# List of victims of Nazism

Part of a series on :
The Holocaust :
Jews on selection ramp at Auschwitz, May 1944 :
Responsibility
Nazi Germany
People
Major perpetrators
Adolf Hitler
Heinrich Himmler
Joseph Goebbels
Heinrich Müller
Reinhard Heydrich
Adolf Eichmann
Odilo Globocnik
Theodor Eicke
Richard Glücks
Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Rudolf Höss
Christian Wirth
Organizations
Nazi Party
Gestapo
Schutzstaffel (SS)
Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV)
Einsatzgruppen
Sturmabteilung (SA)
Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT)
Wehrmacht
Trawniki men
Collaborators during World War II
Nazi ideologues :
Early policies
Racial policy
Nazi eugenics
Nuremberg Laws
Haavara Agreement
Madagascar Plan
Forced euthanasia :
Victims
Jews
Romani people (Gypsies)
Poles
Soviet POWs
Slavs in Eastern Europe
Homosexuals
People with disabilities :
Ghettos
Będzin
Białystok
Budapest
Kaunas
Kraków
Łódź
Lublin
Lwów
Minsk
Riga
Sosnowiec
Warsaw
Vilnius
Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
List of selected ghettos :
Camps
Nazi extermination camps
Auschwitz II-Birkenau
Bełżec
Chełmno
Jasenovac
Majdanek
Sajmište
Sobibor
Treblinka
Nazi concentration camps
Auschwitz I
Bergen-Belsen
Bogdanovka
Buchenwald
Dachau
Dora
Gonars (Italy)
Gross-Rosen
Herzogenbusch
Janowska
Kaiserwald
Mauthausen-Gusen
Neuengamme
Rab
Ravensbrück
Sachsenhausen
Salaspils
Stutthof
Transnistria (Romania)
Theresienstadt
Uckermark
Warsaw
Transit and collection camps
Belgium
Breendonk
Mechelen
France
Gurs
Drancy
Italy
Bolzano
Netherlands
Amersfoort
Westerbork
Slovakia
Sereď
Divisions
SS-Totenkopfverbände
Concentration Camps Inspectorate
Politische Abteilung
Sanitätswesen
Extermination methods
Gas van
Gas chamber
Extermination through labour
Einsatzgruppen
Human medical experimentation :
Atrocities
Pogroms
Kristallnacht
Bucharest
Dorohoi
Iași
Izieu
Szczuczyn
Jedwabne
Plungė
Radziłów pogrom
Kaunas
Lviv (Lvov)
Marseille
Tykocin
Vel' d'Hiv
Wąsosz
Einsatzgruppen
Babi Yar
Bydgoszcz
Częstochowa
Kamianets-Podilskyi
Ninth Fort
Odessa
Piaśnica
Ponary
Rumbula
Erntefest
"Final Solution"
Wannsee Conference
Mogilev Conference
Operation "Reinhard"
Holocaust trains
Extermination camps
End of World War II
Wola massacre
Death marches :
Resistance
Auschwitz Protocols
Vrba–Wetzler report
Czesław Mordowicz
Jerzy Tabeau
Rudolf Vrba
Alfréd Wetzler
Bricha
Jewish partisans
Sonderkommando photographs
Witold Pilecki
Resistance movement in Auschwitz
Związek Organizacji Wojskowej
Witold's Report
Ghetto uprisings
Warsaw
Białystok
Łachwa
Częstochowa :
International responseJoint Declaration by Members of the United Nations
Auschwitz bombing debate
MS St. Louis
Nuremberg trials
Denazification :
Aftermath
Bricha
Displaced persons
Survivors
Central Committee of the Liberated Jews
Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany :
Lists
Holocaust survivors
Deportations of French Jews to death camps
Survivors of Sobibor
Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp
Victims of Nazism
Rescuers of Jews
Memorials and museums :
Resources
Bibliography
List of books about Nazi Germany
The Destruction of the European Jews
Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
Functionalism versus intentionalism :
Remembrance
Days of remembrance
Memorials and museums
Righteous Among the Nations :
vte :
This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, were murdered by the Nazi regime. It includes those murdered in the Holocaust, as well as individuals otherwise killed by the Nazis before and during World War II. Those killed in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the Nazi Party or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.
The list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.

