OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Faculty (Catholic canon law)

A faculty, in the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, is an ecclesiastical right conferred on a subordinate, by a superior who enjoys jurisdiction in the external forum. These rights then allow the subordinate to act, in the external or internal forum, validly or lawfully, or at least safely.

## Classification

They may be classified by the object to which they relate:
* jurisdiction is granted to absolve from sins and ecclesiastical censures, to dispense in vows, in irregularities relating to the reception of orders, in matrimonial impediments;
* permission or licence is given to do something which would be otherwise forbidden, as the reading of prohibited books, saying two Masses on the same day; ordaining clerics under the prescribed age;
* to avoid worry and qualms of conscience a precautionary dispensation or permission is granted to proceed in certain cases in relation to which the opinions of theologians may not appear sufficiently well founded, as for instance, a matrimonial dispensation may be conceded as a precaution, when it is not certain that an impediment exists, or permission to anticipate at 2 p.m. the recitation of the Divine Office is granted to a person who is unwilling to accept the opinion that anticipation at that hour is lawful.
Secondly, faculties, by reason of their source, are Apostolic, episcopal, or regular. Faculties are styled Apostolic or papal when they proceed from the pope directly, or through the ordinary channels of the Roman Congregations. They are episcopal, if the power or privilege conferred proceeds from a diocesan bishop, by virtue of his own power or ordinary jurisdiction, as for instance, the faculties of the diocese, to hear confessions, say Mass, preach, etc., granted to priests who labour in the diocese for the salvation of souls. Faculties are regular when they proceed from superiors of the regular clergy by reason of their ordinary jurisdiction, or by virtue of extraordinary powers or privileges conceded to them by the Holy See.
Lastly, faculties are general or particular: general, when granted for indeterminate persons, though they may be limited by time; particular, when granted to designated persons or for particular cases. General faculties conceded to bishops and other ordinaries are also called indults. These indults are given for a definite period, e. g. five years (facultates quinquennales), or for a definite number of cases.

## History

The distance of dioceses from Rome, together with peculiar local conditions, rendered the granting of these general faculties a matter of necessity, and in 1637 certain new grants or lists of faculties were drawn up by the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office. Since then they have been communicated by the Holy See, through the Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith, to bishops, vicars and prefects Apostolic throughout the world, according to their various needs.

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Canonical Faculties". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
# Richard Holiman

Richard Holiman (fl. 1386–1388) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Wycombe in 1386 and February 1388. No further information on him has been found.
# Fairfield Plantation, Georgia

Fairfield Plantation is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in eastern Carroll County, Georgia, United States. It is a community situated around a golf course and reservoir (Treasure Lake), 8 miles (13 km) south of Villa Rica and 38 miles (61 km) west of Atlanta. Fairfield Plantation was created as a Planned Unit Development in the 1970s. The population as of the 2020 census is 4,898.

## Demographics

Fairfield Plantation CDP, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 3,795 | 77.48% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 563 | 11.49% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 14 | 0.29% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 41 | 0.84% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 2 | 0.04% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 26 | 0.53% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 221 | 4.51% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 236 | 4.82% |
| Total | 4,898 | 100.00% |
Fairfield Plantation was first listed as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. census.
# Richard Passman

Richard Passman (June 30, 1925 – April 1, 2020) was an American aeronautical engineer and space scientist. He worked on projects including the Corona, the first spy satellite. He was a volunteer in the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum and author.

## Early life and education

Passman was born in Cedarhurst, New York, to Ethel and Matthew Passman. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in aeronautical engineering in 1944 and mathematics in 1946. He earned a master's in aeronautical engineering in 1947. He joined the Navy Pilot Training program during WWII, but was discharged for medical reasons.

## Career

Passman worked for Bell Aircraft, General Electric, the U.S. Department of Energy, and Grumman Corp.
He worked on the team that created Bell X-1, the first airplane to exceed the speed of sound and served as the Chief Aerodynamicist for Bell X-2, the first plane to break mach-3. He also worked on the Corona, the spy satellite that informed the U.S. of Russian nuclear power. Passman's work also included the Nimbus weather satellite and the SNAP-27 power system for Apollo missions to the moon. He served as manager of the Manned Orbiting Laboratory project before it was terminated by President Nixon.
He co-authored X-15: The World’s Fastest Rocket Plan and the Pilots who Ushered In the Space Age in 2014. He was named to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Wall of Honor.

