OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stigmator

A stigmator is a component of electron microscopes that reduces astigmatism of the beam by imposing a weak electric or magnetic quadrupole field on the electron beam.

## Background

For early electron microscopes - between the 1940s and 1960s - astigmatism was one of the main performance limiting factors. Sources of this astigmatism include misaligned objectives, non-uniform magnetic fields of the lenses, which was especially hard to correct, lenses that aren't perfectly circular and contamination on the objective aperture. Therefore, to improve the resolving resolution, the astigmatism had to be corrected. The first commercially used stigmators on electron microscopes were installed in the early 1960s.
The stigmatic correction is done using an electric or magnetic field perpendicular to the beam. By adjusting the magnitude and azimuth of the stigmator field, asymmetric astigmatization can be compensated for. Stigmators produce weak fields compared to the electromagnetic lenses they correct, as usually only minor correction are necessary.

## Number of poles

Stigmators create a quadrupole field, and thus have to consist of at least four poles, but hexapole, octopole and dodecapole stigmatizors are also used, with octopole stigmators being the most common. The octopole (or higher order of poles) stigmatizers also produce a quadrupole field, but use their additional poles to align the imposed field with the direction of the stigmatization ellipticity.

## Types
### Magnetic stigmator

The magnetic stigmator is a weak cylindrical lens that can correct the cylindrical component of the beam. It can consist of metal rods which induce a magnetic field, which are inserted with their long axis towards the beam center. By retracting or extending the rods, the astigmatism can be compensated.

### Electromagnetic

Electromagnetic stigmators are stigmators that are integrated with the lenses and directly deform the magnetic field of the lens(es). These were the first types of stigmators to be used.

## Automatic stigmators

In most cases, the astigmatism can be corrected using a constant stigmator field which is adjusted by the microscope operator. The main cause of astigmatism, the non-uniform magnetic field produced by the lenses, usually does not change noticeable during a TEM session. A recent development are computer-controlled stigmators, which usually use the Fourier transform of the image to find the ideal stigmator setting. The Fourier transform of an astigmatic image is usually elliptically shaped. For a stigmatic image, it is round, this property can be used by algorithms to reduce the astigmatic aberration.

## Multiple stigmator systems

Normally, one stigmator is sufficient, but TEMs normally contain three stigmators: one to stigmatize the source beam, one to stigmatize real-space images, and one to stigmatize diffraction patterns. These are commonly referred to as condensor, objective, and intermediate (or diffraction) stigmators. The use of three post-sample stigmators is proposed to reduce linear distortion
# Yury

Jury, Jurij, Iurii, Iouri, Yury, Yuri, Youri, Yurii, Yuriy or Yurij is the Slavic (Belarusian: Юры, romanized: Jury, or Bulgarian: Юрий, romanized: Jurij, or Ukrainian: Юрій, romanized: Yurii, or Russian: Юрий, romanized: Yuriy) form of the masculine given name George; it is derived directly from the Greek form Georgios and related to Polish Jerzy, Czech Jiří, and Slovak and Croatian Juraj, akin to Spanish and Portuguese Jorge, and German Jürgen, and assimilated in modern forms such as German and Italian Juri, Portuguese Iúri, Estonian Jüri, and Dutch Joeri.
The Slavic form of the name originates with Yuri Dolgoruky (c. 1099–1157), in early accounts recorded as Gyurgi, Dyurgi.

## Ancient and medieval world

(Listed chronologically)
* Yuri Dolgorukiy or Yuri I Vladimirovich (c. 1099–1157).
* Yuri II of Vladimir (1189–1238), Grand Prince of Vladimir
* Yuriy Drohobych (1450–1494), Ruthenian philosopher, astrologist, writer, and doctor
* Yury Ivanovich (1480–1536), a son of Ivan the Great

