OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Klusenstein Castle

Klusenstein is a castle in Hemer, Germany, located on a 60m high cliff above the valley of the Hönne river. The castle was built in 1353 as a boundary fortification of the earldom Mark.

## History

The castle was built in 1353 by Gerhard of Plettenberg, a vassal of earl Engelbrecht III of the Mark. Levold of Northof (1279-1359?), the chronicler of earl Engelbrecht, wrote
    In denseluen jair, als die vurs. Greue Engelbrecht auer Meer reysden, beghan Gerit van Plettenbrecht in afwesen des Greuen dat Slot ind Stat to nyenraide in Suderlande to tymmeren ind oick Slot ten Cluysensteyn.
which translates to
    In the year when Earl Engelbrecht was traveling beyond the sea, Gerit of Plettenberg in the absence of his earl began to build the castle and town of Neuenrade in the Sauerland, as well as the castle of Klusenstein.
The castle formed the boundary fortification of the earldom Mark to the bishopric state of Cologne and the earldom Arnsberg. All three territories met at the Hönne river valley, the castle was also overlooking an old road crossing the valley. During the feud between earl Engelbert and Gottfried IV of Arnsberg, the castle was under siege in 1366 but did not fall.
When the last Earl of Arnsberg, Gottfried IV, sold the earldom to the bishop of Cologne, the castle lost its importance. Until the 17th century, the family of Werminghausen owned the castle. During the 30 years war (1618–48) both Swedish and Hessian troops stayed in the castle. In 1695 the Brabeck family bought the castle and sold it in 1812 to the Löbbecke family. In 1904 it was sold to the Hoesch company, and now belongs to the company Rheinkalk.
For the 650th anniversary in 2003 the castle and the adjoining buildings were renovated.

## Etymology

The origin of the name Klusenstein isn't fully known. While the second part stein simply means rock, the word Kluse may either refer to a rift in the rock, or alternatively from the dialect word for hermitage.

## Location

The castle is located on a 60m high cliff over the Hönne river valley, at around the narrowest part of the valley. At the bottom of the rock is a small cave in total 51m long. One corridor bends upward, but about 30m below the plateau it is blocked by stones. There were legends about a secret escape route out of the castle, in 2003 the top entrance to the cave was found below the eastern palais destroyed in 1840.
Below the castle is a mill named Klusenstein mill, though it did not belong to the castle. Since 1912 the railway connecting Balve and Menden runs directly below the castle.
# Dibromoacetylene

Dibromoacetylene is a molecular chemical compound containing acetylene, with its hydrogen substituted by bromine.

## Production

Dibromoacetylene can be made by reacting 1,1,2-tribromoethylene with potassium hydroxide. This method has a danger of causing explosions.
Another way is to react acetylene with phenyl lithium (at −50 °C) to make lithium acetylide, which then reacts with bromine to yield the product.
Yet another way is to react acetylene with sodium hypobromite NaOBr.

## Properties

Dibromoacetylene is explosive and sensitive to air. Its appearance is a clear water like liquid. It has a sweetish smell, but makes a white fume in air that then smells like ozone, possibly because it forms ozone. Dibromoacetylene is lachrymatory.
Dibromoacetylene can be polymerised to polydibromoacetylene using catalysts like titanium tetrachloride and triethylaluminium. Polydibromoacetylene is black, electrically conducting, and stable in air to over 200 °C.
The infrared spectrum has absorption at 2185 cm$^{−1}$ due to symmetrical stretching on the C≡C bond, 832 cm$^{−1}$ asymmetrical stretch on C-Br bond, 311 cm$^{−1}$ bending on Z shape BrCC, 267 symmetrical stretch on all bonds, and 167 cm$^{−1}$ for C-shaped bending.

## Reactions

In air dibromoacetylene spontaneously inflames producing black sooty smoke and a red flame. When heated, it explodes, yielding carbon and other substances. A slower reaction with oxygen and water, yields oxalic acid and hydrobromic acid and other bromine containing substances. A reaction with hydrogen iodide yields dibromoiodoethylene. Dibromoacetylene reacts with bromine to yield tetrabromoethene.
Dibromoacetylene reacts with Apiezon L, which is used as a vacuum grease in distillation, so its use is unsuitable with this chemical.
# Dibromoanthracene

