OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# J.E. Rhoads & Sons

J.E. Rhoads & Sons was the longest continually operating company in the United States until it closed in 2009 after 307 years in business. Founded in 1702 in Marple, Pennsylvania, it eventually relocated to Wilmington, Delaware, and, finally, to Branchburg, New Jersey. Until the 1990s, it was owned by descendants of its founder, Joseph Rhoads.

## History

J.E. Rhoads & Sons was founded by Joseph Rhoads as the Rhoads Company, a commercial tannery, in 1702 in Marple, Pennsylvania. The company came to specialize in the manufacture of leather belts for mechanical applications.
Following the American Civil War, the company purchased the Downing & Price tannery in Wilmington, Delaware. It moved much of its manufacturing operations there in 1868 while keeping its headquarters in Pennsylvania. In the 20th century, the company transitioned most of its product lines from leather to rubber-made, relocated the company's headquarters to Wilmington, and made an initial public offering of shares. In 1977, it would, again, relocate, this time to suburban New Castle County, Delaware.
In 1983 John McGough joined J.E. Rhoads & Sons as chief executive officer, becoming the first person outside the Rhoads family to head the company since its founding. Ten years later, in 1993, a majority of the company's shares were sold out of the Rhoads family to an anonymous buyer, who moved its operations to an industrial park in Branchburg, New Jersey. The company went out of business in 2009. Its name and trademarks were subsequently sold to Mid Atlantic Belting, a company founded by Richard Miller II who had been employed by J.E. Rhoads & Sons in the 1970s.

### Military contracts

Since the company's founding, members of the Rhoads family were Quakers. During the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and World War I, the company suffered – relative to its competitors – due to its decision not to pursue lucrative military contracts, or to sell belting to arms manufacturers, owing to the owners' pacifist beliefs. The increasing complexity of the military industry stressed the company's ethos during World War II, and management decided to apply a "50 percent" rule. In addition to an outright ban on direct military sales, salespeople were instructed not to solicit or close contracts with companies they believed sold 50 percent or more of their products to the U.S. Armed Forces.

### Longevity

Before its closure, both The New York Times and the Library of Congress referred to J.E. Rhoads & Sons as the longest continually operating American business still in existence.

## Legacy

The company's records from 1720 through the year 1969 are held by the Hagley Museum and Library in Wilmington, Delaware.
# Lagonda 16/65

The Lagonda 16/65 was a car introduced by Lagonda in 1926. Production continued until 1930.
Around 250 cars were made. Only one surviving car is known to the Lagonda club.

## Engine and transmission

The engine was a new design for the car by Arthur Davidson who had been with Lea-Francis. The 6-cylinder, overhead-valve engine had a capacity of 2389 cc at first but this was soon increased to 2692 cc. Both sizes had a stroke of 120mm and the smaller version a bore of 65mm increasing to 69mm for the larger one. A single Zenith carburettor was fitted.
The four-speed gearbox was driven through a single dry-plate clutch and short shaft to where it was located centrally in the car. From the gearbox an open shaft then went to the spiral-bevel rear axle.

## Chassis and suspension

The chassis was a lengthened version of that used in the 14/60. Semi-elliptical leaf springs were fitted front and rear. Wire-spoked wheels were used.

## Coachwork

Four-door saloon and tourer bodies were made by Lagonda with many of the saloons having fabric bodies. Some chassis went to external coachbuilders.

## Versatility

There is a record of one Lagonda 16/65 being used as a substitute for a tractor to sweep hay.
# Lagonda 2.6-Litre

