OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chandragiri mandal

Chandragiri mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tirupati revenue division and the headquarters are located at Chandragiri.

## History

Chandragiri mandal was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district effective from 4 April 2022 by the Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy-led Government of Andhra Pradesh.

## Geography

The mandal is bounded by Chinnagottigallu, Pulicherla, Ramachandrapuram, Pakala, Penumuru, Vedurukuppam, Tirupati (urban) and Tirupati (rural) mandals.

## Demographics

Religions in Chandragiri mandal (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hindus | Hindus | 93.52% | 93.52% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 5.72% | 5.72% |
| Christians | Christians | 0.41% | 0.41% |
| Others or not stated | Others or not stated | 0.35% | 0.35% |
| Distribution of religions$^{:30,32,34}$ |||||
As per 2011 census, Chandragiri mandal had a total population of 57,286 with 28,334 male population and 28,952 female population with a density of 126/km$^2$. It had a sex ratio of 1022. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 12,534 and 3,489 of the population respectively. It had a literacy rate of 73.99% with 82.14% among males and 66.08% among females.$^{:40–41}$$^{:XXXIII,3,5}$

## Administration

Chandragiri mandal is a part of the Tirupati revenue division. The headquarters are located at Chandragiri. As of 2011 census, the mandal comprises the following 23 villages:$^{:280}$
* Aagrala
* Arepalle
* Bheemavaram
* Chandragiri
* Chinna Rama Puram
* Chintagunta
* Dornakambala
* Ithepalle
* Kalroadpalle
* Kondreddy Khandriga
* Kotala
* Mamandur
* Mittapalem
* Mungilipattukothapalle
* Nagapatla
* Narasingapuram
* Pullaiahgaripalle
* Ramireddipalle
* Panapakam
* Reddivaripalle
* Sanambatla
* Seshapuram
* Thondawada

## Politics

Chandragiri mandal is one of the 7 mandals under Chandragiri Assembly constituency, which in turn is a part of Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency of Andhra Pradesh. As of 1 January 2018, the mandal has 43,010 eligible voters with 21,018 male and 21,992 female voters.$^{:XXXIII}$ Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad is representing the Chandragiri constituency as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, and Daggumalla Prasada Rao is representing the Chittoor constituency as the Member of Parliament (MP) in Lok Sabha.
# Michael Palmer (politician)

Michael Anthony Palmer (born 14 July 1968) is a Singaporean lawyer and former politician who served as Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore between 2011 and 2012. A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Punggol East ward of Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC between 2006 and 2011, and Punggol East SMC between 2011 and 2012.
Palmer announced his resignation as Speaker of Parliament, Member of Parliament for Punggol East SMC and a member of the PAP on 12 December 2012 due to an extra-marital affair with Laura Ong Hui Hoon, Constituency Director of the People's Association (PA) office in Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC.

## Career

Palmer was called to the Singapore Bar in 1995 and joined the law firm Harry Elias Partnership as a legal consultant before becoming a partner in 1998.
In April 2013, Palmer left Harry Elias Partnership and joined the law firm Lawrence Quahe & Woo. The firm was renamed Quahe Woo & Palmer when he joined.

### Political career

Palmer made his political debut in the 2006 general election as part of a five-member PAP team contesting in Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC and won.
Palmer served as Chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee for Defence and Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011, and as Chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee for Home Affairs and Law from 2011 until in resignation in 2012.
Palmer contested in Punggol East SMC during the 2011 general election and won. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Punggol East SMC after defeating Lee Li Lian of the Workers' Party and Desmond Lim of the Singapore Democratic Alliance. Palmer was subsequently nominated by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong for the office of Speaker of Parliament, before being elected by the House on 10 October 2011.

