OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Connecticut Route 287

Route 287 is a Connecticut state highway in the southern Hartford suburbs, running from Newington to Wethersfield. It serves the community of Griswoldville in Wethersfield.

## Route description

Route 287 begins as East Robbins Avenue at an intersection with Route 176 in Newington. It heads east for 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the Berlin Turnpike (US 5 and Route 15), briefly overlapping it to reach Prospect Street. Route 287 soon crosses into Wethersfield, passing by the Wethersfield Country Club in the Griswoldville neighborhood. Route 287 ends at an intersection with Route 3 near Old Wethersfield.
The section of Route 287 in Wethersfield is designated the Bohdan "Bo" Kolinsky Memorial Highway.

## History

Route 287 was established from previously unsigned state roads, SR 544 (Prospect Street) and SR 760 (Robbins Avenue), in 1969. However, it was not included in the official state highway map until 1975 because part of the route had been in arbitration with the town of Newington. It has had no significant changes since.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Hartford County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Newington | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 176 – Hartford, Newington Center, Berlin | Western terminus |
| Newington | 0.76 | 1.22 | US 5 south / Route 15 south (Berlin Turnpike) – Berlin, Meriden, New Haven | Western end of US 5/Route 15 concurrency |
| Newington | 0.83 | 1.34 | US 5 north / Route 15 north (Berlin Turnpike) – Hartford, East Hartford | Eastern end of US 5/Route 15 concurrency |
| Wethersfield | 3.36 | 5.41 | Route 3 to Route 99 – Cromwell, Glastonbury | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Connecticut Route 334

Route 334 is a Connecticut state highway in the Naugatuck River valley, running from Seymour to Ansonia.

## Route description

Route 334 begins at an intersection with Route 188 near the Seymour-Oxford town line and heads southeast. As it approaches the Seymour-Derby town line, it turns northeast past the Fountain Lake Reservoir and briefly along the Seymour-Ansonia turn line before crossing into Ansonia. In Ansonia, it intersects Route 8 and turns south and southeast, crossing the Naugatuck River before ending at an intersection with Route 115 near the Ansonia railroad station.

## History

As part of the 1962 Route Reclassification Act, Great Hill Road in Ansonia and Seymour was taken over by the state and designated as SR 734. With the opening of the Route 8 expressway, the old surface alignment of Route 8 in Derby and Seymour was designated as SR 735 in 1960. In the 1962 Route Reclassification, most of this had been turned over to the towns. SR 735 was reconfigured to instead follow Franklin Street towards downtown Ansonia instead. Route 334 was commissioned 1963 from SR 734 and the reconfigured SR 735 and has had no significant changes since.

## Junction list

The entire route is in New Haven County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Seymour | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 188 – Derby, Oxford, Southford | Western terminus |
| Ansonia | 3.07 | 4.94 | Route 8 – Bridgeport, Waterbury | No westbound access to Route 8 north; exit 15 on Route 8 |
| Ansonia | 4.40 | 7.08 | Route 115 – Seymour, Derby | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access |||||
# Connecticut Route 364

Route 364 is a state highway in central Connecticut running from Southington to Berlin.

## Route description

Route 364 begins at an intersection with Route 120 near the Southington town center and heads east to Berlin. In Berlin, it continues northeast and east to end at an intersection with Route 71.

## History

Route 364 was commissioned from SR 564 in 1963 and has had no significant changes since. SR 564 was designated only the year before as part of the 1962 Route Reclassification Act.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Hartford County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Southington | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 120 – Downtown Southington, Meriden | Western terminus |
| Berlin | 4.56 | 7.34 | Route 71 – Meriden, Kensington | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Connecticut Route 47

Route 47 is a Connecticut state highway from US 6 in Woodbury to US 202 in Washington, in the western south-central part of the state. It is 12.27 miles (19.75 km) long and runs roughly northwest-southeast, signed north–south.

