OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vandiperiyar

Vandiperiyar, IPA:, is a spice village in Idukki district, in the Indian state of Kerala. It is known for tourism, tea and coffee plantations, black pepper and other spice products. It is also known as an educational city and a number of tea factories are situated in the town. The Periyar River flows through the town. Colleges: govt poly technic college. Schools : phss, st Joseph, high range, goodluck educations, govt upper primary, fathima school, govt lower primary, trinity garden.

## Geography

It is located at an altitude of 836 m above MSL.
The Periyar River flows through Vandiperiyar.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census, Periyar village had a population of 22,978 which constitutes 11,397 males and 11,581 females. Periyar village has an area of 50.98 km$^2$ (19.68 sq mi) with 5,749 families residing in it. In Periyar, 9.38% of the population was under 6 years of age. Periyar had an average literacy of 86.38% higher than the national average of 74% and lower than state average of 94%.

## Location

Vandiperiyar is on National Highway 183, directly connected with Kottayam. Thekkady is 18 km away.

## Economy

Tea, coffee and pepper plantations are abundant. They are the main source of income for many people.
# Dolac, Požega-Slavonia County

Dolac is a village near Brestovac, Croatia. In the 2011 census, it had 203 inhabitants.
# Central District (Esfarayen County)

The Central District of Esfarayen County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان اسفراین) is in North Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Esfarayen.

## History

In February 2023, Daman Kuh and Zorqabad Rural Districts were separated from the district in the formation of Zorqabad District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 99,381 in 24,945 households. The following census in 2011 counted 107,743 people in 30,280 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 103,603 inhabitants in 30,868 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Esfarayen County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Azari RD | 13,596 | 14,762 | 14,203 |
| Daman Kuh RD | 7,887 | 7,641 | 7,252 |
| Milanlu RD | 3,936 | 3,293 | 3,904 |
| Ruin RD | 15,810 | 15,266 | 14,135 |
| Zorqabad RD | 6,831 | 6,409 | 4,619 |
| Esfarayen (city) | 51,321 | 60,372 | 59,490 |
| Total | 99,381 | 107,743 | 103,603 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Jeetmal Khant

Jeetmal Khant (1 January 1963 – 24 May 2021) was an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Biography

He was a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly representing the Garhi Vidhan Sabha constituency of Rajasthan.
Khant died from COVID-19.
# Buck Mason

Buck Mason is an American clothing brand founded in Venice, California in 2013 by Erik Allen Ford and Sasha Koehn. Buck Mason sells men's and women's apparel online and through 33 brick and mortar retail locations in the US. Buck Mason produces casual basics like t-shirts, denim jeans, blazers, chino pants, and button-up shirts.

## History

Buck Mason opened its first physical store in 2015 on Abbot Kinney Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles.

## Manufacturing

Buck Mason produces some Made in USA garments including t-shirts and jeans, while the majority of its manufacturing is international. In 2023, Buck Mason formed the Buck Mason Knitting Mill by purchasing the 150-year-old Mohnton Knitting Mills in Berks County, Pennsylvania. The facility includes a knitting mill in Shillington, Pennsylvania and a sewing factory in Mohnton, Pennsylvania. Amidst the acquisition, many of the mill’s original employees were retained. As of 2023, about 300,000 of the 500,000 t-shirts the brand sells annually are made in the US from American-made fabric.

## Publicity

In 2016 the brand received its initial nationwide publicity via GQ when Tom Brady was photographed wearing a Buck Mason t-shirt for its Man of the Year feature. Since then, the brand has been recommended by publications such as Vogue, New York magazine, and Wirecutter.

## Collaborations

In 2023, Buck Mason partnered with Eddie Bauer to produce a collection of Responsible Down Standard down-filled jackets, pants and accessories. In 2025 Buck Mason collaborated with J. Press on a collection of traditional Americana menswear.
# African citril

The African citril (Crithagra citrinelloides), also known as the Abyssinian citril, is a species of finch. It is found from Ethiopia, Eritrea to western Kenya. It is closely related to the western and southern citril, to which it was formerly considered conspecific.

## Phylogeny

The African citril was formerly placed in the genus Serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the African citril were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra.

## Habitat

This bird was studied in the Degua Tembien massif, and observed to be a breeding resident of woodland edges, scrubland and forest edges.
# Ján Richter

Ján Richter (born 5 October 1956) is a Slovak politician. Since 2006 he has been a member of the National Council for the SMER-SD party. From 4 April 2012 to 20 March 2020, he served as Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family.

