OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josef Mánes

Josef Mánes (12 May 1820, Prague – 9 December 1871, Prague) was a Czech painter.

## Life

He came from a family of painters, which included his father Antonín, his uncle and Director of the Prague Art Academy Václav, his brother Quido and his sister Amalie.
His first painting lessons naturally came from his father. From 1835 to 1844, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague, under Professors František Tkadlík and Christian Ruben. He continued his studies in Munich for two years. Upon his return, an affair with the family's maid had unpleasant results and created an estrangement with some members of his family that left him in a state of severe depression. He found refuge in the patronage of Count Bedřich Silva-Tarouca , living and working at his castle in Čechy pod Kosířem for twenty years. From there, he made many trips throughout Moravia, Upper Hungary (Slovakia) and Poland.
He took an active role in many artistic, literary and patriotic societies. He also participated in Sokol, an athletic organization for young men, designing uniforms and other materials for them. In 1857, he visited Italy and, three years later, took a trip to Russia, from which he returned mentally disturbed.
From 1866, his mental state worsened rapidly, afflicting him with bizarre behavior and obsessions. A recuperative trip to Italy failed to improve his health and he died in 1871, after much suffering. It is believed that his brain had been affected by syphilis or meningitis.

## Work and honors

He produced many paintings in every genre from landscapes and portraits to ethnographic and botanical studies. He even did paintings of the twelve months (Calendar plate) in face of the Prague Astronomical Clock. Although his work was little understood or appreciated in his lifetime, he is now considered to be among the greatest Czech painters.
In 1887, the Mánes Union of Fine Arts was created in his honor. One of the central bridges over the Vltava River bears his name and includes a statue of the painter at the Old Town end. His image has appeared on several Czechoslovak and Czech postage stamps.

## Gallery

* Josefína (Josephine)
* Milenci (Lovers)
* Sestry Františka a Serafína Kolowrat Krakowských
* Slovácká rodina (Family of Slovácko)
* Švadlenka (Seamstress)
* sketch
* Face of the Prague Astronomical Clock (painted 1864–66)
# Sushi machine

A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi. Several are electrically powered. Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri. This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected. After the rice mounds are ejected, sliced raw fish, and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them. Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as fish, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces. Some roll machines are adjustable to change settings for roll length and thickness. Sushi restaurants and food service operations may use sushi machines to reduce labor costs. Sushi prepared with electric sushi machines may be priced lower at retail stores and outlets compared to that prepared solely by humans. Some sushi machines are manually operated and function without the use of electricity.
* Ingredients in a manually operated sushi roll machine
* Nori being wrapped around the roll

## Manufacturers

An electric-powered sushi machine manufactured by Suzumo named Sushibot can produce up to 3,600 mounds of sushi rice per hour. Another Suzumo sushi machine produces up to 400 sushi rice mounds per hour. Suzumo is Japan's largest manufacturer of sushi machines, and the company has claimed to have invented the sushi machine in 1981. Suzumo held a market share of over 60% in the sushi machine category in April 2013. Additional manufacturers of sushi machines include Autec, Robotic Sushi and Taiko Enterprises, both of which produce several models. Robotic Sushi manufactures several industrial-sized and tabletop-style sushi machines, and one of Taiko Enterprises' models is designed to emulate sushi as prepared by humans. Autec, a subsidiary of audio equipment manufacturer Audio-Technica, is one of the largest companies in this field, and holds the second-highest market share in “shari-tama” (rice ball) rolling machines. They manufacture several models of sushi machines for commercial use. In 2014, Autec launched a new model that automatically produces shari, the style of rice prepared specifically for sushi. Sushi Machines is a company in Yorkshire, England, that manufactures manually operated sushi machines.
# Josif Dorfman

Josif (Josef, Iossif, Iosif) Davidovich Dorfman (born 1 May 1952, Zhytomyr) is a Soviet-French chess Grandmaster, coach, and chess writer.

