OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 495

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 495 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Florida v. Wells | 495 U.S. 1 | 1990 |
| New York v. Harris | 495 U.S. 14 | 1990 |
| Missouri v. Jenkins | 495 U.S. 33 | 1990 |
| Venegas v. Mitchell | 495 U.S. 82 | 1990 |
| Minnesota v. Olson | 495 U.S. 91 | 1990 |
| Osborne v. Ohio | 495 U.S. 103 | 1990 |
| Whitmore v. Arkansas | 495 U.S. 149 | 1990 |
| Ngiraingas v. Sanchez | 495 U.S. 182 | 1990 |
| Stewart v. Abend | 495 U.S. 207 | 1990 |
| United States v. Ojeda Rios | 495 U.S. 257 | 1990 |
| California v. American Stores Co. | 495 U.S. 271 | 1990 |
| Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp. v. Feeney | 495 U.S. 299 | 1990 |
| Delo v. Stokes | 495 U.S. 320 | 1990 |
| Atlantic Richfield Co. v. USA Petroleum Co. | 495 U.S. 328 | 1990 |
| Steelworkers v. Rawson | 495 U.S. 362 | 1990 |
| United States v. Munoz-Flores | 495 U.S. 385 | 1990 |
| Hughey v. United States | 495 U.S. 411 | 1990 |
| North Dakota v. United States | 495 U.S. 423 | 1990 |
| Davis v. United States | 495 U.S. 472 | 1990 |
| California v. FERC | 495 U.S. 490 | 1990 |
| Grady v. Corbin | 495 U.S. 508 | 1990 |
| United States v. Energy Resources Co. | 495 U.S. 545 | 1990 |
| Pennsylvania Dept. of Public Welfare v. Davenport | 495 U.S. 552 | 1990 |
| Taylor v. United States | 495 U.S. 575 | 1990 |
| Burnham v. Superior Court of Cal., County of Marin | 495 U.S. 604 | 1990 |
| Fort Stewart Schools v. FLRA | 495 U.S. 641 | 1990 |
| Citibank, N. A. v. Wells Fargo Asia Ltd. | 495 U.S. 660 | 1990 |
| Duro v. Reina | 495 U.S. 676 | 1990 |
| United States v. Montalvo-Murillo | 495 U.S. 711 | 1990 |
| Demosthenes v. Baal | 495 U.S. 731 | 1990 |
# Rime

Rime may refer to:
Rime is also an alternative spelling of "rhyme" as a noun:
* Syllable rime, term used in the study of phonology in linguistics
* Rime dictionary, type of ancient Chinese dictionary used for writing poetry
* Rime table, a syllable chart of the Chinese language
* Rime riche, a form of rhyme using identical sounds

## Literature

* The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, a 1798 poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
* Le Rime, a collection of lyrical poems by Dante Alighieri
* The Rime of King William, a poetic eulogy of William the Conqueror written in Old English

## Other uses

* Noémi Rime, French opera singer
* Rimé movement, an ecumenical movement within Tibetan Buddhism
* RelayNet International Mail Exchange (RIME), an e-mail exchange networking protocol
* Rime (video game), an action-adventure video game
# Richmond Township, Marquette County, Michigan

Richmond Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 806 at the 2020 census, down from 882 in 2010. The community of Palmer is located within the township.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 57.70 square miles (149.44 km$^2$), of which 55.65 square miles (144.13 km$^2$) are land and 2.05 square miles (5.31 km$^2$), 3.55%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 974 people, 393 households, and 262 families residing in the township. The population density was 17.5 per square mile (6.8/km$^2$). There were 467 housing units at an average density of 8.4 per square mile (3.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.05% White, 0.62% Native American, 0.31% Asian, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.
There were 393 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the township the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,917, and the median income for a family was $40,417. Males had a median income of $37,917 versus $21,154 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,084. About 5.4% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Rinku Hooda

Rinku Hooda (born 1 January 1999) is an Indian para javelin thrower who competes in the F46 category. He represented India at the 2016 Summer Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris, his second Olympics and finished at 5th spot with the best throw of 61.58 metres.

