OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lecithoepitheliata

The Lecithoepitheliata are an order of rhabditophoran flatworms. They are free-living worms, found in freshwater, soil, and marine environments. However, it is still poorly known their roles in the natural food web.

## Description

Members of the order Lecithoepitheliata are distinguished from other flatworms by the presence of four nerve cords and the fact that the ovary forms a single structure that produces both the eggs (ovocytes) and nourishing yolk cells (vitellocytes). The vitellocytes form a follicle around the ovocyte, hence the name of the group, which means "with a yolk epithelium". In most other rhabditophorans, yolk cells, where present at all, are typically formed in glands derived from the ovaries, but separate from them, called vitellaria. Other diagnostic features of this order include the presence of a sharp stylet on the end of the penis, and a simple, unbranched, intestine. The penis lacks a proper pore and is protruded through the mouth.

## Phylogeny

The order Lecithoepitheliata is usually classified as belonging to the clade Neoophora, a subgroup of rhabditophoran flatworms distinguished by the presence of ectolecithal eggs, i.e., yolk is stored outside the ovocytes. However, recent molecular studies have grouped Lecithoepitheliata (at least the family Prorrhynchidae) with the order Polycladida, which has endolecithal eggs, i.e., yolk is stored inside the ovocytes as in most animals. Another previous study, which included representatives of both families of Lecithoepitheliata, concluded that Prorhynchidae is the basalmost clade of Neoophora, followed by Gnosonesimidae. In the former scenario, the ectolecithal condition would have evolved independently twice, and in the latter it would have arisen only once, but Lecithoepitheliata would be paraphyletic.
Phylogeny of Lecithoepitheliata in relation to other rhabditophorans according to Laumer & Giribet (2011):
Phylogeny according to Egger et al. (2015):
# Karolinska Institutet Prize for Research in Medical Education

The Karolinska Institutet Prize for Research in Medical Education is an award bestowed biennially to "recognise and stimulate high-quality research in the field and to promote long-term improvements of educational practices in medical training”. This award has been presented by the Karolinska Institute since 2004 and entails a prize amount of 50,000 Euro.

## Prize committee members

* Chair: Sari Ponzer, Karolinska Institutet
* Scientific secretary: Anna Kiessling, Karolinska Institutet
* Members of the committee:
** Madalena Patricio, University of Lisbon
** Brian Hodges, University of Toronto
** Charlotte Silén, Karolinska Institutet
** Annika Östman Wernerson, Karolinska Institutet
** Bjørn Stensaker, University of Oslo
** Gudrun Edgren, University of Lund
** Ed Peile, University of Warwick

## Laureates

* 2004: Henk G. Schmidt, Erasmus University
* 2006: Ronald M. Harden, University of Dundee
* 2008: Geoffrey R. Norman, McMaster University
* 2010: Richard Reznick, Queen's University at Kingston; David Irby, University of California, San Francisco
* 2012: Cees van der Vleuten, Maastricht University
* 2014: John Norcini, FAIMER
* 2016: Brian D. Hodges, University of Toronto
* 2018: Lorelei Lingard, University of Western Ontario
* 2020: Glenn Regehr, University of British Columbia
* 2022: Kevin Eva, University of British Columbia
# John Newlands (chemist)

John Alexander Reina Newlands (26 November 1837 – 29 July 1898) was a British chemist who worked concerning the periodicity of elements.

## Biography

Newlands was born in London in England, at West Square in Southwark, the son of a Scottish Presbyterian minister and his Italian wife.
Newlands was home-schooled by his father, and later studied at the Royal College of Chemistry, now part of Imperial College London. He was interested in social reform and during 1860 served as a volunteer with Giuseppe Garibaldi in his military campaign to unify Italy. Returning to London, Newlands established himself as an analytical chemist in 1864. In 1868 he became chief chemist of James Duncan's London sugar refinery, where he introduced a number of improvements in processing. Later he quit the refinery and again became an analyst with his brother, Benjamin.
Newlands was the first person to devise a periodic table of chemical elements arranged in order of their relative atomic masses published in Chemical News in February 1863. Continuing Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's work with triads and Jean-Baptiste Dumas' families of similar elements, he published in 1865 his "Law of Octaves", which stated that "any given element will exhibit analogous behaviour to the eighth element following it in the table." Newlands arranged all of the known elements, starting with hydrogen and ending with thorium (atomic weight 232), into eight groups of seven, which he likened to octaves of music. In Newlands' table, the elements were ordered by the atomic weights that were known at the time and were numbered sequentially to show their order. Groups were shown going across the table, with periods going down – the opposite from the modern form of the periodic table.
The incompleteness of the table alluded to the possible existence of additional, undiscovered elements. However, the Law of Octaves was ridiculed by some of Newlands' contemporaries, and the Society of Chemists did not accept his work for publication.
After Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer received the Davy Medal from the Royal Society for their later 'discovery' of the periodic table in 1882, Newlands fought for recognition of his earlier work and eventually received the Davy Medal in 1887.
John Newlands died due to complications of surgery at his home in Lower Clapton, Middlesex and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. His businesses was continued after his death by his younger brother, Benjamin.

