OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maine State Route 162

State Route 162 (SR 162) is a 16.8-mile-long (27.0 km) state route in Maine from SR 161 near Sinclair to U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Frenchville. Part of SR 162 runs along the shore of Long Lake. SR 161 can be used as a connector towards Madawaska and other local areas.

## Route description

The state highway begins at a rural intersection with SR 161 in rural Cross Lake Township, a subset of the Square Lake unorganized territory. SR 162 heads north through a forested area before curving to the east where it then parallels the northern shoreline of Mud Lake. Houses and a campground are located between the road and the lake. The road then enters the center of Sinclair, an unincorporated settlement within Square Lake. The road passes some houses and a post office before making a 90-degree turn to the north at Shore Road and a general store. SR 162 now follows the shoreline of Long Lake where again numerous houses are located between the road and the lake though further up the road, SR 162 runs much closer to the lake with only a narrow grass buffer between the road and the lake. The road briefly heads north, turns to the northeast, then eventually curves to the northwest at Long Lake Seaplane Base. A wooded area generally follows the west side of the road until the road enters the town of St. Agatha where farmland is located along the west side of the road.
SR 162 continues heading northwest closely following the lake's shoreline. As the road gets closer to the center of St. Agatha, more houses line the road (including the east side of the road) and some businesses including a motel and a public boat ramp. In front of the town hall, the road curves away from the shoreline heading to the west and heads into the town center. The town's post office, library, churches, and a middle school are located along SR 162 through here. Heading away from the town center, the road eventually heads northwest again and begins a slight descent into Frenchville generally following Burgoin Brook. At the bottom of the slope, SR 162 ends at US 1 in the center of Frenchville, near the St. John River and the Canada–US border.

## Major junctions

The entire route is in Aroostook County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Square Lake | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 161 (Caribou Road) – Caribou, Fort Kent |
| Frenchville | 16.83 | 27.09 | US 1 (Main Street) – Fort Kent, Madawaska, Edmundston |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Ellerbe's Mill

Ellerbe's Mill, also known as Millvale, is a historic grist mill complex located near Rembert, Sumter County, South Carolina. The mill was built about 1830, and is a 2 1/2-story pine clapboard building mounted on wooden pilings situated on a 90-acre millpond. Also located on the property is the associated store (1910); the two-story, frame Victorian style main house (c. 1890); several tenant houses; and a dovecote.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# St. Vith

St. Vith (German: Sankt Vith; French: Saint-Vith ; Luxembourgish: Sankt Väit; Walloon: Sint-Vit) is a city and municipality of East Belgium located in the Walloon province of Liège. It was named after Saint Vitus. The majority language is German, as in the rest of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.
On January 1, 2006, St. Vith had a total population of 9,169. The total area is 146.93 km$^2$, giving a population density of 62 inhabitants per km$^2$. The official language of the municipality is German.
The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Sankt Vith, Crombach, Lommersweiler, Recht, and Schönberg.

## History

St. Vith was an important marketplace of the region by the 12th century and received town rights in 1350. The town was damaged by fires in 1543, 1602, and 1689. It was part of the Duchy of Luxemburg then of France until the defeat of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. As a result of the Congress of Vienna it was given to the Kingdom of Prussia.
St. Vith was transferred to Belgium on March 6, 1925, by the Treaty of Versailles after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I.
An important road and railway junction, St. Vith was fought over in the 1944 Battle of the Bulge during World War II. The United States Army defended the town against German assault for a few days, delaying the German attack plan, before eventually being forced to retreat. Once it was captured by German forces, the town was bombed by the US Army Air Forces on 25 and 26 December 1944 and by RAF Bomber Command with 300 aircraft on the 26. St. Vith was mostly destroyed during the ground battle and subsequent air attack. American forces retook the town on January 23, 1945. The only pre-war architecture remaining is the Büchel Tower [fr; de].
St. Vith is the setting for Michael Oren's novel, Reunion, concerning a fictional reunion of an American battalion which participated in the Battle of the Bulge.