## Early life and background

Rinku is from a small village on the outskirts of Dhamar, Rohtak, Haryana. He was introduced to the sport of Javelin by fellow Indian para athlete Amit Kumar Saroha. As a young boy, he had lost his left arm in an accident involving a fan blade. He is supported by Olympic Gold Quest, a sports NGO.

## Career

Rinku competed in Rio in the same category as fellow Indian Para athlete and 2004 Paralympic Games Gold medalist Devendra Jhajharia. He came fifth, securing a new personal best of 54.39m.
He won a gold at the 22nd National Para Athletics Championships at Bambolim, Goa in March 2024. Earlier, he won a silver at the fourth Asian Para Games by throwing the javelin at 67.08m in China. In May 2024, he won a bronze in the men's F46 javelin throw event at the World Para Athletics Championship at Kobe, Japan.

## Achievements

Paralympics
| Year | Venue | Event | Score | Result |
| 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | javelin | 54.39 PB | 5th Rank |
World Championships
| Year | Venue | Event | Score | Result |
| 2017 | London | javelin | 55.12 | 4th Rank |
# Rinku Sen

Rinku Sen is an Indian-American author, activist, political strategist and the executive director of Narrative Initiative. She is also the co-president of the Women’s March Board of Directors. Sen is the former president and executive director of the racial justice organization Race Forward and publisher of ColorLines.com and Mother Jones magazine.

## Early life and education

Sen was born in Calcutta, India before her family moved to upstate New York when she was five years old. She was raised in New York State and received a B.A. in Women's Studies from Brown University in 1988 and an M.S. in Journalism from Columbia University in 2005. During an interview with NBC News, she recalls how her earliest recollections of her life in India were tinged by race. She grew up in predominantly white neighborhoods and spent her childhood trying to fit in with her peers.
She was a student activist at Brown University fighting against race, gender, and class discrimination. This is where she started learning how to organize. She was a coordinator for the United States Student Association where she trained other student organizers. She went on to join the Center for Third World Organizing as a trainer and went through their Movement Activist Apprenticeship.

## Career

She has written two books. Her first book, Stir It Up: Lessons in Community Organizing (Jossey-Bass) was commissioned by the Ms. Foundation for Women and released in the fall of 2003. Her second book, The Accidental American: Immigration and Citizenship in the Age of Globalization (Berrett-Koehler) was released in September 2008, winning the Nautilus Book Awards Silver Medal, as well as a Finalist for the ForeWord Magazine 2008 Book of the Year Award (May 2009), and the 2009 IPPY Book Awards in "Current Events" Bronze Medal (May 2009). She drafted the Shattered Families report, shedding light on the number of children who are in foster care as a result of their parents being deported. She led the Drop the I-Word Campaign which prompted media outlets including the Associated Press, USA Today, and LA Times to stop using the word "illegal" when referring to immigrants. Rinku has also worked as a political strategist with other organizations and foundations, including PolicyLink, the ACLU and the Nathan Cummings Foundation.

## Honors and awards

In 1996, Ms. Magazine named her one of 21 feminists to watch in the 21st century and she was named in 2008 by Utne Reader as one of 50 Visionaries who are changing the world.
# Thomas Hedley Co.

The Thomas Hedley Co. was a British company based in Newcastle upon Tyne manufacturing soap and candles. It was founded in 1837 by two businessmen, Thomas Hedley and John Green, who set up a manufacturing facility on the city's City Road. Tyneside was able to provide a ready source of sheep, which was a source of the main ingredient (tallow) in the production of both products.
Thomas Hedley himself died in 1890 and the business was carried on by his son. In 1898 the company became a limited company by issuing shares. In 1917 and 1918 the company expanded by acquiring the soap makers James Dyson & Co. of Elland in Yorkshire, and John Pickering & Sons Limited of Birmingham, Warwickshire.
The company continued to expand its City Road site. At the time City Road was primarily a residential area, and the expansion was a slow process, as Thomas Hedley had to buy a single property at a time. The City Road site continued after the company's acquisition, in 1930, by Procter and Gamble, and Thomas Hedley's Newcastle roots prompted P&G's presence on Tyneside. Other Hedley plants were in Trafford Park, Manchester and West Thurrock, Essex.
# Rick Reiff

