OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 497

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 497 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. | 497 U.S. 1 | 1990 |
| Collins v. Youngblood | 497 U.S. 37 | 1990 |
| Rutan v. Republican Party | 497 U.S. 62 | 1990 |
| Maislin Industries, U.S., Inc. v. Primary Steel, Inc. | 497 U.S. 116 | 1990 |
| Portland Golf Club v. Commissioner | 497 U.S. 154 | 1990 |
| Illinois v. Rodriguez | 497 U.S. 177 | 1990 |
| Kansas v. UtiliCorp United Inc. | 497 U.S. 199 | 1990 |
| Sawyer v. Smith | 497 U.S. 227 | 1990 |
| Cruzan v. Director, Mo. Dept. of Health | 497 U.S. 261 | 1990 |
| Sisson v. Ruby | 497 U.S. 358 | 1990 |
| Georgia v. South Carolina | 497 U.S. 376 | 1990 |
| Hodgson v. Minnesota | 497 U.S. 417 | 1990 |
| Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health | 497 U.S. 502 | 1990 |
| Alvarado v. United States | 497 U.S. 543 | 1990 |
| Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC | 497 U.S. 547 | 1990 |
| Walton v. Arizona | 497 U.S. 639 | 1990 |
| United States v. Kokinda | 497 U.S. 720 | 1990 |
| Lewis v. Jeffers | 497 U.S. 764 | 1990 |
| Idaho v. Wright | 497 U.S. 805 | 1990 |
| Maryland v. Craig | 497 U.S. 836 | 1990 |
| Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation | 497 U.S. 871 | 1990 |
| Ashland Oil, Inc. v. Caryl | 497 U.S. 916 | 1990 |
| National Mines Corp. v. Caryl | 497 U.S. 922 | 1990 |
# Bob McLaren

Robert McLaren was a Scottish footballer who played as a forward, primarily for Heart of Midlothian. He joined the Edinburgh club in 1892 and was a fringe player in his first two seasons. He is then documented as having moved to Celtic in April 1894, but appears to have made no competitive appearances for the Glasgow side and returned to Hearts a few months later.
He then became an important member of the team at Tynecastle Park, featuring regularly as Hearts won the Scottish Football League championship in 1894–95 and 1896–97, took part in the 1895 'World Championship' match (McLaren scored twice in a 5–3 defeat to Sunderland) and lifted the Scottish Cup in 1896; he was also involved in minor competition wins: three Rosebery Charity Cups, two East of Scotland Shields and three Edinburgh Football Leagues. However he had fallen out of favour and played his last game for the club by the time they won the Scottish Cup again in 1901, with any further career in football not widely known (he is not the same man as the defender who played for clubs including Airdrieonians in the same era).
# Atrecus

Atrecus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae. The genus was first described by Jacquelin du Val in 1856. The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.
Species include:
* Atrecus affinis
* Atrecus longiceps
* Atrecus pilicornis
# San Francisco de Alfarcito

San Francisco de Alfarcito is a rural municipality and village in Jujuy Province in Argentina.
# Blå Jungfrun Östra Lighthouse

Blå Jungfrun Östra is a lighthouse located in coastal town of Oskarshamn in Sweden, Europe.

## Deactivated and moved

Lighthouse Blå Jungfrun Östra was originally located on the island and national park Blå Jungfrun in the Baltic Sea about 10 nautical miles outside Oskarshamn. After being deactivated by the Swedish maritime authorities, Sjöfartsverket, in 2002, the lighthouse was disassembled and moved into the city of Oskarshamn. It now serves as an attraction and a landmark on street Södra Långgatan in Oskarshamn.
# Athie (surname)

Athie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Díaz Athié (born 1958), Mexican politician
* Carlos Athié (born 1987), Mexican actor, model, and TV presenter
* Kamel Athie Flores (born 1950), Mexican politician
* Mamoudou Athie (born 1988), Mauritanian-American actor
# John Michel (British Army officer, born 1765)

General John Michel (10 February 1765 – 5 April 1844) was a British Army officer.

