OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# JS Shimayuki

JS Shimayuki (DD-133/TV-3513) was a Hatsuyuki-class destroyer of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force.

## Development and design

Adopting Japan's first all-gas turbine engine (COGOG), equipped with well-balanced weapons such as helicopters, C4I systems, and various missiles, it is inferior to western frigates at that time. It has been evaluated as a non-escort ship. Twelve ships were built as first-generation general-purpose escort vessels in the era of eight ships and eight aircraft, they supported the escort fleet for a long time, but now they are gradually retiring due to aging.
In addition, there are many changes to training ships, and up to three ships have been operated in the training fleet as Shimayuki-class training ships, but the decline has begun with the conversion of Hatakaze-class destroyers to training ships.
The core of the combat system is the OYQ-5 Tactical Data Processing System (TDPS), composed of one AN/UYK-20 computer and five OJ-194B workstations and capable of receiving data automatically from other ships via Link-14 (STANAG 5514).
This is the first destroyer class in the JMSDF equipped with the Sea Sparrow Improved basic point defense missile system. The IBPDMS of this class uses FCS-2 fire-control systems of Japanese make and one octuple launcher at the afterdeck. And in the JMSDF, OTO Melara 76 mm compact gun and Boeing Harpoon surface-to-surface missile are adopted from the ship of FY1977 including this class. Also, ships built in FY1979 and beyond carried Phalanx CIWS and were retrofitted to previous ships.

## Construction and career

Shimayuki was laid down on 8 May 1984 and launched on 29 January 1986 at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shipyard in Tokyo. She commissioned on 18 February 1987. In 1990, she participated in Exercise RIMPAC 1990.
On 22 March 2013, the first female captain of the Maritime Self-Defense Force as a training ship was appointed as the training ship Setoyuki. At around 20:50 on June 11, the same year, it was reported that there was a danger of collision when approaching a car carrier (26,651 tons) that was facing the Kanmon Straits (off the coast of Mutsure Island, Shimonoseki City) while sailing toward Sasebo Base.

## Gallery

* JS Shimayuki and JS Setoyuki at Hashin Base on 20 July 2013.
* JS Shimayuki and JS Setoyuki at Kure on 23 November 2016.
* JS Shimayuki, Setoyuki and Yamayuki on 31 May 2019.
* JS Shimayuki at Marine United Kure Shipyard on 20 October 2019.
# JS Shirayuki

JS Shirayuki (DD-123/TV-3517) was a Hatsuyuki-class destroyer of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. The ship was commissioned in 1982.

## Design

The Hatsuyuki class were designed as multi-purpose ships, with a balanced armament and sensor fit, so that the ships could carry out anti-submarine and anti-surface ship operations while being capable of defending themselves against air attack. A hangar and flight deck are carried for a single helicopter, which was initially the Mitsubishi HSS-2, a license-built Sikorsky Sea King, later replaced by Mitsubishi H-60s (licensed Sikorsky S-70s), with the Canadian Beartrap haul-down system fitted to ease operations of large helicopters. An octuple Mk 112 launcher for ASROC anti-submarine missiles is fitted forward, while additional close-in anti-submarine armament is provided by two triple 324 mm torpedo-tubes for Mark 46 anti-submarine torpedoes. The initial anti-aircraft armament consisted of a Sea Sparrow surface-to-air missile launcher aft, with an OTO Melara 76 mm gun forward. Eight Harpoon anti-ship missiles are carried in two quadruple mounts abaft the ship's funnel.

## Construction and career

Shirayuki was ordered as part of the Japan Self-Defense Forces 1978 defense estimates as the second ship of the Hatsuyuki class, and was laid down at Hitachi's Maizuru shipyard on 3 December 1979. The ship was launched on 4 August 1981, and commissioned on 8 February 1983.
On 8 July 2013, Shirayuki, JS Kashima and JS Isoyuki were anchored at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. From 22 to 25 July, they left for a visit to Portsmouth, United Kingdom. After leaving Portsmouth, they sailed for Gdańsk Bay, Poland on 6 August then on 20 August, Brest, France. All three Japanese ships later made a four-day trip to Da Nang, Vietnam, was made on 21 October for the 40th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two countries. On 25 November, they passed the Kiel Canal in Germany.
On 16 February 2015, Shirayuki, JS Matsuyuki and JS Yūgiri made a goodwill visit to Muara Port, Brunei Darussalam.
Shirayuki was decommissioned on 27 April 2016.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 228.
* 1 2 Saunders 2002, p. 385.
* ↑ Moore 1985, p. 289.
* ↑ Mac (8 July 2013). "Shipfax: Japanese defence force training vessels". Shipfax. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
* ↑ "Embassy of Japan in the UK". uk.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
* ↑ "JS Shirayuki TV3517 - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". shipspotting.com. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
* ↑ 12Go. "Japanese training ships came to Vietnam News". 12go.asia. Retrieved 2 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* ↑ "JS Shirayuki TV3517 - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". shipspotting.com. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
* ↑ Brunei Darussalam, Ministry of Defence (16 February 2015). "JAPAN MILITARY SHIPS GOODWILL VISIT TO BRUNEI". Ministry of Defence Brunei Darussalam. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
# Land equivalent ratio

