OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nofei Prat

Nofei Prat (Hebrew: נוֹפֵי פְּרָת, lit. 'Prat Scenes') is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank. Located near Ma'ale Adumim, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2006 around 90 families were living in the settlement. In 2009 about 140 families lived there. Both religious and secular families live in Nofei Prat.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

## History

The village was established in 1992 by a group of settlers from Jerusalem. It was named after the nearby Prat Stream. On the morning after the elections for the thirteenth Knesset and Israeli Labor Party victory and before the transition of power was made, a mixed group of mostly single religious and non-religious students from the Hebrew University drove east from Jerusalem to a barren hilltop with a plan to create a mixed community. They erected a flimsy structure which would later that day be followed by twenty-seven trailers.

## Legal Status

Nofei Prat is widely regarded by the international community as illegal under international law according to the Fourth Geneva Convention (article 49), which prohibits an occupying power from transferring citizens from its own territory to occupied territory. Israel maintains that international conventions relating to occupied land do not apply to the West Bank because they were not under the legitimate sovereignty of any state in the first place. This view was rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
According to the ARIJ, Nofei Prat is located on land confiscated from the Palestinian town of 'Anata. According to Geoffrey Aronson, Nofei Prat was established as a neighborhood of the settlement of Kfar Adumim in order to circumvent a promise not to construct new settlements.

## Transportation

Nofei Prat was one of a number of settlements linked by a road secretly built by settlers in 1995. The road links Anatot to Kfar Adumim, Nofei Prat, and Alon. According to Pinhas Wallerstein, then head of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council, the road was one of a number of secretly built roads under construction in the area. Wallerstein claimed that as council head, he did not need permission to construct roads, but that he would stop construction if the Israel Defense Forces told him to. He also said "What are they going to do, tell us to take the road away? If the road is illegal let them take us to court."

## Design

The settlement's master plan and its first 33 houses were designed by Jerusalem architect Marcy Goldwasser.
# Soner Ergençay

Soner Ergençay (born 25 August 1988 in Urla) is a Turkish professional footballer. He currently plays as left winger for Balıkesirspor in the Turkish Second League. He started his career with Beşiktaş A2 and also played for İstanbulspor and Eyüpspor.
His loan contract will end on 31 May 2011 by his profile in Turkey Football Federation.
# Uğur Işıkal

Uğur Işıkal (born 15 April 1985) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Sancaktepe. He is the son of Mehmet Işıkal, defender of legendary squad of Göztepe.

## Career

He appeared in fifteen Süper Lig matches during the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons with İstanbul B.B.
# Nicotiana sylvestris

Nicotiana sylvestris is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, known by the common names woodland tobacco, flowering tobacco, and South American tobacco. It is a biennial or short-lived perennial plant in the tobacco genus Nicotiana, native to the Andes region in Argentina and Bolivia, in South America.

## Description

It is a tall plant, growing to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) high by 0.5 m (1.6 ft) broad. The leaves are simple, somewhat sticky, with the blade partially surrounding the stem, clasping petiole.
Flowers are produced on many-branched stems. The flowers are tubular, white, borne in racemes held above the foliage. Flowers can be over 7 cm long with a face 2 cm wide. Their intense scent is strongest at night, to attract pollinating moths. Each flower eventually produces a large quantity of small seeds.
This plant is thought to be one of the parents of Nicotiana tabacum, the plant used in modern tobacco production. However, all parts of N. sylvestris can cause discomfort or irritation if consumed.

## Cultivation

Nicotiana sylvestris is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is often planted in gardens for its architectural qualities and highly fragrant flowers. Though a short-lived perennial, in colder zones it is normally grown as a half-hardy annual, sown under glass with heat in early spring, and planted out after the last frosts. In Great Britain, it will only successfully overwinter in more sheltered coastal areas or parts of London where the temperature never falls below −5 °C (23 °F).
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Dysschema sacrifica

Dysschema sacrifica is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae, of the family Erebidae. The species first described by Jacob Hübner in 1831. It is found in Brazil and Uruguay.
In Spanish, this moth is called the mariposa tigre, a name it shares with the butterfly Danaus chrysippus.
# Vrbová nad Váhom

Vrbová nad Váhom (Hungarian: Vágfüzes, Hungarian pronunciation:) is a village and municipality in the Komárno District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia. It lies on the Váh River.

