OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ladakh Union Territory Front

Ladakh Union Territory Front (LUTF) was formed in 2002 as a conglomerate of political parties in Ladakh in India.

## Objective

Its basic objective was to fight for the Union Territory status for Ladakh. A consortium of political parties formed in 2002 decided that a regional party shall be formed under a single flag and carry the struggle for the Union territory status for Ladakh. Things changed when few of the nominated candidates shifted sides and joined Indian National Congress (INC). Since then a kind of bipartisan politics begun in Ladakh between the LUTF and the Indian National Congress.

### Merger

In 2010, when the elections for LAHDC, Leh, was round the corner, LUTF merged into Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Subsequently, the BJP won 4 out of 26 seats on the council in this election.

## Fulfillment of demand

In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed an act by which Ladakh became a union territory on 31 October 2019.

## Support from Gilgit Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan activist Senge H Sering supported Ladakh as separate Union Territory.
# Ladakh district

Ladakh district was a district of the Jammu and Kashmir state of India until 1 July 1979 when it was divided into Leh district and Kargil district.
# Druffel

Druffel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* August von Druffel (1841–1891), German historian
* Ellen R.M. Druffel (born 1953), American oceanographer and isotope geochemist
* John H. Druffel (1886–1967), American judge
* Larry Druffel (born 1940), American engineer
# Jarczyk

Jarczyk is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Robert Jarczyk (born 1959), German television actor
* Sławomir Jarczyk (born 1980), Polish footballer
# Roteb

Roteb was a city cleaning company which was in service of the City of Rotterdam and tried to make sure that the streets and squares of the city are kept tidy and they also offered waste management services. Later Roteb only leased vehicles, like city cleaning and waste management (Reiniging) this is now taken care of by the municipality as Vervoer & Materieel.
The acronym Roteb stood for Reiniging (cleaning), Ontsmetting (Desinfecting), Transport (Transport) and Brandweer (Fire Department). The Fire Department separated from ROTEB in 1972.
Roteb was founded in 1876 as the Rotterdamsche reinigingsdienst (Rotterdam cleaning service). It was dissolved in October 2019.
# John Filo

John Paul Filo (/ˈfaɪloʊ/; born August 21, 1948) is an American photographer whose picture of 14-year-old runaway Mary Ann Vecchio screaming while kneeling over the dead body of 20-year-old Jeffrey Miller, one of the victims of the Kent State shootings, won him the Pulitzer Prize in 1971. At the time, Filo was both a photojournalism student at Kent State University, and staffer of the Valley Daily News, which became the Valley News Dispatch and is now a satellite paper for the Greensburg Tribune-Review.

## Biography

After winning the Pulitzer Prize while working for the Valley Daily News (a Gannett paper) of the Pittsburgh suburb of Tarentum, Pennsylvania, he continued his career in photojournalism, rapidly finding work at the Associated Press, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and as a picture editor at the Baltimore Evening Sun. He eventually rose to a picture editing job at the weekly news magazine Newsweek. He is now head of photography for CBS.

## Taking the picture

The Kent State shooting by members of the Ohio National Guard occurred at Kent State University in the city of Kent, Ohio on May 4, 1970, and resulted in the deaths of four students. At the time John Filo was in the university student photography lab when the shots rang out. He quickly ran outside and below recalls what happened:
   The bullets were supposed to be blanks. When I put the camera back to my eye, I noticed a particular guardsman pointing at me. I said, "I'll get a picture of this," and his rifle went off. And almost simultaneously, as his rifle went off, a halo of dust came off a sculpture next to me, and the bullet lodged in a tree.
   I dropped my camera in the realization that it was live ammunition. I don't know what gave me the combination of innocence and stupidity ... I started to flee – run down the hill and stopped myself. "Where are you going?" I said to myself, "This is why you are here!"
   And I started to take pictures again. ... I knew I was running out of film. I could see the emotion welling up inside of her. She began to sob. And it culminated in her saying an exclamation. I can't remember what she said exactly ... something like, "Oh, my God!"
To take the picture Filo used a Nikkormat camera with Tri-X film and most of the exposures were 1/500 between 5.6 and f 8 depending on whether the sun was behind a cloud or not.