## Modern world

(Listed alphabetically)
* Yuri Andropov (1914–1984), Chairman of the KGB and leader of the Soviet Union
* Yuri Antonov (born 1945), Russian composer, singer, and musician
* Yuri Berchiche (born 1990), Spanish footballer
* Yuri Bezmenov (1939–1993), Soviet journalist and eventual anti-communist who defected to Canada
* Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), Soviet cosmonaut and the first human in space
* Yury Gelman (born 1955), Ukrainian-born American Olympic fencing coach
* Yurii Kerpatenko (1976–2022), Ukrainian conductor
* Yuri Irsenovich Kim, birth name of Kim Jong-il (1941 or 1942–2011), Supreme Leader of North Korea
* Yuri Korolev (ice hockey) (born 1934), Soviet/Russian ice hockey administrator
* Yuri Korolyov, (born 1962) Russian gymnast
* Yuriy Kozhanov (born 1990), Kazakh basketball player
* Yuri Lowenthal (born 1971), American actor, producer and screenwriter best known for his voice-over work
* Yury Luzhkov (1936–2019), Russian politician
* Yuri Lyapkin (born 1945), Russian ice hockey player
* Yuriy Mushketyk (1929–2019), Ukrainian writer and journalist
* Yuri Nikulin (1921–1997), Soviet/Russian actor and clown
* Yuri Oganessian (born 1933), Russian nuclear physicist for whom Element 118 was named
* Yury Prilukov (born 1984), Russian swimmer
* Yuriy Prylypko (1960-2022) Ukrainian politician and mayor of Hostomel. Killed by Russian soldiers during the invasion of Ukraine
* Yury Rudov (1931–2013), Soviet fencer
* Yuriy Rybchynskyi (born 1945), Ukrainian poet and playwright
* Yuri Shatunov (1973–2022), Russian singer
* Yuri Shchekochikhin (1950–2003), Russian investigative journalist, writer and liberal politician
* Yuri Schwebler (1942–1990), Yugoslavia-born American conceptual artist and sculptor
* Yuri Shevchuk (born 1957), Soviet/Russian rock musician, singer and songwriter
* Yuri Shymko (born 1940), Canadian politician
* Yuriy Trubetskoy (c. 1643–1679), Ruthenian prince
* Yuri Tsaler (born 1973), Russian musician playing on lead guitar in the band Mumiy Troll
* Yury Usachov (born 1957), Russian retired cosmonaut
* Yuri Vizbor (1934–1984), Soviet bard, poet and actor
* Yuri Zhirkov (born 1983), Russian footballer
# Sayala, Parbhani

Sayala, commonly known as "Sayala Khating" is a village located in Parbhani Taluka of Parbhani district, in state of Maharashtra.

## Demographics

As per 2011 census:
* Sayala Khating has 276 families residing. The village has population of 1465.
* Out of the population of 1465, 752 are males while 713 are females.
* Literacy rate of the village is 75.31%.
* Average sex ratio of Sayala village is 948 females to 1000 males. Average sex ratio of Maharashtra state is 929.

## Geography, and transport

Distance between Sayala Khating, and district headquarter Parbhani is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi).
# ADB-HEXINACA

ADB-HEXINACA (also known as ADB-HINACA and ADMB-HEXINACA) is a cannabinoid designer drug that has been found as an ingredient in some synthetic cannabis products, first appearing in early 2021. It is a longer chain homologue of previously encountered synthetic cannabinoid compounds such as ADB-BUTINACA and ADB-PINACA. The pharmacology of ADB-HEXINACA and numerous analogues at CB1 and CB2 receptors has been reported.
# Randy Emberlin

Randy Emberlin is a comic book inker best known for his ink work on the Spider-Man comic books. Per the bio on his website, he currently lives in Portland, Oregon. He has spent the past 30 years working in a variety of creative fields, including as an illustrator of educational books and an animator on over fifty television commercials.
Over the last 20 years he is probably best known for his work as an inker in comics, with a résumé that includes long runs on The Amazing Spider-Man, G.I. Joe, Doctor Strange, Alien Legion, Ghost, and recently the Left Behind series for Tyndale House. He has worked with a wide range of pencilers. His cousin is the video game programmer Doug Neubauer; they collaborated over developing the graphics for Neubauer's Solaris (1986).

## Bibliography (selected)
### Marvel Comics

* Amazing Spider-Man #339-351, #353-358, #361-375, #377-393, #400, #404, #406, #410 (1990-1996)
* Avengers West Coast #58 (1990)
* New Defenders #150 (1985)
* Doctor Strange (vol. 2) #76-81 (1986-1987)
* Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #1-3 (1988-1989)
* G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #65-74, #77, #79, #81-82, #84-109, #111-118, #120-126 (1987-1992)
* Iron Man Annual #11 (1990)
* Marvel Comics Presents #12, #34, #51 (1989-1990)
* Sensational She-Hulk #11 (1990)
* Silver Surfer Annual (vol. 3) #1 (1988), #24 (1989)
* Strange Tales (vol. 2) #1-19 (1987-1988)
* Venom: Along Came A Spider #1-2, #4 (1996)
* Web of Scarlet Spider #1-4 (1995-1996)
* Web of Spider-Man Annual #5 (1989), #117-129 (1994-1995)
* X-Factor #20 (1987)

