OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Connecticut Route 201

Route 201 is a state highway in southeastern Connecticut, running in an inverted "L" pattern from Stonington to Griswold.

## Route description

Route 201 begins at an intersection with Route 184 in northwestern Stonington and heads north into North Stonington. In North Stonington, it continues northeast and north, overlapping Route 2 before continuing north into Griswold. In Griswold, it continues north before turning west past Hopeville Pond. It then intersects I-395 before continuing to end at an intersection with Route 12 in the Jewett City section of Griswold.

## History

Route 201 was commissioned in 1934 from an unsigned state road (old SR 663) between Route 165 and Route 138 in Griswold. As part of the 1962 Route Reclassification Act, Route 201 was extended south to Route 2 and north to Jewett City (at Route 12). By 1963, it was extended further south to Route 184 in Stonington, absorbing most of former Route 119 in the process.

## Junction list

The entire route is in New London County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Stonington | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 184 – Old Mystic, Clarks Falls | Southern terminus |
| North Stonington | 4.13 | 6.65 | Route 2 east – Pawcatuck, Stonington | Southern end of Route 2 concurrency |
| North Stonington | 4.91 | 7.90 | Route 2 west – Norwich, Hartford | Northern end of Route 2 concurrency |
| Griswold | 12.08 | 19.44 | Route 165 – Norwich, Voluntown | |
| Griswold | 14.31 | 23.03 | Route 138 – Jewett City, Voluntown | |
| Griswold | 18.14 | 29.19 | I-395 – Norwich, Worcester, MA | Exit 22 on I-395; former Route 52 |
| Griswold | 20.10 | 32.35 | Route 12 – Plainfield, Lisbon | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||
# Cupriavidus nantongensis

Cupriavidus nantongensis is a Gram-negative, chlorpyrifos-degrading and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Cupriavidus which has been isolated from sludge from Nantong in China.
# Brahmashirastra

The Brahmashirastra (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मशिरास्त्र, romanized: Brahmaśirāstra) or Brahmashira Namaka Astra is the most destructive weapon, or Astra, described in the ancient Indian texts, capable of ending the existence of gods or devas. Thought to be superior to the Brahmastra, the Brahmashirastra causes chain reactions of massive explosions and waves to annihilate any desired entity of the universe or even the universe itself. The weapon manifests with the four heads of Brahma as its tip. Agnivesha, Parashurama, Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Ashwatthama and Arjuna possessed the knowledge to invoke this weapon. This weapon can be invoked into any object, even to a blade of grass.
In the Mahabharata, it is explained that when this weapon is invoked, "It blazes up with terrible flames within a huge sphere of fire. Numerous peals of thunder to be heard, fissures start on earth, rivers become dry, thousands of meteors fell, and all living creatures became terrified with great dread. The entire sky seemed to be filled with noise and assumed a terrible aspect with flames of fire. The whole earth with her mountains and waters and trees trembled". When it strikes an area, it will be destroyed and nothing will ever grow there, not even a blade of grass for the next 50 Brahma years (155.5 trillion human years).
Its true power is the ability to remove someone's existence from the past, present, and future. Upon being fired, the arrow will immediately annihilate their existence, and because if something never existed and will never exist, it is impossible to imagine that entity in any facet or form.
# Pixel binning

Pixel binning, also known as binning, is a process image sensors of digital cameras use to combine adjacent pixels throughout an image, by summing or averaging their values, during or after readout. It improves low-light performance while still allowing for highly detailed photographs in good light.

## History

Normally, an increase in megapixel count on a constant image sensor size would lead to a sacrifice of the surface size of the individual pixels, which would result in each pixel being able to catch less light in the same time, thus leading to a darker and/or noisier image in low light (given the same exposure time).
In the past, camera manufacturers had to compromise between low-light performance and the amount of detail in good light, by dropping the megapixel count like HTC did in 2013 with their four-megapixel "UltraPixel" camera. However, this results in less detailed images in daylight where enough light is available.
With pixel binning, the camera has "the best of both worlds", meaning both the benefit of high detail in good light and the benefit of high brightness in low light. In low light, the surfaces of four or more pixels can act as one large pixel that catches far more light. For example, some smartphones such as the Samsung Galaxy A15 are able to capture photographs with up to fifty megapixels in daylight. However, in low light, the individual pixels would be too small to capture the light needed for a bright image with the short exposure time available for handheld shooting. Therefore, with pixel binning activated, the 50-megapixel image sensor acts as a 12.5-megapixel image sensor, a quarter of its original resolution, with an accordingly larger surface area per pixel.

