OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt

Al-Ashraf Muzaffar ad-Din Musa (Arabic: الأشرف مظفر الدين موسى) was the last, albeit titular, Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt as the puppet of Izz ad-Din Aybak.

## Origins

The family origins of Al-Ashraf Musa are not entirely clear. According to Lane-Poole, Al-Ashraf Musa was a descendant of Saladin and the great grandson of Az-Zahir Ghazi, Amir of Aleppo, who had struggled against Al-Adil for supremacy in the Ayyubid domains. His grandfather, the son of Az-Zahir, was al-Aziz Mohammad, also Amir of Aleppo, while his father, son of al-Aziz, was An-Nasir Yusuf, Amir of Aleppo, and later Damascus. However, if this were the case he would have been titular head of a government in Egypt which was fighting his own father. According to other sources he was the son of Yusuf, and grandson of al-Mas'ud Yusuf. Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, the son of Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt, was the last Ayyubid ruler of Yemen. After the Ayyubids were expelled from Yemen his family moved to Cairo.

## Accession

Ayyubid rule in Egypt had effectively come to an end in 1250 when the Mamluks murdered Al-Muazzam Turanshah. For a brief period Shajar ad-Durr ruled as Sultana, but she was soon replaced by Izz ad-Din Aybak. The murder of Turanshah meant that while the Mamluks controlled Egypt, the Ayyubid family remained in control of the Emirates in Palestine and Syria. Mamluk rule in Egypt was not secure, and following the death of Turanshah, the Ayyubid An-Nasir Yusuf, ruler of Aleppo, was welcomed into Damascus and began preparations to send an army into Egypt to make himself Sultan. The Mamluks understood that if he reached Cairo he would find enough of a welcome to seriously threaten their power. For this reason, they decided it would be prudent to have a nominal Ayyubid Sultan in power in Cairo, to give their rule a veneer of legitimacy. For this reason Aybak stood down after less than a week as Sultan, and the six-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa, was proclaimed Sultan in his place.

## Deposition

An-Nasir Yusuf's assaults on Egypt were repelled, and in 1253 an agreement was reached whereby he withdrew, leaving Egypt in Mamluk control. In 1254, a new potential threat to Aybak's rule emerged when Faris ad-Din Aktai, leader of the Bahri Mamluks, asked permission to move into the citadel of Cairo with his future wife, who was the sister of the Ayyubid ruler al-Malik al-Mansour of Hama. Sensing that Aktai would use this marriage to give himself legitimacy as Sultan, Aybak had him murdered. After this, Aybak resolved to rule on his own authority and decided he had no further need of a titular Ayyubid Sultan on whose behalf he claimed to act. Thereafter he deposed al-Ashraf Musa and sent him back to live with his aunt, proclaiming himself Sultan a second time.
# Gjokaj

Gjokaj is an Albanian surname of the Triepshi (tribe) clan of Malësia region of southeastern Montenegro. In Edith Durham’s book, she describes what was said by a Malësor of the Hot tribe in one of the many villages she explored in the highland regions of northern Albania in 1909:
“And half the tribe of Triepshi, the stem of Bakechi, is of Hoti blood. We cannot marry them. The other half–the Bekaj–we can. They are not our blood; they come from Kopliku. Triepshi belongs to Montenegro now, but is all Catholic.” (Durham, 1909)
# Saw Pyei Chantha

Saw Pyei Chantha (Burmese: စောပြည့်ချမ်းသာ, Burmese pronunciation:; also spelled "ရွှေပြည့်ချမ်းသာ", "Shwe Pyei Chantha") was the chief queen consort of Arakan for a few months in 1408. After she and her first husband King Anawrahta of Launggyet were captured by the Hanthawaddy forces in 1408, she became a junior queen consort of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy.

