OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lokomotiv-Versuchsamt Grunewald

The Lokomotiv-Versuchsamt Grunewald or LVA ('Grunewald Locomotive Research Office') was a facility established from 1920 to 1945 at Berlin-Grunewald in Germany that conducted trials on railway vehicles. The office used the facilities of the railway repair shop (Ausbesserungswerk) at Grunewald on the Berlin Stadtbahn southwest of Berlin's Westkreuz station.

## History

After the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft was founded in 1925 the Railway Central Office (Eisenbahn-Zentralamt or EZA) that had existed since 1906 was renamed to the Reichsbahn Central Office (Reichsbahnzentralamt or RZA). Amongst other things, they carried out numerous trials on steam locomotives and created the scientific basis for the performance measurement of railway vehicles. From 1920 they were supported by the Lokomotiv-Versuchsamt Grunewald, a locomotive trials office based at the main railway workshop at Grunewald. In 1936 there were 152 employees working for this research establishment.
In 1945 the work at Grunewald ended, due to the war, and was continued in East Germany at RAW Dessau as well as in Halle, and in West Germany initially at Göttingen, and later in Minden and München.
The Office had instrumentation vehicles, a rolling test bed with water brakes for locomotives and test rigs for various vehicle components.

## Key personalities

The following employees are particularly closely associated with the establishment:
* Robert Garbe (1847–1932)
* Hans Nordmann (1879–1957)
* Richard Paul Wagner (1882–1953)

## Grunewald Research Office today

At the site today are a few Deutsche Bahn office buildings, several small firms and a golf course.

## Footnotes and references

* ↑ Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk or 'Reichsbahn repair shop'

## Sources

* Dirk Winkler: Lokomotiv-Versuchsamt Grunewald, GeraMond, ISBN 3-7654-7131-3
# Senryū-Shōgunzuka Kofun

The Senryū-Shōgunzuka Kofun - Himezuka Kofun (川柳将軍塚古墳・姫塚古墳) is a pair of Kofun period tumuli, located in the Shinonoi-ishikawa neighborhood of the city of Nagano in the Chubu region Japan. They have has been protected under a single National Historic Site designation since 1977.

## Overview

The Senryū-Shōgunzuka Kofun is a zenpō-kōen-fun (前方後円墳), which is shaped like a keyhole, having one square end and one circular end, when viewed from above. It is located on the western slope of Mount Shimomoi at the western edge of the Nagano Basin, with the ruins of a small settlement and rice fields at its base. The size of the mound is 93 meters in length, with a 45-meter diameter posterior circular portion, ten meters in height and a 26 meter long anterior rectangular portion, five meters in height, and is orientated north-northeast. It was once covered with fukiishi and cylindrical haniwa and had an encircling moat, small traces of which still exist. The tumulus had two vertical burial chambers arranged parallel to the main axis, one on each portion of the mound. Both chambers were lined with split andesite stone blocks, and were painted in vermillion. The chamber in the posterior domed-portion was 10.3 meters in length by 1.8 meters wide. The anterior chamber was 2.7 meters long by 1.2 meters wide.
The tomb was robbed by local farmers in 1800, who found that it contained a large number of grave goods, including 42 bronze mirrors, wheel-like stones, copper tubes, jewelry and beads, magatama, and fragments of armor. The site was re-excavated in 1927. The number of bronze mirrors from this tumulus was extraordinarily large, but the whereabouts of only six are known today. Of these six, one had been determined to have been of Western Han provenience, and the others were made in Japan.
The style of the haniwa recovered at the site is very similar to that of the Mori-Shōgunzuka Kofun, leading archaeologists to concur that this tomb was built from the end of the 4th century to the first half of the 5th century. As with the Mori-Shōgunzuka Kofun, it is regarded as a tomb of the local king with close relations to the imperial dynasty.
The Himezuka Kofun is a "two conjoined rectangles" typed zenpō-kōhō-fun [ja] (前方後方墳), and is located 200 meter north of the Senryū-Shōgunzuka Kofun on the same ridge. Its total length is 31 meters. The rear portion is 20 meters high with a height of four meters and the front portion has height of two meters. It has not been excavated, but from its style is thought to date to around the middle of the 4th century, and to thus pre-date the Senryū-Shōgunzuka Kofun.
The site is approximately ten minutes by car from Shinonoi Station on the JR West Shin'etsu Main Line; however, there are no public facilities and the tombs are located in an area with dense forests.
# Flavokavain

