OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of mergers in Iwate Prefecture

Here is a list of mergers in Iwate Prefecture, Japan since the Heisei era.

## Mergers before April 1, 1999

* On April 1, 1991 - the old city of Kitakami absorbed the town of Waga and the village of Ezuriko (both from Waga District) to create the new and expanded city of Kitakami.

## Mergers

* On November 15, 2001 - the town of Sanriku (from Kesen District) was merged into the expanded city of Ōfunato.
* On June 6, 2005 - the old city of Miyako absorbed the town of Tarō and village of Niisato (both from Shimohei District) to create the new and expanded city of Miyako.
* On September 1, 2005 - the towns of Ashiro and Nishine, and the village of Matsuo (all from Iwate District) were merged to create the city of Hachimantai.
* On September 20, 2005 - the old city of Ichinoseki absorbed the towns of Daitō, Higashiyama and Senmaya, and the villages of Kawasaki and Murone (all from Higashiiwai District), and the town of Hanaizumi (from Nishiiwai District) to create the new and expanded city of Ichinoseki.
* On October 1, 2005 - the old city of Tōno absorbed the village of Miyamori (from Kamihei District) to create the new and expanded city of Tōno.
* On November 1, 2005 - the town of Yuda and village of Sawauchi (both from Waga District) were merged to create the town of Nishiwaga.
* On January 1, 2006 - the old city of Hanamaki absorbed the towns of Ishidoriya and Ōhasama (both from Hienuki District), and the town of Tōwa (from Waga District) to create the new and expanded city of Hanamaki. Hienuki District was dissolved as a result of this merger.
* On January 1, 2006 - the old city of Ninohe absorbed the town of Jōbōji (from Ninohe District) to create the new and expanded city of Ninohe.
* On January 1, 2006 - the town of Taneichi and the village of Ōno (both from Kunohe District) were merged to create the town of Hirono.
* On January 10, 2006 - the village of Tamayama (from Iwate District) was merged into the expanded city of Morioka.
* On February 20, 2006 - the cities of Esashi and Mizusawa merged with the towns of Isawa and Maesawa, and the village of Koromogawa (all from Isawa District) to create the city of Ōshū.
* On March 6, 2006 - the old city of Kuji absorbed the village of Yamagata (from Kunohe District) to create the new and expanded city of Kuji.
* On January 1, 2010 - the old city of Miyako absorbed the village of Kawai (from Shimohei District) to create the new and expanded city of Miyako.
* On September 26, 2011 - the town of Fujisawa (from Higashiiwai District) was merged into the expanded city of Ichinoseki. Higashiiwai District was dissolved as a result of this merger.
* On January 1, 2014 - the village of Takizawa (from Iwate District) was promoted to city status.
# Bangladeshi 10-poisha coin

Ten paisa is a small denomination of Bangladeshi taka currency. The ten paise metal coin was first issued in 1973. Ten paise is not currently in use in Bangladesh.

## History

Until the Great Liberation War in Bangladesh in 1971, the Pakistani rupee was the currency of the country. After the independence of Bangladesh, the first Bangladeshi currency was issued on March 4, 1972. The official currency was named Taka, later "৳" was designated as the sign or symbol for Taka. The minimum unit of money fixed is one rupee. And a percentage of money is called Paisa. That is, ৳1 is equal to 100 paise. In 1973, 5 paisa, 10 paisa, 25 paisa and 50 paisa started circulation.

### design

In the case of the ten paise coin, since its first circulation in 1973, three designs have been seen in this coin. Each of the three types of design had the national emblem of Bangladesh on the front. At the center of the national emblem is a lotus flower floating in water, surrounded by two grains of rice. Three intertwined jute leaves at top and four stars in total, two each on either side of leaf.
In 1973, this 23 mm diameter coin weighed 1.98 grams. On one side of it were palm leaves and on the other side were lotus flowers. In 1974, the design was changed to use the Green Revolution slogan and associated logo on one side. In 1977, the design was changed again to include a picture of a family with two children on one side. In 1981, the diameter of the coin was reduced to 22 millimeters and the weight reduced to 1.39 grams.
# List of rivers of Sumatra

This is a list of rivers flowing in the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.

