OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bölþorn

Bölþorn (also Bölþor; Old Norse: Bǫlþorn, "Evil-thorn") is a jötunn in Norse mythology, and the father (or grandfather) of Bestla, herself the mother of Odin, Vili and Vé.
The figure receives mention in the Poetic Edda, composed in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, compiled by Icelander Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. Scholars have noted that the Poetic Edda mention may mean that he is the father of the wise being Mímir.

## Name

The name is attested under two variants. Bölþorn is used in Gylfaginning (The Beguiling of Gylfi), whereas Bölþor occurs in Hávamál (Sayings of the High One).
The Old Norse name Bölþorn has been translated 'Evil-thorn'. The variant form Bölþor would have had no clear meaning to medieval Scandinavians.

## Attestations

In Hávamál (Sayings of the High One), Bölþor receives his only mention of the Poetic Edda.
   Nine magic songs I got [learned?] from the famous son Of Bölthor, Bestla’s father, And I got a drink of the precious mead, Poured from [by? to?] Ódrerir.
Gylfaginning (The Beguiling of Gylfi) mentions in the Prose Edda that Bölþorn is a jötunn, and Bestla's father.
   He married that woman who was called Bestla, the daughter of the giant Bölthorn. They had three sons; the first was called Odin, the second Vili, the third Vé.

## Theories

It is often argued that the figure of Bölþorn embodies a traditional relationship with the maternal uncle, a pattern found in Germanic myths and legends alike. According to Orchard, the Roman historian Tacitus (1st c. AD) "had already noted the importance of that particular family tie in Germanic society, and there are numerous examples of the closeness of male figures with their maternal uncles in the literary sources." For instance, a medieval Icelandic proverb goes by saying: "Men turn out most like their maternal uncles." Lindow comments : "Certainly Odin, of all the gods, turned out most like a giant."
Various scholars have also noted that the unnamed man (Bölþorn's son and Bestla's brother) in Hávamál may be the wise being Mímir.
# Technopark Stellenbosch

Techno Park Stellenbosch is a technology focused science park situated on land previously owned by Stellenbosch Municipality, adjoining the farm Kleine Zalze which is located to the south of the town Stellenbosch and adjacent to the Stellenbosch Golf Club.

## History

The Idea to establish a science park was originally conceived by Christo Viljoen, then Dean of the Faculty of Engineering of Stellenbosch University, after a visit to the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan. The proposals that he made in this regard were put forward to the Town Council during 1981 and was subsequently taken up by the council as a priority project.
An application for the establishment of a science park (Techno Park) was submitted during April 1986 to the then Administrator of the Cape of Good Hope after a R10 million government loan was secured by the Municipality of Stellenbosch for the development of a first phase of such a park.
The application to the Administrator was followed by a thorough impact study and investigation with regard to appropriate development parameters.
The zoning of the land was approved during June 1987 and a development plan was completed thereafter. Construction commenced during early 1987 and was completed during the same year. A number of high-tech companies in Techno Park are spin-offs from research and development undertaken by Stellenbosch University, but Techno Park has developed over the past few years and now features many offices and businesses alike.

## Major companies located in the park

* Adept Internet
* Capitec Bank
* Compuscan
* Garmin
* Protea Hotel
* Reutech Radar Systems
* Workshack
* Moonstone Business School of Excellence
# Cribl.io

Cribl.io is an American company developing a data platform for information technology and security operations teams. Their core function revolves around simplifying and managing the massive amount of data generated by various software systems within an organization. Founded in 2018 by Clint Sharp, Ledion Bitincka, and Dritan Bitincka, the company is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Its mascot is a goat named Ian. In October 2022, Splunk filed a lawsuit against Cribl, alleging that the company based its business on stolen intellectual property.

