OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques Guillaume Thouret

Jacques Guillaume Thouret (French pronunciation:; 30 April 1746 – 22 April 1794) was a French Girondin revolutionary, lawyer, president of the National Constituent Assembly and victim of the guillotine.

## Biography

Born at Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados (Normandy) to a notary father, Thouret became an avocat at the parlement of Rouen in 1773, and in 1787 produced a much-approved report on the state of Normandy. His brother, Michel Augustin Thouret (1748–1810), a physician, was a key opponent of the ideas of Franz Mesmer and a promoter of vaccination in France.

### National Assembly

In 1788 he participated in the agitation that contributed to the recall of the Estates-General. Thouret was elected deputy to the Estates-General by the third estate of Rouen, and was instrumental in composing the local cahiers de doléances. In the Constituent Assembly (beginning 17 June 1789) his eloquence gained him great influence. Like so many lawyers of his time, he was violently opposed to the clergy, and strongly supported the secularization of church property. He also advocated the suppression of the religious orders and of all ecclesiastical privileges, and actively contributed to the change of the judiciary and administrative system; in particular, he demanded the writing of a uniform civil code. He was four times elected president of the Constituent Assembly (3 August 1789, declined to serve; 12–23 November 1789; 8–27 May 1790; 11–30 September 1791, the final sessions of the Assembly), which is more times than anyone else.

### Constitutional Committee

Thouret joined the Constitutional Committee late in September 1789. Article five of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted on his initiative, but his most important efforts surrounded the process by which France was divided into départements though 1790.
On 3 September 1791, a deputation of sixty members of the Constituent Assembly under the presidency of Thouret presented the 1791 Constitution to Louis XVI; on 13 September, the King addressed the Assembly, declaring that he accepted the Constitution.

### Later days

After the Assembly's dissolution, Thouret became a member, and then in 1793 president, of the Court of Cassation.
He was included in the proscription of the Girondists, whose political opinions he shared, and was guillotined in Paris, during the Reign of Terror, the same day as fellow Constitutional Committee member Isaac René Guy le Chapelier, and defense attorney for Louis XVI, Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes.

## Legacy

A bust of Thouret created in 1879 by Jules-Constant Destreez can be seen in the gallery of the second floor of the Court of Cassation.
A bust of Thouret and dedication plaque can also be seen in Rue Thouret, Rouen, a street named in his honour.

## Works

Besides his speeches and reports he wrote:
* Tableau chronologique de l'Histoire ancienne et moderne
* Discours de M. Thouret devant l'Assemblée nationale fait au nom du comité de la Constitution : Sur l'obligation du roi de résider dans le royaume (1790)
* Abrégé des révolutions de l'ancien gouvernement français
# Resaca (channel)

Resaca is the name given to a type of oxbow lake in the southern half of Cameron County, Texas. The resacas constitute former channels of the Rio Grande and are naturally cut off from the river, having no inlet or outlet.

## History

The Rio Grande's water moves from Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico. Every year during spring, melted snow would flow into the Rio Grande, bringing seasonal flood waters to the most southern tip of Texas. Given the overflow of the river's main and distributary channel banks, the Rio Grande would carve new river channels, known as resacas. When the seasonal flooding ended and the river retreated, the newly formed oxbow lakes remained, creating resacas all throughout the Rio Grande Valley.

