OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Omar Elwary

Omar Amin Suleiman Khamis Suleiman Elwary, also known as Omar Elwary, (1903–1972) was a Palestinian politician, who was the mayor of East Jerusalem.

## Career

On 21 May 1948, following the 1948 Palestine war, and by order of the Jordanian Arab Army authorities, he formed the Military Court to consider issues related to security and public order. On 16 June 1948, he was appointed Head of the District Court in Jerusalem. On 1 January 1949, he was appointed as a judge in the Supreme court of Appeal in Jerusalem and the West Bank of Jordan. On 29 June 1949, he began practicing the legal profession, and in the meantime, on 18 August 1951, he took up the defense with a group of attorneys Jerusalem lawyers, namely Yahya Hammouda, Hanna Atallah, Jabra Al-Anqar, Issa Aqel, Nasri Nasr, Aziz Shehadeh, and Wafiq Younis Al-Husseini in the case the killing of Abdullah I bin Al Hussein.
On 23 October 1951, Elwary was elected a member of the Jerusalem Municipal Council. On 12 March 1952, he was appointed head of the municipal council of East Jerusalem and remained so until the end of 1955. During this period, he carried out several projects to implement the necessary services for the holy city, including water and sewage projects, and opening the necessary roads for the city, in addition to expanding the borders of the Jerusalem municipality to include the neighboring areas as well to the form it is now.
In his capacity as mayor of East Jerusalem, he received King Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and King Hussein bin Talal, King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1953, during King Saud's visit to Jerusalem (Al-Quds Al-Sharif).
Al-Hajj Omar Elwary died in April 1972 in Jerusalem at the age of 69 years.
The Waary-Shawarma, popular in Jerusalem and Jerichow, dates back to his dynasty.
# Kihawahine

Kihawahine is a Hawaiian shapeshifting lizard goddess (moʻo). When Kihawahine Mokuhinia Kalama‘ula Kalā‘aiheana, the daughter of the powerful sixteenth-century ruling chief of Māui, Piʻilani, and his wife Lā‘ieloheloheikawai, died, her bones were deified, transforming her into the goddess. Kihawahine's home is Mokuhinia, a wetland pond on the island of Moku'ula.
Kihawahine was the personal god ('aumakua) of Keōpūolani, a wife of Kamehameha the Great. At Kamehameha's final battle at the Nu'uanu Pali, he carried an image of Kihawahine with him. In modern times, a carving of Kihawahine served as the figurehead on Hōkūleʻa, a voyaging canoe launched in 1975 by the Polynesian Voyaging Society.

## Legend of Kihawahine and Haumea

Kihawahine and Haumea were both goddesses worshiped in Hawaiian temples. The war between the two goddesses began because both wanted to marry Puna, the chief of Oahu. While touring the island in search of a suitable place for surf, Puna was tricked into following Kihawahine far into the ocean. The two stayed a long time living in a cave. The goddess cared for her beloved, but nevertheless, he was a prisoner there and knew that if he tried to escape, he would be destroyed by Kihawahine. After a long time, Puna managed to escape and returned to his first wife Haumea in Oahu. One day, while Haumea was out hunting for crabs in the sea, her husband wandered into a banana plantation that was owned by the island's new chief Kou. When he was discovered there, the watchmen took him to the chief who ordered for Puna to be killed. Haumea returned to find her husband's body hanging from a breadfruit tree. She ordered the tree to open and stepped inside it to stay with her husband.
# Alan L. Hoffman

Alan Lawrence Hoffman (born April 7, 1966) is an American lawyer, government official, and corporate executive who is chief policy officer at U.S. electric vehicle manufacturer Rivian.
Prior to joining Rivian, Hoffman held executive positions at Carvana, Herbalife, and PepsiCo, and served as Deputy Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States Joe Biden and Deputy Assistant to the President. While in the Vice President's office, Hoffman worked on a variety of issues including crime, drugs and protecting intellectual property, marking the third time Hoffman had worked for Joe Biden. Previously, Hoffman was chief of staff to Senator Biden from 1998 to 2003 and from 2006 to 2008 while Biden was running for president.
Hoffman sits on several non-profit boards supporting education, homelessness and young people.

## Life and education

Hoffman received his B.A. in American Civilization from Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania and his J.D. and M.P.A. from the USC Gould School of Law and the USC Price School of Public Policy, respectively.
Hoffman is married to Lizzie Francis and lives in Los Angeles.

