OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treaty of Nonsuch

The Treaty of Nonsuch was signed on 10 August 1585 by Elizabeth I of England and the Dutch rebels fighting against Spanish rule. It was the first international treaty signed by what would become the Dutch Republic. It was signed at Nonsuch Palace, England.

## Terms

The treaty was provoked by the signing of the Treaty of Joinville in 1584 between Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League in which Philip II promised to finance the League.
Elizabeth I agreed to supply 6,400 foot soldiers and 1,000 cavalry (who were to be led by Robert Dudley, the 1st Earl of Leicester) which were initially intended as a way of lifting the siege of Antwerp, with an annual subsidy of 600,000 florins, about a quarter of the annual cost of the revolt. As a surety for this assistance, the Dutch were to hand over Brill and Flushing to England, which it would garrison at its own expense. They were known as the Cautionary Towns.
The treaty granted Elizabeth the right to appoint two councillors to the Council of State of the United Provinces.
The surety provoked the objection of Zeeland, which was to lose the most by this measure. Elizabeth rejected the title of General of the Provinces, offered to her in the treaty.

## Aftermath

Philip II viewed the treaty as a declaration of war against him by Elizabeth I, and the Anglo-Spanish War is conventionally considered to have begun at this point. Three years later, he launched the Spanish Armada and attempted to invade and conquer England. The resources spent by Philip on the Armada (10 million ducats) undoubtedly diverted significant resources from fighting the Dutch revolt. Around 110 million ducats were spent on the partly-successful campaign against the resurgent revolt.
The Treaty of Nonsuch was renewed and amended by the Treaty of Westminster of 6/16 August 1598 between the States-General and the Privy Council on behalf of Elizabeth.
# Leo Wollman

Dr. Leo Wollman (1914–1998), was a New York City medical doctor who assisted transgender individuals with their transitions. In 1979 he served on the founding committee of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, now the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, which wrote its first Standards of Care.
He had an uncredited appearance in the film Let Me Die a Woman directed by Doris Wishman. He was also a science and medicine advisor.
# Leo Wood

Leo Wood (aka Jack Wood; né Leopold Wood Lantheaume; 2 September 1882 – 2 August 1929) was an American songwriter and lyricist.

## Career

Leo Wood was born in San Francisco to Louis Ferdinand Lantheaume and Hannah Marcuse Wood (maiden). He was known professionally as Leo Wood and Jack Wood.
Wood is best remembered as the songwriter of the 1920s hit "Somebody Stole My Gal". He wrote lyrics for many of the top songwriters of the day, including Theodore F. Morse. Other popular songs written by Wood include the Paul Whiteman jazz standard "Wang Wang Blues", "Runnin' Wild", and "Play that 'Song of India' Again", a number-one hit for five weeks for Whiteman in 1921. He also wrote "Mean Old Bed Bug Blues," under the pseudonym Jack Wood.
Leo Wood died at home in Teaneck, New Jersey, August 2, 1929.

## Audio samples

* "Mean Old Bed Bud Blues;" Bessie Smith (vocals); Porter Grainger (piano); Lincoln M. Conaway (Sterling's brother) (guitar); Columbia (catalog no. 14250D; matrix W144796-3); recorded September 27, 1927, New York

## Family

One of his sons was named Theodore Morse Lantheaume (1926–1972).
# Jan Hendrik de Boer

Jan Hendrik de Boer (19 March 1899 – 25 April 1971) was a Dutch physicist and chemist.
De Boer was born in Ruinen, De Wolden, and died in The Hague. He studied at the University of Groningen and was later employed in industry.
Together with Anton Eduard van Arkel, de Boer developed a chemical transport reaction for titanium, zirconium, and hafnium known as the crystal bar process. In a closed vessel the metal reacts with iodine at elevated temperature forming the iodide. At a tungsten filament of 1700 °C the reverse reaction occurs, and the iodine and the metal are set free. The metal forms a solid coating at the tungsten filament and the iodine can react with additional metal, resulting in a steady turnover.
       M + 2I$_2$ (>400 °C) → MI$_4$
       MI$_4$ (1700 °C) → M + 2I$_2$
De Boer became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1940, and foreign member in 1947.
# Jan Hendrik Wakker

