OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minister for Biosecurity

The Minister for Biosecurity is a minister in the New Zealand Government with the responsibility of managing biosecurity.
The current Minister for Biosecurity is Andrew Hoggard.

## History

The portfolio was created after the 1996 general election. Previously, biosecurity matters had been under the purview of the Minister of Agriculture; it was John Falloon, acting in that portfolio, who had been responsible for the passage of the Biosecurity Act 1993. Briefly from 1998 to 1999 and again from 2011 to 2017, the portfolio was consolidated with other primary industries portfolios, first as the Minister for Food, Fibre, Biosecurity and Border Control and latterly as the Minister for Primary Industries.

## List of ministers for biosecurity

The following ministers have held the office of Minister for Biosecurity.
Color key (for political parties) :
| National | Labour | Progressive | ACT |
| No. | No. | Name | Term of office | Term of office | Prime Minister |
| | 1 | Simon Upton | 16 December 1996 | 8 December 1997 | Bolger |
| | 2 | John Luxton | 8 December 1997 | 10 December 1999 | Bolger |
| | 2 | John Luxton | 8 December 1997 | 10 December 1999 | Shipley |
| | 3 | Marian Hobbs | 10 December 1999 | 23 February 2001 | Clark |
| | 4 | Jim Sutton | 28 March 2001 | 19 October 2005 | Clark |
| | 5 | Jim Anderton | 19 October 2005 | 19 November 2008 | Clark |
| | 6 | David Carter | 19 November 2008 | 14 November 2011 | Key |
| Office not in use: See Minister for Primary Industries ||||||||
| | 7 | Damien O'Connor | 26 October 2017 | 27 November 2023 | Ardern |
| | 8 | Andrew Hoggard | 27 November 2023 | Incumbent | Luxon |
# Hundsdorf

Hundsdorf (German pronunciation:) is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography

The community lies in the Westerwald between Koblenz and Siegen on the edge of the Kannenbäckerland, a region known for its ceramics industry. Hundsdorf belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Ransbach-Baumbach, a kind of collective municipality.

## History

In 1243, Hundsdorf had its first documentary mention as Hunisdorp.

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 8 council members who were elected in a majority vote in a municipal election on 13 June 2004.

## Regular events

Each year, between Ascension and Whitsun, a Western town is built here in which Western and Indian clubs recreate the atmosphere of the Wild West for a few days under authentic conditions.
In early August each year, Hundsdorf holds its kermis.

## Economy and infrastructure

The A 48 with its Höhr-Grenzhausen interchange (AS 12) lies 6 km away. The A 3 (Cologne–Frankfurt) with its Ransbach-Baumbach interchange lies only 5 km away. The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line.
# Rixheim

Rixheim (French pronunciation: ; Alsatian: Rìxa Alemannic German pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France. It forms part of the Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération, the inter-communal local government body for the Mulhouse conurbation.

## Geography

Rixheim lies 5 kilometers east from the city center of Mulhouse, at the crossroads of Strasbourg and Mulhouse (A35-A36 to Sausheim) and Habsheim to Ottmarsheim (ancient Roman roads), the municipality of Rixheim is located in a loop of the Rhine ditch on the borders of the Hardt forest, the Sundgauvian hills and the alluvial plain of the Jll. The altitudes vary between 365 meters (Zürenwald) and 232 meters (Pont du Bouc). Rixheim lies six Kilometer east of Mulhouse.
There was a commendam of the Teutonic Order, their buildings preserved to this day, were built by Johann Caspar Bagnato. It was under the command of the commendam Altshausen.

### Neighbouring communes

The neighbouring communes of Rixheim are, clockwise, starting in the north:
* Sausheim
* Ottmarsheim
* Hombourg
* Zimmersheim
* Habsheim
* Bruebach
* Riedisheim
* Illzach

## Education

Rixheim has a public secondary school, the College Captain Dreyfus. It also has 4 elementary schools.

## Twin towns

* Lohne, Germany, Niedersachsen, Germany (since 1987)
* San Vito al Tagliamento, Friaul-Julisch Venetien, Italy
* Kanton Valence-sur-Baïse, Midi-Pyrénées, France

## Notable places

* The former Commandery of the Teutonic Order
* The Saint-Léger church, with organ and the old presbytery
* Fountain of John of Nepomuk
* War memorial
* The museum of wallpaper
* Fountain of John of Nepomuk
* The former Commandery
* Entrance to the Park of the Commandery
* Museum of wallpaper
* Saint-Léger church
* Rixheim Station
# Kfar Vitkin

Kfar Vitkin (Hebrew: כפר ויתקין, lit. 'Vitkin Village') is a moshav in central Israel. Located near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hefer Valley Regional Council and was the first Jewish settlement in the valley. In 2022 it had a population of 2,002.