## Brief

The future queen was the second child of Prince Minkhaung of Pyinzi and his first wife Shin Mi-Nauk. His father was a son of then King Swa Saw Ke of Ava while his mother was a daughter of Sawbwa (Chief) Tho Ngan Bwa of Mohnyin. Minkhaung and Mi-Nauk had been wedded in a marriage of state in 1389/90 during a brief respite of hostilities between Ava and Mohnyin.
She had an elder brother Minye Kyawswa, and two younger brothers Minye Thihathu and Minye Kyawhtin. They siblings grew up in Pyinzi, 60 km south of the capital Ava (Inwa), until 1400. On 25 November 1400, their father ascended the Ava throne, and the family moved to Ava.
Circa January 1408, her father sent her to marry Anawrahta, the vassal king of the western kingdom of Arakan, whom her father had appointed a year earlier. But her reign as the chief queen was short. King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy, who had been concerned about Ava's growing empire, ordered an invasion of Arakan while Ava was entangled with the Shan state of Hsenwi in the north. The Hanthawaddy army took Launggyet in March 1408. Razadarit had Anawrahta executed, and raised Saw Pyei Chantha, as one of his junior queens.
The brazen act greatly incensed her father, and led to the renewed war between the two kingdoms for the next decade. The queen joined her paternal aunt Thupaba Dewi, who had been given to Razadarit in a marriage of state as part of the truce of 1403, in the Hanthawaddy king's harem. Three months later, her 34-year-old mother Mi-Nauk became Razadarit's queen as well after Mi-Nauk was captured by the Hanthawaddy forces during Minkhaung's ill-advised invasion of the south in the rainy season of 1408.

## Ancestry

Ancestry of Princess Saw Pyei Chantha :
# Sam Dubbin

Samuel J. Dubbin (born June 26, 1955) is an American lawyer, government worker and Holocaust Survivors' rights advocate. He is a principal in the law firm Dubbin & Kravetz, L.L.P., a former shareholder in the law firm Greenberg Traurig, and a former partner with Steel Hector & Davis. A Clinton Administration appointee, he served in the Department of Justice and Department of Transportation.

## Education and early career

Dubbin received his bachelor's degree in economics, magna cum laude, from Harvard College in 1977. In 1981, he graduated cum laude from the University of Miami School of Law, where he received the Harvey T. Reid Scholarship and served as an editor of the Law Review. After law school, Dubbin clerked for the Honorable James Lawrence King, United States District Judge for the Southern District of Florida, from 1981–1982.

## Government and community service

In 1996, Florida Governor Lawton Chiles appointed Dubbin to the Florida Transportation Commission. He had previously served on the Florida Supreme Court Nominating Commission, also as an appointee of Governor Chiles.
Dubbin also served from 1993 to 1996 as an official in the United States Departments of Justice and Transportation. He was special assistant to Attorney General Janet Reno and Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Policy Development in the Department of Justice, and later served as chief counsel to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the Department of Transportation. At NHTSA, Dubbin was the chief legal officer for the federal agency responsible for setting and enforcing motor vehicle safety and fuel economy standards, supervising rulemaking proceedings and litigation involving manufacturers, consumer groups, the insurance industry, and other interested parties.
He currently serves on the board of directors of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation, and served for over 8 years as the chairman of the Federation's Jewish Community Relations Council.

## Holocaust-related litigation

Dubbin's has worked on Holocaust Survivors' rights to regain assets lost to those who profited off the Holocaust. Dubbin & Kravetz represents Holocaust survivors and survivor organizations, including The Holocaust Survivors Foundation USA, Inc..
Dubbin & Kravetz was one of three firms that represented Hungarian Holocaust survivors seeking restitution and an accounting against the United States government in the Hungarian Gold Train case, which was settled for $25.5 million in 2005 after nearly five years of litigation. Dubbin testified on the issue of unhonored insurance policies that were sold to Holocaust victims before the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services in February 2008, and before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on May 6, 2008.
# Marina Shumakova

Marina Shumakova (born 22 July 1983) is a table tennis player from Kazakhstan. She is one of Kazakhstan's top players.
She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the preliminary round of the singles competition.
# 1616 Walnut Street Building

The 1616 Walnut Street Building or 1616 Building is a historic apartment community building in the Center City area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A twenty-four-story building, it stands ninety-four meters tall.
Listed on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places on January 7, 1982, it was then also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## History and features

In 1930, the architects received an award for the building's design at the 12th International Buildings Congress in Budapest.
Its five-story parking garage on the Chancellor Street side, part of the original construction, was considered a novelty in 1929.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places on January 7, 1982.

