OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mississippi Highway 494

Mississippi Highway 494 (MS 494) is a 22.7-mile-long (36.5 km) state highway connecting Union at MS 15 to MS 19 northwest of Meridian.

## Route description

MS 494 begins about one mile (1.6 km) southeast of downtown Union (but within the town limits) at the MS 15 bypass of the town. It heads southeast through a mix of open fields and woods passing some homes along the way. It passes through the community of Little Rock then generally heads more easterly passing to the north of Duffee. After entering Lauderdale County from Newton County, MS 494 begins to curve back towards the southeast. It enters the community of Schamberville and forms part of the border of the census designated place of Collinsville. Continuing southeast, it heads through Suqualena before ending at MS 19, about equidistant between Collinsville and Nellieburg and about six miles (9.7 km) northwest of Meridian.

## History

A state highway that followed MS 494 was first shown on state highway maps in 1951. The MS 494 appeared along the road by 1955 however references to it dated back to at least 1952. The only change to its routing was when MS 15 was moved to a bypass of Union in 1977, MS 494 was cut back to its current terminus from Old Decatur Road.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Newton | Union | 0.000 | 0.000 | MS 15 / Highway 494 – Newton, Philadelphia | Western terminus |
| Lauderdale | ​ | 22.723 | 36.569 | MS 19 – Philadelphia, Meridian | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Iogi Station

Iogi Station (井荻駅, Iogi-eki) is a railway station on the Seibu Shinjuku Line in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway.

## Lines

Iogi Station Station is served by the 47.5 km Seibu Shinjuku Line from Seibu-Shinjuku in Tokyo to Hon-Kawagoe in Saitama Prefecture.

## Station layout

The station consists of two ground-level side platforms serving two tracks. A third track sits between the two tracks, allowing express trains to pass stopped local trains.

### Platforms

| 1 | Seibu Shinjuku Line | for Tanashi, Tokorozawa, Haijima, and Hon-Kawagoe |
| 2 | Seibu Shinjuku Line | for Takadanobaba and Seibu-Shinjuku |

## History

Iogi Station opened on 16 April 1927. Station numbering was introduced on all Seibu Railway lines during fiscal 2012, with Iogi Station becoming "SS11".

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2013, the station was the 52nd busiest on the Seibu network with an average of 19,863 passengers daily.
The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
| 2009 | 20,080 |
| 2010 | 19,602 |
| 2011 | 19,176 |
| 2012 | 19,456 |
| 2013 | 19,863 |
# Mississippi Highway 504

Mississippi Highway 504 (MS 504) is a state highway in central Mississippi. The route starts at MS 15 south of Newton and travels southeastward. The road turns east at a county road near Garlandville and travels to its eastern terminus at MS 503 in the unincorporated area of Hero. The route was designated around 1956, from MS 15 to MS 503, and has not changed significantly since.

## Route description

The route is located in southern Newton and northern Jasper counties. In 2017, the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) calculated as many as 670 vehicles traveling on MS 504 east of County Road 5044 (CO 5044), and as few as 650 vehicles traveling southeast of Boutwell Road. This is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. MS 504 is legally defined in Mississippi Code § 65-3-3, and all of it is maintained by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT), as part of the Mississippi State Highway System.
MS 504 starts at the three-way junction with MS 15 in Newton County south of the city of Newton. The route begins travelling southeastward, intersecting Boutwell Road, and entering an area of farmland. The road enters a forested area at Nicholson Road and enters Jasper County past the intersection. The road continues southward until it reaches a T-intersection with County Road 24 (CO 24) near Garlandville. MS 504 turns east and begins travelling towards the Jasper–Newton county line. At CO 5044, the route begins travelling southeastward towards its eastern terminus at MS 503 in Hero. The road continues as CO 24, which continues to MS 513.

