OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ivan R. King

Ivan Robert King (25 June 1927 – 31 August 2021) was an American astronomer. His notable works include work on structures of globular clusters, stellar photometry and the Hubble Space Telescope.

## Career

Ivan Robert King was born on June 25, 1927, in Queens, New York, the son of Myram King and Anne née Franzblau. He was awarded an academic scholarship to Lawrence Woodmere Academy, where he completed his elementary and secondary schooling. At the age of sixteen he enrolled at Hamilton College, graduating at nineteen with a bachelor's degree in German, Physics and Mathematics. He then entered the Astrophysics graduate program at Harvard University, obtaining a PhD in 1952, at age of 25.
In 1952 he served with United States Naval Reserve, for two years before working for the Department of Defense, until 1956, using his expertise in computing and cryptanalysis. He then joined the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, before taking up a position at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1964. Between 1967 and 1970 he served as the Chair of the Astronomy Department. He was made an Emeritus Professor in 1993. In 2002 he joined the University of Washington, as a research professor, where he remained scientifically active for the next decade.
King co-authored three books and nearly 300 scientific papers.

## Structures of globular clusters

In 1966 King published a series of papers on the dynamical models of globular clusters. The models were based on the Fokker-Planck equation and represented the simplest possible static dynamic models of motions. These "King model" papers have been cited on over 2,000 papers subsequently.

## Photometry

King's PhD thesis was devoted to developing stellar photometry standards. This formed the basis for the study of globular clusters.

## Hubble Space Telescope

King played an early role in the conception and build of the Faint Object Camera. He used this camera to study globular clusters, including Andromeda Galaxy.

## Personal life

In 1952 King married Alice Greene, with whom he had four children. He divorced in 1982 and married Judy Schultz in 2002.
He died on August 31, 2021, from complications following a surgery, at the age of 94.
# Labèque

Labèque (also spelled Labeque) is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Katia and Marielle Labèque, French piano duo
* Kévin Labèque (born 1991), French male track cyclist
* Louise Labèque, French actress
# Laguna Hedionda

Laguna Hedionda may refer to:
* Laguna Hedionda (Sud Lípez), a lake in the mountains of Potosí Department, Bolivia
* Laguna Hedionda (Nor Lípez), a saline lake in the mountains of Nor Lípez Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia
# Ivar Saris

Ivar Saris (born 14 July 1993) is a Dutch professional pool player. Saris is a regular player on the Euro Tour, finishing as runner-up at the 2019 Treviso Open, where he lost to Konrad Juszczyszyn in the final 9–6.
Saris made his first appearance at a world championship at the youth WPA World Nine-ball Championship, where he won three matches before losing to Marcel Fortunski. Saris is a three time medalist at the youth European Pool Championships, winning the ten-ball event, and runner-up in straight pool in 2008.
# Ivan Burduniuc

Ivan Burduniuc (born 5 January 1981) is a Moldavian professional football manager and former footballer. Since July 2011 he is the head coach of Moldavian football club FC Saxan.
# Laguna Seca (disambiguation)

Laguna Seca is a road racing track in California. The term may also refer to:
* Laguna Seca Formation, a geologic formation in California
* Laguna Seca (Mexico), see Convention of London
* Laguna Seca (Santa Clara County), a seasonal lake in California
* Laguna Seca, Texas, United States
* Rancho Laguna Seca (Alvires), in Santa Clara County, California
* Rancho Laguna Seca, in Monterey County, California
# Renaud Matignon

Renaud Matignon (1936 in Metz – 6 February 1998 in Paris) was a 20th-century French journalist and writer who worked particularly with Le Figaro and the Figaro littéraire.