The land equivalent ratio is a concept in agriculture that describes the relative land area required under sole cropping (monoculture) to produce the same yield as under intercropping (polyculture).

## Definition

The FAO defines land equivalent ratio (LER) as:
   the ratio of the area under sole cropping to the area under intercropping needed to give equal amounts of yield at the same management level. It is the sum of the fractions of the intercropped yields divided by the sole-crop yields.
For a scenario where a total of $\textstyle m$ crops are intercropped, the land equivalent ratio LER can be calculated as
    $LER=\sum _{i=1}^{m}{\frac {IY_{i}}{SY_{i}}}$
where $\textstyle m$ is the number of different crops intercropped, $\textstyle IY_{i}$ is the yield for the $\textstyle i^{th}$ crop under intercropping, and $\textstyle SY_{i}$ is the yield for the $\textstyle i^{th}$ crop under a sole-crop regime on the same area.

## Example calculation

The table in this section provides yield values for a hypothetical scenario intercropping a grain crop with a fruit tree crop.
The first two columns state the yields for intercropping (IY) and sole yields (SY). The third column, equivalent area, column calculates the area of sole cropping land required to achieve the same yield as 1 ha of intercropping, at the same management level.
| Crop | Intercropped Yield IY (kg/ha) | Sole Yield SY (kg/ha) | Equivalent area (ha) |
| Grain | 4,000 | 5,000 | 0.8 |
| Fruit | 9,000 | 15,000 | 0.6 |
| Land equivalent ratio | Land equivalent ratio | Land equivalent ratio | 1.4 |
The land equivalent ration can be calculated as
    $LER=\sum _{i=1}^{m}{\frac {IY_{i}}{SY_{i}}}={\frac {IY_{grain}}{SY_{grain}}}+{\frac {IY_{fruit}}{SY_{fruit}}}={\frac {4,000}{5,000}}+{\frac {9,000}{15,000}}=0.8+0.6=1.4$
An interpretation of this result would be that a total of 1.4 ha of sole cropping area would be required to produce the same yields as 1 ha of the intercropped system.

## Applications

The land equivalent ratio can be used whenever more than one type of yield can be obtained from the same area. This can be intercropping of annual crops (e.g. sorghum and pigeonpea) or combination of annual and perennial crops e.g. in agroforestry systems (e.g. jackfruit and eggplant).
It is also possible to calculate LERs for combinations of plant and non-plant yields, e.g. in agrivoltaic systems.
The table below lists some examples for land equivalent ratios published in scientific journals:
| Crops | Country/region | LER |
| eggplant, jackfruit | Bangladesh | 2.17 |
| cocoa, coconut | Mexico | 1.36 |
| solar electricity, maize | Italy | 1.23 - 2.05 |
| ginger, maize, soybean | Nepal | 2.45 |
| maize, cowpea | Nepal | 1.58 |
| millet, soybean | Nepal | 1.40 |
# Duncan Campbell (Unionist politician)

Duncan Frederick Campbell DSO (28 April 1876 Simcoe, Ontario, Canada – 4 September 1916) was a Canadian-born British politician and soldier. He served as a Unionist Member of Parliament for North Ayrshire and died while fighting in World War I.

