# Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways

The Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways (Greek: Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι Αθηνών Πειραιώς, romanized: Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi Athinon Peiraios, ΗΣΑΠ), commonly abbreviated as ISAP, was a company which operated the Piraeus - Kifissia line from 1 January 1976 to 17 June 2011. Piraeus - Kifissia line was the oldest urban rapid transit system of Athens metropolitan area. The line opened in 1869 as a suburban railway line connecting Athens with its port of Piraeus and it was gradually converted to full rapid transit operations, making it one of the oldest metro lines in the world. The line which ISAP S.A. operated evolved from the older Athens & Piraeus Railway and Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway.
In June 2011 ISAP S.A. was absorbed by a new transport company, STASY.

## History
### Athens and Piraeus Railway Company

The line from Piraeus to Thision was inaugurated on 27 February 1869 as a steam train connecting Athens and its port, Piraeus, and was operated by Athens & Piraeus Railway Co (Greek: Σιδηρόδρομος Αθηνών-Πειραιώς or Greek: Σ.Α.Π. Α.Ε.) private company. The project was considered important, so Queen Olga and the Prime Minister Thrasyvoulos Zaimis attended the inauguration ceremony. There were 8 trains in each direction daily and 9 trains in each direction on Sundays.
In 1874 the Athens & Piraeus Railway Company was bought by the Bank of Industrial Credit (Greek: Τράπεζα Βιομηχανικής Πίστεως). Under the new ownership the railway procured additional rolling stock. Soon the line was extended to Omonoia Square with an underground section constructed with the cut-and-cover method.
The line was electrified in 1904 using the 600 V DC, third rail, top contact system by Thomson Houston.

### Hellenic Electric Railways Company

In 1926 the SAP S.A. was bought by the Power and Traction Finance Ltd and renamed Ellinikoi Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi (E.I.S., Greek: Ελληνικοί Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρόμοι or Greek: Ε.Η.Σ., translated as Hellenic Electric Railways). In 1926 the sister company Ilektriki Etaireia Metaforon or H.E.M., also part of Power Group, took over the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway. This line was eventually converted to standard gauge, double track and became an extension of the existing line, reaching Attiki in 1948 and Kifissia in 1958.

### Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways

In 1976 E.I.S. was nationalized and renamed Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways S.A. (I.S.A.P).
A merger of ISAP with Athens Metro was dictated by Law 2668 in 1998, however it was postponed indefinitely and the required Presidential Decree was never issued. In January 2011 the Greek Government announced their plans to merge ISAP with Attiko Metro Etaireia Leitourgias S.A. (AMEL), the company which operates Athens Metro lines 2,3, and with Athens Tram S.A. in a single new company.
In March 2011, the Greek Government passed Law 3920 to allow ISAP and Athens Tram to be absorbed by Attiko Metro Operations Company (AMEL). The new company created from the mergers is named STASY (Greek: ΣΤΑΣΥ Α.Ε.) and is a subsidiary of OASA S.A. The merger was officially announced on 10 June 2011.
STASY is based at the former ISAP head offices, near Omonoia Square in Athens. Kostas Vassiliadis, a former chief engineer (1976-1991) and later CEO of ISAP between 1997 and 2000 became Chairman and CEO of the merged company until the end of 2012.

## Network and stations
### Network

ISAP's line connected the port of Piraeus with the northern suburb of Kifissia. As it was originally designed for steam traction, the line runs mostly above ground. However, there are no level crossings. It is built to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge and is electrified using the 750 V DC, third rail, top contact system, also used by Athens Metro Lines 2 and 3. The two lines (ISAP and Metro Line 2) have a physical connection at Attiki station.
From Piraeus the line runs eastwards to Neo Faliro and then north to Thision. Between Monastiraki and Attiki the line runs underground. At Monastiraki passengers can change to Metro line 3 and at Omonoia and Attiki to Metro line 2. From Attiki the line continues north, following the alignment of the old Lavrion Square-Strofyli railway through Patissia, the suburbs of Nea Ionia, Irakleio, Marousi and terminates at Kifissia. At Neratziotissa passengers can change to the Athens Suburban Railway for Athens International Airport.