## History

The community was established in 1930 by a group of twenty people, and was initially based in an old stone house. The moshav was moved to its final destination in 1933 when the founders moved into new buildings, and was named after Yosef Vitkin, an educator and leader of the Labour movement. The original house became known as "Beit HaRishonim" (House of the First). In 1948, the moshav had a population of 700 Jews. The moshav has 150 farmsteads.
On 20 April 1948 the Irgun gun-running boat, Altalena, began unloading its cargo at Kfar Vitkin. 940 passengers, 2,000 rifles, 2,000,000 rounds, 3,000 shells & 200 Bren guns were brought ashore before the newly formed Israeli army intervened. In the following confrontation two soldiers and six Irgun fighters were killed.
* Kfar Vitkin in 1935
* Kfar Vitkin pier under construction in 1935
* Kfar Vitkin building supplies in 1935
* Kfar Vitkin in 1937
* Kfar Vitkin in 1938
* Kfar Vitkin in 1939, 1:20,000
* Kfar Vitkin in 1945, 1:250,000
* Kfar Vitkin in 1947

## Notable people

* Niv Adiri, Oscar winning sound engineer
# John Dalrymple Edgar Holmes

Lt. Col. John Dalrymple Edgar Holmes (1867 – 2 March 1915) was a British veterinary scientist and bacteriologist who worked in India as Imperial Bacteriologist. He worked on the production of veterinary vaccines especially for rinderpest.
Holmes was born in 1867 to Reverend John Holmes at Tipperary, where he went to the local grammar school before going to Trinity College, Dublin. Graduating with a BA in 1890 he joined the Royal Veterinary College and qualified MRCVS in 1895 and joined the Army Veterinary Department. He was deputed to the Indian Civil Veterinary Department in 1900 and worked as an Assistant Bacteriologist at the Muktesar Laboratory. He went to Cambridge for studies and received a DSc in 1905 followed by work at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. He returned to India and served as a Professor of Sanitary Science at the Punjab Veterinary College in Lahore. He was appointed Imperial Bacteriologist in 1907 to succeed Alfred Lingard. In 1912 he was awarded the Steele Memorial Medal for his work in veterinary medicine. In 1913 he was made Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire. His work in India included major studies on rinderpest.
Holmes' writings included Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of Bazaar Drugs and Description of the Muktesar Laboratory and its Work. He died of a cerebral haemorrhage at Bareilly. He is commemorated at the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Memorial in Belgravia House, London.
# 2006 Halemba Coal Mine disaster

2006 Halemba Coal Mine disaster refers to the accident of 21 November 2006 in the Halemba Coal Mine, Ruda Śląska, Poland. An explosion of methane and coal dust resulted in 23 fatalities. It was one of the largest mining disasters in Poland. The government declared three days of national mourning.
# Durazno (film)

Durazno (Spanish for 'Peach'), also known in English as Apricot, is a documentary film directed by Yashira Jordan. The film utilized crowd-funding and ecological production and is one of the first of its type to be made in Bolivia and Argentina.
The documentary was filmed during 2012 in the Argentinian cities of Santa Fe and La Plata, as well as in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

## Plot

The documentary follows Ezequiel W. Gonzalez and Nahuel Pérez Biscayart as they set out on a road trip together. The two are both in search of something: W. Gonzalez is looking for his biological father while Biscayart is studying him with the intent of basing a character off of him. Both men suffer from issues stemming from identity. W. Gonzalez has to deal with the long-term effects of his abandonment as an infant by his mother, the lack of any clear knowledge of who his father is, and the mysterious death of his adopted father. Meanwhile, Biscayart struggles to identify his character, W. Gonzalez, and ultimately himself.

