OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arvydas Šliogeris

Arvydas Šliogeris (Lithuanian pronunciation:; 12 September 1944 – 18 December 2019) was a Lithuanian philosopher, researcher of German existentialism, translator of philosophical texts, and essayist.

## Biography

Arvydas Šliogeris was born and raised in a family of teachers. His father taught Latin and German languages, while his mother taught drawing and geography. The family lived in a countryside estate on the outskirts of the city, where they had a small farm and raised animals.
He graduated with a gold medal from Panevėžys 2nd High School. From 1962 to 1967, he studied at the Faculty of Chemical Technology at Kaunas University of Technology.
In 1970, he began working at the Faculty of Philosophy at Vilnius University, where he taught philosophy from 1973 to 2012 and became an associate professor in 1979. In 1987, he earned a doctoral degree in philosophy. In 1990, he was one of the founders of the Lithuanian Liberal Union. From 2003 to 2012, he served as the head of the Faculty of Philosophy at Vilnius University, and since 2012, he has been a professor emeritus. From 2007, he was a full member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in the field of philosophy.

## Philosophy

Arvydas Šliogeris was one of the most productive Lithuanian philosophers. During the years of the rebirth, he actively engaged in publicism and became known for his sharp, vivid, and often controversial statements. This philosopher was characterized by an evaluation of hierarchical social structures and criticism of egalitarianism (ideas of human equality). He spoke against the referendum process, as it did not correspond to his views, since voting was not dependent on a person's social status.
Arvydas Šliogeris' thinking is characterized by the power of philosophical insight, contemplation of the fundamental foundations of philosophy, paradoxicality, virtuoso linguistic expression, originality, respect for tradition, the creative inclusion of ideas from great Western thinkers into his own field of philosophy, the preservation of individuality, and the connection of everyday experience reflection with contemplation of fundamental Western philosophical texts. The main themes of his philosophy include being and nothingness, sensuality and supersensuality, seeing and thinking, the inhuman world as a place of immanent transcendence phenomena, the nature of the language phenomenon, the relationship between sensually experienced objects and verbally created supersensory sphere, love of a specific place or location (philotopia), the fate of Western philosophy and culture, and the condition of modern Western society. He made significant contributions to the creation of modern philosophical terminology in Lithuanian and the education of Lithuanian philosophers, actively advocating for the status of Lithuanian and the Lithuanian language in society.
Arvydas Šliogeris translated works by Karl Popper, Martin Heidegger, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Hannah Arendt, Albert Camus, and Karl Marx.
# Football in Madagascar

Football is, along with rugby union, one of the most popular sports in the African island nation of Madagascar. The sport is governed in the country by the Malagasy Football Federation.

## International

Madagascar's national football team, nicknamed the Barea, has not had great success internationally having never qualified for a FIFA World Cup. They have performed well in some minor competitions however, advancing to the semifinals in the COSAFA Cup (contested between national teams from Southern Africa) in 2008 and winning the football portion of the Indian Ocean Games twice. Some of the country's best players have played professionally overseas, mostly in France.
Madagascar reached the quarterfinals in the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, beating teams such as Nigeria and DR Congo . This was the first time the country has qualified for an African Cup of Nations. In 2022 Madagascar reached the 3rd place of the African Nations Championship.

## Domestic

Madagascar has an unusual domestic arrangement of leagues. The THB Champions League is the country's most prestigious club honor, but clubs qualify for it annually from one of the 22 regional leagues, much like in the UEFA Champions League. The Anamalanga Regional League is the most notable of these regional leagues, which includes the capital of Antananarivo and domestic powerhouses like Ajesaia and AS Adema. The country's main cup competition is the Coupe de Madagascar, whose winners play the THB Champions League winner in the Super Coupe de Madagascar.
In 2019 the Malagsy Football Federation announced the commencement of a new professional league, the Malagasy Pro League.

## League system

| Level | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) | League(s)/Division(s) |
| 1 | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues | Malagasy Regional Leagues 22 leagues |

## Football stadiums in Madagascar

| # | Stadium | City | Capacity | Tenants |
| 1 | Mahamasina Municipal Stadium | Antananarivo | 40,880 | Madagascar national football team |
| 2 | Barikadimy Stadium | Toamasina | 25,000 | |
| 3 | Stade CNaPS Sport | Toamasina | 15,000 | |
# Robert B. Warden

Robert Bruce Warden (January 18, 1824 – December 3, 1888) was a Democratic Party jurist in the U.S. state of Ohio who sat on the Ohio Supreme Court for a short time 1854–1855. He also authored biographies of Salmon P. Chase and Stephen A. Douglas.

