OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hugo Rüdel

Hugo Rüdel (7 February 1868 – 27 November 1934) was a German Choir director and conductor.

## Life

Rüdel was born in Havelberg. His father Johann Friedrich August Rüdel (1816-1887) ran a brickworks and was the town conductor of Havelberg. Hugo was the youngest of five children; his mother was Pauline Amalia Albertine, née Knüppelholz (1831-1891). He was christened on 10 May 1868 in the Havelberg City Church of St. Laurentius. From 1875 he attended the town school.
After training as a horn player at the Universität der Künste Berlin with Fritz Lehmann, he first worked as a French horn player at the Krolloper. Besides, he was a pupil for piano with Karl Heinrich Barth. After a short period as solo horn player with the Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne in Cologne, he became an accessory and chamber music wind player with the Staatskapelle Berlin. From 1899 to 1910, he was a teacher (professor from 1908) for French horn at the Hochschule für Musik zu Berlin. Also in 1899, Rüdel became conductor of the Berlin Court Opera Chorus, later the State Opera Chorus, and in 1910 he was appointed its first choral conductor; he held this position until his retirement in 1933. From 1906 to 1934 he was the choir director of the Bayreuth Festival. From 1909 to 1933 he was conductor of the Staats- und Domchor Berlin [de], with which he undertook numerous journeys abroad. Furthermore, in 1916 he became first choral master of the Berliner Lehrer-Gesangverein. In 1920 he was again appointed director of the opera choir school at the Musikhochschule. In 1922 he conducted the choir at the premiere of the film Hanneles Himmelfahrt. 1927-1928 he was also responsible for the direction of the radio choir of the Funk-Stunde Berlin [de]. Finally still on 21 March 1933 he was involved with the Staats- und Domchor in the organization of the Day of Potsdam, where the newly elected Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler placed himself with public appeal in a Prussian national-conservative tradition.
Rüdel was married to Luise Geissler (24 September 1871 - 6 June 1956). He died in Berlin at the age of 66. They found their last resting place at the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery.
In 1903 and 1913, together with Richard Strauss, he published Nachgelassene Werke für Horn von Franz Strauss.

## Honours

Even before his death in 1933, a bronze bust was made, which was originally placed in the Berlin Cathedral.
In Bayreuth, not far from the Festspielhaus, a street was named after Hugo Rüdel.

## Quotes

As director of the Royal Cathedral Choir, the aforementioned has worked tirelessly for years to raise the choir's achievements to an artistic level that has hardly been reached before. These achievements have received the warmest recognition far beyond the borders of Germany.
Rüdel was awarded the cross Königlicher Hausorden von Hohenzollern [de] on 22 March 1918.

## Sound and picture documents

Rüdel recorded numerous records with all major labels in the twenties with the Staats- und Domchor and the Berliner Lehrer-Gesangverein; recordings were made in Bayreuth in 1927. In a film made at the Bayreuth Festival in 1934 he can be seen at a choir rehearsal.
# Kenosee Superslides

The Kenosee Superslides is a water park in Moose Mountain Provincial Park, or Kenosee Lake in Canada.

## History

The Kenosee Superslides were built in the summer of 1985, and opened in the summer of 1986. It has been a successful and popular retreat for many of thousands of people every summer. The Kenosee Superslides are open from mid June to late August annually.
# Kentro Neotitas Maroniton

Kentro Neotitas Maroniton was a Cypriot football club based in Limassol (1977–1983) and then in Nicosia. The team was playing sometimes in Second and sometimes in the Third and Fourth Division.

## Honours

* Cypriot Third Division:
** Champions (1): 1981
* Cypriot Fourth Division:
** Champions (1): 1991
# Procambarus paradoxus

Procambarus paradoxus is a species of freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae and is found in Puebla, Mexico.
# Procambarus nigrocinctus

Procambarus nigrocinctus, the blackbelted crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is listed as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, because it is known from more than 100 sites across thirteen counties in Texas, where it is endemic to the Neches River system, and is common and widespread in a national park.
# Taoyuan Experience

Taoyuan Experience (Chinese: 桃园经验; lit. 'Peach Garden Experience') refers to the summary of the Four Cleanups Movement led by Wang Guangmei from November 1963 to April 1964 in the Taoyuan Production Brigade of Luwangzhuang Commune, Funing County, Hebei Province. The Experience was once recognized by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and popularized nationwide. Yet, during the Cultural Revolution, it was widely blamed as an example of "leftism".
The representative work of the Taoyuan Experience is Wang Guangmei's report entitled General Summary of One Brigade's Experience in the Socialist Education Movement .

