OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christian Stauffer

Christian Stauffer, born 1579 in the village of Eggiwil, Switzerland, was a leader in the Anabaptist movement during the 17th century.

## Personal life

Christian Stauffer was the eldest of eleven children of Niclaus Stauffer (b. abt. 1555) and Cathrinia Lehman. He was born and raised at Luchsmatt Farm in the village of Eggiwil.
Christian first married Adelheid Opplinger (born 1588) June 18, 1610 in Rothenbach, Bern, Switzerland. They had 11 children from 1611 to 1629.

## Prison and exile

In 1644, Christian who was an Anabaptist preacher may have been potential prey during a great "Täufer-Jagen" (Baptist Hunt) along with Uli Zaugg and Uli Neuhaus. They were all captured and placed in Thun Castle, where the authorities were warned to keep obstinate preachers out of Emmenthal valley (where Eggiwil is located). The Emmenthal valley was a hub for Anabaptists and their numbers were growing which alarmed the authorities in Bern. Authorities arrested and exiled anyone who was thought to be a follower or supporter of the Anabaptist movement.
Christian and his second wife were exiled from Eggiwil in the fall of 1671 to Dirmstein, Germany.

## Death

A few months after his exile, (April 6, 1672) Christian died of old age in Dirmstein, Germany. He was 93 years old.

## Descendants

Stauffer is connected to family members that eventually headed to the United States and Canada:
* Abraham Stouffer American born settler founder of what is now Stouffville, Ontario, Canada
# Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The women's 100 metre backstroke was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which was established in 1924. The competition was held on Tuesday 9 August 1932, and on Thursday 11 August 1932.
Twelve swimmers from seven nations competed.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Eleanor Holm United States | Bonnie Mealing Australia | Valerie Davies Great Britain |

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.
| World Record | 1:18.2 | Eleanor Holm | Jones Beach (USA) | 16 July 1932 |
| Olympic Record | 1:21.6 | Marie Braun | Amsterdam (NED) | 9 August 1928 |
In the first semi-final Eleanor Holm set a new Olympic record with 1:18.3 minutes.

## Results
### Semifinals

Tuesday 9 August 1932: The fastest two in each semi-final and the fastest third-placed from across the semi-finals advanced to the final.
Semifinal 1
| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Eleanor Holm (USA) | 1:18.3 | QQ OR |
| 2 | Bonnie Mealing (AUS) | 1:21.6 | QQ |
| 3 | Phyllis Harding (GBR) | 1:22.6 | qq |
| 4 | Puck Oversloot (NED) | 1:23.5 | |
| 5 | Misao Yokota (JPN) | 1:25.1 | |
Semifinal 2
| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Valerie Davies (GBR) | 1:22.0 | QQ |
| 2 | Joan McSheehy (USA) | 1:22.5 | QQ |
| 3 | Ruth Kerr (CAN) | 1:28.2 | |
| 4 | Maria Lenk (BRA) | | |
Semifinal 3
| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Marie Braun (NED) | 1:23.8 | QQ |
| 2 | Joyce Cooper (GBR) | 1:25.0 | QQ |
| 3 | Marjorie Linton (CAN) | 1:29.1 | |

### Final

Thursday 11 August 1932: Marie Braun was not able to compete in the final. She had to stay in hospital due to blood poisoning after an infection caused by a mosquito bite.
| Place | Swimmer | Time |
| 1 | Eleanor Holm (USA) | 1:19.4 |
| 2 | Bonnie Mealing (AUS) | 1:21.3 |
| 3 | Valerie Davies (GBR) | 1:22.5 |
| 4 | Phyllis Harding (GBR) | 1:22.6 |
| 5 | Joan McSheehy (USA) | 1:23.2 |
| 6 | Joyce Cooper (GBR) | 1:23.4 |
# Logger's Leap

Logger's Leap was a log flume ride at Thorpe Park, UK. It was the tallest log flume in the UK. The ride closed in 2015.