Jan Hendrik Wakker (28 June 1859 – 26 July 1927) was a Dutch botanist and plant pathologist. He worked as a director of the sugarcane experimental station in Pasoeroean from 1892 to 1897.
Wakker was born in Amsterdam and went to school along with included J.M. Janse, Jacques Perk and Willem Kloos. He then went to study under Hugo de Vries and J.C Costerus and received a doctorate in 1885 with research on adventitious buds. He then worked with Hugo de Vries, examining a disease of hyacinths caused by bacteria. He was among the first to demonstrate bacterial infections in plants. He then studied another disease of hyacinth caused by Peziza bulborum. Another disease was later found to be caused by a nematode. In 1886 the bulbgrower's society did not fund the position that Wakker worked in. In 1887 he became an assistant at the botanical laboratory in Utrecht and in 1889 he began to teach in the Zuivelschool at Alphen-Oudshoorn. In 1892 he received an appointment as director in the Dutch East Indies sugarcane experimental station in Pasoeroean where he worked for five years. Here he examined diseases of sugarcane and studied flowering and plant genetics. He returned to the Netherlands and began to teach at gymnasium in 's-Hertogenbosch from 1897. In 1905 he was offered a directorship at the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathology Laboratory but he did not accept it.
# Roughback sea catfish

The roughback sea catfish, Plicofollis tonggol, is a species of sea catfish known as manyung in Indonesia and arahan in the Philippines, where it is regarded important in the fishing industry. As food, roughback sea catfish are sun-dried and salted before actual trade and consumption.

## Characteristics

The roughback sea catfish grows up to 40 cm long. They live in the salty waters of tropical regions of the world. They feed on invertebrates. They have pointed dorsal fins, which can cause injury if held by unprotected human hands.

## Distribution

They are found at the coastal waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Pakistan.
# Transverse ligament

A transverse ligament is a ligament on a transverse plane, orthogonal to the anteroposterior or oral-aboral axiscan of the body.
In human anatomy, examples are:
* Flexor retinaculum of the hand or transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum)
* Inferior transverse ligament of scapula (ligamentum transversum scapulae inferius)
* Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis
* Superior transverse ligament of the scapula (ligamentum transversum scapulae superius)
* Superior extensor retinaculum of foot or transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris)
* Transverse acetabular ligament (ligamentum transversum acetabuli)
* Transverse humeral ligament (ligamentum transversum humeri)
* Transverse ligament of the atlas (ligamentum transversum atlantis)
* Transverse ligament of knee (ligamentum transversum genus)
# Jan Nepomuk Škroup

Jan Nepomuk Škroup (15 September 1811, Osice – 5 May 1892, Prague; Czech pronunciation:) was a Czech composer, conductor, and choirmaster. His brother František Škroup was also a successful composer, known today as the composer of the Czech national anthem, "Kde domov můj?" ("Where is my home?"). His father, Dominik Škroup, and other brother, Ignác Škroup, were also composers.

## Biography

Škroup held positions (as Vice-Kapellmeister, then choirmaster, and then 2nd Kapellmeister) in the Estates Theatre in Prague, from 1836 to 1843, and was also affiliated with the theatre from 1874 to 1882. He held various other choirmaster positions, including one at the Prague Cathedral, from 1843.
Škroup's brother, František, chief conductor at the Estates Theatre starting in 1837, led an attempt to promote Czech-language opera in the mid-nineteenth century. Although only two Czech-language operas were performed at the Estates Theatre between 1834 and 1848, largely due to the lack of suitable Czech-speaking performers, one of those was Jan Nepomuk's Švědové v Praze (The Swedes in Prague, 1845, first act only).
Škroup's first operatic attempt had been in German; Elfriede (completed by 1828), was a three-act work intended for children. He composed Slavná overtura (Festival Overture), for the opening of the Růžová St. Theatre in Prague in 1842. Other works include incidental music to Josef Kajetán Tyl's Chudý kejklíř (The Poor Juggler), songs, and various sacred music in fulfillment of his duties as choirmaster at various locations.
Although Škroup is not well known for his compositional output, he had several brushes with fame as a result of his professional work. He was one of Hector Berlioz’s hosts during the French composer’s visits to Prague in 1846. In January and April of that year, Berlioz gave a total of six concerts; Berlioz mentioned Škroup (spelled “Scraup”) in a letter about preparations for his second stay in Prague. Additionally, Franz Liszt’s 1856 performance of his Missa solemnis at the Prague Cathedral occurred during Škroup’s tenure there.

