OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Xingguo Temple (Jinan)

Xingguo Temple (simplified Chinese: 兴国寺; traditional Chinese: 興國寺; pinyin: Xīngguó Sì) is a Buddhist temple located in Zhangqiu District of Jinan, Shandong.

## History

Xingguo Temple was originally built in the Kaihuang period (581–600) of Sui dynasty (581–618) with the name of "Thousand Buddha Temple" (千佛寺). The temple had reached unprecedented heyday in the Zhenguan period (627–649) of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Its name was changed into "Xingguo Chan Temple" (兴国禅寺).
After the fall of the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), the entirely temple was ruins in wars and natural disasters.
In 1468, in the reign of Chenghua Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Su Xian (苏贤) raised funds to restore the temple on the original site. Four Heavenly Kings Hall, Mahavira Hall, bedrooms and storehouse were added to the temple.
It went through two rebuilds in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), respectively in the Jiaqing period and Xianfeng period.
During the ten-year Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) the Red Guards had attacked the temple, some of the stone statues of Buddha were slightly damaged in the massive movement.
In 1983, it has been designated as a National Key Buddhist Temple in Han Chinese Area by the State Council of China.

## Architecture

The extant structure is based on the Ming and Qing dynasties building principles and retains the traditional architectural style. Main structures from the Shanmen to the Buddhist Texts Library are aligned with the central axis and divided into four countyards.

### Shanmen

Under the eaves of the Shanmen is a plaque with the Chinese characters "Xingguo Chan Temple" written by former Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China Zhao Puchu. In front of the hall, a wooden plaque with a couplet is hung on the two side pillars. It says "暮鼓晨钟，惊醒世间名利客；经声佛号，唤回苦海梦迷人". It was composed and inscribed by Qing dynasty scholar Yang Zhaoqing (杨兆庆).

### Mahavira Hall

The Mahavira Hall enshrining the Three Saints of Hua-yan (华严三圣). In the middle is Sakyamuni, statues of Manjushri and Samantabhadra stand on the left and right sides of Sakyamuni's statue. In front of Sakyamuni stand Ananda and Kassapa Buddha on the left and right. At the back of Sakyamuni enshrines the statue of Guanyin with Shancai standing on the left and Longnü on the right. The statues of Eighteen Arhats stand on both sides of the hall.

### Jade Buddha Hall

The Mahavira Hall houses statues of Sakyamuni, Ksitigarbha and Thousand Armed and Eyed Guanyin. The sitting statue of Sakyamuni is made of jadeite.

### Thousand Buddha Cliff

In the Thousand Buddha Cliff (千佛崖) that is opposite to the temple, there are many stone statues made by artisans in the Sui and Tang dynasties. The over 200 stone statues are carved with integrate structural and exquisite techniques.
# Changlu Temple

32°12′58″N 118°45′18″E﻿ / ﻿32.216°N 118.755°E﻿ / 32.216; 118.755 The Changlu Chongfu Chan Buddhist Temple (长芦崇福禅寺), more commonly the Changlu Temple, is a Chan Buddhist temple in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, north of the Yangtze. The current temple, located in Taizishan Park (太子山公园), Luhe District, was only built in 2010, even though its history dates back to 527 during the Liang dynasty: the temple was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt 10 times over the millennium. As a result of rising water, the original temple was submerged in the Yangtze by 12th-century Song dynasty, so a new temple bearing its name was built in 1185 further north. The temple was also burned down several times in wars, including the 12th/13th-century Jin–Song Wars and the 19th-century Taiping Rebellion, but always rebuilt. Most recently, the 1954 Yangtze River floods completely destroyed the last pre-modern temple. As the former site was later occupied by a petroleum company, the temple built in 2010 is located about 5 km away.
# Mario game series

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#REDIRECT List of video games featuring Mario
# Book club

Book club may refer to:
* Book discussion club, a group of people who meet to discuss a book or books that they have read
** Literature circle, a group of students who meet in a classroom to discuss a book or books that they have read
* Book sales club, a subscription-based method of selling and purchasing books
** Text publication society, also known as a book club, a subscription-based learned society dedicated to the publication and sale of scholarly editions of texts
Book club may also refer to:
* Book Club (film), a 2018 American comedy film
* Book Club: The Next Chapter, the 2023 sequel
* The Book Club, an Australian television show that discusses books
* Bookclub (radio), a BBC Radio 4 programme
* The Richard & Judy, Book Club, a regular chat show segment responsible for 26% of book sales in the United Kingdom in 2008
* The original name of Siam Commercial Bank, established 1904
* The Book Group, a British television situation comedy
# George Abbe

George Bancroft Abbe (January 28, 1911 – March 15, 1989) was an American poet and novelist.

