OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1936 Penn State Nittany Lions football team

The 1936 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1936 college football season.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 3 | Muhlenberg | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 45–0 | 7,535 |
| October 10 | Villanova | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | L 0–13 | 9,593 |
| October 17 | at Lehigh | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 6–7 | |
| October 24 | at Cornell | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | L 7–13 | 6,000 |
| October 31 | Syracuse | New Beaver FieldState College, PA (rivalry) | W 18–0 | 7,137 |
| November 7 | at No. 5 Pittsburgh | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | L 7–34 | 15,692 |
| November 14 | at No. 11 Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 12–19 | 40,000 |
| November 21 | Bucknell | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 14–0 | 9,227–12,000 |
| HomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Nicholas Clinch

Nicholas Bayard Clinch III (9 November 1930, Evanston, Illinois – 15 June 2016, California) was an American mountain climber, lawyer, author and environmentalist. Clinch Peak, in Antarctica, was named for him in 2006.

## Education and personal life

The son of Virginia Lee Clinch and Nicholas Bayard Clinch Jr., a colonel in the U.S. Air Force, Nicholas "Nick" Clinch grew up in Dallas, Texas, and later attended the New Mexico Military Institute in Roswell. He graduated from Stanford University with a B.A. in political science in 1951, then obtained a degree from Stanford Law School. He followed his father into the Air Force, but due to his asthma and poor eyesight, was unable to qualify as a pilot. Instead, he worked as legal consul at the American bases in Iceland and Long Beach. He has one younger sister, also named Virginia Lee. He married Elizabeth ("Betsy") Wallace Campbell in 1964. They had two daughters.

## Mountain climbing

While attending Stanford University, Clinch became a member of the Stanford Alpine Club and climbed extensively throughout the Sierra Nevada and Yosemite National Park.
He is the only American ever to have led a first ascent of a peak in excess of 8,000 metres (26,000 ft), which was achieved when his team conquered the world's 11th highest mountain, Hidden Peak (Gasherbrum I) in north-east Pakistan, in 1958. He was a member of the American-Pakistani team which made the first ascent of Masherbrum, the world's 22nd tallest peak, in 1960. He led the 10-man 1966–67 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Vinson, the summit of Antarctica, and other high mountains in the Sentinel Range.
He was president of the American Alpine Club from 1968 to 1970. He also made the first ascent of Tibet's Ulugh Muztagh, in 1985. In addition to Antarctica, Pakistan and Tibet, he made numerous ascents and expeditions in the United States, British Columbia, Peru and China.

## Legal career

Clinch was trustee and then executive director of the Sierra Club Foundation from 1970 to 1981 and was an early member of the board of nature-focused consumers' co-operative Recreational Equipment, Inc. In the 1970s, he represented the Lincoln Savings and Loan Association of Irvine, California. He was a director of the Environmental Law Institute from 1980 to 1986.

## Awards and recognition

In 1967, National Geographic awarded Clinch their La Gorce Medal for his Antarctic ascent. Clinch was made a Fellow of the Explorers Club in 1969 and was elected to Honorary Membership in The Alpine Club, London. For his contributions to mountaineering, the Sierra Club awarded Clinch its Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering Award. In 2013, he was inducted into the Hall of Mountaineering Excellence by the American Mountaineering Museum. In February 2016, Clinch received the American Alpine Club's Gold Medal, only the fifth to be awarded in 114 years.
Clinch Peak, located at 1.6 miles (2.6 km) southeast of Antarctica's tallest peak, Mount Vinson, was named for Clinch in 2006.
# Witts Springs Formation

The Witts Springs Formation is a sandstone geologic formation in Arkansas with thin layers of limestone, shale, and siltstone. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

## Paleontology
### Bivalves

* Aviculopecten
    A. arkansanus
* Conocardium
* Myalina
* Pleurophorus
* Posidonia
* Sphenotus

### Brachiopods

* Antiquatonia
    A. morrowensis
* Composita
    C. ozarkana
* Juresania
* Linoproductus
* Schizophoria
    S. altirostris
* Spirifer

### Cephalopods

* Gastrioceras
    G. adaense
* Glaphyrites
    G. globosus
    G. morrowensis
    G. oblatus
* Mooreoceras
* Pygmaeoceras
* Stenopronorites
    S. arkansiensis

### Coral

* Michelinia

### Gastropods

* Bellerophon
* Donaldina
* Euphemites
* Glabrocingulum
* Knightites (Retispira or Cymatospire)

### Scaphopods

* Laevidentalium

### Trilobites

* Paladin
# 1956 Saarland national football team

This article summarises the Saarland national football team in 1956; the last year of the Saarland national team following the 1955 Saar Statute referendum. Saarland played three friendly matches in 1956, drawing two and losing one.

