# France–Indonesia relations

France and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 4 January 1950. The indirect relationship between France and Indonesia commenced during the early 19th century colonial Dutch East Indies. Since 2011 France and Indonesia have formed a strategic partnership.
France has an embassy in Jakarta while Indonesia has an embassy in Paris. The relations between the two nations are important as both are democratic republics and each holds significant geopolitical influences in its respective region. France is a key member of the European Union, while Indonesia is a core constituent of ASEAN. The diplomatic relations between France and Indonesia are a key element for developing relations between Indonesia and the European Union and between France and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Both nations are the member of G-20 major economies.
According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 56% of Indonesians view France's influence positively, with only 14% expressing a negative view. This is one of the most favourable perceptions of France in the Asia-Pacific, only lagging behind more positive views by South Korea and Australia.

## History
### Before Indonesia Independence

The indirect relationship between France and Indonesia commenced during the early 19th century colonial Dutch East Indies. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Netherlands fell to the French Empire, which also seized territorial possessions belonging to the Netherlands in the East Indies. For a short period between 1806 and 1811, Indonesia was subject to French administration. During the reign of Governor General Herman Willem Daendels (1808–1811), France exercised its political influence in the East Indies through the Dutch Republic. Daendels was Dutch Francophile, and during his reign in Java he built a grand palace known as Het White Huis (The White House) or Het Groote Huis (The Big House), today the Indonesian Ministry of Finance building, that demonstrate French Empire style. He also renamed the Buffelsveld (buffalo field) to Champs de Mars (today Merdeka square). The battle for Java was fought between British and French-Dutch Republics during Anglo-Dutch Java War in 1811.
The French Revolution and its Republic government also inspired the later Indonesian nationalist movement in the early 20th century. The political concept of the Republic of Indonesia was partly influenced by the Republic of France model. Indonesia also adopted the Napoleonic Continental legal system through Dutch intermediary. Indonesian law is often described as a member of the 'civil law' or 'Continental' group of legal systems found in European countries such as France and the Netherlands.

### After Indonesia Independence

France recognized Indonesia's sovereignty in 1950 and then established diplomatic relations. Indonesia's first president Sukarno visited France three times in 1963, 1964 and 1965. Then continued by Indonesia's second president Soeharto in 1972, an intense meeting indicated that France was an important country for Indonesia. The first French president to visit Indonesia was François Mitterrand in 1986, indicating that there was close cooperation between the two countries. In 1992, Soeharto visited France again for strategic economic cooperation. After the fall of the new order regime, President Abdurrahman Wahid visited France in 2000 and President Yudhoyono in 2009. In 2017, after 30 years, the French president visited Indonesia again François Hollande, indicating the warming of relations between the two countries in the twenty-first century.
During the G20 2022 meeting in Bali, French president Emmanuel Macron and Indonesian President Joko Widodo alongside Indonesian Ministry of Defence Prabowo realized the major military and investment procurement for Indonesia and France.

