OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lidzbark Castle

The Lidzbark Castle (Polish: Zamek w Lidzbarku, German: Burg Heilsberg), officially known as Lidzbark Bishops' Castle, is a fortified castle and palace from the 14th century located in the town of Lidzbark Warmiński, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is one of the most precious Gothic structures in the country and a popular destination for holidaymakers.

## Description

The palatial stronghold in Lidzbark Warmiński, which for centuries was the largest town in Warmia, is located by the estuary of the river Symsarna with the river Łyna. The stronghold is encircled by a defensive moat. An additional "dry moat" encircled the local living quarters located close to the stronghold - all of the defensive structures survive except the northern-moat, where the castle's windmill was once located.
The castle was built on a plan of a square formation, with 48,5 metre long walls. A fourteen level tower is located in the north-east wing of the castle. The lower part of the tower, built in a square structure has posterns - while the upper part of the tower is octagonal. The other four corners of the castle have small square decorational towers, whose design changed throughout the centuries. The castle courtyard is made up of two levels - both with cloisters; these are the only historical cloisters in Poland which have not architecturally changed. The stronghold has aspects relating to the Teutonic Order, whose architectural style can be both seen in the castle's courtyard but also traced in the representative level of the castle in: the chapel; the small and big refectory; in the capitulary; common hall; and in the bishops' chambers. The castle serves as one of the main attractions of the town and regularly hosts cabaret events in the Autumn months.

## History

The castle was built between 1350-1401 as the seat of the Warmian bishops, later going into the hands of the Teutonic Order. The Teutonic Knights lost the castle in 1466, after the Second Peace of Toruń - the fortress was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth up until 1795 (after the Third Partition of Poland; where behind the castle walls artistic life thrived. In 1794, Ignacy Krasicki, the last residing bishop, left the castle. His successors - bishops Karol and Józef Hohenzollern - moved to Oliwa. In 1963, the castle became the premises of the Branch of the Museum of Warmia and Masuria in Olsztyn.
# Cerreto Sannita

Cerreto Sannita (Italian pronunciation:; Campanian: Cerrìte) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 25 km northwest of Benevento.
Cerreto Sannita borders the following municipalities: Cusano Mutri, Guardia Sanframondi, Morcone, Pietraroja, Pontelandolfo, San Lorenzello, San Lupo.
The town was completely destroyed by the 1688 Sannio earthquake, and rebuilt in a different position.
# Stancil Johnson

Stancil E. D. Johnson (1933–2021) was a psychiatrist and frisbee enthusiast.
He was a member of the International Frisbee Hall of Fame and the Disc Golf Hall of Fame.
He is considered a pioneer in competitive disc golf and the history of the sport. In 1975, he wrote Frisbee: a Practitioner's Manual and Definitive Treatise. At the time of his death he was working on a book about disc golf.
Between 2000–2007, he was the first instructor at California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB) to teach a disc golf class.
In 2006, the inaugural West Coast College Open at CSUMB was held, and the tournament trophy presented to the winning team was named, "The Stancil Johnson Cup."
In 2009, the two disc golf courses at CSUMB were renamed "The Stancil Courses at CSU Monterey Bay, featuring Cypress and Oaks" in honor of his contributions.
He is quoted as having said, "When a ball dreams, it dreams it's a frisbee."
# Chocolate fish

A chocolate fish or choccy fish is a traditional confectionery item in New Zealand. In New Zealand culture, it is a common reward for a job done well ("Give that kid a chocolate fish").
Chocolate fish have a conventional fish-shape and a length of 5 to 8 centimetres (2.0 to 3.1 in). They are made of pink or white marshmallow covered in a thin layer of milk chocolate. The ripples or "scales" on the fish are created simply by the fish moving under a blower; this slides the unset chocolate back, creating the illusion of scales on the fish.
Several manufacturers make the fish; the most well-recognised is Cadbury. Smaller, or "fun-sized" variants of the chocolate fish are colloquially referred to as "sprats". Variants of the traditional item exist; a common version is made of solid orange-flavoured milk chocolate.