## Sister cities

* Kerpen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
* Teiuș, Alba County, Romania
# Korres, Álava

Korres (Basque pronunciation:, Spanish: Corres) is a hamlet and concejo located in the municipality of Arraia-Maeztu, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. The hamlet is located within the Izki Natural Park.
# Provability logic

Provability logic is a modal logic, in which the box (or "necessity") operator is interpreted as 'it is provable that'. The point is to capture the notion of a proof predicate of a reasonably rich formal theory, such as Peano arithmetic.

## Examples

There are a number of provability logics, some of which are covered in the literature mentioned in § References. The basic system is generally referred to as GL (for Gödel–Löb) or L or K4W (W stands for well-foundedness). It can be obtained by adding the modal version of Löb's theorem to the logic K (or K4).
Namely, the axioms of GL are all tautologies of classical propositional logic plus all formulas of one of the following forms:
* Distribution axiom: □(p → q) → (□p → □q);
* Löb's axiom: □(□p → p) → □p.
And the rules of inference are:
* Modus ponens: From p → q and p conclude q;
* Necessitation: From $\vdash$ p conclude $\vdash$ □p.

## History

The GL model was pioneered by Robert M. Solovay in 1976. Since then, until his death in 1996, the prime inspirer of the field was George Boolos. Significant contributions to the field have been made by Sergei N. Artemov, Lev Beklemishev, Giorgi Japaridze, Dick de Jongh, Franco Montagna, Giovanni Sambin, Vladimir Shavrukov, Albert Visser and others.

## Generalizations

Interpretability logics and Japaridze's polymodal logic present natural extensions of provability logic.
# Estola cuneata

Estola cuneata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.
# Minnesota State Highway 223

Minnesota State Highway 223 (MN 223) is a 7.643-mile-long (12.300 km) highway in northwest Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 92 in Holst Township of Clearwater County and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with Clearwater County State-Aid Highway 10 in Leonard. It is also signed as Leonard Road.
MN 223 passes through Holst Township, Dudley Township, and Leonard.

## Route description

Highway 223 serves as an east–west connector route in northwest Minnesota. It connects State Highway 92 with the town of Leonard.
The route is legally defined as Route 223 in the Minnesota Statutes.

## History

Highway 223 was authorized on July 1, 1949.
The route was paved in 1960.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Clearwater County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Holst Township | 0.000 | 0.000 | MN 92 – Bagley, Clearbrook CSAH 18 west | Western terminus |
| Holst Township | 1.980 | 3.187 | CSAH 33 south | |
| Holst Township | 3.239 | 5.213 | CR 78 north | |
| Holst Township | 3.989 | 6.420 | CSAH 47 south | |
| Dudley Township | 6.960 | 11.201 | CSAH 2 south | |
| Leonard | 7.520 | 12.102 | CSAH 23 east (2nd Avenue) | |
| Leonard | 7.591 | 12.217 | CSAH 14 north (1st Avenue) | |
| Leonard | 7.644 | 12.302 | CSAH 10 west | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Khoronk

40°08′09″N 44°14′40″E﻿ / ﻿40.13583°N 44.24444°E﻿ / 40.13583; 44.24444 Khoronk (Armenian: Խորոնք, also Romanized as Khoronq; formerly, Lenugi, Nizhniy Aylanlu, Nerkin Aylanlu, and Lenughi) is a town in the Armavir province of Armenia. The town's church dates to 1880.
# Gangachin

Gangachin (Persian: گنگچين) is a village in Beradust Rural District of Sumay-ye Beradust District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,682 in 472 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,458 people in 566 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,488 people in 546 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district. The village is populated by Kurds.
# Affine logic

