OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jos Jullien

Joseph Victor Jullien, known as Jos Jullien (January 1877 in Tournon-sur-Rhône, Ardèche, France – 22 May 1956 in Joyeuse, Ardèche), was a French general practitioner, researcher, politician, prehistorian, painter-engraver and writer. His biological work is at the origin of the creation of biotherm cosmetic products.

## Medical career

Dr. Jos Jullien was a doctor, archaeologist, painter, engraver, politician and researcher. He was the world reference for Brucellosis, a disabling disease that affected countries around the Mediterranean. He developed one of the first therapeutic treatments for this pathology and a medical device to relieve the respiratory symptoms of the patients: the SPIRO, in 1934. This device marks a turning point in the medical career of the doctor Jullien. He quickly transformed himself into fitness equipment and Jos Jullien reached an agreement with the spa of Salin les Thermes (Savoie) to commercialize his invention. It was during the visit of the spa that he began to take an interest in the properties of thermal waters, initially as a complement to treatments for patients with Brucellosis.
He conducted his first experiments on the waters of Aix les Bains (Savoie) for application in dermatology, but without success. His problem was the conservation of the properties of thermal waters outside the source. This is called the "aging of waters": a thermal water outside the source loses its properties. Why ? Nobody had the answer. He then studied the composition of these waters: minerals, vitamins, radioactivity ... Little by little he became the specialist of thermal waters and understood that the most important element in these waters is plankton. Plankton is a living element that gives the medical properties of waters. When the water is bottled, the physicochemical balance of the water is changed (T°C, Ph, oxygen), the plankton dies and the water loses its properties. He thus founded thermal hydrobiology. In 1946, Adrien Barthélemy bought the small spa town of Molitg-les-Bains in the Pyrénées-Orientales, and contacted Jos Jullien to study the waters of the resort. He wants to commercially exploit the properties of water in the form of derivatives. Jos Jullien becomes the director of the station laboratories which includes a team of about ten people. He is then 69 years old. It identifies a specific plankton of the station that plays a role on the skin. He then appealed to the Marissal couple to strengthen his team and produce a new cosmetic product from plankton. They are developing a method of plankton culture, conservation and integration into a cream. Biotherm (BIOlogy THERMal ) was born. But the wounds of 14-18 Jos Jullien wake up and he can’t follow the research conducted in Molitg as before. It does not appear on the plankton of life patent, even if it is his research that allowed its creation.

## Decorations and Distinctions

* Knight of the Legion of Honor (France)
* War Cross (France)
* Officer of Academic Palms (France)
* Medal of Honor of Epidemics (France)
* Medal of Vermeil of the Ministry of War (France) for 35 years of "care given free to the gendarmes".
# Tower City

Tower City may refer to:
* Tower City, Pennsylvania
* Tower City, North Dakota
* Tower City Center, a retail, office, and transportation complex in downtown Cleveland, Ohio
** Tower City station
# Benthomangelia celebensis

Benthomangelia celebensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8.5 mm, its diameter 3.5 mm.
(Original description) The small shell has a subbiconical shape with a short siphonal canal and a subgradate spire. It is thin, subpellucid and white. It contains 6½ whorls, of which nearly 2 form a smooth, shining, convexly-whorled protoconch. The subsequent whorls are angular, excavated above, separated by a conspicuous, irregularly waved suture, with a rather strong rib just below it, with short bead-like folds. The lower part of whorls shows oblique ribs, 15 in number on the body whorl, tubercled at their upper part below the excavation. Moreover, the basal part of whorls is crossed by faint spirals, 2 in number on the penultimate whorl, about 10 in a slightly contracted body whorl, of which latter the upper ones are more conspicuous, bead-like in crossing the ribs. Those on the siphonal canal are plain. Lastly the whorls are crossed by growth lines. The aperture is elongately oval, angular above, with a short, wide siphonal canal below. The peristome is thin, broken, according to growth lines with a wide, rather deep sinus above, then considerably protracted, columellar side concave above, slightly tortuous below, with a conspicuous, appressed layer of enamel.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Sulawesi, Indonesia.
# Callow, Derbyshire

