OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# King of the Indies

King of the Indies (Rex Indiarum) was a title used by the monarchs of Spain to reflect their sovereignty in large parts of the Americas (called "Indies" at their discovery).
Isabella of Castile was the first to use it as she became queen of the West Indies following the Voyages of Christopher Columbus. As her successor Charles I, better known as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, inherited the crown of Castile and ratified the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas by the conquistadores from the 1520s onward, the title of "King of the Indies" was favored over "King of the West Indies" to reflect the growing expansion from the West Indies into the mainland. Charles V also ratified the establishment of Klein-Venedig and appointed figures such as Mercurino Gattinara as "Grand Chancellors of the Indies".
The title of "King of the Indies" was inherited by Philip II of Spain who also styled himself as "King of the Western and Eastern Indies". Under Philip II, the term "West Indies" came to include both the insular territories and the Spanish Main in order to distinguish these possessions from the new colony of the Spanish East Indies (the Philippines, Micronesia, Taiwan). The term "King of the Indies" continued to be used by Spanish monarchs in the 17th and 18th century. Nowadays, West Indies only refer to the original area of the Spanish West Indies and the term "Indies" refers to the East Indies.
# Bill Brennan (umpire)

William Thomas Brennan (October 25, 1880 – September 13, 1933) was an American Major League Baseball umpire and college football coach. Brennan umpired in the National League (NL) from 1909 through 1913. He worked in the Federal League in 1914 and 1915. Following several years of umpiring in the minor leagues with the American Association and the Southern Association, he returned to the National League for 1921. He retired with 1093 major league games umpired. He umpired in the 1911 World Series.

## Umpiring career

Brennan began umpiring in the Northern League. He spent 1906 and 1907 in the Western League. The next year he umpired in the Wisconsin–Illinois League before his promotion to the NL in 1909. In 1912, Philadelphia club owner Horace Fogel charged that Brennan and other umpires had treated his team unfairly in postseason play. Brennan brought a civil suit against Fogel over the accusations. The suit was later dropped. After an investigation, Fogel was banned from ever representing an NL team.
He joined the upstart Federal League in 1914 and 1915, supervising the league's umpiring staff. After the league folded, Brennan found it difficult to regain a major league job. He umpired in the Southern Association for several years. He spent the 1921 season in the National League before returning to the Southern Association.

## Football coaching career

Brennan coached football at several levels both before and after his MLB umpiring days. He coached high school football in Saint Paul, Minnesota between 1901 and 1904, at Mechanics Arts High School in 1901 and 1902 and Central High School in 1903 and 1904. He led a professional team in 1905 and 1906 before returning to high school football in 1907. Brennan was the head football coach at Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota in 1908 and 1909. He was away from football for a few years before taking an assistant coaching position at Tulane University in 1919 under Clark Shaughnessy. He spent several seasons at Tulane and later coached at the University of Tennessee at Memphis and Little Rock Junior College.

## Death

On Sunday, September 10, 1933, Brennan umpired the final game of the Southern Association season between Chattanooga and Knoxville. He had emergency surgery for a ruptured ulcer the next day at a Knoxville hospital. Brennan died there on September 13.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Saint John's Johnnies (Independent) (1908–1909) ||||||
| 1908 | Saint John's | 3–3 |
| 1909 | Saint John's | 1–3 |
| Saint John's: | Saint John's: | 4–6 |
| Tennessee Docs (Independent) (1922–1925) ||||||
| 1922 | Tennessee Docs | 7–0–1 |
| 1923 | Tennessee Docs | 6–0–2 |
| 1924 | Tennessee Docs | 9–1 |
| 1925 | Tennessee Docs | 5–5 |
| Tennessee Docs: | Tennessee Docs: | 27–6–3 |
| Total: | Total: | 31–12–3 |
# Bob Wear

Robert Wear is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played for Cronulla in the New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL).

## Playing career

Wear, an Englishman, played as a centre and winger during his career. He was in his late 20s by the time he debuted at Cronulla in 1970, having played in England for several seasons, which was mostly with Barrow but also included a stint at Warrington.
From 1970 to 1974, Wear played 103 first-grade games with Cronulla in the NSWRFL and scored a total of 29 tries, which included a hat-trick against Parramatta at Endeavour Field in 1973. He was on the wing for Cronulla in the club's 1973 grand final loss to Manly.
# Bridget Hill (politician)

Bridget Hill is an American attorney and politician from Wyoming. She is the attorney general of Wyoming.