## Route description

Route 47 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 6 in North Woodbury and heads northwestward as Washington Road. It crosses the Nonnewaug River 0.6 miles (0.97 km) later, then Route 132 (for Bethlehem) splits off to the north after another 0.7 miles (1.1 km) . The road then travels for 3.5 miles (5.6 km) through rural northwestern Woodbury and enters the town of Roxbury. Route 47 travels briefly through the northeast corner of Roxbury where it is known as Washington-Woodbury Road. After 0.8 miles (1.3 km), Route 47 then enters the town of Washington, becoming Woodbury Road. After another 2.4 miles (3.9 km) through rural southern Washington, Route 47 meets with Route 199 in the town center. Continuing north as Green Hill Road for another mile, Route 47 soon crosses the Shepaug River into Washington Depot, where it has a junction with Route 109. Route 47 and Route 109 turn right together on Bee Brook Road as they leave the village. Route 109 splits off to the east (for Morris) about 0.3 miles (0.48 km) later while Route 47 heads north. Route 47 re-crosses the Shepaug River in the vicinity of the Bee Brook Rest Area, a picnic area along the highway. The road ends after another 1.9 miles (3.1 km) at an intersection with U.S. Route 202 in northern Washington, just east of New Preston.

## History

In October 1803, the Woodbury to Washington road was chartered as a toll road known as the Washington Turnpike. It ran from Woodbury center through Washington center up to the village of New Preston. The turnpike used modern Route 47 from Woodbury to Washington Depot, then used Baldwin Hill Road to reach New Preston. In 1922, most main highways in Connecticut were now managed by the state highway department. The Washington Turnpike alignment had been designated as State Highway 154. The new state highway had a slightly different northern alignment, using Bee Brook Road instead of Baldwin Hill Road. In the 1932 state highway renumbering, old Highway 154 became Route 47. No major changes have occurred since then.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Litchfield County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Woodbury | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 6 – Watertown, Southbury | Southern terminus |
| Woodbury | 1.33 | 2.14 | Route 132 north – Bethlehem | Southern terminus of Route 132 |
| Washington | 8.15 | 13.12 | Route 199 south – Roxbury | Northern terminus of Route 199 |
| Washington | 9.17 | 14.76 | Route 109 west – New Milford | Southern end of Route 109 concurrency |
| Washington | 9.45 | 15.21 | Route 109 east – Morris | Northern end of Route 109 concurrency |
| Washington | 12.27 | 19.75 | US 202 – Litchfield, New Milford | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Billy Baber

William Franklin Baber (born January 17, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played for four total seasons for the Kansas City Chiefs, San Diego Chargers, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

## College career

After playing prep football at Western Albemarle High School, Baber played collegiate for the nearby Virginia Cavaliers.

## Professional career

He was selected in the fifth round with the 141st overall pick of the 2001 NFL draft by the Kansas City Chiefs. Baber played in just one game during his rookie season. In 2002, he started 2 of the 12 games that he played in, recording 2 receptions for ten yards and 1 touchdown. The following year, he played all 16 games but made just one reception for 20 yards. In November 2004, the Chiefs waived Baber. The San Diego Chargers acquired him, but he did not see action. Finally, he played his last game, in 2004, for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, recording 1 reception for 7 yards.
# Connecticut Route 99

Route 99 is a state highway in Connecticut running for 10.64 miles (17.12 km) from Route 9 in Cromwell, through the town of Rocky Hill, ending in Wethersfield at the Hartford city line. The road continues into Hartford as a local road (Wethersfield Avenue). It follows the former alignment of Route 9 from prior to that route's upgrade to a freeway.

## Route description

Route 99 begins as the northbound Exit 25 ramp of Route 9 in Cromwell. At the end of the off ramp, the road continues north as Main Street. (Access from Main Street to the southbound on-ramp for Route 9 is designated as State Road 901). Main Street is a two-lane road that goes north through Cromwell up to Rocky Hill for about 5.6 miles (9.0 km). At the junction with Elm Street (Route 160), the road becomes a four-lane road known as the Silas Deane Highway. The Silas Deane Highway continues through Rocky Hill up to the town of Wethersfield. It serves as the main thoroughfare of these two towns, also providing access to several shopping centers. Route 99 has interchanges with Interstate 91 in Rocky Hill and the Wilbur Cross Highway (Route 15) in Wethersfield. At the Hartford city line, Route 99 ends but the road continues into downtown Hartford as Wethersfield Avenue.
The entire length of Route 99 is also known as the George Washington Memorial Highway.