Callow is a village and a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales District, in the English county of Derbyshire. At the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Kirk Ireton. It is near the small town of Wirksworth and the reservoir Carsington Water.
Callow is recorded as Caldelawe in 1086 as having two caracutes of land as a berewick (supporting farm) of nearby Wirksworth. Callow Hall (not to be confused with Callow Hall at Ashbourne) is a moated site with a seventeenth century gritstone double-bayed main farmhouse building constructed over a thirteenth century undercroft.
Callow was one of the manors of the Duchy of Lancaster in the Middle Ages and was involved in a dispute between the Duchy and the Stathams of Morley, who had a tenancy at Callow. "30 mares, 30 Ox, 30 cows and 20 bullocks worth 100 marks were taken from Duchy of Lancaster lands at Morley, Callow and Wirksworth and (the Stathams) cut down John of Gaunt’s trees to the value of £100, dug in his mine, assaulted his free tenants and serfs, destroyed their tenements and practiced such oppressions at Ralph Statham’s court that many of his (John of Gaunts) tenants had left". Ralph Statham died on 13 June 1380 but his sons carried on their feud with the Duchy. On 20 June 1381 Philip of Okeover, one of John of Gaunt's knights with his retainers, struck back at the Stathams with an attack on their lands at Callow. This feud continued in an on-off kind of way throughout the 1380s, as it is recorded again, in 1387.
Callow was also one of the lead ore producing manors close to Wirksworth and in 1822 lead miners sinking a shaft at the Dream Mine, on Stainsborough Hill at Callow, discovered the remains of a prehistoric woolly rhinoceros.
# Bromocresol green

Bromocresol green (BCG) is a dye of the triphenylmethane family (triarylmethane dyes). It belongs to a class of dyes called sulfonephthaleins. It is used as a pH indicator in applications such as growth mediums for microorganisms and titrations. In clinical practise, it is commonly used as a diagnostic technique. The most common use of bromocresol green is to measure serum albumin concentration within mammalian blood samples in possible cases of kidney failure and liver disease. In chemistry, bromocresol green is used in Thin-layer chromatography staining solutions to visualize acidic compounds.

## Properties

In aqueous solution, bromocresol green will ionize to give the monoanionic form (yellow), that further deprotonates at higher pH to give the dianionic form (blue), which is stabilized by resonance:
The acid dissociation constant (pK$_a$) of this reaction is 4.8. Tap water is sufficiently basic to give a solution of bromocresol green its characteristic blue-green color.
The acid and basic forms of this dye have an isosbestic point in their UV-Visible spectrum, around 515 nm, indicate that the two forms interconvert directly without forming any other substance.
An ethanol solution (0.04 wt%) of bromocresol green has been proposed for TLC staining and is suitable for visualisation of the compounds with functional groups whose pK$_a$ is below 5.0 (carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, etc.). These appear as yellow spots on a light or dark blue background; no heating is necessary. Bromophenol blue solution can be used for the same purpose.
The compound is synthesized by bromination of cresol purple (m-cresolsulfonphthalein).

## Uses

It is used as a pH indicator and as a tracking dye for DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. It can be used in its free acid form (light brown solid), or as a sodium salt (dark green solid). It is also an inhibitor of the prostaglandin E$_2$ transport protein. Additional applications include use in sol-gel matrices, the detection of ammonia, and the measurement of albumin in human plasma and serum.

## Safety

Bromocresol green may cause irritation. Skin and eye contact should be avoided.
# John Mooney (historian)

John Mooney (1862–1950) was a Scottish historian. He was a founder of the Orkney Antiquarian Society.

## Biography

Mooney was born in Orkney. During his lifetime he was the director of R. Garden Ltd, and was also a Kirkwall Town Councillor.
# Gallicanus II

Gallicanus II was the ninth bishop of Embrun. He assisted at the Fourth Council of Orléans in 541 and was represented by a certain Probus at the fifth of Orléans. He is said to have consecrated a church dedicated to the Spanish martyrs Vincent, Orontius and Victor, which was built at Embrun by the previous bishop, Palladius. It is possible, however, that Palladius never existed—he is unknown except from some hagiographical documents of little value—and that Gallicanus II is the same person as Gallicanus I and governed the diocese from 518 until 549, and perhaps as late as 554.

