OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waljit Dhillo

Waljit Dhillo FRCP FMedSci is an endocrinologist and a Professor of Endocrinology & Metabolism at the Imperial College London. He is the Director of Research at the Division of Medicine & Integrated Care at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and the Dean of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Academy. His research focuses on how the endocrine system controls body weight and reproductive functions.

## Early life and education

Dhillo studied at the St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, University of London. He received a BSc in biochemistry in 1991 and an MBBS in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics in 1994. He acquired a PhD in neuroendocrinology at the Imperial College in 2002.

## Career and research

Dhillo works at the Imperial College London, the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). Since 2023 he is the Scientific Director for Research Capacity and Capabilities at the NIHR Board. In 2024 he was appointed the NIHR Scientific Director for Research Capacity and Capabilities.
He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA), the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP), and the Royal College of Pathologists (FRCPath). He was awarded an NIHR Research Professorship in 2015 and appointed Senior Investigator in 2021. In 2024 he was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.
Dhillo's research focuses on how gut hormones regulate the feeling of hunger and the consequent amount of food intake. His research investigates the possible use of gut hormones as medicine that, when administered, would suppress appetite with less side effects than other drugs. More recently he researched the use of kisspeptin treatment for infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization, and the role of neurokinin B in the hot flush symptoms of menopausal women. His research paved the way for the development of fezolinetant, a drug for the treatment of hot flushes in menopause. He also takes part in the development of the drug MVT-602, a potential treatment for reproductive problems in women.
# Chesapeake Detention Facility

The Chesapeake Detention Facility (CDF), previously the Maryland Correctional Adjustment Center (MCAC), is a maximum level II (supermax or control unit) prison operated by the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services in Baltimore.
Since April 4, 2012, the state manages the facility under contract with the United States Marshals Service and does not hold state prisoners at CDF.
It was built in 1988, and is located at 401 East Madison Street in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Prior to February, 2011, inmates housed at MCAC were confined to their cells 23 hours a day Monday through Friday and 24 hours a day on Saturday and Sunday.
The State of Maryland now has a contract with the federal government to solely house federal pre-trial detainees. These federal detainees are not subjected to the supermax conditions that the prior state inmates were subjected to. Federal detainees recreate together both inside and outside every day of the week, eat together, and have access to phones.
Until June 2010, CDF also housed Maryland's death row inmates. Male death row inmates were housed at the North Branch Correctional Institution in Allegany County, Maryland from 2010 until death row was closed in 2014. Executions took place across the street from the MCAC at the former Maryland Penitentiary (now known as the Metropolitan Transition Center).
As with most prisons in Maryland, CDF is headed by a Warden, Assistant Warden, and a Chief of Security. Rules and regulations of the Division of Correction and CDF are enforced by uniformed correctional officers. Uniformed correctional officers consist of, in descending order of rank; Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, Sergeants, Correctional Officer II's, and Correctional Officer I's.
# Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke

The men's 100 metre backstroke was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had been introduced in 1908. In 1904 a 100-yard event was held. The competition was held from Tuesday July 9, 1912 to Saturday July 13, 1912.
Eighteen swimmers from seven nations competed.

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1912 Summer Olympics.
| World Record | 1:15.6 | Otto Fahr | Magdeburg (GER) | April 29, 1912 |
| Olympic Record | 1:24.6 | Arno Bieberstein | London (GBR) | July 17, 1908 |
The Olympic record fell during the very first heat. Harry Hebner's 1:21.0 in the first heat stood until Hebner raced again. In the first semifinal, he bettered his own new record with a 1:20.8. He was unable to match that pace in the final, but still took the win with a finish that was over 1 second faster than the second-place swimmer.

## Results
### Quarterfinals

The top two in each heat advanced along with the fastest loser overall.

#### Quarterfinal 1

| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Harry Hebner (USA) | 1:21.0 | QS OR |
| 2 | Otto Groß (GER) | 1:24.0 | QS |
| 3 | Åke Bergman (SWE) | 1:33.8 | |
| — | Oscar Schiele (GER) | DQ | |

#### Quarterfinal 2

| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Otto Fahr (GER) | 1:22.0 | QS |
| 2 | George Webster (GBR) | 1:29.4 | QS |
| 3 | Hugo Lundevall (SWE) | 1:46.8 | |
| — | János Wenk (HUN) | DQ | |

#### Quarterfinal 3

| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | András Baronyi (HUN) | 1:22.0 | QS |
| 2 | Paul Kellner (GER) | 1:26.0 | QS |
| 3 | Harry Svendsen (NOR) | 1:47.2 | |
| — | Oscar Grégoire (BEL) | DQ | |