## Life

He was graduated from the University of New Hampshire in 1933 and from the University of Iowa in 1938.
He taught at Mount Holyoke College, Yale University, University of Connecticut, Wayne State University, Columbia University, University of Maine, Springfield College, Central Connecticut State College, Russell Sage College, State University of New York at Plattsburgh.
His work appeared in Poetry Magazine, He had tea with Sylvia Plath.
A novel manuscript is at University of Iowa. He corresponded with Nicholas Joost, Judith Moffett, and Stephen Vincent Benét, and wrote a foreword to his book Stephen Vincent Benét on writing.

## Awards

* 1956/1957 Shelley Memorial Award
* Two grants from State University of New York Research Awards Foundation

## Works
### Poetry

* Wait for These Things. H. Holt and Company. 1940.
* Bird in the Mulberry, Collected Lyrics 1938-1952. M. Jones Co. 1954.
* Collected poems, 1932-1961. R. R. Smith. 1961.
* Dreams & Dissent: New Poems, 1961-1970. Noone House. 1970. ISBN 978-0-87233-016-0.

### Novels

* Voices in the Square. New York: Coward-McCann. 1938.
* Dreamer's Clay. New York: Holt, 1940
* Mr. Quill's Crusade. New York: Island Press. 1948.
* The Winter House: New York: Doubleday, 1957
* One More Puritan: Chicago, Windfall, 1963
* The Non-Conformist. Boston: Branden, 1966
* The Funeral: New York: Horizon, 1967
* Yonderville. Boston: Branden, 1969

### Non-Fiction

* The Larks. Bauhan, 1974
* Abbe and Benet, 1976
* The Pigeon Lover. Donning, 1981

### Editor

* Hill Wind, YMCA, 1935
* Stephen Vincent Benet on Writing. Stephen Greene, 1964
* Poetry in the Round: A Poetry Workshop, Smithsonian Folkways, George Abbe, 1961
* You and contemporary poetry; an aid-to-appreciation. North Guilford, Connecticut: An Author-Audience Publication. 1965. ISBN 978-0-87233-010-8.
# Claude Hardy

Claude Hardy (1604 – 5 April 1678) was a French linguist, mathematician, and lawyer known for translating the works of Erasmus and Euclid into 36 different languages. He was considered one of the strongest mathematicians of his time.

## Early life

Hardy was born in 1604 to Sébastien Hardy the seigneur of Estour and Tabaize in Quinquempoix, France. In 1610 he moved to St Honoré in the parish of St Germain de l'Auxerrois.

## Career

Hardy's first publication was published in 1613 at the age of nine. It was a translation of Erasmus' work titled De la civilité morale des enfants. He went on to publish another translation the following year, this time of a work of poetry by Michel Verin. By 1625 Hardy had completed his education and was working as a lawyer in Paris where he took a job working for the Parlement of Paris. While he worked there he published Euclidis Data, & Marini Philosophi in Data Euclidis commentarius graece & latine. A year later, he was promoted to be a counselor of Paris' court of justice. He later studied with Claude Mydorge, Pierre de Fermat, and René Descartes. He discussed mathematical ideas with them and aided them in translating their works. In 1630, he began publishing under the pseudonym of Antoine Vasset. His first work under this name was a translation of François Viète's book on Algebra.
His first published original works were two papers on the duplication of the cube, titled Examen and Refutation, they were published in 1630 and 1638 respectively. He later studied chemistry with Annibal Barlet.

