OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toru Sakai

Toru Sakai (born July 17, 1958) is a Japanese jurist who has served as an associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan since 2021.

## Education and career

Sakai was born on July 17, 1958, in Japan. He attended the University of Tokyo and graduated with a degree in law in 1982. Before his appointment to the Supreme Court, he served as a prosecutor in Tokyo and Osaka, among other places.

## Supreme Court

On September 3, 2021, Sakai was appointed to the Supreme Court of Japan. In Japan, justices are formally nominated by the Emperor (at that time, Naruhito) but in reality the Cabinet selects the nominees and the Emperor's role is a formality.
Sakai's term is scheduled to end on July 16, 2028 (one day before his seventieth birthday). This is because all members of the court have a mandatory retirement age of 70.
# Toru Shimizu

Toru Shimizu from the Renesas Electronics Corp., Tokyo, Japan, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for the development of integrated multi-core microprocessors with large memories.
# Lee Penny

Lee Penny is a former Scotland international rugby league footballer.
Penny was born in Wigan in 1974, he attended St Cuthberts Infant and Junior School and St Thomas More High School.
Penny played in the fullback position and was a Scotland international and played at the 2000 Rugby League World Cup.
Penny played at Warrington Wolves before moving to Salford City Reds.
He then moved on to play Rugby Union for Vale of Lune RUFC in North 1 where he spent 2 seasons.
# James Franklin Perry

James Franklin Perry (1790–1853) was an American who was an early settler of Texas. James married to Emily Austin Perry, and together they operated Peach Point Plantation. He was involved in Texas land distribution.

## Life

James Franklin Perry was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania on September 19, 1790. He married Emily Austin on September 23, 1824. He was her second husband, and the two had six children together:
* Stephen Samuel Perry (born June 24, 1825, in Potosi, Missouri; died September 5, 1874, in Brazoria, Texas).
* Emily Rosanna Perry (born September 24, 1826, in Potosi, Missouri; died December 6, 1827, in Potosi, Missouri).
* Eliza Margaret Perry (born January 3, 1828, in Potosi, Missouri; died January 3, 1862, in Austin, Texas.
* James Elijah Brown Perry (born May 17, 1830, in Potosi, Missouri; died February 14, 1831, in Chocolate Bayou, Texas.
* Henry Austin Perry (born November 17, 1831, at Chocolate Bayou, Texas; died September 10, 1853, in Biloxi, Mississippi).
* Cecilia Perry (born December 10, 1835, at Peach Point Plantation; died June 8, 1836, at Peach Point Plantation
By marrying Emily Austin, James became owner of Peach Point Plantation and was one of the first plantation owners to shift from cotton to sugar production. He also was involved in the earliest plans for a railroad in Texas. He was offered the position of Secretary of the Treasury of the Republic of Texas in 1839, but declined. James was also the executor of the will of Stephen F. Austin (Emily Austin's brother), a distinction that directly involved him in land distribution, maps, and early Texas colonial affairs. A court case related to titles of land was at one time filed and even appealed by Sam Houston against James Franklin Perry in his capacity as executor for Stephen F. Austin.
James Franklin Perry and his son Henry each died from yellow fever on September 13, 1853. There are obituary references to James in various newspapers.

## Legacy

Letters between James, his wife, and their son, Stephen, serve as significant records, frequently referenced as foundational in Texas history. They were archived in the 1930s and housed at the Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin.
Perry's Landing, in Brazoria, Texas, is named for James Franklin Perry. There is an historical marker for James Franklin Perry at the Gulf Prairie Cemetery. He is referenced as "James F. Perry" in the Supreme Court decision Bryan v. Kennett.
# Lefevrea ancora

Lefevrea ancora is a species of leaf beetle of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described by the Belgian entomologist Louis Jules Léon Burgeon [nl] in 1940.
# Lefevrea annae

Lefevrea annae is a species of leaf beetle of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described by the Belgian entomologist Louis Jules Léon Burgeon [nl] in 1940.
# James Clark McKerrow

James Clark McKerrow (21 May 1887 – 1965) was a British physician and philosopher.

