# Viceroy of Sichuan

The Viceroy of Sichuan, fully in Chinese as the Governor-General of Sichuan and Other Local Areas, in Charge of Military Affairs, Food and Wages and Governor Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Qing dynasty. The Viceroy of Sichuan had jurisdiction of military, civil, and political affairs over then Sichuan Province (approx. nowadays most of Sichuan, most of Chongqing, northern part of Yunnan, and minor part of Xizang, Guizhou, Qinghai, Gansu, and Shaanxi).

## History

The origins of the Viceroy of Sichuan trace back to 1644, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, with the creation of the office of the Provincial Governor of Sichuan (四川巡撫). Its headquarters were in Chengdu. In 1645, the Qing government created the Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan with Luo Xiujin (羅繡錦) as the first Viceroy overseeing both Huguang (present-day Hubei and Hunan) and Sichuan provinces.
In 1653, Sichuan was placed under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of the Three Borders in Shaanxi, which was subsequently renamed "Viceroy of Chuan and the Three Borders in Shaanxi" (川陝三邊總督) with Meng Qiaofang (孟喬芳) as the officeholder. In 1656, the office was divided into two separate Viceroys for Shaanxi and Sichuan. The Viceroy of Sichuan was based in Chongqing. In 1661, the Viceroy of Sichuan relocated its headquarters to Hanzhong.
In 1668, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the Viceroy of Huguang was abolished and merged into the Viceroy of Sichuan, which was then renamed "Viceroy of Chuan-Hu" (川湖總督) and based in Jingzhou. In 1670, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu relocated to Chongqing. Four years later, perhaps coinciding with the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, the Viceroy of Chuan-Hu reverted to pre-1668, separating into the Viceroy of Huguang and Viceroy of Sichuan. In 1680, the Kangxi Emperor merged the Viceroy of Sichuan with the Viceroy of Shaanxi under the "Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan" (川陝總督), with its headquarters in Xi'an. In 1718, a separate Viceroy was created for Sichuan, so the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan stopped managing Sichuan. However, these changes were reversed in 1721.
In 1731, the Yongzheng Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan, with the latter headquartered in Chengdu.
In 1736, the Qianlong Emperor abolished the Viceroy of Sichuan and recreated the office of Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan. In 1748, during the campaign against the Jinchuan hill peoples in Sichuan, the Qianlong Emperor split the Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan into the Viceroy of Sichuan and Viceroy of Shaan-Gan. He merged the two Viceroys in 1759 but reversed the changes in the following year. The system had remained as such until the end of the Qing dynasty.

