OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pasterka

Pasterka (Polish:) is a midnight mass celebrated by Catholics during Christmas between December 24 and 25 across Poland. A close translation of the name would be the "Shepherds' Mass" (literally: 'that which belongs to the shepherds' in Polish), in reference to the Biblical shepherds, who were visited by an angel and told of the birth of Christ. During the Pasterka Mass, Polish people sing traditional kolędy, Christmas carols (from the Roman calendae) in the spirit of joy.

## Celebrations

Although Pasterka mass is closely associated with the specific time in Christian liturgy, it is not the actual hour of the night that predicates its meaning. According to Polish ordinance of the Eucharist, the Pasterka is defined only by the type of prayer and biblical texts used during Christmas celebrations. It can be held more than once on December 24, in more than one location by the parish priest; at the church and at a nearby chapel. Often, there are two (or even three) Pasterkas celebrated next to each other – earlier ones for the families with children, then at 9 and 10 p.m. for the youth, and a final one at 12:00 midnight, for the adults.
The participation in the Birth of Christ celebrations is obligatory for all practicing Catholics. They have the option of attending any one of the evening masses or even more than one. Priests may refer to all of them as Pasterka, even though formally they are called Wigilia masses by the episcopate as opposed to the grand mass at midnight. The exact hour of the birth of Christ is not written in the canonical gospels, which allows for choosing the ideal time for ritual prayer on that occasion. On Christmas Eve (December 24) and on Christmas Day, the masses can be celebrated from three different liturgical texts, each suited to a specific sacrament of the Eucharist. In the early hours, the worshippers can attend the Advent waiting mass, which does not excuse them from participating in the Nativity mass for the Birth of Christ later on.
There are no masses in the late afternoon on December 24, which is the time for Wigilia, the traditional supper at family homes. The first evening mass of the Christmas Eve (after the Wigilia) is celebrated around 4 p.m. or later before 8 p.m. followed by the 10 p.m. mass and the one-hour-long grand Midnight Mass, which begins at 12. Music for the Midnight Mass begins as soon as the doors open at 11:00 pm. The Blessing of the Crib can take place before, or after the homilies, when the priests open the Szopka nativity scenes set up by the main altar. Traditionally, the service concludes with an Apostolic Blessing. The next day masses are interchangeable according to scripture, allowing for flexibility in choosing the religious services by individual parishioners. The Christmas Day begins with the early morning mass followed by daytime masses.
Pasterka is a Catholic mass specific to the Birth of Christ celebrations in Poland. Participation in Pasterka is synonymous with Christmas. Many practicing Catholics visit the Church twice on that occasion and are encouraged by the priest to do so.
# Nikolai Sverchkov

Nikolai Yegorovich Sverchkov (Russian: Николай Егорович Сверчков; 1817–1898) was a Russian painter who specialized in genre and hunting scenes with horses. He was also a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts.

## Biography

His father was an Imperial groom and coachman. As a child, he worked with his father and began drawing animals. Impressed with his work, his parents arranged for him to take lessons at the Imperial Academy of Arts with the battle painter, Alexander Sauerweid, from 1827 to 1829. Unable to keep up with the rigorous program there, he was transferred to the prestigious Saint Peter's School, where he studied from 1829 to 1833. Upon graduating, he found employment with the Ministry of the Interior.
He painted in his free time and showed his works at the annual exhibitions of the Academy. In 1839, he was awarded the title of "Free Artist" and quit the civil service. During the 1840s, he visited several famous stud farms to paint scenes of the horses there. In 1850, these were published in book form by the Velten company in Karlsruhe.
Following that, he visited Nikolai Nekrasov at his estate near Yaroslavl and created illustrations for some of his works. In 1852, he was named an "Academician" for his popular troika paintings, and became a Professor in 1855.
From 1856 to 1864, he lived abroad; first in Paris, where he exhibited at the Salon, then in London and Brussels. In 1863, his painting of a bear hunt was purchased by Emperor Napoleon III.
Upon returning to Saint Petersburg in 1864, he was commissioned by Tsar Alexander II to paint a large canvas depicting the departure of Tsar Alexis I to inspect his troops in 1664. He would continue to receive orders from the Royal Court until 1882. Most of this work involved equestrian portraits of members of the Royal Family, but he also did battle scenes; especially from the Russo-Turkish War.
He continued to exhibit frequently, participating in many international shows, including the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. In all, he produced 350 paintings and over a thousand drawings.