## Biography

After graduating from apprenticeship (secondary vocational school without matriculation) in 1973 he worked as a technical and economic worker in the company CALEX Zlaté Moravce until 1987. At Calex he was an active member and chairman of the Socialist Youth Union in and at the same time, since 1975, a candidate of the Communist Party of Slovakia. In addition to his work, he graduated from the Evening University of Marxism–Leninism (VUML), thanks to which he was able to work as a worker of the District Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia (OV KSS) in Nitra.
In the 1990s he worked as a technical and economic worker and later as a tradesman and manager. In 1998 he became the central secretary of the SDĽ. Between 1999 and 2007 he completed his bachelor's and master's studies at the Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica and eventually obtained a doctorate in law. However, there is some confusion as to how he obtained his bachelor's degree. For example, he did not even remember the title of his thesis in front of journalists. In 2005, he became the political secretary of the Smer-SD party. Since 2006, he has been a member of the National Council of the Slovak Republic for the Smer-SD party.

## Political career

Since 2012 he has been the Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family of the Slovak Republic.
On 11 June 2013, around noon, he was injured in a traffic accident involving a service vehicle on the R1 road near the village of Pata. The car skidded during heavy rain and went off the road. Ján Richter was not wearing a seatbelt during the accident and suffered spinal injuries (second cervical vertebra) and fractured ribs, from which he recovered for several weeks.
On 7 September 2017, the second dismissal of Minister Richter took place. Before the meeting, Prime Minister Fico said that if the SNS voted against Richter, the government would fall. In the end, Richter received 65 votes, 61 MPs voted against and 14 abstained. He therefore retained his post. In April 2017, 57 MPs were in favour of his departure, 68 were against, and two did not vote. The reason for the dismissals was the case of the Galanta resocialization facility Čistý den (English: Clean Day), in the investigation of which Richter was supposed to have failed as a minister. The reason for the dismissals was the case of the Galanta resocialization facility Čistý den, in which Richter had failed as a minister.
The government of Petro Pellegrini, in which Ján Richter also served, resigned on 20 March 2020. A new government was formed after the February elections.
# Northern grosbeak-canary

The northern grosbeak-canary or Abyssinian grosbeak canary (Crithagra donaldsoni) is a species of passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. Its binomial name commemorates the explorer Arthur Donaldson Smith.
The northern grosbeak-canary was formerly placed in the genus Serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the northern grosbeak-canary were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra.
# Matthew Nicklin

Sir Matthew James Nicklin FRSA (born 1970) is a British High Court judge.
Nicklin was born in Oxford, England and was educated at Tasker Milward Voluntary Controlled School in Haverfordwest. He graduated with a first-class Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from Newcastle University in 1992.
Nicklin was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1993 and practised from 1996, specialising in privacy and defamation law. In addition to practice, he wrote The Law of Privacy and the Media in 2002 which was taken into a third edition.
He served as a recorder from 2009 to 2017 and took silk in 2013. He was joint-head of chambers at 5RB from 2014 to 2017. He was a member of the Bar Standards Board from 2007 to 2013. In 2010, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. He is on Newcastle Law School's advisory board.
On 2 October 2017, Nicklin was appointed a judge of the High Court and assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He took the customary knighthood in the same year. Since February 2021, he has been Judge in Charge of the Media and Communications List.
On 22 July 2021, Nicklin presided over the Jamal Hijazi v Stephen Yaxley-Lennon case.
# Dhan Singh Rawat (Rajasthan politician)

Dhan Singh Rawat (born 24 October 1966) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Banswara constituency of Rajasthan, and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
# Hassan Mohamed Shehata

Hassan Mohamed Shehata (born in 1964, in Cairo Governorate) is an Egyptian trade unionist and politician currently serving as minister of Manpower in the Egyptian cabinet. He was elected secretary-general of the Federation of the Egyptian Trade Union in 2022 for a term of four years.

