OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of senators of Haute-Loire

Following is a list of senators of Haute-Loire, people who have represented the department of Haute-Loire in the Senate of France.

## Third Republic

Senators for Haute-Loire under the French Third Republic were:
* Balthazar Jacotin (1876–1878)
* Edmond du Motier de La Fayette (1876–1890)
* Ernest Vissaguet (1879–1920)
* Clément Allemand (1891–1900)
* Charles Dupuy (1900–1923)
* Louis Devins (1913–1917)
* Auguste Foulhy (1920–1924)
* Francisque Enjolras (1920–1933)
* Régis Martin-Binachon (1924–1938)
* Édouard Néron (1924–1940)
* Julien Fayolle (1933–1935)
* Laurent Eynac (1935–1940)
* Joseph Antier (1938–1940)

## Fourth Republic

Senators for Haute-Loire under the French Fourth Republic were:
* Paul Chambriard (1946–1959)
* Jean de Lachomette (1948–1959)

## Fifth Republic

Senators for Haute-Loire under the French Fifth Republic:
| In office | Name | Party or group | Notes |
| 1959–1974 | Robert Bouvard | Républicains et Indépendants | |
| 1959–1974 | Jean de Lachomette | Centre Républicain d'Action Rurale et Sociale | |
| 1974–1983 | René Chazelle | Socialiste | |
| 1974–1978 | Jean Proriol | Union des Républicains et des Indépendants | Until 12 March 1978 (elected deputy) |
| 1978–2011 | Adrien Gouteyron | Union pour un Mouvement Populaire | Elected 11 June 1978 (by-election) |
| 1983–1996 | Jean-Paul Chambriard | Républicains et Indépendants | Died in office 24 January 1996 |
| 1996–1998 | Régis Ploton | Républicains et Indépendants | From 25 January 1996 in place of Jean-Paul Chambriard Died in office 2 February 1998 |
| 1998–2001 | Guy Vissac | Rassemblement pour la République | Elected 27 September 1998 (by-election) |
| 2001–2014 | Jean Boyer | Union des Démocrates et Indépendants | Resigned 3 November 2014 |
| 2011–2017 | Gérard Roche | Union Centriste | |
| From 2015 | Olivier Cigolotti | Union Centriste | Elected 25 January 2015 (by-election) |
| From 2017 | Laurent Duplomb | Les Républicains | |
# Gedrosia (satrapy)

Gedrosia is a dry, mountainous country along the northwestern shores of the Indian Ocean. It was occupied in the Bronze Age by people who settled in the few oases in the region. Other people settled on the coast and became known in Greek as Ichthyophagi ('fish-eaters').
The country was conquered by the Persian king Cyrus the Great (559-530 BCE), although information about his campaign is comparatively late. The capital of Gedrosia was Pura, which is probably identical to modern Bampûr, forty kilometers west of Irânshahr.
Gedrosia became famous in Europe when the Macedonian king Alexander the Great tried to cross the Gedrosian desert and lost one third of his men.
Several scholars have argued that the Persian satrapy Maka is identical to Gedrosia (which is a Greek name). One argument is the similarity of the name Maka to the modern name Makran, a part of Pakistan and Iran that is situated a bit more to the east. However, it is more likely that Maka is to be sought in modern Oman, which was called Maketa in Antiquity.
# Kenya at the 1987 All-Africa Games

Kenya participated in the 1987 All-Africa Games held in Nairobi at the Moi International Sports Centre in Kasarani. It participated with athletes in 14 sports and won 63 medals in total.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| Athletics | 13 | 18 | 12 | 43 |
| Basketball | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Boxing | | | | |
| Field hockey | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Football | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Handball | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Swimming | 4 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
| Table tennis | | | | |
| Taekwondo | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Tennis | | | | |
| Volleyball | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 22 | 25 | 16 | 63 |