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 111 m (364 ft) and covers an area of 21.696 km$^2$ (8.377 sq mi). It has a population of about 565 people.

## History

In the 9th century, the territory of Vrbová nad Váhom became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 territory of Vrbová nad Váhom once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia. The village was formed in 1968 from parts of Kameničná and Martovce.

## Ethnicity

The village is about 90% Hungarian, 10% Slovak.

## Facilities

The village has a public library, and a football pitch.
# General Hospital Ernakulam

General Hospital Ernakulam is a state-owned hospital, with excellent super speciality facilities for training and treatment in cardiology, ctvs, nephrology, urology along with internal medicine, general surgery in Kochi, India. It is managed as part of the public health system of the government of Kerala. It was founded by the King of the Kochi princely state in 1845 and was handed over to the government of Kerala following independence of India and the following state restructuring. The working system is at par with private sector hospitals setting it a class apart. Ernakulam General Hospital is funded by the state government, and all the services are highly subsidised making it a preferred destination for patients even from Lakshadweep islands of India. Treatment for citizens classified under the Below Poverty Line category is fully subsidised. Most of the government spending on health care schemes are dispensed through the public health system, and for the area under the jurisdiction of the corporation of Kochi, the General Hospital is the prime dispensing outlet for these schemes.
# Qiu Menghuang

Qiu Menghuang (Chinese: 邱孟煌; pinyin: Qiū Mènghuáng, born 12 December 1968), also known as his stage name A Qiu (阿丘), is a Chinese television presenter and blogger.
Qiu Menghuang was born in Shantou, Guangdong Province on 12 December 1968, his parents were both soldiers. Qiu's mother was a Returned Malaysian Chinese. He was admitted to Guangxi Teachers Training College (present-day Nanning Normal University), majoring political economy. After his graduation in 1989, he was assigned to Nanning Cotton Textile Printing and Dyeing Factory, as a political cadre of labor union. In 1992, he became a playwright in Nanning Art Theater.
Qiu joined China Central Television (CCTV) as a television presenter on 21 April, 2003. He had hosted several programs, including Society in the News (社会记录), The Elite (人物新周刊), and Daily stories (天天故事汇).
In November 2019, there were rumors that Qiu had been expelled from CCTV. Qiu denied this.
During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, on 26 February 2020, Qiu posted on Sina Weibo: "Even though the stereotype of 'sick man of Asia' has been shattered for over a century, can we be more gentle and apologetic in our tone, humbly put on some face masks and give a bow to the world and say 'sorry for the mess'?" The tweet was subsequently deleted, however, many Chinese social media users accused Qiu of "betraying China" and "providing a moral basis for the global anti-Chinese behavior". On 4 March, CCTV announced that Qiu had been "completely banned from hosting shows".
# Jürgen Kissner

Jürgen Kissner (German: Jürgen Kißner, 18 August 1942 – 18 May 2019) was a German cyclist. He won the silver medal in the Team pursuit in the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Toshio Kojima

Toshio Kojima (小島 敏男, Kojima Toshio, born November 11, 1939) is a retired Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Kumagaya, Saitama and graduate of Chuo University, he had served in the city assembly of Kumagaya for three terms since 1971 and in the assembly of Saitama Prefecture for four terms since 1983. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1999.
# Kōji Satō (photographer)

Kōji Satō (佐藤 虹児 or 佐藤 虹ニ, Satō Kōji, 1 November 1911 – 30 May 1955) was a renowned Japanese amateur photographer, particularly in the 1930s.
Chōkichi Satō (佐藤 長吉, Satō Chōkichi) was born in Kumagaya, Saitama on 1 November 1911. From the age of thirteen Satō had a Thornton reflex camera; on his graduation from school he took photographs in his free time from his work in a bicycle wholesaler. He was given the nom de guerre Kōji Satō (佐藤 虹児, Satō Kōji) when young.
From 1931 his photographs appeared in Camera and Shashin Geppō, and from 1933 in Shashin Salon. Satō's works were selected for the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1940.
After the war, Satō changed the characters for Kōji from 虹児 to 虹ニ. An energetic and widely exhibited portraitist before and during the war, Satō turned his camera to his parents and his children after the war.
Satō died of tuberculosis on 30 May 1955.
Some of Satō's photographs are in the permanent collection of the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, the Houston Museum of Fine Arts, and Shimane Art Museum.

