OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Verno

Verno (Greek: Βέρνο) or Vitsi (Greek: Βίτσι) is a forested mountain range in the southern part of the Florina and the northeastern part of the Kastoria regional units in Western Macedonia, northern Greece. The elevation of its highest peak is 2,128 m (6,982 ft). It stretches from the village Trivouno in the northwest to Kleisoura in the southeast, over a length of about 30 km (19 mi). The nearest mountains are the Askio to the southeast, the Baba to the north and the northern Pindus to the southwest. It is drained towards the river Sakoulevas (a tributary of the Crna) to the northeast, and towards the Aliakmonas and Lake Kastoria to the southwest.
The nearest towns are Kastoria to the southwest and Florina to the northeast. Mountain villages in the Verno mountains include Trivouno, Polypotamo and Triantafyllia in the north, Makrochori, Vyssinia and Vasileiada in the south and Nymfaio in the east. The Greek National Road 2 (Krystallopigi - Florina - Edessa - Thessaloniki) runs north of the mountains. There is a road to the top of the mountain Vitsi.
# Five freedoms

The Five Freedoms outline five aspects of animal welfare. They were developed in response to a 1965 UK Government report on livestock husbandry, and were formalised in 1979 press statement by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council. They have been adopted internationally and endorsed by professional groups including veterinarians, and organisations including the World Organisation for Animal Health, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

## Current compact

The five freedoms as currently expressed are:
* Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour
* Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area
* Freedom from pain, injury or disease by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment
* Freedom to express (most) normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind
* Freedom from fear and distress by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering

## History

In 1965, the UK government commissioned an investigation, led by Professor Roger Brambell, into the welfare of intensively farmed animals, partly in response to concerns raised in Ruth Harrison's 1964 book, Animal Machines. The Brambell Report stated "An animal should at least have sufficient freedom of movement to be able without difficulty, to turn round, groom Itself, get up, lie down and stretch its limbs". This short recommendation became known as Brambell's Five Freedoms.
As a result of the report, the Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Committee was created to monitor the livestock production sector. In July 1979, this was replaced by the Farm Animal Welfare Council, and by the end of that year, the five freedoms had been codified into the recognisable list format.
Some countries, such as New Zealand, have proposed going further than the five freedoms to "five domains" to include a focus on the mental health of the animal following New Zealand becoming the fifth country to legally recognize animal sentience in 2015. As of 2021, animal sentience was also recognized in Chile, Colombia, Peru, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, and all EU countries.
Companies and countries following the five freedoms frequently utilize their animal welfare standards as a competitive advantage. RSPCA Assured food labeling scheme (formerly Freedom Food) in the United Kingdom is based on the five freedoms. Major New Zealand exporters like Silver Fern Farms and Ziwi Pets highlight their adherence to the five freedoms in their marketing.
# Hollanda luceria

Hollanda is a genus of small ground birds known from fossils found in the Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. Found at Khermeen Tsav, it dates from the late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage), about 75 million years ago. Known only from partial hind limbs, Hollanda has long legs with an unusual configuration of the toes. These indicate that it was a fast-running ground bird, possibly similar to the modern Roadrunner. Its relationships are uncertain. Some studies have found that it was a relatively advanced bird, a member of the Ornithurae, related to birds like Ichthyornis. Other studies have recovered it as a member of the primitive family Songlingornithidae. A more expansive study found it as an enantiornithean. Dinosaur Institute at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County project lead and researcher, Alyssa Bell, named the new species after the Holland family (donors to the project) and the rock band Lucero.
# Daniel Watrous

Daniel E. Watrous was a settler, lawyer, and state politician in Alabama. He served in the Alabama State Senate representing Shelby County, Alabama and Bibb County, Alabama.
He was born in Connecticut. He moved to Alabama from Vermont and became a Whig.
# Panagia (island)

Panagia (Greek: Παναγία, pronounced) is a small uninhabited Greek island off the coast of Paxoi, the lesser of the Ionian Islands. It lies 200 m off the east coast of Paxoi, close to the main town Gaios.
* This Ionian Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Leon W. Russell

Leon W. Russell (born 1949/1950) is an African-American civil rights leader and a human rights executive. He was elected to succeed Roslyn Brock as chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People board of directors on February 18, 2017.