## Career

Renaud Matignon made his debut in the press at the cultural weekly Arts [fr] (launched by Georges Wildenstein, directed by André Parinaud [fr]) in 1954. He later worked for Candide, la Nouvelle Revue française, Le Figaro and Le Figaro littéraire.
Along Philippe Sollers, Jean-René Huguenin and Jean-Edern Hallier, he launched the magazine Tel Quel which he quickly left.
From 1964 to 1974, Renaud Matignon was the literary director of Mercure de France (directed by Simone Gallimard).
He did not publish any books during his lifetime. The collection of his articles of Le Figaro littéraire, La liberté de blâmer (preface by Jacques Laurent, of the Académie française, allows to taste samples of his sharp style and some of his vachard finds... Examples : Jean-Louis Bory : "This Spartacus of the Codpiece"; Régis Debray: "To every lord all honor: Mr. Debray begins by himself"; Max Gallo: "The Malraux of the campsites" ...
# Relíquias (Odemira)

Relíquias is a Portuguese parish in the municipality of Odemira. The population in 2011 was 931, in an area of 120.08 km$^2$.
# The Human Condition (Man Must Die album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About | |
| Blabbermouth | |
| MetalEater | |
The Human Condition is the second album by Scottish technical death metal band Man Must Die.

## Track listing

* "Intro" – 1:08
* "Silent Observer" – 3:24
* "March of the Clones" – 2:46
* "Waster" – 4:11
* "1000 Promises of Pain" – 5:00
* "Cardboard Gangster" – 4:08
* "Past the Point" – 4:55
* "You Stand Alone" – 4:29
* "Elitist" – 4:39
* "Organized Insanity" – 3:19
* "Suicide Gene" – 5:34

## Credits

* Joe McGlynn – vocals
* Alan McFarland – guitar
* Danny McNab – bass
* John Lee – drums
# Dunham Castle

Dunham Castle is an early medieval castle in Dunham Massey, Greater Manchester, England (grid reference SJ73428742).

## History

The castle is first referred to in 1173, in a document stating Hamo de Masci held the castles of Dunham and Ullerwood. Documentary evidence suggests the castle at Dunham was still standing in 1323. The castle fell into disuse between 1323 and 1362. It probably existed on a mound, or motte, near the site of where Dunham Massey Hall is today. The motte is 24 metres (79 ft) in diameter and survives 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. The site was surrounded by a moat which was later turned into an ornamental lake. Dunham Castle has been confused with Watch Hill Castle in nearby Bowdon, but the two were separate castles, though both probably owned by de Masci. Dunham Castle was a Scheduled Ancient Monument, but was delisted.
# Lake Kavadi

Lake Kavadi is a lake of Estonia.
# Laira

Laira /ˈlɛərə/ – previously recorded as Lare (1591), Lary poynte (1638), the Leerie (1643), and the Lairy (1802) – was originally the name given to that part of the estuary of the River Plym from the Cattewater up to Marsh Mills in Plymouth, Devon, England. The name may derive from a Brythonic word corresponding to the Welsh llaeru, meaning 'to ebb'.
The A379 road and the disused Plymouth to Yealmpton railway line cross the estuary just above the Plymouth suburb of Cattedown by two bridges both known as Laira Bridge.
The name Laira now also refers to the area of Plymouth surrounding the Laira Traction Maintenance Depot. Much of the housing here was built around 1900 for employees of the depot. There is a memorial plaque to the men of Laira who died in the Great War along Old Laira Road. Also situated on Old Laira Road is the old Police / Fire Station which is currently used as a library. Laira Green Primary school is situated in the area, as well as a disused United Reformed Church.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, Old Laira Road had constituted the northern shore of Lipson Lake (or Bay), an extensive tidal inlet on the western side of the estuary. This area – on which the railway depot and Lipson Co-operative Academy now stand – was reclaimed from the estuary and drained, together with Tothill Bay on the south side of higher ground at Mount Gould, upon the completion in 1802 of an embankment along the whole western shore of the Laira. A new road, laid along this embankment shortly afterwards, from Laira Green to Prince Rock, soon became the main highway into Plymouth from Plympton, Exeter, and beyond, avoiding the often steep and narrow way via Old Laira Road and Lipson – even though the new route was to remain a toll road until 1924.
# Lagonda, Missouri

Lagonda is an unincorporated community in Chariton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Lagonda was established in 1881, and remained in operation until 1922. The origin of the name Lagonda is obscure.
# Remote Solution

Remote Solution Co., Ltd. is an electronics manufacturer located in Gimcheon, South Korea. The company was founded in 1994 as Hango Electronics Co., Ltd. and assumed its current name in 2002.
Although the company's primary products are handheld remote control devices, it is best known for its "Personal Jukebox" digital audio player. Produced from 2000 until about 2003, the player was developed by and licensed to HanGo Electronics by Compaq. The PJB-100 was the first hard drive-based DAP and was first sold by Remote Solution in 1999.
# Renai (album)

Renai (憐哀 -レンアイ-) is the debut album by Japanese visual kei rock band SID. It was released on December 22, 2004, by Danger Crue Records in two editions: regular and limited.

