# Maweti–Guarani languages

The Maweti–Guarani languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family according to Meira and Drude (2015). The branch was originally proposed by Rodrigues (1984), and is also accepted by Jolkesky (2016).

## Classification

* Maweti–Guarani
** Mawe
** Aweti–Guarani
*** Aweti
*** Tupi-Guarani

## Proto-language

Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti–Guarani, along with Mawe, Aweti, and Proto-Tupi–Guarani cognates according to Meira and Drude (2015).
| gloss | Proto-Maweti–Guarani | notes (Proto-Maweti–Guarani) | Maweti | Aweti | Proto-Tupi–Guarani |
| 3SG | *i- | | i- | i- | *i- |
| about | *ete | | ete | ete | *ece |
| agouti | *akuti | | akuri | akuzu Ɂjɨt | *akuti |
| anu bird | *anjũ, *aniũ | | ajũ-nɁi | ajũ | *anũ |
| armadillo | *tjajtju | | sahu | tatu-pep | *tatu |
| ashamed | (*tĩ) | | tĩ | – | *tĩ |
| at/in | *pe | | pe | pe | *pe |
| ax | *kwɨ | | ɨwɨ-hap | kɨ | *jɨ |
| back | *(Ɂ)ape | | ape | Ɂape | *ape |
| be/live | *eko | | eko | eko | eko |
| beans | *kumana | (? – possible borrowing) | kumanã | kumanaɁĩ | *kumana |
| big | *wat(o/u) | | wato | watu | waču |
| bitter | *rõp | | nop | lop | *rop |
| black | *kwuun | | huun | – | *un |
| blood | *tjuwɨ(k) | | suu | uwɨk | *(r)uwɨ |
| blow | *pekwu | | pehu | petu | *peju |
| bone | *kaŋ | | kaŋ | kaŋ | *kaŋ |
| branch | *tjakã | | jãŋã | akã | *(r)akã |
| burn | *apɨ | | apɨ | apɨ | *apɨ |
| buriti (palm) | (*m(u/i)riti) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | miriti | – | *muriti |
| chest | *potiɁa | | potiɁa | pozɨɁa | *potiɁa |
| chief | (*morekwat) | (? possible borrowing) | morekwat | morekwat | – |
| call | *enõj | | h-enoj | ejõj | *enõj |
| cloud | *(ɨwɨ)tjiŋ | | ɨwɨ-hiŋ | ɨwɨ-tiŋ | ɨßa-tiŋ |
| COM.CAUS | *er(o/e)- | | er-, ere- | zo- | ero |
| come | *ut | | (u)ut | ut | *ut |
| cooked | *kwɨp | | wɨp | o-kɨp | *jɨp |
| corn | *aßati | (? – probable borrowing) | awati | awati | *aßati |
| curassow | *mɨtiũ(ŋ), *mɨtjũ(ŋ) | | mɨjũ | mɨtuŋ | mɨtũ |
| deer | *(ɨ)tɨɨ | | – | tɨ-wapat, ɨtɨɨ | |
| die (PL) | *pap | | pap | pap | *pap |
| do | *rj(u/o)ŋ, *nj(u/o)ŋ | | nuŋ | juŋ | *ruŋ ~ *roŋ ~ *noŋ (Rodrigues & Dietrich 1997), *noŋ (Mello 2000) |
| door | *oken | | oken-ɨpɨ | oten | *oken |
| earth | (*Ɂɨj) | | Ɂɨj | – | *Ɂɨj |
| eat | *Ɂu | | uɁu | Ɂu | *Ɂu |
| egg | *upiɁa | | upiɁa | n-upiɁa | *upiɁa |
| enter | *ejke | | we-eke | ece | *(e)jkje |
| exit | *tem | | wẽẽ-tem | tem | *čem |
| eye | *et-tja | | (e)ha | (e)ta | eča (Rodrigues and Dietrich 1997), eca (Mello 2000) |
| face | *(e/o)ßa | | (e)wa | owa | *oßa |
| fall | *Ɂat | | aɁat | Ɂat | *Ɂat |
| father | *tjup | | sup | up | *(r)up |
| feed | *poj | | poj | poj | *poj |
| fetid | *riem, *rjem; (*rem) | | nem | jem | *nem ~ *rem |
| field | *ko | | ko | ko | *ko |
| finger (nail) | *p(uɁ)u(j)ã | | puɁujã | puã | *pwã |
| fire | *atia, *atja | | arja | aza | *ata |
| flat | *peep | | peep | ɨwɨ-pep | *pep |
| flea | *tiuŋ, *tjuŋ | | juŋ | tuŋ | *tuŋ |
| flower | *pojtjɨɨt | | i-pohɨɨt | Ɂa-potɨt | *potɨt |
| foot | *pɨ | | pɨ | pɨ | *pɨ |
| fruit | *Ɂa | | Ɂa | Ɂa | *Ɂa |
| grandfather | *am(õ/ũ)(j) | | h-amũ | amũj | *amõj |
| go | *to | | to | to | *co |
| good | *kajtju | | kahu | katu | *katu |
| hair | *tjap | | sap | ap | *(r)ap |
| hammock | *(Ɂ)(i/ɨ)nĩ | | Ɂɨni | Ɂinĩ | *inĩ |
| hand | *po | | po | po | *po |
| head hair | *Ɂatjap | (from *Ɂa ‘head’ + *tjap ‘hair’) | asap | Ɂap | *Ɂap |
| heavy | *potɨj | | potɨj | potɨj | *pocɨj |
