# Commercial (First)

The Commercial (First) functional constituency (Chinese: 商界（第一）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. The constituency is composed of corporate members of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC) that are entitled to vote at general meetings of the Chamber.
It is one of the oldest functional constituencies created for the first elections to the Legislative Council in 1985. Prior to that, the Chamber had its representatives in the council thoroughly through elections at the general meetings since 1884. It corresponds to the Commercial (First) Subsector in the Election Committee.

## History

The Commercial (First) functional constituency was established as First Commercial, one of the two commercial electoral divisions elected by the chambers of commerce. It was one of the original 12 functional constituency seats created for the 1985 Legislative Council election, the first ever election for the colonial legislature. It was composed of bodies that are members of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC) entitled to vote at general meetings of the chamber. Prior to that, the Chamber had its representatives in the council thoroughly through elections at the general meetings since 1884. The representatives are listed as following:
* 1884–1985 Chamber Legislative Council representatives
* Thomas Jackson (1884–1887)
* A. MacConachie (1884)
* A. P. MacEwen (1886)
* A. P. MacEwen (1887–1890)
* B. Layton (1888)
* T. H. Whitehead (1890–1902)
* H. Smith (1900)
* J. Thurburn (1900)
* R. G. Shewan (1902)
* R. G. Shewan (1902–1906)
* H. E. Pollock (1903)
* E. A. Hewett (1906–1915)
* M. Stewart (1908 & 1912)
* J. W. C. Bonnar (1912)
* P. H. Holyoak (1915–1926)
* S. H. Dodwell (1917)
* E. V. D. Parr (1919)
* A. O. Lang (1921)
* D. G. M. Bernard (1926)
* J. Owen Hughes (1927–1931)
* B. D. F. Beith (1929)
* C. G. S. Mackie (1931–1935)
* W. H. Bell (1932)
* W. H. Bell (1935–1936)
* A. W. Hughes (1936–1937)
* M. T. Johnson (1937–1938)
* A. L. Shields (1938–1944)
* J. K. Bousfield (1939)
* R. D. Gillespie (1946–1948)
* C. C. Roberts (1948)
* P. S. Cassidy (1948–1953)
* C. Blaker (1949)
* H. J. Collar (1953)
* C. Blaker (1953–1958)
* J. A. Blackwood (1954 & 1955)
* J. D. Clague (1956)
* J. D. Clague (1958–1960)
* G. M. Goldsack (1960–1961)
* W. C. G. Knowles (1961–1964)
* J. Dickson Leach (1963)
* G. R. Ross (1964–1968)
* J. Dickson Leach (1965)
* M. A. R. Herries (1967)
* M. A. R. Herries (1968)
* G. R. Ross (1968)
* M. A. R. Herries (1969)
* G. M. B. Salmon (1969)
* G. R. Ross (1969)
* G. M. B. Salmon (1970–1972)
* G. R. Ross
* J. D. Clague
* T. K. Ann
* P. G. Williams (1972–1974)
* Sidney Gordon
* J. D. Clague
* G. R. Ross
* T. K. Ann
* P. G. Williams (1975–1976)
* Sidney Gordon
* J. D. Clague
* G. R. Ross
* T. K. Ann
* Sidney Gordon (1977–1978)
* T. K. Ann
* J. H. Bremridge
* P. G. Williams
* Lydia Dunn
* D. K. Newbigging (1978–1980)
* Sidney Gordon
* J. H. Bremridge
* M. G. R. Sandberg
* Allen Lee
* M. G. R. Sandberg (1983–1985)
* D. K. Newbigging
* Allen Lee
* W. C. L. Brown
* Lydia Dunn
* Stephen Cheong
Since its creation, it has been held by pro-business conservatives for the exception of former government official Jimmy McGregor, a liberal-leaning representative who defeated Veronica Wu of the conservative bloc Group of 88 in the 1988 Legislative Council election and held the office from 1988 to 1995. He co-founded the pro-democracy professional-oriented Hong Kong Democratic Foundation (HKDF) and was an ally of the last governor Chris Patten over the controversial constitutional reform proposal.
From 1998 to 2004, the seat was held by pro-business Liberal Party chairman and Executive Councillor James Tien until he contested in the direct election in the 2004 Legislative Council election. Tien's successor Jeffrey Lam who has held the seat since 2004 abruptly quit the Liberal Party in 2008 in the intra-party split. He became representative for the Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA) and has become member of the Executive Council.

## Return members

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1985 | Thomas Clydesdale | Nonpartisan |
| | 1988 | Jimmy McGregor | Nonpartisan |
| | 1991 | Jimmy McGregor | HKDF |
| | 1995 | Paul Cheng | Independent |
| Not represented in the PLC ||||
| | 1998 | James Tien | Liberal |
| | 2000 | James Tien | Liberal |
| | 2004 | Jeffrey Lam | Liberal |
| | 2008 | Jeffrey Lam | Liberal→Independent→Economic Synergy |
| | 2012 | Jeffrey Lam | Economic Synergy→BPA |
| | 2016 | Jeffrey Lam | BPA |
| | 2021 | Jeffrey Lam | BPA |

## Electoral results
### 2020s

2021 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BPA | Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung | 628 | 86.15 |
| | Nonpartisan | Edmond Yew Yat-ming | 101 | 13.85 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 527 | 72.30 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 729 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 15 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 744 | 72.94 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,041 | |
| | BPA hold | BPA hold | Swing | |

### 2010s

2016 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BPA | Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung | 455 | 53.97 |
| | Liberal | Joseph Chan Ho-lim | 388 | 46.03 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 67 | 7.94 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 843 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 18 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 861 | 82.39 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,086 | |
| | BPA hold | BPA hold | Swing | |
2012 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Economic Synergy | Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 927 | | |
| | Economic Synergy hold | Economic Synergy hold | Swing | | |

### 2000s

2008 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung | 465 | 70.24 |
| | Independent | Markus Joytak Shaw | 197 | 29.76 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 268 | 40.48 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 662 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 32 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 694 | 66.73 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,040 | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | |
2004 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,077 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | | |
2000 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | James Tien Pei-chun | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,325 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | | |

### 1990s

1998 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | James Tien Pei-chun | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,353 | | |
| | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) |
1995 Legislative Council election: Commercial (First) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Paul Cheng Ming-fun | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,273 | | |
| | Independent gain from HKDF | Independent gain from HKDF | Swing | | |
1991 Legislative Council election: First Commercial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | HKDF | James David McGregor | 487 | 53.93 |
| | BPF | Paul Cheng Ming-fun | 416 | 46.07 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 71 | 7.86 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 903 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 911 | 56.62 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,609 | |
| | HKDF hold | HKDF hold | Swing | |

### 1980s

1988 Legislative Council election: First Commercial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | James David McGregor | 478 | 66.95 |
| | Nonpartisan | Veronica Wu Shao-ching | 236 | 33.05 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 242 | 33.90 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 714 | 100.00 |
| | Nonpartisan hold | Nonpartisan hold | Swing | |
1985 Legislative Council election: First Commercial :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Thomas Clydesdale | 470 | 59.49 | |
| | Nonpartisan | A. C. William Blaauw | 320 | 40.51 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 150 | 18.98 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 790 | 100.00 | |
| | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) |