OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac

Bernard Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac (12 August 1806 – 31 January 1880) was a French journalist and politician.

## Biography

Born in Avéron-Bergelle, département of Gers, to gentleman glassmaker Pierre-Paul Granier de Cassagnac (1771-?) and Ursule (née Lissagaray; 1775-1850), from 1818 to 1828 he lived with the family of his mother's brother, Laurent Prosper Lissagaray, whose son, Prosper-Olivier, was a journalist.
He began his career as a Parisian journalist in 1832, contributing defences of Romanticism and Conservatism to the Revue de Paris, the Journal des Débats, and to La Presse. Then he founded a political journal, L'Epoque (1845–1848), and his violent polemics in support of François Guizot brought him notoriety and some duels.
In 1851, in Le Constitutionnel, he declared himself openly an advocate of the French Empire, and in 1852 was elected as official candidate by the département of Gers to the Second Republic's National Assembly. As journalist and deputy he actively supported an absolutist policy, and also demanded the restoration of Roman Catholicism as state religion, opposed the laws in favor of the press, and was a member of the club of the rue de l'Arcade - the political allies of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte.
In March 1868 he accused the Liberal deputies of having received money from Wilhelm I of Prussia for opposing Bonaparte, and, when called upon for proof, submitted only false or trivial documents.
After the Empire's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the proclamation of the Third Republic (4 September 1870), Granier de Cassagnac fled to Belgium, and returned to France for the elections of 1876, and was elected deputy. He continued to combat all the republican reforms, but without electoral success.

## Family

In 1841 he married Rosa de Beaupin de Beauvalon, daughter of a wealthy Creole planter; his son Paul Adolphe Marie Prosper Granier de Cassagnac followed in his footsteps as a belligerent journalist.
# Calderside Academy

Calderside Academy is a Scottish secondary school in Blantyre. It was created by merging two local secondary schools (Blantyre High School and Earnock High School) on the land where Blantyre High School was. The school opened in January 2008 and was ceremonially opened by Fiona Hyslop MSP in November 2008.
The Academy has approximately 1400 pupils and around 100 teachers, making it one of the largest schools in Scotland.

## Notable pupils

* Jordan Allan (born 1998), footballer
# 1894 Colgate football team

The 1894 Colgate football team represented Colgate University in the 1894 college football season. The team captain for the 1894 season was Spencer Ford.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 6 | | Syracuse | Hamilton, NY (rivalry) | W 32–8 |
| | | St. Lawrence | Hamilton, NY | W 66–0 |
| October 20 | | St. John's Military Academy | Manlius, NY | T 6–6 |
| October 27 | 3:00 p.m. | vs. Bucknell | Scranton baseball parkScranton, PA | L 8–12 |
# 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup final

The 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was a soccer match to determine the winners of the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup. The match was held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on February 2, 2002, and was contested by the winners of the semi-finals, the United States and Costa Rica. This was the first Gold Cup Final that Costa Rica has reached, and the second ever from a Central American nation; the first one was in 1991 when Honduras reached the final. The United States won 2–0 with goals from Josh Wolff and Jeff Agoos, sealing their second-ever Gold Cup victory.

## Route to the final

| United States | United States | Round | Costa Rica | Costa Rica |
| Opponents | Result | Group stage | Opponents | Result |
| South Korea | 2–1 | Match 1 | Martinique | 2–0 |
| Cuba | 1–0 | Match 2 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1–1 |
| Group B winners Pos Team Pld Pts 1  United States 2 6 2  South Korea 2 1 3  Cuba 2 1 Source: | Group B winners Pos Team Pld Pts 1  United States 2 6 2  South Korea 2 1 3  Cuba 2 1 Source: | Final standings | Group C winners Pos Team Pld Pts 1  Costa Rica 2 4 2  Martinique 2 3 3  Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 Source: | Group C winners Pos Team Pld Pts 1  Costa Rica 2 4 2  Martinique 2 3 3  Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 Source: |
| Opponents | Result | Knockout stage | Opponents | Result |
| El Salvador | 4–0 | Quarter-finals | Haiti | 2–1 |
| Canada | 0–0 (4–2 (p)) | Semi-finals | South Korea | 3–1 |