## Career

Hoffman is credited with helping Biden secure passage of numerous pieces of legislation including the criminal provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley and legislation closing the gap in sentencing between crack and powder cocaine.
In 2008, after Biden withdrew from the presidential race, Hoffman was the Senior Vice President for External Relations for the University of California system.
Earlier in his career, Hoffman was Vice President for External Relations at the RAND Corporation, Vice President at Timmons and Company, Assistant United States Attorney in Philadelphia, Special Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General at the Department of Justice, Special Counsel to the Assistant Secretary at the Department of Health and Human Services and an attorney at the law firms Pepper, Hamilton and Scheetz.
# Sayim Mustafa

Sayim Mustafa (born 28 October 1991) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Jammu and Kashmir in the 2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament on 31 January 2017. He contested the 2024 Lok Sabha election from Srinagar constituency and lost, having received 8,880 votes.
# Edaphobacter modestus

Edaphobacter modestus is a species of bacteria. It is the type species of the genus Edaphobacter and was originally isolated from an alpine soil sample rich in calcium carbonate.
# Haydn Lewis

Haydn Lewis (born 2 January 1986) is a professional Barbadian tennis player.
Lewis reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on 27 October 2008, when he became World number 583. He primarily plays on the Futures circuit and the Challenger circuit.
Lewis is a member of the Barbadian Davis Cup team, having posted a 24–7 record in singles and a 15–9 record in doubles in thirty-six ties played.

## ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures finals
### Singles: 3 (3 runners-up)

* Legend
* ATP Challenger Tour (0–0)
* ITF Futures (0–3)
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 29 October 2007 | Happy Valley, Australia | Hard | Andrew Coelho | 4–6, 1–6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 17 March 2008 | Sorrento, Australia | Hard | Colin Ebelthite | 6–3, 3–6, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 11 May 2009 | Tampa, U.S. | Clay | Philip Bester | 2–6, 6–7$^{(7–9)}$ |
# Brooklyn Bay Parkways

The Brooklyn Bay Parkways was a semi-professional baseball team based out of Erasmus Field of Erasmus Hall High School. Owned by Joe Rosner, brother of Max Rosner, owner of the Brooklyn Bushwicks, as well as Nat Strong, a prominent figure in organizing various Negro League teams, the Bay Parkways belonged to the Inter-City Baseball Association and played in the local negro league as well as various other local teams. Former players for the Bay Parkways include former Major League stars such as Carl Hubbell, Babe Ruth, Hal Schumacher, Pete Gray, and Blondy Ryan.
# Mount Namewakka

Mount Namewakka (ナメワッカ岳, Namewakka-dake)
is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan.
# Alexandru Plămădeală

Alexandru Plamădeală (9 October 1888 – 15 April 1940) was a Moldovan sculptor. He was the artist responsible for the creation of the Stephen the Great Monument in Chișinău (1927).
He graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
Alexandru Plamădeală married Olga Suceveanu on September 19, 1923.
He died in Chișinău in 1940.

## Former students

* Claudia Cobizev

## Gallery

* Self-portrait, 1918
* 1995 stamp of Moldova
* Stephen the Great Monument
# Abderraouf El-Fassy

Abderraouf El-Fassy (Arabic: عبد الرؤوف الفاسي; born 11 April 1940) is a Moroccan fencer. He competed in the individual and team foil and épée events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Oleksandr Ihnatyev

Oleksandr Ihnatyev (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Ігнатьєв; born 23 June 1971) is a former Ukrainian football forward.
# Adil Reshi

Adil Reshi (born 1 February 1989) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Jammu & Kashmir. In November 2013, Rishi scored maiden century in first-class cricket in 14 matches. He was Jammu and Kashmir's highest scorer in the Ranji Trophy in 2013–14.
# Calcaronea

Calcaronea is a subclass of sea sponges in the class Calcarea. They are Calcarea with the triactines and the basal system of tetractines sagittal (i.e. the rays of the spicule make unequal angles with each other), exceptionally regular. In ontogeny the first spicules to be secreted are diactines. Choanocytes are apinucleate. Calcaronea have amphiblastula larvae
# Amina Aït Hammou

Amina Aït Hammou (Arabic: أمينة أيت حمو; born 18 July 1978 in Kenitra) is a Moroccan runner who specializes in the 800 metres. Her personal best time is 1:57.82 minutes, achieved in July 2003 in Rome.
She received a year-long ban from competition in 2008 after missing three tests.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Morocco ||||||
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Radès, Tunisia | 4th | 800 m | |
| 2002 | African Championships | Radès, Tunisia | 3rd | 800 m | |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 4th | 800 m | |
| 2003 | World Athletics Final | Monte Carlo, Monaco | 3rd | 800 m | |
| 2004 | World Athletics Final | Monte Carlo, Monaco | 3rd | 800 m | |
| 2007 | Pan Arab Games | Cairo, Egypt | 2nd | 800 m | 2:08.85 |
| 2007 | Pan Arab Games | Cairo, Egypt | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:44.85 |
# Károly Takács

