OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tournus

Tournus (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geography

Tournus is located on the right bank of the Saône, 20 km. northeast of Mâcon on the Paris-Lyon railway. In 1972 Tournus absorbed the former commune Plottes.

## Sights

The church of St Philibert (early 11th century), is the main surviving building of the former Benedictine abbey of Tournus, suppressed in 1785. It is in the Burgundian Romanesque style. The façade lacks one of the two flanking towers originally designed for it. The nave is roofed with barrel vaulting, supported on tall cylindrical columns. Both the choir and the 11th century crypt beneath it have an ambulatory and side chapels.
In the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville stands a statue of Jean-Baptiste Greuze, born in the town in 1725.

## Economy

Tournus is an important tourist area, with one four-star hotel (the Greuze) and one three-star hotel (the Rempart). In 2013, four restaurants had a Michelin star: the Greuze, Quartier Gourmand, Aux Terasses, and Meulien.
There are vineyards in the surrounding district and the town and its port have considerable commerce in wine and in stone from the neighboring quarries. Chairmaking was an important industry.
There are several industrial areas to the north and south-west. The town manufactures a large quantity of domestic white goods, at the Groupe SEB factory, and cookware at the Tefal factory.
There is a market every Saturday morning.

## Sport

* On 9 June 2009, the town was the start of the 182 km (113 mi) Stage 3 of the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré cycle race.
* On 10 July 2010, the town was en route of the 165.5 km (102.8 mi) Stage 7 of the Tour de France cycle race.

## Notable people

See also: Category:People from Tournus.
* Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725–1805), painter.
* Albert Thibaudet (1874–1936), a French essayist and literary critic.
* Gabriel Voisin (1880–1973), aviation and automobile pioneer.
* Marie-Hélène Mathieu, (born 1929), religious worker for the disabled.
* Josiane Bost (born 1956), a French former racing cyclist
# James Franklin Harris

James F. Harris (born 1941) is an American philosopher and Francis S. Haserot Emeritus Professor at College of William & Mary. He is known for his works on philosophy of religion.

## Books

* Against Relativism: A Philosophical Defense of Method (LaSalle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company,1992)
* Philosophical at 33 rpm: Themes of Classic Rock Music (LaSalle, IL: Open Court Publishing Company,1993)
* Analytic Philosophy of Religion (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002)
* The Ascent of Man: A Philosophy of Human Nature (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2010)
* The Serpentine Wall: The Winding Boundary between Church and State in the United States (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2013).
* Analyticity (ed.) (Chicago, IL: Quadrangle Books, 1970)
* Logic, God, and Metaphysics (ed.) (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992).
# James Franklin Lane

James Franklin Lane (1874–1944) was an American educator and college president. For 37 years, he served as the third president of Lane College, a private historically black college located in Jackson, Tennessee. He was the son of bishop Isaac Lane, the namesake of Lane College.

## Early life and education

James Franklin Lane was born February 18, 1874, in Jackson, Tennessee, to parents Francis (née Boyce) and Isaac Lane. His father was the fifth bishop of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America (later known as the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church). He had 10 siblings, his sister Jennie Lane became the first teacher and principal of Lane College.
He attended high school and the normal school coursework at Lane College. Lane continued his studies at Central Tennessee College (later known as Walden University) in Nashville (B.A. degree 1891). Lane did academic work at Harvard College in 1897. He received a M.A. degree from Central Tennessee College in 1903.

## Career

In 1896, Lane was the principal at Panola High School in Sardis, Mississippi. He went on to teach mathematics at Lane College, shortly followed by a promotion to department head teacher. Lane was elected president of Lane College in 1907, succeeding James Albert Bray who had left to serve as president of Miles College in Fairfield, Alabama. He remained as president for 37 years. During his administration, the college improved its educational facilities and became one of the few Black schools to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Lane died at the age of 70 on December 11, 1944, in Jackson, Tennessee.
# Lee Yoon-sub

Lee Yoon-Sub (Korean: 이윤섭; born 30 July 1979) is a South Korean football player.
# James Clark Bunten (engineer)

James Clark Bunten (1838–1901) was a British engineer born in the Scottish city of Glasgow, who went on to be a partner in the Anderston Foundry and chairman of the Caledonian Railway.