## Career

Hassan Mohamed Shehata, born in 1964 in Cairo Governorate earned a bachelor's degree and Post Graduate Diploma in Marketing from Institute of Cooperative Studies. He served concurrently as a member of the board of directors of the EgyptAir holding company and Egyptian Academy of Aviation Sciences in 2013. He was elected vice president of the General Federation of Egyptian Trade Unions in 2013 and later elected to the presidency of General Union of Air Transport in 2018. In 2021, he assumed the position of President of the General Federation of Egyptian Trade Unions following the passing of the union's president Mohamed Wahballah. He was elected president of the union for a term of four years (2022–2026) in June 2022 after polling 245 votes to beat his opponent Adel Abdel-Fadil who scored 170 votes.
He was appointed minister of Manpower on 13 August 2022 in a cabinet reshuffle that saw the exit of Mohamed Saafan from the ministry. Following assumption of office, Shehata presented to the Egyptian cabinet a proposal and secured approval on 1 June 2023 for the change of the name of Ministry of Manpower to Ministry of Labour to widen the scope of the ministry's responsibilities to cover all labour related issues in line with the Labour Law 12 of 2013.
# Orbital Corporation

Orbital Corporation Limited (ASX: OEC), formerly Orbital Engine Corporation Limited pioneered by Ralph Sarich, is an Australian company based in Balcatta, Western Australia, that aims to provide clean engine technologies and alternative fuel systems with reduced environmental impact from gas emissions and improved fuel economy.

## Consulting services

Design, manufacturing, development and testing facilities have been established at the Balcatta facility. Orbital has developed infrastructure in engine design and modelling, numerical analysis, computational fluid dynamics, combustion and fuel system development, rapid-turn-around prototyping, and engine-management system software and hardware design.

## Autogas systems

Orbital Autogas Systems, a former subsidiary of Orbital Corporation, used to produce a retrofit LPG system applicable to a range of vehicles. Orbital Liquid LPG injection (LLi) is claimed to be the latest generation in automotive LPG fuel systems, promising substantial fuel savings, improved fuel consumption and reduced pollution. Injection of LPG into the engine as a liquid rather than a vapour is claimed to improve engine volumetric efficiency, producing more power from less fuel. Due to falling demand for automotive LPG conversions, and the resulting decline in profitability, the business was closed in December 2015. The assets and ongoing customer and supplier contracts were sold to Sprint Gas (Aust) Pty. Ltd. for approximately A$500,000

## Variable-fuel engine

A technology named FlexDI purports to improve emissions and fuel consumption in internal combustion engines designed to accept any common fuel type. The invention is being promoted to marine, recreational and light commercial vehicle markets including autorickshaws.
In 2003, the company was awarded a Banksia Award for its innovative combustion technology—winning in the category 'Leadership in Sustainable Product Design'.
The Orbital Redback heavy fuel engine using FlexDI was chosen in 2012 to power an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manufactured by AAIs Australian division Aerosonde.
# Pruning (morphology)

The pruning algorithm is a technique used in digital image processing based on mathematical morphology. It is used as a complement to the skeleton and thinning algorithms to remove unwanted parasitic components (spurs). In this case 'parasitic' components refer to branches of a line which are not key to the overall shape of the line and should be removed. These components can often be created by edge detection algorithms or digitization. Common uses for pruning include automatic recognition of hand-printed characters. Often inconsistency in letter writing creates unwanted spurs that need to be eliminated for better characterization.

## Mathematical Definition

The standard pruning algorithm will remove all branches shorter than a given number of points. If a parasitic branch is shorter than four points and we run the algorithm with n = 4 the branch will be removed. The second step ensures that the main trunks of each line are not shortened by the procedure.

### Structuring Elements

$B_{1}={\begin{bmatrix}x&0&0\\1&1&0\\x&0&0\end{bmatrix}}B_{2}={\begin{bmatrix}x&1&x\\0&1&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}B_{3}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&x\\0&1&1\\0&0&x\end{bmatrix}}B_{4}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&0\\0&1&0\\x&1&x\end{bmatrix}}$
$B_{5}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}B_{6}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&1\\0&1&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}}B_{7}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}}B_{8}={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&0\\0&1&0\\1&0&0\end{bmatrix}}$
The x in the arrays indicates a “don’t care” condition i.e. the image could have either a 1 or a 0 in the spot.

### Step 1: Thinning

Apply this step a given (n) times to eliminate any branch with (n) or less pixels.
$X_{1}=A\otimes \{B\}$

### Step 2: Find End Points

Wherever the structuring elements are satisfied, the center of the 3x3 matrix is considered an endpoint.
$X_{2}=\bigcup _{k=1}^{8}(X_{1}\circledast B^{k})$

### Step 3: Dilate End Points

Perform dilation using a 3x3 matrix (H) consisting of all 1's and only insert 1's where the original image (A) also had a 1. Perform this for each endpoint in all direction (n) times.
$X_{3}=(X_{2}\oplus H)\cap A$

### Step 4: Union of X$_1$ & X$_3$

Take the result from step 1 and union it with step 3 to achieve the final results.
$X_{4}=X_{1}\cup X_{3}$

## MATLAB Example

In the MATLAB example below, it takes the original image (below left) and skeletonize it 40 times then prunes the image to remove the spurs as per the MATLAB code above. As shown (below right) this removed the majority of all spurs resulting in a cleaner image.
| Original Image | Image Skeleton | Skeleton Image Pruned |
# Timeline of Portuguese history (First Republic)

This is a historical timeline of Portugal.

