OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# UCL Department of Philosophy

The Department of Philosophy is an academic division in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at University College London.

## Affiliated centres

* The Keeling Centre for Ancient Philosophy (named after Stanley Victor Keeling)
* Watling Archive (archive of John Leonard Watling's published and unpublished writings)

## Rankings

The Philosophical Gourmet Report 2024–25 lists the department at 5th in the UK and 30th in the English-speaking world.
QS World University Rankings places the department at 7th in the UK and 22nd globally in 2025.

## Permanent Faculty

* Simona Aimar
* Nilanjan Das
* Luke Fenton-Glynn
* Sebastian Gardner
* Amanda Greene
* Ulrike Heuer
* Joe Horton
* John Hyman (Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic)
* Mark Eli Kalderon
* Douglas Lavin
* Fiona Leigh
* Rory Madden
* Véronique Munoz-Dardé
* Lucy O'Brien
* Lavinia Picollo
* Sarah Richmond
* Daniel Rothschild (Head of Department)
* Robert Simpson
* Tom Stern
* Han van Wietmarschen
* James Wilson
* José Zalabardo

## Honorary Faculty

* Tamsin De Waal
* M.M. McCabe
* Anthony Savile
* Victor Verdejo
* Jonathan Wolff
* Arnold Zuboff

## Emeritus Professors

* Malcolm Budd
* Marcus Giaquinto
* Ted Honderich
* Paul Snowdon

## Notable alumni

* Keith Simmons
* David Conway
* James Garvey
* Momtazuddin Ahmed
* Marjorie Wallace
* Ricky Gervais
* Peter Warlock
* Jonathan Dimbleby
# Serhat Ardahanspor

Serhat Ardahan Spor Klübü (commonly known as Serhat Ardahanspor) is a Turkish football club, located in Ardahan Province and founded in 2013. The club is nicknamed The Bulls (Turkish:Boğalar).
The club was promoted to Turkish Regional Amateur League in 2014 as champion of Ardahan Amateur Football League. The club played in the first round of the 2014–15 Turkish Cup and reached the second round of the 2016–17 Turkish Cup.
# Raymond F. Clevenger

Raymond Francis Clevenger (June 6, 1926 – March 29, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from the state of Michigan between 1965 and 1967.

## Biography

Clevenger was born in Chicago and attended schools in Oak Park, Illinois, graduating from high school in 1944. He served in the United States Army Medical Corps from July 1944 to July 1946. He resumed his education and attended Roosevelt University in Chicago and the London School of Economics and Political Science. While at Roosevelt, he was elected student council president, and served alongside future Chicago mayor Harold Washington, who was the student council vice president. He graduated from Roosevelt University in 1949 and from the University of Michigan Law School in 1952.

### Career

He began the practice of law in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan in 1953. He was a delegate to Democratic State Conventions, 1954–1964 and a delegate to the 1956 Democratic National Convention. He practiced law in Illinois, as well as Michigan, and before the United States federal courts and served as Chippewa County Circuit Court Commissioner, 1958–1960. He was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee, 1958–1960. He was also Michigan Corporation and Securities Commissioner, 1961–1963.

### Congress

In 1964, he defeated incumbent Republican Victor A. Knox to be elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 11th congressional district to the Eighty-ninth Congress, serving from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967. He was known as one of the Michigan Five Fluke Freshmen and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1966, and again in 1968, losing both times to Republican Philip Ruppe.

### Later career and death

Clevenger was appointed by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson as chairman, Great Lakes Basin Commission, 1967–1968. He later resumed the practice of law and campaigned in 1989 for Mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan, losing to Republican incumbent Gerald D. Jernigan. He latterly resided in Ann Arbor and died in March 2016 at the age of 89.
# Narupon Wild

Narupon Wild (Thai: นฤพน ไวลด์, born July 21, 1988), simply known as Nazza (Thai: น๊าซซ่า), is a Thai former professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born on the small island of Koh Samet in Thailand but also holding a British passport, Nazza was raised all over the world.
He was primarily educated in the Dutch youth football system at AFC Amsterdam and in the English youth system at The New Saints F.C. After being offered a full scholarship to the Florida Institute of Technology, he again explored another part of the world playing for the Florida Tech Panthers. After graduating with a bachelor's degree in Business Administration, he returned to the Netherlands on trial at FC Volendam in the Jupiler League before signing a short-term contract with AGOVV Apeldoorn.
His first professional contract was with Bangkok United in the Thai 1st divisions. He helps them get a promotion to the Thai Premier League in his first year. 3 years later he joined BBCU F.C. and also helped them get promoted to the Thai Premier League while also being captain. After 2 successful season, Buriram United signed Nazza to a 3-year contract in 2016. He became a Thai Premier League Champion in 2017 and was then purchased by his current club Suphanburi FC in 2018.