## History

Around 1956, MS 504 was designated along a paved road from MS 15 to MS 503. Since then, the route has not changed significantly since. In 1995, a project to seal MS 504's pavement from MS 15 to the Newton–Jasper county line began.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Newton | ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | MS 15 – Bay Springs, Newton | Western terminus |
| Jasper | Hero | 6.434 | 10.355 | MS 503 / CR 24 – Hickory, Paulding | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# 2-Iminothiolane

2-Iminothiolane is a cyclic thioimidate compound also known as Traut's reagent. It is a thiolating reagent that reacts with primary amine groups, such as those of amino acids, to form sulfhydryl groups.

## Application

2-Iminothiolane reacts with primary amines efficiently at pH 7 to 9, creating amidine compounds with a sulfhydryl group. Thus it allows for crosslinking or labeling of molecules such as proteins through use of disulfide or thioether conjugation. It was first used to thiolate a subunit of ribosome in E. coli in 1973 by Robert Traut, its namesake, and his colleagues.
It also reacts with aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups at high pH, though at a much slower rate.
# La Bohème (1988 film)

La Bohème (also known as La bohème de Puccini) is a 1988 Italian-French film of an opera directed by Luigi Comencini. It is based on Giacomo Puccini's 1896 opera La bohème. James Conlon conducts the Orchestre National de France.

## Cast

* Barbara Hendricks as Mimì
* Luca Canonici as Rodolfo (dubbed by José Carreras)
* Angela Maria Blasi as Musetta
* Gino Quilico as Marcello
* Francesco Ellero D'Artegna as Colline
* Richard Cowan as Schaunard
* Ciccio Ingrassia as Parpignol (dubbed by Michel Sénéchal)
* Massimo Girotti as Alcindoro
* Mario Maranzana
# Mississippi Highway 548

Mississippi Highway 548 (MS 548) is a highway in western Mississippi. The route starts near Bruce Road, just east of Hermanville, and travels southeastward, before ending at the Claiborne–Copiah county line. It is not connected with the rest of the state highway system. The route was created around 1957, connecting from Mississippi Highway 18 to western Copiah County. The route was removed from maps in 1967, but was restored in 1998, with only a fraction of the route state maintained.

## Route description

The route runs inside Claiborne County, beginning at the start of state maintenance at Old Highway 548 just east of its intersection with Bruce Road. The starting point of the state highway is about four miles (6.4 km) east of Hermanville. The highway heads east, then turns southeastward and travelling through forest. At Shelby Road, it turns south at a T-intersection, then southeastward by farmland. It continues to the Claiborne–Copiah county line, where it ends. The road becomes Old Port Gibson Road after entering Copiah County. It never meets any other state highway.
In 2013, the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) calculated 220 vehicles per day travelled west of Shelby Road. The highway is not included as a part of the National Highway System (NHS). It is legally defined in Mississippi Code § 65-3-3, and is maintained by MDOT as part of the state highway system.

## History

MS 548 first appeared on maps in 1957, as a gravel road from Hermanville to a point northeast of Glancy. Four years later, it was extended onto a local gravel road to Mississippi Highway 28. The locally maintained section was paved by 1962. By 1967, the route was not included on the state highway map. It reappeared in 1998 as a short, paved route starting east of Hermanville to the county line.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Claiborne | ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | Old Highway 548 |
| Claiborne–Copiah county line | ​ | 5.097 | 8.203 | Old Port Gibson Road |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# June Kay Campbell

June Elizabeth Kay Campbell (August 19, 1925 – August 19, 2004) was an American civil rights activist and administrative secretary.

## Early life

June Elizabeth Kay Campbell was born on August 19, 1925, in Wilmington, North Carolina, the seventh child of Dr. John Walcott Kay and Willie Otey Kay. Educated in Raleigh Public Schools, she graduated from Washington Graded and High School in 1944. She later attended classes at Shaw University and North Carolina State University. She married Ralph Campbell Sr. on January 1, 1946. They had four children: Ralph Jr., Mildred, Bill, and Eddie.

