OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marianna Dushar

Marianna Ihorivna Dushar (Ukrainian: Маріанна Ігорівна Душар) is a Ukrainian anthropologist and food writer, who specialises in the culinary heritage of the Halychyna region in central Europe.

## Biography

Dushar is from Lviv. She earned degrees from Lviv University in Biology and Biophysics. Her post-graduate research focussed on Ukrainian cuisine, with a particular focus on the food of Halychyna. She has argued for greater recognition of the potential for gastro-tourism of local food cultures in Ukraine. She has also argued that Galician cuisine has a particular quality due to the successive waves of migration to the region from across Europe. She also works to collect and publish historic recipes from the region, in order to facilitate resurgence in the region's culinary heritage. She also researches the culinary traditions of Ukrainian diaspora communities.
In 2019, Dushar was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship for a research project entitled, 'Reclaiming Ukraine's Gastronomic Traditions: More Than Just Borscht and Varenyky. The project was based in the Department of Social Anthropology in the Ethnology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. She also works on the history of borscht, and supported its inclusion as part of the UNESCO listing of Ukraine's intangible cultural heritage.
Dushar has co-authored several books, widening appreciation of the works of other writers, such as the novelist Sofia Andrukhovych, Daria Tsvek, Olha Franko, amongst others. Her recipe for mushroom and gherkin soup appeared in Summer Kitchens by Olia Hercules. She also writes under the pseudonym Pani Stefa, which she also used as the name for her blog.
In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Dushar published a recipe for Molotov cocktails on her blog.

## Selected publications

* У будні і свята - On High Days and Holidays (Видавництво Старого Лева, 2016)
* Галицькі смаколики: кулінарний записник [Halyt︠s︡ʹki Smakolyky: Kulinarnyĭ Zapysnyk] - Galician Delicacies: a Culinary Notebook (Vydavnyt︠s︡tvo Staroho Leva, 2019)
* 1-ша українська загально-практична кухня - 1st Ukrainian Practical Cuisine (2019)
* Львівська кухня - Lviv Cuisine (Folio Distribution, 2020)
# Richard Feldman

Richard Feldman may refer to:
* Richard Feldman (cyclist) (born 1969), American bicycle racer
* Richard Feldman (songwriter), American songwriter and producer
* Richard Feldman (philosopher), American philosopher and the interim president of the University of Rochester, 2017–2019
# Eric Sato

Eric Anthony Sato (born May 5, 1966) is an American former volleyball player and two-time Olympian. Sato was a member of the United States national volleyball team that won the gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He also played in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and won a bronze medal. He was a defensive specialist, and was widely considered to be the best defensive player in the world. After the Olympics, he played professional beach volleyball.
Though 5'11" (1.80 m) in height, Sato's 41" (1.04 m) vertical jump allowed him to be an effective spiker for the national team, including from the back row.

## College

Sato played college volleyball at Pepperdine University.

## Personal life

Sato's sister Liane played volleyball with the United States women's national team in both the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics, capturing a bronze medal in 1992. For the Sato family, a capstone was the 1988 Olympics, when Eric and Liane were both competing, and their brother Gary was a coach on the men's volleyball team.
# CKS

CKS may refer to:

## Transport

* Clarkston railway station, which has the National Rail code CKS
* The former IATA airport code for Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (IATA: TPE), which was formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport
* The ICAO code for Kalitta Air
* Chu Kong Passenger Transport Co., Ltd (CKS), a Hong Kong ferry company

## Other uses

* CKS Group, an American advertising company
* Checksum, to detect data errors
* Chiang Kai-shek (1887–1975), Chinese politician and military leader
* Chiyoda Kogaku Seiko, a Japanese camera manufacturer
* Ciné-Kodak Special, a series of video cameras (made 1930s–1960s)
# Tatra 11

The Tatra T11 is an automobile that was produced from 1923 through 1927. It was the first Tatra model to use backbone tube chassis, swinging half-axles and air-cooled engine, the development of which is still in use on the trucks produced by Tatra to this day.

## Origins

Hans Ledwinka created the design of the T11 while working for Steyr in Austria. He believed there was a need for a small car, and carried out the work in his own time. His design offered to the Steyr management was rejected. He left the company soon after to work for a previous employer, Nesseldorfer, in Moravia, which was soon to become Tatra. This was in 1921 and the development of the T11 started soon after. The T11 was produced between 1923 and 1927 with 3,847 examples made. It was then replaced by the T12, a development of the T11 design, with 7,222 being produced by 1936 when it was discontinued.

