OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Licensee estoppel

Licensee estoppel is a doctrine under which a licensee of an intellectual property right, generally a patent or a trademark, is estopped from challenging the validity of the licensed property. The basis for the doctrine is the premise that a licensee should not be able to enjoy the benefit of an agreement and at the same time attack the validity of the intellectual property that forms the basis of the agreement.

## United States

In United States patent law, the doctrine has been overturned. In 1969, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Lear v. Adkins, held the doctrine inconsistent with a federal policy that the invalidity of specious patents should be unmasked in order to permit full and free competition in technology ideas that belong in the public domain. The strong public interest in invalidating patents, allowing public access to non-patentworthy technology, justified permitting licensees to challenge patents.
In the United States, the doctrine remains valid in trademark law, where the public policy concerns differ from the patent context. It also applies with respect to trade secret licenses. Courts differ on whether it applies in a copyright context.
# Licensing (Ireland) Act 1902

The Licensing (Ireland) Act 1902 (2 Edw. 7. c. 18) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, given the royal assent on 31 July 1902, and repealed in 1923.
It prohibited the issue of new licence for the sale of alcohol, for consumption on or off the premises, after the passage of the Act, except to:
* Premises currently licensed, or which had been licensed between 1 January 1902 and the date of the Act;
* Hotels (defined as a separate house with at least ten beds, used exclusively for the sleeping accommodation of travellers, and with no public bar); or
* Railway refreshment rooms.
However, local authorities were given wide powers to grant licences outside these restrictions. If a lease on a licensed premises expired, causing the licence to be surrendered, a new one could be granted to suitable premises in the immediate vicinity. There were also provisions for new licences in parishes which had had significant increase in population. The granting of licences to extensions of premises, or the transferral of licences, was not affected by the act.
All premises had to be of a minimum rateable value, which varied from thirty pounds in Dublin and Belfast to ten in rural counties.
The Act extended to Ireland only, and was to continue in force until 31 December 1907. It was repealed in the United Kingdom, where it remained in force in Northern Ireland after partition by the Intoxicating Liquor Act (Northern Ireland) 1923.
# Lim Kok Ann

Lim Kok Ann (simplified Chinese: 林国安; traditional Chinese: 林國安; pinyin: Lín Guó'ān) (27 January 1920 – 8 March 2003) was a Singaporean chess player and organizer, and a microbiologist specializing in enterovirus research.

## Early life

Born 27 January 1920, Lim had been a student at Anglo-Chinese School and Raffles Institution in 1936 and in 1938 was a Queen's scholar.

## Career
### Microbiology

As a microbiologist at the University of Malaya, Lim was the first to isolate the specific virus (Influenza A/Singapore/1/57) during the 1957–1958 influenza pandemic using chicken embryos in eggs.
In 1959, while working for the World Health Organization in Houston, Texas, he developed the Lim-Benyesh-Melnick (LBM) protocol for serotyping human enterovirus isolates. By introducing various combinations of viruses in each egg (instead of testing for each one individually), scientists can more quickly isolate the specific virus using fewer trials, a procedure still in use decades later.
In August 1965, Lim was appointed as the dean of the medical faculty at the University of Singapore, and in the 1960s he promoted acceptance of the novel Sabin polio vaccine amidst public skepticism of the new treatment.

### Chess

FIDE, the world chess federation, called Lim one of "the Fathers of Asian chess" for his work in promoting the game. The Straits Times called him "the father of chess" in Singapore.
Lim founded the Singapore Chess Federation in 1949 which held its first national chess championship the same year. Lim won the event himself, and again in 1960 and 1968, and served as president of the federation for 18 years.
From 1982 to 1988, Lim was the secretary general of FIDE, creating and publishing the first FIDE handbook. He is remembered for modernizing the fifty move rule in the computer age and creating the "Lim System" for tournament pairings.

### Arts

Lim co-founded Singapore's first multi-disciplinary arts centre, Centre 65, with Goh Poh Seng in 1965 to promote the arts.

## Personal life

Lim was the grandson of Lim Boon Keng, a doctor, educator, and philanthropist. Lim was married to Rosie Seow Guat Kheng (1922–1994), the daughter of Seow Poh Leng, a bank manager. She was an actress and a teacher.
Lim was a Methodist, and had five children, among them the writer and playwright Stella Kon. He died of a heart attack on 8 March 2003.