Affine logic is a substructural logic whose proof theory rejects the structural rule of contraction. It can also be characterized as linear logic with weakening.
The name "affine logic" is associated with linear logic, to which it differs by allowing the weakening rule. Jean-Yves Girard introduced the name as part of the geometry of interaction semantics of linear logic, which characterizes linear logic in terms of linear algebra; here he alludes to affine transformations on vector spaces.
Affine logic predated linear logic. V. N. Grishin used this logic in 1974, after observing that Russell's paradox cannot be derived in a set theory without contraction, even with an unbounded comprehension axiom. Likewise, the logic formed the basis of a decidable sub-theory of predicate logic, called 'Direct logic' (Ketonen & Wehrauch, 1984; Ketonen & Bellin, 1989).
Affine logic can be embedded into linear logic by rewriting the affine arrow $A\rightarrow B$ as the linear arrow$A\multimap B\otimes \top$.
Whereas full linear logic (i.e. propositional linear logic with multiplicatives, additives, and exponentials) is undecidable, full affine logic is decidable.
Affine logic forms the foundation of ludics.
# Maine State Route 183

State Route 183 (SR 183) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. It runs from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) to Schoodic Beach Road entirely within the town of Sullivan, Hancock County. The total length is 4+1⁄3 miles (7.0 km).

## Route description

SR 183 begins at US 1 within the community of East Sullivan. The route, known as Tunk Lake Road for its entire length, heads northeast through a mostly forested area with numerous houses lining the road. It makes a turn to the east at an unpaved fire road but eventually curves back to the northeast. It intersects Flanders Pond Road which provides access to the water body of the same name. Before ending, SR 183 crosses the Down East Sunrise Trail, formerly a railroad line, within the community of Tunk Lake. The highway ends at Schoodic Beach Road which heads to the west and Tunk Lake Road continues north as a locally-maintained road to Tunk Lake.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Sullivan, Hancock County.
| mi | km | Destinations |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | US 1 / Town Landing Road – Gouldsboro, Milbridge, Sullivan, Ellsworth |
| 4.33 | 6.97 | Schoodic Beach Road / Tunk Lake Road |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Ellerslie (Linden, North Carolina)

Ellerslie is a historic plantation house located near Linden, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1790, and is a 1 1/2-story, six bay by two bay, Georgian style frame dwelling with a two-story Greek Revival style addition. It features a wide shed porch with plastered cove ceiling.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## History

Ellerslie's founder, George Elliot, was born in Scotland in 1755. He immigrated to the American colonies around 1774 and soon entered the lumber business along the Cape Fear River Valley. After building Ellerslie sometime between 1790-1801, Elliot emerged as the largest landowner in his district and was an active political leader. In 1788 he represented Cumberland County at the Hillsborough Convention, which had been called to vote on the new United States Constitution.
Ellerslie’s location on the Lower Little River was important for community and commerce. The Little River and the Cape Fear River connected the Highland-Scot community with Wilmington, NC and closely linked the regions commercially. Additionally, the Elliot family cemetery was located where the Little River joins the Cape Fear River.
During the American Civil War, the Ellerslie Plantation was used at separate times to quarter both Confederate and Union troops. Prior to the Battle of Averasborough, Federal troops under Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman raided Ellerslie. The encounter was recorded by resident and Civil War diarist Jane Evans Elliot:
   This day two weeks since, 12 of March was a day of sorrow and confusion never to be forgotten. Sherman’s army reached Fayetteville the day before, and at 9 o’clock Sunday morning, a party of raiders rushed in upon our peaceful home. They pillaged and plundered the whole day and quartered upon that night and staid [sic] until 5 o’clock Monday evening. Some part of the time there were at least three different parties. The house was rifled from garret to cellar. Took all our blankets and all [my husband’s] clothes, all our silver and knives and forks, all our luxuries, leaving nothing but a little meat and corn. They threatened [my husband’s] life repeatedly and one ruffian galloped up to the door and pulled out his matches to fire the house. Oh! it was terrible beyond description. It seems ever present to my mind. One night they strung fire all around us and we took up the children and dressed them and watched all night fearing the fire might consume our dwelling.