## Tournament results

Dorfman played in several USSR championships. In 1975, he took thirteenth in Yerevan (43rd URS-ch; Tigran Petrosian won). In 1976, he finished fifth in Moscow in the 44th Soviet championship as Anatoly Karpov won by a full point over Yuri Balashov. One of his most emphatic victories occurred in qualification for this championship, at the 1976 First League tournament, where he finished 1½ points clear of the field (+6 =11). In 1977, he was joint USSR Champion with Boris Gulko (both +4 =11, ahead of Petrosian, Polugaevsky and Tal). The subsequent play-off match was drawn (+1 –1 =4). In 1978, Dorfman shared thirteenth in Tbilisi as Tal won. In 1981, he tied for 8-9th in Frunze; Lev Psakhis and Garry Kasparov won). In 1984, he took 12th in Lvov (51st URS-ch; Andrei Sokolov won).
In international tournaments, Dorfman tied for second at Pécs 1976, finished second to Smyslov at São Paulo 1978, tied for second at Polanica Zdrój 1978, one-half point behind Mikhail Tseitlin, 1st-3rd at Djakarta 1979, 3rd-5th at Manila 1979. He won at Zamardi 1980. He was a winner at Warsaw 1983 (+6, =8), was 1st= at Lvov 1984, 1st at Moscow 1985, and 5th= at Minsk 1986.
In 1998, Dorfman won the French Chess Championship in Méribel (73rd FRA-ch). Two years later, he was runner-up to his former student, Bacrot.
He played for France in three Chess Olympiads.
* In 1998, at 2nd board in the 33rd Chess Olympiad in Elista (+3 –0 =6);
* In 2002, at 2nd board in the 35th Chess Olympiad in Bled (+1 –1 =8);
* In 2004, at 3rd board in the 36th Chess Olympiad in Calvià (+2 –0 =8).
Dorfman was awarded the IM title in 1977 and the GM title in 1978.

## Coach

He acted as one of Garry Kasparov's seconds in his first four World Championship matches against Anatoly Karpov. Later Dorfman moved to France. He coached the French player Étienne Bacrot from age nine to Grandmaster level, when he became France's and the world's youngest ever.
In 2004 Dorfman was awarded the title of FIDE Senior Trainer.

## Commentator

In April 2019, Dorfman joined chess24 as one of the site's commentators and coaches together with Laurent Fressinet and Jean-Baptiste Mullon.

## Books

* Dorfman, Iossif (2001). The Method in Chess. Sarl Game Mind. ISBN 978-2957289028.
* Dorfman, Iossif (2002). The Critical Moment. Sarl Game Mind. ISBN 978-2847350029.

## Notable games

* Petar Velikov vs Josif D Dorfman, Palma de Mallorca (GMA) 1989, Zukertort Opening: Kingside Fianchetto (A04), 0-1
* Josif D Dorfman vs Yuri Razuvaev, Elenite 1992, English Opening: King's English Variation, General (A20), 1-0
# Juan Morillo (baseball)

Juan Bautista Morillo (born November 5, 1983) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. He played in the 2005 All-Star Futures Game in Detroit.
While playing with the Double-A Tulsa Drillers in 2007, Morillo had a record of 6–4 in 57.1 innings pitched, with 59 strikeouts and 2.35 ERA.
Morillo has a 95-100 mph fastball, but his slider is inconsistent and his control is below average.
Morillo made the opening-day roster of the Colorado Rockies in 2009. On April 10, 2009, Morillo was designated for assignment by the Rockies to make way for Matt Belisle.
He was claimed off waivers by the Minnesota Twins on April 17, 2009, replacing Philip Humber who was designated for assignment.
On Thursday, April 29, 2009, Morillo was designated for assignment to make room for Joe Mauer, who was coming back from a back injury suffered before spring training.
On November 17, 2009, Morillo signed to play with the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles of the Japanese Pacific League.
Morillo opened the 2012 season with Double-A Reading.
In November 2015, he was selected to the roster for the Dominican Republic national baseball team at the 2015 WBSC Premier12.
# In the Mountains of Virginia

In the Mountains of Virginia is a 1913 American silent short drama film directed by G.P. Hamilton starring Harry Van Meter, Jacques Jaccard, Louise Lester, Charles Morrison, Jack Richardson, and Vivian Rich.
# Dappula V

Dappula V was King of Anuradhapura in the 10th century, whose reign lasted from 940 to 952. He succeeded his brother Dappula IV as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Udaya II.
# Leviton's gecko

Leviton's gecko (Altiphylax levitoni) is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Asia.

## Etymology

The specific name, levitoni, is in honor of American herpetologist Alan E. Leviton (born 1930).