## Sources

* Halfond, Gregory I. The Archaeology of Frankish Church Councils, AD 511–768. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
# Tulsa Reparations Coalition

The Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, also called the 1921 Race Riot Commission, was authorized in 1997 by the Oklahoma State Legislature. Its purpose was to research the events of the Tulsa race massacre of 1921. Its report was submitted on February 28, 2001. The Tulsa Reparations Coalition, sponsored by the Center for Racial Justice, Inc. was formed April 7, 2001, to obtain restitution for the damages suffered by Tulsa's Black community, as recommended by the Oklahoma Commission on February 21, 2001.
After reporting back to the Oklahoma State Legislature, the final report recommended five separate reparations to the survivors, descendants and to the community of Greenwood where the massacre took place.
* Direct payment of reparations to survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre
* Direct payment of reparations to descendants of the survivors of the Tulsa Massacre
* A scholarship fund available to students affected by the Tulsa Massacre
* Establishment of an economic development enterprise zone in the historic area of the Greenwood District
* A memorial for the reburial of the remains of the victims of the Tulsa Race Riot
The Commission conducted three and a half years of research, speaking with survivors of the massacre and sifting through hospital and autopsy reports. The final report of the Commission discussed the events of May 31 and June 1, 1921; the destruction of property; the social and economic dislocation and devastation of the black community; and the number of casualties the Commission confirmed. In brief,
   Through the night of May 31, and into the morning of June 1, whites virtually destroyed the Greenwood section. There were an undetermined number of deaths, both black and white, with estimates ranging from the official count of 36 to approximately 300. Over 1,000 residences were burned and another 400 looted. The business district of Greenwood was totally destroyed and probably accounts for much of the $4 million in claims filed against the city in 1921.
There had been much speculation as to the actual number of deaths. There were statements that many hundreds of deaths occurred during the massacre, far more than were reported. Eyewitnesses said that these bodies were of black men and were located in mass unmarked graves. In contrast, based on contemporary autopsy reports and death certificates, the Commission confirmed 26 black males, 13 white males, and over 100 estimated dead. The final report also includes the available data about the bodies, including their cause of death, wounds, etc. They did not dismiss the possibility of mass graves, and found at least one potential location based on an eyewitness report and a geophysical search. However, obtaining conclusive evidence required archeological work, which the investigators were not authorized to perform.
# KLV

KLV (Key-Length-Value) is a data encoding standard, often used to embed information in video feeds. The standard uses a type–length–value encoding scheme. Items are encoded into Key-Length-Value triplets, where key identifies the data, length specifies the data's length, and value is the data itself. It is defined in SMPTE 336M-2007 (Data Encoding Protocol Using Key-Length Value), approved by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Due to KLV's large degree of interoperability, it has also been adopted by the Motion Imagery Standards Board.

## Byte packing

In a binary stream of data, a KLV set is broken down in the following fashion, with all integer-interpretation being big endian:

### Key field

The first few bytes are the Key, much like a key in a standard hash table data structure. Keys can be 1, 2, 4, or 16 bytes in length. Presumably in a separate specification document you would agree on a key length for a given application. Sixteen byte keys are usually reserved for use as globally registered unique identifiers, and the Value portion of such a packet usually contains a series of more KLV sets with smaller keys.

### Length field

Following the bytes for the Key are bytes for the Length field which will tell you how many bytes follow the length field and make up the Value portion. There are four kinds of encoding for the Length field: 1-byte, 2-byte, 4-byte and Basic Encoding Rules (BER). The 1-, 2-, and 4-byte variants are pretty straightforward: make an unsigned integer out of the bytes, and that integer is the number of bytes that follow.
BER length encoding is a bit more complicated but the most flexible. If the first byte in the length field does not have the high bit set (0x80), then that single byte represents an integer between 0 and 127 and indicates the number of Value bytes that immediately follows. If the high bit is set, then the lower seven bits indicate how many bytes follow that themselves make up a length field.
For example if the first byte of a BER length field is binary 10000010, that would indicate that the next two bytes make up an integer that then indicates how many Value bytes follow. Therefore a total of three bytes were taken up to specify a length.