## Published photographs

* Nihon kindai shashin no seiritsu to tenkai (日本近代写真の成立と展開) / The Founding and Development of Modern Photography in Japan. Tokyo: Tokyo Museum of Photography, 1995. Plate 122: "Man in black cape" (黒マントの男, Kuromanto no otoko), 1937.
* Satō Kōji no shashin (佐藤虹ニの写真) / The Photographs of Koji Sato. N.p.: Kenji Satō, 2001. Captions and text in Japanese and English.
# Isabela Canton

Isabela Canton is a canton of Galápagos Province, Ecuador, consisting of the islands of Isabela Island, Darwin, Fernandina, Wolf, and some minor islets. Isabela is the largest island in the Galápagos, and well known for its beaches, bays and coastal lagoons with a wide variety of plants and birds. The capital of the canton is Puerto Villamil.
Isabela's human population has increased over the years, mainly during the 1970s, but the canton remains the least populated in the province, and among the least populated in Ecuador. Today fishing is the principal economic activity, but ecotourism and the production of handcrafts are becoming increasingly important.
Six volcanoes are found on the island of Isabela, of which two are over 1,700 meters, Wolf and Cerro Azul. The sites most commonly visited by tourists are Punta Garcia, to see the flightless cormorants; Volcán Alcedo for Land Tortoises; Tagus Cove for blue-footed boobies, flightless cormorants, Galápagos penguins, and marine iguanas; and Urbina Bay for sea turtles.
# Saptak

Saptak means "gamut" or "the series of seven notes". It denotes the set of swaras i.e. Shadja (Sa), Rishabha (Ri), Gāndhāra (Ga), Madhyama (Ma), Panchama (Pa), Dhaivat (Dha), Nishada (Ni), Shadja (Sa) which comprise a musical scale in Indian classical music. In Sanskrit, saptak literally means "containing seven" and is derived from the Sanskrit word Sapta which means "seven". The Saptak comprises the Sapta Svaras, i.e. the seven svaras or the seven notes of classical music.
The basic saptak is called the Madhya Saptak (Devanagari: मध्य सप्तक). For notes with lower frequencies, the artist may use the Mandra Saptak (Devanagari: मंद्र सप्तक)', which is an octave lower than the Madhya Saptak. For notes with higher frequencies, the Taar Saptak (Devanagari: तार सप्तक), which is an octave above the Madhya Saptak, is used.
The usual scale of Indian music spans from Sa in the Madhya Saptak to Sa in the higher, Taar Saptak. This inclusion of the first note of the higher saptak makes eight notes instead of the seven in each Saptak.
Generally, a raga involves notes from three saptaks. The notes in the lower saptak are denoted by an apostrophe before the note representation (or a dot below the note representation) and the notes in the upper saptak are denoted by an apostrophe after the note representation (or a dot above the note representation).
For example:
* Mandra Saptak : Ṣ or Ş or 'S
* Madhya Saptak : S
* Taar Saptak : Ṡ or Ŝ or S'
Talking about frequencies of the svaras, the frequencies change for all svaras i.e. Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Komal Ga 288 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 405 Hz, and Komal Ni 432 Hz. Consequently, the Sa after the Ni of 432 Hz has a frequency of 480 Hz i.e. double the Lower saptak Sa, as do all 6 other svaras. Considering the Sa of the Madhya Saptak, the frequencies of the other svaras would be,
# Howden Court Hotel

Howden Court Hotel in Torquay, Devon, is listed on the English Heritage Register as Grade II. It was built in about 1860. Today it is a hotel.
# Steven Xiarhos

Steven G. Xiarhos (born December 8, 1958) is an American politician and retired law enforcement officer. A member of the Republican Party, Xiarhos serves as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 5th Barnstable district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on January 6, 2021.