## Performing arts

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Hana Brady | 1931–1944 | Czech | Portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story | Jewish | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
| René Blum | 1878–1942 | French | Founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo | Jewish | Murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Arthur Bergen | 1875–1943 | Austrian | Actor, director | Jewish | Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Egon Friedell | 1878–1938 | Austrian | Actor, cabaret performer | Jewish | Suicide to avoid arrest by Sturmabteilung |
| Eugen Burg | 1871–1944 | German | Film actor | Jewish | Died at an unknown concentration camp |
| Ernst Arndt | 1861-1942/3 | German | Actor | Jewish | Murdered in the gas chamber at Treblinka concentration camp |
| Maria Bard | 1900–1944 | German | Actress | political reasons | Suicide in Berlin for "political reasons" |
| Lea Deutsch | 1927–1943 | Croatian | Child actress | Jewish | Heart failure on route to the Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Max Ehrlich | 1892–1944 | German | Actor, screenwriter, director, best-selling author | Jewish | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Lisl Frank | 1911–1944 | Czech | Dancer, cabaret singer | Jewish | Forced death march from Auschwitz to Christianstadt |
| Kurt Gerron | 1897–1944 | German | Performer, actor, film director | Jewish | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Dora Gerson | 1899–1943 | German | Actress, cabaret singer | Jewish | Gassed at Auschwitz concentration camp |
| John Gottowt | 1881–1942 | Austro-Hungarian | Actor | Jewish | Murdered by SS in Wieliczka |
| Joachim Gottschalk | 1904–1941 | German | Actor | Jewish family | Suicide in Berlin to avoid arrest |
| Leslie Howard | 1893–1943 | British | Actor | Jewish | Airplane shot down by Luftwaffe |
| Georg John | 1879–1941 | German | Actor | Jewish | Łódź Ghetto |
| Salomon Meyer Kannewasser | 1916–1945 | Dutch | Jazz singer. Part of the duo 'Johnny & Jones' | Jewish | Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen |
| Paul Morgan | 1886–1938 | Austrian | Actor, cabaret performer | Jewish | Buchenwald concentration camp |
| Bernard Natan | 1886–1942 | Franco-Romanian | Film director, actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios | Jewish | Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Joseph Schmidt | 1904–1942 | Ukrainian | Singer, actor | Jewish | Heart attack in a Swiss refugee camp in Gyrenbad |
| Fritz Spira | 1881–1943 | Austrian | Film and stage actor | Jewish | Died at Ruma concentration camp in Vojvodina |
| Mathilde Sussin | 1876–1943 | Austrian | Actress | Jewish | Theresienstadt concentration camp |
| Arnold Siméon van Wesel | 1918–1945 | Dutch | Jazz singer. Part of the duo Johnny & Jones | Jewish | Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen |
| Miklós Vig | 1898–1944 | Hungarian | Singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary | Jewish | Shot in Budapest by members of the Arrow Cross |
| Karel Hašler | 1879–1941 | Czech | Songwriter-lyricist, film and theatre director, actor, dramatist and screenwriter | patriotic songs | Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp |
| Otto Wallburg | 1899–1944 | German | Actor and cabaret performer | Jewish | Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Witold Zacharewicz | 1914–1943 | Polish | Actor | aiding Jews | Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Max Zilzer | 1868–1943 | Hungarian-German | Actor | Jewish | Died under interrogation by the Gestapo |

