OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Year's Best Fantasy Stories: 4

The Year's Best Fantasy Stories: 4 is an anthology of fantasy stories, edited by American writer Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in 1978.

## Summary

The book collects eleven novelettes and short stories by various fantasy authors, originally published in the years 1977 and 1978 that were deemed by the editor the best from the period represented, together with an introductory survey of the year in fantasy, an essay on the year's best fantasy books, and introductory notes to the individual stories by the editor. The pieces include a pseudonymous work (the story by "Grail Undwin", actually by Carter) and "posthumous collaborations" (the story by Howard and Offutt and the story by Smith, which was completed by Carter).
Carter's survey of the year is notable for a blistering review of Terry Brooks's The Sword of Shannara, described as "the single most cold-blooded, complete rip-off of another book that I have ever read," the other book in question being J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Per Carter, "Brooks wasn't trying to imitate Tolkien's prose, just steal his story line and complete cast of characters, and did it with such clumsiness and so heavy-handedly, that he virtually rubbed your nose in it."

## Contents

* "The Year in Fantasy" (Lin Carter)
* "The Tale of Hauk" (Poul Anderson)
* "A Farmer on the Clyde" (Grail Undwin)
* "Prince Alcouz and the Magician" (Clark Ashton Smith)
* "Nekht Semerkeht" (Robert E. Howard and Andrew J. Offutt)
* "The Pillars of Hell" (Lin Carter)
* "Lok the Depressor" (Philip Coakley)
* "'Hark! Was That the Squeal of an Angry Thoat?'" (Avram Davidson)
* "The Cloak of Dreams" (Pat McIntosh)
* "The Land of Sorrow" (Phyllis Eisenstein)
* "Odds Against the Gods" (Tanith Lee)
* "The Changer of Names" (Ramsey Campbell)
* "The Year's Best Fantasy Books" (Lin Carter)

## Reception

Don D'Ammassa, writing in Critical Mass #3, dismisses the Undwin, Smith/Carter and Carter stories as "very forgettable," rating the Anderson and Campbell stories as the "two best pieces," and those by Lee, Eisenstein, and Howard/Offutt "[l]ess outstanding but still worthwhile." He finds Coakley and McIntosh's contributions as "pleasant surprise[s]," and Davidson's as "an amusing anecdote."
The anthology was also reviewed by David A. Truesdale in Science Fiction Review, August 1979, and John Weeks in Science Fiction & Fantasy Book Review, October 1979.
# Tarf Water, Wigtownshire

The Tarf Water is a river in the former county of Wigtownshire in south-west Scotland. It rises on the Ayrshire border (55°00′17″N 4°46′53″W﻿ / ﻿55.0048°N 4.7815°W﻿ / 55.0048; -4.7815﻿ (Tarf Water, source)) and flows in a generally southeastward direction to meet the River Bladnoch near the village of Kirkcowan (54°54′37″N 4°34′45″W﻿ / ﻿54.9103°N 4.5792°W﻿ / 54.9103; -4.5792﻿ (Tarf Water, mouth)). It has no major tributaries but is fed by several burns that drain an area characterised by drumlins and much of which has been afforested.
The name Tarf derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *tauro- 'bull, aurochs'. Bulls occur frequently in Celtic river names, and these names may have had a mythological rather than literal referent. Like other examples of this name in southern Scotland, 'Tarf' is Gaelic in form but is likely to derive in turn from an earlier Cumbric cognate.
# Kerry Bee

Kerry Bee (born 28 September 1974) is a South African former field hockey player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Crystal Rock, Ohio

Crystal Rock is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Erie County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 138. It is located within Margaretta Township.

## Geography

Crystal Rock is located in western Erie County, in the northwestern part of Margaretta Township, on the south shore of Sandusky Bay, an arm of Lake Erie. It is 8 miles (13 km) west of the city of Sandusky.
# Lale, Bulgaria

Lale is a village in Momchilgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria. As of 2021, the village reportedly had a population of 190 residents, 96 of which are male, and 94 of which are female.

## Honours

Lale Buttress in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after the village.