## History

Logger's Leap opened in 1989 on the lake at the back of the park, along with a new themed area 'Canada Creek'. It was manufactured by Mack Rides. The attraction featured a 'country and western' pop soundtrack including 5,6,7,8 by Steps, Cotton-Eyed Joe by Rednex, Southern Nights by Glen Campbell and 9 to 5 by Dolly Parton.
The ride was the tallest log flume ride in the UK upon opening, although this was surpassed by "Nightmare Niagara" at American Adventure theme park near Derby. Following the closure of American Adventure, Logger's Leap regained its record.
The ride famously featured in press photographs of the royal family with Princess Diana in 1993. A dedication plaque was erected next to the attraction following her death.
In 2013, the tunnel enclosing the first lift and drop was removed due to poor structural maintenance over time.
Logger's Leap did not open after the 2015 season and stood not operating. The park announced via social media that the ride was "under redevelopment". In February 2019, it was confirmed that Logger's Leap had permanently closed and ride parts were to be auctioned in May, however no auction ever took place.
During Fright Nights 2019, the old station was used as the venue for a new scare maze, "Creek Freak Massacre".
During the 2023 season, Loggers Leap was demolished to make way for Hyperia, the tallest, fastest, and most weightless roller coaster in the UK.

## Ride experience

Riders queued up in one of five queues at the front of the station. Each Logger's Leap boat held up to five people - two in the front and three in the back.
Once the boat left the station it meandered towards a tunnel. The boat was then lifted up into the tunnel before descending the first drop in complete darkness. The boat exited the tunnel amongst woodland at the back of the park, where it crossed the main lake and made its way to the second lift hill. This hill, the biggest of the ride, featured a steep drop with a double dip. The boat descended the drop into a splashdown, then meandered back to the station across the edge of the lake.

## Post-closure redevelopments

Thorpe Park initially claimed via social media that they were "hoping for it to make a splashback soon". Since the official closure, however, Thorpe Park stated on their website in 2019 that "situations can change and as plans develop they often move in different directions". They followed by stating that "the area that Logger's Leap once dominated will be forming part of our long term development plans."
On 14 March 2022, Thorpe Park submitted an extensive planning application to Runnymede Borough Council detailing their proposed redevelopments of the Old Town area of the park. The main focus of the application is their proposed new roller coaster, at the time, code-named 'Project Exodus'. The demolition of Logger's Leap was completed in early 2023 to make way for the new roller coaster now known as Hyperia. Some sections of the flume still remain towards the back of the site.
# Madau

Madau is an island of the Woodlark Islands group, in the Solomon Sea and Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea.

## Geography

It is a few 100 metres (330 ft) off the northwestern tip of Woodlark Island. Its area is 32 km$^2$ (12 sq mi). The highest point is 7 metres (23 ft) above MSL.
At the census of population of 2000, the island hat 758 inhabitants. 307 were in the principal village of Madau, located in the centre of the island; 237 in Muneiveyova in the north; and 178 in Boagis in the south.

## Natural history

There is only one species of mammal on the island, the Woodlark Cuscus (Phalanger lullulae). It is in the Trobriand Islands rain forests ecoregion.
# Kvemo Ermani

Kvemo Ermani or Kvemo Yermani (Georgian: ქვემო ერმანი; Ossetian: Дæллаг Ерман) is a village in the Java District of South Ossetia or Shida Kartli, Georgia, at an altitude of 1,940 m. Distance to the municipality center, Java, is 46 km. As of 2015, the settlement was home to 21 people.
# Jungermanniaceae

Jungermanniaceae is the namesake family of leafy liverworts. It is a group of small plants that are widely distributed. Several genera formerly included within the family are now classified in the Myliaceae or Solenostomataceae.
Most of the species of this family are found in temperate regions.
The main characteristics of the family:
* The leaves are succubous.
* The leaves are unlobed and never decurrent along the stem.
* Perianth is terminal on the leading shoot.
* Rhizoids are scattered along the stem.

## Description

The branches do not grow from the underside of the stem when the plants branch. The leaves are unlobed and have a smooth edge, and the underlobes are vestigial or absent. The rhizoids are scattered along the underside of the stem, and not restricted to specific patches near the underleaves.

## Subfamilies and genera

Subfamilies and genera included in Jungermanniaceae:
* Delavayelloideae Grolle
** Delavayella Steph.
** Liochlaena Nees
* Jungermannioideae Dumort.
** Eremonotus Lindb. & Kaal. ex Pearson
** Jungermannia L.
* Mesoptychioideae R.M.Schust.
** Mesoptychia (Lindb.) A.Evans
** Rivulariella D.H.Wagner.
* incertae sedis
** †Jungermannites Goeppert & Berendt, 1845 - fossil morphogenus
# Lantern shield