## Player statistics

| Pos. | Player | Apps | Goals |
| GK | Horst Borcherding | 2 | 0 |
| GK | Hans Neuerburg | 1 | 0 |
| DF | Albert Keck | 2 | 0 |
| DF | Gerd Lauck | 3 | 0 |
| DF | Peter Momber | 0+1 | 0 |
| DF | Waldemar Philippi | 3 | 0 |
| DF | Werner Prauss | 1 | 0 |
| DF | Theodor Puff | 3 | 0 |
| MF | Kurt Clemens | 2 | 0 |
| FW | Fritz Altmeyer | 0+1 | 0 |
| FW | Herbert Binkert | 2 | 0 |
| FW | Manfred Ebert | 2 | 0 |
| FW | Günter Herrmann | 1 | 0 |
| FW | Dieter Honecker | 1 | 0 |
| FW | Peter Krieger | 2 | 0 |
| FW | Karl-Heinz Kunkel | 0+1 | 0 |
| FW | Herbert Martin | 2 | 0 |
| FW | Karl Ringel | 1+1 | 1 |
| FW | Gerhard Siedl | 2+1 | 1 |
| FW | Heinz Vollmar | 2 | 1 |
| FW | Ernst Zägel | 1 | 0 |
# John Hazzard Carson

John Hazzard Carson (March 24, 1752 – March 5, 1841) was an American military officer, politician, planter, and revolutionary. He served in the North Carolina Militia during the American Revolutionary War and as a delegate for Burke County to the Fayetteville Convention. Carson served in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1805 and 1806. He was the owner of Carson House, a plantation in Marion, North Carolina.

## Early life

Carson was born in County Fermanagh in 1752 to Scotch-Irish parents. He arrived in the Thirteen Colonies in 1773, living in the Province of Pennsylvania for two years before settling in Burke County, a part of the Colonial frontier in the Province of North Carolina.

## Military career

During the American Revolution, Carson served in the North Carolina Militia. He enlisted in March 1776 in the 2nd Rowan County Regiment under Captain William Moore, Reuben White and Joseph McDowell. That same year, he served as Forage Master under General Griffith Rutherford, as a volunteer in William Moore's company of Col. Christopher Beekmans of the Rowan County Regiment, in the Cross Creek Expedition, and in a skirmish against a Cherokee siege in North Fork of the Catawba River. In 1777 he served in actions against the Cherokee under the command of Captain William Moore and, in 1778, he served under the command of Captain McDowell. In 1781, he was a forage master under Brigadier General Griffith Rutherford and Colonel Charles McDowell and was promoted to the rank of captain. In 1782 he served as paymaster of the Burke County Regiment and, later, was promoted to the rank of colonel.

## Political career

Carson represented Burke County in the Fayetteville Convention that ratified the United States Constitution in 1789. From 1805 to 1806, he served in the North Carolina General Assembly as a representative of Burke County and was active in county government.

## Personal life

Carson married Rachel Matilda McDowell in 1778. They had seven children.
In 1793, he received a land grant for six hundred and forty acres on the waters of Buck Creek and Clear Creek, near what would become Marion. It was here that he built his plantation Garden Hill. As many as sixty-eight people were enslaved on his plantation.
After the death of his first wife, Carson married Mary Moffett McDowell, the widow of Major Joseph McDowell of Pleasant Gardens Plantation. He had five more children from his second marriage.
He died in Buck Creek on March 5, 1841.
# Louisiana Highway 975

Louisiana Highway 975 (LA 975) is a gravel state highway in central Louisiana. It runs north–south for 18.4 miles (29.6 km). The southern terminus is at Whiskey Bay in Iberville Parish, and the northern terminus is east of Krotz Springs at a junction with U.S. Route 190 (US 190) and the north, south LA 973, in Pointe Coupee Parish. The entire route traverses the Sherburne Complex WMA, which is a combined Sherburne WMA, Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge, and Bayou Des Ourse, managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. The road runs between the Atchafalaya River and Whiskey Bay Pilot Channel on the west and the East Protection Levee on the east.

