# Liverpool Riverside (UK Parliament constituency)

Liverpool Riverside is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Kim Johnson, who is a member of the Labour Party.

## Constituency profile

Liverpool Riverside covers an urban area, many neighbourhoods and households of which are economically deprived on relative and absolute measures. As of the 2024 election, it is the most deprived constituency in England. The latter 20th century economic history of Liverpool cost many jobs, businesses and sources of investment to the city leading to urban blight and the return of widespread generational poverty, not seen since the 19th century. The city's 21st century economic history has been increasing prosperous, seeing growth amongst its financial sector, innovative technology businesses, tourism and entertainment gigs and events. The re-investment has been heightened by heavily used high rise buildings by leading architects, principally the Tate Liverpool and an adjoining block, and publicly funded transport and services improvements.

## History
### Creation

Liverpool Riverside was created in 1983, merging most of the old Liverpool Scotland Exchange and Liverpool Toxteth constituencies. A provisional recommendation by the Boundary Commission was for the name Liverpool Abercromby, dropped during the local consultations, during which an alternative name of Liverpool Cathedrals was also proposed.

### Results of the winning party

The area has been held by the Labour Party since the 1964 election (including predecessor seats); 1983—1997 by Robert Parry (ex-MP for Scotland Exchange, from 1974), 1997—2019 by Louise Ellman, and 2019—date by Kim Johnson. The 2017 result made the seat the 3rd safest seat by percentage of majority.

### Results of other parties

The 2005 general election saw much more than the national average swing (+8.1%) to the Liberal Democrat candidate (compared with 3.4% nationwide), however Labour's candidate won more than double that share of the vote, scoring 57%. In the same election the area was one of several urban seats in which the Green Party retained its deposit by its candidate scoring just over 5% of the vote. The last time until 2017 that the Conservatives fielded a candidate who achieved second place was in 1992. That party took third place in 2015 behind the highest polling to date for any candidate from the Green Party across Merseyside. Despite the Conservatives managing to come second in the seat in 2017, this was significantly overshadowed by the fact Labour won over 84% of the vote and a majority of 35,947 (74.8%), the biggest margin by both popular vote and percentage majority the party has ever won in the seat.

### Turnout

In the 2001 and 2005 general elections it had the lowest turnout of all constituencies of the UK. In a contest where positions of runner-up candidates greatly changed, turnout exceeded 62% in the 2015 election. This slightly increased to 62.9% in 2017, which remains below the average (the 2017 election had a total turnout of 68.8%), but significantly less so than has previously been the case in the constituency.

## Boundaries
### Historic

1983–1997: The City of Liverpool wards of Abercromby, Arundel, Dingle, Everton, Granby, and Vauxhall.
1997–2010: The City of Liverpool wards of Abercromby, Aigburth, Arundel, Dingle, Everton, Granby, Smithdown, and Vauxhall.
2010–2024: The City of Liverpool wards of Central, Greenbank, Kirkdale, Mossley Hill, Princes Park, Sefton Park, Riverside, and St Michael's.

### Current

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the constituency was defined as being composed of the following wards of the City of Liverpool as they existed on 1 December 2020:
* Anfield; Central; Everton; Kirkdale; Princes Park; Riverside.
The seat was subject to significant change, with the transfer of the (former) wards of Greenbank, Mossley Hill and St Michael's to Liverpool Wavertree, offset by the addition of the Anfield and Everton wards from Liverpool Walton.
Liverpool was subject to a comprehensive local government boundary review which came into effect in May 2023. As a result, the new constituency boundaries do not align with the revised ward boundaries. The constituency now comprises the following wards or part wards of the City of Liverpool from the 2024 general election:
* Anfield (most); Brownlow Hill; Canning (most); City Centre North; City Centre South; Dingle; Edge Hill (very small part); Everton East (most); Everton North; Everton West; Festival Gardens (most); Kensington & Fairfield (small part); Kirkdale East; Kirkdale West; Princes Park (most); Toxteth; Tuebrook Breckside Park (part); Vauxhall; Waterfront North; Waterfront South.
The constituency is one of five covering the city of Liverpool. It covers the central area of the city, including famous sights of the city such as the Royal Liver Building and Albert Dock. Neighbourhoods include Aigburth, Canning, Chinatown, Dingle, Kirkdale, Part of Mossley Hill, St Michael's Hamlet, Toxteth and Vauxhall. It contains the University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1983 | Robert Parry | Labour |
| 1997 | Louise Ellman | Labour Co-op |
| October 2019 | Louise Ellman | Independent |
| 2019 | Kim Johnson | Labour |

## Elections
### Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Kim Johnson | 20,039 | 61.9 | −23.2 |
| | Green | Chris Coughlan | 5,246 | 16.2 | +13.8 |
| | Reform UK | Gary Hincks | 3,272 | 10.1 | +7.5 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Rebecca Turner | 1,544 | 4.8 | +2.6 |
| | Conservative | Jane Austin | 1,155 | 3.6 | −4.2 |
| | TUSC | Roger Bannister | 622 | 1.9 | N/A |
| | Liberal | Sean Weaver | 256 | 0.8 | N/A |
| | NHA | Stephen McNally | 247 | 0.8 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,793 | 45.7 | −24.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 32,381 | 44.7 | −15.1 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 71,380 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | -18.5 | |

### Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Kim Johnson | 41,170 | 78.0 | 6.5 |
| | Conservative | Sean Malkeson | 4,127 | 7.8 | 1.9 |
| | Green | Tom Crone | 3,017 | 5.7 | 2.4 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Robert McAllister-Bell | 2,696 | 5.1 | 2.6 |
| | Brexit Party | David Leach | 1,779 | 3.4 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 37,043 | 70.2 | 4.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 52,789 | 65.7 | 2.8 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | 2.4 | |
General election 2017: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Louise Ellman | 40,599 | 84.5 | 17.1 |
| | Conservative | Pamela Hall | 4,652 | 9.7 | 0.1 |
| | Green | Stephanie Pitchers | 1,582 | 3.3 | 8.8 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Tom Sebire | 1,187 | 2.5 | 1.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 35,947 | 74.8 | 19.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,020 | 62.9 | 0.5 |
| | Labour Co-op hold | Labour Co-op hold | Swing | 8.5 | |
General election 2015: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Louise Ellman | 29,835 | 67.4 | 8.1 |
| | Green | Martin Dobson | 5,372 | 12.1 | 8.6 |
| | Conservative | Jackson Ng | 4,245 | 9.6 | 1.3 |
| | UKIP | Joe Chiffers | 2,510 | 5.7 | 4.0 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Paul Childs | 1,719 | 3.9 | 18.8 |
| | TUSC | Tony Mulhearn | 582 | 1.3 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 24,463 | 55.3 | 18.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 44,263 | 62.4 | 10.3 |
| | Labour Co-op hold | Labour Co-op hold | Swing | 0.3 | |
General election 2010: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Louise Ellman | 22,998 | 59.3 | 0.1 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Richard Marbrow | 8,825 | 22.7 | 0.6 |
| | Conservative | Kegang Wu | 4,243 | 10.9 | 1.9 |
| | Green | Tom Crone | 1,355 | 3.5 | 1.7 |
| | BNP | Peter Stafford | 706 | 1.8 | New |
| | UKIP | Patricia Gaskell | 674 | 1.7 | 0.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,173 | 36.6 | 0.5 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,801 | 52.1 | 9.4 |
| | Labour Co-op hold | Labour Co-op hold | Swing | 0.3 | |

### Elections in the 2000s

The turnout compared to the 2001 election had risen by 7.4% to 41.5% (an above average increase). However, this was still the lowest throughout the United Kingdom which averaged 61.3% with a 2.1% increase.
General election 2005: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Louise Ellman | 17,951 | 57.6 | −13.8 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Richard Marbrow | 7,737 | 24.8 | +8.1 |
| | Conservative | Gabrielle J.F. Howatson | 2,843 | 9.1 | +0.7 |
| | Green | Peter A.E. Cranie | 1,707 | 5.5 | New |
| | Socialist Labour | Beth R. Marshall | 498 | 1.6 | New |
| | UKIP | Ann R.F. Irving | 455 | 1.5 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,214 | 32.8 | −21.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 31,191 | 41.5 | +7.4 |
| | Labour Co-op hold | Labour Co-op hold | Swing | | |
In the 2001 election it had a turnout of 34.1% which was the lowest of the United Kingdom. The average turnout in that year was 59.2%.
General election 2001: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Louise Ellman | 18,201 | 71.4 | +1.0 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Richard Marbrow | 4,251 | 16.7 | +3.4 |
| | Conservative | Judith Edwards | 2,142 | 8.4 | −1.1 |
| | Socialist Alliance | Cathy Wilson | 909 | 3.6 | +1.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,950 | 54.7 | −2.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 25,503 | 34.1 | −17.5 |
| | Labour Co-op hold | Labour Co-op hold | Swing | | |

### Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour Co-op | Louise Ellman | 26,858 | 70.4 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Beatrice L. Fraenkel | 5,059 | 13.3 | |
| | Conservative | David G. Sparrow | 3,635 | 9.5 | |
| | Socialist Alternative | Cathy Wilson | 776 | 2.0 | New |
| | Liberal | David W. Green | 594 | 1.6 | New |
| | Referendum | George Skelly | 586 | 1.5 | New |
| | ProLife Alliance | Heather M. Neilson | 277 | 0.7 | New |
| | Multi-Racial Anti-Corruption Alliance | David Braid | 179 | 0.5 | New |
| | Natural Law | Geoffrey Gay | 171 | 0.5 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 21,799 | 57.1 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,135 | 51.6 | |
| | Labour Co-op hold | Labour Co-op hold | Swing | | |
General election 1992: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Robert Parry | 20,550 | 75.9 | +2.7 |
| | Conservative | Andrew Zsigmond | 3,113 | 11.5 | −2.3 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Mohammed Akbar Ali | 2,498 | 9.3 | −2.0 |
| | Green | Lawrence Brown | 738 | 2.7 | New |
| | Natural Law | John D. Collins | 169 | 0.6 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,437 | 64.4 | +5.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 27,068 | 54.6 | −4.7 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +2.5 | |

### Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Robert Parry | 25,505 | 73.2 | +8.3 |
| | Conservative | Stephen Fitzsimmons | 4,816 | 13.8 | −6.0 |
| | SDP | Baldey Singh Chahal | 3,912 | 11.3 | −2.7 |
| | Communist | Katherine Gardner | 601 | 1.7 | +1.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20,689 | 59.4 | +14.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 34,834 | 65.3 | +2.9 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | +7.5 | |
General election 1983: Liverpool Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Robert Parry | 24,978 | 64.9 | −2.0 |
| | Conservative | Thomas Morrison | 7,600 | 19.8 | −0.7 |
| | SDP | Peter Zentner | 5,381 | 14.0 | +3.2 |
| | Communist | John Blevin | 261 | 0.7 | New |
| | Workers Revolutionary | David Latchford | 234 | 0.6 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,378 | 45.1 | −1.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38, 454 | 62.4 | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |