OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sarah Windsor Tomlinson

Sarah Windsor Tomlinson (28 December 1809 – 17 October 1872) was a British writer from Salisbury, Wiltshire. She was the wife of British scientist Charles Tomlinson, a member of the Royal Society.

## Biography

Windsor was born on Innocent’s Day at Salisbury, Wiltshire in 1809. She was educated by her elder sister, Maria, who shaped her character and upbringing. She also trained in Sunday-School teaching and parochial work at St Thomas's Church, Salisbury, under the guidance of the vicar, Rev. Capel, and his wife. At the age of 22, Sarah worked as an educator for the two eldest daughters of a lady in North Wiltshire; she served under the lady for five years, to whom she owed her development in becoming a good wife and housekeeper.
In 1835, Windsor's elder sister Maria married Rev. L. Tomlinson, who managed a large school in Salisbury with his brother Charles Tomlinson. Sarah married Charles in 1839, and the couple moved to London, where they lived in a small house at 12 Bedford Place, Euston. Charles was involved in a wide range of literary and scientific engagements in London. For many years, the couple worked together on the Saturday Magazine, publishing weekly articles about nature, science, history and technology. Sarah also wrote several books for the Committee of General Literature and Education, under the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Among her prominent works were a series titled First Steps in General Knowledge, Sketches of Rural Affairs and Lessons Derived from the Animal World. In 1842, the couple moved to a bigger house at 178 Hampstead Road after Charles was appointed at King’s College. The couple often received boarding students from the Department of Applied Sciences, which placed great responsibility on Sarah to manage the household and discipline of the students. The couple also hosted Saturday evening parties, which were attended by scientists, artists, and writers.
In 1866, the Tomlinsons moved to a new home at 7 North Road, Highgate. Sarah became a superintendent to a parochial mission in London, where her duties included reading books to mothers assembled at the weekly meetings. While she served there, she wrote Tales For Mission Rooms, By a Lady Superintendent, a collection of short stories about morality and values. Sarah was struck with a debilitating disease as she was writing these tales, and she persevered to complete them through her 14 months of illness.
She died on 17 October 1872 and was buried on 23 October on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. Her husband Charles was later buried in the same grave (plot no.19920). The grave is now under a footpath and does not have a headstone.

## Publications

Tomlinson authored a wide range of books throughout the course of her life, among which were:
* First Steps in General Knowledge
* Lessons Derived from the Animal World
* Sketches of Rural Affairs
* Tales for Mission Rooms, By a Lady Superintendent
# Bai Fengxi

Bai Fengxi (白峰溪; born 1934 in Wen'an) is a Chinese actress, and playwright. She studied at North China People's Revolutionary University. In 1954, she joined the China Youth Theater.
She married Yan Zhongying; they have a daughter named Yan Fanfan. Bai's grandson is actor Liu Duanduan.

## Works

* Mingyue chu zhao ren (When the Bright Moon Shines), 1981
* Fengyu guren lai (An Old Friend Comes at a Stormy Time), 1983
* Buzhi qiusi zai shui jia (Say Who like Me is Prey to Fond Regret), 1986
* (The Crescent and the Full Moon), 1991
* The Women Trilogy, Chinese Literature Press, January 1, 1991, ISBN 978-7-5071-0070-9
# Canadian checkers

Canadian checkers (or Canadian draughts) is a variant of the strategy board game draughts. It is one of the largest draughts games, played on a 12×12 checkered board with 30 game pieces per player.

## History

The game was invented by the French settlers of Quebec, Canada; it was named Grand jeu de dames. It is unknown when the game was first played in Canada. The huff rule was dropped in 1880 after a dispute developed during the Canadian championship match.
The idea of an increased-size international draughts game is older still; boards with 12×12 squares were on sale in London in 1805.

## Game rules

Canadian checkers follows the same rules and conventions as international draughts, the only differences are the larger gameboard (12×12 squares instead of 10×10), and more checkers per player (30 instead of 20). The starting setup is shown in the diagram.

## Notation

Games are recorded using the same method of notation used by other draughts variants, extended for a board of 144 squares (see diagram).
# Brooke Medicine Eagle

Brooke Medicine Eagle (also known as Brooke Edwards, born 1943) is an American author, singer/songwriter and teacher, specializing in her interpretations of Native American religions. She frequently teaches workshops at New Age and other events.