## First Republic
### 1910

* October 4 - Beginning of the Republican Revolution. The Republic is proclaimed in Loures, just north of Lisbon.
* October 5
** The Republican Revolution, supported by popular uprising and virtually no resistance, is victorious and puts an end to the Monarchy.
** The last King of Portugal, Manuel II of Portugal, and the Portuguese Royal Family embark in Ericeira for exile in England.
** The Republic is officially proclaimed in Lisbon.

### 1917

* Portugal joins the allied forces in World War I.

### 1921

* The Portuguese Communist Party was founded from the ranks of the Portuguese Maximalist Federation as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International.

### 1925

* Bernardino Machado is elected President of the Republic for the 2nd time.

### 1926

* The 28 May 1926 military coup d'état ends the 1st Portuguese Republic.
# Magic Windows

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
Magic Windows is the twenty-fifth album by jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, released on September 29, 1981, on Columbia. This album continues his collaboration with associate producer Jeffrey Cohen, who co-wrote four of the tracks on the album. Additionally, the track "Satisfied with Love" was co-written by his sister, Jean Hancock. Musicians involved in this album include guitarists Wah-Wah Watson, Ray Parker Jr. and Adrian Belew, vocalist Sylvester and percussionists Sheila E. and Paulinho da Costa.

## Track listing

* "Magic Number" (David Rubinson, Hancock, Jeffrey Cohen) – 7:24
* "Tonight's the Night" (Hancock, Jeffrey Cohen, Ray Parker Jr.) – 6:31
* "Everybody's Broke" (Alphonse Mouzon, Gavin Christopher, Hancock, Jeffrey Cohen) – 7:11
* "Help Yourself" (David Rubinson, Gavin Christopher, Hancock, Jeffrey Cohen) – 6:43
* "Satisfied with Love" (Hancock, Jean Hancock) – 6:31
* "The Twilight Clone" (Adrian Belew, Hancock) – 8:19

## Synthesisers

Amongst the other synthesizers employed on this album, an Alpha Syntauri (enhanced Apple II computer) was used for some of the tracks.
Liner-notes on the CD version, from "Jazz Originals Series", say "There are no strings, or other orchestral instruments on this album. All of these orchestrations are performed by Herbie Hancock on various synthesizers."

## Personnel

* Herbie Hancock - E-mu Polyphonic keyboard, E-mu Emulator, clavitar, Minimoog, Prophet 5, Oberheim Eight Voice, Yamaha CS-80, ARP Odyssey, ARP 2600, Hohner clavinet, Rhodes 88 Suitcase piano, Sennheiser, Linn LM-1 drum computer, modified Apple II+ computer, acoustic piano, bass (2), backing vocals (3)
* Michael Brecker - tenor saxophone (2, 4)
* Ray Parker Jr. (1–2), George Johnson (3, 6), Al McKay (4), Wah-Wah Watson (5), Adrian Belew (6) - guitar
* Freddie Washington (1, 5), Louis Johnson (3, 6), Ed Watkins (4) - bass
* John Robinson (1, 3), Ray Parker Jr. (2), James Gadson (4), Alphonse Mouzon (5) - drums
* Kwasi Dzidzornu, Kwawu Ladzekpo, Moody Perry III - bells, Ghanaian drums (6)
* Juan Escovedo, Pete Escovedo, Sheila Escovedo (1), Paulinho da Costa (6) - percussion
* Sylvester (1), Vicki Randle (2), Gavin Christopher (3–5) - lead vocals
* Jeanie Tracy (1), Dede Dickerson, Ngoh Spencer and Vicki Randle (2–4), David Bottom and Jeffrey Cohen (3), Julia, Luther, Maxine and Oren Waters (5) - backing vocals
# Aktaş Dağı

Aktas Dağı is a mountain in western Asia, on the international border between Iran and Turkey. It is 2,715 metres (8,907 ft) tall.
# Sir Walter Yonge, 2nd Baronet

Sir Walter Yonge, 2nd Baronet (c. 1625 – 21 November 1670) of Great House, Colyton, and of Mohuns Ottery, both in Devon, was a Member of Parliament for Honiton (1659), for Lyme Regis (1660) and for Dartmouth (1667–70).

