OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Northwood

Joseph Northwood (January 11, 1809 – October 29, 1886) was an Irish-born manufacturer, merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He sat for Lambton division in the Senate of Canada from 1880 to 1886.
He was born in Westport, County Mayo, and came to Canada in 1832, settling in Chatham. His grandfather John Northwood is said to have caught General James Wolfe in his arms when Wolfe was fatally wounded. Northwood ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the legislative Assembly for the Province of Canada in 1864. He married Ann Wilson. Northwood served as a member of the council for the town of Chatham. He died in office in Chatham at the age of 77.
# James Harkin

James Harkin may refer to:
* James Bernard Harkin (1875–1955), Canadian conservationist
* James Harkin (podcaster), British podcaster
* Jim Harkin (1913–1988), English professional footballer
# Knudson

Knudson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include a long-standing Danish family with ties to the Supreme Court, as well as West Point and the Missouri/Arkansas State Court.

## People

* Albert C. Knudson (1873–1954), Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition, associated with Boston University
* Alfred G. Knudson M.D., Ph.D. (1922–2016), geneticist specializing in cancer genetics
* Barbara Knudson (1927–2014), American film and television actress
* Dave Knudson (guitarist) plays guitar with Seattle-based indie band Minus the Bear
* Dave Knudson (politician) (born 1950), American lawyer, South Dakota Senator, and a member of the Republican Party
* Dean Knudson (born 1961), the Mayor of Hudson, Wisconsin
* Emery T. Knudson (1896–1974), Chief Justice of the Idaho Supreme Court
* George Knudson, CM (1937–1989), Canadian professional golfer
* Guido Knudson (born 1989), American former professional baseball pitcher
* Harvey B. Knudson (1903–1978), Justice on the North Dakota Supreme Court from 1965 to 1975
* Lewis Knudson (1884–1958), American botanist
* Mark Knudson (born 1960), former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball
* Milton L. Knudson (1923–1942), United States Navy sailor who received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal during World War II
* Norman Knudson (1874–1934), member of the Wisconsin State Senate
* Olaf Knudson (1915–1996), Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party
* Peter C. Knudson, American politician and Orthodontist from Utah
* Robert Knudson (1925–2006), American sound engineer
* Ruthann Knudson (1941–2018), American archaeologist
* Tom Knudson, (born 1953), American journalist and a two-time Pulitzer Prize winner in 1985 and 1992
* Wendy Knudson or Wendy Koenig (born 1955), American middle-distance runner
* Kelly Knudson (born 1976), American archaeologist and anthropologist

## Ships

* USS Knudson (DE-591), a United States Navy destroyer escort converted during construction into the high-speed transport USS Knudson (APD-101)
* USS Knudson (APD-101), United States Navy high-speed transport in commission from 1944 to 1946 and from 1953 to 1958
# Caltra

Caltra (Irish: An Chealtrach or Cealtrach na Pailíse meaning "burial-ground of the palisade") is a townland and village on the R358 regional road in County Galway, Ireland. As of the 2011 census, the townland of Caltra had a population of 115 people.

## History

Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of ringfort, fosse and enclosure sites in the townlands of Caltra, Lisnagree and Lislea. The Roman Catholic church in the village is dedicated to Saint Solan. It was built c. 1840 on the site of an earlier friary, and extended in the late 1930s by W.H. Byrne & Sons architects.

## Sport

The local Gaelic football club, Caltra GAA, won the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship for the 2003–04 season.

## People

* Eamon Gilmore, born in Caltra, is a former leader of the Labour Party.
* Michael Meehan, inter-county footballer for Galway.
# Scott Friedholm

Scott A. Friedholm (born March 14, 1975) is an American college baseball coach and former catcher. Friedholm is the head coach of the UNC Asheville Bulldogs baseball team.

## Amateur career

Friedholm attended Walpole High School in Walpole, Massachusetts. Friedholm played for the school's varsity baseball team. Friedholm then enrolled at Providence College, to play college baseball for the Providence Friars baseball team.
As a freshman at Providence College in 1995, Friedholm was a member of the Friars team that won a school record 44 games and winning the Big East Conference. In 1996, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League, where he was a league all-star and helped lead the team to the league title.
As a sophomore in 1997, Friedholm had a .381 batting average, a .471 on-base percentage (OBP) and a .636 SLG.
In the 1998 season as a junior, Friedholm batted .352 with a .525 SLG, 3 home run, and 30 RBIs. He was named First Team All-Big East.
During his senior season, he hit 13 home runs, 21 doubles, 3 triples and 66 RBIs. He was named First Team All-Big East.