## Early life and education

Hill was raised on a ranch near Saratoga, Wyoming. She earned a Bachelor of Arts and a Juris Doctor from the University of Wyoming College of Law.

## Career

Hill clerked for Justices Larry Lehman and Michael Golden of the Wyoming Supreme Court.
In 2013, Governor Matt Mead appointed Hill the director of the Office of State Lands and Investments.
In November 2018, Governor-elect Mark Gordon announced Hill as his nominee for attorney general, pending approval by the Wyoming Legislature, to succeed Peter K. Michael. She was sworn into office on March 1, 2019. On January 29, 2021, Hill announced that her office would not pursue criminal charges against Joseph Hubert Hart, a retired Catholic bishop accused of sexual abuse.
# Ban, Burkina Faso

Ban is a town in the Solenzo Department of Banwa Province in western Burkina Faso. As of 2005 it had a population of 8,776.
# Schöner

Schöner is a German surname, also rendered as Schoener, Shoener, or Schoner
* Johannes Schöner, also Johann(es) Schonerus (1477–1547), German mathematician, geographer, cartographer, astronomer
** Johannes Schöner globe
* George Schoener
** Rosa 'Schoener's Nutkana'
* Christoph Schoener (born 1953), German church musician
* Eberhard Schoener (born 1938), German musician and composer
* Marion Schöner
* Martin Schöner (d. 1611), German physician to James VI and I of England and Anna of Denmark
* Ingeborg Schöner (born 1935), German actress
* Herbert Schoner (died 1971 in Kaiserslautern), German policeman, second victim of RAF terrorism
* The Schoeners
# Friedrichstadt (disambiguation)

Friedrichstadt may refer to:
* Friedrichstadt, a town in Schleswig-Holstein
* Friedrichstadt (Amt), a collective municipality in Schleswig-Holstein
* Friedrichstadt (Berlin), a neighbourhood of Berlin
* Friedrichstadt (Dresden), a quarter of Dresden
* Düsseldorf-Friedrichstadt, a quarter of Düsseldorf
* Former name of the city of Jaunjelgava, Latvia
* Friedrichstadt, a former name (before 1918) for the district around Paechtown, South Australia
# Cavg

C$_{avg}$ is the average concentration of a drug in the central circulation during a dosing interval in steady state. It is calculated by
    $C_{\text{avg}}={\frac {AUC_{\tau ,{\text{ss}}}}{\tau }}$
where $AUC_{\tau ,{\text{ss}}}$ is the area under the curve and $\tau$ the dosing interval.
# John Reiner

John Reiner (born 1956) is a cartoonist who collaborates with writer Bunny Hoest on three cartoon series: The Lockhorns, syndicated by King Features, and Laugh Parade and Howard Huge (both for Parade magazine).

## Life and career

Born in New York City, Reiner was raised on Long Island, where he graduated from Smithtown High School in 1974. He attended the State University of New York at Stony Brook, where he was a contributing artist to Statesman, the student newspaper. He was a psychology major, graduating in 1978.
Mad cartoonist Mort Drucker, in 1974, encouraged him to consider cartooning as a career, and the following year, he began work on Joe Simon's humor magazines. Along with pages for Marvel Comics, Reiner did freelance advertising art, humorous illustrations and political caricatures. In 1984, he was an assistant on the comic strip Benchley, which Jerry Dumas and Drucker created to satirize the Washington political scene.

## The Hoest studio

Bill Hoest needed an assistant for his strips and cartoons, and in 1986, he hired Reiner to help on The Lockhorns, Agatha Crumm and What a Guy! Eventually, he was assisting on all the Hoest cartoons and strips. After Hoest's 1988 death, his widow Bunny Hoest kept the family business going, and Reiner remained as the artist, working in the turret studio of the Hoest mansion in Lloyd Neck, Long Island.
Reiner commented, “We get ideas for The Lockhorns from everyday observation, from interesting people, funny situations, driving or even at dinner.”

## Exhibitions

The Lockhorns, Memorial Gallery, Sinclair Hall, Farmingdale State College, September 14-November 14, 2010.

## Awards

He received the National Cartoonists Society's Gag Cartoon Award in 1994.
# Frank West

Frank West is the name of:
* Frank West (Medal of Honor) (1850–1923), Medal of Honor recipient
* Frank West (baseball) (1873–1932), baseball player
* Frank West (Dead Rising), the main character from the 2006 video game Dead Rising
# Fraser Speirs

Fraser Speirs is a Glasgow-based harmonica player. Originally trained as a medical illustrator, Speirs has been performing for over 30 years and is now an internationally known performer and teacher.
He continues to perform with such musicians as Tam White, James Grant and Carol Kidd.
# Kiamichi Economic Development District of Oklahoma

The Kiamichi Economic Development District of Oklahoma (KEDDO) is a voluntary association of cities, counties and special districts in Southeastern Oklahoma.
Based in Wilburton, the Kiamichi Economic Development District of Oklahoma is a member of the Oklahoma Association of Regional Councils (OARC).

