OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Service layer

In intelligent networks (IN) and cellular networks, service layer is a conceptual layer within a network service provider architecture. It aims at providing middleware that serves third-party value-added services and applications at a higher application layer. The service layer provides capability servers owned by a telecommunication network service provider, accessed through open and secure Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) by application layer servers owned by third-party content providers. The service layer also provides an interface to core networks at a lower resource layer. The lower layers may also be named control layer and transport layer (the transport layer is also referred to as the access layer in some architectures).
The concept of service layer is used in contexts such as Intelligent networks (IN), WAP, 3G and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). It is defined in the 3GPP Open Services Architecture (OSA) model, which reused the idea of the Parlay API for third-party servers.
In software design, for example Service-oriented architecture, the concept of service layer has a different meaning.

## Service layer in IMS

The service layer of an IMS architecture provides multimedia services to the overall IMS network. This layer contains network elements which connect to the Serving-CSCF (Call Session Control Function) using the IP multimedia Subsystem Service Control Interface (ISC). The ISC interface uses the SIP signalling protocol.

### Elements of the IMS service layer

The network elements contained within the service layer are generically referred to as 'service platforms' however the 3GPP specification (3GPP TS 23.228 V8.7.0) defines several types of service platforms:
* SIP Application Server
* OSA Service Capability Server
* IM-SSF

### SIP Application Server

The SIP Application Server (AS) performs the same function as a Telephony Application Server in a pre-IMS network, however it is specifically tailored to support the SIP signalling protocol for use in an IMS network.

### OSA Service Capability Server

An OSA Service Capability Server acts as a secure gateway between the IMS network and an application which runs upon the Open Services Architecture (this is typically a SIP to Parlay gateway)

### IM-SSF

The IM-SSF (IP Multimedia Service Switching Function) acts as a gateway between the IMS network and application servers using other telecommunication signalling standards such as INAP and CAMEL.

## Service layer in SOA

In service-oriented architecture (SOA), the service layer is the third layer in a five-abstraction-layer model. The model consists of Object layer, Component layer, Service layer, Process layer and Enterprise layer. The service layer can be considered as a bridge between the higher and lower layers, and is characterized by a number of services that are carrying out individual business functions.
# M-239 (Michigan highway)

M-239 is a north–south state trunkline highway in Berrien County in the extreme southwestern corner of the US state of Michigan connecting State Road 39 (SR 39) in Indiana to Interstate 94 (I-94). The highway was designated in 1963, and it provided the only connection from the southern end of I-94 into Indiana until 1972.

## Route description

As SR 39 crosses into Michigan it becomes M-239. As soon as it crosses the border, the road curves around to the northwest where it continues through a generally rural area. The trunkline intersects Wilson Road and passes next to a commercial development. After a little over a mile (1.8 km), the road comes to its northern terminus at an interchange with I-94 at exit 1. While M-239 officially ends at the interchange, the roadway, known as Harbor Country Drive, continues to the northwest and into New Buffalo, providing access to US Highway 12. Like other state highways in Michigan, M-239 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). In 2011, the department's traffic surveys showed that on average, 6,231 vehicles used the highway daily. No section of M-239 is listed on the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.

## History

M-239 always ended at I-94, even though Harbor Country Drive continues into New Buffalo. Before completion of the Indiana portion of I-94, the freeway ended at the present exit 1. A 1.1-mile-long (1.8 km) stretch of LaPorte Road was designated as M-239 in 1963 to carry traffic to SR 39, which connects to the Indiana Toll Road. Until 1972, when Indiana constructed their section of I-94, M-239 and SR 39 were the only connection from the southern end of I-94 in Michigan across the state line. That year, the highway carried more than 15,000 vehicles a day.

## Major intersections

The entire highway is in New Buffalo Township, Berrien County.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.000 | 0.000 | SR 39 south to Indiana Toll Road – La Porte | Indiana state line |
| 1.136 | 1.828 | I-94 – Detroit, Chicago | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Władysław Jędrzejewski

