OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kate Young (politician)

Kate Young (born 1955) is a former Canadian politician and journalist who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of London West from 2015 to 2021.

## Background

Before entering politics, Young worked as a news anchor of London's CFPL-TV. She is also the former manager of public affairs and community relations for the Thames Valley District School Board.

## Federal politics

Young was first elected in the 2015 federal election, defeating Conservative incumbent Ed Holder. She was re-elected in the 2019 federal election.
After her election in 2015, Young was appointed the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Transport, Marc Garneau. In a 2017 cabinet reshuffle, Young was moved to the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Science and Sport as well as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Public Services and Procurement and Accessibility in 2018. Following the 2019 federal election, Young was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Economic Development and Official Languages.
In March 2021, Young announced that she would not be running in the 2021 federal election. She was succeeded by Arielle Kayabaga.

## Electoral record

vte2019 Canadian federal election: London West :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Kate Young | 30,622 | 42.96 | -2.85 | $115,818.09 |
| | Conservative | Liz Snelgrove | 19,910 | 27.93 | -7.40 | $66,281.02 |
| | New Democratic | Shawna Lewkowitz | 15,220 | 21.35 | +6.53 | $65,779.29 |
| | Green | Mary Ann Hodge | 3,827 | 5.37 | +2.55 | $10,163.23 |
| | People's | Mike Mcmullen | 1,171 | 1.64 | – | $0.00 |
| | Libertarian | Jacques Boudreau | 523 | 0.73 | -0.34 | none listed |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 71,273 | 99.31 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 496 | 0.69 | +0.27 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 71,769 | 71.49 | -1.85 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 100,387 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | +2.27 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
2015 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Liberal | Kate Young | 31,167 | 45.8 | +19.07 | – |
| | Conservative | Ed Holder | 24,306 | 35.3 | -9.77 | – |
| | New Democratic | Matthew Rowlinson | 10,087 | 14.8 | -10.62 | – |
| | Green | Dimitri Lascaris | 1,918 | 2.8 | +0.12 | – |
| | Libertarian | Jacques Y. Boudreau | 732 | 1.1 | – | – |
| | Communist | Michael Lewis | 87 | 0.1 | – | – |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 68,027 | 100.0 | | $234,017.17 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 286 | – | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 68,313 | 73.9% | – |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 92,326 |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | Swing | +14.42 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||
# Kate Youngman

Kate M. Youngman (December 17, 1841 – September 29, 1910) was an American missionary who established the Ihaien leprosy hospital in Tokyo, Japan, in 1894. It was active from 1894 until 1942.

## History

Youngman was born in Kingston, New York, on December 17, 1841. Her mother died when she was 14 and her father died when she was 17. Her fiancé died in the American Civil War when she was 21. She was dispatched to Japan as a missionary in 1873 by the American Presbyterian Church, when the freedom of faith was ascertained in Japan. She worked as a teacher and missionary at Shin-ei Girls' School. In 1877, she established the "Kohzensha", a Christian organization which was dedicated to the propagation of Christianity, education, and charity. In 1892, Youngman found that a Christian developed leprosy and escaped from a Catholic leprosy hospital because of difference of religion. Youngman proposed that another facility be made for leprosy patients to live without fear of spiritual conflict, but The Presbyterian Church rejected her proposal for funding the project. However, in 1894, the Mission to Lepers began funding her organization. In October 1894, Ihaien was started on 4,950 square meters of land at Meguro, Tokyo. Kitasato Shibasaburō proposed to send doctors and supplies if Ihaien would change to a hospital which was accomplished in 1899.
Youngman herself was reluctant to the hospitalization of the organization, and lost interest in the project. In 1910, she left the Kohzensha and died on September 29, 1910, after 12 days in bed. Her monument is in Somei, Tokyo.

