# Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities

The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities (NTU Rankings) is a ranking of world universities compiled by National Taiwan University annually since 2012.
This publication ranks world universities by a certain criteria of scientific paper volume, impact, and performance output. The ranking was originally published from 2007 to 2011 by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan and has been published since 2012 by the National Taiwan University. It uses bibliometric methods to analyze and rank the scientific paper performance. In addition to the overall ranking, it includes a list of the top universities in six fields and fourteen subjects.
The rankings were introduced in 2007. The original ranking methodology favored toward universities with medical schools. In 2008, HEEACT began publishing a "Field Based Ranking" including six fields: agriculture and environmental sciences (AGE), clinical medicine (MED), engineering, computing, and technology (ENG), life sciences (LIFE), natural sciences (SCI), and social sciences (SOC).
In 2010, HEEACT began publishing subject rankings in fields of various field of science and technology. Science fields are divided into physics, chemistry, mathematics, and geosciences. Technology fields are split up into electrical engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering (including energy and fuels), materials science, and civil engineering (including environmental engineering).
HEEACT ended the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities Project in 2012. Due to disagreement about ranking results, the Taiwanese education authorities announced that the government would no longer support the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan to do this ranking.

## Methodology

The HEEACT rankings used the following criteria:
* Research productivity (weighed 20%)—The number of published articles of the last 11 years (10%) and the number of articles of the current year (10%).
* Research impact (weighed 30%)—Number of citations of the last 11 years (10%), the number of citations of the last two years (10%), and the average number of citations of the last 11 years (10%).
* Research excellence (weighed 40%)—The h-index of the last two years (20%), the number of highly cited papers (15%), and the number of articles of the current year in high-impact journals (15%).
Quantitative data were drawn from Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). The data were normalized by faculty number to account for different institution sizes. The indicators used in this methodology highly emphasized research quality (80% of the performance score) and short-term research performance (55% of the score).
The current NTU rankings use the following criteria:
* Research productivity (weighed 25%)—The number of published articles of the last 11 years (10%) and the number of articles of the current year (15%).
* Research impact (weighed 35%)—Number of citations of the last 11 years (15%), the number of citations of the last two years (10%), and the average number of citations of the last 11 years (10%).
* Research excellence (weighed 40%)—The h-index of the last two years (10%), the number of highly cited papers (15%), and the number of articles of the current year in high-impact journals (15%).

## HEEACT World University Rankings (Top 50)

| 2024 | 2020 | 2010 | Institution | Country |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | Harvard University | United States |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | Stanford University | United States |
| 3 | 5 | 17 | University College London | United Kingdom |
| 4 | 3 | 9 | University of Toronto | Canada |
| 5 | 6 | 10 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 6 | 4 | 3 | Johns Hopkins University | United States |
| 7 | 17 | 114 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 8 | 30 | 145 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 9 | 11 | 16 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 10 | 8 | 7 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | United States |
| 11 | 8 | 4 | University of Washington | United States |
| 12 | 25 | 183 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | China |
| 13 | 9 | 8 | University of Michigan | United States |
| 14 | 14 | 21 | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |
| 15 | 42 | | Paris Cité University | France |
| 16 | 10 | 11 | University of Pennsylvania | United States |
| 17 | 13 | 13 | Columbia University | United States |
| 18 | 29 | 124 | Peking University | China |
| 19 | 12 | 5 | University of California, Los Angeles | United States |
| 20 | 19 | 18 | Yale University | United States |
| 21 | 38 | 84 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 22 | 18 | 12 | University of California, San Diego | United States |
| 23 | 15 | 15 | University of California, San Francisco | United States |
| 24 | 23 | 43 | University of Melbourne | Australia |
| 25 | 21 | 57 | ETH Zurich | Switzerland |
| 26 | 28 | 22 | Cornell University | United States |
| 27 | 31 | 69 | University of Sydney | Australia |
| 28 | 22 | 53 | University of Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 29 | 63 | 64 | University of Amsterdam | Netherlands |
| 30 | 16 | 6 | University of California, Berkeley | United States |
| 31 | | | Paris-Saclay University | France |
| 32 | 56 | 332 | Sun Yat-sen University | China |
| 33 | 45 | 130 | Monash University | Australia |
| 34 | 20 | 19 | Duke University | United States |
| 35 | 26 | | Sorbonne University | France |
| 36 | 27 | 27 | Northwestern University | United States |
| 37 | 33 | 32 | University of British Columbia | Canada |
| 38 | 67 | 473 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology | China |
| 39 | 62 | 230 | Fudan University | China |
| 40 | 39 | 95 | University of Queensland | Australia |
| 41 | 51 | 145 | University of New South Wales | Australia |
| 42 | 40 | 46 | Mayo Clinic College of Medicine | United States |
| 43 | 44 | 55 | King's College London | United Kingdom |
| 44 | 59 | 204 | University of Science and Technology of China | China |
| 45 | 32 | 25 | Washington University in St. Louis | United States |
| 46 | 37 | 14 | University of Tokyo | Japan |
| 47 | 68 | 77 | KU Leuven | Belgium |
| 48 | 34 | 23 | University of Pittsburgh | United States |
| 49 | 53 | 243 | Nanyang Technological University | Singapore |
| 50 | 88 | 565 | Central South University | China |