## Works

* Elfriede, Kinderoper 3 Akte, (by 1828)
* Slavná overtura (Festival Overture), (1842)
* Švědové v Praze (The Swedes in Prague), (1845)
* Incidental music to Josef Kajetán Tyl's Chudý kejklíř (The Poor Juggler), (date?)
For additional works, see Franz Pazdírek's entry, "Skraup, Joh. Nepomuk," in his Universal-Handbuch der Musikliteratur.
# Jan Henrik Kayser

Jan Henrik Kayser (20 February 1933 – 24 April 2016) was a Norwegian classical pianist.
He was born in Bergen. He made his concert debut in 1953, and is known as performer of Harald Sæverud's compositions. He was awarded Griegprisen in 1978.
# Jane MacArthur

Jane MacArthur FRAS is a British planetary scientist and science writer based in Leicester.

## Early life and education

Jane MacArthur went to the City of Norwich School, Norfolk, before studying Mathematics at the University of Nottingham. She completed an MSc in Planetary Sciences at University College London after taking distance learning courses in Planetary Geology, Exoplanets and Galaxies at Liverpool John Moores University. She completed several workshops and summer schools relating to geology and exoplanets, developing a considerable public profile through science festivals and media appearances.

## Research

MacArthur studies martian meteorites and Stardust comet samples with John Bridges, Michael Branney and Steve Baker at the University of Leicester. Her research includes fieldwork at impact craters, volcanoes and volcanic fields.
MacArthur is a member of the UKSEDS (UK Students for Exploration & Development of Space) Advisory Board and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS) Education & Outreach committee. In 2014 she was elected to the council of the Royal Astronomical Society.

## Public engagement

In 2011, MacArthur was invited to watch the launch of the final NASA STS-135 mission from the Kennedy Space Centre. In 2012 she was appointed National Point of Contact for the Space Generation Advisory Council. She has been involved in several public engagement activities, from "I'm a Scientist, Get Me Out of Here" to NASA Socials. In 2016, she was the only UK winner of the European Southern Observatory's social media competition. In 2017, she contributed to BlueDot festival with the University of Manchester and the UK Space Conference.
MacArthur writes for the science magazine Popular Astronomy. She is on the steering board of the educational fund RAS 200, which looks to award £1,000,000 to projects that support astronomy and geophysics.
# Trex Warrior

Trex Warrior: 22nd Century Gladiator is a 1991 action video game developed and published by Thalion Software for the Amiga and Atari ST. Previously unreleased in the United Kingdom, the game was released in 1993 on The One magazine cover disk as public-domain software.

## Gameplay

In the 22nd century, a new sport has emerged that involves battling droids in a walled arena. The player is a contestant named Riano Bolar, who must fight off various types of droids, including speeders and missile-launching "Wasps". Different kind pads can be driven over: jump pads, shield pads which replenish the droid's shields, star pads which cause damage to the droid. Static objects can be blown up to take out nearby opponent droids. At the end of each survived day, credits are earned that can be spent on new weaponry.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Aktueller Software Markt | 9/12 (Amiga) |
| Tilt | 16/20 (Amiga) 17/20 (ST) |
| Amiga Joker [de] | 78% (Amiga) |
| Power Play [de] | 74% (Amiga) |
Aktueller Software Markt gave a positive review and praised the fast graphics, music, and the opening credits sequence. They criticized that the game only offered mouse controls. Amiga Joker [de] compared the game positively to Paul Woakes' Encounter (1983) and Backlash (1987). Power Play [de] described the game as captivating and exciting. Tilt praised the strategic gameplay of the Amiga version and called it a very good game that will appeal to all action fans. Reviewing the Atari ST version Tilt said "the 3D is excellent, the graphics are beautiful and the ergonomics are beyond reproach". They criticized that saved games are limited to 10 slots and can't be deleted. Overall Trex Warrior was called "truly a great game".
# Leptonida

Leptonida is a small genus of squat lobsters in the family Munididae. It was erected in 2022 to accommodate Munida delicata, now Leptonida delicata, in a major revision of the genus Munida. At the time, it was monotypic, but the World Register of Marine Species lists another species not mentioned in the 2022 revision. Leptonida delicata occurs in south-western Pacific Ocean.
The genus Leptonida name combines the Greek leptos (=thin) and the genus name, Munida, and refers to the thin carapace that characterize the genus.