### Etymology

There are two explanations for the origin of the word resaca. The first explanation holds that it is a contraction of the Spanish phrase rio seco (dry river). The second explanation is that the word stems from the Spanish word resacar (to retake). The latter is the most plausible explanation given that the primary geological function of a resaca is to divert and dissipate floodwater from the river.
The word resaca is a regionalism. Elsewhere, these are referred to as oxbow lakes.
# Julian Byzantine

Julian Byzantine is a British classical guitarist who has performed all over the world at venues such as Carnegie Hall, Royal Festival Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Wigmore Hall, and the Sydney Opera House.
Born in London, of Armenian descent, he was appointed a professor at the Royal College of Music (succeeding John Williams) at the age of 21, the youngest person to be awarded the post at the time. He now lives in Australia, where he is head of classical guitar studies at Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University.
# Peak Church

The Mt. Gough Peak Protestant Church, also called the Peak Church (or Peak Chapel) was a Protestant chapel of ease in the Peak District of Hong Kong Island and held its first service in June 1883. It was "... an unpretending structure in the similitude of a jelly mould ..." which explains its affectionate nickname The Jelly Mould.
Sunday Services were in the late afternoon (4:30 or 5:30 pm). The first three Sundays was a Church of England service, with a Presbyterian service on the fourth. 50 years later - in the 1930s, the only regular Anglican service was 7:30 on Thursday, but the church was regularly used by the Scandinavian Mission to Seamen.
The last service was held on Christmas Day, 1941 - the day Hong Kong was surrendered to the Japanese. The sermon was given by Rev. Charles Higgins. His wife, Mary Atkinson Tyng Higgins, may have been the woman who took the cross from the Peak Church to Stanley Internment Camp where it was used during services in camp during the war. The cross is still in use at St. Stephen's Chapel in Stanley.
Peak Church was destroyed by a shell during World War II and not rebuilt. Rev. Johan Nielsen, the Norwegian Seamen's Mission pastor who had been holding services there up until the Japanese attack, tells of finding the building "blown to bits," with nothing left but ninety hymnals. Its lease expired in 1958 and, lacking church endowments, parish and congregation, it was decided to return the land to the Government, give the cross to St. Stephen's College and the font to be used in another church. The location, Rural Building Lot 23, is now a public playground near the Peak Fire Station on Peak Road opposite Bluff Path (Chinese: 百祿徑). The records of the Peak Church are held by the Hong Kong Public Records Office.
# Stampe et Vertongen

Stampe et Vertongen was a Belgian aircraft manufacturer formed in 1922 and based at Antwerp. The company specialised in design and construction of primary trainers/tourers and advanced trainers. One of their products—the Stampe-Vertongen SV.4—has become known in certain countries as just Stampe.

## History

Established in 1922 with Alfred Renard as its chief designer, the company designed a series of trainer/tourer aircraft in the 1920s and 1930s, all prefixed RSV (for Renard, Stampe & Vertongen). In the early 1930s Alfred Renard left to join a company he had formed with his brother Georges Renard Société Anonyme d'Avions et de Moteurs Renard. The RSV company designation prefix then changed to SV. The company's most successful design was the SV.4 of 1933, a light tourer/trainer biplane powered by a de Havilland Gipsy III engine. Although only 35 were produced before the start of the war, a total of 940 were built, mainly under licence by other companies.
The company was renamed Stampe et Renard when Stampe-Vertongen merged with the Renard company. Owing to the German invasion production ceased on 10 May 1940. Post-war activities did not meet with much success, and the company closed down in 1957.

## Aircraft

* RSV.20-100 parasol-wing monoplane
* RSV.22-180 trainer biplane (variant: RSV.22-200)
* RSV.22-Lynx advanced trainer biplane
* RSV.22-Titan military biplane
* RSV.23-180 trainer biplane
* RSV.26-100 trainer/tourer biplane, convertible into a monoplane (variants: RSV.18-100, RSV.18-105)
* RSV.26-140 trainer biplane (variants: RSV.26-180, RSV.26-Lynx)
* RSV.28-180 advanced trainer biplane
* RSV.32-90 trainer biplane (variants: RSV.32-100, RSV.32-105, RSV.32-110, RSV.32-120, RSV.32-130)
* SV.4 trainer/tourer biplane
* SV.5 military training biplane
* SV.7 reconnaissance-bomber
* SV.10 biplane bomber
* SV.18 lightweight parasol wing monoplane
# Arab Volleyball Association

Arab Volleyball Association (AVA) (Arabic: الاتحاد العربي للكرة الطائرة) is the governing body of volleyball in the Arab states. Its headquarters are located in Kuwait, Kuwait.