## List of Viceroys of Sichuan

| # | Name | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
| Viceroy of Huguang-Sichuan (1645–1652) ||||||
| 1 | Luo Xiujin 羅繡錦 | 1645 | 1652 | |
| Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan and the Three Borders (1653–1656) ||||||
| 2 | Meng Qiaofang 孟喬芳 | 1653 | 1654 | |
| 3 | Jin Li 金礪 | 1654 | 1656 | |
| Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1656–1661) ||||||
| 4 | Jin Li 金礪 | 1656 | 1656 | |
| 5 | Ma Zhixian 馬之先 | 1656 | 1657 | |
| 6 | Li Guoying 李國英 | 1657 | 1661 | |
| Viceroy of Sichuan (1661–1667) ||||||
| 7 | Li Guoying 李國英 | 1661 | 1666 | |
| 8 | Miao Cheng 苗澄 | 1666 | 1667 | |
| Viceroy of Chuan-Hu (1668–1674) ||||||
| 9 | Liu Zhaoqi 劉兆麒 | 1668 | 1669 | |
| 10 | Cai Yurong 蔡毓榮 | 1670 | 1682 | Stopped administering Sichuan in 1674 |
| Viceroy of Sichuan (1674–1680) ||||||
| 11 | Zhou Youde 周有德 | 1674 | 1674 | |
| 12 | Yang Maoxun 楊茂勛 | 1679 | 1680 | |
| Viceroy of Shan-Shaan (1680–1718) ||||||
| 13 | Hajan 哈占 | 1680 | 1683 | |
| 14 | Hife 禧佛 | 1683 | 1686 | |
| 15 | Tuna 圖納 | 1686 | 1688 | |
| 16 | Gesitai 葛思泰 | 1688 | 1692 | |
| 17 | Foron 佛倫 | 1692 | 1694 | |
| 18 | Wuhe 吳赫 | 1694 | 1699 | |
| | Silda 席爾達 | 1699 | 1701 | Acting Viceroy |
| 19 | Gioro-Huaxian 覺羅華顯 | 1701 | 1704 | |
| 20 | Boji 博霽 | 1704 | 1708 | |
| 21 | Cišiu 齊世武 | 1708 | 1709 | |
| 22 | Yin Tai 殷泰 | 1709 | 1713 | |
| 23 | Ehai 鄂海 | 1713 | 1718 | |
| Viceroy of Sichuan (1718–1721) ||||||
| 24 | Nian Gengyao 年羹堯 | 1718 | 1721 | |
| Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1721–1731) ||||||
| 25 | Nian Gengyao 年羹堯 | 1721 | 1725 | |
| 26 | Yue Zhongqi 岳鍾琪 | 1725 | 1729 | |
| 27 | Jalangga 查郎阿 | 1729 | 1731 | |
| Viceroy of Sichuan (1731–1735) ||||||
| 28 | Huang Tinggui 黃廷桂 | 1731 | 1735 | |
| Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1736–1748) ||||||
| 29 | Jalangga 查郎阿 | 1736 | 1738 | |
| | Liu Yuyi 劉於義 | 1736 | 1737 | Acting Viceroy |
| 30 | Omida 鄂彌達 | 1738 | 1740 | |
| 31 | Yengišan 尹繼善 | 1740 | 1742 | |
| 32 | Martai 馬爾泰 | 1742 | 1743 | Acting Viceroy |
| 33 | Qingfu 慶復 | 1743 | 1747 | |
| 34 | Zhang Guangsi 張廣泗 | 1747 | 1748 | |
| | Huang Tinggui 黃廷桂 | 1747 | | Acting Viceroy |
| | Furdan 傅爾丹 | 1748 | | Acting Viceroy |
| 35 | Fuheng 傅恆 | 1748 | | Acting Viceroy |
| 36 | Ts'ereng 策楞 | 1748 | | |
| | Yengišan 尹繼善 | 1748 | | Acting Viceroy |
| Viceroy of Sichuan (1748–1759) ||||||
| 37 | Ts'ereng 策楞 | 1748 | 1753 | |
| 38 | Huang Tinggui 黃廷桂 | 1753 | 1755 | |
| 39 | Kaitai 開泰 | 1755 | 1759 | |
| Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan (1759–1760) ||||||
| 40 | Kaitai 開泰 | 1759 | 1760 | |
| Viceroy of Sichuan (1760–1911) ||||||
| 41 | Kaitai 開泰 | 1760 | 1763 | |
| 42 | Obi 鄂弼 | 1763 | 1763 | |
| 43 | Artai 阿爾泰 | 1763 | 1770 | |