## Professional career

Friedholm began his professional career with the St. Petersburg Devil Rays of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he batted .200 with one RBI.

## Coaching career

Friedholm began his coaching career in 1999 as a pitching coach for the Bryant Bulldogs baseball program. In 2002, Friedholm left Bryant to join the coaching staff of the Maine Black Bears to serve under Paul Kostacopoulos, whom recruited Friedholm at Providence. On August 30, 2005, he followed Kostacopoulos to work for the Navy Midshipmen baseball program. On July 28, 2010, he joined Mike Gambino's coaching staff at Boston College.
On June 18, 2014, Friedholm was the head coach of the UNC Asheville Bulldogs baseball program. Friedholm led the Bulldogs to a 21–34 record in his first season. In 2017, he led the Bulldogs to the first berth in the Big South Conference baseball tournament since 2012.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| UNC Asheville Bulldogs (Big South Conference) (2015–present) ||||||
| 2015 | UNC Asheville | 21–34 | 5–19 | 11th | |
| 2016 | UNC Asheville | 16–38 | 5–19 | 11th | |
| 2017 | UNC Asheville | 25–32 | 11–13 | 6th | Big South Tournament |
| 2018 | UNC Asheville | 13–38 | 8–19 | 10th | |
| 2019 | UNC Asheville | 16–36 | 9–18 | 9th | |
| 2020 | UNC Asheville | 5–11 | 0–0 | | |
| 2021 | UNC Asheville | 15–33 | 14–26 | 8th | |
| 2022 | UNC Asheville | 21–29–1 | 14–9–1 | 3rd | Big South Tournament |
| 2023 | UNC Asheville | 26–25 | 12–15 | T-6th | |
| 2024 | UNC Asheville | 22–28 | 10–14 | T-5th | |
| UNC Asheville: | UNC Asheville: | 180–304–1 | 88–152–1 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 180–304–1 | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# John Howden (bishop)

John Howden, O.P., D.D., was a pre-Reformation clergyman who served as the Bishop of Sodor and Man.
A Dominican friar, he was appointed the bishop of the Diocese of Sodor and Man by papal provision on 18 May or 19 June 1523. He is said to have vacated the see by 17 February 1530, however, a bishop "John" was mentioned in documents in July 1532 and 2 July 1533. The next certain bishop of Sodor and Man was Thomas Stanley who was appointed to the see in 1542.
# Gammersgill

Gammersgill is a hamlet in Coverdale in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England. It is about 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Leyburn.
The toponym is of Old Norse origin, from Gamall, a personal name, and skali 'hut', so means 'hut of a man named Gamel'.
# Lindsey State Jail

The Lindsey State Jail (formally the John R Lindsey State Jail) is a privately operated minimum- and medium-security prison for men located in Jacksboro, Jack County, Texas. The facility is operated by Corrections Corporation of America under contract with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and houses state inmates.
CCA has run the facility since 2004, and it has an official capacity of 1031 inmates.
# BaaS

BaaS may refer to:
* Banking as a service
* Backend as a service
* Blockchain as a service
# Rosemont (Wilmington, Delaware)

Rosemont, also known as Joseph W. and Ida Guest House, is a historic home located at 151⁄2 Cragmere Road, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built about 1893, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay, T-shaped vernacular brick-and-frame farmhouse. It consists of a gambrel-roofed main block with projecting central bay, with a gable-roofed rear wing. The house has elements of Stick, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival-style detailing. Also on the property is a 2+1⁄2-story frame carriage house.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2009. The property was the Highlighted Property of the Week when the National Park Service released its weekly list of March 6, 2009.
# Knudsen gas

A Knudsen gas is a gas in a state of such low density that the average distance travelled by the gas molecules between collisions (mean free path) is greater than the diameter of the receptacle that contains it. If the mean free path is much greater than the diameter, the flow regime is dominated by collisions between the gas molecules and the walls of the receptacle, rather than intermolecular collisions with each other. It is named after Martin Knudsen.

## Knudsen number

For a Knudsen gas, the Knudsen number must be greater than 1. The Knudsen number can be defined as:
${\rm {{Kn}={\frac {\lambda }{L}}}}$
where
$\lambda$ is the mean free path [m]
$L$ is the diameter of the receptacle [m].
When $10^{-1}<{\rm {{Kn}<10}}$, the flow regime of the gas is transitional flow. In this regime the intermolecular collisions between gas particles are not yet negligible compared to collisions with the wall. However when ${\rm {{Kn}>10}}$, the flow regime is free molecular flow, so the intermolecular collisions between the particles are negligible compared to the collisions with the wall.

