# Keredari (community development block)

Keredari is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Hazaribagh Sadar subdivision of Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Overview

Hazaribagh district is spread over a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The central plateau, averaging a height of 2,000 ft (610 m), occupies the central part of the district. On all sides, except on the western side, it is surrounded by the lower plateau, averaging a height of 1,300 ft (396 m), the surface being undulating. In the north and the north-west the lower plateau forms a fairly level tableland till the ghats, when the height drops to about 700 ft (213 m) and slopes down gradually. The Damodar and the Barakar form the two main watersheds in the district. DVC has constructed the Konar Dam across the Konar River. It is a forested district with cultivation as the main occupation of the people. Coal is the main mineral found in this district. China clay is also found in this district. Inaugurating the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in 2016, Raghubar Das, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 lakh BPL families in Jharkhand. There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.

## Maoist activities

Right from its inception in 2000. Jharkhand was a “laboratory” for Naxalites to experiment with their ideas of establishing a parallel government. As of 2005, 16 of the 22 districts in the state, including Hazaribagh district, was transformed into a “guerrilla zone”. The movement was not restricted to armed operations but included kangaroo courts called Jan Adalats, elected village bodies and people's police. Jharkhand, with a dense forest cover over a large part of the state, offers a favourable terrain for the Naxalites to build their bases and operate. Annual fatalities in Jharkhand were 117 in 2003 and 150 in 2004. In 2013 Jharkhand was considered one of the two states in the country most affected by Left wing extremism and Jharkhand police set up an exclusive cell to deal with Maoist activities. However, in the same year, when Jharkhand police identified 13 focus areas for combating Maoist extremism, Hazaribagh district was not one of them.

## Geography

Keredari is located at 23°51′27″N 85°5′26″E﻿ / ﻿23.85750°N 85.09056°E﻿ / 23.85750; 85.09056. It has an average altitude of 447 m.
Keredari CD block is bounded by Simaria CD block, in Chatra district, on the north, Barkagaon CD block on the east, Khelari CD block, in Ranchi district, on the south and Tandwa CD block, in Chatra district, on the west.
Keredari CD block has an area of 354.87 km$^2$. As of 2011, Keredari CD block had 16 gram panchayats, 72 inhabited villages and no census town. Keredari police station serves this CD block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Keredari.

## Demographics
### Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Keredari CD block had a total population of 91,357, all of which were rural. There were 46,827 (51%) males and 44,530 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 14,823. Scheduled Castes numbered 20,401 (22.33%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 5,362 (5.87%).
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Keredari CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Beltu (4,309), Garri Kalan (5,746), Peto (5,054).
Other villages in Keredari CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Keredari (3,693)

### Literacy

As of 2011 census, the total number of literates in Keredari CD block was 49,012 (64.04% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 29,327 (74.69% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 19,685 (52.82% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 21.87%.
As of 2011 census, literacy in Hazaribagh district was 70.48%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.
See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
* Literacy in CD Blocks of Hazaribagh district
* Barhi subdivision
* Chauparan – 69.41%
* Barhi – 68.39%
* Padma – 68.90%
* Barkatha – 61.44%
* Chalkusha – 67.13%
* Hazaribagh Sadar subdivision
* Ichak – 71.87%
* Tati Jhariya – 60.68%
* Daru – 71.08%
* Bishnugarh – 62.04%
* Sadar, Hazaribagh – 77.56%
* Katkamsandi – 67.38%
* Katkamdag – 69.97%
* Keredari – 64.04%
* Barkagaon – 65.44%
* Churchu – 67.97%
* Dadi – 70.26%
* Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

### Language and religion

Religions in Keredari CD block (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 86.66% | 86.66% |
| Islam | Islam | 11.25% | 11.25% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 1.10% | 1.10% |
| Sarna | Sarna | 0.95% | 0.95% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.04% | 0.04% |
In 2011, 79,171 (86.66%) of the population was Hindu, 10,278 (11.25%) Muslim, 1,004 (1.10%) Christian. Other religions were 904 (0.99%).
Languages of Keredari CD block (2011)
At the time of the 2011 census, 80.68% of the population spoke Khortha, 15.35% Hindi, 1.56% Kurukh and 1.18% Urdu as their first language.

