OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Wigham Richardson

John Wigham Richardson (7 January 1837 – 15 April 1908) was a British shipbuilder on Tyneside during the late 19th and early 20th century.

## Early life and career

Richardson was born on 7 January 1837, the son of devout Quakers Edward Richardson and Jane Wigham, and grew up in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was educated at Bootham School, York. His nephew, Charles Merz, was a pioneer of electricity distribution in the UK and internationally conceiving the idea of a synchronised electricity grid, now common throughout the world.
Although the family business was in leather tanning, he devoted his life to shipbuilding, learning his skills initially as a draughtsman for Lloyd's Register of Shipping in Liverpool (in 1853) and then as an apprentice to Jonathon Robson, a steam-tug builder in Gateshead (from 1853 to 1856).
In 1860, at the age of just 23, he founded the Neptune Works, often incorrectly referred to as Wigham Richardson, at Walker on Tyne, with a loan of less than £5,000 from his father. This was one of the world's first shipyards to build ships in steel, and the original steam engine on the site also provided electric lighting to the neighbourhood.
The company later merged with Swan Hunter's yard to become Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson in 1903. This Company became the most technically advanced ship building facilities anywhere and built the RMS Mauretania for Cunard which was launched in 1906 and held the Blue Riband as the fastest liner across the Atlantic for 26 years.
True to his Quaker beliefs, John Wigham Richardson cared greatly for the workers in his company and was a founder of the Workers’ Benevolent Trust in the region, a forerunner to the trades’ union movement. In 1890 he became President of North East Coast Institution of Engineers & Shipbuilders. The yard built all sorts of ships, other than warships. However, in his later years, Richardson moved away from the Quaker faith and attended an Anglican church.
Among his many passions was one for sundials. He wrote papers on the construction of sundials which were advanced for their time. His most famous sundial was on the store house at the Neptune shipyard at Walker on Tyne. This is now in the collection of the Tyne and Wear Museums.

## Personal life and death

In 1864, he married Marian Henrietta Thöl, the daughter of a prominent Hamburg businessman, Nicolaus Johann Phillip Thöl, founder of J.P. Thöl & Co Merchants of London. They had seven children, Philip Wigham Richardson (1865–1953), Ernestine (1868–1953), Maurice Wigham (1869–1937), Cecil (1870–1885), Theodora Wigham (1871–1932), George Beigh (1872–1935), Felix Gabriel (1878–1894). He died on 15 April 1908 and is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

## Publications

* Memoirs of John Wigham Richardson, 1837-1908. Glasgow, H. Hopkins, 1911. Digital version at Hathi Trust
# To Catch a Dollar

To Catch a Dollar: Muhammad Yunus Banks on America is a 2010 documentary film directed and produced by Gayle Ferraro about the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner's ongoing campaign against poverty around the world. It touches on the beginnings of the original Grameen Bank in the 1970s, then focuses primarily on the beginnings of Grameen America's work in the US, especially the launch of its first programs in Queens, New York in 2008. The title of the film comes from a clip of Muhammed Yunus speaking in the film: "In a world where you need a dollar to catch a dollar, you need to have something to help the bottom people to lift themselves up."
The film premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. It is expected to open in New York City and Los Angeles in early 2011 and then go into general release in the United States and abroad.

## Summary

The film focuses on the work of Shah Newaz, a long time Grameen Bank manager, and Alethia Mendez, a Grameen America Center Manager, as they undergo the process of successfully establishing the programs of Grameen America in Queens, New York. The film features stories of some of Grameen America's first clients, women below the poverty line working to build businesses such as a hair salon and a bakery. It shows Newez and Mendez working out of a small office and holding group meetings in people's homes, as group meetings are a core element of the Grameen Bank peer lending model.
Yunus, a former Fulbright Scholar from Bangladesh, is known for developing the concept of microcredit, the extension of small loans to entrepreneurs with no collateral to qualify for traditional bank loans. His concept of microcredit and his desire to reduce the number of people living in poverty led to the creation of Grameen Bank to support people within Bangladesh, and then the Grameen Foundation for supporting people internationally. Cofounded by Yunus, Grameen America opened in January 2008 with a mission "to help create a world free of poverty." In June 2010, Grameen America reported that it had disbursed approximately $4.3 million in loans to 2,002 borrowers and had maintained a repayment rate of 99%.
# Gerhard Thiele

Gerhard Paul Julius Thiele (born September 2, 1953) is a German physicist and a former ESA astronaut. He is the father of Die Astronautin candidate Insa Thiele-Eich.