#### Gold Medal

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Simon Kipkemboi | Athletics | Men's 200m |
| Gold | Billy Konchellah | Athletics | Men's 800m |
| Gold | Sisa Kirati | Athletics | Men's 1500m |
| Gold | John Ngugi | Athletics | Men's 5000m |
| Gold | Paul Kipkoech | Athletics | Men's 10000m |
| Gold | Patrick Sang | Athletics | Men's 3000m steeplechase |
| Gold | Francisca Chepkurui | Athletics | Women's 400m |
| Gold | Selina Chirchir | Athletics | Women's 800m |
| Gold | Selina Chirchir | Athletics | Women's 1500m |
| Gold | Susan Sirma | Athletics | Women's 3000m |
| Gold | Leah Malot | Athletics | Women's 5000m |
| Gold | Elizabeth Olaba | Athletics | Women's shot put |
| Gold | Agnetha Chelimo | Athletics | Women's 5000m track walk |
| Gold | Kenya men's national field hockey team | Athletics | Women's 5000m track walk |
| Gold | John Kariuki | Taekwondo | Men's flyweight |

#### Silver Medal

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Silver | David Kitur | Athletics | Men's 400m |
| Silver | Stephen Marai | Athletics | Men's 800m |
| Silver | Wilfred Kirochi | Athletics | Men's 1500m |
| Silver | Kenya women's national volleyball team | Volleyball | Volleyball - Women |
| Silver | Kenya national football team | Football | Football - Men |

#### Bronze Medal

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date | Ref |
| Bronze | Joseph Chesire | Athletics | Men's 1500m | | |
| Bronze | Peter Koech | Athletics | Men's 5000m | July 21 | |
# Frank Ash Yeo

Frank Ash Yeo (18 August 1832 – 4 March 1888) was a British industrialist and Liberal politician.
Yeo was born at Bideford, Devon, the son of Thomas Yeo and his wife Elizabeth Woollacott. He was educated at Bideford School, and in Germany and France. He moved to Swansea where he was a colliery owner and director of the Swansea Bank and the Swansea Blast Furnace Company. In 1874 he was Mayor of Swansea, and commemorated his Mayoralty by donating the Chain of Office in 1875. In 1878 he became Chairman of Swansea Harbour Trust. He lived at Sketty Hall.
In 1885, Yeo was elected as Member of Parliament for Gower and held the seat until his death three years later at the age of 55.
Yeo married Sarah Cory at Cardiff in 1858. She died in 1863 and he married Mary Dowson of Northallerton in 1868.
In 2006, a statement from Swansea City Council declared that the Mayoral Chains Of Office would continue to adorn the incumbent for select official duties following a planned refurbishment, to cost in the region of £50,000 GBP.
The Mayoral chains, a 'gift' to the city in 1875 from industrialist and Liberal Member of Parliament, Frank Ash Yeo, were once valued over £100,000 and are presently the subject of scrutiny from a number of notable antiquities specialists.
Plaid Cymru group spokesperson Darren Price - in consultation with direct heir and descendant of the benefactor, Mr. Nicholas James Cory Yeo Knott-Goodwin - suggested an alternative to the expenditure of a taxpayer-funded restoration would be to preserve, and archive the jewels for public view in a museum.
In further communications between Mr. Knott-Goodwin and Swansea City Council representatives, it was divulged that the private journals of Frank Ash Yeo - now held by great granddaughter Leila Cory Goodwin - would detail more closely the exact relationship between Mr. Yeo and Swansea Council circa his election to Mayor, and the relinquishing of holdings related to his erstwhile partnership, the Cory-Yeo group of collieries.
The contents of these journals are set to be published as a memoir in 2023.
# Korea University (disambiguation)

Korea University (고려대학교) most commonly refers to a private university in South Korea.
* Korea University Anam Campus is the main campus in Seoul. The main portion of the campus is located in Anam-dong, Seoul
* Korea University Sejong Campus is a campus mainly in Sejong
Korea University (조선대학교) may also refer to:
# Songs (Matthew Shipp album)

Songs is a solo album by American jazz pianist Matthew Shipp performing popular standards and spirituals, which was recorded in 2001 and released on the Italian Splasc(H) label. Its "We Free Kings" track is a Roland Kirk composition based on the Christmas carol "We Three Kings".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In his review for AllMusic, Steve Loewy states "The interpretations are original, disturbing at times, but also uplifting and lyrical. The pianist follows a strategy of laying down a melody and slowly deconstructing the piece, but what is remarkable is the way in which he never lets go of the underlying song even at the most extreme moments."

