OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georges Rivollet

Georges Rivollet (November 3, 1888 – December 28, 1974) was a French politician and member of the veterans' community, serving as minister of veterans affairs during the interwar period.

## Biography

During World War I, Rivollet served in the 47th Infantry Regiment. Enlisting at age 26 as a private, he rose to the rank of sergeant. Wounded three times, he was awarded the Médaille militaire in April 1916. A shell fragment left him a war invalid with a fractured skull. He earned three citations for bravery.
In 1918, he joined the Union nationale des réformés et mutilés (UNMR), an association for disabled veterans, becoming treasurer and later secretary-general. He was appointed to the National Office for Veterans in 1919 and remained active until August 1940.
In February 1934, Rivollet was named Minister of Veterans Affairs in the government of Gaston Doumergue. He was the first extraparliamentary figure and member of the veterans' community to hold this position.

## World War II and Collaboration

During the German occupation of France, Rivollet presided over the UNMR and was a supporter of Franco-German collaboration. He became a member of the Rassemblement national populaire, a collaborationist party founded by Marcel Déat.
After the war, he was tried and sentenced to five years of dégradation nationale in 1950. He argued that his collaboration was to protect veterans.

## Later life

Rivollet was active in postwar organizations such as the Union des intellectuels indépendants and the Association pour défendre la mémoire du maréchal Pétain. He served as vice president of the latter in the 1970s. His historical works focused on the Napoleonic Wars and received recognition, including the Prix Amic of the Académie française.

## Publications

* Les maréchaux d’Empire (1959)
* La Corse militaire (1961)
* Charles-Antoine Louis Morand, comte d’Empire (1964)
# Vilkhovets, Cherkasy Oblast

Vilkhovets (Ukrainian: Вільховець; Russian: Ольховец, romanized: Olkhovets) is a village in Zvenyhorodka urban hromada, Zvenyhorodka Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine. Its population is 3,048 (as of 2024).

## History

Vilkhovets was first mentioned in 1633. During the Ruin, it was looted and burned by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire. Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host Ivan Vyhovsky was executed by Polish soldiers near the village in 1664.
From the 17th century, the village was ruled by the Jabłonowski, Branicki, and Potocki families. Most of the residents were serfs who worked in agriculture. In a protest against landlordism, local peasants felled the private forest of the Potocki family in January 1893. The village was first occupied by the Red Army in February 1918 before coming under the occupation of Austria-Hungary and the German Empire a month later. In December, it was captured by the Directorate of Ukraine, before again being occupied by the Red Army on 4 March 1919. It was taken over by the White Army in August before being occupied by the Red Army for the final time in December.
Ukrainian dissident leader Viacheslav Chornovil lived in Vilkhovets during his childhood. A museum [uk] dedicated to him exists in the village.

## Notable people

* Lev Bykovskyi [uk], bibliographer, historian, and journalist
* Mykola Liubarskyi [uk], Hero of the Soviet Union
* Anatolii Mykhalevskyi [uk], educator, mathematician, and filmmaker
* Serhii Syrotenko [uk], colonel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine killed during the War in Donbas
* Petro Tymoshenko [uk], linguist
# Ailsworth

Ailsworth or Ailesworth is a village and civil parish in the City of Peterborough unitary authority, about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of the city centre. The parish is part of the former Soke of Peterborough, which was considered geographically part of Northamptonshire until in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, it became part of Cambridgeshire.
In the 2001 census the population stood at 413 (188 households) and this has increased to 559 (248 households) in the 2011 census

## History

The village's toponym comes from the Old English Ægeleswurth. The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Eglesworde meaning "an enclosure of a man named Agel".
The common lands of Ailsworth and the neighbouring parish of Castor were not enclosed until 1898.
The old village sign (pictured) celebrating the Golden Jubilee of the local Women's Institute was erected in 1981 on the boundary with the neighbouring village of Castor. A new sign was erected in 2021 and the old sign sold off.
The £9 million dual-carriageway Ailsworth and Castor Bypass, which is part of the A47 road, was opened in September 1991.

## Churches

Ailsworth lies in the ecclesiastical parish of Castor.
There is a Methodist Chapel.

## Amenities

In Ailsworth there is a medical practice, village shop, coffee house, recreation ground and children's play area.
The village does not have a public house with the nearest being The Prince of Wales Feathers and The Royal Oak in neighbouring Castor. The last pub that was open in the village was The Wheatsheaf which is now a private home situated at the end of Peterborough Road.
# Cathedral Gardens

Cathedral Gardens is an open space in Manchester city centre, in North West England. It is bounded by Victoria railway station to the north, Chetham's School of Music to the west, the perimeter of Manchester Cathedral and the Corn Exchange on Fennel Street to the south and Urbis to the east.
Cathedral Gardens comprises wide areas of grassy plots, surrounded by paved walking areas and stylised concrete sitting areas. On the west side, is a short water feature.

