# 1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey

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vte :
The United States Senate election of 1916 in New Jersey was held on November 7, 1916.
Incumbent Democratic Senator James E. Martine ran for re-election to a second term in office, but was defeated by Republican State Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr.
Primary elections were held on September 26. Senator Martine defeated a challenge from John W. Wescott, the Attorney General of New Jersey and an ally of President Woodrow Wilson. The Republican nomination narrowly went to State Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. over former Governor Franklin Murphy.
This was the first popular election for United States Senator in New Jersey history, following the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This was also the first of four straight elections to this seat in which the incumbent was defeated.

## Democratic primary
### Candidates

* August M. Bruggeman, Hoboken resident
* James E. Martine, incumbent Senator since 1911
* Frank M. McDermit, Newark attorney and candidate for Senate in 1911 and 1913
* John W. Wescott, Attorney General of New Jersey

### Campaign

Senator Martine drew a primary challenge from Woodrow Wilson ally John W. Wescott, the state Attorney General. Wescott's strong alliance with President Wilson and Martine's opposition to administration policy on World War I and general Anglophobia led some Democrats to think him vulnerable. Martine had previously said that he would rather retire to his Union County farm than go to the White House "for orders."
A third candidate from Newark, Frank McDermit, may have drawn away Martine supporters in Essex County. Wescott had the support of the Essex County machine.

### Results

Martine defeated Wescott by a large margin in Hudson County and won the strong support of ethnic Germans, who approved of his critical stance on Wilson's war policy. Despite strong opposition from the Nugent machine in Essex and McDermit's candidacy, Martine carried the county narrowly with a plurality.
1916 Democratic U.S. Senate primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | James E. Martine (incumbent) | 50,961 | 48.76% |
| | Democratic | John W. Wescott | 29,627 | 28.35% |
| | Democratic | Frank M. McDermit | 17,373 | 16.62% |
| | Democratic | August M. Bruggeman | 6,559 | 6.28% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 104,520 | 100.00% |
| | None | Blank votes | 14,993 | — |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 119,513 | 100.00% |
Given his close alliance with Wilson personally and politically, Wescott's loss was seen as a blow to the administration and Wilson's re-election hopes.

## Republican primary
### Candidates

* Joseph S. Frelinghuysen, former State Senator from Somerset County and President of the New Jersey Senate
* Franklin Murphy, former Governor of New Jersey (1902–05)

### Campaign

In the campaign, the statewide party machine backed Murphy. Opponents also accused Frelinghuysen of non-residency, given that his winter home and business were in New York. Frelinghuysen was also opposed by automobile owners, based on his record as State Senator. On primary day, most observers expected Murphy to win.

### Results

Frelinghuysen won a surprise victory over Murphy, who managed only a small plurality of under 5,000 in his home base of Essex County.
1916 Republican U.S. Senate primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joseph Frelinghuysen | 89,361 | 52.31% |
| | Republican | Franklin Murphy | 81,483 | 47.69% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 170,844 | 100.00% |
| | None | Blank votes | 16,570 | — |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 187,414 | 100.00% |

#### Results by county

1916 Republican U.S. Senate primary :
| County | Frelinghuysen | % | Murphy | % | Total |
| Atlantic | 3,808 | 43.6% | 4,928 | 56.4% | 8,736 |
| Bergen | 5,437 | 46.3% | 6,307 | 53.7% | 11,744 |
| Burlington | 4,826 | 66.3% | 2,452 | 33.7% | 7,278 |
| Camden | 6,427 | 41.0% | 9,231 | 59.0% | 15,658 |
| Cape May | 1,170 | 41.7% | 1,633 | 58.3% | 2,803 |
| Cumberland | 1,971 | 48.7% | 2,077 | 51.3% | 4,048 |
| Essex | 14,501 | 42.9% | 19,267 | 57.1% | 33,768 |
| Gloucester | 2,344 | 66.0% | 1,207 | 34.0% | 3,551 |
| Hudson | 8,466 | 56.7% | 6,462 | 43.3% | 14,928 |
| Hunterdon | 1,232 | 81.5% | 279 | 18.5% | 1,511 |
| Mercer | 5,757 | 57.2% | 4,306 | 42.8% | 10,063 |
| Middlesex | 3,097 | 61.5% | 1,942 | 38.5% | 5,039 |
| Monmouth | 3,483 | 55.4% | 2,805 | 44.6% | 6,288 |
| Morris | 3,817 | 53.9% | 3,266 | 46.1% | 7,083 |
| Ocean | 1,622 | 61.4% | 1,020 | 38.6% | 2,642 |
| Passaic | 9,416 | 53.7% | 8,118 | 46.3% | 17,534 |
| Salem | 1,016 | 70.9% | 428 | 29.1% | 1,434 |
| Somerset | 3,157 | 88.6% | 407 | 11.4% | 3,564 |
| Sussex | 534 | 41.2% | 763 | 58.8% | 1,297 |
| Union | 6,486 | 62.5% | 3,884 | 37.5% | 10,370 |
| Warren | 794 | 53.1% | 701 | 46.9% | 1,495 |

## General election
### Candidates

* Livingston Barbour (Prohibition)
* William C. Doughty (Socialist)
* Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Republican), former State Senator from Somerset County and President of the New Jersey Senate
* Rudolph Katz (Socialist Labor)
* James E. Martine (Democrat), incumbent Senator

### Results

1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. | 244,715 | 55.99% |
| | Democratic | James E. Martine (incumbent) | 170,019 | 38.90% |
| | Socialist | William C. Doughty | 13,358 | 3.06% |
| | Prohibition | Livingston Barbour | 7,178 | 0.11% |
| | Socialist Labor | Rudolph Katz | 1,826 | 0.42% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 437,096 | 100.00% |