OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tudhaliya

Tudḫaliya is the name of several Hittite kings or royals. It is not clear how many kings bore that name, and numbering schemes vary from source to source.
* Tudḫaliya (sometimes called Tudḫaliya I) is deduced from his early placement in a later offering list as a hypothetical pre-Empire king who might have reigned in the early 17th century BC.
* Tudḫaliya I (sometimes considered identical with the following, as Tudḫaliya I/II), ruled in the mid-15th century BC, son of Kantuzzili.
* Tudḫaliya II (sometimes considered identical with the preceding, as Tudḫaliya I/II or renumbered as Tudḫaliya I), ruled at the start of the 14th century BC, father-in-law of Arnuwanda I.
* Tudḫaliya III (sometimes renumbered as Tudḫaliya II), in the early 14th century BC, the son of Arnuwanda I and predecessor of Šuppiluliuma I.
* Tudḫaliya the Younger (sometimes numbered as Tudḫaliya III), in the mid-14th century BC, the son of Tudḫaliya III, he probably never reigned.
* Tudḫaliya IV (very rarely renumbered as Tudḫaliya III), ruled around 1230 BC, the son of Ḫattušili III.
* Tudḫaliya V possibly ruled around 1180 BC, perhaps the son of Šuppiluliuma II.
* Tudḫaliya, Neo-Hittite king(s) of Carchemish, fl. c. 1100 BC

## In the Bible

Some biblical scholars suggested that Tidal, king of Nations (Goyim), who is mentioned in the Book of Genesis 14 as having joined Chedorlaomer in attacking rebels in Canaan is based on one of the Tudhaliyas. In modern academia, Tidal is considered to be a literary figure, not a historical figure. The discussion about Tidal relates to the Battle of Siddim in the Bible; the exact geographical location of Tidal is disputed. 'Tidal, king of Goyim', may also be related to the island kingdoms in Mediterranean Sea.
# Robert Drury (Jesuit)

Robert Drury (1587–1623) was an English Jesuit.

## Biography

Drury was born in 1587 in Middlesex, Kingdom of England, son of William Drury, D.C.L., judge of the prerogative court (who was converted to the Catholic faith in articulo mortis), and his wife, Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Southwell of Woodrising, Norfolk, a relative of Father Robert Southwell the poet. He was educated in London, and at the age of fourteen was sent to the English College at Douay, where he began his course of humanities, which he completed at St. Omer.
On 9 October 1605 he entered the English College, Rome, for his higher course. After receiving minor orders he joined the Society of Jesus in October 1608, and subsequently he repaired to Posna to finish his theology, arriving there 28 February 1611–12. In 1620 he was rector of the college at St. Omer, and afterwards was sent on the mission to his native country, where he became a distinguished preacher. He was professed of the four vows 8 September 1622. Occasionally he went under the names of Bedford and Stanley.
He lost his life on Sunday, 5 November (N.S.) 1623, at the Fatal Vespers in Blackfriars.

## Works

There is a eulogium of Drury in the preface to a book called F. Robert Drury's Reliquary (1624), containing his prayers and devotions. Stow says that he was reputed by his fellow-churchmen to be a man of great learning, and generally admitted to be of good moral life.
# Dulang

Dulangkou (Chinese: 杜郎口镇; pinyin: Dùlángkǒu Zhèn) is a town in Chiping District, Liaocheng, in western Shandong province, China.
# Destroying Angel (Midsomer Murders)

"Destroying Angel" is the second episode of the fourth series of Midsomer Murders and the fifteenth episode overall. It stars John Nettles as Detective Chief Inspector Tom Barnaby and Daniel Casey as Detective Sergeant Gavin Troy.

## Plot

The will of late hotelier Karl Wainright causes ructions amongst his staff, and soon a serial murderer begins hunting down the beneficiaries, dispatching them in increasingly gruesome and imaginative ways. Meanwhile, Barnaby and Troy discover the bizarre village tradition of exposing dark secrets - through cryptic Punch and Judy shows.

