OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fermín María Álvarez

Fermín María Álvarez (Zaragoza, 1833 – Barcelona, 1898) was a Spanish lawyer, composer, and amateur pianist from the region of Aragon. He is famous for his compositions of música de cámara, or chamber music--especially for solo piano and for voice and piano--as well as for the salon gatherings he held, particularly on the Calle de Fuencarral, Madrid. He concentrated mainly on salon songs, which were often performed along with zarzuela excerpts by other composers.

## Biography

Although he was born in Zaragoza, his family moved to Palamós (Gerona) when he was a boy. There, he began regular musical training. At one point, he took a trip to Cuba, where he was able to meet musicians like Nicolás Ruiz Espadero and Teresa Carreño.
After his trip to Cuba, Álvarez moved and settled down in Madrid, where he married aristocrat and skilled amateur singer Eulalia Goicoerrotea. From the moment he settled in the Spanish capital, he was dedicated to the promotion of young artists. He would offer large sums of money to this end. In a similar way he contributed to the monetization of the musical life of Madrid, holding philharmonic salon-like gatherings that became famous at the time.
Álvarez's salons were a catalytic platform for musicians like Felipe Pedrell, José Inzenga and Miguel Marqués. At these gatherings there were concerts, auditions, previews of premiering works and, occasionally, some theatric or operatic work would be represented. One such work was the opéra comique El médico a palos, or Le Médecin malgré lui, by Charles Gounod. The work was translated in 1872 in Álvarez's salon on the Calle de Fuencarral, in a version reorchestrated by Álvarez himself.
These salons did not only assist musicians, but also poets, journalists and painters like Manuel del Palacio and Eusebio Blasco, among others. It was in one of these salon gatherings that Pedrell took the opportunity to become friends with Álvarez. The result of this friendship was a hearing of unpublished Catalán musical works, which would premiere at the Teatro Real in 1876. At that same salon gathering, Pedrell was able to meet Hilarión Eslava, Francisco A. Barbieri, Emilio Arrieta and José Inzenga.
Each year the Álvarez family would take a trip to Paris, where they would interact with the musical elite of the city and create friendships with composers like Rossini, Auber, and Meyerbeer.
Álvarez died on July 15th, 1898 at his home in Gracia, Barcelona.

## Works, editions and recordings
### Opera and operetta

* Margarita, opera.
* El médico a palos, adaptation of Le médecin malgré lui (opera) by Charles Gounod.

### Orchestral

* Obertura capricho.

### Salon songs

* Los ojos negros, canción de salón.
* No volverán, canción de salón.
* La partida, canción de salón, recordings by Enrico Caruso and Luigi Alva (Decca 1963)
* A Granada, canción española
* and others
# Fermín Salvochea

Fermín Salvochea y Álvarez (1 March 1842, in Cádiz – 27 September 1907, in Cádiz) was a mayor of the city of Cádiz and a president of the province of Cádiz. He was one of the main propagators of anarchist thought in that area in the late 19th century and is considered to be "perhaps the most beloved figure in the Spanish Anarchist movement of the 19th century".
Ideologically, he was influenced by Bradlaugh, Owen and Paine, whose works he had studied during his stay in England, and Kropotkin, whom he read later. In Spain he had contact with anarchist thinkers and activists and members of the Bakuninist Alliance, including Anselmo Lorenzo, Pedro Vallina and Francisco Mora (anarchist) [es].