## Earliest history

Until the Industrial Revolution, Manchester was little more than a small market town, and the town was centred on the cathedral. The area where Cathedral Gardens now stands was enclosed by small cottages. During the Industrial Revolution Manchester expanded rapidly, and its centre shifted further south. Cathedral Gardens is overlooked by Chetham's Library, where Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote.
After Victoria railway station was built in the 1860s, the site housed travellers, hotels and shops until urban planning in the 1980s, demolished the hotel which faced south on Fennel Street and the Corn Exchange. The site was used as a car park until the regeneration of Manchester city centre.

## Manchester IRA bombing

The Provisional IRA planted bombs on mainland British cities for thirty years. Manchester was targeted in the 1990s, which culminated in the Manchester IRA bombing on 15 June 1996.
The bomb exploded on a Saturday morning while Manchester was hosting the 1996 UEFA European Football Championship and was the largest bombing on British soil. It created devastation for half a mile around the explosion site. The Marks and Spencer store was damaged beyond repair but nobody was killed.

## Regeneration

After the 1996 bombing, the government, granted Manchester City Council several million pounds to redevelop the most damaged sites in the city. After an international competition, several architects were charged with creating an accessible open space linking St Ann’s Square to the cathedral. After the completion of the new Marks and Spencer flagship store (then the largest in the world) and the Urbis gallery, Cathedral Gardens was opened to the public.

## Manchester Arena bombing

At around 22:35 on 22 May 2017 a bombing at the nearby Manchester Arena killed 22 people and injured at least 59.
# Pedro Eugenio Pelletier

General Pedro Eugenio Pelletier was a French-born Dominican military figure who was a leader in the Dominican War of Independence. He stood out in the Battle of Santiago, alongside José María Imbert against the invading Haitian army, led by Jean-Louis Pierrot. He later became involved in the early conspiracies against Pedro Santana, in which he faced persecution and subsequent exile, where he died.

## Biography

In 1844, during the Battle of Santiago, he had a prominent role after the Dominican governing board have called the general José María Imbert, who asked to be accompanied, among others by Pelletier, then Colonel and Chief of the main line. So he had his part in the battle, in which Dominican Republic emerged victorious. He would also gain fame for his participation in the Battle of Beler, fought on 27 October 1845. For his contributions, he reached the rank of general, and was even served as minister of the Interior of Police in 1852.
By 1853, as tensions between Pedro Santana and Buenaventura Báez erupted, Pelletier aligned himself to the latter. Two years later, in 1855, he joined a conspiracy movement to restore power back to Báez. He sought out generals Antonio Duvergé and Francisco del Rosario Sánchez for support in this movement. But unfortunately, the movement was caught, and the conspirators were arrested. In April 1855 Gen. Pelletier and Gen. Joaquín Aybar were arrested, accused of high treason and sentenced to death, for conspiring against President Santana; they were pardoned by President Santana in May 1855. He died in the neighboring island of Puerto Rico in 1861.
# Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District

Cheshmeh Ziarat Rural District (Persian: دهستان چشمه زیارت) is in the Central District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Cheshmeh Khan Mohammad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 21,950 in 4,445 households. There were 22,161 inhabitants in 5,172 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 34,693 in 8,821 households. The most populous of its 773 villages was Mojtame-ye Gavdari, with 4,087 people.

## Villages

* Afzalabad
* Ahmadabad
* Ahmadabad-e Doorban
* Al Gari
* Allahabad Roqani
* Allahdadabad
* Allahdadabad
* Behjatabad
* Bepi
* Bidi
* Boorger
* Cheshmeh Khan Mohammad
* Ebrahimabad
* Eslamabad
* Esmaeelabad, Mirjaveh
* Esmaeelabad, Zahedan
* Haji Baran
* Haji Karamabad
* Hajiabad-e Aval
* Hajiabad-e Poodchah
* Hajiabad Khazneh Golchat
* Hajiabad-e Dovom
* Hajiabad-e Fajr
* Hajiabad-e Aval Vazhdad
* Hassanabad
* Hosseinabad
* Hosseinabad-e Qanat
* Jamaabad-e Haji Noormohammad
* Jigooli
* Khajeh Mask
* Khanehaye Jan Mohammad
* Khajeh Mehrban
* Kheirabad-e Bala
* Mojtame-ye Gavdari
* Palangiabad
* Palangiabad
* Palizi
* Pirchah
* Tavakolabad
* Tavakolabad Hoorshi
# George Rex (politician)

George Rex (July 25, 1817 – March 27, 1879) was a Democratic politician in Wooster in the U.S. State of Ohio who was in the Ohio Senate and was an Ohio Supreme Court Judge 1874–1877.

