped and badly worn.

## History

Sterling was in disarray in the late 17th century. Hand struck silver coins from prior to 1662 had been clipped around the edges and thus their value (weight) reduced so that they were no longer a viable tender, especially abroad. Since the machine-struck silver coins produced by the Royal Mint in the Tower of London after 1662 were protected from clipping by an engraved, decorated and milled edge, they were instead forged, both by casting from counterfeit moulds and by die stamping from counterfeit dies.
By 1696 forged coins constituted approximately 10% of the nation's currency. The currency also had a third problem: its value as silver bullion in Paris and Amsterdam was greater than the face value in London, and thus vast quantities of coins were melted and shipped abroad — an arbitrage market. New Acts of Parliament were passed in order to create the Bank of England and protect national monetary security. The situation caused William Lowndes of the Treasury to ask the warden of the Royal Mint, Isaac Newton, for help.
Branch mints were established at Bristol, Chester, Exeter, Norwich, and York to assist with the work of recoinage. Between 1696 and 1700 the value of silver struck was £5,106,019 (£691 million in 2015) compared to £3,302,193 (£413 million in 2015) coined in the preceding 35 years.
Old coin was taken back by weight rather than face value. On 10 June 1696 a Proclamation was issued,
   requiring all Receivers and Collectors of the Publick Taxes to take hammer'd Silver Money at five shillings and eight Pence an Ounce.

## Financial results

The recoinage was not a financial success. Production tailed off by 1698. It had proved impossible to maintain a system based on gold and silver because of the variation in the bullion value of each metal. In practice this usually meant that silver was worth more melted down into bullion.
England eventually committed itself to a gold standard. The only way to maintain silver as coin was to reduce the silver content so that the coin's nominal value was more than that of the bullion of the same weight. This did not happen until the Great Recoinage of 1816.
# Phlegmariurus nutans

Phlegmariurus nutans, synonym Huperzia nutans, known as wawaeʻiole or nodding clubmoss, is a species of club moss in the family Lycopodiaceae. It is endemic to wet forests and cliffside shrublands on the islands of Oahu and Kauai in Hawaii. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Abdul Qadir Nuristani

Abdul Qadir Nuristani (Persian: عبدالقادر نورستان; 7 July 1936 – 29 April 1978) was an Afghan politician and police chief who served as Afghanistan's interior minister during the presidency of Mohammad Daoud Khan.
Nuristani had previously served as Chief of Police noted for his strict adherence to his principles and beliefs. He replaced minister Faiz Mohammad, a purged PDPA member, in September 1975.
During his tenure as interior minister, Nuristani served as a close advisor to Daoud Khan and played a key role in shaping the country's economic and political policies. He worked to improve relations with other countries and to attract foreign investment to Afghanistan. In addition to his work in industry and politics, Nuristani was also known for his efforts to promote education and development in Afghanistan. He worked to improve access to education, particularly for girls and women, and to support economic development in the country. Despite their efforts, Nuristani and Daoud Khan faced significant challenges in their efforts to stabilize Afghanistan.
Despite the challenges of the time, Nuristani's role in Daoud Khan's government in the 1970s had a lasting impact on Afghanistan. His efforts to promote education and development laid the foundation for the country's future progress, and he remains an important figure in Afghan history.
Nuristani was assassinated on 29 April 1978 in the Saur Revolution, being accused of the assassination of Mir Akbar Khyber beforehand.
# Laodonglu station (Xi'an Metro)

Laodong Lu station (Chinese: 劳动路站), is a station of Line 1 of the Xi'an Metro. It started operations on 15 September 2013.
# John L. Washburn

John L. Washburn is the Convener for the American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (AMICC) and Co-Chair of the Washington Working Group on the International Criminal Court (WICC). In addition, Washburn is an Adjunct Research Scholar for the International Criminal Court Program at the Columbia University Institute for the Study of Human Rights.

## Education

Washburn is a graduate of Harvard College (1959) and the Harvard Law School (1962). He is a Member of the Bar of the District of Columbia, and of the bars of the District Court and Circuit Court of Appeals in that jurisdiction.

