OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tir Gofal

Tir Gofal (Welsh Care of the Land) was an agri-environmental scheme in Wales launched by the Countryside Council for Wales in 1999. It aimed to encourage farmers and landowners to manage their land in an environmentally friendly way. Its main objectives were "to protect and enhance habitats of importance to wildlife, to protect the historic environment, to protect and restore rural landscapes and to promote public access to the countryside." The scheme operated under the Common Agricultural Policy, and was jointly funded by the European Union and the United Kingdom Government. In 2011, the scheme was transferred into the management of the Welsh Government and subsequently replaced by another environmental scheme, Glastir.

## The scheme

Tir Gofal was a whole-farm scheme available to any person with control over at least 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of agricultural land in Wales. The participant had to agree to manage the land according to a management plan drawn up at the start of the agreement. Elements of the scheme included: the voluntary creation of permissive access to the site; capital payments to protect and manage habitats, create features and support new access provision; and optional training courses in such skills as hedge-laying, dry stone wall building, care of woodlands and management of wetland habitats. The management plan was for an initial five year commitment and could be renewed for an additional five-year period. Under the scheme, the cost of capital works included in the plan was reimbursed and an annual payment was made to the participant.

## The results

The scheme was audited and a report published in September 2008. The scheme had at that time paid out more than £100 million to landholders since it began in 1999, and management agreements had been made with around 3,000 farms, covering about 20 per cent of the total agricultural land in Wales. The report concluded that the scheme was contributing towards its objectives, but that its impact was difficult to assess because of lack of evidence of the extent to which its aims had been achieved. The basic design was thought to be sound but it failed to address specific needs and local conditions.
# The Model's Confession

A Model's Confession is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Ida May Park and starring Mary MacLaren, Kenneth Harlan and Gretchen Lederer.

## Cast

* Mary MacLaren as Iva Seldon
* Kenneth Harlan as Billy Ravensworth
* Edna Earle as Rita Challoner
* Herbert Prior as Bertrand Seldon
* Louis Willoughby as Clay Stewart
* Gretchen Lederer as Mrs. Stanley
# Qumux

Qumux (lit. 'sand') is a village and municipality in the Shaki Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 965.
# Taťána Kuchařová

Taťána Kuchařová, formerly Taťána Gregor Brzobohatá (Czech pronunciation:; born 23 December 1987) is a Czech model and beauty queen who won the title of Miss Czech Republic and Miss World 2006. In doing so, she made history to become the first woman from the Czech Republic ever to win the title at the final event of the Miss World competition, held on 30 September 2006, in Warsaw, Poland. She finished in second place in StarDance, the Czech version of Dancing with the Stars, in 2013.

## Biography

Kuchařová was born on 23 December 1987 in Czechoslovakia. Her hometown is Trnava, nowadays located in Slovakia. She lives in Opočno, a small town in the north of the Czech Republic. In 2006, aged 18, whilst studying at a grammar school, Kuchařová competed in the Czech Miss 2006 competition, and won it. This triumph guaranteed the participation in Miss World, which took place in Warsaw. Kuchařová won Miss World too, which made her well-known all over the world.

## Miss World 2006

Kuchařová beat 103 other women in voting among a panel of judges and from television viewers around the world during a two-hour finals ceremony in the Polish capital, where the president of Warsaw watched the finals, and presented the new Miss World with a scroll, dubbing her as an honorary ambassador of Warsaw, and asking her to carry a message of peace around the world.
Kuchařová, a 177 cm tall high school student with long blond hair, was born in Trnava, Slovakia and grew up in the town of Opočno, Czech Republic. She told the judges that she wants to attend university and then become a model, which she hopes will enable her to travel.
In December 2006, she appeared in a fashion video, directed and produced by Alexander Schukoff in Vienna for Fashion TV.
Kuchařová handed over her crown on 1 December 2007, to the next Miss World, Zhang Zilin of China in Sanya, China. Amongst the countries she travelled to during her reign were Poland, United Arab Emirates, Mexico, United States, China, Russia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, Fiji, Ireland, Iceland, Croatia, San Marino, Northern Ireland, Russia, Sri Lanka, and Latvia.
She subsequently graduated from high school nine months after winning the title.

