OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Upmeyer

Upmeyer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernd Upmeyer (born 1973), German architect
* Linda Upmeyer (born 1952), American politician
# Integrated Project Management Approach

The IPMA (Integrated Project Management Approach) method is a design process method that was started in 1984. The integrated project delivery approach is a project delivery method that emphasizes collaboration, accountability, and control, aiming to reduce risks.

## Details

In 1984, the construction of a Four Seasons Hotel in Los Angeles was started by Anthony Mason of AMAPM (Anthony Mason Associates Project Management). The traditional design–bid–build (D/B/B) approach led to disagreements among the project team.
Project Management is crucial across various project disciplines, especially in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Effective project delivery benefits from a collaborative, team-based approach. While Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and LEAN Construction methods have shown potential, they have not become the industry's preferred methods. A scalable, adaptable, and collaborative approach is needed for everyday projects.
To address these challenges, a method called "Intent of Design" (IGMP) was implemented. The "IGMP/GMP method" was later identified as the IPMA method, taught at the GSD since 2011. This method involved integrating the general contractor (GC) earlier in the design process and using schematic stage drawings, with the collaboration of the architects and engineers. The GC would then provide an initial guaranteed maximum price (GMP) to try to minimize the construction cost. The method also involved competitive subcontractor bidding.
IPMA was used on over 120 projects and has been documented by Harvard University. The method is currently taught at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
# Erenköy, Yusufeli

Erenköy is a village in the Yusufeli District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 149 (2021).
# Uppland Runic Inscription 171

Uppland Runic Inscription 171 or U 171 is the Rundata catalog listing for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located in Söderby, which is four kilometers west of Vaxholm, Stockholm County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Uppland.

## Description

The inscription on U 171 consists of runic text in the younger futhark that is carved on a serpent that follows the edge of the triangular-shaped granite stone. The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr4, which is also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. The inscription was carved by a runemaster who used the signature Fasti, with the runes for his signature line fasti risti runaʀ or "Fasti carved the runes" located outside of the serpent near its leg. Based on stylistic analysis, this runemaster is believed to have also created the nearby but now-lost runestone U 170 in Bogesund, where the runemaster's signature was recorded as being Fastulfr. As such, Fasti may be a nickname. On U 171, the runemaster used a word divider punctuation mark consisting of a single dot between each word that was carved on the serpent.
The runic text states that the stone was raised by a man named Gunni in memory of his son Eyndr and in memory of himself. It is believed that this stone is associated with three other nearby runestones that were raised by the same family, the others being U 166 and 167 in Östra Ryds and U 170 in Bogesund. There are over twenty other runestones where the sponsor of the stone stated that the stone was raised in memory of himself, including Sö 55 in Bjudby, U 127 in Danderyds, the now-lost U 149 in Hagby, U 164 and U 165 in Täby, U 194 in Väsby, U 212 in Vallentuna, U 261 in Fresta, U 308 in Ekeby, the now-lost U 345 in Yttergärde, U 433 in Husby-Ärlinghundra, U 734 in Linsunda, U 739 in Gådi, U 803 in Långtora, U 962 in Vaksala, U 1011 in Örby, U 1040 in Fasma, the now-lost U 1114 in Myrby, U 1181 in Lilla Runhällen, U Fv1958;250 in Sigtuna, Vs 17 in Råby, Vs 32 in Prästgården, and DR 212 in Tillitse. Of these, five stones known as the Jarlabanke Runestones were sponsored by the same person in memory of himself.

## Inscription
### Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

    kuni * lit * akua * stain * þi-a * iftiʀ * aunt * sun * sin * kuþan * auk * if(t)(i)- * s(i)(k) * sialfan * fasti risti runaʀ

### Transcription into Old Norse

    Gunni let haggva stæin þe[nn]a æftiʀ Øynd, sun sinn goðan, ok æfti[ʀ] sik sialfan. Fasti risti runaʀ.

### Translation in English

    Gunni had this stone cut in memory of Eyndr, his good son, and in memory of himself. Fasti carved the runes.
# Uppland Runic Inscription 1145

Uppland Runic Inscription 1145, or U 1145 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located near the town of Tierp in Uppland, Sweden.