Károly Takács (21 January 1910 – 5 January 1976) was the first shooter to win two Olympic gold medals in the 25 metre rapid fire pistol event, both with his left hand after his right hand was seriously injured. He is the third known physically disabled athlete to have competed in the Olympic Games after George Eyser in 1904 and Olivér Halassy in 1928, followed by Liz Hartel in 1952, Neroli Fairhall in 1984 and Oscar Pistorius in 2012.

## Military service and early shooting career

Takács was born in Budapest and joined the Hungarian Army. By 1936, he was a world-class pistol shooter, but he was denied a place in the Hungarian shooting team for the 1936 Summer Olympics on the grounds that he was a sergeant, and only commissioned officers were allowed to compete. This prohibition was lifted in Hungary after the Berlin Games, and Takács had expectations of success at the 1940 Summer Olympics, scheduled to be held in Tokyo.
During army training in 1938, his right hand was badly injured when a faulty grenade exploded. Takács was determined to continue his shooting career, and switched to shooting with his left hand. He practiced in secret, surprising his countrymen when he won the Hungarian national pistol shooting championship in the spring of 1939. He also was a member of the Hungarian team that won the 1939 UIT World Shooting Championships in the event.

## Olympic successes, flourishing career

The Olympic Games scheduled for 1940 and 1944 were canceled due to the Second World War. However, Takács surprised the world by winning the gold medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, aged 38, beating the favourite, Argentine Carlos Enrique Díaz Sáenz Valiente, the reigning world champion.
Takács won a second gold medal in the same event at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki

## Later career

Takács also attended the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, but finished eighth and failed to win a third medal.
Although most associated with the rapid fire pistol, Takács also won a bronze medal at the 1958 ISSF World Shooting Championships in 25 metre center-fire pistol. He also won 35 Hungarian national shooting championships.

## After shooting career

After his shooting career, Takács became a coach. He trained Hungarian Szilárd Kun, who won the silver medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He ended his army career as a lieutenant colonel.

## Legacy

His story has given him a place among the "Olympic heroes" of the International Olympic Committee. Two Olympic gold medals were won by Józef Zapędzki (Mexico 1968 and Munich 1972) as well but not until Ralf Schumann's third victory in the 2004 Olympics did a shooter succeed in winning three gold medals in this event.
* Takács preparing for shooting in Poland-Hungary-Yugoslavia competition in Bydgoszcz, Poland in 1961
* Takács shooting in Poland-Hungary-Yugoslavia competition in Bydgoszcz in 1961
* Takács's gravestone in Budapest
# Sanduni Abeywickrema

Sanduni Abeywickrema (born 12 December 1982) is a Sri Lankan cricketer who plays for the Sri Lanka's women's cricket team. A right-handed batter and off-spinner, she made her One Day International (ODI) debut against India on 15 December 2006.
# Edilson Pereira

Edilson Pereira do Santos (born July 11, 1981) is a Brazilian football striker, who currently plays for Platense.

## Club career

Edilson joined Marathón ahead of the 2011 Clausura
# Ian Seidenfeld

Ian Seidenfeld (born July 17, 2001) is an American para table tennis player. He represented the United States at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Seidenfeld represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in the men's singles C6 event and won a gold medal. He upset reigning Paralympic gold medalist Peter Rosenmeier to win gold. He became the first U.S. para tennis player to win gold since Tahl Leibovitz in 1996.
Seidenfeld represented the United States at the 2023 Parapan American Games and won a gold medal in the men's singles C6 event.
He represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics and won a bronze meal in the men's singles C6 event.

## Personal life

Seidenfeld was born with pseudoachondroplasia. His father and coach, Mitchell Seidenfeld, is a former Para table tennis player and gold medalist. He is Jewish.
# Lycian alphabet

The Lycian alphabet was used to write the Lycian language of the Asia Minor region of Lycia. It was an extension of the Greek alphabet, with half a dozen additional letters for sounds not found in Greek. It was largely similar to the Lydian and the Phrygian alphabets.