## Rural poverty

40-50% of the population of Hazaribagh district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Godda, Giridih and Koderma districts. Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.

## Economy
### Livelihood

Livelihood in Keredari CD block
In Keredari CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 13,648 and formed 33.84%, agricultural labourers numbered 21,767 and formed 53.97%, household industry workers numbered 404 and formed 1.00% and other workers numbered 4,513 and formed 11.19%. Total workers numbered 40,332 and formed 44.15% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 51,025 and formed 55.85% of the population.
Note: In the census records, a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

### Infrastructure

There are 72 inhabited villages in Keredari CD block. In 2011, 41 villages had power supply. No village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 72 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 65 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 16 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephones (land lines) and 48 villages had mobile phone coverage. 75 villages had pucca (hard top) village roads, 12 villages had bus service (public/ private), 4 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 32 villages had tractors. 15 villages had bank branches, 7 villages had agricultural credit societies, no village had cinema/ video hall, no village had public library and public reading room. 31 villages had public distribution system, 6 villages had weekly haat (market) and 41 villages had assembly polling stations.

### Forestry and agriculture

The main occupation of the people of Hazaribagh district is cultivation. While forests occupy around 45% of the total area, the cultivable area forms about 39% of the total area. The forests are uniformly spread across the district. Sal is the predominant species in the jungles. Other species are: bamboo, khair, sali, semal, mahua, tamarind, mango, black-berry (jamun), peepal, karnaj, jack-fruit, margosa (neem), kusum, palas, kend, asan, piar and bhelwa. Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is located around 19 km north of Hazaribag. Irrigation facilities in this hilly area are inadequate and generally farmers depend on rain for their cultivation. The land situated along the river banks, or low land, is fertile but the uplands are generally barren. May to October is Kharif season, followed by Rabi season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are: bazra, maize, pulses (mainly arhar and gram) and oilseeds. Limited quantities of cash crops, such as sugar cane, are grown.

### Coal mining

With large coal deposits in the Barkagaon and Charhi areas of North Karanpura Coalfield, coal mining is becoming a major employment provider in Hazaribagh district.
Projects in the Hazaribag Area of Central Coalfields are: Parej East OC, Kedla UG, Kedla OC, Tapin OC, Jharkhand OC, Kedla Washery and Regional R/Workshop.
As of 2020, as per a newspaper report, Central Coalfields has initiated steps for acquisition of 3331.50 acres of land in 7 villages (6 in Keredari CD block in Hazaribagh district and 1 in Tandwa CD block in Chatra district) for the Chandragupta open cast project in the Amrapali & Chandragupta Area of CCL. The announcement is being made in the villages with the beating of drums. Quoting company officials, the report says that the area has reserves of 600 million tonnes of coal, and annual production target for Chandragupta OCP is 20 million tonnes.
National Thermal Power Corporation is involved in a big way in mining coal in the area.
NTPC is constructing the 3 X 660 MW North Karanpura Thermal Power Station at Tandwa in Chatra district and coal for the plant would go from adjacent Barkagaon CD block and Keredari CD block.

### Backward Regions Grant Fund

Hazaribagh district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

## Transport

State Highway 7 (Jharkhand) passes through this block.

## Education

In 2011, amongst the 72 inhabited villages in Keredari CD block, 14 villages had no primary school, 47 villages had one primary school and 11 villages had more than one primary school. 30 villages had at least one primary school and one middle school. 8 villages had at least one middle school and one secondary school.

## Healthcare

In 2011, amongst the 72 inhabited villages in Keredari CD block, 1 village had community health centre, 8 villages had primary health centres, 4 villages had primary health sub-centres, 6 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village had a TB Clinic, 3 villages had allopathic hospitals, 3 villages had veterinary hospitals, 10 villages had medicine shops and 54 villages had no medical facilities.