## Economic relations

The relationship between France and Indonesia is multifaceted, encompassing development cooperation, robust economic and commercial ties, and cultural exchanges. The long history of collaboration and the presence of French companies in Indonesia underscore the importance of this bilateral relationship, which continues to evolve and strengthen over time.
France has maintained a development cooperation program with Indonesia for many years. For thirty years, between 1967 and 2007, France provided aid to Indonesia within the international coordination arrangements established under Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia and the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI). During the period when the CGI was active (1992-2007), annual meetings were often held in Paris, facilitating close coordination and collaboration between the two nations on developmental projects.
The Indonesian French Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IFCCI) was established in 1986 to develop and foster economic, commercial, and financial relations between France and Indonesia. This organization has played a pivotal role in enhancing bilateral trade and investment.
In 2011, bilateral trade between France and Indonesia amounted to approximately US$2.5 billion. France has emerged as the 13th largest investor in Indonesia, reflecting a strong economic partnership. Indonesian imports from France include a diverse range of products such as aircraft equipment, machinery and computers, electronic and precision equipment, chemicals, cosmetics and perfumes, food, metals and metallurgical products, and pharmaceuticals. Conversely, France imports agricultural, silvicultural, and fishery products, as well as textiles and footwear from Indonesia.
Currently, about 100 French companies operate in Indonesia, contributing significantly to the local economy and providing various goods and services. Notable French companies in Indonesia include:
* Total: An oil and gas company.
* Michelin: A leading tire manufacturer.
* AXA: A multinational insurance firm.
* Eurocopter: A division of Airbus Helicopters, providing aerospace solutions.
* Air France: The national airline of France.
* Carrefour: A major retail corporation.
These companies play a crucial role in strengthening the economic ties between the two countries by investing in various sectors and creating employment opportunities in Indonesia.
Beyond economic cooperation, France and Indonesia also engage in cultural and diplomatic exchanges. These exchanges foster mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of both nations. Educational programs, cultural events, and diplomatic visits are some of the ways in which France and Indonesia continue to build a strong bilateral relationship.

## Culture

The objective of French cultural cooperation action is to support Indonesia's development as a new emerging country. Accordingly, it gives priority to research (rural development, aquaculture, volcanology, geophysics, and archaeology), university exchanges, primarily in the fields of technology and biological sciences, vocational training, support for strengthening the rule of law and democratic governance. Which includes legislative technical assistance, fight against terrorism and corruption, decentralization, human rights training. The implementation of quality cultural actions, such as through the "French Springtime" (Le Printemps Français) cultural festival and audiovisual policy.
France also has established Institut Français in Indonesian cities of Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta and Surabaya, a French cultural center with the mission to promote French culture in Indonesia through cultural performances and exhibitions, film and mediatheque.

### Language

The culture-linguistic relations between Indonesian and French were conducted through Dutch, as evident in Indonesian loanwords from French that mainly political or military terms, such as kudeta (from coup d'état), legiun (from légion) and letnan (from lieutenant).
Institut Français Indonesia also offering French course for Indonesian students.

### Archaeology

Based on the expertise of the Advisory Board on Archaeological Research Abroad, the Foreign Affairs Ministry (DGCID) subsidisies the following archaeological missions in Indonesia:
* Borneo: Diachronic study of uses and Rock Art in the caves and rock shelters of East Kalimantan
* Java 01: A prehistoric site from the upper Pleistocene period
* Java 02: The first populations on the Indonesian archipelago
* Tapanuli

### Music

In art and musics, France and Indonesia has mutual cultural ambassador, Anggun an Indonesian French-naturalised singer-songwriter, is popular in both France and Indonesia.

## Current issue
### Capital punishment

In 2015, a French citizen Serge Atlaoui, is facing deathrow in Indonesian prison. During the raid on a factory producing ecstasy in Tangerang, in 2005, the Indonesian police busted Atlaoui there. He was subsequently convicted in 2007 for the possession of 138 kilograms of crystal methamphetamine, 290 kg of ketamine and 316 drums of precursor substances. Atlaoui has repeatedly denied the charges; saying that he was installing industrial machinery in what he thought was an acrylics factory.
On 22 April 2015, French President Francois Hollande warned Indonesia that the execution would damage the relations between the two nations. Atlaoui was spared from the execution on 29 April 2015, and currently, his sentence is being postponed. France is strongly opposed to the death penalty in any place and in any context, not only when the life of a French national is at stake. France has been abolitionist since 1981. Diplomatic relations are described as 'normal' despite the Atlaoui case.

### Defense Ties

After France and Australia heated relations with AUKUS debacle, France moves closer with Indonesia for the security of Indo-Pacific Region and also sells 42 Dassault Rafale fighters alongside Scorpene submarine's.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* France has an embassy in Jakarta.
* Indonesia has an embassy in Paris and consulates-general in Marseille and Nouméa, New Caledonia.
* Embassy of Indonesia in Paris