## Counties served

* Choctaw
* Haskell
* Latimer
* Le Flore
* McCurtain
* Pittsburg
* Pushmataha

## Largest cities in the region

| City | Population (2008 est.) |
| McAlester | 18,388 |
| Poteau | 8,258 |
| Idabel | 6,851 |
| Hugo | 5,390 |
| Pocola | 4,464 |
| Broken Bow | 4,146 |

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 175,957 people, 67,896 households, and 48,946 families residing within the region. The racial makeup of the region was 75.87% White, 4.54% African American, 13.20% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.97% from other races, and 5.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.63% of the population.
The median income for a household in the region was $24,786, and the median income for a family was $30,485. The per capita income for the region was $13,529.
# Schönenberg an der Thur

Schönenberg an der Thur is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.
In 1996 the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipalities of Buhwil, Kradolf, and Neukirch an der Thur to form the new municipality of Kradolf-Schönenberg.
Schönenberg an der Thur is first mentioned in 883 as Thuruftisthorf. In 1359 it was mentioned as Schönnenberg.
The population in 1831 was 190 people, and by 1870 it had increased to 254. In 1910 there were 820 people. The population in 1960 was 813 and in 1995 it had increased to 1,249.
# Frisch family

Frisch is a Norwegian family of German origin, of which many members were associated with the Kongsberg Silver Mines for several centuries since the 17th century. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, family members were noted as goldsmiths in Oslo. Its most famous member is Ragnar Frisch, the first Nobel laureate in economics.
It is descended from Christopher Frisch (born 1615), who came from Germany to work for the Kongsberg Silver Mines in Norway. He was the father of Petter Christophersen Frisch (1640–1703) (also spelled Pieter Frisk). His sons were Paul Pettersen Frisch (1665–1730) and Christopher Pettersen Frisch (1672–1726). Paul Pettersen Frisch was married to Anne Antoniusdatter Nolt (born before 1678), daughter of Antonius Nolt (a German immigrant who also worked at the Kongsberg Silver Mines) and Barbro Hansdatter Schröder (1641–1712), a daughter of Hans Andersen Schröder (born ca. 1610–1615 in Sweden, died 1675). Paul Frisch and Anne Nolt were the parents of Ole Povelsen Frisch (1700–1779). Ole Povelsen Frisch was the great-grandfather of goldsmith in Christiania Antonius Povelsen Frisch (1826–1916), who was the father of goldsmith Anton Frisch (1865–1928) and grandfather of the economist and Nobel laureate Ragnar Frisch. The Frisch Centre in Oslo and the Frisch Medal in economics are both named for Ragnar Frisch. Ragnar Frisch was the maternal grandfather of the television presenter Nadia Hasnaoui.
# Sierra Leone at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Sierra Leone competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9, 2012.

## Athletics
### Men's track

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Mohamed Kamara | 100m T46 | 11.97 | 7 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mohamed Kamara | 200m T46 | 24.46 | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Chanelle

Chanelle is a feminine given name. It is a variant of the given name Chanel, which itself originated from the surname of Coco Chanel. It was among the most popular 1,000 names for newborn girls in the United States from 1987 to 1992, with a peak rank of 879th in 1991. People with this name include:
* Chanelle Charron-Watson (born 1984), Canadian swimmer
* Chanelle Hayes (born 1987), English television personality
* Chanelle Haynes (born 1978), singer and actress, formerly of gospel music group Trin-i-tee 5:7
* Chanelle Price (born 1990), American middle-distance runner
* Chanelle Scheepers (born 1984), South African tennis player
* Chanelle Sladics (born 1984), American snowboarder
# Fishing Australia

Fishing Australia is an Australian fishing television program, produced by WIN Television. The program premiered in 2001 and is broadcast on weekends on WIN Television.
Fishing Australia travels around Australia, fishing for different species of fish in unique locations. The show also features special guests ranging from iconic Australians, television and media personalities through to local fishing guides and identities. It is hosted by professional fishing guide, writer, photographer and television presenter, Rob Paxevanos.
# List of M Countdown Chart winners (2009)

The M Countdown Chart is a record chart on the South Korean Mnet television music program M Countdown. Every week, the show awards the best-performing single on the chart in the country during its live broadcast.

