OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Silkin Test

The Silkin Test is a UK planning policy designed to control major developments which will affect areas classified as National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
The three main criteria state that -
* it must be in the National interest;
* there is no practicable alternative to development in a National Park;
* must be built in a way that minimises detrimental effects on the environment.
The test was contained in Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas (formerly PPG7) PPS7 has now been replaced by the National Planning Policy Framework (2012), in which paras. 115/116 set out a differently-worded test.

## History

The criteria were first proposed by the then Minister of Town and Country Planning, Lewis Silkin MP in 1949.

## Notable applications

* South Wales Gas Pipeline (2007)
# Karin Wolff

Karin Wolff (born 23 February 1959 in Darmstadt) is a German politician and former deputy minister president of Hesse.
Wolff studied history, evangelical theology and philosophy at Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and Philipps-Universität Marburg. She finished university and worked as a teacher in Darmstadt.
In 1976 Wolff became a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union. In 1995 she became a member of parliament in Hesse and became minister in Hesse on 7 April 1999.
Wolff has written two books on children and education. She lives in Darmstadt in an openly lesbian relationship.

## Works by Wolff

* Karin Wolff (ed.): Ohne Bildung keine Zukunft: sind unsere Bildungskonzepte noch zeitgemäß? Frankfurt am Main, 2001, ISBN 3-89843-048-0
* Karin Wolff: Klasse Schule - starke Kinder. Ideen, Projekte und Perspektiven für Hessen. Wiesbaden, 2007, ISBN 978-3-89869-197-0

## Criticism

She is a creationist. In 2006 she made the following remark in an article in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung:
   "Ich halte es für sinnvoll, fächerübergreifende und -verbindende Fragestellungen aufzuwerfen, dass man nicht einfach Schüler in Biologie mit der Evolutionslehre konfrontiert und Schüler im Religionsunterricht mit der Schöpfungslehre der Bibel. Sondern dass man gelegentlich auch schaut, ob es Gegensätze oder Konvergenzen gibt."
    ("I think it makes sense to bring up multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary problems for discussion, that you do not just confront students with the theory of evolution in biology, and with the theology of creation in religious education. But that you also occasionally look whether there are differences or convergences.")
# Kenanga

Kenanga Investment Bank Berhad (Kenanga IB) is a Malaysian financial services company which provides investment banking, stockbroking and investment management services.
The company was founded in 1973 by Tengku Noor Zakiah Tengku Ismail, the first Bumiputera female stockbroker in Malaysia, with her business partner and is one of the first stockbroking houses in Malaysia. It was listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange in 1996. In 2012, Kenanga IB acquired ECM Libra's investment banking and stockbroking business. The group further expanded by purchasing ING Group's local fund management unit in 2014.
Significant stakes in the company have changed hands throughout its history. It received a 30% equity investment from the U.S. financial group John Hancock in 1989. John Hancock sold its holding to Deutsche Bank in 1991. Deutsche remained a significant shareholder until 2015 to when it disposed part of its interest to Tokai Tokyo. Through a series of merger transactions in 2001, the company's largest shareholder (with a 21 percent interest) is the Cahya Mata Sarawak, an investment holding company linked to the family of former Sarawak chief minister Abdul Taib Mahmud.
In May 2017, Kenanga IB launched Rakuten Trade, a joint venture with Japan's Rakuten Securities, Inc. Rakuten Trade is Malaysia's first full-fledged online stockbroker. In May 2020, Rakuten Trade turned a profit for the first time, after handling more than RM12.5 billion in stocks traded on Bursa Malaysia in three years.
In February 2021, Kenanga IB acquired a 19% stake in cryptocurrency exchange operator Tokenize.
# London Maritime Arbitrators Association

The London Maritime Arbitrators Association (LMAA) is an association of practising maritime and trade arbitrators with headquarters in London, UK.