The lantern shield is a small shield combined with a lantern used during the Italian Renaissance (15th and 16th century Italy) especially for night time duels. A number of specimens survive. Their defining feature is a small circular shield – a buckler – combined with a lantern, or a hook from which to hang a lantern, intended to blind the opponent at night or in duels fought at dawn.
Some more elaborate examples might incorporate gauntlets, spikes, sword blades, and also a mechanism to alternatively darken or release the light of the lantern.
The most peculiar example is the one now kept at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, made in the 1540s.
Swordsmen dueling at dawn are reported to have carried lanterns during the 16th and 17th centuries, and fencing manuals of the period integrated the lantern into their lessons, using it to parry blows and blind the opponent. The manuals sometimes show the combatants carrying the lantern in the left hand wrapped behind the back.
It is believed that the lantern shield was never actually used in combat, but rather for patrolling Italian city streets at night.
The lantern halberd and lantern pistol are other weapons with an integrated lantern. The lantern pistol is an 18th or 19th century flintlock pistol shield and there are two known versions.
# Skamania, Washington

Skamania is a small unincorporated community in Skamania County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Washington.

## History

The Stevenson area has been home to Native American settlements for thousands of years. Their villages were focal points for commerce and social gatherings as they came to trade and fish along the riverbanks. Some of the first explorers and missionaries in the area included Lewis & Clark, David Thompson and Dr. Spaulding. They used the Columbia River to get through the Cascade Mountains on their way to the Pacific Ocean. In 1843, the Oregon Trail brought the first settlers there. Pioneers portaged around the Cascade Rapids on their way to the Willamette Valley. Some of these pioneering families chose to stay there. The Stevenson family, who settled there in the 1800s from Missouri, founded the town of Stevenson on the old Shepard donation land claim. Under the supervision of the Stevenson Land Company, George Stevenson purchased the original town site for $24,000 in 1893, building the town along the lower flat near the river. Settlers expanded the original dock to serve the daily arrivals of sternwheelers unloading passengers, cargo and loading logs.

## Geography

Skamania is located within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area on Washington State Route 14. The community lies between Prindle to the west and North Bonneville to the east.

## Parks and recreation

Beacon Rock State Park is located east of Skamania. The town is also near the Sams Walker Day Use Site, which is maintained by the US Forest Service. The community is sandwiched between Pierce National Wildlife Refuge and Franz Lake National Wildlife Refuge, home to wintering grounds for tundra swans and 35 acres (140,000 m$^2$) of wapato, previously extinct in Washington and endangered in Oregon, now scarce but stable in both states.

## Education

Young students attend Skamania Elementary School.
# Timofey Kirpichnikov

Timofey Ivanovich Kirpichnikov (Russian: Тимофей Иванович Кирпичников; 1892 – 1917/1918) was an active participant of the February Revolution, where he aligned himself with the short-lived Russian Republic. Rising against the Russian Empire, Kirpichnikov was the initiator of the Petrograd garrison's uprising.

## Life

Timofey Kirpichnikov was born in the Old Believers' peasant family in the village of Dmitrovka in the Saransky Uyezd of the Penza Governorate of the Russian Empire.
During World War I, Kirpichnikov fought on the Austrian front, was wounded in the hand and after a hospital stay ended up in Petrograd. As a war veteran, Kirpichnikov was popular among Imperial Russian Army soldiers, but was also noted for his sternness.
After the start of the February Revolution, Kirpichnikov was a member of the Volinsky Regiment tasked with bringing order to Petrograd. He helped lead the mutiny of this regiment against this order and was sometimes referred as the “First Soldier of the Revolution.” During the April Crisis, when Bolsheviks led by Lenin tried to seize power, Kirpichnikov provided the Russian Provisional Government with military support which temporarily halted the crisis.
After the October Revolution, Kirpichnikov planned to join the newly formed Russian White Army fighting against Bolsheviks. Kirpichnikov, however, became unpopular among some Imperial Russian officials due to his anti-imperialist stance. At the meeting with Imperial Russian general Alexander Kutepov in 1917/1918 he was suddenly apprehended and summarily executed by shooting.
# Third Dominican Republic

The Third Dominican Republic was a predecessor of the Dominican Republic and existed from 12 July 1924 with the departure of American troops after the end of the first American occupation, until 1 July 1966 when Joaquín Balaguer became President of the Dominican Republic. De facto the Third Republic ended on the 28 April 1965 with the US occupation. This period is also known as the Age of Trujillo, because of the strong influence exerted by the Trujillo regime over much of these 41 years.
# Arun Prasath

Arun Prasath (born 30 November 1991) is an Indian television actor. He is known for his role in the serial Bharathi Kannamma. and he is known for his participation in the Indian reality show, Bigg Boss 8.