## Personal life and death

Passman was married to Minna for 70 years. They had three sons and lived in Silver Spring, Maryland, at the time of his death. He died of complications from COVID-19 at Holy Cross Hospital.
# Ribera d'Ebre

Ribera d'Ebre (Western Catalan:) is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. It extends to both sides of the Ebre river between the reservoir of Riba-roja and Miravet. It belongs to the Terres de l'Ebre region and its capital is Móra d'Ebre.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Population (2014) | Area km$^2$ |
| Ascó | 1,654 | 73.6 |
| Benissanet | 1,247 | 23.1 |
| Flix | 3,795 | 116.9 |
| Garcia | 559 | 52.4 |
| Ginestar | 819 | 15.8 |
| Miravet | 774 | 32.3 |
| Móra d'Ebre | 5,578 | 45.1 |
| Móra la Nova | 3,190 | 15.9 |
| La Palma d'Ebre | 371 | 37.9 |
| Rasquera | 858 | 51.3 |
| Riba-roja d'Ebre | 1,195 | 99.1 |
| Tivissa | 1,760 | 209.4 |
| La Torre de l'Espanyol | 676 | 27.9 |
| Vinebre | 449 | 26.4 |
| • Total: 14 | 22,925 | 827.1 |
# Ribera d'Ondara

Ribera d'Ondara (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality is split into three parts, the biggest central part containing the main town, Sant Antolí i Vilanova.
# Thomas Cook Airlines Canada

Thomas Cook Airlines Canada was the Canadian charter brand of Thomas Cook Airlines, based in Montreal, Quebec. The airline served destinations to the Caribbean, Mexico, and to North America.

## History

Operations began on 5 November 2010 for the tour operator Sunquest Vacations. The airline operated with leased Boeing 757-200 aircraft from other airlines within the Thomas Cook Group, primarily from Thomas Cook Airlines. Those aircraft in turn were operated by Jazz, though still operated under the name Thomas Cook Airlines Canada. Numerous flights operated using Thomas Cook Airlines' IATA, ICAO, and callsign.
The Thomas Cook Group ended up selling Sunquest Vacations to Red Label Vacations in early 2013, thus ending the flight service agreement with Jazz. This effectively led to the airline ceasing all operations.

## Destinations

At the time of the closure, Thomas Cook Airlines Canada was flying to various destinations in the Caribbean, Mexico, and to North America.

## Fleet

Before the end of the flight service agreement, Thomas Cook Airlines Canada operated the following aircraft:
Thomas Cook Airlines Canada fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Passengers | Notes |
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Y | Total | Notes |
| Boeing 757-200 | 8 | — | 235 | 235 | Operated by Jazz. Leased from Thomas Cook Airlines. |
| Total | 8 | — | | | |
# This Is What I Know About Being Gigantic

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | 8.6/10 |
| Sputnik Music | 3.5/5 |
This Is What I Know About Being Gigantic is the debut release from Minus the Bear.

## Personnel

* Jake Snider - Vocals & Guitar
* Dave Knudson - Guitar
* Erin Tate - Drums
* Cory Murchy - Bass
* Matt Bayles - Electronics

### Production

* Recorded by Matt Bayles and Minus The Bear
* Mixed by Matt Bayles
* Assisted by Troy Tiejten and Tom Harpel
* Mastered by Ed Brooks
# Third Time's a Charm

Third Time's a Charm may refer to:
* Third Time's a Charm, an album by Better Luck Next Time
* "Third Time's a Charm" (Ben 10: Omniverse), 2014 TV episode
# Richard Jones (footballer, born 1878)

Richard Jones (1878 – 1938) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team, playing 2 matches. He played his first match on 3 February 1900 against Scotland and his last match on 24 February 1900 against Ireland. At club level, he played for Druids.
# Dráchov

Dráchov is a municipality and village in Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Dráchov lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Tábor, 32 km (20 mi) north-east of České Budějovice, and 98 km (61 mi) south of Prague.