## In alphabetical order

* Aceh
* Asahan
* Banyuasin
* Barumun
* Batang Hari
* Bila
* Bohorok
* Gadis
* Indragiri
* Jamboaye
* Kampar Kanan
* Kampar
* Kluet
* Komering
* Kualu
* Kumu
* Mandau
* Merangin
* Mesuji
* Musi
* Ogan
* Ombilin
* Peureulak
* Peusangen
* Rawas
* Renun
* Rokan
* Rokan-kanan
* Rokan-kiri
* Sekampung
* Seputih
* Siak
* Silau
* Simpang-kanan
* Simpang-kiri
* Sinamar
* Tamiang
* Tembesi
* Teunom
* Toru
* Tripa
* Tulangbawang
* Tungkal
* Wampu
* Woyla

## Mouth location
### North coast

* Aceh River
* Peusangan River
* Krueng Cunda River
* Jamboaye River

### Northeast coast

* Peureulak River
* Tamiang River
* Wampu River
** Bingai River
** Bohorok River
* Asahan River
** Silau River
* Kualu River
* Barumun River
** Bila River (Indonesia)

### Northwest coast

* Teunom River
* Woyla River
* Tripa River
* Kluet River
* Alas River
* Simpang-kanan River

### West coast

* Toru River
* Gadis River

### East coast

* Rokan River
** Kumu River
** Rokan-kiri River
** Rokan-kanan River
* Siak River
** Mandau River
* Kampar River
** Kampar Kanan River
* Indragiri River
** Ombilin River
** Sinamar River
* Tungkal River
* Batang Hari River
** Tembesi River
*** Merangin River

### Southeast coast

* Banyuasin River
* Toru River
* Musi River (Indonesia)
** Belida River
** Komering River
** Ogan River
** Rawas River
*** Simpang-kanan River
* Mesuji River
* Tulang Bawang River
* Seputih River
* Sekampung River

## By Province
### Aceh

* Aceh River
* Alas River
* Jamboaye River
* Kluet River
* Krueng Cunda River
* Peureulak River
* Peusangan River
* Renun River
* Simpang-kanan River
* Tamiang River
* Teunom River
* Tripa River
* Woyla River

### Jambi

* Batang Hari River
* Merangin River
* Tembesi River
* Tungkal River

### Lampung

* Mesuji River
* Sekampung River
* Seputih River
* Tulangbawang River

### North Sumatra

* Asahan River
** Silau River
* Barumun River
** Bila River
* Deli River
* Gadis River
* Kualu River
* Renun River
* Simpang-kanan River
* Toru River
* Wampu River
** Bingai River
** Bohorok River

### Riau

* Kampar
** Kampar Kanan River
** Kampar Kiri River
* Indragiri River
** Ombilin River
* Rokan River
** Kumu River
** Rokan-kanan River
** Rokan-kiri River
* Siak River
** Mandau River
* Simpang-kiri River

### South Sumatra

* Banyuasin River
* Komering River
* Musi River
* Ogan River
* Rawas River
* Simpang-kanan River

### West Sumatra

* Batang Hari
* Kampar
** Kampar Kanan
* Ombilin/Indragiri
** Sinamar
# Louis Alix de Nompère de Champagny

Louis Alix de Nompère de Champagny (12 June 1796, Saint-Vincent-de-Boisset - 27 January 1870, Boulogne-sur-Seine) was a French politician and diplomat. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny. He retired into private life after the 1848 Revolution but returned in May 1861 as France's ambassador to Rome.
On 17 May 1824 in Paris, he married Caroline Élisabeth Lagrange (1806-1870), daughter of Joseph Lagrange (1763-1836) and Marie de Talhouët-Bonamour (1786-1849). She bought the Bastie d'Urfé.
# Sodium dithiophosphate

Sodium dithiophosphate is the salt with the formula Na$_3$PS$_2$O$_2$. It is usually supplied as the hydrated solid or as an aqueous solution together with other thiophosphates such as sodium monothiophosphate and sodium trithiophosphate. It is a colorless compound, but commercial samples can appear dark owing to the presence of impurities. It is used to facilitate the isolation of molybdenum from its ores.

## Preparation

The compound has been prepared in a multistep process starting with the base hydrolysis of phosphorus pentasulfide:
    P$_2$S$_5$ + 6 NaOH → 2 Na$_3$PO$_2$S$_2$ + H$_2$S + 2 H$_2$O
The salt is isolated as the hydrate Na$_3$PO$_2$S$_2$$^.$(H$_2$O)$_{11}$. It is prone to hydrolysis, especially when it is heated as an aqueous solutions:
    Na$_3$PO$_2$S$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O → Na$_3$PO$_3$S + H$_2$S
Its structure has been examined by X-ray crystallography.