The Lagonda 2.6-Litre was an automobile produced in England by Lagonda from 1948 to 1953. It was the first model from that company following its purchase by David Brown in 1947, and was named for the new straight-6 engine which debuted with the car. The Lagonda straight-6 engine was designed by W. O. Bentley and would propel Lagonda's new parent company, Aston Martin, to fame.
The 2.6-Litre (105 bhp) was a larger car than the Aston Martin models which were being produced under David Brown's ownership and was available as a 4-door saloon and, from 1949, as 2-door drophead coupé, both with 4 seats. The drophead was bodied by Tickford, at the time not part of Aston Martin. A Mark II version appeared in 1952, in saloon form only, with engine power increased to 125 bhp.
The car sold reasonably well, in spite of being an expensive car and being launched so soon after the war, with 510 examples made when production ended in 1953.
The car had a separate chassis and all independent suspension using coil springs at the front and torsion bars at the rear. At introduction it was believed to be the only all-independently sprung British car. The Lockheed brakes had 12 in (305 mm) drums at the front and 11 in (279 mm) at the rear with the latter being mounted inboard. Rack and pinion steering was used.
A drophead version tested by The Motor magazine in 1949 had a top speed of 90.2 mph (145.2 km/h) and could accelerate from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 17.6 seconds. A fuel consumption of 17 miles per imperial gallon (17 L/100 km; 14 mpg$_{‑US}$) was recorded. The test car cost £3,420 including taxes.

## Gallery

* 2.6-litre saloon by Frank Feeley
* Drophead coupé by Tickford
* Body design by Frank Feeley
* Prototype EX1
* Drophead coupé by Tickford
# Durand (given name)

The given name Durand may refer to:
* Durand de Bredons (died 1071), French Benedictine and bishop of Toulouse
* Durand of Gloucester (fl.1086), Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1086
* Durand of Huesca (died 1224), Catholic theologian
* Durand or Durandus of Saint-Pourçain (1275–1332), French philosopher and theologian
* Durand Rudy Macklin (born 1958), American retired basketball player
* Durand Scott (born 1990), American basketball player
* Durand Soraine (born 1983), Indian-born Canadian cricket player
* Durand Durand, a character in Barbarella
* Durand Echeverria (1913–2001), American historian
* Durand W. Springer (1866–1943), American football coach and accountant
# Durand, Georgia

Durand is an unincorporated community in Meriwether County, Georgia, United States.

## History

An early variant name was "Stinson", after James W. Stinson, a pioneer citizen. The present name is after the Durand Realty Company, which promoted the town site. A post office called Stinson was established in 1883, its name was changed to Durand in 1911, and the post office closed in 1957. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the community in 1910 as the "Town of Durand". The town's municipal charter was repealed in 1995.
# Lak Chang railway station

Lak Chang railway station is a railway station located in Lak Chang Subdistrict, Chang Klang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat. It is a class 3 railway station located 734.717 km (456.5 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

## Train services

* Local No. 445/446 Chumphon-Hat Yai Junction-Chumphon
* Local No. 447/448 Surat Thani-Sungai Kolok-Surat Thani
# Dumitru Moțpan

Dumitru Moțpan (3 May 1940 – 23 June 2018) was a Moldovan politician, who served as the President of the Moldovan Parliament. He died on June 23, 2018.
# René Baschet

Paul René Baschet (6 May 1860, Paris - 7 August 1949, Paris) was a French journalist; best known as the director of L'Illustration.

## Biography

He was the eldest son of Ludovic Baschet [fr], an art gallery owner and publisher. His younger brother was the portrait painter, Marcel Baschet. After completing his law studies, in 1882, his father entrusted him with managing the gallery, and a series of publications, beginning with the Paris illustré [fr] (1883), which experimented with color typography. Later, in 1885, he became the editor of his father's best known magazine, the Revue Illustrée, a position he held until 1904.
That year, the Baschet family acquired L'Illustration, a newspaper founded in 1843 by Édouard Charton, and René was named its director. In 1922, he joined with fellow journalist, Lucien Vogel [fr], to create Le Jardin des modes [fr], a monthly women's magazine. He was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1935, where he took Seat #9 in the "Unattached" section; succeeding Justin de Selves, who had died the previous year.
In 1940 he, his family, and his editorial staff took refuge in Bordeaux. Their printing plant in Bobigny was destroyed by the German army. Shortly after, he went to Tours, in an attempt to relaunch his publications at the Imprimerie Mame [fr]. Later the same year, he and his eldest son, Louis, returned to Paris; doing as much as they could to keep their staff from being under the control of the Occupation authorities. However, after they rejected several anti-semitic articles submitted by the diplomat, Jacques de Lesdain, the German Ambassador, Otto Abetz, intervened to force him upon them as their political editor.
After the Liberation, Lesdain fled, and was condemned to death in absentia. The Baschets were also accused of being collaborators, but the charges were dismissed. L'Illustration, on the other hand, was found guilty, as a "juridicial person", and was ordered to cease publication.
# Ravel Peak