## Landmarks

The neighboring village of Raven features the Petrified Forest, a culturally and historically significant natural site located in a deep valley known as Gabaz Dere by locals. This area has been declared protected and is home to fossilized trees that are around 30 million years old. The forest draws the attention of biologists, naturalists, and eco-tourists.
Nearby, the Borovets Reserve is situated close to Raven and is one of the four reserves in the Eastern Rhodopes. Its primary purpose of the reserve is to conserve the natural pine forest, an area of national importance. The reserve is known for its diverse flora, including pine, oak, wild pear, and prickly juniper. Additionally, the reserve is home to several species listed in Bulgaria's Red Book and protected on a European and global level.
The archaeological site known as Orpheus' Sanctuary is located about 9 km (5.6 miles) north of Lale, in the Kaya Basha area. Dating back to the late Bronze Age, the sanctuary was originally built as a shrine to Thracian king Orpheus. Recognized both before and after the advent of Christianity, the site was converted into a secular estate after the 4th-century introduction of Christianity in the Rhodope Mountains. By the 11th-12th centuries, it came under the control of the Byzantine Palaiologos family.
Between the neighboring villages of Neofit Bozvelievo, located 2 km (1.2 miles) to the northeast, and Lale, lies a ritual complex with 11 rock niches spread over two levels. Notably, two of these niches, known as acoustic niches, have unique properties that cause sound to echo back in a distinct manner.
# Tattvachintamani

Tattvachintamani is a treatise in Sanskrit authored by 14th-century CE Indian logician and philosopher Gangesa (fl. c. 1325). The title may be translated into English as "A Thought-jewel of Truth." The treatise is also known as Pramāṇa-chintāmaṇi ("A Thought-jewel of Valid Knowledge").
The treatise introduced a new era in the history of Indian logic. Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana in his authoritative 681-page history of Indian logic divided the millennia long history of Indian logic into three sometimes-overlapping periods: Ancient period (650 BCE–100 CE), Medieval period (100–1200 CE) and Modern period (from 900 CE). He also identified certain standard work as typical representative of each of these periods. Tattvachintamani of Gangesa is the text identified as the standard work of the Modern period in the history of Indian logic, the standard works for the earlier periods being Nyāya Sūtra by Akshapāda Gautama (Ancient period) and Pramāṇa-samuccaya by Dignāga (Medieval period). The fact that Tattvachintāmaṇi was highly popular is attested by the appearance of numerous commentaries that have been produced in the centuries that followed the appearance of the book. It has been estimated that while the original text of Tattvachintāmaṇi has about 300 pages, all the commentaries put together contain about a million (10 lakh) pages.

## Author of Tattvachintāmaṇi

Gangesa Upadhyaya, also known as Gangesvara Upadhyaya, a Maithila Brahmin, who flourished during the 12th century CE, is the author of Tattvacintāmaṇi. Gangesa was a native of Mithila, was born in a village named Chadana and lived his later life in a village named Karion on the banks of the river Kamala, twelve miles south-east of Darbhanga. There is a legend to the effect that Gangesa was completely illiterate while he was young and propitiated the goddess Kali on the cremation ground adjacent to his uncle's house, and acquired from her, as a boon, deep erudition in the science of Logic. He belonged to Kashyapa-gotra. It is believed that he had several wives, three sons and a daughter. One of his sons was Vardhamana Upadhyaya who was also a pupil of Gangesa. Varadhamana himself became a great scholar of nyaya and composed a commentary on Tattvacintāmaṇi named Tattvachintāmaṇi-prakasa and also several other works.

## Outline of contents

Large sections of the treatise have not yet been translated into English or any other Indian languages. Broadly, Tattva-Chintāmaṇi is divided into four books dealing respectively with perception (pratyakṣha), inference (anumāna), comparison (upamāna) and verbal testimony (śabda). According to Nyaya doctrines, these are the four means for deriving valid knowledge. The following references provide sources where one can find detailed accounts of the contents of Tattva-Chintāmaṇi.
Gangesa begins with a benedictory verse for Shiva.

## Commentaries on Tattva-Chintāmaṇi

Tattva-Chintāmaṇi has attracted many commentaries. Vardhamana Mahopadhyaya, a son of Gangesa, has himself written a commentary on Tattva-Chintāmaṇi. The History of Logic gives brief accounts of as many as 48 commentaries.
# Induri

Induri is a village and gram panchayat in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 1,531.07 ha (3,783 acres).