#### Quarterfinal 4

| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Herbert Haresnape (GBR) | 1:27.0 | QS |
| 2 | Erich Schultze (GER) | 1:27.2 | QS |
| 3 | Gunnar Sundman (SWE) | 1:31.2 | qs |
| 4 | John Johnsen (NOR) | 1:34.2 | |

#### Quarterfinal 5

| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | László Szentgróthy (HUN) | 1:26.6 | QS |
| 2 | Frank Sandon (GBR) | 1:31.8 | QS |

### Semifinals

The top two from each heat and the faster of the two third place swimmers advanced.
Semifinal 1
| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Harry Hebner (USA) | 1:20.8 | QF OR |
| 2 | Otto Fahr (GER) | 1:21.8 | QF |
| 3 | András Baronyi (HUN) | 1:26.2 | qf |
| 4 | László Szentgróthy (HUN) | 1:26.4 | |
| 5 | Erich Schultze (GER) | | |
| 6 | George Webster (GBR) | | |
Semifinal 1
| Place | Swimmer | Time | Qual. |
| 1 | Otto Groß (GER) | 1:26.0 | QF |
| 2 | Paul Kellner (GER) | 1:26.2 | QF |
| 3 | Herbert Haresnape (GBR) | 1:26.8 | |
| 4 | Frank Sandon (GBR) | 1:32.2 | |
| — | Gunnar Sundman (SWE) | 1:35.0 | |

### Final

| Place | Swimmer | Time |
| 1 | Harry Hebner (USA) | 1:21.2 |
| 2 | Otto Fahr (GER) | 1:22.4 |
| 3 | Paul Kellner (GER) | 1:24.0 |
| 4 | András Baronyi (HUN) | 1:25.2 |
| 5 | Otto Groß (GER) | 1:25.8 |
# Rocco Chinnici

Rocco Chinnici (Italian pronunciation:, Sicilian:; 19 January 1925 – 29 July 1983) was an Italian anti-Mafia magistrate killed by the Sicilian Mafia.

## Life

Born at Misilmeri, Chinnici graduated in law at the University of Palermo in 1947 and started working as a magistrate in 1952 in Trapani. In 1966 he moved to the prosecutors office in Palermo. In November 1979, he became head of the Examining Office at the Palermo Court, following the murder of his predecessor, Cesare Terranova, by the Mafia. At the time the prosecution was separated in an examining phase (the so-called instruction phase) and a prosecuting phase.
Chinnici created the Antimafia Pool, a group of investigating magistrates who closely worked together sharing information to diffuse responsibility and to prevent one person from becoming the sole institutional memory and solitary target. The famous Antimafia magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino were part of the Antimafia Pool as well as Giuseppe Di Lello [it] and Leonardo Guarnotta [it]. The Antimafia pool laid the groundwork for the Maxi Trial against the Sicilian Mafia in 1986.
He was instrumental in reviving investigations into the Mafia and understood the need to bridge the gap between the judiciary and the rest of Sicilian society to create a counterculture against the Mafia and break down omertà, the law of silence that kept the Mafia alive. He frequently spoke out against the Mafia in public appearances and schools at a time when judges had avoided the word for many years.

## Death

On 29 July 1983, a car bomb explosion in Palermo killed Chinnici, two of his bodyguards, Mario Trapassi and Salvatore Bartolotta, and the concierge of his apartment block, Stefano Li Sacchi, as he left the house to go to work. The bomb was triggered by the notorious Mafia assassin Pino Greco, on the orders of his uncle Michele Greco. In 2002, Bernardo Provenzano, Salvatore Riina, Raffaele Ganci, Antonino Madonia, Salvatore Buscemi, Nenè Geraci, Giuseppe Calò, Francesco Madonia, Salvatore and Giuseppe Montalto, Stefano Ganci and Vincenzo Galatolo were sentenced in absentia to life imprisonment for ordering the murder of Chinnici. He was succeeded as Chief Prosecutor by Antonino Caponnetto.

## Biography

* Zingales, Leone (2006). Rocco Chinnici, l'inventore del pool antimafia (in Italian). Edizioni Limina.
# Cipayung, Depok

Cipayung is a town and an administrative district (kecamatan) within the city of Depok, in the province of West Java, Indonesia (not to be confused with the district of the same name in the city of East Jakarta). It covers an area of 11.375 km$^2$ and had a population of 127,917 at the 2010 Census and 171,600 at the 2020 Census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2023) is 184,930.