## Biography

McKerrow was born on 21 May 1887 in Workington. He was educated at University of Edinburgh and obtained his M.B. in 1912. During World War I he served in the Territorial Force but after being wounded joined family medical practice in Workington. McKerrow dedicated much of his life to studying evolution, philosophy, psychology and religious experiences. He studied at the British Museum Reading Room and filled 500 notebooks with his ideas. He wrote numerous philosophical and psychology books.
McKerrow was an original thinker and held unorthodox opinions about different subjects. In his book Religion and History, he argued that there never was an Apostolic Age and that Christianity began between A.D. 70 and 135 from Gnosticism, a blend of pagan philosophy and Jewish Messianism. McKerrow denied the historicity of Jesus and maintained that Christ is "mythical" not a historical figure.
McKerrow's Evolution Without Natural Selection promotes a Lamarckian alternative to natural selection. He contended that life must be accepted as a "four-dimensional process" and that living organisms evolve though "habit". This idea was similar to Samuel Butler's.
McKerrow died from cancer in 1965.

## Selected publications

* The Appearance of Mind (1923)
* Aberrations of Life (1923)
* Economics for Nicodemus (1927)
* Novius Organum: Essays in a New Metaphysic (1931)
* An Introduction to Pneumatology (1932)
* Religion and History (1934)
* Evolution Without Natural Selection (1937)
# Lee White (sailor)

Lee White (born 13 September 1957) is a Bermudian sailor. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Lee Williams

Lee Williams may refer to:

## Sports

* Lee Williams (American football) (born 1962), American football player
* Lee Williams (basketball) (1918–1997), American basketball coach and executive
* Lee Williams (footballer) (born 1973), English footballer
* Lee Williams (golfer) (born 1981), American golfer
* Lee Williams (rugby league) (born 1988), Welsh rugby league player
* Lee Williams (rugby union) (born 1986), Welsh rugby union player

## Others

* Lee Williams (actor) (born 1974), British actor and model
* Lee Williams (conductor), Canadian rail worker
* Lee "Shot" Williams (1938–2011), American soul, soul blues, and R&B singer
* Lee Williams and the Spiritual QC's, an American gospel quartet
# Jesse McCargar

Jesse B. McCargar (1879-1954) was an American banker and industrialist.

## Early life

Jesse B. McCargar was born in Nord, Butte County, California on Aug. 11, 1879. He was the son of Dr. Philander McCargar and Emily Lawson. Dr. Philander McCargar was a dentist in Oakland, CA. He was born in Canada, and migrated with his father, Samuel McCargar, a prosperous rancher, from Rice County, MN to Butte County, CA. in 1861. Philander McCargar met and married his wife, Emily Lawson, on a business trip for his father in Topeka, KS in 1874. Dr. Philander McCargar graduated from the U. C. Berkeley School of Dentistry in 1888. Living in Oakland, CA., Philander McCargar was very active in the Prohibition Party. He ran for mayor of Oakland twice and supported various committees and organizations for the Prohibitionist cause. Jesse and his brother joined the Spanish–American War in 1898. After the war and his father's death, Jesse went into banking.
In 1905 Jesse married Addie Goodrich (1882-1920). They had 4 children. The youngest was the author, diplomat, and intelligence agent James Goodrich McCargar (1920-2007). After the death of his first wife, Jesse married Phoebe Hunt in 1923. After his divorce from Phoebe Hunt, he married Helen Baker in 1949.

## Career

Jesse McCargar started his banking career early in his life. He worked for Crocker National Bank for 22 years. At the time of his retirement in 1927, he was Vice President and Director. He was a past president of the California Bankers Assoc., and was a member of the executive council of the American Bankers Assoc. He was, at various times in his life, director or on the board of many companies including: American Trust Co., Pabco Products, Inc., Moore Dry Dock Company, Pacific Securities Co., Pioneer Kettlemen Co., Honolulu Oil Corp. Pacific Transport Lines, Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co., Paauhau Sugar Plantation Co., and others. He was president of the Dumbarton Bridge Co., which opened the Dumbarton Bridge on the San Francisco bay in 1927. He was also a trustee of the William G. Irwin Charity Foundation and a manager of the Irwin Estate.
Jesse was an active member of the Pacific Union Club, Bohemian Club, the San Francisco Golf Club, and the Live Oak Lodge of Masons.
# Jewish resistance