#### Extramarital affair and resignation

Palmer announced his resignation as Speaker of Parliament, Member of Parliament for Punggol East SMC and a member of the PAP on 12 December 2012 due to an extra-marital affair with Laura Ong Hui Hoon, Constituency Director of the People's Association (PA) office in Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC. At a press conference, alongside Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, Palmer admitted he had made "a grave mistake" and that it was "a serious error of judgment". He resigned "in order to avoid further embarrassment". The PA staff member concerned also resigned.
The PAP subsequently lost the by-elections in Punggol East SMC in January 2013 when Lee Li Lian of the Workers' Party—who Palmer had defeated in the 2011 general election, won the seat, defeating the PAP candidate Koh Poh Koon.

### Other roles

Palmer was also Chairman of the National Police Cadet Corps (NPCC) Council. He was replaced by Assistant Commissioner Zuraidah as Covering Chairperson after the scandal.

## Education

Palmer attended St Andrew's Junior School, St Andrew's Secondary School and St Andrew's Junior College before graduating from the University College London in 1992 with a Bachelor of Laws with honours degree.
# The Snow Leopard

The Snow Leopard is a 1978 book by Peter Matthiessen. It is an account of his two-month search for the snow leopard with naturalist George Schaller in the Dolpo region on the Tibetan Plateau in the Himalaya.

## Content

The book recounts the journey of Matthiessen and Schaller in 1973 to Shey Gompa in the inner Dolpo region of Nepal. Schaller's original objective was to compare the mating habits of the Himalayan blue sheep (the bharal) with those of the common sheep of the USA, while for Matthiessen the trip was more of a spiritual exploration. Another aim was to spot the snow leopard, a predator on the bharal and a creature that was seldom seen (it had been glimpsed only twice by Westerners in the previous twenty five years). A third part of the plan was to visit the Crystal Monastery and its Buddhist lama.
The travel aspect of the work is in the tradition of writing by Sir Richard Burton, Sir Henry Morton Stanley, and Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. The nature writing aspect brings echoes of the work of Alexander von Humboldt or Charles Darwin. It also involves a meditation upon inner peace, however, as well as external exploration, in a way that is reminiscent of Basho, Wordsworth or Thoreau. For example, towards the end of the book Matthiessen sits on some rocks and observes "These hard rocks instruct my bones in what my brain could never grasp in the Heart Sutra, that 'form is emptiness and emptiness is form'—the Void, the emptiness of blue-black space, contained in everything."
Matthiessen frequently digresses to remember his wife Deborah Love who had died of cancer prior to the adventure. The book is, therefore, also a meditation upon death, suffering, loss, memory and healing. The memories of Deborah operate with a number of other recursive stylistic traits that play against the linear, outward progress of the journey logged through maps and dates.
Questions of absence and presence play in tandem with the wider question of gaining peace through an acceptance of how the world is rather than desiring phenomena to arise that do not exist.

## Awards and acclaim

The Snow Leopard won the 1979 National Book Award in the category Contemporary Thought and the 1980 National Book Award for Nonfiction (paperback). It has garnered more critical acclaim since then. It has been included in several lists of best travel books including World Hum's ten most celebrated books, Washington Post Book World's Travel Books That Will Take You Far, and National Geographic Traveler's Around the World in 80+ Books.
# JWH-371

JWH-371 ([5-(4-butylphenyl)-1-pentylpyrrol-3-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone) is a synthetic cannabinoid from the naphthoylpyrrole family which acts as an agonist of the CB$_1$ (K$_i$ = 42 ± 1nM) and CB$_2$ (K$_i$ = 64 ± 2nM) receptors, binding ~1.5 times stronger to the CB$_1$ receptor than the CB$_2$ receptor. JWH-371 was first synthesized in 2006 by John W. Huffman and colleagues to examine the nature of ligand binding to the CB$_1$ receptor.

## Legality

In the United States JWH-371 is not federally scheduled, although some states have passed legislation banning the sale, possession, and manufacture of JWH-371.
In Canada, JWH-371 and other naphthoylpyrrole-based cannabinoids are Schedule II controlled substances under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
In the United Kingdom, JWH-371 and other naphthoylpyrrole-based cannabinoids are considered Class B drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
# Nerima-Takanodai Station

Nerima-Takanodai Station (練馬高野台駅, Nerima-Takanodai-eki) is a railway station on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway.