## Selected publications

* Lim, K. A., Smith, A., Hale, J. H., & Glass, J. (1957). Influenza outbreak in Singapore. Lancet, 273(6999), 791–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(57)90893-0
* Lim, K. A., & Benyesh-Melnick, M. (1960). Typing of viruses by combinations of antiserum pools. Application to typing of enteroviruses (Coxsackie and ECHO). Journal of immunology, 84, 309–317.
* Lim, K. A., Chan, Y. C., Phoon, W. O., & Hanam, E. (1964). Dengue-type viruses isolated in Singapore. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 30(2), 227–240.
* Kazic, Bozidar; Keene, Raymond; Lim, Kok Ann (1985), The Official Laws of Chess, Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-4802-4
# Libcamera

libcamera is an open-source software library for image signal processors and embedded cameras on Linux distributions such as Android, ChromeOS and Ubuntu. The developers describe libcamera as a continuation of V4L2.

## Background

Nokia originally wanted to create a plugin based software project for camera support, but this was cancelled because they stopped development of Linux based smartphones.
# Jean-Baptiste Gaut

Jean-Baptiste Gaut (1819–1891) was a French Provençal poet and playwright from Aix-en-Provence. He was a chief advocate of the Provençal language and the Félibrige movement. He was known as "Félibre Gaut."

## Early life

Jean-Baptiste Gaut was born on 2 April 1819 in Aix-en-Provence, France. His father, Jean-Joseph Gaut, was an arquebus manufacturer. His mother, Marguerite Bastienne Berthon, was the daughter of armourer Jean Berthon.

## Career

Gaut was encouraged to write poetry in Provençal by a friend, Joseph Desanat. He first wrote poetry for Lou Bouil-Abaïsso, a literary journal started by Desanat. In 1852, Gaut was a co-author in a collection of poems in Provençal with Joseph Roumanille. That same year, they organised a conference to promote Provençal poetry in Arles, followed by a similar conference a year later, in 1853. Those conferences were the precursors to the Félibrige movement, founded in 1854 by Roumanille and Frédéric Mistral. Meanwhile, Gaut founded Le Gay-Saber, a Provençal literary review, which only published 17 issues. Later, he published poetry in Armana Prouvençau.
Beyond poetry, Gaut wrote two plays in Provençal. His first play, Lei Mourou, was performed in Forcalquier in 1875. He went on to write two opéra comiques, which were performed in Sorgues en 1881.
Gaut was active in Aix-en-Provence. He served as the editor-in-chief of Le Mémorial d'Aix, a bi-weekly newspaper in Aix. He served as the Director of the Bibliothèque Méjanes from 1878 to 1891.

## Personal life

Gaut married Marie-Nathalie Simon. They have three children: Jeanne-Marguerite Gaut (born 1861); Pauline Gaut (born 1866); and Jean Gaut (born 1871).

## Death

He died on 14 July 1891 in Aix-en-Provence.

## Legacy

* The Rue du Felibre Gaut in Aix-en-Provence is named in his honour.
* The Allée Jean-Baptiste Gaut in Sausset-les-Pins as well as the Rue Jean-Baptiste Gaut in Velaux are also named in his honour.
# Johannes Brecke

Johannes Onsager Brecke (1 October 1877 – 28 April 1943) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Drammen as a son of wholesaler Anders Brecke (1844–1922) and Caroline Onsager (1853–1888). In 1915 he married Fanny Lyche, a daughter of wholesaler Axel Lyche.
After finishing Kristiania Commerce School in 1895, he was hired in the company Harald Lyche & Co. Except for the year 1987 to 1900 when he took commercial training in England, France and Germany, he spent most of his career in this company. He was promoted to confidential clerk in 1914, and was chief executive officer from 1920 to 1922. From 1915 to 1922 he was also a director of Drammens Tidende og Buskerud Blad. From 1923 he was the co-owner of Harald Lyche & Co and Drammens Tidende og Buskerud Blad.
Brecke was a member of Drammen city council during several terms; 1910–1913, 1916–1919, 1925–1928 (executive committee) and 1931–1934. In the general elections of 1924 and 1927 he was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway, representing the Market towns of Buskerud county. During the first term he served as first deputy deputy for Sven Adolf Svensen and Haakon Irgens; during the second term just for Svensen as the Conservatives lost one of their seats to Labour.
He chaired the employers' association Kortevaregrossisternes Landsforening from 1929 to 1935, was a board member of Solberg Spinderi from 1914 and supervisory council member of Forsikringsselskapet Norge. He died in April 1943.
# Johan Jacob Ferguson

Johan Jacob Ferguson was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician who corresponded with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

## Life

He was born around 1630, probably in The Hague, and died before 24 November 1706, probably on 6 October 1691 in Amsterdam.
In his 1667 book Labyrinthus algebrae, written in low Dutch, he shows the solutions of cubic and biquadratic equations using new methods. The book had a partial translation in Latin (lost) and was sent to Isaac Newton.