Jewish resistance may refer to:
* Jewish Resistance Movement, a Jewish underground movement in Mandate Palestine
* Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe
# Toshiro Fujita

Toshiro Fujita. M.D., PhD (1948-) is a Japanese physician-scientist. He is a professor emeritus of The University of Tokyo and received the Medal of Honor (Japan) (with purple ribbon). He served as chair and director for Japan Societies of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Endocrinology and Hypertension.

## Education

He graduated from Musashi High school (Tokyo, Japan) in 1966 and received an M.D. degree from Keio University in 1972 and a PhD there in 1980.

## Career

He conducted research in nephrology, hypertension and internal medicine. His most notable research is salt-induced hypertension and the role of the kidney. His work spans basic to clinical research. His hypothesis was validated by a double-blind clinical trial.
In 1976 he was a visiting fellow at NIH. From 1978 to 1988 he lectured at Tsukuba University and The University of Tokyo, Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Nephrology and Endocrinology and became an associate professor at the latter in 1989. In 1995 he became a full professor and the chair in medicine. He moved to the Research Center for Advanced of Science & Technology in 2012 and was the principal investigator of CREST-JST. In 2012 he became Professor emeritus.

## Recognition

His work earned international and domestic awards such as the Franz Volhard Award, AHA Excellence Award for Hypertension Research, Takamine Jokichi award, Distinguished award from Japanese society of Hypertension and Okamoto International Award.
* 2008 - Jyokichi Takamine Award
* 2009 - American Heart Association(AHA) Arthur Corcoran Memorial Lecture Award
* 2010 - Distinguished Award of Japan Society of Hypertension
* 2013 - European Society of Hypertension(ESH) Honorary Membership
* 2013 - Okamoto International Award
* 2014 - International Society of Hypertension(ISH) Franz Volhard Award
* 2014 - AHA The Excellence Award Hypertension Research
* 2015 - Medals of Honor (Japan) (with purple ribbon)
# Tove Veierød

Tove Liv Besstun Veierød (born 19 September 1940) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She was the state secretary to the Minister of Culture and Science 1986–1988, and Minister of Social Affairs 1990–1992.
# Left for Dead (Lustra album)

Left for Dead is the second studio album by Bostonian pop punk band, Lustra. The album was released on February 28, 2006, through XOFF Records. Including the band's history as "Seventeen", this is the fourth studio album by the band.
The album contains their single "Scotty Doesn't Know", which was the first single to chart, reaching number 53 on the Billboard Pop 100 and 78 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was featured in the 2004 film, Eurotrip.
# Jesse Ray Ernster

Jesse Ray Ernster is a Grammy Award-winning Canadian-born American mixing engineer, audio engineer, and record producer, based in Los Angeles. He has worked with artists including Kanye West, Burna Boy, Doja Cat, and Goody Grace.
Ernster mixed Doja Cat's top 10 hit, Woman (Doja Cat song) and has earned one win at the Grammy Awards for his contributions to the album Twice as Tall by Burna Boy.
# Salix arctica

Salix arctica, the Arctic willow, is a tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae). It is adapted to survive in Arctic conditions, specifically tundras.

## Description

S. arctica is typically a low shrub growing to only 15 centimetres (6 inches) in height, rarely to 25 cm (10 in), although it may reach 50 cm (20 in) in height in the Pacific Northwest. It has round, shiny green leaves 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) long and 6 cm (2+1⁄4 in) broad; they are pubescent, with long, silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic willow is dioecious, with male and female catkins on separate plants. As a result, the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.
Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe arctic climate; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.
Hybrids with Salix arcticola and Salix glauca are known.