## Early life and education

Born in Heidenheim an der Brenz, he attended the Friedrich-Schiller-Gymnasium in Ludwigsburg. After school he volunteered for the German Navy, serving as Operations/Weapons Officer aboard fast patrol boats. In 1976 he began to study physics at the University of Munich and the University of Heidelberg. He received his doctorate in Heidelberg in 1985 in environmental science.

## Career

From 1986 to 1987 he was a postdoc at Princeton University. In 1988 he was selected for the German astronaut team and began basic training at the DLR. In 1990 he was selected as a backup crew member for the German spacelab mission D-2 (STS-55). During the mission, which took part in April 1993, he worked in the Payload Operations Control Center of DLR at Oberpfaffenhofen as the alternate payload specialist.
In 1996, he was selected by the German Space Agency to receive Space Shuttle Mission Specialist training at NASA. In August 1998, he joined the European Space Agency (ESA), into which the German national team was integrated. In 2000, he completed his only spaceflight, the STS-99 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.
During 2003 and 2004, he trained in Russia as the backup for André Kuipers on the Soyuz TMA-4 mission.
He retired from the European Astronaut Corps in October 2005.
As from 1 April 2010 he became Resident Fellow with the European Space Policy Institute in Vienna, Austria.
Gerhard Thiele has been appointed as the head of ESA's Human Spaceflight and Operations Strategic Planning and Outreach office (HSO-K) effective 1 July 2013.
# Angela Cappetta

Angela Cappetta is an American photographer.

## Early life

Cappetta has Italian heritage and had a multi-generational upbringing in New Haven, Connecticut.

## Photography

In the 1990s, she often got up early in the morning to walk the neighborhood of her home in the Alphabet City area of Manhattan and photograph with a 6x9 format camera. Her work includes diaristic self-portraits.
Cappetta's photographic series "Glendalis" revolves around a Puerto Rican girl named Glendalis, whose family shared multiple floors of a building on Stanton Street. The series follows Glendalis and her family for a decade, beginning in the 1990s when Glendalis was nine years old; it documents milestone events such as Glendalis's Sweet 16 and her cousin's quinceañera. Cappetta has acknowledged parallels between Glendalis's life and her own childhood. In 1999, some of her images were included in the group show Common Boundary at the Center for Photography at Woodstock curated by Sandra S. Phillips. The series was not designed to follow Glendalis from the outset, but that she became the nucleus of the photo series as time went on. Cappetta says the works are not a coming of age. She views them instead as a representation of family, community, and how relationships evolve over time.
Cappetta received a fellowship from the New York Foundation for the Arts in 2000, and completed fellowships at the MacDowell Colony in 2000, 2004 and 2010. Prints from her Glendalis series are held in the collection of the Center for Photography at Woodstock, Kingston, New York, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London (1 print).

## Publications

* Glendalis: the Life and World of a Youngest Daughter. Bologna, Italy: L'Artiere, 2024. ISBN 979-12-80978-19-6. With essays by Luna Lauren Véléz and Cappetta. Edition of 750 copies.
# Michael Ratzon

Michael Ratzon (Hebrew: מיכאל רצון; born 21 September 1952) is an Israeli former politician who briefly served as a member of the Knesset for the Likud in 1996 and again from 2003 until 2006.