## Communities

Cipayung District is sub-divided into five urban communities (kelurahan) listed below with their areas and their officially-estimated populations as at mid 2022, together with their postcodes.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of kelurahan | Area in km$^2$ | Population mid 2022 estimate | Post code |
| 32.76.07.1001 | Cipayung (town) | 2.14 | 30,820 | 16437 |
| 32.76.07.1002 | Cipaying Jaya | 2.35 | 20,418 | 16437 |
| 32.76.07.1003 | Ratu Jaya | 3.05 | 41,264 | 16439 |
| 32.76.07.1004 | Bojong Pondok Terong | 2.20 | 36,698 | 16436 |
| 32.76.07.1005 | Pondok Jaya | 1.71 | 27,712 | 16438 |
| 32.76.07 | Totals | 11.45 | 156,912 $^{(a)}$ | |
Notes: (a) comprising 79,071 males and 77,841 females.
# Maxwell Maltz

Maxwell Maltz (March 10, 1899 – April 7, 1975) was an American cosmetic surgeon. author of Psycho-Cybernetics (1960), which was a system of ideas that he claimed could improve one's self-image leading to a more successful and fulfilling life. He wrote several books, among which Psycho-Cybernetics was a long-time bestseller — influencing many subsequent self-help teachers. His orientation towards a system of ideas that would provide self-help is considered the forerunner of the now popular self-help books.

## Life and career

Maxwell "Max" Maltz was born March 10, 1899, in Manhattan's Lower East Side, the third child of Josef Maltz and Taube Elzweig, Jewish immigrants from what was then known as the town of Resche in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (today Rzeszów, Poland).
In 1923, Maltz graduated with a doctorate in medicine from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He also undertook training under German plastic surgeons who were considered most advanced in cosmetic surgery at the time.
In 1960, Psycho-Cybernetics: A New Way to Get More Living out of Life was first published by Prentice-Hall and appeared in a pocket book edition by 1969. It introduced Maltz's views that people must have an accurate and positive view of themselves before setting goals; otherwise they will get stuck in a continuing pattern of limiting beliefs. His ideas focus on visualizing one's goals and he believed that self-image is the cornerstone of all the changes that take place in a person. According to Maltz, if one's self-image is unhealthy or faulty — all of a person's efforts will end in failure.
On February 10, 1966, Dr. Maltz married Ms. Anna Harabin (1909-1993), his longtime secretary.
Maltz also wrote fiction, including a play called Unseen Scar (1946) and a novel, The Time is Now (1975). His autobiography, Doctor Pygmalion: The Autobiography of a Plastic Surgeon (1953), was popular and influential, discussed in many subsequent books on body and identity. It was re-titled Doctor Psycho-Cybernetics after his self-help work was published.
Although Psycho-Cybernetics was first published in 1960, as of 2008 it is one of 50 recommended in the book 50 Self-Help Classics.
# Grand Bazaar, Isfahan

The Grand Bazaar (Persian: بازار بزرگ, transliterated: Bāzār-e Bozorg) is a market located in Isfahan, Iran, also known as the Qeysarriyeh Bazaar (بازار قيصريه), Qeysarie bazaar or Soltani bazaar.
The bazaar was one of the greatest and most luxurious trading centers during the Safavid era. It was built in 1620 on the northern side of Naqsh-e Jahan Square. It connects the Naqsh-e Jahan Square to the Kohneh Square and the Seljuk part of Isfahan.

## History

It was originally constructed during the 11th century on the southwest wing of the Jameh Mosque and Kohneh Square, but various arcades and rooms were later added.
The bazaar, one of the oldest and largest in the Middle East, dates to Seljuk and Safavid eras and is the longest roofed market in the world. The site has been destroyed several times before the current bazaar was constructed in the 17th century. The bazaar is a vaulted two-kilometre street linking the old city with the new.
In the Middle-East, bazaars were typically situated in close proximity to the mosque and the Isfahan Bazaar is no exception. The Bazaar of Isfahan is located in downtown old Isfahan, in the northern section of the Naqsh-e Jahan Square. The main entrance called Qeisarieh stretches through to Jameh Mosque, the oldest mosque in Isfahan, and one of the oldest in Iran.
# Władysław Ciastoń

Władysław Ciastoń (16 December 1924 – 4 June 2021) was a Polish state official. A member of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR) and Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), he served as Major General of Milicja Obywatelska and Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs. He also worked for the Ministry of Public Security and was Ambassador of Poland to Albania.

