OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sachsenpfennig

The Sachsenpfennig ("Saxon pfennig"), sometimes called the Wendenpfennig or the Hochrandpfennig ("high rim pfennig"), was a well-known coin of the pfennig type minted in the eastern part of the Stem Duchy of Saxony during the 10th and 11th centuries. It had an upturned perimeter and, next to the Otto Adelheid Pfennig was the most common pfennig type of its time. Sachsenpfennigs are the oldest coins minted in Saxony. Its different names represent a lack of clarity within mediaeval numismatics about the coin.

## Names

Julius Menadier called the pfennig type of the 10th and 11th centuries with an upturned rim the Sachsenpfennig because it was minted in eastern Saxony.
The older name Wendenpfennig ("Wend pfennig") is inappropriate as a pfennig that the Wends minted, since they still regarded the coins as ingots or so-called hacksilver and did not mint any coins themselves. According to Menadier, the use of hacksilver and coins are mutually exclusive. East of the Elbe among the Slavs (Wends) and Scandinavians (Vikings), the merchants had developed a so-called bullion economy. When paying, silver was cut into the form of ingots, jewellery and coins and weighed with scales and weights. Across the whole of the Slavic lands, hoards of silver weighing several kilogrammes have occasionally survived; they comprise German and West European denarii, Oriental dirhems and Scandinavian jewellery. The pieces were mostly chopped up, broken or cut up.
In Polish and English texts, the term cross denier (Polish: denary krzyzowe, German: Kreuzdenare) appears. An indisputable modern name for these coins is Hochrandpfennig ("high rim pfennig") or Randpfennig ("rim pfennig").
The different names indicate an unclear position in medieval numismatics. Their anonymity and their seemingly primitive coinage led to them being regarded as a separate coin group outside of the normal imperial coinage.

## Coin standard

The oldest Sachsenpfennigs were based on the minting standard of the Carolingian monetary reform under which 240 pfennigs were minted from the Carolingian pound of silver weighing 367 g. Twelve pfennigs made one schilling. At that time, the schilling was not an actual coin, but the name of a dozen pfennigs, so it was just a unit of account. In theory, the pfennig weighed 1.5g, however, of the coins that have been found, the lightest were 0.95 g, the heaviest 1.90 g. From Roman antiquity, the talentum was adopted for the pound, solidus for the schilling and denarius for the pfennig. The mintmasters used mine-pure silver as the minting metal. In addition, circulating Roman denarii were melted down. Only pfennigs and 1⁄2 pfennigs were minted. The 1⁄2 pfennigs were called obole (Hälblinge = "halflings"). 1⁄4 pfennigs (fertones) are mentioned, but they were only coins of account or were made by division, not by stamping.
People were clearly happy to check the authenticity of a coin by biting it, as numerous deformed coins from this period show: if the metal gave way, the coin was genuine, if the tooth gave way, iron had been bitten.
# Jhoomra

Jhoomra is a tala of Hindustani music. Jhoomra tala has 14 beats. Jhoomra is often used in the vilambit or ati-vilambit (slow) Khyal.

## Arrangement

Jhoomra tala can be counted like this:
* clap, 2, 3, clap, 2, 3, 4, wave, 2, 3, clap, 2, 3, 4
Or can be counted like this:
* clap, 2, 3, clap, 5, 6, 7 wave, 9, 10, clap, 12, 13, 14

## Theka

This is arrangement of Jhoomra:
   Dhin | -Dha | TiRiKaTa Dhin | Dhin | Dha Ge | TiRiKaTa Tin | -Ta | TiRiKaTa Dhin | Dhin | Dha Ge | TiRiKaTa
Theka of Jhoomra can be arranged like this:
| Maatra | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Bols | Dhin | -Dha | TiRiKaTa | Dhin | Dhin | Dha Ge | TiRiKaTa | Tin | -Ta | TiRiKaTa | Dhin | Dhin | Dha Ge | TiRiKaTa |
| Clap/Wave | Clap | 2 | 3 | Clap | 2 | 3 | 4 | Wave | 2 | 3 | Clap | 2 | 3 | 4 |
# John T. Cheeseman