## Biography

Robert B. Warden was born at Bardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky. At about age three, his family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was educated at the Athenaeum, a Roman Catholic college in the city.
Warden started study of law under Judge Reed in 1840, and later under Judge Walker. At age 17 he was deputy clerk of the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas, and two years later clerk, until age 21, when he was admitted to the bar. In 1850, the Ohio Legislature elected him President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and under a new state constitution, he was elected to the same by the public in 1851. He resigned that position April 1852, and was named reporter of the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio that year.
In December, 1854, John A. Corwin resigned as judge on the Ohio Supreme Court, and Governor Medill named Warden to fill the seat. He served until February, 1855, when Joseph Rockwell Swan's term began. He ran for a different seat on the court later in 1855, but lost to his Republican opponent.
Warden returned to private practice in Ohio, where one author characterized him : "He was a man of exceptional ability, but did not possess the power to use it to the best advantage." Another noted : "He was well known as an elegant and forceful speaker, both before the courts and in political campaigns. In politics he was too independent and fearless to permit the 'machine' to influence his course, and this quality denied him the close affiliation with either of the great political parties."
In January, 1873, Warden moved to Washington, D. C., where he was employed at the request of Salmon P. Chase to write a biography of him. Chase died soon thereafter, and the book was published in 1874. Warden had also written a campaign book for Stephen A. Douglas, and other non-fiction works. He wrote the drama Arvoirlich (1857), also known as Was it Fate?.
Judge Warden practiced in Washington before the Supreme Court, and the Court of Claims, and at the State and Treasury Departments. In 1877, he was appointed a member and attorney for the Board of Health of the District of Columbia.
Warden married Catherine R. Kerdolff when he was nineteen years old. She died in Washington in 1884, and Warden died in Washington in 1888. He was survived by two daughters, and one adopted niece. The cause of his death was liver disease.

## Publications

* Warden, Robert B. (1874). An account of the private life and public services of Salmon Portland Chase. Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin and Co.
* Warden, Robert B. (1860). A voter's version of the life and character of Stephen Arnold Douglas. Columbus, Ohio: Follett, Foster and Co.
* Warden, Robert B. (1860). A familiar forensic view of man and law. Columbus, Ohio: Follett, Foster and Co.
# Tejas Bakre

Tejas Bakre (born 12 May 1981, Ahmadabad, India) is an Indian Chess Champion. He acquire Fide Master (FM) title in 1997 and International Master (IM) title in 1999. He was first GM of Gujarat, India. He is Professional Chess Coach and FIDE Senior Trainer (2022).

## Notable tournaments

| Tournament Name | Year | ELO | Points |
| Edmonton Invitational 2015(Edmonton CAN) | 2015 | 2438 | 8.5 |
| FSGM Nov 2012(Budapest HUN) | 2012 | 2481 | 7.0 |
| Oberwart op 27th(Oberwart) | 2005 | 2467 | 7.0 |
| Sharjah IM(Sharjah) | 2003 | 2434 | 3.0 |
| Cairnhill op 20th(Singapore) | 2002 | 2452 | 5.5 |
| Budapest FS12 GM-A(Budapest) | 2000 | 2446 | 9.5 |
# Terrance Hobbs

Terrance Hobbs (born April 6, 1970) is an American musician best known as the lead guitarist of the death metal band Suffocation. He has been a constant member in the band since their first released title Reincremated along with bandmates Frank Mullen and Mike Smith, who all met in high school. Hobbs also played in the deathgrind project Criminal Element, which featured fellow Suffocation member, Derek Boyer.

## Artistry and style

Hobbs is renowned in the death metal scene for combining fast and repetitive barred riffing closely accompanied by other swept and often technical unexpected patterns: laying down the basics of technical/brutal death metal of today. He said, "as bands started to get progressively faster, our ears really liked that, and I think we thought it was fucking stupendous".
Typically, his shred-heavy, bizarre sounding, "mocking" solos, are famously accompanied with signature tremolo use, usually in the form of divebombs, trills and other unusual techniques. Pierced from Within contains many examples of this, with an array of atmospheric, palm-muted breakdowns and complex riffs, along with Effigy of the Forgotten and Souls to Deny, the latter of which features a great deal of layered riffing and melodies.

## Equipment

Hobbs mainly uses a custom B.C. Rich Warlock installed with a Floyd Rose locking tremolo, a DiMarzio Super Distortion bridge pickup, Gotoh tuners, and fitted with D'Addario strings. His pedals include a Maxon OD-9 overdrive pedal, and a Boss NS-2 Noise Suppressor. His amplification consists of a Peavey 6505+ played through Vader cabinets.
# Vantage Bridge