## History

Cribl.io was established in San Francisco, California, in July 2018 by Clint Sharp, Ledion Bitincka, and Dritan Bitincka.
In February 2019, the company secured $4 million in seed funding; by October of the same year, it launched Cribl Stream 2.0. Cribl completed its Series A funding round in April 2020, securing $7.4 million, and its Series B funding round in October 2020, raising $35 million, led by Sequoia Capital. That same year, it launched Cribl.Cloud for onboarding data to SaaS logging tools, metric databases, and cloud data warehouses.
The company was listed among The Information 50 Most Promising Startups in 2020.
Cribl.io launched AppScope, an Apache-licensed, open-source, black-box instrumentation technology, in April 2021. The company's Series C funding of $200 million in August 2021 was led by Greylock Partners and Redpoint Ventures, joined by new investor IVP, with participation from Sequoia, CRV, and Citi Ventures.
In May 2022 Cribl secured $150M in Series D funding led by Tiger Global Management and joined by existing investors IVP, CRV, Redpoint Ventures, Sequoia, and Greylock. This round brought total funding to $400 million.
In October 2022, Splunk, an American technology company, filed a lawsuit against Cribl.io, alleging that the company based its business on stolen intellectual property. Cribl released a public statement denying Splunk's allegations. CrowdStrike introduced CrowdStream in cooperation with Cribl.
In October 2023, Cribl.io became the fourth-fastest infrastructure company to reach centaur status ($100 million annual recurring revenue).
# Trobar leu

The trobar leu (Occitan pronunciation:), or light style of poetry, was the most popular style used by the troubadours. Its accessibility gave it a wide audience.
# Hisham Al-Saedni

Hisham Al Saedni (Arabic: هشام السعيدني), also known by the nom de guerre Abu Walid al-Maqdisi, was a Palestinian military activist and a Muslim leader and founding member of the Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem in the Gaza Strip and he was also leader of al-Tawhid wa al-Jihad, a branch of al-Qaeda in Gaza.

## Early life

Al-Saedni was born around 1965 in Cairo, and according to other sources in Bureij in Gaza Strip and his family moved to Egypt when he was two years old. in He lived in Egypt and Jordan. He fought for Al Qaeda in Iraq. Egypt wanted to arrest him due to his alleged involvement in attacks against Egypt's tourist sites.

## Militant activities

On 5 February 2011, Al-Saedni, then also known as Sheikh 'Ahed Ahmad 'Abd Al-Karim Al-Sa'idani, was the leader of a Gazan jihadist group calling itself Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, and posted a fatwa stating that Jews and Christians may be targeted in lethal attacks such as those of 9/11 because they are "aggressive combatants" and "fundamentally not innocent". The fatwa also stated that it is not permissible to refrain from such attacks for fear of hurting Muslims, "because this would mean stopping the jihad".
Al-Saedni tried to unite all the different groups of Salafi jihadists in Gaza to form and lead the Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem.
On 2 March 2011, Hamas authorities in Gaza arrested Al-Saedni for his involvement with the earlier jihad operations of al-Tawhid wal-Jihad allegedly related to the Salafist jihadist movement. During his detention, in April 2011, Al-Saedni's supporters from al-Tawhid wal-Jihad kidnapped the Italian pro-Palestinian activist Vittorio Arrigoni and later killed him. He was released in August 2012, but was killed in an Israeli airstrike two months later.

## Death

Hisham Al-Saedni was killed on 13 October 2012 by an Israeli Air Force strike together with Ashraf Al-Sabah who was also a Salafist. The attack occurred on a busy street in the Jabalia district of Gaza City. Israel said it was responding to an earlier rocket attack on southern Israel.
# Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)

Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
It consisted of the Reichtagspräsident, Erster Stellvertreter (First Deputy President), Zweiter Stellvertreter (Second Deputy President) and Dritter Stellvertreter (Third Deputy President)

## 1. Legislative Session (1933)

Presidium elected on March 12, 1933
* President
* Hermann Göring
* First Deputy President
* Thomas Eßer
* Second Deputy President
* Walther Graef
* Third Deputy President
* Ernst Emil Zörner