## Production

Renai was produced with Sakura, former drummer of L'Arc-en-Ciel. Guitarist Shinji said that at the time of recording the album, the band's schedule was tight and they had little time, so they created the melodies during train journeys. Mao said that these were the first lyrics he wrote. Despite being in a band before, he only did the vocals.

## Commercial performance

Renai reached number 44 on Oricon Albums Chart, remained on chart for 4 weeks and sold 11,547 copies while on chart.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Mao.

## Personnel

* Mao – vocals
* Shinji – guitar
* Aki – bass
* Yūya – drums
# The Last Quarter of the Moon

The Last Quarter of the Moon (Chinese: 额尔古纳河右岸) is a 2005 novel by Chinese writer Chi Zijian. This novel is about the nomadic Evenki clan in northern Heilongjiang. It was first published in China in 2005 and has won the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2008. The English version was translated by Bruce Humes and published by Penguin Random House in 2013.

## Reception

The Independent's Lucy Popescu highly praised the translation by Humes and wrote that "Zijian's beautifully realised novel offers a detailed portrait of a way of life hard to imagine today. [...] The natural beauty that surrounds the Evenki people is celebrated in lyrical prose". In the same newspaper, Daniel Hahn argued that "the story is masterfully told, with simplicity and empathy, in a direct and credible voice that not only feels unlike a translation, but unlike a fiction at all." Kate Saunders of The Times called it "capacious [...] both the private story of one family and a history of China [...] Zijian has an extraordinary gift for storytelling". Jane Housham said that the culture of the Evenki is "so enthrallingly evoked". Freya McClements argued that "Zijian’s language is infused with natural images of her native China – a bitter couple is 'a pair of weathered cliffs facing each other' – and these envelop the reader in the shrinking world of the Evenkis".
# Laguna del Marquesado

Laguna del Marquesado is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 71.
# Warnes River

Warnes River, a perennial stream of the Macleay River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

Warnes River rises below Mount Werrikimbe, on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range south of Red Hill, and flows generally west northwest then north within Oxley Wild Rivers National Park before reaching its confluence with the Yarrowitch River, northeast of Yarrowitch; descending 577 metres (1,893 ft) over its 23 kilometres (14 mi) course.
# Iron Path

Iron Path is the only studio album by the free jazz band Last Exit. It was released in 1988 on Venture and Virgin Records.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Vice | A− |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| All About Jazz | |
In a review for Allmusic, John Dougan wrote: "Using the studio to their advantage, Last Exit explores sonic texture on 'Prayer' and 'The Fire Drum,' but never loses sight of the power and energy that makes their live recordings so memorable. If you were to have one Last Exit recording, this might well be the one."
Writing for Trouser Press, Greg Kot stated: "Last Exit’s sole studio recording... introduces a less frantic direction, with more value placed on the space between notes. The compositions impose a thin veneer of structure... Some of the more textured pieces at times suggest King Crimson at its most venturesome."
Robert Christgau commented: "There's a shape and specific gravity to these 10 sub-five-minute tracks that I attribute to Laswell, who's always specialized in getting legible music out of the avant fringe, and a life force I attribute to Jackson even more than Sharrock--solid as the music is, he never stops bubbling under."
In a review for All About Jazz, Mark Corroto remarked: "Iron Path... is the clearest statement the band produced... These ten shortish studio pieces... weave between Oriental themes, surf-metal, speed metal blues, floppy funk, and hardcore thunder. Sharrock, who passed away in 1994, displays the talent that was coveted by the likes of Miles Davis and Pharoah Sanders, and Brotzmann is eternally Brotzmann, blowing an ocean liner horn from his baritone or tearing chunks of tenor madness first heard on his Machine Gun sessions. Sadly, Jackson is also gone, like Sharrock, his free jazz voice never duplicated."
Referencing the Metallica album, Chuck Eddy, writing for Spin, stated: "This is how And Justice for All oughta sound, if Metallica hadn't gone and turned into Klaatu instead. Except Metallica never shook half this hard."
In a review for Elsewhere, Graham Reid wrote: "Iron Path was damaging, incendiary noise, and you would not want to subject you sensitive ears to the assault that is 'Devil's Rain'... which sounds just right for Sonic Youth fans... Iron Path is a bawdy, bellicose, wildly swinging brawler of an album... it is what is, and wasn't polite at the time. Or even is now."