## Match

| United States | Costa Rica |
Kasey Keller :
| DF | 2 | Frankie Hejduk |
| DF | 12 | Jeff Agoos |
| DF | 17 | Carlos Bocanegra |
| MF | 7 | Eddie Lewis |
| MF | 13 | Cobi Jones (c) | 84' |
| MF | 14 | Chris Armas 17' |
| MF | 25 | Pablo Mastroeni |
| FW | 15 | Josh Wolff | 78' |
| FW | 20 | Brian McBride | 89' |
| FW | 21 | Landon Donovan |
| Substitutions: |||
| MF | 8 | Richie Williams | 78' |
| FW | 9 | Brian West | 84' |
| FW | 5 | Clint Mathis | 89' | 90' |
| Manager: |||
| Bruce Arena |||
| GK | 1 | Erick Lonnis |
| DF | 3 | Luis Marín | 46' |
| DF | 5 | Gilberto Martínez |
| DF | 21 | Reynaldo Parks (c) |
| DF | 22 | Carlos Castro | 71' |
| MF | 6 | Wilmer López |
| MF | 8 | Mauricio Solís |
| MF | 15 | Harold Wallace | 59' |
| MF | 16 | Steven Bryce 74' |
| FW | 9 | Paulo Wanchope |
| FW | 11 | Rónald Gómez |
| Substitutions: ||
| MF | 10 | Walter Centeno | 46' |
| FW | 17 | Hernán Medford | 59' |
| FW | 20 | William Sunsing | 71' |
| Manager: ||
| Alexandre Guimaraes ||
# 2014–15 FBC Unione Venezia season

The 2014–15 season of F.B.C. Unione Venezia is their first season in the new Lega Pro format.
The club will plays in the Girone A north Italy.

## Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | ITA | Lukas Zima |
| — | GK | ITA | Stefano Fortunato |
| — | DF | ITA | Francesco Cernuto |
| — | DF | JOR | Shadi Ghosheh |
| — | DF | ITA | Alberto Giuliatto |
| — | DF | ITA | Elia Legati |
| — | DF | ITA | Marco Pisano |
| — | DF | ITA | Simone Sales |
| — | DF | ITA | Gaetano Capogrosso (since January) |
| — | DF | ITA | Maurizio Peccarisi (since January) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | ITA | Massimiliano Taddei |
| — | MF | ITA | Tommaso Bellazzini |
| — | MF | ITA | Gennaro Esposito |
| — | MF | DOM | Vinicio Espinal |
| — | MF | NGA | Edmund Hottor |
| — | MF | ITA | Federico Varano |
| — | MF | ITA | Mattia Zaccagni |
| — | MF | ITA | Davide Carcuro |
| — | FW | ITA | Fabio Alba |
| — | FW | ITA | Simone Magnaghi (on loan from Atalanta) |

### Left in January window

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | DF | ITA | Antonio Marino |
| — | DF | ITA | Emanuele Panzeri |
| — | FW | ITA | Raffaele Franchini |

## Staff
### Head coach

* Alessandro Dal Canto

### Assistant coach

* Vincenzo Italiano
# 2003 MLS All-Star Game

The 2003 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 8th Major League Soccer All-Star Game, played on August 2, 2003 at The Home Depot Center, now known as Dignity Health Sports Park, in Carson, California. The All-Star Game celebrated both the opening of the league's second soccer-specific stadium that season, as well as the announcement of the league's expansion with an eleventh team purchased by the owners of Mexico's Club Deportivo Guadalajara. Then-MetroStars head coach Bob Bradley was tapped to lead the MLS All-Stars against Guadalajara, commonly known as Chivas, and led by their head coach, Eduardo de la Torre.
A scoreless first half was marked by a defensive effort for the All-Stars. The Los Angeles Galaxy's Kevin Hartman made several key saves, while a backline led by Carlos Bocanegra of the Chicago Fire weathered a persistent Chivas attack. The Fire's Ante Razov scored the first goal in the second half thanks in part to a feed by the San Jose Earthquakes' Landon Donovan past a beaten Oswaldo Sánchez. Jair Garcia broke away from the defense and beat Hartman to tie the game, but the All-Stars responded shortly thereafter with the eventual-game winner by the Galaxy's Carlos Ruiz. The Fire's DaMarcus Beasley tipped in the All-Stars' third goal, which Chivas contested because of an assistant referee's offside call, which was waved off by Kevin Terry. A sellout crowd at The Home Depot Center celebrated the win, as well as the awarding of MVP to local favorite Carlos Ruiz.
# Robert Eberle

Robert Eberle (1815–1862), a German animal painter, was born at Meersburg, on Lake Constance on 22 July 1815. He died at Eberingg, near Munich, on 19 September 1862.