## Administration

The village is administrated by a sarpanch, an elected representative who leads a gram panchayat. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the village was a self-contained gram panchayat, meaning that there were no other constituent villages governed by the body.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the village comprised 2,236 households. The population of 10,448 was split between 5,999 males and 4,449 females.

## Notable people

* Dadu Indurikar
# Theodore Spencer

Theodore Spencer (1902–1949) was an American poet and academic.

## Life

He graduated from Princeton University in 1923, and a Ph.D from Harvard University in 1928. He then taught there, from 1927 to 1949. He was appointed lecturer in English literature at Cambridge University, England, in 1939. In 1942, Spencer gave the Lowell lectures on Shakespeare, published as Shakespeare and the Nature of Man, his most important work. Spencer also published essays, short stories, and poetry.
His notebook is at Princeton University, and papers are at Harvard University.

## Awards

* Golden Rose Award

## Works
### Poetry

* The paradox in the circle. New Directions. 1941.
* An act of life. Harvard University Press. 1944.
* An acre in the seed: Poems. Harvard University Press. 1949.
* Poems, 1940-1947. Harvard University Press. 1948.

### Essays

* Shakespeare and the nature of man. Macmillan. 1951.
* A garland for John Donne, 1631-1931. P. Smith. 1958.
* Donald Watt, ed. (1975). "Aldous Huxley review". Aldous Huxley, the critical heritage. Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-8114-8.
# QAP (Colombia)

QAP was a Colombian newscast aired between January 2, 1992 and December 31, 1997 on Canal A. It was produced by the programadora TV13.

## History

In 1991, the journalists María Isabel Rueda and María Elvira Samper had the idea to create their own news production company. Soon, Enrique Santos Calderón (of El Tiempo newspaper and broadsheet), businessman Julio Andrés Camacho and Nobel Prize winner Gabriel García Márquez joined the project, with the goal of creating an independent newscast.
QAP had several major technological firsts. It was the first Colombian newscast to have microwave equipment and the first to broadcast from its own studios (as newly permitted in the call for bids, or licitación, of 1991).
QAP ended in New Year's Eve 1997 (Wednesday, December 31), as a result of changes in the television law that removed the extensibility of the original six-year contract (the original contract called for six years with an option to extend for another six). Because of the independence of the newscast, García Márquez was convinced that the law was written specifically to take QAP off the air. In the end, a new licitación occurred that year, and QAP opted not to participate (retracting its original proposal); its directors found that the impartiality needed for QAP to win in this new bidding cycle was lacking.
Inés María Zabaraín was the main presenter for QAP during its run on air.

## Presenters and journalists

* Paulo Laserna Phillips
* Adriana La Rotta
* Jorge Alfredo Vargas
* Inés María Zabaraín
* Ernesto McCausland †
* Paula Jaramillo
* Vicky Dávila
* Juan Carlos Ruíz †
* María Cristina Uribe
* Gloria Congote †
* D'arcy Quinn
* Leyla Ponce de León
* Maribel Osorio
* Gloria Tisnés
* Ilse Milena Borrero
* John Portela
* Héctor Fabio Cardona
* Clara Elvira Ospina
* Mariana Lloreda
* Carlos Antonio Vélez
* Carlos Zapata
* Clara Estrada
* Karl Troller
* Ana Cristina Bueno
* Juan Guillermo Ortiz Osorno
* María Lucía Fernández
* Paola Turbay
* Mónica Hernández
* Laila Rodríguez
* Martha Ávila
* Richard Freddy Muñoz
* Adriana Arboleda
* Victor Javier Solano
* Sergio Barbosa
* Silvia Martínez
* Mauricio Salcedo
* Iván Lalinde
* Maria Andrea Charry
# Thomas Fox (Middlesex cricketer)

Thomas Seely Fox (23 August 1878 – 3 April 1931) was an English first-class cricketer active 1905 who played for Middlesex as a wicketkeeper. He was born in Upton, Essex; died in Bournemouth.
# Thede Farmhouse

The Thede Farmhouse is a historic farmhouse in Northglenn, Colorado, United States. Built in 1903, it is a Queen Anne house. Today, the brick farmhouse is surrounded by modern development. In 1998, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved architecture.
# Face the Change

"Face the Change" is a song by the Japanese J-pop group Every Little Thing, released as the group's seventh single on January 7, 1998. It was their second single to top the Oricon chart.