## Career and activism

Campbell worked as an administrative secretary at Saint Augustine's College. Campbell and her husband petitioned the Raleigh School Board to allow their children to attend white schools. The board agreed to allow Bill, a younger child, to enroll at the Murphey School, making him the first child to desegregate a school in the city. June took Bill to the Murphey School on his first day of classes on September 7, 1960. The News & Observer photographed the two of them, and she told her son as they entered the school, "Hold your head up high and just count the steps." Campbell accompanied her son to the school multiple times thereafter.
In the early 1960s, partly as a result of their efforts to enroll their children in traditionally segregated schools, June and Ralph began hosting meetings of civil rights activists at their home. Often sitting around an oval-shaped glass-topped table which June had purchased, this group became known as the "Oval Table Gang". Its members strategized to desegregate schools, support black political candidates, and organized protests. June often prepared food for them. The meetings continued until Ralph died in 1983. Bill was later elected Mayor of Atlanta, while Ralph Jr. was elected Auditor of North Carolina.

## Later life

Campbell retired from her secretary job in February 1992 to care for her mother. When Bill ran for office in Atlanta in 1993, she moved there for several months to take care of his home and children while he and his wife campaigned. She returned during his reelection campaign. Campbell also involved herself in several civic organizations after her retirement. She was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in March 2004 and died due to complications stemming from the disease on August 19. The Campbells' oval table was later acquired by the North Carolina Museum of History, and in 2005 June and her husband were inducted into the Raleigh Hall of Fame. Saint Augustine's College named an annual woman's leadership conference in her honor. The North Carolina General Assembly commended her for her work.
# Mississippi Highway 600

Mississippi Highway 600 (MS 600) was a state highway in southern Mississippi. The route started at U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Carriere and traveled eastward. The road crossed from Pearl River County to Hancock County and continued east until it reached MS 603 in Necaise. MS 600 was designated around 1958 from the Pearl River–Hancock county line to MS 603, and it was extended to US 11 by 1960. The route was removed from the state highway system by 1967.

## Route description

As of 1965, the route was located in Pearl River and Hancock counties. MS 600 started at US 11 in Carriere and traveled southeastward. The road turned east at Sycamore Road and crossed the Hobolochitto Creek. It then traveled over Mill Creek near Ceasar Road and through the unincorporated area of Caesar. MS 600 entered Hancock County east of Caesar, and it crossed Hickory Creek east of Anner Road. The route shifted northward until it reached Necaise Anner Road, and it traveled to its eastern terminus at MS 603. The road was maintained by the Mississippi State Highway Commission (MSHC) and Pearl River County, as part of the state highway system.

## History

MS 600 was designated around 1958, as a state-maintained gravel road from the Pearl River–Hancock county line to MS 603 in Necaise. The route was extended west along a county-maintained gravel road around 1960, to US 11 in Carriere in Pearl River County. The highway was removed from the state highway system by 1967, and Hancock County received a $2,700 refund (equivalent to $21,184 in 2023) from the Mississippi State Highway Department (MSHD) for the right of way along MS 600 in 1970. Today, the route in Pearl River County is known as West Union Road, and in Hancock County as Caesar Necaise Road.

## Major intersections

The route is documented as it existed in 1965.
| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Pearl River | Carriere | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 11 | Western terminus |
| Hancock | Necaise | 16.8 | 27.0 | MS 603 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Americans for a Republican Majority

Americans for a Republican Majority (also ARMPAC) was a political action committee formed by former Republican House Majority Leader Tom DeLay and directed by Karl Gallant. On July 7, 2006, ARMPAC reached an agreement with the Federal Election Commission to pay a fine of $115,000 for various violations and to shut down operations. It filed its termination papers on April 24, 2007.