## Altered photo

In the early 1970s, an anonymous editor airbrushed the fence post above Mary Ann Vecchio's head out of Filo's Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph. Since then, the altered photo has circulated and has been reprinted in many magazines. Numerous publications, including Time (Nov. 6, 1972, p. 23; Jan. 7, 1980, p. 45) and People (May 2, 1977, p. 37; April 30, 1990, p. 117), have used the altered image without knowing it.

## Meeting with Mary Ann Vecchio

In 1995, Filo met Mary Ann Vecchio for the first time, when both were scheduled to appear at an Emerson College conference commemorating the 25th anniversary of the shootings. The two met again on the Kent State University campus, at the 39th commemoration in May 2009, where they both spoke.
# Robert Israel

Robert Israel may refer to:
* Bob Israel (composer), composer primarily of television themes and record producer
* Bob Israel (film producer), co-producer of movies Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, Bachelor Party and others
* Robert Israel (composer), composer primarily of silent film scores
* Robert Israel, keeper of the Old Point Loma Lighthouse 1874–1892
# Lasha Khmaladze

Lasha Khmaladze (born 20 January 1988, Tbilisi) is a Georgian rugby union player who plays as a fly-half and fullback for RC Batumi in the Georgia Championship.

## Club career
### Lelo Saracens

He began playing at Lelo Saracens in 2010, winning the Didi 10 four times in a row, between 2012–13 and 2015–16. At the end of the 2013–14 Didi 10 season he won player of the year.

### Tbilisi Caucasians

In 2014 he was called up to the Tbilisi Caucasians squad for the European Rugby Challenge Cup Qualifying Competition, starting at flyhalf in both their matches against Rovigo Delta scoring 2 tries in the second match.

### RC Batumi

In 2017 he moved to RC Batumi, going on to win the 2018–19 and the 2021–22 Didi 10 seasons. He featured for the side in the 2017–18 European Rugby Continental Shield.

### Black Lion

In 2021 he was named in the Black Lion squad for the inaugural Rugby Europe Super Cup season going on to start in the final at fullback in a 14–17 win over the Lusitanos.

## International career

He made his debut on 11 June 2008 in an 11–3 loss to the Emerging Springboks, in Bucharest, at the IRB Nations Cup, aged 20 years old. He played in the 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying matches and was called for the final squad. He played three games at the 2011 Rugby World Cup, one of them as a substitute, scoring a try in a 25–7 loss to Argentina on 2 October 2011.
Khmaladze became a regular player for Georgia, playing in the side that reached their fourth Rugby World Cup qualification in a row to the 2015 Rugby World Cup in England. He went on to feature in both the 2019 and the 2023 Rugby World Cups.
# Jezreel Valley Contemporary Dance Festival

Jezreel Valley Contemporary Dance Festival (Hebrew: פסטיבל מחול יזרעאלי) is an annual contemporary dance festival that takes place during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot, as part of the Milk & Honey Festival in the Jezreel Valley, Israel.

## History

The festival was established in 2010 by the Alon Jezreel contemporary dance association and choreographer Ze'ev Keren in 2010. It hosts contemporary dance companies from all over Israel and has become an annual event.
The first festival commemorated 100 years of Israeli settlement in the Jezreel Valley. Choreographers Shlomo Haziz, Dganit Rom, and Ze'ev Keren put together the dance "Standing Guard", performed by Hora Rishonim Jerusalem, Misgav Contemporary Dance Company, and Alon Jezreel Contemporary Dance Company.
Participating dance companies stay in Nahalal during the two days of the festival.
The festival in 2011 – "Chicken on the Yarkon Bridge", was dedicated to the 1960s Israeli band "The Roosters" and trio "Gesher HaYarkon" in commemoration of 50 years to their contribution to Israeli culture. The guest of honor at the festival was The Roosters' founder Naomi Polani.
The festival in 2012 – "Land of the Tsabar", was held at the Amphitheater in Nahalal, and hosted Serbian contemporary dance company "Kod Tent", sponsored by Serbian Ambassador to Israel, who performed in traditional clothing accompanied by an orchestra playing Serbian folk music.
The festival in 2013 "Coefficient of restitution" – was held at the event hall of Kibbutz Yifat. 15 different contemporary dance companies partook and performed dances with the theme of the Jewish people from their formation until their restitution to the land of Israel. At the finale of the festival, which was held at the sports hall in Nahalal, the festival hosted a contemporary dance company from the Gaza envelope, with the artistic directing of Gavri Levi.
# Third government of Miguel Ángel Revilla

The third Revilla government was a regional government of Cantabria led by President Miguel Ángel Revilla. It was formed in July 2015 after the regional election and ended in July 2019 following the regional election.