## Main content

The main content of the Taoyuan Experience is that after the socialist education working teams entered the countryside, firstly, they should engage in taking roots and establishing ties, visiting the poor, and gradually organize the class ranks from small to large; then carry out back-to-back denunciation struggles and "Four Cleanups"; then conduct class education in a concentrated and systematic manner and undertook struggles against the enemy; and finally engage in organization building.

## Evaluation

There is an opinion that the Taoyuan Experience is a rehearsal of the Cultural Revolution in some form, and that it provides some experience for the Cultural Revolution at least in terms of method, form and ideology.
# Humour (disambiguation)

Humour is something that may amuse.
Humor or Humour also may refer to:
* Humors, the blood, biles, and phlegm in the old theory of humorism
* Mănăstirea Humorului, a commune in Suceava County, Romania, sometimes known as Humor
** Humor Monastery in Mănăstirea Humorului commune, Romania
* Humor, a tributary of the Bistrița in Suceava County, Romania
* Humor (Moldova), a tributary of the Moldova in Suceava County, Romania
* Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
* Wikipedia:Humor, about using humor on Wikipedia
# Hugh Saunders (speedway rider)

Hugh Saunders (born 25 November 1944) is a former speedway rider from Guernsey, who competed in the National League.

## Career

Saunders started his speedway career with Eastbourne Eagles where he rode for two seasons. Then a move to Rayleigh Rockets where he rode for the next two seasons, before Rye House Rockets for 5 seasons as the stadium was sold and team relocated under the promotion of Len Silver. With Len Silver, Hugh Saunders rode for other teams run by this promoter, namely Hackney Hawks in the interim between Rayleigh and Rye House.
In his final season in the sport in 1979, Saunders won the National League Knockout Cup with Rye House. On 17 September 1979, racing at Newcastle's Brough Park, he dislocated his ankle and ended his career. A year later he returned for his own testimonial, to ride as reserve in a team of old friends named, for the day, the "Hughgonuts" but broke his leg in his first outing and missed the rest of the event and the post-match celebrations.
# Tansèga, Zoungou

Tansèga, Zoungou is a town in the Zoungou Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 2,273.
# Programmable interrupt controller

In computing, a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) is an integrated circuit that helps a microprocessor (or CPU) handle interrupt requests (IRQs) coming from multiple different sources (like external I/O devices) which may occur simultaneously. It helps prioritize IRQs so that the CPU switches execution to the most appropriate interrupt handler (ISR) after the PIC assesses the IRQs' relative priorities. Common modes of interrupt priority include hard priorities, rotating priorities, and cascading priorities. PICs often allow mapping input to outputs in a configurable way. On the PC architecture PIC are typically embedded into a southbridge chip whose internal architecture is defined by the chipset vendor's standards.

## Common features

PICs typically have a common set of registers: interrupt request register (IRR), in-service register (ISR), and interrupt mask register (IMR). The IRR specifies which interrupts are pending acknowledgement, and is typically a symbolic register which can not be directly accessed. The ISR register specifies which interrupts have been acknowledged, but are still waiting for an end of interrupt (EOI). The IMR specifies which interrupts are to be ignored and not acknowledged. A simple register schema such as this allows up to two distinct interrupt requests to be outstanding at one time, one waiting for acknowledgement, and one waiting for EOI.
There are a number of common priority schemas in PICs including hard priorities, specific priorities, and rotating priorities.
Interrupts may be either edge triggered or level triggered.
There are a number of common ways of acknowledging an interrupt has completed when an EOI is issued. These include specifying which interrupt completed, using an implied interrupt which has completed (usually the highest priority pending in the ISR), and treating interrupt acknowledgement as the EOI.