## Applications

This salt is used as a flotation agent in the purification of molybdenite (MoS$_2$) from other components of the ores, where it is usually known as "Nokes reagent" (after Charles M. Nokes, who patented it in 1948). The salt is generated by the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with sodium hydroxide, often using impure reagents to obtain a mixture of the desired salt and related thiophosphates and oxidized species. Molybdenite particles, which are normally hydrophobic, become hydrophilic in the presence of this salt. In this context, the Nokes reagent is called a "depressant," because it suppresses the flotation tendency of the solids other than molybdenite.
# Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form

Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form is a specialist maths and science sixth form with free school status located in Norwich, owned by the Inspiration Trust. It has the capacity for 480 students aged 16–19. It specialises in mathematics and science.

## History

Prior to becoming a Sixth Form College the building functioned as a fire station serving the central Norwich area until August 2011 when it closed down. Two years later the Sixth Form was created within the empty building with various additions being made to the existing structure. The sixth form was ranked the 7th best state sixth form in England by the Times in 2022.

## Curriculum

At Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form, students can study a choice of either maths, further maths, core maths, biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, environmental science or psychology. Additionally, students can also study any of the subjects on offer at the partner free school Jane Austen College, also located in Norwich and specialising in humanities, Arts and English.
# Juliana Chen

Juliana Chen is a Chinese magician, who was born in the Hunan province of China. She has appeared on the cover of The Linking Ring, published by the International Brotherhood of Magicians.

## Early life

Chen was born Chen Zhi Ling in the Hunan provenance of China. At the age of 10 she was chosen to train at the Hunan Academy for the Performing Arts in the fields of ballet, juggling, and acrobatics. During a hospital stay for repeated leg injuries Chen witnessed a television performance by Shimada, prompting her interest in learning to perform magic. Chen would later immigrate to Canada in the hopes of achieving success outside of China.
# Sally Taylor

Sally Taylor may refer to:
* Sally Taylor (musician) (born 1974), American musician and advocate for the victims of land mines
* Sally Taylor (TV presenter), British news presenter, long-serving on south of England regional news for the BBC
* Sally Taylor-Isherwood, Canadian actress
# Shikhakeran

Shikhakeran may refer to:
* Şıxakəran, Azerbaijan
* Şiyəkəran, Azerbaijan
# List of mergers in Kyoto Prefecture

Here is a list of mergers in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan since the Heisei era.

## Mergers from April 1, 1999 to Present

* On April 1, 2004 - the towns of Mineyama and Omiya (both from Naka District), the towns of Amino, Tango and Yasaka (all from Takeno District), and the town of Kumihama (from Kumano District) were merged to create the city of Kyōtango. Naka, Takeno and Kumano Districts were all dissolved as a result of this merger.
* On April 1, 2005 - the town of Keihoku (from Kitakuwada District) was merged into the expanded city of Kyoto, specifically at Ukyo Ward.
* On October 11, 2005 - the towns of Tamba, Mizuho and Wachi (all from Funai District) were merged to create the town of Kyōtamba.
* On January 1, 2006 - the towns of Miwa and Yakuno (both from Amata District), and the town of Ōe (from Kasa District) were merged into the expanded city of Fukuchiyama. Amata District and Kasa District were both dissolved as a result of this merger.
* On January 1, 2006 - the towns of Hiyoshi, Sonobe and Yagi (all from Funai District), and the town of Miyama (from Kitakuwada District) were merged to create the city of Nantan. Kitakuwada District was dissolved as a result of this merger.
* On March 1, 2006 - the towns of Iwataki, Kaya and Nodagawa (all from Yosa District) were merged to create the town of Yosano.
* On March 12, 2007 - the towns of Kamo, Kizu and Yamashiro (all from Sōraku District) were merged to create the city of Kizugawa.
# Bamberger rearrangement

The Bamberger rearrangement is the chemical reaction of phenylhydroxylamines with strong aqueous acid, which will rearrange to give 4-aminophenols. It is named for the German chemist Eugen Bamberger (1857–1932).
The starting phenylhydroxylamines are typically synthesized by the transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzenes using rhodium or zinc catalysts.
One application is in the synthesis of fenhexamid [fr].