John Thomas Cheeseman (August 3, 1892 – February 22, 1968) was a businessman and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Burin from 1919 to 1923, Burgeo-LaPoile from 1956 to 1962 and Hermitage from 1962 to 1966.
The son of Lawrence Cheeseman, he was born in Port au Bras and was educated there and at Bishop Feild College. Cheeseman worked for a time in his father's fishery business, then became manager of the Burin Import and Export Company and finally opened his own business around 1930. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1923. Cheeseman was appointed Chief Inspector of Fisheries and then Chief Fisheries Officer for Newfoundland. He later served in the Newfoundland Executive Council as Minister of Fisheries and Co-Operatives and then as Minister of Provincial Affairs. He retired from the assembly in 1966.
Cheeseman married Mona Ludlow; the couple had two sons. His son Roy also served in the Newfoundland assembly.
A Newfoundland provincial park, John T. Cheeseman Provincial Park, was named in his honour.
# Joachim Fickert

Joachim Fickert is a German football coach and instructor who has coached in a myriad of countries. As an itinerant football coach, he has had experience in Germany, Rwanda, Mauritania, Benin, Congo, Eritrea, Cambodia, Togo, Laos, Vietnam, Mali, and Ethiopia and has the English, French, and Khmer languages listed on his CV.

## Career
### Cambodia

Taking over the Cambodia national team as part of a development project in aid of the country by the German government, Fickert guided the Kouprey Blue to 4-0 and 3-1 group stage triumphs over Brunei and Myanmar at the 1997 Southeast Asian Games. Trusted by public to bring good results, he steered Cambodia to its highest-ever FIFA ranking, 162nd place, in 1998 and was in charge of the team for the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. Took the helm of the Cambodian League's Nagaworld in 2006 where they had two friendlies in Vietnam, which they were beaten 5-1 and 5-0 by Hoàng Anh Gia Lai's A and B teams.

### Vietnam

Roped in by An Giang in December 2003 with two Cambodians, the German was dismissed from his post by mid-February 2004 following five games with unsatisfactory results.

### Mali

Announced as Mali technical director in 2008, the German was tasked with making a system for work within the Malian Football Federation as well as overseeing the national selection. However, he soon was forced to leave the country in 2012 as rebels were closing in on the Malian capital, Bamako. Overall, he held seminars for over 1400 participants, got 44 coaches internships, and helped develop Malian grassroots football as a whole.

### Ethiopia

Tasked to develop football in Ethiopia for four years in 2012 based on the German model as part of a project between Germany and Ethiopia, Fickert helped Ethiopian youngsters secure contracts with European clubs and has said that the main problem with African football is lack of funds, facilities, as well as medical care.
# SS United

SS United may refer to:
* SS United States
* SS United Group Oil & Gas Company
# Type 345 Radar

The Type 345 (MR35) fire-control radar system is used to guide the HQ-7 short-range surface-to-air missile. The system is installed on many modern and retrofitted Chinese navy ships.
The Type 345 fire control radar appears to be based on the Thomson-CSF Castor CTM (Conduite de Tir Multisensor) fire control radar, which is a Castor II/J with a separate IR camera (Piraña) and TV tracker and not the oft quoted Castor IIC. It is possible, however, that the Castor IIC was bought initially, but the CTM was also bought later.
It uses a TWT transmitter with a Cassegrain antenna. Pulse compression (7.5 μs pulse) and pulse Doppler processing (first blind speed 1000 m/s) techniques are used, and it can acquire ASHM at 18 km and fighter at 30 km with a tracking range between 350 m and 30 km.