## Well-known types

One of the best known PICs, the 8259A, was included in the x86 PC. In modern times, this is not included as a separate chip in an x86 PC, but rather as part of the motherboard's southbridge chipset. In other cases, it has been replaced by the newer Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers which support more interrupt outputs and more flexible priority schemas.
# Programmable load

A programmable load is a type of test equipment or instrument which emulates DC or AC resistance loads normally required to perform functional tests of batteries, power supplies or solar cells. By virtue of being programmable, tests like load regulation, battery discharge curve measurement and transient tests can be fully automated and load changes for these tests can be made without introducing switching transient that might change the measurement or operation of the power source under test.

## Implementation

Programmable loads most commonly use one transistor/FET, or an array of parallel connected transistors/FETs for more current handling, to act as a variable resistor. Internal circuitry in the equipment monitors the actual current through the transistor/FET, compares it to a user-programmed desired current, and through an error amplifier changes the drive voltage to the transistor/FET to dynamically change its resistance. This 'negative feedback' results in the actual current always matching the programmed desired current, regardless of other changes in the supplied voltage or other variables. Of course, if the power source is not able to supply the desired amount of current, the DC load equipment cannot furnish the difference; it can restrict current to a level, but it cannot boost current to a higher level. Most commercial DC loads are equipped with microprocessor front end circuits that allow the user to not only program a desired current through the load ('constant current' or CC), but the user can alternatively program the load to have a constant resistance (CR) or constant power dissipation (CP).
# The Woman Wins

The Woman Wins is a 1918 British silent crime film directed by Frank Wilson and starring Violet Hopson, Trevor Bland and Cameron Carr. It was based on a novel by Cecil Bullivant.

## Cast

* Violet Hopson - Brenda Marsh
* Trevor Bland - Hugh Fraser
* Cameron Carr - Raymond Vascour
* George Dewhurst - Hadley Barfield
* Arthur Walcott - John Farley
* Henry S. Creagh - Justin Marsh
* J. Hastings Batson - Admiral Fraser
* Vera Cornish - Mrs. Fane
# Kepler-19b

Kepler-19b is a planet orbiting around the star Kepler-19. The planet has an orbital period of 9.3 days, with an estimated radius of roughly 2.2 times that of the Earth, with a mass around 8.4 times that of the Earth. It is one of three planets orbiting Kepler-19.
# Kerema, Estonia

Kerema is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. As of 2021 it had a population of 19, and has an area of 5.56 km$^2$, with a population density of 3.42 people per square kilometre.
# Kerem Öktem

Kerem Öktem (born 1969) is a Turkish political scientist and professor at the Università Ca' Foscari in Italy. Between 2014 and 2019 he worked as a professor at the University of Graz. In a 2013 interview Öktem stated that his field of research was:
   The problems of minorities, otherness and exclusion with the idea of reconciliation and recognition, which pose the major questions of the nation-state. Its inherent violence and the extreme forms it can take, war, forced displacement, ethnic cleansing and genocide: all of these have shaped the fate of Turkey, its regions and their people.
# Tan Yuling

Tan Yuling, Noble Consort Mingxian (born Tatara Yuling; 11 August 1920 – 14 August 1942), was a concubine of China's last emperor Puyi. She married Puyi when the latter was the nominal emperor of the puppet state of Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Her given name "Yuling" is sometimes translated into English as "Jade Years".

## Biography

Yuling was born to the prosperous Tatara clan in Beijing, her family is a Manchu noble family. Her father Zhaoxu was a high-ranking warlord who administered the area around Beijing and Tianjin. Yuling's two aunts were in the Guangxu Emperor's harem as Consort Jin and Consort Zhen. Tan Yuling lost her parents when she was young, and she and her brother Tan Zhiyuan were raised by their aunt. Even after the Qing Dynasty fell, the Tatara clan continued to be very prosperous, but they changed their names to Tan, to avoid being discriminated for their Manchu ethnicity.
In early 1937, when Tan was still attending a middle school in Beijing, she was chosen to be a wife of Puyi and she travelled to Manchukuo's capital Xinjing (Changchun). On 6 April, she married Puyi in the Xinjing palace and was given the title of Imperial Concubine Xiang. Puyi liked her very much and asked Chen Zengju to teach her how to read Chinese books for six years. She became very close to Puyi after their marriage and in time, she became Noble Consort Xiang and became the manager of the Imperial Harem, as Empress Xiaokemin was not in favour anymore. Yuling reviled the Japanese.
Tan died in 1942 while being treated for cystitis less than a day after her Japanese doctor gave her an injection. The circumstances surrounding her death were suspicious because Tan was said to have resented the Japanese due to their control over Puyi. Kwantung Army staff officer Yoshioka Yasunori (吉岡安則), who was an attaché to the Manchukuo imperial household, once urged Puyi to take a Japanese bride, but Puyi had already married Tan, so he ignored Yoshioka. Yoshioka was said to be unhappy about this. Following Tan's death, Puyi was again pressed by Yoshioka to choose a Japanese spouse, but he refused.
Puyi granted Tan the posthumous title of Noble Consort Mingxian (明賢貴妃) and held a funeral for her in Banruo Temple (般若寺) in Xinjing. After the fall of Manchukuo in 1945, following the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II, Puyi ordered Tan's remains to be cremated and the ashes sent to her relatives in Beijing. Puyi kept a photograph of Tan with him until his death in 1967.