## History

Chocolate fish have been made since at least 1903, though early varieties may not have included marshmallow. Marshmallow-based chocolate fish were being produced in Dunedin in 1937. For a short period in the late 1990s to early 2000s, Tip Top sold a chocolate fish ice-cream. In 2019, the chocolate fish was added to the Cadbury Favourites box.
In 1970, Ron Barclay, Member of Parliament for New Plymouth, asked a question in Parliament about the price of chocolate fish.
Cadbury stopped producing 20g chocolate fish in 2023, stating that they had become less popular with consumers. They continued to include 'sprats' in Favourites boxes. As of 2024, local company Queen Anne produces a 50g fish and 14g fish that it calls 'fish bites', and other companies also sell variations.
# 'O surdato 'nnammurato

"'O surdato 'nnammurato" (pronounced; transl. "The Soldier in Love") is a famous song written in the Neapolitan language. The song is used as the anthem of S.S.C. Napoli.
The words were written by Aniello Califano and the music composed by Enrico Cannio in 1915. The song describes the sadness of a soldier who is fighting at the front during World War I, and who pines for his beloved. Originally Cannio's sheet music was published with piano accompaniment, but in recordings, on 78rpm, then LP, Neapolitan standards such as "'O surdato 'nnammurato" have usually been orchestrated to suit each tenor.

## Lyrics

The Corrs when performing with Luciano Pavarotti used the following English lyrics for the second verse:
    So many nights without you
    without you in my arms
    I can kiss you, I can draw you close to me
    but wake up from your slumber
    you make me cry for you!

## Notable performances and recordings

* Mario Lanza on Mario! (1958)
* Sergio Franchi on Romantic Italian Song (1962; #17 on the Billboard Top 200)
* Franco Corelli on Passione (1963)
* Giuseppe di Stefano on Neapolitan Songs III (1965)
* Massimo Ranieri, based on Anna Magnani's performance in the film La sciantosa (1971)
* Luciano Pavarotti on Favourite Neapolitan Songs (1981)
* Luciano Pavarotti in duet with the Corrs (middle verse sung in English)
* Andrea Bocelli on Incanto (2008)
* Vittorio Grigolo on Arrivederci (2011)

## In other media

* Ninì Grassia [it] directed a film named after the song [it] in 1983.
# St. Paul Church (New York City)

The Church of St. Paul is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located in the East Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The sixth parish established in New York City, it was designated a New York City Landmark on June 28, 2016.

## History

Before 1834 the only Catholic north of Canal Street was St. Patrick's Old Cathedral. Rev. James Walsh and others said Mass in houses and barns in the outlying areas when a congregation could be gathered. Bishop John Dubois decided to establish a parish on 117th Street and asked Rev. Michael Curran to take charge. Curran had been a missionary in the mountains of Pennsylvania and had come highly recommended by Father Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin. His knowledge of Gaelic served him well among his widely scattered parishioners. The cornerstone of St. Paul's church was set June 29, 1835. In 1843, Curran resigned the pastorate in order to return to Ireland for a time.
During Fr. Maguire's tenure the church was substantially enlarged and rededicated by Archbishop John McCloskey on July 9, 1871. Dr. McQuirk had the old school demolished in 1905 and a new one built on the site. While a new church was being built, services were held in the school auditorium. A new rectory was also built. The demographics of the area, which had been predominantly Irish, gradually changed to reflect more Spanish speaking Catholics. Msgr. Drew initiated a Spanish program.
It has been staffed by the Institute of the Incarnate Word Fathers since 1998. In 1892, the parish address was 121 E 117th St. In 2015 the parish of Holy Rosary was merged with St. Paul's.

### Pastors

* Fr. Michael Curran, 1834-1843
* Fr. John Walsh, 1843-1853
* Fr. George R. Brophy, 1853-1866
* Fr. Eugene Maguire, 1866-1883
* Fr. John McQuirk D.D., 1883-1924
* Fr. Thomas F. Kane, 1924-1940
* Msgr. Cornelius J. Drew, 1940-1943
* Msgr. John c. Mulcahy, 1943-1946
* Rev. James V. Hart, 1946-
* Fr. Ray Burn 1964-

### Building

The church is of brick over a steel frame, with a limestone façade. Completed in 1908, it was designed in the Romanesque Revival style by the firm of Neville & Bagge. During Fr. Kane's tenure a marble altar rail and a solid oak reredos were installed.

## St. Paul's School

In 1870 Father Eugene Maguire established the parish school, which was under the care of the Sisters of Charity of New York. Since 1850 the Sisters, from the mother house at McGowan's Pass, had taught catechism at St. Paul's. The Carmel Hill Program, established by philanthropist Aiden Ruane provides tuition assistance to over 30 students.
# New York City Food Riot of 1917

The New York City Food Riot of 1917 were a series of demonstrations and riots which began on February 19, 1917, after a mob composed mostly of women confronted store and pushcart owners over the raising of prices following the shortages of World War I.

