OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Justice Dudley

Justice Dudley may refer to:
* John Dudley (judge) (1725–1805), associate justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court
* Robert H. Dudley (born 1933), associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court
# Athrips spiraeae

Athrips spiraeae is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Ukraine, Russia (southern Ural, Lower Volga and Altai) and Kazakhstan.
The larvae probably feed on Spiraea species.
# Senator Hillyer

Senator Hillyer may refer to:
* Charles T. Hillyer (1800–1891), Connecticut State Senate
* George Hillyer (1835–1927), Georgia State Senate
# Carl-Edgar Jarchow

Carl-Edgar Jarchow (born 29 March 1955 in Hamburg) is a German politician (FDP) and chairman of the football club Hamburger SV.
In the 1990s, Jarchow was a member of the Statt Partei and vice-chairman of the party in the state of Hamburg. In 2007, he became a member of the liberal FDP. In the 2011 Hamburg state election, he was elected to the Hamburg Parliament. Since April 2011, he has been a member of the Hamburg state executive board of the party. Since March 2011, Jarchow has been the chairman of the football club Hamburger SV.
# Barbara Moriarty

Barbara Ierne Moriarty (13 April 1902 – 11 January 1979) was an Australian Red Cross worker who worked to ease the lives of World War II prisoners of war on their release. Also known as Biddy Moriarty, she was awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal in 1947.
# Caelopygus

Caelopygus is a genus of harvestmen found solely in Brazil. It is placed in the sub-family Caelopyginae, and includes two species formerly placed in the genera Liarthrodes Mello-Leitão, 1922 and Heterarthrodes Mello-Leitão, 1935:
* Caelopygus elegans (Perty, 1833)
* Caelopygus melanocephalus C. L. Koch in Hahn & C. L. Koch, 1839
# Sir Samuel Crompton, 1st Baronet

Sir Samuel Crompton, 1st Baronet (8 July 1785 – 27 December 1848) was a politician in the United Kingdom. He served as a Member for Parliament for East Retford, Derby and Thirsk. He also served as Deputy Lieutenant for the North Riding of Yorkshire.

## Early life

Crompton was the son and heir in 1810 of Samuel Crompton, a Derby banker, and Sarah (née Fox) Crompton. His father had been the mayor of Derby in 1782 and 1788. His mother was the daughter of Samuel Fox of Derby. The Crompton family was said to be descended from a Reverend John Crompton who settled in Derbyshire at the time of Charles I. Genealogies of the period refer to the family as the Cromptons of Milford House.
He was educated at the Charterhouse School in 1798 before attending Trinity College, Cambridge in 1804.

## Career

Crompton sat as a Member of Parliament for East Retford in 1818 and served as that member of parliament until 1826, when he was elected for Derby. He held that seat until 1830. In 1834 he was elected for Thirsk. He supported the premiership of Lord Melbourne but he was not a radical liberal. Such Liberal measures as shortening parliaments or adopting voting by ballot did not enjoy his support. Crompton was created a baronet, of Wood End, Yorkshire, on 21 July 1838. He retired as member for Thirsk in 1841 when he returned to his residence there called Wood End.
Crompton served as Deputy Lieutenant for the North Riding of Yorkshire from 1808.

## Personal life

On 3 November 1829, Crompton married Isabella Sophia Hamilton, sixth daughter of the former Frances Henrietta Fremantle and the Hon. Rev. Archibald Hamilton Cathcart (a son of the 9th Lord Cathcart) and niece to the 1st Earl Cathcart. He was survived by his wife and his four daughters, of whom Isabel Sarah Crompton (b. 1833), Fanny Selina Crompton (b. 1835), and Alice Crompton (b. 1837) died young. His only surviving daughter was:
* Elizabeth Mary Crompton (1831–1902), who married Alan Cathcart, 3rd Earl Cathcart, eldest surviving son of Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart, in 1850.
Sir Samuel died on 27 December 1848, aged 63, at the family home. As he died without sons, the baronetcy became extinct.
# Champlain Flyer

The Champlain Flyer was a commuter train service in Vermont that ran from 2000 to 2003 between Burlington, South Burlington, Shelburne, and Charlotte, in the eastern Champlain Valley. The Vermont Railway operated the 13-mile (21 km) route along the former main line of the Rutland Railroad.