## Career

In 2011, he made his debut as an actor with the short film Paran Kalam, which was well received in local film industry. Arun later played a supporting role in the film Meyaadha Maan playing the role of Kishore, the film was released in 2017 and went on to be a hit.
In 2019, Arun gained widespread recognition for his role in the Star Vijay series Bharathi Kannamma, where he played the lead role of Bharathi. In 2021, Arun won the Best Actor Award for his performance in the series at the Vijay Television Awards.
In 2024, he participated in the reality show Bigg Boss 8 as contestant. He was later evicted at 8th position from the show on Day 97.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Note(s) |
| 2019–2023 | Bharathi Kannamma | Dr.Bharathi | Lead Role |
| 2020 | Pandian Stores | Dr.Bharathi | Special appearance |
| 2021–2022 | Raja Rani | Dr.Bharathi | Special appearance |
| 2022 | Kana Kaanum Kaalangal | Himself | Guest role |
| 2024–2025 | Bigg Boss 8 | Contestant | Evicted Day 97 |

### Films

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2011 | Paran Kalam | Kumar | Tamil | Short film |
| 2017 | Meyaadha Maan | Kishore | Tamil | |
| 2019 | Jada | Jada's friend | Tamil | |
# One Montenegro

One Montenegro (full legal name: One Crna Gora DOO) is a mobile phone operator in Montenegro.

## History

In November 1995, PTT of Montenegro and European Telecom Luxembourg signed a contract on establishing a limited liability company in the aim of obtaining a mobile telephony license in Montenegro. Then in January 1996, consortium ETL and PTT of Montenegro obtained a 20-year concession for establishing a GSM 900 mobile network in Montenegro. Then ProMonte was founded two months later, in March 1996. ProMonte went live on July 10, 1996. The first mobile telephony call made in Montenegro was on July 10, 1996. In December 2001, ProMonte obtained a 15-year license, letting it use GSM 900 and DCS 1800. At the same time, PTT of Montenegro sold ETL its 9% of ProMonte shares. On August 11, 2004, Telenor has completed the acquisition of an additional 55.9% of the shares in ProMonte, and became the 100% owner of ProMonte. ProMonte was rebranded as Telenor on May 18, 2010.
In January 2018, the company's management confirmed media reports that there is interest in sale of Telenor's business in Southeast Europe, including Telenor Montenegro. In March 2018, Telenor sold its business in Southeast Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Montenegro and Serbia) to the investment fund PPF, for a sum of 2.8 billion euros.
As of December 2021. Telenor in Montenegro is part of 4iG. After the purchase, 4iG transferred the ownership to Antenna Hungária. The company has more than 1,900 employees.
On March 1, 2022, the company announced that the Telenor brand in Montenegro completely changes to ‘ONE’ with the rebrand happening on March 14. The new brand represents friendliness, commitment, agility and transparency.
# Lluís Rigalt

Lluís Rigalt i Farriols (1814 – 16 April 1894) was a Spanish landscape painter and graphic artist.

## Biography

He was born in Barcelona, and came from a family of artists. His father was a painter and scenographer, Pau Rigalt and his uncle Joaquim was an architect. He was a quiet and sickly child and was frequently in poor health throughout his life. His first art lessons were with his father at the Escola de la Llotja in Barcelona, then he went to Madrid, where he studied with Jenaro Pérez Villaamil.
Despite the instability in Catalonia during the 1830s and 40s, he remained aloof from political affairs; although they had a subtle effect on his works. He spent much of his time drawing scenes from the city, rather than painting. After the situation became more settled, the region entered a period when renovation and renewal became the bywords. In 1859, a major urban renewal plan devised by Ildefonso Cerdá resulted in the destruction of numerous old buildings. In many cases, Rigalt's drawings from the previous two decades are the only remaining record of those structures.
He was a professor of perspective at the Escola and was named an Academician of Merit by the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He was also a member of the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi. In 1855, he was a member of the commission that prepared the Spanish Pavilion at the Exposition Universelle.
In addition to his paintings and drawings, he did decorative work for Isabel II during her stay in Barcelona and for the funeral of General Francisco Javier Castaños in 1852. Following his father's footsteps, he designed and painted sets for the Teatro de Gracia and the Teatro de la Comedia. Among the books he illustrated were Enciclopédico Pintoresco de Artes Industriales, España Pintoresca and Historia de Cataluña. He died in Barcelona, aged about eighty.