### Value field

The remaining bytes are the Value field, and its contents can be whatever you like, including a chain of more KLV sets, as is often the case.

### Example

In the following example, the four bytes represent a KLV set where the key is one byte, the length field is one byte (or possibly BER - you cannot tell from the example), and the value is two bytes: a zero and a three. In your application you would have previously agreed to a) use one-byte keys and b) use one-byte length encoding. Also presumably the key value "42" would mean something to you, perhaps it indicates that the value bytes 0x00 and 0x03 are an integer representing the value of your bicycle's odometer.
| Key | Length | Value | Value |
| 42 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
# Jijivisha

Jijivisha is a documentary on the river Yamuna made in 2005 by Swechha with contributions from Kuber Sharma, Ishita Moitra, Shirley Abraham, Charulatha Menon and Amit Madheshia.
The film traces the journey of the river from Yamunotri to Allahabad through cities such as Delhi and Agra.
It was directed by Vimlendu Jha, Amit Madhesia, Charulatha Menon and Ishita Moitra. Vimlendu Jha also produced the film.
# Benthomangelia decapitata

Benthomangelia decapitata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in European waters off the British Isles.
# Callous ulcer

Callous ulcer is a chronic nonhealing ulcer with hard indurated base and inelastic margins. It usually contains unhealthy pale granulation tissue. It may last for months to years and does not show any tendency to heal.
# Judge O'Brien

Judge O'Brien may refer to:
* Donald E. O'Brien (1923–2015), judge of the United States District Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of Iowa
* Ernest Aloysius O'Brien (1880–1948), judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
* Terrence L. O'Brien (born 1943), judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
# Kakamega School

Kakamega School, formerly known as Government African School Kakamega and Kakamega High School, is a four-year high school in Kakamega, Western Kenya, founded in 1932.
Mr. Harold Arthur Waterloo Chapman, a graduate of University of Oxford, was made the school principal in August 1931 before its completion and commissioning. He served as the school principal until 1955 when he retired. He later died on the 25 January 1988.
Chapman left a permanent mark in Kakamega school where his name was synonymous with the school. A hostel on the SOWETO side of the boarding section was named after him, and is one of the most popular hostels housing both junior and senior students. To this date, the school is referred to as Chapman's land as mentioned in the school anthem.
Kakamega school is currently categorized by the Ministry of Education as a national school and admits students from across Kenya. However, even before its elevation to a national school, the school would enrol students from every part of the country based on its popularity.

## Notable alumni

* Moody Awori – 10th Vice President of Kenya
* Najib Balala – Secretary for Tourism
* Yusuf Chanzu – M.P. for the Vihiga Constituency
* Bonny Khalwale – former senator representing Kakamega county
* Newton Kulundu – former Minister for Labour
* Kenneth Marende – former Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya
* Dennis Oliech – international footballer
* Noah Wekesa – former Minister for Wildlife and Forestry
# Bobby Beale

Robert Hughes Beale (8 January 1884 – 5 October 1950) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Maidstone, Kent, he played in the Southern League for Brighton & Hove Albion and Norwich City before joining Football League side Manchester United in 1912. After the First World War, he returned to the Southern League with Gillingham.

## Career

Born in Maidstone, Kent, Beale began his career with his hometown club, Maidstone United, in the early 20th century. In 1905, he signed for Brighton & Hove Albion, before moving to Norwich City three years later. In May 1912, he was signed by Manchester United for £275. He made 105 appearances for the club in The Football League, and played once for the Football League XI in an inter-league representative match, but his career in The Football League was ended by the First World War.
When competitive football resumed, he joined Gillingham of the Southern Football League. He began the 1919–20 season as the club's first-choice goalkeeper, but lost his place after 12 games and eventually returned to his first club, Maidstone United. Beale's son, Walter, also had a career as a footballer and signed for his father's former club, Manchester United, in May 1938, however he never played for the first team.
# Turbonilla bedoyai

Turbonilla bedoyai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Joseph Perrino

Joseph Perrino (born April 30, 1982) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the drama film Sleepers in 1996.