| | Agui 阿桂 | 1764 | 1764 | Acting Viceroy |
| 44 | Defu 德福 | 1770 | 1771 | |
| 45 | Artai 阿爾泰 | 1771 | 1771 | |
| 46 | Wenshou 文綬 | 1771 | 1771 | |
| 47 | Guilin 桂林 | 1771 | 1772 | |
| 48 | Artai 阿爾泰 | 1772 | 1772 | |
| 49 | Wenshou 文綬 | 1772 | 1772 | |
| 50 | Liu Bingtian 劉秉恬 | 1772 | 1773 | |
| | Fulehun 富勒渾 | 1772 | 1772 | Acting Viceroy |
| 51 | Fulehun 富勒渾 | 1773 | 1776 | |
| 52 | Wenshou 文綬 | 1776 | 1781 | |
| 53 | Fuk'anggan 福康安 | 1781 | 1783 | |
| 54 | Li Shijie 李世傑 | 1783 | 1787 | |
| 55 | Baoning 保寧 | 1786 | 1787 | |
| 56 | Li Shijie 李世傑 | 1787 | 1789 | |
| 57 | Sun Shiyi 孫士毅 | 1789 | 1790 | |
| 58 | Ohūi 鄂輝 | 1790 | 1791 | |
| 59 | Xianling 憲齡 | 1791 | 1793 | |
| 60 | Fuk'anggan 福康安 | 1793 | 1794 | |
| 61 | Heliyen 和琳 | 1794 | 1796 | |
| | Sun Shiyi 孫士毅 | 1796 | 1796 | Acting Viceroy |
| 62 | Funing 福寧 | 1796 | 1797 | |
| 63 | Lebao 勒保 | 1798 | 1799 | |
| 64 | Kuilun 魁倫 | 1799 | 1800 | |
| 65 | Lebao 勒保 | 1800 | 1810 | |
| 66 | Changming 常明 | 1810 | 1817 | |
| | Li Luanyi 李鑾宜 | 1817 | 1817 | Acting Viceroy |
| | Dening'a 德寧阿 | 1817 | 1817 | Acting Viceroy |
| 67 | Jiang Youxian 蔣攸銛 | 1817 | 1822 | |
| 68 | Chen Ruolin 陳若霖 | 1822 | 1823 | |
| 69 | Dai Sanxi 戴三錫 | 1823 | 1829 | |
| 70 | Qishan 琦善 | 1829 | 1831 | |
| 71 | Ošan 鄂山 | 1831 | 1838 | |
| 72 | Gioro-Baoxing 覺羅寶興 | 1839 | 1846 | |
| 73 | Qishan 琦善 | 1846 | 1849 | |
| 74 | Xu Zechun 徐澤醇 | 1849 | 1852 | |
| 75 | Huicheng 慧成 | 1852 | 1853 | |
| 76 | Yurui 裕瑞 | 1853 | 1854 | |
| 77 | Huang Zonghan 黃宗漢 | 1854 | 1856 | |
| 78 | Wu Zhenyu 吳振棫 | 1856 | 1857 | |
| 79 | Wang Qingyun 王慶雲 | 1857 | 1859 | |
| 80 | Huang Zonghan 黃宗漢 | 1859 | 1859 | |
| 81 | Zeng Wangyan 曾望顏 | 1859 | 1860 | |
| 82 | Chongshi 崇實 | 1860 | 1861 | |
| 83 | Luo Bingzhang 駱秉章 | 1861 | 1867 | |
| 84 | Wu Tang 吳棠 | 1867 | 1875 | |
| | Wenge 文格 | 1875 | 1875 | Acting Viceroy |
| 85 | Li Hanzhang 李瀚章 | 1875 | 1876 | |
| 86 | Ding Baozhen 丁寶楨 | 1876 | 1886 | |
| 87 | Liu Bingzhang 劉秉璋 | 1886 | 1894 | |
| 88 | Tan Zhonglin 譚鍾麟 | 1894 | 1895 | |
| 89 | Lu Chuanlin 鹿傳霖 | 1895 | 1897 | |
| | Gongshou 恭壽 | 1897 | 1898 | Acting Viceroy |
| 90 | Li Bingheng 李秉衡 | 1897 | 1897 | Never assumed office |
| 91 | Yulu 裕祿 | 1897 | 1898 | |
| 92 | Kuijun 奎俊 | 1898 | 1902 | |
| | Cen Chunxuan 岑春煊 | 1902 | 1903 | Acting Viceroy |
| 93 | Xiliang 錫良 | 1903 | 1907 | |
| | Zhao Erfeng 趙爾豐 | 1907 | 1907 | Acting Viceroy |
| 94 | Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 | 1907 | 1907 | Never assumed office |
| 95 | Chen Kuilong 陳夔龍 | 1907 | 1908 | |
| 96 | Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 | 1908 | 1911 | |
| | Zhao Erfeng 趙爾豐 | 1911 | 1911 | Acting Viceroy |
| | Cen Chunxuan 岑春煊 | 1911 | 1911 | Acting Viceroy; never assumed office |
| 97 | Duanfang 端方 | 1911 | 1911 | Assassinated in office |