Flavokavains (also called flavokawains) are a class of chalconoids found in the kava plant. Currently identified types include flavokavain A, flavokavain B, and flavokavain C.
* Flavokavain A
* Flavokavain B
* Flavokavain C
# Brian Booth State Park

Brian Booth State Park is a coastal recreational area located near Seal Rock, Lincoln County, Oregon United States, administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. It consists of two major portions: Ona Beach State Park and Beaver Creek State Natural Area, which were merged in 2013. The park has beach access, kayaking, and hiking trails. The park is 886.32 acres and has an annual attendance of 247,772 people. Ona is known as a Chinook Jargon word for razor clam.
Ona Beach State Park is a state park, which straddles Beaver Creek. It approximately halfway between Newport and Waldport, Oregon, which is 9 miles (14 km) south of the former.
Beaver Creek State Natural Area opened to the public on October 1, 2010.
The state park is also the western terminus of the Corvallis to the Sea Trail, which has its official opening August 21, 2021.

## History

The land was purchased between 1938 and 1968 from private owners, and includes one gift of 10 acres from Lincoln County, Oregon made in 1963. In the days before the completion of the Coast Highway, the beach between Newport and Seal Rock was used as an access road. Motorists would travel at low tide, following the mail carrier who knew the best way to cross Beaver Creek. The park was first known as Ona Beach State Park, but was renamed in 2013 to honor the first Oregon State Parks and Recreation Commission chairperson Brian Booth (c. 1937–March 2012).
# Boogie 2nite (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About | |
| BBC Music | (positive) |
| Digital Spy | |
| Evening Standard | |
Boogie 2nite is the debut studio album by the English duo Booty Luv, released on 17 September 2007 in the United Kingdom by Hed Kandi. The album went straight onto the charts at number eleven, and has since sold over 70,000 copies in the UK, being certified silver by the BPI. It was possible to pre-order signed copies of the album directly from the Ministry of Sound website.
The album contains Booty Luv's four hit singles (two top ten, two top twenty), five cover versions, and seven original tracks co-written by the two members themselves. In addition, there is an interactive component on the album which takes you to a website where you enter your details and can then watch the videos for the singles and a six-minute making-of special on the "Don't Mess with My Man" single.
On 5 August 2008 Boogie 2nite was released in the United States, containing the original twelve tracks, an exclusive bonus remix of "Shine" and a new colour scheme for the cover art (blue and green).

## Track listing

* "Boogie 2nite" (John Smith, Charlene Keys, Nisan Stewart) – 3:16
* "Shine" (James Harris III, Terry Lewis, Bernard Edwards, Nile Rodgers) – 3:25
* "Don't Mess with My Man" (Raphael Saadiq, Ali Shaheed Muhammad, Conesha Owens, Dawn Robinson) – 2:55
* "Some Kinda Rush" (Nadia Shepherd, Cherise Roberts, Carl Ryden, Samantha Powell) – 3:31
* "Dance Dance" (Shepherd, Roberts, Ryden, Costandia Costi) – 3:07
* "Be Without You" (Mary J. Blige, Johnta Austin, Bryan-Michael Cox, Jason Perry) – 3:40
* "Who's That Girl" (Shepherd, Roberts, Ryden, Powell) – 3:03
* "Good Girl's Gone Bad" (Diane Warren) – 2:34
* "A Little Bit" (Jade Ewen, Cherise Leachman, Kenisha Pratt, Frederik Tao Nordsø Schjoldan, Azi Jegbefume Shalit) – 3:12
* "He's a Winner" (Shepherd, Roberts, Ryden, Powell) – 3:15
* "Something to Talk About" (Shepherd, Roberts, Ryden, Powell) – 3:23
* "Where You Are" (Rahsaan Patterson, Jamey Jaz) – 4:08

### Bonus tracks

* "Boogie 2nite" (DB Boulevard Edit)
* "Shine" (M's Smooth '54 Edit)
* "Don't Mess with My Man" (Ryden's Live Edit)
* "Some Kinda Rush" (Ryden's Live Edit) (iTunes bonus track)
* "Shine" (Passengerz Club Mix) (U.S. bonus track)

### Covers

* "Boogie 2nite – Tweet cover
* "Shine – Luther Vandross cover
* "Don't Mess with My Man" – Lucy Pearl cover
* "Be Without You" – Mary J. Blige cover
* "Where You Are" – Rahsaan Patterson cover

## Charts

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| UK Albums Chart | 11 |

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for Boogie 2nite :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Charles Dilly

Charles Dilly (1739–1807) was an English publisher and bookseller.