## Specifications

* System: Radar+ IR compound tracking
* Band: Ku band
* IR: 3~5 μm & 8~12 μm
* Range performance: 30 km against 2 m² RCS aircraft ; 15 km against sea-skimming target
* Radar beam width: 1.2°
* IR FOV: 1.3° X 1°
* Tracking coverage: 360° (Az); -30°~85° (El)
* Tracking Radar
** Frequency: Ku band
** Polarization: Horizontal
** Antenna type: Cassegrain antenna
* IR Tracker
** Spectral band 3~5 μm
** Pixel Resolution: 320x240
** FOV: 1.3° X 1°
* Transmitter
** Antenna gain: 21 dB
** Beam width: Wide 20°, Narrow 3°
* Ambient temperature
** Antenna: -25–+70 °C
* Power supply
** 115 V/50 Hz 3-phase AC: 5 kW
** 115 V/400 Hz 3-phase AC: 1 kW
# John William Oldfield

Major John William Oldfield CMG OBE MC ED (22 October 1886 – 1 December 1955), was a prominent figure in the commercial and public life in Ceylon, serving as the chairman of the Ceylon Planters' Association between 1924 and 1925, an appointed member of the State Council of Ceylon in 1931 and as an appointed member of the first Parliament of Ceylon in 1947.
John William Oldfield was born at Georgetown, British Guiana, on 22 October 1886, and was educated at St. Anne's School, Redhill, Surrey. At the age of 21 he went to Ceylon and worked on several tea plantations for the next seven years. During that time he served as an officer in the Ceylon Planters' Rifle Corps. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 he was granted a commission in the Cameronians and by 1915 had become Brigade Machine Gun officer. From 1917 to 1919 he served on the Divisional and Corps staff as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General. His services were mentioned five times in dispatches and he was awarded the Military Cross in 1916 and appointed an OBE in 1919. Oldfield also received the Croix de Guerre and was made a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold.
Following the end of the war Oldfield returned to Ceylon, where he was selected as the chairman of the Ceylon Planters' Association in 1924. In 1926 he served as the European unofficial member of the Executive Council of Ceylon. In 1931 he was appointed as the European member of the State Council of Ceylon. In 1932 he received the Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the King's Birthday Honours for his public service in Ceylon.
In November 1947, Oldfield was appointed as a member of the Ceylon House of Representatives. He was one of six members appointed by the Governor-General, to represent important interests which were not represented or inadequately represented in the House.
Oldfield was married twice, firstly in 1910 to Jenny Gillespie, daughter of F. Vogan Harper. They had three daughters and a son. In 1954 he married Margaret Ella Dakeyne.
Oldfield died in Colombo in December 1955.
# John of Ripa

John of Ripa (fl. 1357–1368) was a Franciscan philosopher, living and teaching in Paris.
John's philosophical interests included Christology and the metaphysics of awareness. He responded critically to the philosophy of Duns Scotus, and Augustinian scholar Damasus Trapp argues that he was also influenced by the thinking of Richard Brinkley. John, in turn, was an influence on Louis of Padua and Lambert of Gelderen.
# List of Brazilian films of 1954