## Geographic range

A. levitoni is found in northeastern Afghanistan.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of A. levitoni is rocky areas of shrubland and forest, at altitudes of 1,800–2,300 m (5,900–7,500 ft), but it has also been found on buildings and rock walls in villages.

## Reproduction

A. levitoni is oviparous.
# Holton (surname)

Holton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brian Holton, baseball player
* Cliff Holton, English footballer
* David Holton, professor of Modern Greek
* DeShaun Holton (1973-2006), musician/rapper
* Edward D. Holton, American politician and businessman
* Gary Holton, actor and musician
* Gary Holton (linguist), American linguist
* Gerald Holton, professor of physics
* Hart Benton Holton, American politician
* Henry Dwight Holton, American physician and politician from Vermont
* Jim Holton, football player
* Linwood Holton (1923–2021), American politician from Virginia
* Luther Hamilton Holton, politician and businessman
* Michael Holton (born 1961), American basketball player and coach
* Mark Holton, actor
* Pat Holton, football player
* Richard Holton, British philosopher
* Richard H. Holton (1926-2005), American economist
* Robert A. Holton, chemist
* Tyler Holton, American baseball player
* Woody Holton, historian
# Dwayne Thompson

Dwayne Thompson (born October 6, 1950) is an American politician. He is a Democrat who represented District 96 in the Tennessee House of Representatives for four terms.

## Political career

In 2014, Thompson ran for election to represent District 10 in the Tennessee House of Representatives, but lost to Republican incumbent Steve McManus. In 2016, he ran again, and defeated McManus in a race decided by 365 votes. Thompson was re-elected in 2018, and is running again in 2020.
As of June 2020, Thompson sits on the following committees:
* Consumer and Human Resources Committee
* Consumer and Human Resources Subcommittee
* Insurance Committee
* Property & Casualty Subcommittee

### Electoral record

2014 general election: Tennessee House of Representatives, District 96 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Steve McManus | 9,990 | 62% |
| | Democratic | Dwayne Thompson | 6,123 | 38% |
2016 Democratic primary: Tennessee House of Representatives, District 96 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Dwayne Thompson | 1,481 | 60.08% |
| | Democratic | Earl LeFlore | 984 | 39.92% |
2016 general election: Tennessee House of Representatives, District 96 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Dwayne Thompson | 14,150 | 50.65% |
| | Republican | Steve McManus | 13,785 | 49.35% |
Thompson was unopposed in the 2018 Democratic primary for the District 96 seat.
2018 general election: Tennessee House of Representatives, District 96 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Dwayne Thompson | 14,829 | 57.4% |
| | Republican | Scott McCormick | 11,007 | 42.6% |
# Academy of Korean Studies

The Academy of Korean Studies (AKS; Korean: 한국학중앙연구원; lit. Korean Studies Central Research Institute) is a South Korean research and educational institute focusing on Korean studies. It was established on June 22, 1978, by the Ministry of Education & Science Technology.

## Works

Journals
* Korea Journal
* Review of Korean Studies
* Korean Studies Quarterly
The following journals are not published by the AKS, but are often incorrectly assumed to be:
* Korean Studies, Hawaii
* The Journal of Korean Studies, Seattle
* Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
* Acta Koreana
# Polyommatinae

Polyommatinae, the blues, are a diverse subfamily of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). This subfamily of butterfly was discovered in 1775. These butterflies have been considered one of the poorest studied groups within the family Lycaenidae.
Polymatus means many eyes. The blues derive its common name from the males of most species.
This subfamily was long used to assign taxa of unclear relationships, and its contents and phylogeny are still in need of revision. The following four tribes are generally recognized within Polyommatinae, with Polyommatini comprising most of the genera and species:
* Candalidini Eliot 1973
* Lycaenesthini Toxopeus 1929
* Niphandini Eliot 1973
* Polyommatini Swainson 1827
The Polyommatinae have variations of blue wing coloration which are due to the differences in the nanostructure of the body scales. The upper sides of the wings are covered in blue reflecting scales. Females have some blue scales at the base of its wings, but its main color is brown. The color of the butterfly is understood to be species-specific, and indicates genetic variation.
The eyes of the Polyommatinae can be hairy or hairless depending on where it's from and how each tribe evolved. All species of the Lycaenidae family, except Genus of Everes, lack tails on the hindwing. The Polyommatinae has a false head on the back of its wings. Almost all Polyommatinae have dots on the underside of its wings, with a medium to small wingspan ranging from .6-1.25 inches. Along with its wingspan, the Polyommatinae is a small butterfly. There are only 38 total species within the Polyommatinae sub family, with only two being from Europe. Most species of the Polyommatinae are found on the eastern side of the United States.
Male Polyommantinae blue butterflies possess a complex system of androconia. Androconia refers to the scent scales on the butterflies' wings that attract mates. Along with these scent scales, the complexity of how the nanoarchitectures interact with white light is very important to support their formation and rigorous reproduction in subsequent generations. It has been demonstrated that these receptors and scales play an important role in the sexual communication of Polyommantinae butterflies in potential mate and competitor recognition.
# Venus trojan

