OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sequencing by ligation

Sequencing by ligation is a DNA sequencing method that uses the enzyme DNA ligase to identify the nucleotide present at a given position in a DNA sequence. Unlike most currently popular DNA sequencing methods, this method does not use a DNA polymerase to create a second strand. Instead, the mismatch sensitivity of a DNA ligase enzyme is used to determine the underlying sequence of the target DNA molecule.

## Process

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins together ends of DNA molecules. Although commonly represented as joining two pairs of ends at once, as in the ligation of restriction enzyme fragments, ligase can also join the ends on only one of the two strands (for example, when the other strand is already continuous or lacks a terminal phosphate necessary for ligation). DNA ligase is sensitive to the structure of DNA and has very low efficiency when there are mismatches between the bases of the two strands.
Sequencing by ligation relies upon the sensitivity of DNA ligase for base-pairing mismatches. The target molecule to be sequenced is a single strand of unknown DNA sequence, flanked on at least one end by a known sequence. A short "anchor" strand is brought in to bind the known sequence.
A mixed pool of probe oligonucleotides is then brought in (eight or nine bases long), labeled (typically with fluorescent dyes) according to the position that will be sequenced. These molecules hybridize to the target DNA sequence, next to the anchor sequence, and DNA ligase preferentially joins the molecule to the anchor when its bases match the unknown DNA sequence. Based on the fluorescence produced by the molecule, one can infer the identity of the nucleotide at this position in the unknown sequence.
The oligonucleotide probes may also be constructed with cleavable linkages which can be cleaved after identifying the label. This will both remove the label and regenerate a 5' phosphate on the end of the ligated probe, preparing the system for another round of ligation. This cycle can be repeated several times to read longer sequences. This sequences every Nth base, where N is the length of the probe left behind after cleavage. To sequence the skipped positions, the anchor and ligated oligonucleotides may be stripped off the target DNA sequence, and another round of sequencing by ligation started with an anchor one or more bases shorter.
A simpler, albeit more limited, technique is to do repeated rounds of a single ligation where the label corresponds to different position in the probe, followed by stripping the anchor and ligated probe.
Sequencing by ligation can proceed in either direction (either 5'-3' or 3'-5') depending on which end of the probe oligonucleotides are blocked by the label. The 3'-5' direction is more efficient for doing multiple cycles of ligation. Note that this is the opposite direction to polymerase based sequencing methods.

## Limitations

This sequencing by ligation method has been reported to have problems sequencing palindromic sequences.
# Böhmenkirch

Böhmenkirch is a municipality in the district of Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## History

Böhmenkirch became a possession of the Electorate of Bavaria in 1806 after it annexed Rechberg and Rothenlöwen, but was in 1810 ceded to the Kingdom of Württemberg. The town was assigned to Oberamt Geislingen [de] until its dissolution in 1938, which resulted in Böhmenkirch being assigned to the district of Göppingen. Böhmenkirch began a period of urban growth after World War II. By the end of the 1960s, there were two new residential areas at the southern edge of the town. An industrial zone was established to the north in the 1970s. Böhmenkirch incorporated the municipalities of Treffelhausen and Schnittlingen in 1973 and Steinenkirch in 1974.

## Geography

The municipality (Gemeinde) of Böhmenkirch is found at the eastern edge of the district of Göppingen, along its border with the districts of Ostalbkreis and Heidenheim. All three districts, and by extension Böhmenkirch, are part of Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany. Böhmenkirch is physically located in the Albuch [de] and Härtsfeld [de] regions. Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 746 meters (2,448 ft) Normalnull (NN) to a low of 495 meters (1,624 ft) NN.
A portion of the Federally-protected Eyb, Längenach, and Rohrach river valleys [de] nature reserve is located in Böhmenkirch's municipal area.

## Politics

Böhmenkirch has four boroughs (Ortsteile) – Böhmenkirch, Schnittlingen, Steinenkirch, and Treffelhausen – and nine villages: Berg, Hackmesser, Heidhöfe, Lindenhof, Obere Roggenmühle, Ravenstein, Roggensteinhof, Trasenberg, and Ziegelhütte. There are also seven abandoned villages: Boxweiler, Hoebart, Neuhausen, Schönenberg, Siggenweiler, Wintereswanc, Winterreute.