## Works

* Labyrinthus algebrae (in Dutch). 's-Gravenhage: Johannes Rammazeyn. 1667.
# Jean Weber

Jean Weber (25 January 1906 – 13 October 1995) was a French film actor.

## Selected filmography

* The Queen's Necklace (1929)
* Figaro (1929)
* The Eaglet (1931)
* The Man at Midnight (1931)
* Take Care of Amelie (1932)
* A Telephone Call (1932)
* The Invisible Woman (1933)
* Heartbeat (1938)
* Tricoche and Cacolet (1938)
* If Paris Were Told to Us (1956)
# Lights (Archive album)

Lights is the fifth studio album by British trip hop progressive and alternative group Archive, released in 2006.

## Track listing

* "Sane" – 4:26
* "Sit Back Down" – 6:36
* "Veins" – 4:01
* "System" – 4:01
* "Fold" – 4:37
* "Lights" – 18:28
* "I Will Fade" – 3:08
* "Headlights" – 3:32
* "Programmed" – 5:45
* "Black" – 2:52
* "Taste of Blood" – 4:35

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 11 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 15 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 20 |
# Trängslet Dam

The Trängslet Dam is a rock-filled embankment dam on the Dal River near the town of Trängslet in Dalarna, Sweden. At 125 m (410 ft) in height, it is the tallest dam in the country. Its reservoir, with a capacity of 880,000,000 m$^3$ (710,000 acre⋅ft), is also the largest artificial lake in Sweden. The dam was constructed between 1955 and 1960. Its hydroelectric power station has an installed capacity of 330 MW. It is owned by Fortum.
# Träskaten

Träskaten is a lake of Södermanland, Sweden.
* This article about a location in Södermanland County, Sweden is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Trälen

57°49′37.28″N 11°42′18.89″E﻿ / ﻿57.8270222°N 11.7052472°E﻿ / 57.8270222; 11.7052472
Trälen was a reality show on Swedish TV4 and was broadcast in the autumn of 2006. The show, where people from different social classes and parts of Sweden lived together on an island for 40 days, didn't meet the expected success and received low ratings. There were initially twelve participants and every time a bell rang they decided which one of them who was next to leave.
The show was filmed on the small island Trälen in the archipelago of Gothenburg. Another season of the show is not planned. Instead a housing development is planned for the area. The winner of Trälen was Serhan Erdal, who won 500,000 SEK (about USD 70,000).
# John Cheetham

John Cheetham may refer to:
* John Cheetham (composer), American composer
* John Cheetham (cricketer), cricket player
* John Cheetham (manufacturer), English cotton manufacturer
# Fernex

Fernex may refer to:

## People

* Joseph Fernex (died 1795), French revolutionary judge
* Michel Fernex (1929–2021), Swiss doctor
* Solange Fernex (1934–2006), French politician

## Places

* Fernex or Ferney, France
# The House of Gold

The House of Gold is a 1918 American silent drama film, directed by Edwin Carewe. It stars Emmy Wehlen, Joseph Kilgour, and Hugh Thompson, and was released on June 17, 1918.

## Cast

* Emmy Wehlen as Pamela Martin
* Joseph Kilgour as Douglas Martin/Gilbert Martin
* Hugh Thompson as Frank Steele
* Helen Lindroth as Mrs. Stanley Cartwright
* Maud Hill as Mrs. Alicia Temple

## Preservation

With no prints of The House of Gold located in any film archives, it is considered a lost film.
# Putna (Suceava)

The Putna is a right tributary of the river Suceava in Romania. It discharges into the Suceava in Gura Putnei near Vicovu de Sus. Its length is 20 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 133 km$^2$ (51 sq mi).
# EuroCup Basketball Top Scorer

The EuroCup Basketball Top scorer, also known as the EuroCup Basketball Best Scorer, is the annual award that is given to the professional club basketball league EuroCup's Top scorer throughout the EuroCup season. The EuroCup is the European-wide 2nd-tier level league. It is the European-wide league that is one tier level below the European top-tier level EuroLeague.