## Murder methods

* Smothering
* Arrow shot and dismemberment
* Poisoning by the eponymous species of mushroom
* Crushed by cabinet
* Shotgun blast
# Bihor Region

Bihor Region (Regiunea Bihor) was one of the newly established (in 1950) administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania, copied after the Soviet style of territorial organisation.

## History

The capital of the region was Oradea, and its territory comprised an area similar to the nowadays Bihor County. In 1952 its name was changed to Oradea, and in 1956 after the dissolution of Arad Region it included raions Ineu, Criș, and Gurahonț of it. In 1960 it was renamed Crișana.

## Neighbors

Bihor Region had as neighbors:
* 1950–1956: East: Cluj Region; South: Arad Region; West: Hungarian People's Republic; North: Baia Mare region.
* 1956–1968: East: Cluj Region; South: Banat and Hunedoara regions; West: Hungarian People's Republic; North: Baia Mare Region.

## Rayons

* 1950–1956: Oradea, Săcuieni, Marghita, Șimleu, Aleșd, Salonta, Beiuș.
* 1956–1968: Oradea, Săcuieni, Marghita, Șimleu, Aleșd, Salonta, Beiuș, Criș, Ineu, Gurahonț.
# Bihl

Bihl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Agnès Bihl (born 1974), French singer
* Staif Bihl, member of the Eths, French Metalcore band
* Thomas Bihl (born 1975), German poker player
# The Mixtape About Nothing

The Mixtape About Nothing is the fourth mixtape by American rapper Wale, released on May 30, 2008. It was mixed by Nick Catchdubs, and released as a collaboration with New York streetwear brand 10.Deep Clothing as a free download.

## Theme

Wale was inspired by the show Seinfeld. Wale claims he has "seen every episode". The mixtape samples extensively from Seinfeld, and Wale peppers his raps with frequent reference to jokes and catch phrases from the series. Each track follows the series' naming conventions for episodes, formatting each title with the definitive article "The". In the track "The Kramer," Wale raps about use of the word "nigger," referring to the Michael Richards Laugh Factory incident, which Wale also attacks across the rest of the mixtape. Actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus, who plays the character Elaine Benes in Seinfeld, appears on the mixtape. In 2015, Wale collaborated with Jerry Seinfeld on an album called The Album About Nothing.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | (8.4/10) |
| Popmatters | |
| RapReviews | (8.5/10) |
| The Skinny | |
| Slant Magazine | |
| Robert Christgau | |
Upon its release, The Mixtape About Nothing has received favorable reviews from music critics. Arthur Gailes of RapReviews.com gave the album an 8.5 out of 10.

## Track listing

From "The Mixtape About Nothing".
| # | Song | Time | Featured guest(s) | Producer(s) |
| 1 | "The Opening Title Sequence" | 2:43 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 2 | "The Roots Song Wale Is On" | 1:37 | The Roots, Chrisette Michele | Questlove, James Poyser |
| 3 | "The Feature Heavy Song" | 3:37 | Bun B, Pusha T, Tre | Best Kept Secret |
| 4 | "The Freestyle (Roc Boys)" | 4:12 | | Sean C & LV |
| 5 | "The Perfect Plan" | 2:53 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 6 | "The Kramer" | 4:14 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 7 | "The Crazy" | 3:04 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 8 | "The Vacation from Ourselves" | 4:21 | Julia Louis-Dreyfus | Best Kept Secret |
| 9 | "The Remake of a Remake (All I Need)" | 3:00 | Tawiah | Mark Ronson |
| 10 | "The Grown Up" | 4:08 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 11 | "The Manipulation" | 4:16 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 12 | "The Artistic Integrity" | 3:22 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 13 | "The Star" | 5:53 | | J Dilla, Questlove, Scott Storch |
| 14 | "The Skit (Untz Untz)" | 2:21 | | |
| 15 | "The Cliche Lil Wayne Feature (It's the Remix Baby!)" | 3:59 | Lil Wayne | Osinachi |
| 16 | "The Bmore Club Slam" | 3:59 | | Scottie B |
| 17 | "The Chicago Falcon (Remix)" | 3:09 | The Budos Band | Mark Ronson, Eli Escobar |
| 18 | "The Hype" | 5:53 | | Best Kept Secret |
| 19 | "The End Credits" | 5:54 | | Best Kept Secret |
# Investment value

