OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kayqubad III

Kayqubad III (Old Anatolian Turkish: كَیقُباد سوم or ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kayqubād bin Farāmurz; Persian: علاء الدین کیقباد بن فرامرز) was briefly sultan of the Sultanate of Rum between the years of 1298 and 1302. He was a nephew of the deposed Mesud II and had strong support among the Seljuks. As sultan he was a vassal of the Mongols and exercised no real power.

## Reign

He first appears circa 1283 as a pretender to the Seljuk throne. He was recognized by the Turkish Karamanids, but he was defeated by vizier Fakhr al-Din Ali and Kaykhusraw III and sought refuge in Cilician Armenia. Nothing is known of his movements again until 1298, when he was appointed to the sultanate by the Ilkhan Mahmud Ghazan upon the downfall of Masud II. He purged the Seljuq administration of his predecessor’s men with extreme violence and became deeply unpopular; as a result when he visited the Ilkhan in 1302, he was executed and replaced with his predecessor Mesud II in order to keep the peace.

## Sources

* ↑ Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history, trans. J. Jones-Williams, (New York: Taplinger, 1968) p. 294
* ↑ Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey, pp. 300f
# Margaret Warner Morley

Margaret Warner Morley (February 17, 1858, in Montrose, Iowa – December 12, 1923, in Washington, D.C.) was an American educator, biologist, and author of many children's books on nature and biology.

## Biography

Morley grew up in Brooklyn. She studied at State University of New York at Oswego and Hunter College. She continued her biology education at the Armour Institute (now the Illinois Institute of Technology) in Chicago and at the Woods Hole marine laboratory in Massachusetts. She worked as a teacher and was considered an expert in agriculture and beekeeping. She was most well known for her work as an illustrator, photographer, and author of books on nature.
As early as 1890 she visited Tryon, North Carolina with the painter Amelia Watson where she resided in the cottage of playwright William Gillette. She finally acquired her own home in Tryon where she lived for many years.
In one of her many trips she went to Europe to the Val Gardena the valley of toy carvers where she was inspired to write the novel Donkey John of the toy valley.
A collection of Morley's work is held at the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center in Hartford, Connecticut. The collection consists of travel logs and sketchbooks of rural North Carolina, and book manuscripts.
The North Carolina Museum of History owns a collection of original photographs that Morley donated to the museum in 1914.
Morley died on December 12, 1923.

## Drawings

Drawings by Morley from the original Val Gardena toys from Donkey John of the Toy Valley:

## Writings

* Iris art, A Song of Life Song of Life 1891
* Physical culture 1893
* Flowers and Their Friends 1897
* A few familiar flowers: how to love them at home or in school 1897
* Seed babies 1898
* Little Wanderers 1899
* The Honey Makers 1899
* Down north and up along 1900
* Wasps and their ways 1901
* Insect Folk 1903
* Little Mitchell, the Story of a Mountain Squirrel 1904
* The Renewal of Life: How and When to Tell the Story to the Young 1906
* Donkey John of the toy valley. Chicago A. C. McClurg & Co. 1909
* Grasshopper Land 1910
* The Carolina Mountains, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co (1913)
* Will o' the wasps 1913
* The Bee People 1914
* the Apple-Tree Sprite 1915
# Ambanja

Ambanja is a city and commune in northern Madagascar. According to 2018 census the population of Ambanja was 60,321.

## Geography

Ambanja is located on the northern berth of the Sambirano River and is crossed by the Route Nationale 6 (Antsiranana - Mahajanga and Antananarivo).
It is located at a road distance of 1 200 km north of Antananarivo and 237 km south-west of Antsiranana. The town belongs to the district of Ambanja, which is a part of Diana Region.
It is served by the local Ampampamena Airport and small, local, maritime harbour at Ankify that is the gate to the islands of Nosy Be and Nosy Komba

## Education

In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town has a permanent court and hospital. There is a technical & professional Lycee in Ambanja, and a school of agriculture.
The French international school is École Primaire Française d'Ambanja a.k.a. École primaire française Charles-Baudelaire.

## Religion

The town is seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ambanja (Cathedral of St. Joseph).

## Economy

The majority 60% of the population are farmers, while an additional 2% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is cocoa, while other important products are coffee, rice and vanilla. Industry and services provide employment for 26% and 2% of the population, respectively. Additionally fishing employs 10% of the population.

