OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Mansomine

The Battle of Mansomine (1886) was a military engagement fought near the village of Mansomine, Guinea-Bissau, between Portuguese colonial forces, commanded by Marques Geraldes, supported by Umbucu, and the forces of Fuladu, led by Musa Molo.

## Background

The situation in the region of Mansomine, north of the Geba River, was tense, with two enemy villages resisting Portuguese expansion. Operationally, Geraldes's plan was improvised, relying on the element of surprise. He gathered a small force of 20 marksmen, 70 native auxiliaries, five traders, and a single artillery piece before marching from Geba towards Umbucu in July 1886, who commanded 180 men to defend the border.

## Battle

On the morning of July 1886, Geraldes and his small force set off from Geba, traveling through difficult terrain. It took them eight hours to reach the camp of their ally, Umbucu, who commanded 180 men. They arrived at 9:00 AM and prepared for an afternoon attack, scheduled for 3:00 PM, after resting and scouting the area.
The enemy's defenses were formidable. The small village of Mansomine was fortified with large tree roots forming natural walls, and a moat surrounded it. Inside, enemy marksmen were positioned behind these barriers, with small openings to observe and fire at any approaching forces. The village was the forward post of a larger palisade, located across a large lagoon.
The Portuguese began their assault by using the artillery piece to break the enemy's defenses. However, it took two hours to destroy the structure due to the artillery's limited firing capacity, only four shots could be fired due to wet gunpowder. Despite the resistance, the defenders were mostly killed.
In an effort to avoid prolonged combat within the enemy's stronghold, Geraldes implemented a clever ruse. Part of the force feigned a retreat, drawing the enemy out of their position and into the open. Meanwhile, the rest of the force, commanded by traders João José Rosa and Domingos Gomes Araújo, flanked the enemy through the woods and crossed the lagoon at a shallow point. The flanking force attacked the main palisade from the rear, setting it ablaze.
By the time the enemy realized the trap, it was too late. Overcome by the disorganized pursuit of the retreating forces, they fled in panic. Many were killed in the final hand-to-hand combat and the subsequent confusion. The Portuguese suffered three dead and five wounded, while the enemy lost a significant number of men.

## Aftermath

The victory at Mansomine encouraged Geraldes, who proposed a combined operation to further secure the river's trade routes. However, the Governor, Gomes Barbosa, declined support, citing a lack of troops and resources. Undeterred, Geraldes, with the support of Umbucu, continued his campaign alone.
# Diapolo

Diapolo is a Hungarian clothing company specializing in swimwear for water polo, swimming and recreation for men and women. The name is a combination of the words diablo (meaning devil in Spanish) and polo (as in water polo). Their "dp" logo also feature a pair of devil horns and a pitchfork.

## History

Diapolo is established by Hungarian businessman dr. Zoltán Megyesi. The company was founded in 1997.

## Water polo sponsorships

Teams using Diapolo equipment are;

### National teams

* France men's and women's team
* Georgia men's and women's team
* Greece men's team
* Costa Rica men's team - from 2021
* Hungarian Water Polo Federation (Hungary men's and women's team) - from 2013
* Slovakia men's team

### Club teams

* Jug Dubrovnik
* FREM
* ASV Aachen (swimming)
* Poseidon Hamburg (swimming)
* Laatzen (swimming)
* LSN (swimming)
* Leimen-Mannheim
* OSC Potsdam
* Waspo Hannover
* White Sharks Hannover
* AVUS Szombathely
* Debreceni VSE
* BVSC-Zugló
* Ferencváros - from 2018/19
* Bp. Honvéd
* KSI
* Miskolci VLC
* OSC Újbuda
* Pécsi VSK
* Szegedi VE
* UVSE
* Vasas
* Colorado
* Wiener Sport-Club (water polo)
# Salut d'amor