## Works

* Emperor Nicholas I at the winter departure (1851)
* Emperor Alexander II (1871)
* Emperor Alexander II with his children in a stroller
* Emperor Alexander III (1881)
* Emperor Alexander III and Kaiser Wilhelm in the open landau (1888)
* Troika (1848)
* Landlord in a Speeding Coach (1855)
* Hunters in the steppe (1873)
* Falconry with Tsar Alexis I and his Boyars
# Paltamo

Paltamo (Swedish: Paltamo, also Paldamo) is a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Kainuu region. The municipality has a population of 2,994 (31 October 2024) and covers an area of 1,139.12 square kilometres (439.82 sq mi) of which 220.23 km$^2$ (85.03 sq mi) is water. The population density is 3.26 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.4/sq mi). There are two built-up areas in the municipality: Kontiomäki and Paltamo. Kontiomäki has about 600 inhabitants.
It is 37 kilometres (23 mi) from Paltamo to Kajaani and 145 kilometres (90 mi) to Oulu.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

## History

Paltamo was first inhabited 8,500 years ago. The most sophisticated finding yet has been a weapon shaped like a bear's head. In 1552 king Gustav Vasa gave an order in which the areas of the Lake Oulu were to be inhabited. 140 families left there. In 1555 it was counted that there were 133 families living in Paltamo. The picture church of Paltamo was built in 1726 by Johan Simonpoika Knubb. It was the fourth church on the site. One of the most important persons in the Finnish history of literature – Eino Leino – was born in Hövelö in 1878. Today Paltamo is one of the slowly declining municipalities of Finland.
The name Paltamo comes from the Finnish word palta "coastal slope".

## Heraldry

The word paltamo means a tar boat in the Kainuu dialect, which is the reason the coat of arms of Paltamo has three black tar boats on a golden background.

## Politics

Results of the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election in Paltamo:
* Centre Party 30.3%
* Finns Party 25.8%
* National Coalition Party 12.1%
* Left Alliance 11.8%
* Social Democratic Party 9.8%
* Christian Democrats 5.4%
* Green League 2.7%
As of 2021 Finnish municipal elections, Paltamo municipal council is made up of: Centre Party (11 seats), Left Alliance (3), Finns Party (3), National Coalition Party (2), Social Democratic Party (1), and Christian Democrats (1).
# Isoetes tegetiformans

Isoetes tegetiformans, commonly known as mat-forming quillwort or mat-forming Merlin's grass, is an aquatic lycophyte endemic to the U.S. state of Georgia. It grows exclusively in shallow, temporary pools on granite outcrops, often with only 2 cm of soil. Only 7 populations are known to exist, and three of these have been destroyed since the plant's discovery in 1976. The remaining populations are threatened with habitat destruction due to quarrying, though the species is protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. New leaves quickly sprout after fall and winter rains, but during the dry summer months these typically shrivel.
# Minnesota State Highway 58

Minnesota State Highway 58 (MN 58) is a 23.538-mile-long (37.881 km) highway in southeast Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with U.S. 52 / State Highway 60 (co-signed) in Zumbrota and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 61 in Red Wing.

## Route description

Highway 58 serves as a northeast–southwest route in southeast Minnesota between Zumbrota and Red Wing.
The roadway passes through the Richard J. Dorer State Forest between Red Wing and Hay Creek.
In the city of Red Wing, Highway 58 follows Plum Street and Bush Street.
The route is also known as Main Street in Zumbrota.
U.S. Highway 63 is concurrent with Highway 58 for one block between 3rd Street and Main Street (U.S. Highway 61) in Red Wing.
The route has one climbing lane for slow vehicles in the southbound direction, between County State Aid Highway 3 and County State Aid Highway 4.
The route is legally defined as Constitutional Route 58 in the Minnesota Statutes.

