# Abadeh

Abadeh (Persian: آباده) is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.
Abadeh is the largest city in the Northern Fars Region (South-Central Iran), which is famed for its carved wood-work, made of the wood of pear and box trees. Sesame oil, castor oil, grain, and various fruits are also produced there. The area is famous for its Abadeh rugs.
The city is closer in road distance to the four provincial capitals of Isfahan (193 km), Yasuj (197 km), Yazd (217 km), and Shahrekord (237 km) compared with the distance to its own provincial capital, Shiraz (260 km).

## History

According to the texts of archaeologists, the settlement in the current area of Abadeh dates back to the first millennium BC. Nomadic Kurdish groups were the first to settle in the plain between Abadeh and Isfahan in the Achaemenid period. Remaining ancient monuments, such as the ancient castle of Izadkhas and Bahram Gur Palace in Surmaq, are proofs of the existence of culture and civilization in this geographical area. Abadeh city has a special position due to its location at the three-way communication between Isfahan, Yazd and Shiraz.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 52,042 in 14,184 households. The following census in 2011 counted 55,758 people in 16,546 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 59,116 people in 18,965 households.

## Geography
### Location

Abadeh is at an elevation of 6,200 feet (1,890 m) in a fertile plain on the high road between Isfahan and Shiraz, 190 kilometres (120 mi) from the former and 270 kilometres (170 mi) from the latter.
Abadeh is in the northernmost point of Fars province. The city is connected to Isfahan province from the north and west, Safacity and Eqlid from the south, and Yazd province from the east. The city is located 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of Shiraz, 670 kilometres (420 mi) south of Tehran, 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Isfahan, and 190 kilometres (120 mi) southwest of Yazd. The geographical area of Abadeh is 6,052 square kilometres (2,337 sq mi), which is about 11% of the total area of the province.

### Climate

Abadeh features an arid climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) with heat and dryness over summer, and cold (extreme at times) and relatively wetter winters, with huge variations between daytime and nighttime throughout the year. The area can experience severely cold weather due to its high elevation.
Climate data for Abadeh, (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1977–2020) Altitude: 2030.0 M :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.6 (70.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 35.0 (95.0) | 38.8 (101.8) | 39.6 (103.3) | 39.3 (102.7) | 36.4 (97.5) | 32.6 (90.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.9 (60.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 32.3 (90.1) | 34.3 (93.7) | 32.9 (91.2) | 29.6 (85.3) | 23.6 (74.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 22.1 (71.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) | 4.9 (40.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 4.4 (39.9) | 14.6 (58.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) | −1.5 (29.3) | 2.0 (35.6) | 6.8 (44.2) | 10.8 (51.4) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.8 (64.0) | 15.8 (60.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 6.4 (43.5) | 1.2 (34.2) | −2.1 (28.2) | 6.7 (44.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −3.0 (26.6) | 2.2 (36.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 10.0 (50.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | −2.2 (28.0) | −9.0 (15.8) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −21.4 (−6.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 21.4 (0.84) | 15.2 (0.60) | 26.5 (1.04) | 19.5 (0.77) | 9.2 (0.36) | 0.9 (0.04) | 0.7 (0.03) | 0.3 (0.01) | 0.2 (0.01) | 3.9 (0.15) | 14.7 (0.58) | 25.7 (1.01) | 138.2 (5.44) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 9.8 (3.9) | 4.1 (1.6) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 5.8 (2.3) | 20.2 (8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.2 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 3 | 20.4 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 7.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 45 | 39 | 36 | 29 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 30 | 44 | 50 | 33 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) | −7.5 (18.5) | −6.2 (20.8) | −2.8 (27.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | −2.2 (28.0) | −0.1 (31.8) | −1.6 (29.1) | −4.3 (24.3) | −4.2 (24.4) | −4.9 (23.2) | −6.5 (20.3) | −4.1 (24.6) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 232 | 237 | 255 | 257 | 307 | 342 | 334 | 340 | 308 | 285 | 231 | 233 | 3,361 |
| Source 1: NOAA NCEI (Snow 1981–2010) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Iran meteorological organization(extremes) ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Abadeh, Altitude: 2030.0 M from: 1977-2010 :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.6 (83.5) | 34.4 (93.9) | 38.8 (101.8) | 39.6 (103.3) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.4 (97.5) | 32.6 (90.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.7 (58.5) | 21.4 (70.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 32.4 (90.3) | 34.2 (93.6) | 33.1 (91.6) | 29.6 (85.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 16.6 (61.9) | 11.6 (52.9) | 21.6 (70.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.6 (18.3) | −3.7 (25.3) | 0.0 (32.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 10.7 (51.3) | 14.7 (58.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 11.4 (52.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | −5.8 (21.6) | 5.5 (42.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −3.0 (26.6) | 2.2 (36.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 10.0 (50.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | −2.2 (28.0) | −9.0 (15.8) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −21.4 (−6.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24.2 (0.95) | 15.3 (0.60) | 25.3 (1.00) | 14.6 (0.57) | 8.9 (0.35) | 1.2 (0.05) | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.4 (0.02) | 0.0 (0.0) | 5.1 (0.20) | 9.4 (0.37) | 32.1 (1.26) | 137 (5.39) |
| Average rainy days | 7.3 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 6.4 | 47.1 |
| Average snowy days | 3.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 7.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 46 | 41 | 36 | 29 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 32 | 43 | 51 | 35 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 233.3 | 238.9 | 256.4 | 254.8 | 312.5 | 344.4 | 336.3 | 338.3 | 311.4 | 287.4 | 237.1 | 226.3 | 3,377.1 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||