## Notable people

* Jan Mládek (born 1960), economist and politician; lives here
# Küçükdeliller, Osmangazi

Küçükdeliller is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Osmangazi, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 374 (2022).
# Red gum (Australia)

Red gum applies to any of several Australian trees including:
* Angophora costata, Sydney red gum
* Corymbia calophylla, red gum or marri, native to Western Australia
* Corymbia ficifolia, red-flowering gum
* Eucalyptus ammophila, sandplain red gum
* Eucalyptus bancroftii, Bancroft's red gum
* Eucalyptus blakelyi, Blakely's red gum, forest red gum, white budded red gum or hill red gum
* Eucalyptus brassiana, Cape York red gum
* Eucalyptus camaldulensis, river red gum
* Eucalyptus chloroclada, Baradine red gum
* Eucalyptus dealbata, hill red gum, tumble-down red gum
* Eucalyptus dwyeri, Dwyer's red gum
* Eucalyptus glaucina, slaty red gum
* Eucalyptus lane-poolei, red-freckled gum
* Eucalyptus macrorhyncha, red gum, red stringybark, Cannon's stringybark or Capertee stringybark
* Eucalyptus mannifera, red spotted gum
* Eucalyptus nandewarica, Eucalyptus flindersii, Eucalyptus gillenii, mallee red gum
* Eucalyptus parramattensis, Parramatta red gum
* Eucalyptus seeana, narrow-leaved red gum
* Eucalyptus tereticornis, red gum, forest red gum or red irongum
* Eucalyptus vicina, Manara Hills red gum
# Kurihal (B.K.)

Kurihal (B.K.) is a village in Belgaum district in Karnataka, India.
# Letov Š-4

The Letov Š-4 was a Czechoslovak single-bay, unstaggered biplane fighter and trainer in the 1920s.

## Production history

The Š-4 was first created in 1922 as an intended successor to the SPAD S.VII and S.XIII, in service with the newly created Czechoslovak Air Force. It first flew in 1922, with fabric-covered wooden wings and a metal fuselage and tail.

## Operational history

The Czechoslovak Air Force ordered 20 Š-4s in 1922 and these were delivered in early 1923. The plane lived out the 1920s as a fighter and trainer, but by 1927 difficulties were being experienced due to the low manufacturing quality of the Š-4. As a result, all remaining Š-4s were upgraded to Š-4a trainer aircraft in 1928.

## List of operators
### Czech Republic

* Czechoslovak Air Force

## Specifications

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6.58 m (21 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 8 m (26 ft 3 in)
* Height: 2.62 m (8 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 15.9 m$^2$ (171 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 673 kg (1,484 lb)
* Gross weight: 980 kg (2,161 lb)
* Powerplant: × Hispano-Suiza 8Ba V-8 water-cooled piston engine, 160 kW (220 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden fixed pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 232 km/h (144 mph, 125 kn)
* Service ceiling: 6,200 m (20,300 ft)
* Time to altitude: 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 9.3 minutes
* Wing loading: 61.5 kg/m$^2$ (12.6 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.16 kW/kg (0.1 hp/lb)
Armament
* Guns: 2 x synchronised 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Vickers machine-guns
# Thora Daugaard

Theodora (Thora) Frederikke Marie Daugaard (22 October 1874 – 28 June 1951) was a Danish women's rights activist, pacifist, editor and translator. In 1915, she attended the International Women's Conference in The Hague, together with Clara Tybjerg. Thereafter she established and later headed the Danske Kvinders Fredskæde or Danish Women's Peace Chain which became the Danish branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She is also remembered for organizing assistance for Jews and their children in Nazi-occupied Denmark during the Second World War.

## Biography

Born on 22 October 1874 in Store Arden near Hobro, Jutland, Theodora Frederikke Marie Daugaard was the daughter of the hotel keeper Peder Johannes Jensen (1841–1903) and Petrine Daugaard (1848–1925). After receiving an education as a translator in 1903, she was employed by the Danish Women's Society as editorial secretary for their journal Kvinden og Samfundet and as business manager of their new office. Working together with Esther Carstensen, Gyrithe Lemche and Astrid Stampe Feddersen, she joined the organization's electoral committee, becoming its international secretary until 1915 when Danish women won the right to vote.
Thereafter, she devoted her efforts principally to the peace movement, attending the 1915 International Women's Conference in the Hague where she announced: "We want war no longer. We no longer want it explained that we women are protected by war. No, we are raped by war!". The following year, she established the Danish Women's Peace Chain. From 1920 to 1941, she became the association's president, raising membership to 15,000.
In 1918, based on her experiences abroad, she initiated the construction of a home for single, self-employed women with almost 150 apartments, a restaurant and a laundry. When it was completed in 1920 as Clara Raphaels Hus on Copenhagen's Østerbro, Daugaard moved in herself. The following year, she was engaged as editor of a new weekly magazine Tidens Kvinder which until 1923 was published by Danske Kvinders Nationalråd. She also edited the magazine published by Kvindernes Internationale Liga for Fred og Frihed, the new name of Danske Kvinders Fredskæde. From 1930 to 1932, she edited Vore Damer which was similar to Tidens Kvinder.
Invited by the American social worker Jane Addams who was president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, she made a lecture tour of the United States from 1927 to 1929. In 1934, Daugaard represented the WILPF at the League of Nations, becoming the League's international treasurer from 1938 to 1946.
In 1938 to 1939, together with Mélanie Oppenhejm and Kirsten Gloerfelt-Tarp, she was active in saving Jewish children from the Nazi countries, succeeding in having 320 sent to Denmark. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark, most of them were sent to Sweden. Her involvement with the Jews forced her into fleeing to Sweden herself in 1943.
Thora Daugaard died on 28 June 1951 in Holstebro and was buried at Mariager Abbey.
# Trachystylis