## Selected paintings

* Montserrat Mountain (~ 1840) MNAC
* Memories of Catalonia (1858)
* Landscape with Ruins (1865)
* Landscape with Woods (1866)
* Untitled landscape (1875)
# Ulmus × hollandica var. insularum

Ulmus × hollandica var. insularum was recognized as a biometrically distinct population of U. × hollandica endemic to all the Channel Islands and the Cotentin Peninsula of France by Richens and Jeffers in 1975. As of January 2025, Plants of the World Online did not accept this or any other varieties of U. × hollandica, treating them all as synonyms of the hybrid species.

## Description

U. × hollandica var. insularum has an open canopy comprising irregular branching; the leaves are broadly ovate, < 8.5 cm long by 6 cm broad. The tree is distinguished from typical U. × hollandica and its most common cultivar, 'Vegeta', the Huntingdon Elm, by its longer (8–12 mm) petiole, greater foliar asymmetry, and more extensive axillary tufts on the lower surface of the lamina. Richens did not investigate the flowers and fruit.

## Taxonomy

The tree had been treated within Ulmus montana (a synonym of U. glabra) until McClintock assigned it to U. × hollandica. In 1998, Richens placed it within U. × hollandica as var. insularum. In 2018, J. V. Armstrong and P. D. Sell raised it to the full species Ulmus insularum. Clive Stace suggested that the more asymmetric leaves and longer petioles may indicate that the variety has U. minor subsp. sarniensis in its parentage.
As of January 2025, Plants of the World Online did not accept this or any other varieties of U. × hollandica, treating them all as synonyms of U. × hollandica, including what it called U. × insularum.

## Pests and diseases

The tree is very susceptible to Dutch elm disease.

## Cultivation

As of 2015, the status of the tree in the Channel Islands following the arrival of Dutch elm disease was not recorded.
# Rokata

Rokata (Georgian: როკათა) is a village in the Java district of South Ossetia, Georgia. It is located in the center of the country, situated on the Liakhvi river.
# Mortlake railway station

Mortlake railway station is in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, in south London, and is in Travelcard Zone 3. It is 8 miles 21 chains (13.3 km) down the line from London Waterloo.
The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway. Postal district and boundary changes over many years mean that Mortlake now serves the area known as East Sheen as well as the area of Mortlake, both of which share the SW14 postcode. Mortlake is the closest station to the finish of the Oxford-Cambridge University Boat Race.

## History

The station was opened on 27 July 1846, when the London and South Western Railway officially opened the line to Richmond for public service. Along with Richmond, it was not finished in time for a directors' special on 22 July 1846 and was still incomplete when the line opened due to delays in obtaining land.
The original station was said to be similar to neighbouring Barnes Station in its Tudor Gothic-style, but much smaller. The office at Mortlake was described as being very small, with a very small entrance room and a small inner room for the ladies' waiting-room. None of the original station survives.
It was renamed Mortlake & East Sheen in 1886, before it was renamed back to Mortlake in 1916.
Queen Victoria's Waiting Room The building next to Mortlake railway station – now occupied by a classic car showroom – houses Queen Victoria's old waiting room, built for her and Prince Albert as they frequented White Lodge in Richmond Park, where their family and later their son, Prince of Wales (later Edward VII ) lived.

## Platforms and infrastructure

The station has two platforms:
* Platform 1 is an eastbound platform for services to London Waterloo via Clapham Junction.
* Platform 2 is a westbound platform for services to London Waterloo via Richmond.
There is a ticket office on Platform 2 and a footbridge between the two platforms.
There is a level crossing across Sheen Lane just beyond the east end of the station. More than 3800 vehicles and nearly 2400 pedestrians use the crossing daily and 349 trains pass over the crossing each weekday. It is considered to be the fourth most risky CCTV-crossing on Network Rail's Wessex Route.

## Services

All services at Mortlake are operated by South Western Railway.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 2 tph to London Waterloo via Barnes
* 2 tph to Teddington, returning to London Waterloo via Kingston and Wimbledon
Additional services, including trains to and from London Waterloo via Hounslow call at the station during the peak hours.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Barnes | | South Western Railway Kingston Loop Line | | North Sheen |

## Connections

London Buses routes 419 and 533, mobility route 969, and night route N22 serve the station.