## EuroCup Basketball Top scorers

| Season | Position | Top scorer | Team | PPG |
| 2002–03 | PF | Jamie Arnold | Krka Novo Mesto | 20.3 |
| 2003–04 | SG | Rasheed Brokenborough | Kapfenberg Bulls | 26.6 |
| 2004–05 | SG/SF | Todor Stoykov | Academic Sofia | 23.9 |
| 2005–06 | PG | Horace Jenkins | Hapoel Jerusalem | 20.4 |
| 2006–07 | SF | Milan Gurović | Red Star Belgrade | 25.9 |
| 2007–08 | SG | De'Teri Mayes | Swans Gmunden | 21.1 |
| 2008–09 | PG | Khalid El-Amin | Azovmash Mariupol | 17.9 |
| 2009–10 | PG/SG | Darius Washington | Galatasaray Istanbul | 21.6 |
| 2010–11 | SG | Jaycee Carroll | Gran Canaria Las Palmas | 19.0 |
| 2011–12 | SG | Ramel Curry | Donetsk | 16.4 |
| 2012–13 | PG | Walter Hodge | Zielona Góra | 21.2 |
| 2013–14 | SG | Errick McCollum | Panionios | 20.2 |
| 2014–15 | PG/SG | Randy Culpepper | Red October Volgograd | 19.2 |
| 2015–16 | SG | Keith Langford | UNICS Kazan | 19.7 |
| 2016–17 | SG | Alexey Shved | Khimki Moscow | 22.1 |
| 2017–18 | SG | Scottie Wilbekin | Darüşşafaka | 19.7 |
| 2018–19 | PG | Peyton Siva | Alba Berlin | 15.2 |
| 2019–20 | PG/SG | Miloš Teodosić | Segafredo Virtus Bologna | 17.8 |
| 2020–21 | SG/SF | Jaka Blažič | Cedevita Olimpija | 19.1 |
| 2021–22 | SG | Errick McCollum | Lokomotiv Kuban | 22.3 |
| 2022–23 | PG | Yogi Ferrell | Cedevita Olimpija | 18.4 |
| 2023–24 | SG/SF | Deividas Sirvydis | Lietkabelis | 18.9 |
# The Snow (band)

The Snow are a New York rock band formed by Melomane and Bad Reputation frontmen Pierre de Gaillande and Hilary Downes in 2006. Along with guitarist/singer/songwriter de Gaillande and pianist/keyboardist/singer/songwriter Downes are David Spinley - clarinet, saxophone (Morricone Youth); Jeffrey Schaeffer - drums, Christian Bongers - bass (Falcon, Botanica). Their music incorporates elements of indie rock, art-rock, chamber pop, French chanson, torch songs, classical music and jazz. Their lyrics are often humorous, utilizing double meanings, irony and metaphor.

## Work

The Snow's first album True Dirt (Vermillion Records, 2008) includes covers of songs by M. Ward (Poor Boy, Minor Key) and Bruce Springsteen (I'm on Fire). The originals range from whimsical, (the rhythmically complex Thirteen Arms Entwined, about a love affair between an octopus and a starfish), to socially critical (Russians, a snidely humorous look at the effects of capitalism on the former Soviet bloc).
Their latest album, I Die Every Night, (Vermillion Records, 2010), is more lushly orchestrated; half of its compositions are by Downes, who, like de Gaillande, utilizes numerous literary devices in her lyrics and typically favors lushly moody sonics. The songs range from the latest in de Gaillande's ongoing "disaster song cycle" about possible apocalypses (Silent Parade), to ominous torch songs by Downes (Albatross, and Undertow), to soul music (Fool's Gold) and humorous chanson (Reptile).
# Bird's eye extinction

Bird's eye extinction, or bird's eye maple, is a specific type of extinction exhibited by minerals of the mica group under cross polarized light of the petrographic microscope. It gives the mineral a pebbly appearance as it passes into extinction. This is caused when the grinding tools used to create petrographic thin sections of precise thickness alter the alignment of the previously perfect basal cleavage planes which split micas up into its characteristic thin sheets. The resulting, slightly roughened surface alters the extinction angle of various parts of the crystal lattice, leading to this type of extinction. Since it is not a natural feature of the mineral, bird's eye extinction is not observed in all mica crystals, nor from all angles, but it is quite common, and is used as a diagnostic feature for micas.
Common micas which exhibit this include biotite (and the magnesium end-member phlogopite) and muscovite.
# Jeliće

