OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franz Hillenkamp

Franz Hillenkamp (March 18, 1936 – August 22, 2014) was a German scientist known for his development of the laser microprobe mass analyzer and, with Michael Karas, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI).

## Early life and education

Franz Hillenkamp was born in 1936 in Essen, Germany. He attended high school in Lünen, graduating in 1955. He received a M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Purdue University in 1961. He received a Ph.D. (Dr.-Ing.) from the Technische Universität München in 1966 with a thesis entitled “An Absolutely Calibrated Calorimeter for the Measurement of Pulsed Laser Radiation.”

## Academic career

Hillenkamp was a professor at Goethe University Frankfurt in Frankfurt from 1982 to 1986. In 1986, he became a professor on the Medical Faculty of the University of Münster where he remained until his retirement in 2001.

## Laser microprobe

In 1973, Hillenkamp developed a high performance laser microprobe mass spectrometer with a spatial resolution of 0.5 μm and sub-attogram limit of detection for lithium atoms. This instrument was commercialized as the LAMMA 500 and was one of the first laser desorption mass spectrometers to be used for mass spectrometry imaging of tissue. The later LAMMA 1000 was also based on a Hillenkamp design.

## MALDI

In 1985, Hillenkamp and his colleague Michael Karas used a LAMMA 1000 mass spectrometer to demonstrate the technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). MALDI is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry, allowing the analysis of large biopolymers. Although Karas and Hillenkamp were the first to discover MALDI, Japanese engineer Koichi Tanaka was the first to use a similar method in 1988 to ionize proteins and shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for that work. Karas and Hillenkamp reported MALDI of proteins a few months later. The MALDI method of Karas and Hillenkamp subsequently became the much more widely used method.

## Awards

In 1997, Hillenkamp and Karas were awarded the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry award for their discovery of MALDI. Hillenkamp and Karas received the Karl Heinz Beckurts Award, Germany's most important award for outstanding promotion of the partnership between science and industry, in 2003. Hillenkamp received the Thomson Medal from the International Mass Spectrometry Foundation in 2003.
SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics created a postdoctoral fellowship in honor of Franz Hillenkamp. The SPIE-Franz Hillenkamp Postdoctoral Fellowship in Problem-Driven Biomedical Optics and Analytics offers an annual grant of US $75,000. This fellowship aims to facilitate the translation of cutting-edge biomedical optics and biophotonics technologies into practical applications within clinical settings, ultimately contributing to advancements in human healthcare.
# Roland Borsa

Roland Borsa (Hungarian:; Romanian: Roland Borșa; c. 1250 - died 1301) was voivode of Transylvania for 3 periods in the late 13th century. He was known for battling the Mongol invasions and, later, for rebelling against King Charles I's attempts to control his territory.

## Origins

According to the earliest written sources, the Borsa family was originated from Barsa village (now Barsa is part of modern Füzesgyarmat). They received their first Transylvanian estate only in the early 13th century.
Roland Borsa was the member of a noble family, originally from the valley of the Borșa River (today in Cluj County, Romania), a tributary of the Someșul Mic river. A branch of the family was established in Bihor in the 12th century, and maintained close ties with the Transylvanian branch.

## First period of rule (1282)

Initially a supporter of the centralization policies of László IV, King of Hungary, Borsa was named voivod of Transylvania in the spring of 1282. In July and August he participated in the royal campaign against the Aba tribe, then distinguished himself with a decisive role in the victory over Cuman rebels. Despite this success, however, a series of royal concessions to the aristocracy forced Roland to resign his voivodship in favor of Apor Péc.

## Second period of rule (1284-1285)

Returning to the voivodship in 1284, Roland Borsa found himself faced with Mongol invasions. In the winter of 1285, he attempted to stem the invasion with a campaign in which the Transylvanians distinguished themselves through their valor on the battlefield. To assist in governing his new territories, he named a vice-voivod from the Transylvanian branch of the family, László Borsa of Szentmártón. Following a conflict with King László IV at the end of 1285, Roland Borsa was again stripped of his power.