## Government

| Name | Party | Office | Took office | Left office |
| Miguel Ángel Revilla | Regionalist Party of Cantabria | President | 6 July 2015 | 29 June 2019 |
| Eva Díaz Tezanos | Socialist Party of Cantabria | Vice President | 10 July 2015 | 8 July 2019 |
| Eva Díaz Tezanos | Socialist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Universities and Research, Environment and Social Services | 10 July 2015 | 8 July 2019 |
| Rafael de la Sierra | Regionalist Party of Cantabria | Minister of the Presidency and Justice | 10 July 2015 | 9 April 2019 |
| Francisco Fernández | Socialist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Education, Culture and Sports | 20 September 2017 | 8 July 2019 |
| Paula Fernández | Regionalist Party of Cantabria | Minister of the Presidency and Justice | 10 April 2019 | 8 July 2019 |
| José Luis Gochicoa | Regionalist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Public Works and Housing | 22 March 2019 | 8 July 2019 |
| Francisco Martín | Independent | Minister of Innovation, Industry, Tourism and Commerce | 10 July 2015 | 8 July 2019 |
| José María Mazón | Regionalist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Public Works and Housing | 10 July 2015 | 21 March 2019 |
| Jesús Oria | Regionalist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Livestock, Fishing and Rural Development | 10 July 2015 | 8 July 2019 |
| María Luisa Real | Socialist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Health | 10 July 2015 | 8 July 2019 |
| Ramón Ruiz | Socialist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Education, Culture and Sports | 10 July 2015 | 20 September 2017 |
| Juan José Sota | Socialist Party of Cantabria | Minister of Economy, Finance and Employment | 10 July 2015 | 8 July 2019 |
# Rhythm of the People

Rhythm of the People is an album by the American musician Robert Ward, released in 1993.

## Production

Produced by Hammond Scott, the majority of the album was recorded at Arlyn Studios, in Austin, Texas. "I Found a Love" was recorded in New Orleans, with bass player George Porter Jr. The Kamikaze Horns played on some of the songs. Ward's wife Roberta sang on some of the gospel-influenced tracks. Ward used his Magnatone amp on the album. The musician felt that Rhythm of the People was a better representation of his musical interests than his previous album, Fear No Evil.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| DownBeat | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| MusicHound Blues: The Essential Album Guide | |
| Toronto Sun | |
The Edmonton Journal noted that "Ward's taste for fast, gutsy, clear, making-every-note-count attacks on the fingerboard was an influence on Stevie Ray Vaughan and others." The Chicago Tribune stated that "a couple of alleged originals borrow too heavily from vintage R & B sources." The Denver Post opined that "the element of surprise is gone—and some of Ward's new songs are a little preachy... But there still are enough beautiful classic-soul moments."
The Gazette determined that "a tastier mix of contemporary soul, gospel and R&B is hard to imagine." The Los Angeles Times concluded that "Ward seems so re-energized that he occasionally pushes his voice too hard, but the music is punchier and its gospel-rooted flavor and message are even more in evidence." The Toronto Sun deemed the album "essential for anyone who's ever thrilled to the sounds of Stax-Volt, Motown, or '60s soul and R & B in general."
AllMusic wrote that Ward's "vocals don't sound nearly as hearty this time around, and a some of the songs just aren't up to par."
# Fai Chi Kei

Fai Chi Kei (Chinese: 筷子基) is a place located in Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau. It was originally a sandbank near the peninsula. The area is bounded by Rua da Bacia Sul, Avenida Marginal do Lam Mau, Rua da Doca Seca and Rua Sul do Patane.

## History

The quarter was constructed in there in 1932, then known as the "May 28th Houses" in commemoration of the Portuguese Reformation Day.
The two-storey buildings stood in two lines on top of rectangular foundations with chopsticks shape, hence the name "Fai Chi Kei" in Cantonese.
Later, the original houses were rebuilt to become a public rental housing project surrounded by reclaimed land. Designed by Manuel Vicente, the complex was supposed to be four buildings, but instead two 6-storey complexes were built with an inner courtyard.

## Redevelopment

The housing project has since disappeared and demolished to make way for The Praia, a large residential development.

