OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rae (surname)

Rae is a surname and given name.
Notable people with the surname include:

## People (surname)

* Alex Rae (disambiguation)
   * Alex Rae (American soccer), American player (Newark Germans, Kearny Scots, United States)
   * Alex Rae (footballer, born 1946), Scottish player (East Fife, Partick Thistle, Forfar)
   * Alex Rae (footballer, born 1969), Scottish player and manager
   * Alex Rae (rugby union) (born 1986), played for (Northampton, Bedford)
* Allen Rae (1932–2016), Canadian basketball referee
* Ann Cuthbert Rae (1788–1860), Scottish-born Canadian writer and educator
* Ashly Rae, Scottish actress, model and TV presenter
* Bob Rae (born 1948), Canadian politician
* Cath Rae (born 1985), Scottish field hockey goalkeeper
* Charlotte Rae, American actress and singer
* Corinne Bailey Rae (born 1979), British songwriter and singer
* Dawn Rae (born 1941), Australian cricketer
* Divini Rae, motivational speaker, fitness personality and entrepreneur
* Douglas Rae (businessman) (1931–2018), Scottish businessman
* Douglas Rae (film and TV executive) (born 1947), Scottish television executive and former presenter
* Douglas W. Rae (born 1939), political scientist
* Eleanor Rae (born 1934), American author and eco-feminist
* Frederick James Rae (1883–1941), Australian botanist
* Gavin Rae (born 1977), Scottish footballer
* Gwynedd Rae (1892–1977), British children's author
* Ian Rae (1933–2005), Scottish footballer
* Issa Rae (born 1985), American actress
* Iso Rae (1860–1940), Australian impressionist painter
* Jack Rae (1919–2007), New Zealand flying ace of the Second World War
* Jackie Rae (1922–2006), Canadian singer and songwriter
* Jasmine Rae (born 1987), Australian singer and songwriter
* Jason Rae (born 1986), American political activist
* John Rae (administrator) (1813–1900), Australian administrator, painter and author
* John Rae (biographer) (1845–1915), Scottish journalist and biographer of Adam Smith
* John Rae (economist) (1796–1872), Scottish economist and author
* John Rae (educator) (1931–2006), English novelist, journalist and headmaster
* John Rae (explorer) (1813–1893), Scottish explorer of the Arctic
* John B. Rae (1838–1922), American labour leader in 1890s
* Lou Rae, Australian author and historian
* Nelson Rae (1915–1945), American radio and stage actor
* Robin Rae (born 1964), Scottish footballer
* Stephen Rae (footballer) (born 1952), Australian Rules footballer
* Stephen Rae (composer) (born 1961), Australian composer
* Stephen Rae (editor) (born 1960s), Irish news editor
* Thomas Rae (1819–1862), Australian manufacturer and politician
* Tony Rae (1927–2000), Australian educator
* Zac Rae, American musician
# Rae (letter)

Rae (asomtavruli Ⴐ, nuskhuri ⴐ, mkhedruli რ, mtavruli Რ) is the 19th letter of the three Georgian scripts.
In the system of Georgian numerals it has a value of 100.
Rae commonly represents the alveolar trill /r/, like the pronunciation of ⟨r⟩ in "road".

## Letter

| asomtavruli | nuskhuri | mkhedruli |

### Stroke order
## Computer encodings

| asomtavruli | nuskhuri | mkhedruli |
| U+10B0 | U+2D10 | U+10E0 |

## Braille

* mkhedruli
# The Big Heat (1988 film)

The Big Heat (城市特警) is a 1988 Hong Kong action film starring Waise Lee and Joey Wong.

## Cast

* Waise Lee as Chief Inspector John Wong
* Joey Wong as Ada
* Matthew Wong as Inspector Kwok-Keung Lun
* Philip Kwok as Detective Ah Kam

## Production

Johnnie To stated that "Tsui had lots of ideas [for The Big Heat], changing the script all the time, but three days later he would come up with something totally different." To went on to describe that the violence in the film originated from Hark's suggestions, and that it was "a very difficult project". To noted that he was brought in after another director was unable to satisfy Tsui Hark. To also stated that he did not complete the film, but that Tsui Hark completed it with Ching Siu-tung shooting some scenes.