## Biography

He was born in the Plaza de las Viudas to a family originally from Navarre. His paternal grandfather had established himself in Cádiz after emigrating from Navarre, to engage in commerce. His mother, Pilar Alvarez, was the cousin of Juan Álvarez Mendizábal.
Following the traditions of the mercantile bourgeoisie of Cádiz to which the family belonged, when Salvochea was 15 his father sent him to England to become familiar with the ways of commerce. Fermín stayed in London and Liverpool for five years. But he was more devoted to studying the social problems of the time than the mercantile trade. He read the works of Owen, Paine and Berdlow.
Being the leader of the Canton of Cádiz at the end of Cantonal Revolution, he was captured by the troops of General Pavia in Seville, tried and sentenced to life imprisonment. He remained for several years in detention in Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and Ceuta. After refusing the pardon that he was granted by the council of Cádiz in 1883, he escaped to Morocco. Disenchanted by politics and parliamentarianism, it was during his years in prison and in exile (after his escape which took him to France), when he firmly became an anarchist of the anarchist communism school.
Upon the death of Alfonso XII he was granted amnesty again and he returned to Cádiz, where he founded the newspaper El Socialismo, which published, among other items, the anarchist communist ideas of Kropotkin, thus introducing anarcho-communist thinking among the Spaniards.
During his life, he often renounced his heritage and family possessions and delivered it to the most needy. He lived in destitution and away from material luxury.
Back in Cádiz, his last work was a translation of Kropotkin's Fields, Factories and Workshops. He died on 28 September 1907, after falling from the table that was serving as his bed. His funeral was a great demonstration of popular grief with about fifty thousand people, mostly workmen from the Cádiz and Jerez areas, in attendance.

## Legacy

Murray Bookchin describes Salvochea's life as spanning the early anarchist movement through the rise of anarcho-syndicalism.
The anarchist historian Manuel Buenacasa Tomeo called Salvochea "nuestro santo mayor" - "our greatest saint". His image as a "saintly" figure is in contrast to some of the other elements in the anarchist movement like Paulí Pallàs who employed more terroristic tactics.
# Ferris wheel (disambiguation)

A Ferris wheel is a type of amusement ride.
Ferris wheel may also refer to:
* Ferris Wheel (1893), the original Chicago Wheel, built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
* The Ferris Wheel (film), a 1993 Swedish drama

## Music

* The Ferris Wheel (band), a 1966–1970 British rock and soul group with an eponymous 1970 album
* The Ferris Wheel (album), by Mad at the World, 1993
* "Ferris Wheel", a song by Conrad Sewell from Precious, 2023
* "Ferris Wheel", a song by Donovan from Sunshine Superman, 1966
* "Ferris Wheel", a song by Imagine Dragons from Mercury – Acts 1 & 2, 2022
* "Ferris Wheel", a song by Tory Lanez from Love Me Now?, 2018
* "Ferris Wheel", a track by Toby Fox from Deltarune Chapter 2 OST, 2021
# Jan Chrapek

Jan Chrapek (18 July 1948 – 18 October 2001) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Radom.

## Biography

Chrapek was born in 1948 to Józef and Genowefa Chrapek (née Borecka). He began attending a minor seminary of the Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel at Miejsce Piastowe in 1962. He took his first vows in 1966 and his perpetual vows on 26 August 1969. After taking his perpetual vows, he began to study philosophy and theology at the Instytut Teologiczny Księży Misjonarzy [pl]. He was ordained a priest by Ignacy Tokarczuk at Miejsce Piastowe on 3 May 1975, and received a magister degree from the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin in pastoral theology in 1976 and a doctoral degree in 1979.
Between 1984 and 1986, Chrapek served as the editor for the monthly newspaper Powściągliwość i Praca [pl]. In 1986, Chrapek was elected Superior General of the Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel, which he served as until his nomination as bishop. On 25 March 1992, Pope John Paul II appointed Chrapek as auxiliary bishop of Drohiczyn and titular bishop of Cataquas; he was consecrated by Józef Kowalczyk, with co-consecration from Kazimierz Świątek and Edward Kisiel, on 5 June 1992 in Drohiczyn. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of Toruń on 20 June 1994 and bishop of Radom on 28 June 1999. He assumed the position of bishop of Radom on 21 August 1999. He passed away on 18 October 2001 following a car accident near Siekluki while returning to Radom from Warsaw.
# Timeline of military aviation