## Biography

Ciastoń was acting head of the Ministry of Public Security in Wrocław and Bolesławiec from 1947 to 1949. He also directed Department IV of the Committee of Public Security [pl] from March to November 1956. From 1959 to 1971, he worked in the mathematical department at the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was Director of the Security Service from 1981 to 1987 and was Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs from 1981 to 1987. In 1983, he was appointed Major General of Milicja Obywatelska.
In 1984, Ciastoń was a suspect in the murder of Father Jerzy Popiełuszko. He was arrested on 8 December 1984, but was acquitted thanks to intervention from the communist regime. Following the end of his ministerial term, he served as Ambassador of Poland in Tirana from 1987 to 1990. However, he was again arrested for Popiełuszko's murder on 8 October 1990 along with Zenon Płatek [pl]. He was acquitted for lack of evidence in 1994.
In 2019, Ciastoń was charged with suppressing the opposition in 1982 by unlawfully drafting them into the military. He was sentenced to two years in prison.
Władysław Ciastoń died in Warsaw on 4 June 2021 at the age of 96. On 14 June, he was buried at the Powązki Military Cemetery.

## Awards and decorations

* Order of the Banner of Labour, 1st Class
* Officer's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta
* Golden Cross of Merit (two times)
* Medal "For participation in the fights in defense of the people's power"
* Bronze Cross of Merit
* Golden Medal of Merit for National Defence
* Silver Medal of Merit for National Defence
* Medal of the 30th Anniversary of People's Poland
* Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland
* Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland
* Golden Badge "For merits in the protection of public order"
* Silver Badge "For merits in the protection of public order"
* Bronze Badge "For merits in the protection of public order"
* Golden Badge "In the Service of the Nation"
* Order of Friendship of Peoples (USSR)
# Itherther

Itherther is a deity in the mythology of the Kabyle people of Algeria. According to legend, Itherther was a buffalo who existed at the beginning of time, alone with a female calf called Thamuatz. Itherther and Thamuatz had come from a dark place beneath the earth called Tlam. They preferred the light of the earth to the darkness of Tlam and decided to stay. Itherther and Thamuatz had a son called Achimi, and a daughter. Achimi mated with his mother and sister and when Itherther found out, he fought with his son. Defeated, Itherther ran away. In time, with his semen, he created seven new species of animal.
# José Carlos Somoza

José Carlos Somoza Ortega (born 13 November 1959) is a Spanish author. He was born in Havana, Cuba. In 1960 his family moved to Spain after being exiled for being from a bourgeoisie class. His family proved to be in difficult financial situation after having moved to Spain because they had been forbidden to take anything along except their child. And there were a lot of friends who helped them a lot during their first years in Spain. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in psychiatry, but he gave up medicine in order to become a full-time writer in 1994. Since 1994 he made his first steps in writing and sent his works to the different literature competitions, to magazines and publishers all over Spain. And his first book was published the same year. When his fifth novel The Cave of Ideas obtained an international acknowledge, he realized that he had chosen the right route in his life.

## Works

* Planos (1994)
* El silencio de Blanca (1996)
* Miguel Will (1997) (play)
* Cartas de un asesino insignificante (1999)
* La ventana pintada (1999)
* La caverna de las ideas (2000; The Athenian Murders, 2002, shortlisted for the UK's Independent Foreign Fiction Prize, winner of the CWA Gold Dagger)
* Dafne desvanecida (2000; shortlisted for Spain's Nadal Prize)
* Clara y la penumbra (2001; The Art of Murder, 2004)
* La dama número trece (2003)
* La caja de marfil (2004)
* El detalle (tres novelas breves) (included : Planos, El detalle and La boca) (2005)
* Zig Zag (2006; Zig Zag, 2007)
* Fantasmas de papel (2007)
* La llave del abismo (2007)
* El cebo (2010)
* Tetrammeron : Los cuentos de Soledad (2012)
* La cuarta señal (2014)
* Croatoan (2015)
* El origen del mal (2018)
* Estudio en negro (2019)
* El signo de los diez (2022)