## History

The Champlain Flyer was conceived as an alternate transportation option during the reconstruction of U.S. Route 7. It benefited from public funds earmarked for public transportation.
The train began operation on December 4, 2000, with two daily round-trips, with plans to operate as many as ten. Startup costs were $18 million ($31.8 million in 2023 adjusted for inflation), most of which were provided by the federal government for improving the tracks and grade crossings along the route. At the time of its inception, it was the shortest commuter rail system in the United States.
Initial ridership figures were lower than expected as the highway reconstruction project was delayed. In 2002, it was threatened to be cut from the state budget. The newly elected Gov. Jim Douglas (who succeeded Gov. Howard Dean of Shelburne) decided that the train was not viable, and the last train ran on February 28, 2003, despite all contracts being pre-paid through the end of the year.

### Later service

The Vermont Railway has periodically operated an excursion train service from Burlington to Charlotte and back known as the Champlain Valley Flyer.
Regular passenger service returned to Burlington Union Station in July 2022, when Amtrak extended the Ethan Allen Express north from Rutland. The train uses the former route of the Champlain Flyer, but does not serve any of its former stations except Burlington. The Vermont Agency of Transportation has raised the possibility of adding an infill stop in Shelburne, where the Champlain Flyer platform still exists.$^{:41}$

## Operations

The service's rolling stock consisted of a rebuilt Vermont Railway GP38-2 and ten ex-Virginia Railway Express de-motored RDC cars. Two of these cars were outfitted with cab control. Fares were $1 for a one-way trip, collected on the honor system by being deposited in a box upon entering the train.
# List of cathedrals in Solomon Islands

This is the list of cathedrals in Solomon Islands sorted by denomination.

## Roman Catholic

Cathedrals of the Catholic Church in Solomon Islands:
* St. Augustine Cathedral in Auki
* St. Peter’s Cathedral in Gizo
* Holy Cross Cathedral in Honiara (consecrated 17 September 1978)

## Anglican

Cathedrals of the Anglican Church of Melanesia in Solomon Islands:
* Cathedral Church of St Barnabas in Honiara
# Friedrich Kraner

Friedrich Kraner (15 October 1812, in Eibenstock – 17 January 1863, in Leipzig) was a German schoolteacher and classical philologist.
He studied philology at the University of Leipzig as a pupil of Gottfried Hermann. Afterwards, he worked as a teacher in Annaberg (from 1835), then served as an Oberlehrer (senior instructor) in Meissen (from 1838). In 1857 he was named director of the gymnasium in Zwickau, and in 1862 was appointed rector of the Thomasschule in Leipzig.

## Published works

He is best remembered for his scholarly treatment of Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico and Commentarii de Bello Civili. The following are a few of Kraner's noteworthy written efforts:
* Plutarchi Vita Phocionis, 1840 – edition of Plutarch's life of Phocion.
* Hellenica : die Geschichte Griechenlands bis zum peloponnesischen Kriege nach ihren Hauptmomenten in Auszügen aus griechischen Schriftstellern für mittlere Gymnasialclassen, 1842 – Hellenica, the history of Greece up to the Peloponnesian War, etc.
* C. Julii Caesaris Commentarii de bello Gallico, (with a chart of Gaul by Heinrich Kiepert); Leipzig, Wiedmannsche Buchhandlung, 1853
* C. Julii Caesaris Commentarii de bello Civili, Berlin; Weidmann, 1856.
# Jovilabe

The jovilabe is a brass scientific instrument, undated and of unknown maker, currently in the collection of the Museo Galileo in Florence, Italy.
The jovilabe was used by Galileo Galilei to determine the orbital periods of Jupiter's moons and to compute the times of their eclipses. The instrument is engraved with tables showing the mean motions of each of the four moons. Two connected disks of different diameters are rotated by means of a movable rod. They are used to create a "view from the Sun" of the movements of Jupiter's moons observed from the Earth (movements that seem irregular because of the heliocentric motions of the Earth and Jupiter).
After announcing the discovery of Jupiter's moons in his 1610 treatise Sidereus Nuncius, Galileo began the systematic study of their periods in 1611, developing a micrometer for the purpose. Galileo immediately realized that eclipses of the moons could provide a precise method to determine longitude. Galileo compiled tables of the periods that he offered, with his telescopes, first to the King of Spain (1611, 1612, 1616, and 1627-1628), then to the States General of Holland (1637-1641). To convince his Spanish interlocutors that Jupiter and its moons could be observed on unstable ground, such as a ship's deck, Galileo designed a special helmet carrying a small telescope on a hinged mount. The device was named the celatone (celata = "helmet" in Italian). In this second proposal, he also described the advantages of applying the pendulum to the clock. Despite the interest they aroused, neither of his proposals were accepted.
# Senator Hightower

Senator Hightower may refer to:
* Bill Hightower (born 1959), Alabama State Senate
* Jack Hightower (1926–2013), Texas State Senate
# Carl-Enock Svensson