### Residential conversion

In 2013, 1616 Walnut Street was renamed "Icon" as it underwent an extensive renovation, transforming it from commercial space to an apartment building.
# Trinidad Legarda

Trinidad Fernandez Legarda (March 28, 1899 – February 2, 1998) was a Filipina suffragist, clubwoman, philanthropist, and editor. She was the first woman ambassador from the Philippines, when she was appointed in 1958.

## Early life

Trinidad Fernandez y Rodriguez was born in Cuyo, Palawan, the daughter of Clemente Fernandez and Vicenta Rodriguez. While she was still a teenager, Trinidad Fernandez trained to be a teacher, taught school in her hometown, and began working as secretary to an American clubwoman in Manila. She was a beauty queen as a young woman, holding the title Queen of the Manila Carnival in 1924.

## Career

Trinidad Fernandez Legarda was English-language editor of The Woman's Outlook, a pro-suffrage publication in the Philippines. She was also president of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, and a leader in the Filipina suffrage movement. Her 1931 essay in Philippine Magazine, "Philippine Women and the Vote", drew from American rhetoric, but also quoted a Hindu proverb, in making the case for suffrage. She was president of the Manila Symphony Society from 1933 to 1958.
During World War II she set up a convalescent home for veterans and war widows. In 1946, she led the reorganization of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, which had lost most of its assets during the war. In 1949, she ran unsuccessfully for a senate seat.
She represented the Philippines at international meetings after World War II. In 1953, Trinidad F. Legarda was named Civic Leader of the Year. She was appointed ambassador to South Vietnam in 1958, and served in that role until 1962. She was the first woman ambassador to represent the Philippines.

## Personal life

Trinidad Fernandez married lawyer Benito Legarda IV (grandson of Benito Legarda) in 1925. They had three children, Benito (1926–2020), Filomenita (1928–1931), and Carmen (1932–2006). She was widowed in 1973 and died in 1998 aged 98. Attorney and advocate Katrina Legarda is her granddaughter.
# Hands (advertisement)

"Hands," sometimes known as "White Hands," was a controversial political advertisement that aired on television during the 1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina by the political campaign of Jesse Helms criticizing his opponent, Harvey Gantt, for being in favor of racial quotas. The advertisement is considered to be an important factor in Helms's narrow victory over Gantt and was written and produced by Alex Castellanos.
The advertisement shows the hands of a white man in a plaid shirt reading and then crumpling up a job rejection letter while a voiceover says, "You needed that job, and you were the best qualified. But they had to give it to a minority because of a racial quota. Is that really fair?" The advertisement compared Helms to Gantt by saying that Gantt was "for racial quotas" and that Helms was against them. In particular, it accused Gantt of supporting the proposed Civil Rights Act of 1990, which it called "Ted Kennedy's racial quota law."
# Arthur L. Peterson

Arthur Laverne Peterson (June 27, 1926 – March 22, 2023) was an American educator and politician.

## Life and career

Peterson was born in Glyndon, Minnesota on June 27, 1926. He served in the United States Marine Corps during the Korean War. In 1947, he graduated from Yale University. He then received his master's degree from the University of Southern California in 1949. In 1962, he received his doctorate in philosophy from the University of Minnesota. He lived in Prescott, Wisconsin and worked for Eaton Plumbing and Heating. From 1951 to 1955, Peterson served in the Wisconsin Assembly and was a Republican. He taught political science at University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire and Ohio Wesleyan University. In 1966, Peterson accepted the position of President at Thunderbird School of Global Management, then known as the American Institute for Foreign Trade. During his time at Thunderbird, Peterson would land his own personal plane at the campus which was once a WWII-era airfield. By the time of his departure to Pepperdine University in 1969, Peterson had helped Thunderbird achieve accreditation through the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1989, Peterson taught political science at Rocky Mountain College in Billings, Montana. He served in the Montana House of Representatives from 2000 to 2002 as a Republican. Peterson later lived in Billings, Montana.
Peterson was a candidate for California’s 39th district, but he lost the primary.
Peterson died in Sun City, California on March 22, 2023, at the age of 96.