## Personal life

On 30 July 2016, Kuchařová married Czech musician Ondřej Gregor Brzobohatý [cs]. They got divorced in March 2022.
# Dillhoffia

Dillhoffia is an extinct monotypic genus of flowering plant with a single species, Dillhoffia cachensis known from Ypresian age Eocene fossils found in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, US. The genus and species were described from fifteen specimens found in an unnamed formation belonging to the Kamloops group shales; and two specimens from the Klondike Mountain Formation. The unnamed formation outcrops at the McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, BC, which is designated the type locality while the two U.S. specimens were recovered from the Tom Thumb Tuff member of the Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic, Washington. Of the Okanagan highlands fossil sites, Dillhoffia is only known from two locations, and is absent or has not been identified from the others.
The holotype specimen, number TMP 83.39.175, is preserved in the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology and the paratype specimens are in the Thompson Rivers University and University of Saskatchewan collections. The specimens were studied by paleobotanists Steven Manchester of the University of Florida and Kathleen Pigg of Arizona State University. Manchester and Pigg published the 2008 type description for D. cachensis in the journal Botany, Volume 86, number 9. They chose the generic name Dillhoffia to honor the brothers Richard M. Dillhoff and Thomas A. Dillhoff for their substantial contributions and promotion of Pacific Northwest North American Paleogene floras. The specific name is a reference to Cache Creek, British Columbia, the nearest town to the McAbee site.
Dillhoffia is known from infructescences only. The infructescences are pedunculate having a globose head which bore at least twelve flowers and has been preserved as fossils with several sessile fruits. The fruits are elongate to ellipsoidal in form, being 8–10 millimetres (0.31–0.39 in) by 4–5 millimetres (0.16–0.20 in), and indehiscent. The enlarged calyx present on the fruits is thought to have been used for wind transport, with the calyx being dish to funnel shaped and born approximately three-quarters of the way up the fruit from the base. Formed from a persistent perianth, the calyx may have been accrescent, as small-sized calyces are known. It is unknown what the petals and stamens looked like, as none have been found, possibly being shed during fruit formation. Dillhoffia was most likely a non-magnoliid angiosperm as indicated by its inferior ovary, but placement into a specific family is not possible with the fossils known.
A somewhat similar flower was described from the Warman clay pit in western Tennessee, but it is smaller and the shape of the veins is different.
# Laila Bērziņa

Laila Bērziņa (born 1965) is a Latvian politician who is a deputy of Līgatne City Council belonging to the New Era Party, currently she also work as a school teacher.
# Dusky megapode

The dusky megapode (Megapodius freycinet), also known as dusky scrubfowl or common megapode, is a medium-sized, approximately 41 cm (16 in) long, blackish bird with a short pointed crest, bare red facial skin, dark legs, brown irises, and a dark brown and yellow bill. The male and female are similar. This terrestrial species lives in forests and swamps, including mangroves, of the Maluku and Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia. Like other megapodes, it lays its eggs in a mound made from earth mixed with leaves, sand, gravel, and sticks, which can be as large as 11 m (36 ft) in diameter and stand nearly 5 m (16 ft) tall.
Many authorities include the Biak scrubfowl as a subspecies of this species, but the two are increasingly treated as separate species. At the same time, many authorities consider the taxon M. forsteni a separate species, Forsten's megapode, but measurements and molecular evidence suggest the two are very close, and arguably better considered conspecific. Traditionally, most members of the genus Megapodius have been listed as subspecies of M. freycinet, but today, all major authorities consider this to be incorrect.
The specific name commemorates the French explorer Louis Claude Desaulses de Freycinet.
A fairly common species throughout a large part of its range, the dusky scrubfowl is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
# Dusky long-tailed cuckoo

The dusky long-tailed cuckoo (Cercococcyx mechowi) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in forests in Central Africa. The IUCN has assessed it as a least-concern species.

## Taxonomy

The species was described by Jean Cabanis in 1882. It is monotypic. The specific epithet mechowi honours Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander von Mechow, a Prussian explorer. The name occidentalis for a population with different songs is a nomen nudum.