## The alphabet

The Lycian alphabet contains letters for 29 sounds. Some sounds are represented by more than one symbol, which is considered one "letter". There are six vowel letters, one for each of the four oral vowels of Lycian, and separate letters for two of the four nasal vowels. Nine of the Lycian letters do not appear to derive from the Greek alphabet.
The Lycian alphabet :
| Lycian letter | Transliteration | IPA | Notes |
| 𐊀 | a | [a] | |
| 𐊂 | b | [β] | |
| 𐊄 | g | [ɣ] | |
| 𐊅 | d | [ð] | |
| 𐊆 | i | [i], [ĩ] | |
| 𐊇 | w | [w] | |
| 𐊈 | z | [t͡s] | |
| 𐊛 | h | [h] | |
| 𐊉 | θ | [θ] | |
| 𐊊 | j or y | [j] | |
| 𐊋 | k | [kʲ] | [ɡʲ] after nasals |
| 𐊍 | l | [l] and [l̩]~[əl] | |
| 𐊎 | m | [m] | |
| 𐊏 | n | [n] | |
| 𐊒 | u | [u], [ũ] | |
| 𐊓 | p | [p] | [b] after nasals |
| 𐊔 | κ or c | [k]? [kʲ]? [h(e)] | |
| 𐊕 | r | [r] and [r̩]~[ər] | |
| 𐊖 | s | [s] | |
| 𐊗 | t | [t] | [d] after nasals. ñt is [d] as in 𐊑𐊗𐊁𐊎𐊒𐊜𐊍𐊆𐊅𐊀 / Ñtemuχlida for Greek Δημοκλείδης / Dēmokleídēs. |
| 𐊁 | e | [e] | |
| 𐊙 | ã | [ã] | 𐊍𐊒𐊖𐊙𐊗𐊕𐊀 / Lusãtra for Greek Λύσανδρος / Lúsandros. |
| 𐊚 | ẽ | [ẽ] | |
| 𐊐 | m̃ | [m̩], [əm], [m.] | originally perhaps syllabic [m], later coda [m] |
| 𐊑 | ñ | [n̩], [ən], [n.] | originally perhaps syllabic [n], later coda [n] |
| 𐊘 | τ | [tʷ]? [t͡ʃ]? | |
| 𐊌 | q | [k] | [ɡ] after nasals |
| 𐊃 | β | [k]? [kʷ]? | voiced after nasals |
| 𐊜 | χ | [q] | [ɢ] after nasals |

## Numbers

Lycian uses the following number symbols: I (vertical stroke) = 1, < ("less than" sign) (or, rarely, L or C or V or Y) = 5, O (circle) = 10; a horizontal stroke — is one half; a symbol somewhat like our letter H may mean 100.
The number 128½ would therefore be expressed as HOO<III—.

## Unicode

The Lycian alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in April, 2008 with the release of version 5.1. It is encoded in Plane 1 (Supplementary Multilingual Plane).
The Unicode block for Lycian is U+10280–U+1029F:
Lycian Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+1028x | 𐊀 | 𐊁 | 𐊂 | 𐊃 | 𐊄 | 𐊅 | 𐊆 | 𐊇 | 𐊈 | 𐊉 | 𐊊 | 𐊋 | 𐊌 | 𐊍 | 𐊎 | 𐊏 |
| U+1029x | 𐊐 | 𐊑 | 𐊒 | 𐊓 | 𐊔 | 𐊕 | 𐊖 | 𐊗 | 𐊘 | 𐊙 | 𐊚 | 𐊛 | 𐊜 | | | |
| Notes ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |||||||||||||||||
# RuPaullywood or Bust

"RuPaullywood or Bust" is the first episode of the fifth season of RuPaul's Drag Race. It originally aired on January 28, 2013. Camille Grammer and Mike Ruiz are guest judges.
Roxxxy Andrews wins the episode's main challenge. Penny Tration is eliminated from the competition, after placing in the bottom two and losing a lip-sync against Serena ChaCha to "Party in the U.S.A." by Miley Cyrus.

## Episode

Fourteen new contestants enter the Werk Room. For the first mini-challenge, the contestants do an underwater photo shoot. Detox wins the mini-challenge.
For the main challenge, the contestants create a Hollywood realness and glamour outfit made from items found in a dumpster. On the runway, Alaska, Ivy Winters, Lineysha Sparx, and Roxxxy Andrews receive positive critiques, and Roxxxy Andrews wins the challenge. Jade Jolie, Penny Tration, and Serena ChaCha receive negative critiques, and Jade Jolie is deemed safe. Penny Tration and Serena ChaCha place in the bottom two and face off in a lip-sync to "Party in the U.S.A." (2009) by Miley Cyrus. Serena ChaCha wins the lip-sync and Penny Tration is eliminated from the competition.

## Production

The episode originally aired on January 28, 2013. Cyrus, whose song was used for the lip-sync, has also been a guest judge on the show.