Richard "Rick" Reiff (b. May 30, 1952 in Chicago) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist based in Orange County, California.
He is co-host of Studio SoCal, a weekly public affairs program on PBS SoCal KOCE-TV, the PBS flagship in the Los Angeles media market. He previously produced and hosted the station's SoCaL Insider with Rick Reiff and Inside OC with Rick Reiff for ten seasons. He is an editor-at-large and former editor of the Orange County Business Journal, a California business weekly. For that publication, he authored its OC Insider column for 15 years.

## Early life and education

Reiff was born on Chicago's North Side to parents of German and Italian ethnicity. He graduated from the city's Lane Tech High School in 1970. He earned a bachelor's degree from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in 1974.

## Career

He spent a year at the Norwalk (Ohio) Reflector before joining the Akron Beacon Journal in 1975. In 1986 he was the lead reporter for the paper's coverage of the battle between Goodyear Tire and corporate raider James "Jimmy" Goldsmith, which received the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting.
Reiff joined American City Business Journals later in 1987, where he served as managing editor of Business First in Columbus, Ohiol; and editor of the Westchester (N.Y.) Business Journal. In 1988 he joined the staff of Forbes magazine. In 1990 he became editor of the Orange County Business Journal.

## Awards

In 2001 Reiff received a Golden Mike Award for Best Original News Commentary from the Radio and TV News Association of Southern California. Inside OC won the Golden Mike for Best News Public Affairs Program in Southern California, Division B, in 2011 and its successor SoCal Insider won the same award in 2012 and 2013.
# Thomas Morgan (footballer)

Thomas Morgan (born 30 March 1977) is an Irish former footballer.

## Career

Morgan had made his first appearance in the green shirt for the under-15s - against Northern Ireland in Belfast, as captain under manager Joe McGrath and had also played at under-16 and under-18.
Thomas Morgan came to prominence during the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championships where he captained the Irish team which won the bronze medal. During those championships he lined up alongside the like of Damien Duff to face players like Juan Román Riquelme and Esteban Cambiasso of Argentina. At that time he was on the books of Blackburn Rovers and was highly regarded by the club having signed on his sixteenth birthday. There were offers to play with English lower league clubs but Morgan decided to return to Ireland and signed for St Patrick's Athletic where he won back to back league titles in '98 and '99.
Morgan moved to Newry Town F.C. in the Irish League making a scoring debut at Omagh Town on 26 August 2000.
He returned to the League of Ireland where he spent time with Bray Wanderers (39 total appearances), Shelbourne (where he won back to back league titles in '03 and '04) and Dundalk before joining Kildare County at the beginning of the 2006 season.
His first cousin is Wesley Hoolahan.

## Honours
### St Patrick's Athletic

* League of Ireland Premier Division (2): 1997-98, 1998-99

### Shelbourne

* League of Ireland Premier Division (2): 2003, 2004

### Ireland

* FIFA World Youth Championships
** 1997 - Republic of Ireland - Bronze medal
# John Bond (MP for Leominster)

John Bond (fl. 1402) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leominster in 1402. Nothing further on him has been found to have been recorded.
# John Gordon McMinnies

John Gordon McMinnies (17 May 1817 – 1 February 1890) was an English cotton manufacturer and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1885.
McMinnies was the son of John McMinnies of Lancaster. He was a senior partner in the firm of William Bashall and Co, cotton manufacturers. He was an alderman of Warrington and a J.P.
At the 1880 general election McMinnies was elected Member of Parliament for Warrington. He held the seat until 1885.
McMinnies died at the age of 72 .
# Tommy McHugh

Tommy McHugh (1949 – 19 September 2012) was a British artist and poet. In his early life, McHugh was a builder and was also involved in youth crimes. When he was 51, he suffered a stroke on both sides of his brain that resulted in two burst blood vessels. He was sent into a coma for a week and acquired savant syndrome.