## Notable works

Peterson, Arthur L. "McCarthyism: Its Ideology and Foundations." PhD Diss., University of Minnesota, 1962.
# Victory Yendra

Victory Yendra (born September 10, 1989 in Kuantan Singingi Regency) is an Indonesian former footballer who plays as a striker.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | Super League | Super League | Premier Division | Premier Division | Piala Indonesia | Piala Indonesia | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| PSPS Pekanbaru | 2010-11 | 6 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 1 |
| PSPS Pekanbaru | 2011-12 | 9 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 9 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 15 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 15 | 1 |
# Gustav Torssell

Gustav Torssell (born 28 April 1811 in Tynnelsö – died 5 February 1849 in Uppsala) was a Swedish printer, publisher, and naturalist who worked in Uppsala and Falun. He made contributions to both lichenology and journalism during his relatively short life.
Torssell is known for his work on lichens, publishing Enumeratio Lichenum et Byssacerum Scandinaviae ("Enumeration of lichens and Byssaceae of Scandinavia") (1843), a systematic catalogue of Scandinavian lichens. In 1845, responding to the crop failure and resulting famine of 1844, he published Anvisning till nödbrödsämnen–om användandet af lafvar till föda ("Guide to famine bread ingredients–on using lichens as food"), a practical guide describing how to use four species of lichen for making bread. This publication included actual herbarium specimens to help readers identify the useful species: Cetraria islandica, Cladonia rangiferina, Cetraria nivalis, and Ramalina fraxinea.
In journalism, Torssell founded the newspaper Thorgny in Uppsala following the influential Nordic student meeting of 1843. The paper, published twice weekly on Mondays and Thursdays, was named after Torgny the Lawspeaker, a figure who experienced renewed popularity in 19th-century Scandinavian and liberal circles. Under Torssell's leadership, Thorgny became an important forum for discussing Scandinavist ideas and other contemporary issues. However, due to Torssell's declining health, the newspaper ceased publication in 1845, though it was effectively succeeded by a new publication called Upsala, founded the same year.
# Blanche Hanalis

Blanche Hanalis (11 December 1915 – 27 July 1992) was an American screenwriter and television writer best known for developing the Little House on the Prairie series as well as several made-for-TV movies based on Little House on the Prairie. Hanalis was born as Blanche Weiss in Ohio, but grew up in Chicago and graduated from Theodore Roosevelt High School in 1932. She was of Greek and Jewish descent. She has been quoted as saying her family was poor and she grew up "in the slums of Chicago."
The family relocated to New York City after her father's candy business failed, and she started working to help support them rather than attend college. Hanalis married Irving Wodin and together they had three children. In 1957, once the children were in school, she wrote her first television script and submitted it to The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse. It was quickly accepted, and Hanalis continued writing for over thirty years. She wrote episodes for numerous television programs, including: My Favorite Martian, The Barbara Stanwyck Show, Family Affair, and The Young Pioneers.
She wrote the screenplays for From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs. Basil E Frankweiler, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, and Portrait of a Rebel: The Remarkable Mrs. Sanger. Her work, A Love Affair: The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig Story, was nominated for an Emmy award in 1978 for Outstanding Writing in a Special Program—Drama or Comedy—Adaptation. Hanalis won a Writers Guild of America Award in Television—Children's Script for her 1987 adaptation of The Secret Garden. Hanalis also contributed to the story of a major motion picture Weddings and Babies, which won the Critic's Award at the 1958 Venice Film Festival.
Hanalis died in 1992.
# Masaki Hemmi

Masaki Hemmi (辺見 昌樹, Henmi Masaki, born August 14, 1986) is a Japanese former footballer who is an assistant coach for Chicago Stars FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL)

## Early life

Hemmi was born and raised in Tokyo, Japan and moved to Carlsbad, New Mexico when he was 16 years old. He played collegiate soccer at Colorado School of Mines for two seasons before transferring to the University of New Mexico in his junior year. After retiring from playing soccer, Hemmi returned to Colorado to finish his degree and began coaching a youth club, Real Colorado, in Denver.