## Honours
### Club
#### The New Saints

* Welsh Premier League (1): 2006–07
* FAW Premier Cup (1): 2006–07

#### Buriram United

* Thai League 1 (1): 2017
* Mekong Club Championship (1): 2016
# Mae Sai district

Mae Sai (Thai: แม่สาย, pronounced; Shan: မႄႈသၢႆ, pronounced) is the northernmost district (amphoe) of Chiang Rai province in northern Thailand. The town of Mae Sai is a major border crossing between Thailand and Myanmar. Asian Highway Network AH2 (Thailand Route 1 or Phahonyothin Road) crosses the Mae Sai River to the town Tachileik in Myanmar.
One-day passes for non-Burmese nationals crossing into Myanmar are issued at Myanmar customs in Tachileik. Passports are confiscated and a temporary travel permit is issued; the permit is exchanged for the traveler's passport upon crossing back into Thailand. (No longer available as of 2016.) Since the changes in Thai immigration policy since March 2016, crossing this border as a foreign national is highly depended on individual Thai customs officers, as they have discretion.
Mae Sai is 259 km (161 mi) north of Chiang Mai, 61 km (38 mi) north of Chiang Rai, and 850 km (528 mi) north of Bangkok.

## Geography

Neighboring districts are (from the east clockwise): Chiang Saen, Mae Chan, and Mae Fa Luang. To the north is Myanmar, separated by the Mae Sai River and the Ruak River. The westernmost part of the district is dominated by the hills of the Daen Lao Range, the most important one is the Doi Tung with the Wat Phra That Doi Tung temple on top. Doi Nang Non is another notable mountain in Mae Sai District.

## History

The minor district (king amphoe) Mae Sai was created on 1 March 1939, when the two tambons Mae Sai and Pong Pha were split off from Chiang Saen District. The area was upgraded to a full district on 1 May 1950.

## Administration

The district is divided into eight subdistricts (tambons), which in turn are further subdivided into 92 villages (mubans). There are two subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambons) in the district: Mai Sai itself covering parts of the tambons Mae Sai and Wiang Phang Kham, and Huai Khrai covering parts of tambon Huai Khrai. There are a further eight tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
| No. | Name | Thai name | Villages | Pop. |
| 1. | Mae Sai | แม่สาย | 14 | 21,697 |
| 2. | Huai Khrai | ห้วยไคร้ | 11 | 7,609 |
| 3. | Ko Chang | เกาะช้าง | 13 | 9,964 |
| 4. | Pong Pha | โป่งผา | 12 | 8,348 |
| 5. | Si Mueang Chum | ศรีเมืองชุม | 9 | 5,090 |
| 6. | Wiang Phang Kham | เวียงพางคำ | 13 | 19,945 |
| 8. | Ban Dai | บ้านด้าย | 8 | 4,117 |
| 9. | Pong Ngam | โป่งงาม | 12 | 9,528 |
The geocode 7 is not used.
# Wyoming Highway 350

Wyoming Highway 350 (WYO 350) is a 5.06-mile-long (8.14 km) east-west Wyoming state road located in southeastern Sublette County. It acts as a spur from U.S. Route 189 (US 189) in Big Piney west toward the Bridger-Teton National Forest.

## Route description

Wyoming Highway 350 begins its western end near the Bridger-Teton National Forest at CR 111 five miles west of Big Piney. Highway 350 picks up the name Middle Piney Road and travels east reaching Big Piney at a little over 3.5 miles. WYO 350 enters on Piney Drive before turning south onto N. Nichols Street. And then once again turns east onto Budd Avenue before reaching its eastern terminus at U.S. Route 189 (Front Street).

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Sublette County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.00 | 0.00 | CR 111 (Middle Piney Road) | Continuation beyond western terminus |
| Big Piney | 5.06 | 8.14 | US 189 | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Tuba Concerto (Vaughan Williams)

The Concerto in F Minor for Bass Tuba and Orchestra by British composer Ralph Vaughan Williams was written in 1954 for Philip Catelinet, principal tubist of the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO), who together gave the premiere on 13 June 1954 with Sir John Barbirolli conducting. The same musicians made the work’s first recording that same year. This concerto was the first concerto written for solo tuba.