## Personal life

In 1622, Hardy married Perrette Presche.
# Buol language

Buol (Bual, Bwo’ol, Bwool, Dia) is an Austronesian language spoken in northwestern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

## Phonology

The vowels of Buol are /a e i o u/. Stress falls on penultimate syllable, with sequence of like vowels counting as one syllable.
The consonants are as follows:
Buol Consonants :
| | | Labial | Apical | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t̪ | | k | (ʔ) |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiced | b | d | (dʒ) | ɡ | |
| Fricative | Fricative | β | (s) | | | (h) |
| Approximant | Approximant | | l | j | w | |
| Trill | Trill | | r | | | |
/dʒ/ occurs in loans. /h/, /s/, /ʔ/ are found in loans and a small number of native words, such as /buahaŋa/ 'k.o. cricket', /sio/ 'nine', /naʔal/ 'bark slippers'.
/β/ only occurs before /u/, but there are near-minimal pairs such as /βuŋo/ 'fruit', /buŋol/ 'leaf'.
/l/ is pronounced [l] after a front vowel, as in [dila] 'tongue'; [ɽ] if not preceded, but followed by a front vowel, as in [aɽe] 'chin'; and [ʎ] elsewhere. However, there is an exception with the sequences /lala, lola, lolo/, where the first /l/ is pronounced [l], as in /lolo/ [loʎo] 'face'.
# John Mannion

John Mannion may refer to:
* John Mannion Snr (1907–1978), Irish Fine Gael politician
* John Mannion Jnr (1944–2006), his son, Irish Fine Gael politician
* John Mannion (American politician) (b. 1968), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York
# Antonio Martín Eguia

Antonio Martín (born 18 June 1918) is a Spanish former professional cyclist. Martín was professional between 1939 and 1948, earning 13 professional victories, including a stage of the Vuelta a España. He also competed in the Vuelta a España five times (1941, 1942, 1945, 1946, 1948).

## Biography

Antonio Martín was born in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country on 18 June 1918. At the end of the 1948 season, he retired from cycling. He was known as a climbing specialist, and finished in the top 10 of the Vuelta a España twice, and won a stage in 1941.

## Major results
### 1939

    3rd Barcelona-Madrid
    4th Clásica a los Puertos

### 1940

    1st Álava
    2nd Clásica a los Puertos
    8th Overall Volta a Catalunya

### 1941

    1st Stage 5 Vuelta a Navarra
    2nd Road race, National Road Championships
    7th Overall Vuelta a España
       1st Stage 9
    7th Overall Volta a Catalunya
       1st Stage 9

### 1942

    1st Derny, National Track Championships
    1st Overall Circuito Castilla-Leon-Asturias
       1st Stage 2
    1st Stage 3 Vuelta a Levante
    1st Stage 3 Circuito del Norte
    9th Subida al Naranco

### 1943

    1st Derny, National Track Championships
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    4th Overall Vuelta a Levante
       1st Stages 1 & 6
    10th Overall Volta a Catalunya

### 1944

    1st Overall Vuelta a Levante
       1st Stage 7
    1st Road race, Barcelona Road Championships
    2nd Road race, National Road Championships

### 1945

    1st Stage 1b Volta a Catalunya
    2nd Trofeo Jaumendreu
    2nd Trofeo Masferrer
    5th Overall Vuelta a España

### 1946

    3rd Trofeo del Sprint
    7th Trofeo Masferrer

### 1947

    4th Overall Tour of Galicia
       1st Stage 8

### Vuelta a España results

* 1941: 7
* 1942: DNF
* 1943: 5
* 1946: 16
* 1948: DNF
# Modern pentathlon at the 2010 Asian Games

Modern pentathlon at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Huangcun Sports Base and Aoti Aquatics Centre Guangzhou, China between 23 November and 24 November 2010.

## Schedule

| F | Final |
| Event↓/Date → | 23rd Tue | 24th Wed |
| Men's individual | | F |
| Men's team | | F |
| Women's individual | F | |
| Women's team | F | |

## Medalists
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual details | Cao Zhongrong China | Lee Choon-huan South Korea | Kim In-hong South Korea |
| Team details | South Korea Jung Hwon-ho Kim In-hong Kim Ki-hyeon Lee Choon-huan | China Cao Zhongrong Liu Yanli Wang Guan Xu Yunqi | Japan Shinya Fujii Tomoya Miguchi Hayato Noguchi Shinichi Tomii |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual details | Miao Yihua China | Wu Yanyan China | Yang Soo-jin South Korea |
| Team details | China Chen Qian Miao Yihua Wu Yanyan Zhang Ye | South Korea Choi Min-ji Kim Eun-byeol Mun Ye-rin Yang Soo-jin | Kazakhstan Xeniya Alexandrova Galina Dolgushina Lada Jiyenbalanova Anna Shondina |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## Participating nations