## Past presidents

* Malcolm T. Browne (1960–63)
* A.S. Bunker (1963–67)
* R.A.H. Clyde (1967–70)
* J. Chesterman (1970–73)
* Clifford A.L. Clark, M.C. (1973 - 75 & 1980 - 83)
* Cedric Barclay (1975–77)
* Ralph E. Kingsley (1977–78)
* Reginald O. Bishop (1978–79)
* Albert E. Morris, M.B.E. (1979–80)
* The Hon. Michael B. Summerskill (1983–85)
* Gerald Geddes (1985–87)
* Harold J. Miller (1987–89)
* Alec J. Kazantzis (1989–91)
* Bruce Harris (1991–93)
* Michael Ferryman (1993–95)
* Michael Baskerville (1995–97)
* Patrick O’Donovan (1997–99)
* Mark Hamsher (1999–2001)
* Christopher J.W. Moss (2001–03)
* Michael Baker-Harber (2003–06)
* Robert Gaisford (2006–08)
* John Tsatsas (2008 – 11)
* Christopher Fyans (2011–14)
* Clive Aston (2014–17)
* Ian Gaunt (2017–20)
* Bruce Harris (2020–21)
# Slifer

Slifer may refer to:
* Slifer the Sky Dragon, the English-language name of a card in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game
* Slifer House, house in Pennsylvania, United States

## People with the surname

* Clarence Slifer (1912–1993), American special effects artist
* Roger Slifer (1954–2015), American comic book writer
# Biere, Germany

Biere is a former municipality in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since January 2008, it is part of the municipality Bördeland.

## History

The town of Biere, the greatest in its municipality, had a city (Stadt) status. By now it is the administrative seat of Bördeland.
# Juan Manuel Rocha Piedra

Juan Manuel Rocha Piedra (born 27 June 1960) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. As of 2013 he served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nayarit.
# Julio Sabala

Julio César Sabala De Jesús, (born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) better known as Julio Sabala is a Dominican impersonator, comedian, singer, and actor who has been on the air for more than 30 years doing comedy and diverse entertainment forms.

## Early life

Sabala used to work in a circus named El Circo De Los Muchachos (The Boys' Circus). He also worked in the films Contigo (1988), Encantada de la vida (1993) and Ven al Paralelo (1992).
# List of universities in Seychelles

This is a list of universities in Seychelles.

## Universities in Seychelles

* Seychelles Polytechnic
* University of Seychelles
* Atlantic African Oriental Multicultural (ATAFOM) University
# Cartoon Network Speedway

Cartoon Network Speedway is a kart racing video game released for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. Published by Majesco Entertainment and developed by DC Studios, the game features characters from Cartoon Network's original animated television series; Ed, Edd n Eddy, Johnny Bravo, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, and Sheep in the Big City.

## Gameplay

Gameplay of Cartoon Network Speedway features 12 drivers, 12 tracks, password saving, and link cable support for two players with multiple game cartridges. The game does not feature a time trial mode.

### Characters

* Courage
* Cow
* Chicken
* Ed, Edd & Eddy
* Johnny 2x4
* Johnny Bravo
* Muriel
* Little Suzy
* Red Guy
* Sheep
* Swanky
* Supercow

## Reception

The game received mixed reviews by critics and gamers alike. On IGN, it received a 3 out of 10, reviewer Craig Harris stating "Cartoon Network Speedway is one of the sloppiest and most generic kart racers released on the Game Boy Advance." It currently has a 53% rating on GameRankings. It was also given a 65 out of 100 from Next Level Gaming, a 3 out of 5 from Nintendo Power, and 58 out of 100 from VG-Force. Complaints centered on bad and choppy graphics, the slow pace, the fact that characters from Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls (both popular Cartoon Network franchises) were unavailable, and the lack of challenge.
# Chandpur Siau railway station

Chandpur Siau is a railway station in Chandpur, Bijnor, India, where Mussoorie Express, Garhwal Express, and Lucknow–Chandigarh Express trains stop. Its code is CPS. It serves Chandpur city.
# Silk Skin Paws

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Robert Christgau | C+ |
Silk Skin Paws is an EP by English rock band Wire. It was released in 1988. The cover sticker describes the EP as a "specially priced mini-album for the Wire connoisseur."

## Track listing
### 12" vinyl/CD EP version

* "Silk Skin Paws (Full Length Version)" (remix by Dave Allen)
* "German Shepherds"
* "Ambitious (Remix)"
* "Come Back in Two Halves (Rerecorded)"

### 7" single version

* "Silk Skin Paws (7" Remix)"
* "German Shepherds"
# Bob Blauner

Robert "Bob" Blauner (May 18, 1929 – October 20, 2016) was an American sociologist, college professor and author. He introduced the theory of internal colonialism.