## HEEACT World University Rankings (Top 20 by field)
### Agriculture

| 2024 | University | Country |
| 01 | Wageningen University | Netherlands |
| 02 | China Agricultural University | China |
| 03 | ETH Zurich | Switzerland |
| 04 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 05 | Northwest A&F University | China |
| 06 | University of Queensland | Australia |
| 07 | University of California- Davis | US |
| 08 | University of Florida | US |
| 09 | University of São Paulo | Brazil |
| 10 | Cornell University | US |
| 11 | Nanjing Agricultural University | China |
| 12 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 13 | University of Montpellier | France |
| 14 | Ghent University | Belgium |
| 15 | University of Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 16 | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences | Sweden |
| 17 | The University of British Columbia | Canada |
| 18 | Peking University | China |
| 19 | University of Western Australia | Australia |
| 20 | University of California- Berkeley | US |

### Clinical Medicine

| 2024 | University | Country |
| 01 | Harvard University | US |
| 02 | University of Toronto | Canada |
| 03 | Johns Hopkins University | US |
| 04 | University College London | United Kingdom |
| 05 | University of Pennsylvania | US |
| 06 | Mayo Clinic College of Medicine | US |
| 07 | University of California- San Francisco | US |
| 08 | Stanford University | US |
| 09 | Paris Cité University | France |
| 10 | University of Washington- Seattle | US |
| 11 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 12 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 13 | University of Amsterdam | Netherlands |
| 14 | Yale University | US |
| 15 | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |
| 16 | Duke University | US |
| 17 | King's College London | United Kingdom |
| 18 | Columbia University | US |
| 19 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 20 | Karolinska Institutet | Sweden |

### Engineering

| 2024 | University | Country |
| 01 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 02 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 03 | Harbin Institute of Technology | China |
| 04 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | China |
| 05 | Nanyang Technological University | Singapore |
| 06 | Xi'an Jiaotong University | China |
| 07 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology | China |
| 08 | University of Science and Technology of China | China |
| 09 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 10 | Tianjin University | China |
| 11 | Southeast University | China |
| 12 | Central South University | China |
| 13 | South China University of Technology | China |
| 14 | Northwestern Polytechnical University | China |
| 15 | Chongqing University | China |
| 16 | Tongji University | China |
| 17 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 18 | Beijing Institute of Technology | China |
| 19 | Stanford University | US |
| 20 | Beijing Institute of Technology | China |

### Life Sciences

| 2024 | University | Country |
| 01 | Harvard University | US |
| 02 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 03 | Stanford University | US |
| 04 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 05 | University College London | United Kingdom |
| 06 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 07 | University of California- San Francisco | US |
| 08 | Johns Hopkins University | US |
| 09 | University of Pennsylvania | US |
| 10 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 11 | University of California, San Diego | US |
| 12 | University of Toronto | Canada |
| 13 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | China |
| 14 | Paris Cité University | France |
| 15 | Fudan University | China |
| 16 | University of Washington, Seattle | US |
| 17 | University of Copenhagen | Denmark |
| 18 | Sun Yat-sen University | China |
| 19 | Yale University | US |
| 20 | Cornell University | US |

### Natural Sciences

| 2024 | University | Country |
| 01 | ETH Zurich | Switzerland |
| 02 | Harvard University | US |
| 03 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 04 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 05 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 06 | Stanford University | US |
| 07 | Paris-Saclay University | France |
| 08 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 09 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 10 | Sorbonne University | France |
| 11 | University of Science and Technology of China | China |
| 12 | The University of Tokyo | Japan |
| 13 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 14 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 15 | Peking University | China |
| 16 | University College London | United Kingdom |
| 17 | Paris Cité University | France |
| 18 | Paris Sciences et Lettres University | France |
| 19 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 20 | Nanyang Technological University | Singapore |