## Route description

The short route actually runs south of Interstate 10 (I-10) a few miles and makes a loop. The access road from I-10, exit 127 south, has been barricaded and thus the only direction of travel is north. The route is a poorly maintained gravel road that, as most roads of this type, is very dusty during the dry season. Starting in Iberia Parish, LA 975 crosses into St. Martin Parish, then Pointe Coupee Parish before intersecting with US 190. The road travels north through the swampy bottomland of the Atchafalaya Basin, that is part of the Morganza Flood way system, and prone to severe flooding with high water. LA 975 passes Bobtail Bayou, intersects with Bayou Manuel Road, which is at the split of the Atchafalaya River and the beginning of the Whiskey Bay Pilot Channel, then passes the base of Big Alabama Bayou, intersecting with River Road. Continuing north, LA 975 begins to run between the Atchafalaya River, Little Alabama Bayou, and intersects with Happytown Road. At this point Coswell Bayou begins to run in between LA 975 and the Little Alabama Bayou to a point just north of the Point Coupee Parish line. LA 975 intersects Main Road before continuing to the northern terminus at US 190 and LA 973.

## History

The route of LA 975 began as a simple trading trail then a lumber tram road from the Town of Sherburne that sprang up around the 1880s and that disappeared when the lumber played out in the 1930s becoming a ghost town. The Sherburne WMA headquarters is located on the old town site alongside the highway. The primary function of the road now is north and south access to the wildlife management areas the road services as well as an access road to oil and gas wells.

## Current

Planning has been ongoing for some time for the upgrade of the road. Ditches will be widened to minimize flooding but the ditches to the land side will have to be the focus of attention, so as not to damage nesting areas, as the entire route falls within the protected area of the Sherburn Complex.

## Major intersections

| Parish | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Iberville | Whiskey Bay | 0.00 | 0.00 | I-10 | Southern terminus at exit 127 on I-10 |
| St. Martin | No major junctions | No major junctions | No major junctions | No major junctions | No major junctions |
| Pointe Coupee | Krotz Springs | 18.43 | 29.66 | US 190 | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# M-122 (Michigan highway)

M-122 was a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan entirely in the city of St. Ignace. The highway connected US Highway 2 (US 2) to the State Highway Ferry Dock used before the Mackinac Bridge was built. It was retired and the road returned to local control in 1957.

## Route description

Prior to the opening of the Mackinac Bridge, travelers wishing to venture from St. Ignace to Mackinaw City had to do so via ferry. M-122 began at US 2 (now Business Loop Interstate 75) near Straits State Park and traveled through town along Ferry Road where it ran southeasterly from the main highway. East of Hornbach Street M-122 curved around to the east near Paro Street. The highway ended at the State Ferry Docks on the southeast side of the city next to the Coast Guard station.

## History

M-122 was initially assumed into the state highway system in 1929 as a connector between US 31 and Straits State Park. In 1936, US 2 was routed into St. Ignace and US 31 was scaled back to end in the Lower Peninsula in Mackinaw City. M-122 now provided a connection between US 2 and the new docks on the southeast side of the city. It existed in this capacity until 1957 when the Mackinac Bridge opened to traffic.

## Major intersections

The entire highway was in St. Ignace, Mackinac County.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.000 | 0.000 | US 2 | Prior to 1936 the road terminated at US 31 which is currently BL I-75 |
| 1.068 | 1.719 | State Ferry Docks | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Hasht Bihisht (architecture)