## Biography

Eagle was born and raised in Montana. She studied at the University of Denver obtaining a BA degree in psychology and mathematics and a MA in counseling psychology from the University of Denver.
She has claimed to be descended from six Native American tribes, including Cherokee, Crow, Cree, Piegan Blackfeet, and some "Sioux and Nez Perce ancestry," as well as European blood from Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark. She also posted a Crow Tribe enrollment card on her website until tribe officials revealed it was a forgery.
Eagle is cited as an example of New Age Indigenous appropriation in publishing. In 1984, the American Indian Movement included Eagle among those it said were responsible for "a great attack or theft" of Native American ceremonies. Cynthia Snavely connected Eagle to the "misappropriation of Native American spirituality [that] takes place within the New Age spirituality movement".
Bianca Casady of the musical group CocoRosie has referred to Brooke Medicine Eagle as her mother's partner, stating "As a small child I was carried in a papoose around sacred Anasazi grounds by my mother and her partner, Brook[e] Medicine Eagle."
# Sanford's bowerbird

Sanford's bowerbird (Archboldia sanfordi) is a subspecies of the Archbold's bowerbird. The Sanford's bowerbird is a black bowerbird with a reddish-brown iris, grey feet and black bill. The male has a golden crest extending from forehead, blackish wing and long tail. Both sexes are alike. The female is smaller with blue-grey feet and without crown feathering.
A polygamous species, the Sanford's bowerbird inhabits to eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. The diet consists mainly of fruits. This bowerbird was discovered by Ernest Thomas Gilliard in 1950 at Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea. It is named after Leonard Cutler Sanford, a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History.
# Sexual orientation and the military of the Netherlands

In 1974, the Netherlands was the first country to ban discrimination against gays in the military.

## Sheehan controversy

On March 18, 2010, after U.S. President Obama announced that he wanted to put an end to the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy, former U.S. general and high ranking NATO official John Sheehan blamed homosexuals serving in the Dutch military for the fall of Srebrenica to Serb militias in the Bosnian War fifteen years earlier, stating that homosexuals had weakened the Dutch UN battalion charged with protecting the enclave. In the U.S. Senate, Sheehan said that European countries had tried to "socialize" their armed forces by letting people serve in the army too easily, which according to him, left them weakened. He claimed that his opinion was shared by the leadership of the Dutch armed forces, mentioning the name "Hankman Berman", most probably referring to the then chief of the Dutch defence staff, Henk van den Breemen. Dutch authorities dismissed Sheehan's statements as "disgraceful" and "total nonsense". Dutch advocates of gay rights, organized in the Pink Army (foundation) and the Stichting Homosexualiteit en Krijgsmacht ("Foundation Homosexuality and Armed Forces"), announced a libel lawsuit against Sheehan to be filed in California. Eventually, after a categorical denial of the comments by the Dutch general who was misquoted by Sheehan, Sheehan apologized for the comments and repealed his testimony, resulting in the withdrawal of the legal threat.
# Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator

The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a chamber for testing spacecraft in space-like conditions, including extreme cold, high radiation, and near-vacuum pressure. Built in 1961, it is located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. It has been used to prepare many American space probes for their launches, including the Ranger, Surveyor, Mariner, and Voyager spacecraft.
The first facility of its type, the chamber served as an example for other countries seeking to establish space programs. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985 and is on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Description

The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a stainless-steel cylinder 85 feet (26 m) in height and 27 feet (8.2 m) in diameter. A doorway 15 feet (4.6 m) wide and 25 feet (7.6 m) high provides access for bringing test objects and equipment into the chamber; a personnel access door is built into the larger doorway. Its walls and floor are lined with cooling shrouds that help provide a controllable temperature range from −320 °F (−195.6 °C) to 200 °F (93 °C). A series of lamps, lenses, and mirrors can irradiate the chamber with a directed beam of simulated solar energy in a variety of patterns and strengths. The chamber can be depressurized to 5×10$^{−7}$ torr. Test objects can be mounted with a number of attachment points and methods. The chamber is mounted on a seismically isolated foundation. The chamber requires about 75 minutes to achieve a space-like environment, and about 21⁄2 hours to return to a normal environment.
Next to the chamber is a clean room in which equipment can be prepared for testing.
# Sanford Bennett

Sanford Bennett (1841–1926) was an American businessman and writer associated with the physical culture movement, best known for his publications on anti-aging and natural hygiene.