## Life

He was first instructed by J.J. Bidermann at Constance, and afterwards went to Munich in 1830, where he studied from nature and the works of Van de Velde and Du Jardin. He spent three months in America (1848), and then settled at Eberfing, near Munich, where he died from an accidental pistol shot. He especially excelled in painting sheep, and there is a Shepherdess by him in the Modern Gallery at Munich.
Works : Shepherd with Herd Returning Home (1840); Grain Harvest (1848); Morning at Weinheim, Leaving the Alp (1849); Frightened Sheep, Cattle Returning Home, Sheep Resting (1850);
Return from the Fields (1851); Alp on Benedicten Wall, Goats Starting for Pasture, Sheep Resting at Noon, Evening in Pasture, Sheep Resting and Shepherd Boy (1852); Sheep During Storm, Early Snow (1853); Shepherd and Sheep (1854); Shepherd's Dinner (1855); Sheep Driven by Dog (1850); Village; in the Morning, Peasant and Shepherd (1857); Sheep Driven over Precipice by an Eagle (1858), Carlsrube Gallery; Village Scene (1859); Suabian Shepherd with Herd (1860), New Pinakothek, Munich; Cows returning from Pasture (1861).
# Botting

Botting may refer to:

## Surname

* Anna Botting (born 1967), British TV news anchor
* Cam Botting (born 1954), Canadian professional ice hockey forward
* Douglas Botting (1934–2018), English explorer, author, biographer and TV presenter and producer
* Francis Joseph Botting (1819–1906), auctioneer in Adelaide, South Australia
* Gary Botting (born 1943), Canadian lawyer, legal scholar, naturalist, playwright and poet
* Graham Botting (1915–2007), New Zealand cricketer
* James Botting (1783–1857), hangman at Newgate Prison in London
* Louise Botting (born 1939), journalist, radio presenter and company director
* Ralph Botting (born 1955), former Major League Baseball pitcher
* Stephen Botting (1845–1927), English cricketer
* Steve Botting (born 1959), Canadian sprint canoeist

## Other

* Internet bot, software application that runs automated tasks over the internet
* Video game bot, an automated player in a video game
# South African Class 16A 4-6-2

The South African Railways Class 16A 4-6-2 of 1915 was a steam locomotive.
In 1915, the South African Railways placed two experimental four-cylinder simple expansion steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service. They were designated Class 16A.

## Manufacturer

The Class 16A 4-6-2 Pacific type locomotive was designed by D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1910 to 1922, and was built in 1915 by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) in Glasgow, Scotland. Two locomotives were delivered in November 1915, numbered 851 and 852.
Except that they had four cylinders instead of the usual two, they were identical in most respects to their predecessors, the Class 16, which were delivered by NBL a year earlier. They were also superheated, with Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes, and were also delivered with Type MP1 tenders with a 10 long tons (10.2 tonnes) coal capacity and a 4,250 imperial gallons (19,300 litres) water capacity.

## Four-cylinder experiment

With the Class 16A, Hendrie experimented with four-cylinder simple expansion (simplex) steam power. All four cylinders were arranged in line below the smokebox. The Walschaerts valve gear had rocker arms attached to the tail ends of the outer piston valves which passed through the frames and then actuated the adjacent inner piston's valves. It operated in the simplex configuration, whereby steam is fed directly to all four cylinders and spent steam is exhausted by all cylinders directly through the smokebox and up the chimney.
All four cylinders were the same size, with a 14 inches (356 millimetres) bore and 26 inches (660 millimetres) stroke, which presented a number of problems which had to be overcome to arrange two of these in the limited space between the frames. The outer cylinders drove the centre pair of coupled wheels, while the inner cylinders operated on a cranked leading coupled wheel axle. Each inside crank was arranged at an angle of 180 degrees with its adjacent outside crank.
The arrangement made for a very smooth-running locomotive capable of very fast running since the shouldering effect which occurs on two-cylinder locomotives was completely absent. They were very popular with their crews because of their smooth and steady running.
They did, however, have less tractive effort than the two-cylinder Class 16. Even though the Class 16A experiment was successful, the available space on a Cape gauge locomotive for four equal-sized in-line cylinders would prevent larger diameter cylinders from being fitted and the four-cylinder design was therefore never repeated by the SAR.