## Composition and history

While at first viewed by critics as the eccentric idea of an aging composer, the concerto soon became one of Vaughan Williams' most popular works and an essential part of the tuba repertoire.
The work is in three movements:
* Prelude: Allegro moderato
* Romanza: Andante sostenuto
* Finale - Rondo alla tedesca: Allegro
A performance commonly takes about 13 minutes. Apart from the solo tuba, the piece is scored for two flutes (2nd doubling on piccolo), oboe, 2 clarinets (in B♭), bassoon, 2 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in B♭), 2 trombones, timpani, triangle, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, and strings.

## Recordings

The concerto has since received a large number of concert performances and recordings. Live performances include those by Arnold Jacobs, William Bell, and Roger Bobo.
In addition to the first recording by Catelinet and the LSO, other recordings of the concerto have featured the following artists:
* John Fletcher (soloist); London Symphony Orchestra with André Previn, conductor (RCA SB #6868)
# Aql al-Fa'al

Aql al-Fa'al (Arabic: العقل الفعال, romanized: al-'Aql al-Fa'al) or Wahib al-Suwar is a kind of reason in Islamic philosophy and psychology. It is considered as the lowest level of celestial intelligences.

## Concept

Aql has many different meanings in Islamic philosophy and psychology. The word aql philologically means to restrain or to tie. It is something which prevents human from judgment and behavior. Semantically aql gradually transformed to reason. In Islamic philosophy, particularly the peripatetic school, the technical use of aql to some extent is under the influence of Greek philosophy.

## Historical background

Farabi numerated several meanings of aql in his book.
Farabi tries to reconcile between the peripatetic understanding of active intellect with the Islamic notion of prophecy. Farabi identifies active intellect with Jibril (the angel of revelation in Islam). Humans can be transformed from Aql bi al-Quwwah (potential intellect) into Aql bi al-Fi'l (actual intellect). Thereby men can be free from the darkness of ignorance. Finally aql transforms into Aql al-Mustafad (acquired intellect). In the level that acquires intellect, aql reflects upon its own contents through inquiring among its similarities and distinction.
# Brodrick Peak

Brodrick Peak is a 2,669-metre-elevation (8,757-foot) mountain in New Zealand.

## Description

Brodrick Peak is situated on the crest or Main Divide of the Southern Alps and on the boundary of Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park. It is located 194 kilometres (121 mi) west of the city of Christchurch and set on the common boundary shared by the Canterbury and West Coast Regions of the South Island. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains northwest into the Whataroa River, south to the Murchison River, and east to the Godley River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,400 metres (4,593 feet) above the Whymper Glacier in two kilometres. The nearest higher neighbour is Mount Aylmer, 2.82 kilometres to the southwest. The first ascent of the summit was made on 1 December 1917 by Will Kennedy and Jack Lippe.

## Etymology

This mountain's toponym honours Noel Brodrick (1855–1931), district surveyor for South Canterbury who explored much of this region from 1881 through 1891. The Māori name for the peak is "Tarahaka", meaning indentation or saddle of a hill.

## Climbing

Climbing routes with first ascents:
* Main Divide – Will Kennedy, Jack Lippe – (1917)
* Via Whymper Saddle – D.W. Beatty, P.A.L. Fraser, A.W. McNaught, J.V. McNulty – (1955)
* South West Ridge (descent) – John Gamlen, Keith McNaughton – (1967)
* Loves Last (South Face) – Graham Love, Dave Carlyle – (1985)
* South East Ridge – FA unknown
* Via Whataroa Saddle – FA unknown

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Brodrick Peak is located in a marine west coast (Cfb) climate zone, with a tundra climate at the summit. Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air from the Tasman Sea onto the mountains, where the air is forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing moisture to drop in the form of rain or snow. This climate supports the Murchison, Classen, and Whymper glaciers surrounding this mountain's slopes. The months of December through February offer the most favourable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
# Congregation Beth Israel (Charlottesville, Virginia)

Congregation Beth Israel is a Reform Jewish synagogue located at 301 East Jefferson Street in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the United States. Founded in 1882, it grew out of Charlottesville's Hebrew Benevolent Society, which was created in 1870.