## Biography

He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Bob spent his high school years at Sullivan High School in Chicago. He was the editor of the school paper, the Sentinel. He was also the valedictorian of his high school class. He was interested in sports and was an avid tennis player. His friends in high school included LeRoy Wollins who went on to be active in Veterans for Peace and earned his living importing Russian language materials. Another friend was Charles Garvin who taught social work at the University of Michigan and Daniel Joseph who was a distinguished professor at the University of Minnesota. Blauner's sociological writings and teachings on class, race, and men are rooted in his years as a factory worker. He took that employment after his return from France where he lived during the so-called McCarthy period. His formal studies led to a B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1948, followed by an M.A. in 1950; he earned his Ph.D. from U.C. Berkeley in 1962. His dissertation at Berkeley, which later became his first book Alienation and Freedom was supervised by William Kornhauser, Seymour Martin Lipset, and Philip Selznick. His master's thesis was on the sociological significance of first names.
He began teaching at San Francisco State University, the University of Chicago, and from 1963 on he taught at Berkeley. His first wife was his high school classmate Virginia Bauer. He had a sister Sonia. His mother was a librarian and his father was a lawyer. His wife at the time of his death was Karina Epperlein who was a noted maker of documentary films, often portraying oppressed people such as incarcerated mothers.
The well-known "Blauner Hypothesis" states that minority groups created by colonization, because it is forced on them, experience a greater degree of racism and discrimination than those created by voluntary immigration.
In his studies, Blauner contrasts the assimilation experiences of Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican-Americans.
His work was funded by major groups such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council. He died in North Berkeley, Berkeley, California on October 20, 2016, at the age of 87.
# Juan Manuel Rodríguez Ojeda

Juan Manuel Rodríguez Ojeda (1853–1930) was a Spanish embroiderer and designer who contributed his works and innovations to the aesthetic change that occurred in the brotherhoods of Seville's Holy Week in the early years of the twentieth century.

## Biography

He began in the art of embroidery in the famous workshop of the Antunz sisters. His work can be divided into two stages, the first of traditional cut that spans from 1879 to 1900.
In 1901 he designed the pallium for the passage of the Virgen de la Amargura of Sevilla which was a major metamorphose in style until then prevailing. It was embroidered in gold thread on blue velvet, instead of the traditional black that was used on the palliums as a sign of mourning. The new shapes of the ensemble also added a series of curved lines in the falls of the skirts that caused a new visual sensation and broke with the predominance of straight lines.
Many of his works were in the design of the Brotherhood of La Esperanza Macarena (Seville) of which he was brother, in addition to holding several internal positions as a mesh mantle that premiered in 1900 and is popularly known as «El Camaronero»,or the pallium that premiered in Easter 1908, embroidered on red velvet and mesh, which contributed its novel shapes and embroidery to the popularization of the new artisirc look, creating a new style of dressing the painful ones that was very imitated later. In addition to his embroidery side, he was also a designer of goldsmith works, as well as the clothes of the Roman Century of the Macarena that accompanies the image of Nuestro Padre Jesús de la Sentencia in his annual procession in the early morning of Good Friday
In 1915, he made one of his most accomplished works, formed by the whole pallium and the mantle of the Virgin of the Presentation of the Brotherhood of El Calvario (Seville), this work is framed in the current historicalist as can be seen among other details.
# Julia Rayner

Julia Rayner is a British actress, who has appeared in The Pianist (2002), Topsy-Turvy (1999) and The Gift (1998).

## Films

* The Gift (1998)
* Topsy-Turvy (1999)
* The Pianist as Regina Szpilman
# List of universities in Saint Pierre and Miquelon

This is a list of universities in Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

## Universities

* Institut Frecker (affiliated with the Memorial University of Newfoundland)
# Brian Glasgow

Brian Gene Glasgow (born June 6, 1961) is a former American football tight end who played for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Northern Illinois University.
# Casali del Manco

Casali del Manco is a town and comune of the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy, located east of Cosenza. It was formed in May 2017 from the union of five previous municipalities, Casole Bruzio, Pedace, Serra Pedace, Spezzano Piccolo and Trenta. It was established following a referendum held on 26 March 2017. In Spezzano Piccolo voters expressed themselves against the proposed union, but this was not enough to retain the status of comune.
# Black Session: Yann Tiersen

