OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)

The Treaty of Indian Springs, also known as the Second Treaty of Indian Springs and the Treaty with the Creeks, is a treaty concluded between the Muscogee and the United States originally on February 12, 1825 with an additional article added on February 14, 1825 at what is now the Indian Springs Hotel Museum.

## Background

The Muscogee and the United States had signed the First Treaty of Indian Springs in 1821, under which the former ceded their territory east of the Flint River to Georgia. In exchange, the federal government of the United States paid them $200,000 in installments and assumed their debts to the Georgian people.
In December 1824, the American envoys Duncan Campbell and James Meriwether tried and failed to secure a treaty that would see the Muscogee cede their territory east of the Mississippi River to the United States.

## The treaty

The treaty that was agreed was negotiated with six chiefs of the Lower Creek, led by William McIntosh. McIntosh agreed to cede all Muscogee lands east of the Chattahoochee River, including the sacred Ocmulgee National Monument, to Georgia and Alabama, and accepted relocation west of the Mississippi River to an equivalent parcel of land along the Arkansas River. In compensation for the move to unimproved land, and to aid in obtaining supplies, the Muscogee nation would receive $200,000 paid in decreasing installments over a period of years.

## Aftermath

The United States Senate ratified the treaty on March 7 by a margin of one vote.
The treaty was popular with Georgians, who reelected George Troup governor in the state's first popular election in 1825. It was signed by only six chiefs; the Creek National Council denounced it, ordering the execution of McIntosh and the other Muscogee signatories, as it was a capital crime to alienate tribal land. On April 29, the Upper Creek chief Menawa took 200 warriors to attack McIntosh at his plantation (McIntosh Reserve) on the Chattahoochee River in present-day Carroll County, Georgia. They killed him and two other signatories, and set fire to the house. Both his sons-in-law, Samuel and Benjamin Hawkins, Jr. were slated for execution; Samuel was hanged but Benjamin escaped and lived for another decade.
A delegation from the Creek National Council, led by chief Opothleyahola, traveled to Washington, D.C., with a petition to the American president John Quincy Adams to have it revoked. They negotiated the 1826 Treaty of Washington, in which the Muscogee surrendered most of the lands sought by Georgia under more generous terms, retaining a small piece of land on the Georgia-Alabama border and the Ocmulgee National Monument. They were, moreover, not required to move west.
Troup refused to recognize the new treaty, and ordered the Muscogee lands surveyed for a land lottery. He began forcibly evicting the Lower Creek. Adams threatened federal intervention, but backed down after Troup mobilized Georgia militia.
# Nymphaea ondinea

Nymphaea ondinea is an aquatic plant in the family Nymphaeaceae native to northwestern Australia.

## Description
### Vegetative characteristics

It is a perennial, tuberous plant with 1–6 oblong, 1.5–2.5 cm long, and 1–2 cm wide tubers. The contractile roots are 1–1.5 mm wide. The plant has floating or submerged leaves. The submerged leaves with undulate leaf margins are 6–24 cm long. The upper surface of the submerged leaves is green, and the lower surface is dark blue. The floating leaves are 7 cm long, and 2 cm wide.

### Generative characteristics

The pink to purple, solitary flower with a terete, 3–6 mm peduncle emerges up to 10–20 cm above water surface. The flowers have four 9–33 mm long sepals. The petals can be absent or present. The androeceum consists of 15–34 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 3–14 carpels.

## Taxonomy

It was first collected in 1921 by C.A. Gardner, but no one preceived that it was a new species. It was first published as Ondinea purpurea Hartog by Hartog in 1970. It was transferred to the genus Nymphaea L. as Nymphaea ondinea Löhne, Wiersema & Borsch published by Cornelia Löhne, John Harry Wiersema, and Thomas Borsch in 2009. The type specimen was collected by W. Leutert North-East of Kalimburu, Kimberley district, Western Australia on the 15th of April 1968. It is placed in Nymphaea subg. Anecphya.

## Ecology

It occurs in sandstone streams.

## Conservation

Nymphaea ondinea is not threatened. However, its subspecies Nymphaea ondinea subsp. petaloidea is classified as a Priority 1: Poorly-known species under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016.