## Early life and education

Xiarhos was born and raised in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He is Greek American.
He earned an Associate of Science in criminal justice and safety studies from Cape Cod Community College, a Bachelor of Science in criminal justice and law enforcement administration from Northeastern University, and a Master of Science in criminal justice and law enforcement administration from Anna Maria College.

## Career

Xiarhos worked as a police officer in Yarmouth, Massachusetts from 1979 to 2019, retiring as deputy chief. During his career, Xiarhos also worked as a school resource officer, detective, and patrol sergeant. Xiarhos has also been a member of the board of directors of the Massachusetts Iraq and Afghanistan Fallen Heroes Memorial Fund. Xiarhos was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in November 2020 and assumed office on January 6, 2021. In the House, Xiarhos is the ranking member of the State Administration and Regulatory Oversight Joint Committee and Veterans and Federal Affairs Joint Committee.

## Personal life

Xiarhos and his first wife, Lisa, had four children, the oldest was son Nicholas Xiarhos. Nicholas died in Afghanistan while serving in the United States Marine Corps.
# Nar Sher Ali Khan

Nar Sher Ali Khan is a union council of Bagh District, Azad Kashmir.
33°56′N 73°56′E﻿ / ﻿33.933°N 73.933°E﻿ / 33.933; 73.933
* This Azad Kashmir location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Pocket trumpet

The pocket trumpet is a B♭ or C trumpet that is constructed with the tubing wound into a much smaller coil than a standard trumpet, generally with a smaller diameter bell. It is not a standard instrument in a concert band or orchestra and is generally regarded as a novelty. It has been used by soloists in jazz (Don Cherry played the similar pocket cornet) or other ensembles to add flair and variety.

## History

The concept of reducing the brass instrument size without reducing the resonating tube length can be seen in several 19th century models of cornet. Pocket cornets have been constructed since the 1870s.
Pocket trumpets are sometimes played as auxiliary instruments by soloists in jazz and dixieland bands, as well as for some specific studio recording demands. Don Cherry's work with the Ornette Coleman quartet is probably the best known example of pocket trumpet playing.

## Design and properties

Tonal characteristics and playability vary due to differences in design. There are two basic design approaches to pocket trumpets:
* Reduced bell and bore sizes
* Standard bell and bore sizes
Models with reduced bell and bore sizes originated in the 19th century, and usually suffer from poor intonation and severely hindered dynamic and timbral range. Regular trumpet mutes cannot be used since their bells are not a standard size. Models with standard bell and bore sizes originally appeared in the US as late as 1968, mostly following the design of trumpet builder Louis Duda (one-piece hand-hammered "5X" bell, cornet-wound lead pipe, straight-back first valve slide with thumb-throw, fold-back third slide), manufactured by the Benge Trumpet company.

## Standard features

* Bell diameter: 11–13 cm (4.5–5 in)
* Bore: Medium-large 11.7 mm (0.460 in) or large 11.9 mm (0.468 in)
* Height: 17–18 cm (6.5–7 in)
* Length: 24 cm (9.5 in)

## Famous players

"Dirty" Walter A. Kibby II of the band Fishbone uses a pocket trumpet for all live shows and recordings.
Onetime Elevator/French Toast drummer and former Fugazi roadie Jerry Busher plays a pocket trumpet on The Evens' song "Competing With The Till", which is on The Evens' The Odds album.
New Orleans artist Shamarr Allen plays a Kanstul pocket trumpet with a raised bell in most performances.
Donald Eugene Cherry aka Don Cherry, free jazz trumpeter, played on a F. Besson Meha pocket cornet.