## How it works

Charge from adjacent pixels in CCD image sensors and some other image sensors can be combined during readout, increasing the line rate or frame rate.
In the context of image processing, binning is the procedure of combining clusters of adjacent pixels, throughout an image, into single pixels. For example, in 2x2 binning, an array of 4 pixels becomes a single larger pixel, reducing the number of pixels to 1/4 and halving the image resolution in each dimension. The result can be the sum, average, median, minimum, or maximum value of the cluster. Some systems use more advanced algorithms such as considering the values of nearby pixels, edge detection, self-claimed "AI" etc to increase the perceived visual quality of the final downsized image.
This aggregation, although associated with loss of information, reduces the amount of data to be processed, facilitating analysis. The binned image has lower resolution, but the relative noise level in each pixel is generally reduced.
# Nebraska Highway 11

Nebraska Highway 11 (N-11) is a state highway in central and northern Nebraska, United States. Its southern terminus is at Interstate 80 (I-80) south of Wood River. Its northern terminus is at the South Dakota border north of Butte. The highway goes through the eastern portion of the Sand Hills.

## Route description

N-11 begins at Exit 300 of I-80, which is also the exit for NE Spur 40D. It goes north through farmland into Wood River, where it crosses over U.S. Route 30 in Nebraska (US 30) without an interchange. Access to US 30 is available via Link 40G 0.5 miles (0.8 km) to the north. It continues north through Cairo, then meets Nebraska Highway 58. The two highways run concurrent, heading northeast to Dannebrog, where they separate. N-11 proceeds north to Elba, then turns northwest on an alignment that parallels the North Loup River. It passes through Ord and Burwell, then turns north after passing Nebraska Highway 91. N-11 continues north into areas of prairie and meets U.S. Route 20 in Atkinson. N-11 goes north into farmland some more, briefly goes east, then turns north to go through Butte, where it meets Nebraska Highway 12 (N-12). After a brief concurrency with N-12, N-11 turns north and goes into South Dakota, where the road continues as South Dakota Highway 43.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Hall | ​ | 0.00 | 0.00 | S-40D south | Road continues south as Spur 40D |
| Hall | ​ | 0.14 | 0.23 | I-80 | |
| Hall | Wood River | 5.13 | 8.26 | L-40G to US 30 | Provides access to US 30 |
| Hall | Cairo | 17.51 | 28.18 | N-2 | |
| Howard | ​ | 22.70 | 36.53 | N-58 north (3rd Avenue) | Southern end of NE-58 concurrency |
| Howard | Dannebrog | 27.75 | 44.66 | N-58 south (Roger Welsch Avenue West) | Northern end of NE-58 concurrency |
| Howard | ​ | 34.68 | 55.81 | N-92 (3rd Avenue) | |
| Greeley | Scotia | 54.65 | 87.95 | N-22 east | Southern end of NE-22 concurrency |
| Valley | North Loup | 56.68 | 91.22 | N-22 west | Northern end of NE-22 concurrency |
| Valley | Ord | 70.45 | 113.38 | N-70 east (North 14th Street) | Southern end of NE-70 concurrency |
| Valley | Ord | 71.31 | 114.76 | N-70 west | Northern end of NE-70 concurrency |
| Garfield | Burwell | 86.51 | 139.22 | N-91 west | Southern end of NE-91 concurrency |
| Garfield | Burwell | 88.50 | 142.43 | N-91 east | Northern end of NE-91 concurrency |
| Holt | Amelia | 120.32 | 193.64 | N-95 east | |
| Holt | Atkinson | 143.18 | 230.43 | US 20 east | Southern end of US 20 concurrency |
| Holt | Atkinson | 143.69 | 231.25 | US 20 west (East 5th Street) | Northern end of US 20 concurrency |
| Boyd | Butte | 176.12 | 283.44 | N-12 west | Southern end of NE-12 concurrency |
| Boyd | Butte | 177.12 | 285.05 | N-12 east / Lewis and Clark Trail | Northern end of NE-12 concurrency |
| Boyd | ​ | 183.66 | 295.57 | SD 43 north / Lewis and Clark Trail | Continuation into South Dakota |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# VLF Transmitter Woodside

Woodside Omega Transmitter near Woodside, Victoria, Australia, was a transmission tower that was completed in 1982 and demolished in 2015. Until its demolition, it was the tallest object in the Southern Hemisphere.