A total of 33 athletes from 6 nations competed in modern pentathlon at the 2010 Asian Games:
* China (8)
* Japan (6)
* Kazakhstan (4)
* Kyrgyzstan (5)
* South Korea (8)
* Uzbekistan (2)
# DuPont Highway

The DuPont Highway is a north–south road running the length of the U.S. state of Delaware from Selbyville to Wilmington. The highway, which was finished in 1923, became part of the U.S. Highway System in 1926 and was composed of:
* U.S. Route 113 between Selbyville and Dover (the portion between Milford and Dover is now Delaware Route 1)
* U.S. Route 13 between Dover and Wilmington (the DuPont Highway name now continues along US 13 south of Dover to the border between Kent and Sussex counties)
# Illinois Route 180

Illinois Route 180 (IL 180) is a 15.43-mile-long (24.83 km) north–south state road located in Knox County in the central portion of the U.S. state of Illinois. It runs from U.S. Route 150 south of Williamsfield north to Illinois Route 17 south of Galva.

## Route description

Route 180 begins at a junction with US 150 south of Williamsfield. From here, the route heads north into Williamsfield. After passing through Williamsfield, the highway continues north through a rural area. The route briefly turns west near Snakeden Hollow State Fish and Wildlife Area before curving north and meeting Illinois Route 167 at its eastern terminus east of Victoria. Route 180 continues north past this junction and passes the community of Centerville. Past Centerville, the highway continues through farmland until its northern terminus at Route 17 south of Galva. Illinois Route 180 is a two-lane road for its entire length.

## History

SBI Route 180 was established in 1924. Its routing has not changed since its establishment.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Knox County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Truro Township | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 150 | Southern terminus of IL 180 |
| Victoria Township | 10.4 | 16.7 | IL 167 | Eastern terminus of IL 167 |
| Lynn Township | 15.4 | 24.8 | IL 17 | Northern terminus of IL 180 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# John Culver

John Chester Culver (August 8, 1932 – December 26, 2018) was an American politician, writer, and lawyer who was elected to both the United States House of Representatives (1965–1975) and United States Senate (1975–1981) from Iowa. He was a member of the Democratic Party. His son Chet Culver served as the 41st governor of Iowa (2007–2011).

## Early life and education

Culver was born in Rochester, Minnesota, the son of Mary C. (Miller) and William C. Culver. He moved as a child with his family to Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Culver graduated from both Harvard University and Harvard Law School. As an undergraduate, he played fullback on the Harvard football team with future U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy. He was drafted by the Chicago Cardinals in the 27th round of the 1954 NFL draft. Rather than try out for professional football after graduating, Culver attended Emmanuel College, Cambridge, as the Lionel de Jersey Harvard Scholar.
After his return to the U.S., he served in the military as a captain in the United States Marine Corps from 1955 to 1958.
In 1978 Culver was inducted into the Harvard Football Hall of Fame.

## Career

Culver became active in politics, working as a legislative assistant for Senator Edward Kennedy in 1962. He began his law practice in Iowa a year later. In 1964, he ran against Republican U.S. Representative James E. Bromwell. With President Lyndon Johnson's landslide victory, many Democrats, including Culver, were carried to victory.
In 1974, Culver ran for the U.S. Senate, narrowly defeating Davis Stanley with 52% of the vote for the seat left open by the retirement of Harold E. Hughes. Culver served one term in the Senate, from 1975 until 1981. With Ronald Reagan's national victory as president, Culver was defeated in 1980 by Republican Chuck Grassley, taking 46% of the vote to Grassley's 53%.
In 2000, Culver co-wrote American Dreamer, the first comprehensive biography of Henry A. Wallace.
Culver was a featured speaker at the August 28, 2009, memorial service for Edward Kennedy, speaking as his Harvard classmate and teammate, Senate colleague, and longtime friend.
Until January 31, 2011, Culver was the interim director of the Institute of Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He was succeeded by former Kentucky Secretary of State Trey Grayson. Culver remained on the board of advisers as director emeritus.