### DC Comics

* Batman #449 (1990)
* Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #122 (1999)
* Batman: Shadow of the Bat #90 (1999)
* Who's Who: The Definitive Directory of the DC Universe #22 (1986)

### Epic Comics

* Alien Legion (vol. 1) #8-20 (1985-1987); (vol. 2) #1-2 (1987)

### Dark Horse Comics

* Dark Horse's Ghost (issues 12–16, 18–25, 28–31, 33–36)
# Housaper

Housaper (Armenian: Յուսաբեր, IPA:) is an Armenian language And Arabic daily published in Cairo, Egypt.
It was established on 30 March 1913, and until 1926, it was published three times a week, before becoming a daily published on weekdays. In 1923, it became an official organ of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) in Egypt. Some of the editors in chief of the paper were S. Bartevian, S Yesayan, V. Navasartian, K. Lazian, G. Goganyan, S Bayramian, and Z. Lylozian. Besides its coverage of the Armenian political, economic, social, and cultural scenes in Egypt, Armenia, and the Armenian diaspora, a number of renowned writers have published literary works in the paper, including Arpiar Arpiarian, Vahan Tekeyan, and Yervant Odian.
# Port Towns

The Port Towns is a designation for a grouping of four small suburban municipalities in Prince George's County, Maryland, just across the border from Washington, D.C. These municipalities collaborate on planning and economic development projects.

## Municipalities

* Bladensburg
* Colmar Manor
* Cottage City
* Edmonston

## Gallery

* Bladensburg
* Colmar Manor
* Cottage City
* Edmonston
# Marquis Walker

Marquis Roshe Walker (born July 6, 1972) is a former an American football cornerback. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the St. Louis Rams in 1996. He played college football at Southeast Missouri State University.
Walker also played for the Washington Redskins, Oakland Raiders and Detroit Lions. His brother is Darnell Walker.
# John Bennett (cricketer, born 1864)

John William Bennett (22 February 1864 – 10 November 1928) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1895 and 1896.
Bennett was born in Lower Whitfield, Glossop, the son of Hiram Bennett a cotton spinner, and he also worked in the cotton industry. He made his cricketing debut in a match for Cheshire against Leicestershire during the 1893 season, scoring 38 runs in the Cheshire innings from tenth in the batting lineup, and only outscored by teammate Alexander Mere Latham. Bennett played two further matches for Cheshire during the 1894 season before being picked up at the beginning of the 1895 season by Derbyshire.
Bennett made his first-class debut for Derbyshire against Hampshire in June 1895, when he top-scored in the first innings before being placed further down the order. He was a regular starter during the 1895 season, in which Derbyshire finished fifth in the County Championship table. Bennett took three 5-wicket innings in the season, with 5 for 101 against Yorkshire, 5 for 40 against Nottinghamshire and his best performance was 5 for 8 against Essex. His top batting score was 43, achieved against Lancashire from ninth in the batting order.
Bennett appeared less frequently during the 1896 season, playing just four times and with a much reduced bowling form. His final match was in an innings victory against Leicestershire.
Bennett was a slow left-arm bowler and took 35 first-class wickets at an average of 20.02 and a best performance of 5 for 38. He was a right-handed batsman and played 25 innings in sixteen first-class matches with an average of 11.17 and a top score of 43.
Bennett died at Stepping Hill, Stockport aged 64.
# Pelesit

Pelesit (Malay pronunciation:) is a type of familiar spirit in Malay folklore. It is generally a cricket, or occasionally a grasshopper. The term literally means "buzzer" from the root word lesit meaning to buzz or whizz, as an insect does. They are also called Palasik.
Belief in the pelesit traces back to Malay animism before the introduction of monotheism. Generally speaking, a pelesit can only be owned by a woman, and were said to have been prevalent in Kedah. The male equivalent is another hereditary spirit, the bajang. Due to the similarity, the two are sometimes confused in folklore.
Two rituals exist for acquiring a pelesit, both of which involve recitation of the correct incantations and biting off the tongue of a dead child. This tongue, if kept properly with the appropriate rituals, is what becomes the pelesit.
Pelesit attack their victims by entering the person's mouth tail-first. A person afflicted by the pelesit will insanely rave about cats. By itself, the pelesit does nothing else. However, it is often the pet of another familiar spirit, the polong. If a pelesit enters a person's body and chirps, it is calling for the polong, which can make the victim go insane or unconscious. A shaman (bomoh or dukun) cures the victim by using a specific incantation and then asking them to reveal their "mother", meaning the pelesit's owner. The victim replies in a high-pitched voice, after which the shaman attempts to make the owner recall it.
When the pelesit is not in use, its owner keeps it in a bottle and regularly feeds it either with turmeric rice or blood pricked from the ring finger (known in Malay as the "ghost finger"). If the owner wishes to dispose of the pelesit, the bottle is buried.