### Social Sciences

| 2024 | University | Country |
| 01 | Harvard University | US |
| 02 | University College London | United Kingdom |
| 03 | University of Toronto | Canada |
| 04 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 05 | Stanford University | US |
| 06 | Columbia University | US |
| 07 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 08 | Johns Hopkins University | US |
| 09 | Monash University | Australia |
| 10 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 11 | University of Washington- Seattle | US |
| 12 | University of Amsterdam | Netherlands |
| 13 | University of Sydney | Australia |
| 14 | University of Melbourne | Australia |
| 15 | University of Pennsylvania | US |
| 16 | University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill | US |
| 17 | Yale University | US |
| 18 | University of Queensland | Australia |
| 19 | University of California - Berkeley | US |
| 20 | University of British Columbia | Canada |

## HEEACT World University Rankings (Top 20 by subject)
### Physics (includes Astronomy and Space Science)

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 02 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 03 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 04 | The University of Tokyo | Japan |
| 05 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 06 | Princeton University | US |
| 07 | Stanford University | US |
| 08 | Harvard University | US |
| 09 | Pennsylvania State University- University Park | US |
| 10 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 11 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 12 | Johns Hopkins University | US |
| 13 | University of California- Santa Barbara | US |
| 14 | University of Maryland- College Park | US |
| 15 | University of Paris XI: Sud | France |
| 16 | The University of Chicago | US |
| 17 | The University of Chicago | US |
| 18 | Tohoku University | Japan |
| 19 | University of Arizona | US |
| 20 | Cornell University | US |

### Chemistry

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 02 | The University of Tokyo | Japan |
| 03 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 04 | Kyoto University | Japan |
| 05 | Northwestern University | US |
| 06 | Harvard University | US |
| 07 | Osaka University | Japan |
| 08 | Stanford University | US |
| 09 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 10 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich | Switzerland |
| 11 | Tohoku University | Japan |
| 12 | University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign | US |
| 13 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 14 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 15 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Lausanne | Switzerland |
| 16 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 17 | Peking University | China |
| 18 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 19 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 20 | Seoul National University | South Korea |

### Mathematics

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | Stanford University | US |
| 02 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 03 | Harvard University | US |
| 04 | Princeton University | US |
| 05 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 06 | University of Minnesota- Twin Cities | US |
| 07 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 08 | University of Washington- Seattle | US |
| 09 | University of Paris VI: Pierre et Marie Curie | France |
| 10 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 11 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 12 | University of Wisconsin- Madison | US |
| 13 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |
| 14 | Lomonosov Moscow State University | Russia |
| 15 | The University of Chicago | US |
| 16 | University of Paris XI: Sud | France |
| 17 | New York University | US |
| 18 | Texas A&M University- College Station | US |
| 19 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 20 | Columbia University | US |

### Geosciences

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | University of Colorado- Boulder | US |
| 02 | University of Washington- Seattle | US |
| 03 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 04 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich | Switzerland |
| 05 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 06 | Columbia University | US |
| 07 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 08 | University of California- San Diego | US |
| 09 | University of Hawaii | US |
| 10 | Harvard University | US |
| 11 | The University of Tokyo | Japan |
| 12 | University of Maryland- College Park | US |
| 13 | University of Arizona | US |
| 14 | University of Wisconsin- Madison | US |
| 15 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 16 | Colorado State University | US |
| 17 | University of Paris VI: Pierre et Marie Curie | France |
| 18 | The Australian National University | Australia |
| 19 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 20 | University of Oxford | United Kingdom |

### Electrical Engineering

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 02 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 03 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 04 | Stanford University | US |
| 05 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 06 | Nanyang Technological University | Singapore |
| 07 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 08 | University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign | US |
| 09 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 10 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 11 | Harvard University | US |
| 12 | National Cheng Kung University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 13 | University of California- San Diego | US |
| 14 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 15 | Purdue University- West Lafayette | US |
| 16 | National Taiwan University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 17 | National Chiao Tung University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 18 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich | Switzerland |
| 19 | University of Toronto | Canada |
| 20 | City University of Hong Kong | Hong Kong |