## Life

He was born 22 May 1739 at Southill, Bedfordshire, in a yeoman family. After making a short trip to America, he returned to London, his elder brother Edward, took him into partnership, and the business was carried on under their joint names. The brothers published James Boswell's Life of Johnson (first three editions), Tour to the Hebrides, and An Account of Corsica, Lord Chesterfield's Miscellaneous Works, and other standard books.
They were also hospitable at The Poultry, and gave dinners described in the memoirs of the period. Samuel Johnson was frequently their guest, and had his famous meeting with John Wilkes at their table, 15 May 1776; with whom he dined a second time with them, 8 May 1781. Other frequent guests were Richard Cumberland, Oliver Goldsmith, John Hoole, Vicesimus Knox, Samuel Parr, Joseph Priestley, Isaac Reed, Samuel Rogers, Sutton Sharpe and James Thomson were among the frequent dinner guests.
On the death of his brother Edward in 1779, Charles Dilly continued the business alone, and kept up the social life for which the two had been famous. He was invited to become an alderman for the ward of Cheap in 1782, but retired in favour of Boydell. A plea of nonconformity excused him from the office of sheriff of London. In 1803 he was master of the Stationers' Company.

## Last years

After a prosperous career of more than 40 years, Dilly retired in favour of Joseph Mawman, who had been in business in York. He continued literary dinner-parties at his new house in Brunswick Row, Queen Square, and lived there a few years before his death, which took place at Ramsgate, while on a visit to Richard Cumberland, on 4 May 1807. He was buried 12 May, in the cemetery of St. George the Martyr, Queen Square. He left a fortune of nearly £60,000.

## Politics

Edward and Charles Dilly were seen as radical publishers. Charles Dilly, a dissenter, belonged to the Club of Honest Whigs circle, and was a member of the Society for Constitutional Information.
# Smith & Wesson Model 1 1/2

The Smith & Wesson Model 1+1⁄2 was Smith & Wesson's second .32 caliber revolver, intended to combine the small size and convenience of the .22 caliber Model 1 with the larger caliber of the 6-shot "belt sized" Model 2, which was introduced in 1861. Chambered in .32 Rimfire, its cylinder held 5 shots. It was produced in three varieties from 1865 through 1892, with total production exceeding 223,000.

## Issues

The Model 1+1⁄2 had three issues. The first two (known as the first and second issues) were "tip-up" revolvers with the barrel release catch located on the side of the frame in front of the trigger, while the third (known as the "Model 1+1⁄2 Single Action Revolver") was a "top-break", with the barrel release catch located on the top of the frame, just in front of the hammer.

### 1st Issue

The first issue of the Model 1+1⁄2 can be identified by its smooth cylinder (lacking fluting), and the square shape of the grip butt. Models were available in blued or nickel-plated finishes, and the majority were produced with 3+1⁄2-inch barrels. A less common 4-inch barrel variety was also sold.
Serial numbers range from 1 through to approximately 26,300.

### 2nd Issue

The second issue of the Model 1+1⁄2 can be identified by its fluted barrel and the rounded shape of the grip butt. Like the 1st Issue, it was also produced in blued steel and nickel-plated varieties, with most models having a 3+1⁄2-inch barrel. It is estimated that less than a thousand models were produced with a 2+1⁄2-inch barrel; these can be positively identified by the barrel markings located on the side of the barrel, as opposed to the markings on the top strap that were applied to 3+1⁄2-inch barrels.
2nd Issue guns were serial numbered consecutively after the 1st Issue, with numbers ranging from approximately 26,300 through 127,000.
There is also a transitional model 2nd issue that uses the unfluted 1st issue barrels. The serial numbers for these transitional models span approximately 27,200 through 28,800.