Investment value is the value of a property to a particular investor. In the U.S. and U.K., it is equal to market value for the investor who has the capacity to put the property to good use—its highest-and-best-use, its most valuable use. For other investors with limited capacity or vision, investment value is lower because they cannot put the property to use in a way that is maximally productive.

## International Valuation Standards

The current edition of International Valuation Standards (IVS 2011) defines Investment Value in a way which allows for either a higher value than market value or a lower value than market value:
    Investment value - the value of an asset to the owner or a prospective owner for individual investment or operational objectives.
Investment Value is a subjective measure of value, a 'value-in-use', whilst Market Value is an objective 'value-in-exchange'. As defined in IVS2, Investment Value is the valuation equivalent of the accountancy concept of Value-in-use. Whereas IFRSs define the accountancy concepts of fair value and Value-in-use in operational terms, IVSs define Market Value and Investment Value by way of generalised definitions.
# The Penal Code

The Penal Code is a 1932 American crime drama film directed by George Melford.

## Plot

A man serves time in prison, going to disguise his whereabouts from his family. After he is released a blackmail scheme ensues.

## Cast

* Regis Toomey as Robert Palmer
* Helen Cohan as Marguerite ("Margie") Shannon
* Patrick H. O'Malley Jr. as Sergeant Detective W. J. Bender
* Robert Ellis as James Forrester
* Virginia True Boardman as Mrs. Sarah Palmer
* Henry Hall as Mr. Shannon
* Leander De Cordova as Isaac Lewin
* John Ince as Warden
* Murdock MacQuarrie as Lefty
* Olin Francis as McCarthy
# Respiratory adaptation

Respiratory adaptation is the specific change that the respiratory system undergoes in response to the demands of physical exertion. Intense physical exertion, such as that involved in fitness training, places elevated demands on the respiratory system. Over time, this results in respiratory changes as the system adapts to these requirements. These changes ultimately result in an increased exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which is accompanied by an increase in metabolism. Respiratory adaptation is a physiological determinant of peak endurance performance, and in elite athletes, the pulmonary system is often a limiting factor to exercise under certain conditions.

## Neural control

Respiratory adaptation begins almost immediately after the initiation of the physical stress associated with exercise. This triggers signals from the motor cortex that stimulate the respiratory center of the brain stem, in conjunction with feedback from the proprioreceptors in the muscles and joints of the active limbs.

## Breathing rate

With higher intensity training, breathing rate is increased in order to allow more air to move in and out of the lungs, which enhances gas exchange. Endurance training typically results in an increase in the respiration rate.

## Lung capacity

With adaptation, lung capacity increases, allowing a greater quantity of air to move in and out. Endurance training typically results in an increase in tidal volume.

## Respiratory muscles

Muscles involved in respiration, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, increase in strength and endurance. This results in an improved ability to breathe in more air, for longer amounts of time with less fatigue. Aerobic training typically improves the endurance of respiratory muscles, whereas anaerobic training tends to increase the size and strength of respiratory muscles.

## Lung capillaries

Exercise increases the vascularization of the lungs. This allows the more blood flow in and out of the lungs. This enhances the uptake of oxygen, since there is greater surface area for blood to bind with haemoglobin.