A salut d'amor (Occitan:, Catalan:; "love letter", lit. "greeting of love") or (e)pistola ("epistle") was an Occitan lyric poem of the troubadours, written as a letter from one lover to another in the tradition of courtly love. Some songs preserved in the Italian Quattrocento and Cinquecento chansonniers are labelled in the rubrics as saluts (or some equivalent), but the salut is not treated as a genre by medieval Occitan grammarians. The trouvères copied the Occitan song style into Old French as the salut d'amour. There are a total of nineteen surviving Occitan saluts and twelve French ones, with a Catalan examples (of the salutació amorosa) also.
The poetic form probably derives from the classical Latin love letter and through a blending of the ars dictaminis and the early Occitan canso. Occitan scholar Pierre Bec argued that the salut was tripartite, possessing an introduction, body, and conclusion. Christiane Leube believes that the Latin five-part division of salutatio, captatio benevolentiae, narratio, petitio, and conclusio formed the basis for the salut, but that the salutatio and captatio blended into one segment and all but the conclusio being less rigidly delineated. Dietmar Rieger regards the salut less as a letter than as a variant of the canso intended not to be sung in performance but to be read. The Occitan saluts do not have stanzas or refrains, but several French ones do (salut à refrains). Structurally they are usually octosyllabic rhyming couplets, but a few are hexasyllabic and Raimon de Miraval wrote a heterometric salut. They often end with a one-word verse, unrhymed with anything previous, that gives the addressee: Domna or Dompna.
The first salut d'amor was probably Domna, cel qe'us es bos amics, written by Raimbaut d'Aurenga and he served as a model for many later troubadours. Arnaut de Mareuil wrote five saluts, the most of any individual, and Don Alfred Monson has crowned him the maître incontesté du salut ("the uncontested master of the salut"). They served as a model for Amanieu de Sescars, who wrote two precisely datable saluts in 1278 and 1291. Falquet de Romans wrote a salut d'amor (epistola in the rubric) of 254 lines. The only female author of a salut was Azalais d'Altier. Her 101 verses of rhyming couplets were designed to reconcile two lovers and were addressed to a woman, possibly Clara d'Anduza. In French the only named author of a salut with refrains is Philippe de Rémi.
Destret d'emors mi clam a vos is a 708-line long anonymous Catalan salut.
# Maharaja Krishna Rasgotra

Maharaja Krishna Rasgotra (born 11 September 1924), often shortened to M. K. Rasgotra, is an Indian diplomat and academic who served as the 12th Foreign Secretary of India from 1 May 1982 to 31 January 1985.

## Early and personal life

Rasgotra was born 11 September 1924 in a Dogra-Brahmin family which hails originally from Shakargarh, a small town which is now in Pakistan on the border with India, only 30 km from the Kartarpur corridor. However, his family had settled in the service of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and Rasgotra grew up in the Kashmir valley. He was the second son out of three sons and two daughters. He received a Master of Arts degree in English from Punjab University.
At an early age, Rasgotra was married to Kadambari Devi in a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian way. Twelve years younger than her husband, Kadambari Devi was barely a teenager at the time of the wedding. The marriage proved entirely harmonious and conventional. The couple had two sons, but one of them died at the age of ten. Kadambari Devi died in April 2018, aged 82, survived by her husband of seven decades, and by her son and his family. The family has lived in the upmarket Vasant Vihar suburb of New Delhi after Rasgotra's retirement from government service in the mid-1980s.
In 2016, at the age of 92, M.K. Rasgotra published his autobiography, which was hailed by former foreign minister Natwar Singh as "one of the best autobiographies by any IFS officer since 1947." In September 2020, it was noted that Rasgotra was still active and was one of the oldest living former Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officers. He celebrated his 100th birthday on 11 September 2024.

## Career
### Early career

Rasgotra was tutor at Government College, Lahore from 1944 to 1946, head of the English department at SA College for Women, Sialkot in 1946, and head of the English department at Arya College, Ludhiana in 1947. He was appointed to the Punjab Educational Service in March 1948 and also worked as a lecturer in English at the Satish Chander Dhawan Government College in 1948 and 1949.
He was appointed to the Indian Foreign Service on 27 September 1949 and was confirmed in his appointment on 27 September 1952. Later in his career, he was High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom and Ambassador to Morocco, Tunisia, the Netherlands, Nepal, France, and UNESCO.

### Bhopal disaster

He was the foreign secretary during the Bhopal disaster. It is claimed by the then-Deputy Chief of Mission of the Embassy of the United States in New Delhi in 1984, in an interview with a news channel, that communications between the government of India and himself relating to the release of Warren Anderson went through the Foreign Secretary. In a subsequent interview with Karan Thapar, Rasgotra held that releasing Warren Anderson was the right thing to do, since he had been earlier promised safe passage.

## Books

* A Life in Diplomacy, Viking, 2016; Penguin Books, 2019.
# Ohio State Route 360

State Route 360 (SR 360) is a short east–west route in Buckeye Lake, Ohio. SR 360 starts and ends at SR 79, paralleled to the shore of Buckeye Lake. The route was designated in 1938, and has not changed significantly since.