## Works

* On the discovery of the periodic law, and on relations among the atomic weights. London: Spon. 1884.
# G & J Trophy Race

The G & J Trophy Race was an automobile race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in each of the two years prior to the first Indianapolis 500. The trophy was sponsored by the G & J Tire Company.

## Race results

| Year | Date | Winning Driver | Car | Race Distance | Race Distance | Time of Race | Winning Speed | Starting Cars |
| Year | Date | Winning Driver | Car | Miles | Laps | Time of Race | Winning Speed | Starting Cars |
| 1909 | Aug 20 | Lewis Strang | Buick | 100 | 40 | 01:32:47.08 | 64.611 mph | 6 |
| 1910 | July 1 | Billy Pearce $^{[a]}$ | FAL | 50 | 20 | 00:45:12.83 | 66.351 mph | 11 |
Note:
[a] Billy Pearce was awarded the victory in the G & J Trophy race of July 1, 1910, after the original first and second place finishers (Bob Burman and Louis Chevrolet) were disqualified. The disqualifications took place a few weeks after the race was run, because Burman's and Chevrolet's Marquette-Buick cars did not meet the rules' definition of a "stock car." Burman's winning time would have been 0:40:03.08, for a speed of 74.904 mph.

## Sources

* Scott, D. Bruce; INDY: Racing Before the 500; Indiana Reflections; 2005; ISBN 0-9766149-0-1.
* Galpin, Darren; A Record of Motorsport Racing Before World War I.
* http://www.motorsport.com/stats/champ/byyear.asp?Y=1909
* http://www.motorsport.com/stats/champ/byyear.asp?Y=1910
* http://www.champcarstats.com/year/1909.htm
* http://www.champcarstats.com/year/1910.htm
# Kerz, Kentucky

Kerz is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. It is located at an elevation of 843 feet (257 m). Its ZIP code is 41255.
# Athletics at the 1934 British Empire Games – Women's 100 yards

The women's 100 yards event at the 1934 British Empire Games was held on 5 and 6 August at the White City Stadium in London, England.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Eileen Hiscock England | Hilda Strike Canada | Leonard Chalmers England |

## Results
### Heats

Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) qualify directly for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Eileen Hiscock | England | 11.1 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Hilda Strike | Canada | ??.? | Q, +2 yd |
| 3 | 1 | Peggy Matheson | Canada | ??.? | |
| 4 | 1 | Doris Morgan | South Africa | ??.? | |
| 5 | 1 | Cathie Jackson | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 6 | 1 | Mollie Bragg | Southern Rhodesia | ??.? | |
| 1 | 2 | Elsie Maguire | England | 11.5 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Audrey Dearnley | Canada | 11.8e | Q, +2 yd |
| 3 | 2 | Marjorie Clark | South Africa | ??.? | |
| 4 | 2 | Joan Cunningham | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 5 | 2 | Margaret Mackenzie | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 6 | 2 | Dorothy Ballantyne | Southern Rhodesia | ??.? | |
| 1 | 3 | Ethel Johnson | England | 11.4 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Leonard Chalmers | England | ??.? | Q, +0.5 yd |
| 3 | 3 | Betty White | Canada | ??.? | |
| 4 | 3 | Barbara Burke | South Africa | ??.? | |
| 5 | 3 | Barbara Barnetson | Scotland | ??.? | |
| 6 | 3 | Cynthia Keay | Southern Rhodesia | ??.? | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Eileen Hiscock | England | 11.3 | |
| | Hilda Strike | Canada | 11.5e | +3 yd |
| | Leonard Chalmers | England | 11.6e | +1 yd |
| 4 | Elsie Maguire | England | 11.6e | |
| 5 | Ethel Johnson | England | 11.7e | |
| 6 | Audrey Dearnley | Canada | ??.? | |
# Licensing Act 1988