A Venus trojan is an asteroid that orbits the Sun in the vicinity of Venus. Trojans travel in Venus-Sun Lagrangian points L$_4$.; leading 60° or L$_5$; trailing 60°. 2013 ND15 is the only known trojan of Venus, and is located at Venus' Lagrangian point L$_4$.
Such trojans have little gravitational effect on Venus, which means trojans in Venus’s Lagrange points could’ve been put there by gravitational scattering, stating that the other inner planets (with little contribution from the outer planets) gravitationally pulled asteroids into a proper trajectory towards Venus (this was as the planets were being pulled more towards their present day orbits).
Characteristics of Venusian trojans range from them being a few kilometers. According to a Minor Planet Center list, it doesn’t list 2013 ND$_{15}$, as it’s only passed 0.077 AU from Earth on 21 June 2016.
List of Venus trojans :
| Designation | Cloud | Semimajor axis (AU) | Perihelion (AU) | Eccentricity | Inclination (°) | (H) | Diameter (m) |
| 2013 ND$_{15}$ | L4 | 1.20 | 0.72 | 0.39 | 2.65 | 18.3 | 0.6±0.8 |

## Exploration

The only known temporary trojan of Venus is 2013 ND$_{15}$, and orbits Venus in a tadpole orbit around Venus' Lagrangian point L$_4$. The trojan was discovered in July 2013 by N. Primak, A. Schultz, T. Goggia and K. Chambers. The astronomers were observing for NASA’s Pan-STARRS project.
The asteroids characteristics were used for a simulation, where it was proven that it was a viable trojan of Venus, the first of its kind.
Just like most asteroids in our Solar system, it’s hypothesized that the asteroids surface is covered in metal-rich minerals: silicates and carbonates, although no information has been provided to support other minerals’ presence on the asteroid.
# Rhetus

Rhetus is a Neotropical metalmark butterfly genus. They are small (wingspan 25–30 mm), fast flying, strikingly iridescent, and have long wing tails. They are found in open areas, including tracks of primary rainforest.
The genus was erected by William Swainson in 1829.
In older literature, all three species were placed in the genus Diorina Morisse 1838 currently viewed as a subjective junior synonym, the older name having priority.
Rhetus periander often features in butterfly wall displays.

## Subspecies

There are three species:
* Rhetus arcius (Linnaeus, 1763) – paler than R. periander and with longer thinner tails
* Rhetus dysonii (Saunders, 1850) – outer margins of the forewings convex, distinct white bands, and white markings on the tail
* Rhetus periander (Cramer, [1777]) – commonest and most widespread
# Ilya Kalachyov

Ilya Andreyevich Kalachyov (Russian: Илья Андреевич Калачёв; born 18 January 2000) is a Russian football player who plays for Belarusian club Dinamo Minsk.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Tom Tomsk on 4 October 2020 in a game against FC Torpedo Moscow.
# Disposable towel

A disposable towel is a single-use alternative to a reusable cloth towel. Disposable materials were originally designed for healthcare delivery and have been introduced to industries outside of healthcare systems, such as resorts, hotels, hospitality, exercise facilities and households.
Disposable towels are used to enhance infection control, convenience and decrease economic expenditure. Disposable towels are used in fields requiring sanitary conditions for minor, precise, or dirty jobs of cleaning and drying.
# John D. Johns

John D. Johns (born February 8, 1952) was born in Gadsden, Alabama to J. D. and Margaret Griffin Johns. He graduated with honors in 1974 from the University of Alabama. Johns was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as president of the Jasons Honor Society and Kappa Alpha Order. He then earned a dual juris doctor from Harvard Law School and master of business administration from Harvard Business School in 1978.
Johns joined the Protective Life Corporation in 1993 as Executive Vice President and CFO. He served as chairman, president and CEO of Protective Life Corporation from 2002 to 2017, and as executive chairman from 2017 to 2019. Earlier in his career, Johns served as General Counsel at Sonat and helped found Maynard Cooper & Gale, a law firm in Birmingham, Alabama. He was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor in late 2013, in part for his nine years of service to the Alabama Commission on Higher Education.
# W. T. McLain

William Tyler "Fatty" McLain (June 4, 1885 – July 4, 1938) was an American college football player, lawyer, and politician. McLain was once Attorney-General of Tennessee's Fifteenth District, Shelby County.