## Example

For example, consider a receptacle of air at room temperature and pressure with a mean free path of 68nm. If the diameter of the receptacle is less than 68nm, the Knudsen number would greater than 1, and this sample of air would be considered a Knudsen gas. It would not be a Knudsen gas if the diameter of the receptacle is greater than 68nm.
# Shawn Wong

Shawn K. Wong is a Chinese American author and scholar. He has served as the Professor of English, Director of the University Honors Program (2003–06), Chair of the Department of English (1997–2002), and Director of the Creative Writing Program (1995–97) at the University of Washington, where he has been on the faculty since 1984 and teaches courses covering critical theory, Asian American studies, which he is considered a pioneer in, and fiction writing. Wong received his undergraduate degree in English at the University of California Berkeley (1971) and a master's degree in Creative Writing at San Francisco State University (1974).

## Writings

Wong's first novel, Homebase, published by Reed and Cannon (1979), won the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award and the 15th Annual Governor's Writers Day Award of Washington. His second novel, American Knees, first published by Simon & Schuster in 1996, was adapted into an independent feature film entitled Americanese (2010), written and directed by Eric Byler and produced by Lisa Onodera. The book was re-issued in 2005 by University of Washington Press.
Wong explained in an interview the title "American Knees": "When I was a child, kids used to come up to me and ask, 'What are you: Chinese, Japanese or Americanese?", while some asked if I was "Chinese, Japanese or dirty knees?"
"I never really knew what that meant when I was a kid," Wong says, "but I knew I didn't like it."
Wong is also co-editor of six multicultural literary anthologies including the pioneering anthology Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian-American Writers (reprinted in four different editions), Literary Mosaic: Asian American and Asian Diasporas, Cultures, Identities, Representations, and The Big Aiiieeeee! He is co-editor of Before Columbus Foundation Fiction/Poetry Anthology: Selections from the American Book Awards, 1980-1990 – two volumes of contemporary American multicultural poetry and fiction.
Wong has been awarded a National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellowship and a Rockefeller Foundation residency in Italy. He was featured in the 1997 PBS documentary Shattering the Silences, and in the Bill Moyers' PBS documentary Becoming American: The Chinese Experience, in 2003. He is also featured in the 2005 documentary What's Wrong With Frank Chin?
Wong also serves as consulting and contributing editor for Transtext(e)s-Transcultures: A Journal of Global Cultural Studies.

## Career

Shawn Wong specializes in Creative Writing and Asian American studies. Since 1972, he has taught at several colleges and universities, including Mills College at Northeastern University, University of California at Santa Cruz, San Francisco State University, and the University of Washington. He has also taught at the University of Tübingen (Germany), Jean Moulin University (Lyon), and at the University of Washington Rome Center (Italy).
He is on the faculty of the Red Badge Project, which teaches storytelling to veterans suffering from PTSD, depression, or anxiety disorders.
# Bamberger Ranch Preserve

Bamberger Ranch, also called Selah, is an ecological restoration and conservation project near Johnson City, in Blanco County, Texas in the Texas Hill Country.

## History

The preserve was created in 1969 by restaurant chain executive J. David Bamberger.
Bamberger specifically sought out a worn-out ranch with poor economic prospects and when he found Selah, “The ranch was mostly bare ground or infested with cedar (Juniperus ashei). There was no grass and absolutely no live creeks, springs, or ponds.”
After removing the "cedar" and planting native grasses, rainwater infiltration improved and the aquifer underlying the property refilled. The site now has several running springs that did not exist when Bamberger bought the place.
Bird biodiversity on the land has increased from around 50 species to over 220 species.
The ranch also works to promulgate endangered species. It has a herd of scimitar-horned oryx (native to Africa), and Bamberger also markets the Texas snowbell tree to other ranchers.

## Bat cave

The 5,500 acres (22 km$^2$) site has its own human-built bat cave, completed in 1998 and called the Chiroptorium. The Chiroptorium is now home to a colony of 200,000 Mexican free-tailed bats.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 493