## Life and career

Joseph Perrino is an American film, television and stage actor, best known for his roles in the feature film Sleepers and the television series The Sopranos.
Perrino's acting career began with his portrayal of Lorenzo "Shakes" Carcaterra, one of the lead roles in the film Sleepers. His performance reviewed positive reviews; he was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film and was named a Breakthrough Star by People Magazine.
Perrino went on to work with Anna Paquin, playing her love interest, Ross Epstein, in Tony Goldwyn's A Walk on the Moon. He then played a gang leader named Blade in The Mighty, starring Sharon Stone. Perrino moved on to the indie film The Bumblebee Flies Anyway, playing Mazzo, a terminally ill cancer patient dealing with his last days on earth.
After a hiatus from acting, Perrino returned to appear in the last season of The Sopranos, playing Jason Gervasi, a young mobster.
In 2017, Perrino began work on the STARZ network's hit crime series Power in its 5th season as Vincent Ragni, a boss in the Italian syndicate. According to Power creator Courtney A. Kemp, Perrino made such a favorable impression that the storyline was retooled to keep Perrino's character alive.

## Filmography

* 1996 The Juror as Tommy Riggio
* 1996 Sleepers as Young Lorenzo 'Shakes' Carcaterra
* 1997 Homicide: Life on the Street (TV Series) as Young Johnny Munch
* 1998 The Mighty as Tony D [Blade]
* 1999 A Walk on the Moon as Ross Epstein
* 1999 The Bumblebee Flies Anyway as Mazzo
* 2006 The Immaculate Misconception as Joey
* 2007 The Sopranos (TV Series) as Jason Gervasi
* 2007 The Hit as Tony 'Little Tony'
* 2008 Assassination of a High School President as 'Dutch' Middleton
* 2010 Law & Order (TV Series) as Parole Officer Jack McKenzie
* 2013 Run as Security Guard Owens
* 2013 The Family as Joey, Mobster
* 2014 Before I Disappear as Ellis
* 2014 Blue Bloods (TV Series) as Doorman Sergio
* 2015 4 Kings as Unknown
* 2016 The Brooklyn Banker as Nick
* 2017 Cigarette Soup as Skinner
* 2017 Happy! (TV Series) as Pal Scaramucci
* 2018–2020 Power (TV Series) as Vincent Ragni
* 2019 It's Bruno! (TV Series) as Mario
* 2019 The Wisdom Tooth as Enrico
* 2023 The Foxes of Hydesville (narrative podcast) as Josiah Bessell, Red Taylor

## Awards and nominations

Young Artist Awards
* 1997: Nominated, "Best Performance in a Feature Film by a Leading Young Actor" - Sleepers
YoungStar Awards
* 1997: Nominated, "Best Performance by a Young Actor in a Drama Film" - Sleepers
# Jijim

Jijim may mean:
* Buchimgae, pan-fried Korean food made by cooking something on a greased frying pan
* Jijim, a type of Turkish rug made of strips of Kilim sewn together
# Llancaiach Colliery

Llancaiach Colliery was a coal mine in the South Wales Valleys, located just to the north of the village of Nelson and just to the south of Llancaiach Fawr Manor.
It was opened by Thomas Powell in 1811, and from 1841 was served by the bespoke Llancaiach Branch line of the Taff Vale Railway.
The mine closed in 1887.
# John Short (journalist)

John Short (January 31, 1937 – January 11, 2024) was a Canadian sports journalist and broadcaster. He wrote a column for the Edmonton Sun. Short had formerly worked for the Canadian Press, Edmonton Journal, as well as the Edmonton Oilers as public relations director. He also hosted various sports-related radio shows.
Short was inducted into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 1988, and was a recipient of the Chester Bell Memorial Award for excellence in sportswriting, as well as the Fred Sgambati National Award for university sports coverage. He served on the board of directors for the Alberta Sport Connection, and also served on the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame Selection Committee.
Short died on January 11, 2024, at the age of 86.
# Kamiwaza

Kamiwaza (神業, Kamiwaza) is a stealth video game developed by Acquire and released for the PlayStation 2 in 2006.
A remastered version of the game, titled Kamiwaza: Way of the Thief, was released in October 2022 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, and PlayStation 4 via Acquire in Japan and NIS America in North America and Europe.

## Reception

Metacritic listed Kamiwaza: Way of the Thief as the ninth-worst game of 2022.