### Single Action Revolver

The third issue of the Model 1+1⁄2 is known as the "Model 1+1⁄2 Single Action Revolver". It differs substantially from the first two issues by breaking at the top (just in front of the hammer), consistent with the design of the Safety Hammerless or S&W .38 Single Action. It can be readily distinguished from the first two issues by its lack of ejector rod under the barrel, the large hinge in front of, and just below the barrel, and the extractor that ejects spent cartridges when the barrel is hinged downward. The grip is rounded at the butt, and is similar in appearance to that on the 2nd Issue. This revolver marked the debut of the .32 S&W centerfire cartridge.
Serial numbers ranged from 1 to approximately 97,500.
# Bartolomeo Averoldi, Bishop of Rethymo

Bartolomeo Averoldi (died 1537) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Rethymo (1517–1537).

## Biography

On 18 September 1517, Bartolomeo Averoldi was appointed during the papacy of Pope Leo X as Bishop of Rethymo. He served as Bishop of Rethymo until his death in 1537.
# Flavoleptus

Flavoleptus is a monotypic Indomalayan genus of potter wasps. The sole species is Flavoleptus flavobalteatus.
# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1801

Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1801.

## Fellows

* Edmund Antrobus
* Edward Ash (c.1764–1829)
* Edward Balme (d. 1823)
* William Bligh (1754–1817)
* Richard Chenevix (c.1774–1830)
* Martin Davy (1763–1839)
* John Ellis
* Edward Forster (1769–1828)
* James Willoughby Gordon (1773–1851)
* John Hailstone (1759–1847)
* Warren Hastings (1732–1818)
* George Isted (d. 1821)
* John Latham (1761–1843)
* William Long (1747–1818)
* Herbert Marsh, Bishop of Peterborough (1757–1839)
* Robert Nixon (1759–1837)
* Roger Elliot Roberts (c.1753–1831)
* Matthew Smith
* Walter Stirling (1758–1832)
* Samuel Turner (1759–1802)
* John Lloyd Williams
* Giffin Wilson (1766–1848)
* Robert Wissett (d. 1820)
* Charles Philip Yorke (1764–1834)
# Kotkapura Assembly constituency

Kotkapura Assembly constituency is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India. It is part of Faridkot district.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| As part of Punjab Legislative Assembly ||||
| 2022 | Kultar Singh Sandhwan | Aam Aadmi Party |
| 2017 | Kultar Singh Sandhwan | Aam Aadmi Party |
| 2012 | Mantar Singh Brar | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 2007 | Ripjit Singh | Indian National Congress |
| 2002 | Mantar Singh Brar | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 1997 | Mantar Singh Brar | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 1992 | Upinder Kumar | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | Mohinder Singh Brar | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 1980 | Bhagwan Dass | Indian National Congress |
| 1977 | Jaswinder Singh | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 1972 | Jaswinder Singh | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 1969 | Harcharan Singh | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | H. Singh | Shiromani Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh |
| Constituency does not exist (1956-67) ||||
| As part of Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly (1951-56) ||||
| 1954 | Kanwar Manjit Inder Singh | Indian National Congress |
| 1951 (Two member Constituency of Kotkapura - Jaitu | Ranjit Singh | Indian National Congress |
| 1951 (Two member Constituency of Kotkapura - Jaitu | Manjit Inder Singh | Independent |

## Election results
### 2022

Punjab Assembly election, 2022: Kotkapura :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Kultar Singh Sandhwan | 54,009 | 43.81 | |
| | INC | Ajaypal Singh Sandhu | 32879 | 26.67 | |
| | SAD | Mantar Singh Brar | | | |
| | NOTA | None of the above | | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 21130 | 17.14 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 123267 | 76.93 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | AAP hold | AAP hold | AAP hold | AAP hold | AAP hold |

### 2017

Punjab Assembly election, 2017: Kotkapura :
| Party | Party | Candidate |
| | AAP | Kultar Singh Sandhwan |
| | NOTA | None of the above |
| Majority | Majority | Majority |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors |
# Frontenac Ventures Corporation