## Biography

Bennett was born in Philadelphia. He invented an extensive exercise regime of self-care that involved muscular contraction and relaxation exercises for rejuvenating the body. His ideas were popularized in the San Francisco Chronicle in 1906 and in two books. Bennett added medical diagrams of the muscles and organs of the body to his descriptions of exercise routines. Bennett claimed that his exercise regime gave him youthful vigour and made him healthy and stronger. His exercises could be carried out in bed for a quarter or half-hour.
Bennett endorsed periodic fasting and a vegetarian diet characterized by "well-cooked vegetables". He recommended "nature's principal methods of inducing health—sunlight, pure air, pure water, nourishing food, cleanliness and exercise". His book Old Age, Its Cause and Prevention was published at least four times between 1912 and 1927. It was advertised by Bernarr Macfadden's Physical Culture Publishing Company. Bennett was a close friend of Bernarr Macfadden and his wife, Mary. He helped Macfadden to edit the Physical Culture magazine. Bennett practiced some strange eating habits. For example, he would regurgitate his food after a meal by vomiting in a brass bowl. Mary called him the "Old Roman Regurgitator."
Bennett died from choking on a chicken bone.

## Reception

Bennett's Exercising in Bed was reviewed in the Nature journal, which concluded "we have no doubt that the exercises suggested, if carried out, would be of considerable benefit, even if they did not actually rejuvenate or restore good looks, as the author claims."
Historian James F. Stark has commented that Bennett was "one of the most high-profile advocates of rejuvenating methods in the twentieth century prior to the First World War, and his exercises, promising rejuvenation at an old age, were hugely popular, particularly in the United States, as he embodied the powerful cultural cache of the physical culture movement, then at its height."

## Publications

* Exercising in Bed (1907)
* Old Age, Its Cause and Prevention (1912)
# Knešpolje, Široki Brijeg

Knešpolje is a settlement within the municipality of Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1991, the settlement had a population of 1,110. It is located along the Mostar-Široki Brijeg roadway.

## History

Knešpolje was first linked to Mostar by road in 1896 under what was then Austro-Hungarian rule. Knešpolje is the site of two World War II mass graves. The exhumation of these remains is set to begin in 2010.

## Culture

The village is home to the Church of St. John the Baptist (Crkva sv. Ivana Krstitelja).

## Population

Knešpolje :
| Year | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. |
| Croats | 1,105 (99.54%) | 975 (99.69%) | 951 (100%) |
| Yugoslavs | 3 (0.27%) | 0 | 0 |
| Others and Unknown | 2 (0.18%) | 3 (0.30%) | 0 |
| Total | 1,110 | 978 | 951 |
According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,322.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 1,312 | 99.2% |
| Serbs | 1 | 0.1% |
| other/undeclared | 9 | 0.7% |
| Total | 1,322 | 100% |
# List of ambassadors of Peru to South Africa

The Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Peru to the Republic of South Africa is the official representative of the Republic of Peru to the Republic of South Africa.
The ambassador in South Africa is also accredited to "Sub-Saharan Africa". While this term is not defined, the embassy is explicitly accredited to Mozambique and Zambia.
Both countries reestablished relations in 1994, and have maintained them since. Peru opened an embassy in Pretoria in 1994 and South Africa maintained an embassy in Lima until 2021.

## List of representatives

As of 2024, seven ambassadors have serviced the embassy in South Africa.
| Name | Term begin | Term end | President | Notes |
| Jorge Valdez Carrillo | January 1994 | December 1995 | Alberto Fujimori | First ambassador of Peru to South Africa. |
| Juan José Meier Espinosa | February 1996 | August 2000 | Alberto Fujimori | As ambassador, also accredited to Zimbabwe. |
| Amador Velásquez García Monterroso | January 2002 | February 2005 | Alejandro Toledo | As ambassador. |
| Félix César Calderón Urtecho | October 2005 | June 2008 | Alejandro Toledo | As ambassador. |
| Daúl Jesús Enrique Matute | March 2009 | October 2014 | Alan García | As ambassador. |
| Nicolás Alfonso Roncagliolo Higueras | November 15, 2014 | February 2018 | Ollanta Humala | As ambassador. |
| Jorge Félix Rubio Correa | December 1, 2018 | December 2023 | Martín Vizcarra | As ambassador; accredited to Mozambique and Zambia. |
| Mario Bustamante | December 2023 | Incumbent | Dina Boluarte | Chargé d'affaires. |
# Gastarbeiterroute