## Notable residents

* John Newland Maffitt (privateer), the renowned Confederate blockade runner, spent part of his childhood on the Ellerslie Plantation after he was adopted around 1824 by his uncle Dr. William Maffitt, a respected Cumberland County physician. The Maffitt family home was on or near the Ellerslie estate. Contrary to some reports, Dr. Maffitt did not own the Ellerslie plantation.
* Jane Evans Elliot (1820-1886), the Civil War memoirist, lived at Ellerslie after marrying Col. Alexander Elliot.
* Henry Elliot, the Elliot Pecan's namesake, was raised at Ellerslie. He was the son of Col. Alexander Elliot and Jane Evans Elliot.
# Texas A&M University School of Architecture

Texas A&M University College of Architecture is the architecture college of Texas A&M University.
With over 2,900 students, the college is one of the largest architectural colleges in the nation. Established in 1905, Texas A&M's architecture program is the oldest in Texas. The program became a formal college at Texas A&M in 1969.

## Departments

The college's three departments — architecture, construction science, and landscape architecture and urban planning — together offer 15 degree programs, including undergraduate programs, master's degree programs, and three Ph.D. programs.
* Architecture
The Department of Architecture at Texas A&M University is one of the largest and most diverse professional programs in the United States, with five unique degree programs. Nationally ranked among other accredited professional programs in architecture, the department enters its second century of architectural education by creating and disseminating knowledge to students through the studio education method with an emphasis on sustainability.
* Construction Science
The Department of Construction Science is one of the largest programs of construction higher education in the nation. The department's primary mission is to prepare undergraduates and graduate students for successful careers in construction and construction-related industries. In 2021 it became the first institution in Texas to offer a Ph.D. in Construction Science.
* Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning
The Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, through two undergraduate and four graduate degree programs, provides education, research and outreach in planning, design, development and management of communities to continually improve the quality of the living environment, and by extension, the quality of our lives.

## Degrees and majors
### Department of Architecture

* Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Architecture
* Master of Science in Architecture (M.S.)
* Master of Architecture (MArch)
* Master of Architecture — Career Change
* Bachelor of Environmental Design (B.E.D.)

### Department of Construction Science

* Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Construction Science
* Master of Science (M.S.) in Construction Management
* Bachelor of Science in Construction Science (B.S.)

### Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning

* Bachelor of Science in Urban & Regional Planning (B.S.)
* Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (B.L.A.)
* Master of Land and Property Development (M.L.P.D)
* Master of Landscape Architecture (M.L.A.)
* Master of Urban Planning (M.U.P)
* Doctor of Philosophy in Urban & Regional Science (Ph.D.)

### Minors in the College of Architecture

* Architectural Fabrication & Product Design
* Architectural Heritage Conservation
* Art and Architecture History
* Facility Management
* Leadership in the Design and Construction Professions
* Sustainable Architecture & Planning
* Urban Planning

## Notable people
### Faculty

* Samuel E. Gideon, professor of architecture
* Adrian Smith, American architect
# Arthur Gilman

Arthur Delevan Gilman FAIA (November 5, 1821, Newburyport, Massachusetts – July 11, 1882, Syracuse, New York) was an American architect, designer of many Boston neighborhoods, and member of the American Institute of Architects.

## Life and career

Gilman was a descendant of Edward Gilman, Sr., one of the first settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire. Gilman was educated at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1844, he published a paper on "American Architecture" in the North American Review, which was translated into several foreign languages. He was then invited to deliver twelve lectures before the Lowell Institute, Boston, after which he went to Europe on a tour of professional observation.
On his return to Boston, he advocated filling in the Back Bay district, urging this plan for years before his views were carried out by the state. Here Gridley James Fox Bryant was his colleague. Commonwealth Avenue, now one of the finest streets in the world, is due almost entirely to his persistent efforts, along with Frederick Law Olmsted. Gilman designed the H. H. Hunnewell house (1851) in Wellesley (then West Needham) and, with Bryant, the Old City Hall in Boston (1862–65).
In 1865, he moved to New York City, where he designed the original Equitable Insurance Company's building, the Bennett Building for The New York Herald, and St. John's Church and parsonage circa 1869 in Clifton, Staten Island.