Ravel Peak (69°55′S 71°17′W﻿ / ﻿69.917°S 71.283°W﻿ / -69.917; -71.283) is an isolated peak, rising to about 1,300 m, surmounting Debussy Heights situated in the northern portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The peak is markedly pyramid shaped when viewed from the east side. First mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Maurice Ravel (1875–1937), French composer and in association with the nearby landforms named after composers in this area.
# Ernest Ross

Ernest Ross may refer to:
* Earnest Ross (born 1991), American basketball player
* Ernest Reinhold Rost (1872–1930), British medical doctor and Buddhist, son of Reinhold Rost
* Ernie Ross (1880–1950), Canadian baseball player
* Ernie Ross (1942–2021), British politician
# Emporia

Emporia is the plural form of the Latin emporium may refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Emporia, Florida
* Emporia, Indiana
* Emporia, Kansas
* Emporia, Virginia

## Other uses

* Emporia (early medieval), a type of trading settlement
* Emporia (moth), a genus of snout moths
* Emporia (shopping mall), a shopping mall in Malmö in southern Sweden
* USS Emporia (PF-28), a frigate of the US Navy
* Queen Emporia, the main protagonist of the Millarworld comic book series Empress, and a supporting character in Big Game
# International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism

The International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2017. It designated 21 August as the International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism in order to honor the victims and survivors of terrorism. In 2017 alone, nearly three-quarters of all deaths caused by terrorism were in just five countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Somalia and Syria. According to a statement by the UN, the day is meant to allow victims of terrorism to have their needs supported and their rights upheld.
# Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota 2

Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota 2 (DHVE2) is a lineage of Archaea ubiquitous in hydrothermal vent systems. Members of this clade are widespread in deep-sea hydrothermal environments are believed to be crucial components of microbial communities and hydrothermal ecosystems. Culture independent laboratory techniques have revealed that this group accounts for up to 15% of all archaeal sequences in 16S rRNA gene analyses.
Organisms belonging to the DHVE2 have been shown to be thermoacidophilic, capable of surviving high temperatures in additional to acidic (low pH) conditions.
The acidic habitats that allow these archaea to flourish are generated, in part, by geothermal, geophysical, and geochemical processes that occur at the ocean floor near the opening of the deep-sea ridges.
Cultivation of these organisms is difficult and only 12 axenic strains have been isolated from 6 vent fields. Similarly, replicating the environmental conditions of the hydrothermal vent systems is difficult to do in laboratory settings and often results in more fastidious deep-sea organisms outcompeting the DHVE2. To date the only cultured representative of the DHVE2 group is Aciduliprofundum boonei which is described as an obligate thermoacidophilic heterotroph capable of fermenting peptides for energy and carbon. A. boonei has a unique S-layer which is more flexible and allows it to generate vesicles that bud off the cells. Further, this particular archaeon reveals unique genomic arrangement of its flagellar genes suggesting horizontal gene transfer or reductive evolution of its flagella production pathway.
# The Takeover (album)

The Takeover is a studio album by Zion I. It was released by Gold Dust Media in 2009. It peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 58/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| HipHopDX | 2.5/5 |
| PopMatters | |
| Spin | 7/10 |
At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 58, based on 7 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Andres Tardio of HipHopDX gave the album a 2.5 out of 5, writing, "Although they should be applauded for experimentation with different styles, their eagerness to please everyone inevitably took over the album in a negative way." Rachel Swan of East Bay Express called it "a producers' album, wherein all imagination and experimental energy lies in the beats, while the substantive content of the raps ceases to matter."

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 36 |
# ERW

ERW may refer to:
* Electric resistance welding
* Energy return wheel, an airless tire
* Enhanced radiation weapon
* Explosive remnants of war, a term for unexploded ordnance
* Enhanced rock weathering
* Equal Rights Washington, an LGBT advocacy and community outreach organization in Washington state, U.S.
* Erw, the unit for the Welsh acre
# Kofi Karim Wumbei

Kofi Karim Wumbei (born 7 July 1955) is a Ghanaian politician and a teacher. He served as a member of parliament for the Wulensi Constituency in the Northern Region.