| hot | *tjakup | | sakup | akup | *(r)akup |
| house | *(tj)ok | | sok | ok | *(r)ok |
| hunger | *tjɨɨɁa(t) | | sɨɨɁat | | tɨɁa-ßot |
| kill | (*kwuka) | | Ɂa-uka | | *juka |
| leaf | *tjop | | ɨ-hop | op | *(r)op |
| lick | *eereep | | eereep | ezep | *erep |
| lip | *tjẽpe | | jẽpe | ẽpe | *(r)eme |
| louse | *ŋɨp | | ŋɨp | Ɂakɨp (from earlier *Ɂa ‘head’ + *kɨp ‘louse’) | *kɨp |
| manioc | *mani | | mani | maniɁok | *maniɁok (cf. Aweti, Tupi-Guarani Ɂok ‘tuber’) |
| man's daughter | *tjakwiɁɨt | | sakiɁɨt | atiɁɨt | *(r)ajɨt |
| man's sister | *(i/e)nɨt | | inɨt | jĩt | *enɨt |
| man's older brother | *(Ɂ)ɨkeɁɨt | | ɁɨkeɁet | ɨtiɁɨt | *ɁɨkeɁɨt |
| many | *(e)tia, *(e)tja | | =-rja | =-za | *eta |
| medicine | *pot-tjaŋ | | pohaŋ | potaŋ | *pocaŋ |
| moon | *kwaatɨ | | waatɨ | tatɨ | *jačɨ |
| mortar | *(wẽ)kuɁa | | wẽkuɁa | ɁẽkuɁa | *ɨŋuɁa |
| mosquito | *kwatiɁũ | | watiɁũ | tazɨɁũ | *jatiɁũ |
| mother | *tɨ | | tɨ | tɨ | *čɨ |
| neck | *kwut | | hut-Ɂɨp [huɁɾɨp] | tur-Ɂɨp [tuɁɾɨp] | *jut |
| name | *tjet | | set | et | *(r)et |
| navel | *pɨrupɁã | | pɨrumɁa | pilup | pɨruɁã (Rodrigues; Dietrich, 1997), pɨruã (Mello, 2000) |
| OBJ.NZ | *mi- | | mi- | mi- | *mipa |
| in | *tjatɨ | | satɨ | atɨ | *(r)ačɨ |
| pass | *kotjap | | kosap | kwap | *kwap |
| place | *etiam, *etjam | | ejam | tam, etam | *etam |
| pull | *ekɨj | | ekɨj | ekɨj | *ekɨj |
| rain | *ama(a)n | | iɁ-ama(a)n | aman | *aman |
| red | *kwup | | hup | tup | *jup |
| red | (*pɨraŋ) | | – | pɨlaŋ | pɨraŋ (perhaps reconstructible only to Proto-Aweti-Guarani) |
| RFL | *kwe- | | we- | te- | *je |
| root | *tjapo | | sapo | apo | *(r)apo |
| saliva | (*tjẽtɨ) | | jẽtɨ-hɨ | – | *(r)enɨ |
| salt | *kwukɨt | | ukɨt | tukɨt | *jukɨt |
| search | *(i/e)kaat | | (i)kaat | (j)kat | *ekat |
| see/hear | *ẽtup | | wan-ẽtup | (ẽ)tup | *enup |
| seed | *tjaɁĩj | | jaɁĩj | aɁĩj | *(r)aɁĩj |
| seize | *pɨtɨk | | pɨtɨk | pɨtɨk | *pɨtɨk |
| seize | *(j)aat | | aat | – | *(j)at |
| shoot | (*(Ɂ)ɨßõ) | | – | Ɂɨwõ | ɨßõ |
| shoulder | *tj(a/ã)tiɁɨp(i) | | jãtiɁɨpɨ | azɨɁɨp | *(r)atɨɁɨp |
| skin/body | *piit | | piit | pit | *pit |
| slap | (*petek) | | petek | – | petek |
| sleep | *ket | | ket | tet | *kjet |
| smoke | *tjiŋ | | ɨ-hiŋ (probably *Ɂɨp ‘tree, wood’ + *tjiŋ) | tiŋ | *tiŋ |
| snake | *mõj | | moj | mõj | *moj |
| squirrel | (*kutiere, *kutjere) | | kutiere | kuceze-Ɂjɨt | – |
| sweet | *i-tjeɁẽ | | heɁẽ | teɁẽ | *čeɁẽ (apparently a lexicalized third-person form) |
| swim | *ɨjtja(p) | | ɨha | ɨta-tap | *ɨtap |
| termite | *ŋupi | | ŋupi-Ɂa | kupi-Ɂa, kupi-Ɂĩ | kupi-Ɂi |
| tail | *tjuwaj | | suwaj-po | uwaj | *(r)uwaj |
| thick | *anam | | iɁ-anam | Ɂajam | *anam |
| thigh | *Ɂup | | Ɂup | Ɂup | *Ɂup |
| tooth | *tjãj | | jãj | ãj | *(r)ãj |
| tortoise | *kwaßoti | | wawori | tawozɨ | *jaßoti |
| toucan | *tiukan, *tjukan | | jũkan | tukan | *tukan |
| traíra (fish) | (*taraɁɨra) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | taraɁɨra | – | taraɁɨr-a |
| two | (*mokõj) | | – | mokõj | *mokõj |
| village | (*taaßa) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | taawa | – | *taßa |
| vulture | *urußu | | uruwu | uzuwu | *urußu |
| wasp | *ŋap | | ŋap | kap | *kap |
| water | *Ɂɨ | | ɨɁɨ | Ɂɨ | *Ɂɨ |
| wind | *ɨßɨt(u) | (? – possible borrowing, TG > Mawe) | ɨwɨtu | ɨwɨt | *ɨßɨtu |
| woman's son | *mẽpɨt | | mẽpɨt | mẽpɨt | *memɨt |
For a list of Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions by Corrêa-da-Silva (2013), see the corresponding Portuguese article.