## History

Highway 58 was authorized in 1920.
The route was completely paved by 1940.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Goodhue County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Zumbrota | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 52 / MN 60 / CSAH 10 – Rochester, Cannon Falls | Interchange |
| Red Wing | 23.446 | 37.733 | 3rd Street | Former US 63 north |
| Red Wing | 23.538 | 37.881 | US 61 to US 63 – Lake City, Hastings | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Museum of Maya Sculpture

The "Museo Escultura" (Sculpture Museum) or "Museo de la Escultura de Copan" (Museum of Sculpture of Copan) or "Museo de la Escultura Maya" (Museum of Maya Sculpture) is a museum dedicated to the Maya culture near the town of Copan Ruinas, very close to the archaeological site of the same name in Honduras. The installations preserve various figures, sculptures, engravings, and original parts of the temples within them.

## History

The museum was built in 1993, as part of the tourist attraction of the archaeological site and to preserve many of the sculptures found in and around Copán. The museum wanted to have a considerable size to be able to house the enormous collection of archaeological pieces, in addition to having an open design so that it can have a guaranteed entry of natural light, since when it was built the town did not have many sources of electricity.
When the building was finished, It was designed to house more than 3,000 pieces of sculpture distributed in 59 exhibits; Inside, a series of sculptures that have been rescued from the archaeological site are exhibited. The huge building comprises about 4,000 square meters of construction on two levels (most of them are underground).it was filled with stelae and pieces of sculpture of deities from the Maya pateon such that were found scattered throughout the site.

## Collection

Among its exhibits stands out the impressive life-size replica of the Rosalila Temple, also known as the Temple of the Sun, discovered under structure 16 in perfect condition. It also houses the original Altar Q and Stelae A, P and 2. In addition to figures of beings that are part of Maya mythology, such as Chaac or Camazotz, the collection includes original parts of temples reassembled within the museum, as well as calendars and engravings.

## Gallery

* Altar Q
* Chaac sculpture
* Statue of Camazotz
* Rosalila temple replica
* Temple statute of Chaac.
* Jumble of Maya glyphs
# Bolewa people

The Bolewa people are an ethnic group located in the northern part of Gombe State. According to Bolewa tradition, their ancestors originated in Yemen. They migrated together with the invaders and originators of the kingdoms of Kanem and Songhai. The Bolewa speakers were found all over the banks of the Gongola River, occupying various communities in the west and north-west areas of Borno, such as Kalam, Fali, Daniski, Kafarati, Mbara and Bauchi.

## History

In the 13th century, the Bolewa people were well established in the Gombe area, and they also made their appearance in the Gongola valley, as suggested by Palmer, where he referred to them as Ata-Gara. During the reign of Kano Abdullahi popularly known as Sarkin Kano, (1499-1509) the Kalam Bolewa settlement was established where they occupied places like Geri-kom, Tappi, Gadam, Dolli, Bojude, Bolari, Biri, Bomala, Gabukka etc.
However, Kalam Bolewa which was a stronghold for Bolewa was raided a century later by the people of Kano.

## Bolewa socialisation

Bolewa socialization was created around the predecessor cult, believing that the forefathers' spiritual worship, involving rituals and sacrifices, is the basis of humanity. The notable feature of Bolewa cult was rain- making cult. This is attributed to ancestor's spirit among the Bojude, Dirri and Tappi, Bolewa who believed in "Konon" while Bolewa of Gadam, Dolli and Geri Kom, refer it to as "Konon-Ako" or "Konon Akku".
“The Konon Akku” was a well-known Jukun ancestral god believed to give spiritual protection and can deliver all Jukuns at the time of trouble.

## Rituals and sacrifices

The Bolewa people observe rituals and make sacrifices during cultural festivities, such as "Gamdo" or "Ngwando". This cultural practice is popular among the Bolewa, particularly when the people experience short periods of rain or drought. They are said to pay tribute to ancestors or great "Auni" (Bolewa kings) who were buried in special places for the protection of the new ruler. The cultural practices were full of fetish, it involved circumbulations of graves based on the "Gamdo" rite. The other well-established Bolewa cultural festival was the "Dengti" or "Dengtide" but exclusively among the Bolewa of Kafarati the culture was observed annually, in which men wore women's clothes and women, in turn, wore men's clothes. It was carried out on the outskirts of the Bolewa community, particularly, around a well-known Baobab tree, believed to be the abode of the Kwami people.