## 2. Legislative Session (1933–1936)

Presidium elected on December 12, 1933
* President
* Hermann Göring
* First Deputy President
* Hanns Kerrl
* Second Deputy President
* Hermann Esser
* Third Deputy President
* Emil Georg von Stauß

## 3. Legislative Session (1936–1939)

Presidium elected on January 30, 1937
* President
* Hermann Göring
* First Deputy President
* Hanns Kerrl
* Second Deputy President
* Hermann Esser
* Third Deputy President
* Emil Georg von Stauß

## 4. Legislative Session (1939–1945)

Presidum elected on January 30, 1939
| President | |
| Hermann Göring | |
| First Deputy President | Notes |
| Hanns Kerrl | Died on December 15, 1941 |
| Second Deputy President | |
| Hermann Esser | |
| Third Deputy President | Notes |
| Emil Georg von Stauß | Died on December 11, 1942 |

## Sources

* 1 2 3 Fuchs, Konrad: Kerrl, Hans in Neue Deutsche Biographie
# Qaisar Bagh

Qaisarbagh (Hindi: क़ैसरबाग़, Urdu: قيصر باغ, pronounced, Emperor's Garden), also spelled Qaiserbagh, Kaisarbagh or Kaiserbagh, is a palace complex in the city of Lucknow, located in the Awadh region of India. It was built by Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856), the last Nawab of Awadh.
During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it was used as a stronghold of Begum Hazrat Mahal the Begum of Awadh, who played a leading role in the uprising.
The campaigning Irish journalist William Howard Russell wrote a classic account of the looting of the Qaisar Bagh in 1858 by drunken British troops in the course of the Great Uprising/Indian Mutiny. A kiosk from the Qaisar Bagh gardens was sent to England as a tribute for Queen Victoria and now stands in the Frogmore Gardens at Windsor Castle.
Though a major part of the palace was destroyed by British soldiers and lies in ruins, currently it is a major tourist spot of Lucknow.
| Qaisarbagh, Lucknow, c.1866 | William Howard Russell the London Times correspondent witnesses British soldiers looting Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, after its recapture in 1858 |
# P. V. Shajikumar

P. V. Shajikumar is a Malayalam author, screenplay writer and software engineer. He has won Kendra Sahitya Akademi's Yuva Award and Kerala Sahitya Akademi's Geeta Hiranyan Award.

## Biography

He married Maneesha Narayan. He ventured into writing during his college day and published his first short story collection ‘Janam’ at the age of 23. He wrote the screenplay for Kanyaka Talkies, based on his short story 18+, along with Ranjini Krishnan and K. R. Manoj The movie was screened at numerous film festivals and won award for the Best Screenplay at 14th Annual New York Indian Film Festival and the International Critics Prize (FIPRESCI Prize) for Best Malayalam Film at the 18th International Film Festival of Kerala. Forbes India magazine selected it as one among the five must watch Indian movies in 2014.

## Screenwriter

| Title | Year | Co-writers | Notes |
| Kanyaka Talkies | 2013 | Ranjini Krishnan, K. R. Manoj | The Best Screenplay at 14th Annual New York Indian Film Festival Selected for the competition section at the 15th edition of the Mumbai International Film Festival Selected as the opening film at the 44th International Film Festival of India Won FIPRESCI Award for The Best Malayalam Film at the International Film Festival of Kerala Selected by Forbes India magazine as one of the five must watch Indian movies in 2014 |
| Take Off | 2017 | Mahesh Narayan | |
| Puthan Panam | 2017 | Written by Ranjith, dialogues by P. V. Shajikumar | |
| The Teacher | 2022 | Vivek | Directed by Vivek |
# Barroselas

Barroselas is a former civil parish in the municipality of Viana do Castelo, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Barroselas e Carvoeiro. On the 2001 census, Barroselas had a total population of 3,799. The total area is 7.47 km$^2$ which gives a population density of 508,6 inhabitants/km$^2$.