## Reorganization of the voivodship and final period of rule

Roland Borsa was at the nadir of his fortunes when the Transylvanian voivodship began to reorganize along "congregational" lines, shifting de facto power to a group of landed nobles. When the first congregation of nobles met in 1285 near Turda, Roland Borsa had lost his Transylvanian lands and proved unable either to exercise any influence over the other nobles or to play an important role in governing the province. Nonetheless, as sentiment against László took a firmer hold on the nobility, he returned to power for a final time in 1288. Along with his brother, he organized the assassination of the King by Cuman mercenaries at Körösszeg in Bihor County in 1290. This action, along with his ill-concealed ambitions for Transylvania, led him into direct conflict with the last scion of the House of Árpád, András III. Defeated by royal forces in the Civil War of 1294, he was dismissed as voivod, but somehow managed to avoid the confiscation of his now-extensive lands. He died far from the corridors of power in 1301.

## Footnotes

* ↑ János Karácsonyi: Magyar nemzetségek. (Hungarian noble families), the article about Borsa family. URL:
# Cermis

Cermis (Alpe Cermis in italian) is a mountain of the Lagorai group in eastern Trentino, Italy in the comune of Cavalese.
Part of the Val di Fiemme-Obereggen, it is famous for its ski slopes.
It was the scene of major disasters involving the aerial tramway style cable car system on the mountain: the Cavalese cable car disaster in 1976, and the Cavalese cable car massacre in 1998; the latter occurred when a U.S. military plane, while flying too low against regulations, cut a cable supporting a gondola of an aerial tramway, killing 20 people. The two cable car runs of the system involved in those incidents have since been replaced by three consecutive multi-cabin gondola lifts. The arrival site of the first chair lift, from where the second starts, may be also reached by road.

## Sports
### Tour de Ski

The Alpe Cermis is climbed annually as the final stage in the Tour de Ski. The Final Climb stage up the alpine skiing course has been the final stage every year since the first Tour de Ski in 2006–07. The stage held as a mass start in 2020.

### Final Climb stage winners

Men :
| Year | Name | Nation | Time |
| 2007 | Sergey Shiryayev | Russia | 32:07.8 |
| 2008 | René Sommerfeldt | Germany | 32:59.0 |
| 2009 | Ivan Babikov | Canada | 33:51.2 |
| 2010 | Lukáš Bauer | Czech Republic | 33:43.4 |
| 2011 | Lukáš Bauer | Czech Republic | 30:28.3 |
| 2012 | Alexander Legkov | Russia | 30:38.2 |
| 2013 | Marcus Hellner | Sweden | 29:59.6 |
| 2014 | Chris André Jespersen | Norway | 31:58.8 |
| 2015 | Roland Clara | Italy | 29:13.0 |
| 2016 | Martin Johnsrud Sundby | Norway | 30:47.0 |
| 2017 | Maurice Manificat | France | 29:20.0 |
| 2018 | Martin Johnsrud Sundby | Norway | 28:36.4 |
| 2019 | Sjur Røthe | Norway | 30:32.0 |
| 2020 | Simen Hegstad Krüger | Norway | 30:55.8 |
| 2021 | Denis Spitsov | Russia | 32:41.0 |
| 2022 | Sjur Røthe | Norway | 31:42.1 |
| 2023 | Simen Hegstad Krüger | Norway | 31:20.4 |
| 2024 | Jules Lapierre | France | 33:00.7 |
| 2025 | Simen Hegstad Krüger | Norway | 32:39.6 |
Ladies :
| Year | Name | Nation | Time |
| 2007 | Kateřina Neumannová | Czech Republic | 34:24.5 |
| 2008 | Valentina Shevchenko | Ukraine | 34:06.2 |
| 2009 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 35:07.7 |
| 2010 | Kristin Størmer Steira | Norway | 35:49.8 |
| 2011 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 33:14.4 |
| 2012 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 34:17.7 |
| 2013 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 34:12.4 |
| 2014 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 34:19.8 |
| 2015 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 32:16.4 |
| 2016 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 33:14.8 |
| 2017 | Heidi Weng | Norway | 33:34.3 |
| 2018 | Heidi Weng | Norway | 32:11.5 |
| 2019 | Ingvild Flugstad Østberg | Norway | 35:15.0 |
| 2020 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 34:21.6 |
| 2021 | Ebba Andersson | Sweden | 36:45.6 |
| 2022 | Heidi Weng | Norway | 35:41.2 |
| 2023 | Delphine Claudel | France | 36:35.4 |
| 2024 | Sophia Laukli | USA | 38:16.5 |
| 2025 | Therese Johaug | Norway | 35:59.0 |
# Permal Group