## Coaching Career
### Chicago Red Stars, 2023 - Present

In January 2024, the Chicago Red Stars announced the hiring of Masaki Hemmi as an assistant coach for the club, joining head coach Lorne Donaldson.

### New Mexico United, 2022 - 2024

Hemmi served as first assistant coach and director of player personnel with the United Soccer League (USL) club New Mexico United. In 2023, Hemmi was announced the interim coach of the New Mexico United following the departure of then-head coach Zach Prince.

### INAC Kobe, 2021

In 2021, Hemmi worked as the associate head coach for INAC Kobe of the Japanese Professional Women's Soccer League (WE League) in the lead-up to the Tokyo Olympics for one season.
# Erie County Jail

The Erie County Jail is a historic Stick/Eastlake building located on Adams Street in Sandusky, Ohio. It was built from 1882 to 1883 by the firm of Adam Feick & Brother, which consisted of Adam, Philip, and George Feick. The structure was designed to have 26 cells and a sheriff's residence. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The building is now part of the Sandusky Library.
# Yevgeny Shevchenko

Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Shevchenko (Belarusian: Яўген Аляксандравіч Шаўчэнка; Russian: Евгений Александрович Шевченко; born 6 June 1996) is a Belarusian footballer who plays as a forward for Dinamo Minsk.

## International career

He made his Belarus national football team debut on 13 October 2019 in a Euro 2020 qualifier against Netherlands. He substituted Dzyanis Laptsew in the 83rd minute.

## Honours

Dinamo Brest
* Belarusian Super Cup winner: 2020
# Direction (geometry)

In geometry, direction, also known as spatial direction or vector direction, is the common characteristic of all rays which coincide when translated to share a common endpoint; equivalently, it is the common characteristic of vectors (such as the relative position between a pair of points) which can be made equal by scaling (by some positive scalar multiplier).
Two vectors sharing the same direction are said to be codirectional or equidirectional. All codirectional line segments sharing the same size (length) are said to be equipollent. Two equipollent segments are not necessarily coincident; for example, a given direction can be evaluated at different starting positions, defining different unit directed line segments (as a bound vector instead of a free vector).
A direction is often represented as a unit vector, the result of dividing a vector by its length. A direction can alternately be represented by a point on a circle or sphere, the intersection between the sphere and a ray in that direction emanating from the sphere's center; the tips of unit vectors emanating from a common origin point lie on the unit sphere.
A Cartesian coordinate system is defined in terms of several oriented reference lines, called coordinate axes; any arbitrary direction can be represented numerically by finding the direction cosines (a list of cosines of the angles) between the given direction and the directions of the axes; the direction cosines are the coordinates of the associated unit vector.
A two-dimensional direction can also be represented by its angle, measured from some reference direction, the angular component of polar coordinates (ignoring or normalizing the radial component). A three-dimensional direction can be represented using a polar angle relative to a fixed polar axis and an azimuthal angle about the polar axis: the angular components of spherical coordinates.
Non-oriented straight lines can also be considered to have a direction, the common characteristic of all parallel lines, which can be made to coincide by translation to pass through a common point. The direction of a non-oriented line in a two-dimensional plane, given a Cartesian coordinate system, can be represented numerically by its slope.
A direction is used to represent linear objects such as axes of rotation and normal vectors. A direction may be used as part of the representation of a more complicated object's orientation in physical space (e.g., axis–angle representation).
Two directions are said to be opposite if the unit vectors representing them are additive inverses, or if the points on a sphere representing them are antipodal, at the two opposite ends of a common diameter. Two directions are parallel (as in parallel lines) if they can be brought to lie on the same straight line without rotations; parallel directions are either codirectional or opposite.
Two directions are obtuse or acute if they form, respectively, an obtuse angle (greater than a right angle) or acute angle (smaller than a right angle); equivalently, obtuse directions and acute directions have, respectively, negative and positive scalar product (or scalar projection).