OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prey Nob District

Prey Nob (Khmer: ព្រៃនប់) is one of four district (srok) of Preah Sihanouk Province, Cambodia. According to the 2008 census of Cambodia, it had a population of 89,238.
# Tarabya of Toungoo

Tarabya of Toungoo (Burmese: တောင်ငူ တရဖျား, pronounced) was viceroy of Toungoo from 1440 to 1446. Prior to Toungoo, he had held governorships at Amyint and Yanaung.

## Brief

He was a son of Gov. Tarabya I of Pakhan, and younger brother of Queen Saw Min Hla. He was appointed governor of Amyint with the title of Tarabya in early 1434 by King Mohnyin Thado. In 1439, King Minye Kyawswa I succeeded the Ava throne, and appointed Tarabya governor of the strategic town of Yanaung in the Prome region as a step to regain Toungoo which had been in revolt since 1426.
In 1440, Tarabya partook in the Ava expedition to Toungoo that retook the region. For his success, Tarabya was appointed viceroy of Toungoo.
According to the Toungoo Yazawin chronicle, a court astrologer predicted in 1442 that the viceroy would die at midnight on 5th waxing of Tabodwe 807 ME (1 January 1446). Angered by the prediction, he sent the astrologer to jail. The chronicle continues that the viceroy died at the midnight of 1 January 1446 as he was taking a shower. His son Minkhaung succeeded, and freed the astrologer from jail.
Tarabya ruled for nearly six years. Tarabya was a brother-in-law of Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of the Forty Years' War fame. Moreover, starting with the Maha Yazawin chronicle, all royal chronicles identify Tarabya of Toungoo as an ancestor (paternal great-great-great grandfather) of King Bayinnaung of Toungoo Dynasty.
# Bananal Island

Bananal Island (Portuguese: Ilha do Bananal, IPA:) is a large river island formed from the bisection of the Araguaia River, in southwestern Tocantins, Brazil. The island is formed by a fork in a very flat section of the Araguaia; the western stream of the fork retains the name Araguaia and the eastern one is called the Javaés River. By reuniting later, both streams form Bananal Island, which is the second largest river island in the world and the largest without an ocean coastline, at 350 kilometres (220 mi) long and 55 kilometres (34 mi) wide. Its total area is 19,162.25 square kilometres (7,398.59 sq mi). The Jaburu do Bananal is the largest of several rivers flowing within the island, parallel to the Araguaia.

## Environmental and cultural protection

Bananal Island is a nature and culture preserve. In accordance with Article 28 of the Statute of Indian Law (Artigo 28 do Estatuto do Indío-lei) No. 6001 laid out on 19 December 1973, an area of 5,577.26 square kilometres (2,153.39 sq mi) is preserved as Araguaia National Park and further 13,584.99 square kilometres (5,245.19 sq mi) as cultural preserve for Brazilian Indigenous. The northern third of the island, which is designated as a national park, is a popular destination for ecotourism. The southern two-thirds are indigenous territories.

## Inhabitants

Although Brazilians of non-native descent lived on the island in the past, today the entire population is indigenous.
At least four tribes live on Bananal Island: the Javaés, Karajá, Ava-Canoeiro, and Tuxá. There are sixteen aldeias or villages on the island: Barra do Rio, Barreira Branca, Boa Esperança, Boto Velho, Cachoeirinha, Fontoura, JK, Kanoanã, Kaxiwe, Macaúba, Santa Isabel, São João, Txoude, Txuiri, Wari-Wari, Watau.
There are no bridges to the island from the states of Tocantins to the east nor from Mato Grosso to the west. For the greater majority of the year, the only transport to the island is by boat. However, for a few weeks during the dry season (June – August) the river is low enough that it can be forded and the island can be reached by car. The villages have roads wide enough for cars and tractors, but most travellers walk or ride horses or bicycles.

### Image gallery

* Ceramic statuette – MHNT

## Municipalities

From north to south, the island forms the western portions of the municipalities of Pium, Lagoa da Confusão, and Formoso do Araguaia, in southwestern Tocantins.
# Dispilio

Dispilio (Greek: Δισπηλιό, before 1926: Δουπιάκοι – Doupiakoi) is a village near Lake Orestiada, in the Kastoria regional unit of Western Macedonia, Greece. Near the village is an archaeological site containing remains of a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island.