## Healthcare

The Macau government operates a public health centre in Santo António, near Bairro Fai Chi Kei.
# Jade Soune-Seyne

Jade Soune-Seyne is a Réunionese beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Earth Reunion 2015 and Reunion Island's representative in Miss Earth 2015. She was crowned by Miss Earth 2014 Jamie Herrell.
# Jade Starbiz

Jade Starbiz was a Hong Kong entertainment talk/news program on Television Broadcasts Limited that was replaced by "E-Buzz", a similar program, as of October 2005. It featured various celebrity news, gossip, and interviews, current popular music and culture in Hong Kong, and new and upcoming shows on TVB. Jade Starbiz played on TVB Jade and on many international TVB channels.
* This Hong Kong television article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Jacques-Benjamin Longer

Jacques-Benjamin Longer (31 May 1752 – 8 February 1831) was a French Catholic bishop who became the Vicar Apostolic of Western Tonking (corresponding today to the Archdiocese of Hanoi).

## Life

Jacques-Benjamin Longer was born on 31 May 1752 in Le Havre, in the Kingdom of France. He became a member of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, and was ordained a priest on 23 September 1775. He then went to Tonking as a missionary, where he was made the Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Western Tonking on 3 April 1787. At the same time, he was appointed the Titular Bishop of Gortyna, succeeding Pierre-Jean Kerhervé. Longer then became the Vicar Apostolic on 17 August 1789, upon the death of Jean Davoust. He was finally ordained a bishop on 30 September 1792 by Marcelino José Da Silva, the Bishop of Macau. Longer died on 8 February 1831. He was succeeded by Joseph-Marie-Pélagie Havard as Vicar Apostolic of Western Tonking and by Leonard Neale as Titular Bishop of Gortyna.
# Jag ringer upp

Jag ringer upp is the fourth studio album by Swedish dansband Grönwalls. It was released on 13 November 1995.

## Track listing

* Jag ringer upp
* Säj minns du parken
* Om du ger mej tid
* Funny How Time Slips Away
* Mr Magic
* Vad en kvinna vill ha
* Ge mej en kyss
* Itsy Bitsy
* Jag har en dröm
* Akta dej vad du är min
* Älskat dig i smyg
* I vems famn
* Jag har plats i mitt hjärta
* Kärleken är

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 48 |
# Faiza Bouguessa

Faiza Bouguessa (born 1983) is an Algerian-French fashion designer and creative director. She is the founder of Bouguessa, a fashion brand which aims to familiarize modest clothing while being eco-friendly.

## Early life and education

Faiza Bouguessa was born in France to Algerian parents. She grew up in France, around women who were passionate about fashion and design. Her grandmother was a seamstress, and Faiza's first introduction to garment making was in her early years while spending time with her grandmother, who taught her the basics of knitting and sewing. Her mother encouraged her to become a fashion designer from a young age.
Bouguessa took numerous internships in tailor shops while studying English literature at Jean Moulin university in Lyon from 2002 until 2004. Throughout these internships, she learned the basics of pattern making and developed an understanding for fabric characteristics. She was unable to attend fashion school due to financial restraints.
While slowly building her brand and position into the fashion world, she was a fashion stylist for Freelance in Dubai (2010 - 2013) and also part of the cabin crew for the airline Emirates in Dubai (2006-2012).

## Career

With Roland Mouret's help as a mentor, and drawing on her love of her French-Algerian heritage and values, Bouguessa founded her brand, Bouguessa, in her studio in Dubai Design District in 2014. She had met Mouret through a mentoring program with the Dubai Fashion and Design Council.
The clothing brand initially sold abayas, before expanding to garments such as dresses, shirts, trousers and coats. The main objective behind the brand is to promote sustainability within clothing by integrating a cross-cultural communication and acceptance towards modest fashion and to ensure women of backgrounds and sizes to feel confident and comfortable in her clothing. Bouguessa aims to achieve these aims by taking a minimalist approach to wardrobe staples, with "soft hues and clean lines," and drawing inspiration from clothing such as kaftans, and abayas to bridge the gap between cultures.
The brand releases four collections each year.
The brand made an appearance at Milan Fashion Week in 2015. Bouguessa's designs grew immensely in popularity when Beyoncé wore a piece by Bouguessa for a photoshoot in 2017. The piece sold out nearly instantly. In 2018, some of Bouguessa's designs were included in an exhibit on contemporary Muslim fashion curated by the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.
In 2021, Bouguessa was ranked 29th in Forbes' list of 40 Women Behind Middle Eastern Brands; the next year, she was ranked 26th on their 30 Women Behind Middle Eastern Brands list.