## Track listing

* "We Free Kings" (John Henry Hopkins, Jr.) – 4:16
* "There Will Never Be Another You" (Harry Warren / Mack Gordon) – 5:42
* "Almighty Fortress Is Our God" (Martin Luther) – 5:01
* "Con Alma" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 8:16
* "Angel Eyes" (Matt Dennis / Earl Brent)– 5:35
* "On Green Dolphin Street" (Bronislav Kaper / Ned Washington) – 3:53
* "Bags' Groove" (Milt Jackson) – 3:25
* "Yesterdays" (Jerome Kern / Otto Harbach) – 5:32
* "East Broadway Run Down" (Sonny Rollins) – 5:17

## Personnel

* Matthew Shipp - piano
# Blanca Ávalos de Méndez

Blanca Alicia Ávalos de Méndez was a Salvadoran politician. In 1956 she became one of the first group of women to be elected the Legislative Assembly. She remained a member until 1960.

## Biography

Ávalos was a Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification (PRUD) candidate in the 1956 parliamentary elections. With the PRUD winning all 54 seats, she became one of the first group of four women to enter the Legislative Assembly. She was re-elected in 1958, serving until 1960.
# Für Dich (Vanessa Mai album)

Für Dich (also spelled Für dich; "For You") is a 2016 album by German singer Vanessa Mai.

## Track listing

* "Ich sterb für dich"
* "Wie ein Blitz"
* "Ich hör auf mein Herz"
* "Phänomenal"
* "Herz an Herz"
* "Ohne dich"
* "Meilenweit"
* Willst du oder nicht"
* "Du und ich"
* "Wir sind heut schwindelfrei"
* "Ich liebe dich"
* "Für dich" (Yvonne Catterfeld cover)
* "Wunder gibt's nicht nur im Himmel"
* "Kann's nicht glauben"
# List of senators of Guadeloupe

Following is a List of senators of Guadeloupe, people who have represented the department of Guadeloupe in the Senate of France.

## Third Republic

| Start | End | Name | Notes |
| 1876 | 1885 | Charles-André de La Jaille | |
| 1885 | 1899 | Pierre Isaac | Reelected in 1894, died in office |
| 1900 | 1912 | Adolphe Cicéron | Reelected in 1903 |
| 1912 | 1945 | Henry Bérenger | Reelected in 1921, 1930 and 1938 |

## Fourth Republic

The Fourth Republic lasted from 1946 to 1958.
| Start | End | Name | Notes |
| 1946 | 1952 | Eugénie Éboué-Tell | Reelected in 1948 |
| 1946 | 1948 | Clovis Renaison | . |
| 1948 | 1958 | Maurice Satineau | Reelected in 1952 |
| 1952 | 1959 | Amédée Valeau | Reelected in 1958 |
| 1958 | 1959 | Lucien Bernier | Reelected in the Fifth Republic |

## Fifth Republic

| Start | End | Name | Party | Notes |
| 1959 | 1968 | Lucien Bernier | Socialist Party (France) (PS) | Also senator in the Fourth Republic |
| 1959 | 1968 | René Toribio | Socialist Party (France) (PS) | |
| 1968 | 1977 | Amédée Valeau | Rally for the Republic (RPR) | Also senator in the Fourth Republic |
| 1968 | 1986 | Marcel Gargar | French Communist Party (PCF) | Reelected in 1977 |
| 1977 | 1986 | Georges Dagonia | Socialist Party (France) (PS) | |
| 1986 | 1995 | François Louisy | Socialist Party (France) (PS) | |
| 1986 | 1995 | Henri Bangou | French Communist Party (PCF) | |
| 1995 | 2004 | Dominique Larifla | United Guadeloupe, Socialism and Realities (GUSR) | |
| 1995 | 2011 | Lucette Michaux-Chevry | Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) | Reelected in 2004 |
| 2004 | 2011 | Daniel Marsin | United Guadeloupe, Socialism and Realities (GUSR) | |
| 2004 | | Jacques Gillot | United Guadeloupe, Socialism and Realities (GUSR) | Reelected in 2011 |
| 2011 | | Félix Desplan | Socialist Party (France) (PS) | |
| 2011 | | Jacques Cornano | Miscellaneous left (DVG) | |
| 2017 | | Victoire Jasmin | Socialist Party (France) (PS) | |
# Karmele Leizaola

Karmele Leizaola (San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Basque, May 11, 1929 – Madrid, February 5, 2021) was a Venezuelan graphic designer. She is considered a pioneer of information design in Venezuela and her work has been influential for many generations of editorial designers.