## SWR Fest

The area hosts the annual heavy metal festival SWR Barroselas Metalfest (aka Steel Warriors Rebellion or simply SWR Fest) which began in 1998.

## Notable People

* João Queirós, footballer
# South Carolina Highway 254

South Carolina Highway 254 (SC 254) is a 8.230-mile-long (13.245 km) state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Greenwood and Cokesbury.

## Route description

SC 254 begins at an intersection with SC 72 Business (SC 72 Bus.; Grace Street/Reynolds Avenue) just west of Lander University, in Greenwood, the county seat of Greenwood County. It travels to the north and immediately curves to the north-northwest. It has an intersection with U.S. Route 25 (US 25), US 178, and SC 72 and a crossing of Rocky Creek just before leaving the city limits. The highway passes by Greenwood High School and Pinecrest Elementary School. About 1,500 feet (460 m) later, it crosses Turner Branch. Just before crossing Coronaca Creek, the highway begins to curve to the northwest. It passes Cokesbury Hills Golf Club just before entering Cokesbury at Parker Road. There, it intersects SC 246. At the intersection with Mt. Ariel Road and Ridge Road, it leaves Cokesbury. Approximately 2,000 feet (610 m) later, it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 25.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Greenwood County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Greenwood | 0.000 | 0.000 | SC 72 Bus. (Grace Street/Reynolds Avenue) – Abbeville, Laurens, Clinton | Southern terminus |
| Greenwood | 1.300 | 2.092 | US 25 / US 178 / SC 72 – Saluda, Greenville, Abbeville | |
| Cokesbury | 7.020 | 11.298 | SC 246 – Hodges | |
| ​ | 8.230 | 13.245 | US 25 – Hodges, Ware Shoals | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Ave Maria, WAB 5

Ave Maria (Hail Mary), WAB 5, is a setting of the Latin prayer Ave Maria by Anton Bruckner.

## History

Bruckner composed this motet on 24 July 1856, five years before his more famous motet, as a present for the name-day of Ignaz Traumihler, choirmaster of St. Florian Abbey. The first performance occurred on 7 October 1856 for the Rosenkranzfest (Feast of the Holy Rosary) in Sankt Florian.
The original manuscript is lost, but the score dedicated to Traumihler is stored in the archive of the St. Florian Abbey. Copies are also stored in the Kremsmünster Abbey and the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. The motet was edited first by Johann Groß, Innsbruck in 1893. It is put in volume XXI/19 of the Gesamtausgabe.

## Music

The 52-bar long motet in F major is scored SATB choir and S and A soloists, organ and cello (continuo). It begins in Andante with a fugato. The fugato is ending on bar 8 with the by Haas so-called Marien-Kadenz (cadence on the word "Maria"), which Bruckner will recall in the first movement of the Study Symphony in F minor and in the Adagio of the later Symphony No. 3. On the next bar the alto soloist is singing "gratia plena" and on bar 13 the soprano soloist is going on with "benedicta tu". On bars 18-22 the score is slowing down to Adagio, during which the choir is singing three times "Jesus". Bruckner will repeat this three times "Jesus" in his next two settings of the Ave Maria. The second part of the motet is sung by the choir (bars 23-52). The score, which goes back to Andante, begins with "Sancta Maria", sung in canon and ends with the beginning motif.