The Vantage Bridge is a bridge in the U.S. state of Washington. It carries Interstate 90 across the Columbia River, near Vantage and George, Washington. This section of the river is named Wanapum Lake; it is the reservoir formed by Wanapum Dam. The bridge separates the Ginkgo Petrified Forest and Wanapum Recreational Area State Park on the western bank of the Columbia.
The current bridge is the second Vantage Bridge. The first was built in 1927 as part of the Sunset Highway (later US 10), a precursor to I-90. In 1962 the second bridge was built because the reservoir pool backing up behind the new Wanapum Dam would soon overwhelm the old bridge; it was dedicated by the state on November 9, 1962. The first bridge was dismantled for reuse. The steel cantilever truss was reused for the Lyons Ferry Bridge, which opened in 1968 to carry SR 261 across the Snake River.
The bridge deck is scheduled to be replaced between 2024 and 2027 with seasonal lane closures. It is the first major overhaul since 1982.
# Allobates gasconi

Allobates gasconi is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to the Acre and Amazonas states of Brazil and to the Yuyapichis River area in Peru.

## Habitat

The frog's natural habitat is Amazon várzea forest, which floods periodically. It has been observed in both primary and secondary forest, and it can tolerate some level of habitat disturbance. Scientists have seen the frog between 100 and 250 meters above sea level.
The frog's range includes many protected parks, including Parque Ambiental Chico Mendes and Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá.

## Reproduction

The female frog lays eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Threats

The IUCN classifies this frog as least concern of extinction, though fires and logging do pose some threat, particularly in the northern parts of its range.

## Original description

* Morales, V.R. (2000). "Sistematica y Biogeografia del Grupotrilineatus (Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobatidae,Colostethus), con Descripcion de Once Nuevas Especies". Publicaciones de la Asociacion Amigos de Donana: 1–59.
# Henry Phelps Johnston

Henry Phelps Johnston (1842–1923) was a historian of the American Revolutionary War and professor at the City College of New York.

## Life

Johnston was born in Trabzon, Turkey, on April 19, 1842, the son of American missionaries Thomas Pinckney Johnston and Marianne Cassandra Howe. He was educated at Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, and Yale University, graduating B.A. in 1862. During the American Civil War he enlisted as a private in the 15th Connecticut Infantry Regiment, and was honorably discharged in July 1865 as a second lieutenant. He studied at Yale Law School from 1865 to 1867 and briefly practised as a lawyer in New York before becoming a newspaperman. From 1879 he taught at the City College of New York, retiring in 1916 as emeritus professor. After retirement he moved to Connecticut, dying on February 28, 1923, in the Middlesex Hospital, Middletown.
From 1882 to 1883, he was editor of The Magazine of American History.
With his wife, Elizabeth Kirtland Holmes, he had four sons.

## Writings

* The Campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn (1878)
* Observations on Judge Jones' Loyalist History of the American Revolution (1880)
* The Yorktown Campaign (1881)
* Yale and her Honor-Roll in the American Revolution (1888)
* The Battle of Harlem Heights (1897)
* The Storming of Stony Point (1900)
* Nathan Hale, 1776 (1914)
# Armathwaite Castle

Armathwaite Castle is in the village of Armathwaite, Cumbria, England, by the River Eden. Originally built to defend against Scottish raiders in the 15th century, it was converted into a mansion and today is a Grade II* listed building.

## Details

Armathwaite Castle was built in the 15th century on a strong point along the west side of the River Eden by the Skelton family. Although the precise date of its construction cannot be ascertained it was most probably constructed by John Skelton in 1445. The Skelton family appears to have been a well known family, being the representatives of the county and the city of Carlisle at the parliament. The castle was a four-storied pele tower with the facade constructed from hewn stone and protected the Eden valley from Scottish raiders. The castle estate also includes a Benedictine nunnery called Nun's Close. The founder of this nunnery is now known, with some sources naming William Rufus, while other disagreeing and stating that he founded a religious house at the nunnery, not the nunnery itself.
The Skeltons resided at the castle till 1712, when Richard Skelton sold the castle to William Sanderson. Robert Sanderson Milbourne (1660–1741), inherited the castle from his brother in 1727. Robert was assistant to Thomas Rymer in preparing the massive 20-volume Foedera (a compilation of treaties between England and foreign states from 1066 to 1654), and he made the castle the centre of a collection of antiquities and relics. It passed to the Milbournes and in 1846 onto William Lowther, the 2nd Earl of Lonsdale. It was reported in 1892 that the castle had fallen into disrepair. In the early 19th century the castle was converted into a mansion, faced with ashlar cut stone in a classical style, with an adjacent wing for offices.
Today the castle is privately owned.
# Eddy Block

The Eddy Block is a historic commercial building in Webster, Massachusetts. The three-story brick building was built by Lyman R. Eddy in 1878 on the site of a previous block which had been destroyed by fire. The Gothic Revival building has had a variety of tenants, including the post office, a district court, the Masonic Lodge (the latter two in the upper floor meeting space), and the Webster Times.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# M. S. Bisht

Mohan Singh Bisht (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand. He is a Member of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from Lalkuan Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Bisht is from Lalkuan, Nainital District, Uttarakhand. He is the son of Gopal Singh. He completed his Ph.D. in 2004 at Kumaun University, Nainital, DCB Campus after his M.A. in 2004.