## History

The Arab Volleyball Association (AVBA) was established on 12 January 1975 in by Ceylin Bayman.Baghdad, Iraq.

## Members

| Asia AVC  Iraq - 1975  Palestine - 1975  Kuwait - 1975  Yemen - 1975  Bahrain - 1975  Jordan - 1975  United Arab Emirates - 1975  Qatar - 1975  Saudi Arabia - 1976  Oman  Syria  Lebanon | Africa CAVB  Egypt - 1975  Libya - 1975  Sudan - 1975  Tunisia  Algeria  Morocco |

## Competitions

| National Teams Arab Championship Arab Games Afro-Arab Volleyball Friendship Cup (defunct) Arab Beach Volleyball Championship | Youth Arab Youth Championship | Clubs Arab Clubs Championship Arab Volleyball Clubs Cup Winners | Women Women's Arab Clubs Championship |
# Tin Maung

Tin Maung (Burmese: တင်မောင်; 7 August 1908 – 4 October 2000) was a two-time Burmese Academy Award-winning film actor, director and producer.

## Biography

Tin Maung was born in Pyay, a small town in Lower Burma during the British colonial rule. The youngest brother of Nyi Pu, a famous Burmese actor of early Burmese cinema, Tin Maung began his film career at age 10, in 1923, appearing in Taw Myaing Zon Ga Lwan Aung Phan. In 1934, while enrolled in Rangoon University, Tin Maung joined the A1 Film Company–the preeminent film studio of the time to appear in the film Mya Ganaing. He quickly became known as A1 Tin Maung, one of the studio's stable of stars.
In 1937, Tin Maung directed Aung Thabyay about the final days of King Thibaw, Burma's last monarch, who died an embittered man in exile in India. However, few Burmese got to see it initially, as the colonial government did not allow to the movie to play at theaters. In 1942, during World War II, Tin Maung enlisted in the Burma Independence Army to fight against the British colonialists.
After the war, Tin Maung returned to a film career at A1, increasingly focused on directing. He visited several Asian countries (Indonesia in 1950, India in 1954 and Japan in 1955) to learn directing and film production techniques. He won the Burmese Academy Award for best actor with the 1953 film Yadanabon. He also won another Academy Award for best director with Ko Ye, Toe Ye, Soe Soe Ye in 1967. Tin Maung was chairman of the Film Council (later, Myanmar Motion Picture Organization) from 1964 to 1966.
Tin Maung was married to Tin Tin, and had six children. He lived in Yangon and died on 4 October 2000.

## Filmography

* The Emerald Jungle (1934)
* Ta Lane Nit Lane
* Chit Ta Mya
* Aung Thabyay (1937)
* Chit A Mhya (1940)
* Chit Yay Sin (1940)
* Chit Sa Noe
* Min Kaba Le
* bar ma hti
* Chain Tan Pyi (1948)
* Chit Thet Wai (1952)
* Hpuza Shin
* Pyo Do Maung
* bhain Ma tar ya
* Nit Mwar A Theal
* Moe Nya Einmet Myu
* thu ka Lae chit ya mae
* ta man kyar
* Zarti Thway
* Zin Ma so taw main ka lay
* Chit Myay
* Chit Mone Man
* Yout Sein
* Gone Ye Ma Thu
* Myay De Thitsa
* Latt Oo Sayar
* Po Hnin Phyu
* Yin We Khin Twe Zaw Lay Ye
* a kyaw a mar
* Yadanabon (1953)
* Ko Yal Toe Yal Soe Soe Yal (1967)
# Michelle Dillon

Michelle Dillon (born 24 May 1973 in Wembley, England) is a retired British triathlete.
Dillon's first Olympic triathlon was at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was one of the three British athletes, along with Sian Brice and Andrew Johns, not to finish the competition. Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Dillon finished in sixth place with a time of 2:06:00.77.
Before turning to the triathlon, she was a runner, competing for Australia at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
Michelle has been a coach for many triathletes including Stuart Hayes and Emma Pallant. She returned to competitive sport on 3 April 2016 coming second in the British Duathlon Championships. In 2018 she became 45-49F World Triathlon Champion on the Gold Coast.