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 493 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Terrell v. Morris | 493 U.S. 1 | 1989 |
| White v. United States | 493 U.S. 5 | 1989 |
| Northbrook Nat'l Ins. Co. v. Brewer | 493 U.S. 6 | 1989 |
| Hallstrom v. Tillamook Cnty. | 493 U.S. 20 | 1989 |
| Citizens for Independent Press v. Thornburgh | 493 U.S. 38 | 1989 |
| Ches. & Ohio R. Co. v. Schwalb | 493 U.S. 40 | 1989 |
| United States v. Sperry Corp. | 493 U.S. 52 | 1989 |
| Breininger v. Sheet Metal Workers | 493 U.S. 67 | 1989 |
| Golden State Transit Corp. v. City of Los Angeles | 493 U.S. 103 | 1989 |
| Pavelic & LeFlore v. Cadence Industries Corp. | 493 U.S. 120 | 1989 |
| United States v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. | 493 U.S. 132 | 1989 |
| John Doe Agency v. John Doe Corp. | 493 U.S. 146 | 1989 |
| Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. v. Sperling | 493 U.S. 165 | 1989 |
| University of Pennsylvania v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | 493 U.S. 182 | 1990 |
| Comm'r v. Indianapolis Power & Light Co. | 493 U.S. 203 | 1990 |
| FW/PBS, Inc. v. City Dallas | 493 U.S. 215 | 1990 |
| Spallone v. United States | 493 U.S. 265 | 1990 |
| James v. Illinois | 493 U.S. 307 | 1990 |
| Franchise Tax Bd. v. Alcan Aluminium Ltd. | 493 U.S. 331 | 1990 |
| Dowling v. United States | 493 U.S. 342 | 1990 |
| Guidry v. Sheet Metal Workers Nat. Pension Fund | 493 U.S. 365 | 1990 |
| Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization | 493 U.S. 378 | 1990 |
| W.S. Kirkpatrick & Co. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp. | 493 U.S. 400 | 1990 |
| FTC v. Super. Ct. Trial Lawyers Ass'n | 493 U.S. 411 | 1990 |
| Tafflin v. Levitt | 493 U.S. 455 | 1990 |
| Holland v. Illinois | 493 U.S. 474 | 1990 |
| Sullivan v. Zebley | 493 U.S. 521 | 1990 |
| Dept. of Social Servs. v. Bouknight | 493 U.S. 549 | 1990 |
# Juan Vicente Ugarte del Pino

Juan Vicente Ugarte del Pino (June 12, 1923 – October 6, 2015) was a Peruvian historian, jurist and lawyer. A judge and noted jurist, Ugarte del Pino was a member of the legal team which represented Peru before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) during a 2008 case over the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute.
Ugarte del Pino served as the dean of the Bar Association of Lima (Colegio de Abogados de Lima) (CAL) from 1974 to 1975, which coincided with the dictatorship of President Juan Velasco Alvarado. Ugarte del Pino was a prominent critics of the erosion of the rule of law in Peru by Velasco. The Velasco government prosecuted and imprisoned Ugarte del Pino for counterrevolutionary crimes for his vocal opposition. Juan Velasco Alvarado was overthrown in 1975.
Vicente Ugarte del Pino was appointed to the Supreme Court of Peru in 1980. During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Ugarte del Pino served as the President of the Supreme Court's Criminal Chamber in 1986, President of the Supreme Court of Peru in 1987, and the President of the Supreme Court's Civil Chamber in 1989.
In 2008, the Peruvian government appointed Ugarte del Pino to the legal team which represented Peru at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague during its dispute with Chile over the ongoing Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute. The case was known as "Case Concerning Maritime Delimitation between the Republic of Peru and the Republic of Chile", or simply Peru v. Chile. The ICJ issued its final ruling in January 2014, granting Peru some additional maritime territory.
Vicente Ugarte del Pino died in at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital in the district of Jesús María in Lima, Peru, on October 6, 2015, at the age of 92. His death was confirmed by Mario Amoretti, the present dean of CAL.
# Caelopyginae

Caelopyginae is a neotropical sub-family of harvestmen (order Opiliones) in the family Gonyleptidae.

## Genera

Caelopyginae contains the following genera:
* Ampheres Koch, 1839 – includes Prosodreana Giltay, 1928, Coelopygulus Roewer, 1931, Zalonius Mello-Leitão, 1936, Metampheroides Mello-Leitão, 1941 and Pizaius Soares, 1942
* Arthrodes Koch, 1839
* Caelopygus Koch, 1839 – includes Liarthrodes Mello-Leitão, 1922 and Heterarthrodes Mello-Leitão, 1935
* Garatiba Mello-Leitão, 1940
* Metampheres Roewer, 1913
* Metarthrodes Roewer, 1913 – includes Exochobunus Mello-Leitão, 1931, Heterampheres Mello-Leitão, 1935, Varzellinia Mello-Leitão, 1942 and Kapichaba Mello-Leitão, 1942
* Parampheres Roewer, 1913
* Pristocnemis Koch, 1839 – includes Stenoprostygnus Piza, 1940
* Proampheres Roewer, 1913
* Thereza Roewer, 1943
# Jean Six

Jean Six (1533–1586) was a theologian and bishop of Saint-Omer.