## Specifications

The Tatra T11 had its engine and gearbox in unit, bolted to the front of a tubular backbone with an integral propeller shaft that also served as the chassis. Bolted to the rear of the backbone is a final drive unit that, using an assembly of gears, not only changes the direction and speed of the drive, but facilitates the movement of swing axles without the need for flexible drive joints.
The T11's engine was an air-cooled horizontally opposed twin cylinder engine with overhead valves. It had a capacity of 1,057 cc (64.5 cu in) and was located above the front beam axle which was attached to it by a transverse semi-elliptical leaf spring.
* T11 engine
* T11 chassis

## Legacy

From 1931 the T12 was joined by the T57 with a 1155 cc air-cooled flat four engine, and the T54 with a 1465 cc engine of the same configuration; both models were based on the original T11 format. Only 486 T54 models were produced by 1936 when production stopped.
The T57 was developed in T57A, T57B, and T57K versions, remaining in production until 1948, by which time over 27,000 had been produced, the later models having a 1256 cc engine.
# Tour du coin (Louvre)

The tour du coin (or tour de la conférence) was one of the corner towers of the ancient wall of Philip II Augustus in Paris, built between 1190 and 1209.

## The Tour du Coin of the wall of Philippe-Auguste

This is one of the four main towers of the wall that protected the city against attacks from the river Seine. It stood at the corner of the downstream side of the river (i.e. the west side of the wall) on the right bank, opposite to the Tour de Nesle on the left bank, approximately at the current location of the Pont des Arts. At night, they put chains on ships installed in the middle of the river connecting the two towers to prevent incursions from the river, creating a boom defence.
Upstream of the city and on each side of the river, the Tour Barbeau [fr] (right bank) and the Château de la Tournelle (left bank) had the same goal.
These four towers were 25 meters high and 10 m in diameter. The tour du coin look like the tour de Nesle, which is best known. Like on this one, there was, a cylindrical narrow tower used for the external staircase and higher than the top deck of the tower.
At that time, the Château du Louvre stood outside the enclosure, strengthening it on the North-West side in direction of Normandy at that time occupied by the English.

## Later developments

The wall of Charles V was built on the right bank from 1356 to 1383 outside the walls of Philip Augustus. It enclosed the Louvre Castle.
On the new wall, a new westernmost tower, the Tour du Bois [fr] ("Tower of the wood") was built. However, the "tour du coin" was kept. A wall was built as a "return" between the Tour du Bois and the tour du coin along the River. The tour du coin remained necessary to prevent incursions of boats with the chains drawn through the river up to the Tour de Nesle on the left bank.
The main part of the tour du coin was demolished in 1531. The lowest part of the tower was destroyed only in 1719, with the reconstruction of the Quai du Louvre (Pier of Louvre).
# Ann-Christine Albertsson

Ann-Christine Albertsson is a Swedish chemist, currently Professor at Royal Institute of Technology and the Editor-in-Chief of American Chemical Society's Biomacromolecules. Her research interest are biomacromolecules and polymers.

## Education

She earned her Doctorate from Royal Institute of Technology in 1977.

## Career

She started as a lecturer at Royal Institute of Technology in 1980 before serving as acting professor in 1986 until being official appointed as professor in 1989. She has also been visiting scholar at Polytechnic University of New York, University of Kyoto, University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Research Institute for Polymers and Textiles.

## Selected publications

* Recent developments in ring opening polymerization of lactones for biomedical applications, AC Albertsson, IK Varma - Biomacromolecules, 2003, ACS Publications
* The mechanism of biodegradation of polyethylene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Volume 18, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 73–87.