Carl-Enock Svensson (3 January 1895 – 27 October 1986) was a Swedish athlete. He competed in the men's pentathlon at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
# List of ministers of social affairs of the Faroe Islands

The minister of social affairs (Faroese language: landsstýrismaðurin í almannamálum, also called Almannamálaráðharrin[Please clarify whether this is the feminine form too.]) has been a governmental ministerial post since 1968 in the government of the Faroe Islands.
| Period | Name | Party |
| 1968–1975 | Jacob Lindenskov | Social Democratic Party |
| 1975–1979 | Finnbogi Ísakson | Republic |
| 1979 | Jacob Lindenskov | Social Democratic Party |
| 1979–1981 | Vilhelm Johannesen | Social Democratic Party |
| 1981–1985 | Eilif Samuelsen | Union Party |
| 1985–1988 | Niels Pauli Danielsen | Christian People's Party |
| 1988–1989 | Karolina Petersen | Progress Party |
| 1989 | Tordur Niclasen | Christian People's Party |
| 1991–1994 | Jóannes Eidesgaard | Social Democratic Party |
| 1994–1996 | Andrias Petersen | Social Democratic Party |
| 1996 | Axel H. Nolsøe | Workers' Union |
| 1996–1998 | Kristian Magnussen | Workers' Union |
| 1998 | Óli Jacobsen | Workers' Union |
| 1998–2001 | Helena Dam á Neystabø | Self-Government Party |
| 2001–2002 | Sámal Petur í Grund | Self-Government Party |
| 2002–2003 | Páll á Reynatúgvu | Republic |
| 2004–2008 | Hans Pauli Strøm | Social Democratic Party |
| 2008–2011 | Rósa Samuelsen | Union Party |
| 2011–2015 | Annika Olsen | People's Party |
| 2015–2019 | Eyðgunn Samuelsen | Social Democratic Party |
| 2019– | Elsebeth Mercedis Gunnleygsdóttur | People's Party |
# Calhoun County Courthouse

Calhoun County Courthouse may refer to:
* Calhoun County Courthouse (Alabama), Anniston, Alabama
* Calhoun County Courthouse (Arkansas), Hampton, Arkansas
* Old Calhoun County Courthouse, Blountstown, Florida
* Calhoun County Courthouse (Georgia), Morgan, Georgia
* Calhoun County Courthouse (Illinois), Hardin, Illinois
* Calhoun County Courthouse (Iowa), Rockwell City, Iowa
* Calhoun County Courthouse (South Carolina), St. Matthews, South Carolina
# Simultaneous action selection

Simultaneous action selection, or SAS, is a game mechanic that occurs when players of a game take action (such as moving their pieces) at the same time. Examples of games that use this type of movement include rock–paper–scissors and Diplomacy. Typically, a "secret yet binding" method of committing to one's move is necessary, so that as players' moves are revealed and implemented, others do not change their moves in light of the new information. Thus, in Diplomacy, players write down their moves and then reveal them simultaneously. Because no player gets the first move, this potentially arbitrary source of advantage is not present. It is also possible for simultaneous movement games to proceed relatively quickly, because players are acting at the same time, rather than waiting for their turn. Simultaneous action selection is easily implemented in card games such as Apples to Apples in which players simply select cards and throw them face-down into the center.

## Limitations

Some games do not lend themselves to simultaneous movement, because one player's move may be prevented by the other player's. For instance, in chess, a move of a bishop takes queen would be incompatible with a simultaneous opposing move of queen takes bishop. By contrast, the simultaneous movement is possible in Junta because each coup phase has a movement stage and a separate combat stage; no units are removed until all have had a chance to move. It has been noted that "a certain amount of reverse psychology and reverse-reverse psychology ensues" as players attempt to calculate the implications of others' potential actions. Junta also has simultaneous action selection in that players secretly choose their locations at the same time. This is important in that, for instance, a player plotting an assassination may choose the bank for his or her own location (hoping to quickly deposit the ill-gotten gains) before finding out whether the location of his or her assassination was on the mark.