## Professional career

Russell spent nearly four decades as the Director of the Office of Human Rights for Pinellas County in Clearwater, Florida, retiring in 2012. For his contributions to the improvement of equality and equity across the United States, Russell has received numerous civic awards and citations.

## NAACP

Russell has spent over four decades in various leadership capacities with the NAACP. Under his leadership, the NAACP has taken on environmental and climate justice as civil and human rights issues. In 2023, Russell presented Congressman Bennie Thompson with the NAACP Image Award – Chairman's Award. In 2022, Russell presented Samuel L. Jackson with the NAACP Image Award – Chairman's Award. In 2021, He presented Rev. James Lawson with the NAACP Image Award – Chairman's Award. Russell presented the NAACP Image Award – Chairman's Award to congressman John Lewis in 2020. Russell believes in the well-being of America's children, serving on various boards to ensure their rights are protected. He led a campaign, with the assistance of former National presidents of the NAACP, to focus on bringing young adults into the organization to change the mindset of how people view the NAACP. As Chairman of the NAACP National board of directors, Russell is charged with setting policy for the National NAACP President and CEO to implement. He outlined the strategy in 2017. He spent time in Ohio urging young adults to get engaged in the Civil Rights movement.
# Newton's Cove

Newton's Cove is a small cove, 0.5 kilometres (0.3 mi) south of Weymouth, Dorset, England. Overlooking Portland Harbour, the cove is close to Nothe Gardens and the Nothe Fort.

## Modern events

In 2009, a new bridge was constructed over either side of Newtons Road, after the original 73-year-old concrete bridge was demolished. The Dorset County Council had planned to put in ramps on the banks either side of the road. However, a successful campaign by residents and community groups caused the council to find money in the budget to fund a new structure. The new bridge was designed by artist Chris Tipping, who collaborated with the council's engineering and construction teams.
In 2011, Dorset Wildlife Trust organised an event based in the cove as part of their three-year investigation, which is termed the 'Welly Zone'. Staff from Weymouth Sea Life Park and Dorset Wildlife Trust spent two-and-a-half hours logging plant and animal life they found in the inter-tidal area and rockpools on and around the beach in a bid to win protection for the fragile shoreline and shallow water habitats along the Dorset coastline. The results were indications of climate change as various shells were found seemingly expanding their region along the South West coast, whilst presence of Asia native wireweed was also discovered.

## Newton's Cove Coast Protection Scheme

In 2003, a £1.95 million scheme was devised to protect residential property in the area and at the same time safe-guarding and enhancing important local geological environment. Originally damaged from the tide, a new sea wall now provides accessible public right of way.
Landscape architect Enplan, who were inspired by the view across Weymouth Bay of Dorset coast's chalk cliffs, had proposed features that mimic the outline of the facing cliffs of the Bay and the Isle of Portland. The cove's main walls were shaped and curved in two planes and faced in local Portland stone. Afterwards, the area was further enhanced by using architectural lighting and landscape planting to strengthen a contemporary and continental feel for warm summer evening promenading. The judges of the scheme had stated "This scheme represents a vitally important contribution to the defence of the sea wall in Weymouth. But more than that, it is an excellent example of a contemporary promenade with a 'corniche' atmosphere."
The promenade was officially opened on the 29 September 2003 by a local ten year old schoolboy, Joseph Walker of Wyke Regis Jr School, after he won a poetry competition among the local schools. At the opening, he was joined by Weymouth and Portland Mayor Councillor Doug Hollings.
As a result of the scheme's success, Newton's Cove Coast Protection Scheme was a 2004 finalist in the Prime Minister's better public buildings awards.
# Conquest of Santarém

The conquest of Santarém took place on 15 March 1147, when the troops of the Kingdom of Portugal under the leadership of Afonso I of Portugal captured the Taifa of Badajoz city of Santarém (at the time called Shantarin).

## Prelude

On 10 March 1147, King Afonso I of Portugal departed from Coimbra with 250 of his best knights intending to capture the Moorish city of Santarém, a goal that he had previously failed to achieve. The conquest of Santarém was of vital importance to Afonso's strategy; its possession would mean the end of the frequent Moorish attacks on Leiria and would also allow a future attack on Lisbon.
The plan now was to attack the city during the night under cover of darkness, in order to catch the Moorish garrison by surprise. King Afonso had previously sent the Portuguese Mem Ramires to Santarém disguised as a businessman, in order to secretly study the city for the conquest.
After the first day of the journey from Coimbra to Santarém, King Afonso I sent an emissary to Santarém announcing to the Moors that the truce had ended, for which three days' notice was required.