## Life

Six was born in Lille, Walloon Flanders, in 1533, the son of a city magistrate. He studied at Leuven University, graduating Master of Arts in 1551. From 1552 to 1558 he taught Philosophy at Lily College, while studying Theology at Holy Spirit College, graduating Licentiate in Sacred Theology. On 21 June 1561 he succeeded Jean Hessels as head of the theological college.
On 31 January 1563 he resigned in favour of Cornelius Jansen to become parish priest of the Church of Saint-Étienne, Lille. On 3 December 1571 Gérard de Haméricourt, bishop of Saint-Omer, appointed him to a canonry of Saint-Omer Cathedral. Six signed the Union of Brussels on 9 January 1577 on behalf of the bishop. After Haméricourt's death, on 17 March 1577, Six represented the clergy in the States of the County of Artois, and was deputized to represent the States of Artois in the Estates General, where he took the rotating presidency whenever it was the county's turn. His intransigence towards the Calvinists led to his recall by the States.
On 7 October 1577 he was appointed canon penitentiary, and on 20 December 1577 diocesan administrator. When the rebels briefly took power in Saint-Omer, he refused to take an oath of loyalty to William of Orange, and on 22 April 1578 was banished from the city. During his exile he studied Hebrew at the University of Paris. He returned to Saint-Omer in February 1579, after the Union of Arras had been agreed. On 17 August 1579 he was reinstated as diocesan administrator, and was appointed archdeacon of Artois.
On 6 May 1580, the governor general of the Habsburg Netherlands, Alexander Farnese, sent Six the royal letters naming him bishop of Saint-Omer. Pope Gregory XIII confirmed the nomination on 3 March 1581. He was consecrated bishop in Douai on 23 July 1581 by Mathieu Moulart, bishop of Arras, assisted by Jean Sarazin, abbot of St Vaast, and Arnold Gantois, abbot of Marchiennes Abbey. He was installed in his see on 6 August. In December 1582 he formally adopted the Gregorian Calendar in his diocese.
After the conclusion of the Siege of Ypres (1584), Six was invited to that city to reconsecrate the churches. In January 1585 he assisted at the double consecrations in Tournai of Petrus Simons as bishop of Ypres and Clemens Crabbeels as bishop of 's-Hertogenbosch.
He died in Lille on 11 October 1586, while en route to attend a provincial synod in Mons. His secretary, Franciscus Lucas Brugensis, transported his heart back to Saint-Omer for burial there.

## Publications

* Statuta synodi dioecesanae audomarensis, anno M D LXXXIII (Douai, Jan Bogard, 1583), the statutes of the diocesan synod of 1583, introducing Tridentine reforms.
# Traber Derby Spiel

Traber Derby Spiel is a board game published in 1989 by BURK-Verlag.

## Contents

Traber Derby Spiel is a game in which eight teams of horses are driven around a harness racing track.

## Reception

Derek Carver reviewed Traber Derby for Games International magazine, and gave it 4 stars out of 5, and stated that "While not agreeing that it is in the same class as the unique Win, Place & Show I would certainly recommend it."
# Berd Rocks

Berd Rocks is a natural monuments in Iskitimsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. Its area is 26.7 hectares.

## Flora

87 species of vascular plants were registered here, 7 of these species are listed in the Novosibirsk Oblast Red Data Book: Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium septentrionale, Tulipa patens, Erythronium sibiricum, Cerastium maximum, Cypripedium macranthos, Gagea fedtschenkoana.

## Fauna

19 species of mammals, 48 species of birds, 2 species of lizards and over 300 species of invertebrates live here. Of particular interest is the insects, which is poorly studied.
Species listed in the Novosibirsk Oblast Red Data Book: Gray marmot, European honey buzzard, Ural owl, Hawfinch, butterflies Apollo and Swallowtail, dragonflies Detka pyatnoglazy and Macromia amphigena fraenata.
# California Juvenile Stakes

The California Juvenile Stakes is an American flat Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-olds held annually at Bay Meadows Racetrack in San Mateo, California. It is currently a discontinued stakes race that was run over a distance of 8 furlongs on dirt.

## Winners

* 2000 - Zillah the Hun
* 1999 - Globalize
* 1998 - Voice of Destiny
* 1997 - King Slewie
* 1995 - Mountain Skier
* 1994 - Valid Wager
* 1994 - Robannier
* 1993 - Lykatill Hil
* 1992 - Big Pal
* This horse race article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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