## Composition

"Face the Change" is written in the key of G-sharp minor, has a tempo of 124 beats per minute, and the chorus follows a chord progression of E–F#–G♯m–E–F#–B–D#–E–F#–G♯m–E–F#–G♯m.

## Track listing

* Face the Change (Words & music - Mitsuru Igarashi)
* Face the Change (Dub's Every Little Theme remix)
* Face the Change (instrumental)

## Charts and sales

| Chart (1998) | Peak position | Sales |
| Japan Oricon | 1 | 633,970 |

## Remixes

* "Melodic Remix" by Luca Degani and Sergio Dall'ora : Super Eurobeat Presents Euro Every Little Thing
* "Eurobeat Remix" by Sergio Dall'ora and Luca Degani : J-Euro Non-Stop Best
# Jackson Lewis

Jackson Lewis P.C. is an American law firm that specializes in labor and employment law and assisting companies in facilitating immigration. It has a reputation as one of the top U.S. union-busting practices.
Jackson Lewis is organized into 20 practice groups and 19 industry groups. The majority of these groups are focused on labor and employment law, but the firm also has expertise in healthcare and collegiate and professional sports law. Practice and industry group members are spread across all of the firm's offices. The firm has over 950 attorneys and 61 offices, including its Puerto Rico office. The firm is a founding member of L&E Global Employers’ Counsel Worldwide, an alliance of workplace law firms in 20 countries. The firm is led by a board of directors, and its current chair is Kevin G. Lauri.

## History

Jackson Lewis was founded by Lou Jackson and Robert Lewis in 1958. The firm's first office was opened in New York City in 1958. It opened its second office in Los Angeles in 1977. The firm's period of most rapid growth was between 2006 and 2015. In 2013, Jackson Lewis opened its first office outside of the continental US in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
In 2018, the firm partnered with “ROSS Intelligence” to utilize its legal research AI.

## Practice groups

Jackson Lewis' practice groups include:
* Advice and Counsel
* Affirmative Action, OFCCP and Government Contract Compliance
* Class Actions and Complex Litigation
* Collegiate and Professional Sports
* Corporate Diversity Counseling
* Corporate Governance and Internal Investigations
* Disability, Leave and Health Management
* Employee Benefits
* ERISA Complex Litigation
* Immigration
* International Employment
* Labor Relations
* Litigation
* Privacy, Data and Cybersecurity
* Restrictive Covenants, Trade Secrets and Unfair Competition
* Trials and Appeals
* Wage and Hour
* White Collar and Government Enforcement
* Workplace Safety and Health
* Workplace Training

## Awards

In part for its role in creating “workthruIT”, a web-based, self-service labor and employment law compliance application, Jackson Lewis was recognized as the “2018 Innovative Law Firm of the Year” by the International Legal Technology Association (ILTA)
# Therese Bertheau

Therese Bertheau (23 November 1861 – March 1936) was a pioneering female Norwegian mountaineer. She was among the first in modern times to introduce trousers as an everyday item of clothing for women.
Bertheau was born in Skjeberg in Østfold, Norway. She was the daughter of timber merchant Hermann Bertheau (1800-1864) and Borghild Bertheau (1820-1897). From 1879, she took a job as a language teacher at the Nissens Pigeskole which was a school for young girls. She taught the subjects of English and French.
She was an active mountaineer 1884 to 1910 and climbed over 30 peaks. She achieved many first ascents, as well as being the first woman on Store Skagastølstind (2405m) in 1894. In 1900 she was again on Store Skagastølstind accompanied by English mountain climber William Cecil Slingsby (1849-1929). In August 1901 she completed the first traverse over Styggedalstindane with well-known mountaineers Kristian Tandberg and George Wegner Paus. In 1904 she took the first known ascent of the walls at Kolsås with Norwegian mountain climber Henning H. Tønsberg. In 1902 she was elected as the first woman in the Norwegian Tourist Association Board, and in 1909 she was invited member of the Norwegian Alpine Club, which previously had not been open to women.
# Jackson Council