## Selected results

* 2000 Summer Olympics: DNF
* 2004 Summer Olympics: 6th, 2:06:00.77
* 2007 Győr ITU World Duathlon Championships: 2nd, 1:54:43
# Pemzashen

40°35′36″N 43°56′24″E﻿ / ﻿40.59333°N 43.94000°E﻿ / 40.59333; 43.94000
Pemzashen (Armenian: Պեմզաշեն) is a village in the Artik Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia. During the Soviet era a sewing factory, construction materials plant, and a parts factory to supply hydro-electric stations were based out of Pemzashen. After the collapse of the USSR, most of the village's residents have found themselves out of work and many of the men have moved to Russia to find jobs. In the past 15 years, over 300 families have moved away from the village. There is also the problem of a lack of irrigation water for crops or household gardens, and the land around the village is not flat or fertile (due to no irrigation). Plans are currently underway to put in an irrigation system.
In the middle of village is a 7th-century church adjacent to the foundations of a 5th-century basilica. Just west of the village off of the main road leading from Pemzashen to Artik is Arakelots Vank of the 11th century. Along the road south to Lernakert, is also Makaravank built in the 10th to 13th centuries, with the church of Surb Sion of 1001. In the gorge below is a small church built on earlier foundations constructed in the 18th century with a hermit's cell cut into the cliff face behind.

## Gallery

* Arakelots Vank northwest corner, 11th century
* Makaravank Church, 10th-13th century
* 18th-century chapel in gorge below Makaravank
# Hjalmar (given name)

Hjalmar is a Scandinavian male given name, from Old Norse Hjálmarr.

## People with the given name Hjalmar

* Hjalmar Andersen (1923–2013), Norwegian speed skater
* Hjalmar Bergman (1883–1931), Swedish author
* Hjalmar Branting (1860–1925), prime minister of Sweden
* Hjalmar Dahl (1891–1960), Finnish journalist, translator and writer
* Hjalmar Fries (1891–1973), Norwegian actor
* Hjalmar Frisell (1880–1967), Swedish military officer
* Hjalmar Frisk (1900–1984), Swedish linguist
* Hjalmar Gullberg (1898–1961), Swedish poet
* Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862-1953), prime minister of Sweden
* Hjalmar Johansen (1867–1913), Norwegian polar explorer
* Hjalmar Mäe (1901–1978), Estonian politician
* Hjalmar Mehr (1910–1979), Swedish politician
* Hjalmar Mellin (1854–1933), Finnish mathematician
* Hjalmar Carl Nygaard (1906–1963), U.S. Representative from North Dakota
* Hjalmar Nygaard (boxer) (1900–1936), Norwegian boxer
* Hjalmar Petersen (1890–1968), American politician
* Hjalmar Peterson, Swedish singer and comedian
* Hjalmar Schacht (1877–1970), German economist, President of the Reichsbank in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany until 1939
* Hjalmar Söderberg (1869–1941), Swedish author
* Hjalmar von Sydow (1862–1932), Swedish lawyer and politician
* Hjalmar Welhaven (1850–1922), Norwegian architect
* Hjalmar Åström (1888–1957), Swedish lieutenant general
Hjalmar may also refer to:
* Hjalmar and Ingeborg, a legendary Swedish couple
* Hjálmar, an Icelandic reggae band
# Nasir Durrani

Nasir Khan Durrani (17 March 1957 – 19 April 2021) was a Pakistani police officer belonging to the 10th CTP who served in BPS-22 grade.