## Cultivation

The attempts to grow Nymphaea ondinea have been met with low levels of success.
# Gary Scavone

Gary Paul Scavone is a computer music researcher and musician.
Scavone is currently an associate professor of music technology at McGill University. Previously, Scavone directed the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics at Stanford University. He, along with Perry Cook, authored the Synthesis Toolkit (STK). After conducting extensive research into the digital modeling of woodwind instruments (the subject of his doctoral dissertation), Scavone turned to the electronic synthesis of such instruments.
Scavone plays saxophone. He studied classical saxophone at the Conservatoire National de Région de Bordeaux, France, with Jean-Marie Londeix in 1989, sponsored by a Fulbright scholarship. In the summers of 1987, 1988 and 1990 he played as a street musician in almost every major European capital together with Dan Gordon.
# John Gordon (sportscaster)

John "Gordo" Gordon (born July 7, 1940) is an American former Major League Baseball radio broadcaster who was best known as the play by play announcer for the Minnesota Twins on the Twins Radio Network and their Metro Affiliate KSTP 1500 AM. He is well known among Twins fans for his intense emotional style of play-calling, and for his trademark call of each Twins home run: "Touch 'em all, _______!" (including the name of the player who hit the home run). This was in marked contrast to the more calm, laid-back style of his longtime broadcast partner Herb Carneal. The two would alternate between play-by-play and commentary, often switching roles midway through games.

## Career

Gordon was born John Gordon Gutowsky in Detroit, Michigan, and began his career in broadcasting with the class-A Spartanburg Phillies in 1965 after earning a degree from Indiana University. In 1970 he left Spartanburg to join the Baltimore Orioles' broadcast team, a job which he left in 1973 to accept a job as the head broadcaster at the University of Virginia where he called basketball and football games. In 1977 he joined the broadcast team for the New York Yankees' AAA affiliate, the Columbus Clippers, and in 1982 he moved up to the Yankees' major league broadcast crew, where he remained through 1986.
Gordon joined the Twins' broadcast crew on WCCO 830 AM as Herb Carneal's partner in 1987, which ended up being a season in which the Twins would go on to defeat the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1987 World Series. He remained with the Twins and started broadcasting alongside former Twin Dan Gladden. His longtime partner Carneal died April 1, 2007, at the age of 83 due to congestive heart failure.
Gordon announced that the 2011 season would be his last as play-by-play announcer for the Twins. The Twins held a ceremony before Gordon's last game to commemorate his years with the organization. At the end of the ceremony, Gordon's long-time broadcast partner Dan Gladden drove Gordon for a lap around the ballpark on a sidecar of a motorcycle. The Twins won Gordon's final game 1-0 on a walk-off hit by Trevor Plouffe. In 2016, he was elected to the Minnesota Twins Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

John has a wife, Nancy, and two grown children. They make their home in Bloomington, MN and are very active supporters of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes.

## Honors

Gordon was inducted into the South Atlantic League Hall of Fame for his work with the Spartanburg Phillies on June 19, 2001, and into the Pavek Museum of Broadcasting Hall of Fame in 2008.

## Filmography

Gordon played fictional Twins broadcaster Wally Holland in the 1994 movie Little Big League.
# Jarkurgan minaret

The minaret of Jarkurgan (Uzbek: Jarqoʻrgʻon minorasi / Жарқўрғон минораси) is a minaret and architectural monument in the village Minor, Jarqoʻrgʻon District, southern Uzbekistan. It was built by Muhammad bin Ali Al-Sarkhasi in 1108-1109 AD, its current height is 21.6 meters and its diameter is 5.4 meters, its original height was 40 meters. It is located in a small village near Termez and is one of the most interesting forms of architecture, characterized by corrugated walls made of brick.
Next to it was a mosque, which has not been preserved. At a height of 20 m, there are brick arches, on which there are Kufic inscriptions.
# 2017 High Country Grizzlies season

The 2017 High Country Grizzlies season was the franchise's inaugural season as a professional indoor football franchise; they are an expansion team of the National Arena League. The Grizzlies were one of eight teams that competed in the NAL for its inaugural 2017 season.
Led by head coach Josh Resignalo, the Grizzlies play their home games at the George M. Holmes Convocation Center on the campus of Appalachian State University.