### Coat of arms

The municipal coat of arms for Böhmenkirch displays a wooden church, in yellow upon a field of red. The church is a reference to the municipality's name, Böhmenkirch, or "Bohemian church", and became the municipality's representative motif in 1957 on the suggestion from the Central State Archive [de] in Stuttgart. An image of a tree had since 1924 been the municipal motif. The red-yellow tincture was taken from the House of Rechberg's arms. The municipal coat of arms was approved by the Federal Ministry of the Interior, and a corresponding flag for Böhmenkirch issued, on 4 September 1958.

## Transportation

Böhmenkirch lies on the historically important Swabian Jura road [de] and is a stop on the Swabian-Franconian Way of St. James [de]. The municipality is connected to Germany's network of roadways by Bundesstraße 466 [de]. Local public transportation is provided by the Filsland Mobilitätsverbundes [de].
# Joseph Coulter

Joseph William Coulter was an Anglican priest: the Archdeacon of Wilts until 1951.
Born in 1867, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained in 1897 and began his career with curacies in Ferns and Swanage. He held incumbencies at Langton Matravers, Bridport and Calne.
He died on 10 April 1956.
# Jules Crépieux-Jamin

Jules Crépieux-Jamin (1859–1940) was a French graphologist born in Arras.
From 1889 Crépieux-Jamin worked as a dentist in Rouen. He was deeply interested in the works of Jean-Hippolyte Michon (1806–1881), who is considered to be the founder of modern graphology (science of handwriting analysis). For much of his career Crépieux-Jamin analyzed and revised Michon's work, which included reclassification and re-grouping the system of "handwriting signs", and developing new rules on their classification.
In his 1929 book ABC de la graphologie he laid out a classification system of seven categories in which 175 graphological signs are grouped. The seven categories he used are titled: Dimension, Form, Pressure, Speed, Direction, Layout and Continuity. As an example the category "Form" would contain various graphological signs such as: "rounded", "ornate", "harmonious", "confused", et al.
Crepieux-Jamin took a "holistic approach" to handwriting analysis, and to every element in the handwriting he applied a range of hypothetical meanings, maintaining that the value of a particular sign is not fixed, and its importance and interpretation are variable depending on other aspects in the writing being analyzed.

## Writings

* Traité Pratique de Graphologie, Flammarion, Paris
* L'écriture et le caractère (1888), PUF, Paris, 1951, 441 pages --- Handwriting and expression
* La graphologie en exemples (1898), Larousse, Paris.-- Graphology in examples
* Les Bases fondamentales de la Graphologie et de l'expertise en écritures (1921)-- The fundamentals of graphology and expertise in writing
* L'Age et le sexe dans l'écriture (1924), Adyar, Paris --- Age and sex in handwriting
* Les éléments de l'écriture des canailles (1925), Flammarion, Paris.---The elements of the writing of scoundrels.
* L'ABC de la graphologie (1929), PUF, 1960, 667 pages--- The ABC of graphology.
* Libres propos sur l'expertise en écritures et les leçons de l'Affaire Dreyfus, Alcan, 1935 --- On free writing expertise and lessons of the Dreyfus Affair.
# Gilbert Alexander

Gilbert William Arbuthnot Alexander (Umzinto 7 September 1895 – 10 April 1957, West Finchley, Middlesex, England) was a Scottish first class cricketer. He was the son of Major William Alexander and Ethel Rubina Arbuthnot.
# C21H27ClO5

The molecular formula C$_{21}$H$_{27}$ClO$_5$ may refer to:
* EPI-001, the first inhibitor of the androgen receptor amino-terminal domain
* Ralaniten (EPI-002), an N-terminal domain antiandrogen which was never marketed
# Solar Resource