## Fall of Santarém

On the night of 14 March, King Afonso and his army arrived at Santarém and hid ladders in the fields. Before dawn the next morning, 25 knights scaled the walls, killed the Moorish sentries and forced their way to the gate, allowing the main Portuguese army to enter the city. Awakened by the screams of their sentries, the Moors ran from all sides to face the Portuguese attackers in the streets, offering very strong resistance, but ended up being defeated and slaughtered.
By morning the conquest was already complete and Santarém became part of the recently formed Kingdom of Portugal.
One of the attacking knights was Mem Moniz de Gandarei (grandfather of Portuguese politician Martim Machado Pires), who was said to have broken down the city doors with an axe.

## Aftermath

After the conquest of Santarém, Afonso I of Portugal turned his attention to the important Moorish city of Lisbon, which he would conquer in October with the help of a crusader fleet of the Second Crusade who stopped in Portugal while on course to the Holy Land.
The earliest and most detailed source for the conquest of Santarém is the De expugnatione Scalabis.
# Kukatj language

Kukatj, also rendered Gugadj, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. The name Kalibamu has also been assigned to it, although this may be a separate dialect. It is spoken by the Kukatj people. A single speaker was last recorded in 1975.
It has also been referred to as Kukatja, but this is not to be confused with the Kukatja Western Desert Language spoken south of Balgo, Western Australia, or the Luritja dialect of the Western Desert Language, spoken in the Northern Territory also referred to as Kukatja by some.
Other synonyms for Kukatj are Marago, Gudadj, Gudadji, Gugady, Gugatj, Kokatj, Kukatji, Kukatyi, and Konggada.

## Kalibamu

AIATSIS assigns a separate code to Kalibamu (G27), with the synonyms Kukatj, Galimbamu, Galibamu, Golbiri, and Kotanda, although its status is listed as "unconfirmed" as of December 2024. It says that while Galibamu is reported as a separate dialect by Capell (1963) and Tindale, Breen (2006) says that Galibamu appears to be the same as what he calls Kukatj.
It was spoken by the Kalibamu people.

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Peripheral | Peripheral | Laminal | Laminal | Apical | Apical |
| | | Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex |
| Plosive | Plosive | p | k | t̪ | c | t | (ʈ) |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | ŋ | n̪ | ɲ | n | (ɳ) |
| Rhotic | trill | | | | | r | |
| Rhotic | tap | | | | | ɾ | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | | | | l | (ɭ) |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | w | | j | | ɻ |
* Retroflex sounds [ʈ, ɳ, ɭ] occur as a result of alveolar sounds /t, n, l/ following rhotic sounds in the following sequences /-rt-, -rn-, -rl-/.

### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i, iː | | u, uː |
| Mid | | (ə) | |
| Open | | a, aː | |
* /ə/ exists as an underlying vowel within consonant positions.
# Wyoming Highway 435

Wyoming Highway 435 (WYO 435) is a short 0.78-mile-long (1.26 km) Wyoming state road in northeastern Washakie county that serves the Ten Sleep Fishing Hatchery.

## Route description

Wyoming Highway 435 begins at US Route 16 eight miles east of Ten Sleep. From US 16, Highway 435 travels in a southeasterly direction to the Ten Sleep Fish Hatchery. At 0.78 miles, state maintenance of WYO 435 comes to an end before the roadway crosses Ten Sleep Creek and the Fish Hatchery entrance. The hatchery located at milepost 1.17.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Washakie County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 16 | Western terminus of WYO 435 |
| ​ | 0.78 | 1.26 | Old Hwy. 16 | Eastern terminus of WYO 435 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Château Narbonnais

43°35′38″N 1°26′42″E﻿ / ﻿43.594°N 1.445°E﻿ / 43.594; 1.445
The Château Narbonnais was a castle of the Counts of Toulouse on the west side of the city Toulouse. The castle featured prominently in the Cathar wars.