## Biography

Durrani was highly regarded as an honest police officer in the country. In September 2013, he was appointed the Provincial Police Office (Inspector General of Police) of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa thus making him top cop of the province, where he served till March 2017. As Inspector General of Police, Durrani oversaw all patrol and speciality units, and managed department policy that affected Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's many diverse communities. He was a Pashtun, belonging to Durrani tribe.
Durrani's tenure as chief of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police earned him fame and good repute since his policies were admired by the public. Showing his intellect, he managed to establish police specialised schools all over the province which has a vital part to play in raising the standards of policing. He was also credited as a pioneer of the safe city and rapid response projects of KPK police.
After winning the elections in 2018, Imran Khan shared in his first speech to the nation that he had asked Durrani to help improve the police standards of Punjab province. He was subsequently appointed the chairman of the Punjab Police Reform Commission in September 2018, where he served until October 2018.
Nasir Durrani died on 19 April 2021, in Mayo Hospital, Lahore of COVID-19.
# Karur Junction railway station

Karur Junction railway station (station code: KRR) is an NSG–4 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction station located in the city of Karur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated along with Erode and Tiruchirapalli. The station is a junction for incoming trains from Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Dindigul towards Jolarpettai–Chennai line through Erode Junction.

## History

It was the first railway station in India to have a broad-gauge track. It was installed in the late 1860s, in a period even when all Indian railway stations, including Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai, were on narrow gauge.
A 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge line linking the station to Salem via Namakkal was opened in 2014. The station is a part of the Salem railway division of the Southern Railways. Karur is one of the List 'A' class junction in Salem division and one of the top revenue junctions in Southern Railways. Indian Railways has proposed doubling of Salem-Karur-Dindigul and Erode-Karur Line in the 2020 budget.

## Lines

Four single BG electric lines branch out from the Junction:
* BG Single Electric Line Towards Salem Via Namakkal
* BG Single Electric Line Towards Dindigul
* BG Single Electric Line Towards Erode Via Kodumudi
* BG Single Electric Line Towards Tiruchirappalli Via Kulithalai

## Projects and development

It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under Amrit Bharat Station Scheme of Indian Railways.

## Awards and achievements

In 2019, the station was granted ISO–14001 certification for complying with NGT (nation Green Tribunal).

## Incidents

* About 40 farmers in the district who had parted with their lands for the Salem–Karur BG line project filed a petition seeking adequate compensation as directed by the court.
* Six children, aged under 7 years old and a teacher travelling in a school van had a miraculous escape when their vehicle hit a slowing train at an unmanned level crossing at Kallumadai near the station in February 2014.
# Kadriye Nurmambet

Kadriye Nurmambet was a Romanian Crimean Tatar traditional folk singer and folklorist who attracted national attention and was known as The Nightingale of Dobruja.

## Biography

Nurmambet was born on 21 August 1933 to Pakize and Ahmet Nurmambet in Bazargic, Dobruja, in the Kingdom of Romania (nowadays Dobrich, Bulgaria). Her father was an officer in the 40th Artillery Regiment, Mărăşeşti 9th Division. When Romania ceded Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria, at the beginning of World War II, her family moved north to Medgidia where her father was appointed commander of a garrison.
Nurmambet studied law at the University of Bucharest and graduated in 1957. She was the first female Crimean Tatar lawyer in Romania and she served in the Constanta Bar Association.
Nurmambet had an interest in folklore and folk music as a child and early on joined Crimean Tatar and Romanian folk groups. Her first stage performance was in 1950 at the Romanian Athenaeum, alongside notable folk singers Emil Gavriş, Ştefan Lăzărescu, Lucreția Ciobanu, Maria Lătărețu and pan flute virtuoso Fănică Luca. They performed with the Barbu Lautarul Orchestra, conducted by Ionel Budișteanu and Nicu Stănescu.
In 1954 professor Tiberiu Alexandru at the National University of Music Bucharest praised her performance and debuted her voice on the radio. Her first disc was released in 1960 at Electrecord, followed by other recordings in 1963, 1974, 1980, 1982, and 1989.
Kadriye learned her first folk songs from her mother, but later she developed a strong interest in collecting traditional songs. She used to travel in the villages of Dobruja looking for people carrying out Crimean, Nogai Tatar, and Turkish folk culture. In 1957 she was invited to record over 90 traditional Tatar and Turkish songs for the Golden Sound Archive of the Ethnography and Folklore Institute of Bucharest. Throughout her life she made prominent efforts to preserve the traditional music of the Turks and Tatars of Romania by teaching and counseling their folklore.
In 2009, Nurmambet released a studio album, titled Tatar and Turkish Traditional Folk Songs and recorded by Electrecord.
Nurmambet died on 31 January 2023, at the age of 89.
# West Woodhay Down