## Economy
### Air defense base

In 2012 Iran announced it had started the construction of an air defense site in the city of Abadeh. The site is planned to be the largest in the country and will house 6,000 personnel for a variety of duties, including educational ones.

### Mining

The mines located in this city are:
Esteghlal Abadeh large refractory soil mine is one of the largest producers of this mineral. In addition to the Esteghlal refractory mine, there is also an industrial mine around the city where the raw materials are from tile, ceramic and brick factories in the country.

## Arts and crafts
### Handicrafts

Abadeh woodwork is world famous and its examples are kept in world museums as the best works of art. The carvings of the Marble Palace were made by the artists of this city, such as Master Ahmad Emami. In 2017, the World Council of Handicrafts (WCC) introduced Abadeh as the world city of carving. Monbat Abadeh has 150 active domestic or commercial carving workshops and 5000 carving artists.
Abadeh crafts can be embroidered in cotton. The town also produces Abadeh rugs.
The rugs tend to be based on a cotton warp and have a thin, tightly knotted pile. Most Abadeh rugs are closely cut making them very flat. Although some of the older Abadehs vary in style, many of the new designs are easily recognisable. These new designs, known as Heybatlu consist of a single diamond shaped medallion in the centre with smaller medallions on each corner. The pattern is typically geometrical flowers or animals and the main colours are light reds or burnt orange on top of a dark blue background with strong green details. The corners or borders are generally ivory in colour. Although some Abadeh and Shiraz rugs appear similar Abadeh can normally be differentiated by their higher knot counts as well as the fact that the warp is invariably cotton. The rugs are almost always exclusively medium in size and the KPSI of an average Abadeh is around 90. As always in the rug-world you get what you pay for however in general Abadeh are well made and fairly popular items, particularly in modern interiors or those with a Mediterranean or North African style.

## Transportation

Expressway 65 passes through Abadeh. This situation helps Abadeh to improve its capabilities compared to the neighboring city, Eqlid. Road 78 makes connections from Abadeh to Abarkuh, Yazd Eqlid and Yasuj. It has a junction with Abadeh Shiraz Expressway 24 km south of the city. A road starts from Abadeh Ring Road to Soqad and Semirom, Road 55.
The railroad from Isfahan to Shiraz passes Abadeh and there are train services at Abadeh Railway Station to Shiraz, Esfahan, Tehran and Mashad. Abadeh Airport (OISA) was planned to be built in the mid-1990s.

## Historical monuments

Abadeh historical monuments include Emirate Kolah Farangi, Tymcheh Sarafyan and Khaje tomb, located in the Khoja mountains.

## Sports

Abadeh's main sport is football, as in the rest of the country. The main stadium is Takhti Stadium located in Mo'allem Square. The main team in Abadeh is Behineh Rahbar Abadeh F.C. which is currently playing in Iran Football's 3rd Division after finishing first in Fars Provincial League (FPL) last year. It played in Hazfi Cup 2010-11 reaching the fourth round.

## Education

* Islamic Azad University, Abadeh branch

## Notable people

* Jalal Zolfonun was an Iranian musician
* Mahmoud Zoufonoun was an Iranian-born American musician accomplished in the art of Persian traditional music.
* Hooshmand Aghili is a prominent Iranian singer
* Ruhollah Hosseinian was an Iranian principalist politician.
* Rahmatollah Khosravi is an Iranian politician who was formerly a member of the Iranian Parliament and City Council of Tehran.
* Mojtaba Heidarpanah is an Iranian cartoonist, illustrator, painter, character designer and animator.
* Mahmoud Mohammadi (diplomat) is an Iranian diplomat and politician.
* Soodeh Farokhi is an Iranian-Canadian award-winning entrepreneur recognized for her innovative contributions to the tech industry and her advocacy for diversity and inclusion.
* Seyed Mohammad Torbati researcher of world studies and politics, founder of the Scientific Association of World Studies
* Owrang Khazraei Iranian left-wing poet and speaker in Goethe's Ten Nights
* Bozorg Khazraei Iranian left-wing painter living in the Netherlands - the designer of Goethe's Ten Nights poster
* Iman Islamian bank researcher and deputy of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development
* Mozneb Abadei a poet and Sufi during the Qajar period in Abadeh