## In literature and popular culture

* The pelesit is one of many ghosts and spirits mentioned by Munshi Abdullah in his book Hikayat Abdullah, to the amusement of his employer Stamford Raffles.
* In Kijiya, a Malaysian komku series, the Pelesit are demonic creatures that serve as the series' main antagonists
# Jean Brown (judge)

Jean Williams Brown (born c. 1952) is a former justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, serving from 1999 to 2005.
Brown was born around 1952 and raised in Birmingham, Alabama. She earned her bachelor's degree from Samford University in 1974 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1977. During her legal career, she served as an assistant district attorney in Montgomery, Alabama and also serving as a judge of the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals. In 1999, Brown was elected as a justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama. She was defeated for reelection in a 2005 campaign directed in part at her participation in a ruling requiring the removal of a statue of the Ten Commandments from state property. In 2019, Brown was appointed as a commissioner for the Alabama Department of Senior Services.
# 1st Armoured-Mechanized Battalion (Croatia)

The 1st Armoured-Mechanized Battalion "Sokolovi" (Lit: Falcons) (Croatian: 1. oklopno-mehanizirana bojna "Sokolovi") is one of two mechanized infantry battalions within the Guards Armoured Mechanized Brigade (GOMBR) of the Croatian Army.

## History

Established in its current form after the reorganisation of the Armed Forces of Croatia in 2007, the 1st Mechanized Battalion was created with the merging of the 3rd Guards Brigade "Kune" and 5th Guards Brigade "Sokolovi".

## Organisation

Garrisoned at 132nd Brigade barracks in Našice, the battalion is composed of three mechanized infantry companies, a command company, a logistics company and a fire support company.

## Operations

In the past, members of the 1st Armoured-mechanized Battalion have been deployed in support of the NATO ISAF mission in Afghanistan as part of the Croatian Contingent (HRVCON), and to the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) mission in the Golan Heights.

## Equipment

The 1st Mechanized Battalion is equipped with armoured vehicles and various infantry weapons of Yugoslav origin.
* BVP M-80A Infantry Fighting Vehicle
* BOV Armoured Personnel Carrier
* POLO M-83 anti-tank vehicle armed with 6 x AT-3 missiles
* Mercedes Benz G-Wagen
* 120mm M75 Light Mortar
# Neogale

Neogale (colloquially referred to as the New World weasels) is a genus of carnivorous, highly active small mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family (which also contains badgers, weasels, martens, otters, and wolverines, among others). Native to the Americas, members of the genus can be found as far north as Alaska and as far south as Argentina and Bolivia. Across this distribution, they thrive in a range of habitats, from the deep-freezes of the Alaskan and Canadian boreal forests to the arid desert southwest, and from the humid tropics of Central and South America (including the Amazon basin) to the windswept foothills of the Andes and northern Patagonia.

## Taxonomy

Members of this genus were formerly classified into the genera Mustela and Neovison, but many studies had previously recovered several American species of Mustela, as well as both species within Neovison, to comprise a monophyletic clade distinct from all other members of Mustelinae. A 2021 study found this clade to have diverged from Mustela during the Late Miocene, between 11.8 - 13.4 million years ago, with all members within the clade being more closely related to one another than to any of the other species in Mustela, and gave it the name Neogale, originally coined by John Edward Gray. The American Society of Mammalogists later accepted this change.
New World weasels :
Mustelinae
Mustela
Neogale
Neogale africana
Neogale felipei
Neogale frenata
Neogale vison
†Neogale macrodon :
Taxonomy of Neogale :

## Species

There are 5 recent species in the genus, 4 extant and 1 extinct:

### Extant species

| Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
| Neogale africana (Desmarest, 1800) | Amazon weasel | Amazon Basin of South America |
| Neogale felipei (Izor and de la Torre, 1978) | Colombian weasel | Andes of Colombia and Ecuador |
| Neogale frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831) | Long-tailed weasel | Continental North America south of southern Canada; Andes and northern Amazon Basin in South America |
| Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777) | American mink | North America (United States and Canada); introduced to Europe, Japan, Chile and Argentina |

### Extinct species

| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
| | Neogale macrodon (Prentiss, 1903) | Sea mink | Maritime Provinces in Canada, New England in the United States; now extinct |
# Bayern 2

Bayern 2 is a German public radio station in Bavaria owned and operated by Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR). It broadcasts culture and general interest programmes as well as a broad selection of music.
# Ingvild Gåskjenn

Ingvild Gåskjenn (born 1 July 1998) is a Norwegian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTour Team Liv AlUla Jayco.