## Life

Campbell was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Lancashire Fusiliers on 23 November 1898, followed by promotion to lieutenant on 27 September 1899. He served with the 2nd Battalion of his regiment in the Second Boer War 1899–1901, including as part of the Ladysmith Relief Force, and was slightly wounded at the engagement at Venters Spruit (20 January 1900), for which he was created a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). He was promoted captain, 5 October 1901.
Campbell fought Mid Lanarkshire for the Conservatives in 1906. Campbell entered the House of Commons at a by-election, 20 December 1911, defeating Andrew Macbeth Anderson QC, who sought re-election on being appointed Solicitor General for Scotland. Anderson, in accordance with the constitutional arrangements of the day, was obliged to resign as an MP and fight a by-election on being appointed a law officer of the Crown. The contest was dominated by the government's legislation on National Insurance and the uncertainties this legislation would produce for individual electors, particularly those of small manufacturers and shopkeepers. Although there was no Labour candidate, Anderson was thought to have lost some support among working-class voters because of his opposition to Labour candidates in other recent elections. After a tight contest, Campbell captured the seat by a majority of 271 votes.
He was wounded at the first battle of Ypres in November 1914 while serving with the Black Watch; he lost his left arm and was invalided for a year. As a lieutenant colonel in the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, commanding 2nd/7th Bn, he was wounded by a mine on the Western Front and died of his wounds at Southwold, Suffolk on 4 September 1916. He is buried in Kilmarnock Cemetery, Ayrshire. Campbell is commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs that died during World War I to be named on that memorial. Campbell is one of 19 MPs who fell in the war who are commemorated by heraldic shields in the Commons Chamber. A further act of commemoration came with the unveiling in 1932 of a manuscript-style illuminated book of remembrance for the House of Commons, which includes a short biographical account of the life and death of Campbell.
# Duncan Cameron (shinty player)

Duncan Cameron is an administrator and ex-player in the sport of shinty. He is a three times past president of the sport's governing body, the Camanachd Association.

## Playing career

Cameron was a player for Ballachulish before moving to Glasgow and playing for several clubs in Glasgow.

## Involvement in shinty politics

Cameron, alongside his brother Iain, was instrumental in bringing about changes in shinty in the 1970s and early 1980s through public forums and reports.
After holding various positions in the Glasgow Celtic Society, Cameron was elected President of the Camanachd Association in 1994, a position he held until 2000. In this time he brought about the establishment of a National Premier Division and National Division One and was also re-elected.
He was elected in 2007 to succeed John Mackenzie. His third term of presidency was marked by varying levels of controversy. He stepped down in 2011 to be replaced by Archie Robertson.

## Personal life

Cameron is married to Liz Cameron, former Lord Provost of Glasgow.
# Lancelot (opera)

Lancelot is a 1900 opera by Victorin de Joncières to a libretto by Louis Gallet and Édouard Blau. Dedicated to his wife, the opera premiered on 7 February 1900 at the Académie Nationale de Musique, Paris. A revival is scheduled for May 2022 at the Opéra de Saint-Étienne[fr], conducted by Hervé Niquet.
# Vanjiar River

Vanjiar River is a branch river of Cauvery River. It flows through the districts of Thanjavur and Karaikal. This river finally merges with Arasalar River.
# Jim Roach

Jim or James Roach may refer to:
* Jim Roach (footballer) (1864–1955), English footballer
* Jim Roach (producer) (born 1977), American producer and songwriter
* James Terry Roach (1960–1986), executed by the state of South Carolina
# LIB

LIB may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Label Information Base, a software table in networking routers
* Library (computing), a collection of permanent programming resources
* Lithium-ion battery, a type of, usually secondary, electrical battery

## Other uses

* Lebanon, former IOC country code (1964-2016; now LBN)
* Lëvizja për Integrim dhe Bashkim (Movement for Integration and Unification), a political party in Kosovo
* Libya, UNDP country code
* Lightning in a Bottle, a music festival in Southern California
* Long Island Bus, now called Nassau Inter-County Express
* International School of Boston (Lycée International de Boston)
# Runcu Mare

Runcu Mare may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Runcu Mare, a village in Lelese Commune, Hunedoara County
* Runcu Mare, a village in Grădinari Commune, Olt County
# Birjia language

The Birjia language, also known as Binjhia or Bijori, is a language of India. It is commonly assumed to be a Munda language closely related to the Asuri language. However, Anderson, based on Prasad (1961:314), suggests that Birjia (Binjhia) may be an Indo-Aryan language, although the Birjia are a tribe of the Asuri nation. The latter include the Asur and the Agariya.