## Early life and education

Wumbei was born on 7 July 1955. He has a Master of Science in Education at the University of Cape Coast.

## Career

Wumbei is a teacher by profession.

## Politics

Wumbei is a member of the 4th parliament of the 4th republic on seat in the 2004 Ghanaian general election for the New Patriotic Party.

## Elections

Wumbei was elected as the member of parliament for the Wulensi constituency of the Northern Region of Ghana for the first time in the 2004 Ghanaian general elections. He won on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party. His constituency was a part of the 8 parliamentary seats out of 26 seats won by the New Patriotic Party in that election for the Northern Region. The New Patriotic Party won a majority total of 128 parliamentary seats out of 230 seats. He was elected with 10,476 votes out of 22,567 total valid votes cast equivalent to 46.4% of total valid votes cast. He was elected over Daniel Okpanul of the People's National Convention, Laliri George Maban of the National Democratic Congress, Alhaji Musah Ziblila Star Boy of the Convention People's Party, Dawuda Mumuni of the Democratic People's Party and Mohammed Iddrisu an independent candidate. These obtained 3.9%, 43.7%, 0.9%, 1.3% and 3.8% respectively of total valid votes cast.

## Personal life

Wumbei is a Muslim.
# Privacy Commissioner

Privacy Commissioner may refer to:
* Privacy Commissioner of Canada
* Privacy Commissioner (New Zealand)
# The War of the Worlds (board game)

The War of the Worlds is a 1980 board wargame published by Task Force Games.

## Gameplay

The War of the Worlds is a game in which humans defend Victorian London from Martian invaders.

## Video game

Task Force Games developed a 16K computer version of The War of the Worlds. It was published in 1983.

## Reception

Tony Watson reviewed The War of the Worlds in The Space Gamer No. 35. Watson commented that "TWotW does a good job of taking an interesting but very unbalanced situation and making it into a fun game."
Eric Goldberg reviewed War of the Worlds in Ares Magazine #9 and commented that "If the players can accept the radical revisions to the plot of the novel, they have a game which should prove tense for the first five or so plays. After that, War of the Worlds is a solved puzzle."
# Taoyuan Hakka Culture Hall

The Taoyuan Hakka Culture Hall (traditional Chinese: 桃園市客家文化館; simplified Chinese: 桃园市客家文化馆; pinyin: Táoyuán Shì Kèjiā Wénhuàguǎn) is a Hakka cultural center in Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

## History

The hall was built in 2007.

## Exhibitions

The hall mainly displays the exhibition of Hakka culture, antiques and introduces all kinds of Hakka activities.

## Events

The hall regularly holds exhibitions, such as the 2016 Hakka Tung Blossom Festival in Taoyuan etc. The hall also holds various Hakka language-related events to promote the use of the language among youths and offer financial incentives to youths who wish to take the language test.
# Hugh Saunders (RAF officer)

Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh William Lumsden Saunders, GCB, KBE, MC, DFC & Bar, MM (24 August 1894 – 8 May 1987) was a South African aviator who rose through the ranks to become a senior Royal Air Force commander.

## RAF career

Saunders enlisted with the Witwatersrand Rifles Regiment in 1914 at the start of the First World War and then served in the South African Rifles before becoming a pilot in No. 84 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, and sometimes flew as a wingman of fellow South African, RAF flying ace Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor. He became a triple ace, with 15 victories credited to him. He was promoted to squadron leader on 29 May 1929. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 45 Squadron in 1932.
Saunders served in the Second World War, initially as Chief of Staff for the Royal New Zealand Air Force before becoming Air Officer Administration at Headquarters Fighter Command in February 1942 and then being made Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group in November 1942. He was made Director-General of Personnel at the Air Ministry in November 1944.
At the end of the war, he was made Air Officer Commanding RAF Burma before becoming Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command in January 1947. He went on to be Air Member for Personnel in October 1947, Inspector-General of the RAF in October 1949 and Commander-in-Chief at Headquarters Air Forces Western Europe in February 1951. He was appointed Air Deputy to Supreme Allied Commander Europe and retired in September 1953.