## Biography

James Clark Bunten was born on 23 January 1838, the son of Mr. Robert Bunten, a merchant of Glasgow, and his wife Agnes, née Clark. He served an apprenticeship at the Anderston Foundry in Glasgow, and went on to become a partner and the manager of the foundry.
He married Jessie Maclure on 1 June 1865, and they had one daughter.
The works at Anderston were extended under his management, and a large foundry and machine shop was also established at Middlesbrough, in north-eastern England. The Anderston Foundry was heavily involved in the manufacture of railway equipment, and, on 10 May 1881, Bunten was appointed a director of the Caledonian Railway, one of Scotland's principal railway companies. In 1897 he was appointed chairman of that company, a role he retained until 1901. Besides his roles with the Anderton Foundry and the Caledonian Railway, he was also a director of the Bank of Scotland and Director of the Bank of Scotland and a member of the Scottish Board of the Liverpool and London Globe Insurance Company.
James Clark Bunten died, aged 63, on 9 July 1901, at Richmond in Surrey.
# Jesse McClure

Jesse F. McClure III (born 1972) is a Judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.

## Biography

McClure graduated from Marcos de Niza High School in Tempe, Arizona, received his Bachelor of Arts, with honors, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and his Juris Doctor from the University of Texas School of Law. He spent the 1992–1993 academic year at the University of Sussex near Brighton, United Kingdom.

## Legal career

McClure began his career as an associate with Brown McCarroll and Oaks Hartline, and then served as an Assistant District Attorney for Tarrant County. He was briefly an attorney at the United States Department of Homeland Security, and then became a special prosecutor for the Texas Department of Insurance.

## State court service

In 2019, Governor Greg Abbott appointed McClure to the trial court bench in Harris County. He was elevated to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in December 2020. He is the first African American judge on the court since 1998, and the third African American judge on the court in Texas history. Judge McClure was elected to a full term in 2022, recording the largest margin of victory by percentage of any statewide candidate on the ballot.
McClure is also the sixth African American to hold statewide office in Texas overall following Louis Sturns, Morris Overstreet, Michael Williams, Wallace Jefferson and Dale Wainwright.
# Ropica fulvostictica

Ropica fulvostictica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning and de Jong in 1941.
# Jewish revolt

Jewish revolt may refer to the following:
* Judah's revolts against Babylon 601- 586 BCE
* Maccabean revolt 167–141 BCE
* Judas of Galilee uprisings in 4 BCE and 6 CE
* Jacob and Simon uprising 46 CE
* Jewish–Roman wars 66–135
** First Jewish–Roman War 66–73
** Kitos War 115–17
** Bar Kokhba revolt 132–35
* Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus 351–52
* Samaritan revolts 484–573
* Mar Zutra II revolt in Sasanian Persia 495–502
* Jewish revolt against Heraclius 614–17
* David Alroy uprising 11th century
* Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine, 1940s
# Aweke

Aweke (Amharic: አወቀ (āwek’e), its literal meaning in the Amharic-language being "know", "notice", "realize") is an Amharic-language male given name which like all Ethiopian male given names can also be used as a patronymic surname and may refer to:
# Sangrampur railway station

Sangrampur railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Diamond Harbour Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Sangrampur railway station is situated beside Mandirbazar Road at Sangrampur, South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

In 1883, the Eastern Bengal Railway constructed a 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)-wide broad-gauge railway from Baruipur Junction to Diamond Harbour via Sangrampur.

## Electrification

Electrification from Baruipur Junction to Diamond Harbour including Sangrampur was completed with 25 kV AC overhead system in 1965–66.

## Station complex

The platform is very much well sheltered. The station possesses many facilities including water and sanitation. There is a proper approach road to this station.
# Traffic wave

Traffic waves, also called stop waves, ghost jams, traffic snakes or traffic shocks, are traveling disturbances in the distribution of cars on a highway. Traffic waves travel backwards relative to the cars themselves. Relative to a fixed spot on the road the wave can move with, or against the traffic, or even be stationary (when the wave moves away from the traffic with exactly the same speed as the traffic). Traffic waves are a type of traffic jam. A deeper understanding of traffic waves is a goal of the physical study of traffic flow, in which traffic itself can often be seen using techniques similar to those used in fluid dynamics. It is related to the accordion effect.