## Distribution

Birjia is spoken in:
* Jharkhand: Lohardaga district and Ranchi district
* West Bengal: Darjeeling district and Jalpaiguri district
* Madhya Pradesh
* Odisha
# Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse

Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse is an 1800 book that gives an account of the 1791-1793 d'Entrecasteaux expedition to Australasia. The title refers to the search for La Pérouse, who disappeared in the region in 1788, a popular, though unsuccessful, object of the mission. Many of the discoveries made by the scientists attached to the expedition were published in the two volumes. The author, Jacques Labillardière, was a French botanist on the voyage, engaged to collect and describe the flora of the continent. The work includes some of the earliest descriptions of Australian flora and fauna, and an account of the indigenous peoples of Tasmania.
The work also contains the second ever description of an Australian spider, the species Trichonephila edulis. Labillardière also describes seeing a dog-sized animal, and discovering the remains of a carnivorous animal, what is considered to be the first European report of a thylacine. The author of the first description, George Harris, cites this work in an 1804 letter regarding rumours of such an animal.
Labillardière's work was published in two volumes, becoming very popular and translated into English in the same year; Voyage in search of La Pérouse (four editions) was issued by John Stockdale with similar success. The contents include his description of the journey, an atlas, and illustrations of ethnographic and natural history subjects. The work is noted for its early botanical illustrations of Redouté, birds by Jean-Baptiste Audebert, and engravings produced from the surviving illustrations of Piron.
The first description of a West Australian eucalypt, Eucalyptus cornuta, and the widely cultivated Eucalyptus globulus are amongst the newly discovered species and genera of flora. Those discovered while anchored at Observatory Island, Esperance Bay, include Banksia nivea, Banksia repens, Anigozanthus rufus and Chorizema ilicifolia. The botanical descriptions were based on the extensive collections made by Labillardière during the expedition's stop at Esperance Bay, and the two visits to Tasmania. The abbreviation Voy.Rech.Perouse is used to refer to this work in botanical literature.
The book was published during a time of great interest in the flora of Australia. It was preceded by A specimen of the botany of New Holland (1793–1795), the first book devoted to the subject. The botanist Robert Brown took a copy of this work on his journey to Australia in 1801, enquiring in his letters home as to whether Labillardière had published his flora. This anticipated work, Labillardière's Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen (1804–1806), was published before Brown's more comprehensive Prodromus.
This work preceded Rossel's English publication of the d’Entrecasteaux journal, Voyage de d’Entrecasteaux envoyage à la recherche de La Pérouse, by nine years.
# Tiger Tateishi

Tiger Tateishi (タイガー立石) (December 20, 1941 - April 17, 1998), pen name of Kōichi Tateishi (Tateishi Kōichi (立石紘一) was a Japanese painter, mangaka, picture book artist, and ceramic artist.

## Biography & personal profile

Tateishi was born in the town of Ida in Chikuho (now Tagawa City, Fukuoka Prefecture). He spent his boyhood during the period of postwar reconstruction and rapid economic growth, surrounded by movies and Showa-era songs. He began his artistic activities when he entered Musashino Art University and moved to Tokyo. At first, he worked under his real name and made his debut at the Yomiuri Indépendant Exhibition in 1963.
He formed the Sightseeing Art Research Institute (Kanko Geijutsu Kyokai (観光芸術協会) " with painter Hiroshi Nakamura, and although the group disbanded after only two years, he and Nakamura created an era with their avant-garde style and activities (such as street walking exhibitions in which they held up their own works amidst the crowds). Tateishi in this period is regarded as a pioneer of Japanese pop art.
In 1965, he began writing manga under the pen name Tiger Tateishi and began to write a series of nonsense manga. He left many gag-style works influenced by Fujio Akatsuka, with whom he had a close relationship in both public and private life. His pen name "Tiger" comes from the fact that he was born in the Year of the Tiger, and many of his works of art during his lifetime were based on the tiger motif.
In March 1969, he and his wife moved to Milan, Italy. Tateishi declared: "A change of environment is what stimulates my creativity. Tateishi's stance, "I refuse to settle down in one place and be satisfied with the status quo," remained his motto until the end of his life. Tateishi lived and worked in Europe for a total of 13 years, including time spent outside of Italy. During this time in Italy, Tateishi presented his panel-split paintings (in which he brought not only the panel layout of manga but also the storyline), and he also gained experience in architecture, design, and illustration, both fine art and commercial. In 1971, he was enrolled at the design institute of Ettore Sottsass under Olivetti.
He returned to Japan in 1982. In 1985, he resumed his activities based in Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, and published paintings and ceramics under the name Tateishi Taigaa (立石大河亞) and manga and picture books under the name Tiger Tateishi In the 1990s, he started ceramic sculpture and in 1995 moved his studio and residence to Yoro Gorge
In April 1998, he died of lung cancer at the age of 56.
# Ferenc Szedlacsek