## History

Originally formed by Tom DeLay (R-Texas), Jim Ellis and several of close associates, ARMPAC was created with the goal of electing a Republican majority in the United States Congress for the 2000 elections. The millions of dollars ARMPAC raised were responsible for the success of many Republican candidates, officeholders, and PACs nationwide.
An FEC audit of ARMPAC's activities during the 2002 campaign cycle (January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2002) found failures to report debts, contributions, and assets, as well as a failure to properly separate federal and non-federal spending. On 28 July 2005, the FEC approved enforcement for the matter after accepting the audit. Dani DeLay Ferro, DeLay's daughter and spokeswoman, said the fine and shutdown of ARMPAC were voluntary. In a statement, she said that the audit "concerns highly technical FEC reporting rules, which due to their complexity, the commission has since reformed and simplified".
ARMPAC provided the blueprint for Texans for a Republican Majority (TRMPAC), a state-level PAC founded in Austin by Ellis and DeLay in 2001.

## Payments to relatives

From 2001 to January 31, 2006, ARMPAC paid Christine DeLay (DeLay's wife); Dani DeLay Ferro, and Ferro's Texas firm a total of $350,304 in political consulting fees and expenses.

## Officers and notable members

| Name | Position | Notes |
| Edwin Buckham | Co-founder | |
| James W. Ellis | Executive Director | |
| Red Cavaney | | Former CEO of the American Petroleum Institute |
| John Colyandro | | Later ran Texans for a Republican Majority |
| Tom DeLay | Founder | |
| Karl Gallant | Director | Also helped run Republican Majority Issues Committee |
| Don McGahn | Attorney | Tom DeLay's former attorney. Later was appointed White House Counsel under President Donald Trump. |
| Warren Robold | Fundraiser | |
| Corwin Teltschik | Treasurer | |
# Schwedenlöcher

The Schwedenlöcher is a gorge-like side valley of the Amselgrund near Rathen in Saxon Switzerland.

## History

The deeply incised ravine was formed by the erosion of the soft sandstone. Its course follows the main direction of fissuring in the Elbe sandstone.
Originally the Schwedenlöcher was an undeveloped gorge that was difficult to access and was known as the Blanker Grund. When, during the Thirty Years' War, the village of Rathewalde to the north was destroyed by Swedish soldiers in August 1639, the peasants of the region fled into the wild gorge and carried their possessions to safety. The gorge served as a refuge during later conflicts, such as in 1706 during the Great Nordic War, in 1813 during the Wars of Liberation and in 1945 during the last days of the Second World War.
In the 1780s, the first tracks were made in the Schwedenlöchern in order to extract timber. This is recalled by several dates chiselled into the sandstone (1782, 1784, 1787).
The first touristic development of the gorge occurred comparatively late on. In 1886, at the initiative of the Alpine Club for Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, a walkway was built through the Schwedenlöcher. To build the steps and bridges the gorge had to be artificially widened in places. The new footpath, which linked the well known rock massif of the Bastei with the Amselgrund, was opened on 1 May 1886 on the occasion of the 6th German Geographers' Day. In 1967/68, comprehensive renovation was carried out on the path. This involved the construction of 3.5 tons of steel and 600 concrete slabs. The path has 777 steps and over 20 concrete bridges.
Today the footpath through the Schwedenlöcher is one of the most popular walks in Saxon Switzerland. The Saxon Switzerland National Park authorities estimate that up to 2,000 people per day walk the path during the peak season.

## Rockfalls

The path through the narrow gorge is often threatened by rockfalls from the eroding sandstone and has had to be closed several times.
In May 2012 a tree root broke off a large piece of rock, roughly 10 cubic metres in volume. The falling rock injured seven walkers. The path had to be closed for several days while inspections of the damage and clearance work took place. In February 2013 the gorge was closed again due to the danger of falling rock. For safety reasons in August 2013 an overhanging rock was blown up. The path had to be rerouted past the demolition site and was re-opened in September 2013.