## Alveoli

Respiratory adaptation results an increase in the number of alveoli, which enables more gas exchange to occur. This is coupled with an increase in alveolar oxygen tension.
# The Palace of Darkened Windows

The Palace of Darkened Windows is a 1920 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Henry Kolker and starring Claire Anderson, Arthur Edmund Carewe and Jay Belasco. It is based on the 1914 novel of the same title by Mary Hastings Bradley.

## Cast

* Claire Anderson as Arlee Eversham
* Arthur Edmund Carewe as The Rajah
* Jay Belasco as Billy Hill
* Christine Mayo as Azade
* Gerald Pring as Captain Falconer
* Adele Farrington as Miss Eva Eversham
* Virginia Caldwell as Mispah
* Nicholas Dunaew as The Snake Charmer
# The Only Woman

The Only Woman is a 1924 American silent drama film produced by Joseph M. Schenck for Norma Talmadge Productions and distributed by First National. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with Norma Talmadge as the leading woman.

## Plot

As described in a review in a film magazine, Fighting Jerry Herrington (Davis), a financial power, gets proof that William Brinsley (Hall) has speculated with trust funds and threatens to put him in jail unless Brinsley agrees to the marriage of his daughter Helen (Talmadge) to Herrington’s son Rex (O'Brien), who is a drunkard. Herrington believes Helen is the only woman who can reform his son. Helen finally agrees and fulfills her contract to the letter. Herrington finally tells her that, when Rex returns to him sober and with a purpose, he will arrange a divorce. Helen starts to try and make a man of him. She takes him on a cruise and keeps liquor away from him. A storm comes up, there is a collision, all are lost but Helen, Rex, and Ole Hanson (Betz), a sailor who becomes officious. Ole later falls overboard in a fight with Rex. Finally they are rescued and return home. Rex offers to give Helen a divorce, but she tells him that she does not want one.

## Cast

* Norma Talmadge as Helen Brinsley
* Eugene O'Brien as Rex Harrington
* Edwards Davis as Fighting "Jerry" Harrington, Rex's Father
* Winter Hall as William Brinsley
* Matthew Betz as Ole Hansen
* E. H. Calvert as Rodnet Blake
* Stella Di Luni as Bing
* Murdock MacQuarrie as Yacht Captain
* Rev. Neal Dodd as Minister
* Brooks Benedict as First officer
* Charles O'Malley as Steward
* Virginia Marshall as Little girl

## Reception

Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times wrote, "Although the actual plot of Norma Talmadge's latest film vehicle. The Only Woman, is not unfamiliar, the story contains several interesting situations which are effectively pictured."

## Preservation status

A print of The Only Woman with some decomposition survives in the Library of Congress, Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation collection.
# Irlam (ship)

At least four ships have borne the name Irlam.
* Irlam (1800 ship) was launched at Liverpool and wrecked in 1812.
* Irlam (1813 ship) was launched at Liverpool and wrecked in 1824.
* Irlam (1825 ship) was launched at Liverpool and wrecked in 1831.
* Irlam was launched at Liverpool after the loss of the vessel wrecked in 1831.
The same company, Barton & Co. (actually Barton, Irlam and Higginson), owned each of the first three vessels, and each was a West Indiaman, sailing between Liverpool and the West Indies, primarily Barbados. There is too little information on the fourth to be able to confirm or refute the possibility that Barton & Co. also owned it. She did trade between Liverpool and Barbados.
# Vasant Tapu

Vasant Tapu Harji Chavda, commonly known as Vasant Tapu (1936-1988), was a Tanzanian cricketer. A left-handed batsman and left-arm fast-medium/left-arm orthodox spin bowler, he played for the Tanzania national cricket team from 1967 to 1974 and also played first-class cricket for East Africa.