## Works

In addition to the projects mentioned above, he also designed:
* St. Paul's Church (1858), Dedham, Massachusetts
* Christ Church (1860), Brookline, Massachusetts
* Horticultural Hall (1865), Tremont St., Boston, Massachusetts, with Bryant
# Modus ponendo tollens

Modus ponendo tollens (MPT; Latin: "mode that denies by affirming") is a valid rule of inference for propositional logic. It is closely related to modus ponens and modus tollendo ponens.

## Overview

MPT is usually described as having the form:
* Not both A and B
* A
* Therefore, not B
For example:
* Ann and Bill cannot both win the race.
* Ann won the race.
* Therefore, Bill cannot have won the race.
As E. J. Lemmon describes it: "Modus ponendo tollens is the principle that, if the negation of a conjunction holds and also one of its conjuncts, then the negation of its other conjunct holds."
In logic notation this can be represented as:
* $\neg (A\land B)$
* $A$
* $\therefore \neg B$
Based on the Sheffer Stroke (alternative denial), "|", the inference can also be formalized in this way:
* $A\,|\,B$
* $A$
* $\therefore \neg B$

## Proof

| Step | Proposition | Derivation |
| 1 | $\neg (A\land B)$ | Given |
| 2 | $A$ | Given |
| 3 | $\neg A\lor \neg B$ | De Morgan's laws (1) |
| 4 | $\neg \neg A$ | Double negation (2) |
| 5 | $\neg B$ | Disjunctive syllogism (3,4) |

## Strong form

Modus ponendo tollens can be made stronger by using exclusive disjunction instead of non-conjunction as a premise:
* $A{\underline {\lor }}B$
* $A$
* $\therefore \neg B$
# Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures

Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick, famed film director, made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan.

## Summary

With its running time of 142 minutes long, it consists of several 15-minute chapters, each detailing the making of one of his films – and two more showing his childhood and life.
Jan Harlan got many of Kubrick's collaborators for interviews, including Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Keir Dullea, Arthur C. Clarke, Malcolm McDowell, Peter Ustinov, Jack Nicholson, György Ligeti and Matthew Modine. It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen, Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack.
The film contains some rare footage, including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets, and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick's first feature-length film.

## Release

It was released on DVD on October 23, 2007, and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick: The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick: Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31, 2011, respectively. The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick's other films released January 22, 2008.

## Music

The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook, who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut (1999).
# Kim Ji-yoo

Kim ji-yoo (born 14 July 1999) is a South Korean short track speed skater.
She participated at the 2019 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships, winning a medal.
# Alda, Álava

Alda (Basque pronunciation:, Spanish pronunciation:) is a hamlet and concejo located in the municipality of Harana/Valle de Arana, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It is the capital of the municipality.
# Maine State Route 200

State Route 200 (SR 200) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in Hancock County. The route runs from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Sullivan to SR 179 in Waltham. SR 200 is 17.92 miles (28.84 km) long and also serves the town of Eastbrook.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Hancock County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Sullivan | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 1 – Ellsworth, Machias | |
| Franklin | 5.93 | 9.54 | SR 182 east (Blackswoods Road) – Cherryfield | Southern end of SR 182 concurrency |
| Franklin | 6.86 | 11.04 | SR 182 west (West Franklin Road) | Northern end of SR 182 concurrency |
| Waltham | 17.92 | 28.84 | SR 179 – Ellsworth, Aurora | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||