## Description

U 1145, which consists of a serpent that circles a cross, is classified as being carved in either runestone style Pr2 or Pr3. The text states that Ríkr and Gunnthrúðr raised the stone in memory of Fasti. The text ends in a prayer which uses the Norse word salu for soul, which was borrowed from English and was first used in another inscription during the tenth century. The runes in the prayer follow the rule that double letters are represented with only a single rune, even if one of the two letters are at the end of one word and the second is at the beginning of the next word. In U 1145 this rule applies to four consecutive words in the prayer, which are written as honsalukuþs on the stone. The transliteration of the runic text for these words in the prayer, hons| |salu| |uk| |kuþs, shown below shows word divisions and a separate s, u, and k rune for each of the words.

## Inscription
### Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

    : r(i)kr ' lit raisa stain þino ' abtiʀ fasta faþur sin auk þauh kunþruþr ' k[uþ hial]bi hons| |salu| |uk| |kuþs muþiʀ

### Transcription into Old Norse

    Rikʀ let ræisa stæin þenna æftiʀ Fasta, faður sinn, ok þau Gunnþruðr. Guð hialpi hans salu ok Guðs moðiʀ.

### Translation in English

    Ríkr had this stone raised in memory of Fasti, his father, and Gunnthrúðr (also raised). May God and God's mother help his soul.
# Urdahl

Urdahl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dean Urdahl (born 1949), American politician
* Stevelin Urdahl (born 1967), Norwegian actor
* Sverre Lassen-Urdahl (1913–2005), Norwegian alpine skier
# Erik Viktor Almquist

Erik Viktor Almquist (7 March 1817 – 13 December 1872) was a Swedish politician. He was governor (landshövding i.e. chieftain of the land) of the northern Swedish county of Vasterbotten. He improved Sami rights and brought forward legislation regarding forestry management.

## Life

Almquist was born in Antuna, Eds County, Uppland, in 1817 to Carl Gustaf Almquist and his second wife Agnes Catherine Alten. His elder half-brother was the writer Carl Jonas Love Almqvist. Almquist joined the military where he was a dedicated worker. He worked his way up through the officer core. In 1834 he was a sergeant in the Hälsinge regiment and he rose to second lieutenant before moving to the Uppland Regiment as a second major in 1862. His skills as a farmer, municipal worker and army officer were well regarded. Despite having to travel miles on foot he visited the Sami people three times.
In 1864 he was appointed the Governor of Västerbotten succeeding Gustaf Munthe. The following year he donated land in Umeå to create the park that became known as Döbelns park.
In 1866 he met Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, who contacted him via his half-brother Carl Jonas Love Almqvist. Mathsdotter had successfully petitioned the king two years earlier to improve Sami education in Lapland. She had captured the public's imagination by skiing the length of Sweden to ask a favour of the king. As a result, she had received international support for founding schools and improving education in Lapland. In 1866 she travelled south again and met Almquist. Almquist took up Mathsdotter's case and starting in 1871 the law was changed to establish better rights for the Sami people.
Almquist became a member of the Riksdag (parliament) in 1867. This was at a time of famine and a severe shortage of food in Västerbotten. He served from 1867 to 1869 in the first chamber before joining the second chamber in 1870. He introduced two bills that won approval whilst he represented Harnosand, Umeå, Luleå and Piteå. The first made the grazing rights of the Sami people clear and the other related to forest management. Whilst he was governor there were significant problems with the ownership of timber as the saw mills seized power. The methods reported at Baggböle sawmill in 1866–1867 created a scandal. A new Swedish word derived from the name of the village, baggböleri, was a derogatory term for the deforestation that had taken place in his county.
Almquist was appointed chair of a new forest committee but he died in Umeå in 1872. His job as governor was taken by Axel Wästfelt.
# Urkunden des ægyptischen Altertums