## History

In 1977, The United States and Australian governments agreed to establish an OMEGA navigation system in south-eastern Australia. The agreement was extended in 1995, to 30 September 1997.
Station G was an Omega transmitter that used an umbrella antenna carried by a 432 metres (1,417 ft) tall grounded lattice steel guyed mast. Unlike many of the other Omega Transmitters, Woodside was not a "hot tower," that is, one which is insulated from a ground connection by large ceramic insulators that support the entire weight of the structure. Rather, the tower was electrically insulated from the topmost guys which served as the radiators, similar to the metal radials of an umbrella without cloth covering. The mast simply supported the downward sloping guy wires which are the active elements. The guy wires were also used to hold the tower itself in place. This mast was the tallest structure in the southern hemisphere. Construction of this station was originally planned to be built in New Zealand but after protests from anti-war protestors it was built in Australia, although not without controversy. The tower was officially opened in October 1982, but had been operating for 3 months prior to that, with the first broadcast at 10am on the 16th of August, having taken 3.5 years to construct, however the tower itself having taken only 30 days to be constructed.
After the shutdown of the OMEGA navigation system on 30 September 1997, the station was used as a transmitter for uni-directional communications to submarines on 13 kHz under the callsign VL3DEF until 2004. Until December 2008, it had been transmitting a 100 baud MSK modulated signal on 18.6 kHz.

## Current status

The station was decommissioned in November 2008. Aircraft warning lights continued to operate on each of the 10 43m platforms, although some of the lights had stopped working.
On 25 January 2014, a BASE jumper was killed during an attempt to parachute from the tower. It was demolished by explosives on 22 April 2015.
Transmission equipment from the Omega navigation system is now on display at the Port Albert Maritime Museum.
# Aelius Antipater

Aelius Antipater or Antipater of Hierapolis (Ancient Greek: Αἴλιος Ἀντίπατρος; fl. AD 200) was a Greek sophist and rhetorician.
He was a son of Zeuxidemus, and a pupil of Adrianus, Pollux, and Zeno. In his orations, both extempore and written, some of which are mentioned by Philostratus, Antipater was not superior to his contemporaries, but in the art of writing letters he is said to have excelled all others, and for this reason the emperor Severus made him his private secretary and tutor (ab epistulis) of his two sons Caracalla and Geta. He was promoted to the consular rank in his early 50s by Septimius Severus, who sent him to govern Bithynia and Pontus. Yet, since Antipater used his sword too freely, he was deprived of his office. As Philostratus reports, Antipater then retired to his native place, where he died at the age of 68 of voluntary starvation.
His nomen is derived from the Aelia gens, which would indicate that an ancestor of his had received Roman citizenship while Trajan or Hadrian was emperor (since Aelius was their family name). He also wrote a lost biography of Severus.
# Dowdeswell

Dowdeswell is a civil parish in the ward of Chedworth, Cotswold, in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, England. It is separated into Upper and Lower Dowdeswell, the former being south of the latter. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 134.
About 7.1 km (4.4 mi) to the northwest is Cheltenham, and 19 km (12 mi) to the west is Gloucester. In 2001, it had a population of 185.
The Church of Saint Michael and All Saints is a Grade I listed building.

## Environment

Northwest of Lower Dowdeswell, there is Dowdeswell Woods. Immediately south of these woods is Dowdeswell Reservoir. Both are managed as nature reserves through the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust (formerly named Gloucestershire Trust for Nature Conservation). On the opposite hillside to Dowdeswell Woods lies Lineover Wood which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and is on the steep face of the Cotswold scarp. The Cotswold Way runs at the edge of Dowdeswell Woods, crosses the A40 and runs through Lineover Wood. The nature reserve of Arle Grove lies in the parish of Dowdeswell.