## Release

The Big Heat was released in Hong Kong on 22 September 1988. It was described by Lisa Morton as a "minor box office disappointment", grossing HK$4.076 million and being the 94th highest-grossing film in Hong Kong in 1988.

## Reception

Johnnie To reflected on the film in the late 1990s, stating that "it's good at places, but it was chaotic".
# Instructor

Instructor may refer to:

## Education

* Instructor, a teacher of a specialised subject that involves skill:
** Teaching assistant
** Tutor
** Lecturer
** Fellow
** Teaching fellow
*** Teaching associate
*** Graduate student instructor
** Professor

### Specialists

* Drill instructor
* Driving instructor
* Flight instructor
* Physical training instructor
* Ski instructor
* Swimming instructor

## Publications

* Juvenile Instructor, the official periodical of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) between 1901 and 1930
* The Instructor, the official periodical of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) between 1930 and 1970
* Instructor, a trade magazine for teachers published by Scholastic Corporation

## Other uses

* Ground Instructor, a certificate issued in the US by the Federal Aviation Administration
# Dollar gap

Dollar gap is an economic term denoting a situation where the stock of US dollars is insufficient to satisfy the demand of foreign customers. The usage of the word "gap"" specifically refers to the positive difference between exports and imports, i.e. US active trade balance of the U.S. after World War II, which led to the difference between the need for dollars and their limited supply.

## History

The lack of dollars suffered mainly by European states after World War II, specifically from 1944-1960. The result was the risk of a slowdown in foreign trade, which depended on the convertibility of European currencies into US dollars. The Bretton Woods monetary system was a key dollar service used in international transactions.
Between 1946 and 1951, the United States accumulated trade surpluses. This created a shortage of dollars, as Europe needed to finance its imports from the United States without being able to balance its balance with its exports. This shortcoming was addressed by creating dollars and paying them to other states, which was also one of the goals of the Marshall Plan. Furthermore, clearinghouses (European Payments Union) were created to smooth payment processing.
In the long run, the dollar gap was solved by US balance of payments deficits, a period of so-called dollar glut.
# The Best of Avram Davidson

The Best of Avram Davidson is a collection of fantasy, science fiction and mystery short stories, written by Avram Davidson and edited by Michael Kurland. It was first published in hardcover by Doubleday in January 1979. The book has been translated into French.

## Summary

The book collects eleven novelettes and short stories and a chapter from a novel, originally published in various magazines, with a preface by Peter S. Beagle, an introduction by editor Michael Kurland, and an afterword by the author.

## Contents

* "Foreword" (Peter Beagle)
* "Introduction" (Michael Kurland)
* "Or the Grasses Grow" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, November 1958)
* "The Golem" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, March 1955)
* "King's Evil" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, October 1956)
* "The Ogre" (from If, July 1959)
* The Phoenix and the Mirror, Chapter 8 (from The Phoenix and the Mirror, Ace Books, 1969)
* "The Trefoil Company" (from Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, August 1971)
* "What Strange Stars and Skies" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, December 1963)
* "The Necessity of His Condition" (from Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, April 1957)
* "The Sources of the Nile" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, January 1961)
* "The Unknown Law" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, June 1964)
* "Now Let Us Sleep" (from Venture Science Fiction Magazine, September 1957)
* "Help! I Am Dr. Morris Goldpepper" (from Galaxy Science Fiction, July 1957)
* "Afterword"

## Reception

The collection was reviewed by Joe de Bolt in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review, May 1979 (reprinted in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review: The Complete Series, Vol. I, No. 1-Vol. II, No. 13, January 1979-February 1980), Charles N. Brown in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, August 1979, and (in French) by Pascal J. Thomas in Fiction #319, 1981.

## Awards

The collection placed twelfth in the 1980 Locus Poll Award for Best SIngle Author Collection.
"The Sources of the Nile" received an honorable mention for the 1962 Hugo Award for Best Short Fiction.
# Kothavalasa

Kothavalasa is a town in Vizianagaram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Kothavalasa mandal of Vizianagaram revenue division. It is located 30 km from the city of Visakhapatanam

## Geography

Kothavalasa is located at 17°54′N 83°12′E﻿ / ﻿17.9°N 83.2°E﻿ / 17.9; 83.2. It has an average elevation of 209 meters (688 feet).