## Reaction mechanism

The mechanism of the Bamberger rearrangement proceeds from the monoprotonation of N-phenylhydroxylamine 1. N-protonation 2 is favored, but unproductive. O-protonation 3 can form the nitrenium ion 4, which can react with nucleophiles (H$_2$O) to form the desired 4-aminophenol 5.
# Fuzigish

Fuzigish (/ˈfʌziˌɡɪʃ/ FUZZ-ee-gish) is a South African ska punk band from Johannesburg, established in 1997. They are noted for their high energy performances and have released six full-length albums and one compilation since their inception. The band retain a strong DIY ethos, having released all their albums independently through their own Red Ambulance record label, as well as setting up Punk Safari, their own touring company.

## History

Fuzigish was officially formed in 1997 with Jay Bones (Jean-Pierre du Preez) on guitar and vocals, Capt. Rudabar (Mike Martin) on Drums, Alistair Crouch on Guitars & Matt 'Loppy' Laubscher on bass. During this period the band released the How Rude! E.P. containing the songs "Louise", "How Rude!", "Drivin'" & "No.17" amongst others. These early years culminated in headlining slot at Oppikoppi in 1998.
The band toured extensively across South Africa & Europe in 2003. After an August 2003 tour in Australia with Fat Wreck Chords band Frenzal Rhomb, 2005–2012 was Fuzigish's most stable period and saw the release of the album "Roll With The Punches" with Ampie Omo joining the line-up between from late 2006–2010 on trumpets and percussion. The album featured guest spots from Joey Cape & Fokofpolisiekar. During this period they featured in the 2007 'Footskating 101' Film Soundtrack directed by Thomas Ferreira and Brendan Jack.
In 2011 the band released the 25-track album "Setlist" which featured two new songs, and 23 songs from all four previous albums that were played at live shows, hence the title. Also in 2011, they featured in the musical/cultural documentary Punk in Africa directed by Deon Maas and Keith Jones.
Other notable international bands that Fuzigish has shared the stage with include the Violent Femmes, Q and Not U, The Selecter & New Model Army.

## Members

* Jay Bones - Vocals, Guitar
* Chest Rockwell - Vocals, Bass
* Big Willy - Trombone, Backing Vocals
* Tom Hughes - Drums

## Discography

* Skankers Union (2000)
* Southern Ska Stomper (2002)
* Exploited and Distorted (2004)
* Roll With The Punches (2007)
* Setlist (2011)
* Crazy Friends (2013)
* The Flaming Funnels of Fuzi (2020) - live album
* FUZIGISH (2022)
# Lost Worlds (Carter short story collection)

Lost Worlds is a collectionfantasy short stories edited by American writer Lin Carter. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in 1980. It was reissued in hardcover and paperback by Wildside Press in May 2008, and in ebook by Gateway/Orion in May 2020. The book collects eight stories by Carter, including three started by other writers and completed by Carter. It uses the subject of such "lost worlds" as Atlantis, Mu, Valusia, and other "sunken continents beyond memory," together with an introduction and afterword by the author.

## Contents

* "The Scroll of Morloc" (by Clark Ashton Smith, completed by Carter)
* "The Stairs in the Crypt" (by Clark Ashton Smith, completed by Carter)
* "The Thing in the Pit"
* "Thieves of Zangabal"
* "Keeper of the Emerald Flame"
* "Riders Beyond the Sunrise" (by Robert E. Howard, completed by Caerter)
* "The Twelve Wizards of Ong"
* "The Seal of Zaon Sathla"

## Reception

The book was reviewed by Mark Willard in Science Fiction Review, Spring 1983.
# Blancan

The Blancan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 4,750,000 to 1,806,000 years BP, a period of 2.944 million years. It is usually considered to start in the early-mid Pliocene Epoch and end by the early Pleistocene. The Blancan is preceded by the Hemphillian and followed by the Irvingtonian NALMA stages.
As usually defined, it corresponds to the mid-Zanclean through Piacenzian and Gelasian stages in Europe and Asia. In California, the Blancan roughly corresponds to the mid-Delmontian through Repettian and Venturian to the very early Wheelerian. The Australian contemporary stages are the mid-Cheltenhamian through Kalimnan and Yatalan. In New Zealand, the Opoitian starts at roughly the same time and the Blancan is further coeval with the Waipipian and Mangapanian stages to the early Nukumaruan. Finally, in Japan the Blancan starts coeval with the late Yuian, runs alongside the Totomian and Suchian and ends soon after the start of the Kechienjian.