Gastarbeiterroute is a German language slang term originating in the 1970s. It referred to the former European route 5, which started in Munich and terminated in either Istanbul or Thessaloniki. In summer, as well as for Christmas and Easter, so-called gastarbeiters working in West Germany, Austria and Western Europe would drive their automobiles south on the gastarbeiterroute through Austria and Yugoslavia to their countries of origin. It was notoriously dangerous for drivers and passengers who traveled on congested roads not suited to such heavy traffic.
The route ran from Munich on the German Bundesautobahn 8 to Salzburg and further southwards on the Austrian Tauern Autobahn, which then ended at Golling at the northern rim of the Alps. Drivers had to take the highway (Bundesstraße) to Bischofshofen, Radstadt, and through the Enns valley to Liezen, Leoben, Bruck an der Mur, and Graz. The route passed the Austrian–Yugoslav border at Spielfeld and ran further south to Maribor, Varaždin, and Zagreb. From Zagreb, the notorious Brotherhood and Unity Highway (Autoput) led to Belgrad and Niš, where the route forked: one branch led via Skopje and Evzoni to Thessaloniki, the other branch ran southeastwards along the ancient Via Militaris through Bulgaria to Istanbul.
# List of municipalities in Bolu Province

This is the List of municipalities in Bolu Province, Turkey as of January 2023.
| District | Municipality |
| Bolu | Bolu |
| Bolu | Karacasu |
| Dörtdivan | Dörtdivan |
| Gerede | Gerede |
| Göynük | Göynük |
| Kıbrıscık | Kıbrıscık |
| Mengen | Gökçesu |
| Mengen | Mengen |
| Mudurnu | Mudurnu |
| Mudurnu | Taşkesti |
| Seben | Seben |
| Yeniçağa | Yeniçağa |
# Bogus Springs, Texas

Bogus Springs, also known as Baugus Springs, was an unincorporated community in Cass County, Texas, United States, located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) from McLeod. The settlement was abandoned by 1986.
# Khatib Mwashetani

Khatib Abdalla Mwashetani is a Kenyan politician. He represents Lungalunga constituency in the Kenyan National Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament. He was first elected in the March 4th 2013 Kenyan General Elections. He was elected on a Forum for Restoration of Democracy-Kenya (FORD-Kenya) ticket. His constituency is located in the South Coast and borders Tanzania to the south.
# SCAND1

SCAN domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCAND1 gene.

## Function

The SCAN domain is a highly conserved, leucine-rich motif of approximately 60 amino acids originally found within a subfamily of zinc finger proteins. This gene belongs to a family of genes that encode an isolated SCAN domain, but no zinc finger motif. Functional studies have established that the SCAN box is a protein interaction domain that mediates both hetero- and homoprotein associations, and maybe involved in regulation of transcriptional activity. Two transcript variants with different 5' UTRs, but encoding the same protein, have been described for this gene.

## Interactions

SCAND1 has been shown to interact with MZF1.
# Audignies

Audignies (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Audignies | The arms of Audignies are blazoned : Bendy Or and vert, a canton ermine. |
# James W. Dilley

James W. Dilley is the Executive Director of the UCSF Alliance Health Project (formerly the AIDS Health Project), a mental health facility. He is a psychiatrist and an Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California San Francisco. He is a pioneer in the field of developing responses to help with the mental health issues surrounding HIV. He has published on the issues of mental and physical health in the homosexual community and surrounding HIV. Dilley and other AHP colleagues developed a counseling approach for HIV risk reduction called Personalized Cognitive Counseling (PCC) which was recognized in 2010 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an effective behavioral intervention. He was the 2016 recipient of the Adolf Meyer Award from the American Psychiatric Association.

## Education

He received his medical degree from the University of Missouri and completed his psychiatric residency at UCSF.

## Publications

* Face to Face: a guide to AIDS counseling
# June Constance Howden

June Constance Howden (2 July 1918 – 9 June 2007), also known as Judy Howden was a New Zealand aviator and one of five New Zealand women who joined the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) during World War Two.