The Licensing Act 1988 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applying to England and Wales, which among other things, extended permissible opening hours for public houses to 11 am to 11 pm. Previously pubs were not generally allowed to open between 3:00 pm and 5:30 pm.
# Forest Waste Products

Forest Waste Products is a 120-acre (49-hectare) Superfund site in Forest Township northwest of Otisville, Michigan.
This waste disposal facility was licensed by Michigan to operate as a landfill from 1972 to 1978, taking in solid and liquid industrial waste. Solid waste, including soil contaminated with hazardous chemicals, was placed in an 11-acre (4.5 hectare) landfill on site, and liquid waste was placed in nine lagoons across the site to dry out and be disposed of when only solid waste remained. Poor screening of incoming waste at the facility led to the acceptance of toxic materials. Consequently, soil and groundwater around the site were exposed to environmental contaminants like polybrominated biphenyls, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, volatile organic compounds, copper, and zinc.
At the end of the site's operation and after its closure, citizens near the site raised concerns about these potential toxins. Forest Waste Products was initially assessed for Superfund eligibility on May 1, 1982, and proposed to be listed on the National Priorities List on December 30, 1982. The site was listed on September 8, 1983. Sampling at the site found that residential wells nearby were not contaminated, but there was evidence of toxic contaminants in nearby soil and groundwater. Shortly thereafter, the environmental remediation effort at the site began with the facility's lagoons. From 1988 to 1989, potentially responsible parties got rid of contaminated soil, water, and sludge from this part of the site and filled in the lagoons. Following the clean-up of the lagoons at the site, some drums containing toxic waste were removed from the main landfill to be treated off-site. The landfill was fenced-in and capped in 1997. In addition to these efforts, groundwater monitoring has occurred at and around the Forest Waste Products site since 1993.
The potentially responsible party at this site is Forest Waste Coordinating Committee. In 1993, Michigan entered in an Administrative Order by Consent with the committee to establish their responsibility for reimbursing the state's expenses for oversight at the site. In 1994, the Environmental Protection Agency entered into a Consent Decree with this group. As of 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the Forest Waste Coordinating Committee agreed on the need for continued sampling and investigation at the site. Forest Waste Products remains on the Environmental Protection Agency's National Priorities List.
# Jeremy Campbell

Jeremy Campbell (born August 19, 1987) is an American Paralympic athlete competing mainly in F44 events.

## Career

He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There he won a gold medal and set a world record in the men's Pentathlon - P44 event, won a gold medal in the men's discus throw - F44 event, and finished fourth in the men's long jump - F42/44 event.

## Personal life

He is a brother of National Football League player and Army alumnus Caleb Campbell.
# John Howe

John Howe may refer to:

## Politics

* John Howe (MP for Yarmouth)
* John Grobham Howe (died 1679) (1625–1679), British politician and MP for Gloucestershire
* John Grubham Howe (1657–1722), British politician
* Sir John Howe, 1st Baronet (died 1671), British politician and MP for Gloucestershire
* John Howe, 1st Baron Chedworth (died 1742), British MP for Gloucester and Wiltshire
* John Howe, 2nd Baron Chedworth (1714–1762), Lord Lieutenant of Gloucestershire
* John Howe, 4th Baron Chedworth (1754–1804), last Baron Chedworth
* John W. Howe (politician) (1801–1873), American politician from Pennsylvania
* John Howe (Minnesota politician) (born 1963), American politician from Minnesota
* John T. Howe (politician), state legislator in North Carolina

## Religion

* John Howe (theologian) (1630–1705), English Puritan theologian
* John Howe (bishop) (1920–2001), Episcopal bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane
* John W. Howe (bishop) (born 1942), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central Florida