## Injury

McHugh attempted to evacuate his bowels quickly due to a knock on the toilet door. The sudden pressure led to an artery being severed on his frontal and temporal lobes, causing him to haemorrhage.
While relearning after his stroke, he began to write poetry to express everything he was experiencing. He also experienced an identity crisis which was most likely the motivation for his artistic outputs.
As an attempt to figure out the cause of his sudden personality change, McHugh wrote to and worked with two neuroscientists: Alice Flaherty from Harvard Medical School and Mark Lythgoe from University College London. A paper has been published about their discoveries.

## Death

McHugh died in 2012 from cancer.
Before his death, McHugh said that his strokes "have given [him] 11 years of a magnificent adventure that nobody could have expected."
# Jennika (disambiguation)

Jennika is a superheroine appearing in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic books.
Jennika may also refer to:
# Santa Rosa Arch

The Santa Rosa Arch, also known as the Bantayang Bato, is a monument in the city of Santa Rosa in Laguna, Philippines.

## History

The original structure was built between 1859 and 1860 and was patterned after the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. It was commissioned to be built by Arcadio Arambulo.
It was built as a replacement to an old guard tower which was used by the Spanish colonial authorities to guard the then-town from bandits. The current structure was erected in 1925 during the tenure of Municipal President Jose Zavalla.
Local sculptor David Dia was commissioned to renovate the arch in 1931. Since the 1931 renovation, the arch exhibits Art Deco characteristics.

## Features

The monument features four lion sculptures which is symbolically meant to be the guardians of Santa Rosa. These features is the origin of Santa Rosa's title as the "Lion City of South Luzon". The arch also had a structured staircase, a sunburst design on its alcove, and a grand lady flaming torch and features a wraparound balcony. It also exhibits frieze and a relief of trumpeting angels.

## Cultural significance

The Santa Rosa Arch is considered as a primary landmark of Santa Rosa serving as a gateway to the city. The monument is also a central element of the city seal of Santa Rosa.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 491

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 491 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Pennsylvania v. Union Gas Co. | 491 U.S. 1 | 1989 |
| Will v. Michigan Department of State Police | 491 U.S. 58 | 1989 |
| Quinn v. Millsap | 491 U.S. 95 | 1989 |
| Michael H. v. Gerald D. | 491 U.S. 110 | 1989 |
| Patterson v. McLean Credit Union | 491 U.S. 164 | 1989 |
| Dellmuth v. Muth | 491 U.S. 223 | 1989 |
| Colonial Am. Life Ins. Co. v. Comm'r | 491 U.S. 244 | 1989 |
| Carella v. California | 491 U.S. 263 | 1989 |
| Missouri v. Jenkins | 491 U.S. 274 | 1989 |
| Consol. Rail Corp. v. Ry. Labor Executives' Ass'n | 491 U.S. 299 | 1989 |
| Healy v. Beer Institute | 491 U.S. 324 | 1989 |
| N.O. Pub. Serv. Inc. v. City of New Orleans | 491 U.S. 350 | 1989 |
| Jones v. Thomas | 491 U.S. 376 | 1989 |
| Texas v. Johnson | 491 U.S. 397 | 1989 |
| Public Citizen v. Department of Justice | 491 U.S. 440 | 1989 |
| Pitts. & Lake Erie R. Co. v. Ry. Labor Executives' Ass'n | 491 U.S. 490 | 1989 |
| Fla. Star v. B. J. F. | 491 U.S. 524 | 1989 |
| United States v. Zolin | 491 U.S. 554 | 1989 |
| Massachusetts v. Oakes | 491 U.S. 576 | 1989 |
| United States v. Monsanto | 491 U.S. 600 | 1989 |
| Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered v. United States | 491 U.S. 617 | 1989 |
| Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton | 491 U.S. 657 | 1989 |
| Jett v. Dallas Independent School Dist. | 491 U.S. 701 | 1989 |
| Flight Attendants v. Zipes | 491 U.S. 754 | 1989 |
| Ward v. Rock Against Racism | 491 U.S. 781 | 1989 |
# John Chardon

John Chardon (also Charden, Charldon and Charlton) (died 1601) was an Englishman who became the Church of Ireland bishop of Down and Connor from 1596 to 1601.