## Nature

* Manongarivo Reserve is situated at 35 km from Ambanja.
* Mahamanina Falls - at 14 km

## Sports

* USSK Ambanja
# Clomocycline

Clomocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. It is used to treat Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris.
# Trần Văn Đỗ

Trần Văn Đỗ (Vietnamese pronunciation:; 15 November 1903 – 20 December 1990) was a South Vietnamese intellectual and politician who served in both the governments of the State of Vietnam and South Vietnam as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister of South Vietnam. He was the younger brother of Trần Văn Chương, who served as the South Vietnamese ambassador to the United States in the early 1960s under the government of South Vietnam's first President Ngô Đình Diệm. He was also the uncle of then South Vietnam's First Lady Trần Lệ Xuân, commonly known as Madame Nhu. He was an outspoken critic of the Diệm's government, and in 1960, he was one of the main drafters of the Caravelle Manifesto, a public document, supported by many political factions of the South Vietnamese government demanding reform within Diệm's government.

## Early life

He was born on 15 November 1903 in Phủ Lý, Tonkin, French Indochina. He studied in France, obtained a medical doctor degree from the University of Paris.

## Political career

He decided not to sign the Geneva Agreement because he did not accept the division of Vietnam and on behalf of the Vietnamese National Delegation issued a separate statement:
"...the Vietnamese government requests the Conference to officially acknowledge that Vietnam solemnly opposes the signing of the Agreement and its provisions that do not respect the deep aspirations of the Vietnamese people. Request the Conference to acknowledge that the Government grants itself the right to complete freedom of action to protect the sacred rights of the Vietnamese people in the process of realizing Unification, Independence, and Freedom for the country."
He was then appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, but after only one year, withdrew in 1955. During the First Republic, he opposed President Ngô Đình Diệm's policies. He was one of 18 members of the Caravelle group to sign the petition, also known as the Caravelle Declaration to Ngô Đình Diệm, demanding government reform in April 1960.
In 1965, he served as Deputy Prime Minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister Phan Huy Quát and Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the premiership of Phan Huy Quát ended, he stepped down as Deputy Prime Minister, but continue on to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1965–1968) under the premiership of Prime Ministers Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and Nguyễn Văn Lộc.

## Life in exile

After the Fall of Saigon, he took asylum in France as a political refugee where lived quietly for the remainder of his life. He died on 20 December 1990, in Paris.

## Honour
### Foreign honour

* Thailand :
** Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Thailand (1965)
# Ian Fitzner-Leblanc

Ian Ryan Fitzner-Leblanc (born August 9, 1984, in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian curler.
As a junior curler, Fitzner-Leblanc skipped the Nova Scotia team at the 2005 Canadian Junior Curling Championships. There, he led his team to a 9-3 record, good enough for third place. This qualified the rink for the semi-final, where they lost to Ontario, skipped by Mark Bice.
After juniors, Fitzner-Leblanc formed a men's team. He won his first provincial championship in 2010, sending him and his rink to the 2010 Tim Hortons Brier, held in his hometown of Halifax. He led the Nova Scotian team to a 3-8 record, missing the playoffs.
Fitzner-Leblanc joined the Paul Flemming rink for the 2012-13 season, throwing fourth stones for the team. That season, Fitzner-Leblanc would play in his first Grand Slam event, the 2012 ROGERS Masters of Curling. The team also won the Nova Scotia men's championship, sending Fitnzer-Leblanc to his second Brier. At the 2013 Tim Hortons Brier, the team won just one game, finishing tied for last place. After the season, Flemming left the team, and Fitzner-Leblanc took over skipping duties.

## Personal life

He currently lives in Milton, Ontario.
# Phạm Đăng Lâm

Phạm Đăng Lâm (Vietnamese pronunciation:; 12 June 1918 – 2 June 1975) was a South Vietnamese diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Vietnam from November 1963 to January 1964 and again from November 1964 to February 1965. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1968 under Prime Minister Nguyễn Văn Lộc. He was the last South Vietnamese ambassador to the UK. He was known for being the chief negotiator on the South Vietnamese side in the 1973 Paris Peace Talks to end the Vietnam War and the co-existence of North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

## Early life

He was born on 12 June 1916 in Vĩnh Long, Cochinchina, French Indochina. He earned a Licentiate from the University of Hanoi and a graduate degree in Indochinese Higher studies of Law in 1955.