## Previous Positions

Washburn was a member of the United States Foreign Service from 1963 to 1987. During that period, John was Night Shift Chairman of the Iran Hostage Task Force in 1979. For this he received a special commendation from the Secretary of State for his service. He was also awarded the State Department’s Meritorious Honor Award and Superior Honor Award. During 1977-1978, John was a Congressional Fellow of the American Political Science Association, and served as a senior staff member for Senator William Proxmire of Wisconsin and for Congressman John Cavanaugh of Nebraska. Washburn conceived, helped to establish and was Deputy Director of an office within the Bureau of International Organization Affairs that furthered the coordination of American bilateral and multilateral diplomacy. From 1985-1987, he was a member of the Policy Planning Staff within the State Department.
From January 1988 to April 1993, John was a director in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations under Javier Pérez de Cuéllar and Boutros Boutros-Ghali.
Thereafter, Washburn served as a director in the United Nations Department of Political Affairs until March 1994.
Washburn is currently serving as Director and Convener for the American Non-governmental Organizations Coalition on the International Criminal Court (AMICC), Co-Chair of the Washington Working Group on the International Criminal Court (WICC), and director of the activities of the United Nations Association of the USA (UNA-USA) concerned with the International Criminal Court. He serves on the board of the Global Justice Center, an international human rights law organization based in New York City.
He is a member of the Crimes Against Humanity Initiative Advisory Council, a project of the Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute at Washington University School of Law in St. Louis to establish the world’s first treaty on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity.
# Tony Cousineau

Anthony "Tony" Cousineau is an American professional poker player from Daytona Beach, Florida who has cashed over 100 times at the World Series of Poker (WSOP).
As of 2024, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,900,000. His 72 cashes at the WSOP account for over $1,000,000 of those winnings.
# Robert McCrindle

Sir Robert Arthur McCrindle (19 September 1929 – 8 October 1998) was a Scottish Conservative Party politician. He was Member of Parliament for Billericay from 1970 to 1974 and Brentwood and Ongar from 1974 to 1992 (following boundary changes).

## Personal life

Born in Glasgow, McCrindle was educated at Allan Glen's School. Sir Robert served in the Royal Air Force from 1947 to 1949 and spent nearly 2 years at RAF Changi, Singapore at the time of the Malaya emergency. In 1953 he married Myra Anderson with whom he had two sons, Alan and Raymond.

## Electoral history

McCrindle first contested Dundee East in the 1959 general election. He moved from Scotland to Essex in 1964, when he was defeated at Thurrock, and was elected for Billericay in 1970, serving until it was merged into the Basildon constituency in February 1974.
He was then returned for the new Brentwood and Ongar constituency, which re-elected him until his retirement at the 1992 general election, when he was succeeded by Eric Pickles.

## Parliamentary career

McCrindle was pro-European and to the left of centre on social policy issues. He was a regular rebel on such issues as the uprating of child benefit and NHS charges. Despite this he was a loyal Tory, and Margaret Thatcher arranged for him to be knighted in 1990, shortly before she left office. For seven days he was a Parliamentary Private Secretary to Mark Carlisle, a Home Office minister in the last days of the Heath government of 1974, but otherwise spent his career as a back-bencher.
An insurance broker by trade, McCrindle was an associate of the Chartered Insurance Institute and a parliamentary consultant to the insurance industry, and had a keen interest in pensions reform. He held a wide range of business interests, including a directorship of the Hogg Robinson travel agency. He also held a number of travel-related consultancies including British Caledonian and Trust House Forte, and was parliamentary adviser to the British Transport Police Federation.
As the chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Aviation Committee from 1980 to 1992, McCrindle was involved in the aftermath of the Lockerbie disaster appearing on radio and television explaining what he believed should be done to improve the security of airlines after the bombing. He was also the first chairman of All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Insurance and Financial Services, and a public affairs consultant to the Federation of Tour Operators from 1994 to 1998.

## Retirement

In his retirement, McCrindle produced a magazine, Interface, on politics for small businesses and continued to be a regular contributor as the City correspondent for Westminster's The House Magazine until the week before his death in 1998 aged 69.
# Chanson de l'Oignon

The Chanson de l'Oignon (French pronunciation:; "Song of the Onion") is a French marching song from around 1800 but the melody can be found earlier in Ettiene Nicolas Mehul’s overture to La chasse de Juene Henri in 1797.
According to legend, it originated among the Old Guard Grenadiers of Napoleon Bonaparte's Consular Guard. Before the Battle of Marengo, Bonaparte found some grenadiers rubbing an onion on their bread. "Very good," he said, "there is nothing better than an onion for marching on the road to glory."

## Music

The verses of the Chanson de l'Oignon are in 6/8, while the refrain is in 2/4. This has the effect of rendering the verses more lyrical and the refrain more military, though both remain the same tempo as befits a marching song.