## Recent publications

* Undin, Jenny; Olsén, Peter; Godfrey, Jamie; Odelius, Karin; Albertsson, Ann-Christine (2016). "Controlled copolymerization of the functional 5-membered lactone monomer, α-bromo-γ-butyrolactone, via selective organocatalysis". Polymer. 87. Elsevier BV: 17–25. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.067. ISSN 0032-3861.
* Arias, Veluska; Olsén, Peter; Odelius, Karin; Höglund, Anders; Albertsson, Ann-Christine (2016). "Forecasting linear aliphatic copolyester degradation through modular block design". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 130. Elsevier BV: 58–67. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.021. ISSN 0141-3910.
* Maleki, Laleh; Edlund, Ulrica; Albertsson, Ann-Christine (20 July 2016). "Green Semi-IPN Hydrogels by Direct Utilization of Crude Wood Hydrolysates". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 4 (8). American Chemical Society (ACS): 4370–4377. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00938. ISSN 2168-0485.
* Nugroho, Robertus Wahyu N.; Odelius, Karin; Höglund, Anders; Albertsson, Ann-Christine (11 May 2016). "Highlighting the Importance of Surface Grafting in Combination with a Layer-by-Layer Approach for Fabricating Advanced 3D Poly(l-lactide) Microsphere Scaffolds". Chemistry of Materials. 28 (10). American Chemical Society (ACS): 3298–3307. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00133. ISSN 0897-4756. PMC 5828707. PMID 29503506.
# Kucze Wielkie

Kucze Wielkie pronounced (also known as Kucze Duże) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jedwabne, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Kucze is located some 148 kilometres (92 mi) North-East of Warsaw in the historical region of Mazowsze (Masovia in English), on the outskirts of the Biebrza National Park.
# Adrian Mrowiec

Adrian Mrowiec (born 1 December 1983) is a Polish professional football manager and player who is currently in charge of IV liga club Górnik Wałbrzych. He occasionally plays for Klasa B club Unia Bogaczowice.

## Career
### Hearts

Mrowiec joined Hearts on loan from FBK Kaunas in 2008 as a holding midfielder. He made his debut against Falkirk in a 2–1 away defeat.

### Arka Gdynia

In July 2009, he moved to Arka Gdynia in the Polish Ekstraklasa on a one-year loan.

### Return to Hearts

Mrowiec returned to Hearts for a trial spell in 2010 and he subsequently signed a three-year contract. He left Hearts in May 2012 having not being offered a new contract.

### Germany

On 18 May 2012, he joined German side RB Leipzig on a two-year contract. He was released by the club without making a league appearance and signed for Chemnitzer FC.

## Honours

FBK Kaunas
* A Lyga: 2007
* Lithuanian Cup: 2007–08
Heart of Midlothian
* Scottish Cup: 2011–12
# Linówek, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Linówek, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasnopol, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Krasnopol, 17 km (11 mi) west of Sejny, and 117 km (73 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
From 1975-1998 the village was administratively governed by the Suwałki Voivodeship.
# 627th Radar Squadron

The 627th Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 32d Air Division, Air Defense Command (ADC), stationed at Crystal Springs Air Force Station, Mississippi. It was inactivated on 8 September 1968.
The squadron was originally activated in 1946 as one of the first Aircraft Control & Warning Squadrons (AC&W Sq) when the Army Air Forces assumed the radar detection mission from the Signal Corps in 1946. Its mission was to provide air defense for the island of Guam. It was inactivated when its parent group moved from Guam to Okinawa.
The unit was reactivated in 1957 as a General Surveillance Radar unit under ADC, providing for the air defense of the Gulf Coast of North America, although it was apparently only a paper unit without personnel or equipment until moving to its programmed site in Mississippi. In 1958, the squadron provided support to contractors participating in the radar frequency diversity test program. In 1959, the squadron joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment system and was redesignated as a Radar Squadron. It was discontinued and inactivated in 1968, when the Department of Defense decided to draw down air defenses in the Gulf Coast region.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the 627th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, ca. June 1946
    Activated ca 18 July 1946
    Inactivated on 22 June 1948
    Activated on 8 April 1957
    Redesignated 627th Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 October 1959
    Discontinued and inactivated on 8 September 1968
Assignments
* Probably 529th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 18 July 1946–22 June 1948
* 35th Air Division, 1 September 1957
* 32d Air Division, 15 November 1958
* Montgomery Air Defense Sector, 1 November 1959
* 32d Air Division, 1 April 1966 – 8 September 1968
Stations
* Northwest Guam Air Force Base, Guam, ca 18 July 1946–20 March 1948
* Harmon AFB, Guam, 20 March 1948–22 June 1948
* Dobbins AFB, Georgia, 8 April 1957–1 September 1958
* Crystal Springs AFS, Mississippi, 1 September 1958–8 September 1968
# Berkay Can Değirmencioğlu