## Career

Bisht won from Lalkuan Assembly constituency representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled 46,307 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Harish Rawat of Indian National Congress, by a margin of 17,527 votes.
# Horrid Red

Horrid Red is a rock band formed in 2010 in San Francisco, California. It features German vocalist Bunker Wolf, as well as instrumentalists Edmund Xavier and Clay Ruby. The band has released four studio albums: Celestial Joy (2011), Nightly Wreaths (2012), Gold of Days (2014), and Radiant Life (2020).
Described as a post-punk and dark wave band, Horrid Red "mixes dark new-wave with a pop sensibility," incorporating a "noirish krautrock and fuzz-wreathed songcraft." The band cites Cabaret Voltaire, Savage Republic, The Fall, Public Image Ltd. and Can as influences. The band's lyrics are sung in German.

## Members

* Bunker Wolf - vocals
* Edmund Xavier - instruments
* Clay Ruby - instruments

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Celestial Joy (2011)
* Nightly Wreaths (2012)
* Gold of Days (2014)
* Radiant Life (2020)

### EPs

* Empty Lungs (2010)
* Pink Flowers (2011)
* Silent Party (2011)
* Banquet in Blue (2012)
* Who Made the World (2013)
# Lodewyk van Bercken

Lodewyk van Bercken (also known in French as Louis de Berquem) was a mid- to late-15th century Flemish jeweller and diamond cutter, renowned in the industry for inventing the scaif. The device revolutionized the diamond cutting industry and contributed to increased popularity of diamonds.

## About

Van Bercken was born in Bruges. He is credited with inventing the scaif, a polishing wheel infused with a mixture of olive oil and diamond dust. With the scaif, it became possible to polish all the facets of the diamond symmetrically at angles that best reflected the light.

## Charles the Bold

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy became the patron of van Bercken and in the 1470s commissioned him to cut a 137 carat (27.4 g) stone that later became known as the Florentine Diamond. Van Bercken experimented with three diamonds belonging to Charles the Bold. One stone was the Beau Sancy, another became the property of Pope Sixtus V, and the third was given by Charles to Louis XI. Later Charles the Bold also sent one of his favorite jewels to be recut, which is now known as the Sancy Diamond.

## Legacy

Diamonds became popular as ornaments in jewelry in the 1400s and the different techniques and styles of diamond cuts were gradually developed over many years.
Lodewyk van Bercken was a Flemish diamond polisher who invented the scaif. This ingenious polishing wheel enabled him to quickly cut facets into diamonds with precision. The scaif transformed the diamond trade. It opened the doors to the creation of complex diamond cuts which otherwise would have never been possible. The scaif is still used today as an essential tool for the diamond industry in order to create facets on diamonds. In 1475, Lodewyk van Bercken invented the world's first briolette cut diamond. He introduced the concept of absolute symmetry in the placement of facets on the stone. His meticulous and precisely studied advancements resulted in the first pear shaped briolette cut, a revolutionary breakthrough on shape, design and cutting excellence.
A bronze statue in commemoration of Lodewyk Van Bercken's contributions to the diamond industry, can be seen at the beginning of Meir Street in Antwerp, Belgium. The statue depicts Lodewyk Van Bercken holding a diamond in his hand with a baby angel floating above. Meir Street is one of the major shopping arteries in Antwerp Belgium, equivalent to New York's 5th Avenue, located a few blocks from Antwerp's famous Diamond District.
# Lycée Guebre-Mariam

The Gebre-Mariam French-Ethiopian High School, commonly known as Lycée Guébré-Mariam (LGM) (Amharic: ገብረ ማርያም ትምህርት ቤት), is a French international school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was established in 1947 and in the same year had integrated the Mission laïque française. It covers maternelle (preschool) through terminale, the final year of lycée (senior high school). It includes multilingual education in French, English and Amharic from preschool for all students. As of 2017, the school has about 1,800 students, ranging from 3 to 18 years.
The French government spends around €4 million every year on LGM, which comes out to about €2,500 per student.

## Namesake

The school's name commemorates Dejazmach Gebre Mariam Gari, who was an Ethiopian anti-fascist resistance fighter during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and the subsequent Italian occupation of Ethiopia. His name, Gebre Mariam, translates to “servant of Mary”.
The hyphen in the school's name is due to a French punctuation convention. (See French orthography#Hyphens)

## Notable Alumni

* Helen Pankhurst
* Liya Kebede
* Ethiopian Records
* Amde Akalework
* Sahle-Work Zewde
* Chef Yohanis
* Betty G.
The LGM has a website dedicated to its alumni, former LGM students. Alumni website link