## In popular culture

* The refrain was borrowed for the children's song "J'ai perdu le do de ma clarinette" ("I've lost the C on my clarinet"), and for the Swedish song "Små grodorna" ("The Little Frogs").
* An arrangement of "Chanson de l'Oignon" by Shirō Hamaguchi is featured in Girls und Panzer das Finale as the song for the French-based school BC Freedom Academy.
# Plas Teg

Plas Teg is a Grade I listed Jacobean house in Wales. It is near the village of Pontblyddyn in Flintshire, between Wrexham and Mold. It is considered to be one of the finest examples of Jacobean architecture in Wales, and the finest in North Wales.

## History

The house was built by Sir John Trevor I, a prominent courtier of King James I, in about 1610. Sir John died in 1629 and his wife in 1643, leaving the house unoccupied as the English Civil War broke out. It was twice raided by the Roundheads, but continued to be passed down to Trevor descendants until the early 20th century. During the Second World War the house was requisitioned by the War Office to billet soldiers. In 1945, it was sold to an auctioneers company, which used it for storage.
By the early 1950s, Plas Teg was in a state of advanced decay and under threat of demolition. Following a public outcry, the derelict house received a Grade I listing from Cadw, protecting it from demolition. A Trevor descendant, Patrick Trevor-Roper, purchased the house and partially restored it with funds from the Historic Buildings Council. He then leased out the house until 1977, when Mr and Mrs William Llewelyn bought the house. The couple only used parts of the ground floor but the rest of the house became little more than a ruin.

### Current ownership

In 1986 Cornelia Bayley acquired Plas Teg for £75,000. She carried out a series of works at a cost of £400,000, £199,000 of which was funded by Cadw. Ten months after purchase the house was opened to the public. It remains Bayley's private residence. Plas Teg in 2022 closed to the public pending repairs.
The county of Flintshire is said to be a land of spirits and hauntings. One notable case is that of the grey lady, described as the most popular of such entities in North East Wales. The old woman is reported to have been seen moving across the A541 adjacent to Plas Teg into the path of traffic.
The courtyard entrance, walled garden, shrubberies and avenue are listed as Grade II in the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

## In media

Ghosthunting With... Girls Aloud was filmed at Plas Teg in 2006. In 2010 Plas Teg featured on Country House Rescue, in 2015 in Obsessive Compulsive Cleaners, and in 2019 Hidden Wales with Will Millard.
# Punatitan

Punatitan (meaning "puna giant") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation of La Rioja, Argentina. It contains one species, Punatitan coughlini.

## Etymology

The generic name Punatitan refers to the oxygen-depleted atmosphere characteristic of the Andes. The specific name refers to geologist Tim Coughlin, who first reported dinosaur fossils in the discovery locality.

## Description

Known from the holotype CRILAR-Pv 614 (Paleovertebrate Collection of Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja, Argentina), a partial skeleton composed of the anterior portion of posterior cervical vertebra (likely C12), two middle dorsal vertebrae (likely D6–D7), a partial sacrum, 13 articulated caudal vertebrae (some with articulated haemal arches), the right pubis, the left ischium, and several dorsal ribs, Punatitan was roughly 14 metres (46 ft) long.

## Classification

The describers' phylogenetic analysis places Punatitan as a derived member of the Lithostrotia, in the clade Aeolosaurini, which they recover as a subclade of Rinconsauria, opposite to other analyses. Notably, Punatitan was recovered within a clade consisting of two species of the genus Aeolosaurus, but the describers refrained from assigning it to said genus, instead regarding the more basal species' ("A." maximus) placement in Aeolosaurus dubious. However, with the reassignment of "Aeolosaurus" maximus to the genus Arrudatitan in 2021, Punatitan's generic separation could be justified.
Their cladogram is shown below:

## Paleoenvironment

The holotype locality, the Quebrada de Santo Domingo site, preserves one of the largest concentrations of titanosaur eggs in the world. The describing authors suggest some connection with either Punatitan or its contemporary Bravasaurus, which was described in the same paper.
# Møllehøj

Møllehøj (Danish:) is the highest natural point in Metropolitan Denmark at 170.86 m (560.6 ft).

## Geography

Møllehøj is in the Ejerbjerge hills in Skanderborg municipality, very close to Ejer Bavnehøj. The summit is marked with a millstone, a remnant of Ejer mill which was situated on the hill from 1838 to 1917. The mill had eight sides and had an onion-shaped roof.
New measurements made in February 2005 showed that Møllehøj was higher than both Yding Skovhøj (172.66 m including a Bronze Age burial mound on its summit, 170.77 m without) in Horsens municipality and Ejer Bavnehøj, which had both been thought higher. These two high points' natural heights are, however, respectively 9 and 51 cm lower than Møllehøj. It was officially recognised as Denmark's highest point in 2005.
The place is located on private land next to a farm, but it has been made open for public visits. Parking should be made at Ejer Bavnehøj, 300 meters away.
# Rocasaurus

Rocasaurus (meaning "General Roca lizard") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod that lived in South America. Rocasaurus was discovered in Argentina in 2000, within the Allen Formation which is dated to be middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian in age (75 to 70 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous). This genus grew up to 8 metres (26 ft) long, making it one of the smaller sauropods. It seems to be closely related to saltasaurid dinosaurs, like Saltasaurus and Neuquensaurus.
The type species, Rocasaurus muniozi, was formally described by Leonardo Salgado and Azpilicueta in 2000. New specimens were described in 2021.