## Species

There are two recognized species:
* Leptonida delicata (Macpherson, 2004)
* Leptonida vigiliarum (Alcock, 1901)
# Jiru language

Jiru is a Jukunoid language of Nigeria.
# TriBeCa Synagogue

TriBeCa Synagogue (also known as Synagogue for the Arts and Civic Center Synagogue) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 49 White Street, in Tribeca, Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States.
Designed by architect William N. Breger in 1967, the Modernist synagogue is known for its unique acoustics that allow for good sound quality without the need for electrical amplification, use of which is prohibited on Shabbat.

## Notable members

* Julian E. Zelizer
* Meg Jacobs
# Balkhash minnow

The Balkhash minnow (Rhynchocypris poljakowii) is an Asian species of small freshwater cyprinid fish.
# Roystonea princeps

Roystonea princeps, commonly known as Morass cabbage palm or Morass royal palm, is a species of palm which is endemic to western Jamaica.

## Description

Roystonea princeps is a large palm which reaches heights of 20 metres (66 ft). Stems are grey-white and range from 27.5–42 centimetres (10.8–16.5 in) in diameter. The upper portion of the stem is encircled by leaf sheaths, forming a green portion known as the crownshaft which is normally about 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long. Individuals have about 15 leaves with 4-metre (13 ft) rachises. The 1.3 m (4.3 ft) inflorescences bear creamy yellow male and female flowers; the anthers of the male flowers are purplish. Fruit are 12.2–16.7 millimetres (0.48–0.66 in) long and 8.4–10.4 mm (0.33–0.41 in) wide, and are purplish-black when ripe.

## Taxonomy

For most of the 19th century, only two species of royal palms were generally recognised: Greater Antillean royal palms were considered Oreodoxa regia (now Roystonea regia), while Lesser Antillean ones were considered O. oleracea (R. oleracea). Several new species were recognised early in the 20th century, among them a Jamaican species that was named Oreodoxa princeps by Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari in 1912. Due to problems with the way that the genus Oreodoxa had been applied by taxonomists, American botanist Orator F. Cook had proposed that the name Roystonea (in honour of American general Roy Stone) be applied to the royal palms. In 1929 German botanist Max Burret transferred O. princeps to the genus Roystonea.

### Common names

Roystonea princeps is known as the "Morass cabbage palm", "Morass royal palm" "swamp cabbage" or simply "royal palm".

## Reproduction and growth

Thirty-four to 36-year-old individuals grown in cultivation at Fairchild Tropical Garden in Florida grew 20 to 26 centimetres (8 to 10 in) per year.

## Distribution

Roystonea princeps is endemic to the western Jamaican parishes of St. Elizabeth and Westmoreland, in wetlands around Black River and Negril.
# Ryōkami, Saitama

Ryōkami (両神村, Ryōkami-mura) was a village located in Chichibu District, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,920 and a density of 40.88 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 71.42 km$^2$.
On October 1, 2005, Ryōkami was merged into the expanded town of Ogano and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# Jesse Alexander (Canadian football)

Jesse Alexander (born May 8, 1981) is a former Canadian football linebacker who played for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. He played college football for the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks. In 2004, he was named a second-year CIS all-star. The following year, Alexander helped the Golden Hawks win their second Vanier Cup.
In 2006, Alexander became eligible for the CFL Draft. Both the Edmonton Eskimos and Toronto Argonauts expressed interest in signing Alexander. He was selected in the fifth round of the 2006 CFL Draft by the Saskatchewan Roughriders, but the Roughriders released him in their final cuts before the regular season. Despite an offer to join the Roughriders' practice squad, Alexander chose to return to Wilfrid Laurier and play out his final year of college eligibility. He was nominated for the Presidents' Trophy, which is awarded to the best defensive player in Canada, and was also named an all-Canadian defensive player.
Alexander was re-signed by the Roughriders in 2007, but again failed to earn a spot on the final roster. After being released by the Roughriders, Alexander signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and played his only two professional games in place of the injured Raymond Fontaine before being released. In April 2008, he was picked up by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for training camp, but was released in mid-June.
In 2007, Alexander returned to Wilfrid Laurier University as a linebacker coach for the Golden Hawks. He briefly left his coaching role to join the Blue Bombers, but returned to his position after being cut. May 2016, Alexander coached linebackers with the Golden Hawks. As of March 2017, Alexander became the special teams coordinator at York University.
# Sarah & Marc in Love

Sarah & Marc in Love is a German reality show that followed German pop singer Sarah Connor and her American former boy band member husband Marc Terenzi as they tried to set up their wedding ceremony.