## History

The alignment of Route 99 was originally designated as part of New England Interstate Route 10 in the 1920s. The Silas Deane Highway was built in 1930 and New England Route 10 was shifted slightly west to use the new highway. In the 1932 state highway renumbering, the alignment was re-designated as Route 9. When Route 9 was upgraded to an expressway between I-91 and I-95 in 1969, the old surface alignment became Route 99.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Middlesex | Cromwell | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 9 south – Old Saybrook | Southern terminus; exit 25 on Route 9 |
| Middlesex | Cromwell | 0.97 | 1.56 | Route 372 west – Berlin | Eastern terminus of Route 372 |
| Hartford | Rocky Hill | 5.19 | 8.35 | West Street (SSR 411) | To Dinosaur State Park |
| Hartford | Rocky Hill | 5.94 | 9.56 | Route 160 – Berlin, South Glastonbury | South Glastonbury via Rocky Hill-Glastonbury Ferry (April 1–November 30) |
| Hartford | Rocky Hill | 7.25 | 11.67 | I-91 – Hartford, New Haven | Exit 31 on I-91 |
| Hartford | Wethersfield | 8.48 | 13.65 | Route 3 – Glastonbury, Rocky Hill | |
| Hartford | Wethersfield | 9.03 | 14.53 | Route 175 west – Newington | Eastern terminus of Route 175 |
| Hartford | Wethersfield | 10.33 | 16.62 | Route 314 west (Jordan Lane) | Eastern terminus of Route 314 |
| Hartford | Wethersfield | 10.50 | 16.90 | US 5 / Route 15 (Wilbur Cross Highway) – New Haven, Hartford | Same-directional access only; no northbound entrance; exit 71 on Route 15 |
| Hartford | Wethersfield–Hartford line | 10.64 | 17.12 | Wethersfield Avenue | Continuation north |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Incomplete access ||||||
# Cotter Bridge

The Cotter Bridge, also known as the R. M. Ruthven Bridge and the White River Concrete Arch Bridge, carries U.S. Route 62 Business across the White River west of the city of Cotter in Baxter County, Arkansas. Upon completion, the bridge opened a part of the Ozarks previously inaccessible to motorists. Constructed in 1930, it is the only bridge built by the Marsh Engineering Company of Des Moines, Iowa, in the state of Arkansas.

## Getting a bridge in Cotter

Cotter was established in 1905 as a railroad town. The area used a ferry system to cross the vast White River, with the nearest road crossing being 100 miles (160 km) north in Branson, Missouri. The river would rise and fall very quickly, which caused the ferry to be very unreliable. Baxter County residents wanted a bridge, but were opposed to the use of toll to pay for it.$^{:6}$ Once it became apparent that the federal road U.S. Route 62 would replace Arkansas Highway 12 through the area, bridge interest reached a peak. The federal road would bring an economic boom to the tourist-themed Ozarks that had not been developed, but the funding was still not available due to Arkansas' lack of a central road authority.$^{:7}$ The state approved the use of toll bridges in 1927, as long as they became free upon payment of the debt.$^{:8}$ Judge R. M. Ruthven concealed a damning feasibility report from the Highway Commission, which would have resulted in the bridge being built elsewhere.$^{:9}$ Twenty years later, he allegedly mailed the report to the Commission anyway.$^{:9}$ President Calvin Coolidge signed the bridge into construction on May 2, 1928, and upon approval by the War Department, the bridge was contracted to James Barney Marsh.$^{:10}$

## Construction and opening of the Cotter Bridge

The bridge was contracted to a company from Nashville, Tennessee, in 1929, and they used as much local labor as possible. A cable system was used to avoid problems with the mercurial river. The company installed lights and worked around the clock in order to prevent delays.$^{:15}$ The bridge was dedicated on November 11, 1930, but for months the residents of Cotter continued to use the free ferry system rather than pay the toll.$^{:19}$ The Highway Department even had to threaten the community with retracted funding unless the residents began using the bridge.