Black Session: Yann Tiersen is the first live album of French avant-garde musician and composer Yann Tiersen. The live album was recorded by France International on 2 December 1998 as the opening act of the Rencontres Trans Musicales in the Salle Serreau at the Théâtre National de Bretagne in Rennes, for the C'est Lenoir show broadcast on the French public radio station France Inter. It was subsequently mastered by Radio France, and released in CD format one year later on 2 November 1999. The album features Tiersen with Claire Pichet, Dominique A, Northern Irish singer, songwriter, and frontman of the chamber pop group The Divine Comedy Neil Hannon, singer and songwriter Bertrand Cantat of Noir Désir, singer and illustrator Françoiz Breut, anglophone French rock band The Married Monk (Christian Quermalet, Philippe Lebruman, Etienne Jaumet, Nicolas Courret), French folk rock group Têtes Raides (Christian Olivier, Grègoire Simon, Pascal Olivier, Anne-Gaëlle Bisquay, Serge Bégout, Jean-Luc Millot, and Edith Bégou), the string quartet Quatuor à cordes, guitarist and composer Olivier Mellano, and author Mathieu Boogaerts.

## Track listing

All songs are written and composed by Yann Tiersen except where noted.
* "Sur le fil" – 3:07
* "Geronimo" (Neil Hannon) – 1:56 (Sung by Neil Hannon)
* "Life on Mars" (David Bowie) – 3:09 (Sung by Neil Hannon)
* "La Rupture" – 2:44 (Sung by Claire Pichet)
* "Monochrome" – 3:29 (Sung by Dominique A)
* "Les Bras de mer" (Dominique A) – 3:07 (Sung by Dominique A)
* "Roma amor" (The Married Monk) – 4:00 (Sung by Christian Quermalet)
* "Tout est calme" – 3:27 (Sung by Yann Tiersen)
* "À ton étoile" (Bertrand Cantat/Noir Désir) – 3:46 (Sung by Bertrand Cantat)
* "La Crise" – 2:35 (Sung by Claire Pichet)
* "Les Forges" (Dominique A) – 4:01 (Sung by Françoiz Breut)
* "La Noyée" – 2:26
* "Ginette" (Christian Olivier/Les Têtes Raides) – 4:49 (Sung by Christian Olivier)
* "La Terrasse" – 3:40 (sung by Yann Tiersen)
* "Bon voyage" (Mathieu Boogaerts) – 2:25 (Sung by Mathieu Boogaerts)
* "Le Quartier" – 2:17

## Personnel

* Yann Tiersen
* Christian Quermalet is featured on tracks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 16
* Quatuor à cordes are featured on tracks 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11
* The Married Monk are featured on tracks 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 14
* Olivier Mellano is featured on "La Crise"
* Les Têtes Raides are featured on "La Noyée" and "Ginette"
# Catriona McKay

Catriona McKay is Scottish harpist and composer. She is a contemporary explorer on the Scottish harp (Clàrsach), having collaborated with folk and experimental musicians, as well as co-designing the Starfish McKay harp.
She is a member of the band Fiddlers' Bid and the Chris Stout Quintet.

## Discography

* Catriona McKay (2002, Glimster)
* Starfish (2007, Glimster)
* Harponium (2014, Glimster)

### with Chris Stout

* Laebrack (2005, Greentrax Recordings)
* White Nights (2010, McKay Stout)
* Seavaigers (2014, McKay Stout)

### with Chris Stout and Seamus Begley

* BEGLEY MCKAY STOUT (2014, McKay Stout)

### with Olov Johansson

* Foogy (2009, Olov Johansson Musik)
* The auld Harp (2013, Olov Johansson Musik)

### Fiddlers’ Bid

* Hamnataing (1998, Greentrax)
* Da Farder Ben Da Welcomer (2001, Greentrax)
* Naked and Bare (2005, Greentrax)
* All Dressed in Yellow (2009, Hairst Blinks)

### Strange Rainbow with Alistair MacDonald

* invisible from land and sea (2008)
* Skimmerin (2009)