## Real world applications

Simultaneous action selection is used in many real-world applications such as first-price sealed-bid auctions. The fact that no bidder knows what others are planning to bid may provide an incentive to bid high if there is a strong desire to win the auction, which can result in much higher winning bids than if better information were available. The prisoner's dilemma is another classic example of simultaneous action selection. SAS can also be used to introduce an element of chance, as when rock–paper–scissors is used to decide a matter.
# Klaus Waris

Klaus Henrik Waris (17 March 1914 – 18 December 1994) was a Finnish economist, professor and the governor of the Bank of Finland from 1957 to 1967.
Waris was born in Helsinki. He graduated in 1935 from University of Turku. Waris worked as the head of the Department of National Economy at the Ministry of Finance from 1946 to 1949. From 1949 to 1952, Waris was professor of economics at the Helsinki University of Technology, and was a member of the executive board of the bank Suomen Yhdyspankki from 1950 to 1951.
From 1952 to 1957, Waris was a member of the executive board of the Bank of Finland, and from 1957 to 1967 the governor of the bank. When Waris began his term as governor, his first task was to defend the value of the devalued Finnish mark in the situation after the 1956 general strike. In 1961, however, Finnish markka had to be devalued again. Waris resigned from the central bank in 1967. Devaluations facilitated exports and foreign loans were used to develop the Finnish forest industry and improve Finland's road network. Unemployment was low during the Waris period, living standards improved and Finland urbanized.
After a career in banking, Waris served as the chancellor of the Helsinki School of Economics from 1967 to 1980 and as the first executive of Sitra from 1968 to 1972.
# Boynton (surname)

Boynton is a surname derived from the village and civil parish of Boynton, East Riding of Yorkshire. Notable people with the surname include:
* Benny Boynton (1898–1963), early National Football League player and member of the College Football Hall of Fame
* Boynton baronets
* Charles Lawrence Boynton (1864–1943), American botanist
* Sir Engleram Boynton (c. 1190–1250), served in the First Barons' War (Magna Charta). His descendants include Sir Matthew Boynton, 1st Baronet (see Boynton baronets above).
* Florence Treadwell Boynton (1876-1962), American dance educator and lecturer
* Frank Ellis Boynton (1859–1942), self-taught American botanist, possibly the brother of Charles Boynton
* Graham Boynton, British-Zimbabwean journalist, father of Lucy Boynton (see below)
* Henry V. Boynton (1835–1905), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient, eventually promoted to brigadier general
* Jack Boynton (1928–2010), American Contemporary Surrealist artist
* James S. Boynton (1833–1902), American politician and jurist
* John F. Boynton (1811–1890), an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an American geologist and inventor
* Joseph Boynton (1644–1730), a captain of the colonial American army in Queen Anne's War. He was the son of John Boynton who arrived in America on the John of London (ship) and was an original settler of Rowley, MA.
* Lucy Boynton (born 1994), British actress
* Nick Boynton (born 1979), Canadian National Hockey League player
* Peter Boynton (born 1957), Commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Emergency Management and Homeland Security
* Ruth Boynton (1896–1977) was a physician, researcher, and administrator
* Sandra Boynton (born 1953), children's author and illustrator
* Thomas Jefferson Boynton (1838–1871), American lawyer, journalist and judge
* Solomon Boynton (1754–1830), great grandson of Captain Joseph Boynton, served in the American army in the Battle of Chelsea Creek and the Battle of White Plains during the American Revolutionary War.
* Silas W. Boynton (1848–1907), great grandson of Solomon Boynton, served in Company K of the 1st Cavalry Regiment of the Union Army in the US Civil War.
* Susan Brownlow Boynton (1837–1913), American folk heroine
* William Boynton (astronomer), head of The University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
* William Boynton (1641– 1689), English Member of Parliament.
# Atle Simonsen

Atle Simonsen (born 4 November 1988) is a Norwegian politician.

## Career

Simonsen was elected deputy representative to the Storting from the constituency of Rogaland, for the period 2017–2021 for the Progress Party. He replaced Solveig Horne at the Storting from October 2017, where he was a member of the Standing Committee on Labour and Social Affairs.
He was political advisor in the Ministry of Health from 2016 to 2017. He was appointed as State Secretary in the Ministry of Education and Research in 2018, and in the Ministry of Finance from 2018 to 2020.
# Senator Maxwell

Senator Maxwell may refer to:
* Augustus Maxwell (1820–1903), Confederate States Senator from Florida
* Chip Maxwell (born 1962), Nebraska State Senate
* Edwin Maxwell (attorney general) (1825–1903), West Virginia State Senate
* Joe Maxwell (born 1957), Missouri State Senate
* Sylvester Maxwell (1775–1858), Massachusetts State Senate
* W. Henry Maxwell (1935–2010), Virginia State Senate
* Walter Maxwell (1836–1896), Wisconsin State Senate
# Canusio Lake

Canusio Lake is a freshwater body in the northeastern part of Senneterre in the La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Canusio Lake is located in the township of Noiseux, Logan and Cherrier. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.
The hydrographic slope of Canusio Lake is accessible via a forest road (North-South direction) on the east side of the Saint-Cyr River Valley; in addition, another forest road (East-West direction) serves the South of the Mégiscane River.
The surface of Canusio Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