## Gallery of Changchun House, Tan Yuling's former residence

* Changchun House. It was built in the early years of Manchukuo. Firstly, the fourth and fifth younger sisters of Puyi lived here. In July 1937, Puyi's father Zaifeng lived here. After Tan Yuling was coffered "Xiang Gui Ren", it became her residence.
* Changchun House Living Room. Zaifeng used it in 1934, in 1937. It was also the receiving room of Tan Yuling.
* Changchun House Classroom, where Tan Yuling was taught.
# Thenkarai, Coimbatore

Thenkarai is a suburban area near Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is in the western suburbs of Coimbatore. It recently merged with the Coimbatore Corporation limits. Thenkarai is one of the town panchayats in Coimbatore and consists of small villages such as Sennanur, Mathipalayam, Karadimadai, Thaneer Panthal, Appachimaar Kovil, Challikkuzhi and KrishnaPuram Pudur.

## Name

Thenkarai is a scenic village situated in Coimbatore, India. This place is approximately 17 km away from center of Coimbatore City and on the way to Siruvani Dam. The village is under the foothills of western ghats. The major occupation among the people is agriculture and agriculture-related works. But, the new generations are very much interested in all kinds of jobs. Tamil is the main language spoken in this region. Kannada and Telugu is also spoken by the people who settled here after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in Karnataka. English is widely understood by the younger generation in this village. This village is well connected to Coimbatore's headquarters by bus services.

## Places

Each of the villages in Thenkarai have popular landmarks. The famous landmark is Government High Secondary School, Sennanur, which is very famous among the government schools in the area. There is an orphanage home near the village Mathipalayam which is taking care of many abandoned senior citizens. The village is well connected by road to the main city Coimbatore. There are government-run hospital facilities, and a post office is available in Sennanur. People in these villages gather at temples of Amman, Perumal, Vinayagar which are quite famous during the festival times.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Thenkarai had a population of 7168. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Thenkarai has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 43%. In Thenkarai, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Attractions Nearby

Velliangiri Mountains, Kovai Kutralam, Siruvani Dam, Marudamalai, Isha Foundation, Vaideki Falls, Patteeshwarar Temple
# Kevin Hamilton (basketball)

Kevin Bernard Hamilton Jr. (born May 2, 1984) is an American retired professional basketball player. In college, Hamilton was an honorable mention All-American and the 2005 Patriot League Player of the Year as a junior at Holy Cross.

## College

Hamilton played for the Holy Cross Crusaders from 2002 to 2006. During his four-year career, the team were two-team Patriot League regular season champions (2003, 2005) and one-time Patriot League tournament champions (2003). A 6'4" point guard, Hamilton averaged 12.2 points, 4.7 rebounds, 2.5 assists, and 2.4 steals per game for his career. He earned second-team All-Patriot League honors as a sophomore, then repeated as a first-team selection in his junior and senior years. As a junior in 2004–05, Hamilton led the Crusaders to a regular season championship behind averages of 15.7 points, 5.7 rebounds, 2.8 assists, and 2.9 steals per game. He was named the Patriot League Player of the Year and earned national recognition as an Associated Press honorable mention All-American. The following season (his final year), Hamilton did not repeat as the conference player of the year but he did win the Patriot League Defensive Player of the Year award. He also ranked fifth in NCAA Division steals per game as a senior. In his final two seasons, Hamilton led the Patriot League in both scoring and steals. Hamilton's 292 career steals were both Holy Cross and Patriot League records at the time of his graduation.
In 2013, Holy Cross inducted Hamilton into their athletics hall of fame. In 2015, the Patriot League named him to their 25th Anniversary Team, celebrating the best 25 players in league history to that point.