## Description

The dusky long-tailed cuckoo is about 33 cm (13 in) long and weighs 50–61 g (1.8–2.2 oz). The head, nape and upperparts are dark brown, washed sooty-grey and with a purple-blue iridescence. The wings are dark brown, with buff and white spots. The underparts are white, with blackish-brown bars, and the vent is buff. The tail is long and graduated. The eyes are dark brown, the beak is greenish-black and the feet are yellow. The male and female are alike. The juvenile bird has a blackish throat and rufous bars on its upperparts. The nestling's skin is black, and it has a yellow rump and pale feet.

## Distribution and habitat

This cuckoo has a discontinuous distribution and is found in Angola, most of Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tanzania, and Uganda. Populations west of the Bakossi Mountains, in northwestern Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo, are now considered a distinct species, the whistling long-tailed cuckoo (C. lemaireae) due to their differing calls. Its habitat is forests, preferring ones with dense undergrowth and lianas. It also occurs in tall secondary forests and forests along rivers.

## Behaviour

The dusky long-tailed cuckoo is often found in the undergrowth or mid-canopy. It eats caterpillars, ants, beetles, spiders, snails and seeds and joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Pairs often call from treetops. Its calls include hu hee wheeu and a series of notes that accelerates and then slows and descends. This cuckoo is a brood parasite. The blue-headed crested flycatcher, brown illadopsis and possibly the forest robin have been observed as hosts. Its breeding may be associated with the wet season.

## Status

The species does not appear to have substantial threats, and its population appears stable. The IUCN has assessed it as a least-concern species.
# The KNTV Show

The KNTV Show is an educational television programme that was broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom beginning in 2006, which taught about science, and philosophy (on its sister show KNTV - Philosophy).
The show is presented by two animated fictional teenagers from Eastern Europe (specifically the fictional state of "Slabovia", the "last remaining communist state in Europe"), called Kierky and Nietschze, named after Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. Among the other recurring characters is the suave English gentleman Burgess MacPhilbin, who presents a series of reports on the given subject of that week's episode in the form of a spy's dossier: his name is actually a reference to 'Cambridge' spies Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and Kim Philby.
The show is divided between animated parts in which the two teenagers discuss ideas in a humorous manner, and running commentary about science and philosophy over home video clips of people in comical situations, similar to those on You've Been Framed. In this way, the show melds comedy and education into one as form of edutainment.
The show won a BAFTA award in 2006.

## External links and sources

* The People's Republic of Slabovia official website
* The SlabPlayer - slabovia.tv Media Player
* Slabovia.tv Wiki site (Not Yet Created)
* IMDB listing for The KNTV Show
* Description of the programme
* Another description
* The KNTV Show - BAFTA award results
* C4 description of KNTV - Philosophy
* This article about a children's television show originating in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The KSM Show

The KSM Show is a weekly entertainment programme in Ghana hosted by Kwaku Sintim-Misa.
# Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award

The Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award, established in 1981, is an annual literary award presented by the National Book Critics Circle in honor of its first president, Ivan Sandrof. The award "is given to a person or institution who has, over time, made significant contributions to book culture." The Sandrof Award has also been presented as the "Ivan Sandrof Award for Lifetime Achievement in Publishing" and the "Ivan Sandrof Award, Contribution to American Arts & Letters."