## Political career

He has been a diplomat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 1949, serving in both the State of Vietnam and South Vietnam.

### Paris Peace Accords

On the morning of 27 November 1972 Lâm met with the head of the U.S. Delegation of the Paris Peace Accords, William J. Porter to discuss the drafting of the Peace documents. After the meeting Porter reported to Henry Kissinger regarding Lâm's thought,
    "He [Lâm] stressed need for preparing Saigon psychologically for draft agreement. He said that when agreement was presented in Saigon by you, it had come as a ‘bomb’ because Ambassador Bunker had briefed President Thiệu that October 8–11 meetings had produced indications of serious DRV intention to negotiate and willingness to separate military from political issues, but nothing more than this bare outline. Thus when draft agreement was presented as best which would be achieved at that time, Saigon leadership did not understand fully why the United States believed that to be so."
    "Lâm said question of U.S. public opinion and Congressional support is major factor which had not been grasped earlier by Saigon, and that you also said some very important things about US/SVN relationships after conclusion of the accord. If these things had been grasped earlier by Saigon, they would have greatly helped the process of psychological preparation."
At the Paris Peace Accords, regarding both North Vietnam and South Vietnam, Lâm stresses that such co-existence must be based on mutual respect and the right of the people of North and South Vietnam to follow whatever paths they have chosen. He added that this also meant North and South Vietnam could have friendly relations with neighboring countries. If the Paris Peace Accords live up to its role, Lâm states "The solidarity of Southeast Asia will then become a living reality." According to Lâm, for peace and solidarity to occur in Southeast Asia, it requires work and effort from everyone worldwide to maintain it.

## Personal life

In addition to his native Vietnamese, Lam was also fluent in French and English.
He died on 2 June 1975 in Paris after a long battle with an illness.
# Carlos Alós-Ferrer

Carlos Alós-Ferrer (born November 22, 1970, in Moncofa, Spain) is a neuroeconomist, decision theorist, and game theorist, a full professor of economics at Lancaster University (U.K.), and the current editor in chief of the Journal of Economic Psychology. He is also a regular contributor to Psychology Today, where he writes about Decisions and the Brain.
He holds a M.Sc. in mathematics from the University of Valencia (Spain, 1992) and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Alicante (Spain, 1998). He has been assistant professor at the University of Vienna (Austria, 1997–2002), associate professor at the University of Salamanca (Spain, 2002–2004), and associate professor at the University of Vienna (2004–2005). He became a full professor of microeconomics at the University of Konstanz (Germany, 2005) and later moved to the University of Cologne (Germany, 2012). From 2018 to 2024, he was professor of decision and neuroeconomic theory at the University of Zurich (endowed by the NOMIS foundation). In 2024, he moved to Lancaster University Management School as Chair in Economics.
Alós-Ferrer has worked extensively in game theory, bounded rationality, social choice, and behavioral economics. From 2012 to 2018, he was speaker of the interdisciplinary research unit "Psychoeconomics," which used methods from psychology, economics, and neuroscience to study human decision making, and was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Since January 2019, he is the editor in chief of the Journal of Economic Psychology. His research interests are neuroeconomics, decision theory, game theory, and evolution and learning in games and markets.

## Selected publications

* Alós-Ferrer, Carlos, Jaume García-Segarra, and Alexander Ritschel (2022). Generous with Individuals and Selfish to the Masses, Nature Human Behaviour, 6, pp. 88-96. .
* Alós-Ferrer, Carlos, Ernst Fehr, and Nick Netzer (2021). Time Will Tell: Recovering Preferences when Choices are Noisy, Journal of Political Economy, 29 (6), pp. 1828-1877.
* Alós-Ferrer, Carlos (2018). A Review Essay on Social Neuroscience: Can Research on the Social Brain and Economics Inform Each Other?, Journal of Economic Literature, 56 (1), pp. 234–264.
* Alós-Ferrer, Carlos and Klaus Ritzberger (2016). The Theory of Extensive Form Games. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-662-49942-9.
* Achtziger, Anja and Carlos Alós-Ferrer (2014). Fast or Rational? A Response-Times Study of Bayesian Updating, Management Science, 60 (4), pp. 923–938.
* Achtziger, Anja, Carlos Alós-Ferrer, Sabine Hügelschäfer, and Marco Steinhauser (2014). The Neural Basis of Belief Updating and Rational Decision Making, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9 (1), pp. 55–62.
* Alós-Ferrer, Carlos and Nick Netzer (2010). The Logit-Response Dynamics, Games and Economic Behavior, 68 (2), pp. 413–427.
# Masonjoany