## Distribution and habitat

The Arctic willow grows in tundra and rocky moorland, and is the northernmost woody plant in the world, occurring far above the tree line to the northern limit of land on the north coast of Greenland. Its distribution is circumpolar. It occurs in Canada in the mainland northern territories and in the Arctic Archipelago all the way up to Ellesmere Island alongside Greenland, and in northern Quebec and Labrador, as well as in northern Iceland, Fenno-Scandinavia, northern Russia and northern Alaska.
It also occurs further south in North America on high-altitude alpine tundra, south to the Sierra Nevada in California and the Rocky Mountains in New Mexico. It also occurs in Xinjiang, China.

## Ecology

The Arctic willow is a food source for several Arctic animals. Muskoxen, caribou, Arctic hares, and lemmings all feed on the bark and twigs, while the buds are the main food source of the rock ptarmigan.
It is the primary host plant and food source for the Arctic woolly bear moth (Gynaephora groenlandica).

## Uses

Both the Inuit and the Gwich’in make use of this willow. Twigs are used as fuel, while the decayed flowers (suputiit) are mixed with moss and used as wicking in the kudlik. The plant was used for several medicinal purposes, such as relieving toothache, helping to stop bleeding, curing diarrhoea and indigestion, and as a poultice on wounds.
Both the Gwich’in and Inuit in the Bathurst Inlet area were known to eat parts of the plant, which is high in vitamin C and tastes sweet. One young leaf contains 7 to 10 times more vitamin C than an orange. The inside of the young shoots (excluding the bark) can be eaten raw, including those found underground.
# Felimida

Felimida is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chromodorididae.

## Taxonomic history

Many of the species currently included in the genus Felimida were previously contained in the large genus Chromodoris until a revision of the family Chromodorididae in 2012 demonstrated that the name Chromodoris should be used for a smaller group of species.

## Species

* Felimida atlantica Padula, Wirtz & Schrödl, 2017
* Felimida baumanni (Bertsch, 1970)
* Felimida binza (Ortea & Perez, 1983)
* Felimida clenchi (Russell, 1935)
* Felimida corimbae (Ortea, Gofas & Valdés, 1997)
* Felimida dalli (Bergh, 1879)
* Felimida edmundsi (Cervera, Garcia-Gomez & Ortea, 1989)
* Felimida elegantula (Philippi, 1844)
* Felimida fentoni (Valdés, Gatdula, Sheridan & Herrera, 2011)
* Felimida galexorum (Bertsch, 1978)
* Felimida ghanensis (Edmunds, 1968)
* Felimida goslineri (Ortea & Valdés, 1996)
* Felimida kpone (Edmunds, 1981)
* Felimida krohni (Vérany, 1846)
* Felimida luteopunctata (Gantès, 1962)
* Felimida luteorosea (Rapp, 1827)
* Felimida macfarlandi (Cockerell, 1901)
* Felimida marislae (Bertsch, 1973)
* Felimida neona (Er. Marcus, 1955)
* Felimida norrisi (Farmer, 1963)
* Felimida ocellata (Ortea, Gofas & Valdés, 1997)
* Felimida paulomarcioi (Domínguez, García & Troncoso, 2006)
* Felimida ponga (Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970)
* Felimida punctilucens (Bergh, 1890)
* Felimida purpurea (Risso in Guérin, 1831)
* Felimida regalis (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2001)
* Felimida rodomaculata (Ortea & Valdés, 1992)
* Felimida rolani (Ortea, 1988)
* Felimida ruzafai (Ortea, Bacallado & Valdés, 1992)
* Felimida socorroensis (Behrens, Gosliner & Hermosillo, 2009)
* Felimida sphoni Ev. Marcus, 1971
* Felimida clenchi
* Felimida binza
* Felimida krohni
* Felimida luteorosea
* Felimida macfarlandi
* Felimida purpurea
* Felimida krohni
# AsiaNews

AsiaNews is an official press agency of the Catholic Church's Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME). The editor-in-chief of AsiaNews is Father Bernardo Cervellera, a PIME missionary who also heads Agenzia Fides, the official news agency of the Vatican. Prominent British Bangladeshi journalist and human rights activist William Gomes worked for Asia news.