## Transport

Kothavalasa has a railway station which is under jurisdiction of Erstwhile East Coast Railway and present South Coast Railway. Kothavalasa is well-connected to Visakhapatnam with the APSRTC Bus Station where Vizag city bus routes terminate. Busses to Viziangaram, S. Kota, Araku, Devarapalli, and Anakapalli pass through Kothavalasa.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Kothavalasa had a population of 17,433. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Kothavalasa has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 62%. In Kothavalasa, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kothavalasa mandal had a population of 62,841 in 2001. Males consists of 31,428 and females 31,413 (M:E ratio=1:1) of the population. The average literacy rate of the mandal population is 60%. Male literacy rate is 72% and that of females 48%.

## Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu. St. John's Regional Seminary (Philosophate) is situated near Kondadaba.
# Kotharia

Kotharia may refer to the following places in India :
* Kotharia, Rajasthan, a town in Rajsamand district
* Kotharia Jagir, a former feudal estate in Udaipur State, with seat in the above town
* Kotharia, Rajkot, a town in Rajkot district of Gujarat
* Kotharia State, a former princely state with seat in the above town
# Railway stations in Benin

There has been continuous provision of rail transport in Benin since 1906. Railway stations in Benin include:

## Maps

* UN Map Benin

## Operational

* Cotonou - (0 km) port
* Porto Novo - national capital; cement factory
* Bohicon
* Dassa-Zoume
* Savé
* Parakou - (438 km) railhead in north

## Non operational

* Pobé - branch railhead in east
* Ouidah - on line to west
* Segboroué - branch railhead in west.

## Under construction

* (2015)
* Parakou (438 km) - railhead in north
* Ndali
* Kandi
* Guéné
* Lama-Kara
* border (574 km)
* Gaya
* Dosso
* Kollo
* Say - iron ore with 650Mt of reserves.
* Niamey (1000 km)

## Proposed

* Cadjehoun St Jean
* Godomey
* Cococodji
* Pahou - terminus of suburban passenger service
* Sémé
* Porto Novo
* Cotonou - terminus of suburban passenger service

## Closed

* Abomey - junction on former 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Zagnanado narrow gauge line
* Zagnanado - branch terminus on former Zagnanado narrow gauge line
* Hévé - branch terminus on former Mono narrow gauge line (station intact, but line lifted)
* Comè - intermediate stop on former Mono narrow gauge line
* Adjaha - intermediate stop on former Mono narrow gauge line
# Rafael Stone

Rafael Stone (born June 16, 1972) is the general manager of the Houston Rockets.

## Early life

A Seattle native, Stone is the oldest of three children. He earned an undergraduate degree in African American studies and political science from Williams College in Massachusetts, where he also played Division III basketball for four seasons. After graduating from Stanford Law School, Stone worked as an associate and then as a partner at New York City-based Dewey Ballantine LLP's mergers and acquisitions and capital markets group.

## Executive career

Stone joined the Rockets in 2005 as general counsel and was later promoted to executive vice president of basketball operations while still serving as general counsel. As general counsel, he was responsible for all legal matters related to the franchise and its arena, Toyota Center, including player contracts, trades, business transactions, and concerts.
He was named general manager of the Houston Rockets by owner Tilman J. Fertitta on Oct. 15, 2020. One of Stone's earliest transactions as Rockets GM was trading Robert Covington to Portland in exchange for Trevor Ariza, a first-round pick, and the rights to Isaiah Stewart, who was the 16th overall pick in the 2020 NBA draft.
Stone then traded Ariza, the rights to Stewart, a second round pick, and cash considerations to Detroit in exchange for Christian Wood, a first-round pick, and a second round pick. Wood went onto finish fourth in voting for the Most Improved Player award in 2020-21 while averaging career-highs of 21.0 points and 9.6 rebounds.
On January 22, 2021, Stone acquired Kevin Porter Jr. from Cleveland in exchange for a second round pick. Porter averaged 16.6 points, 6.3 assists, and 3.8 rebounds over the remainder of the season and joined Memphis’ Ja Morant as the only sophomores in 2020–21 to have averaged at least 16.0 ppg, 6.0 apg, and 3.0 rpg.
During the 2021 NBA draft, Houston acquired four players within the first 24 picks, all of whom were 19-years-old heading into the 2021-22 season. The Rockets drafted Jalen Green with the second overall pick, Usman Garuba 23rd, and Josh Christopher 24th, while obtaining the rights to Alperen Sengun, who was the 16th overall pick by Oklahoma City. The pick used to acquire Garuba was obtained from Portland as part of the Covington deal, while the pick used to select Christopher came from a four-team trade Houston made with Brooklyn, Cleveland, and Indiana on Jan. 16, 2021.

