OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wheelchair fencing at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Wheelchair fencing at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held in the ExCeL from 4 September to 8 September 2012.

## Classification

Fencers were given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows fencers to compete against others with a similar level of function. Fencing has two classes, A and B. Wheelchairs were anchored to the ground during competition.

## Participating nations

105 fencers from 24 nations took part in this sport.
* Argentina (1)
* Austria (1)
* Belarus (5)
* Brazil (1)
* Canada (2)
* China (9)
* France (11)
* Germany (1)
* Great Britain (7)
* Greece (4)
* Hong Kong (8)
* Hungary (8)
* Iraq (1)
* Italy (5)
* Kuwait (1)
* Macau (1)
* Malaysia (1)
* Poland (10)
* Russia (12)
* South Korea (1)
* Spain (1)
* Thailand (1)
* Ukraine (7)
* United States (6)

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 6 | 3 | 1 | 10 |
| 2 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| 3 | Poland (POL) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Thailand (THA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | France (FRA) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 6 | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 8 | Germany (GER) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (10 entries) | Totals (10 entries) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 36 |

## Events

The five event types below were competed for both class A and class B, for a total of ten events.
* Men's épée
* Men's foil
* Men's sabre
* Women's épée
* Women's foil

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Épée A details | Dariusz Pender Poland | Romain Noble France | Matteo Betti Italy |
| Men's Épée B details | Jovane Silva Guissone Brazil | Tam Chik Sum Hong Kong | Alim Latrèche France |
| Men's Foil A details | Ye Ruyi China | Chen Yijun China | Richárd Osváth Hungary |
| Men's Foil B details | Hu Daoliang China | Anton Datsko Ukraine | Alim Latrèche France |
| Men's Sabre A details | Chen Yijun China | Tian Jianquan China | Chan Wing Kin Hong Kong |
| Men's Sabre B details | Grzegorz Pluta Poland | Marc-André Cratère France | Alessio Sarri Italy |
| Men's Team details | China (CHN) Chen Yijun Ye Ruyi Hu Daoliang | France (FRA) Ludovic Lemoine Alim Latrèche Damien Tokatlian | Hong Kong (HKG) Wong Tang Tat Chan Wing Kin Chung Ting Ching |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Women's Épée A details | Yu Chui Yee Hong Kong | Zsuzsanna Krajnyák Hungary | Wu Baili China |
| Women's Épée B details | Saysunee Jana Thailand | Simone Briese-Baetke Germany | Chan Yui Chong Hong Kong |
| Women's Foil A details | Yu Chui Yee Hong Kong | Wu Baili China | Zsuzsanna Krajnyák Hungary |
| Women's Foil B details | Fang Yao China | Gyöngyi Dani Hungary | Marta Makowska Poland |
| Women's Team Open details | China (CHN) Rong Jing Yao Fang Wu Baili | Hungary (HUN) Veronika Juhász Zsuzsanna Krajnyák Gyöngyi Dani | Hong Kong (HKG) Fan Pui Shan Yu Chui Yee Chan Yui Chong |
# Göd

Göd (Hungarian pronunciation:) is a small city in Pest County, Hungary.

## Location

The city is northeast of Budapest.

## Economy

Göd has a thriving tourist trade. It has a thermal spa open almost 365 days a year with water rich in minerals.
Along the M2 motorway Göd is the second town to the north of Budapest, and the first one without large socialist-era housing estates. That is, the green belt around Budapest starts with Göd on the left bank of the Danube.
The Samsung SDI Hungary plant is one of Samsung SDI's trio of advanced Lithium-ion automotive battery production facilities: the others are in Ulsan (Korea) and Xi'an (China). The plant at Göd is not far from the Austria-based battery pack division of Magna Steyr which was acquired by Samsung SDI in 2015 for $120 million. In 2016-2017, the Ulsan plant trained several employees for the Hungary plant. The Ulsan plant had supplied the BMW i3, but the Hungary plant will provide the BMW i3, i5, and X5 with advanced Li-ion batteries.

## Infrastructure

Göd is connected to Budapest (via Dunakeszi, southbound) and to Vác (via Sződliget, northbound) by railway and public roads. On an average weekday, there are buses and trains every 30 minutes to both directions. Vác is 15 minutes by car and by train, and 25 minutes by bus. Budapest Nyugati railway station is 30 minutes by train. Because of these benefits, Göd is sometimes categorized as a dormitory town, but it has a vivid social life: civil organizations, churches, galleries, clubs, a monthly newspaper, that make it different from an average dormitory town.