## Life

A native of Devon, he became a sojourner of Exeter College, Oxford, in 1562 at a young age. He was elected probationer on 3 March 1565, and after some wildness, on 24 October 1566 was admitted full and perpetual scholar after he had publicly sworn obedience to the statutes. Chardon proceeded B.A. and received priest's orders the same month. He resigned his fellowship on 6 April 1568.
In 1571 he was a schoolmaster at Worksop, Nottinghamshire, holding possibly at the same time the post of chaplain to Sir Gervase Clifton (d. 1581). On 9 August of that year he was instituted to the living of Heavitree, near Exeter, and on 27 May 1572 he proceeded M.A. He was a noted preacher, upholding the reformed doctrine, and at the same time defending the order of the Church of England. On 15 November 1581 he took the degree of B.D., and proceeded D.D. on 14 April 1586. In 1596 he was appointed bishop of Down and Connor by patent, and was consecrated on 4 May in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, receiving from the crown on the 26th of the same month the vicarage of Cahir in the diocese of Lismore; he was also appointed to the wardenship of St. Mary's College, Youghal, on the resignation of Nathaniel Baxter in 1598.

## Works

His published sermons included the funeral sermon for Sir Gawen Carew, buried in Exeter Cathedral on 22 April 1584, and one from 1594 dedicated Thomas Fulford and commemorating the relief of Exeter in the Prayer Book Rebellion. The Casket of Jewels from 1571 is a work of moral philosophy, a translation of the Brevis et perspicua totius ethicae seu de moribus philosophiae descriptio (1566) of the humanist Cornelius Valerius (1512–1578).
# John Belli

Major John Belli was an English-born American military officer who served as the Quartermaster General of the United States Army from 1792 to 1794. The first settler in Scioto County, Ohio, he lived there until his death in 1809. Belli purchased land from Larkin Smith in 1795.

## Personal life

Ruben Gold Thwaite described Belli as descending from a French father and Dutch mother. He was born in about 1760 and educated in England. Although he inherited estates in Holland, Belli emigrate to America and landed in Alexandria, Virginia in 1783, with letters of recommendation from John Jay.
Belli came to Scioto County, Ohio shortly after he purchased land from Smith in 1795, when he hired a man to clear the land, build a house, plant orchards, and perform other necessary tasks to make the land on a new farm. Belli married once, to Cynthia Harrison (cousin of future president William Henry Harrison) in 1800. They moved from Alexandria, Virginia to his farm in Turkey Creek, Scioto County. There he built a two story home, facing the Ohio River and named it 'Belvidere.' Belli would be known as a continental man of aristocratic demeanor, who never wore the pioneer's uniform of a hunter's shirt and leggings.
When Major Belli died in 1809, he left behind his widow, Cynthia and a young family.

## Military career

When Major Belli bought the land from Larkin Smith, he had just finished serving as Deputy General Quarter Master on the general staff of Major General Anthony Wayne's Legion. Major Belli played a critical role in supplying United States forces in the Northwest Indian War's climatic Battle at Fallen Timbers in 1794.
# Jean-Jacques Pelletier

Jean-Jacques Pelletier (born 1947 in Montreal, Quebec) is a French Canadian philosophy professor and author. Pelletier was a long-time philosophy teacher with the Lévis-Lauzon post-secondary school, but is best known in several media as an author of French-language thrillers, some of which have an element of fantasy. Many of his works have received critical acclaim, as his short story "La Bouche barbelée" won a CBC/Radio-Canada contest in 1993.
Pelletier has had several other works published as well, and his works Blunt - Les treize derniers jours and La Chair disparue were published as serials in the popular Montreal magazine La Presse in 1997–1998.
La Chair disparue was chosen for inclusion in the French version of Canada Reads, broadcast on Radio-Canada in 2005, where it was defended by pianist Alain Lefèvre.