Frontenac Ventures Corporation is a privately owned uranium mining and exploration company. Frontenac was formed to open a new mine in North Frontenac, Ontario. The mine was opposed by First Nations and other persons in the area, leading to a blockade, injunctions. The venture was abandoned after Frontenac Ventures failed to get funding for the project.
Frontenac staked the land for uranium exploration in the Sharbot Lake area of Ontario. The land is the traditional territory of Algonquins First Nations peoples in the area and is unceded that is the basis of a land claim. Members of the First Nation barricaded the entrance when it was discovered Frontenac had started exploration on the land. Members of the Shabot Obaadjiwan and Ardoch First Nations opposed the prospect of uranium mining along with non-native cottage owners and an array of concerned citizens. Issues range from the land title to concerns about taking uranium out of the ground, and defensive car bomb testing being done on the land for the military.
On October 12, 2007, the protesters left the blockade after Frontenac Ventures agreed to a mediation process with representatives of the First Nations groups along with representatives of the Canadian and Ontario governments. The mediation was abandoned in 2008 and several First Nations leaders were fined for contempt of court.
In 2010, Frontenac Ventures was still looking for funding for the project and abandoned plans for immediate construction of the mine.
# Maatidesmus

Maatidesmus is an extinct genus of millipede in the family Chelodesmidae known from a fossil found in North America. There is one described species in the genus, Maatidesmus paachtun, one of three millipedes described from Mexican amber.

## History and classification

Maatidesmus paachtun was described from a solitary fossil, which is preserved as an inclusion in a transparent chunk of Mexican amber. At the time of description, the amber specimen was housed in the fossil collection of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Simojovel. The holotype fossil is composed of a very complete adult female recovered from the La Guadalupe Quarry. Mexican amber is recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Simojovel region of Chiapas, Mexico. The amber dates from between 23 million years old at the oldest and 15 million years at the youngest. The La Guadalupe Quarry site is an outcrop of amber-bearing strata belonging to the Mazantic shale. The deposits preserve a transitional river or stream environments near the coast and preserves fossils of a mangrove forest ecosystem.
The holotype was first studied by a team of researchers headed by Francisco Riquelme of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos with their 2014 type description of the genus and species being published in the natural sciences journal PLOS ONE. The genus name is a derived from a combination of the Mayan word maat for "amber" and "idesmus", which is used frequently as a genus suffix in the family Chelodesmidae. The specific epithet paachtun was coined from a combination of the Mayan words paach meaning "back" and tun meaning "stone", a reference to the distinct sculpturing and lobing on the collum and lobe-bearing tergites.
M. paachtun is one of three millipede species described from Mexican amber, the others being Anbarrhacus adamantis and Parastemmiulus elektron, while a number of other species have been described from the similarly aged Dominican amber.

## Description

The M. paachtun female is mostly a creamy white in coloration with "splattering"s of nut-brown, though the specimen shows areas of recrystallization where the cuticle and amber reacted forming possible calcium carbonates. The total body length is 35.5 mm (1.40 in) and has a total of 19 body segments plus head. The head is a little wider than the next body segment, called the collum. The antennae have a total of seven antennomeres that vary in length. The longest segments are antennomeres 2 and 6, while the shortest are antennomeres 1 and 7. The tops of the collum and body segments 2 to 5 are heavily lobed with three rows of lobes on each segment. The large lobes change to more scattered small lobes on segments 6 and 7. The segments gradually get wider from the head to segment 16 after which the segments start to narrow progressively to segment 19.
# Bearpaw

Bearpaw or Bear Paw may refer to:
* Bearpaw (brand), a brand of footwear, including sheepskin boots, slippers and casual shoes
* Bear-paw poppies, the genus of the poppy family Papaveraceae
* Mikołaj "Bearpaw" Potocki (1595–1651), Polish nobleman
* Bearpaw Mountain, a summit in Washington state
* Bear Paw Mountains, mountain range in the U.S. state of Montana
* Bearpaw Formation, a rock formation in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, named for the Bear Paw Mountains in Montana
* Bear's Paw, a mountain in the U.S. state of North Carolina
* a type of snowshoe
* Bear Paws, a family of cookies manufactured by Dare Foods, a Canada-based food manufacturing company
* Cotyledon tomentosa, a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, native to South Africa, a subspecies of which is known as bear's paw,