## Standings

2017 National Arena League standings :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | PCT | PF | PA | GB | STK |
| z – Jacksonville Sharks | 11 | 1 | .917 | 697 | 299 | — | L1 |
| y – Lehigh Valley Steelhawks | 9 | 1 | .900 | 610 | 349 | 1.0 | W7 |
| x – Columbus Lions | 9 | 3 | .750 | 689 | 412 | 2.0 | W6 |
| x – Monterrey Steel | 7 | 4 | .636 | 478 | 364 | 3.5 | W1 |
| High Country Grizzlies | 3 | 7 | .300 | 449 | 484 | 7.0 | L4 |
| Georgia Firebirds | 2 | 9 | .182 | 372 | 576 | 8.5 | L5 |
| Dayton Wolfpack | 0 | 7 | .000 | 125 | 478 | 8.5 | L7 |
| Corpus Christi Rage | 0 | 9 | .000 | 166 | 624 | 9.5 | L9 |
z – clinched home field advantage
y – clinched home playoff game
x – clinched playoff spot

## Schedule
### Regular season

The 2017 regular season schedule was released on December 9, 2016
Key:  Win  Tie  Loss  Bye
All start times are local time
| Week | Day | Date | Kickoff | Opponent | Results | Results | Location |
| Week | Day | Date | Kickoff | Opponent | Score | Record | Location |
| 1 | Saturday | March 18 | 7:00pm | at Georgia Firebirds | W 62–29 | 1–0 | Albany Civic Center |
| 2 | Saturday | March 25 | 7:00pm | Lehigh Valley Steelhawks | L 42–48 | 1–1 | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
| 3 | Saturday | April 1 | 7:00pm | Dayton Wolfpack | W 94–6 | 2–1 | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
| 4 | Sunday | April 9 | 7:00pm | Jacksonville Sharks | L 21–68 | 2–2 | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
| 5 | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE |
| 6 | Saturday | April 22 | 7:00pm | at Columbus Lions | L 44–57 | 2–3 | Columbus Civic Center |
| 7 | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE | BYE |
| 8 | Sunday | May 7 | 7:00pm | Georgia Firebirds | W 47–31 | 3–3 | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
| 9 | Monday | May 15 | 7:05pm | at Dayton Wolfpack | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| 10 | Saturday | May 20 | 7:00pm | Lehigh Valley Steelhawks | L 28–56 | 3–4 | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
| 11 | Saturday | May 27 | 7:00pm | Columbus Lions | L 41–56 | 3–5 | George M. Holmes Convocation Center |
| 12 | Saturday | June 3 | 7:00pm | at Lehigh Valley Steelhawks | L 52–67 | 3–6 | PPL Center |
| 13 | Saturday | June 10 | 7:00pm | at Jacksonville Sharks | L 18–66 | 3–7 | Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena |
| 14 | Friday | June 16 | 7:00pm | at Corpus Christi Rage | Cancelled | Cancelled | American Bank Center |
* ↑ Dayton Wolfpack folded due to not having a home arena; replaced by a travel only team based out of Atlanta
* ↑ Game cancelled by the Rage as the team suspended operations the week prior.
# Sawbridgeworth Town F.C.

Sawbridgeworth Town Football Club is an English football club based in Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire. The club are currently members of the Essex Senior League and play at Crofters End.

## History

The club was founded in 1897 as Sawbridgeworth. In 1924, Sawbridgeworth won the East Herts League, winning the Herts Junior Cup three years later. In 1936, Sawbridgeworth joined the Spartan League. The club entered the Herts County League Division One in the 1953–54 season, but left after only one season, joining the Bishop's Stortford, Stansted & District League and the Hertford & District League.
Sawbridgeworth joined the Essex Olympian League, becoming founder members, in 1966 and were crowned champions in 1971–72. They joined the Essex Senior League in 1976 and changed their name to Sawbridgeworth Town. They achieved their best FA Vase performance in 1980–81 when they reached a third round replay. Sawbridgeworth finished runners-up in the league in 1992–93 and 1994–95. They achieved their best performance in the FA Cup, the first qualifying round, in 2016–17. In 2023, they transferred to the Spartan South Midland League.

## Ground

Upon formation, the club played at Pishiobury Park in the south of the town. Following World War I, moved to Cambridge Road in the north of the town, later being named Crofters End.

## Honours

* East Herts League
** Champions 1923–24
* Essex Olympian League
** Champions 1971–72
* Herts Junior Cup
** Champions 1926–27
* Herts Senior Centenary Trophy
** Champions 1990–91, 1993–94

## Records

* Best FA Cup performance: First qualifying round, 2016–17
* Best FA Vase performance: Third round replay, 1980–81
* Attendance: 610 vs Bishop's Stortford
# Antwerp Citadel

Antwerp Citadel (Spanish: Castillo de Amberes, Dutch: Kasteel van Antwerpen) was a pentagonal bastion fort built to defend and dominate the city of Antwerp in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt. It has been described as "doubtlesse the most matchlesse piece of modern Fortification in the World" and as "one of the most studied urban installations of the sixteenth century".