## Recipients

Sandrof Award winners :
| Year | Recipient |
| 1982 | Leslie A. Marchand |
| 1983 | none |
| 1984 | The Library of America |
| 1985 | none |
| 1986 | none |
| 1987 | Robert Giroux |
| 1988 | none |
| 1989 | James Laughlin |
| 1990 | Donald Keene |
| 1991 | none |
| 1992 | Gregory Rabassa |
| 1993 | none |
| 1994 | William Maxwell |
| 1995 | Alfred Kazin |
| 1995 | Elizabeth Hardwick |
| 1996 | Albert Murray |
| 1997 | Leslie Fiedler |
| 1998 | none |
| 1999 | Lawrence Ferlinghetti |
| 1999 | Pauline Kael |
| 2000 | Barney Rosset |
| 2001 | Jason Epstein |
| 2002 | Richard Howard |
| 2003 | Studs Terkel |
| 2004 | Louis D. Rubin, Jr. |
| 2005 | Bill Henderson |
| 2006 | John Leonard |
| 2007 | Emilie Buchwald |
| 2008 | PEN American Center |
| 2009 | Joyce Carol Oates |
| 2010 | Dalkey Archive Press |
| 2011 | Robert Silvers |
| 2012 | Sandra Gilbert |
| 2012 | Susan Gubar |
| 2013 | Rolando Hinojosa-Smith |
| 2014 | Toni Morrison |
| 2015 | Wendell Berry |
| 2016 | Margaret Atwood |
| 2017 | John McPhee |
| 2018 | Arte Público Press |
| 2019 | Naomi Shihab Nye |
| 2020 | The Feminist Press at the City University of New York |
| 2021 | Percival Everett |
| 2022 | Joy Harjo |
| 2023 | Judy Blume |
# Ivan Sansom

Ivan Sansom (born Prestatyn) is a British palaeontologist, Senior Lecturer in Palaeobiology at the University of Birmingham. His research has focused primarily on the conodont palaeobiology and the early Palaeozoic radiation of vertebrates.
Sansom is an editor of the Journal of the Geological Society.
In 2001 Sansom was a recipient of the Palaeontological Association's Hodson Award, conferred on palaeontologists who have made a notable early contribution to the science.

## Selected publications

* Sansom, I. J., Smith, M. P., Armstrong, H. A. and Smith, M. M. 1992. Presence of the earliest vertebrate hard tissues in conodonts. Science 256: 1308-1311.]
* Sansom, I. J., Smith, M. P. and Smith, M. M. 1994. Dentine in conodonts. Nature 368: 591.
* Sansom, I. J., Smith, M. P. and Smith, M. M. 1996. Scales of thelodont and shark-like fishes from the Ordovician. Nature 379: 628-630.
* Smith, M. P., Sansom, I. J. and Repetski, J. E. 1996. Histology of the first fish. Nature 380: 702-704.
* Coates, M. I., Sequeira, S. E. K., Sansom, I. J. and Smith, M. M. 1998. Spines and tissues of ancient sharks. Nature 396: 729-730.
* Sansom, I. J., Donoghue, P. C. J. and Albanesi, G. L. 2005. Histology and affinity of the earliest armoured vertebrate. Biology Letters 2: 446-449.
# J. L. Hubby

John Lee Hubby (March 19, 1932 – March 28, 1996) was an American geneticist, pioneer of gel electrophoresis, and co-author, with Richard Lewontin, of foundational studies in the field of molecular evolution.
After earning a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin in 1959, Hubby took a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Chicago, followed by a faculty position there. In the early 1960s, he developed new applications for gel electrophoresis. He applied the technique to identify different versions of the same protein, reflecting different alleles for the same genetic locus, in fruit flies. Hubby collaborated with Lewontin to produce two breakthrough papers in 1966 that used electrophoresis to determine the level of genetic variation in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Their studies revealed high levels of heterozygosity relative to the predictions of most evolutionary theorists, and pioneered the study of molecular evolution
# The Last Pullman Car

The Last Pullman Car is a 1983 feature-length documentary film produced by Kartemquin Films. The film focuses on the conflict between labor unions and corporations, and was created during a time in the company's history when its directors were making industrial for-hire films to support their social-issue, union-focused documentaries.
The Last Pullman Car won first prize at the Athens International Film Festival and was broadcast on PBS. It was featured on the Learning Channel Independents Series and went on to screen at several other film festivals around the world.
The film's relevancy continues to the present day, and in 2011 it was screened in Pullman by South Side Projections to mark 30 years since the closure of the site.