## Biography

Born in Petah Tikva, Ratzon gained an LLB and an MA in law from Bar-Ilan University, before working as an attorney.
For the 1992 Knesset elections he was placed 35th on the Likud list, but the party won only 32 seats. However, he entered the Knesset on 10 March 1996 as a replacement for the deceased Ariel Weinstein. Three months later he lost his seat following the May 1996 elections.
For the 2003 elections he was placed 20th on the Likud list, and entered the Knesset when the party won 38 seats. Whilst an MK he served as a member of several committees; the House Committee, the Finance Committee, the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, the Public Petitions Committee, and was a member of the Parliamentary Inquiry Committee for Uncovering Corruption in the Government System. On 5 March 2003 he was appointed Deputy Minister of Industry, Trade and Labour, but was sacked by Ariel Sharon in October 2004 for voting against the Gaza disengagement plan.
Prior to the 2006 elections he was placed 33rd on the Likud list, and lost his seat when the party won only 12 mandates.
During Israel Katz's term as transportation minister, Ratzon was appointed as the chairman of NTA [he], which is responsible for the Tel Aviv Light Rail project.
# Lyra (TV series)

Lyra is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. It stars Shaina Magdayao in the title role. It premiered on April 8, 1996. The series concluded on January 3, 1997 with a total of 200 episodes.

## Cast and characters
### Lead cast

* Shaina Magdayao as Lyra Monteverde

### Supporting cast

* Eula Valdez as Gina Monteverde
* Lolit Solis as Marcia
* Vina Morales as Edene
* German Moreno as Kwaro
* Krista Ranillo as Shayne

## Accolades

Accolades received by Lyra :
| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| 1996 | 10th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Daytime Drama Series | Lyra | Won | |
| 1996 | 10th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best New Female Television Personality | Shaina Magdayao | Won | |
# Llangernyw

Llangernyw ( ) is a rural, mostly Welsh-speaking, village and community in Conwy County Borough, North Wales.

## Overview

At the 2011 census, the community had a population of 1,079 of whom 63.7 percent were Welsh speakers. The comparable figures for the 2001 census were a population of 982, 67 per cent of whom were Welsh speakers. The population of the village itself is around 400.
The village lies on the A548 between Llanrwst and Llanfair Talhaiarn, at the point where the Afon Cledwen, a tributary of the Afon Elwy, is crossed by the main road.
Situated on the outskirts of the village is Hafodunos Hall, a gothic mansion ravaged by fire in 2004, and currently being restored by a private owner.
The name of the village may have its origin in the Cornovii tribe of the West Midlands.
The churchyard of St Digain's parish church in Llangernyw is the site of an ancient yew tree, the Llangernyw Yew, estimated to be around 4,000 years old. This is thought to be the oldest living tree in Europe (see List of longest-living organisms).
Also of note is the Sir Henry Jones Museum, which is dedicated to the life of the philosopher and academic, Henry Jones, who grew up in the village. The museum is his childhood home, a small cottage, which has been preserved internally and externally.
The community includes the villages of Gwytherin and Pandy Tudur, plus the hamlet of Pentre Isaf, and extends up to, and includes part of, Mynydd Hiraethog.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches to the south of Llangernyw Community and has a total population at the 2011 census of 1,435, and includes Pentrefoelas.
# Manica (ant)

Manica is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae. To date it contains seven known species.

## Species

* M. bradleyi Wheeler, 1909
* M. hunteri Wheeler, 1914
* M. invidia Bolton, 1995
* M. parasitica Creighton, 1934
* M. rubida Latreille, 1802
* M. yessensis Azuma, 1973
* †M. andrannae Zharkov et Duboviloff, 2023
# Linden Formation

The Linden Formation is a geologic formation in Tennessee. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
# Merton Park Studios