## Selected discography

The first recording of Bruckner's Ave Maria (WAB 5) was by Hubert Gunther with the Rheinische Singgemeinschaft in c. 1976 (LP: Garnet G 40 107). Farnberger's recording with the St. Florianer Sängerknaben, which was recorded in the St. Florian Abbey, provides the listener with a whiff of authenticity.
A selection of the about 10 recordings:
* Martin Flämig, Dresdner Kreuzchor, Ave Maria – Anton Bruckner: Geistliche Chöre-Motets – CD: Capriccio 10 081, 1985
* Joseph Pancik, Prager Kammerchor, Anton Bruckner: Motetten / Choral-Messe – CD: Orfeo C 327 951 A, 1993
* Sigvards Klava, Latvian Radio Choir, Musica Sacra – CD: Campion Records RRCD 1341, 1996
* Franz Farnberger, St. Florianer Sängerknaben, Anton Bruckner in St. Florian – Requiem & Motetten CD: Studio SM D2639 SM 44, 1997
* Dan-Olof Stenlund, Malmö Kammarkör, Bruckner: Ausgewählte Werke - CD: Malmö Kammarkör MKKCD 051, 2004
* Petr Fiala, Czech Philharmonic Choir, Anton Bruckner: Motets - CD: MDG 322 1422-2, 2006
* Erwin Ortner, Arnold Schoenberg Chor, Anton Bruckner: Tantum ergo - CD: ASC Edition 3, issue of the choir, 2008

### Note

The recordings are mostly performed without cello. The score of the soloists is sometimes sung by the mating voices of choir.
# Wax jack

A wax jack (wax-jack, taper-jack) is a device used to hold a taper of sealing wax intended to create sealings on documents.
The wax jack was first introduced in 1700. Before that time a simple taper was used in a loose ball. Despite the resemblance to a candle, they were not used for illumination. Although common in England and Europe, they were not used much in North America.
Most early wax jacks were worked by silversmiths, although later models also exist in other metals such as iron, brass or bell metal.

## Description

A wax jack was a vertical or horizontal shaft around which a thin beeswax taper was coiled. The top end protruded through a hole in a pan that had a pincer to hold the taper in place. This allowed the taper to be lit and the resulting puddle of wax easily controlled. Some models, called "bougie boxes," had a pierced enclosure around the shaft to protect the taper. They were often used when travelling, and to protect the taper from mice. Others included a snuffer.
# C'est la vie (1990 film)

C'est la vie (French: La Baule-les-Pins) is a semi-autobiographical 1990 French drama written and directed by Diane Kurys. Like Peppermint Soda, Cocktail Molotov, and Entre Nous the plot revisits the theme of divorce and its effects. Set in the French beach resort of La Baule-les-Pins in the summer of 1958, it is mainly narrated in voice-over from the thirteen-year-old Frédérique's diary.

## Plot

For their summer holiday in 1958, Frédérique aged 13 and her sister Sophie aged 8 go to the station with their mother Léna and nanny Odette. Their father Michel has decided to stay in Lyon and look after his business while the rest of the family go to La Baule-les-Pins, where they will meet up with the girls' uncle Léon, aunt Bella, and cousins.
As they get in the train, Léna says she will follow later, since she has to go to Paris. When she does turn up, she behaves mysteriously and it becomes apparent that she has a lover in tow. Léon and Bella reluctantly accept him, though he is young, jobless, and living in a tent. He leaves to go and stay with a friend in New York, after begging Léna to get a divorce and join him.
She decides to go to Paris and find a job, for which she buys a car. Back at La Baule-les-Pins, Michel turns up and is horrified to find his wife gone and children abandoned. When Léna returns in her car, he smashes it up and the two then have a battle in front of Odette and the terrified girls, only ending when Frédérique threatens to kill herself with a shard of broken glass.
Michel moves out to a rented room and tries to reconcile with the family. Sophie is still young enough to be daddy's girl, but Frédérique has seen too much to trust him again, while Léna is adamant that she has left him forever.

