# Sandu Shui Autonomous County

Sandu Shui Autonomous County (Chinese: 三都水族自治县; pinyin: Sāndū Shuǐzú Zìzhìxiàn; Bouyei: Sanyduy Suijzuf Ziqziqxianq) is an autonomous county in the southeast of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and the only Shui Autonomous County in China; 63% of Shui in China live in this county, which is the heartland of the Shui people. Per a 2022 county government publication, Sandu has a population of 381,000, 97% of whom belong to ethnic minorities, and 67% of the total population are Shui.
It is one of the poorest counties of Guizhou. Most of the county is forested and it is noted for its clean air.

## Administrative divisions

Sandu administers the following 2 subdistricts and 6 towns:
* Sanhe Subdistrict (Chinese: 三合街道)
* Fengyu Subdistrict [zh] (Chinese: 凤羽街道)
* Dahe [zh] (Chinese: 大河镇)
* Pu'an [zh] (Chinese: 普安镇)
* Dujiang [zh] (Chinese: 都江镇)
* Zhonghe [zh] (Chinese: 中和镇)
* Zhouqin [zh] (Chinese: 周覃镇)
* Jiuqian [zh] (Chinese: 九阡镇)

## Geography

Sandu County's urban center is located 68 kilometres (42 mi) from Duyun, the administrative center of the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and 177 kilometres (110 mi) from the provincial capital of Guiyang.
All of Sandu belongs to the watershed of the Liu River which flows into the Pearl River. The Duliu River has its source in Sandu and flows into the Liu River. The county is rather mountainous with Karst landscape resulting in large locale temperature and climate differences. Antimony is mined commercially in Sandu.

### Climate

Climate data for Sandu, elevation 448 m (1,470 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) | 32.3 (90.1) | 35.6 (96.1) | 37.1 (98.8) | 36.4 (97.5) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.2 (102.6) | 38.8 (101.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 28.1 (82.6) | 39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.1 (59.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 24.6 (76.3) | 28.0 (82.4) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.2 (90.0) | 32.6 (90.7) | 30.0 (86.0) | 24.7 (76.5) | 20.4 (68.7) | 14.8 (58.6) | 23.6 (74.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) | 10.6 (51.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.3 (79.3) | 23.8 (74.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 14.8 (58.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 18.4 (65.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.7 (45.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.8 (73.0) | 20.2 (68.4) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.6 (52.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 15.2 (59.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) | −1.9 (28.6) | −0.5 (31.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | 7.2 (45.0) | 12.5 (54.5) | 15.4 (59.7) | 17.1 (62.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 6.4 (43.5) | 0.3 (32.5) | −3.5 (25.7) | −3.5 (25.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.0 (1.46) | 36.9 (1.45) | 69.7 (2.74) | 118.7 (4.67) | 205.1 (8.07) | 278.8 (10.98) | 224.5 (8.84) | 162.1 (6.38) | 90.5 (3.56) | 76.9 (3.03) | 47.3 (1.86) | 27.4 (1.08) | 1,374.9 (54.12) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.2 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 17.1 | 15.1 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 168 |
| Average snowy days | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 80 | 83 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 81 | 79 | 76 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 34.0 | 48.8 | 62.5 | 87.6 | 103.2 | 87.0 | 139.1 | 161.6 | 129.0 | 90.3 | 82.8 | 63.0 | 1,088.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 10 | 15 | 17 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 33 | 40 | 35 | 25 | 26 | 19 | 24 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As of 2021, Sandu Shui Autonomous County has a registered hukou population of 380,871, of which, 96,869 belong to urban areas, and the remaining 284,002 belong to rural areas, giving the autonomous county an urbanization rate of 25.43%.
Per a 2022 county government publication, 67% of the autonomous county's population is ethnically Shui, another 30% belong to other recognized ethnic minorities, and just 3% of the population is ethnically Han Chinese.
The average annual disposable income for urban residents as of 2021 totaled 35,874 renminbi (RMB), a 9% increase from the previous year, and the second highest among county-level divisions in the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

## Transport

Sandu is served by the Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway, with a travel time of 50 minutes to Guiyang. It is also connected by G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway and several provincial expressways.