## Description

News from AsiaNews is republished by the Catholic press agencies MISNA and Zenit. Originally available in the Italian language, the website has since expanded into English and Chinese in 2003 to enhance the "missionary aspect of our news agency". AsiaNews's intended audience is Chinese university students, who it believes are "curi[ous] about Christianity" and may save China from being "a soulless market or ... dictatorship". It describes its presence as "urgent" because of what it calls the "empowerment" of atheism in Chinese schools and the "persecution" of Christians in China. AsiaNews describes itself as "a great accomplishment in evangelization, which is the work of God" and as "bolster[ing] the [Roman Catholic] Church's mission in China". The AsiaNews has professional correspondents from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vatican, Pakistan, China, Indonesia, and Russia, among other countries.
# Assault weapon (disambiguation)
## Politics

* Assault weapon, a term used in American firearm legislation to define smallarms regulated or banned for their possession of certain features or presence on a list of named weapons.
* Assault weapons legislation in the United States, at federal, state, and local levels.

## Weapon systems

* FGM-172 SRAW (Short-Range Assault Weapon)
* Heckler & Koch HK CAWS (Close Assault Weapon System)
* Rifleman's Assault Weapon
* Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon
* Urban Assault Weapon
# Askerina

Askerina is an extinct genus of atrypid brachiopods from subfamily Atrypinae that lived in end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) and Silurian (Aeronian). The type and only known species is Askerina cymbula. Its fossils are known only from the lower parts of the Solvik Formation in central Oslo region, Norway.

## Discovery and naming

Discovery of Askerina cymbula was announced in 2019 by B. Gudveig Baarli, but the final version of the article naming it will be published in 2020. The holotype of the species is a whole shell PMO 41.275 from Malmøya, the Solvik Formation. Also was sectioned specimens PMO S3467, 41.275, 41.317, 220.507a, b. PMO 220.507a was sectioned, that whole, too.
The generic name Askerina is derived from Asker, the municipality where specimens were found. The specific name, cymbula, is derived from the Latin noun cymba, cup or boat-shaped, referring to the deep brachial valve.

## Description

Askerina cymbula is a medium to large-sized brachiopod. It has a wide hinge line and strongly dorsibiconvex shape with well-developed fold and sulcus. The beak of this species is small and adpressed with delthidial plates. Ribbing of Askerina cymbula has undulose, concentric growth lamellae, microfilariae and frills. Moderate pedicle of this taxa is collar and callist. Teeth of species members are thick and stubby. Crural bases are small and relatively thin, non-feathered crura. Spiralia has at least 10 dorsomedially whorls. Jugum is unknown.
# Askersund

Askersund is a locality and the seat of Askersund Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden with a population census of 3,887 inhabitants in 2010.

## Geography

Askersund is a popular tourist destination with swimming and nature experiences. The city centre is still marked by its wooden buildings and their two churches. Sophia Magdalena was designed by Olof tempelman and Askersund country Church by Jean de la Vallée and Erik Dahlberg. The city is located on the edge of the forest of Tiveden at Lake Alsen forming North of Lake Vättern and along the lake, just outside the city is Husabergsudde with bathing and camping. From the city, it has views of Lake Vättern and Tivedsskogen. On the other side of the water is Prince Gustaf's Castle, Stjernsund.

## History

The town Askersund traces its origin from the 14th century. In 1643, it was significant enough to receive its charter as one of the cities in Sweden. Despite its small size, Askersund is for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city, although Statistics Sweden nowadays defines a city as a locality with more than 10,000 inhabitants.
In the 19th century, Askersund was planned to be the site of one of the two supply fortresses for Karlsborg Fortress, located on an island in Lake Vättern, now belonging to Karlsborg Municipality. In 1813, Askersunds flickskola, the second institution to give females higher education in Sweden, was founded in Askersund.
# Bloomer potato

Bloomer is a potato variety. Bloomers produce round purplish-blue tubers with fairly deep eyes. The flesh is cream coloured.
The bloomer potato produces an abundance of beautiful white flowers, which presumably helped name the variety. Davidson (1936) described this as an old variety found growing in the Midlands of Ireland but of no commercial value. It was noted by Kehoe (1986) as being unique to the Irish potato collection.
# Asisyra

Asisyra is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.