## Post retirement

Following a series of fatal accidents in the newly established Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF), Saunders was invited to serve as a special advisor to the Minister of Defence of Denmark in 1954, in order to reorganise and, it was envisioned, bring the number of accidents in RDAF down. Saunders indeed reorganised the RDAF and, realising that most of the equipment/planes were of a tactical nature, established Tactical Air Command Denmark as the supreme HQ of RDAF. In addition, a number of specialist commands were established, training improved and gradually the accident rate fell. He served in Denmark until 1956 and received the Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog for his service.
# Kerri Anderson

Kerri Anderson is a Canadian pop and rock singer, most prominent in the early 1990s. She is most noted for garnering a Juno Award nomination for Most Promising Female Vocalist at the Juno Awards of 1992.
Born and raised in Edmonton, Alberta, Anderson played piano in her youth and played briefly with a local band called Wages of Sin before recording a number of demo songs. The songs garnered her airplay on 96 K-Lite in the city, and the station recorded one of her subsequent live shows for broadcast; the recording in turn led to her becoming the first artist signed to Randy Nicklaus' Impact Records.
Impact released Anderson's album Labyrinth in 1991. However, by 1992 Impact Records was being taken over by MCA Records, and Labyrinth got lost in the shuffle. Left without a record label, Anderson battled clinical depression for several months before reemerging as a performer on Edmonton's local music scene again.

## Discography

* Labyrinth (1991)
# Defeater

A defeater of a belief is evidence that this belief is false. Defeaters are of particular interest to epistemology because they affect whether a belief is justified. An important distinction is between undercutting and rebutting defeaters. Undercutting defeaters remove evidential support for a belief while rebutting defeaters provide evidential support for the opposite thesis of the belief. Defeaters play a central role in modern developments of defeasible reasoning.

## Types

There are two types of defeaters: rebutting defeaters and undercutting defeaters.

### Rebutting

Evidence for the opposite thesis of a belief is called a rebutting defeater of this belief. For example, looking through the window and seeing that the sky is clear is evidence for the belief that it is not raining outside. Therefore, this perception is a rebutting defeater of the belief that it is raining.

### Undercutting

Evidence that undermines the evidential support for a belief without giving support to the opposite thesis is called an undercutting defeater of this belief. For example, remembering that one just consumed a psychedelic drug is evidence against the belief that it is not raining. This memory undermines the reliability of the perception of the clear sky on which the belief was based. But at the same time it doesn't give evidential support to the opposite belief that it is raining. This memory is, therefore, an undercutting defeater of the belief that it is raining.

## Role in defeasible reasoning

Defeaters play a central role in modern developments of defeasible reasoning. In traditional deductive reasoning the only way the conclusion of a valid argument can be false is if at least one of the premises is false.
A defeasible argument, on the other hand, allows the retraction of its conclusion as new evidence is acquired without denying the truth of its premises. The evidence responsible for this retraction is called a defeater.
# Hunter 32 Vision

The Hunter 32 Vision is an American sailboat, that was introduced in 1988.

## Production

The design was built by Hunter Marine in the United States between 1988 and 1994. The design is out of production.

## Design

The Hunter 32 Vision is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a free-standing fractional sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 11,400 lb (5,171 kg) and carries 4,500 lb (2,041 kg) of ballast.
The boat has a draft of 4.25 ft (1.30 m) with the standard wing keel.
The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar 3GM diesel engine of 27 hp (20 kW). The fuel tank holds 22 U.S. gallons (83 L; 18 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 45 U.S. gallons (170 L; 37 imp gal).
The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 177 with a high of 192 and low of 165. It has a hull speed of 6.96 kn (12.89 km/h).
# Deepdene, Western Australia

Deepdene is located in the South West region of Western Australia in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River. It is located near Hamelin Bay and Karridale, Western Australia.
It is often associated with the bay at its west or sea side, which is known as Cosy Corner.
It is also cited as being near Augusta or Jewel Cave.