Władysław Jędrzejewski (11 February 1863–1940) was a General of the Polish Army, who was probably murdered by the NKVD in Lwów, in March 1940. He fought in several conflicts, including World War I and the Invasion of Poland.
Jędrzejewski was born on 11 February 1863 in his family’s real estate Nowiny, located near Lepiel, Russian Empire (current Belarus). In 1884, after graduation from a Cadet School in Polotsk, he joined the 93rd Irkutsk Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Russian Army. As a professional Russian soldier, he fought in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. In 1916, Jedrzejewski was promoted to major general.
In December 1918 in Warsaw, he joined the newly created Polish Army. In March 1919, Jędrzejewski was transferred to Lwów, where he commanded the defence of the city in the Polish-Ukrainian War. In August 1919, he became commandant of the 5th Lwow Infantry Division, and on 21 April 1920 was promoted to colonel general. In May - August 1920, during the Polish–Soviet War, Jędrzejewski commanded the Polish First Army. In August - September 1920, he commanded the Polish Sixth Army, and then the Sixth Army Operational Group.
In September 1921, Jędrzejewski was transferred back to Lwów, becoming commandant of the Sixth Military District. On 3 March 1922 he was promoted to generał dywizji, and on 30 June 1924 was retired. Jędrzejewski settled in Lwów, and was named manager of the Association of Care of Heroes' Graves.
During the 1939 Invasion of Poland, Jędrzejewski, at age 76, volunteered to the army, and formed the Citizens Guard in Lwów. On 4 October 1939 he was arrested by the NKVD, and was shot either in late 1939 or in March 1940 (at the latter date he was aged 77). In 2012, he was reburied at the Polish Military Cemetery in Kyiv. His son, Captain Tadeusz Jędrzejewski, was killed in action during the Siege of Warsaw (1939).

## Awards

* Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari (1921),
* Commander Cross of the Polonia Restituta (2 May 1923)
* Cross of Valour (Poland) (four times),
* Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Romania),
* Commander of the Legion of Honour.

## Sources

* Piotr Stawecki, Słownik biograficzny generałów Wojska Polskiego 1918-1939, Warszawa 1994
* Henryk P. Kosk, Generalicja polska, t. 1 (A-Ł), Pruszków 1998
# Sar Jangal, Zahedan

Sar Jangal (Persian: سرجنگل) is a city in, and the capital of Kurin District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Kurin Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 261 in 45 households, when it was a village in Kurin Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 490 people in 114 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,790 people in 501 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
After the census, Sar Jangal was elevated to the status of a city.
# Litchfield–South Roads Historic District

The Litchfield–South Roads Historic District encompasses part of the traditional town center of Harwinton, Connecticut. Settled in the second quarter of the 18th century, and centered at the junction of Connecticut Route 4 with North and South Roads, the town center includes a variety of mainly 19th century residential architecture, several churches, and municipal buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

## Description and history

The town of Harwinton was first settled in 1737, out of lands previously assigned to Hartford and Windsor. The town center arose on what is now Route 4, the main east-west route between Hartford and Litchfield, where it crosses a significant local north–south route (now North and South Roads). The town remained agricultural through the 19th century, its economy not industrialized due to a lack of railroad connections and suitable water resources. In the early 20th century, it joined the trend of other communities in northwestern Connecticut in the rise of second homes for city dwellers. One of these, William McConway of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, had a series of fine quarry-stone walls built along South Road.
The historic district is roughly T-shaped, extending along Route 4 (Litchfield Road west of the main junction, Burlington Road east of it) between Birge Park Road and Harwinton Heights Road. It extends south on South Road to Village Lane. Most of its buildings are residential, set with ample spacing and setback from the roads. There are four churches in the district, as well as the site of the town's first cemetery and meetinghouse; the latter was set directly in the central junction. Most of the buildings in the district date to the 19th century, although the Classical Revival library is early 20th century, and the Congregational Church is a simplified recreation of an 1808 sanctuary which burned in 1949. The only significant modern buildings are associated with the Roman Catholic church complex at the western end of the district.
# Terrell Gomez

Terrell Gomez (born February 5, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for Chorale Roanne Basket of the LNB Pro A. He played college basketball for Cal State Northridge and San Diego State.

## Early life and high school career

Gomez attended Inglewood High School. As a junior and senior, he earned Daily Breeze all-area honors. Gomez was a three-time All-Bay League selection as well as the league's Most Outstanding Player in 2015 and was named to the All-CIF Division I-AA Team in 2014. He had scholarship offers from Oral Roberts and Liberty, but both were rescinded when both schools had coaching changes. Gomez decided to attend Middlebrooks Academy as a postgraduate student and took classes at East Los Angeles College. He committed to play college basketball for Cal State Northridge.

## College career

Gomez averaged 11.7 points, 3.6 assists and 2.4 rebounds per game as a freshman. He was named Big West Freshman of the Year. As a sophomore, Gomez averaged 19.2 points, 2.1 rebounds and 2.8 assists per game. He was named to the First Team All-Big West. On November 13, 2019, Gomez scored a career-high 33 points in a 94–82 loss to Pepperdine. As a junior, he averaged 19.8 points, 2.5 rebounds, and 2.3 assists per game while shooting 43.9 percent from the field, 44 percent from three-point range, and a Division I-leading 94.8 percent from the free throw line. Gomez joined teammate Lamine Diane on the First Team All-Big West, becoming the first pair of Cal State Northridge players to be named to the first team twice. He transferred to San Diego State for his senior season. As a senior, Gomez averaged 8.6 points, 1.5 rebounds, and 2.3 assists per game. He declined to take the NCAA's granting of an additional year of eligibility, instead opting to turn professional.