## Mitigation

It has been said that by knowing how traffic waves are created, drivers can sometimes reduce their effects by increasing vehicle headways and reducing the use of brakes, ultimately alleviating traffic congestion for everyone in the area. However, in other models, increasing headway leads to diminishing the capacity of the travel lanes, increasing the congestion; however, disputed by acknowledging that similar principles apply to herding sheep through gates, and that in such a case, via human intervention, solitons are diminished simply by slapping "stuck sheep" and holding back aggressive sheep. In funnelling sheep through gates it can be determined how much intervention is needed to curb bottlenecks. Similar principles can be applied to human traffic streams, where, if each individual had the knowledge of final destination and complete route planning, then traversal along a route would be done so with the full knowledge that any abrupt change from any itinerary causes delays for those about to traverse the same route.

## History

The earliest theoretical model of traffic shock waves was offered by Lighthill and Whitham in 1955. The following year Paul Richards independently published a similar model. Both papers were based on fluid dynamics and the model is known as the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model.
# John Challis (activist)

John Challis (born 1928) is an Australian LGBT activist,
known for his campaigns for equality in superannuation law. Challis makes media appearances as spokesman for the lobby group ComSuper Action Committee.
MP Warren Entsch acknowledged Challis as being one of the leading campaigners for same-sex equality in Australia.
Challis worked for the ABC until 1988, before retiring. He and his partner survive from the income of his Commonwealth superannuation.
"I'm 79, my partner Arthur Cheeseman is 75. We've lived together for 40 years. Now I've got a Commonwealth pension. If I had a wife or a female de facto, if I died she would get two thirds of my pension for life. If I die first, Arthur gets nothing. That's the issue," said Challis. "While we were both still working, in order that I could put extra money into superannuation, we lived mostly on his wages. So the pension is part of his investment also. I'm worried about what will happen to my partner when I die."
As Australia's most vocal campaigner for same-sex superannuation reform, Challis said in 2007 that at age 79, he and his partner could not afford to be patient. The couple are planning for the possibility that Challis may die before the legislative changes occur.
# Rio de Janeiro state football team results

For the results of the Rio de Janeiro state football team, see:
* Rio de Janeiro state football team results (1901–1950)
* Rio de Janeiro state football team results (1951–2010)
# John Dardess

John Wolfe Dardess (January 17, 1937 – March 31, 2020) was an American historian of China, especially the Ming dynasty. He wrote nine books on the topic, including A Ming Society. He learned Chinese in the American military, and was posted to Taiwan. Earning his PhD from Columbia University in 1968, he taught at the University of Kansas from 1966 to 2002, becoming director of the Center for East Asian Studies in 1995. One obituary summarised his principal legacy as consisting “not in any particular interpretation he offered, but in a voracious appetite for delving into the written sources, the courage to ask stimulating new questions, and the historical imagination to wonder about the common humanity that linked the authors he read and their communities with his own times." He drew notice for pointing to continuities in Chinese history and drawing parallels between contemporary and Ming politics.

## Books

Dardess's books include:
* Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yuan China (Columbia University Press, 1973)
* Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in the Founding of the Ming Dynasty (University of California Press, 1983)
* A Ming Society: T'ai-ho County, Kiangsi, in the Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries (University of California Press, 1996)
* Blood and History in China. The Donglin Faction and Its Repression, 1620-1627 (University of Hawai'i Press, 2002)
* Governing China, 150-1850 (Hackett Publishing Co., 2010)
* Ming China 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire (Rowman & Littlefield, 2012)
* A Political Life in Ming China: A Grand Secretary and His Times (Rowman & Littlefield, 2013)
* Four Seasons: A Ming Emperor and His Grand Secretaries in Sixteenth-century China (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016)
* More Than the Great Wall: The Northern Frontier and Ming National Security, 1368–1644 (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020)
# José Sanchis Grau

José Sanchis Grau (19 June 1932 – 2 August 2011) was a Spanish comic book writer. He also worked for Editorial Bruguera and Spanish children comics in general. He was the creator of strips like Pumby (1954) and Robín Robot (1972).