Trachystylis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cyperaceae. The single species is Trachystylis stradbrokensis (Domin) Kok, which is endemic to Australia (Queensland).
# Puerto Rico Highway 820

Puerto Rico Highway 820 (PR-820) is an east–west road between the municipalities of Toa Alta and Vega Alta in Puerto Rico. With a length of 2.1 kilometers (1.3 mi), it extends from PR-823 in Río Lajas barrio to its intersection with PR-677 and PR-678 in Maricao barrio.

## Route description

Puerto Rico Highway 820 is a rural road with a single lane per direction along its entire length. In Toa Alta, PR-820 leaves from PR-823, passing through Marzán neighborhood until the Vega Alta municipal limit. In Vega Alta, PR-820 has a short length from the Toa Alta municipal limit until its western terminus at PR-677 and PR-678 intersection. The entire length in Toa Alta is located in Río Lajas barrio, while in Vega Alta it is located entirely in Maricao barrio.
* Puerto Rico Highway 820
* Western terminus at PR-677 and PR-678 intersection in Maricao, Vega Alta, looking east
* Eastbound sign in Maricao, Vega Alta

## Major intersections

* PR-823 east approaching PR-820 in Río Lajas, Toa Alta
* PR-823 east at PR-820 intersection in Río Lajas, Toa Alta
* PR-677 east near PR-678 and PR-820 intersection in Maricao, Vega Alta
* PR-678 south at PR-677 and PR-820 intersection in Maricao, Vega Alta
| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Vega Alta | Maricao | 2.1 | 1.3 | PR-677 / PR-678 (Carretera Pámpanos) – Vega Alta, Maricao | Western terminus of PR-820 |
| Toa Alta | Río Lajas | 0.0 | 0.0 | PR-823 to PR-142 (Carretera José Antonio "Sonny" Rodríguez Ortiz) – Toa Alta, Dorado, Corozal | Eastern terminus of PR-820 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Veli-Matti Ahonen

Veli-Matti Ahonen is a Finnish former ski jumper.
# The Razorbacks

The Razorbacks were a Canadian rockabilly band that attained moderate national popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The band was known for its lively stage show, and made regular appearances on The Tommy Hunter Show on CBC.

## History

The Razorbacks were formed in 1986; members were singer/guitarist Tony Kenny, bassist Jail House Joe, drummer Don Dekouchay and Donny Cartwright. The band began busking and performing in Toronto.
By 1988, The Razorbacks were performing around southern Ontario, and that year they independently released their first album Go to Town. Shortly thereafter the band was signed to Warner Records, which re-released the album. Singles from the album included “It's Saturday Night,” which appeared on the RPM Country Singles chart, and “So Much Fun”. The band won the CASBY Award for "Most Promising Group", defeating The Tragically Hip.
The Razorbacks appeared on the Super Dave TV show called Swim Stadium, season 2, episode 9. In December 1989, the band was featured in their own CBC Television Christmas special, It's a Razorbacks Christmas Barbeque. The special, which saw the band performing original Christmas-themed music, also featured special guest Mary Margaret O'Hara, who received a Gemini Award nomination for Best Performance in a Variety or Performing Arts Program or Series at the 5th Gemini Awards in 1990.
The album Go to Town was re-released in 1997 with four extra tracks.
In 2023, A.V.R.A. Records began digitally reissuing the entire Razorbacks catalog including unreleased material.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | CAN |
| 1988 | Go to Town | 78 |
| 1989 | Live a Little | 84 |
| 1996 | Flying Jenny | |
| 2024 | Early Rarities & Unreleased Gems | |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Chart Positions | Album |
| Year | Single | CAN Country | CAN | Album |
| 1988 | "It's Saturday Night" | 30 | 68 | Go to Town |
| 1989 | "Times Like These" | 42 | 95 | Live a Little |
# Veen