In architecture, a hasht-behesht (هشت‌بهشت, hašt-behešt), literally meaning "eight heavens" in Persian, is a type of floor plan consisting of a central hall surrounded by eight rooms, the earliest recognized example of which in Iranian architecture is traced to the time of the Persianate Timurid Empire. The term was used in Persian literature as a metaphorical image, and was later notably used in a poem by Indian poet Amir Khusrow, who gave the most comprehensible literary reconstruction of the model in his adaptation of an Iranian epic about Sasanian ruler Bahram V, as well as in other works by Ottoman poets Sehi Bey and Idris Bitlisi. The architectural form was adopted and used also in Ottoman and Mughal architectures.
The concept of hasht-behesht is linked to that of the Zoroastrian vahišta (Avestan for "best"; cognate with Middle Persian wahišt, New Persian behešt), a building decorated with precious stones that would represent the astrological concept of eight planets corresponding to eight heavens. It is closely related to Islamic eschatology, in which heaven is described as having eight gates and eight spaces, and is also observed in Christian symbolism in the concept of salvation. Similarly, the Chinese magic square, which was employed for numerous purposes, finds its way into Islamic mathematicians as "wafq". Ninefold schemes find particular resonance in the Indian mandalas, the cosmic maps of Hinduism and Buddhism.

## Iran

Although the trace of an older Sasanian equivalent is presumed, the earliest recognized use of the hasht-behesht plan is traced to a now non-extant two-storied pavilion named Tarab-khana that was built under the reign of the Persianate Timurid Empire in Herat, a prominent city in medieval Khorasan. Later, under the reign of Iran's Safavid dynasty, the same plan was used in the eponymous pavilion of Hasht Behesht in Isfahan.

## Mughal India

In the architecture of the Persianate Mughal Empire, hasht-behesht was the favorite plan for gardens and pavilions, as well as for mausolea (seen as a funerary form of pavilion). These were planned as square or rectangular buildings divided into nine sections, with a central domed chamber surrounded by eight elements. Later, developments of the hasht-behesht divided the square at 45 degree angles to create a more radial plan, which often also includes chamfered corners; examples of which can be found in Todar Mal's Baradari at Fatehpur Sikri and Humayun's Tomb. Each element of the plan is reflected in the elevations with iwans and the corner rooms expressed through smaller arched niches. Such structures are often topped with chattris, small pillared pavilions at each corner.
# Julia Davis (fencer)

Julia Davis (born 25 February 1941) is a British fencer. She competed in the women's team foil event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Kate Alicia Morgan

Kate Alicia Morgan (born 9 June 1983) is a Welsh beauty queen, model and actress. She is the official title holder of Miss Latin America UK 2010 and the first Welsh contestant to win the UK title. She competed in the international finals Miss Latin America of the World 2010, or known in Spanish as Miss America Latina Del Mundo2010, held in Dominican Republic. She appeared in the 2010 Bollywood movie Housefull directed by Sajid Khan alongside Akshay Kumar and former Miss World winner Lara Dutta.
She won the 'Europe's Perfect Woman' title in 2011 and entered the 'World's Perfect Woman' contest in 2013 after taking a break to give birth to her son, Oshan.
Morgan was born in Cardiff. She works as a teacher and also does occasional work as an extra at the BBC's Roath Lock studios in Cardiff Bay.
# M-186 (Michigan highway)

M-186 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan. Entirely within Fife Lake Township, in southeastern Grand Traverse County, the highway serves as a short connector between M-113 near Kingsley and US Highway 131 (US 131) at the village of Fife Lake. The current incarnation of M-186 is the second usage of the designation, as it was originally used for a highway in Delta County in the 1930s.

## Route description

M-186 forms an easterly extension of M-113 from Kingsley to Fife Lake. The highway starts south of a 90-degree curve in M-113 and runs east through flat, wooded terrain to Fife Lake. The roadway runs parallel to the survey section lines in Fife Lake Township, and it passes several residences along the whole length. From the eastern terminus, State Street connects M-186 and US 131 with downtown Fife Lake.
In 2007, the average annual daily traffic (AADT) surveys conducted by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) showed that 2,100 vehicles used M-186. M-113 west of M-186 logged an average of 7,800 vehicles a day north of the junction and 4,400 vehicles south of the junction. On the east end, US 131 carried 5,100 vehicles north and 4,800 vehicles south of the junction in Fife Lake. Of the 2,100 vehicles on M-186, only 140 trucks travelled the highway each day on average.

## History
### Previous designation

In the 1930s, M-186 was previously designated on a 4.3-mile (6.9 km) connector route in the Upper Peninsula between US 2/US 41 at Rapid River and M-35 near Brampton. This designation existed from 1932 until July 26, 1939, forming a route for westbound US 2 traffic to access M-35 northbound towards Gwinn and Negaunee.