Berkay Can Değirmencioğlu (born 12 January 1993) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a central defender for Çorum.
Değirmencioğlu has represented the Turkish Football Federation at the U20 and U21 levels.
# Elsa Teixeira Pinto

Elsa Maria Teixeira de Barros Pinto is a São Tomé and Príncipe politician, and the country's former Defence and Justice Minister and from December 2018 until September 2020 Foreign Minister.
In 2003 and 2004 (at least), she was a member of the Council of Ministers, as Secretary of State for Administrative Reform and Public Administration, and was a member of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD) political party. In 2004, she was also Minister for Justice.
According to Pravda, she was Minister of Defence, as well as Minister for Justice, from 2008 to 2010. According to Whitaker's Almanack, she was still Minister of Defence as of July 2011.
In February 2013, she was the Attorney-General of São Tomé and Príncipe, when she was exonerated by a presidential decree of having issued a cheque for US$15,000 with insufficient funds to honour it to pay for car hire charges during the 2011 presidential elections.
In November 2015, she stood against Aurélio Martins (the incumbent, and competing for the second time, having been the party leader since 2011) for the leadership of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD) political party after the economist Agostinho Meira Rita merged his candidacy with hers.
# Sally Dryer

Sally Dryer (born 1957) is an American former child voice actress, artist, and store owner best known for her voice-over work in the 1960s.

## Career

Dryer provided the voices for several Peanuts characters in television specials and film from 1965 to 1969. Dryer first started as the voice of Violet in A Boy Named Charlie Brown (1963) and A Charlie Brown Christmas (1965), before going on to Lucy in four Peanuts specials Charlie Brown's All-Stars (1966), It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown (1966), You're in Love, Charlie Brown (1967), and He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown (1968).
Dryer then provided the voice of Patty (not to be confused with the character of Peppermint Patty) in the feature film A Boy Named Charlie Brown. Dryer's last stint with the Peanuts gang was performing the voices of Clara, Shirley, and Sophie in It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown.
Dryer also starred as herself in a pair of documentaries on the 1960s Peanuts television phenomenon. Dryer was interviewed on the special documentary You Don't Look 40, Charlie Brown (1990); and on the documentary The Making of "A Charlie Brown Christmas" (2001).

## Personal life

She is a lesbian and lives with her partner in Jerome, Arizona.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1963 | A Boy Named Charlie Brown | Violet Gray | Voice role |
| 1965 | A Charlie Brown Christmas | Violet Gray | Voice role |
| 1966 | Charlie Brown's All-Stars! | Lucy van Pelt | Voice role |
| 1966 | It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown | Lucy van Pelt | Voice role |
| 1967 | You're in Love, Charlie Brown | Lucy van Pelt | Voice role |
| 1968 | He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown | Lucy van Pelt | Voice role |
| 1969 | It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown | Clara/Shirley/Sophie | Voice role |
| 1969 | A Boy Named Charlie Brown | Patty | Voice role |
| 1990 | You Don't Look 40, Charlie Brown | Herself | |
| 2001 | The Making of "A Charlie Brown Christmas" | Herself | |
# Minnesota State Highway 169

Minnesota State Highway 169 (MN 169) is a 48.853-mile-long (78.621 km) highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with U.S. Highway 53 in Wuori Township (immediately north of the city of Virginia) and continues northeast to its northern terminus at the intersection of Lake County Road 18 and Power Dam Road in Fall Lake Township (6-miles east of Ely). State Highway 169 becomes Lake County Road 18 at this point.
State Highway 169 is numbered as an extension of U.S. Highway 169, using the same mileage that began at the Iowa state line.
The route runs concurrent with State Highway 1 for 26 miles (42 km) from Vermilion Lake Township (west of Tower) to Ely.

## Route description

State Highway 169 serves as a north–south route in northeast Minnesota between the cities of Virginia, Tower, Ely, and Winton.
The route passes through the Superior National Forest at two different points.
Soudan Underground Mine State Park is located near State Highway 169, two miles east of Tower.
Bear Head Lake State Park is located 7 miles south of the junction of State Highway 169 and County Road 128 (in Eagles Nest Township, 9 miles east of Tower). The park entrance is located on County Road 128.
State Highway 169 is one of three Minnesota state marked highways to carry the same number as an existing U.S. marked highway within the state, the others being Highways 61 and 65.