## Common manufacturers and models

* TRISTAR TR-05 B♭ (India)
* Cecilio (Mendini) 77-MT B♭ (China)
* CarolBrass Pocket CPT-3000 and CPT-4000 B♭ and C (Taiwan)
* CarolBrass Mini CPT-1000 B♭ and C (Taiwan)
* Taylor Trumpets The Pocket Pro 2 B♭ (UK)
* Taylor Trumpets The Phat Puppy Pocket Flugelhorn (UK)
* Amati ATR 314I B♭ (Czech Republic)
* Stagg 77-MT B♭ (Flemish manufacture sold to the world)
* Jupiter 416 B♭ (Taiwan)
* Benge Colibri B♭ (United States)
* Kanstul CCT-905 B♭ (United States)
* Stomvi Pocket Forte 5009 B♭ (Spain)
* Schagerl PT-200 B♭ (Austria)
* Kühnl & Hoyer “Pocket“ Malte Burba B♭ (Germany)
* Best Brass Artemis B♭ (Japan)
* Brasspire P7 B♭ (Japan)
* Weril EP4072 B♭ (Brazil)
# 1937 Penn State Nittany Lions football team

The 1937 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State College in the 1937 college football season. The team was led by eighth-year head coach Bob Higgins and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Cornell | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | L 19–26 | 6,000 |
| October 2 | Gettysburg | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 32–6 | 8,919 |
| October 9 | Bucknell | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 20–14 | 11,376 |
| October 16 | Lehigh | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 14–7 | 7,660 |
| October 30 | at Syracuse | Archbold StadiumSyracuse, NY (rivalry) | L 13–19 | |
| November 6 | at Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 7–0 | 50,000 |
| November 13 | Maryland | New Beaver FieldState College, PA (rivalry) | W 21–14 | 7,535 |
| November 20 | at No. 1 Pittsburgh | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | L 7–28 | 19,936 |
| HomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Pix (payment system)

Pix is an instant payment platform created and managed by the monetary authority of Brazil, the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB), which enables the quick execution of payments and transfers. Pix was announced in the summer of 2019, and was fully operational on November 16, 2020. The "Pix" brand name and logo were created in-house by the Central Bank of Brazil in 2020. It rapidly became the main payment system in the country and there are studies from other countries to adopt its technology.

## History and usage

The electronic payment project began at the end of 2016, when the Brazil's Central Bank published a report on the project.
Central bank launched Pix in part to spur competition in the country's banking industry. Bloomberg referred to the app as "ubiquitous" in Brazil in October 2021, a year after Pix's release. As of November 2021, it has been reported that the system has already made more than 6 billion transactions totaling to an amount of R$3.75 trillion or about US$682 billion. In 2023, Pix was the main payment system in Brazil, totaling 42 billion transactions.
As of February 2024, Italy is considering a bilateral agreement with Brazil to implement the mechanism.

## Features

The Brazilian instant payment ecosystem (Pix) was created with the aim of reducing cash transactions and offering an alternative to existing payment instruments, such as bank slip or boleto and ATM, as well as being faster and more affordable. The main advantages of Pix are its full-time availability, the speed of transactions using the system, low-cost functionality, convenience, versatility, open environment, and safety.

## Ecosystem

Pix is a structured ecosystem that allows carrying out financial payments and transfers instantly. The BCB is responsible for the management and operation of Pix's operational frameworks: the instant payment System (SPI), which is the only infrastructure for instant payments settlement; as well as the "Transaction Accounts Identifier Directory" (DICT), the database linking Pix keys/aliases and the users' transactional account information.

## Pix aliases and keys

Pix allows instant payment between individuals and among individuals, companies, and government (P2P, P2B, B2B, P2G, and B2G). To perform an instant transfer or payment, the payer will need the receiver's Pix alias or key (the "nickname" used to identify the payee's/receiver's transactional account). For individuals, the keys/aliases can be personal data - such as their CPF number, e-mail address, cell phone number, random keys (a randomly generated UUID), and a QR code (static or dynamic). Companies can use their CNPJ number. Importantly, individuals can create up to five keys for each account they own, while companies can create up to twenty keys; each Pix alias must be associated with only one transactional account; and to pay with Pix it is not necessary to register a Pix alias/key, using the same information that is required to transfer money through other systems of the Brazilian Payment System [pt] (TED and DOC).