## Other

* John Howe (loyalist) (1754–1835), American loyalist and printer
* John Howe (Australian settler) (1774–1852), Chief Constable of Windsor, New South Wales
* John Howe (cricketer) (1868–1939), Australian cricketer
* John Howe (RAF officer) (1930–2016), South African-born fighter pilot
* John Howe (illustrator) (born 1957), Canadian book illustrator
* John H. Howe (architect) (1913-1997), American architect
* John H. Howe (judge) (1801–1873), Chief Justice of the Wyoming Territorial Supreme Court
* John Ireland Howe, inventor and manufacturer
* John T. Howe (engineer), American mechanical engineer
* John Howe (filmmaker) (1926-2008), Canadian film director and producer
# Francis Smith (priest)

Francis William Smith MC was Dean of Kimberley, South Africa, and Rector of St Cyprian's Cathedral in Kimberley.

## Early life

In World War I Smith served with distinction as a Second Lieutenant (later Captain) in the 1/8th (Leeds Rifles) Battalion West Yorkshire Regiment. He was awarded a Military Cross, the citation reading thus: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. With a few men he dispersed a fighting patrol of the enemy. Later, he assisted to bring in a wounded man under heavy fire. He has at all times set a fine example of courage and determination." Smith wrote poetry, and a collection of his work, entitled "The Great Sacrifice, and other poems" was published by Erskine MacDonald Ltd in 1917.

## St Michael's, Observatory

Smith served as the fourth rector at the Parish of St Michael and All Angels in Observatory, Cape Town. His wife had a unique role in St Michael's history: in 1927 an unusually well attended annual vestry meeting was held where the vexed question was to be raised, as to whether ladies were eligible for election to the church council. The motion was then defeated but, three years later, Mary Smith, the wife of the rector, became the first woman member, "since when many have served with great advantage to the parish."

## St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley

From Observatory, Smith went to Kimberley as its third dean and eleventh rector of St Cyprian's, being installed at the cathedral on 27 April 1941.
Retiring in 1953, Smith was back in Kimberley on 23 August 1959 to lay the foundation stone of the memorial tower.
Mary Smith was well known in Kimberley for her stage appearances in David Sanders' Boys' High School Players productions, and for her role in the musical life of the city, playing viola in the Kimberley Concert Orchestra under Tommy Marnitz and in an active chamber music group.
# Samuel Moore (translator)

Samuel Moore (1 December 1838 – 20 July 1911) was an English translator, lawyer and colonial administrator. He is best known for the first English translation of Das Kapital and the only authorised translation of The Communist Manifesto which was thoroughly verified and supplied with footnotes by Friedrich Engels. Moore also wrote a summary of a notebook by Marx which was published as Chapter III of the third volume of Das Kapital.
Born in Bamford, Moore was for many years a friend of Karl Marx and Engels and their advisor in mathematics, which he had studied at Trinity College, Cambridge.
# John Foldsone

John Foldsone (died 1784) was an English portrait painter.

## Life

Foldsone gained a reputation as a painter of small portraits, which were described by Edward Edwards as "of no great merit, but with sufficient likeness to procure much employment at a small price". He worked very quickly, arriving at his sitters homes in the morning, dining with them if they lived at a distance, and finishing his work before evening.
Foldsone lived in London, in Little Castle Street, and later in Newman Street. He exhibited at the Society of Artists in 1769 and 1770, and then at the Royal Academy from 1771 to 1783. As well as portraits, the works he showed at the Academy included a Madonna and mythological subjects.
His pair of portraits showing Elizabeth Haffey, and her brother, John Burges Haffey, as children, were engraved in mezzotint by Robert Laurie, and his picture Female Lucubration, was reproduced in the same technique by Philip Dawe.
He died in 1784, leaving a wife and children; the miniature painter Anne Mee was his eldest daughter.
# Jean Cousin (navigator)