## Cast

* Nathalie Baye as Léna Korski
* Richard Berry as Michel Korski
* Zabou as Bella Mandel, sister of Léna
* Jean-Pierre Bacri as Léon Mandel, husband of Bella
* Vincent Lindon as Jean-Claude, lover of Léna
* Valeria Bruni Tedeschi as Odette, the nanny
* Julie Bataille as Frédérique, elder daughter of Léna et Michel
* Candice Lefranc as Sophie, her sister
* Alexis Derlon as Daniel, eldest son of Bella and Léon
* Emmanuelle Boidron as Suzanne, youngest daughter of Bella and Léon
* Maxime Boidron as René, third child of Bella and Léon
* Benjamin Sack as Titi, youngest son of Bella and Léon
# Kaibarta

Kaibarta or Kaivarta may refer to:
* Kewat or Keot, a caste of northern India
* Kevatta Sutta, Buddhist scripture of Pali canon
* Haliya or Cāsi Kaivarta, a Bengali Hindu agriculturist caste, majority later identified as Mahishya
* Jalia Kaibarta, a Hindu fishing caste
* Kaivarta revolt, 1170 rebellion in medieval India
# Olivier lo Templier

Olivier lo Templier (Occitan:; fl. 1269) was a Knight Templar and troubadour probably from Catalonia. He appears as lo templier En'Olivier in one chansonnier, in which is preserved his only known work, Estat aurai lonc temps en pessamen ("I have been worrying for a long time"). He may be identical with Ramon Oliver who appears as commander of the Templar house of Gardeny near Lleida in 1295. He should not be confused with another troubadour Templar, Ricaut Bonomel, whose style was very different and who wrote from the Holy Land.
Olivier's canso de crozada (crusade song) can be dated precisely because of its reference to the Crusader fleet which left Barcelona with King James I of Aragon at its head in 1269. Olivier wrote the song to James, of whom he was hearty supporter, and the barons of Catalonia praising their courage even after they were forced to abort their expedition. His goal was to convince James to set out once again to recover the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Linda Paterson translates lines 17–24:
Olivier's Catalan identity can only be posited on the internal evidence of his canso, the last line of which mentions the lord of Gelida, Guerau de Cervelló, with whom Olivier may have had links. There is also evidence of Catalanism in his declension, but this may be attributable to the copyist(s) and not Olivier. His affection for James, too, cannot be taken as evidence of Catalan identity in and of itself.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 Martín de Riquer. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos (Barcelona: Planeta, 1975), vol 3, no. 309.
* ↑ Linda Paterson (2016), "Troubadour Responses to the Reconquista", Romance Philology, 70(1), 181–201. doi:10.1484/j.rph.5.110365
# List of presidents of the House of Deputies of Prussia

Presidents of the Prussian House of Deputies
| Name | Period |
| Wilhelm Grabow | 1849 1862-1866 |
| Max von Forckenbeck | 1866–1873 |
| Rudolf von Bennigsen | 1873–1879 |
| Georg von Köller | 1879–1897 |
| Jordan von Kröchen | 1898–1911 |
| Hermann von Erffa | 1912 |
| Hans von Schwerin-Löwitz | 1913–1918 |

## Sources

* Pöls, Werner: Grabow, Wilhelm in Neue Deutsche Biographie
* Nordisk Familjebok
* Herzfeld, Hans: Bennigsen, Karl Wilhelm Rudolf von in Neue Deutsche Biographie
* Biographische Handbuch für den Preußische Abgeordnetenhaus 1867-1918 (Edited by Bernhard Mann, assisted by Martin Doerry, Cornelia Rauh and Thomas Kühne), Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-7700-5146-7
# Indium perchlorate

Indium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula In(ClO$_4$)$_3$. The compound is an indium salt of perchloric acid.

## Synthesis

Dissolving indium hydroxide in perchloric acid:
       In(OH)$_3$ + 3HClO$_4$ → In(ClO$_4$)$_3$ + 3H$_2$O

## Physical properties

Indium(III) perchlorate forms colorless crystals. It is soluble in water and ethanol.
The compound forms a hydrate In(ClO$_4$)$_3$ • 8H$_2$O, that melts in its own crystallization water at 80 °C.
The octahydrate is easily soluble in ethanol and acetic acid.