## Climbing rocks

The Schwedenlöcher are part of the Saxon Switzerland Climbing Area. The climbing rock known as the Schwedenturm is next to the path. It was first climbed in 1905 by Rudolf Fehrmann and his brother Arymund.
# Nagarbhavi

Nagarabhavi (also referred to as Nagarbhavi)is a residential area of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located in West Bangalore, Nagarabhavi is located between Mysore Road and Magadi road.
It is surrounded by Vijaynagar on the north, Bangalore University and Chandra Layout on the east, Magadi road on the north and Sir.M.V.Layout on the west, and Kengeri to the south. Nagarabhavi is broadly divided into two areas, called Nagarabhavi 1st stage and Nagarabhavi 2nd stage.
Traditionally known as the home of Bangalore University, the area also has the National Law School of India University, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology and Dr. BR Ambedkar School of Economics.
Nagarabhavi 1st stage comprises the localities of Maruthinagara, Kalyana Nagara, Nagarabhavi Village, Canara bank Colony, Bhairaveshwara Nagar and Moodala Palya.
The nearest metro station are Vijaynagar and Attiguppe. It is near access the Outer Ring Road which makes commute possible.
The BDA (Bengaluru Development Authority?) has divided Nagarabhavi 2nd stage into blocks 1–12. Residential localities like Annapoorneshwari Nagara, Vinayaka Layout, ITI Layout, MPM Layout, NGEF Layout and Papareddy Palya form a part of this area.

## History

In Kannada, the language of a majority of people in the state, Nagarabhavi means "a well of snakes". It is not conclusively known, however, why it is called so. One school of thought is that the name is due to the high number of snakes present in the area. Also, some believe that it is called a "well" because of the surrounding hillocks that are no longer present due to urbanization. Nagarbhavi got its prime importance due to the establishment of Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) in 1973.
# Law on Cooperatives

* This article is part of a series aboutMikhail Gorbachev
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The Law on Cooperatives was a major economic reform implemented in the Soviet Union during General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost reforms. It was implemented in May 1988, allowed for independent worker-owned cooperatives to operate in the Soviet Union, as opposed to just state-owned enterprises, and gave guidelines as to how these cooperatives should be managed. While originally the law imposed high taxes and restrictions on employment, it was eventually revised so as not to discourage activity within the private sector.
# George J. Peters

George Joseph Peters (1924 – March 24, 1945) was a soldier of the United States Army and a recipient of the highest decoration of the United States Armed Forces—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in the final stages of World War II during Operation Varsity.

## Biography

Peters joined the United States Army from his birth city of Cranston, Rhode Island, in 1943, and by March 24, 1945, was serving as a private in Company G, 507th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 17th Airborne Division. On that day, his unit was dropped by parachute across the Rhine river near Flüren, suburb of Wesel, Germany. Immediately upon landing, Peters single-handedly attacked a German machine gun emplacement which was firing on his group. He succeeded in destroying the position despite being mortally wounded during his advance. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eleven months later, on February 8, 1946.
Peters was buried at the Netherlands American Cemetery, in Margraten, the Netherlands.

## Medal of Honor citation

Private Peters' Medal of Honor citation reads:
   Pvt. Peters, a platoon radio operator with Company G, made a descent into Germany near Fluren, east of the Rhine. With 10 others, he landed in a field about 75 yards from a German machinegun supported by riflemen, and was immediately pinned down by heavy, direct fire. The position of the small unit seemed hopeless with men struggling to free themselves of their parachutes in a hail of bullets that cut them off from their nearby equipment bundles, when Pvt. Peters stood up without orders and began a 1-man charge against the hostile emplacement armed only with a rifle and grenades. His single-handed assault immediately drew the enemy fire away from his comrades. He had run halfway to his objective, pitting rifle fire against that of the machinegun, when he was struck and knocked to the ground by a burst. Heroically, he regained his feet and struggled onward. Once more he was torn by bullets, and this time he was unable to rise. With gallant devotion to his self-imposed mission, he crawled directly into the fire that had mortally wounded him until close enough to hurl grenades which knocked out the machinegun, killed 2 of its operators, and drove protecting riflemen from their positions into the safety of a woods. By his intrepidity and supreme sacrifice, Pvt. Peters saved the lives of many of his fellow soldiers and made it possible for them to reach their equipment, organize, and seize their first objective.