Jeliće is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 100 people.
# Jabbowal, SBS Nagar

Jabbowal is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) away from postal head office Kahma, 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) from Nawanshahr, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 97 kilometres (60 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, Jabbowal has a total number of 384 houses and population of 1914 of which 984 include are males while 930 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Jabbowal is 75.86%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 174 which is 9.09% of total population of Jabbowal, and child sex ratio is approximately 977 as compared to Punjab state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 44.93% of total population in Jabbowal. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 575 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Jabbowal which includes 529 males and 46 females. According to census survey report 2011, 94.96% workers describe their work as main work and 5.04% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Education

The village has a Punjabi medium, co-ed upper primary school founded in 1975. The school provide mid-day mealas per Indian Midday Meal Scheme. The school provide free education to children between the ages of 6 and 14 as per Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act.
Guru Nanak College of Nursing, Amardeep Singh Shergill Memorial college Mukandpur and Sikh National College Banga are the nearest colleges. and Lovely Professional University is 40 kilometres (25 mi) away from the village.

## Transport

Nawanshahr railway station is the nearest train station however, Garhshankar Junction railway station is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located 63 kilometres (39 mi) away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 148 kilometres (92 mi) away in Amritsar.
# Rhododendron fallacinum

Rhododendron fallacinum is a species of rhododendron native to Borneo.
It a hemiepiphytic shrub or small tree which grows up to six meters tall.
It is native to the mountains of Sabah and Sarawak states of Malaysia in northern Borneo, including Mount Kinabalu, Mount Trus Madi, and the Crocker Range in Sabah and Mount Mulu in Sarawak. The species' estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 17,011 km$^2$, and its area of occupancy (AOO) is 120 km$^2$.
It lives in montane forests from 1,200 to 2,600 metres elevation. It grows mostly as a terrestrial shrub, and less commonly as an epiphyte, in damp shady areas of mossy montane rain forest. It also grows among other shrubs on open ridges and rocky slopes, where it can be the dominant species.
# Jack Morrell

Jack Morrell may refer to:
* Jack Morrell (boxer) (born 1955), American boxer
* Jack Morrell (historian of science), University of Leeds, England
# Thelma Dailey-Stout

Thelma Dailey-Stout (1918 – 2005) was an African American and Native American civil rights activist known for founding the magazine The Ethnic Woman (1977). She was active in the labor movement in New York City in the 1970s and was a member of many civil rights organizations throughout her lifetime.

## Biography
### Early life

Dailey-Stout was born Thelma Jennings in Baltimore, Maryland in 1918.
She received a B.A. from Empire State College and a Fellowship in women's studies at Sarah Lawrence College.
She had one biological daughter, but she nurtured several other sons and daughters.
Dailey-Stout died July 1, 2005.

## The Ethnic Woman

In 1977, Dailey-Stout founded The Ethnic Woman magazine. This magazine was created by and targeted towards women of "African, Latin, American Indian, and Asian heritage," to share their collective knowledge and create connections.

## Civil rights activism

Dailey-Stout was an active participant in labor movements in New York in the 1970s.
Dailey-Stout, the first Black woman vice president of District 65 of the Distributive Workers Union, was ousted from her position in 1976. A newspaper reported that it was due to her age. They blamed the union's white president at the time, David Livingston, and the union's "30 years and out" retirement policy. Dailey-Stout sued the organization and its officers for age, sex, and race discrimination, but lost her case.
Dailey-Stout was Founder and President of Trade Union Women of African Heritage.
She was a member of the Ethel Payne Institute of Political Education for Black Women, associate for the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press, and Treasurer of Black Forum in 1977.
She was very active in other organizations, including Coalition of 100 Black Women, Congress of Racial Equality, and International Organization of Journalists. Other organizations include: board member of National Congress of Neighborhood Women, Inc.; Women's Forum International; coordinator of the Bronx Chapter of the United Nations Association; Multi-Ethnic Woman Workshop at the Fashion Institute of Technology; IWY Tribune; Veteran feminists of America from 1992.