## Biography

He was born the son of David Robert Michel, MP of Kingston Russell House, Dorset, a colonel in the Dorset Militia and inherited the Mountain River estate in St John, Jamaica, from his father-in-law, John Ayscough, receiving the compensation when the slaves were freed.
On 1 February 1781 he was appointed ensign in the 51st Regiment of Foot. He served at the siege of Fort St Philip, Minorca, and was taken prisoner on its surrender. In June 1785 he succeeded to a lieutenancy in the 51st, and in July 1790 was appointed captain in the 4th Dragoon Guards. Captain Michel served two years on the staff as aide-de-camp to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and in October 1793 succeeded to a majority, then in August 1796 to a lieutenant-colonelcy in the 4th Dragoon Guards. In 1801 he exchanged into the 14th Light Dragoons; on 29 April 1802 he received the brevet of colonel, and in October 1804 was appointed brigadier-general on the staff in Ireland, where he continued until June 1805. In February 1807 he was re-appointed to the Irish staff; on 25 October 1809 he was promoted to major-general, and to lieutenant general on 4 June 1814. He was promoted full general on 8 June 1837.
He served as the Member of Parliament for Belfast from 1812 to 1818.
He died in 1844 and was buried at Dewlish. He had married firstly Elizabeth, the daughter of Pierce Crosbie of Ballyheigue Castle, County Kerry and secondly Anne, the daughter of Hon. Henry Fane, with whom he had three sons and two daughters. His son became Field Marshal John Michel.
# Juan Mosquera

Juan Mosquera may refer to:
* Juan José Chaux Mosquera (1957–2021), Colombian lawyer, politician and diplomat
* Juan Carlos Mosquera (born 1982), Colombian footballer
* Juan Mosquera (footballer, born 1996), Colombian footballer
* Juan David Mosquera (born 2002), Colombian footballer
* Juan Mosquera (athlete) (born 1994), Panamanian athlete
# Juan Bautista Grazhoffer

Juan Bautista Grazhoffer (1690–1733) was a Jesuit missionary to the Sonoran Desert. He served briefly at Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi before his death, possibly by poison.

## Biography

Grazhoffer was born in Bleiburg, Austria, on June 5, 1690, joined the Society of Jesus on October 27, 1710, and made his final vows in Chomutov, Bohemia on February 2, 1728. He left for the Americas on May 12, 1729, where he spent several months assisting Luis Maria Gallardi at Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama.
Juan Bautista de Anza escorted Grazhoffer to Mission San Gabriel de Guevavi in May 1732. Grazhoffer renamed the mission to San Rafael de Guevavi. On July 31, Grazhoffer visited Mission San Ignacio de Cabórica to deliver a report on his mission's progress to Agustín de Campos [es].
Philipp Segesser arrived at Guevavi in the spring of 1733, and on May 1 he wrote to report that Grazhoffer was in serious condition. Grazhoffer died on May 26th; Segesser accused the natives of poisoning him, and reported that an elderly Pima man admitted to having done so.
# Jake Copass

Jake Copass (April 18, 1920 – June 8, 2006) was a cowboy poet who lived in the Santa Ynez Valley. He had been working as a wrangler at the Alisal Guest Ranch in Solvang, California since 1946.
A native of Texas, he was shocked when he saw the valley. "Green grass in winter?" he says. "I had never seen that before. So I decided to stay. This was real cowboy country back then." Copass bought and sold cattle up and down the coast and did occasional movie work over the decades.
Each couple of years, his family would visit him up at his ranch. He always kept in touch with the people he knew.
He saw an opportunity to reinforce children's value systems by talking about honesty and the cowboy way, and helping them to understand the ethics cowboys live by. Jake recently explained, "When you're young, you never feel like you have anything to offer anyone. Then you find out your own experiences are interesting to others."
A story-telling, poetry-reading cowboy treasure, Jake Copass has performed at cowboy poetry gatherings all over the West. He has a book of poetry, It Don't Hurt to Laugh, published by Olive Press, and a memoir entitled, I'll Be Satisfied.
Copass died on June 8, 2006, following a brief illness from leukemia. His funeral was held a week later at the Alisal Guest Ranch.
# Sara Santoro

Sara Santoro Bianchi (1950–2016) was an Italian archaeologist, classical scholar and educator. She is remembered for her collaboration in projects focusing on the Insula del Centenario in Pompeii, Castelraimondo del Fiuli, Bliesbruck on the French-German border, and the excavation of the Amphitheatre of Durrës in Albania. She has served as director of the Archaeological Museum of Bazzano, Province of Bologna, and as a professor of archaeology and Greek and Roman art at the University of Parma and at the D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara.