## Biography

Born in Tanganyika in 1936, Vasant Tapu began to play international cricket in August 1967 with two matches against India. The first was for Tanzania in Dar es Salaam and the second was a first-class match for East Africa in Kampala. In the first-class match, he scored 55 in the East Africa first innings and took 5/72 in the Indian first innings, his best batting and bowling performances in first-class cricket.
He played in the East African Quadrangular tournament in 1969 and 1970, and again in 1971, 1972 and 1974 when it had become a triangular tournament. He also went on a tour of England with East Africa in 1972. His last match for Tanzania was against Zambia in August 1974, and he had played his second and final first-class match earlier in the year, against the MCC in Nairobi. He died in 1988.
# Vendrest

Vendrest is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Vendrest are called Vendrestois.
# The Pattern

The Pattern may refer to:
* The Pattern (band), an American punk garage rock band
* The Pattern (The Chronicles of Amber), an inscribed labyrinth which gives the multiverse its order in The Chronicles of Amber
* The Pattern (Fringe), a series of occurrences in the television series Fringe
# The Ramp

The Ramp may refer to:
* The Ramp (Antarctica)
* The Ramp (Alaska), United States
# The Ramparts

    The Ramparts may refer to:
* Rampart Canyon (Alaska), rapids on the Yukon River, in Alaska
* The Ramparts (Mackenzie River), 12 km of rapids, on the Mackenzie River
* The Ramparts (Canada), a mountain range
# Iron Man: The Best of Black Sabbath

Iron Man: The Best of Black Sabbath is a compilation album from Black Sabbath, released by Sanctuary Records to support the band's 2012 reunion tour.
The album features exactly the same track listing as 2009's Greatest Hits.

## Personnel
### Black Sabbath

* Ozzy Osbourne – vocals
* Tony Iommi – guitar
* Geezer Butler – bass
* Bill Ward – drums

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 147 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 148 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 31 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 27 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# VeraLinn Jamieson

VeraLinn Jamieson (born 1960) is a retired United States Air Force lieutenant general. She last served as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, a position she held from 2016 to 2020.
# Vasillaq Ngresi

Vasillaq Ngresi is an Albanian politician and member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.
# The Panda's Thumb

The Panda's Thumb may refer to:
* The sesamoid bone of the Giant Panda, used similarly to a human thumb, cited as evidence of evolution and the main feature of an essay by Stephen Jay Gould
* The Panda's Thumb (book), also known as The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History, a 1980 book by Stephen Jay Gould featuring an essay on the Panda's thumb
* The Panda's Thumb (blog), a blog that discusses evolutionary biology and the creation-evolution controversy from a scientific perspective
# Iranian leaders of the Iran–Iraq War

This is a list of Iranian leaders of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988).

## Leaders
### Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces

* Abolhassan Banisadr (Start of War – 10 June 1981)
* Ruhollah Khomeini (10 June 1981 – End of War)
** Akbar Rafsanjani, acted as the de facto commander-in-chief since mid-1980s and was later officially appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief on 2 June 1988
*** Hassan Rouhani, served as deputy to second-in-command since 1988

## Military commanders
### Strategic level
#### Islamic Republic of Iran Army
##### Chief-of-Staff

* Brig. Gen. Valiollah Fallahi (KIA) (Start of War – 29 September 1981)
* Brig. Gen. Qasem-Ali Zahirnejad (1 October 1981 – 25 October 1984)
* Col. Esmaeil Sohrabi (25 October 1984 – 1988)
* Brig. Gen. Ali Shahbazi (1988 – End of War)

##### Ground Force

* Brig. Gen. Qasem-Ali Zahirnejad (Start of War – 1 October 1981)
* Col. Ali Sayyad Shirazi (1 October 1981 – Spring 1986)
* Col. Hossein Hassani-Sadi (Spring 1986 – End of War)

##### Air Force

* Col. Javad Fakoori (KIA) (Start of War – 29 September 1981)
* Col. Mohammad-Hossein Moinpour (2 October 1981 – 25 November 1983)
* Col. Houshang Seddigh (25 November 1983 – 1986)
* Col. Mansour Sattari (1986 – End of War)