The Solar Resource was an Australian entry in the inaugural World Solar Challenge race—then known as the Pentax World Solar Challenge race—in 1987.
The Solar Resource was one of 24 entries from 7 countries (Australia, Denmark, Japan, Pakistan, Switzerland, United States and West Germany) which raced from Darwin to Adelaide, a journey of just over 3000 km. The Solar Resource finished 7th overall, but came first in the ‘Private Entry’ category. Its overall average speed during the race 25.64 km/h. The race was won by the US-built GM entry, Sunraycer.
The Solar Resource was an Australian privately funded backyard project, headed by Ian Landon Smith, an engineer and alternative energy specialist during 1986-7. During that time, each component of the Solar Resource was made and re-made 3 times prior to a successful final construction. While the cost of building the car was approximately $75,000, almost $1 million on the 760 gallium-arsenide solar cells, usually used on space satellites.
The dimensions of the Solar Resource include a height of 1.04 metres, a width of 2 metres and a depth of 5.43 metres, with a total weight of 170 kg. It is powered by an electric motor that is Swiss-made, which has a variable drive, chain drive to its rear wheels. Built around a square tube frame, the body is set very low to the ground and is square in section, but with a rounded nose, which features four holes for ventilation. The cockpit cover is made of removable fibreglass, while the body panels are made of fibreglass, mylar and Kevlar. Attached to the roof, just above the tinted windscreen, is an externally mounted rear-view mirror which functions in the same manner as a ‘periscope’. The pneumatic tyres have four orange-coloured lights in each corner of the ‘hubcap’ which act as indicators. The axles are covered with white aerofoil and extend out from the body; the two front axles extend out further than the two rear ones.
The cockpit itself features polystyrene panels in the sides around the horizontally positioned aluminium tube frame seat. Two bottles are located behind the seat – one for drinking has a tube attached, and the other is for squirting and cooling purposes. Also behind the seat are two 12-volt Pulsar batteries. In front of the seat, the control panel contains digital readout instruments for the voltage and amp readings of both, the battery and the solar cells. Because of its racing context, a clock and stop watch are also part of the control panel. There is also a twenty-channel CB radio beneath the control panel. The steering wheel, shaped like a boomerang, is set in the centre.
Smith donated the Solar Resource to the Powerhouse Museum in 1990.
# King Tut Strut

King Tut's Strut, or the King Tut Strut is the title of more than one song:
* A jazz tune composed by Nick LaRocca, and not recorded by his Original Dixieland Jazz Band, but recorded decades later by a different band of the same name under the direction of LaRocca's son.
* Dr Frank Minyard & the Mummies recorded a song called "King Tut Strut" in the 1970s
* A song called "King Tut's Strut" composed by Hotep Idris Galeta has been recorded by numerous artists, including:
** Hotep Idris Galeta
** The Jackie McLean (1931–2006), Quintet on their 1988 album Dynasty
** Marc Cary (born 1967), on his 1999 album Trillium
** Stefon Harris & Blackout, on their 2004 album Evolution
# Kenan Yücel

Kenan Yücel (born 1974) is a Turkish poet and writer.

## Biography

Yücel was born in 1974 in Bursa, Turkey. He spent his childhood and early youth in Bursa, and graduated from Marmara University, Faculty of Law (2001). He lives in Istanbul.
His poetry first met with its readers at "Başka" poetry review (1997). In various poetry magazines, his poems, critiques and writings on poetry are published. Critics expressed him as one of the poets of 2000s whose poetry has its problematic, and from his own individual life he works out social issues.
He is editor-inchief of "Ve" publishing house.
# Bölk

Bölk is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Bölk (born 1968), German handball player
* Emily Bölk (born 1998), German handball player
# Betini, Makwanpur

Betini is a village development committee in the Bagmati Rural Municipality of Makwanpur District in the Bagmati Province of Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2595 people living in 455 individual households.
# Baa Baaa Black Sheep (film)

Baa Baaa Black Sheep is a 2018 Indian action comedy film starring Anupam Kher, Manish Paul, Annu Kapoor, Manjari Phadnis & Kay Kay Menon in lead roles. The film is directed by Vishwas Paandya and produced by Anand Swarup Agarwal & Krishna Datla while it's presented by Soham Rockstar. The film was released on 23 March 2018.

## Plot

Baa Baa Black Sheep is the story of Baba, who is still trying to find his bearings. Baba's father, Charudutt Sharma who is a boring Cashew nut dealer for everyone, reveals to a shocked Baba on his 25th birthday that actually they are a family of hit men since the past 12 generations, and now Baba has to take over as the 13th. On the other hand, Baba's love interest Angelina runs a Beach Cafe. Her father Brian Morris is a retired art teacher, but fuels his greed for money and excitement, by selling fakes of an old Renoir painting that his family has inherited. With Baba and Angelina, both keeping their respective secrets, problems start when Kamya, an art gallery owner, wants the original Renoir and blackmails the Home Minister, Utpal Shivalkar for it. Drugs, Contract killings and blackmail account for ACP Shivraj entering the scene trying to find out the connection between all the chaos.