## Literature and publishing

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Anne Frank | 1929–1945 | German / Dutch | author of a published diary | Jewish | typhus at Bergen-Belsen |
| Else Feldmann | 1884–1942 | Austrian | writer and journalist | Jewish | gas chamber at Sobibór |
| Egon Friedell | 1878–1938 | Austrian | writer and philosopher | Jewish | suicide to avoid deportation |
| Peter Hammerschlag | 1902–1942 | Austrian | writer and graphic artist | Jewish | died in detention, circumstances unclear, Auschwitz |
| Lidia Zamenhof | 1904–1942 | Polish | work for Esperanto movement, as well as translations of Baháʼí Faith writings | Jewish | gas chamber at Treblinka |
| Jura Soyfer | 1912–1939 | Austrian | journalist, writer | Jewish | typhus at Buchenwald |
| Itzhak Katzenelson | 1886–1944 | Belarusian | teacher, writer | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Petr Ginz | 1928–1944 | Czech | editor of Vedem | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Julius Fučík | 1903–1943 | Czech | resistance leader | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | hanged at Plötzensee Prison |
| Milena Jesenská | 1896–1944 | Czech | journalist | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | kidney failure at Ravensbrück concentration camp |
| Paul Kornfeld | 1889–1942 | Czech | writer | Jewish | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
| Karel Poláček | 1892–1944 | Czech | writer | Jewish | died in Gleiwitz concentration camp |
| Vladislav Vančura | 1891–1942 | Czech | writer, doctor | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range |
| Etty Hillesum | 1914–1943 | Dutch | writer, diary author | Jewish | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
| Helga Deen | 1925–1943 | Dutch | author of a published diary | Jewish | gas chamber at Sobibór |
| Jaap Nunes Vaz | 1906-1943 | Dutch | editor of Het Parool | Jewish | Sobibor |
| Hélène Berr | 1921–1945 | French | author of a published diary | Jewish | died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp |
| Jacques Decour | 1910–1942 | French | writer, resistance leader | French Resistance | executed by firing squad |
| Robert Desnos | 1900–1945 | French | poet, resistance fighter | French Resistance | typhoid few weeks after the liberation of Theresienstadt concentration camp |
| Benjamin Fondane | 1898–1944 | French | poet, literary critic | Jewish, French Resistance | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Régis Messac | 1893–1945 | French | writer | French Resistance | died at either the Groß-Rosen or Dora concentration camp |
| Walter Benjamin | 1892–1940 | German | literary critic and philosopher | Jewish | suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation |
| Felix Fechenbach | 1894–1933 | German | journalist and activist | Jewish | executed during the deportation to Dachau |
| Walter Hasenclever | 1890–1940 | German | expressionist writer | Jewish | suicide to avoid deportation |
| Jakob van Hoddis | 1887–1942 | German | writer | Jewish | gas chamber at Sobibór |
| Jochen Klepper | 1903–1942 | German | writer | Jewish family | suicide in Berlin |
| Erich Knauf | 1895–1944 | German | journalist, poet | making jokes about the Nazi regime | beheaded at Brandenburg-Görden Prison |
| Clementine Krämer | 1873–1942 | German | author, poet, social worker | Jewish | died at Theresienstadt |
| Adam Kuckhoff | 1887–1943 | German | writer, dramatist, Resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
| Erich Mühsam | 1878–1934 | German | writer, anarchist | Jewish | executed at Plötzensee Prison |
| Willi Münzenberg | 1889–1940 | German | publisher, politician | Communist | murdered at Oranienburg concentration camp |
| Friedrich Münzer | 1868–1942 | German | philologist | Jewish | enteritis at Theresienstadt |
| Carl von Ossietzky | 1889–1938 | German | journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner | exposing the clandestine German re-armament | tuberculosis |
| Erich Salomon | 1886–1944 | German | photojournalist | Jewish | died in detention, circumstances unclear |
| Libertas Schulze-Boysen | 1913–1942 | German | film critic, resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | executed at Plötzensee Prison |
| Miklós Radnóti | 1909–1944 | Hungarian | poet | Jewish | shot into a mass grave near Abda, Hungary |
| Antal Szerb | 1901–1945 | Hungarian | writer, literary scholar | Jewish | beaten to death in a concentration camp in Balf |
| Mordechai Gebirtig | 1877–1942 | Polish | Yiddish poet, musician and composer | Jewish | shot dead in the Krakow Ghetto |
| Bruno Schulz | 1892–1942 | Polish | writer | Jewish | shot dead in the ghetto at Drohobycz |
| Debora Vogel | 1902–1942 | Polish | poet, philosopher | Jewish | shot in the Lwów ghetto |
| Willi Schmid | 1893–1934 | German | music critic | mistaken identity | accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity |
| Martha Wertheimer | 1890–1942 | German | journalist | Jewish | a Kindertransport director, sent to Sobibor extermination camp |
| Elena Shirman | 1908–1942 | Russian | poet | Jewish | beaten to death in Rostov Oblast, Russia |
| Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger | 1924–1942 | Romanian | writer | Jewish | typhus at the Mikhailovska labor camp in rural Ukraine |
| David Vogel | 1891–1944 | Russian | Hebrew writer | Jewish | tuberculosis at a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp |
| Anton de Kom | 1898–1945 | Surinamese | author, human rights activist | Dutch resistance | died in detention, circumstances unclear, Neuengamme |
| Irène Némirovsky | 1903–1942 | Ukrainian-French | writer | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Else Ury | 1877–1943 | German | writer | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Renia Spiegel | 1924–1942 | Polish | author of a published diary | Jewish | shot dead in Przemyśl |

## Visual arts and design

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Friedl Dicker-Brandeis | 1896–1944 | Austrian | artist | Jewish | gas chamber in Auschwitz |
| Josef Čapek | 1887–1945 | Czech | painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | typhoid fever at Bergen-Belsen |
| Fiszel Zylberberg-Zber | 1909–1942 | Polish | Woodcuts artist and painter | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Frania Hart | 1896–1943 | Polish/French | painter | Jewish | unknown |
| Abraham Icek Tuschinski | 1886–1942 | Dutch | designer of the Tuschinski Theater | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Max Jacob | 1876–1944 | French | artist | Jewish | pneumonia at Drancy |
| Ernst Ludwig Kirchner | 1880–1938 | German | painter | German resistance to Nazism | suicide due to persecution, Davos |
| Julius Klinger | 1876–1942 | Austrian | artist/designer | Jewish |
| Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler | 1899–1940 | German | painter | Action T4 | Aktion T4 victim at Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre |
| Jacob Mącznik | 1905–1945 | Polish | painter | Jewish | slave labor at Ebensee division of Mauthausen |
| Samuel J. de Mesquita | 1868–1944 | Dutch | painter and designer | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Max van Dam | 1910–1943 | Dutch | painter | Jewish | died as one of the few inmates at Sobibor |
| Marianne Franken | 1884-1945 | Dutch | painter | Jewish | Bergen-Belsen |
| Mommie Schwarz | 1876-1942 | Dutch | painter | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Else Berg | 1877-1942 | Dutch | painter | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Martin Monnickendam | 1874-1943 | Dutch | painter | Jewish | suspicious circumstances prior to deportation |
| Felix Nussbaum | 1904–1944 | Austrian | painter | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Karl Pärsimägi | 1902–1942 | Estonian | painter | French Resistance | Auschwitz |
| Heinrich Rauchinger | 1858–1942 | Polish/Austrian | painter | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Jan Rubczak | 1884–1942 | Polish | painter, graphic artist | Polish intelligentsia | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Charlotte Salomon | 1917–1943 | German | painter | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Ljuba Monastirskaja | 1906–1941 | Latvian | textile artist | Jewish | killed at the Rumbula massacre |
| Otti Berger | 1898–1944 | Hungarian | textile artist | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Paul Guermonprez | 1908–1944 | Dutch | photographer, graphic artist | Dutch resistance | Shot by the SS near Bloemendaal |