## Archaeology

The remains of the lakeside settlement were discovered in 1932. The lake level was especially low in 1932 owing to a dry winter and some infrastructural works around the lake, revealing the remains of piles sticking out of the lake bottom. These have been interpreted as supports for stilt houses and walkways, similar to those found at other sites in Europe, such as the Somerset Levels
A preliminary survey was made in 1935 by Antonios Keramopoulos. Excavations began in 1992, led by George Hourmouziadis (1932-2013), professor of prehistoric archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The site's paleoenvironment, botany, fishing techniques, tools and ceramics were published informally in the June 2000 issue of Επτάκυκλος, a Greek archaeology magazine and by Hourmouziadis in 2002.
A reconstruction of the lake dwellers' settlement has been erected near the site to attract tourists from Greece and abroad, albeit the reconstruction is not based on architectural findings from Dispilio, but rather on other similar reconstructions from around Europe.
According to a series of radiocarbon dates, the site appears to have been occupied over a long period, from around 5600-5500 BC (Middle Neolithic), to around 3700-3500 BC (Final Neolithic or Early Bronze Age).
A new method, combining radiocarbon and dendrochronology, has been used to date the wooden structures at the site to a single calendar-year showing that the Late Neolithic construction phases have taken place between 5328 BC and 5140 BC.
After a potential hiatus, another occupation phase is detected later, around 2400-2100 BC during the Bronze Age. The identification of Mycenaean pottery also points to an occupation phase in the Late Bronze Age (second half of 2nd millennium BC).
A number of artifacts have been found during the excavations spanning more than 20 years, including pottery, wooden structural elements, seeds, bones, figurines, personal ornaments, flutes (some made on human bones), and many other objects. Like other waterlogged sites, Dispilio is particularly important for its excellent preservation of organic materials, such as wood, seeds, plant fibre and similar. Public interest was especially attracted after the discovery of"Dispilio Tablet", a wooden object with linear markings on its surface, conjectured by some to be an early writing system.
# Melicope ovalis

Melicope ovalis, the wild pelea or Hana melicope, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to Maui, of the Hawaiian Islands.

## Distribution

This tree is only present in Kīpahulu Valley in Haleakalā National Park on Maui. It is threatened by the degradation of its habitat due to the presence of feral pigs and introduced species of plants. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Hawaiian Melicope, this species is known as alani.

## Description

The Melicope ovalis tree grows up to 5 metres (16 ft) in height. The leathery oval leaves grow up to 16 centimeters long by 10 wide. They have a scent similar to anise when crushed.
# Jacky Bovay

Jacky Bovay (1 April 1933 – 19 September 1984) was a Swiss professional racing cyclist. He rode in two editions of the Tour de France.
# Terry Fox station

Terry Fox station is a bus stop on Ottawa, Ontario's transitway served by OC Transpo buses. It is located in the western transitway section and is the main western terminal of routes 61 and 62 for all trips not extended to/from Stittsville.
It is located adjacent the Kanata Centrum shopping centre at Kanata Avenue and Earl Grey Drive, just east of the Highway 417 exit at Terry Fox Drive. The station entered service in September 2004 with construction still having been underway at that time; it officially opened on February 22, 2005. Before the station's construction, a small terminal was located at Kanata Town Centre, located south of Highway 417 on Katimavik Road.
The station also contains a Park & Ride facility to supplement the often-full Eagleson station.