A dibromoanthracene is a derivative of anthracene with two bromine atoms. All compounds have the formula C$_{14}$H$_8$Br$_2$. They are all isomers of one another.
| Compound | CAS number |
| 1,2-Dibromoanthracene | 38193-30-5 |
| 1,3-Dibromoanthracene | |
| 1,4-Dibromoanthracene | |
| 1,5-Dibromoanthracene | 3278-82-8 |
| 1,6-dibromoanthracene | |
| 1,8-Dibromoanthracene | 131276-24-9 |
| 1,9-dibromoanthracene | 92610-89-4 |
| 1,10-dibromoanthracene | |
| 2,3-Dibromoanthracene | 117820-97-0 |
| 2,6-Dibromoanthracene | 186517-01-1 |
| 2,7-Dibromoanthracene | 63469-82-9 |
| 3,9-Dibromoanthracene | |
| 9,10-Dibromoanthracene | 523-27-3 |
# Die Pharmazie

Die Pharmazie (English: The Pharmacy) is an academic journal published monthly by Govi-Verlag Pharmazautischer Verlag. The journal includes original papers, reviews, book reviews, and short communications. Originally published in Berlin by Verlag Dr. W. Saenger in German only from 1946 to 1972, it is now published at Eschborn in English.
* This article about a pharmacology journal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.See tips for writing articles about academic journals. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.
* v
* t
* e
# Terricula violetana

Terricula violetana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan (Honshu).
The wingspan is 14–21 mm.
# Ilimba

The ilimba is a lamellophone from Tanzania. It is a traditional instrument of the Gogo ethnic group and its most famous player in the 20th century was Hukwe Zawose, who developed a version of the instrument with between 66 and 72 metal keys.
The instrument is similar to the Zimbabwean mbira but larger, and is tuned to intervals derived from the overtone series.
# Quailfinch indigobird

The quailfinch indigobird (Vidua nigeriae) is a small songbird. It is a resident breeding bird in The Gambia, Nigeria and Cameroon. It occurs in isolated localities, especially on river flood plains.
It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the variable indigobird, Vidua funerea.
It is a brood parasite which lays its eggs in the nest of the African quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis, a slightly unusual host since it is only a distant relative to the firefinches parasitised by most indigobirds. It does not destroy the host's egg, but its own eggs are added to those already present.
The adult male quailfinch indigobird has greenish-black plumage, and the female resembles a female house sparrow, with streaked brown upperparts, buff underparts and a whitish supercilium.
Many of the indigobirds are very similar in appearance, with the males difficult to separate in the field, and the young and females near impossible. A helpful pointer is the association with the host species, the quailfinch.
The diet of this species consists of seeds and grain.
# Dickens Rocks

The Dickens Rocks (65°19′S 65°23′W﻿ / ﻿65.317°S 65.383°W﻿ / -65.317; -65.383) are two rocks lying at the north end of the Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands. They were photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956, and mapped from these photos by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Charles Dickens, the English novelist. A number of other features in the Pitt Islands are named after characters in his The Pickwick Papers.
# Dickens County Courthouse and Jail

The Dickens County Courthouse and Jail, on Public Sq. in Dickens, Texas, was built in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
It is a Texas State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.
It formerly had a polygonal central tower with a domed cupola.
# Immigration to Macau

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] With the increase in prosperity and the expansion of the economy of Macau, there is a growing demand from all over the world for residency in the Special Administrative Region.
Immigration Services and related Department is under the Public Security Police Force of Macau.

## Immigration Categories

There are 4 categories for Macau Residency Application, including:
* Foreign investors currently engaged in manufacturing, services, hotels or similar industries
* Potential foreign investors who plan to invest in industrial units, service industries, hotel industries or similar industries
* Investment in fixed assets or other tangible productive assets - most notably is investment in real estate property
* Technical or "talent" immigrants - Management staff and professional technicians

## Criterion for investment in fixed assets

The criterion for investment in fixed assets was discontinued in 2007. It had allowed for residency with purchase of real estate valued at 1 million MOP or more, and the deposit of 500,000 MOP into a Macau bank account for seven years. The government announced in 2010 it had no intention to make the fixed asset investment plan available again.

## Applicants' spouses or cohabitators

According to the Investment Residency Law of Macau, such application may be extended to include the spouse of applicant, applicant's and his/ her spouse's parents, and applicant's and his/ her spouse's dependent minors. Therefore, a total of three generations may be qualified under this scheme together with the main applicant. The definition of “spouse” under Macau law includes those who are legally declared by the court as separated couples and those who have “lived” with the applicant for more than two years. Therefore, cohabitators are also qualified.