## History

Ida Harris, president of the socialist Mothers Vigilance Committee, and anarchist labour organizer Marie Ganz, led the crowds through Manhattan's Lower East Side. After another gathering on February 20, Ganz was arrested for "failing to comply with orders to stop stirring up the crowd."
On February 22, the women stormed the city's poultry markets, assaulting customers and destroying chickens.
On February 24, thousands of New Yorkers marched on Madison Square, where "several high-profile speakers addressed the crowd."
The food riots were effective in that "by the beginning of March, the city responded to the crisis by securing thousands of pounds of low-cost produce and wholesalers lowered prices." Although this succeeded in ending the riots, food prices continued to "fluctuate sharply throughout the war."
# Jaggermeryx

Jaggermeryx is an extinct genus of semiaquatic anthracothere, ungulates related to hippopotamuses, from the Early Miocene Moghara Formation in Egypt. The genus was named after Mick Jagger.

## Etymology

Its genus name, Jaggermeryx is derived from Jagger, after Mick Jagger, and meryx, the Greek word means ruminant, which is common suffix for genus name of artiodactyls. Species name, naida is derived from Naias, the Greek word means water nymph.
It was named after Mick Jagger, lead singer for The Rolling Stones, because of its oversized lips. There was some debate among the team as to whether it should instead be named after Angelina Jolie. "Some of my colleagues suggested naming the new species after Hollywood star Angelina Jolie, because she also has famous lips," said lead author Ellen Miller. It was eventually settled to name the species after Jagger when co-author Gregg Gunnell sided with Miller.

## Discovery

The first fossils of the species were described in a monograph published by a French scientist in 1918. It was not until 2014, however, that the fossils were identified as a unique species from further specimens collected at Wadi Moghra in the Qattara Depression of Egypt. The fossils have been deposited at the Cairo Geological Museum, Cairo University, and Duke University.
At the site, six species of anthracotheres were discovered, but this sample was unlike other family members because of "a series of tiny holes on either side of its jaw that held the nerves providing sensation to the chin and lower lip."
The National Science Foundation supported the research.

## Description

The size of a small deer, J. naida probably looked somewhat like a skinny hippopotamus out-crossed with a long-legged pig. Fossilized jawbones contain a number of mental foramina, eight on each side of the jaw, indicating that the species had very sensitive lips and a mobile snout.

## Habitat

J. naida lived in the Qattara Depression around 19 million years ago, during the early Miocene. At that time the area, which is currently arid, was a tropical swamp. Jaggermeryx fossils have been found alongside those of catfish, turtles, and waterbirds, as well as six other species of anthracotheres and a number of crocodile coprolites.

## Paleobiology

The species was herbivorous, feeding on grasses and plants beside the water. Judging by the low oxygen isotope values of its teeth, J. naida is believed to have been semiaquatic, likely spending most of the time when it was not feeding in the water, not unlike a hippopotamus.
# Chakravarti Sulibele

Chakravarty Sulibele (born 9 April 1980) is an Indian writer and political activist who predominantly writes in the Kannada and Hindi languages. He is the founder of Yuva Brigade and Sodari Nivedita Pratishtana.

## Early life

Sulibele was born on 9 April 1980 in Honnavar. He worked as chief editor for Hosa Svatantryada Belaku. He later worked as managing editor for Garva, a weekly tabloid, and was a regular columnist in Vijaya Karnataka for more than two years and still writing columns for Vijayavani, Hosa Diganta, Samyukta Karnataka, Karmaveera, Viveka sampada and some other magazines. He writes columns in Vijayavani under the name "Vishwaguru".

## Organization

Sulibele is the founder of 'Yuva Brigade', an organization involved in educating the youth on the contribution of soldiers to the nation, and patriotism.

## Political activities

In the run-up to the 2019 general elections he founded Team Modi, working on a mission to re-elect Narendra Modi as Prime Minister. He toured all 28 districts of Karnataka State.