## Service

The two locomotives were placed in service on the Reef where they operated with reasonable success. Their biggest disadvantage was the difficult access to the inner cylinders. The last of these locomotives was withdrawn from service and scrapped during 1944.

## Illustration

* No. 852 on train no. 75 departing Braamfontein in June 1936
# Dave Braggins

David M. Braggins Jr. (January 9, 1945 – July 19, 2004) was a professional Canadian football offensive lineman who played nine seasons in the Canadian Football League for two different teams. He won the Leo Dandurand Trophy in 1975 and also was named CFL All-Star that season, and was a part of three Grey Cup championship teams with the Ottawa Rough Riders in 1968 and 1969, and the Montreal Alouettes in 1974. Braggins played college football at Florida State University.
# William Monson, 1st Viscount Oxenbridge

William John Monson, 1st Viscount Oxenbridge PC (18 February 1829 – 16 April 1898), known as The Lord Monson between 1862 and 1886, was a British Liberal politician. He served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard between 1880 and 1885 and in 1886 under William Ewart Gladstone.

## Background

Monson was the son of William Monson, 6th Baron Monson, and Eliza, daughter of Edmund Larken. The diplomat Sir Edmund Monson, 1st Baronet, was his younger brother. He was educated at Windlesham House School (1838-42), Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

## Political career

Monson was elected Member of Parliament for Reigate in 1858, a seat he held until he succeeded his father in the peerage in 1862 and entered the House of Lords. He served under William Ewart Gladstone as Treasurer of the Household in 1874 and as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard between 1880 and 1885 and in 1886 and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1874. In 1886, he was created Viscount Oxenbridge, of Burton in the County of Lincoln. He again held office under Gladstone as Master of the Horse between 1892 and 1894. From 1880 to 1892 he was Chief Liberal Whip in the House of Lords.
He was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 2nd Surrey Rifle Volunteer Corps and its successor, the 1st Volunteer Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey), on 18 March 1882.

## Family

Lord Oxenbridge married Maria, Dowager Countess of Yarborough, daughter of Cornwallis Maude, 3rd Viscount Hawarden, and widow of Charles Pelham, 2nd Earl of Yarborough, on 7 August 1869. The marriage was childless. She died in December 1897. Lord Oxenbridge only survived her by a few months and died in April 1898, aged 69. As he had no children the viscountcy became extinct on his death, while he was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, Debonnaire Monson, 8th Baron Monson.
# Alekhine's gun

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Alekhine's gun is a formation in chess named after the former world chess champion Alexander Alekhine. It is a specific kind of battery. This formation was named after a game he played against Aron Nimzowitsch in Sanremo 1930, ending with Alekhine's decisive victory.

## Concept

The idea consists of placing the two rooks stacked one behind another and the queen at the rear. This can lead to substantial material loss for the opponent as it places considerable pressure on the "target" of the gun, especially if it is pinned (in this case it was only four moves before resignation).

## Original "Alekhine's gun" game

Here is the game that spawned Alekhine's gun:

## Other games

Six years later, in 1936, Alekhine defeated William Winter using Alekhine's gun again. Since then, players have learned much about using and guarding against this formation; however, some international games are still lost or won by the force of this tactic. In November 2018 it was successfully used by Ju Wenjun against Kateryna Lagno in game 4 of the FIDE Women's World Championship. The attack could have been refuted with perfect defense, but Lagno was unable to find it and resigned five moves later. Ju Wenjun went on to win the match and with it the title.

## In popular culture

The video game Alekhine's Gun is named after this chess formation.
# Rusk County Expo Center

The Rusk County Expo Center is a 4,700-seat multi-purpose arena in Henderson, Texas. Built in 1995 at a cost of $3.2 million, it hosts various livestock-related and other events.
In 2015, it was announced as the home of the Pineywoods Bucks of American Indoor Football for 2016, however, the team appears to have folded prior to ever fielding a team.
# Clinton M. Hedrick

Clinton M. Hedrick (May 1, 1918 – March 28, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II during Operation Varsity. Not long after his actions he died of his wounds.