## Music

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Pavel Haas | 1899–1944 | Czech | composer | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Heinz Alt | 1922–1945 | German | composer | Jewish | Dachau |
| Ernst Bachrich | 1892–1942 | Austrian | composer | ? | Majdanek/Lublin concentration camp |
| Al Bowlly | 1898–1941 | South African/British | vocalist | The Blitz | killed by a Luftwaffe parachute mine in London |
| Žiga Hirschler | 1894–1941 | Croatian | composer | Jewish | Jasenovac concentration camp |
| Rudolf Karel | 1880–1945 | Czech | composer | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | dysentery at Theresienstadt |
| Gideon Klein | 1919–1945 | Czech | composer | Jewish | killed during liquidation of Fürstengrube, a sub-camp of Auschwitz |
| Hans Krása | 1899–1944 | Czech (Bohemian) | composer | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Mario Finzi | 1913–1945 | Italian | pianist | Jewish | intestinal infection at Auschwitz shortly after liberation |
| Leon Jessel | 1871–1942 | German | composer | Jewish | torture by Gestapo, Berlin |
| Erwin Schulhoff | 1894–1942 | Czech | composer, jazz pianist | Jewish | tuberculosis at Wülzburg concentration camp |
| Viktor Ullmann | 1898–1944 | Czech | composer, pianist | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Karlrobert Kreiten | 1916–1943 | German | pianist | German resistance to Nazism | hanged at Plötzensee Prison |
| Alma Rosé | 1906–1944 | Austrian | violinist, conductor | Jewish | possibly poisoning, at Auschwitz |
| Józef Koffler | 1896–1944 | Polish | composer, teacher, columnist | Jewish | probably shot by Einsatzgruppen at Krosno |
| Leo Smit | 1900–1943 | Dutch | composer | Jewish | gas chamber at Sobibór |
| Marcel Tyberg | 1893–1944 | Austrian | composer, pianist, conductor | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Leone Sinigaglia | 1868–1944 | Italian | composer | Jewish | suffered a fatal heart attack at the moment of his arrest |
| Gershon Sirota | 1874–1943 | Polish | cantor, tenor | Jewish | killed in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
| Ilse Weber | 1903–1944 | Czech | composer, playwright | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |

## Humanities

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Mildred Harnack | 1902–1943 | American | literary historian, translator, resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | beheaded at Plötzensee Prison |
| Elise Richter | 1865–1943 | Austrian | Romance philology professor | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Simon Dubnow | 1860–1941 | Belarusian | historian, writer, activist | Jewish | killed at the Riga ghetto during the Rumbula massacre |
| Norbert Jokl | 1877–1942 | Czech | Albanologist | Jewish | Roßau (?) |
| Marc Bloch | 1886–1944 | French | historian, resistance leader | Jewish, French Resistance | tortured and shot by Gestapo at Saint-Didier-de-Formans |
| Valentin Feldman | 1909–1942 | French | philosopher, resistance leader | Jewish, French Resistance | executed by firing squad |
| Georges Politzer | 1902–1942 | French | philosopher, resistance leader | Jewish, French Resistance | executed by firing squad |
| Boris Vildé | 1908–1942 | French | ethnographer, resistance fighter | French Resistance | executed by firing squad |
| Avgust Pirjevec | 1887–1944 | Slovenian | literary historian | anti-Fascist activities of his children | Gusen |
| Walter Benjamin | 1892–1940 | German | philosopher | Jewish | suicide at Portbou to avoid deportation |
| Friedrich Münzer | 1868–1942 | German | classical scholar | Jewish | Theresienstadt |

## Mathematics

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Georg Alexander Pick | 1859–1942 | Austrian | Pick's theorem | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Emanuel Lodewijk Elte | 1881-1943 | Dutch | Gosset–Elte figures | Jewish | Sobibor |
| Jean Cavaillès | 1903–1944 | French | philosopher of science, resistance leader | French Resistance | executed by firing squad |
| Isaak Bacharach | 1854–1942 | German | Cayley-Bacharach Theorem | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Albert Lautman | 1908–1944 | French | mathematical philosopher, resistance leader | Jewish, French Resistance | executed by firing squad |
| Otto Blumenthal | 1876–1944 | German | Work in number theory, editor of Mathematische Annalen | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Felix Hausdorff | 1868–1942 | German | One of the founders of modern topology and contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis. | Jewish | suicide, Bonn |
| Friedrich Hartogs | 1874–1943 | German | Foundational work in several complex variables | Jewish | suicide, Großhesselohe |
| Robert Remak | 1888–1942 | German | Work in group theory, number theory, mathematical economics | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Adolf Lindenbaum | 1904–1941 | Polish | Work in set theory | Jewish | Ghetto Vilnius |
| Antoni Łomnicki | 1881–1941 | Polish | Polish mathematician | Polish intelligentsia | Massacre of Lwów |
| Stanisław Ruziewicz | 1889–1941 | Polish | Ruziewicz problem | Polish intelligentsia | Massacre of Lwów |
| Stanisław Saks | 1897–1942 | Polish | Work in measure theory | Jewish, Polish underground | murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw |
| Juliusz Schauder | 1899–1943 | Polish | Schauder fixed point theorem, Schauder basis | Jewish | executed by the Gestapo, Lviv |
| Włodzimierz Stożek | 1883–1941 | Polish | Polish mathematician | Polish intelligentsia | Massacre of Lwów |
| Alfred Tauber | 1866–1942 | Slovak | Tauberian theorems | ? | Theresienstadt |