## Change of religion

With the coming of Islam, most Bolewa became Islamised and abandoned all their beliefs and cultures. C.K Meeks (1931) asserted that the Bolewa belongs to the same group of invaders as the founders of the kingdoms of Kanem and Songhai, who were also believed to have come into Africa from Yemen.

## Languages

Bolewa people speak Bole Language.
# Paola Álvarez

Paola Andrea Álvarez Aguilar (born 10 September 1990) is a Bolivian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Spanish Segunda División Pro club Racing de Santander and the Bolivia women's national team.

## Early life

Álvarez hails from the Santa Cruz Department.

## Club career

Álvarez played for Brazilian club EC Taubaté.

## International career

Álvarez played for Bolivia at senior level in two Copa América Femenina editions (2010 and 2018).
# Kozlov (Olomouc District)

Kozlov (German: Koslau) is a municipality and village in Olomouc District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Kozlov consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Kozlov (156)
* Slavkov (64)

## History

The first written mention of Kozlov is from 1324.
Kozlov became a separate municipality on 1 January 2016 by reduction of Libavá Military Training Area.
# Balotelli (disambiguation)

Mario Balotelli (born 1990) is an Italian footballer.
Balotelli may also refer to:
* Balotelli (born 1997), Bissau-Guinean footballer
* Jonathan Balotelli (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
* Alexandre Balotelli (born 1993), Brazilian footballer
* Mario Balotelli (song), a 2012 song by grime crew Ruff Sqwad
# Peter Tilbury

Peter Tilbury (born 20 October 1945) is a British actor and writer, best known for the sitcom It Takes a Worried Man (1981-4), which he created and starred in.
Tilbury was born in Redruth, Cornwall. As an actor, Tilbury's television appearances include The Shadow of the Tower (1972), Dixon of Dock Green (1974), Miss Marple ('Nemesis' episode) (1987), Fortunes of War (1987), Casualty (1989), The Bill (1990), Birds of a Feather (1990), and Chef! (1993).
He appeared in the film Breaking Glass (1980). The following year, in It Takes a Worried Man, he created the character of Philip Roath, who was approaching a midlife crisis. Other major characters in the series were his psychiatrist, played by Nicholas Le Prevost, his boss, played by Christopher Benjamin, and his girlfriend, played by Sue Holderness.
As a television writer, Tilbury's credits include Sorry, I'm a Stranger Here Myself, the first three series of Shelley, starring Hywel Bennett, and thirteen episodes of Chef! from 1993 to 1994, starring Lenny Henry, for which Tilbury was nominated for a BAFTA in 1994. He also wrote ten episodes of Birds of a Feather from 1990 to 1996, and three episodes of Not Going Out in 2007.
His play, Under the Doctor, starring Peter Davison and Anton Rodgers, opened at the Comedy Theatre in London in 2001. It received poor reviews and soon closed.
# Stanley, New Mexico

Stanley is an unincorporated community in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. The ZIP code is 87056.

## Geography
### Climate

Climate type occurs primarily on the periphery of the true deserts in low-latitude semiarid steppe regions. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is BSk (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).
Climate data for Stanley, New Mexico :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 43 (6) | 49 (9) | 56 (13) | 65 (18) | 75 (24) | 84 (29) | 87 (31) | 84 (29) | 78 (26) | 68 (20) | 54 (12) | 45 (7) | 66 (19) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 16 (−9) | 20 (−7) | 24 (−4) | 31 (−1) | 40 (4) | 48 (9) | 54 (12) | 52 (11) | 45 (7) | 34 (1) | 23 (−5) | 16 (−9) | 34 (1) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.4 (10) | 0.4 (10) | 0.5 (13) | 0.5 (13) | 1 (25) | 1.2 (30) | 2.2 (56) | 2.2 (56) | 1.5 (38) | 1.2 (30) | 0.5 (13) | 0.5 (13) | 12.1 (310) |
| Source: Weatherbase ||||||||||||||

## Education

Stanley is in the Moriarty Municipal Schools district.
It was formerly in the Santa Fe School District, which operated a school in Stanley, which in 1962 had 150 students. In 1962 that district's school board approved a plan to have the district moved to Moriarty Municipal Schools. The superintendent of the Santa Fe district advocated for closing the Stanley School because of the following reasons: was in close proximity to the one of Moriarty, that it would not be viable as an elementary only school if only the high school were closed, the poor physical state of the building and it was not meeting the academic benchmarks set by the state government of New Mexico.