## Personal life and death

John Culver and his wife had five children, including Chet, who served as governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011.
At the time of his death, Culver was recently retired from the firm of Arent Fox in Washington, D.C., where he had established the government affairs practice. After leaving the Senate, he lived and worked in the capital with his wife, Mary Jane Checchi.
Culver died on December 26, 2018, at age 86.
# Élisabeth Sophie Chéron

Élisabeth Sophie Chéron (French pronunciation:; 3 October 1648, in Paris – 3 September 1711, in Paris) is remembered today primarily as a French painter, but she was a renaissance woman, acclaimed in her lifetime as a gifted poet, musician, artist, and academician.

## Life

She was trained by her artist father, while still a child, in the arts of enamelling and miniature painting. Her father was a rigid Calvinist, and endeavored to influence his daughter to adopt his religious belief, but her mother was a fervent Roman Catholic, and she persuaded Elizabeth to pass a year in a convent, during which time she ardently embraced the Catholic faith. At 22, in 1670, she was admitted to the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture as a portrait painter under the sponsorship of the influential artist Charles Le Brun. Her 1672 Self-portrait was accepted as her morceau de réception (reception piece). She was the fourth woman painter to enter the academy, nine years after Catherine Girardon, and three years after Madeleine and Geneviève, the two daughters of Louis de Boullogne.
She exhibited regularly at the Salon, and at the same time produced poetry and translations. She was fluent in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. She published her book of Psalm paraphrases in 1694, as the Essay de pseaumes et cantiques mis en vers, et enrichis de figures. Her literary talent was recognized in 1699 when she was named a member of the Accademia dei Ricovrati, in Padua, under the academician name of Erato. Her Psalms were later set to music by Jean-Baptiste Drouard de Bousset and Antonia Bembo, a Venetian noblewoman.
She was an affectionate daughter to both her parents and devoted her earnings to her brother Louis, who studied art in Italy. She was indifferent to proposals of marriage throughout her life, many from brilliant men in her intellectual circle. In 1708, at age 60, and to the surprise of her friends she married Jacques Le Hay, the King's engineer, after which she was known as Madame Le Hay.
She died aged 62 and is buried in the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris. The following lines are placed beneath her portrait in the church:
    "The unusual possession of two exquisite talents will render Cheron an ornament to France for all time. Nothing save the grace of her brush could equal the excellencies of her pen."

## Works

Especially well known are her portrait of Antoinette Deshoulières and her Descent from the Cross. Her notable writings are:
* Livre des Principes à Dessiner, 1706; A book of principles in drawing, Digitised by Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
* Psaumes et Cantiques mis en vers, 1694; Psalms and Canticles,
* Le Cantique d'Habacuc et le Psaume, traduit en vers; The Song of Habakkuk and the Psalm, verse translated;
* Les Cerises Renversées, a small poem published in 1717 after her death, and put into Latin verse by Raux, in 1797.
# Grabówka, Białystok County

Grabówka is a village in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland, within Gmina Grabówka, Białystok County. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Supraśl and 7 km (4 mi) east of the capital of the Polish Province of Podlaskie, Białystok. It is served by Białystok's bus system.
# Kristina Vušković

Kristina L. Vušković (Serbian: Кристина Л. Вушковић, born 6 May 1967) is a Serbian mathematician and theoretical computer scientist working in graph theory. She is Professor in Algorithms and Combinatorics in the School of Computing at the University of Leeds, and a professor of computer science at Union University (Serbia).

## Education and career

Vušković was born on 6 May 1967 in Belgrade. She graduated summa cum laude from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University in 1989, majoring in mathematics and computer science, and completed her PhD in Algorithms, Combinatorics and Optimization at Carnegie Mellon University in 1994. Her dissertation, supervised by Gérard Cornuéjols, was Holes in Bipartite Graphs.
After postdoctoral research as an NSERC Canada International Fellow at the University of Waterloo, she became an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Kentucky, in 1996. She moved to Leeds in 2000, and was given the chair of algorithms and combinatorics at Leeds in 2011. Since 2007 she has also been a professor of computer science at Union University (Serbia).

## Research

Vušković's research in graph theory concerns the structure and algorithms of hereditary classes of graphs. Her results include the recognition of perfect graphs in polynomial time; she has also worked in combinatorial algorithms for graph coloring of perfect graphs.