## Natural sciences

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Ernst Cohen | 1869–1944 | Dutch | chemist, work on the allotropy of metals | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Elisabeth Wollman | 1888–1943 | French | microbiologist and physicist, work on bacteriophages and lysogeny | Jewish | Auschwitz (presumed gas chamber) |
| Eugène Wollman | 1883–1943 | French | microbiologist and physicist, work on bacteriophages and lysogeny | Jewish | Auschwitz (presumed gas chamber) |

## Medicine and psychology

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Karl Herxheimer | 1861-1942 | German | dermatologist, described Pick-Herxheimer disease and Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński | 1874–1941 | Polish | paediatrician, poet, translator | Polish intelligentsia | Massacre of Lwów |
| Antoni Cieszyński | 1882–1941 | Polish | physician, dentist, surgeon | Polish intelligentsia | Massacre of Lwów |
| Władysław Dobrzaniecki | 1897–1941 | Polish | physician, surgeon | Polish intelligentsia | Massacre of Lwów |
| Gisela Januszewska | 1867–1943 | Austrian | physician | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Janusz Korczak | 1878–1942 | Polish | pediatrician, educator, child welfare | Jewish | Treblinka |
| Adolf Reichwein | 1898–1944 | German | doctor, educator, politician | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Sabina Spielrein | 1885–1942 | Russian | physician, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst | Jewish | Massacre of Zmievskaya Balka |
| Elisabeth von Thadden | 1890–1944 | German | educator | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Martha Goldberg | 1873–1938 | German | social activist, doctor's assistant | Jewish | Kristallnacht |

## Law, business

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Klaus Bonhoeffer | 1901–1945 | German | jurist, resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin |
| Betsie ten Boom | 1885–1944 | Dutch | book keeper | Dutch resistance | Pernicious anemia, Ravensbrück |
| Casper ten Boom | 1859–1944 | Dutch | watchmaker | Dutch resistance | tuberculosis, mistreatment at Scheveningen Prison |
| Hans von Dohnányi | 1902–1945 | German | jurist, resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Sachsenhausen |
| Reinhold Frank | 1896–1945 | German | lawyer, member of 20 July Plot | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Martin Gauger | 1905–1941 | German | jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle | German resistance to Nazism | NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein |
| Maurice Halbwachs | 1877–1945 | French | sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of collective memory | French Resistance | Buchenwald |
| Franz Kaufmann | 1886–1944 | German | jurist | German resistance to Nazism | Sachsenhausen |
| Wilhelm Mautner | 1889–1944 | Austrian | economist | Jewish | Auschwitz concentration camp |
| Helmuth James Graf von Moltke | 1907–1945 | German | jurist, founder of the Kreisau Circle | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Alfred Müller | 1888–1945 | Croatian | entrepreneur | Jewish | Dachau |
| Leo Müller | 1894–1941 | Croatian | entrepreneur | Jewish | Jasenovac |
| Karl Sack | 1896–1945 | German | jurist, member of the 20 July plot | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Flossenbürg |
| Rüdiger Schleicher | 1895–1945 | German | resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin |
| Armin Schreiner | 1874–1941 | Croatian | industrialist | Jewish | Jasenovac |
| Kazimierz Prószyński | 1875–1945 | Polish | inventor | Polish intelligentsia | Mauthausen |
| Elisabeth de Rothschild | 1902–1945 | French | wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild | Jewish | Ravensbrück |
| Ludwik Maurycy Landau | 1902–1944 | Polish | economist | Polish resistance movement in World War II | executed, Warsaw |