Masonjoany (Malagasy pronunciation:) (or msindanu or msindzano in Comoros and Mayotte) is a cosmetic paste and sunscreen made of ground wood. It is worn as a protective and decorative mask by women and girls in Madagascar, Comoros, and Mayotte. In Madagascar, the paste has yellow and white forms, with yellow masonjoany being derived from the wood of the tabàky or Madagascar sandalwood (Coptosperma madagascarensis), and white masonjoany deriving from the wood of the aviavy or fihamy tree (Ficus grevei). In Comoros, the most commonly used tree for msindzano is Indian sandalwood (Santalum album), producing a "canary yellow" paste. The wood is ground against a surface of ceramic, stone, or coral skeleton, and combined with water and oil to make the paste. The practice in Madagascar originates from cultural exchange in Nosy Be between Malagasy natives and Indian merchants, who first arrived to the island in the 11th century CE.
Masonjoany is both protective and decorative: women wear it as sunscreen and insect repellent, and sometimes paint it in natural and abstract designs with a mix of contrasting white and yellow pastes. Common motifs in decorative masonjoany include flowers, stars, and leaves. Other benefits associated with masonjoany in Madagascar include anti-aging, eliminating skin impurities, and cleansing the skin. Other benefits ascribed in Comoros include the lightening of skin as well as treatment of medical ailments like eczema, acne, and allergies.
Masonjoany in Madagascar is also worn for religious rituals and beauty pageants. Molecular biologist Gianfranco Rasuelo reported that a Malagasy woman he had met on the street had told him that yellow masonjoany was spread on the faces of widows in mourning, but noted that this information is apocryphal. The paste is typical of Madagascar's Northwestern coastal region, particularly by Sakalava and Vezo women in the provinces of Nosy Be, Antsiranana, and Toliara—though it has spread throughout the island and can now be found adorning women's faces as far as the Central Highlands. Sakalava women wear yellow masonjoany when performing the Kahoitry ritual dance. The mask is ubiquitous throughout Mayotte, and is common, though waning in popularity, in Comoros.
# Hornbeker Mühlenbach

Hornbeker Mühlenbach is a 7 km (4.3 mi) long stream of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Its spring is near Niendorf an der Stecknitz and after passing a V-shaped valley it reaches its mouth near Hornbek into Elbe–Lübeck Canal. The river is crossing the Old Salt Route at the Mühlendamm.
It had special significance because it was part of the Limes Saxoniae since 810, which had been the border between the Abodriti and the Saxons.
# Alfa 5

Alfa 5 Segurança Industrial e Patrimonial SARL is a private security company in Angola. It is majority owned by ENDIAMA and holds over half of the security contracts with Angolan diamond companies.

## History

Alfa 5 was founded in 1993 in partnership with senior or retired military officials or their close relatives for the purpose of providing security to ENDIAMA's diamond mines against criminals and UNITA rebels. These military and ex-military officials on the Alfa-5 board included then-General César Pugliese, Rui Carlos Sousa Gaio, the wife of then-FAA chief-of-staff General Agostinho Fernandes Nelumba, and the brother of former FAA chief-of-staff General João de Matos. The name refers to five Portuguese-speaking African countries where its namers hoped it would eventually operate.
Since its founding, Alfa 5 developed into a security company of its own, offering services to firms outside of ENDIAMA as well. By the late 90s, Alfa 5 was one of the largest security firms in Angola alongside Teleservice and K&P Mineira.
In 2021, ENDIAMA began looking to sell Alfa 5, but struggled to find a buyer.

### Human rights abuses

In the early 2000s, employees of Alfa 5 were accused of multiple human rights abuses including unlawful killings of protesters, striking miners, and garimpeiros in places such as Luremo and Cuango, and of flexing connections to the military leaders on the Alfa 5 board to avoid consequences.
In response to this, General Director of Alfa 5 Francisco Borges Guerra said that Alfa 5's "operations are decentralized", that its leadership did not give such orders, and that "if the individuals should adopt that behavior, it is on their individual conscience. It is what happens a little in those areas. ... I don't believe that this behavior is generalized among our men, but I do not want to overlook those individual cases which could blemish the company's good name. We do have some sad examples."
In 2023, Alfa 5's Head of Commercial Development, António Pedro Bartolomeu, told O País reporters that Alfa 5 would like to hire ex-police and ex-military personnel to ensure better discipline, but there aren't enough available.