## Cast

* Nahuel Pérez Biscayart as Ezequiel
* Ezequiel Kruger as Himself

## Soundtrack

* "Walilamdzi", Written by Devendra Banhart, performed by Devendra Banhart, courtesy of Warner Music
* "Hindue Blues", written by Kevin Johansen, performed by Kevin Johansen & The Nada, Courtesy of Kevin Johansen
* "Si Aún Me Quieres", written by Adanowsky, performed by Adanowsky, Courtesy of Adanowsky
* "Acid Rain", written by The Growlers, performed by The Growlers, courtesy of Everloving

## Accolades

* 2011, won Bolivia Lab national award "Best Bolivian Project"
* 2013, selection Visions du Reel Doc in Progress
# Francis Helme

Francis Heselton Helme (26 August 1899 – 11 May 1984) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Liverpool, England, and went to Canada in 1908. He became an agent and dealer for International Harvester.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Prince Albert riding in the 1949 general election. He defeated the CCF Member for Prince Albert, Edward LeRoy Bowerman, who had in 1945 defeated then Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. After serving in the 21st Canadian Parliament, Helme did not seek another federal term in the 1953 election. He died of heart disease in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1984.

## Electoral record

vte1949 Canadian federal election: Prince Albert :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Francis Heselton Helme | 8,916 | 48.2 | +7.8 |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Edward LeRoy Bowerman | 7,341 | 39.6 | -1.3 |
| | Progressive Conservative | George Henry Whitter | 2,258 | 12.2 | -2.1 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 18,515 | 100.0 |
# South Dakota Highway 73

South Dakota Highway 73 (SD 73) is a state route that runs across western South Dakota. It begins at the Nebraska border, north of Merriman, Nebraska, as a continuation of Nebraska Highway 61. It runs to the North Dakota border, where it continues as North Dakota Highway 49. It is just more than 255 miles (410 km) in length.

## History

When designated in the 1920s, South Dakota 73 only consisted of the segment from Faith (U.S. Route 212) to Lemmon (U.S. Route 12). The remainder of the route was unnumbered.
Around 1935, SD 73 was extended south from Faith, absorbing what had been a portion of South Dakota Highway 24 to near Plainview, then southeast via a new route to Philip. From there, it was concurrent with U.S. Highway 16 to Kadoka then southward along what had been South Dakota Highway 63. It continued south to the Nebraska border south of Martin, after sharing an alignment with U.S. Highway 18. Except for minor route straightening and a new concurrency with Interstate 90, this route has not changed since.
Around 1979, the northern terminus was extended east along U.S. 12 to Thunder Hawk, where it met up with a new road to link with ND 49.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Cherry | ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | N-61 south | Continuation into Nebraska |
| Bennett | Martin | 12.580 | 20.246 | US 18 west | Western end of US 18 concurrency |
| Bennett | ​ | 24.646 | 39.664 | US 18 east | Eastern end of US 18 concurrency |
| Jackson | ​ | 50.339 | 81.013 | SD 44 | |
| Jackson | Kadoka | 69.951 | 112.575 | SD 248 | |
| Jackson | Kadoka | 70.310– 70.328 | 113.153– 113.182 | I-90 east | Eastern end of I-90 concurrency |
| Jackson | ​ | 76.616– 77.227 | 123.301– 124.285 | I-90 west | Western end of I-90 concurrency |
| Haakon | Philip | 92.047 | 148.135 | US 14 | |
| Haakon | ​ | 116.740 | 187.875 | SD 34 east | Eastern end of SD 34 concurrency |
| Ziebach | No major junctions | No major junctions | No major junctions | No major junctions | No major junctions |
| Meade | ​ | 145.523 | 234.197 | SD 34 west | Western end of SD 34 concurrency |
| Meade | Faith | 173.638 | 279.443 | US 212 east | Eastern end of US 212 concurrency |
| Meade | ​ | 176.801 | 284.534 | US 212 west | Western end of US 212 concurrency |
| Perkins | ​ | 206.704 | 332.658 | SD 20 east | Southern end of SD 20 concurrency |
| Perkins | ​ | 212.698 | 342.304 | SD 20 west | Northern end of SD 20 concurrency |
| Perkins | ​ | 240.858 | 387.623 | US 12 west | Western end of US 12 concurrency |
| Corson | ​ | 254.618 | 409.768 | US 12 east | Eastern end of US 12 concurrency |
| Sioux | ​ | 255.291 | 410.851 | ND 49 north | Continuation into North Dakota |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# 2-Fluoromethcathinone

2-Fluoromethcathinone (2-FMC), also known as 2-flephedrone, is a psychostimulant and designer drug of the cathinone family. It acts as a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent (NDRA).

## Pharmacology

The drug has an EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration for dopamine release of 48.7 nM and induces 85% release of norepinephrine at a concentration of 10 μM. For comparison, the EC$_{50}$ values of methcathinone are 49.9 nM for dopamine release and 22.4 nM for norepinephrine release and it induces 100% release of norepinephrine at a concentration of 10 μM. Hence, compared to methcathinone, 2-FMC appears to be relatively more selective or efficacious for induction of dopamine release over norepinephrine release. It is notable in this regard that selective dopamine releasing agents are largely unknown.
# Sarah Jacob

Sarah Jacob (12 May 1857 – 17 December 1869) was a Welsh child, one of the best-known of a number of so-called fasting girls of the 19th century in the United Kingdom and United States.