## Background

Sarah Connor and Marc Terenzi were both big stars in Germany when they met in 2003. Marc was a member of the boy band Natural at the time and Sarah was releasing her highly successful second album Unbelievable. At the time Marc's manager Lou Pearlman had wanted the relationship kept quiet but when Sarah became pregnant with their son in 2003 it could no longer be kept quiet. The two eloped and Sarah gave birth to their son Tyler in February 2004.
In Summer 2005 the couple participated in a reality show called Sarah and Marc in Love. The episodes were an hour long and in the style of other celebrity couple reality shows such as Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica. The show was mainly in German though there were parts in English with German subtitles (usually when the couple fought and Marc only spoke English.)
The episodes mainly revolved around planning the wedding and the hardships accompanying that though other episodes had different themes such as Marc recording his album, Sarah recording her part for Robots, and Sarah's German national anthem scandal. The finale was an extra long episode showing the day and night of the wedding. The couple was successfully remarried. Sarah's next single "Living to Love You" went to No. 1 and Marc's song "Love to be Loved by You" (which was his wedding present to Sarah and sung during the ceremony) went to No. 3.
A DVD of the series was released on 25 November 2005 in Germany.

## Cast

* Sarah Connor
* Marc Terenzi
* Tyler (son)
* Frank (wedding planner)
* Soraya (Sarah's mother)
* Michael Leve (Sarah's father)
* Sophia Luisa (Sarah's sister)
* Valentina (Sarah's sister)
* Marisa (Sarah's sister)
* Anna Maria (Sarah's sister)
* Robin (Sarah's brother)
* Mike (Marc's cousin)

## Episodes

* Aller Anfang ist schwer (Every Beginning Is Hard)
* Memories
* Wasserspiele (Playing in Water)
* Allianz-Arena
* Knock out
* Relax, Sarah
* Ich mach dich "fresh" (I'll Make You "Fresh")
* Sarah in Sorge (Sarah in Trouble)
* Man muss auch mal NEIN sagen können (Sometimes One Must Be Able to Say NO)
* Ein Indianer kennt keinen Schmerz (An Indian Does Not Know Pain)
* Wer ist der Killer? (Who Is the Killer?)
* Wild, Wild West
* Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst (I Spy with My Little Eye)
* Die Party des Jahres (The Party of the Year)
# Billy Boyd (politician)

William Robinson Boyd (born 1921) was a politician from Northern Ireland.
Boyd worked in the shipyards of Belfast and became active in the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP) and stood unsuccessfully in Belfast Woodvale in the 1953 Northern Ireland general election, then again in a 1955 by-election. That same year, he was elected to Belfast City Council, a seat he held until 1977.
In 1958, he was finally elected for Woodvale, and in 1963 he became the Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons. He stood for Westminster at the 1964 United Kingdom general election in Belfast West, taking 24% of the votes cast.
Boyd lost his seat at the 1965 Northern Ireland general election, and failed to regain it in 1969. He then stood unsuccessfully in Belfast West for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973 and the UK general election, February 1974, by now only able to take 4% of the vote. Following a final candidature for the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in Belfast North, he resigned from the NILP and stood as an independent in the same seat for the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1982. In March 1989, it was reported that Boyd had defected to the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland.
# The Politics of Cruelty (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Art Rocker | link |
| New Noise | link |
| NME | |
| Rocklouder | link |
| Rockmidgets.com | link |
The Politics of Cruelty is the debut full-length album by hardcore band Gay for Johnny Depp. It was released on November 5, 2007.

## Track listing

* "Cumpassion" – 2:22
* "You Have a Theory, I Have a Gun" – 1:12
* "Belief in God Is So Adorable" – 1:43
* "Lights Out!" – 2:12
* "Noise" – 0:20
* "Point the Finger (Juicy's Last $)" – 1:24
* "Happens" – 0:24
* "Very Little Good Happens Between 3 and 4 in the Morning" – 2:00
* "Delirium Approaches (Slut Dust)" – 2:00
* "To the Alcoholics: Life Is Depressing" – 1:34
* "Here" – 0:22
* "I Hate Our Freedom (Fuck You Gladys, I'm on Vacation)" – 6:07

## Personnel

* Sid Jagger – guitar, keyboards, vocals
* Marty Leppard – vocals
* Chelsea Piers – bass, percussion, keyboards
* JJ Samanen – drums, piano