## Route description

SR 360 is mostly in Fairfield County, with a small part in Licking County. It is aligned to a part of the northern shore of Buckeye Lake. SR 360 is also known as North Bank Road, an undivided highway. Some parts of the centerline are covered by pothole repairs. Around 730 cars travel the road on average each day at the beginning of the route, and 1,270 near the end of the route.
The road starts at an at-grade intersection of SR 79 and Canal Road. Then, it moves southeast and parallels Buckeye Lake. After a bit more than a mile later, SR 360 heads north and ends at SR 79. The majority of the route is inside residential areas. Despite being near Buckeye Lake, the lake is not visible from the road. The route's path is that of an irregularly shaped "U", with westernmost and easternmost of the route following north–south roads.

## History

SR 360 was created in 1938, and no routing changes were made since. SR 360's road surface changed from gravel to asphalt between 1961 and 1962, and was repaved in 1986 and 1999.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Fairfield | Walnut Township | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 79 |
| Licking | Buckeye Lake | 1.94 | 3.12 | SR 79 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Pratyush and Mihir

Pratyush and Mihir are the supercomputers established at Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune and National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (NCMRWF), Noida respectively. As of January 2018, Pratyush and Mihir are the fastest supercomputer in India with a maximum speed of 6.8 PetaFlops at a total cost of INR 438.9 Crore. The system was inaugurated by Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister for science and technology, on 8 January 2018.The word 'Pratyush' (Hindi: प्रत्युष) defines the rising sun.
Being a High Performance Computing (HPC) facility, Pratyush and Mihir consists of several computers that can deliver a peak power of 6.8 PetaFlops. It is the first multi-PetaFlops supercomputer ever built in India.
Pratyush and Mihir are two High Performance Computing (HPC) units. They are located at two government institutes, one being 4.0 PetaFlops unit at IITM, Pune and another 2.8 PetaFlops unit at the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida. They provide a combined output of 6.8 PetaFlops.
Pratyush and Mihir are used in the fields of weather forecasting and climate monitoring in India. It helps the country to make better forecasts in terms of Monsoon, fishing, air quality, extreme events like Tsunami, cyclones, earthquakes, lightning and other natural calamities such as floods, droughts etc. India is the fourth country in the world to have a High Performance Computing facility dedicated for weather and climate research after Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom.

## History

The High Performance Computing (HPC) facility in India has grown from 40 TeraFlops in 2008 to 1 PetaFlops in the year 2013–14. But India still remained at a lower position in terms of HPC infrastructure rankings in the world.
Government of India approved 400 crore Rupees in 2017 to build a supercomputer with a computing capacity of 10 PetaFlops. The engineers of IITM, Pune worked under the leadership of Suryachandra A Rao and built Pratyush in 2018. The overall cost was around 450 crore Indian Rupees.
With the introduction of Pratyush and Mihir, India hopes to move from the 165th position to gain a position in the top 30s in the Top500 list of supercomputers in the world.
# Andy Tupaia

Andy Tupaia (born 29 October 1958) is a French Polynesian musician. He composes songs, writes lyrics and performs his own music.
Tupaia was born in Papeete. At the age of 15 he left school and moved to Mo'orea, where he worked at the Club Med resort. After returning to Tahiti he recorded his first album, Music Api, with the assistance of his childhood friend, Guy Roche. He established his own record label, Oehau Music, and then worked with other people's music. Since 2006, he has worked in the radio station Taui FM.

## Discography

* Music Api (1981)
* Come to Tahiti (1983)
* Touche à tout (1987)
* Homage to Paul Gauguin (1990)
* For Tho' I Love (1998)
* Vanilla Island (2001)
# Jūhan Shuttai!

Jūhan Shuttai! (重版出来, Second Print Run Confirmed!, or Sleepeeer Hit!) is a Japanese slice of life manga series written and illustrated by Naoko Matsuda [ja]. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Monthly Big Comic Spirits from September 2012 to June 2023, with its chapters collected in 19 tankōbon volumes as of December 2022.
The manga was adapted into a 10-episode Japanese television drama series broadcast from April to June 2016. In 2017, the manga won the 62nd Shogakukan Manga Award in the general category.