## Biography

Leizaola was the daughter of Ricardo Leizaola and María Azpiazu, who left her birth city in 1936 and moved to France with her mother and siblings due to the Spanish Civil War.
Her father, Su padre, a Spanish printer, moved to Caracas in 1940 and worked with a Caracas en 1940.
Karmele Leizaola arrived in Venezuela in 1945 and soon thereafte entered the Colegio San José de Tarbes to continue her studies for two years.
In 1959 she married Luis de las Heras, with whom she had four children: the journalists Txomin las Heras, the cartoonist Eneko las Heras, the editors Mikel las Heras y Estíbaliz las Heras
She died February 5, 2021, in Madrid, two days after contracting COVID-19.

### Career

In 1947, Karmele Leizaola started to work alongside her father at the workshop of Tipografía Vargas in downtown Caracas. Already with a certain affinity for drawing, her father invited her to act as an interpreter between a Swiss designer and a Venezuelan. This work led her to her first experience with graphic design, typography and journalism.
Later, Leizaola continued her work in publications such as Élite, Momento y la Bohemia de la Cadena Capriles. There she got to know people including Gabriel García Márquez, Simón Alberto Consalvi and Guillermo Sucre.
In 1979, Leizaola began working on the newspaper el Nacional, for which she got first recognition for her work. This made her the first woman to join an editorial office of a print publication in Venezuela.
In later years, Leizaola continued to work for publications such as Domingo Hoy, the weekly cultural section of Economía Hoy and the layout of the monthly insert inside Feriado. Her colleagues included Víctor Hugo Irazábal and Carmen Riera.

## Style

Leizaola's work signified a new phase of editorial design in Venezuela which was more fluid. She considered design a necessary part of journalism.
Her innovative style made use of negative to visualize the contrast between different types of information. She easily managed the use of typographic fonts and the structure of texts to give a sense of balance and unity to things.

## Prizes and recognition

In 1982 Leizaola received the top prize for Journalism in Venezuela for layout and design.
In 1990 she received Premio Nacional de Periodismo from Carlos Andrés Pérez.
# Lord (manga)

Lord (Japanese: 覇 -LORD-, Hepburn: Ha Rōdo, "Hegemon -Lord-") is a Japanese manga series written by Buronson and illustrated by Ryoichi Ikegami. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Superior from September 2004 to February 2011, with its chapters collected in 22 tankōbon volumes. The story is loosely based on the Three Kingdoms period, using both real and original characters and events from the historical period in Chinese history and folklore of the 14th century novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong. A sequel, titled Soul: Lord 2, was serialized in the same magazine from June 2011 to January 2013, with its chapters collected in three tankōbon volumes.

## Publication

Written by Buronson and illustrated by Ryoichi Ikegami, Lord was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Superior from September 10, 2004, to February 10, 2011. Shogakukan collected its chapters in 22 tankōbon volumes, released from January 28, 2005, to March 30, 2011.
A second part, Soul: Lord 2 (SOUL 覇 第2章, Sōru Rōdo Dai Ni-shō), was serialized in Big Comic Spirits from June 10, 2011, to January 11, 2013. Shogakukan collected its chapters in three tankōbon volumes, released from February 29, 2012, to March 29, 2013.