## Reception

Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club gave the episode a rating of 'A-'. Eric Rezsnyak of City Magazine noted how the format was similar to previous season premieres of Drag Race and wrote, "Sure, there were moments that I laughed or gasped. A few of the photos and runway outfits were impressive. But on the whole it seemed rote, uninspired." In 2016, Pride.com's Buffy Flores included the lip-sync in an overview of the show's seven worst to date and said, "This is no way to start a season of Drag Race." Bernardo Sim of Out magazine called the episode's lip-sync "messy" in 2023.
Mariana Fernandes included Lineysha Sparx's outfit in Screen Rant's 2019 list of ten design challenge runner-ups "that should have won", and opined: "Roxxxy Andrews was the winner of the challenge, with her black dress cut up on the sides. A win that, let's be real, belonged to Lineysha Sparx's stunning pink gown. It looked more elegant and put together than Roxxxy's by a long shot!." In 2020, Fernandes included the episode's lip-sync in the website's overview of the show's ten worst to date. In 2021, Jessica Jalali included Alaska's outfit in Screen Rant's overview of the ten best "drag on a dime" runway looks, and wrote: "Many of the queens underestimated Alaska and her look from this dumpster diving Drag on a Dime challenge. Using items right out of California's finest trash bin, Alaska made a beautiful strapless gown that looked more couture than garbage. Alaska did a fantastic job of elevating her less than appealing materials, completely transforming the materials to suit her aesthetic." Jalali opined, "The queens' judgemental attitudes toward Alaska's fashion went massively unfounded as Alaska ended up in the Top 2 that season. This look was the beginning of viewers getting a peek at just how unique and eccentric Alaska's style was."
# Copertino

Copertino (Italian pronunciation:; historical English: Cupertino; Salentino: Cupirtinu), also known in English as Cupertino, is a town and comune in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy.

## History

Following Charles of Anjou's successful campaign in 1266, the Hohenstaufen tower of Copertino was held first by the de Pratis family and then by Walter VI of Brienne, Duke of Athens, Count of Lecce and Grand Constable of France.
Copertino became the centre of a County under the Enghiens, who were sovereigns of the land of Galatone, Leverano and Veglie. With the marriage of Mary of Enghien, Countess of Lecce and Copertino (later Queen of Naples and titular Queen of Sicily, Jerusalem, and Hungary) to Raimondo del Balzo Orsini, the county became part of the principality of Taranto. The French knight Tristan Chiaromonte (de Clermont-Lodeve) led the development of the county capital, having assumed power over the territory on his marriage to Caterina, daughter of Mary of Enghien. Tristan's daughter Isabella of Clermont, heiress to the Brienne claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, married Ferdinand I of Naples. With the conquest of the Salento peninsula by the Aragonese dynasty, effected jointly by the Spanish army and knights from Albania, the county was gifted in 1498 to Alfonso Castriota Scanderbeg, in gratitude for military support.
The Princes of Belmonte gained the Castle through the Squarciafico Counts of Copertino, to whom the fief passed from 1557.

## Copertino DOC

The area around Copertino is permitted to make red and rosé Italian DOC wine. The grapes are limited to a harvest of 14 tonnes/ha with the finished wines needing a minimum of 12% alcohol. The wines are predominantly Negroamaro with no more than a 30% blend component of Malvasia, Montepulciano and Sangiovese (which is further limited to a maximum of 15%). Wines labeled Riserva must be aged for a minimum of 2 years prior to release and have a minimum alcohol level of 12.5%.

## Main sights

* Copertino Castle, built by architect Evangelista Menga in 1540 on a previous Norman and Angevin fortress, is one of the most massive fortifications in Apulia.
* Sanctuary of St. Joseph of Copertino
* Sanctuary and monastery of La Grottella

## Twinnings

* Cupertino, United States (named after St. Joseph of Copertino)
* Osimo, Italy
* Poggiardo, Italy

## People

* Joseph of Cupertino (1603–1663), Christian mystic and saint.
* Cristina Conchiglia (1923-2013), trade unionist and politician, Mayor Emeritus of Copertino
* Giuliano Sangiorgi (born 1979), singer of Negramaro.
* Graziano Pellè (born 1985), footballer.
* Adriano Pappalardo (born 1945), singer.
* Beatrice Rana (born 1993), pianist.
# Edi Paloka

Edi Paloka (born 23 December 1965) is an Albanian Democratic Party politician and former Member of Parliament (MP) for Durrës. He was first elected MP in the 2001 general election and then for three other legislatures successively as a member of the parliamentary group of the Democratic Party.