Veen may refer to:

## Surname

* Hans-Joachim Veen (born 1944), German political scientist
* Hendrik Veen (1823–1905), Dutch photographer in the Dutch East Indies
* Ine Veen [cy; nl] (born 1937), Dutch ballet dancer and actress
* Stephan Veen (born 1970), Dutch field hockey player
* Tom Veen (1942–2014), Dutch politician
* Zac Veen (born 2001), American baseball player

## Other uses

* Veen, Netherlands, a village in the municipality of Altena
* Veen Media, a Dutch media company
* VEEN, a Finnish bottled water brand
* Veen Observatory, south of Lowell, Michigan, United States
# Veemeeswarar Temple, Serapanancheri

Serapanancheri is a small village located near Padappai on the Tambaram-Walajabad road in Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu in India. Serapanancheri is famous for its Shiva Temple that dates back to c. 1180 CE and its first inscription starts with Chola King Kulothunga III. The main deity of the temple is lord Veemeeswarar (originally believed to be Lord Vinmeeneswarar) who is the ruler of all 27 star constellations.
Legend has that Lord Surya (The Sun God) worships Shiva at this place regularly. The Veemeeswarar temple is also believed to be visited by numerous sages, and siddhas. Lord veemeeswarar is accompanied by her consort Swarnaambigai. Two nandis serve the lord here, instead of one. Lord Surya (The Sun God) stands behind the nandi, as a worshipper of lord Shiva.
As in all other Shiva temples, Pradhosham and Shiva rathri are celebrated here by the locals regularly. The temple is also surrounded by three theerthas (sacred tanks) - Agni Theertham, Brahma Theertham and Vishnu Theertham. The tanks currently dried up, but may re-appear during rainy seasons.
Veemeeswaram temple architecture is partly destroyed on the outer side, but the inside sanctum, and the deities remain intact. In fact the shiva lingam is much bigger than in many other places, and presents a pleasant view for the bakthas. Goddess Swarnambigai resides next to Lord Veemeswarar, and the goddess too sits inside the main sanctum.
Veemeeswarar sametha Swarnambigai Koil, Serapanancheri is said to be a temple visited by many yoga purushas, and is a place of true divine manifestation.
# Wally Harris

Wally Harris may refer to:
* Wally Harris (Australian footballer) (1919–2001), Australian rules footballer
* Wally Harris (English footballer) (1900–1933), English professional footballer
* Wally Harris (referee) (born 1935), National Hockey League referee
# Isham and Burton Latimer railway station

Isham and Burton Latimer railway station was built by the Midland Railway in 1857 to serve the villages of Isham and Burton Latimer on its extension from Leicester to Bedford and Hitchin. It closed in 1950 and the building has since been converted into a house.
Slightly north of it was a branch line which ran until 1959 to Thrapston and Huntingdon.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Kettering | | Midland Railway Midland Main Line | | Finedon |
# Vernam

Vernam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Vernam (born 1996), English professional footballer
* Gilbert Vernam (1890–1960), invented an additive polyalphabetic stream cipher and later co-invented an automated one-time pad cipher
* Remington D. B. Vernam (1896–1918), American pilot and World War I flying ace
* Remington Vernam (land developer) (1843–1907), American lawyer and real-estate developer from New York, founder of the community of Arverne
# Waltham Township, LaSalle County, Illinois

Waltham Township is located in LaSalle County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 446 and it contained 200 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 37.01 square miles (95.9 km$^2$), all land.

## Notable People

LeRoy Hagenbuch - raised in Waltham Township - owner of Philippi Hagenbuch Inc. - owner of multiple patents primarily related to mining and off-highway hauling industries - Pit and Quarry Hall of Fame inductee (2013) Travis Hagenbuch - raised in Waltham Township - winner of 5 Emmys related to lighting design and lighting direction - nominated for Oscar, Grammy and Kennedy Center awards