Ferenc Szedlacsek, also known as František Sedláček, (10 October 1898 – 14 November 1973) was a footballer who played international football for both Czechoslovakia and Hungary. He played as a midfielder for DFC Prag, Brooklyn Wanderers and Ferencváros.
He later had a long career as a coach in Czechoslovakia.
# Roanoke High School

Roanoke High School could refer to:
* Roanoke High School (Illinois) — a public school in Roanoke, Woodford County, Illinois, also known as Roanoke Victory High School or Roanoke Township High School, and consolidated with Benson High School in 1957 to form Roanoke-Benson High School
* Roanoke High School (Indiana) — a school in Roanoke, Huntington County, Indiana
* Roanoke High School (North Carolina) — a public school in Robersonville, Martin County, North Carolina, consolidated with Bear Grass High School in 2010 to form South Creek High School
* Roanoke High School (Virginia) - a public school in Roanoke, Virginia, open from 1898 to 1924
# Robert Alain

Robert Alain may refer to:
* Robert Alaine (1558–1603), held an office under a nobleman in the time of Queen Elizabeth
* Alain Robert (born 1962), French climber
* Alain M. Robert (born 1941), mathematician
# James Spaight (sport shooter)

James Seymour Spaight (1936-2011) was a British sports shooter.

## Shooting career

Spaight represented England and won a bronze medal in the fullbore rifle Queens Prize, at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand. Four years later he represented England and won a silver medal in the fullbore rifle Queens Prize, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
He won over 20 individual major Bisley trophies.
# Ferdinand Vetter

Ferdinand Vetter (3 February 1847, in Osterfingen – 6 August 1924, in St. George's Abbey, Stein am Rhein) was a Swiss Germanist and medievalist.
In 1866–68 He studied under philologist Wilhelm Wackernagel and historian Jacob Burckhardt at the University of Basel, then continued his education at the universities of Berlin and Göttingen. Following graduation, he taught classes at the cantonal school in Chur, and from 1874 worked as a schoolteacher in Aarau. In 1876 he became an associate professor at the University of Bern, where in 1886 he was appointed professor of German philology. In 1909/10 he served as university rector.
In 1891 he founded the magazine Schweizerische Rundschau, of which he worked as editor until 1897. He is credited with the restoration of Sankt-Georgen monastery at Stein am Rhein, which had been taken over by his father.

## Selected works

* Zum Muspilli und zur germanischen Allitterationspoesie, 1872 – On Muspilli and Germanic alliteration poetry.
* Ueber die sage von der herkunft der Schwyzer und Oberhasler aus Schweden und Friesland, 1877 – On the legend of the origin of the Schwyz and Oberhasli from Sweden and Friesland.
* Das Sankt-Georgen-Kloster in Stein am Rhein, 1884 – St. George's monastery in Stein am Rhein.
* Das Schachzabelbuch Kunrats von Ammenhausen, 1892 – The chessbook of Konrad von Ammenhausen.
* Die neuentdeckte deutsche Bibeldichtung des neunten Jahrhunderts, 1885 – A newly discovered German bibliography of the 9th century.
* Jeremias Gotthelf: Volksausgabe seiner Werke im Urtext (10 volumes, 1898) – Jeremias Gotthelf; edition of his works in the original text.
# Fernwood

Fernwood may refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Fernwood, Greater Victoria, a neighbourhood of Victoria, British Columbia
* Fernwood, Halifax, a Gothic Revival–style villa designated as a National Historic Site of Canada

### South Africa

* Fernwood, a suburb in Somerset West

### United Kingdom

* Fernwood, Nottinghamshire, a parish in Newark and Sherwood District

### United States of America

* Fernwood, California (disambiguation), multiple locations
* Fernwood, Idaho
* Fernwood, Chicago, Illinois
* Fernwood, Mississippi
* Fernwood Botanical Garden and Nature Preserve, Niles, Michigan
* Fernwood, New Jersey
* Fernwood, Ohio

## Other uses

* Fernwood Publishing, a book publishing company specialising in books about left-wing politics
* Fernwood 2Nite, a comedic television program from 1977