## Cast

* Manish Paul as Baba
* Anupam Kher as Charudutt Sharma/Charlie
* Manjari Phadnis as Angelina Morris
* Annu Kapoor as Brian Morris/Santa Claus
* Kay Kay Menon as A.C.P Shivraj Naik
* Natasha Suri as Kamya
* Manish Wadhwa as Utpal Shivalkar/Home Minister
* Mamta Verma as Manju Sharma
* B. Shantanu as Kamaal
* Vineet Sharma as Daniel D'Costa
* Aakash Dabhade as Johny Fixer
* Kirthi Shetty as Jamaal
* Scarlett Mellish Wilson as item number "Galla Goriyan"

## Soundtrack

Galla Goriyan / Aaja Soniye – The first song of the film is recreated by Gourav-Roshin which is based on Abhijit Vaghani's Mashup from The T-Series Mixtape Punjabi.
# Gilbert Annette

Gilbert Annette (French pronunciation:; born 10 March 1946) is a Malagasy politician. He represented Réunion in the French National Assembly from 1993-1997 and has been the Mayor of Saint-Denis, Réunion between 2008 and 2020.

## Career

Annette is a member of the Socialist Party. He became a member of the Départemental Council in 1983 and a member of the Regional Council in 1988. He was the Mayor of Saint-Denis, Réunion from 1989–1994 and was reelected in 2008.
He was a Deputy from 1993-1997 and was convicted for corruption in 1996. He was sentenced to 5 years of deprivation of his civil rights, a 200.000 FRF (30.000 €) fine and 30 months in prison. Since 2004 he has been the 1st secretary of the socialist federation of Reunion. He was re-elected mayor of Saint-Denis, Réunion in 2008 with 53,83% of the votes.
# Kendra Hartley

Kendra Hartley (born October 11, 1992) is a national team rower from Canada. Hartley was a Pan American Games champion when she won gold in the women's eight at the 2023 Pan Am Games in Santiago as well as a bronze in the quadruple sculls.

## International Career

Hartley first represented Canada in April 2023, on the Canadian Pan American Games Qualification Regatta team. She placed 4th in the Women's Four event, qualifying the full quota of women's sweep spots for Canada at the Pan American Games (Rowing at the 2023 Pan American Games – Qualification).
In September 2023, Hartley was named to the Canadian Pan American Games Team, in the Women's Four, Women's Quad and Women's Eight events. She placed 4th in the Women's Four, won a bronze medal in the Women's Quad, and became the first-ever Pan American Games champion in the Women's Eight (2023 was the first time the Women's Eight had been contested at the Pan American Games).
# Solar San Antonio

Solar San Antonio is a non-profit 501(c)(3) advocacy and resource center for renewable and sustainable energy applications. Solar San Antonio was founded by Bill Sinkin and the executive director is his son, Lanny Sinkin. Utilizing community education and outreach, they strive to decrease energy costs and provide opportunities for alternative energy in San Antonio and South Texas. By providing information directly to consumers, they have helped over 550 homeowners apply for solar energy, which has resulted in over 70 installations. According to Lanny Sinkin, this generated almost 3 million in economic activity in San Antonio, and an additional half a megawatt of distributed energy.

## Campaign initiatives

The Solar Home Improvement Loan was created by a collaboration between Solar San Antonio and the San Antonio Credit Union with low interest rates for interested homeowners.
SolarFest is an annual Solar San Antonio event at Maverick Park which provides information to the public about renewable energy technologies, the impact of sustainable living, and green building techniques. This is a 100% renewably powered event, and it featured over 90 exhibitors in 2011.
BringSolarHome is Solar San Antonio's attempt to bring together Community Education, Industry Development, and Financial Institution Development. Their website bringsolarhome.com facilitates the community education project and has an online calculator intended to project potential solar installation fees. To date, the Bring Solar Home campaign has spurred over 500 applications for solar energy rebates. According to Lanny Sinkin, the approved systems will inject $2 million into the local economy and add 300 kilowatts of solar power to the grid.