## Discovery and naming

Between 1989 and 1994, expeditions of the National University of Comahue and the Carlos Ameghino Provincial Museum collected titanosaur fossils from the locality of Salitral Moreno, 25 km south of the city of General Roca in Río Negro Province, Argentina. In 2000, Leonardo Salgado and Claudia Azpilicueta described some of these remains as representing a new genus and species, Rocasaurus muniozi. The genus name refers to its discovery near General Roca and the species name honors Juan Carlos Muñoz, director of paleontology at the Carlos Ameghino Provincial Museum, for his support of paleontological research in the region.

### Fossil record

The holotype of Rocasaurus muniozi, MPCA-Pv 46, is a partial skeleton of a juvenile individual including partial cervical vertebrae, partial dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, both ilia, ischia, and pubes, and the left femur. Other elements of R. muniozi found at Salitral Moreno include three cervical vertebrae and several caudal vertebrae. Additional remains of R. muniozi are known from another locality, Salitral Ojo del Agua, and include partial cervical vertebrae, a partial dorsal vertebra, and a fragmentary ischium.

## Phylogeny

Rocasaurus in a cladogram after Navarro et al., 2022:
# Sarata Raion

Sarata Raion (Ukrainian: Саратський район) was a raion (district) in Odesa Oblast of Ukraine. It was part of the historical region of Bessarabia. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Sarata. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Sarata Raion was merged into Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 44,171 (2020 est.). According to the 2001 census, the population was composed of speakers of Ukrainian (41.29%), Russian (21.42%), Bulgarian (19.13%) and Romanian (17.65%). Sarata raion, within its boundaries at that time, had in 2001 49,907 inhabitants, of which 43.92% were ethnic Ukrainians, 15.86% ethnic Russians, 18.91% Moldovans, 20.01% ethnic Bulgarians, 0.34% ethnic Gagauz and 0.04% Romanians.
At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of five hromadas:
* Kulevcha rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Kulevcha;
* Petropavlivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Petropavlivka;
* Plakhtiivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Plakhtiivka;
* Sarata settlement hromada with the administration in Sarata;
* Uspenivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Uspenivka.
# Dead Souls (2012 film)

Dead Souls is a 2012 film directed by Colin Theys, based on the novel of the same name by Michael Laimo.

## Synopsis

On his 18th birthday Johnny is surprised to discover that he was adopted, and that he has inherited his birth family's farm in Maine. He decides to accept this inheritance and travels to the farm, where he finds that the house has been abandoned and that a squatter named Emma has been living there. Johnny also learns that his entire birth family was killed in the house and that it contains secrets that put his very life in danger.

## Cast

* Jesse James as Johnny Petrie
* Magda Apanowicz as Emma
* Bill Moseley as Sheriff Depford
* Geraldine Hughes as Mary Petrie
* Noah Fleiss as Mack
* Jaiden Kaine as Andrew Judson
* J.H. Torrance Downes as Benjamin Conroy
* Elizabeth Irene as Faith Conroy
* Kyle Donnery as Daniel Conroy
* Bridget Megan Clark as Elizabeth Conroy

## Production

Michael Laimo first published his book Dead Souls in 2007 through Leisure Books. The novel was optioned for film and John Doolan was brought on to adapt the novel into a screenplay. Colin Theys was confirmed as director and actors Jesse James, Bill Moseley, and Magda Apanowicz were named as its stars. Filming took place in Canterbury, Connecticut during April 2012. To prepare for his role Moseley read both the script and Laimo's novel, which he enjoyed. Brian Spears handled the film's special effects; he stated that his main priority for the film were the movie's ghosts, which were "the reason I took the job".

## Release

Dead Souls premiered on Chiller on October 12, 2012, followed by a release on home video through Scream Factory on June 25, 2013.

## Reception

Critical reception for the film was predominantly negative. Common criticism for Dead Souls focused on the characters and script. HorrorNews.net panned the film, writing that it was "one of the more inept ghost stories to come along in quite a spell, compliments of Chiller TV. At least SyFy knows how to polish a turd." Common praise centered on Moseley.