## Professional

After going undrafted in the 2006 NBA draft, Hamilton embarked on a 10-year international professional career. He played for clubs in Poland, Puerto Rico, Germany, and France. His most successful season as a pro came in 2008–09, when he was named a Polish League All-Star and his team won the Polish Cup.
# Kevan Barbour

Kevan Christopher Barbour (born 23 October 1949) is an international cricket umpire from Zimbabwe. Previously, he has served as the president, chairman and provincial manager of the Manicaland Cricket Association.

## Early life

Barbour was born in Bulawayo and educated at Milton High School. He played for Matabeleland from 1968 until 1970, when he moved to work in Mutare, and then played for Manicaland until 1975. He also played for the Rhodesia B cricket team. After a further move to Kwekwe, he played for Midlands until 1977. He settled back in Mutare and played for Manicaland again until 1979.

## Retired

Barbour retired as a cricketer in 1996, and took up umpiring. He made his international umpiring debut in 1998 during an ODI game between Zimbabwe and Pakistan, before making his Test umpiring debut in the 1st Test between Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka at Bulawayo in November 1999. He umpired three further Tests in 2001, all in Zimbabwe: the 1st Test against Bangladesh at Bulawayo in April 2001, the 2nd Test against West Indies at Harare in July 2001, and then the 2nd Test against South Africa at Bulawayo in September 2001. He was an umpire at the 2003 Cricket World Cup.
As of August 2010, he has umpired four Tests and 51 ODIs, most recently standing in an ODI in October 2009. Save for two World Cup ODIs in South Africa, and three other ODIs in Sharjah in 2003, all have been played in Zimbabwe, and all but a handful involving the Zimbabwe national cricket team. Barbour has also been the third umpire in six Tests in Zimbabwe, most recently in 2005, and 29 ODIs.
# Prix Henry Malherbe

The Henry Malherbe Prize is a French literary award created in 1953 by the Association des écrivains combattants [fr]. Named for Henry Malherbe, who received the Prix Goncourt in 1917, it is awarded every year for an essay.

## List of winners

* 1963 - Bernard Gavoty
* 1964 - Jean Toulat
* 1965 - André Jean Ducasse
* 1966 - René-Gustave Nobécourt
* 1967 - André Latreille
* 1968 - André Brissaud
* 1969 - Janine Weill
* 1970 - Louise Weiss
* 1971 - Christian Bernadac
* 1972 - Raymond Leopold Bruckberger
* 1973 - Pierre Billotte
* 1974 - Alain Griotteray
* 1975 - Georges Poisson
* 1976 - Michel Droit
* 1977 - Pierre-Paul Grasse
* 1978 - Jean-Émile Charon
* 1979 - André Piettre
* 1980 - Suzanne Labin
* 1981 - André Gillois
* 1982 - Frédérique Hébrard
* 1983 - Jacques Bloch-Morange
* 1984 - Yves Coppens
* 1985 - Jean Hamburger
* 1986 - Jean-André Renoux
* 1987 - Bernard Destremau and Albert Chambon
* 1988 - Claude des Presles
* 1989 - Pierre Deniker
* 1990 - Anne Muratori-Philip
* 1991 - Jean-Jacques Antier
* 1992 - Bernard Pierre
* 1993 - Jacques Chaban-Delmas
* 1994 - Michel Debré
* 1995 - Alain Peyrefitte
* 1996 - Jean-Pierre Bois
* 1998 - Hélène Simon
* 1999 - Claire Daudin
* 2001 - Étienne de Montety
* 2002 - Xavier Boniface
* 2003 - Philippe Masson
* 2004 - Arnaud Tessier
* 2005 - François Kersa
* 2006 - Annie Laurent
* 2008 - Stéphanie Petit
* 2009 - Nicolas Beaupré
* 2010 - Antony Beevor
* 2011 - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
* 2012 - Paul-François Paoli
* 2013 - François d'Orcival
* 2014 - Alain Gérard
* 2015 - François-Xavier Bellamy
* 2016 - Arnaud Benedetti and Charles-Louis Foulon
* 2017- Jean-Noël Jeanneney