## Notable people

* Alan Ebnother, artist
* Jeffrey Epstein, financier, convicted sex offender, owned a rural compound located approximately eight miles north of Stanley
* Alice King, former First Lady of New Mexico
* Bruce King, 23rd, 25th and 28th Governor of New Mexico
* David King, 25th Treasurer of New Mexico
* Gary King, 30th Attorney General of New Mexico and son of Bruce King

## Popular culture

On January 18, 1975, Stanley was referenced in Hee Haw.
# Minnesota State Highway 6

Minnesota State Highway 6 (MN 6) is a 147.775-mile-long (237.821 km) highway in east-central and north-central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 18 in Bay Lake Township near Garrison and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 71 and County Road 30 in Big Falls.

## Route description

State Highway 6 serves as a north–south route between Bay Lake Township, Deerwood, Crosby, Remer, Deer River, and Big Falls in east-central and north-central Minnesota.
The route passes through the Chippewa National Forest in Cass and Itasca counties.
Highway 6 passes through the following state forests:
* Crow Wing State Forest (briefly) in Crow Wing County
* Land O'Lakes State Forest in Cass County
* Remer State Forest in Cass County
* Big Fork State Forest in Itasca County
* Koochiching State Forest in Koochiching County
Schoolcraft State Park is located on Highway 6 in Cass County on the banks of the Mississippi River. The park is located south of Deer River and west of Grand Rapids.
Highway 6 parallels U.S. Highway 169 for part of its route in northern Minnesota.
The route also parallels scenic State Highway 38 for part of its route.

## History

State Highway 6 was authorized in 1920 between Remer and Big Falls. The section between Garrison and Remer was authorized in 1933. The route was designated as Highway 6 in 1934.
Highway 6 was completely paved by 1970.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Crow Wing | Bay Lake Township | 0.000 | 0.000 | MN 18 – Garrison, Brainerd | |
| Crow Wing | Deerwood | 9.432 | 15.179 | MN 210 east – Aitkin | Eastern end of MN 210 overlap |
| Crow Wing | Crosby | 13.828 | 22.254 | MN 210 west – Brainerd | Western end of MN 210 overlap |
| Crow Wing | Wolford Township | 18.381– 18.427 | 29.581– 29.655 | Bridge over the Mississippi River | Bridge over the Mississippi River |
| Cass | Remer Township | 55.573 | 89.436 | MN 200 west – Walker | Western end of MN 200 overlap |
| Cass | Remer | 56.344 | 90.677 | MN 200 east – Hill City | Eastern end of MN 200 overlap |
| Itasca | Deer Lake | 70.840– 70.882 | 114.006– 114.074 | Bridge over the Mississippi River | Bridge over the Mississippi River |
| Itasca | Deer Lake | 77.522 | 124.760 | US 2 east – Grand Rapids | Eastern end of US 2 overlap |
| Itasca | Deer River | 83.064 | 133.679 | US 2 west – Bemidji | Western end of US 2 overlap |
| Itasca | Talmoon | 109.205 | 175.748 | MN 286 east / CSAH 4 west – Marcell | |
| Itasca | Unorganized Territory of Effie | 120.202 | 193.446 | MN 1 east – Effie | South end of MN 1 overlap |
| Koochiching | Unorganized Territory of Northome | 122.584 | 197.280 | MN 1 west – Northome | North end of MN 1 overlap |
| Koochiching | Big Falls | 147.775 | 237.821 | US 71 – International Falls, Bemidji | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Tafawa Balewa's tomb

Tafawa Balewa's tomb is the burial place of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the only Prime Minister of Nigeria, in Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

## History

During the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the prime minister of Nigeria, was kidnapped and his body was found by the roadside six days after the kidnapping. He was then buried in Bauchi where he was born. His tomb was declared as a nationwide monument on August 29, 1979, by the military administrator of the state, Brigadier Garba Duba.
The construction of the monument and the buildings surrounding the tomb began in 1977 and it was authorized in July 1979.