## Ihaien Hospital

The original idea of the Ihaien was to house people with leprosy and let them live with spiritual comfort. Kitasato Shibasaburo, a famous doctor at the Institute of Infectious Diseases belonging to the Interior Ministry, sent a doctor and also patients in 1899 when it was changed to a hospital. The hospital's patients numbered about 50 and were also quite poor. In addition to them, the government sent patients called Seikan (government patients) which sometimes led to strife between them and the already established patients. The Ihaien Hospital was closed in 1942 because of financial difficulties, and 55 patients were transferred to Tama Zenshoen Sanatorium.
# List of mayors of Varna

This is a chronological list of mayors of Varna, the third largest city of Bulgaria, since that post was established after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878.
| mandate | mayor |
| 1878 | Petar Popov |
| 1878-1879 | Veliko Hristov |
| 1879-1881 | Yanko Slavchev |
| 1881-1885 | Mihail Koloni |
| 1888 | Haralan Angelov |
| 1888 | Kiro Merazchiev |
| 1888 | Haralan Angelov (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1888-1890 | Krastyu Mirski |
| 1890-1893 | Mihail Koloni (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1893-1894 | Rusi Mateev |
| 1894-1895 | Kosta Rankov |
| 1895 | Nikola Valkanov |
| 1895-1896 | Yanko Slavchev (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1896-1899 | Zheko Zhekov |
| 1899-1901 | Kosta Rankov |
| 1902-1903 | Panayot Kardzhiev |
| 1903-1904 | Damyan Perelingov |
| 1904-1905 | Dr. Angel Pyuskyuliev |
| 1905-1906 | Krastyu Mirski (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1906-1908 | Dr. Angel Pyuskyuliev (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1908-1909 | Dobri Filov |
| 1909-1912 | Ivan Tserov |
| 1912-1915 | Aleksandar Vasilev |
| 1915-1919 | Stancho Savov |
| 1919-1921 | Dimitar Kondov |
| 1921 | Yurdan Pekarev |
| 1921-1922 | Teodosi Atanasov |
| 1922 | Zlatan Brachkov |
| 1922-1923 | Gospodin Angelov |
| 1923 | Hristo Mirski |
| 1923-1927 | Petar Stoyanov |
| 1927-1930 | Nikola Popov |
| 1930-1932 | Parvan Byanov |
| 1932-1933 | Asen Brusev |
| 1933-1934 | Panayot Panayotov |
| 1934-1935 | Stancho Savov (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1934-1935 | Yanko Mustakov |
| 1936 | Yosif Stoyanov |
| 1936-1943 | Yanko Mustakov (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1943-1944 | Nikola Dimitrov |
| 1944 | Petar Stoyanov (2nd inconsecutive term) |
| 1944-1945 | Lyubomir Dimov |
| 1945-1951 | Geno Gutev |
| 1956-1957 | Georgi Kostov |
| 1951-1956 | Sergey Todorov |
| 1957-1959 | Vasil Popov |
| 1959-1966 | Nikolay Boyadzhiev |
| 1966-1971 | Atanas Nikolov |
| 1971-1979 | Stanoy Yonev |
| 1979-1985 | Hristo Toshkov |
| 1985-1990 | Bogdan Karadenchev |
| 1990 | Georgi Paspalev |
| 1990-1991 | Voyno Voynov |
| 1991-1999 | Hristo Kirchev |
| 1999-2013 | Kiril Yordanov |
| 2013-2023 | Ivan Portnih |
| 2023-incumbent | Blagomir Kotsev |
# SS Ragnhild

Ragnhild was the name of a number of steamships, including:
* SS Ragnhild (1896), torpedoed and sunk by SM UB-30 on 31 August 1917
* SS Ragnhild (1941), in service 1942–46
# Sascha Rothchild

Sascha Rothchild (born November 15, 1976) is an American writer.

## Life

Rothchild grew up in Miami Beach, Florida and is one of three siblings. Her father, John Rothchild, is a well-known non-fiction writer and her mother, Susan Rothchild, is the daughter of 21 Club founder Charlie Berns.
She attended Boston College and graduated with honors in 1998. She then moved to Los Angeles and began her writing career. She lives in Los Angeles with her husband and two boxer dogs.

## Career

Rothchild was featured reading from her teen diary at the stage show, Mortified, on This American Life, My Experimental Phase episode. Her segment "Miami Vices" is on the This American Life best of CD, Hope and Fear. Rothchild was also featured on This American Life on Showtime, episode titled Growth Spurt.
Rothchild writes comedy feature films, scripted television, such as The Carrie Diaries, The Bold Type, Huge In France, GLOWand THE BABY SITTERS CLUB. She was also a regular blogger about relationships for Psychology Today Magazine and Huffington Post. Her LA Weekly article "How To Get Divorced By 30" about her failed starter marriage, spawned a memoir published by Penguin. Rothchild was a Co Executive Producer and writer for seasons 1, 2 and 3 on the hit Netflix series GLOW. She was nominated for an Emmy, Golden Globe, Writer's Guild Award, Producer's Guild Award for her work on GLOW.
Her debut novel, Blood Sugar, was published by Putnam in 2022.