## Biography

Hedrick joined the Army from Riverton, West Virginia in September 1940, and by March 27, 1945, was serving as a technical sergeant in Company I, 194th Glider Infantry Regiment, 17th Airborne Division. On that day and the next, near Lembeck, Germany, he repeatedly charged through heavy fire to attack German positions and alone followed a group of German soldiers when they retreated into a castle. When the Germans indicated that they wished to surrender, Hedrick and four other men entered the castle, only to be fired upon by a German self-propelled gun. Hedrick was fatally wounded, but successfully covered the withdrawal of his men. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor seven months later, on October 19, 1945.
Hedrick, aged 26 at his death, was buried in North Fork Memorial Cemetery, Riverton, West Virginia.

## Medal of Honor citation

Technical Sergeant Hedrick's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   He displayed extraordinary heroism and gallantry in action on 27 – March 28, 1945, in Germany. Following an airborne landing near Wesel, his unit was assigned as the assault platoon for the assault on Lembeck. Three times the landing elements were pinned down by intense automatic weapons fire from strongly defended positions. Each time, T/Sgt. Hedrick fearlessly charged through heavy fire, shooting his automatic rifle from his hip. His courageous action so inspired his men that they reduced the enemy positions in rapid succession. When 6 of the enemy attempted a surprise, flanking movement, he quickly turned and killed the entire party with a burst of fire. Later, the enemy withdrew across a moat into Lembeck Castle. T/Sgt. Hedrick, with utter disregard for his own safety, plunged across the drawbridge alone in pursuit. When a German soldier, with hands upraised, declared the garrison wished to surrender, he entered the castle yard with 4 of his men to accept the capitulation. The group moved through a sally port, and was met by fire from a German self-propelled gun. Although mortally wounded, T/Sgt. Hedrick fired at the enemy gun and covered the withdrawal of his comrades. He died while being evacuated after the castle was taken. His great personal courage and heroic leadership contributed in large measure to the speedy capture of Lembeck and provided an inspiring example to his comrades.
   A monumental tablet is placed on the Lembeck Castle entrance gate in 2022 initiated by Dutch researcher and Battlefield tourguide Jos Bex with financial support of the US 17th Airborne Association.
# Ptilotus appendiculatus

Ptilotus appendiculatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with egg-shaped leaves and spikes of pink flowers.

## Description

Ptilotus appendiculatus is a prostrate perennial herb that typically grows up to 4–15 cm (1.6–5.9 in) high. Its leaves are egg-shaped, 7–100 mm (0.28–3.94 in) long, 3–25 mm (0.12–0.98 in) wide and hairy. The flowers are borne in oval or cylindrical spikes 10–35 mm (0.39–1.38 in) long and 12–33 mm (0.47–1.30 in) wide, the flowers densely clustered. There are hairy bracts 4.0–5.5 mm (0.16–0.22 in) long and hairy bracteoles mostly 5.3–7.7 mm (0.21–0.30 in) long with a prominent midrib. The tepals are pink, the outer tepals 11.3–13.4 mm (0.44–0.53 in) long and the inner tepals 10.8–12.7 mm (0.43–0.50 in) long. There are two fertile stamens and three staminodes, the ovary is hairy and the style is 2.5–4.5 mm (0.098–0.177 in) long. Flowering occurs in July and August.

## Taxonomy

Ptilotus appendiculatus was first formally described in 1959 by Gerhard Benl in the journal Muelleria from specimens collected on Globe Hill Station in 1905. The specific epithet (appendiculatus) means 'appendiculate', referring to the tips of the tepals.

## Distribution

This species of Ptilotus grows in the Carnarvon, Gascoyne and Pilbara bioregions of northern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Ptilotus appendiculatus is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Forge Farm

Forge Farm is an historic farm in Warwick, Rhode Island. Established in the mid-17th century by the Greene family, it is one of the oldest farms in Rhode Island. It was the birthplace of General Nathanael Greene, a prominent American general in the American Revolutionary War. The core of the main house was built in 1684 by James Greene, son of John Greene, who purchased the land from local Native Americans. It has been extended and altered numerous times in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nathanael Greene was born in this house in 1742, and the farm was owned for many years by Nathanael's brother Christopher, and wife, Deborah (Ward) Greene, daughter of Continental Congress member Samuel Ward.
The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.