## Personal life

Bougessa is married.
# Thomas Cook House

Thomas Cook House may refer to:
* Thomas Cook House (Somerville, Massachusetts), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Thomas Cook House (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), NRHP-listed
# Jag Bani

Jagbani is a Punjabi language newspaper that is circulated in the state of Punjab, India. It was started by the Punjab Kesari Group back in 1978 along with Punjab Kesari and Hind Samachar. This newspaper is printed in Jalandhar and Ludhiana and has an average of 328 thousand circulated copies during weekdays.

## Prominent columnists

| Khushwant Singh | Shekhar Gurera (Cartoonist) |
| Kuldip Nayar | Poonam I Kaushik |
| Shanta Kumar | Vineet Narain |
| Virendra Kapur | B G Vergheoose |
| Balbir Punj | Mahmood Shaam |
| Karan Thapar | Kalyani Shankar |
| Manmohan Sharma | Neera Chopra |
| Menaka Gandhi | Chandermohan |
| Chander Trikha | Nerja Chaudhry |
# Falconar F9A

The Falconar F9A and F10A are a family of Canadian amateur-built aircraft, that were designed by Chris Falconar and produced by Falconar Avia. The F9A design was introduced in 1965 and both the F9A and F10A were supplied as kits or as plans for amateur construction by Falconar. The F9A and F10A are now available in the form of plans from Manna Aviation.

## Design and development

The F9 is a variant of the Jodel D9. Falconar indicated that it incorporates a larger cockpit, simplified fittings, shoulder harnesses and aerodynamic improvements to improve stall characteristics.
Hans Teijgeler of Jodel.com says that the F9A varies from the D9 by using a new wing design, with new simplified spar and rib design and the dihedral point moved inboard, allowing the outer portion to fold for ground transport or storage, but at the cost of added weight. He describes the wing as "less efficient". Teijgeler says of the Falconar F9A, "the Falconar 'Jodel' should not be looked upon as a Jodel, but as a Falconar. This is [n]either good or bad. Just a fact to take into account"
The F9A features a cantilever low-wing, a single seat enclosed cockpit that is 21 in (53 cm) wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The F9A and F10A are made from wood, with the flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its 23 ft (7.0 m) span wing has an area of 99 sq ft (9.2 m$^2$). Construction time from the supplied kit is estimated as 700 hours.

## Operational history

By November 2012, one F9A had been registered with Transport Canada, one F10A in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration and none with the CAA in the United Kingdom.

## Variants
### F9

    36 hp (27 kW) Volkswagen air-cooled engine

### F9A

    Initial model with an empty weight of 360 lb (163 kg) and a gross weight of 600 lb (272 kg). The aircraft's recommended engine power range is 30 to 75 hp (22 to 56 kW) and engines that have been used include the 60 hp (45 kW) Volkswagen air-cooled engine and Hirth two-stroke powerplants.

### F10A

    Strengthened model to allow the installation of larger engines, with an empty weight of 550 lb (249 kg) and a gross weight of 875 lb (397 kg). The aircraft's recommended engine power range is 40 to 100 hp (30 to 75 kW). The fuselage is lengthened 14 in (36 cm) from the F9A and stressed to 9g.

## Specifications (F9A)

Data from Purdy
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 17.90 ft (5.46 m)
* Wingspan: 23.00 ft (7.01 m)
* Wing area: 99.00 sq ft (9.197 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 405 lb (184 kg)
* Gross weight: 660 lb (299 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 10 U.S. gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Volkswagen air-cooled engine four cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke automotive conversion, 100 hp (75 kW)
* Propellers: 3-bladed ground adjustable wooden
Performance
* Maximum speed: 140 mph (230 km/h, 120 kn)
* Cruise speed: 100 mph (160 km/h, 87 kn)
* Stall speed: 38 mph (61 km/h, 33 kn)
* Range: 300 mi (480 km, 260 nmi)
* Rate of climb: 1,020 ft/min (5.2 m/s)
* Wing loading: 6.7 lb/sq ft (33 kg/m$^2$)