## Temporary residency card

If the application is approved by the relevant government body in Macau, a “Temporary Residency Card” will be issued to the applicant. This Temporary Residency Card will be valid for a maximum period of 18 months, if the application is under the category of investment project; or 3 years for other types of applications. They are renewable only if the above criteria are fulfilled. The residency will become permanent after seven years of temporary residency in Macau.
# Quedius brevis

Quedius brevis is a species of rove beetles native to Europe.
# Quedenfeldtia moerens

Quedenfeldtia moerens, known commonly as the Atlas day gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. The species is endemic to Morocco.

## Taxonomy

This species, Quedenfeldtia moerens, should not be confused with a different species, Q. trachyblepharus, which is also known commonly as the Atlas day gecko.

## Geographic range

Q. moerens is found in Morocco. It might also occur in Western Sahara.

## Habitat

The natural habitat of Q. moerens is rocky areas.

## Reproduction

Q. moerens is oviparous.
# Immortal Clay

"Immortal Clay" is the sixteenth episode of the second series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman. It was first broadcast in the Teledu Cymru region of the ITV network on Friday 11 January 1963. ABC Weekend TV, who produced the show for ITV, broadcast it the next day in its own regions. The episode was directed by Richmond Harding and written by James Mitchell.

## Plot

A company invents an unbreakable ceramic, the secret of which others try to steal. Following the death of an industrial spy in a vat of liquid clay, Steed and Cathy mount an undercover investigation.

## Cast

* Patrick Macnee as John Steed
* Honor Blackman as Cathy Gale
* Paul Eddington as Richard Marling
* James Bree as Miller
* Bert Palmer as Josh Machen
* Gary Watson as Allen Marling
* Steve Plytas as De Groot
* Rowena Gregory as Anne
* Didi Sullivan as Mara Little
* Douglas Muir as One Ten
* Frank Olegario as Blomberg
# Diego Hidalgo

Diego Hidalgo may refer to:
* Diego Hidalgo (tennis) (born 1993), Ecuadorian tennis player
* Diego Hidalgo y Durán (1886–1961), Spanish intellectual, entrepreneur, and politician during the Spanish Second Republic
* Diego Hidalgo Schnur (born 1942), his son, Spanish intellectual, philanthropist, and businessman
# Tengana Festival

Tengana Festival is an annual festival celebrated by the chiefs and people of Tongo Traditional Area. It comprises Balungu, Winkongo and Pwalugu in the Upper East Region of Ghana. It is also a festival of the Talensis. It is celebrated in January.

## Celebrations

During the festival, there is traditional music and dancing whiles there is also general merry-making.

## Significance

This festival is a thanksgiving festival.
# Imperfect group

In mathematics, in the area of algebra known as group theory, an imperfect group is a group with no nontrivial perfect quotients. Some of their basic properties were established in (Berrick & Robinson 1993). The study of imperfect groups apparently began in (Robinson 1972).
The class of imperfect groups is closed under extension and quotient groups, but not under subgroups. If G is a group, N, M are normal subgroups with G/N and G/M imperfect, then G/(N∩M) is imperfect, showing that the class of imperfect groups is a formation. The (restricted or unrestricted) direct product of imperfect groups is imperfect.
Every solvable group is imperfect. Finite symmetric groups are also imperfect. The general linear groups PGL(2,q) are imperfect for q an odd prime power. For any group H, the wreath product H wr Sym$_2$ of H with the symmetric group on two points is imperfect. In particular, every group can be embedded as a two-step subnormal subgroup of an imperfect group of roughly the same cardinality (2|H|$^2$).
# Quercus brevicalyx

Quercus brevicalyx, synonym Quercus yingjiangensis, is an uncommon Asian species of tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is found in southwestern China in the Province of Yunnan and in Laos.
Quercus brevicalyx is a tree up to 20 meters tall. Twigs are dark purple. Leaves can be as much as 12 cm long.
# Quercus buckleyi

Quercus buckleyi, commonly known as Texas red oak, Buckley's oak, or Spanish oak is a species of flowering plant. It is endemic to the southern Great Plains of the United States (Oklahoma and Texas).
Buckley's oak is smaller and more likely to be multitrunked than its close relative, the Shumard oak (Q. shumardii). The two species are interfertile, and hybrids are common along a line from Dallas to San Antonio, Texas. Texas red oak usually is 30 to 50 feet (9.1 to 15.2 meters) tall at maturity, and seldom reaches a height of more than 75 feet (23 meters).
Quercus buckleyi was formerly known as Q. texana, but under botanical rules of priority, that name properly refers to Nuttall's oak. This has led to much confusion.
It is a highly regarded ornamental and shade tree. In autumn, the leaves turn vivid red and orange.
# Termessadou-Dibo