## Works

* How To Get Divorced By 30, Penguin, January 2010. ISBN 978-0-452-29599-5
* Blood Sugar, G.P. Putnam's Sons, April 2022. ISBN 978-0593331545
# Rosay-sur-Lieure

Rosay-sur-Lieure (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure department in north-western France.
# Tutufa tenuigranosa

Tutufa tenuigranosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Bursidae, the frog shells.

## Description

(Original description) The species might perhaps be regarded as a sculptured form of Tutufa bardeyi (F.P. Jousseaume, 1881). The aperture, columellar callus, and outer lip are entirely white. The columella is finely li above and more strongly anteriorly. The peculiarity of this species is the much finer granulation of the surface. The largest specimen is 193 mm in length.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines, India and in the South China Sea.
# Burn My Eye

Burn My Eye was the debut EP recorded by Sydney punk rock band Radio Birdman, in October 1976. It was a low-budget EP recorded at Trafalgar Studios, Sydney and released on the studio's own Trafalgar label after the band had been rejected by many other labels. Part of the reason that many labels were reluctant to sign the band was because of their unconventional sound, which was quite different from the music then popular in the Australian rock scene during the 1970s.
The members of Birdman were not impressed with the acoustics of Trafalgar, a typical 1970s studio which they described as "dead sounding and quiet", in contrast to the high tempo, hard-rock sound for which Birdman is known. To the sound engineers' horror, Birdman decided to alter the studio's sound more to their liking by hauling sheets of corrugated iron from nearby demolition sites up the stairs of the studio and covering the walls with them to 'lighten up the sound'.
Birdman also experimented with some other unconventional sounds on the EP, such as the smashing of VB cans on their heads, as a percussion instrument throughout the recording.
The Burn My Eye EP was only produced once and has not been re-issued, so original copies of the EP are extremely rare. All tracks from the EP appear on the bonus disk of the 2015 CD reissue of the Trafalgar version of their first album, Radios Appear.

## Track listing

* "Smith and Wesson Blues"
* "Snake"
* "I-94"
* "Burned My Eye"

## Personnel
### Radio Birdman

* Rob Younger - lead vocals
* Chris Masuak - guitar, vocals, piano
* Deniz Tek - guitar, vocals
* Warwick Gilbert - bass
* Ron Keeley - drums
# John M. Whitehead (soldier)

John Milton Whitehead (March 6, 1823 - March 8, 1909) was an American chaplain who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the American Civil War.

## Biography

Whitehead was born in Wayne County, Indiana on March 6, 1823. He was ordained as Baptist Minister at age 21 before the war and would continue working in that profession after the war.
He served as a chaplain in the 15th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Civil War after enlisting at Westville, Indiana at age 39. He earned his medal in action at Battle of Stones River, Murfreesboro, Tennessee on December 31, 1862.
Whitehead was married to Mary with whom he had a son named John. He also had a sister named Linda. He moved to Kansas in the 1880s and stayed in Silver and eventually Topeka. He helped found the First Baptist Church in Topeka. Whitehead received his Medal of Honor on April 4, 1898. Whitehead died in Topeka, Kansas on March 8, 1909, and is now buried in Topeka Cemetery, Topeka, Kansas.
# Basil Dunlop

Basil Matthew Stuart Dunlop is a retired Chartered Forester, FICFor (Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Foresters) and author who lives in the Cairngorms National Park.
He was the Chief Forester of the Seafield (Strathspey) Estates, which included the Abernethy Forest, from 1965 to 1983 when he started Forest Conservation Services (a forestry consulting business). He has written widely on the subject of Pinewood Conservation including contributions to the journals of the Royal Scottish Forestry Society and the Native Woodland Discussion Group.
Recognised as a Pinewoods expert, in 1988 he was commissioned by the RSPB to write 'The Future Management of the Abernethy Forest Estate as a Nature Reserve' when they purchased the estate.

