OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gelfand–Kirillov dimension

In algebra, the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension (or GK dimension) of a right module M over a k-algebra A is:
    $\operatorname {GKdim} =\sup _{V,M_{0}}\limsup _{n\to \infty }\log _{n}\dim _{k}M_{0}V^{n}$
where the supremum is taken over all finite-dimensional subspaces $V\subset A$ and $M_{0}\subset M$.
An algebra is said to have polynomial growth if its Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is finite.

## Basic facts

* The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of a finitely generated commutative algebra A over a field is the Krull dimension of A (or equivalently the transcendence degree of the field of fractions of A over the base field.)
* In particular, the GK dimension of the polynomial ring $k[x_{1},\dots ,x_{n}]$ Is n.
* (Warfield) For any real number r ≥ 2, there exists a finitely generated algebra whose GK dimension is r.

## In the theory of D-Modules

Given a right module M over the Weyl algebra $A_{n}$, the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of M over the Weyl algebra coincides with the dimension of M, which is by definition the degree of the Hilbert polynomial of M. This enables to prove additivity in short exact sequences for the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension and finally to prove Bernstein's inequality, which states that the dimension of M must be at least n. This leads to the definition of holonomic D-modules as those with the minimal dimension n, and these modules play a great role in the geometric Langlands program.
# Freight expense

In accounting, the concept of a freight expense or freight spend account can be generalized as a payment for sending out a product to a customer. It falls under the umbrella category of expenses and is treated like other expense accounts in relation to the accounting equation, however, under generally accepted accounting rules, if the freight is Freight expense has a normal debit balance. Increases are recorded as debits while decreases are recorded as credits. In relation to other accounts, the Freight Expense account is similar to the "Cost of Sales-Freight" account, but are two totally different entities. While the Freight Expense account is increased for payments towards outgoing goods, the Cost of Sales-Freight account is increased for payments towards incoming goods.
For example, suppose you have a business that imports and exports a type of product. When you deliver goods to customers and you pay for the delivery costs, you increase the Freight Expense account with a debit and the Cost of Sales-Freight is unaffected. However, when you purchase goods from a supplier and you pay for the delivery costs, you increase the Cost of Sales-Freight account and the Freight Expense account is unaffected.
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# Karlo Muradori

Karlo Muradori was a Croatian football midfielder. He won the 1942 Croatian championship with Concordia Zagreb.
# G. W. Olin House

The G. W. Olin House is a private house located at 610 Kalamazoo Street in Petoskey, Michigan. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
The G. W. Olin House is a well-preserved example of a bungalow. It is a 1½-story front-gable structure with a gabled front porch supported by Doric piers. It has exposed eaves and multi-paned windows.
The house was constructed in the late 19th century, possibly in 1898. G.W Olin and his wife lived in the house in 1899, along with their daughter, Nellie, who was a clerk at the Cushman House. By 1903 the Warren family lived in the house.
# Bloomery (disambiguation)

A bloomery is a type of furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides.
Bloomery may also refer to:
* Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia
* Bloomery, Jefferson County, West Virginia
# Kevin Smith: Burn in Hell

Kevin Smith: Burn In Hell is the fifth installment of Kevin Smith's Q&A series and was broadcast on Epix on February 11, 2012.
The special was filmed after a showing of Smith's film Red State at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas, where he answers questions on the making of the film and dealing with the Westboro Baptist Church.

## Reception

"Burn in Hell, the fifth installment in the Q&A specials, left me feeling absolutely awe-struck by the deep reverence for life and art and genuinely sage wisdom Smith possesses and shares with his loyal fans."
# Geoffrey R. Weller

Geoffrey R. Weller (January 25, 1942 – July 22, 2000) was a Canadian teacher, scholar and the founding president of the University of Northern British Columbia from 1991 to 1995. After his presidency, he remained at UNBC, teaching International Studies. He oversaw the school's main campus construction in Prince George, B.C., and established its first five special focus areas: Women's Studies, Environmental Studies, First Nations Studies, Northern Studies, and International Studies. In 2001, UNBC named its library after him.