## Early life and education

June Constance Howden was born on 2 July 1918. She attended Waikato Diocesan School for Girls in Hamilton. Whilst attending the school she began taking flying lessons, and in 1936 gained her "A" Licence. In that same year, she also received the New Zealand Herald's Air Scholarship.

## World War Two

At the outbreak of World War Two, Howden enlisted with the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, where she was posted as Airwoman of the Watch at 2 Elementary Flying Training School at Woodbourne.
In December 1943, Howden travelled to England and joined the Air Transport Auxiliary. While serving with the ATA, she flew twenty-two different types of planes, including Spitfires, Fireflies, Barracudas, and Mustangs. Howden flew all over Britain, transporting mail, dispatches and medical supplies and ferrying new repaired and damaged aircraft between factories, assembly plants, active-service squadrons and airfields.
Having served two years in the ATA in Britain, June Howden returned to New Zealand January 1946.

## Later life

She gained a commercial pilot's licence and worked for Waikato Aero Club for six years, it was here that she met her future husband Robert William Gummer. Bob Gummer was a fellow pilot who served with the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in the Pacific during the Second World War.
June Gummer died on 9 June 2007 aged 88.
# Joseph Robert Sealy

Joseph Robert Sealy (1907 – 1 August 2000) was an English botanist. He began his career in botany in 1925, working at Kew Gardens, with Thomas Archibald Sprague in the tropical crops section. Later, in 1927, he worked in a herbarium with Arthur William Hill. He was appointed Assistant Botanist in 1940. His specialty was the Flora of China, especially Camellia.
In his personal life he was married to fellow botanist and colleague Stella Ross-Craig (1906–2006).

## Publications

* 1958. Revision of the Genus Camellia.
He is the botanical author of iris graeberiana, which was first published in Botanical Magazine 167: t. 126 in 1950.
# Seal Island (Investigator Strait)

Seal Island is an island located in Investigator Strait off the south coast of Yorke Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) south south-west of Stenhouse Bay. Since 1972, it has been part of the Althorpe Islands Conservation Park.

## Description

Seal Island is about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) south south-west of Stenhouse Bay. It is described as an ‘elevated hump’ rising to a height of 35 metres (115 feet) with a series of ‘segmented islets’ at its west side. Seal Island is reported as being best accessed via its north coast and during the ‘calmest weather’. A number of sources consider Seal Island along with the Althorpe Islands and Haystack Island to be a group of islands known as the Althorpe Islands Group.

## Formation, geology and oceanography

Seal Island was formed between 7500 and 8900 years ago after sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene thereby separating Yorke Peninsula from Kangaroo Island. Seal Island is the remains of a granite inselberg capped by a layer of Bridgewater Formation calcarenite which has been extensively eroded by the action of the sea. Seal Island rises from a depth of 20 metres (66 feet) within 300 metres (980 feet) to its west and south shores, and within 700 metres (2,300 feet) of its east shore.

## Flora and fauna
### Flora

A survey carried out in 1996 reported that 10 species of plants to be present including Nitre-bush, Grey Samphire, Roundleaved Pigface, Sea Celery, Marsh Saltbush and Ruby Saltbush and Australian Hollyhocks.

### Fauna

A survey carried out in 1996 reported the following vertebrate animals to be present - Black-faced cormorant, Little penguin, Sooty oystercatcher, Rock parrot, Silver gull and Fairy tern. The 1996 survey also noted the presence of Galahs and Australian sea lions but assumed these animals were not residents of the island. Subsequent surveys found that Australian sea lions do use the island as a haul-out area and possibly as a rookery, while the Crested tern has been observed as being present on the island.

## Protected areas status

Since 1972, the island has been part of the Althorpe Islands Conservation Park. Since 2007, it has been a prohibited area where access is only allowed by permit in order to protect breeding population of seabirds. Since 2012, the waters surrounding its shores are part of a sanctuary zone located within the boundaries of the Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park.
# Juan José Rodríguez Pérez

Juan José Rodríguez Pérez is a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Ciales. Marcano is affiliated with the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) and he served as mayor from 2013 to 2017.
# Jerome Peterson

Jerome Peterson may refer to:
* Jerome B. Peterson (1859–1943), American newspaper editor and diplomat
* Jerome P. Peterson (1936–2018), American educator and politician