West Woodhay Down is a 1.5-hectare (3.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Berkshire and Hampshire. It is lowland Calcareous grassland with a northwest facing bank, and forms part of the northern slopes of Walbury Hill and Combe Hill. The site was formerly included as part of Inkpen and Walbury Hills SSSI.
West Woodhay Down is in the civil parishes of West Woodhay and East Woodhay, to the south-west of the town of Newbury. West Woodhay parish is within the unitary authority area of West Berkshire and the ceremonial county of Berkshire, whilst East Woodhay is within the district of Basingstoke and Deane in the administrative county of Hampshire.

## Flora

The site has the following Flora:
* Bromus erectus
* Blackstonia perfoliata
* Leontodon autumnalis
* Linum catharticum
* Galium cruciata
* Asperula cynanchica
* Primula veris
* Scabiosa columbaria
* Reseda lutea
* Sanguisorba minor
* Gymnadenia conopsea
* Anacamptis pyramidalis
* Helianthemum nummularium
* Centaurea scabiosa
* Campanula rotundifolia
* Listera ovata
* Herminium monorchis
* Coeloglossum viride
* Polygala calcarea
* Saxifraga granulata
* Crataegus
* Whitebeam
* Crataegus monogyna
# Central Theatre (New York City)

Central Theatre was a Broadway theatre in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, built in 1918. It was located at 1567 Broadway, at the southwest corner with 47th Street, and seated approximately 1,100 patrons. The architect was Herbert J. Krapp. The theatre was built by the Shubert family on a site previously occupied by the Mathushek & Son piano factory.
The first production at the theatre was the play Forever After, by Owen Davis, which opened in 1918. This moved to Playhouse Theatre for a long run. A musical, Somebody's Sweetheart (music by Antonio Bafunno; book and lyrics by Alonzo Price), was a success at the theatre in 1919–20. Oscar Hammerstein II made his debut as librettist in January 1920 with Always You, which was followed by a successful revue by Arthur Wimperis, As You Were. In July 1920, Poor Little Ritz Girl opened, with some songs by Rodgers and Hart and others by Sigmund Romberg and Alex Gerber. Afgar was another successful musical in 1920–21. The Gingham Girl was a hit musical in 1923 with music by Albert Von Tilzer.
The theatre introduced movies in 1921 and alternated the new medium with live theatre and American burlesque until 1957, although legitimate theatre was absent from 1934 to 1951. It changed its name to the Columbia Theatre in 1934, Gotham Theatre in 1944 and the Holiday Theatre in 1951. A successful revue, Bagels and Yox played in 1951. A revival of Abie's Irish Rose played in 1954. Legitimate theatre ended at the house in 1956. Under the names Odeon, then the Forum, and finally Movieland, the theatre played movies until 1988, when the Shuberts sold it. The building was converted into other uses. The auditorium became a disco, Club USA. The theatre was demolished in 1998. A W Hotel opened on the site in 2005.