## Railways

In 1891, Dowdeswell was the name given to a station in the nearby village of Andoversford on the Midland and South Western Junction Railway; the name was to avoid confusion with Andoversford station on the Great Western Railway's Cheltenham to Banbury line. The name of Dowdeswell station was changed to Andoversford and Dowdeswell in 1892. The station closed to passengers in 1927 after the GWR had taken over the M&SWJR; however, it remained open for goods traffic until 1962.
# Connecticut Route 302

Route 302 is a state highway in western Connecticut running from Bethel to Newtown.

## Route description

Route 302 begins at an intersection with Route 53 in Bethel center and heads generally east across the town to Newtown, intersecting the northern end of Route 58 during its path. In Newtown, it heads southeast and northeast to end at an intersection with Route 25 in the borough of Newtown.
The section of Route 302 in Newtown is designated the Second Company Governor’s Horse Guard Memorial Highway.

## History

In the 1920s, the road connecting Bethel center and Newtown borough was designated as State Highway 161 between Bethel and the Newtown Turnpike (modern Key Rock Road), and as part of State Highway 158 (the designation for the Newtown Turnpike) the rest of the way to Newtown borough. In the 1932 state highway renumbering, Route 34, a continuous New Haven to Danbury route, was established. The original Route 34 continued west beyond the current western end of modern Route 34 by overlapping with US 6 into Newtown borough, then using modern Route 302 to Bethel and modern Route 53 to downtown Danbury.
In 1935, a new U.S. Route, US 202, was established in Connecticut. The new US 202 went between Danbury and Newtown via Bethel along part of modern Route 53 and the entire length of modern Route 302. Route 34 was cut back to end in the village of Sandy Hook as it does today. On May 1, 1974, US 202 was relocated to a completely new alignment in northwestern Connecticut. The Bethel to Newtown segment of old US 202 was redesignated as Route 302. The Danbury to Bethel segment was assigned as a northward extension of Route 53.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Fairfield County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Community of Bethel | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 53 (Grassy Plain Street) | Western terminus |
| Town of Bethel | 1.72 | 2.77 | Route 58 south – Redding Ridge | Northern terminus of Route 58 |
| Borough of Newtown | 7.96 | 12.81 | Route 25 (Main Street) | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Abou Yehiya

Mahmoud Barry, war name Abou Yehiya, is a Malian jihadist and second-in-command of Katiba Macina. Since 2022 he has been the spokesperson of Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin.

## Biography

Barry was born in 1979 in Koro, Mali. He is the father of eight children and was an imam in Senou, near Bamako. He is a Fulani.
On May 18, 2016, Barry appeared in the first video released by Katiba Macina, an Ansar Dine-affiliated group in Mopti Region. He likely planned and participated in the battle of Nara in June 2016 and the Nampala attack in July 2016. During the Nampala attack, he served as the military commander of Fulani rebel group ANSIPRJ.
Yehiya was arrested by Malian security services on July 26, 2016, a week after the Nampala attack, in the Wagadou forest between Nampala and Dogofry.
In October 2020, Yehiya and several other Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin(JNIM) were released in exchange for four hostages, including Soumaïla Cissé and Sophie Pétronin. Back in JNIM, he joined the group's shura and became second-in-command of Katiba Macina under Amadou Koufa. Yehiya appeared in a July 2022 video by JNIM announcing the group's intention to launch attacks on the state capital Bamako. He announced his intentions to bring Mali under Sharia law, and claimed that Katiba members were operating around Bamako.
Since July 2022, Yehiya has been the spokesperson of JNIM.
# Nandaka

Nandaka (Sanskrit: नन्दक, lit. 'source of joy') or Nandaki is the sword of the Hindu god Vishnu. Nandaka is generally depicted in images where Vishnu is represented with more than his usual four arms. The sword is compared to knowledge in Hindu scriptures.
In Sri Vaishnavism (a major Vaishnava tradition), the saints Annamacharya and Peyalvar are considered to be the avatars of Nandaka.