A list of films produced in Brazil in 1954:
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre |
| A Outra Face do Homem | J. B. Tanko | Sadi Cabral, Edilene Cavalcanti, Wilma Chandler | Drama |
| A Sogra | Armando Couto | Procópio Ferreira, Maria Vidal, Ludy Veloso | Comedy |
| Candinho | Abilio Pereira de Almeida | Amácio Mazzaropi, Marisa Prado, Ruth de Souza | Comedy |
| Carnaval em Caxias | Paulo Wanderley | Carmélia Alves, Ariston, Dircinha Batista | Musical comedy |
| Chamas no cafezal | José Carlos Burle | Jane Batista, José Carlos Burle, Áurea Cardoso | Drama |
| Conchita und der Ingenieur | Franz Eichhorn, Hans Hinrich | Paul Hartmann, Vanja Orico, Robert Freitag | Adventure |
| Destino em Apuros | Ernesto Remani | João Alberto, João Alberto, Arrelia | Comedy |
| É Proibido Beijar | Ugo Lombardi | Tônia Carrero, Mário Sérgio, Zbigniew Ziembinski | Comedy |
| Floradas na Serra | Luciano Salce | Cacilda Becker, Jardel Filho, Ilka Soares | Drama |
| O Circo Chegou à Cidade | Alberto Severi | Badu, Gonzaga Blota, Humberto Catalano | Adventure |
| O Petróleo é Nosso | Watson Macedo | Violeta Ferraz, Humberto Catalano, Adelaide Chiozzo | Comedy |
| Perdidos de Amor | Euripides Ramos | Theresa Amayo, Luiz Bonfá, Miriam Carmem | Drama |
| Malandros em Quarta Dimensão [pt] | Luiz de Barros | Mara Abrantes, Julie Bardot, Irene Bertal | Musical comedy |
| Marujo Por Acaso | Euripides Ramos | Ankito, Heloísa Helena, Afonso Stuart | Comedy |
| Matar ou Correr | Carlos Manga | Oscarito, Grande Otelo, José Lewgoy | Comedy |
| Paixão Tempestuosa | Antonio Tibiriçá | Vida Alves, Sônia Campos, Tânia Castilho | Drama |
| Rei do Movimento | Victor Lima, Hélio Barroso | Ankito, Janete Jane, Carlos Tovar | Musical comedy |
| Road to Crime | Flaminio Bollini | Marly Bueno, Nelson Camargo, Miro Cerni | Crime |
| Rua Sem Sol | Alex Viany | Glauce Rocha, Carlos Cotrim, Dóris Monteiro | Drama |
| Woman of Truth | Alberto Cavalcanti | Carlos Araújo, Adoniran Barbosa, Inezita Barroso | Drama |
# Jiří Kotrba

Jiří Kotrba (born 28 February 1958) is a Czech football manager and former player.
As a manager Kotrba led several Czech clubs, gaining success with some of them. In the 2002/2003 season he won the Czech First League with Sparta Prague. In 1994 Kotrba won the Czech Cup with Viktoria Žižkov, in 1998 he won the cup with FK Jablonec.
In June 2011, Kotrba returned to club management after a four-year break to replace Jaroslav Šilhavý as manager of České Budějovice. His return was, however, short-lived, as after overseeing a winless start to the 2011–12 Czech First League during which his team took no points from the opening five games, he was replaced as head coach by František Cipro, with Kotrba staying at the club in the role of general manager.
# John Webster Bride

John Webster Bride (1884 – 1963) was a consultant surgeon at St. Mary's Hospital in Manchester, gynaecological surgeon at the Northern Hospital for Women and Children, Manchester, and lecturer in obstetrics and gynaecology at Manchester University.

## Early life and education

He was born in Wilmslow, where his father practised medicine. He studied medicine at Manchester University and the University of London, receiving M.D. degrees from both institutions.

## Career

During the First World War, he served as an officer with the Royal Army Medical Corps in the Gallipoli campaign, the Near East and France.
Following the war, he worked at St. Mary's Hospital, where he was appointed consultant surgeon in 1921. He was honorary gynaecologist at Manchester Northern Hospital, and after the creation of the National Health Service, became consultant gynaecologist for United Manchester Hospitals. He lectured in obstetrics and gynaecology at the University of Manchester, wrote a history of St. Mary's Hospital, and was a member of Manchester Medical Society. He served as president of the North of England Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society.
He was a foundation fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
In his personal life, he was interested in history, in particular the study of ancient buildings. He was married and had two children.
His papers are held in the archives of the Manchester University Library.