## Education and career

Born in England, Weller graduated high school as an American exchange student in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1961. He received a BSC (Honors) in Economics from the University of Hull and an MA in Political Science from McMaster University. He pursued a PhD at McGill University but did not complete a dissertation.
In 1965, Weller began teaching at Bishop's University and in 1971 moved to Lakehead University, where he became Dean of Arts and later Vice President. He helped establish the Lakehead University Centre for Northern Studies, the Northern Ontario Medical Program and the Association of Circumpolar Universities.
Weller was a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth (1973), the University of Ottawa (1977-1978), and Simon Fraser University (1995). He also joined the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and chaired the Association of Circumpolar Universities, Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies and the Thunder Bay District Health Council.
In 1999, Weller was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Administrative Science from the University of Lapland in Finland for helping create the International Circumpolar University, and for assisting the University of Lapland in increased activity with Canadian universities.
# Salix argyrophylla

Salix pantosericea is a species of willow first described by Görz in 1934 from the Caucasus region.
# Canadian Elite Hockey League

The Canadian Elite Hockey League (CEHL) was a semi-professional hockey league that played one season in 2005–2006. The CEHL was founded by Harold MacKay, a prominent member of the local hockey community. He previously brought the expansion Halifax Mooseheads of the QMJHL to Nova Scotia in 1994 and was later responsible for moving the Granby Predateurs franchise to Cape Breton where they became the Cape Breton Screaming Eagles.
MacKay hoped to recruit players from major junior and university by giving them an opportunity to play locally and not re-locate to professional leagues in Europe or the United States. The league's champion won the Alexander Cup. Team budgets were set at $450,000 CAD and rosters were limited to a maximum of six import players.
The first league champion was the Saint John Scorpions, coached by Yvon Vautour, who won the Alexander Cup by defeating the Dartmouth Destroyers in four games. In June 2006 the Cape Breton Crush folded leaving the league with just three teams. Soon after that the league itself shut down.

## Teams

The charter franchises of the league were:
* Cape Breton Crush
* Dartmouth Destroyers
* Saint John Scorpions
* Summerside IceFox
# Burnt Tree, Virginia

Burnt Tree is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Virginia, United States.
# Frederick Sydney Parry

Sir Frederick Sydney Parry, KBE, CB (5 June 1861 – 22 May 1941) was a senior British civil servant, serving as deputy chairman of the Board of Customs from 1904 to 1909, and of the Board of Customs and Excise from 1909 to 1925
Born on 5 June 1861, the second son of E. Parry, Bishop Suffragan of Dover, Frederick Sydney Parry was educated at Winchester and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1885 he was appointed to the Board of Trade, but the next year transferred to the Treasury and became in 1888 assistant private secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, which post he retained until 1892. From 1897 to 1892 he was private secretary to the First Lord of the Treasury. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list on 26 June 1902, and in July that year was appointed a private secretary to the new Prime Minister, Alfred Balfour. Only three months later, he transferred to the Treasury, where he had been promoted to Principal Clerk.
He was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1925.
Parry married a daughter of Dean Fremantle, of Ripon, and had a son, Admiral Sir William Edward Parry KCB and a daughter, Katherine (born 1895).
Parry died at Hove on 22 May 1941.
# CJEC-FM