## Overview

The congregation's 1882 building is the oldest synagogue building in Virginia. It joined the Union of American Hebrew Congregations in 1927 and is now a member of the Union for Reform Judaism. The synagogue has an active youth group called Beth Israel Temple Youth (BITY), participating in events with the synagogue throughout the year. It also has a preschool, and religious/Hebrew school.
Congregation Beth Israel offers adult education in the form of lectures, films, and Beit Midrash text study. Worship services include Traditional Egalitarian Shabbat Morning Service, Kabbalat Shabbat Service, and Mishkan T'filah (Reform) Services. These services are intended to be appropriate across ages and household composition. CBI is also involved in mitzvot and acts of tikkun olam through association with and grant funding for local Charlottesville non-profits.
As of 2024, the Senior Rabbi is Tom Gutherz, and the Assistant Rabbi is Ezra Leventhal. Daniel Alexander, Rabbi Emeritus, served as rabbi from 1988 to 2016, and his retirement led the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia Senate to issue Joint Resolution No. 381, commending Alexander's service to the Congregation Beth Israel and the Charlottesville community for 37 years.
# L'Hôpital, Moselle

L'Hôpital (French pronunciation:; German: Spittel) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
It is the birthplace of the Slovenian author Mile Klopčič and historian France Klopčič.
# 1918 Penn State Nittany Lions football team

The 1918 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1918 college football season. The team was coached by Hugo Bezdek and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| November 2 | Wissahickon Barracks | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | T 6–6 | |
| November 9 | Rutgers | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | L 3–26 | |
| November 16 | at Lehigh | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 7–6 | |
| November 28 | at Pittsburgh | Forbes FieldPittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | L 6–28 | 6,000 |
# Bob Neloms

Robert James Neloms (March 2, 1942, in Detroit – July 28, 2020, in Birmingham, Michigan) was an American jazz pianist. He also occasionally performed on trombone and organ.

## Career

Neloms won a scholarship contest run by Downbeat in 1959 and subsequently studied at the Berklee College of Music. He worked as a session musician for Motown Records from 1961 to 1963 and played with Eddie Henderson, Ricky Ford, and Bob Mover later in the decade. In the 1970s he played with Roy Haynes, Pharoah Sanders, Clifford Jordan, Freddie Waits, and Charles Mingus, and joined Junior Cook and Bill Hardman's group in 1978 recording with them until 1982. Concomitantly he worked with Dannie Richmond and James Newton. He then played with Hamiett Bluiett and performed and recorded under his own name, remaining active through the late 1980s.

## Discography
### As leader

* Bobby Neloms (Bai, 1963)
* Pretty Music (India Navigation, 1982)

### As sideman

With Charles Mingus
* The Charles Mingus Memorial Album (Burning Desire, 1977)
* Three or Four Shades of Blues (Atlantic, 1977)
* Lionel Hampton Presents: The Music of Charles Mingus (Who's Who in Jazz, 1977)
* Cumbia & Jazz Fusion (Atlantic, 1978)
* Me Myself an Eye (Atlantic, 1979)
* Something Like a Bird (Atlantic, 1980)
With Dannie Richmond
* Dannie Richmond Quintet (Gatemouth, 1980)
* Dannie Richmond Plays Charles Mingus (Timeless, 1981)
* Dionysius (Red, 1983)
* The Last Mingus Band A.D. (Landmark, 1994)
With others
* Hamiet Bluiett, Dangerously Suite (Soul Note, 1981)
* Ricky Ford, Loxodonta Africana (New World, 1977)
* Teruo Nakamura, Rising Sun (Polydor, 1976)
* James Newton, Portraits (India Navigation, 1982)
# Vallières (commune)

Vallières (French pronunciation:; Haitian Creole: Valyè) is a commune in the Vallières Arrondissement, in the Nord-Est department of Haiti. It has 17,470 inhabitants.

## Communal Sections

The commune consists of three communal sections, namely:
* Trois Palmistes, urban and rural, containing the village of Vallières
* Ecrevisse or Grosse Roche, urban and rural, containing the village of Grosse Roche
* Corosse, rural
# 1894 Penn State football team

The 1894 Penn State football team was an American football team that represented Pennsylvania State College—now known as Pennsylvania State University–as an independent during the 1894 college football season. The team was coached by George W. Hoskins and played its home games on Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 13 | Gettysburg | Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 60–0 | |
| October 20 | Lafayette | Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 72–0 | |
| November 10 | at Navy | Worden FieldAnnapolis, MD | T 6–6 | |
| November 17 | vs. Bucknell | Athletic ParkWilliamsport, PA | W 12–6 | 2,000 |
| November 23 | at Washington & Jefferson | Washington, PA | W 6–0 | |
| November 24 | at Oberlin | Oberlin, OH | W 9–6 | |
| November 29 | at Pittsburgh Athletic Club | Pittsburgh, PA | W 14–0 | |
# Čata

Čata (Hungarian: Csata) is a village and municipality in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1386.