## Track listing

All music is composed by Peter Brötzmann, Ronald Shannon Jackson, Bill Laswell, Sonny Sharrock

## Personnel

Last Exit
* Peter Brötzmann – bass saxophone
* Ronald Shannon Jackson – drums
* Bill Laswell – Fender 6-string bass, producer
* Sonny Sharrock – guitar
Technical
* Martin Bisi – engineering
* Last Exit – producer
* Thi-Linh Le – photography, design
* Howie Weinberg – mastering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United Kingdom | 1988 | Venture, Virgin | CD, LP | VE 38 |
| United States | 1988 | Venture, Virgin | CD, LP | 7 91015 |
| United Kingdom | 2015 | ESP-Disk | CD, LP | ESP 4075 |
# Inverse gamma function

In mathematics, the inverse gamma function $\Gamma ^{-1}(x)$ is the inverse function of the gamma function. In other words, $y=\Gamma ^{-1}(x)$ whenever Γ(y)=x{\textstyle \Gamma (y)=x}. For example, $\Gamma ^{-1}(24)=5$. Usually, the inverse gamma function refers to the principal branch with domain on the real interval $\left[\beta ,+\infty \right)$ and image on the real interval $\left[\alpha ,+\infty \right)$, where $\beta =0.8856031\ldots$ is the minimum value of the gamma function on the positive real axis and $\alpha =\Gamma ^{-1}(\beta )=1.4616321\ldots$ is the location of that minimum.

## Definition

The inverse gamma function may be defined by the following integral representation $\Gamma ^{-1}(x)=a+bx+\int _{-\infty }^{\Gamma (\alpha )}\left({\frac {1}{x-t}}-{\frac {t}{t^{2}-1}}\right)d\mu (t)\,,$ where $\mu (t)$ is a Borel measure such that $\int _{-\infty }^{\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)}\left({\frac {1}{t^{2}+1}}\right)d\mu (t)<\infty \,,$ and $a$ and $b$ are real numbers with $b\geqq 0$.

## Approximation

To compute the branches of the inverse gamma function one can first compute the Taylor series of $\Gamma (x)$ near $\alpha$. The series can then be truncated and inverted, which yields successively better approximations to $\Gamma ^{-1}(x)$. For instance, we have the quadratic approximation:
$\Gamma ^{-1}\left(x\right)\approx \alpha +{\sqrt {\frac {2\left(x-\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)\right)}{\Psi \left(1,\ \alpha \right)\Gamma \left(\alpha \right)}}}.$
The inverse gamma function also has the following asymptotic formula $\Gamma ^{-1}(x)\sim {\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {\ln \left({\frac {x}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}\right)}{W_{0}\left(e^{-1}\ln \left({\frac {x}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}\right)\right)}}\,,$ where $W_{0}(x)$ is the Lambert W function. The formula is found by inverting the Stirling approximation, and so can also be expanded into an asymptotic series.

### Series expansion

To obtain a series expansion of the inverse gamma function one can first compute the series expansion of the reciprocal gamma function ${\frac {1}{\Gamma (x)}}$ near the poles at the negative integers, and then invert the series.
Setting $z={\frac {1}{x}}$ then yields, for the n th branch $\Gamma _{n}^{-1}(z)$ of the inverse gamma function ($n\geq 0$) $\Gamma _{n}^{-1}(z)=-n+{\frac {\left(-1\right)^{n}}{n!z}}+{\frac {\psi ^{(0)}\left(n+1\right)}{\left(n!z\right)^{2}}}+{\frac {\left(-1\right)^{n}\left(\pi ^{2}+9\psi ^{(0)}\left(n+1\right)^{2}-3\psi ^{(1)}\left(n+1\right)\right)}{6\left(n!z\right)^{3}}}+O\left({\frac {1}{z^{4}}}\right)\,,$ where $\psi ^{(n)}(x)$ is the polygamma function.
# James Featherstone (footballer)

James Lee Featherstone (born 12 November 1979) is a footballer, who later became a football agent.