## Famous people

* Eugene Wigner – physicist, Nobel-prize winner;
* Tivadar Huzella [hu] – biologist, cancer researcher, founder of the Biology Research Centre of Göd;
* Fülöp Beck Ö – sculptor;
* Gabriella Lakatos [hu] – ballet-dancer;
* Kálmán Latabár – actor;
* Mór Kóczán – sportsman, athlete (javelin throw), Olympic bronze medalist, Hungarian champion;
* Zoltán Kammerer – sportsman (kayak), World Champion, European Champion, Olympic Gold winner;
* Colonel Miklós Kiss [hu] – hero of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848;
* Gábor Koncz – actor;
* László Arany – poet (son of János Arany)

## Twin towns – sister cities

Göd is twinned with:
* Marignane, France
* Monthey, Switzerland
* Paleu, Romania
* Yanoshi, Ukraine

## Sport

The local sports and football team is Gödi SE.
# Georg Abraham Schneider

Georg Abraham Schneider (19 April 1770 - 19 January 1839) was a German musician and composer.

## Biography

Schneider was born in Darmstadt, where he originally learnt music as a member of the city's alta cappella. From 1787 he played horn in the court orchestra of the nobel house Hessen-Darmstadt, then from 1795 for the Prussian royal court.
Schneider's compositions and performances focussed on the horn, and owe a stylistic debt to Haydn and Mozart. The invention of the valved horn by Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blühmel was of great interest to Schneider, allowing the instrument to be played chromatically for the first time. In a report for the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung in 1817, Schneider wrote; "Because of its full and strong, yet soft and attractive tone, the Waldhorn is an extremely beautiful instrument; but, as is well known, it has until now been far behind almost all other wind instruments in its development, being very restricted to its natural notes .... Herr Stölzel of Breslau has now completely removed these shortcomings .... He has simply provided his horn with two airtight valves, which are depressed with little effort by two fingers of the right hand, like the keys of the pianoforte, and restored to their previous position by the same two fingers with the help of attached springs; with these it is not only possible but also easy to produce a pure and completely chromatic scale from the lowest to the highest notes with a perfectly even tone. On this horn, therefore, there is no need to change from one key to another, and the same passage can be repeated immediately in a different key; even passages which previously were absolutely impossible to play on the normal horn can now be performed without difficulty." The development of these valves led to the development of the instrument now known as the French horn.
Schneider wrote the first work for valved horn, which was performed publicly in 1818. In 1820 he was promoted to royal director of music, then in 1825 appointed director of the Court Orchestra. In his later life he taught at the Prussian Academy of the Arts.
Schneider's daughter Maschinka married Dresden composer François Schubert, and they had a daughter, singer and composer Georgina Schubert.
He died in Berlin in 1839.

## Discography

* Georg Abraham Schneider: Preußens Hofkapellmeister - Adorján Quartett, Label: Phil.harmonie
* Schneider: Flute Trios - Trio d'argent
* Georg Abraham Schneider: Three Flute Concertos - Gaby Pas-Van Riet (flute), Württemberg Chamber Orchestra Heilbronn; Johannes Moesus - Label: CPO
# Aaron Hawks

Aaron Hawks (born May 12, 1973) is an American multidisciplinary artist, best known for his conceptual fetish photography and installation art.

## Career

Born and raised in Seattle, Hawks lived and worked in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Berlin before relocating to Brooklyn, New York in 2012. Throughout the years his work featured a diverse array of subjects in the "alternative" art scene, including artists Michael Hussar, and Molly Crabapple; alternative models Ulorin Vex, and Darenzia; and pornographic film actors Skin Diamond, Asphyxia Noir, and Emily Addison.
Hawks’ photography has been featured in magazines such as Juxtapoz, and American Photo, and his work published in photography compilations by Taschen, Goliath Books, and Little, Brown and Company. His short art film 'Salt' (2002) was shown at Roxie Theater in San Francisco.
# Alexander Beattie

Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Elder Beattie CMG CBE MC (25 January 1888 – 15 April 1951) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator.
The son of an Army officer, Beattie was born at Stirling Castle and enlisted in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in 1906. Two years later he was commissioned into the Queen's Royal Regiment. He served in India and Aden and was seconded to the Royal West African Frontier Force in 1911, serving in the Nigeria Regiment and as a staff officer. During the First World War he saw active service on the Nigeria-Cameroon frontier and won the Military Cross (MC). He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his war service in the 1920 New Year Honours.
In 1922 he retired from the Army as a Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, joined the Colonial Administrative Service and was appointed an Assistant Secretary in Gibraltar. He then served in the Falkland Islands and Cyprus, and returned to Gibraltar as Colonial Secretary in 1930, holding the post until 1941, when he was appointed Administrator of St Vincent. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1933.
He returned to England in 1944 and was appointed Colonial Office Regional Welfare Officer for Scotland and North-East England until his retirement in 1947. He was temporarily re-employed on special service by the Colonial Office in 1949.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "No. 31712". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1919. p. 6.
# Wheelchair tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Wheelchair tennis events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held between 1 and 9 September at Eton Manor, London.

## Classification

Players were classified according to the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allowed players to compete against others with a similar level of function. To compete in wheelchair tennis, athletes must have a major or total loss of function in one or both legs. Quadriplegic class players compete in mixed events, while Paraplegic class players (with full use of their arms) competed in separate men's and women's events.

## Events

Six events were contested:
* Men's singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's singles
* Women's doubles
* Quad singles
* Quad doubles
    (Quadriplegic class players are not divided by gender)

## Participating nations

112 competitors from 31 nations took part in this sport.
* Argentina (2)
* Australia (4)
* Austria (3)
* Belgium (3)
* Brazil (5)
* Canada (2)
* Chile (4)
* Colombia (3)
* France (5)
* Germany (2)
* Great Britain (10)
* Hungary (1)
* Iran (1)
* Iraq (1)
* Israel (3)
* Italy (4)
* Japan (9)
* Morocco (1)
* Netherlands (8)
* Nigeria (2)
* Poland (4)
* Slovakia (1)
* South Africa (4)
* South Korea (4)
* Spain (4)
* Sri Lanka (2)
* Sweden (4)
* Switzerland (2)
* Thailand (4)
* United States (9)
* Zimbabwe (1)

## Medal summary
### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles details | Shingo Kunieda Japan | Stéphane Houdet France | Ronald Vink Netherlands |
| Men's doubles details | Sweden (SWE) Stefan Olsson Peter Vikström | France (FRA) Frédéric Cattanéo Nicolas Peifer | France (FRA) Stéphane Houdet Michaël Jérémiasz |
| Women's singles details | Esther Vergeer Netherlands | Aniek van Koot Netherlands | Jiske Griffioen Netherlands |
| Women's doubles details | Netherlands (NED) Marjolein Buis Esther Vergeer | Netherlands (NED) Jiske Griffioen Aniek van Koot | Great Britain (GBR) Lucy Shuker Jordanne Whiley |
| Quad singles details | Noam Gershony Israel | David Wagner United States | Nicholas Taylor United States |
| Quad doubles details | United States (USA) Nicholas Taylor David Wagner | Great Britain (GBR) Andrew Lapthorne Peter Norfolk | Israel (ISR) Noam Gershony Shraga Weinberg |
Source: Paralympic.org

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Netherlands (NED) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | United States (USA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Israel (ISR) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | France (FRA) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 7 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |
# Serbia at the 2006 European Athletics Championships

Serbia competed at the 2006 European Athletics Championships held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. 9 athletes represented Serbia, 5 men and 4 women.

## Medals

| Medal | Name | Event | Date |
| Silver | Olivera Jevtić | Women's Marathon | August 12 |

## Participants

| Event | Men | Women |
| 110 m Hurdles | Miroslav Novaković | |
| 1500 m | | Sonja Stolić |
| 20 km walk | Predrag Filipović | |
| 50 km walk | Aleksandar Raković | |
| Marathon | | Olivera Jevtić |
| Shot Put | Milan Jotanović Luka Rujević | |
| Discus Throw | | Dragana Tomašević |
| Pole vault | | Slavica Semenjuk |
# Królówek

Królówek, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasnopol, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
From 1975-1998 the village was administratively governed by the Suwałki Voivodeship.
The faithful of the Roman Catholic Church belong to the parish of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Wigry.
# Shah Abu Nayeem Mominur Rahman

Shah Abu Nayeem Mominur Rahman was a justice on the Appellate Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court. He resigned from the Supreme Court after being twice passed over from promotion.

## Early life

Mominur Rahman completed his undergraduate and graduate studies in physics in 1965 and 1966 respectively. He completed his law degree in 1970 from the University of Dhaka.