Permal Group is a British investment management firm focused on hedge funds and private equity funds products for international investors.
Permal was founded in 1973 and operates one of the oldest fund of hedge funds and as of 2013, manages approximately $22 billion in assets. Clients include sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, endowments, foundations, insurance companies, family offices, private banks and high-net-worth individuals.
Its CEO is Omar Kodmani and its Chairman is Isaac R. Souede. Permal is headquartered in London, with offices in New York, Boston, Singapore, Paris, Nassau, Dubai, Hong Kong, and Beijing.

## History

The company was founded in 1973.
In 2005, Permal was acquired by Legg Mason in an $800 million transaction and operates as a subsidiary of that company.
In 2013, Permal acquired Fauchier Partners, a leading European based manager of funds of hedge funds, from BNP Paribas Investment Partners.
In 2016, the Permal Group subsidiary merged with EnTrust Capital to increase assets. After the merger the firm became EnTrustPermal, rebranding to EnTrust Global in 2019. In 2020 Gregg Hymowitz, the founder of EnTrust Capital, bought back Legg Mason's share of EnTrust Global, making it an independent private company.

## Investment funds

Permal offers a range of multi-manager, multi-strategy funds as well as single manager funds and customized separate accounts. The firm's flagship product, Permal Investment Holding, was launched in 1992 and is a global multi-strategy fund of hedge funds, managed by Robert Kaplan. The fund aims to capture two thirds of the upside during a bull market and seeks to limit its downside to one third of a comparable index during the bear market.
Permal also operates as a private equity fund of funds and secondary investment firm through its subsidiary, Permal Capital Management.
In 2016, Legg Mason merged its Permal Group subsidiary with EnTrust Capital to increase assets managed by its hedge funds-of-funds business to $26 billion. After the merge the company became known as EnTrustPermal, and later re-branded to EnTrust Global in 2019. In 2020, Gregg Hymowitz, founder of EnTrust Capital, bought back the Legg Mason share of EnTrust, creating EnTrust Global, a private, independent company.
# Bear Cub Fountain

The Bear Cub Fountain (Polish: Fontanna Niedźwiadek, German: Bärenbrunnen) is a reconstruction of a pre-war fountain, located by the southern wall of the Old Town Hall in Wrocław, Poland.
The original bronze fountain was made by Ernst Moritz Geyger in 1902. On August 17, 1904, it was placed by the City Hall in a small stone pool, into which water from the bear's mouth was flowing. During World War II the statue was lost. The reconstruction of the statue was initiated by Maciej Łagiewski and the Wrocław Shooting Fraternity. The sculpture, which weighs 270 kg and is 1.5 m high, was reconstructed by Ryszard Zamorski to resemble the original, and the fountain by the Town Hall was unveiled on 18 June 1998. The bronze cast was made by the Gliwice Plant of Technical Devices with funds from Wrocław Centrozlot and Wrocław Piast Brewery.

## Sources

* Encyklopedia Wrocławia. Ausgabe 3, Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław 2006
* Die öffentlichen Denkmäler und Brunnen Breslaus. Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn Verlag, Breslau 1938
# Social care in Scotland

Social care in Scotland encompasses social work; care home services in the community for adults, children and young people; and services for young children, including nurseries and after-school care clubs.

## National Care Service

The National Care Service (Scotland) Bill was published in June 2022. It would allow Scottish Ministers to transfer social care responsibility from local authorities to a new, national service.

## Workforce

As of 2016 there are approximately 203,200 people employed within social services in the country.

## Older people

A community building project, Older People for Older People, resulted in a film being made in 2010 about how older people's skills were used in Ardersier to assist other older people.

## Criminal justice

There is no probation service in Scotland. The equivalent function is carried out by criminal justice social workers, who are part of local authorities' social work departments. Criminal justice social workers follow the same entry procedure as other social workers.