## Personal life

His father, Rafael Stone, played point guard at the University of Washington in the late 1960s and was coached by future Hall of Famer Tex Winter for his final two seasons. He chose a career in law rather than to pursue playing basketball professionally and became the first black lawyer hired by a major Seattle firm.
Stone and his wife have three children.
# Rafal Zielinski

Rafal Zielinski (b 1957) is a Canadian film director, producer and screenwriter best known for his work for Roger Corman in the 1980s. In 1983 he and his producing partners signed a seven-picture deal with Corman, starting with Screwballs.

## Select filmography

* Hey Babe! (1983)
* Screwballs (1983)
* Loose Screws (1985)
* Breaking All the Rules (1985) - writer only
* Valet Girls (1986)
* Recruits (1986)
* State Park (1988)
* Screwball Hotel (1988)
* Spellcaster (1988)
* Ginger Ale Afternoon (1989)
* Night of the Warrior (1991)
* Under Surveillance (1991)
* Jailbait (1993)
* National Lampoon's Last Resort (1994)
* Fun (1995)
* The Elevator (1996)
* Reality Check (2002)
* Hangman's Curse (2003)
* Downtown: A Street Tale (2004)
* Age of Kali (2005)
* Bohemia (2011)
* Tiger Within (2020)
# International Livestock Research Institute

The International Livestock Research Institute or ILRI is an international agricultural research institute within the CGIAR – formerly the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research. It was established in 1994 by merger of the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases in Nairobi in Kenya, and the International Livestock Centre for Africa in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.$^{:6}$$^{:1}$ It is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation.$^{:71}$
Its research is intended to help to build sustainable livestock pathways out of poverty in low-income countries and to help people in those countries to keep their farm animals alive and productive, to increase and sustain their livestock and farm productivity, and to find profitable markets for their animal products. Research covers five broad areas: the natural environment; food; gender; health; and prosperity.
# The Beginning Live

The Beginning Live (stylized as Zahara: The Beginning Live) is a live DVD by South African singer Zahara. It was released by TS Records on September 3, 2012, and features additional performances by LeRoy Bell, DJ Sbu, the Soweto Gospel Choir and Riot. The DVD was shot at Carnival City in Ekurhuleni on June 8 and 9. During her two-day performance, Zahara was backed by an eight person band led by percussionist Tlale Makhene.
The Beginning Live was distributed by Musica, Kalahari and SoMusi. It features performances of songs from Zahara's debut studio album, Loliwe (2011), along with her rendition of Brenda Fassie's "Vuli Ndlela". The Beginning Live received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Zahara's live performances of the songs. The DVD was commercially successful, selling over 40,000 copies and reaching double platinum status in South Africa. Moreover, it was one of the fastest selling DVDs released by a South African artist.

## Background and concert performances

Rehearsals for the two-day event were held at the Pyramid Venue & Conference Centre. As part of the DVD recording, Zahara and Leroy Bell performed some of their biggest songs. In an interview with The Sowetan, Leroy Bell said he felt in love with Zahara's music after googling her and was honored to be part of the DVD production. In the same interview, Zahara said she was nervous about the prospect of working with Bell. She also said she loves Bell's voice and found it coincidental that both of them have a song on their respective albums titled "Brand New Day". Zahara paid tribute to Brenda Fassie and Miriam Makeba during her two-day performance.
Commenting on the success of the concert and DVD recording, Zahara stated: "I feel that God has favoured me, this is just a blessing. It shows that if you remain true to who you are people will support you and remain faithful to you."