## Services

Alfa 5 focuses on combining human security and electronic systems. It offers security for industrial sites and information centers, transportation of valuable cargo, demining, and security systems including alarms, armored doors, and safe deposit boxes.

## Clients

Alfa 5 reportedly has clients such as:
* Empresa Nacional de Diamantes E.P. (ENDIAMA)
* Sociedade de Desenvolvimento Mineiro de Angola (SDM)
* Ministry of Finance (MINFIN)
* Administração Geral Tributária (AGT)
* National Bank of Angola (BNA)
* Clínica Sagrada Esperança (CSE)
# Ánirnar

Ánir, also Ánirnar [ˈɔanɪɹnaɹ] (Danish: Åerne) is a village in the Faroe Islands on the northern island of Borðoy. In 2007 it had a population of 16, but with the expansion of the area with the new apartments above the old settlement the population has increased to 55 in 2013.

## General

Ánir lies about 3 km north of the northern isles' capital Klaksvík on the west coast of Borðoy and was founded in 1840, as the increasing population demanded more land for cultivation. Facing the village is the southern tip of the island of Kunoy. The road through Ánir continues to Strond and then crosses the causeway to the island of Kunoy to continue to the villages of Haraldssund and Kunoy. High over Ánir is the entrance of a road tunnel to Árnafjørður and on to the island of Viðoy.
As of 1 January 2007 Ánir had 16 inhabitants, in 2013 it had 55 inhabitants. Its Postal Code is FO-726. It belongs to the Municipality of Klaksvík. There are two streets: the four houses of the original village are at the main road to Kunoy (Ánavegur) and 15 modern villas have been built in 2009 at a new road called Edmundstrøð (N° 1–28).
The Faroese word ánir is a rare variant of vánir and means 'forecasts, prospects, hopes'.

## Swallowed by Klaksvík?

The old settlement of Ánir consists of just the small cluster of houses shown in the images in this article. This tranquil and more or less picturesque aspect of Ánir was lost when in 2005 the new freight harbour of Klaksvík (also called the Ánir Cargo Terminal or Norðhavnin) was built right in front of the settlement. This harbour has 200 metres of quayside, 12 m deep, with 30,000 sqm of storage area for containers, a cold storage facility and a 30 m wide roll-on/roll-off ramp. Additionally, a real estate development involving the construction of 15 modern villas on Edmundstrøð at Ánir's entrance has affected the visual aspect of the village. It could be argued that Ánir has been sacrificed for the growth of Klaksvík and has become part of Klaksvík's outskirts. Today the "old Ánir" looks half-abandoned and out of place in its current setting, with broken down cars parked haphazardly and rubbish lying around. There are no shops or other facilities.
The extension of Klaksvík's port in recent years is a direct consequence of the opening in 2006 of a sub-sea road tunnel between Borðoy and the Faroe's main islands. This tunnel has generated new economic opportunities for Klaksvík. The Port of Klaksvík recently signed a contract with Smyril Line on the use of Ánir as an alternative terminal for the ferry Norröna.

## Photos

* The old part of the village
* Ánir
# Borðoy

Borðoy (Faroese pronunciation:, Danish: Bordø) is an island in the north-east of the Faroe Islands. Its name means 'headland island'. There are eight settlements: Klaksvík (the second largest town in the Faroes), Norðoyri, Ánir, Árnafjørður, Strond, Norðtoftir, Depil and Norðdepil.

## History

There are also three abandoned settlements: Skálatoftir, Múli and Fossá, all in the north. Múli was one of the remotest settlements in the Faroes – there was no road link until 1989, before which goods had to be brought in via helicopter or boat. The last people left in 1994.
A Klaksvík museum bought the Fossá area in 1969 with the plan of turning it into a typical Faroese Medieval village, though the plan never came to fruition.

## Important Bird Area

The northern and south-eastern headlands of the island have been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of their significance as a breeding site for seabirds, especially European storm petrels (250 pairs) and black guillemots (200 pairs).

## Mountains

The island has five mountains: Lokki (755 m), Háfjall (647 m), Borðoyarnes (392 m), Depilsknúkur (680 m), and Hálgafelli (503 m).