## Biography

Sarah Jacob was born at Lletherneaudd, near Pencader, Carmarthenshire, the daughter of a farmer. Among her family, she was known by the pet name "Sal". From the age of ten, she was said to have gone without food for long periods but without any apparent effect on her health. Her parents began to receive visitors and to display the child to them, claiming that she had not eaten for many months; by the time she died, she was said to have gone without food for a total of 113 weeks. When the news of her supposed fasting reached the national press, an article on the subject was published in The Lancet, and eventually a team of four nurses was sent to the house to observe her and see whether she was secretly eating and drinking. They began their observations on 9 December 1869, and the girl died just over a week later. During the period the nurses were present, no one attempted to feed her. An autopsy performed after her death found generally healthy anatomy and fat tissue, as well as feces low in her intestines, indicating that she had been consuming food up until the start of the observation period.

## Criminal charges and conviction

In July 1870, Sarah's parents, Evan and Hannah Jacob, were brought to trial at Carmarthenshire Assizes, accused of manslaughter. They were monoglot Welsh speakers, and the court proceedings had to be translated for them. They pleaded not guilty, but were convicted and received prison sentences.

## Fictional portrayals

The life and death of Sarah Jacob have been featured in various works of fiction, including the Welsh-language novel Sarah Arall (1982), by Aled Islwyn, and a play by Gwenlyn Parry, entitled Sal. Emma Donoghue's 2016 novel, The Wonder, and the film of the same name based upon it, take much of their inspiration from the Sarah Jacob case.
# Sugandika Kumari

Basnayake Mudiyanselage Sugandika Manel Kumari (born 5 October 1990), known as Sugandika Kumari, is a Sri Lankan cricketer who plays for the women's national cricket team. She made her One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Pakistan in January 2015.
In October 2018, she was named in Sri Lanka's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. In January 2020, she was named in Sri Lanka's squad for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia. In October 2021, she was named in Sri Lanka's team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe. In January 2022, she was named in Sri Lanka's team for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Cricket Qualifier tournament in Malaysia. In July 2022, she was named in Sri Lanka's team for the cricket tournament at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England. She was named in the Sri Lanka squad for the 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup.
# Sam Dower

Sam Dower Jr. (born November 6, 1990) is an American basketball player. Standing 6'9, he mainly plays the power forward position. He played college basketball for Gonzaga and currently plays for Polish pro basketball team MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza.

## College career

Dower committed to Gonzaga over scholarship offers from Marquette, Minnesota, California and George Mason. He redshirted his first year. In his first collegiate game, he scored 19 points in 17 minutes against Southern. He was later named to the WCC All-Freshman Team. As a sophomore, he recorded his first double-double with 20 points and 10 rebounds in a win against Xavier. As a junior, he started seven of the first nine games until Kelly Olynyk took his place at the power forward position. After three successful seasons, in which he was Gonzaga's top scorer off the bench, Dower shouldered the responsibilities as a senior and shared a role with Kevin Pangos as Gonzaga's top scoring option. He sustained an injury as a senior against Kansas State on December 21, 2013, and missed three games. Nonetheless, Dower led the Bulldogs in scoring with roughly 15 points per game. He admitted to being a reluctant rebounder at times, since he focused on scoring. Dower's dominant senior campaign earned him All-WCC First team honors. Dower then led Gonzaga to a berth into the NCAA Tournament, earning MVP honors in the WCC tournament.

## Professional career

On July 21, 2014, Dower signed with Boulogne-sur-Mer, in France, in the first division. In November 2014, he announced that he quit the team, citing personal reasons.
On December 9, 2014, Dower signed with BK Valmiera, a team based in Valmiera, Latvia, in the LBL and Baltic League.
On August 17, 2018, Dower signed with MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza of the Polish side. He returned to action after missing two seasons with a knee injury.