Urkunden des ægyptischen Altertums is a series of editions of Ancient Egyptian texts, published between 1903–1961.
The series comprises eight volumes:
* I. Urkunden des Alten Reichs (Old Kingdom)
* II. Hieroglyphische Urkunden der Griechisch-Römischen Zeit (Greek and Roman periods)
* III. Urkunden der Älteren Athiopenkönige (Nubian Dynasty), ed. Heinrich Schäfer 1905
* IV. Urkunden der 18. Dynastie (18th Dynasty), ed. Hans Wolfgang Helck 1955–1958
* V. Religiöse Urkunden (religious texts)
* VI. Urkunden Mythologischen Inhalts (mythological texts)
* VII. Urkunden des Mittleren Reiches (Middle Kingdom)
* VIII. Historisch-biographische Urkunden der Zeit zwischen AR u. MR. (First Intermediate Period)

## Urkunden der 18. Dynastie

Urkunden der 18. Dynastie is a collection of hieroglyphic texts from the 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt, as compiled by German scholar Kurt Heinrich Sethe. This was part of Urkunden des ægyptischen Altertums.
Urkunden der 18. Dynastie represents 1226 pages of handwritten hieroglyphic texts (16 fascicles), being the longest part in the Urkunden series, and contains all the records of the 18th Dynasty through most of the reign of Thutmosis III.
This was later followed in 1955–1958 by fascicles 17–22 by Hans Wolfgang Helck, who completed the series through the reigns of Amenhotep II to that of Horemheb. Helck also translated all of the Egyptian texts into German, which was published separately. An English translation of the German translations of fascicles 17–19 is published as Egyptian Historical Records of the Later Eighteenth Dynasty by Barbara Cumming.

### Fascicles

Urkunden IV is divided into 22 hefte (fascicles).
* 1: Time of the Hyksos and their earliest successors
* 2: Time of Kings Thutmosis I and II
* 3: Beginning of The Government of Thutmosis III and the Birth of Hatshepsut
* 4: Time of Hatshepsut
* 5: Time of Hatshepsut
* 6: Contemporary with Hatshepsut
* 7: Contemporary with Hatshepsut
* 8: Time of Thutmosis III
* 9-10: Time of Thutmosis III
* 11: Time of Thutmosis III
* 12: Time of Thutmosis III and Amenhotep II
* 13-16: Time of Thutmosis III
* 17: Historische Inschriften Thutmosis’ III. und Amenophis’ II.
* 18: Biographische Inschriften von Zeitgenossen Thutmosis’ III. und Amenophis’ II.
* 19: Historische Inschriften Thutmosis’ IV. und biographische Inschriften seiner Zeitgenossen
* 20: Historische Inschriften Amenophis’ III.
* 21: Inschriften von Zeitgenossen Amenophis’ III.
* 22: Inschriften Amenophis III. bis Haremheb und ihrer Zeitgenossen

### Availability

All of the Urkunden series has been out of print for a very long time, and since the number of people who can read Egyptian is quite small, not many were printed. Obtaining a print version of any one of the four bound volumes of Urkunden IV can be quite expensive. However, since fascicles 1–16 are in the public domain, Urkunden IV, as well as the other volumes of Urkunden des ægyptischen Altertums, are available online free of cost at numerous libraries.
# Urodopsis

Urodopsis is a genus of moths of the family Zygaenidae.

## Species

* Urodopsis subcaeruleus (Dognin, 1910)
* Urodopsis pusilla (Walker, 1854)
* Urodopsis dryas Jordan, 1915
# University of Pretoria Faculty of Education

The University of Pretoria Faculty of Education was incorporated and merged with the University of Pretoria in 1908. The Faculty has five departments, four centres and units and collaborates with more than seven international bodies. The Faculty offers the undergraduate BEd degrees, postgraduate degrees as well as several continuing education courses.

## History

The University of Pretoria was founded in 1908. The Faculty of Education at UP was founded on 17 June 1937. The Normal College of Pretoria, in turn, was founded in 1902. The Faculty of Education at Pretoria incorporated the Teacher Training College in Pretoria (formerly the Normal College of Pretoria) in 2000 and subsequently moved to the Groenkloof campus.

## Campus

The Faculty is situated on the Groenkloof Campus, in Groenkloof Pretoria. The campus houses four student residences namely Kiaat, Inca, Zinnia and Lillium. Groenkloof Campus has various sports fields and facilities on campus.