### Stations

| Station | km | Notes |
| Piraeus | 00.000 | next to the port, is the southernmost station of ISAP. The Electric Railways Museum of Piraeus, a small museum of urban transport (SAP, EIS, ISAP and former tram lines) is located in the station, at the former Post Office. A train depot and rolling stock repair facilities are located next to the station. Part of the station and most adjacent engine sheds and works were destroyed on 11 January 1944 by Allied bombing during World War II. |
| Faliro | 02.110 | near Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex (Peace and Friendship Stadium and Karaiskákis Stadium) and close to a terminal of Athens Tram S.E.F. (Σ.E.Φ.) The station includes a rolling stock depot |
| Moschato | 03.980 | |
| Kallithea | 05.560 | |
| Tavros | 06.140 | with a train reversing siding |
| Petralona | 07.015 | |
| Thiseio | 08.580 | original terminus of the line when it opened in 1869. Next to the passenger station there is a train depot and the permanent way maintenance department, with some specialized departmental rolling stock |
| Monastiraki | 09.070 | passenger interchange with Athens Metro Line 3 |
| Omonoia | 09.985 | passenger interchange with Athens Metro Line 2 |
| Victoria | 11.000 | |
| Attiki | 12.245 | passenger interchange with Athens Metro Line 2. At this station there is also a small depot and the railway connection with the Athens Metro Line 2 |
| Agios Nikolaos | 13.160 | |
| Kato Patisia | 13.726 | |
| Agios Eleftherios | 14.448 | |
| Ano Patisia | 15.262 | with a train reversing siding |
| Perissos | 16.554 | |
| Pefkakia | 17.230 | |
| Nea Ionia | 17.918 | with a train reversing siding |
| Irakleio | 19.246 | with a train reversing siding |
| Eirini | 20.846 | near the Athens Olympic Stadium. The signalling and control center for the ISAP line and a train washing facility are located next to the station |
| Neratziotissa | 21.824 | passenger interchange with the Athens Suburban Railway. Near the Mall Athens |
| Maroussi | 23.453 | |
| KAT | 24.6.31 | near the KAT Hospital |
| Kifissia | 25.657 | the northernmost terminus |

## Proposed northern extension

An extension to the north was under consideration that would have been built in two phases, reaching Nea Erithrea by the end of the first phase and Agios Stefanos by the end of the second phase. Due to lack of funding, this extension was canceled in 2011.

## Rolling stock
### First generation EMUs

Since electrification (1904) the railway used almost exclusively electric multiple unit (EMU) trains. The vehicles are classified in batches (or deliveries). The first four batches consisted of wooden passenger cars on iron or steel frames. Currently only a short train of two wooden railcars is preserved, modified with the addition of Scharfenberg couplers at each end and is displayed during special events.
| Batch | Year | Description |
| 1st | | Locomotive hauled stock |
| 2nd | 1904 | 40 railcars (20 DM and 20 T) made by Thomson Houston/Desouches David & Cie. Withdrawn in 1985. |
| 3rd | 1914 | 9 railcars made by Baume et Marpent/Desouches David & Cie. Withdrawn in 1985. |
| 4th | 1923 | 12 railcars of the Baume et Marpent design, built at Piraeus Works. Withdrawn 1985. |
| - | 1947–1948 | Rebuilding and modernization of damaged rolling stock |
The first generation rolling stock was numbered as in the following table:
| Marking | number | type |
| A1 to A11 | 11 | DT |
| Γ417 to Γ427 | 11 | DT |
| F410 to F418 | 18 | T |
| B601 to B621 | 21 | DM |
| Total | 61 | |

### Second generation EMUs

The fifth (1951), sixth (1958) and seventh (1968) batches were of steel construction, made by Siemens-MAN. At the same time Scharfenberg couplers were introduced.
| Batch | Year | Configuration | Type | Numbering | Description |
| 5th | 1951 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DM | 901-912 | 24 railcars, in 12 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 1995. |
| 5th | 1951 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DTL | 701-706 | 24 railcars, in 12 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 1995. |
| 5th | 1951 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DT | 801-806 | 24 railcars, in 12 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 1995. |
| 6th | 1958 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DM | 913-928 | 32 railcars, in 16 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 2003-2004. |
| 6th | 1958 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DTL | 707-714 | 32 railcars, in 16 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 2003-2004. |
| 6th | 1958 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DT | 807-814 | 32 railcars, in 16 EMU-2 trains. Withdrawn in 2003-2004. |
| 7th | 1968–1969 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DM | 929-937 | 18 railcars, in 8 EMU-2 trains. Some rearranged in EMU-5 trains. Withdrawn in 2003-2004. |
| 7th | 1968–1969 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DTL | 715-718 | 18 railcars, in 8 EMU-2 trains. Some rearranged in EMU-5 trains. Withdrawn in 2003-2004. |
| 7th | 1968–1969 | DM-DT or DM-DTL | DT | 815-819 | 18 railcars, in 8 EMU-2 trains. Some rearranged in EMU-5 trains. Withdrawn in 2003-2004. |