### Volumes
#### Lord

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| 1 | January 28, 2005 | 978-4-09-187511-2 |
| 2 | April 26, 2005 | 978-4-09-187512-9 |
| 3 | September 30, 2005 | 978-4-09-187513-6 |
| 4 | December 26, 2005 | 978-4-09-187514-3 |
| 5 | April 27, 2006 | 978-4-09-180326-9 |
| 6 | July 28, 2006 | 978-4-09-180576-8 |
| 7 | December 26, 2006 | 978-4-09-180896-7 |
| 8 | April 27, 2007 | 978-4-09-181199-8 |
| 9 | July 30, 2007 | 978-4-09-181377-0 |
| 10 | November 30, 2007 | 978-4-09-181530-9 |
| 11 | February 29, 2008 | 978-4-09-181750-1 |
| 12 | May 30, 2008 | 978-4-09-181898-0 |
| 13 | August 29, 2008 | 978-4-09-182136-2 |
| 14 | November 28, 2008 | 978-4-09-182260-4 |
| 15 | February 27, 2009 | 978-4-09-182374-8 |
| 16 | July 30, 2009 | 978-4-09-182572-8 |
| 17 | November 30, 2009 | 978-4-09-182767-8 |
| 18 | January 29, 2010 | 978-4-09-183007-4 |
| 19 | May 28, 2010 | 978-4-09-183165-1 |
| 20 | August 30, 2010 | 978-4-09-183386-0 |
| 21 | December 25, 2010 | 978-4-09-183536-9 |
| 22 | March 30, 2011 | 978-4-09-183720-2 |

#### Soul: Lord 2

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| 1 | February 29, 2012 | 978-4-09-184398-2 |
| 2 | August 30, 2012 | 978-4-09-184654-9 |
| 3 | March 29, 2013 | 978-4-09-185136-9 |
# Avidur Rahman

Avidur Rahman is an Indian politician belonging to Indian National Congress. He was elected as a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Araria in 2015.
# Frank Ashley

Frank Ashley may refer to:
* Frank Ashley Day Middle School
* Frank Ashley (skier) in Colorado Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame
# Chersobius

Chersobius is a genus of tiny tortoises in the family Testudinidae, endemic to southern Africa. The genus includes the smallest tortoises in the world. All three species were previously assigned to the genus Homopus.

## Naming

As a group, these closely related species are commonly known in Europe and Africa as padlopers (originally meaning "path-walkers" in Afrikaans), due to their habit of making tiny pathways through vegetation. In other parts of the world, such as the United States, they are known as Cape tortoises.

## Distribution

The genus is indigenous and endemic to southern Africa, one within South Africa, one only in Namibia, and one possibly spanning across the border region of both countries.

## Species

The genus contains these species:
| Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| Karoo padloper or Boulenger's cape tortoise | C. boulengeri | Karoo region |
| speckled padloper or speckled tortoise | C. signatus | South African west coast region, the smallest tortoise species in the world |
| Nama padloper or Berger's cape tortoise, previously H. bergeri | C. solus | southern Namibia |

## Conservation and captivity

They are threatened by habitat destruction, traffic on roads, overgrazing, and poaching for the pet trade.
Among the Chersobius species, C. signatus adapts well to captivity, as their diets are not highly specialized. The others do not generally survive well in captivity unless some effort is made to supply them with their natural food, that is, endemic plants from the Cape/Karoo regions. Many are taken from their natural habitat each year, and subsequently die as a result, as they do not readily adapt to typical captive diets and environment change. However, they can be very hardy in captivity, and most problems with captive care are caused by faulty nutrition, high humidity, or bad husbandry.
# Macrosolen parasiticus

Macrosolen parasiticus is a species of parasitic shrub in the family Loranthaceae. It is commonly called parasite honeysuckle. It is widely distributed in tropical South and South West Indian regions especially in the Western Ghats. Macrosolen parasiticus species were described by Danser (1938).

## Description

Macrosolen parasiticus is a parasitic shrub with thickened stem at nodes, like mistletoe. The oppositely arranged, ovate-lanceolate leaves have sharp tips and rounded bases. The leaf stalk (petiole) is 6–12 mm long. The flowers are few and stalkless. The peduncle carrying the spikes is up to 1 cm long. The flowers have a long, variegated, reddish flower tube, which is slightly curved. It has six, 5–6 mm long petals which are green and turned back. The fruit is an ovoid berry, green, with persistent sepals. Flowering and fruiting occurs from December to May.
# Charaxes orilus

Charaxes orilus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1869. It is endemic to Timor in the Australasian realm.
# Für Euch, die Ihr liebt

Für Euch, die Ihr liebt is a double-CD studio album released by electro-medieval/darkwave band Helium Vola. It was released in 2009 by Chrom Records.