Merton Park Studios, opened in 1929, was a British film production studio located at Long Lodge, 269 Kingston Road in Merton Park, South London. In the 1940s, it was owned by Piprodia Entertainment, Nikhanj Films and Film Producers Guild.
Many second features were produced at Merton Park, and for a time it was the base of Radio Luxembourg. Unlike many other studios, it remained open during World War II, producing films for the Ministry of Information. In the late 1940s, the studios produced several children's films.
In 1950, Anglo-Amalgamated began making films at Merton Park. From 1957 to 1959, they produced an average of one second-feature a month there. They produced the crime series Scotland Yard (1953 to 1961, 39 half-hour features), The Edgar Wallace Mysteries (1960 to 1965, 47 hour-long features) and The Scales of Justice (1962 to 1967, 13 half-hour features) at Merton Park. The first film in the Carry On series, Carry On Sergeant (1958), was shot there. The last film made at Merton Park, in March 1967, was from The Scales of Justice series, called Payment in Kind.
The director Ken Hughes made his early films at Merton Park in the 1950s, and the blacklisted American director Joseph Losey made his first British movies there under pseudonyms. Amongst those apprenticed for a time at the studio were the composer David Fanshawe, who trained as a film editor, and director Michael Winner.
The actor/author Stanley Morgan has a number of pages dedicated to the Merton Park films he starred in.
After closing, the site was re-developed for housing and the sound stages were demolished. However, Long Lodge, a historic building fronting Kingston Road which served as the studio's administrative headquarters, still exists.
In a 2008 documentary, Remembering Merton Park Studios, actor Clifford Earl presents memories of Merton Park Studios between the 1930s and late 1960s, with producers, directors and film technicians who worked there telling their stories. (Source: Talking Pictures TV)
# Silvie Polášková

Silvie Polášková (born 13 January 1998) is a Czech handball player for DHC Sokol Poruba and the Czech national team.
She represented the Czech Republic at the 2020 European Women's Handball Championship.
# Richard Saul Wurman

Richard Saul Wurman (born March 26, 1935) is an American architect and graphic designer. Wurman has written, designed, and published 90 books and created the TED conferences, the EG Conference, and TEDMED.

## Education and honors

Wurman received both his B.Arch. and M.Arch. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania, completing his graduate degree with honors in 1959.

## Career

Wurman chaired the IDCA Conference in 1972, the First Federal Design assembly in 1973, and the annual American Institute of Architects (AIA) conference in 1976. He created and chaired several conferences, including the TED conferences from 1984 through 2003, TEDMED from 1995 through 2010, and the WWW conference.
He works with Esri and RadicalMedia on comparative cartographic initiatives for mapping urban settings, which is planned to culminate in the creation of a network of live urban observatories around the world.
Wurman supports SENS Research Foundation, a nonprofit biotechnology organization that seeks to repair the damages of aging and extend healthy lifespan.

## Publications

Wurman has written, designed, and published nearly a hundred books on varying topics, including Notebooks and Drawings of Louis I. Kahn (1963) and What Will Be Has Always Been (1986), a collection of words by Louis Kahn. Wurman's map-oriented and infographic guidebooks include the Access travel series (starting with Access/LA in 1980), several books on healthcare, Understanding USA (1999). Information Anxiety (1989) and its second edition (2000). His books about information architecture and information design include Information Architects (1996) and UnderstandingUnderstanding (2017).

## Awards

He was awarded the Arthur Spayed Brooks Gold Medal, several honorary doctorates, a Graham fellowship, a Guggenheim fellowship, numerous federal National Endowment for the Arts grants, and has served as a distinguished professor at Northeastern University. He is a recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, an Annual Gold Medal from Trinity College, Dublin, a Gold Medal from AIGA, and Boston Science Museum's 50th Annual Bradford Washburn Award in 2014. He is also an American Institute of Architects fellow and member of the Art Directors Club of New York hall of fame.

## Personal life

Wurman lives in Golden Beach, Florida with his wife, novelist Gloria Nagy. They have four children and six grandchildren. He is Jewish.
# Nolichucky Formation

The Nolichucky Formation is a geologic formation in Virginia and Tennessee. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.
# Evergestis placens

Evergestis placens is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866.

## Distribution

It is found on Borneo.
# Gętomie

Gętomie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Morzeszczyn, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Morzeszczyn, 27 km (17 mi) south of Tczew, and 56 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

## History

Gętomie was a private church village of the monastery in Pelplin, administratively located in the Tczew County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of the Polish Crown.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the occupiers carried out expulsions of Poles, whose farms were handed over to German colonists in accordance with the Lebensraum policy.
# Aiud (river)

The Aiud or Aiudul de Sus (Hungarian: Enyed-patak) is a left tributary of the river Mureș in Transylvania, Romania.