## Service

The following routes serve Terry Fox station:
Keyvte :
| | O-Train |
| E1 | Shuttle Express |
| R1  R2 | O-Train replacement bus routes |
| 98  39 | Rapid routes |
| N75 | Night routes |
| 40  11 | Frequent routes |
| 55  162 | Local routes |
| 284 | Connexion routes |
| 405 | 300s: Shopper routes 400s: Event routes 600s: School routes |
| Additional info: Line 1: Confederation Line Line 2: Trillium Line Line 4: Airport Link  Routes 5 to 99: Custom routing that connects to Line 1 and/or 2 Routes 100 to 199: Custom routing that does not connect to Line 1 or 2 Routes 200 to 299: Connexion (peak-period only routes that connect to the O-Train) Routes 301 to 305: Shopper Routes (limited rural service) Routes 404 to 406: Canadian Tire Centre events Routes 450 to 456: Lansdowne Park events Routes 602 to 698: School Routes  Route R1: replaces Line 1 when out of service Route R2: replaces Line 2 when out of service Routes N39 to N97: night service (replaces Line 1) White backgrounds: service may be limited  Last two digits represent service area: 00s and 10s – Central 20s – Gloucester 30s – Orléans 40s – Ottawa East 50s – Ottawa West 60s – Kanata, Stittsville 70s – Barrhaven 80s – Nepean 90s – South Keys ||
| Stop | Routes |
| 3A | Ontario Northland to Pembroke, North Bay, Sudbury |
| 3B | none |
| 3C South/West | 61  62  162  301  303  404 |
| 4A South/East | 61  61D  62  67  88  161  164  168  264  301  303  454 |
| 4B North | 165  264 |
| 4C | |
# Kolsås

Kolsås (Norwegian pronunciation:), sometimes called Kolsaas, is a hill in the municipality of Bærum, Norway. Geologically, Kolsås belongs to the Oslo Graben area. Its two peaks consist of hard rhomb porphyric lava covering softer rocks, forming steep cliffs to the east, south and west.

## The name

An old farm beneath the mountain has the name Kolsberg. The first element in this name is the genitive case of the old male name Kolr, and the last element is berg n 'mountain'. The parish and municipality of Bærum (Old Norse Bergheimr) is probably named after this prominent mountain. The last element in the name of the mountain was later changed to ås m 'mountain ridge' to distinguish it from the name of the farm.

## Protected landscape area

The area from Kolsås to Dælivannet is a protected landscape area from 1978 (five square kilometers), with four nature reserves: Skotta, Dalbo, Kolsåsstupene and Kolsåstoppen nature reserve.

## Climbing

Kolsås has been a training area for climbers since beginning of the 20th century. Today it is the largest rock climbing area in the Oslo region. The wall Øvre Sydstup on the southern wall has more than 200 climbing routes.

## Winter sports

The northern hillside of Kolsås has alpine skiing facilities.

## Kolsåsbanen

Kolsåsbanen is part of the subway rail system Oslo T-bane, running from downtown Oslo to Kolsås station, via Gjettum station and Hauger station.

## NATO base

The military base Kolsås leir, partly located inside the mountain, was home of NATO's Allied Forces Northern Europe (AFNORTH) until 1994.

## Culture

The area has occurrences of old petroglyphs, tumuli and limestone quarries.
The French painter Claude Monet painted Mont Kolsaas in 1895.
# Verulux cypselurus

Verulux cypselurus, also known as the swallow-tail cardinalfish is a species of fish in the family Apogonidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
# Caseous necrosis

Caseous necrosis or caseous degeneration (/ˈkeɪsiəs/) is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance. Unlike with coagulative necrosis, tissue structure is destroyed. Caseous necrosis is enclosed within a granuloma. Caseous necrosis is most notably associated with tuberculoma. The dead tissue appears as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.
The term caseous means 'pertaining or related to cheese', and comes from the Latin word caseus 'cheese'.

## Histology

In caseous necrosis no histological architecture is preserved (unlike with coagulative necrosis). On microscopic examination with H&E staining, the area is acellular, characterised by amorphous, roughly granular eosinophilic debris of now dead cells, also containing interspearsed haematoxyphilic remnants of cell nucleus contents. This caseus necrotic center is enclosed within a granuloma.

## Causes

Frequently caseous necrosis is characteristically associated with tuberculomas.
A similar appearance can be associated with histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and coccidioidomycosis.