## Track listing
### CD1

* "A Voi Che Amate" – 1:48
* "Saber D'Amor" – 6:58
* "Oh Pescador" – 4:14
* "Blow, Northerne Wynd" – 5:32
* "Mes Longs Cheveux" – 1:49
* "L'Alba" – 5:28
* "In So Hoher Swebender Wunne" – 6:23
* "Friendly Fire" – 4:17
* "Hor Che 'L Ciel" – 4:42
* "Escoutatz" – 5:15
* "Maienzeit" – 6:11
* "Ecce Gratum" – 6:16

### CD2

* "Preghiera" – 2:06
* "Nummus" – 4:39
* "Mayab" – 4:25
* "Mord" – 3:14
* "Canta Me" – 4:35
* "Manifesto" – 5:03
* "Quan Lo Pet" – 2:21
* "Ray Gun" – 5:14
* "Come Talore" – 3:31
* "Darkness, Darkness" – 5:14
* "Moorsoldaten" – 6:59
* "Nuestrasz Vidas" – 8:01

## Credits

* Artwork - Tim Becker
* Cello - Jost Hecker
* Composed by Ernst Horn (tracks: 1-1, to 1-4, 1-6 to 1-12, 2-1 to 2-9, 2-12)
* Keyboards, producer - Ernst Horn
* Mastered by Christoph Stickel
* Viola - Olga Hübner
* Violin, guitar - Ralf Hübner
* Vocals - Sabine Lutzenberger
# Gagata dolichonema

Gagata dolichonema is a species of sisorid catfish native to China, Myanmar, India, and Thailand. This species grows to a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) SL.
# Barretaine

Barretaine (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Ken McFaul

Kenneth McFaul (born 1948) is a Northern Irish unionist politician.

## Political career

McFaul was a member of the Protestant Unionist Party and a founder of their successor group the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). He represented the party as a member of the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention for East Antrim and was a member of Carrickfergus Borough Council from 1973 to 1985, serving as Mayor from 1981 to 1983. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly election. He left the DUP in 1984 after missing out to Jim Allister in the race to be the party's general election candidate for East Antrim the previous year.
McFaul would later return to politics with the Traditional Unionist Voice, and was a candidate for the party in the 2014 election to the newly established Mid and East Antrim District Council. He was not elected to the body.
# Flazasulfuron

Flazasulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide used for controlling the unwanted growth of grass, broad-leaved weeds and sedges. The mode of action of flazasulfuron is through the inhibition of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), which results in the inhibition of amino acid synthesis, cell division and ultimately plant growth. Flazasulfuron can be used on both pre-emergent weeds and post-emergent weeds. Growth ceases within hours of the application of the compound. Symptoms include leaf discolouration, desiccation, necrosis and ultimately plant death within 20 – 25 days of application. It is a white, water-soluble solid.

## Synthesis

The synthesis of flazasulfuron begins with the one pot chlorination and chlorine/fluorine exchange of 3-picoline (1). This reaction is performed in the gas phase in a purpose built reactor where the desired product (2) is one of the components of the crude product mixture. Treatment of (2) with sodium hydrosulfide gives (3) by nucleophillic aromatic substitution. Acidic oxidation with chlorine produces the sulfonylchloride which is filtered off and added directly to chilled concentrated ammonia solution to produce 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl sulfonamide (4). Treatment with diphenylcarbonate (5) and sodium hydride gives the carbamate (6). Finally, flazasulfuron is obtained by the reaction of (6) with 4,6-dimethoxy-1-aminopyrimidine in dioxane.
An alternative strategy is to use (4) as nucleophile with the O-phenylcarbamate of 4,6-dimethoxy-1-aminopyrimidine (7) as electrophile in the presence of DBN.
# Spinus

Spinus may refer to:
* Spinus (bird), a genus of birds in the finch family (Fringillidae)
* Spinuș, a commune in Bihor County, Romania