## Course and description

It discharges into the Mureș in Aiud. The upper reach is also known as Siloș. Its length is 27 km (17 mi) and its basin size is 182 km$^2$ (70 sq mi).
# Felicity Palmer

Dame Felicity Joan Palmer, DBE (born 6 April 1944), is an English mezzo-soprano and music professor. She sang soprano roles until 1983.
Palmer was born in Cheltenham and educated at Erith Grammar School, now named Erith School. She studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London and under Marianne Schech's guidance at the Munich College for Music and Theatre. In April 1970, she won first prize in the Kathleen Ferrier Memorial Scholarship. She made her operatic debut in 1971 as Dido in Dido and Aeneas with the Kent Opera. In 1973, she made her US debut with the Houston Grand Opera and her Metropolitan Opera debut was in 2000 as Waltraute (Götterdämmerung). Having made her debut with English National Opera (ENO) in 1975, her performance with the company forty years later, as the Countess in The Queen of Spades, was widely applauded and described as 'mesmerising' and 'astonishing'.
Palmer has performed and recorded Gilbert and Sullivan operas, as Katisha in The Mikado for the ENO and the Welsh National Opera (WNO), Dame Carruthers in The Yeomen of the Guard (WNO) and Little Buttercup in H.M.S. Pinafore (WNO). In 1998, she played Widow Begbick in the Lyric Opera of Chicago production of The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny. In 2003, she performed the role of Mrs Lovett in Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd at the Royal Opera House (the only musical the ROH has ever presented). She sang Venus in a 1983 BBC television broadcast of Orphée aux Enfers conducted by Alexander Faris.
Palmer is noted for her interpretation of the role of Madame de Croissy in Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites, which she has sung at the Metropolitan Opera and at the Lyric Opera of Chicago's first ever production of the work. She also sang the role in English with the ENO and recorded it as part of the Chandos "Opera in English" series. Her other commercial recordings include Der fliegende Holländer and 'Love's Old Sweet Song, Victorian and Edwardian Ballads', 1978, The Decca Recording Company:1997,L.P.;Belart,C.D.,(a Polygram Company),0 28946 14902 7:( John Constable on piano).
Her work in contemporary music has included the first Glyndebourne production of Péter Eötvös's opera Love and Other Demons, in the role of Josefa Miranda.
Palmer is a professor at the Royal College of Music in London. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1993 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to music.
She is a first cousin of Barclay Palmer, Olympic athlete and humanities educator and reformer.
# Grainger Formation

The Grainger Formation is a geologic formation in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period.
# Goldau

Goldau is a town in the community of Arth, canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. It lies between the Rigi and Rossberg mountains, and between lakes Zug and Lauerz. Well known attractions include the Natur- und Tierpark Goldau and the Arth-Goldau valley station of the Arth-Rigi Bahn connecting to the Rigi mountain.
Goldau is primarily known in Switzerland for its historic landslide, the "Goldau landslide" (Goldauer Bergsturz) of 1806 which killed 457 people. It is also known for its importance for the Swiss railways network, with Arth-Goldau station forming the intersection between the Gotthard, Lucerne, Zug–Zürich and Pfäffikon lines.

## Goldau landslide

There were numerous historical landslides in Goldau, with a major event, more significant than the 1806 landslide, dated to the 14th century. The toponym itself, first recorded in 1353, refers to the remnants of these landslides, from a dialectal gol, goleten "gravel, rubble, debris".
On September 2, 1806 heavy rains triggered a landslide from the Rossberg which destroyed Goldau and the adjacent villages of Buosingen, Röthen and Lauerz. The landslide comprised 40 million m$^3$ (52 million cu yd) of material, with a mass of 120 million t (132 million short tons; 118 million long tons).
Part of the mass hit Lake Lauerz (which had been created by an even larger landslide in the 14th century), and the resulting tsunami-like displacement wave caused more devastation towards Seewen. The event destroyed 111 houses, 220 barns, and two churches in a disaster area of about 20 km$^2$ (7.7 sq mi), parts of which were covered with debris to a height of 30–70 metres (98–230 ft). It resulted in the confirmed death of 457 people.
The disaster inspired the epic poem Goldau by American writer John Neal in 1818. A museum outside the Natur- und Tierpark exhibits findings and photos of the event.

## Sport

SC Goldau is the city's football club.