## Selected publications

Bride JW. Discussion on Rupture of the Cæsarean Section Scar in Subsequent Pregnancy or Labour Proc R Soc Med. 1921;14(Obstet Gynaecol Sect):148-9
Bride JW. An Investigation of a Series of 100 Ovarian Tumours. Trans Edinb Obstet Soc. 1930;50:32-51
Bride JW. THE TUBERCULIN SKIN REACTION (VON PIRQUET'S). Br Med J. 1910 May 14;1(2576):1161. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.2576.1161
Dougal D, Bride JW. Etiological Factors in Abortion: A Study of 100 Cases. Br Med J. 1920;1(3097):632-634. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3097.632
Bride JW. HAEMORRHAGE IN ASSOCIATION WITH PREGNANCY, LABOUR, AND THE PUERPERIUM. Br Med J. 1925;2(3390):1176-1179. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3390.1176
Bride JW. The Development of Vaginal Operations for Genital Prolapse. Br Med J. 1926;2(3424):361.
# Jiaodontus

Jiaodontus is an extinct genus of lonchidiid cartilaginous fish which existed in Liuhuanggou, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, northwestern China, during the late Jurassic (Oxfordian age). Fossils have been found in the Qigu Formation, China. It was first named by Stefanie Klug, Thomas Tütken, Oliver Wings, Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner and Thomas Martin in 2010 and the type species is Jiaodontus montaltissimus.
# Johnny E. Jensen

Johnny E. Jensen (born 1947) is a Danish-American cinematographer. He is best known for the films Rambling Rose, Grumpy Old Men, and Rosewood, and the television film Into the Badlands for which he received a Primetime Emmy nomination.
Jensen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark and immigrated to the United States at age 20. He has been a member of the American Society of Cinematographers since 1994.
Since 2011 he has taught cinematography as a faculty member at Chapman University's Dodge College.

## Filmography
### Films

* Material Girls (2006)
* The Game of Their Lives (2005)
* WiseGirls (2002)
* Morgan's Ferry (2001)
* The Ladies Man (2000)
* Rosewood (1997)
* Three Wishes (1995)
* Angie (1994)
* Grumpy Old Men (1993)
* Lost in Yonkers (1993)
* Benefit of the Doubt (1993)
* Rambling Rose (1991)

### Television

* Heartland (2007, seven episodes)
* Deceit
* Two Against Time (2002)
* The Ponder Heart (2001)
* The Flamingo Rising (2001)
* Swing Vote (1999)
* Crazy in Love (1992)
* Into the Badlands (1991)
* Bare Essentials (1991)
# Sadachara Smruti

Sadachara Smruti or Hymns of Pious Living is a short work of Hindu literature by Madhvacharya, the founder of the Dvaita school of philosophy. The work contains about 35 shlokas. It is essentially an instruction guide for all on the correct routines to follow in leading one's life.

## Content

The work provides detailed guidelines on daily activities like:
* Right time to wake up (shloka 1-2)
* First activities to be performed in the morning (shloka 2)
* The right method for a sadhaka to bathe (shloka 3-4)
* The correct mantras and procedure to perform japa or sandhyavandanam (shloka 5-8)
* The right attitude while serving God (shloka 9-11)
* Performing worldly duties towards one's job, family, and guest (shloka 12-13)
* Performing evening and night duties (sandhyavandanam) (shloka 14-15)
* Studying the Vedas and the Shastras (shloka 16-21)
* Remembering the supreme deity Narayana (Vishnu) always and surrendering all activities to him (shloka 22-27)
* Duties of the four stages of life (shloka 28-30)
* The equal eligibility for the various classes towards the worship of Hari (Vishnu) (shloka 31)
* Path to moksha by worshipping the supreme deity Narayana (shloka 32-35)
# John Wier

John Wier may refer to:
* John Wier (politician) (died 1861), Nova Scotia judge and politician
* Johann Weyer (1515–1588), Dutch physician, occultist, and demonologist
# Sackville

Sackville may refer to:

## People

* Sackville (surname)
* Sackville (given name)

## Places
### Australia

* Sackville, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney
* Sackville Ward, Melbourne, a residential precinct

### Canada

* Sackville Island, Thompson Sound (British Columbia)
* Sackville, New Brunswick
* Sackville Parish, New Brunswick
* Sackville (electoral district), Nova Scotia
* Sackville River, Nova Scotia
* Fort Sackville (Nova Scotia), a former British fortification built in 1749