* 1794 – French Aerostatic Corps use a tethered balloon at the Battle of Fleurus as a vantage point.
* 1849 – In 1849, Austrian forces besieging Venice launched some 200 incendiary balloons, each carrying a 24- to 30-pound bomb that was to be dropped from the balloon with a time fuse over the besieged city. The balloons were launched from land and from the Austrian navy ship SMS Vulcano that acted as a balloon carrier.
* 1861 – The Union Army Balloon Corps is established during the American Civil War.
* 1878 – The British Army Balloon Equipment Store is established at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich by the Royal Engineers.
* 1885 – Balloons are deployed by the British Army to Bechuanaland and Suakin.
* 1888 – The British Army School of Ballooning is established.
* 1907 – The first military air organization, the Aeronautical Division of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, is formed 1 August
* 1907 – British Colonel John Capper flies the military airship Nulli Secundus from Farnborough to Crystal Palace in London.
* 1909 – Heavier-than-air military aviation is born with the US Army's purchase of Signal Corps Aeroplane No. 1.
* 1910 – The first experimental take-off of a heavier-than-air craft from the deck of a US Navy vessel, the cruiser USS Birmingham
* 1910 – First bombing attack against a surface ship: Didier Masson and Captain Joaquín Bauche Alcalde, flying for Mexican Revolutionist Venustiano Carranza, dropped dynamite bombs on Federalist gunboats at Guaymas, Mexico, on 10 May 1913.
* 1910 – The Aviation Militaire of the French Army is formed 22 October.
* 1911 – The Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers is formed, the first British heavier-than-air unit.
* 1911 – Heavier-than-air aircraft are used in war for the first time during the Italo-Turkish War.
* 1912 - The Royal Flying Corps is formed. A few months later the Dominion of Australia also formed the Australian Flying Corps.
* 1914 - The Royal Naval Air Service is formed by splitting airship squadrons away from the Royal Flying Corps.
* 1914 – In August, Russian Staff-Captain Pyotr Nesterov becomes the first pilot to ram his plane into an enemy spotter aircraft.
* 1914 – 6 September, the first aircraft raid was launched by the Japanese seaplane carrier Wakamiya on Qingdao.
* 1914 – In October, a plane is shot down by another aircraft with a handgun over Rheims, France.
* 1914 – The first conventional air-to-air kill occurs on 5 October when a gunner on a French Voisin machine-guns a German Aviatik reconnaissance aircraft in World War I.
* 1918 - The Royal Air Force, the world's first independent air force is formed.
* 1918 - HMS Argus (I49) became "the world's first carrier capable of launching and landing naval aircraft".
* 1940 - The Battle of Britain, the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces, was fought.
* 1958 - The first ever air-to-air kill with a missile, when a Chinese Nationalist North American F-86 Sabre kills a Chinese PLAAF Mikoyan-Guryevich MiG-15 during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
* 1980 - The only confirmed air-to-air helicopter battles occur during the Iran–Iraq War.
# Jan Vincents Johannessen

Jan Vincents Johannessen (born 25 May 1941) is a Norwegian physician, cancer researcher, hospital director, painter, text writer and composer.
He was born in Kristiansand. He is known for his research on cancer, and has published books on diagnostics by the use of electron microscopy. He has served as manager of the Norwegian Radium Hospital. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1994. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.
# Robbie Timmons

Robbie Timmons is a retired American TV news anchor/reporter for Detroit television stations WJBK-TV and WXYZ-TV. She was the first female news anchor in American history to anchor the 6:00pm and 11:00pm broadcasts in March 1973 while anchoring the news at WILX-TV in Lansing, Michigan. After four years at WILX-TV in Lansing, she was offered a job working as a reporter and 11pm news anchor for WJBK-TV (CBS) in Detroit, where she worked for six years. In 1982 Timmons accepted a news anchor position for WXYZ-TV, the ABC affiliate in Detroit where she received numerous honors including Emmy Awards and the distinction of being named one of the most powerful women in Michigan. Robbie Timmons retired in October 2010 and is currently an officer of a non-profit Thoroughbred retraining organization, CANTER.