## Characters
### Kokoro Kurosawa (黒沢 心, Kurosawa Kokoro)

    Portrayed by: Haru Kuroki

### Kei Iokibe (五百旗頭 敬, Iokibe Kei)

    Portrayed by: Joe Odagiri

### Yasuki Wada (和田 靖樹, Wada Yasuki)

    Portrayed by: Yutaka Matsushige

### Jun Koizumi (小泉 純, Koizumi Jun)

    Portrayed by: Kentaro Sakaguchi

## Media
### Manga

Jūhan Shuttai!, written and illustrated by Naoko Matsuda, was serialized in Shogakukan's Monthly Big Comic Spirits magazine from September 27, 2012, to June 27, 2023. Shogakukan has compiled its chapters into individual tankōbon volumes. The first volume was released on March 29, 2013. As of December 12, 2022, 19 volumes have been released.

#### Volumes

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| 1 | March 29, 2013 | 978-4-09-185040-9 |
| 2 | September 30, 2013 | 978-4-09-185416-2 |
| 3 | March 28, 2014 | 978-4-09-186029-3 |
| 4 | September 30, 2014 | 978-4-09-186399-7 |
| 5 | April 10, 2015 | 978-4-09-186826-8 |
| 6 | October 9, 2015 | 978-4-09-187256-2 |
| 7 | March 30, 2016 | 978-4-09-187499-3 |
| 8 | August 30, 2016 | 978-4-09-187778-9 |
| 9 | April 12, 2017 | 978-4-09-189436-6 |
| 10 | October 12, 2017 | 978-4-09-189657-5 |
| 11 | May 11, 2018 | 978-4-09-189872-2 |
| 12 | December 12, 2018 | 978-4-09-860144-8 |
| 13 | June 12, 2019 | 978-4-09-860312-1 |
| 14 | February 12, 2020 | 978-4-09-860540-8 |
| 15 | August 7, 2020 | 978-4-09-860693-1 |
| 16 | March 12, 2021 | 978-4-09-860862-1 |
| 17 | September 10, 2021 | 978-4-09-861143-0 |
| 18 | April 12, 2022 | 978-4-09-861272-7 |
| 19 | December 12, 2022 | 978-4-09-861482-0 |
| 20 | August 9, 2023 | 978-4-09-862541-3 |

### Drama
#### Japanese drama

A Japanese television drama series adaptation of the same title was announced in February 2016. It ran for 10 episodes on TBS from April 12 to June 14, 2016.

#### Korean drama

A Korean drama adaptation of the manga titled as Today's Webtoon (오늘의 웹툰), developed by Studio S and co-produced by Binge Works and Studio N, ran for 16 episodes on SBS TV from July 29 to September 17, 2022.

## Reception

Volume 4 reached the 50th place on the weekly Oricon manga chart and, by October 5, 2014, has sold 21,090 copies.
The manga ranked fourth on the 2014 Kono Manga ga Sugoi!'s Top 20 Manga for Male Readers survey. It ranked 21st on the 2023 "Book of the Year" list by Da Vinci magazine.
It was nominated for the 18th Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Reader Award. It was also nominated for the 7th Manga Taishō, receiving 46 points and placing sixth among the ten nominees. In 2017, the manga won the 62nd Shogakukan Manga Award in the general category, sharing it with Blue Giant.
# Betren

Betren (Occitan pronunciation:) is a village located in the municipality of Vielha e Mijaran, in the Val d'Aran.
# Maksimilijan Matjaž

Maksimilijan Matjaž (born 23 August 1963) is a Slovenian prelate of the Catholic Church, serving as the third bishop of the Diocese of Celje since 5 March 2021.

## Early life and education

Maksimilijan Matjaž was born into a Catholic family in Črna na Koroškem in northern Slovenia (then part of Yugoslavia).
He attended primary school in Mežica, and secondary school of economics in Slovenj Gradec, where he graduated in 1982. After made a one-year of compulsory military service in the Yugoslavian Army (1982–1983), he entered to the Major Theological Seminary in Ljubljana and in the same time joined the Theological Faculty at the University of Ljubljana, where graduated in 1988 and was ordained a priest on June 29, 1989, for the Diocese of Maribor, after completed his philosophical and theological studies.