Jean Cousin, also Jehan Cousin, was a 15th-century navigator from Normandy, France who has been said to have discovered the New World in 1488, four years before Christopher Columbus, when he landed in Brazil around the mouth of the Amazon. One of his captains was named Martín Alonso Pinzón, who left Cousin in a dispute after their return to Dieppe, and who is claimed to have left for Spain from where he advised Columbus on his westward sail. Pinzon is known to have displayed a remarkable confidence in guiding Columbus in his discovery of the New World. No indisputable written records remain, however, to support Cousin's claim to discovery.
Cousin's travel was succeeded by that of Binot Paulmier de Gonneville in 1504 onboard L'Espoir, which was properly recorded and brought back an Indian named Essomericq. Gonneville affirmed that when he visited Brazil, French traders from Saint-Malo and Dieppe had already been trading there for several years.
The precedent of Jean Cousin and his fellow Norman sailors was used by Charles IX to justify the French attempts at colonizing Florida at Fort Caroline in 1564-65, as, it was said, they had discovered the New World before the Spanish did. The area was called "Terre des Bretons" by the French.
The claim of Jean Cousin's discovery of the New World has long been affirmed in France. In 1660, Etienne Cleirac mentioned it in his Us et coustumes de la mer. The claim is also sometimes reaffirmed in contemporary popular literature.
# Azteca coussapoae

Azteca coussapoae is a species of ant in the genus Azteca. Described by Auguste-Henri Forel in 1905, the species is endemic to Brazil.
# Jeremy Case

Jeremy Case is an American college basketball coach who is an assistant coach at the University of Kansas. He won an National Championship as a player at Kansas in 2008 and won another championship as an assistant coach in 2022.

## High school career

Case played for the McAlester High School in McAlester, Oklahoma. When he graduated, Case was the school's all-time leading scorer in basketball with 2,249 points, winning a regional championship and making the state 5A tournament twice, and playing at the varsity level all four years. The McAlester News-Capital also named Case as the 2002 all-area basketball player of the year. Case was named to the school's McAlester Athletics Hall of Fame in 2017.
Case received offers from many universities including Oklahoma, Ohio State, Notre Dame, Oklahoma State, and Colorado. On July 9, 2003, he announced his choice to play college basketball at the University of Kansas.

## College career

Case played in 94 games while at Kansas. During his time he won four Big 12 championships, 3 Elite Eights, and the 2008 National Championship. He was a two-time Academic All-Big 12 First Team honoree in 2006 and 2008.

## Coaching career

Case remained at Kansas as a graduate assistant from 2008 to 2009. Case left Kansas to work as an assistant coach at Southeast Missouri State from 2009 to 2012. From 2012 to 2016, he was an assistant coach at Houston Baptist University. Case returned to Kansas to serve as video coordinator in August 2016. He was promoted to assistant coach at Kansas on an interim basis in the summer of 2021 before being named full time assistant a few months later.

## Personal

Case lives with his wife and son in Lawrence, Kansas. His father, Win Case, was the head basketball coach at Oklahoma City University from 1993 until 2005 and is an assistant coach at Ole Miss. Win was a college teammate of Bill Self at Oklahoma State during the 1980s.
# Gem Pier

Gem Pier is an historic pier on Port Phillip Bay, in Williamstown, Victoria, Australia. The pier is 145 metres (476 ft) in length and is currently home to the museum ship HMAS Castlemaine and Melbourne Seaplanes.

## History

The first pier was built in 1839 near the present-day Gem Pier. Originally known as "The Jetty", in 1853 it was renamed "Old Pier" following the construction of the "New Pier" (the Ann Street Pier). Throughout the 1860s and 1870s it was known as "Steamboat Pier". In the 1870s it was renamed "Gem Pier" after the paddle steamer Gem that ran a ferry service from Williamstown to Port Melbourne from 1846 to 1886.
The pier was rebuilt in 1992.
# Balsz House

The Balsz House is a historic adobe house in Yuma, Arizona. It was built in 1899 by Harry Neahr, and it belonged to the Balsz family from 1919 to 1976. The Balszes worked in the meat industry. The house is "a well preserved example of middle class housing in Yuma at the turn of the century." It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 7, 1982.
# Caldwell-Hopson House

The Caldwell-Hopson House in Tiptonville, Tennessee, United States, is a two-story weatherboarded frame house built in about 1891 which is Queen Anne-influenced in style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## History

The house was constructed by an unknown builder in 1891 for Aaron Caldwell, a Russian Jewish immigrant who ran a clothing store in Tiptonville.
According to its NRHP nomination, "Its steeply pitched roof, asymmetrical facade, two story bay, and distinctive porch make Caldwell-Hopson House a prime example of a Queen Anne-influenced residence in this small farming community. It is one of the few remaining houses of historic value in the county and is an excellent example of craftsmanship, construction, and design."