## Personal life and career

Timmons was born in Columbus, Ohio, attended Ohio State University, studying Business Administration. She had a passion for television journalism and reporting. She wrote and produced TV commercials. In 1972 she interviewed for a TV News reporter/anchor position at WILX-TV in Lansing. Two weeks later she was on television as a reporter.
While working at WILX-TV as a news anchor/reporter she worked with sportscaster Jim Brandstatter, whom she later married. In 1976 WILX sent Timmons to Washington D.C. to cover President Gerald Ford's address to television news directors at the White House. Timmons was experienced in setting up and operating video cameras and after videotaping the president's address, she hoped to get an interview with him. She took advantage of an opportunity to grab Ford's attention by saying "Go Blue", as he approached. She knew that President Ford had played football at the University of Michigan, and was an avid alumnus. The president smiled, and gave Timmons an exclusive interview. The TV news director for CBS affiliate in Detroit saw Robbie get the exclusive interview and was so impressed he scheduled an interview with Timmons. Three weeks later she was the anchor for WJBK-TV for the 11:00pm news.
As Timmons career as a news anchor in Detroit took off, Jim Brandstatter began working in the Sports Department of WDIV-TV in Detroit. They were married in 1980.
Timmons has six Emmy awards for reporting and anchoring, two Silver Circle awards, and in 2013 was enshrined in the Michigan Association of Broadcaster's Hall of Fame.
In 1998 Timmons began volunteering for CANTER, a non-profit all volunteer organization that retrains non-competitive thoroughbred race horses for new careers as sport horses or trail horses. She began volunteering full-time as Treasurer and currently Executive Director of CANTER after her retirement from television in 2010. Timmons wrote a popular book based on one of the thoroughbreds helped by CANTER, titled "Twoey and the Goat", in 2008.
# Fighting Valley

Fighting Valley is a 1943 American Western film written and directed by Oliver Drake. The film stars Dave O'Brien, James Newill, Guy Wilkerson, Patti McCarty, John Merton and Robert Bice. The film was released on August 8, 1943, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Plot

The Rangers investigate the theft of ore from a smelting mine.

## Cast

* Dave O'Brien as Tex Wyatt
* James Newill as Jim Steele
* Guy Wilkerson as Panhandle Perkins
* Patti McCarty as Joan Manning
* John Merton as Dan Wakely
* Robert Bice as Paul Jackson
* Stanley Price as Tucson Jones
* Mary MacLaren as Ma Donovan
* John Elliott as Frank Burke
* Charles King as Slim
# Fiavé

Fiavé is a comune (municipality) and a village in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Trento. On 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,053 and an area of 24.3 square kilometres (9.4 sq mi).
The municipality of Fiavè contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) of Ballino, Favrio and Stumiaga.
Fiavè borders the municipalities of Comano Terme, Bleggio Superiore, Ledro and Tenno.

## World Heritage Site

It is the location of one or more prehistoric pile-dwellings (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site.
# Jan Wallentin

Jan Thomas Valentin Wallentin (born 8 April 1970 in Linköping, Sweden) is a Swedish journalist and writer.
Jan Wallentin has worked as a news journalist for Sveriges Television. He made his debut as a novelist in October 2010 with the book Strindberg's Star, noted for having been sold to 16 countries before it had even been published in Swedish. In the fall of 2019, he came out with the weightless Jesper Fock, a novel about the depression epidemic, the climate disaster and the meaning of life.
# Robert Kaštrun

Robert Kaštrun (born 25 March 1964) is a Slovenian skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# Jard-sur-Mer

Jard-sur-Mer (French pronunciation:, literally Jard on Sea) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.
# Fiji at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

Fiji is set to compete at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Diving

Fiji entered 1 diver.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Maori Pomeroy-Farrell | 1 m springboard | 224.00 | 60 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| Maori Pomeroy-Farrell | 3 m springboard | 276.45 | 57 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Swimming

Fiji entered 3 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Hansel McCaig | 100 metre freestyle | 52.10 | 73 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Hansel McCaig | 50 metre backstroke | 26.97 | 49 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| David Young | 50 metre freestyle | 22.87 NR | 50 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| David Young | 50 metre butterfly | Disqualified | Disqualified | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kelera Mudunasoko | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:15.77 | 53 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Kelera Mudunasoko | 200 metre breaststroke | 2:46.09 | 35 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Timbarra River (Victoria)

The Timbarra River is a perennial river of the Mitchell River catchment, located in the East Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria.

## Course and features

The Timbarra River rises on the Nunniong Plains, below Blue Shirt Hill, that is part of the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range; approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Omeo. The river flows through the Nunniong Plain and the Mount Elizabeth scenic reserves; generally south, then east, then south, then south by east, then southwest, joined by the Back River and three minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Tambo River about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Tambo Crossing in the Shire of East Gippsland. The river descends 1,170 metres (3,840 ft) over its 90-kilometre (56 mi) course; much of which is through forested mountain areas and steep gorges, with a bed of gravel, boulders and mud and numerous pools. Along its route it passes through the small settlement of Timbarra, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Buchan.
Together with the Nicholson, Tambo, and Mitchell rivers, and their respective drainage basins, including the Timbarra River, the rivers empty into the Gippsland Lakes and flow into Bass Strait.
The isolated Timbarra River Gorge, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Timbarra, has been classified as a site of local significance by the Geological Society of Australia.