Termessadou-Dibo is a town and sub-prefecture in the Guéckédou Prefecture in the Nzérékoré Region of south-western Guinea, near the borders of Sierra Leone and Liberia.
# Ilići

Ilići is a suburban neighborhood of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, centered on the main strip of Ilićka Street immediately west of downtown and extending until the spring of Radobolja river.
Ilići is located at 43.3472 N, 17.7681 E, at an average elevation of 90 metres.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 2,585.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 2,497 | 96.6% |
| Bosniaks | 62 | 2.4% |
| Serbs | 4 | 0.2% |
| other/undeclared | 22 | 0.9% |
| Total | 2,585 | 100% |

## Gallery

* Radobolja river in Ilići, Mostar
* Virgin Mary statue in Ilići, Mostar
* Orchard in Ilići, Mostar
# Ilișești (river)

The Ilișești or Ilișasca is a right tributary of the river Suceava in Romania. It discharges into the Suceava in Costâna. Its length is 21 km (13 mi) and its basin size is 85 km$^2$ (33 sq mi).
# Ilișua

Ilişua may refer to several places in Romania:
* Ilișua, Bistrița-Năsăud [ro], a village in Uriu Commune, Bistrița-Năsăud County
* Ilișua, Sălaj [ro], a village in Sărmășag Commune, Sălaj County
* Ilișua (river), a tributary of the Someșul Mare in Bistrița-Năsăud County
# Prosoplus convexicollis

Prosoplus convexicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1951. It is known from Papua New Guinea.
# Richard Andvord (disambiguation)

Richard Andvord (1839–1913) was a Norwegian businessperson.
Richard Andvord may also refer to:
* Richard Andvord (born 1886) (1886–1965), Norwegian cavalry officer and diplomat
* Richard Andvord (born 1920) (1920–1997), Norwegian businessperson and resistance member
# Huru

Huru may refer to:
* Hiurud, an Iranian village also known as Hūrū
* Chronicle of Huru, forged 19th century text about Romanian history in Moldavia
* Mbira huru, African wood and metal key instrument, similar to a marimba
* Dickson Huru (born 1990), Ugandan cross country runner
* Izaak Huru Doko (1913-1985), Indonesian politician and National Hero of Indonesia
* Petri Huru, Finnish politician
# The Grotto (album)

The Grotto is the sixth solo album released by Kristin Hersh. It was released on 17 March 2003 on 4AD records, simultaneously with the self-titled album from Hersh's band, Throwing Muses. It features Howe Gelb on piano and Andrew Bird on violin. Kristin Hersh produced the album as well as playing all other instruments. The album peaked at #39 on the US's Billboard Top Independent Albums Chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | A− |
| The Guardian | |
| Pitchfork | 8/10 |
The Grotto was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 75, based on 14 reviews. Aggregator Album of the Year gave the release a 74 out of 100 based on a critical consensus of 5 reviews.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kristin Hersh
# Berna Dengiz

Berna Dengiz is a Turkish industrial engineer, the dean of engineering and professor of industrial engineering at Başkent University. Her research involves the heuristic optimization of complex systems.

## Education and career

Dengiz studied civil engineering as an undergraduate student at Gazi University, where she earned a bachelor's degree in 1974. She earned a master's degree in statistics in 1978 at Gazi University. In 1987 she earned both a second master's degree in statistics from Middle East Technical University, and a Ph.D. in industrial engineering from Gazi University.
She began working as an instructor in industrial engineering at Gazi University in 1985, and on completing her Ph.D. in 1987 was appointed as an assistant professor. She became associate professor in 1992 and full professor in 1998. In 2005 she moved to Başkent University as professor and chair of industrial engineering, and she became dean of engineering there in 2007.

## Recognition

Dengiz was the 2011 winner of the WORMS Award for the Advancement of Women in Operations Research and Management Science of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).
# Kumar Suvarna Chandrak

Kumar Suvarana Chandrak or the Kumar Gold Medal is a literary award given by Kumar Trust, Ahmedabad, India since 1944. The medal is annually conferred to a Gujarati author for his contribution in Kumar magazine published by Kumar Trust. In 1950, Chandravadan Mehta refused to accept Kumar Chandrak.