## Academics

The Faculty offers a number of undergraduate degrees such as the BEd (Foundation Phase Teaching), BEd (Intermediate Phase Teaching) and BEd (Senior Phase and Further Education and Training Phase Teaching). All the mentioned undergraduate degrees are minimum four-year degrees.
The Faculty also offers BEd Honours, Masters of Education, Doctorate of Education and a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE).
The Faculty has been ranked as one of the Top 200 Faculties of Education in the world by the QS Rankings.

## Centres, units and institutes

Centres, Units & Institutes in the Faculty include the Centre for the Study of Resilience, the Unit for Distance Education, the Centre for Evaluation & Assessment Interuniversity and the Centre for Education Law and Education Policy.

## African Deans of Education Forum

The University of Pretoria Faculty of Education, South Africa, took the initiative in 2013 to establish a platform for African deans of education. An informal structure under the leadership of Prof Irma Eloff (University of Pretoria Dean at the time) was established, with the University of Pretoria hosting the Secretariat of the Forum.
The African Deans of Education Forum was launched in July 2013 at the DETA 2013 Conference in Nairobi, Kenya.

## Former Deans

The Dean of Education serves as the head of the Faculty of Education. Prof Irma Eloff was the first female Dean of the faculty.
| Name | Took office | Left office |
| Prof Chika Sehoole | 2016 | Present |
| Prof Irma Eloff | 2008 | 2016 |
| Prof Jonatan Jansen | 2000 | 2007 |
| Prof Michael Bondesio | 1989 | 1999 |
| Prof F van der Stoep | 1971 | 1989 |
| Prof BF Nel | 1945 | 1970 |
| Prof ID Bosman | 1938 | 1945 |
| Prof JC Bosman | 1937 | 1937 |
# Ernest Rock Carling

Sir Ernest Rock Carling (1877–1960) was a British surgeon, war veteran and pioneering radiologist best known for his association with Westminster Hospital.

## Surgeon

Carling joined the staff of the Westminster Hospital in 1906 after serving at the Imperial Yeomanry Field Hospital as a medical student during the South African war. In 1910, Rock Carling was acting as Dean of the Westminster Hospital Medical School.

## Radiologist

In 1928, Carling established a radium centre at the Westminster Hospital, where with the assistance of his son Francis Carling, he set up the first "radium bombs". An example of a "radium bomb" can be seen at the Science Museum Group in the Medicine: Wellcome Galleries. Rock Carling became a member of the Medical Research Council and the Radium Trust that year.
In 1929, Carling authored a Course of instruction in radium practice. His later publications include: British Surgical Practice (which he wrote with J. P. Ross in 1947). Rock Carling was a member of several committees related to nuclear energy and was chairman of both the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the Radium Commission of the Central Health Services Council. He was also Chairman of the British Ministry of Health Cancer Commission.
In 1950, following the publication of an estimate of the human toll of a hypothetical atomic explosion over London, Carling stated that "to live in the atomic age is perforce to accept the implications: Fully faced they are robbed of half their terrors." In 1951, he was quoted in American newspapers as stating that efficient medical treatments had been developed to counter the effects of almost all known biological weapons.

### Cancer treatment unit

In 1954, Rock Carling opened Britain's first Cobalt therapy cancer treatment unit at the Bristol General Hospital.
In 1955, Carling wrote British Practice in Radiotherapy with B. W. Windeyer and D. W. Smithers.

## Charitable work

Rock Carling was a founding member of the City of Westminster Old People's Welfare Association and a long-serving member of the Westminster Medical School Council and the Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans of Medical Men.
Dr A. J. Shinnie wrote of Carling in the British Medical Journal that "all his life he lived for Westminster Hospital", and that the new building there that opened in 1939 was his "child". Carling died in 1960 at the age of 83.
# Untitled (Lee Kelly, 1975)

Untitled is an outdoor 1975 sculpture by Lee Kelly, installed at Louisa Boren Park in Seattle, Washington, in the United States. The abstract, welded Cor-Ten steel piece measures approximately 19 feet (5.8 m) x 14 feet (4.3 m) x 10 feet (3.0 m).
It was surveyed and deemed "treatment needed" by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in November 1994. The work is part of the Seattle One Percent for Art Collection and administered by the Seattle Arts Commission.
# Kotezi Viaduct

The 1,227-metre (4,026 ft) Kotezi Viaduct is part of the A1 motorway in Croatia, located between Ravča and Vrgorac interchanges. It is the second-longest viaduct found along the motorway. Construction and opening of the motorway section and the Kotezi Viaduct was marked by a naming dispute, causing the viaduct to be renamed twice in the month before the opening. The local population expressed concerns about the viaduct's effects on the drainage of floodwater from the karst polje it spans and on groundwater levels in the area.