## Today

The Cotter Bridge was once proposed to be replaced, but area residents protested, and instead a new bridge was built north of the area. U.S. Route 62 now runs on the new bridge, where the former alignment of US 62 exists today as U.S. Route 62 Business through downtown Cotter. The bridge was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1986; it was Arkansas' first National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.$^{:1}$ In 1990, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places (ID 90000518).
# Oligosoma aureocola

Oligosoma aureocola, the Mataura skink, is a species of skink found in New Zealand.
# Delaware Route 11

Delaware Route 11 (DE 11) is a state highway in Kent County, Delaware. It is signed north–south and runs from Maryland Route 302 (MD 302) at the Maryland border near Templeville, Maryland, northeast to DE 300 near Kenton. The road, known as Arthursville Road for its entire length, passes through farmland in western Kent County and through the town of Hartly, where it intersects DE 44. The route was built as a state highway in the 1920s and 1930s and received the DE 11 designation by 1936.

## Route description

DE 11 begins at the Maryland border in western Kent County, where the road continues west into that state as MD 302 toward the town of Templeville. From the state line, DE 11 heads northeast on two-lane, undivided Arthursville Road through a mix of woods and farms with occasional residences. The road enters the town of Hartly, where it passes several homes along with some commercial establishments. In the center of town, the route crosses DE 44 and heads north before it curves northeast out of Hartly. DE 11 continues into rural areas with some residences, making another turn north. The road runs northeast and crosses Jordan Branch and Pinks Branch before it comes to an end at DE 300 to the southwest of the town of Kenton.
DE 11 has an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 2,543 vehicles at the north end of Hartly to a low of 1,503 vehicles at the south end of Hartly.

## History

By 1920 what is now DE 11 existed as an unimproved county road. The portion of the route north of Hartly was built as a paved state highway in 1927. The road south of Hartly was taken over by the state and paved by 1931. DE 11 was assigned to its current alignment by 1936. The route has not changed since its inception.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Kent County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.00 | 0.00 | MD 302 west (Barclay Road) – Templeville | Maryland state line; southern terminus |
| Hartly | 2.58 | 4.15 | DE 44 (Everetts Corner Road/Main Street) – Sudlersville, Dover | |
| ​ | 6.93 | 11.15 | DE 300 (Sudlersville Road) – Kenton, Smyrna, Wilmington | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Fortunian

47°04′34″N 55°49′52″W﻿ / ﻿47.0762°N 55.8310°W﻿ / 47.0762; -55.8310 The Fortunian age marks the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, the Paleozoic Era, and the Cambrian Period. It is the first of the two stages of the Terreneuvian series. Its base is defined as the first appearance of the trace fossil Treptichnus pedum 538.8 million years ago. The top of the Fortunian which is the base of the Stage 2 of the Cambrian has not been formally defined yet, but will correspond to the appearance of an Archeocyatha species or "Small shelly fossils" approximately 529 million years ago.
The name Fortunian is derived from the town of Fortune on the Burin Peninsula, near the GSSP and Fortune Bay.

## GSSP

The type locality (GSSP) of the Fortunian stage is in Fortune Head, at the northern edge of the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada (47°04′34″N 55°49′52″W﻿ / ﻿47.0762°N 55.8310°W﻿ / 47.0762; -55.8310). This GSSP coincides with the base of the Terreneuvian series, the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary and the beginning of the Phanerozoic. The outcrops show a carbonate-siliciclastic succession which is mapped as the Chapel Island Formation. The formation is divided into the following members that are composed of peritidal sandstones and shales (Member 1), muddy deltaic and shelf sandstones and mudstones (Member 2A), laminated siltstones (Member 2B and 3) and mudstones and limestones of the inner shelf (Member 4). The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary lies 2.4 m above the base of the 2nd member which is the lowest occurrence of Treptichnus pedum. The traces can be seen on the lower surface of the sandstone layers. The first calcareous shelled skeletal fossils (Ladatheca cylindrica) is 400 m above the boundary. The first trilobites appear 1,400 m above the boundary, which corresponds to the beginning of the Branchian Series.
# Veľká Dolina

Veľká Dolina (Hungarian: Nagyvölgy) is a village and municipality in the Nitra District of western central Slovakia, in the Nitra Region.

## History

The village and municipality is a new settlement established in 1956.

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 135 metres and covers an area of 11.686 km². It has a population of about 605 people.