## Awards

* The Second Gabriel Sijé Short Story Award for "Planes" (1994)
* The Margarita Xirgu Prize for dramatic radio scripts, convened by Radio Exterior de España and the Ibero-American Cooperation Institute for his screenplay "Langostas" (1994)
* The Cervantes Theater Award (INAEM) for his play "Miguel Will" (1997)
* The Café Gijón Award for his novel "La ventana pintada" (1998)
* Finalist for the Nadal Prize for his novel "Dafne Desvanecida" (2000)
* Fernando Lara Novel Award for Clara y la penumbra (2001)
* The Hammett Prize of black novel with "Clara and the penumbra" (2002)
* The Macallan Gold Dagger For Fiction Award 2002, awarded by the Mystery Writers Association of the United Kingdom for his novel "The Cave of Ideas" (2002)
* Flintyxan Award for the best historical police novel, awarded to "The Cave of Ideas" by the Association of Swedish Novel Writers (2004)
* Special mention in the Premio Celsius 232 (to the best work of science fiction or fantasy of 2007 written in Spanish) for The Key of the Abyss (La llave del abismo) in the 21 Black Week of Gijón
* The The Key of the Abyss (La llave del abismo) received the Premio de Novela Ciudad de Torrevieja.
# C/1862 N1 (Schmidt)

C/1862 N1 (Schmidt), sometimes referred to as C/1862 N1 (Schmidt–Temple), is a non-periodic comet discovered by Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt on 2 July 1862.

## Observational history

The comet was discovered on 2 July 1862 Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt, then director of the National Observatory of Athens, and a few hours later was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel, at Marseille Observatory. The comet upon discovery was located in the constellation Cassiopeia and Schmidt described the comet as being tailess, with a coma 22 arcminutes across, and visible with naked eye. Temple estimated its magnitude to be 4–5. Schmidt observed the comet again of July 4 and noted a tail half a degree long.
The comet passed at a distance of 0.0982 astronomical units (14,690,000 km; 9,130,000 mi) from Earth on 4 July, marking the forth closest known approach of a comet to Earth in the 19th century. Consequently the comet moved away from both the Earth and the Sun, while brightening moonlight hampered observations. The comet was last observed with naked eye on 7 July. The comet faded rapidly throughout the month and it was last observed on 31 July.

## Meteors

The comet has been tentatively associated with the weak meteor shower ζ Arietids, observed between 13 and 25 August. The minimun orbital intersection distance between the comet and Earth is 0.028 AU.
# Lydia Bailey (novel)

Lydia Bailey (1947) is an historical novel by American writer Kenneth Roberts. It spent twelve weeks at the top of the list of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1947.
The book is set in the early 19th century during the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), with the action taking place in Haiti, France, and amongst the Barbary pirates from North Africa. Albion Hamlin, a young American, develops an obsession for Lydia Bailey, a woman he has never set eyes on.

## Film adaptation

In 1952 the novel was adapted as a film by the Hollywood studio 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Jean Negulesco, from a screenplay by Michael Blankfort and Philip Dunne. The filmmakers expanded the title role beyond the character's lesser position in the novel, and reduced the narrative. The film, produced in Technicolor, is set entirely on Haiti.
A number of actresses were suggested for the role of Bailey, including Micheline Presle, Jean Simmons, Linda Darnell, and Susan Hayward, before Anne Francis was cast in the part.
# Death on the Way

Death on the Way is a 1932 detective novel by the Irish writer Freeman Wills Crofts. It is the ninth in his series of novels featuring Inspector French, a prominent figure of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. It was published in the United States the same year by Harper under the alternative title Double Death.
The author drew on his own experience as a former railway engineer in creating the fictional project. In his next novel The Hog's Back Mystery he was to base the plot around a real-life road project.

## Synopsis

Contractors employed by the Southern Railway are working on a track widening scheme along the coast of Dorset. One evening one of the employees, a young engineer named Ronnie Ackerley is run over by a train on the route. The inquest initially considers it an accident, but subsequent information leads the local police to call in the assistance of Scotland Yard.
Inspector French's investigations establish quickly that it was indeed murder. A major scheme to defraud the railway company is also exposed, leading one of the employees to inflate the amount of work being done and pocket the difference. Then Carey, one of the other engineers, is found hanging in his office. The death is deemed a suicide and Carey is held responsible for both the fraud and for murdering Ackerley who was on the trail of uncovering it. This solution then unravels when French proves that Carey did not kill himself, but was also murdered.
# Solangi

Solangi (Punjabi:سولنگی, Sindhi: سولنگي) is a surname of Punjabi and Sindhi Muslims that is mostly found in Sindh and South Punjab. They are located in different districts of eastern Balochistan, southern Punjab and northern Sindh.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Abdul Karim Solangi, Pakistani artist
* Anwar Solangi, Pakistani television and radio perform
* Ghullam Hyder Mehjoor Solangi, Sindhi historian
* Murtaza Solangi, Pakistani journalist