## Origins

Yonge was the son and heir of Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet (1603–1663), of Colyton by his wife Elizabeth Strode, daughter of Sir William Strode (1562–1637) of Newnham in the parish of Plympton St Mary, Devon, seven times a Member of Parliament, for Devon in 1597 and 1624, for Plympton Erle in 1601, 1604, 1621 and 1625, and for Plymouth in 1614, Sheriff of Devon 1593-4 and Deputy Lieutenant of Devon in 1599.

## Career

He was educated in Leyden and the Inner Temple. In 1659 he was elected Member of Parliament for Honiton, Devon, and in 1660 for Lyme Regis, Dorset, in the Convention Parliament. He inherited the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1663. In 1667 he was elected MP for Dartmouth in Devon, and sat until his death in 1670.
He purchased the manor of Mohuns Ottery intending to move there from Colyton, but died before his planned new mansion house there was completed. According to the Devon historian Polwhele (died 1838), he "had begun to build a seat at the ancient mansion of Mohuns Ottery in the parish of Luppitt, near Ottery, but Sir Walter Yonge, taking a liking to the situation of Escot, purchased it and immediately began to build the present seat". This was his son and heir Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet (1653–1731), who in about 1680 built Escot House in the parish of Talaton, Devon.

## Marriage and children

In 1649 Yonge married Isabel Davie (died 1673), daughter of Sir John Davie, 1st Baronet (c. 1589-1654) of Creedy in the parish of Sandford, Devon, MP for Tiverton 1621–22 and Sheriff of Devon (1629–30). By his wife he had four sons and nine daughters including:
* John Yonge (1651–1668) eldest son and heir apparent who predeceased his father unmarried.
* Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet (1653–1731), second and eldest surviving son and heir.
* Francis Yonge (1655–1673), third son
* Charles Yonge (born 1658), fourth son
* Isabella Yonge (born 1650), who married Richard Duke (1652–1733), lord of the manor of Otterton, Devon, four times MP for Ashburton, 1679, 1695, 1698 and 1701.
# Geo TV

Geo Television is a television channel based in Pakistan. It was established in May 2002 and is owned by the Jang Media Group. The channel began its test transmission on 14 August 2002, with regular transmission beginning on 1 October 2002.

## History

Geo Network was founded in May 2002 by Mir Shakil-ur-Rahman. It started out with the launch of its flagship channel Geo News, in October 2002.

## Technical

Geo TV's broadcast facilities are based at Dubai Media City, in the United Arab Emirates. Its uplink teleport station is Samacom, the uplink provider in the UAE. Geo TV is currently being aired on Paksat 1R.

## Controversies

According to Declan Walsh, some militant outfits including Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, and Muttahida Qaumi Movement's alleged militant wing have infiltrated the Geo group that helped them in executing the murder of Wali Khan Babar and the attack on the Pakistan Navy's aviation base in 2011.
# 1969 All-South Independent football team

The 1969 All-South Independent football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press for their All-South independent teams for the 1969 NCAA University Division football season.

## Offense

Quarterback
* Bill Cappleman, Florida State
Running backs
* Tom Bailey, Florida State
* Vincent Opalsky, Miami
Wide receivers
* Jim Tyson, Florida State
* Billy Mikel, Southern Miss
Offensive tackles
* Bart Graves-Tulane
* Bob Shepherd, Southern Miss
Offensive guards
* Joe Vitunic-Georgia Tech
* Chip DeWitt-Tulane
Center
* Bill Schneider-Miami

## Defense

Defensive ends
* Tony Cline, Miami
* Ron Wallace, Florida State
Defensive tackles
* Rock Perdoni, Georgia Tech
* Mike Walker, Tulane
* Radell Key, Southern Miss
Linebackers
* Rick Kingrea, Tulane
* Bill Lohse, Florida state
* Dick Sorensen, Miami
Defensive backs
* Joe Bullard, Tulane
* Jeff Ford, Georgia tech
# Retromammary space

Retromammary space is a loose areolar tissue that separates the breast from the pectoralis major muscle. The retromammary space is often the site of breast implantation due to its location away from key nerves and structures that support the breast.