## Dating issues

The start date of the Blancan has not been fully established. There is general agreement that it is between 4.9 and 4.3 mya (million years ago). The often-cited GeoWhen database places it at 4.75 mya.
There is even stronger disagreement about the end of the Blancan. Some stratigraphers argue for the 1.808 mya date that corresponds better with the end of the Pliocene and the start of the Pleistocene (1.808 mya). This conforms with the extinction of Borophagus, Hypolagus, Paenemarmota, Plesippus, Nannippus, and Rhynchotherium faunal assemblage between 2.2 and 1.8 mya. Other paleontologists find continuity of the faunal assemblages well into the Pleistocene, and argue for an end date of 1.2 mya. This corresponds with the extinction of stegomastodons and related species and the appearance of mammoths in southern North America.

## Fauna

The middle of the Blancan, about 2.7 mya, is when the land bridge connection between North and South America was reestablished and taxa like sloths and glyptodonts appeared in North America at the height of the Great American Interchange.
# Luca Moro

Luca Moro may refer to:
* Luca Moro (racing driver)
* Luca Moro (footballer)
# Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority

The Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) is the independent statutory authority responsible for the development of a national curriculum, a national assessment program, and a national data collection and reporting program that supports learning for Australian students.
ACARA's work is carried out in collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders, including teachers, principals, governments, State and Territory education authorities, professional education associations, community groups and the general public. It was established in 2008 by an Act of the Australian Federal Parliament. The authority is also responsible for the My School website and NAPLAN testing.
# Judith Wright (disambiguation)

Judith Wright (1915–2000) was an Australian poet, environmentalist and campaigner for Aboriginal land rights.
Judith Wright may also refer to:
* Judith Wright (artist) (born 1945), Australian painter, videomaker, sculptor, printmaker
* Judy Wright (born 1956), Canadian former swimmer
# First Baptist Academy

First Baptist Academy may refer to:
* First Baptist Academy of Dallas, Texas, United States
* First Baptist Academy (Houston, Texas), United States
# Litobothriidea

Litobothriidea is a monotypic order of Cestoda (tapeworms). It contains only the monotypic family Litobothriidae, which includes only the genus Litobothrium. Members of this order are gut parasites of lamniform sharks.
# Frederik Schwarz

Frederik Schwarz (1753-1838) was a Danish actor. He was an elite actor of the Royal Danish Theatre from 1773 to 1810. He played roles in both comedy and tragedy and had a great impact on the contemporary acting tradition in Denmark when forming the new organisation of the theater, as the founder and manager of the Det Dramatiske Selskab from 1775 to 1778 and as the theater's acting instructor from 1779 to 1816.
# Frank Murphy Birthplace

The Frank Murphy Birthplace, located at 142 S. Huron St. in Harbor Beach, Michigan, is the birthplace of U.S. Supreme Court justice and Michigan governor Frank Murphy. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1971. The City of Harbor Beach operates the Frank Murphy Memorial Museum in the home.

## History

The Frank Murphy Birthplace house was built in the 1870s. The house was later owned by John F. Murphy, Frank's father, who used one wing of it as a law office. Frank Murphy was born in the home on April 13, 1890. The family later moved into a larger house next door, which is also part of the Frank Murphy Memorial Museum.
The Murphy family owned both houses until 1994, when the state of Michigan and the city of Harbor Beach put up money to purchase the property. The city obtained full ownership, and opened up the house as a museum. The museum is open for tours from Memorial Day to Labor Day.

## Description

The house is a 1 ½-story frame building with clapboard siding and a gable roof. The upper windows are double-hung, six-over-six units. A small, single-story wing is attached to the side, which was used as a law office by John F. Murphy, Frank's father. The interior has a simple four-room layout, and contains a number of furnishings originally owned by the Murphy family.
# Fuzhulei Ruodi

Fuzhulei Ruodi (Chinese: 復株絫若鞮; fl. 31 BC - died 20 BC), born Diaotaomogao, was a Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire, the son and successor of Huhanye. He ruled the Xiongnu Empire from 31 BC to 20 BC. Fuzhulei kept the peace with the Han dynasty and visited Chang'an in 25 BC. He died in 20 BC and was succeeded by his brother Jumixu, the Souxie Chanyu.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Loewe 2000, p. 491.