### Current designation

In 1940, US 131 ended at a three-way convergence with M-113 and M-131 four miles (6 km) north of Walton Junction in Paradise Township. From this intersection, US 131 ran south to Walton Junction, M-113 ran west to Kingsley, and M-131 ran east toward Fife Lake before turning north to Petoskey. A new alignment of US 131 was built from Walton Junction directly to Fife Lake. This formed a third leg of a triangle of roads, allowing US 131 to bypass the Paradise Township intersection. US 131 replaced M-131 north from Fife Lake to Petoskey. M-113 was extended along the former section of US 131 south to Walton Junction. The remaining leg of the triangle from Paradise Township to Fife Lake along a portion of the former M-131 was designated M-186 at this time.
In 2017, MDOT announced plans to build a roundabout at the eastern terminus of M-186 at US-131. This is the result of many crashes at this intersection (nearly 80 from 2007 to 2017), many of which because of low visibility. The project was supposed to be started and completed in the first half of 2019, although the project was finished in late July of that year.

## Major intersections

The entire highway is in Fife Lake Township, Grand Traverse County.
| mi | km | Destinations |
| 0.000 | 0.000 | M-113 – Kingsley |
| 2.493 | 4.012 | US 131 – Cadillac, Kalkaska, Petoskey |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# M-216 (Michigan highway)

M-216 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan that serves as a connector route between M-40 at Marcellus and US Highway 131 (US 131). The highway runs through a rural area of the southwestern part of the state. It has been a part of the highway system since 1935; the current form of the roadway was finalized in 1939. Between 2,400 and 3,900 vehicles use the highway each day on average.

## Route description

M-216 begins at a junction with M-40 in the village of Marcellus to the southwest of Kalamazoo. The highway follows Main Street eastward in the village, crossing a branch line of the Canadian National Railway. East of town, M-216 passes through farm fields and jogs to the south around Lewis Lake. The highway runs along Marcellus Road through the rural landscape that is a mix of farm fields and woods. The trunkline crosses the Cass – St. Joseph county line before running through the unincorporated community of Howardsville in Flowerfield Township. After passing by the Pine View Golf Club, the road comes to its end at US 131.
The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) maintains M-216 like other state highways in Michigan. As a part of these maintenance responsibilities, the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction. These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic, which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway. MDOT's surveys in 2009 showed that the highest traffic levels along M-216 were the 3,853 vehicles daily in the village of Marcellus; the lowest counts were the 2,421 vehicles immediately east of town. No section of M-216 has been listed on the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.

## History

M-216 has existed in its current location since its creation in 1935. Two sets of changes to the roadway were made in the late 1930s. The first came in late 1938 when a new 0.7-mile (1.1 km) long segment was newly built to replace an 0.9-mile (1.4 km) segment which contained sharp turns. In 1939, the road paving was completed. Since then, the road has existed on its current alignment.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Cass | Marcellus | 0.000 | 0.000 | M-40 – Paw Paw |
| St. Joseph | Park Township | 9.379 | 15.094 | US 131 – Three Rivers, Kalamazoo |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Reginald Ely

Reginald Ely or Reynold of Ely (fl. 1438–1471) was an English master mason and architect working in Gothic architecture in the Kingdom of England in the 15th century. He "must be regarded as one of the greatest C15 English architects" for his contribution to King's College Chapel, Cambridge - one of the most salient examples of the Perpendicular style which characterized the 14th–17th centuries of English Gothic architecture.
Reginald's career is first attested in 1438 during his work at Peterhouse in Cambridge; there he was responsible for a staircase to the college library and possibly for part of the kitchen-wing of the great hall. He may also be responsible for the parish church of Burwell, Cambridgeshire (1454–64) and after 1446 for Queens' College, Cambridge.
He was most likely the architect of the chapel of King's College, part of the University of Cambridge and worked there since King Henry VI of England laid the first stone in 1446. Two years earlier Reginald was charged with sourcing craftsmen for the chapel's construction. He continued to work on the site until building was interrupted in 1461, having probably designed the elevations. The original plans called for lierne vaulting, and the piers of the choir were built to conform with them. Ultimately, a complex fan vault was constructed instead. Reginald probably designed the window at the extreme east of the church's north side: the east window of the easternmost subsidiary chapel, which unlike the Perpendicular style of the others is in curvilinear Gothic style.