## History

State Highway 169 was numbered as an extension of U.S. 169.
The route was authorized on April 22, 1933 from the city of Virginia to the junction with Highway 135 (formerly 35) in Tower, where the highway terminated until 1953.
The six-mile (10 km) segment running from Ely to Fall Lake Township was authorized in 1949 and originally designated State Highway 221 until 1953, when State Highway 169 was extended over State Highway 1 to Ely.
Highway 169 was paved by 1940. The segment east of Ely was paved by 1950.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| St. Louis | Wuori Township | 368.026– 368.246 | 592.280– 592.634 | US 53 – Virginia, Duluth, International Falls | Interchange |
| St. Louis | Peyla | 385.366 | 620.186 | MN 1 west – Cook | West end of MN 1 overlap |
| St. Louis | Peyla | 385.461 | 620.339 | CSAH 77 (Angus Road) – Vermilion Lake Reservation | Former MN 1 west |
| St. Louis | Tower | 389.468 | 626.788 | MN 135 south – Aurora | |
| St. Louis | Ely | 412.690 | 664.160 | MN 1 east – Isabella, MN 61 | East end of MN 1 overlap |
| Lake | Fall Lake Township | 416.889 | 670.918 | Power Dam Road / CSAH 18 (Fernberg Road) | Northern terminus; roadway continues as Fernberg Road |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Metro Vancouver Electoral Area A

Metro Vancouver Electoral Area A is a part of Metro Vancouver in British Columbia. It includes several unincorporated areas: the University Endowment Lands and the University of British Columbia, west of the City of Vancouver; Bowyer, Passage, and Barnston Islands; the west side of Pitt Lake; the northern portion of Indian Arm; and a large area to the north of the North Shore that is mostly mountainous and sparsely populated except for certain subdivisions between Horseshoe Bay and the Village of Lions Bay.
The Electoral Area is represented by a director on the board of the regional district. This is an elected position, with a four-year term. The current director is Jen McCutcheon.

## Communities

* Barnston Island
* Buntzen Bay
* Gambier Island Trust Area (part)
** Bowyer Island
** Passage Island
* Granite Falls
* Strachan Creek
* UBC Campus
* University Endowment Lands

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census, Statistics Canada reported that Metro Vancouver A had a population of 18,612 living in 7,682 of its 9.201 total dwellings, a 15.4% change from its 2016 population of 16,133. With a land area of 815.21 km$^2$ (314.75 sq mi), it had a population density of 22.8/km$^2$ (59.1/sq mi) in 2011.
Population by community :
| Area | Population | Population | % change 2016-2021 |
| Area | 2016 | 2021 | % change 2016-2021 |
| UBC campus | 12,908 | 15,103 | +17.0% |
| University Endowment Lands | 2,982 | 3,193 | +7.1% |
| Total urban population | 15890 | 18296 | +15.1% |
| Barnston Island | 127 | 111 | -12.6% |
| Howe Sound communities (including Passage and Bowyer Islands) | 72 | 104 | +44.4% |
| Indian Arm/Pitt Lake communities | 44 | 101 | +129.5% |
| Total rural population | 243 | 316 | +30% |
| Electoral Area A | 16,133 | 18,612 | 15.4% |
Canada 2006 Census :
| Ethnicity | Ethnicity | Population | % of Total Population |
| Visible minority groups | South Asian | 300 | 2.7% |
| Visible minority groups | Chinese | 3,370 | 30.8% |
| Visible minority groups | Black | 155 | 1.4% |
| Visible minority groups | Filipino | 20 | 0.2% |
| Visible minority groups | Latin American | 170 | 1.6% |
| Visible minority groups | Arab | 190 | 1.7% |
| Visible minority groups | Southeast Asian | 110 | 1% |
| Visible minority groups | West Asian | 390 | 3.6% |
| Visible minority groups | Korean | 1,025 | 9.4% |
| Visible minority groups | Japanese | 255 | 2.3% |
| Visible minority groups | Other visible minority | 15 | 0.1% |
| Visible minority groups | Mixed visible minority | 25 | 0.2% |
| Total visible minority population | Total visible minority population | 6,040 | 55.2% |
| Aboriginal groups | First Nations | 60 | 0.5% |
| Aboriginal groups | Métis | 0 | 0% |
| Aboriginal groups | Inuit | 0 | 0% |
| Total Aboriginal population | Total Aboriginal population | 55 | 0.5% |
| White | White | 4,840 | 44.3% |
| Total population | Total population | 10,935 | 100% |