### Chris Stout

* The First O' the Darkenin' (2004, Greentrax)
* Devil’s Advocate (2007 as Chris Stout Quintet, Greentrax)
* Chris Stout's Brazilian Theory - Live in Concert (2011, Chris Stout)

### Other collaborations

* Aidan O'Rourke: An Tobar (2011, Navigator)
* Transatlantic Sessions 3(2007 BBC 2 ‘Scotland’s Music with Phil Cunningham’)

## Awards

* O’Carolan International Harp Festival in Keadue, Co. Roscommon, Ireland, harp champion (1990s)
* Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (RSAMD), first class honours BA (1990s)
* BBC Radio 3 ‘Young Musician‘, finalist (1999)
* Jakez Francois International Celtic Harp Competition in Nantes, winner (2004)
* Scots Trad Music Awards ‘Instrumentalist of the Year’ (2007 and 2014)
* (As a member of the band) Scots Trad Music Awards ‘Album of the Year’ for Chris Stout Quintet's ‘Devil’s Advocate’ (2007) about as Fiddlers' Bid, see Fiddlers' Bid#Awards and achievements
# John Rood Cunningham

John Rood Cunningham (July 3, 1891 – June 15, 1980) was the 12th president of Davidson College. Born in Missouri, Cunningham came to Davidson after spending several years in the ministry, including serving as president of Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary.
As president, Cunningham was able to expand the endowment to five million dollars, almost double the size of the faculty, and increase the student population from around 160 students to 970 students. Cunningham also spearheaded the construction of several new buildings in order to accommodate the growth in students and faculty.
After leaving Davidson, Cunningham was appointed the executive director of the Southern Presbyterian Foundation.
# Joculusium

Joculusium muizoni is a fossil species discovered at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Little is known about the animal.

## Taxonomy

The species describes a fossilised specimen of an unknown family, but allied to the order Dasyuromorphia with reasonable confidence by the author Stephen Wroe. The holotype and only sole known specimen is a lower jaw bone. The epithet of the species muizoni honours the palaeontologist Christian de Muizon and its new genus Joculusium was named in reference to the type locality.

## Description

Joculusium muizoni is a fossil species of dasyuromorph, an order of marsupials represented in the modern Australian fauna by the quolls (Dasyuridae), Tasmanian devil and recently extinct thylacine (Thylacinidae). When discovered, the specimen exhibited the least derived characteristics of the known species of the order that was found in dasyurid and thylacinid families. The only specimen is a jaw bone of a carnivore that probably ate smaller vertebrate species or insects.

## Distribution

The type locality is middle Miocene (Faunal Zone C, circa 14 myr) at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, which at that time was a wetter environment dominated by rainforest.
# List of highways numbered 422

The following highways are numbered 422:

## Canada

* Manitoba Provincial Road 422
* Newfoundland and Labrador Route 422

## Japan

* Route 422 (Japan)

## United States

* Interstate 422 (future)
* U.S. Route 422
* Georgia State Route 422 (unsigned designation for Georgia State Route 10 Loop)
* Louisiana Highway 422
* Maryland Route 422
* New York State Route 422 (former)
* Oregon Route 422
** Oregon Route 422S
* Puerto Rico Highway 422
* Tennessee State Route 422
* Texas State Highway Spur 422
# Bristol Eye Hospital

Bristol Eye Hospital is a specialist ophthalmic hospital in Bristol. It is part of the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust. The University of Bristol Dental Hospital is adjacent, and the Bristol Royal Infirmary is nearby.

## History

The hospital was founded in 1808 by Dr William Henry Goldwyer as "The Institution for the Cure of Disease of the Eye Amongst the Poor" in Lower Maudlin Street. In 1839, and again in 1898, it expanded into adjoining buildings. In 1935 a new building was completed, which was in turn replaced in 1982 creating the present hospital which opened in 1986. A refurbishment and expansion took place between 2010 and 2011.
# Shankol

Shankol is a village in Nookat District of Osh Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 2,182 in 2021.
# Błędnica (Slavic demoness)

Błędnica – a forest demoness, which is said to have led people astray, leaving its victims alone in the depths of the forest to die of starvation or to be eaten by wild animals. The evil entity is most often described as a young and pretty girl. It is believed that the only way to chase the demon away was to use some strong spells or to sacrifice something either at one's home or during the hunt.