## Pastoral and educational work

After his ordination Fr. Matjaž was engaged in the pastoral work and served as an assistant priest in Zreče (1989–1991). In summer 1991 he continued his education in the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum and completed his studies with a licentiate degree in a Biblical theology in 1995 at the Pontifical Biblical Institute and with a Doctor of Theology degree in the same discipline at the Pontifical Gregorian University in 1998.
After returning to Slovenia, since 1998 he has been an assistant professor at the Faculty of Theology in the University of Ljubljana, and since 2001 a professor-assistant at the Department of Scripture and Judaism, and since 2011 an associate professor of Biblical Sciences and Judaism. Since 2013, he has been the head of the Department of Bible and Judaism at the Faculty of Theology at the University of Ljubljana.
Since 2006 he has been a member of the Priests' Council of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Maribor and since 2011 a member of the College of Counselors. He was also an assistant priest in the parish of Dravograd (1998–2010), in Zreče (2010–2012), in the pastoral unit Slovenj Gradec (2012–2013) and in the parish of Šentilj v Slovenskih Goricah (2013–2020).

## Prelate

On 5 March 2021, Matjaž was appointed by Pope Francis as the third bishop of the Diocese of Celje, succeeding retired Bishop Emeritus Stanislav Lipovšek. On 30 May 2021, Apostolic Nuncio to Slovenia consecrated Matjaž as bishop in the St. Mohorij in Fortunata Church in Gornji Grad. Archbishop Jean-Marie Speich and Bishop Emeritus Lipovšek were co-consecrators.
# Havlík's law

Havlík's law is a Slavic rhythmic law dealing with the reduced vowels (known as yers or jers) in Proto-Slavic. It is named for the Czech scholar Antonín Havlík (1855–1925), who determined the pattern in 1889. While Havlík's law was a precursor to the loss of the yers, that process is part of the individual history of the various Slavic languages. Havlík's law was already in effect at the end of the Common Slavic period, and ended the era of the "law of open syllables", a major phonological innovation of the Common Slavic period.

## Strong and weak yers

The front and back yer come from the Early Proto-Slavic and Proto-Balto-Slavic short high vowels */i/ and */u/, respectively. As vowels, they played a role in the law of open syllables, which states that every syllable must end in a vowel. Old Church Slavonic, for example, had no closed syllables at all.
Word-final yers, which were abundant, including in declensional patterns, were reduced in length to ultrashort, or "weak", variants (/ɪ̆/ and /ʊ̆/). These weak yers were then often elided. In words with multiple yers, the weak variants were not limited to word-final position.
Havlík's law describes the pattern in which weak and strong yers occur. Counting from the last yer in a word, the final yer is weak, the previous yer is strong, the previous yer is weak, etc., until a full vowel is reached, and then the pattern is started again with alternating weak then strong yers.
# MATOPIBA

MATOPIBA is an acronym that designates the region that extends across the territories of four Brazilian states: Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia.
The region is made up of 31 micro-regions, covering roughly 73 million hectares. It includes 337 municipalities, with 324,326 agricultural establishments, 42 conservation units, 28 indigenous territories, 865 agrarian reform settlements, and 34 quilombola areas.
# Woodbridge railway station, Perth

Woodbridge railway station is located on the Midland line in Perth, 15.5 kilometres from Perth station.

## History

Woodbridge station opened in 1903 as West Midland, being renamed on 3 October 2004. It stands close to where the original Midland Junction station was located, with the original buildings shifted to Greenmount station in 1971.

## Rail services

Track layout :
Legend :
Source :
Woodbridge railway station is served by the Midland railway line on the Transperth network. This line goes between Midland railway station and Perth railway station. Midland line trains stop at the station every 10 minutes during peak on weekdays, and every 15 minutes during the day outside peak every day of the year except Christmas Day. Trains are half-hourly or hourly at nighttime. The station saw 61,138 passengers in the 2013-14 financial year.
Woodbridge station platforms :
| Stop | Platform | Line | Stopping pattern | Destination | Notes |
| 99521 | 1 | Midland | All stations | Perth | |
| 99522 | 2 | Midland | All stations | Midland | |

## Bus routes

| Stop | Route | Destination / description |
| Great Eastern Highway (west bound) | 290 | to Redcliffe Station via James Street and Johnson Street |
| Great Eastern Highway (west bound) | 901 | Rail replacement service to Perth |
| Great Eastern Highway (east bound) | 290 | to Midland station |
| Great Eastern Highway (east bound) | 901 | Rail replacement service to Midland station |
# Bagerque

Bagergue (Occitan pronunciation:) is a locality and decentralized municipal entity located in the municipality of Naut Aran, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 101.

## Geography

Bagergue is located 173km north-northeast of Lleida.