### Third generation EMUs

Batch 8 (1983–1985) consists of five-car trains made by Siemens-MAN. Trains of batch 9 were made by LEW in the German Democratic Republic and have been withdrawn. The trains of the 10th batch (1994), similar to those of the 8th batch, were built by Hellenic Shipyards S.A. using Simenes-MAN design and mechanical parts. The 11th batch (2000-2004) trains, with three phase AC motors were also constructed by Hellenic Shipyards S.A. using ADtranz-Siemens design and mechanical parts.
| Batch | Year | Configuration | Type | Numbering | Description |
| 8th | 1983–1985 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | DM | 101-145 | 75 railcars made by MAN/Siemens, originally delivered as 4-car sets (M-M-M-M), and then trailers added to lengthen the trains to EMU-5 sets. |
| 8th | 1983–1985 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | T | 201-215 | 75 railcars made by MAN/Siemens, originally delivered as 4-car sets (M-M-M-M), and then trailers added to lengthen the trains to EMU-5 sets. |
| 8th | 1983–1985 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | DT | 301-315 | 75 railcars made by MAN/Siemens, originally delivered as 4-car sets (M-M-M-M), and then trailers added to lengthen the trains to EMU-5 sets. |
| 9th | 1983–1985 | DM-M+M-DM | DM | 1101–1125 | 50 railcars made of aluminium LEW (type GIII) in EMU-4 sets later rearranged in EMU-6 (DM-M+M-DM+M-DM). In limited use after 1999 and all withdrawn until 2004. |
| 9th | 1983–1985 | DM-M+M-DM | M | 2201–2225 | 50 railcars made of aluminium LEW (type GIII) in EMU-4 sets later rearranged in EMU-6 (DM-M+M-DM+M-DM). In limited use after 1999 and all withdrawn until 2004. |
| 10th | 1993–1995 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | DM | 146-175 | 50 railcars made by MAN-AEG/Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards in EMU-5 sets. |
| 10th | 1993–1995 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | T | 216-225 | 50 railcars made by MAN-AEG/Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards in EMU-5 sets. |
| 10th | 1993–1995 | DM-T-DM+DT-DM | DT | 316-325 | 50 railcars made by MAN-AEG/Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards in EMU-5 sets. |
| 11th | 2000–2004 | DM-T-DM+DM-T-DM | DM | 3101-3180 | 120 railcars coupled in 20 EMU-6 trains. Made by ADtranz-Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards. Nine railcars were destroyed by terrorists at Kifissia station on 2009-03-02. |
| 11th | 2000–2004 | DM-T-DM+DM-T-DM | T | 3201-3240 | 120 railcars coupled in 20 EMU-6 trains. Made by ADtranz-Siemens-Hellenic Shipyards. Nine railcars were destroyed by terrorists at Kifissia station on 2009-03-02. |

### Other rolling stock

During 1981-1984 ISAP leased six four-car, bright yellow trains of narrow loading gauge (type G-I or Gisela) from East Berlin's metro.
In the early 1980s consideration was given to the purchase of 60 secondhand cars of London Underground R Stock, built between 1938 and 1959, but ultimately no deal was made and new carriages were purchased instead.

## Gallery

* Piraeus station, a historical sample of early 20th century industrial architecture
* Preserved old EIS rolling stock at Piraeus Depot.
* Preserved electric locomotive no 32 and ballast tamper Y at Thision station sidings.
* ISAP train at the Ancient Agora of Athens.
* ISAP trainsets at Thissio depot
* Kifissia Station the northernmost terminus
* 11th batch trainset near Thissio station
* 7th batch trainset at Piraeus station in 1979