CJEC-FM (91.9 MHz) is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Quebec City, Quebec.
Owned and operated by Leclerc Communication, it broadcasts on 91.9 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 13,910 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 31,000 watts (class C1). The station's transmitter is located at Mount Bélair. The station was licensed by the CRTC in 2002.
The station has a modern adult contemporary format. Until May 2012, it was also a part of Cogeco's adult contemporary Rythme FM network of stations across much of Quebec.
On April 30, 2010, then-owner Cogeco announced it would purchase Corus Quebec's radio stations. The sale was approved by the CRTC on December 17, 2010, on the condition that CJEC-FM be sold to another party by December 2011.
On November 9, 2011, Cogeco announced a deal to sell CFEL-FM and CJEC-FM to Leclerc Communication Inc., a broadcaster owned by Jacques Leclerc, a local businessman who owns Laura Secord Chocolates and Biscuits Leclerc. The sale was approved by the CRTC on January 19 and completed on January 31, 2012. The stations were delisted from Cogeco Diffusion's website shortly thereafter. For a time CJEC's website still identified the station as a Cogeco station, which was no longer true; also, the station retained the Rythme FM name and simulcasted most of its networked Rythme FM programming from former sister station CFGL-FM in Montreal. However, on May 21, 2012 at 12 Midnight, Leclerc dropped the Rythme FM branding and adult contemporary programming from CJEC-FM, and began to identify itself as Le 91,9 FM Québec, playing a selection of hot adult contemporary music without use of personalities—the station was relaunched as WKND 91.9 (pronounced on-air as Weekend Radio 91.9) on June 20, 2012, at 6PM. The station has moved away from adult contemporary programming and shifted to modern adult contemporary by adding some alternative rock artists to the playlist.
In April 2020, Leclerc acquired Montreal classical station CJPX-FM, which previously simulcasted CJEC-FM's competitor, CJSQ-FM; in June of that year, that station would flip to an adult contemporary format as WKND 99.5, breaking off the simulcast with CJSQ-FM.
The Rhythme FM branding and format would resurface on August 16, 2021, after Cogeco-owned CFOM-FM changed its branding from "M 102.9".
# Charles Berger

Charles Berger may refer to:
* Heinie Berger (Charles Carl Berger, 1882–1954), Major League Baseball player
* Charles Berger (academic) (died 2018), Professor of Communication at University of California, Davis
* Charles Berger (wrestler) (born 1947), Canadian retired professional wrestler
* Charles M. Berger (1936–2008), American businessman, former Heinz executive
* Charles W. Berger (1936–2016), American politician
# Kevin Slawin

Kevin M. Slawin (born 1961) is an American physician and the founder of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals and the Vanguard Urologic Institute at Memorial Hermann Medical Group. He was also the Director of Urology at Memorial Hermann Hospital. Slawin specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of urologic cancers and robotic surgery. He is also possesses patents related to the advancement of prostate cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment and to the cellular immunotherapy of cancer.

## Education

Slawin graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biochemistry from Columbia University, and gained his medical degree in 1986 from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons. Later, he was awarded a two-year fellowship, from 1992-1994, as an American Foundation of Urologic Disease (AFUD) scholar at Baylor College of Medicine to continue to study the development and treatment of prostate cancer.

## Academic Medical career

Slawin joined the Baylor College of Medicine as Director of The Baylor Prostate Center in 1994, and was appointed the Dan Duncan Family Professor in Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases in 2003, after the well known Houston philanthropist. In 2007, he left the full-time faculty of Baylor to found The Vanguard Urologic Institute, that works on advancing treatment of urologic diseases. Slawin is a pioneer in the development of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy.

## Innovation
### Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy

* Slawin performed the first Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy in the Texas Medical Center in 2001.

### Discoveries

* Slawin is a co-discoverer of -2proPSA (P2PSA), a molecular form of prostate specific antigen, which has been shown to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer screening. A multi-center study supported by the National Cancer Institute verified the ability of proPSA to be a valid marker for early detection of prostate cancer. The -2proPSA, along with free and total PSA, are measured in a new molecular test called the prostate health index (phi) (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) that was FDA-approved in 2012 is now widely available.
* Slawin is co-discoverer of the novel, clipped form of benign PSA, which he named "BPSA".
* Slawin is a co-inventor with David Spencer, PhD, of inducible CD40 (iCD40), a re-engineered dendritic cell receptor protein which allows for the in-vivo activation of the immune system in a specific, controlled manner.
* Slawin is co-inventor of a number of novel technologies related to the enhancement and control of adoptive T cell therapy for cancer and other serious diseases.

## Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Slawin founded Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 2004. He served as Executive Chairman and Chief Medical Officer until 2014. On December 18, 2014, Bellicum completed a successful IPO on the NASDAQ (NASDAQ: BLCM). In 2015, Dr. Slawin transitioned to the roles of Chief Technology Officer, member of the Board of Directors, and a significant shareholder. In 2016, Slawin transitioned out of an operational role at the company. In 2017, Slawin resigned from the Board of Directors.
# General Roos

General Roos may refer to:
* Axel Erik Roos (1684–1765), Swedish Army lieutenant general
* Carl Gustaf Roos (1655–1722), Carolean Swedish Army major general
* Helm Roos (1930–1992), South African Army brigadier general
# Juniperus pinchotii

Juniperus pinchotii, commonly known as Pinchot juniper or redberry juniper, is a species of juniper native to south-western North America, in Mexico: Nuevo León and Coahuila, and in the United States: south-eastern New Mexico, central Texas, and western Oklahoma.
It grows at altitudes between 600 and 2,100 metres (2,000 and 6,900 feet).

## Description

Juniperus pinchotii is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 1–6 metres (3+1⁄2–19+1⁄2 feet) tall, usually multistemmed, and with a dense, rounded crown. The bark is pale gray, exfoliating in thin longitudinal strips, exposing orange brown underneath. The ultimate shoots are 1.1–1.8 millimetres thick. The leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long and 0.5–1.5 mm broad on small shoots, up to 12 mm long on vigorous shoots; they are arranged in alternating whorls of three or opposite pairs. The juvenile leaves, produced on young seedlings only, are needle-like.
The cones are berry-like, with soft resinous flesh, subglobose to ovoid, 5–8 mm (rarely 10 mm) long, orange-red, often with a pale pink waxy bloom, and contain one or two seeds; they are mature in about 12 months from pollination. The male cones are 3–4 mm long, and shed their pollen in fall. It is usually dioecious, with male and female cones on separate plants, but occasional monoecious plants can be found.

### Hybrids

Hybrids with Juniperus coahuilensis are known. They have also occasionally been reported with Juniperus monosperma, but never verified; all claimed hybrids tested have proven not to be. These two are unable to hybridize in nature, being isolated by pollination time (autumn for J. pinchotii, late winter for J. monosperma).
# Asia-Pacific Trade Agreements Database

The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Agreements Database (APTIAD) is a resource for researchers and policymakers in the area of international trade and investment. The online database allows searches in two ways. One relates to the agreements themselves where users can search by agreements, members, key terms, types and scopes of agreements and their status. Another possibility is to search publications relevant to regional integration and trade agreements. For easier use of the database, users can download a glossary of related terms from the website.

## Trade Agreements Database

The Trade Agreements Database component of APTIAD is designed to give researchers and policymakers both an overview of, and easy access to, all the regional and bilateral trade agreements entered into or under negotiation by the countries of the Asia and Pacific region. As of June 2008 there were 136 such agreements, including those agreements that have not been notified to the WTO but for which there is official information readily available, and also those agreements under negotiation for which there has been at least a first formal negotiation round.

## Interactive Trade Indicators

The Interactive Trade Indicators component of APTIAD is designed to help policymakers calculate some of the most commonly used indicators related to trade performance of national economies and/or trade agreements.
The Interactive Trade Indicator Database enables you to select indicators (e.g. export/import value, export/import growth, export/import share, trade share, trade intensity) by country or region, product and year. Export flows are downloaded from UN COMTRADE using World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) for the last 10 years (at present 1998-2007) for selected developed and developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

## Support

The Asia-Pacific Trade Agreements Database (APTIAD) is a product of the Trade and Investment Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

## Related links

* Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade
* United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
* World Trade Organization
* Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
# Geitodoris capensis

Geitodoris capensis is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Discodorididae.
# Secretary for Lands and Works (New South Wales)

The Secretary for Lands and Works was one of the first ministries in the colonial administration of New South Wales following the establishment of responsible government in 1856.