## Notable works

Books written
* Apratima Desha bhakta Swatantra Veer Savarkar (1883 - 1966) (Kannada)
* Neharu Parade Sariyitu
* Swatantrya Mahasangrama - 1857 Ondu Vakchitra
* Pepsi – coke antaraala (ಪೆಪ್ಸೀ – ಕೋಕ್ ಅಂತರಾಳ)
* Mera bharat mahaan (ಮೇರಾ ಭಾರತ್ ಮಹಾನ್)
* Gadar Chalavali (2015)
* Bharata bhakta Vidyananda
* Jago Bharat - three parts
* Kargil Kadana Kathana (ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್ ಕದನ ಕಥನ)
* Vishwa Guru Bharatha Series 1-2
* Saradaara
Books translated
* Bharata mateya kare
* Go Chikitse
* Swadeshi mattu bharateeyate
# Abia, Lesotho

Abia is a constituency and community council in the Maseru Municipality located in the Maseru District of Lesotho. The population in 2006 was 17,449.

## Villages

The community of Abia includes the villages of Ha 'Nelese, Ha Abia, Ha Bosofo, Ha Joele, Ha Lesia, Ha Mapetla, Ha Matala, Ha Nkhahle, Ha Penapena, Ha Raleboela, Khongoana-Ntšo, Khubelu, Liraoeleng, Makhoakhoeng, Mapeseleng, Masianokeng, Matala Phase I, Shalabeng and Tšieng.
# Malika Umazheva

Malika Umazheva (1937–2002), a former school teacher, was the former head of the pro-Moscow administration of the Chechen village Alkhan-Kala. Umazheva was an outspoken critic of unlawful zachistka ("cleansing") raids that Russian forces conducted in her village and had had several confrontations with high-ranking Russian federal officers in the months prior to her death. She also worked closely with the Russian-Chechen Friendship Society.
According to the group Memorial's investigators, Umazheva was killed by a group of Russian special forces soldiers wearing camouflage uniforms and armed with VSS Vintorez silenced sniper rifles, who arrived at the village in an armoured vehicle and a military truck on the night of 29–30 November 2002. The soldiers broke into her home, where she lived with her son and two adopted daughters, and took her outside. Umazheva's body was discovered by the villagers soon after.
On 4 December 2002 a correspondent for Radio Liberty reported:
   "More than 4,000 residents of the Chechen Republic gathered today for the funeral of Malika Umazheva in the settlement of Alkhan-Kala, and almost all of them signed an appeal to the [pro-Moscow] leadership and procuracy of the republic asking that they locate and punish those guilty of murdering a courageous Chechen woman who, despite all the threats from the Russian special services, the MVD, and the soldiers of the Combined Group of Forces in Chechnya, always stood in defense of the rights of the populace of Alkhan-Kala, documenting all illegal actions committed by the soldiers during their many special operations and raids on that population point."
Her friend Anna Politkovskaya, in a tribute to her in Novaya Gazeta the next day, called her "a true heroine" and said the chief of the General Staff, General Anatoly Kvashnin, "hated her so much that he invented the vilest stories about her... And she? She... sued him in court, knowing perfectly well that almost everyone is afraid of him.... But Kvashnin does not forgive those who do not fear him."
# Zapotin

Zapotin is a natural chemical compound, classified as a flavone, isolated from white sapote (Casimiroa edulis).
Several recent in vitro studies have shown that zapotin has potential anti-carcinogenic effects against isolated colon cancer cells.
# Apatodon

Apatodon is a dubious genus of dinosaur that may have been a theropod. The type, and only species, A. mirus, was named in 1877 by Othniel Charles Marsh. It was found in the Late Jurassic-aged Morrison Formation of Colorado.

## History

When Marsh named Apatodon in 1877, he thought it was a jaw with a tooth from a Mesozoic pig, but it was soon shown that the specimen was an eroded vertebra, from a dinosaur possibly from the Morrison Formation of Garden Park, Colorado. Baur (1890) correctly identified that Marsh (1877) had misidentified the neural spine as the tooth of a pig-like animal.
Apatodon was assigned to Iguanodontoidea by Hay in 1902, to Ornithischia by von Huene in 1909, to Stegosauridae by von Zittel in 1911, and to Titanosaurinae by Steel in 1970, and also Casanovas et al. in 1987. (Kuhn in 1939 also listed Apatodon as a sauropod).
The only recovered specimen is not regarded as sufficient to identify a particular species of dinosaur. However, George Olshevsky considered Apatodon to be synonymous with the contemporaneous Allosaurus fragilis. The issue is now beyond resolution; however, as the type bone fragment has been lost.