## Pathophysiology

This begins as infection is recognized by the body and macrophages begin walling off the microorganisms or pathogens. As macrophages release chemicals that digest cells, the cells begin to die. As the cells die they disintegrate but are not completely digested and the debris of the disintegrated cells clump together creating soft granular mass that has the appearance of cheese. As cell death begins, the granuloma forms and cell death continues the inflammatory response is mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
Some data suggests that the epithelioid morphology and associated barrier function of host macrophages associated with granulomas may prevent effective immune clearance of mycobacteria.
# Melicope knudsenii

Melicope knudsenii, commonly known as Olokele Valley melicope or Knudsen's melicope, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It inhabits montane mesic forests dominated by Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, and Dicranopteris linearis on Kauaʻi (Olokele Valley and Waimea Canyon) and East Maui (Auwahi). Associated plants include Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, Ilex anomala, Alphitonia ponderosa, Zanthoxylum dipetalum, Kadua terminalis, Pleomele aurea, Bobea spp., Tetraplasandra waimeae, Xylosma hawaiensis, Eurya sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Melicope anisata, Melicope barbigera, Planchonella sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, and Dianella sandwicensis. It is threatened by habitat loss. Like other Hawaiian Melicope, this species is known as alani. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This is a tree which can reach 10 meters tall. It bears large inflorescences containing up to 200 flowers each.
This tree is very rare today, existing only on the islands of Kauai and Maui in small numbers. By 2008 there were three individuals remaining on Kauai. A 1999 survey reported only a single wild individual remaining on Maui, and one cultivated tree in an arboretum. The latter is producing seeds, which are being collected. The seedlings will be planted in appropriate habitat.
# Tapan Kumar Biswas

Tapan Kumar Biswas (born September 13, 1964, West Bengal) is an Indian academic. His publications delve into various facets of Bengali folk culture, language, and literature.

## Education

Biswa earned a Master of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Letters.

## Career

Biswas began his teaching career at Asutosh College, where he joined as an Assistant Professor in 1996. He later joined the Department of Folklore at the University of Kalyani in 2000 and has been continuing here since then.
Biswas also served as the Vice-Chancellor (Officiating) at the University of Kalyani for a brief period in 2017. He also served as Vice Chancellor at Harichand Guruchand University from 30 January 2021 to 29 January 2023 and again from 9 March 2023 to 8 June 2023.

## Publications

Biswas has published 15 books. Three books published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing in many languages (Portuguese, French, Italian Edition)
Notable works include:
* Ethno-Mathematics and Folk Science: A Study on Folkloristics and Sociological Perspective. Lambert Academic Publishing. 2023. ISBN 978-620-7-45500-3.
* Folk Research Methodology: A New Perspective and Dimension. Lambert Academic Publishing. 2023. ISBN 978-620-7-45325-2.
* Education and Social Movement of Shree Shree Guruchand Thakur: Its Impact on Matua & Back-Retained People's Life of Bengal. Lambert Academic Publishing. 2024. ISBN 978-6-207-45569-0.
# Fritz Zbinden

Fritz Zbinden (28 July 1922 – 15 June 1983) was a Swiss racing cyclist. He finished in last place in the 1950 Tour de France.
# Ecklonia kurome

Ecklonia kurome (Japanese: 黑布 (kurome), Chinese: 鹅掌菜) is a brown alga species in the genus Ecklonia found in the Sea of Japan.
The phlorotannins eckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A and 8,8'-bieckol can be found in Ecklonia kurome.
An oligosaccharide extract from Ecklonia kurome called GV-971 [zh] is approved in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but the evidence is highly dubious.
# Flag of the Khmer Republic

The flag of the Khmer Republic (Khmer: ទង់ជាតិសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ, Tóng chéatĕ Sathéarônârôdth Khmêr; lit. 'National flag of the Khmer Republic') is one of the historical flags of Cambodia. It consists of a blue field with a red rectangle in the canton. The red rectangle bears the Angkor Wat silhouette. Three large white stars are aligned horizontally on the upper corner of the blue field.

## History

The flag of the Khmer Republic was introduced on 9 October 1970 by the Lon Nol regime replacing the Royal Flag. It was the official flag of Cambodia for almost five years and it was displayed at the 1972 Summer Olympics where Cambodia officially competed under its new government after a long absence.
The flag was relinquished on 17 April 1975 when the Khmer Rouge overthrew the Khmer Republic and established Democratic Kampuchea and replaced the flag with a new flag of their own. The last place where it was hoisted was in May 1975 in the final area held by the Khmer National Armed Forces on the escarpment of the Preah Vihear Temple in the Dângrêk Mountains. Even though their government had surrendered, loyalist Khmer Republic soldiers continued to fiercely hold their ground for nearly a month after the fall of Phnom Penh. Finally that outpost fell to the Khmer Rouge on 22 May 1975. The flag of Democratic Kampuchea became the flag of Cambodia after the ousting of the republican government.