## Biography
### Early years

Sanchis was born in Valencia. He started drawing for money when he was 16 years old, in 1948, and later for the magazine Jaimito, with his first recurring character, El soldadito Pepe. Despite being accidentally wounded by gunfire in 1950, he continued to draw for the editorial for the magazine "Cubilete" and the press of Valencia, giving life to series of minor significance, such as El Machote, El Recluta Policarpo, Pandolfito Cebollínez, Gaspar, etc.

### Maturity

In 1954, on the number 260 of the magazine Jaimito, appeared his most prominent character, the cat Pumby, in whose series the author gave free rein to his fantasy, quickly connecting with young audiences. Prove of this is that a few months later, on 23 April 1955, a new magazine with the name of the character, Pumby was launched and it exceeded one thousand numbers, and in December 1959 appeared Super Pumby.
At the same time he developed new comedy series for the weekly magazine directed at women Mariló such as Marilín y la moda (1955) and for Jamito such as El Capitán Mostachete (1958), Sandokancio or Don Esperpento. He worked at Editorial Valenciana until its demise in 1984, but this does not prevent him from publishing works in the press or humorous magazines from other publishers. Some remarkable characters are Benjamín y su pandilla (1955) for the weekly children's Trampolín or Robín Robot, who developed his adventures in the magazine Zipi y Zape of Editorial Bruguera in 1972.

### Later work

After several trials, two judgments were published and Sanchis finally got the rights to his character, who until that point was held by the heirs of Editorial Valenciana. He also achieved "moral compensation for damages resulting from the misappropriation of his work by a third party to use it to non-consensual ends".

## Work

| Years | Title | Kind | Publication |
| 1948 | El Soldadito Pepe | Series | Taco Myrga, "Jaimito" (Valenciana) |
| 1948 | El Machote | Series | Taco Myrga, "Jaimito" |
| 1948 | El Recluta Policarpo | Series | "Cubilete" |
| 1948 | Pandolfito Cebollínez | Series | "Jaimito" |
| 1948 | Gaspar | Series | "La hora del recreo" |
| 1954 | Pumby | Series | "Pumby" (Valenciana) |
| 1958 | El Capitán Mostachete | Series | "Jaimito" (Valenciana) |
| 1972 | Robín Robot | Series | "Zipi y Zape" (Bruguera) |
| 1978 | Mazinger-Z, el robot de las estrellas | Serial, co-written with Federico Amorós | Valenciana |
# Jakkals

The Jakkals is a small, agile weapon carrier and utility vehicle for airborne units of the former South African Defence Force and current South African National Defence Force. The Jakkals can be deployed by land, lifted by helicopter, air dropped and delivered via aircraft.
Weapons mounted on the Jakkals include the 106mm M40 recoilless rifle, M2 Browning heavy machine gun, various general purpose machine guns as well as acting as a tractor for the Valkiri-5 multiple rocket launcher or anti-aircraft guns such as the ZU-23-2.
It can also be deployed with a small trailer and used as a logistical support vehicle, especially for the 120 mm mortars as with airborne artillery. The Jakkals has only been used in defense operations by the South African Airborne Units during the South African Border Wars.
# Laure de La Raudière

Laure de La Raudière (born 12 February 1965) is a French politician of Agir who has been serving chair of the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications, Postal and Print Media Distribution (ARCEP) since 2021. From 2007 until 2021, she was a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the Eure-et-Loir department.

## Political career

From 2015 until 2017, De La Raudière was a member of The Republicans. Following the 2017 legislative election, she stood as a candidate for the National Assembly's presidency; in the vote, she lost against François de Rugy.
In parliament, De La Raudière served on the Committee on Economic Affairs. In addition to her committee assignments, she was a member of the French-Estonian Parliamentary Friendship Group and the French-Irish Parliamentary Friendship Group.
In November 2017, De La Raudière co-founded Agir. Under the leadership of party chairman Franck Riester, she has since been serving as deputy chair alongside Frédéric Lefebvre, Fabienne Keller and Claude Malhuret.