## Role and responsibilities

Under the principles of responsible government, the minister was accountable to parliament not only for the decisions personally made by the minister but was also accountable for the performance of the department. While the first minister Bob Nichols was appointed on 6 June 1856, the department of Lands and Public Works was not formally established until 26 August 1856. The department had three main functions:
* The administration of lands, including the Surveyor General, Chief Commissioner for Crown Lands, Commissioners for reporting Claims to Grants of Land, Commissioners of Crown Lands for the Gold Districts, Botanical Gardens and Domains, Inspectors of Diseased Sheep, Coal Fields and Coal Mines, Church and School Estates.
* The administration of public works which was responsible for railways, roads and electric telegraph; harbours and river navigation, the Civil Engineer (Dry Docks, Cockatoo Island) and the Colonial Architect and
* A Board of Works which oversaw how Treasury funds were spent on public works.
The diversity of the ministers responsibilities included the government flock of Alpacas and Llamas.
In 1859 the ministry was split into the Secretary for Lands and the Secretary for Public Works.

## List of secretaries

| Title | Minister | Party | Ministry | Term start | Term end | Time in office |
| Secretary for Lands and Works | George Nichols | No party | Donaldson | 6 June 1856 | 25 August 1856 | 80 days |
| Secretary for Lands and Works | Terence Murray | No party | Cowper (1) | 25 August 1856 | 2 October 1856 | 38 days |
| Secretary for Lands and Works | John Hay | No party | Parker | 3 October 1856 | 7 September 1857 | 339 days |
| Secretary for Lands and Works | Terence Murray | No party | Cowper (2) | 7 September 1857 | 12 January 1858 | 127 days |
| Secretary for Lands and Works | John Robertson | No party | Cowper (2) | 13 January 1858 | 30 September 1859 | 1 year, 260 days |
# CJEF

CJEF may refer to:
* A former callsign of CJRP-FM
* Combined Joint Expeditionary Force
* Consejería Jurídica del Ejecutivo Federal, the office of the legal counsel to the federal government of Mexico
# Kizh-Pennathur

Kilpennathur is a Panchayat Town in Tiruvanamalai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Kilpennathur is one of the taluks of Tiruvannamalai district and an assembly constituency of Tamil Nadu. The MLA of Kilpennathur assembly constituency is DMK party Mr. K. Pichandi. Vettavalam is the most populous town panchayat in this taluk. Kilpennathur is located a 12.25 degrees latitude and 79.224 degrees longitude. Nearest towns are Avalurpet (north - 10 km), Vettavalam (south - 23 km), Gingee (east - 23 km) and Tiruvannamalai (west - 16 km), and Chennai is about 177 km away.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kilpennathur had a population of 12,504. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Kilpennathur has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 56%. In Kilpennathur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kilpennathur is a Town Panchayat city in district of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu. The Kilpennathur city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Kilpennathur Town Panchayat has population of 13,718 of which 6,902 are males while 6,816 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.
Population of Children with age of 0–6 is 1557 which is 11.35% of total population of Kilpennathur (TP). In Kilpennathur Town Panchayat, Female Sex Ratio is of 988 against state average of 996. Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Kilpennathur is around 951 compared to Tamil Nadu state average of 943. Literacy rate of Kilpennathur city is 80.12% higher than state average of 80.09%. In Kilpennathur, Male literacy is around 88.91% while female literacy rate is 71.27%.
There are approximately 150 houses/huts in the village as of 2020, 95% of which are electrified. The Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Temple about 800 year old temple as indicated by the "Maraya Samburvaraya" inscription.

## Schools

There are two primary government schools - East and West Primary, and three private schools - SAN, Jayam-CBSE and Sastra schools. Government high schools are: Boys Higher Secondary, Girls Higher Secondary, Rajathoppu School. In addition, the Ramu Reddiar High School and Karungali Kuppam are government aided. Jayam-CBSE and Sastra schools also provide high school education. There are two colleges - DIET Kilpennathur (Diploma in Teacher Training) and Jayam College (B. Ed).

## Agriculture

Agriculture is the primary source of employment. Crops grown include tea,various vegetables, fruits and flowers.
# Keyvan

Keyvan may refer to:
* Keyvan, Iran, a village
* Keyvan Rural District, in Iran
* Kayvan, a given name