## History

The medal was established in 1944, by Yashwant Pandya, an author contributing to Kumar. Initially, Gujarati authors Balwantray Thakore, Vishnuprasad Trivedi and Sundaram had served in a committee for the selection of awardee. Subsequently Ramnarayan V. Pathak and Anantrai Raval served on the committee. From 1983 to 2002, there is no expressed declaration of this medal, but from 2003 it has been started again. It was renamed from Kumar Chandrak (Kumar Medal) to Kumar Suvarna Chandrak (Kumar Gold Medal) in 2003.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipients |
| 1944 | Hariprasad Desai |
| 1945 | Pushkar Chandarvakar |
| 1946 | Yashodhar Mehta |
| 1947 | Rajendra Shah |
| 1948 | Balmukund Dave |
| 1949 | Niranjan Bhagat |
| 1950 | Vasudev Bhatt |
| 1951 | Bakul Tripathi |
| 1952 | Shivkumar Joshi |
| 1953 | Ashok Harsh |
| 1954 | Shivprasad Trivedi |
| 1955 | Umakant Shah |
| 1956 | Chandravadan A. Buch |
| 1957 | Jayant Pathak |
| 1958 | Hemant Desai |
| 1959 | Ushnas |
| 1960 | Navneet Parekh |
| 1961 | Sunil Kothari |
| 1962 | Labhshankar Thakar |
| 1963 | Priyakant Maniar |
| 1964 | Chandrakant Sheth |
| 1965 | Raghuveer Chaudhari |
| 1966 | Father Vallés |
| 1967 | Harikrishna Pathak |
| 1968 | Gulabdas Broker |
| 1969 | Bhanuprasad Pandya |
| 1970 | Ramesh Parekh |
| 1971 | Dhiru Parikh |
| 1972 | Madhusudan Parekh |
| 1973 | Kanubhai Jani |
| 1974 | Madhusudan Dhaky |
| 1975 | Hariprasad Shastri |
| 1976 | Vinod Bhatt |
| 1977 | Bhagwatikumar Sharma |
| 1978 | Ashvin R. Desai |
| 1979 | Shankardev Vidyalankar |
| 1980 | Bahadurshah Pandit |
| 1981 | Hasmukh Baradi |
| 1982 | Praful Raval |
| 1983 | Chandrashankar Bhatt 'Shashishivam' |
| 2003 | Rajnikumar Pandya |
| 2004 | Ramchandra Patel |
| 2005 | Bahadurbhai Vank |
| 2006 | Priti Sengupta |
| 2007 | Sushrut Patel |
| 2008 | Bhagirath Brahmbhatt |
| 2009 | Parantap Pathak |
| 2010 | Rajesh Vyas 'Miskin' |
| 2011 | Pravin Darji |
| 2012 | Radheshyam Sharma |
| 2013 | Yoseph Macwan |
| 2014 | Harsh Brahmbhatt |
| 2015 | Harshad Trivedi |
| 2016 | Bharat Dave |
# Exchange diary

An exchange diary (交換日記, kōkan nikki) is a notebook shared between friends, who take it in turns to write in their thoughts or other comments. Exchange diaries were especially popular in Japan in the 1990s in elementary and junior high schools, particularly among girls.
The diary is made out of a special notebook. In Japan, this notebook would be decorated with small annotated and decorated photographs called “Purikura.” The diary cover and pages, if plain, are often decorated with drawings as well as photographs. The names of the participants or the name of the exchange diary might be written in pen across the front or back covers. More formal exchange diaries would be plain with the names of the participants written on the cover.
Entries take the form of a normal diary. There are, however, subtle differences. While an entry might talk about a person's day or activities since the people last met, the entry will be written in a different way. The writers, rather than being totally honest with themselves, will instead be writing what he or she wants the reader to see.
The format of an exchange diary can also be good for therapy, because it gives someone a platform to write about her problems and experiences. Sometimes, a lack of honesty can be an issue. However, the same is true in face-to-face therapy settings. As long as the patient remains aware of not being totally honest, progress towards well-being is possible. While the privacy of such medical diaries are often protected by law, other diaries, including school exchange diaries, usually are not.
# Vale of Ffestiniog

52°56′38″N 4°00′22″W﻿ / ﻿52.944°N 4.006°W﻿ / 52.944; -4.006
The Vale of Ffestiniog is a valley in the Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, North Wales. It stretches from Ffestiniog in the east and runs in a westerly direction towards Tremadog Bay, terminating near Porthmadog. The Afon Dwyryd runs through the Vale; pastoral farming is practised along its length.
The Vale is chiefly famous for the Ffestiniog Railway, a narrow gauge railway running from Porthmadog to Blaenau Ffestiniog. Once used for transporting slate mined in Blaenau to docks on the coast, the line is now a major tourist attraction.
# Pseudocalotes brevipes

Pseudocalotes brevipes, the Vietnam false bloodsucker, is a species of agamid lizard. It is found in China and Vietnam.