## Statistics
### College

Source:
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2010–11 | Gonzaga Bulldogs | 35 | 0 | 14.1 | 57.5 | 25.0 | 81.2 | 3.26 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.74 | 7.60 |
| 2011–12 | Gonzaga Bulldogs | 33 | 0 | 18.1 | 53.8 | 40.0 | 76.7 | 3.73 | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.30 | 8.30 |
| 2012–13 | Gonzaga Bulldogs | 35 | 8 | 16.0 | 55.8 | 28.6 | 75.4 | 2.69 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 6.91 |
| 2013–14 | Gonzaga Bulldogs | 34 | 31 | 27.0 | 57.1 | 31.6 | 82.5 | 7.21 | 1.09 | 0.44 | 0.71 | 14.38 |
| Total | | 137 | 39 | 18.8 | 56.2 | 32.8 | 79.7 | 4.2 | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 9.28 |
# South Grand Island Bridge

The South Grand Island Bridge is a pair of twin two-lane truss arch bridges spanning the Niagara River between Tonawanda and Grand Island in New York, United States. Each bridge carries one direction of Interstate 190 (I-190) and New York State Route 324 (NY 324). Both crossings are operated by the New York State Thruway Authority as part of the Niagara Thruway. The southbound span was opened in 1935 and acquired by the State of New York in 1950. The northbound span was finished in 1962. A northbound-only toll is collected via Electronic Tolling.

## Description

The bridges are twin truss arch bridges with a steel through-arch in the middle. Both crossings have a 93-foot (28 m) navigation clearance, which was designed to allow tall lake freighters and tanker ships to pass beneath it.
A northbound-only toll is presently collected via open-road cashless tolling. The open-road tolling began operating on March 29, 2018, replacing conventional toll booths. The tollbooths were dismantled, and drivers are no longer able to pay cash at the bridge. Instead, drivers will travel beneath an overhead gantry where their E-ZPass transponder will be detected and charged. Drivers without an E-ZPass will have a picture of their license plate taken, and the toll will be mailed to them.

## History

The southbound bridge was completed on July 15, 1935 as a two-lane, two-way structure carrying NY 325 from Tonawanda to Grand Island. Mr. Frank J. Offermann Sr., the former Sheriff of Erie County, owner of the Buffalo Bisons Ball Club and prominent resident of Grand Island was active in getting the bridges sanctioned. Also in 1935 after his untimely death, Supervisor John Messmer proposed changing the name of the boulevard connecting the Grand Island Bridges to Offermann Drive; however this was never done. It became part of NY 324 by 1937. In 1950, the State of New York assumed ownership of the bridge as part of the Niagara Thruway's construction. A twin bridge erected to the northeast of the original structure was opened on October 11, 1962, at which time all northbound traffic was moved onto the new crossing and the 1935 span became southbound-only.
While the twin bridges were built decades apart, they appear nearly identical. It is clear that builders in the 1960s took great care in matching the original 1930s architecture, but there are slight differences. The 1935 bridge has stone cutwaters on the piers, while the 1962 bridge has steel-faced cutwaters. Also, renovations of the southbound bridge have created a guard rail that looks quite different from the one on the northbound bridge.
The northbound span was renovated by American Bridge Company from 2008 to 2010. American Bridge Company replaced the deck (road), sidewalk, and barriers as part of a $48 million project.
In August 2019, for a duration of 13 hours, the bridges were closed to the public to be used as a filming site for A Quiet Place Part II.
# Joseph Hebert

Joseph Hebert is an American professional poker player from Metairie, Louisiana. In 2020, he finished runner-up in the World Series of Poker Main Event.
Hebert has worked part-time as a waiter at The Galley Seafood restaurant in Metairie. His first WSOP cash came in 2014. Prior to the 2020 Main Event, he had 18 career WSOP cashes, including three at the 2020 WSOP Online. He also has 18 cashes on the WSOP Circuit, finishing runner-up in a Main Event in New Orleans in 2013 for $140,000. In January 2020, he won a $2,000 No Limit Hold'em event in Biloxi for $74,000.
Hebert qualified for the WSOP.com portion of the 2020 Main Event in a $300 satellite. Playing as "kolebear," he made the final table with a commanding chip lead, more than double any other player. On the first hand of heads-up play, he knocked out Ron Jenkins with A♣ Q♠ against Q♦ Q♣ after an ace came on the flop. Hebert earned $1,553,256 for the win and advanced to play Damian Salas in the heads-up championship match on January 3 at the Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Hebert lost to Salas after his A♦ Q♠ was beaten by K♦ J♠ on the 173rd hand of play.
Hebert has a son. His mother, Linda, died in July 2020; he dedicated his Main Event run to her memory.
# Jayan Jayawardene

Jayan Jayawardene (born 24 December 1983) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Chilaw Marians Cricket Club in the 2006–07 Premier Trophy on 8 December 2006.