Jackson Council may be:
* Jackson Council (Michigan)
* Jackson Council (Mississippi)
# FBHS

FBHS may refer to:
* Fellow of the British Horse Society, a riding instructor qualification
* Fortune Brands Home & Security, a fixture and hardware manufacturer

## Schools

* Flowery Branch High School, Flowery Branch, Georgia, United States
* Flour Bluff High School, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
* Forest Brook High School, Houston, Texas, United States
* Fort Benton High School, Fort Benton, Montana, United States
* Fort Bragg High School, Fort Bragg, California, United States
# Facial eczema

Facial eczema is a mycotoxic disease that affects the liver of several animals, mainly sheep and cattle, but can also infect other ungulates. It is caused by ingesting sporidesmins released by the fungus Pithomyces chartarum. Its visible symptoms are characterized by red skin that turns black and crusty before peeling off, as well as inflammation that can cause swelling of the udder, teats, ears and face. The disease is not always visible. Other symptoms include weight loss, weakness and death.

## P. chartarum

It grows mostly in New Zealand but also occurs in Australia, France, South Africa, and South America. The fungus grows on dead plants, especially on perennial ryegrass near the ground (25mm height). It most commonly grows between January and May, as it requires warm, humid conditions, as well as moisture at ground level. Areas of spore growth can include urine patches and areas sheltered by hedges. The fungus grows in clusters and is normally invisible to human eye. It produces millions of spores with the toxic substance sporidesmin. Fresh spores are particularly toxic. Contaminated pasture loses its toxicity after 2 weeks.

## Pathophysiology

The incubation period is 7-20 days after poison intake. Sporidesmin is hepatotoxic and leads to hepatogenous photosensitization and phylloerythrin accumulation in the bloodstream. It damages the bile ducts and then the liver. The worst case is liver necrosis. This causes – as a secondary effect – photosensitization, this means the inflammation of unpigmented areas and exposed skin (ears, teat, face) and photodynamic dermatitis. Only 5% of affected animals show the respective clinical signs.

## Symptoms
### Sheep

Infected sheep experience sunburn at face, ears, teats and vulva. It is the primary symptom of the poisoning caused by sporidesmin. The sunburn is caused by the fact that the lower tissue is swollen. The skin gets crusty, dark and then peels,. making it susceptible to infection.
Other symptoms include dullness, weakness, inappetence, and ill-thrift. An affection of the liver results in jaundice. In a worst-case, the sheep die.

### Cattle

Infected cattle suffer from sunburn. Dark pigmented skin is often affected. Cattle produce less milk. Jaundice is possible and death after some months.

## Treatment

Convalescence can take a long time, but some animals may not get healthy. External therapy is possible to treat the sunburn. Animals could be protected by the intake of zinc. Zinc reacts with sporidesmin to create a metallic complex, so that the poison can be eliminated from the body.

## Prevention and control

If animals are sunburned, they should be placed in the stable to protect them from sunlight. Infected cattle should no longer be used in milk production.
Reduce flock density (0.45 hectare/ 15 cows or 100 sheep)
GGT (enzyme) is released by the damaged liver over the course of this disease and can be tested to indicate disease severity.
# FIVB Club World Championship

FIVB Club World Championship may refer to
* FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
* FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship
# Thermocrinis albus

Thermocrinis albus is a bacterium. Its type strain is HI 11/12 (DSM 14484, JCM 11386).
# Third warrant officer

Third warrant officer (3WO) is a warrant officer rank in the Singapore Armed Forces. It is the most junior of the warrant officers, and holders of this rank are given appointments such as company sergeant major. The rank was newly introduced on 14 May 2009, and went into effect on 1 April 2010, as part of a revised career structure for warrant officers. The rank insignia is similar to the one for second warrant officer, although the former has a finer chevron.
Master sergeants are promoted to third warrant officer after attending the 3WO Professional Leadership Course.