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 132 metres and covers an area of 14.771 km². It has a population of about 1200 people.

## Facilities

The village has a public library a gym and a football pitch.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1700-1896 (parish B)
* Reformated church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1784-1895 (parish B)
# Dolná Seč

Dolná Seč (Hungarian: Alsószecse) is a village and municipality in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1310.

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 155 metres and covers an area of 8.78 km². It has a population of about 445 people.

## Ethnicity

The village is about 85% Slovak, 7% Magyar and 7% Romani.

## Facilities

The village has a public library and a football pitch.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1827-1945 (parish A)
# Elvira Khasanova

Elvira Albertovna Khasanova (Russian: Эльвира Альбертовна Хасанова; born 10 January 2000) is a Russian racewalking athlete of Tatar descent. She qualified to represent the Russian Olympic Committee at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo 2021, competing in women's 20 kilometres walk.
# Roberto Pacheco

Roberto Pacheco (born 21 February 1952) is a Puerto Rican judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Black Bands

The Black Bands (Italian: Bande Nere), sometimes referred to as the Black Bands of Giovanni, was a company of Italian mercenaries formed and commanded by Giovanni de' Medici during the Italian Wars; their name came from their black mourning colours for the death of Pope Leo X. Composed primarily of arquebusiers—including Europe's first mounted arquebusiers—the company was, by the Italian War of 1521, considered to be the finest Italian troops available. Initially in the service of Charles de Lannoy and the Pope, the company fought at Bicocca in 1522 and the Sesia in 1523. A pay dispute led to it transferring its allegiance to Francis I of France; it took part in the Battle of Pavia under the command of Richard de la Pole (d. 1525), known as the "White Rose". In addition to the Italian units, German mercenaries in service of Francis I were called the "German black bands".
At the start of the War of the League of Cognac, the Bands attempted to resist the advance of Georg Frundsberg's Imperial landsknechts into Lombardy. Giovanni was killed by a cannonball near Mantua early in 1526. The company continued to fight in French and Papal pay, taking part in the expedition to Naples under Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec. It retreated from the siege with the remainder of the French army—crippled by the plague—and surrendered to the Imperial forces in late 1528, disbanding shortly afterwards.
# Martin Poglajen

Martin Poglajen (born 28 September 1942) is a Dutch judoka. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Volcanic group

A volcanic group, depending on context, is either (1) a group of related volcanoes in the form of volcanic fields, volcanic complexes and cone clusters, or (2) a stratigraphic group consisting of volcanic strata.

## Notable volcanic groups

| Volcanic Group | Location |
| Akan Volcanic Complex | Japan |
| Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex | Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile |
| Antillanca Group | Chile |
| Azuma Group | Japan |
| Borrowdale Volcanic Group | United Kingdom |
| Carmacks Group | Canada |
| Carrán-Los Venados | Chile |
| Cochiquito Volcanic Group | Argentina |
| Coppermine River Group | Canada |
| Dacht-i-Navar Group | Afghanistan |
| Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Duluth Complex | United States |
| Ellesmere Island Volcanics | Canada |
| Fueguino | Chile |
| Gambier Group | Canada |
| Hakkōda Mountains | Japan |
| Jemez Mountains | United States |
| Kaiserstuhl | Germany |
| Karpinsky Group | Russia |
| Lomonosov Group | Russia |
| Meager Group | Canada |
| Milbanke Sound Group | Canada |
| Monti della Tolfa | Italy |
| Mount Edziza volcanic complex | Canada |
| Mount Raiden Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Nipesotsu-Maruyama Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Niseko Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Northern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Olkhovy Volcanic Group | Russia |
| Pinacate Peaks | Mexico |
| Pocdol Mountains | Philippines |
| Puyuhuapi (volcanic group) | Chile |
| Shikaribetsu Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Skukum Group | Canada |
| Southern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Spences Bridge Group | Canada |
| Takuan Group | Papua New Guinea |
| Tatun Volcano Group | Taiwan |
| Tokachi Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Tomuraushi Volcanic Group | Japan |
| Yasawa Group | Fiji |