## Ethnicity

The population is about 99% Slovak.
# Fitisemanu v. United States

Fitisemanu v. United States (Docket 21–1394) was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States was asked to consider if the Insular Cases should be overturned and whether people living in American territories such as American Samoa are guaranteed birthright citizenship under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
The petition for certiorari was filed six days after Justice Neil Gorsuch called, in a concurring opinion to United States v. Vaello Madero, for the Insular Cases to be overturned in "an appropriate case." He wrote that the Insular Cases are "shameful," "have no foundation in the Constitution and rest instead on racial stereotypes," and "deserve no place in our law."
The Supreme Court discussed the case in their conference of October 14, 2022, and decided to deny certiorari.

## Background

Since 1900, American Samoa has been a territory of the United States of America. However, people born in American Samoa are not entitled to birthright citizenship as are people born in the fifty states and all other major territories. They are considered to be "United States nationals" instead.
The three petitioners in this case are from American Samoa and are suing the United States to allow them to automatically receive United States citizenship, arguing that they should be given American citizenship as they live in American territories and seek the court to overturn the Insular Cases. The District Court of Utah agreed with the petitioners that they should be given birthright citizenship. In his opinion, Judge Waddoups cited United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) and ruled that American Samoans are entitled to birthright citizenship under Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and struck down the non-citizen status of American Samoans.
The United States appealed and in a 2–1 decision the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit reversed the district court decision with Judge Bacharach dissenting. The court cited one of the Insular Cases, Downes v. Bidwell, as a Supreme Court Precedent not to affirm the lower court's decision. The Court of Appeals also denied an en banc hearing, over the dissent of Judges Bacharach and Moritz.
A petition for writ of certiorari was filed in the United States Supreme Court on April 27 and was discussed in their conference on October 14, 2022 and decided to deny certiorari on October 17, 2022.

## Previous and related cases

In Tuaua v. United States (2012), the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled that American Samoans are not entitled to birthright citizenship under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
In United States v. Vaello Madero (2022), Justice Gorsuch concurred with the majority opinion; however, he wrote that the Insular Cases rested on a "rotten foundation" and expressed his willingness to overrule that decision.
# Blampied, Victoria
## Location

Blampied is a town in the central highlands of Victoria on the Midland Highway. The town is in the Shire of Hepburn, 117 kilometres (73 mi) north west of the state capital of Melbourne. At the 2016 census, Blampied and the surrounding area had a population of 212.
Blampied is about 15 minutes away from famous tourist town Daylesford and about 30 minutes to Ballarat, another famous town where sparked the Victoria gold-rush.
Different from Daylesford or Ballarat, Blampied has its own beauty offering stunning volcanic hills and farming landscape.

## History

The town was named after Louis Blampied who built a hotel here which is now called the Swiss Mountain Inn.
Blampied Post Office opened on 20 November 1879 and closed in 1971.
# Charles E. Springer

Charles Edward Springer (February 20, 1928 – February 19, 2019) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada from 1981 to 1997. a two-time candidate for Governor of Nevada, Springer also served as the state's attorney general. Since 2007, Springer has worked at the law firm Kermitt Waters.

## Early life and education

Springer graduated from the University of Nevada, Reno in 1950 and received his law degree from Georgetown University in 1953.
Springer worked for the Nevada Legislature in 1954 and later that year ran unsuccessfully for Reno city attorney. He later became Gabbs city attorney. In 1955, he started his own law practice. Springer was active in the state Democratic Party, serving as state party chair and a Democratic national committeeman.

## Career

Springer was appointed Attorney General in 1962 by Governor Grant Sawyer, but then challenged Sawyer in the 1966 Democratic party primary. He later ran as an independent for Governor again in 1970. In 1973, he became the Juvenile Court master in Washoe County.
In 1974, he challenged Justice Gordon Thompson for a seat on the Supreme Court and lost. He ran again in 1980, beating District Judge Paul Goldman and was reelected unopposed in 1986 and 1992.
# Mangromedes

Mangromedes is a genus of spiders in the family Dolomedidae.

## Species

As of January 2025, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following extant species:
* Mangromedes kochi (Roewer, 1951) type species – Australia (Queensland)
* Mangromedes porosus Raven & Hebron, 2018 – Australia (Northern Territory)