## History

The citadel was designed by the Italian engineer Francesco Paciotto and built on the orders of the Duke of Alva. Initial construction was completed in 1572. After the Sack of Antwerp (1576) the citizens partially demolished the fortification, but it was reconstructed after the Fall of Antwerp (1585).
The citadel saw action towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars, when it was defended by determined Bonapartists. The Siege of Antwerp (1814) continued for a month after Napoleon's abdication.
After the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Dutch forces remained in control of the citadel until the Siege of Antwerp (1832).
Demolition began in 1874 and was completed in 1881. The site became a new neighbourhood of the city, Zuid, in which the most prominent construction was the new building for the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp.

## Governors of the citadel

In Spanish the title of the governor of the citadel was Castellano de Amberes ("Castellan of Antwerp").
* 1576: Sancho d'Avila
* 1577: Philippe III de Croÿ
* 1587–1596: Don Cristóbal de Mondragón
* 1606-1622: Don Íñigo de Borja
* -1674: Don Pedro Sanpayo.
* 1674-1678: Don Mateo de Villegas.
* 1679–1693: Don Francisco Marcos de Velasco
* 1693-1695: Don Diego Gomez, Marques of Espinosa
* 1695-1700: Don Pedro Alvarez de Vega.
* 1700-: Don Luis de Borja, Marquess of Caracena.
* 1830–1832: David Hendrik Chassé
* Don Fernando de Solís y Vargas de Carvajal, died 1669.
* Don Geronimo de Cobos, died 1643
* Don Diego de Heredia y Arambulo, died 1704
* Don Antonio de Castro y Tello, died 1659
* Don Julian Martinez de la Parra

## Our Lady of the Citadel

In the Sint-Joriskerk there is still a brotherhood called Our Lady of the Citadel (Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van het Kasteel).
# Banco Rugby Club

Banco Rugby Club is an Argentine rugby union club headquartered in the city of Buena Nueva in the Guaymallén Department of Mendoza Province. The team is member of the Unión de Rugby de Cuyo and formerly played in the Torneo del Oeste league.
The club was founded in 1992 by a group of enthusiasts of the game. Club Banco Nación supported the creation of a team, so the recently created club took its name and colors as a tribute to the institution. Although women take part in many social activities at the club, they are not allowed to vote, so presidents can be elected only by male members.
# Krekhiv

Krekhiv (Ukrainian: Крехів, Polish: Krechów) is a village in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast of Ukraine, located within the densely forested Roztochia Upland about 10 km west of Zhovkva and 50 km north of Lviv. It belongs to Zhovkva urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is famous for its Basilian monastery which is a popular pilgrimage site.
The monastery was established in the 16th century by two monks from the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, Joel and Silvester, who settled in nearby caves. Around 1612 or 1618 the owner of Zhovkva, Stanisław Żółkiewski offered the monks land to build their monastery, later surrounded with fortifications during the second half of the 17th century to defend it from roaming Tatar hordes. In the 18th century the monastery's prosperity rose and wooden buildings were replaced with stone ones which stand there today. At the beginning of the 19th century it suffered from the policies of Austrian emperor Joseph, however by the end of the century it was one of the main centers of the rebirth of Ukrainian monasticism.
The hardest time for Krekhiv came with the advent of Soviet occupation in 1939; by 1949 the monastery was closed and many of the monks were martyred in Soviet prisons while others had to live undercover. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the monastery was reopened on 29 August 1990 and the complex has undergone a thorough renovation.
The monastery is known for its miracle working icons of the Mother of God and of St. Nicholas. The largest annual pilgrimage to Krekhiv is held on the Feast of the Translation of St. Nicholas on May 22 (May 9 according to the Julian calendar).
Until 18 July 2020, Krekhiv belonged to Zhovkva Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Zhovkva Raion was merged into Lviv Raion.
# Sukenobu Station

Sukenobu Station (助信駅, Sukenobu-eki) is a railway station in Chūō-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company, Enshū Railway.

## Lines

Sukenobu Station is a station on the Enshū Railway Line and is 2.4 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Shin-Hamamatsu Station.