## Career

In 1972, Mominur Rahman started with law practice at the Dhaka District Judge's Court.
Mominur Rahman became a lawyer of the High Court Division in 1974.
In 1980, Mominur Rahman became a lawyer of the Appellate Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court.
Mominur Rahman was appointed a Judge of the High Court of Bangladesh in 1996.
In October 2007, Mominur Rahman and Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury issued bail orders for Prime Minister Khaleda Zia. On 22 November 2007, Mominur Rahman and Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury declared seeking the wealth statement of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina by the Anti Corruption Commission to be illegal.
On 27 January 2008, Mominur Rahman and Justice Shahidul Islam issued an order asking the Caretaker Government why it should be directed to hold the stalled national elections. In February 2008, he and Justice Shahidul Islam, declared the proceedings of the case filled by Azam J Chowdhury against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina illegal. On 17 March 2008, the chief justice stripped him of judicial powers.
In 2009, Mominur Rahman was made a judge in the Appellate Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court.
In 2010, Justice A. B. M. Khairul Haque was appointed Chief Justice of Bangladesh despite Mominur Rahman being the most senior judge in the Appellate Division and next in line to become the Chief Justice.
Mominur Rahman was the senior most judge on the justice on the Appellate Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court and was next in line to become the 20th Chief Justice of Bangladesh in 2011. Rather than appoint him Chief Justice, the government of Bangladesh appointed Md. Muzammel Hossain. Mominur Rahman is the younger brother of Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician Hannan Shah and his promotion was twice ignored by the Awami League government. He resigned from the Supreme Court after being ignored for the a promotion for the second time.
# Ilfat Abdullin

Ilfat Rinatovich Abdullin (Ильфат Ринатович Абдуллин, born 9 January 1998) is a Kazakhstani archer. He competed in the men's individual event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Abdullin has Tatar roots.
# Amydrium

Amydrium is a genus of primarily epiphytic, vining flowering plants in the arum and aroid family, Araceae, that is native to Southeast Asia, South China and New Guinea.
Amydrium is distinguished from other members of the tribe Monstereae by having two ovules in each ovary. The seeds tend to be heart shaped. Similar to other aroid genera, the leaves of Amydrium often show fenestration.
* Amydrium hainanense (H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng) H.Li - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan and Vietnam.
* Amydrium humile Schott - Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra.
* Amydrium medium (Zoll. & Moritzi) Nicolson - Borneo, Java, Maluku, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand.
* Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H.Li - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Vietnam.
* Amydrium zippelianum (Schott) Nicolson - Maluku, New Guinea, Philippines and Sulawesi.
# Zaścianek

In Poland, zaścianek (Polish: , literally: "[place] behind the wall") was historically a village where petty nobility (drobna szlachta) lived, especially in Mazovia and Podlachia. The derived adjective zaściankowy means out-of-the-way or narrow-minded.
Former zaściankis include:
* Giełny
* Kołodziszcze, now agrotown
* Rezgiuki
# Switzerland at the 2010 European Athletics Championships

Switzerland was represented by 22 athletes (12 men and 10 women) at the 2010 European Athletics Championships held in Barcelona, Spain, from 27 July to 1 August 2010.

## Participants

| Event | Men | Women |
| 200 m | Marc Schneeberger Alex Wilson | |
| 5000 m | Philipp Bandi | Sabine Fischer |
| 10,000 m | Christian Belz | Martina Strähl |
| 100 m hurdles | | Lisa Urech Clélia Reuse |
| 400 m hurdles | Fausto Santini | |
| Marathon | Viktor Röthlin | Patricia Morceli Maja Neuenschwander |
| High Jump | | Beatrice Lundmark |
| Pole Vault | | Anna Katharina Schmid |
| Long Jump | | Irene Pusterla |
| Triple Jump | Alexander Martínez | |
| Decathlon | Simon Walter | |
| Heptathlon | | Linda Züblin |
| 4 × 100 m relay | Pascal Mancini Aron Beyene Marc Schneeberger Reto Amaru Schenkel Alex Wilson Rolf Malcolm Fongué | |

## Results

| 2010 Barcelona | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# The Locked Heart

The Locked Heart is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Henry King and starring King, Gloria Joy, and Vola Vale.

## Cast

* Gloria Joy as Martha Mason
* Henry King as Harry Mason
* Vola Vale as Ruth Mason
* Daniel Gilfether as Colonel Mason
* Leon Pardue as The Villain
# Czerwony Sztandar (Lviv newspaper)

Czerwony Sztandar (Polish pronunciation:, English: Red Banner) was a Polish language daily newspaper, published by the Soviet occupation authorities in the city of Lwów (Lviv, Ukraine), between 5 October 1939 and June 1941, and then again between 1944 and 1950. Its circulation was 40,000 copies daily and the publication contained Soviet propaganda against the Second Polish Republic, clergy and the defeated Polish state authorities. The editor of the newspaper was Jan Brzoza.
Among writers who published there were Wanda Wasilewska, Julian Stryjkowski, Lucjan Szenwald, Stanisław Jerzy Lec, Władysław Broniewski, Janina Broniewska, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński and Leon Chwistek. In November 1939, a declaration of Polish writers was published in support of the incorporation of the Western Ukraine into Soviet Union.
# Iris sawfly

The iris sawfly (Rhadinoceraea micans) is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. Native to Europe, the larvae—more often noticed than the adults—can occur in large numbers causing damage to garden plants such as the yellow iris or flag, Iris pseudacorus.

## Description
### Adult

The adult sawfly is shiny, black, and hairy. The antennae are thick, and longer than head and thorax combined. The wings are slightly smoky. The head is as wide as the thorax.

### Larva

The larvae, up to 1 inch (25 mm) long, look like caterpillars but have six pairs of prolegs rather than five. The head is shiny black; the body greenish brown, becoming darker with age. There are double rows of white dots around the segments. Larval host plants are all waterside irises, including Iris pseudacorus, Iris ensata, Iris laevigata, Iris spuria and Iris versicolor.

## Life cycle and behaviour

The adult iris sawflies lay their eggs in May on the leaves of irises (especially the yellow flag). The eggs are in large flat placards on iris leaves. The female lays the eggs by inserting her "saw" into the blade of the leaf near the thickened middle, not far from the leaf base. As many as 19 eggs may be inserted into separate cells of a single leaf. The larvae eat the leaves until about July and then crawl into the ground. There, they spin cocoons and pupate. They overwinter as pupae. The adults hatch in May of the following year.
The adults fly reluctantly and may sham death if touched.
The larvae are serious garden pests and can completely defoliate irises, especially the yellow iris, when these are growing by water. Irises on dry ground are however not attacked.

## Distribution

The iris sawfly is endemic to Europe, being found in Britain, France, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Italy, Bulgaria and Romania. It is absent from Spain, Sicily and the Mediterranean islands, Greece, former Yugoslavia and countries east of Poland.
# Gaeltarra Éireann

Gaeltarra Éireann (Irish pronunciation:) was an Irish state industrial development agency set up in 1957 specifically for the Gaeltacht – the Irish-speaking areas of Ireland. Gaeltarra Éireann followed on from the dedicated government department that had been initiated to coordinate Gaeltacht affairs when the new boundaries were drawn up for the reduced size Gaeltacht in 1956.
Gaeltarra Éireann was replaced in 1980 by the newly formed agency Údarás na Gaeltachta.

## History

Gaeltarra's approach to the task at hand was centered on the belief that there had to be some sort of an urban focus in the Gaeltacht, something that would attract inward industrial investment and keep young people in the area. It created two major industrial estates, one at Derrybeg in northwestern County Donegal, and another around Spiddal in southwestern County Galway. Initially, this was controversial, as Crolly, County Donegal and Toormakeady, County Mayo already had successful industries, and were established economic bases. Gaeltarra Éireann stated that it picked these two locations as they were, according to the census, the strongest districts linguistically (in terms of Irish), and they sought to "raise the flag" as it were and possibly encourage other people in slightly weaker Gaeltacht areas to continue to speak the language. In terms of creating jobs these schemes were relatively successful. They attracted business into small rural communities on the western fringes of Europe, in areas that had previously been suffering from a long-term economic decline and depopulation.
However, it is now viewed that despite all this Gaeltarra Éireann failed in perhaps its most fundamental objective - to safeguard the use of the Irish language as the main community language in the Gaeltacht.
# Michał Bartkowiak

Michał Bartkowiak (born 3 February 1997) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a right winger.

## Career

Bartkowiak started his career with Górnik Wałbrzych.

## Honours

Miedź Legnica
* I liga: 2017–18
Śląsk Wrocław II
* IV liga Lower Silesia East: 2018–19
Górnik Wałbrzych
* Regional league Wałbrzych: 2021–22
* Klasa A Wałbrzych I: 2020–21