## Biography

Born in Seregno, Milan, on 28 August 1950, Sara Santoro studied classics at the University of Bologna where she met Massimo Bianchi (born 1946), an economics professor. The two married in January 1970 and had three children together: Sergio, Marco and Andrea.
After graduating in 1973, she undertook research in the university's department of archaeology from 1975. From 1997 to 2009, she was associate professor of archaeology and Greek and Roman art at the University of Parma. She was then appointed professor of classical architecture at the D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara (2009–2016).
In 1988, Santoro managed excavations of the fortified settlement of Castelraimondo del Friuli with the support of the European Interreg initiative. This culminated in the development of a cultural park. Working in collaboration with the University of Bologna, from 1998 to 2005 she was scientific manager of the Insula del Centenario project in Pompeii. She was also director of the University of Parma's Durres project aimed at protecting the archaeological heritage of Durrës in Albania. In 2008, together with the French archaeologist Jean-Paul Petit, Santoro participated in excavations of the extensive Mediomatrici site covering the area from Reinheim in the German Saarland to Bliesbruck in the French department Moselle.
Sara Santoro Bianhi died in Chieti on 22 September 2016 and is buried in Cesena.
# Joseph Lepaute Dagelet

Joseph Lepaute Dagelet (1751–1788) was a French astronomer, clockmaker and mathematician who accompanied Lapérouse on his scientific circumnavigation, in the course of which he perished in the final shipwreck of the expedition. Dagelet's astronomical sightings gave precision to the maps posthumously published in the official Atlas du Voyage de la Perouse (Paris: L'Imprimerie de la Republique, An V, 1797).
Young Dagelet arrived in Paris in 1767, welcomed by his uncles the renowned clockmakers Jean-André and Jean-Baptiste Lepaute, who held the brevet horlogers du Roi. Through his aunt, Nicole-Reine Lepaute, wife of Jean-André, he discovered his aptitude for astronomy. From his arrival until 1772 he studied in the observatory of the Collège Mazarin, where he was guided by Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande.
In 1773 he departed for the South Seas with the expedition of Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec; on his return he was made professor of mathematics at the École Militaire, Paris.
Dagelet is known particularly for having calculated the distance between the center of Mercury and the Sun and for his map of the solar eclipse of 1778. Dagelet discovered WY Sagittae, a nova in Sagitta (27-29 July 1783) and was a scientific observer of the balloon ascent of Jacques Alexandre César Charles from the Champ de Mars, Paris, 27 August 1783.
He presented his observations of the planets and stars to the Académie des sciences and was received as adjoint and then named astronomer to the Academy in 1785, the year he embarked at Brest on the fatal expedition.
After extensively mapping and recording the coastlines of North America, Japan, Korea and Siberia, Lapérouse was directed by the French government to go to Botany Bay to observe the founding of the British Colony by the First Fleet. On 26 January 1788 Lapérouse arrived at Botany Bay, just as the British were leaving for Port Jackson. The French ships stayed at Botany Bay for six weeks and built a stockade, observatory and a garden for fresh produce on the La Perouse peninsula. At Botany Bay Dagelet undertook calculations on map position of Botany Bay, carried out astronomical observations and met with William Dawes at Port Jackson. Dawes volunteered for service with the First Fleet and sailed on the Sirius. From February 1788, he was employed on shore to build an observatory at Dawes Point. Following this meeting Dagelet sent a letter to Dawes (1762-1836) with advice to Dawes on setting up his observatory, recent work on the fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field and calculations on maps positions of Botany Bay.
The island of Dagelet, named in his honour, is now known by its Korean name, Ulleungdo. In Alaska, Mount Dagelet still bears his name.
# Toxodera maculata

Toxodera maculata is a species of praying mantis found in southern China, Laos, Thailand, West Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. Females have a body length up to 130mm.
# Josias Howe

Josias Howe (c.1611 – 28 August 1701) was an English divine. He was the son of Thomas Howe, rector of Grendon-Underwood, Buckinghamshire. Howe told Aubrey that Shakespeare took his idea of Dogberry from a constable of Grendon. He was elected scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, on 12 June 1632, and graduated B.A. on 18 June 1634, M.A. in 1638. On 26 May 1637 he was chosen fellow of his college. A sermon which he delivered before the king at Christ Church, Oxford on Psalm iv. 7 was, it is said, ordered by Charles to be printed about 1644 in red at Lichfield's press at Oxford. Only thirty copies are supposed to have been printed, probably without a title-page.
Hearne, who purchased a copy at the sale of Arthur Charlett's library on 14 January 1723, gave an account of it in his edition of Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle. Howe's preaching before the court at Oxford was much admired, and on 10 July 1646 he was created B.D. Howe was removed from his fellowship by the parliamentary visitors in 1648 for 'non-appearance', but was restored in 1660, and died in college on 28 August 1701. He has commendatory verses before the Works of Thomas Randolph, 1638, and before the 'Comedies, Tragicomedies, and other Poems' of William Cartwright (London, 1651).
# Transformation (music)