## Station layout

The station is an elevated station with dual opposed side platforms. It is staffed during daylight hours. The station building has automated ticket machines, and automated turnstiles which accept the NicePass smart card, as well as ET Card, a magnetic card ticketing system.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Enshū Railway Line | for Hamakita and Nishi-Kajima |
| 2 | ■ Enshū Railway Line | for Shin-Hamamatsu |

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Enshū Railway |||||
| Enshū Railway Line |||||
| Hachiman | Hachiman | - | Hikuma | Hikuma |

## Station history

Sukenobu Station was established on December 6, 1909. It was renamed as Enshū-Sukenobu Station (遠州助信駅, Enshū-Sukenobu-eki) in 1926, reverting to its original name and moved from Shinzu-cho (新津町) in 1985. The station building was rebuilt in 1953. All freight operations ceased in 1974. The tracks were elevated, changing from an island platform to an opposed side platform layout, and a new station building was completed in 1985.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 1,324 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

The station is located in a residential area.
# "Buzz!!" The Movie

"Buzz!!" The Movie is the third live VHS released by Japanese rock duo B'z. It was later released on DVD, on March 14, 2001. It received the 1996 Music Video of the Year award at the 10th Japan Gold Disc Awards.

## Track listing

* Blowin'
* Pleasure'95 -Jinsei no Kairaku- (Pleasure'95 ~人生の快楽~)
* Oh! Girl
* Love Me, I Love You
* Time
* Taiyou no Komachi Angel (太陽のKomachi Angel)
* Koi-Gokoro
* Mou Ichidou Kiss Shitakatta (もう一度キスしたかった)
* Don't Leave Me
* Love Phantom
* Negai (ねがい)
* Bad Communication
* Jap The Ripper
* Zero
* Alone
* Hadashi No Megami (裸足の女神)
# Cilodong

Cilodong is a town and an administrative district (kecamatan) within the city of Depok, in the province of West Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 15.38 km$^2$ and had a population of 125,014 at the 2010 Census and 168,200 at the 2020 Census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2023) is 181,410.

## Communities

Cilodong District is sub-divided into five urban communities (kelurahan) listed below with their areas and their officially-estimated populations as at mid 2022, together with their postcodes.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of kelurahan | Area in km$^2$ | Population mid 2022 estimate | Post code |
| 32.76.08.1001 | Sukamaju | 4.36 | 68,569 | 16415 |
| 32.76.08.1002 | Cilodong (town) | 2.19 | 21,284 | 16414 |
| 32.76.08.1003 | Kalibaru | 3.25 | 31,317 | 16414 |
| 32.76.08.1004 | Kalimulya | 3.07 | 21,887 | 16413 |
| 32.76.08.1005 | Jatimulya | 2.52 | 16,044 | 16413 |
| 32.76.08 | Totals | 15.38 | 159,101 $^{(a)}$ | |
Notes: (a) comprising 80,177 males and 78,924 females.
# Sorbian Americans

Sorbian Americans (Upper Sorbian: Serbscy Američenjo, Lower Sorbian: Serbske Amerikanarje) or Wendish Americans are Americans of Sorb/Wend descent. The largest community of Sorbs in the United States is in Texas, with a population of around 588 Sorbs/Wends.

## Notable people

* Arthur Fehr
* John Kilian
* Mato Kósyk
* Bogumił Šwjela
* John Symank
# Jean-Baptiste Peyras-Loustalet

Jean-Baptiste Peyras-Loustalet (born 5 January 1984) is a French rugby union player. Peyras-Loustalet, who is a winger, plays his club rugby for Montpellier after signing from Bayonne. He made his debut for France against Australia on 5 July 2008.
In 2003 Peyras-Loustalet was named as the IRB International U19 Player of the Year.
# Costessey Hall

Costessey Hall (pronounced and sometimes spelt Cossey Hall, also written as Cotesby Hall) was a manor house in Costessey, Norfolk, England, four miles west of Norwich.

## History

The first mention of the hall dates it to circa 1086, when William the Conqueror gave it to Alan Rufus, Earl of Richmond. It was then described as Costessey Manor.
In 1555, Mary I awarded it to Sir Henry Jerningham, for his support for Mary on the contested accession of Lady Jane Grey. It then had 22 sub-manors in Norfolk, plus manors in Hereford and Gloucestershire. Jerningham built a new manor house on the south side of the River Tud flowing through Costessey. The original manor house remained on the north side of the river and is still standing in Costessey Park. It may have been granted to Anne of Cleves by her husband Henry VIII.
From 1826 to 1836, John Chessell Buckler built a Gothic castle for Lord Stafford Jerningham, which was several times larger than the original Tudor hall.

### Demolition

In 1913, the contents of the house were sold, and the hall was left empty. At the start of World War I, it was commandeered by the War Office. In 1919, it was decided to demolish the hall. The house was demolished in 1925. The belfry block by the 18th fairway of the Costessey Park Golf Course is all that remains.