## Chair of ARCEP

In January 2021, De la Raudière was nominated by President Emmanuel Macron as chairwoman of the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications, Postal and Print Media Distribution (ARCEP).

## Political positions

In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, De La Raudière endorsed Bruno Le Maire as the party's candidate for the office of President of France.
In 2018, De La Raudière voted for the use of Glyphosate in cultural process in France.
# Laurel Lamp Company

The Laurel Lamp Manufacturing Company Inc. (often referred to as the Laurel Lamp Company or Laurel) was an American manufacturer of lamps and home furnishings based in Newark, New Jersey from 1946 to 1981. The Laurel Lamp Company was founded by Max Weiss and his two sons, Murray and Harold Weiss.
Laurel was known for its original mid-century modern lamp designs and other home furnishings in traditional, contemporary, and post-modern styles. The company’s design work was overseen by co-founder and president Harold Weiss and was supplemented by collaborations with notable designers including Pierre Cardin, Bijan of California and the House of Salviati in Murano, Italy.

## History
### 1913–1945

The history of the Laurel Lamp Company begins with Max Weiss, a Polish tinsmith who immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century. In 1913, Weiss and his uncle, Aaron Habacht, formed a lamp company called, Habacht and Weiss, selling oil lamps, gas ceiling fixtures and coach lanterns. When electricity became more widely available in homes, Habacht and Weiss began shifting production to portable electric lamps and changed the name of the company to the Sunset Lighting Fixture Company. In 1924, the Sunset Lighting Fixture Company merged with The Mutual Lamp Manufacturing Company to create the Mutual-Sunset Lamp Manufacturing Company. In 1943, Max Weiss had a heart-attack and retired from Mutual Sunset.

### 1946–1983

In 1946, Max Weiss came out of retirement and along with his two sons, Murray and Harold Weiss formed the Laurel Lamp Manufacturing Company.
In April 1969, Instrument Systems Corporation, now known as Griffon, acquired Laurel for US $3.6 million. Harold Weiss remained as President of Laurel under the new ownership. By 1971, Laurel had expanded to open showrooms in New York, High Point Market North Carolina, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.
In January 1979, Instrument Systems terminated Mr. Weiss’ contract and Henry Jampol was named president of Laurel. In 1981, Howard Wolff was president of the Laurel Lamp Company.
Laurel’s corporate status was revoked in 1981. In 1983, Westwood Lighting Group purchased the remainder of Laurel’s assets before folding the brand into Westwood’s existing product line.

## Laurel designs and designers

Many of Laurel’s designs were original concepts created in-house by co-founder and president Harold Weiss, American sculptor Richard “Dick” Barr and other staff designers. Notably in 1971, Laurel collaborated with the Venetian glass manufacturer, The House of Salviati in Murano, to create Venetian glass sculptural lamps. In 1977, the company partnered with French designer Pierre Cardin to produce a lighting collection as part of Cardin's entry into the American furnishing industry.
# Tom Outridge

Tom Outridge may refer to:
* Tom Outridge Sr. (1898–1973), Australian rules football player and administrator
* Tom Outridge Jr. (1927–2003), his son, Australian cricketer
# HMS Cotswold (L54)

HMS Cotswold was a Type I Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy which served in World War II. She was scrapped in 1957.

## Service history

Cotswold was ordered on 11 April 1939 under the 1939 War Emergency Build Programme as job number 1836. She was completed in November 1940. She was adopted by the civil community of North Cotswold Urban District in Gloucestershire as part of Warship Week in 1942, with the fundraising led by Clare Spurgin.
She earned battle honours during the Second World War for the North Sea 1941–1945, where she spent the majority of her service. During 1942 she struck a mine off Ordfordness, and was subsequently repaired in HM Dockyard, Chatham. In June 1944 she formed part of the Naval escort force in support of the Normandy Landings.
Following the war she was transferred to the Reserve Fleet at Portsmouth in June 1946, transferring to Harwich in 1958. She remained there until sold to Thos. W. Ward for scrap. She arrived at the breakers yard at Grays, Essex on 1 September 1957.