In music, a transformation consists of any operation or process that may apply to a musical variable (usually a set or tone row in twelve tone music, or a melody or chord progression in tonal music), or rhythm in composition, performance, or analysis. Transformations include multiplication, rotation, permutation (i.e. transposition, inversion, and retrograde), prolation (augmentation, diminution) and combinations thereof.
Transformations may also be applied to simpler or more complex variables such as interval and spectrum or timbre.
# James Hardie (architect)

James Hardie (died 1889) was an American architect of Natchez, Mississippi. Several of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Hardie was an immigrant from Scotland. He and two brothers, all carpenters, moved to Natchez in the 1830s.
He designed St. Mary's Cathedral, in Natchez, which is listed on the National Register within the Natchez On-Top-of-the-Hill Historic District. The Gothic Revival brick cathedral's construction began in 1842 and it was dedicated in 1843.
Works include:
* D'Evereux (1836), Natchez, a Greek Revival house
* Choctaw (1836), also known as Neibert-Fisk House, 310 N. Wall St., Natchez, a Greek Revival house NRHP-listed
* Chapel at Laurel Hill Plantation, S of Natchez off US 61, Natchez, Mississippi. The chapel was the first Gothic Revival building in Mississippi. Hardie also did repairs/renovations at Laurel Hill, in his old age. Laurel Hill is NRHP-listed
* Homewood (1852)
* Shadyside, 107 Shadyside St., Natchez, Mississippi, NRHP-listed
# Tusukuru

Tusukuru is a genus of sheet weavers that was first described by K. Y. Eskov in 1993.

## Species

As of June 2019 it contains only two species:
* Tusukuru hartlandianus (Emerton, 1913) – USA
* Tusukuru tamburinus Eskov, 1993 – Russia
# John Franchi

John Franchi (born July 16, 1982) is a retired American mixed martial artist. He previously competed in WEC's featherweight division.

## Background

Franchi was a standout wrestler at Edison High School. He then went on to graduate from the State University of New York at Cortland where he earned a B.A. in Liberal Arts.

## MMA

His debut for WEC was a split-decision-win over Mike Budnik at WEC 39. He lost a unanimous decision to Manny Gamburyan at WEC 41.
Franchi was defeated by Cub Swanson on November 18, 2009 at WEC 44 in a bout which won Fight of the Night honors.

## Championships and accomplishments

* World Extreme Cagefighting
** Fight of the Night (One time) vs. Cub Swanson

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown :
| 8 matches | 6 wins | 2 losses |
| By knockout | 2 | 0 |
| By submission | 2 | 1 |
| By decision | 2 | 1 |
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Win | 6–2 | Matt McCook | Decision (split) | RW 10: Mayhem in the Mist 5 | November 6, 2010 | 3 | 5:00 | Niagara Falls, New York, United States | |
| Loss | 5–2 | Cub Swanson | Submission (guillotine choke) | WEC 44 | November 18, 2009 | 3 | 4:50 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Won Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 5–1 | Manvel Gamburyan | Decision (unanimous) | WEC 41 | June 7, 2009 | 3 | 5:00 | Sacramento, California, United States | |
| Win | 5–0 | Mike Budnik | Decision (split) | WEC 39 | March 1, 2009 | 3 | 5:00 | Corpus Christi, Texas, United States | |
| Win | 4–0 | Frank Latina | Submission (rear-naked choke) | IFL: Connecticut | May 16, 2008 | 1 | 2:19 | Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |
| Win | 3–0 | Justin Homsey | TKO (elbows) | World Championship Fighting 2 | February 8, 2008 | 2 | 0:40 | Wilmington, Massachusetts, United States | |
| Win | 2–0 | Brian Conrad | Submission (armbar) | FFP: Untamed 18 | December 15, 2007 | 1 | 2:15 | Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States | |
| Win | 1–0 | Richard Miner | TKO | EFI: Battle in the Field | October 27, 2007 | 1 | N/A | Springfield, Massachusetts, United States | |

### Kickboxing Record

| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Win | 1–0 | Keith Nesbitt | TKO (Fear) | Gladius Fights 39 | February 1, 2020 | 1 | 0:00 | Big Flats, NY, United States | Nesbitt did not show for weigh-ins. |
# John Nicholl