## Professional career

On July 13, 2021, Gomez signed his first professional contract with Final Gençlik of the Turkish Basketball First League. He averaged 21.6 points, 3.8 assists and 3.4 rebounds per game.
On February 22, 2022, Gomez signed with JDA Dijon Basket of the LNB Pro A and the Basketball Champions League.
On July 19, 2023, he signed with Hamburg Towers of the Basketball Bundesliga.
On June 1, 2024, he signed with Chorale Roanne Basket of the LNB Pro A.

## Personal life

His brother, DaShawn Gomez, played basketball at Iona.
His parents are from Trinidad and Tobago.
# John Bowes Griffin

Sir John Bowes Griffin QC (19 April 1903 – 2 February 1992) was a British lawyer and judge. He served as a government lawyer and judge in a number of British colonies in the mid 20th Century.
His last positions were as chief justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda and speaker of the Ugandan Parliament.

## Early life

Griffin was born on 19 April 1903. He was the only son of Charles James Griffin, who had served as attorney general of Gibraltar, chief justice of the Leeward Islands, and chief justice of Uganda.
Griffin was educated at Clongowes in County Kildare. He attended Trinity College Dublin where he graduated with a Master of Arts and a Doctor of Laws and Cambridge. He was called to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1926.

## Legal appointments

Soon after being called to the bar, in 1927, Griffin was appointed an administrative officer in Uganda. In 1929, he was appointed assistant district officer and registrar of the High Court. In the early 1930s, he was appointed Crown Counsel and in that position acted as solicitor general and attorney general for various periods. He was appointed attorney general in the Bahamas (1936–39), acting as governor and chief justice for various periods. He was made a King's Counsel while serving in the Bahamas. He was appointed a KC for the Bahamas in 1938.
In 1939, he was appointed solicitor general of Palestine. At the end of World War II, in 1946, he was appointed attorney general of Hong Kong, serving there until 1951.
In 1952, Griffin returned to Uganda as chief justice and served in that position until his early retirement due to ill health in December 1956. He was knighted in 1955.

## Post-retirement appointments

Griffin acted as chief justice of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1957. From 1958 to 1962, he served as the speaker of the Uganda Legislative Council (a body which his sister Alice had become the first female member of in 1954), and from 1962 to 1963 as the speaker of the Ugandan National Assembly.
He was made a commander of the Venerable Order of St John in 1960.
He was appointed to a number of other positions in Africa until his final retirement in 1965.

## Death

Griffin retired to Sliema, Malta where he lived on the Tigne Sea Front.
He died on 2 February 1992.
# M-28–Tahquamenon River Bridge

The M-28–Tahquamenon River Bridge is a bridge located on M-28 over the Tahquamenon River in Chippewa Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1999.

## History

In 1926, the Michigan State Highway Department (MSHD) improved M-28, by adding several miles of gravel roads and replacing some bridges, including this one over the Tahquamenon River. The department designed the bridge and solicited bids for its constructions. Walter Toebe and Company of Shingleton was awarded the contract to construct the bridge, and built it in 1926 for a cost of $24,286.08. It was listed on the NRHP on November 30, 1999.

## Historic context

The MSHD standardized the designs of steel stringer bridges in 1905–06 and plate girder bridges in 1907–08. However, it was not until 1926, the year this bridge was built, that the department began encasing the steel girder webs in concrete. Why they did so is not entirely clear, and indeed the department abandoned the practice of encasing interior girders soon after. However, they continued encasing the exterior beams in concrete, and continued using the concrete balusters pioneered with this bridge design, and this bridge can be considered a prototype for numerous, similar bridges built by the department in the next decade. The Tahquamenon River Bridge is one of only two remaining bridges of this type in Michigan.

## Description

The M-28–Tahquamenon River Bridge is plate girder bridge built of nine steel girders encased in concrete. The girders are braced by concrete diaphragms and sit on large concrete abutments. The bridge spans 55 feet (17 m), and is 35 feet (11 m) wide with a 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) roadway. A concrete deck covered with asphalt sits atop the bridge, and the roadway is lined with concrete guardrails made from fluted balusters and paneled bulkheads.
# Red-headed tanager

The red-headed tanager (Piranga erythrocephala) is a medium-sized American songbird in the family Cardinalidae, the cardinals or cardinal grosbeaks, endemic to Mexico. Comprising two subspecies, it is around 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Males have predominantly yellow-olive plumage with a red head and throat and females have yellow forecrowns.