## Theology, spirituality, religion

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Hedwig Jahnow | 1879-1944 | German | Old testament theologian | Jewish | malnutrition in Theresienstadt |
| Kaj Munk | 1898–1944 | Danish | theologian, playwright | Danish resistance movement | murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark |
| Lodewijk Sarlois | 1884-1942 | Dutch | Chief Rabbi of the Netherlands | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Dietrich Bonhoeffer | 1906–1945 | German | Lutheran pastor, theologian | German resistance to Nazism | Hanged with thin wire, Flossenbürg |
| Regina Jonas | 1902–1944 | German | first woman Rabbi | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Jochen Klepper | 1903–1942 | German | theologian, journalist | Jewish family | suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin |
| Friedrich Lorenz | 1897–1944 | German | priest, member of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Halle an der Saale (beheaded) |
| Paul Schneider | 1897–1939 | German | clergyman | German resistance to Nazism | lethal injection, Buchenwald |
| Edith Stein | 1891–1942 | German | Carmelite nun, Ph.D. in Philosophy, Catholic saint (born Jewish) | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Sándor Büchler | 1869–1944 | Hungarian | rabbi, historian | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Giovanni Fornasini | 1915–1944 | Italian | parish priest, MOVM, Servant of God | Italian resistance movement | shot by a member of the Waffen SS, Marzabotto |
| Avraham Yitzchak Bloch | 1891–1941 | Lithuanian | Chief Rabbi, rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva | Jewish | murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz |
| Elchonon Wasserman | 1875–1941 | Lithuanian | rabbi, rosh yeshiva | Jewish | Kovno |
| Riccardo Pacifici | 1904–1943 | Italian | rabbi | Jewish | gas chamber at Auschwitz |
| Azriel Rabinowitz | 1905–1941 | Lithuanian | rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva | Jewish | murdered in a massacre of the male population of Telz |
| Maximilian Kolbe | 1894–1941 | Polish | friar, Catholic saint | Polish resistance movement in World War II | lethal injection after voluntarily taking place of another prisoner, Auschwitz |
| Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski | 1913–1945 | Polish | priest | Polish resistance movement in World War II | Dachau |
| Karl Ernst Krafft | 1900–1945 | Swiss | astrologer, occultist | crackdown on astrologers, faith healers and occultists following Rudolf Hess's flight to Scotland | during transport to Buchenwald |
| Kalonymus Kalman Shapira | 1889–1943 | Polish | Rabbi | Jewish | Aktion Erntefest |
| Menachem Ziemba | 1883–1943 | Polish | Rabbi | Jewish | The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
| Maria Skobtsova | 1891–1945 | Russian | Russian Orthodox nun, saint | French Resistance | gas chamber, Ravensbrück concentration camp |

## Sports

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Eddy Hamel | 1902–1943 | American | first Jewish football player of AFC Ajax | Jewish | Murdered at Auschwitz |
| Evžen Rošický | 1914–1942 | Czech | athlete (800m, 400m relay), 1936 Berlin Olympic Games | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | executed at Kobylisy Shooting Range |
| Otto Herschmann | 1877–1942 | Austrian | fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist; one of only a few athletes who have won Olympic medals in multiple sports | Jewish | Izbica concentration camp |
| Heinrich Wolf | 1875–1943 | Austrian | chess player | Jewish | Vienna |
| Vera Menchik | 1906–1944 | British-Czech | chess player; world champion | The Blitz | killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in South London |
| Karel Treybal | 1885–1941 | Czech | chess player; chess Olympian | Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | executed, Prague |
| Salo Landau | 1903–1944 | Dutch | chess player | Jewish | Gräditz concentration camp |
| Gerrit Kleerekoper | 1897–1943 | Dutch | coach Dutch gymnastics team 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games | Jewish | Sobibór |
| Estella Agsteribbe | 1909–1943 | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Helena Nordheim | 1903–1943 | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | Jewish | Sobibór |
| Anna Dresden-Polak | 1906–1943 | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | Jewish | Sobibór |
| Jud Simons | 1904–1943 | Dutch | gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist | Jewish | Sobibór |
| Isidore Goudeket | 1883-1943 | Dutch | gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics | Jewish | Sobibór |
| Abraham de Oliveira | 1880-1943 | Dutch | gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics | Jewish | Sobibór |
| Alfred Flatow | 1869–1942 | German | gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Gustav Flatow | 1875–1945 | German | gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist | Jewish | Theresienstadt |
| Lilli Henoch | 1899–1942 | German | 4 world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay), 10 German national championships | Jewish | Riga Ghetto |
| Werner Seelenbinder | 1904–1944 | German | wrestler; Olympian | Communist | executed, Brandenburg an der Havel |
| Johann Trollmann | 1907–1943 | German | boxer; German national champion | Sinti | Neuengamme |
| János Garay (fencer) | 1889–1945 | Hungarian | fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist | Jewish | Mauthausen |
| Oszkár Gerde | 1883–1944 | Hungarian | fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist | Jewish | Mauthausen |
| Attila Petschauer | 1904–1943 | Hungarian | fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist | Jewish | Davidovka concentration camp |
| András Székely | 1909–1943 | Hungarian | swimmer, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay) | Jewish | killed at a forced labor camp in Chernihiv, Ukraine |
| Bronisław Czech | 1908–1944 | Polish | skier: Olympian | Polish resistance movement in World War II | Auschwitz |
| Roman Kantor | 1912–1943 | Polish | fencer; Olympian | Jewish | Majdanek concentration camp |
| Józef Klotz | 1900–1941 | Polish | Polish national soccer team | Jewish | killed in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| Janusz Kusociński | 1907–1940 | Polish | athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist | Polish resistance movement in World War II | executed in Palmiry |
| Dawid Przepiórka | 1880–1940 | Polish | chess player; chess Olympian | Jewish | executed, Warsaw |
| Leon Sperling | 1900–1941 | Polish | left wing on national soccer team | Jewish | Lemberg Ghetto |
| Ilja Szrajbman | 1907–1943 | Polish | swimmer, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay | Jewish | Majdanek concentration camp |
| Victor Perez | 1911–1945 | Tunisian | boxer; world flyweight champion | Jewish | Auschwitz |
| Ernest Toussaint | 1908–1942 | Luxembourgian | boxer | Luxembourg Resistance | Hinzert concentration camp |
| László Bartók | 1904–1944 | Hungarian | Olympic rower, 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four | ? | Buchenwald |