## Reception
### Critical reception

Drum magazine praised Zahara, saying she "pulls at the heart strings with her passionate and honest rendition" and commended her for being a "consummate entertainer who knows her way with a live audience and takes them along for a ride in her musical train."

### Accolades

The Beginning Live was nominated for Best Live DVD at the 19th annual South African Music Awards.

## Credits and personnel

* Zahara – primary artist
* LeRoy Bell – guest artist
* DJ Sbu – guest artist
* Soweto Gospel Choir – guest artist
* Riot – guest artist

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| South Africa | September 3, 2012 | CD/DVD, digital download | TS Records |
# Do You Believe in Magic? (book)

Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine – called Killing Us Softly: The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine in the United Kingdom – is a 2013 book about alternative medicine by Paul Offit, an American expert of infectious diseases and vaccines. It was published in the United States by HarperCollins (255 pages) and in the UK by Fourth Estate (20 June 2013, 336 pages).

## Content

The book criticizes alternative medical treatments as ineffective, particularly vitamins and dietary supplements. Among the supplements of which Offit is critical in the book is the use of Vitamin C to treat the common cold, which also leads him to criticize Linus Pauling for promoting vitamin C for this purpose. In the book, Offit also attributes much of alternative medicine's effectiveness to the placebo effect, which is the subject of one of the book's chapters. He also notes that alternative medical treatments can have serious side effects, such as paralysis resulting from chiropractic and viral infections caused by acupuncture. Among the individual doctors Offit criticizes in the book are Joseph Mercola and Rashid Buttar, as well as Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra. Offit has said that he wrote the book as a result of an experience in which he had surgery on his left knee, and his doctor recommended that Offit take glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Offit then looked for scientific studies on the efficacy of these supplements and found some that indicated they were no more effective than placebo.

## Reception

Do You Believe in Magic? was reviewed in the Boston Globe by Suzanne Koven and by Gail Ross in Publishers Weekly. Ross concluded that the book was "a bravely unsentimental and dutifully researched guide for consumers to distinguish between quacks and a cure." Another review appeared in The New Republic, where Jerome Groopman wrote that Offit "writes in a lucid and flowing style, and grounds a wealth of information within forceful and vivid narratives." Victoria Maizes, the director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, criticized the book's claim that St. John's wort is not an effective treatment for depression, citing a 2008 review that found that it was more effective than placebo. Offit responded in an interview with NPR that the point he was trying to make in the book was only that St. John's wort was not effective for severe depression, and that there have been "some studies of value" with respect to treating moderate depression.
In 2013 Offit was presented with the Robert B. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) for Do You Believe in Magic?. "Offit is a literal lifesaver... educates the public about the dangers of alternative medicine, may save many, many more."
# International Domestic Workers Federation

The International Domestic Workers Federation is the first membership-based global organization of household and domestic workers. The IDWF has 81 affiliates in 63 countries, representing over 590,000 members.

## History

In 2006, the First Domestic Workers International Conference was hosted by the FNV Netherlands.
This network was provided strong support by the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations, Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the Global Labour Institute (GLI) and International Labour Organization.
At the International Labour Conference (ILC) in Geneva in 2009, the International Domestic Workers Network (IDWN) was launched.
In June 2011, after a 2-year negotiating process, the ILO Convention concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers (C189) was passed. The IDWN's Steering Committee accepted 14 domestic workers' organizations' membership applications as the first group of IDWN affiliates, at a meeting held in May 2012. The Founding Congress was held on 26–28 October 2013, and the IDWN was renamed to its present name, the International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF).

## Activity

IDWF engages in both advocacy and research efforts to organize domestic workers around the globe.
The International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF) has been instrumental in documenting violence and exploitation of domestic workers, as well as bringing attention to their struggle. With an eye towards the context of the care economy, safe migration, and ending sexual abuse, the IDWF has centered its efforts on organizing migrant and refugee domestic workers.