## Taxonomy and systematics

English naturalist William Swainson described the red-headed tanager in 1827 as Spermagra erythrocephala from material collected by William Bullock and his son from a specimen from Temascaltepec in Mexico.
The red-headed tanager and the other species of genus Piranga were originally placed in the family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. Since approximately 2008 they have been placed in their current family. It and the white-winged tanager (Piranga leucoptera) have sometimes been placed in genus Spermagra.
The red-headed tanager has two recognized subspecies, the nominate Piranga erythrocephala erythrocephala and P. e. candida.

## Description

The red-headed tanager is approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs 19.9 to 24.5 g (0.70 to 0.86 oz). The nominate male's forecrown, face, throat and upper chest are red and the rest of the upperparts bright yellow-olive. The rest of the underparts are olive-yellow. It has a narrow black mask. The female's forecrown is yellow and the rest of her upperparts yellow-olive. The throat and chest are yellow that fades to buffy white toward the vent area. The juvenile male looks like a bright female. P. e. candida is similar to the nominate but duller and darker.

## Distribution and habitat

The red-headed tanager is endemic to Mexico. The nominate is found discontinuously from Jalisco state south to eastern Oaxaca. P. e. candida is found further north, from southern Sonora and Chihuahua south to Jalisco, and has been recorded further south outside of breeding season. It uses a variety of wooded habitats including semi-humid and moist montane forest, pine-oak forest, evergreen forest, and open woodland with scrub. It can also be found along the edges of forest and in plantations. In elevation it ranges from 900 to 2,600 m (3,000 to 8,500 ft).

## Behavior
### Feeding

The red-headed tanager forages in pairs or small groups for insects and small fruit like berries. It favors the mid level of the trees or higher and tends to stay in the foliage though it will sometimes forage at the ends of branches.

### Breeding

The red-headed tanager's nest is a cup of fine twigs placed at middle to upper height in a tree. No other information about its breeding phenology has been published.

### Vocalization

The red-headed tanager's song is "a long, slow ...'chur chew che-wier chéé-chur wee chur cheer chéé-chur ...'" or "tsi-tsi tsee-tsee". It has several calls.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the red-headed tanager as being of Least Concern. It is found in several protected areas and much of its range outside them also has intact habitat. "[It] seems certain that the near-term risk to this species is low."
# Allium daninianum

Allium daninianum is a species of onion found in Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan. It is a bulb-forming perennial with a long, flexuous scape. Umbel is lax, the pink flowers long-pedicelled and mostly drooping.
# Harry L. Conn

Harry Luther Conn (April 28, 1867 – June 4, 1939) was a jurist in the U.S. State of Ohio. He was appointed to the Ohio Supreme Court in 1924 with no prior experience as a judge.

## Biography

Harry L. Conn was born in Van Wert, Ohio on April 28, 1867, the son of Perry C. and Sophronia Saltzgaber Conn. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1886. He was forced to resign his commission after two years due to ill health.
After resigning from the academy, Conn moved to Indianapolis, Indiana to take business classes. He was appointed court stenographer for the Ohio Courts of Common Pleas in five counties in Northwest Ohio. Conn passed the Ohio bar examination in 1894, and opened a private practice in Van Wert, while continuing as court stenographer in Van Wert County. Conn was elected as Van Wert county prosecutor in 1903, was re-elected in 1905, and lost re-election in 1907.
Conn was appointed Ohio Commissioner of Insurance and Director of the Ohio Department of Insurance in January 1923 by newly elected Democratic Governor A. Victor Donahey. He had served for eighteen months when Ohio Supreme Court Judge R. M. Wanamaker committed suicide on June 18, 1924. Governor Donahey appointed Conn to the vacant seat. He served until he lost election for the remainder of the term in November 1924 to Republican Reynolds R. Kinkade. He resigned December 2, 1924.
Conn resumed being Director of the Ohio Department of Insurance in 1925, and then returned to his private practice in Van Wert. He was chairman of the board of directors of the First National Bank of Van Wert, and was a member of the Van Wert Elks Lodge and the First Presbyterian Church.
Harry L. Conn married Irene Balyeat in 1898. They raised two children.
Harry L. Conn died from injuries in a fall down the stairs from the second floor Elks Lodge meeting rooms in Van Wert to the sidewalk on June 14, 1939.