## Politics, resistance

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Political Ideology/Occupation | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Käthe Leichter | 1895–1942 | Austrian | Politician, economist | Jewish | executed, Bernburg Euthanasia Centre |
| Rosa Manus | 1891–1942 | Dutch | Feminist and peace activist | Jewish | murdered by gassing, Bernburg |
| Victor Basch | 1877–1945 | French | Aesthetician, politician | Jewish | assassinated by the Vichy French Milice |
| Pierre Brossolette | 1903–1944 | French | high resistance leader | French Resistance | committed suicide (so as not to break under Gestapo torture) |
| Georges Mandel | 1885–1944 | French | Politician, resistance leader | Jewish, French Resistance | murdered in the Forest of Fontainebleau |
| Jean Moulin | 1899–1943 | French | high resistance leader | French Resistance | tortured to death by the Gestapo |
| Jean Maurice Paul Jules de Noailles | 1893–1945 | French | Duke of Ayen, French resistance fighter | French Resistance | died at Bergen-Belsen a few days before the end of the war |
| Jean Zay | 1904–1944 | French | politician, former minister of French Government | Jewish, French Resistance | assassinated by the Vichy French Milice |
| Edgar André | 1894–1936 | German | Communist | Communist | executed, Hamburg |
| Friedrich Aue | 1896–1944 | German | Communist | Communist | executed, Brandenburg |
| Judith Auer | 1905–1944 | German | Communist resistance fighter | Jewish, Communist | executed, Berlin |
| Bernhard Bästlein | 1894–1944 | German | Communist | Communist | executed, Brandenburg |
| Olga Benário Prestes | 1908–1942 | German-Brazilian | Communist | Jewish, Communist | executed, Ravensbrück |
| Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff | 1890–1945 | German | Diplomat | German resistance to Nazism | murdered in custody, Berlin |
| Cato Bontjes van Beek | 1920–1944 | German | Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Rudolf Breitscheid | 1874–1944 | German | Social Democrat | political opponent | executed, Buchenwald |
| Marianne Cohn | 1922–1944 | German | Maquis Resistance fighter | Jewish, French Resistance | Beaten to death by Gestapo |
| Hans Coppi | 1916–1942 | German | Communist resistance fighter | Communist, German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Hilde Coppi | 1909–1943 | German | Communist resistance fighter | Communist, German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Gusta Dawidson Draenger | 1917-1943 | Polish | leader of Akiva youth movement | Jewish | executed, Gestapo custody, Krakow |
| Georg Elser | 1903–1945 | German | Manual laborer, Rotfront-Kämpfer | planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler | executed, Dachau |
| Carl Friedrich Goerdeler | 1884–1945 | German | Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist | political opponent | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Willi Graf | 1918–1943 | German | White Rose resistance fighter; student | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison |
| Albrecht Haushofer | 1903–1945 | German | Diplomat, writer | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Moabit |
| Rudolf Hilferding | 1877–1941 | German | Social Democrat | Jewish | executed, Gestapo custody, Paris |
| Otto Hirsch | 1885–1941 | German | Representative of German Jews | Jewish | executed, Mauthausen concentration camp |
| Camill Hoffmann | 1878–1944 | German | Diplomat, writer | Jewish | executed, Auschwitz |
| Martin Hoop | 1892–1933 | German | Communist, District leader of KPD in Saxony | Communist | executed, Zwickau |
| Kurt Huber | 1893–1943 | German | White Rose resistance fighter, professor | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison |
| Franz Jacob | 1906–1944 | German | Communist | Communist, German resistance to Nazism | executed, Brandenburg |
| Ludwig Landmann | 1868-1945 | German | DDP politician, Mayor of Frankfurt | Jewish | starved to death in hiding place |
| Julius Leber | 1891–1944 | German | Socialist | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Wilhelm Leuschner | 1890–1944 | German | Politician | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| August Lütgens | 1897-1933 | German | Communist | Communist, German resistance to Nazism | executed, Amtsgericht Altona |
| Ottilie Pohl | 1867–1943 | German | Resistance fighter | Jewish | executed, Theresienstadt |
| Fritz Pröll | 1915–1944 | German | Resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | Suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen |
| Christoph Probst | 1918–1943 | German | White Rose resistance fighter, student | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison |
| Joseph Roth | 1896–1945 | German | Teacher and politician | Jewish | murdered by a poison injection after being imprisoned in Buchenwald |
| Anton Saefkow | 1903–1944 | German | Communist, resistance fighter | Communist, German resistance to Nazism | executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg |
| Werner Scharff | 1912–1945 | German | Resistance fighter, electrician | Jewish, German resistance to Nazism | executed, Sachsenhausen |
| Rudolf von Scheliha | 1897–1942 | German | Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter, diplomat | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Alexander Schmorell | 1917–1943 | German | White Rose resistance fighter, student | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison |
| Ernst Schneller | 1890–1944 | German | KPD politician | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Sachsenhausen |
| Werner Scholem | 1895–1940 | German | Communist | Jewish, Communist | executed, Buchenwald |
| Hans Scholl | 1918–1943 | German | White Rose resistance fighter, medical student | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison |
| Sophie Scholl | 1921–1943 | German | White Rose resistance fighter, student | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Munich–Stadelheim Prison |
| Ilse Stöbe | 1911–1942 | German | Red Orchestra (communist) resistance fighter | German resistance to Nazism | Guillotined, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Bruno Tesch | 1913–1933 | German | Communist | Communist | executed, Amtsgericht Altona |
| Ernst Thälmann | 1886–1944 | German | Leader of KPD | Communist | executed, Buchenwald |
| Adam von Trott zu Solz | 1909–1944 | German | Diplomat | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Jenő Deutsch (Eugen Deutsch) | 1879–1944 | Hungarian | Social democrat politician | ? | executed |
| Hannah Szenes | 1921–1944 | Hungarian | Jewish partisan | Jewish | executed |
| Kazimierz Bartel | 1882–1941 | Polish | Prime Minister of Poland 1926–1930 | Polish intelligentsia | executed |
| Paweł Frenkiel | 1920–1943 | Polish | Jewish Military Union leader | Jewish | executed |
| Yitzhak Gitterman | 1889–1943 | Polish | Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee | Jewish | fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising |
| Herschel Grynszpan | 1921-1945? | Polish | shot the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on 7 November 1938 in Paris | Jewish | executed, location of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison Berlin-Moabit |
| Stefan Rowecki | 1895–1944 | Polish | General, leader of the Armia Krajowa, journalist | Polish resistance movement in World War II | executed, Warsaw |
| Stefan Starzyński | 1893–1943 | Polish | Politician, economist, writer, Mayor of Warsaw 1934–1939 | Polish intelligentsia | fate unknown, possibly died in Dachau |
| Szmul Zygielbojm | 1895–1943 | Polish | Bund leader | Jewish | suicide in protest of Nazism |
| Tone Čufar | 1905–1942 | Slovenian | Resistance fighter | Slovene Liberation Front | shot during an escape attempt |
| Slavko Šlander | 1909–1941 | Slovenian | Resistance fighter | Slovene Liberation Front | executed |