### Ireland

* Sackville Street, a former name of O'Connell Street, Dublin

### United Kingdom

* Sackville Street, London, England
* Sackville Street, Manchester, England

## Music

* Sackville Records, a Canadian jazz record label
* Sackville (band), a band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada
* A song on the 1990 album Life by Inspiral Carpets

## Other uses

* HMCS Sackville (K181), a Canadian Second World War corvette, later a civilian research vessel, now a museum ship
* Viscount Sackville, an extinct title in the Peerage of Great Britain
* Baron Sackville, an extant title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
* Sackville School (disambiguation)
* Sackville College, a historic almshouse in East Grinstead, West Sussex, England
* Sackville House, East Washington, Pennsylvania, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places
# Joanna Oparek

Joanna Oparek (born 1967) is a Polish poet, writer, songwriter, and playwright.

## Early life and education

Oparek graduated in psychology from the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. She then worked as a journalist, creative director in an advertising agency, a Public Relations specialist and a screenwriter.

## Writing career

In the 1980s, Oparek made her writing debut in the magazine Przekrój with the serialization of her novel Pan Gałązka, czyli jak jak zmiany chwilić na kaszówek (Mr. Gałązka, or how to make changes on the cash register). As a journalist, she also contributed to Czas Krakowski [pl]. For over ten years, she was the creative director of the advertising agency Publika. She has authored three other novels, Człowiek z kodem barowym (Bar Code man), Jesień w Nowego Miasta (Autumn in New York) and Loża (The Lodge), a novel about the career in America of Helena Modjeska. In 1998, she started to collaborate as a songwriter with the rock band Kulturka [pt].
She has published several volumes of poetry, namely Po koci w nieba (From the cat to the sky), Czerwie (Maggots), Berlin Porn, Mocne Skóra, Białe płótna (Firm Skin, White canvas), and Małe istotneści (Small duties). Her poems have been published in many literary magazines and have been translated into Spanish, Serbian, Ukrainian and English. Twice nominated for the Gdynia Literary Prize in the poetry category, she was awarded the Kraków Book of the Month award for Małe istotneści in June 2023. In 2018, she chaired the jury of the Rafał Wojaczek National Poetry Competition.

## Theatrical activities

In 2011, Oparek took part in the international project Kraków-Berlin XPRS, carried out by the Helena Modrzejewska National Old Theatre in Kraków and the Maxim Gorki Theater in Berlin. Her play, Wężowisko (The Serpent) was premiered at the Łaźnia Nowa Theatre in Kraków. In 2018, her play Obcy. Tragedia grecka (The Stranger. Greek Tragedy) was performed in Poland and Germany and at the Golden Lion International Theatre Festival in Lviv, Ukraine in 2019, as part of a project to build relations between the three countries. In 2021, at the Municipal Theatre in Gliwice, she directed her play Całe życie (All my life). For her directing, she received a nomination for the Golden Mask in 2022. The play had been premiered in Kraków in 2019 as part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of obtaining voting rights by Polish women. During the COVID-19 pandemic she organized online theatrical and literary events.
# Tătărăuca Veche

Tătărăuca Veche is a commune in Soroca District, Moldova. It is composed of six villages: Decebal, Niorcani, Slobozia Nouă, Tătărăuca Nouă, Tătărăuca Veche and Tolocănești.

## Demographics
### Village populations

* Tătărăuca Veche (village) – 535
* Decebal – 104
* Niorcani – 520
* Slobozia Nouă – 314
* Tătărăuca Nouă – 443
* Tolocănești – 78

### Notable people

* Teodosie Bârcă
* Petre Popa
* Chiril Spinei
* Grigore Turcuman
# Tătărești

Tătăreşti may refer to:
* Tătăreşti, a village in Viile Satu Mare Commune, Satu Mare County, Romania
* Tătăreşti, a commune in Cahul district, Moldova
* Tătăreşti, a commune in Străşeni district, Moldova
# Tătârlaua

The Tătârlaua is a left tributary of the river Balta in Romania. It discharges into the Balta near Cetatea de Baltă. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 38 km$^2$ (15 sq mi).