## Etymology

The name Apatodon is derived from Greek: απατη ("trick", "deceit") and οδους (genitive οδοντος) ("tooth", in reference to its original, incorrect identification).
# Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República) is the unicameral legislative body of the Republic of Mozambique, established in 1977.
The current parliament has 250 members, who are directly elected through a system of party-list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Parties must receive at least five percent of the vote nationally to gain parliamentary representation. Parliamentary debates and business are conducted entirely in Portuguese. Three parties are represented in the parliament: FRELIMO, RENAMO and the Democratic Movement of Mozambique. After the 2014 election, RENAMO MPs have refused to take office, since the party considered the electoral act had been fraudulent, but they resumed their duties in February 2015.

## Presidents of the Assembly

The President of the Assembly is the second-highest figure in the state hierarchy of Mozambique, and will replace the President of Mozambique in case of incapacity. The permanent position of President of the Assembly was only established in 1986. Previously the position was filled by the President of the People's Republic of Mozambique.
| Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| Samora Machel | 1977 | 1986 | Ex officio |
| Marcelino dos Santos | 1986 | 1994 | |
| Eduardo Mulémbwè | 1994 | 2009 | |
| Verónica Macamo | 12 January 2010 | 13 January 2020 | |
| Esperança Bias | 13 January 2020 | 13 January 2025 | |
| Margarida Talapa | 13 January 2025 | Incumbent | |

## Latest election

| Party | Party | Seats | +/– |
| | FRELIMO | 171 | -13 |
| | PODEMOS | 43 | New |
| | RENAMO | 28 | –32 |
| | Democratic Movement of Mozambique | 8 | +2 |
| Total | Total | 250 | 0 |
| Source: Club of Mozambique ||||

## Historical composition

PODEMOS
  FRELIMO
  MDM
  RENAMO
  RENAMO–UE
  UD :
| 1977 | 226 |
| 1986 | 249 |
| 1994 | 129 112 9 |
| 1999 | 133 117 |
| 2004 | 160 90 |
| 2009 | 191 8 51 |
| 2014 | 144 17 89 |
| 2019 | 184 6 60 |
| 2024 | 43 171 8 28 |
# Ayo Bankole

Ayo Bankole (17 May 1935 – 6 November 1976) was a composer and organist from the Yoruba ethnic group in southwest Nigeria.

## Early life and education

Ayo Bankole was born in Jos, Nigeria, into a musical family: his father, Theophilus Abiodun Bankole was an organist and Choirmaster at St. Luke's Anglican Church in Jos. His mother was a music instructor for several years at Queen's School, Ede, Osun State, a Federal government high school.
Bankole studied in London at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. There he met drama student and poet Brian Edward Hurst and set one of Hurst's poems, "Children of the Sun", to music; this was performed at the Guildhall School in 1960. He also studied at Clare College, Cambridge and received a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship to study ethnomusicology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Musical career

Bankole returned to Nigeria in 1966 and was appointed Senior Producer in Music at the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation, Lagos, where he worked until 1969, after which he was appointed lecturer in music at the School of African and Asian Studies, University of Lagos.
He worked as a music educator, composer, choral conductor, performer and musicologist with independent choral groups, including the Choir of Angels (students from three high schools in Lagos: Reagan Memorial, Lagos Anglican Girls Grammar School, and the Methodist Girls High School), Lagos University Musical Society, Nigerian National Musico-Cultural Society, and the Chapel of the Healing Cross Choir, all in Lagos. He wrote much Christian liturgical music in the Yoruba language and his compositions show elements of both traditional Nigerian music and Western classical music. He also composed theme songs for some Nigerian television drama series.

## Murder

In 1976, Bankole was brutally murdered at the age of 41 with his wife while at their home in Lagos by a member of the cartel in Chicago he had made a song about.
# Andreas Flocken

Andreas Flocken (born 6 February 1845 in Albersweiler, Rheinpfalz; died 29 April 1913 in Coburg) was a German entrepreneur and inventor.

## Life

Until 1868 Flocken worked for German company Heinrich Lanz AG in Mannheim. Then he worked for company Schoppers in Zeulenroda. Since 1879, Flocken and his family lived in Coburg. In 1880, Flocken started his own company in Coburg. The Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 by German inventor Andreas Flocken is regarded as the first real electric car of the world.

## Literature

* Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie. United Soft Media Verlag GmbH, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-8032-9876-8
* Halwart Schrader: Deutsche Autos 1885–1920. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-613-02211-7
# Hendersonville Shale

The Hendersonville Shale is a geologic formation in Tennessee. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.