## Other activities

His other activities include being a member of Highland Regional Council from 1988 to 1996. Elected Highland Councillor from 1996 to 2007. Since then he has also been the Highland Council representative of the Council of the National Trust for Scotland from 1996 to 2002, and a board member of the Cairngorms National Park Authority from 2003 to 2007.
In 2002 he formed, and was the first Chairman of, the Anagach Woods Steering Group becoming Director (Chairman 2002-10) Anagach Woods Trust 2002 to present.

## Private Commissions

* The Future Management of the Abernethy Forest Estate as a Nature Reserve, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, 1988

## Publications

* The Regeneration of our Native Pinewoods, Royal Scottish Forestry Society, Scottish Forestry (Vol 29, No 2), 1975
* The natural regeneration of Scots pine, Royal Scottish Forestry Society, Scottish Forestry, 1983
* Pressures on the forests of the Cairngorms, in Caring for the High Mountains : Conservation of the Cairngorms, [Editors : J Conroy, Adam Watson, A Gunson], Centre for Scottish Studies, 1990
* Native Woodlands of Strathspey : Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No33, Scottish Natural Heritage, 1994
* The native woodlands of Strathspey, in Our Pinewood Heritage, [Editor : J Aldhous], (Forestry Commission, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Scottish Natural Heritage), 1995
* The Woods of Strathspey in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, in Scottish Woodland History, [Edited : T C Smout], Scottish Cultural Press, 1997
# Jan Raszka

Jan Raszka (2 December 1928 – 5 February 2007) was a Polish skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.
# Lismore Fields

Lismore Fields is the site of a Stone Age settlement in the town of Buxton, Derbyshire, England. It was discovered close to the River Wye in 1984 by the Trent and Peak Archaeological Trust during a search for a Roman road. The site is a protected Scheduled Monument.
The first inhabitants of Buxton made their home at Lismore Fields 6,000 years ago. Excavation of the prehistoric settlement discovered the remains (floors, post holes and pits) of a Mesolithic timber roundhouse and of two Neolithic longhouses. The layout of these buildings can be clearly seen from the positions of the post holes. Flint implements were also found. Lismore Fields could be the earliest cereal cultivation site discovered in Britain. Cereal stores were revealed by the archeologists. Pollen analysis of soil samples and charred plant remains uncovered evidence of emmer wheat, crab apples, hazelnuts and flax. Researchers believe that this ancient site marks the period when Stone Age people developed from hunter-gatherers to farmers.
The "Lismore Pot" is a 5,500 year-old Grimston-ware bowl, pieced together from pottery fragments, and is one of the oldest pots ever found in Britain. It is on display in the Buxton Museum.
# John Meriwether

John William Meriwether (born August 10, 1947) is an American hedge fund executive.

## Education

Meriwether earned an undergraduate degree from Northwestern University and an MBA degree from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

## Salomon Brothers

After graduation, Meriwether moved to New York City, where he worked as a bond trader at Salomon Brothers. At Salomon, Meriwether rose to become the head of the domestic fixed income arbitrage group in the early 1980s and vice-chairman of the company in 1988. In 1991, Salomon was caught in a Treasury securities trading scandal perpetrated by a Meriwether subordinate, Paul Mozer. Meriwether was assessed $50,000 in civil penalties.

## LTCM

Meriwether founded the hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management in 1994. The fund collapsed in 1998. The books When Genius Failed: The Rise and Fall of Long-Term Capital Management and Inventing Money: The Story of Long-Term Capital Management and the Legends Behind It detail the events leading up to and following Long-Term Capital Management's demise.

## JWM Partners

A year after LTCM's collapse, in 1999, Meriwether founded JWM Partners LLC. The hedge fund opened with $250 million under management and by 2007 had approximately $3 billion. From September 2007 to February 2009, during the Great Recession, his main fund lost 44%. On July 8, 2009, Meriwether closed the fund.

## JM Advisors

Meriwether opened his third hedge fund, named JM Advisors Management, in 2010. The fund is expected to use similar strategies as both LTCM and JWM, namely highly leveraged "relative value arbitrage". By March 2011, however, the JM Advisors Macro Fund had raised only $28.85 million.