## Structure

The Kotezi Viaduct is a reinforced concrete viaduct carrying the A1 motorway in Croatia between Ravča and Vrgorac, across the Bunina Polje. It is 1,227 metres (4,026 ft) long and 28 metres (92 ft) wide, built as a dual structure, each part carrying two traffic lanes and an emergency lane. The Kotezi Viaduct is the second-longest viaduct along the A1 motorway route, surpassed only by the Drežnik Viaduct. The viaduct was built by a joint venture of DYWIDAG and Strabag but 320 prestressed beams were built in Viadukt Zagreb TBP Pojatno, and it represents the most complex structure along the Ravča–Vrgorac section of the A1 motorway.

## Naming dispute

Construction of the viaduct was accompanied by a naming dispute. Originally the structure was named Kotezi Viaduct, after the nearest toponym, village of Kotezi, only to be changed to Bunina Viaduct less than a month before its opening to traffic. However, only days after the decision was publicized by newspapers, Hrvatske autoceste decided to revert to the original name following protests by residents of Kotezi village. The latest change was contested by residents of Bunina village, leading to a public exchanges or arguments which name should be finally applied. Days after opening of the A1 motorway section containing the viaduct, traffic signs bearing name of the viaduct were vandalized, and newspapers speculated that the event represented a continuation of the naming dispute.

## Environmental concerns

Construction of the viaduct caused concern amongst the local population that an embankment used as a temporary structure during construction works would prevent drainage of water from the Bunina Polje spanned by the viaduct. The polje is regularly flooded each winter and spring due to high precipitation. Additional concerns were raised that the construction works may cause reduced yield of Betina spring and lack of flooding as was the case in 2008, when two adjacent poljes, Rastok and Jezero, were flooded unlike the Bunina Polje; any shortage of water presents a concern for agricultural production in the area. The three poljes, including Bunina, are classified as environmentally critical primarily because of improper application of fertilizers in the karst.
# Kondivade Andar Mawal

Kondivade Andar Mawal is a village and gram panchayat in India, situated in Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 496.04 ha (1,226 acres).

## Administration

The village is administrated by a sarpanch, an elected representative who leads a gram panchayat. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the village was the headquarters for the eponymous gram panchayat, which also governed the village of Kondivade Nane Mawal.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the village comprised 174 households. The population of 951 was split between 473 males and 478 females.

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Pune Airport.
# Red (John Stevens album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Red is the debut album recorded by American Idol 3 contestant John Stevens. The album reached the top ten of the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. Also, the song, "Come Fly with Me", reached number 27 on the Hot Singles Sales chart.

## Track listing

* "Come Fly with Me"
* "My Blue Heaven"
* "Someone to Watch Over Me"
* "Here, There and Everywhere"
* "All of Me"
* "This Love"
* "I Only Have Eyes for You"
* "Let's Fall in Love" (Duet with Erika Christensen)
* "It Had to Be You"
* "The Shadow of Your Smile"
* "Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
# Inkle

Inkle may refer to:
* Inkle (character), a character in the comic opera Inkle and Yarico
* Inkle (company), a British video game company
* Inkle (loom), a type of warp-faced weaving loom
# Jay Turner (American football)

Jay Lewis Turner (July 11, 1914 – November 1960) was an American football running back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins. He attended George Washington University.
# Jekselen Peak

Jekselen Peak (72°0′S 2°33′W﻿ / ﻿72.000°S 2.550°W﻿ / -72.000; -2.550) is, at 1,405 metres (4,610 ft), the highest peak in a small ridge 7 nautical miles (13 km) east-southeast of Mount Schumacher, in the Ahlmann Ridge of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Jekselen (the molar).