## Geography

Canusio Lake is fed by the Saint-Cyr River South (coming from the Northeast) and the Mégiscane River (coming from the South).
The mouth of Lake Canusio is located on the north shore of the lake, at:
* 29.0 kilometres (18.0 mi) northwest of the dam at the mouth of the lac du Poète which allows the diversion of water from the upper part of the Mégiscane River to Gouin Reservoir;
* 31.7 kilometres (19.7 mi) west of a bay on the west shore of Gouin Reservoir;
* 98.8 kilometres (61.4 mi) north-east of the mouth of the Mégiscane River (confluence with Parent Lake (Abitibi);
* 374 kilometres (232 mi) south-east of the mouth of the Nottaway River (confluence with Rupert Bay);
* 65.2 kilometres (40.5 mi) south-west of the village center of Obedjiwan;
* 101.2 kilometres (62.9 mi) south-east of the village center of Lebel-sur-Quévillon.
The main hydrographic slopes near Canusio Lake are:
* north side: Saint-Cyr Lake (Saint-Cyr River South), Saint-Cyr River South, Cherrier Lake, Mesplet Lake;
* east side: Dumont Lake, Pascagama Lake, Deschamps Lake, Pascagama River;
* south side: Ouiscatis Lake, Pascagama Lake, Mégiscane River, Suzie River;
* west side: Mégiscane lake, Mégiscane river.

## Toponymy

Formerly, this body of water was designated "Lake Matciskan".
The toponym "Lac Canusio" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec, when it was created.
# Gangshan District

Gangshan District (Chinese: 岡山區; Hanyu Pinyin: Gāngshān Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Gangshan Cyu; Wade–Giles: Kang$^1$-shan$^1$ Ch'ü$^1$; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kong-san-khu, Hakka: Kông-sân-khî), is a suburban district in Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan. It has 95,532 inhabitants in October 2023. The township is part of the suburbs of Kaohsiung City which encompass 10 cities (or townships) out of 18 in the official Kaohsiung Metro Area.

## History and Names

In 1920, during the Japanese era, the town of A-kong-tien (阿公店; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: A-kong-tiàm) was renamed Okayama (岡山) and made the site of an airbase. Administratively Okayama Town covered modern day Gangshan District and Ciaotou District and was under Okayama District, Takao Prefecture. The town suffered heavy bombardment in World War II.
Following the Surrender of Japan and handover to the Kuomintang, the government continued to use the same name (岡山), but transliterated using Mandarin (Gangshan). The town continued to host Gangshan Air Base (Kangshan Air Base), and has a strong military veteran's presence as well.

## Administrative divisions

The district consists of Pingan, Gangshan, Shoutian, Weiren, Houhong, Daliao, Zhongxiao, Heping, Qianfeng, Liucuo, Xiehe, Houxie, Xinyi, Tande, Sanhe, Renshou, Bihong, Chengxiang, Zhuwei, Taishang, Wanli, Baimi, Shitan, Fuxing, Benzhou, Jiaxing, Jiafeng, Huagang, Dazhuang, Xierong, Weisui, Shoufeng and Renyi Village.

## Politics

The district is part of Kaohsiung City Constituency II electoral district for Legislative Yuan.

## Education

* Air Force Institute of Technology
* Republic of China Air Force Academy

## Infrastructures

* Agongdian Reservoir
* Gangshan Refuse Incineration Plant

## Tourist attractions

Gangshan District is known for restaurants serving goat meat, traditionally goats were raised in northern Kaohsiung because of the poor quality of the land. Due to this the area developed into a center of the regional trade, slaughter, and consumption of goats.
* Agongdian Reservoir
* Gangshan Shoutian Temple
* Gangshan Water Tower
* Kaohsiung Museum of Shadow Puppet
* Republic of China Air Force Museum
* Siaogangshan Skywalk Park
* Soya-Mixed Meat Museum

## Transportation

It is linked to Kaohsiung city center by the Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital metro station of Kaohsiung Metro Red line or TRA Gangshan station.

## Notable natives

* Lee Si-chen, engineer and researcher
* W. P. Andrew Lee, surgeon
# Simulmatics Corporation

The Simulmatics Corporation was a U.S. data science firm founded in 1959 that used algorithms to target voters and consumers. One of its leading figures was Ithiel de Sola Pool.
Professor of American History at Harvard University Jill Lepore wrote a book about the Simulmatics Corporation, titled If Then, in 2020, and recorded an audio version broadcast by BBC Radio 4 in 2021.
The political novel The 480 contains a fictional treatment of the Simulmatics Corporation's activities.