## Thoroughbred racing

Meriwether has been an owner of thoroughbred horses for a number of years and is a member of the board of directors of the New York Racing Association (NYRA). He notably campaigned Buckhan, the winner of the 1993 Washington, D.C. International Stakes.
# John Lufford

John Lufford was the member of Parliament for Great Grimsby in 1420.
# SNR

The initialism SNR may refer to:
* Signal-to-noise ratio
** Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
* Supernova remnant
* Society for Nautical Research
* Senior, a male generational title suffix
* Sanderstead railway station, London, National Rail station code
* Stabbursnes Nature Reserve, a protected area located in Porsanger
# Jerzy Tyszer

Jerzy Tyszer from the Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for contributions to digital VLSI circuit testing and test compression.
# SS Chancellor (1895)

Chancellor. :
| History ||
| Name | SS Saint Cuthbert (1895–1902) SS Chancellor (1902–1915) |
| Owner | Harrison T. & J. Ltd. - Charente S.S. Co. |
| Port of registry | Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom |
| Builder | C. S. Swan & Hunter Ltd. |
| Yard number | 197 |
| Launched | 9 May 1895 |
| Completed | 12 September 1895 |
| Identification | 105336 |
| Fate | Shelled and sunk 23 September 1915 |
| General characteristics ||
| Type | Cargo ship |
| Tonnage | 4,586 GRT |
| Length | 122 metres (400 ft 3 in) |
| Beam | 14.3 metres (46 ft 11 in) |
| Installed power | Triple expansion steam engine |
| Propulsion | Screw propeller |
SS Chancellor was a British cargo ship that was shelled and sunk by SM U-41 in the Atlantic Ocean 86 nautical miles (159 km; 99 mi) south by east of the Fastnet Rock, while she was travelling from Liverpool to New Orleans.

## Construction

Chancellor was constructed in 1895 with yard no. 197 at the Swan Hunter shipyard in Newcastle upon Tyne. She was completed in 1895 and sailed under the name Saint Cuthbert until 1902. She was renamed Chancellor in 1902.
The ship was 122 metres (400 ft 3 in) long, with a beam of 14.3 metres (46 ft 11 in). The ship was assessed at 4,586 GRT. She had a triple expansion steam engine driving a single screw propeller. The engine was rated at 418 nhp.

## Sinking

On 23 September 1915, Chancellor was on a voyage from Liverpool to New Orleans with 2500 tons of general cargo, until the ship was captured and shelled by SM U-41. The ship sank with no loss of life in the Atlantic Ocean 86 nautical miles (159 km; 99 mi) south by east of the Fastnet Rock.
# Jelcz M125M

The Jelcz M125M (to 2001 called "Dana", after "Vecto") – 12-meters long, first rigid (non-articulated) full-size low-floor bus designed by Zakłady Samochodowe Jelcz S.A. in Jelcz-Laskowice (and the first Polish 100% low-floor bus). Produced from 1998 to 2006, it was supplied by Jelcz until their collapse in 2008. It is a competitor to the other full-size low-floor buses from other European countries.
The M125M Vecto model was created from scratch and was not directly structurally based on the previous vehicles from Jelcz. Compared to buses previously produced by Zakłady Samochodowe, Jelcz differed primarily in the drive unit, which was the MAN D0826 engine with 220 HP.
# Jelbang

Jelbang, also known as Jelbang, is a name of Nepalese village in Rolpa District of the Lumbini Province, and is situated at the Southern Part of the Jaljala Mountain. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 2896 people living in 510 individual households. The town is populated by Magars.

## History
### Nepalese Civil War

Jelbang was used by Maoist rebels during the Nepalese Civil War as a military base where they trained recruits. In 2003, government forces sent in helicopters which heavily bombed Jelbang, killing large amounts of people. At least 68 people from Jelbang died during the war, including 30 who died in the village itself. Almost all died at the hands of the police or military This was the highest amount of killings during the war, and are now known as the Jelbang Killings. In commemoration of the killings, Jailwang has been described as a "Model Peace Village" and a "Village of Martyrs".

### Postwar Nepal

In 2020, an Article in Nagarik reported that a defunct Mine in Jelbang would be converted into a Museum. Local Authorities hope it may boost Tourism in Jelbang.