## Ecology and recreation

The Timbarra River is in good environmental condition, and maintains a reliable year-round flow.
Although access to the river is difficult, it remains popular for fishing, especially for the introduced brown trout which spawn naturally in the river without the need for artificial stocking. Native fish found in the river include the vulnerable Australian grayling, the river blackfish, tupong, and eels.
The Swifts Creek School has named one of its sports houses Timbara, after the river.
# Timbau

The timbau or Brazilian timbal is a membranophone instrument derived from the caxambu drum, usually played with both hands. Slightly conical and of varying sizes, it is usually light in weight and made of lacquered wood or metal (usually aluminum) with a tunable nylon head. It is in the shape of an ice cream cone with the top and the point cut off.
The drum is most often found in Bahia, originating in Salvador, Bahia, and is used mainly to play Afro-Brazilian rhythms, such as axé and samba-reggae. It is played in a similar manner to the atabaque, a hand drum of which one version was brought to Brazil in slavery and is used in Candomblé rituals. In the 1980s, a musical/social movement was organized to bring the timbal to popular music.
The timbal is designed to play loud, rapid phrases and solos with powerful slaps. The sound of the timbal varies from a clear, well-defined, high tone to a strong, deep bass. The timbal is available in different lengths; a greater length produces a deeper bass.
# Timotheus Kirchner

Timotheus Kirchner (6 January 1533 in Döllstädt – 14 September 1587 in Weimar) was a Lutheran theologian, pastor, Protestant reformer, professor of theology and superintendent in Weimar.

## Life

Kirchner was the son of a teacher. He attended school in Gotha, studied in Jena and Erfurt, and was the village priest at a young age.
# Robert Leslie Stewart

Robert Leslie Stewart (April 1918 – 30 April 1988), from Edinburgh, Scotland, was one of the last executioners in the United Kingdom, officiating between 1950 and 1964.
Brought up in Dundee Street in Edinburgh, 3 miles from Saughton Prison, Stewart completed the Prison Commissioners' Assistant Executioner training course in September 1950 at Pentonville Prison in London. His name first appeared on the Home Office list in 1950, with his first engagement occurring at Norwich on 19 July 1951, assisting Stephen Wade at the execution of Alfred Reynolds.
Stewart was active on the Home Office list between 1950 and the suspension of capital punishment for murder in 1965, carrying out 21 executions as assistant. On the 1957 printing of the list, Stewart and Harry Allen were both promoted to the role of executioner in the wake of the resignation of Albert Pierrepoint and the death of Wade, both in 1956. In this capacity, Stewart carried out six executions. He also assisted Harry Allen at the execution of Anthony Miller, the last teenager to be executed in the United Kingdom.
Stewart performed one of the last executions in the United Kingdom at 8 am on 13 August 1964, when he hanged Peter Anthony Allen at Walton Prison. Allen had been convicted of the murder of John Alan West; Allen's accomplice, Gwynne Owen Evans, was hanged at Strangeways Prison in Manchester, at the same time by Harry Allen. Stewart also carried out the last execution in Wales, that of Vivian Teed at Swansea Prison in May 1958, for the murder of a postmaster during a robbery in Swansea.
Stewart died in South Africa in 1988 at the age of 70. He had emigrated there after the abolition of capital punishment to work as an airline engineer.

## Executions performed by Stewart as chief executioner

* 6 May 1958 – Vivian Teed (HMP Swansea)
* 17 December 1958 – Brian Chandler (HMP Durham)
* 14 May 1959 – Michael George Tatum (HMP Winchester)
* 10 November 1960 – Norman Harris (HMP Pentonville, London)
* 17 December 1963 - Dennis Whitty (HMP Winchester)
* 13 August 1964 – Peter Anthony Allen (HMP Liverpool)