## Major results
### 2015

    1st Road race, National Junior Road Championships

### 2016

    National Junior Road Championships
       2nd Road race
       2nd Time trial

### 2018

    5th Road race, National Road Championships

### 2019

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    3rd Overall Kreiz Breizh Elites Dames
    6th Road race, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships
    7th Overall Tour de Feminin

### 2021

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    8th Overall Kreiz Breizh Elites Dames

### 2022

    9th Overall Tour of Uppsala

### 2024

    3rd Amstel Gold Race
# Sampford Spiney

Sampford Spiney is a village and civil parish in the Walkham valley, about 4 miles east south east of Tavistock, in the West Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 117. The parish includes the hamlet of Woodtown. The parish borders Walkhampton, Whitchurch and Horrabridge.

## Features

There are 26 listed buildings in Sampford Spiney, of which the church is Grade I listed.

## History

Sampford Spiney was recorded in the Domesday Book as Sandford/Sandforda. The name "Sampford" means 'Sandy ford', with the "Spiney" part being a family name of which the Spiney family held Sampford Spiney in the 13th century. On the 1st of October 1950 Horrabridge became a separate parish, the transferred area contained 135 acres. The parish was historically in the Roborough hundred.
# Schnitz un knepp

Schnitz un knepp, often spelled Schnitz un Gnepp or Schnitz und Knepp, is a popular main dish item in the cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch in the United States. It is basically a dish of ham or pork shoulder with dried apples and dumplings.

## Description

Apple schnitz are dried slices of apples. Knepp, from the German "Knöpfe" for "buttons," are dumplings.
Although the Amish arrived during the early eighteenth century, this food was not common until the early nineteenth century, when Johnny Appleseed planted many orchards on the frontier of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. At the time, home canning was not yet practical, so the apple crop was preserved in liquid form (most commonly as hard cider) or sliced and dried, the finished slices being called snitz.
Apples, other than named varieties grafted from a parent tree, were usually small, misshapen and rather tart. Drying the snitz concentrated the fruit sugars, making them a bright spot in an otherwise dreary diet.
Today, commercial producers of apple snitz use named-variety apples that cannot be sold fresh due to blemishes. The apples are then peeled or cored and sliced to make snitz. The peels are then pressed for separate sales as cider.
The dish uses dumplings made from flour, milk, baking powder, butter, salt, and eggs, and is flavored with ham, traditionally salt-cured "country ham," although honey ham, pork butt, or other pork may be used. Onions, potatoes, cloves, cinnamon and brown sugar are optional ingredients. An alternative knepp is a yeast dumpling made without sugar.
This recipe calls for long cooking, and is thus a winter dish. The pronunciation is "shnitz-en-nep," /ʃnɪts ʊn nɛp/
# NGO Campaign

The Non Germane Objector (NGO) Campaign was formed in 2010 by Ken Hamidi (Kourosh Kenneth Hamidi) with support from the National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation, Inc. The campaign's main message indicates "Give Yourself a Pay Raise", focusing on the reduction in representation fees paid by employees who have transitioned to "Non Germane Objector" (NGO) status. By electing to transition to NGO status State of California employees are objecting to pay union dues for non-germane expenditures. However, these employees are still entitled to some union representation and union benefits. NGOs cannot have a voice in the direction of their union, they cannot elect union leaders or vote to accept or reject the results of contract negotiations.
Additionally, the NGO campaign is part of the attempt to build support for Ken Hamidi's union California Professional Public Employees Association (CPPEA) as an alternative to SEIU.
The campaign occurs to some degree each year, as the form to request NGO status can only be filed in June of each year. Additionally, the request must be filed again every year.

## History

In 2008, Ken Hamidi ran for president of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 1000 where he finished third. After his defeat in 2008, Hamidi started a campaign to challenge the SEIU 1000's annual financial audits. Hamidi and other formal "challengers" argue that the union's audit, done by an independent firm, is incorrect and that the percentage of non-germane spending is actually higher. In 2009, Hamidi formed his own union which is known as the California Professional Public Employees Association (CPPEA).