## History

In May 1215, the City of Toulouse surrendered to Simon de Montfort. In September or October 1216, a popular uprising in the city against the occupying forces forced Simon to leave. On 12 September 1217 Raymond VI of Toulouse re-entered the city, trapping Simon de Montfort's wife's family in the Château.
From 13 September 1217 to 22 July 1218, Simon de Montfort besieged the castle again, and on 25 June 1218, he was hit on the head by a stone from a trebuchet, and died.
The castle was dismantled in 1549.

## Description

The castle was dismantled, but depiction of it remains on the Municipal Seal of Toulouse which shows a crenellated castle with three towers
# Cristián Precht Bañados

Cristián Precht Bañados (born 23 September 1940) is a Chilean Catholic former priest, known for his work during the military dictatorship in defense of human rights. He was vicar of the Vicariate of Solidarity between 1976 and 1979. In September 2018, he was laicized for his participation in cases of child sexual abuse.

## Career

Precht gained national recognition in the 1980s when he served as head of the Church's Vicariate of Solidarity human rights group that challenged ex-dictator Augusto Pinochet to end the practice of torture in Chile.
In 1976, Precht was instrumental in the creation of APSI, a Chilean periodical opposed to the Pinochet regime which published until 1995.
He was accused of molesting boys, including those who came to him for confession, while visiting facilities of the Catholic religious institute the Marist Brothers, whom Chilean police have investigated regarding claims of sex abuse at many of the group's facilities.
Precht was suspended from ministry between 2012 and 2017 after being convicted by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. On 12 September 2018, Precht was convicted of sexually abusing minors and adults, and Pope Francis laicized him.
# Alex Tam

Alex Tam Tin-lok, (Chinese: 譚天樂) is a Hong Kong operatic tenor, choral conductor and composer. He is the Chorus Director of Opera Hong Kong, and President of the Aria Academy of Music.

## Biography

Born in Hong Kong, Tam graduated from the Royal Academy of Music (RAM) Opera Course and the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts (HKAPA). He began his music studies at an early age under Chiang Wai Man, and continued under Rosaline Pi, Derek Anthony and Michael Rippon. Tam studied with Joy Mammen and Audrey Hyland at the RAM and he had sung in master classes by Dennis O'Neill and Robert Tear. Tam received the ARAM award from the Royal Academy of Music for he has made a significant contribution to the music profession. In 2018, Tam received the "Outstanding Musician Awards" from the Hong Kong Music and Dance Association.
Tam has performed over 30 operatic roles, including his first major role at the age of 19 as Rinuccio in Puccini's Gianni Schicchi under the baton of Georg Tintner. Other notable operatic roles include Almaviva (The Barber of Seville), Ferrando (Cosi fan Tutte), Nemorino (L'elisir d'amore), Tonio (La Fille du Regiment), Pluto (Orphée aux enfers), Mozart (Korsakov's Mozart and Salieri), Pong (Turandot), Tybalt (Romeo et Juliette) Testo (Monteverdi's Il Combatimentto di Tancredi e Clorinda), Jenik (The Bartered Bride), Goro (Madama Butterfly), Monostatos (The Magic Flute), Remendado (Carmen), Gaston (La Traviata) and many others.
On concert platform, Tam appeared as a soloist in J.S.Bach's 'Mass in B minor' & Mozart's 'Mass in C' with Maestro Helmuth Rilling. In Le French May 2000, Tam was invited to give a duo concert with the French soprano Elizabeth Vidal, and to be one of the soloists in 'The Voices of Light'. Tam has also been invited by the Hong Kong Arts Festival to perform leading roles in Bach's Coffee Cantata and the contemporary chamber opera Heart of Coral composed by Chan Hing Yan in 2002 & 2013 respectively.
Tam has led the Hong Kong Children's Choir as a chorus master in collaboration with the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra to perform 'Symphony with Christmas Angels' in 2011 and Sinfonia antartica by Vaughan Williams in 2013. He is currently the Chorus Director of Opera Hong Kong, Choir Conductor of the HKAPA Choir, voice teacher of the HKAPA and Hong Kong Baptist University; also radio presenter of RTHK Radio 4.