## Lines

Nerima-Takanodai Station is served by the Seibu Ikebukuro Line from Ikebukuro in Tokyo, with some services inter-running via the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line to Shin-Kiba and the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line to Shibuya and onward via the Tokyu Toyoko Line and Minato Mirai Line to Motomachi-Chukagai. Located between Fujimidai and Shakujii-kōen, it is 9.5 km from the Ikebukuro terminus. Only all-stations "Local" services stop at this station.

## Station layout

The station consists of an elevated (third-floor level) island platform serving the two tracks, with an additional outer track on either side for non-stop services. The ticket gates are on the second floor level, and the two exits (North and South) are on the first (ground) floor level. The North exit leads to a forecourt for buses and taxis.

### Platforms

| 1 | Seibu Ikebukuro Line | for Tokorozawa and Hannō |
| 2 | Seibu Ikebukuro Line | for Nerima and Ikebukuro Y Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line for Shin-Kiba F Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line for Shibuya TY Tōkyū Tōyoko Line for Yokohama Minatomirai Line for Motomachi-Chukagai |

## History

The station opened on December 7, 1994. Through services to the Tokyo Metro began on March 26, 1998.
Station numbering was introduced on all Seibu Railway lines during fiscal 2012, with Nerima-Takanodai Station becoming "SI09".
Through-running to and from Yokohama and Motomachi-Chukagai via the Tokyu Toyoko Line and Minatomirai Line commenced on 16 March 2013.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2013, the station was the 40th busiest on the Seibu network with an average of 25,930 passengers daily.
The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
| 2000 | 16,328 |
| 2009 | 24,125 |
| 2010 | 24,310 |
| 2011 | 23,996 |
| 2012 | 25,068 |
| 2013 | 25,930 |
# North Carolina Highway 93

North Carolina Highway 93 (NC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It runs from the Virginia state line to the community of Twin Oaks, entirely in Alleghany County.

## Route description

NC 93 begins at the Virginia state line and goes southeast for 10 miles (16 km) on a curvy road that ends at US 221 just outside of Twin Oaks. It is overlapped with NC Bike Route 4 along the entire length of the route.

## History

Originally established as North Carolina Highway 260 in 1935, it was renumbered in 1940 to match the older Virginia State Route 93. In 1977, NC 93 was rerouted in Piney Creek to its current routing; abandoning Pugh Road and extending NC 113 further north to its current northern terminus.
NC 93 existed two times before it current routing:
* In 1929, it was established as a new road from Pittsboro to Graham; then in 1933 it was extended further to US 70/NC 10. In 1940, it was renumbered as NC 87, with its 1933 extension forming part of NC 54.
* In 1940, NC 93 was established briefly as a connector between Tramway to Jonesboro (community later absorbed by Sanford). It was renumbered to NC 78 in late 1940 when NCDOT decided it was more important to match Virginia instead.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Alleghany County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Piney Creek | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 93 north – Mouth of Wilson | Western terminus; Virginia state line |
| Piney Creek | 0.5 | 0.80 | NC 113 south – Laurel Springs | Northern terminus of NC 113 |
| Twin Oaks | 9.9 | 15.9 | US 221 – Sparta, Jefferson | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# North Dakota Highway 16

North Dakota Highway 16 (ND 16) is a 77.915-mile-long (125.392 km) north–south state highway in the U.S. state of North Dakota. ND 16's southern terminus is at the end of state maintenance south of Golva, and the northern terminus is at ND 68 southeast of Alexander.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Golden Valley | ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | End of state maintenance | Southern terminus |
| Golden Valley | Beach | 16.887 | 27.177 | I-94 | I-94 exit 1 |
| McKenzie | ​ | 77.915 | 125.392 | ND 68 | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# North Dakota Highway 24

North Dakota Highway 24 (ND 24) is a minor north–south highway contained entirely within Sioux County, North Dakota. It runs from one junction with ND 6 east of Selfridge near the South Dakota border to another junction on ND 6 west of Solen.