##### Navy

* Cpt. Bahram Afzali (Start of War – 30 April 1983)
* Cpt. Esfandiar Hosseini (30 April 1983 – 25 June 1985)
* Cpt. Mohammad-Hossein Malekzadegan (25 June 1985 – End of War)

#### Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
##### Commander-in-Chief

* Morteza Rezaee (Start of War –)
* Mohsen Rezaei (11 September 1981 – End of War)

##### General Staff

* Alireza Afshar (November 1984 – )
* Mohammad Forouzandeh (– End of War)

##### Basij

* Amir Majd (Start of War – December 1981)
* Ahmad Salek (December 1981 –)
* Mohammad-Ali Rahmani (16 February 1984 – End of War)

##### Ground Force

* Yahya Rahim Safavi (1985–)
* Ali Shamkhani (May 1986 –)

##### Air Force

* Akbar Rafan (1985 – End of War)

##### Navy

* Hossein Alaei (1985 – End of War)

### Operational level
#### Islamic Republic of Iran Army
##### Division commanders

* Col. Hassan Abshenasan (KIA)
* Col. Masoud Monfared Niyaki (KIA)
* Col. Hasan Aghareb Parast (KIA)

#### Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
##### Division commanders

* Hossein Kharrazi (KIA)
* Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
* Ahmad Kazemi
* Mohammad Boroujerdi (KIA)
* Ebrahim Hemmat (KIA)
* Qasem Soleimani
* Mehdi Bakeri (KIA)
* Ahmad Motevaselian
* Mehdi Zeinoddin (KIA)
* Mahmoud Kaveh (KIA)
* Ali Hashemi (Commander)
* Sabz Ali Khodadad (Commander)

## Ministers
### Minister of Defence

* Mostafa Chamran (Start of War – 29 October 1980)
* Col. Javad Fakoori (–September 1980)
* Col. Mousa Namjoo (KIA) (17–29 September 1981)
* Col. Mohammad Salimi (October 1981 – October 1985)
* Col. Mohammad Hossein Jalali (October 1985 – End of War)

### Minister of Revolutionary Guards

* Mohsen Rafighdoost (November 1982 – End of War)
# Iosif Shikin

Iosif Vasilievich Shikin (Russian: Иосиф Васильевич Шикин; 8 September [O.S. 26 August] 1906 – 30 July 1973) was a Soviet army political commissar and party official, who was Soviet ambassador in Tirana at the time of the Albanian–Soviet split.

## Biography

Iosif Shikin was born into a peasant family in the Ivanovo region of west Russia. He worked in an automobile factory in Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) at a time Andrei Zhdanov was the regional party boss. In 1935, he was appointed secretary of the communist party committee for the district that included the automobile plant. In 1939, he was appointed a political commissar with the Red Army, and was transferred to Leningrad (St Petersburg) where, again, Zhdanov was head of the regional communist party. He was, evidently, a protege of Zhdanov – or as one historian described him – a "solid Zhdanovite". During the Siege of Leningrad, Shikin was the political officer, appointed by Zhdanov, to ensure that food and supplies were brought to the city across the ice when Lake Ladoga froze during the winter. In 1946, after the death of Aleksandr Shcherbakov, Shikin was appointed Head of the Political Directorate of the Red Army.
In 1949, Shikin was a victim of the Leningrad affair, a purge of officials who had been linked to Zhdanov, who was now dead – but unlike most of the high-profile victims, who were shot – he was not arrested, but was demoted to the post of head of the Lenin Military Political Academy. In 1950, he was transferred to the staff of the Central Committee
Shikin was appointed soviet ambassador to Albania in November 1960, but was recalled on 25 November, during the Albania–Soviet split, when the USSR Foreign Ministry accused the Albanian authorities of having "intentionally created such conditions" that made it impossible for Shikin to carry out his responsibilities. The Albanians denied this and claimed that though he held the title of ambassador for 11 months, Shikin had actually spent only five months in Albania.
In 1962, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Party and State Control Committee.