## Others

Tam studied guitar and piano while following his vocal studies, and he frequently appears as a jazz guitarist. He was invited to play the guitar by the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra and the Hong Kong Sinfonietta. In June 2001, he performed with the Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti in Hong Kong. Tam is also active in the pop musical field, composing and arranging for numerous artists and television. His works include orchestral and concert arrangements for Andy Lau, Joey Yung, Hacken Lee, Justin Lo, Sally Yeh, Jeff Cheung and Chris Wong, among others. Tam is a member of Composers and Authors Society of Hong Kong.
# Equestrian at the 1900 Summer Olympics – High jump

The high jump was one of five equestrian competitions held in late May and early June 1900 at the International Horse Show in Paris. The event was part of the Exposition Universelle, and later classified as part of the 1900 Summer Olympics. It is the only Olympic Games to date to feature an equestrian high jump competition. Nineteen competitors entered the high jump competition (similar to the modern puissance), although not all details have been discovered.
Rain earlier on the day of the competition made the ground heavy and slippery, and the competition was close. Gian Giorgio Trissino and Dominique Gardères were joint winners after both cleared 1.85 metres (6 ft 1 in). Competitors were allowed to enter more than once, and Trissino also came fourth on another horse; he also came second in the long jump competition. Georges Van Der Poele, who had finished second in the show jumping competition a few days earlier, was third.

## Background

No equestrian events were held at the first modern Olympics in 1896. Five events, including this one, were featured in 1900. Only the show jumping competition would ever be held again after that; this was the only appearance of the high jump.

## Competition format

Much like the human high jump, competitors received three attempts at each successive height. The bar started at 1.20 metres and increased by 10 centimetres at a time initially, at some point changing to 5 centimetres. Riders could compete more than once on different horses.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| Saturday, 2 June 1900 | 16:30 | Final |

## Results

Little is known of detailed results, though all of the competitors cleared 1.50 metres.
| Rank | Rider | Nation | Horse | Height |
| | Dominique Gardères | France | Canéla | 1.85 |
| | Gian Giorgio Trissino | Italy | Oreste | 1.85 |
| | Georges Van Der Poele | Belgium | Ludlow | 1.70 |
| 4 | Gian Giorgio Trissino | Italy | Mélopo | 1.70 |
| 5–8 | Paul Haëntjens | France | Nell | 1.70 |
| 5–8 | Henri Leclerc | France | Mahomet | 1.70 |
| 5–8 | Napoléon Murat | France | Arcadius | 1.70 |
| 5–8 | Wignolle | France | Sunrise | 1.70 |
| 9–19 |
| 9–19 | Napoléon Murat | France | Bayard | Unknown |
| 9–19 | Hubert Dutech | France | Unknown | Unknown |
| 9–19 | Charles van Langhendonck | Belgium | Black Fly | Unknown |
| 9–19 | Constant van Langhendonck | Belgium | Roxanne | Unknown |
| 9–19 | Gian Giorgio Trissino | Italy | Montebello | Unknown |
| 9–19 | Hermann Mandl | Austria | Unknown | Unknown |
| 9–19 | 5 unknown combinations | 5 unknown combinations | 5 unknown combinations | Unknown |
# Christoph Werner

Christoph Werner (born 26 June 1986) is a German footballer who plays for KSV Aulendiebach.

## Career

Until January 2007 Werner played for the amateur clubs SF Oberau and SV 1919 Bernbach. For Bernbach he scored 11 times in the first 20 games of the 2006/2007 Oberliga season. This was the reason for several professional clubs all over Germany asking to give him a contract. At the end he went to the 2. Bundesliga member 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Although starting with a good feeling he could not convince in Kaiserslautern. In his first season, he only played one time for the first team (against Erzgebirge Aue on 2 March 2007. This was his first and last professional game until now. Usually he is part of the 4th league squad of the U23 of FCK. Also there he could not show his talent, only scoring two times in 23 games.
# Clemens Schoppenhauer

Clemens Schoppenhauer (born 23 February 1992) is a German former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

## Career

In 2005, Schoppenhauer joined SV Werder Bremen as a youth and went on to progress through the club's youth teams. From 2010 until 2014, he played for the reserves. In 2010, he was called up to the first-team squad for a Champions League match against Tottenham Hotspur.
In May 2017, Schoppenhauer signed a two-year contract with FC St. Pauli.
On 5 January 2019, Schoppenhauer joined VfR Aalen on a one-and-half year deal.
In July 2019, Schoppenhauer moved to Bremen-based club FC Oberneuland, newly promoted to the Regionalliga Nord.
He announced his retirement from playing in May 2021.