John Nicholl may refer to:
* John Nicholl (mariner) (fl. 1605–1637?), English mariner and author
* John Nicholl (judge) (1759–1838), Welsh MP for Penryn and judge
* John Nicholl (antiquary) (1790-1871), English antiquary
* John Iltyd Nicholl (1797–1853), Welsh MP for Cardiff and judge
# Rose Hart

Rose Hart (January 9, 1942 – September 2012) was a female track and field athlete from Ghana. She specialised in the hurdling, the sprints and the discus throw events during her career.
Hart represented Ghana at the 1964 Olympic Games. She twice claimed a gold medal for her native West African country at the All-Africa Games: 1965 and 1973.
# Augusta Railroad

The Augusta Railroad (“AUG”) and its predecessors constituted a short-line railroad connecting Augusta, Arkansas to the national rail grid. AUG's original segment was built in 1886, and the line ended in 1958 or 1959. It was less than 2 miles in length.

## History
### Augusta and White River Railroad

Augusta, the county seat of Woodruff County, Arkansas, was a natural riverboat landing spot on the navigable White River. After the chaos of the American Civil War and its immediate aftermath, the town entered its greatest period of prosperity in the 1870s as a year-round riverboat transport point for a wide variety of goods, serving vessels from as far away as Memphis and New Orleans. Thus, when railroads began entering the county in the late 1800s, the good people of Augusta opted out of the apparently-unnecessary innovation and allowed their town to be bypassed by the tracks. When river traffic began to decline, the citizens realized their mistake, and decided to build their own railroad to link to the national grid.
The Augusta and White River Railroad was incorporated in 1886 under the laws of Arkansas. It constructed approximately 1.25 miles of mainline track between Augusta and a point south-southeast of town known as New Augusta, where the railway interchanged with the Missouri Pacific Railroad line between Bald Knob, Arkansas and Memphis, Tennessee. Whether or not relating to the mistake of failing to get railroad routed through their town earlier, the nickname of the railway was the “Little Dummy Line.”

### Augusta Tramway and Transfer Company

This arrangement lasted until 1892. In May of that year, a company called the Augusta Tramway and Transfer Company was incorporated under Arkansas law. It received and started operating the assets of the earlier company while extending the tracks slightly, adding about a quarter of a mile to the mainline. However, this entity went into receivership on February 22, 1916.

### AUG Operations

The railroad was bought out of a receiver's sale on December 20, 1917, by individuals who took over operation of the line from the receiver on January 1 of 1918, and who finally got around to officially incorporating the Augusta Railroad on May 8 of that year. A snapshot of the railway on June 30, 1918, shows a single-track, standard-gauge mainline grown to 1.649 miles, plus 1.005 miles of yard tracks and sidings. The railroad had two steam locomotives, and also possessed a passenger car. The principal offices were in Augusta. The railroad ran in this fashion for many decades; however, it ceased operations in 1958 or 1959.
# Salinarimonas

Salinarimonas is a genus of bacteria from the order of Hyphomicrobiales.
# Vandanmedu

Vandanmedu is a village in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala.
Vandanmedu is the biggest cardamom plantation in India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Vandanmedu had a population of 10009 with 5017 males and 4993 females.

## Religion

Various sections of Christianity, Hinduism and Muslim co-exist harmoniously. Hindu community Ezhava, Nair, Viswakarma and others. Nair community has a strong population. Christians, mainly Catholic, Orthodox Pentecostal, Anglicans live there.
# Trang railway station

Trang railway station is a railway station located in Thap Thiang Subdistrict, Trang City, Trang. The station is a class 1 railway station and is located 829.28 km (515.3 mi) from Thon Buri railway station. The station opened in April 1913 on the Southern Line section Kantang–Huai Yot. Trang Station is the alighting point for easier access to islands in the Andaman Sea.
The station building has been in use since 1913 until it was demolished and rebuilt in 1969 until now. As a result of the establishment of a railway station in 1913, the surrounding area has built various buildings such as hotels or shophouses on Rama VI Road, the first official road of the Trang. In the past, when the transportation was not prosperous, residents of other provinces such as Phuket or Surat Thani must use this station to travel by train to Bangkok. Most of the buildings on Rama VI Road are Sino-Portuguese architecture.

## Train services

* Express No. 83 / 84 Krung Thep Aphiwat – Trang – Krung Thep Aphiwat
* Rapid No. 167 / 168 Krung Thep Aphiwat – Kantang – Krung Thep Aphiwat