## Military

| Name | Lifespan | Nationality | Achievements | Reasons for persecution | Cause of death |
| Charles Delestraint | 1879–1945 | French | general, resistance leader | French Resistance | assassinated in Dachau concentration camp |
| Ludwig Beck | 1880–1944 | German | General, Putschist | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin |
| Wilhelm Canaris | 1887–1945 | German | military information service | German resistance to Nazism | executed, Flossenbürg |
| Erich Fellgiebel | 1886–1944 | German | officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Werner von Haeften | 1908–1944 | German | jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin |
| Erich Hoepner | 1886–1944 | German | demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim | 1905–1944 | German | Colonel, Putschist | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin |
| Friedrich Olbricht | 1888–1944 | German | General, Putschist | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin |
| Hans Oster | 1887–1945 | German | Chief of staff | 20 July plot | executed, Flossenbürg |
| Harro Schulze-Boysen | 1909–1942 | German | officer, publicist | collaboration with Soviet intelligence | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Claus von Stauffenberg | 1907–1944 | German | Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin |
| Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel | 1886–1944 | German | military commander in occupied France | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Henning von Tresckow | 1901–1944 | German | Major General, Putschist | German resistance to Nazism | suicide, near Ostrov, Russia |
| Erwin von Witzleben | 1881–1944 | German | retired Field Marshal | 20 July plot | executed, Berlin-Plötzensee |
| Maurizio Giglio | 1920–1944 | Italian | soldier, policeman, secret agent, MOVM | collaboration with Allied intelligence | shot, one of the victims of the Ardeatine massacre, Rome |
| Dmitry Karbyshev | 1880–1945 | Russian | Army(RKKA), engineer commander | Red Army general | executed, Mauthausen |
| Rudolf Viest | 1890–1945 | Slovak | Division General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising | Slovak National Uprising | executed, Flossenbürg |
| Ján Golian | 1906–1945 | Slovak | Brigadier General, commander of the Slovak National Uprising | Slovak National Uprising | executed, Flossenbürg |