## Legend

According to the Agni Purana, the creator-god Brahma was performing a sacrifice on Mount Meru. The hundred-armed asura Loha obstructed the same. Vishnu manifested before Brahma from the sacrificial fire. Vishnu seized the sword called Nandaka from the asura and unsheathed it. The sword is described as blue-hued with a gem-studded handle. Wielding his mace, the asura drove several heavenly beings from the mountain. Vishnu slew the asura with the sword; the severed parts of the asura's body fell on earth and turned into iron due to their contact with Nandaka. Vishnu blessed the asura that his fallen body-parts will be employed for the manufacture of weapons on earth.

## Literature

Vishnu is usually depicted as four-armed with the four attributes in his hands: the shankha (conch), the Sudarshana Chakra, the padma (lotus) and the Kaumodaki gada (mace). In eight- or sixteen-armed depictions of the deity, he may be shown holding a sword. The sword appears very rarely in the depictions of Vishnu. It appears in Vishnu iconography as late as the Gupta era (320–550).
Nandaka is mentioned as the sword of Vishnu's avatar Rama in the Hindu epic Ramayana. The Harivamsa as well as the Brihatbrahma Samhita prescribe that the sword be shown in Vishnu's four-armed images. The Sattvata Samhita recommends that it be shown in a right hand of a six-armed Vishnu and in a left hand in a ten-armed Vishnu. Vishnu's avatar Vamana is described to hold the Nandaka in his right hand in the Kalika Purana. An 11th-century image shows the sword tied to his belt.
The Vishnu Sahasranama, which lists the 1000 epithets of Vishnu, mentions Nandaka twice. In a mantra, Vishnu is praised as the holder of the shankha, Nandaka, and the chakra. The 994th name of Vishnu is "Nandaki", the one who wields the Nandaka.
In a rare depiction in the Sheshashayi Vishnu panel of the Gupta temple at Deogarh, Nandaka is depicted anthropomorphically as a young man holding a sword (see Ayudhapurusha). He is depicted leading the other personified weapons of Vishnu against the demons Madhu and Kaitabha. Nandaka is also depicted as an ayudhapurusha in the scene of Madhu and Kaitabha in the Mahishasuramardini mandapa, Mahabalipuram.

## Symbolism

The Vishnu Purana says that Nandaka, "the pure sword", represents jnana (knowledge), which is created from vidya (translated variously as wisdom, knowledge, science, learning, scholarship, philosophy), its sheath is avidya (ignorance or illusion). The Varaha Purana describes it as the destroyer of ignorance.
The Krishna Upanishad equates the sword to the destroyer god Shiva. It says that the 'Great God' (Maheshvara, an epithet of Shiva) takes the form of a flaming sword of knowledge, one that destroys ignorance.
# Rick Bennett (politician)

Richard A. Bennett (born May 24, 1963) is an American politician from the state of Maine. Bennett is the president and CEO of ValueEdge Advisors, a firm he founded in summer 2014 to help institutional investors engage with their portfolio companies. From 2006 to 2014 he was CEO of The Corporate Library and then chairman or vice chairman of GMI Ratings, its successor company, an independent research firm focusing on corporate governance, director/executive compensation, and forensic accounting. For six years, Bennett was included in the NACD Directorship's "100 most influential people" in the boardroom and corporate governance community.

## Biography

As a resident of Norway, Maine, Bennett was the president of the Maine Senate as the result of a unique power-sharing agreement between Republicans and Democrats predicated on an even split in state senators. The deal gave the presidency to both parties for one year each during each two-year senate term.
Bennett served four terms in the Maine Senate and two terms in the Maine House of Representatives. In 1994 was the Republican nominee for Congress in Maine's second district, losing to John Baldacci in a close race. On May 2, 2008, he was elected to a four-year term as Maine's Republican national committeeman.
In 2006, he considered running for Governor of Maine but decided to remain in the private sector instead. His name was widely circulated as a possible candidate for the Republican nomination for governor in 2010, but he ultimately decided against running. In November 2012, Bennett sought the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Olympia Snowe but was defeated by Maine Secretary of State Charlie Summers.
On July 20, 2013, Bennett was elected chairman of the Maine Republican Party, replacing former state representative Richard Cebra of Naples. In 2015, Bennett was unanimously re-elected as chairman of the Maine Republican Party. He was a Republican elector for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election for Maine's second congressional district.