## Synopsis

The Last Pullman Car follows the efforts of the United Steelworkers Local 1834 to prevent the Pullman-Standard Company from shutting down operations in Pullman, Chicago. The plant had opened in 1864 when George Pullman began selling his famous railroad sleeping cars. Yet in 1981, the industrial empire began to break down, leaving the Pullman workers fighting for their jobs and the future of the American rail car industry. Ultimately, their efforts failed, as the local union was ignored by even their own national union and the plant was shuttered.
# Laguna del Diamante

Laguna del Diamante (Spanish for "lake of the diamond") is a lake located in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, in the San Carlos Department, some 198 km from Mendoza. It covers a surface area of about 14.1 km$^2$ and is one of the largest freshwater resources in the Province. Nearby is Maipo volcano. The volcano and its reflection in the lake forms diamond-shape image, which gives the lake its name. It is known for its stunning beauty. However, few get the chance to see it because it is passable only in February and only via an off-road vehicle.
The lake was described by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in his book Wind, Sand and Stars as quoted, "...he [Guillaumet] caught sight of a dark horizontal blot which he recognized as a lake Laguna Diamante".
* This article about a place in Mendoza Province, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article related to a protected area in South America is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Lake City Correctional Facility

Lake City Correctional Facility is a private state prison for male youthful offenders ages 18 - 24, located in Lake City, Columbia County, Florida. It's been operated since 1997 by CoreCivic, formerly known as Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), under contract with the Florida Department of Corrections. This facility was opened in 1997 and has a maximum capacity of 894 prisoners.
The facility is close to two Florida state prisons, the Columbia Correctional Institution and its Annex.
# Durham Township

Durham Township may refer to the following places in the United States:
* Durham Township, Washington County, Arkansas
* Durham Township, Hancock County, Illinois
* Durham Township, Durham County, North Carolina
* Durham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
# Dummy data

In Informatics, dummy data is benign information that does not contain any useful data, but serves to reserve space where real data is nominally present. Dummy data can be used as a placeholder for both testing and operational purposes. For testing, dummy data can also be used as stubs or pad to avoid software testing issues by ensuring that all variables and data fields are occupied. In operational use, dummy data may be transmitted for OPSEC purposes. Dummy data must be rigorously evaluated and documented to ensure that it does not cause unintended effects.
# Repulsive guidance molecule

Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) are members of a three gene family (in vertebrates) composed of RGMa, RGMb, and RGMc (also called hemojuvelin). RGMa has been implicated to play an important role in the developing brain and in the scar tissue that forms after a brain injury. For example, RGMa helps guide retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons to the tectum in the midbrain. It has also been demonstrated that after induced spinal cord injury RGMa accumulates in the scar tissue around the lesion. Further research has shown that RGMa is an inhibitor of axonal outgrowth. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of RGMa in axonal guidance and outgrowth.

## Family members

| RGM domain family, member AIdentifiersSymbolRGMAAlt. symbolsRGMNCBI gene56963HGNC30308OMIM607362RefSeqNM_020211UniProtQ96B86Other dataLocusChr. 15 q26.1Search forStructuresSwiss-modelDomainsInterPro | RGM domain family, member BIdentifiersSymbolRGMBAlt. symbolsDRAGONNCBI gene285704HGNC26896OMIM612687RefSeqNM_173670UniProtQ6NW40Other dataLocusChr. 5 q21.1Search forStructuresSwiss-modelDomainsInterPro | hemochromatosis type 2IdentifiersSymbolHFE2Alt. symbolsRGMC, HJV, hemojuvelinNCBI gene148738HGNC4887OMIM608374RefSeqNM_145277UniProtQ6ZVN8Other dataLocusChr. 1 q21.2Search forStructuresSwiss-modelDomainsInterPro |
# Repulsion theory

In botany, Repulsion theory is a theory that is used to explain how plants regulate the distance between new budding leaves on a stem. The theory states that each leaf on a stem secretes a substance that inhibits growth of a new leaf. A new leaf will only grow a certain distance away from the previous leaf where the concentration of the substance reaches a lower level. Although no inhibitors have yet been discovered, the theory is supported by several surgical and modeling experiments.
# Lale, Anamur

Lale (or Laleköy, literally “tulip village” in Turkish) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Anamur, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 215 (2022). It is situated in the Taurus Mountains. It is one of the westernmost locations of Mersin Province. Its distance to Anamur is 32 kilometres (20 mi) and to Mersin is 270 kilometres (170 mi).