## Chart history

Key :
| | Triple Crown |
| | Highest score of the year |
| — | No show was held |
| Episode | Date | Artist | Song | Points |
| 121 | January 8 | SS501 | "U R Man" | 938 |
| 122 | January 15 | SS501 | "U R Man" | 928 |
| 123 | January 22 | Seungri | "Strong Baby" | 953 |
| 124 | February 5 | Seungri | "Strong Baby" | 946 |
| 125 | February 19 | Seungri | "Strong Baby" | 951 |
| 126 | February 26 | Seungri | "Strong Baby" | 942 |
| 127 | March 5 | Kara | "Honey" | 933 |
| 128 | March 12 | Kara | "Honey" | 960 |
| 129 | March 26 | Kara | "Honey" | 953 |
| 130 | April 2 | Davichi | "8282" | 961.4 |
| 131 | April 9 | Super Junior | "Sorry, Sorry" | 968.0 |
| 132 | April 16 | Son Dambi | "Saturday Night" | 948.1 |
| 133 | April 23 | Super Junior | "Sorry, Sorry" | 958.0 |
| 134 | April 30 | Davichi | "8282" | 956.2 |
| 135 | May 7 | 2PM | "Again & Again" | 970.2 |
| 136 | May 14 | 2PM | "Again & Again" | 973.4 |
| 137 | May 21 | 2PM | "Again & Again" | 975.0 |
| 138 | May 28 | 2PM | "Again & Again" | 946.5 |
| 139 | June 4 | SG Wannabe | "I Love You" | 945.1 |
| 140 | June 12 | SG Wannabe | "I Love You" | 938.1 |
| 141 | June 18 | V.O.S | "Trouble" | 941.9 |
| 142 | June 25 | V.O.S | "Trouble" | 946.0 |
| 143 | July 2 | 2PM | "I Hate You" | 941.3 |
| 144 | July 9 | 2PM | "I Hate You" | 968.0 |
| 145 | July 16 | 2PM | "I Hate You" | 969.8 |
| 146 | July 23 | 2NE1 | "I Don't Care" | 977.9 |
| 147 | July 30 | 2PM | "I Hate You" | 962.6 |
| 148 | August 6 | 2NE1 | "I Don't Care" | 979.8 |
| 149 | August 13 | 2NE1 | "I Don't Care" | 981.3 |
| 150 | August 20 | Brown Eyed Girls | "Abracadabra" | 944.5 |
| 151 | August 27 | 2NE1 | "I Don't Care" | 978.2 |
| 152 | September 3 | Brown Eyed Girls | "Abracadabra" | 970.9 |
| 153 | September 10 | G-Dragon | "Heartbreaker" | 973.2 |
| 154 | September 17 | G-Dragon | "Heartbreaker" | 974.5 |
| 155 | September 24 | G-Dragon | "Heartbreaker" | 975.7 |
| 156 | October 1 | 4Minute | "Muzik" | 959.7 |
| 157 | October 8 | Park Hyo-shin | "After Love" | 959.0 |
| 158 | October 15 | Kim Tae-woo | "Love Rain" | 952.9 |
| 159 | October 22 | Kim Tae-woo | "Love Rain" | |
| 160 | October 29 | Park Hyo-shin | "After Love" | 958.0 |
| 161 | November 5 | Shinee | "Ring Ding Dong" | 972.6 |
# Karl Gylche

Karl Gylche (17 December 1820 – 21 December 1878) was a Norwegian bailiff and politician.
He was born in Trondhjem as a son of Johan Fredrik Gylche. Karl Gylche started his career as a clerk for the vogt of Ørlandet, then Tromsøe. Gylche then became bailiff of Trondenes in 1841 and Inderøen in 1842. From 1867 he was head controller of liquor and malt production in Central Norway, first continuing his residence in Inderøen but eventually moving to Stiklestad. He was married to Jacobine Rebekka Holst.
He was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Finmarkens amt in 1850, 1853 and 1856. In the second half of 1857 and most of 1858, he was present in parliamentary session, filling in for Stephen Henry Thomas, who was on leave to manage a mining company in Chile. Karl Gylche was then elected as a member of Parliament in 1859 and 1862.
Gylche died at Stiklestad shortly after his 58th birthday. Trondhjems Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger gave the cause of death as pneumonia.
# Gareth Jenkins (scientist)

Gareth Jenkins is a professor of molecular carcinogenesis at Swansea University Medical School. Based in the Institute of Life Science, his interests include the study of DNA mutation induction (genetic toxicology) and the role of DNA mutations as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer. He is also director of research of the medical school and a “research leader” for Health and Care Research Wales.
Jenkins' research gained much recognition during 2016 when his revolutionary cancer-detecting blood test was widely covered in the British press.