## Housing

The University of Stirling, Housing Options Scotland and Horizon Housing Association conducted a study of allocations and lettings practice for accessible and adapted social housing in 2018. They found that most of the 28 disabled home-seekers in their study received inappropriate housing offers, or no offers at all.
# Unfried, Washington

Unfried is a ghost town in Garfield County, in the U.S. state of Washington.
A post office called Unfried was established in 1910, and remained in operation until 1917. The community bears the name of an early postmaster.
# Anne Baker (biographer)

Anne Baker MBE (née Salmond; born 14 May 1914) is a British writer of historical biographies, fundraiser and supercentenarian.

## Biography

Baker was born Anne Salmond just before the outbreak of World War I, the daughter of Sir Geoffrey Salmond who later became the professional head of the Royal Air Force. She was educated at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, and lived with her father and mother in both Egypt and India. She married Valentine Baker (1910–1979) and has five children. She lives in Salisbury and turned 100 in May 2014. Baker received a merit award from the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) at the charity's Salisbury fundraising branch on 28 April 2017 for more than 50 years of volunteer work. In July 2019, she was reportedly still fundraising at the age of 105.
Baker was awarded an MBE in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to the NSPCC. In May 2024, she turned 110. She was deemed the oldest person in Wiltshire.

## Works

* Morning Star (1972), The life of Florence Baker, wife of the explorer Sir Samuel Baker
* Wings over Kabul: The First Airlift (1975), Account of the Kabul Airlift, co-written with Sir Ronald Ivelaw-Chapman
* A Question of Honour (1996), The Fall and Rise of Colonel Valentine Baker
* From Biplane to Spitfire: The Life of Air Chief Marshal Sir Geoffrey Salmond (2003)
# Give Me One More Chance

"Give Me One More Chance" is a song written by J.P. Pennington and Sonny LeMaire, and recorded by American country music group Exile. It was released in July 1984 as the first single from the album Kentucky Hearts. The song was Exile's third number one country hit. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of fifteen weeks on the country chart.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1984) | Position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 46 |
# Lajos Kürthy

Lajos Kürthy (Hungarian pronunciation:; born 22 October 1986) is a Hungarian shot putter. He was successful as a junior athlete, specializing in the discus throw. He later shifted to the shot put. His personal best is 20.32 metres, achieved in June 2008 in Pécs.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Hungary ||||||
| 2003 | World Youth Championships | Sherbrooke, Canada | 10th | Shot put (5 kg) | 18.40 m |
| 2003 | World Youth Championships | Sherbrooke, Canada | 4th | Discus (1.5 kg) | 59.69 m |
| 2004 | World Junior Championships | Grosseto, Italy | 18th (q) | Shot put (6 kg) | 18.05 m |
| 2004 | World Junior Championships | Grosseto, Italy | 12th | Discus (1.75 kg) | 52.15 m |
| 2005 | European Junior Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 2nd | Shot put (6 kg) | 19.65 m |
| 2005 | European Junior Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 2nd | Discus (1.75 kg) | 59.75 m |
| 2007 | European U23 Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 5th | Shot put | 18.87 m |
| 2007 | European U23 Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 9th | Discus | 53.92 m |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 35th (q) | Shot put | 17.56 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 22nd (q) | Shot put | 19.64 m |
| 2010 | European Cup Winter Throwing | Arles, France | 3rd | Shot put | 20.07 m |
| 2011 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 18th (q) | Shot put | 18.75 m |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 13th (q) | Shot put | 20.02 m |
| 2012 | World Indoor Championship | Istanbul, Turkey | 14th (q) | Shot put | 19.62 m |
| 2012 | European Athletics Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 9th (f) | Shot put | 19.55 m |
# 2024 Cuiabá Esporte Clube season

The 2024 season is the 25th season in the history of the Cuiabá Esporte Clube. In addition to Série A, the team participated in the Copa do Brasil.