## Football player

Featherstone ("Feathers"), started his career as a schoolboy with his hometown club of Leeds United FC, having come through the ranks with his local club, Otley Express, and Leeds City Schoolboys. At 14, with the Jack Walker millions being poured into the youth system at Blackburn Rovers, Featherstone was recruited from their Yorkshire rivals by Kenny Dalglish.
Featherstone did not make any first team appearances for Blackburn Rovers, but was a prominent member of their youth teams. He played there with Damien Duff and David Dunn. After many changes at Blackburn, despite winning the golden boot in the Milk Cup competition in Ireland, and many good performances at youth and reserve level, he was transferred to Scunthorpe United for an undisclosed amount. He made one appearance in the Football League for Scunthorpe.
In later years Featherstone played centre forward in non-league football with teams such as Harrogate Town and Ossett Town.

## Business career

Following his football career Featherstone entered investment banking, most recently with Investec Bank Plc.
Featherstone currently represents many top-flight players and is involved in high-profile football deals. He is a regular on Sky Sports giving commentary and insight into the world of Sports Management. He also holds numerous non-executive directorships on the boards of publicly listed companies in the UK.
Featherstone is an active agent within the European football market and is especially known for his presence in Italy. He is the only English intermediary registered as a licensed agent with the FIGC and CONI (Italian sporting governing bodies) cementing him as a firm favourite for Players for moves between the UK and Italy.
# Eulimella phaula

Eulimella phaula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* European waters (ERMS scope)
# Irvine Thornley

Irvine Thornley (11 October 1883 – 24 April 1955) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre-forward. After playing for local amateur clubs, he made his professional debut for Glossop in 1901. He moved to Manchester City in 1904, becoming a prolific goalscorer for the club and winning a single cap for England in 1907.

## Early life

Thornley was born in Whitfield, Derbyshire, the second of four children to Thomas Thornley and Henrietta Thornley (née Cooper). His father worked as a butcher and his mother was a cotton weaver. His brother John would also become a footballer. As a teenager, he worked as a tripe dresser.

## Career

Thornley began his football career playing for local amateur clubs Glossop Villa and Glossop St. James before joining Glossop in 1901. In April 1904, he joined First Division side Manchester City along with Frank Norgrove. Soon after the Football Association carried out an investigation into the transfer practices of the club and manager Tom Maley regarding making additional payments to players to avoid the maximum wage at the time.
The investigation led to Maley receiving a life ban from the game and seventeen players were either fined or suspended. With a new squad hastily assembled, City met Arsenal soon after in a match played during a heatwave. With temperatures soaring, Thornley collapsed thirty minutes into the match and was described as "prostrate and very ill". City went on to lose four other players during the match due to the extreme heat, finishing the match with only six players.
In his second season at the club, he scored 21 league goals in the First Division to finish as the club's top goalscorer, a feat which he achieved in three consecutive seasons afterwards. He received his first call-up for the England team in 1907, being named as a reserve player for a match against Ireland on 16 February 1907 before making his debut against Wales the following month.
He also made two appearances for the Football League representative side. City were relegated in 1909 but won promotion from the Second Division at the first attempt by finishing the 1909–10 season as champions.
In 1912, he was awarded a benefit match by the club that raised £1,036, a record at the time for a player benefit match, before joining South Shields. He spent three seasons with South Shields playing in the North Eastern League, scoring 154 goals in 130 matches for the club including 70 in one season.
Following the outbreak of World War I, Thornley joined the Royal Field Artillery at the age of 32 and served as a gunner until he was transferred to the army reserve in April 1917. He was discharged from the army in December 1918.
His brother John, who played for Manchester United as an amateur, was killed during the war after succumbing to wounds he suffered during the Battle of St. Quentin during Operation Michael. When competitive football resumed after the war, Thornley played for Hamilton Academical and Houghton before retiring.

## Honours

Manchester City
* Football League Second Division: 1909–10
Hamilton Academical
* Lanarkshire Cup: 1919–20
# Donacia militaris

Donacia militaris is a species of aquatic leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in the eastern United States.