## Education and career

Jenkins undertook a joint honours BSc in physics and biology (biophysics) at King's College London in 1987. Subsequent to this, he studied for an MSc in biotechnology (with business) at the University of West of England in 1991. He worked at Cardiff University in the pure and applied biology department from 1992 to 1993 before moving to the genetics department at Swansea University to undertake a PhD under the supervision of Professor Jim Parry. He joined the newly founded medical school in Swansea in 2004 as senior lecturer, appointed reader in 2007, then professor in 2010. He is currently the associate dean for research, innovation and impact in the faculty of medicine, Health and Life Science.
During the 2016 British Science Festival hosted in Swansea, Jenkins made national headlines during a presentation on his cancer-detecting blood test.

## Professional roles

Alongside his chair at Swansea University, Jenkins is the chair of the UK Government's Committee on Mutagenicity since 2021, having been a member from 2009-2019. He is (2020-2023) President of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS) and is also (2022-2026) President of the International Association of Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Societies (IAEMGS). He was a member of the South West Wales Local Regional Ethics Committee (LREC) from 2005 to 2009. He was editor of the Elsevier journal Mutation Research (Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis) from 2013 to 2015 and is currently a senior editor of the journal Mutagenesis. He was a sub panel member for the Research Excellence Framework (REF), sitting on the UoA3 sub panel in 2021/2022. He has an Honorary position at Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University (ABMU) Health Board.

## Awards and honours

Young Scientist prize, United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS) 2002 and the European Environmental Mutagen Society (EEMS) 2003. Committee Member United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS) 2012-2015. Member; British Association of Cancer Research (BACR), United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS).

## Other activities

Published book, Bile Acids: Toxicology and Bioactivity (2008), Royal Society of Chemistry Press. Over 120 scientific articles published (see reference 1)
# Juan García Rodenas

Juan García Rodenas (born 28 December 1976, in Albacete) is a Spanish writer.
Since 1996, García Rodenas has published his works in literary fanzines and magazines. He has written essays, articles, and poems, but he’s well known for his genre novels. His work Baladas que no canta el Diablo (El Libro de las Moscas) (Ballads the Devil Doesn’t Sing - The Book of Flies) was a finalist in the II Premio de Novela Negra Rodrigo Rubio in 1998. The novel Perritos (Little Dogs) won the V Premio de Novela de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in 2000. His most popular character is inspector Serrano, a Spanish occult detective, that appears in García Rodenas' saga La Saga de la Ciudad Oscura (Dark City Saga), an eight-novel story that mixes crime and horror with mystery and supernatural.
# Kenneth Pennycuick

Dr. Kenneth Pennycuick (28 May 1911 – 16 January 1995) was a British philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1980. He was president and later chairman of the Society of Postal Historians.
Pennycuick was a specialist in the philately of East Africa.
# Bethamangala

Bethamangala is a small town in the Kolar Gold Field taluk of Kolar district in the state of Karnataka, India. The town is centred around a large man-made lake created by damming the Palar river. The lake supplies drinking water to the nearby mining city of Kolar Gold Fields ("KGF"). The Bethamangala water works was established in 1903-04 and is a popular tourist site.

## History

The river Palar flows from the Nandi Hills and a dam on it creates the Bethamangala lake and further downstream another dam creates the Ramasagara. Inscriptions indicate that the embankment of Bethamangala breached in 950 AD and again in 1155 AD.
Bethamangala is home to the several temples including the Vijayendra temple, which dates back to the period of the Gangas and has been renovated by the Hoysalas and the Vijayanagar rulers. Lord Venkateshwara Temple in Bangaru Tirupati (Guttahalli), Kotilingeshwara Temple. The Sri Kodandaramaswamy Temple in Chennapalli near Kotiligeshwara has been newly renovated by Kammasandra Suresh who is a Social Worker and the native of Chennapalli. Villagers also joined hands for the renovation of this temple which is popularly known as Sri Ram Mandir of this region. Recently renovated Lord Venkateshwara Temple in Mahadevapura Village is located close to the town.

## Notable people

* K. Chengalaraya Reddy- First Chief Minister of Karnataka & Freedom Fighter
* A. Chinnappa- Member of Legislative Assembly