## Route description

ND 24 begins at an intersection with ND 6 east of Selfridge, just north of the South Dakota–North Dakota state line. From there, it travels east until it meets ND 1806 south of Fort Yates. From there, the two routes run north concurrently, through Fort Yates and alongside the west bank of the Missouri River as part of the Lewis and Clark Trail. Just southwest of Cannon Ball, ND 24 splits from ND 1806 and heads west along the south bank of the Cannonball River, going through Solen, and terminating at an intersection with ND 6 near the unincorporated community of Breien.

## Junctions

The entire route is in Sioux County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Unorganized Territory of Fort Yates | 0.000 | 0.000 | ND 6 – McLaughlin, Selfridge, Mandan | Southern terminus |
| Fort Yates | | | BIA Rd. 3 / Lewis and Clark Trail / Native American Scenic Byway to SD 1806 – Kenel | |
| Cannon Ball | 29.904 | 48.126 | ND 1806 north / Lewis and Clark Trail / Native American Scenic Byway – Cannon Ball, Mandan | Southern terminus of ND 1806 |
| North Sioux | 45.046 | 72.495 | ND 6 – Selfridge, Mandan | Western terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# David Wachs

David Wachs (born July 25, 1980) is an American actor and musician. He was born and raised in Palm Desert, California to parents who were both musicians. He has appeared in several TV shows, including ER, Living with Fran, and Still Standing, as well as in films such as Hotel California (2008), and The Last Hurrah (2009), among others.
# Priyanjali Jain

Priyanjali Jain (born 8 October 1991) is an Indian-born cricketer who plays for the United Arab Emirates women's national cricket team. She is a wicketkeeper batter. She made her Twenty20 International debut against Malaysia women's national cricket team on 22 November 2021.
In October 2022, She was named in UAE's team squads for the Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup.
# Agustín Herrera

Agustín Enrique Herrera Osuna (born 22 March 1985) is a former Mexican professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career
### Santos Laguna

Herrera made his professional debut on January 22, 2006, in a 1–0 loss to Pumas UNAM. He scored his first professional goal on March 4, 2007. He came off the bench to score in the 84th minute, as Santos defeated Monarcas Morelia, 2–1.
Agustin has seen minimal playing time for Santos, often overshadowed by the talent of Vicente Matías Vuoso and Carlos Darwin Quintero. However, he has become a key player for Santos in the CONCACAF Champions League, playing in four games and scoring five goals, including a hat-trick against C.S.D. Municipal.

## Honours

Santos Laguna
* Mexican Primera División: Clausura 2008
Comunicaciones
* Liga Nacional de Guatemala: Apertura 2014, Clausura 2015
Antigua
* Liga Nacional de Guatemala: Apertura 2017, Apertura 2018, Clausura 2019
Mixco
* Primera División de Ascenso: Clausura 2022
Individual
* Liga Nacional de Guatemala Top scorer: Clausura 2017, Clausura 2018, Apertura 2018, Clausura 2019
# African Silences

African Silences is a 1991 book by Peter Matthiessen published by Random House. It recounts journeys through Equatorial Africa to study the situation of elephants and other wildlife and is a meditation upon the natural world and mankind's relationship to it and effect upon it.

## Content

The book recounts two sets of journeys: firstly, trips in the 1970s to Senegal, Gambia, and the Ivory Coast (with the primatologist Gilbert Boese) and secondly a 1986 trip to Gabon and Zaire. In different areas he explored different animals—for example, in Zaire, he was concerned primarily with the Congo peacock. Matthiessen observed that the situation in terms of animal populations and their sustainability was often far worse than anticipated—in certain cases "the animals are so scarce that they have no reality in daily life." The silence of the title refers to the silences caused by the absence of animals on the one hand and the growing absence of verdant forest away from the greater and greater proliferation of human urbanisation.
One element of slight optimism amongst the rather despairing reports of the 'silencing' of nature (which has an echo of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring) is the discussion of moves for an international ban on the ivory trade, which Matthiessen thought were influenced by the study conducted by him in collaboration with the ecologist David Western regarding the population of the forest elephant.
The book also has a political subtext, since Matthiessen also commented on the brutality of certain governments in the region, as well as discussing the environment and the natural world. Certain human groups are described in far more glowing terms, such as the Mbuti pygmies in the Ituri Forest.
# Missouri Route 41