## Competitions
### Overall record

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Série A | 14 April 2024 | December 2024 | Matchday 1 | | 37 | 6 | 12 | 19 | 28 | 47 | −19 | 016.22 |
| Campeonato Matogrossense | 20 January 2024 | 6 April 2024 | 1st Round | Winners | 13 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 11 | +16 | 069.23 |
| Copa do Brasil | 22 February 2024 | 23 May 2024 | Second round | Third round | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 050.00 |
| Copa Sudamericana | 4 April 2024 | | Group stage | Knockout Round Play-off | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 6 | +5 | 037.50 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | 62 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 71 | 66 | +5 | 032.26 |
Last updated: 7 July 2024 Source: Soccerway

### Série A
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 16 | Red Bull Bragantino | 38 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 44 | 48 | −4 | 44 | |
| 17 | Athletico Paranaense (R) | 38 | 11 | 9 | 18 | 40 | 46 | −6 | 42 | Relegation to Campeonato Brasileiro Série B |
| 18 | Criciúma (R) | 38 | 9 | 11 | 18 | 42 | 61 | −19 | 38 | Relegation to Campeonato Brasileiro Série B |
| 19 | Atlético Goianiense (R) | 38 | 7 | 9 | 22 | 29 | 58 | −29 | 30 | Relegation to Campeonato Brasileiro Série B |
| 20 | Cuiabá (R) | 38 | 6 | 12 | 20 | 29 | 49 | −20 | 30 | Relegation to Campeonato Brasileiro Série B |

#### Results summary

| Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away |
Last updated: 26 June 2024. Source:

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Ground | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A |
| Result | L | D | L | L | L | W | L | L | W | W | D | D |
| Position | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Matches

The match schedule was released on 29 February.

### Copa Sudamericana
#### Group stage
#### Knockout round play-offs
## Statistics
### Goalscorers

| Position | Players | Série A | Campeonato Matogrossense | Copa do Brasil | Copa Sudamericana | Total |
| FW | Isidro Pitta | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 14 |
| FW | Deyverson | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| MF | Clayson | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| MF | Fernando Sobral | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| DF | Ramon | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| FW | Jonathan Cafú | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| MF | Max | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
# Loch Clair

Loch Clair (Loch of the level place) is a small remote shallow low-altitude freshwater loch, located within the Coulin Forest, some three miles to the south-west of Kinlochewe in Wester Ross. Loch Clair is the lower of two lochs in the same valley and is aligned on a southeast-northwest bearing. The other loch is Loch Coulin which is fed by the River Coulin, the waters of which in turn flow out of Loch Coulin through a short unnamed river into Loch Clair. A small lochan, Loch Bharranch, is located a mile to the west and drains into the western end of Loch Clair through an unnamed burn.
Loch Clair is drained by another river, A' Ghairbhe, which flows in a roughly north-east direction to Kinlochewe, where it joins the Abhainn Bruachaig to form the Kinlochewe River.
Loch Clair can be reached by the A896 road, which runs from Kinlochewe to Torridon, Shieldaig and beyond.

## Geography

Loch Clair is bounded to the north by a mountain massif in the Torridon area that contains the highest peak of Beinn Eighe, which is within Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve. The imposing peak of Liathach at 1024 metres is the most prominent peak that is visible from Loch Clair. To the west, the loch is bounded by a series of low hills, the highest two being Creag Dhubh at 384 metres and Sgùrr Dubh at 782 metres. To the east is open peatland in an area consisting of small hills, burns and peat bogs. To the south is a continuation of the mountainous Coulin Forest, with Meall and Leathaid Mhòir at an altitude of 512 metres.

## Fishing

Loch Clair is an excellent fishing location for trout that weigh 10 to 12 ounces. Ideal trout flies for the loch include Soldier Palmer, Greenwell's Glory and Silver Butcher.

## Walking

Loch Clair is the location of an almost level hiking route that follows the north coast of the loch, before making a circular walk around Loch Coulin and is about 9.64 km long.

## Gallery

* Loch Clair and Sgurr Dubh
* Another view of Loch Clair and Sgurr Dubh
* Loch Clair viewed from the north
* Loch Clair With Liathach forming the backdrop.
# Act of Providence

Act of Providence is a supernatural detective novella by Joseph Payne Brennan and Donald M. Grant. It was first published in 1979 by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in an edition of 1,450 copies of which 350 were signed by the authors and the artist.

## Plot introduction

The novella features Brennan's supernatural detective Lucius Leffing and is set during the first World Fantasy Convention in Providence, Rhode Island in 1975.