## Awards

Numerous awards have been bestowed upon Solar San Antonio, including but not limited to:
* Best Nonprofit in San Antonio Current Reader's Choice Awards (2011 and 2010)
* Best Green Award’ in the Downtown Alliance (2011)
* Finalist in the Excellence in Renewable Energy Awards (2011)
* San Antonio Business Journal “Going Green Awards” winner for Green Marketing Campaign (2010)
* Top 100 for USA TODAY #AmericaWants advertisement (2010)
* City Public Service Shining Star Award (2002)
* Texas Renewable Energy Industries Association Member of the Year Award (2001)
# George Edward Hunt

George Edward Hunt may refer to:
* George E. Hunt (1896–1959), English cricketer
* George Edward Hunt (jeweller) (1892–1960), Birmingham Arts and Crafts jeweller
# Listan Prieto

Listán Prieto (not to be confused with Listán Negro) is a red grape variety that is believed to be originated from the Castilla-La Mancha region in Spain. Listán Prieto has disappeared from Spain mainland, but there are still 29 ha planted on the Canary Islands in 2008.
In 2007, DNA fingerprinting done by the Centro Nacional de Biotecnología in Madrid, Spain discovered that the Mission grape that was widely planted in the earliest New World vineyards in the Americas was a genetic match to Listán Prieto. Despite the genetic match, there is enough clonal variation that has occurred over the centuries of geographical separation that the Mission grape of the Americas and the Listán Prieto grape of the Canary Islands are classified by the Vitis International Variety Catalogue as two separate grape varieties. Part of the variation is likely because some of earliest plantings by the Spanish missionaries were from grape seeds which are the result of pollination and sexual propagation and thus more likely to have slight differences from the parent vine than propagation through cuttings.

## History

It is thought that Listán Prieto was widely planted in the Castile region during the 16th century. Settlers to the Canary Islands brought the vines with them and eventually Listán Prieto made its way to the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Peru. From there, the grape spread throughout North and South America where it developed clonal variations that became grape varieties that are now known as Mission in California and Mexico, País in Chile and Criolla Chica in Argentina.

## Synonyms

Principal synonyms include: Criolla Chica, El Paso, Hariri, Listrão, Misión, Mission's Grape, Negra Antigua, Negra Corriente, Negra Peruana, País, Palomina Negra, Rosa del Perú, Uva Chica negra, Uva Negra, Uva Negra Vino, Uva Tinta, Viña Blanca, Viña Negra. Listán Prieto is often mistaken for Jacquez, Listán Negro and Negramoll. It can also be confused with Moscatel Negro, as Spanish Missionaries often planted it alongside Listán Prieto as they established their missions.
# Kenan Çoban

Kenan Çoban (born 22 January 1975, Elazığ) is a Turkish actor who is known for playing the role of Abdülhey Çoban in the Valley of the Wolves.

## Filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2003-2005 | Kurtlar Vadisi | Abdülhey | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2006 | Kurtlar Vadisi Irak | Abdülhey | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2007 | Halil İbrahim Sofrası | Himself | Guest Star |
| 2007 | Ayrılık | Kerem | Leading actor |
| 2007 | Kurtlar Vadisi Terör | Abdülhey | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2011 | Kurtlar Vadisi Filistin | Abdülhey | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2007-2014 | Kurtlar Vadisi Pusu | Abdülhey | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2014 | Beyaz Karanfil | Zülfü Korkmaz | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2015–2020 | Eşkıya Dünyaya Hükümdar Olmaz | Fahri | Supporting Leading actor |
| 2022 | El Haybe | | Supporting Leading actor |
# Bölkau

Bölkau is a small river of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It flows into the Schwarze Bek near Schwarzenbek.
# Castellani (wine)

43°38′44″N 10°36′21″E﻿ / ﻿43.6456757°N 10.605771°E﻿ / 43.6456757; 10.605771
Founded in 1903, Castellani Spa is a family-run Italian wine company headquartered in Pontedera, near Pisa. Castellani produces wine from five main Tuscan estates, as well as from areas throughout Italy, and is distributed internationally in 42 countries.

## Estates
### Antiche Tenute Burchino

Located in Terricciola, a medieval village in the Pisan hills, this estate includes more than 42 hectares of vineyards. Antiche Tenute Burchino has been owned by the Castellani family since the middle of nineteenth century.

### Tenuta Poggio al Casone

Located in Crespina in the Pisan hills, this estate includes more than 40 hectares of vineyards.

### Tenuta Di Campomaggio

Located near the medieval town of Radda, in the middle of the Chianti Classico region, this estate includes more than 100 hectares of vineyards.

### Fattoria di Travalda

Located in Santa Lucia, at the foot of the Pisan hills, this estate includes more than 5 hectares of land.

### Tenuta di Ceppaiano

Located on the bank of the Arno River in the province of Pisa, this estate includes more than 40 hectares of vineyards.