### Later use

The Khmer Republic flag is still used afterwards by Cambodian opposition groups in exile, such as the Khmer Power Party (KPP), and by certain political parties within Cambodia, such as the Khmer Republican Party (KRP), though on a smaller scale if compared to the South Vietnamese flag. Khmer scholar Keng Vannsak commented that, according to Cambodian superstition, the choice of three stars was inauspicious. The Cambodian Liberty Party (CLP), the Hang Dara Democratic Movement Party (HDMP), the Khmer Front Party, the Khmer Improvement Party, the Khmer Loves Khmer Party and the Society of Justice Party also use the flag. The Royal Cambodian Armed Forces use the flag as its war flag.

## Symbolism
### Pattern

The flag of the Khmer Republic kept the white three-towered Angkor Wat silhouette, as well as the blue and red colors of the royal flag that had preceded it, but in a different pattern.

### Stars

According to Article 4 of the Constitutional Law of the Khmer Republic voted by the National Assembly on 7 October 1970, the three stars in the blue field represent the following:
* The Nation, the religion and the republic of Cambodia
* The Three powers of the State: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
* The Three Jewels of Buddhism (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha)
# The Dog Problem

The Dog Problem is a 2006 comedy film written and directed by Scott Caan. Along with Caan, the film stars Giovanni Ribisi, Lynn Collins, Kevin Corrigan, Sarah Shahi, and Mena Suvari. Don Cheadle appears in an uncredited role. The film premiered at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival and was released on DVD on August 28, 2007.

## Plot

Solo Harrington is a down-on-his-luck writer who has published an unsuccessful novel and accrued heavy debt on drugs and therapy. After being encouraged by his psychiatrist Dr. Nourmand to get a dog, Solo gets himself a scrawny little terrier, but the dog irritates him to the point that Solo doesn't give it a name. Casper, Solo's womanizing best friend, suggests that Solo sell the dog to Jules, a wealthy dog-lover, in order to pay off Benny, a loan shark who regular threatens Solo.
At a dog park, Solo meets Lola and becomes romantically interested in her. When Lola's pit bull injures Solo's unnamed dog, Solo must take him to the vet, borrowing money from Lola in the process. Solo and Lola's friendship blossoms into the potential for romance, but a series of problems stands in the way of the couple. Solo also starts to form a bond with his dog, which complicates his situation when Jules decides she wants the dog for herself.

## Cast

* Giovanni Ribisi as Solo Harrington
* Lynn Collins as Lola
* Scott Caan as Casper
* Kevin Corrigan as Benny
* Mena Suvari as Jules
* Sarah Shahi as Candy
* Tito Ortiz as Frank
* Kimo Leopoldo as Ted
* Brian Goodman as Joe, The Guard
* Joanna Krupa as Taffy
* Med Abrous as Brad
* Melissa Keller as Escalator Girl
* Jimmy the Dog as Spot The Dog
* Don Cheadle as Dr. Nourmand (uncredited)
* Steve Jones as Himself

## Reception

The Dog Problem premiered at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival.
Based on 8 critics' reviews on Rotten Tomatoes, The Dog Problem has an approval rating of 63%.
Erik Childress of eFilmCritic.com said the film is, "a romantic comedy which doesn't force its charm down your throat and instead allows the viewer in to peek around its quirks and discover the true heart beating within." David Nusair of Reel Film Reviews called it "a quirky, thoroughly lightweight film that’s generally elevated by several engaging performances and Scott Caan’s confident, almost cocky directorial choices." Eddie Cockrell of Variety wrote the film "is a distinct change of pace [for Caan], reining in the testosterone of 2003's Dallas 362 in favor of a moderately more benevolent worldview," and said "Collins displays an innate understanding of comedic timing", but said it is also "off-puttingly mannered" and the ending appeared to be lifted from the end of 2004's Sideways. In his review for Screen Daily, Patrick Z. McGavin said, "The visual highpoint - a sequence that explains the dog's brief disappearance - reveals a young film-maker whose progress and maturity warrants full consideration."

## Music

The film features a score by Mark Mothersbaugh, and the music used during the title sequence is based on the Devo song "Gut Feeling".