### Computer Science

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 02 | Stanford University | US |
| 03 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 04 | Harvard University | US |
| 05 | University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign | US |
| 06 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 07 | Carnegie Mellon University | US |
| 08 | Nanyang Technological University | Singapore |
| 09 | Princeton University | US |
| 10 | University of California- San Diego | US |
| 11 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich | Switzerland |
| 12 | Technion- Israel Institute of Technology | Israel |
| 13 | University of Southern California | US |
| 14 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 15 | City University of Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| 16 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 17 | University of California- Los Angeles | US |
| 18 | University of Maryland- College Park | US |
| 19 | National Cheng Kung University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 20 | University of Minnesota- Twin Cities | US |

### Civil Engineering (including Environmental Engineering)

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 02 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich | Switzerland |
| 03 | Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Hong Kong |
| 04 | Technical University of Denmark | Denmark |
| 05 | Delft University of Technology | Netherlands |
| 06 | University of California- Davis | US |
| 07 | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |
| 08 | University of Queensland | Australia |
| 09 | University of Toronto | Canada |
| 10 | National Taiwan University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 11 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 12 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 13 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 14 | Stanford University | US |
| 15 | National Cheng Kung University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 16 | Texas A&M University- College Station | US |
| 17 | Pennsylvania State University- University Park | US |
| 18 | University of Waterloo | Canada |
| 19 | Arizona State University | US |
| 20 | The University of Texas- Austin | US |

### Mechanical Engineering

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 02 | Stanford University | US |
| 03 | University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign | US |
| 04 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 05 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 06 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 07 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 08 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | China |
| 09 | Cornell University | US |
| 10 | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |
| 11 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 12 | Princeton University | US |
| 13 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 14 | Purdue University- West Lafayette | US |
| 15 | Delft University of Technology | Netherlands |
| 16 | California Institute of Technology | US |
| 17 | Seoul National University | South Korea |
| 18 | Northwestern University | US |
| 19 | Harvard University | US |
| 20 | Pennsylvania State University- University Park | US |

### Chemical Engineering (including Energy & Fuels)

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | Kyoto University | Japan |
| 02 | Pennsylvania State University- University Park | US |
| 03 | Technical University of Denmark | Denmark |
| 04 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 05 | The University of New South Wales | Australia |
| 06 | Seoul National University | South Korea |
| 07 | Eindhoven University of Technology | Netherlands |
| 08 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 09 | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |
| 10 | Zhejiang University | China |
| 11 | Carnegie Mellon University | US |
| 12 | Tokyo Institute of Technology | Japan |
| 13 | University of Science and Technology of China | China |
| 14 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 15 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich | Switzerland |
| 16 | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | China |
| 17 | National Taiwan University | ROC(Taiwan) |
| 18 | Tianjin University | China |
| 19 | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology | South Korea |
| 20 | The University of Texas- Austin | US |

### Materials Science

| 2010 | University | Country |
| 01 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | US |
| 02 | Tohoku University | Japan |
| 03 | National University of Singapore | Singapore |
| 04 | University of California- Berkeley | US |
| 05 | Tsinghua University | China |
| 06 | University of Cambridge | United Kingdom |
| 07 | Northwestern University | US |
| 08 | Seoul National University | South Korea |
| 09 | Harvard University | US |
| 10 | Georgia Institute of Technology | US |
| 11 | University of California- Santa Barbara | US |
| 12 | Pennsylvania State University- University Park | US |
| 13 | The University of Tokyo | Japan |
| 14 | Nanyang Technological University | Singapore |
| 15 | Stanford University | US |
| 16 | University of Washington- Seattle | US |
| 17 | Osaka University | Japan |
| 18 | University of Michigan- Ann Arbor | US |
| 19 | University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign | US |
| 20 | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |

## Commentary

The Australian higher education indicated that the 2007 performance ranking of scientific papers for world universities produced by HEEACT is a useful addition to the present world university ranks because of its rigorous method and robust results, which are made possible by its more modest scope. There are more comments on the HEEACT rankings. The senior research fellow of Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Wu Yi-shan, claimed that the HEEACT ranking is the best ranking system he has ever seen. Wu indicated that the HEEACT ranking considers both long-term and short-term performance of a university. The idea of combining long-term and short-term ranking indicators is a pioneering thought. Richard Holmes posted on University Ranking Watch and noted: "Although the Shanghai rankings show a high correlation with other rankings (based on a tiny sample of US universities) the HEEACT rankings from Taiwan do somewhat better." Vice-president Research for the University of Toronto, Professor Paul Young, remarked that "the HEEACT rankings are relatively new, they are an important and methodologically robust measure of the quantity and quality of research performed by universities around the world." The dean of academic affairs at National Taiwan University, Chiang Been-Huang, stated that "2009 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities by HEEACT are conducted based on objective figures."