Route 41 is a highway in central Missouri. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 24 in southern Carroll County; its southern terminus is at Interstate 70/U.S. Route 40 west of Boonville, where the road continues south as Route 135.
Route 41 is one of the original state highways. Its original northern terminus was at the Missouri River and its southern terminus was in Marshall. The route east of Marshall was originally Route 20.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Cooper | Boonville Township | 0.00 | 0.00 | I-70 / US 40 / Route 135 south / Santa Fe National Historic Trail east – Columbia, Kansas City, Pilot Grove | Roadways continues as Route 135 |
| Cooper | Boonville Township | 0.10 | 0.16 | Old US 40 / Lewis and Clark Trail east | |
| Saline | Arrow Rock | 12.890 | 20.744 | Main Street (Route 41 Spur) / Route TT | |
| Saline | Marshall Township | 23.157 | 37.268 | Route 240 east – Slater | Southern end of Route 240 overlap |
| Saline | Marshall | 26.9 | 43.3 | Route O – Marshall | Northbound exit southbound entrance |
| Saline | Marshall | 28.117 | 45.250 | US 65 Bus. / Route 240 west / Lewis and Clark Trail west / Santa Fe National Historic Trail to US 65 – Marshall | Northern end of Route 240 overlap |
| Saline | Fairville | 35.246 | 56.723 | Route 122 west / Route NN – Van Meter State Park, Slater | |
| Saline | Miami | 41.027 | 66.027 | Huron Trail (Route 41 Spur) | |
| Carroll | De Witt Township | 45.981 | 73.999 | US 24 / Lewis and Clark Trail – De Witt, Carrollton | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus Incomplete access ||||||
# Missouri Route 51

Route 51 is a highway in southeastern Missouri. Its northern terminus is the Illinois state line near Chester, Illinois; its southern terminus is at the Arkansas state line northwest of Piggott, Arkansas. It continues into Illinois as Illinois Route 150 and it continues into Arkansas as Highway 139.
Route 51 is one of the original 1922 state highways and ran from the Mississippi River to Advance.
Route 51A, a branch route, formerly connected Route 51 with Puxico when Route 51 ended at Advance (at Route 25). Route 51A would become part of the main highway when it was re-routed and extended.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Butler | Gillis Bluff Township | 0.000 | 0.000 | AR 139 south – Pollard | Continuation into Arkansas |
| Butler | Qulin | 7.354 | 11.835 | Route 53 south – Campbell | Southern end of Route 53 overlap |
| Butler | Ash Hill Township | 10.318 | 16.605 | Route 53 north – Poplar Bluff | Northern end of Route 53 overlap |
| Stoddard | Duck Creek Township | 25.713 | 41.381 | US 60 (Future I-57) – Poplar Bluff, Sikeston | |
| Bollinger | Liberty Township | 61.820 | 99.490 | Route 91 south – Advance | |
| Bollinger | Marble Hill | 71.679 | 115.356 | Route 34 west (First Street) | Western end of Route 34 overlap |
| Bollinger | Marble Hill | 72.179 | 116.161 | Route 34 east – Jackson | Eastern end of Route 34 overlap |
| Bollinger | Union Township | 90.011 | 144.859 | Route 72 – Millersville, Fredericktown | |
| Perry | Perryville | 106.127 | 170.795 | I-55 – Cape Girardeau, St. Louis | |
| Perry | Perryville | 108.829 | 175.143 | US 61 (Kingshighway) – Longtown, St. Mary | |
| Mississippi River | Mississippi River | 120.811 | 194.426 | Chester Bridge; Missouri–Illinois state line | Chester Bridge; Missouri–Illinois state line |
| Mississippi River | Mississippi River | 120.811 | 194.426 | IL 150 east – Chester | Continuation into Illinois |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||