## Vanderbilt

McLain was an All-Southern college football guard for Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores. He was captain-elect for 1909. At Vanderbilt, he was a member of Kappa Alpha Order.
# Kaidar Karakulov

Major General Kaidar Samigullovich Karakulov (Russian: Кайдар Самигуллович Каракулов) is a Kazakh general. He is currently the commander the Regional Command "South" of the Kazakh Ground Forces.
He was born 9 June 1974 in the Buguruslansky District of the Orenburg Oblast in the RSFSR. In 1991, he joined the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher All-Arms Command School. Ten years later, he graduated from the National Defense University. In 2012, he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. Between his educational studies, he served as a tank platoon commander, a commander of a motorized rifle company, deputy brigade commander, and chief of staff in the office of a commander of forces. In 2010, he led the Kazakh contingent form the Honor Guard Company of the Ministry of Defense during the 2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade. By the decree of President Nursultan Nazarbayev on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Kazakh military, he was awarded the rank of Major General. In November 2016, he was appointed commander of units in the capital Astana. On 18 April 2018, he was relieved of his post as commander of the Astana Regional Command and was appointed commander of the Airborne Assault Forces of the Ground Forces. On 4 May 2019, he was appointed commander of the Southern Regional Command.
He is married to Roza Rakimzhanovna Karakulova, with whom he has 3 children.
# Karolina Jensen

Karolina Legaard Jensen (born 8 May 2003) is a Danish female curler from Kastrup.

## Personal life

As of 2020, Jensen is a student. Her mother is fellow curler Angelina Jensen and her aunt is Camilla Jensen.

## Teams
### Women's

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2019–20 | Mathilde Halse | Jasmin Lander | Karolina Jensen | My Larsen | Gabriella Qvist | Mikael Qvist | ECC 2019 (7th) WJBCC 2019 (Dec) WJCC 2020 (6th) |
| 2021–22 | Karolina Jensen | Gabriella Qvist | Natalie Wiksten | Maja Bidstrup Nyboe | Signe Schack | Angelina Jensen | WJCC 2022 (10th) |
| 2022-23 | Karolina Jensen | Gabriella Qvist | Natalie Wiksten | Katrine Schmidt | Maja Bidstrup Nyboe | | WJBCC 2022 (5th) |

### Mixed

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2018–19 | Karolina Jensen | Kilian Jacobsen | Gabriella Qvist | Sean Søndergaard-Nielsen | | Angelina Jensen | EYOWF 2019 (5th) |
| 2019–20 | Jonathan Vilandt | Karolina Jensen | Kilian Thune | Natalie Wiksten | | Lars Vilandt | WYOG 2020 (13th) |

### Mixed doubles

| Season | Male | Female | Coach | Events |
| 2019–20 | Zhai Zhixin | Karolina Jensen | Lars Vilandt | WYOG 2020 (13th) |
# Karun 4 Arch Bridge

The Karun 4 (Karun IV) Arch Bridge is an arch deck bridge in Lordegan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.
It has a 378 metres (1,240 ft) arch span. The 378 metres (1,240 ft) total length of the bridge comprises 15+17+300+17+17+12m span arrangement. This arch deck bridge has an orthotropic deck system with 11.8 metres (39 ft) total width which incorporates a two-way carriageway and a walkway at each side. It weighs 3875 tons and is constructed of 1212 pieces. The bridge construction finished in 2013 and opened to traffic in 2015.
The bridge flies over Karun-4 Dam Reservoir in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. The deck is located 245 metres (804 ft) above the reservoir's bed and 70 metres (230 ft) above the N.W.L. Access to the bridge is possible by driving through a couple of tunnels with 550 metres (1,800 ft) and 450 metres (1,480 ft) length at two sides of bridge.