## Biography

George Rex was born in Canton, Ohio to Jacob and Catherine Rex, members of the Methodist Church who emigrated from Cumberland County, Pennsylvania and settled in Canton in 1815. As a boy, he attended the Lutheran Seminary in Canton for one and one half years, when that school moved to Columbus, Ohio and became Capital University. He studied there for two more years, and returned home the winter of 1833–1834 without graduating. He taught school in Canton, studied law, and was admitted to the bar October 10, 1842.
Rex moved to Wooster, Ohio February 9, 1843, where he practiced law. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County in 1847 and re-elected in 1849. He was elected to represent the 28th district in the Ohio Senate in 1851, and served in the 50th General Assembly in 1852 and 1853. In 1859 and 1861, he was again elected Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County, and appointed to fill a vacancy in that position in 1864. In 1867, he again was elected to the Ohio Senate for the 58th General Assembly of 1868–1869.
On September 11, 1874, Governor Allen appointed Rex to the Ohio Supreme Court, to fill a vacancy when Walter F. Stone resigned. He ran for the remainder of the term that autumn, and defeated Republican William Wartenbee Johnson. His term on the bench expired February 9, 1877. Rex refused re-nomination in the fall of 1876, and returned to Wooster and his private practice.
Rex was married to Ella J. McCurdy of Wooster on May 24, 1853. They raised one child, a daughter. Rex was a Freemason. He was a member of the Ebenezer Lodge and the Wooster Chapter of the Ancient Order of Freemasonry. As a Freemason, he served the Grand Lodge of Ohio as Grand Master in 1861 and 1862.
George Rex died at Wooster on March 27, 1879, or March 26. He was buried at Kime's Corner Cemetery, a family cemetery in Congress Township, Wayne County, Ohio. Another source says he was buried at Wooster Cemetery, section 9, lot 252, with Masonic honors.
# Cecil Clementi Smith

Sir Cecil Clementi Smith GCMG PC (23 December 1840 – 6 February 1916), was a British colonial administrator.

## Background

The son of an Essex rector, John Smith, and his wife Cecilia Susanna Clementi (daughter of Muzio Clementi), Cecil Clementi Smith received his education at St Paul's School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. In 1864 he began his civil service career as a cadet interpreter in Hong Kong, learning much about the Chinese culture and gradually became an accomplished scholar of the Chinese culture. He was also the Colonial Treasurer of Hong Kong.

## Civil Service

On 3 September 1878, Clementi Smith took office in Singapore as a Colonial Secretary in the Straits Settlements, and understudied Governor Frederick Weld. His knowledge of Chinese culture and competence in the language proved useful as he was able to communicate effectively with leaders of the growing Chinese community.
Smith became known for his effective work in quelling Chinese secret societies in the Straits Settlements, such as those in Singapore which had been terrorising locals for decades. He also established the Queen's Scholarships in 1889 to fund bright Singaporean students to further their studies in top British universities.
In 1887 he was appointed Governor of the Straits Settlements and High Commissioner to Malaya till 1893. A popular governor, the local Chinese community petitioned for a continuation of his appointment when he left Singapore in 1893.
Subsequently, he was Lieutenant Governor of Ceylon, and the Master of the Mercers' Company in 1897. He was president of the commission of inquiry on the Trinidad riots in 1903, and was chief British delegate to International Opium Convention at The Hague in 1912.

## Family

Clementi Smith married Teresa Alice Newcomen; they had three sons and four daughters. Clementi Smith died in Welwyn, Hertfordshire, England, on 6 February 1916, aged 75. His nephew was Sir Cecil Clementi who also served as Governor of the Straits Settlements and in other administrative positions in Hong Kong and Singapore.

## Honours and awards

Clementi Smith was invested with Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1880, Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1886 and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in 1892.
He was also appointed as Privy Counsellor in 1906.
# Theon Cross

Theon Cross is a British tuba player and composer.

## Life and career

Born and raised in London, England, to a Jamaican father and Saint Lucian mother, he began taking tenor horn lessons at the age of eight, then switched to tuba when he was in his mid-teens, discovering jazz through the Tomorrow's Warriors music education programme. He studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.
Cross is a core member of the jazz band Sons of Kemet. He has also worked with Moses Boyd and Nubya Garcia in his solo projects. Other collaborators include Jon Batiste, Emeli Sandé, Kano, Lafawndah and Makaya McCraven.
His solo releases include the 2015 EP Aspirations and the 2019 studio album, Fyah. On 29 October 2021, Cross released his sophomore studio album Intra-I.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Details |
| Fyah | Released: 15 February 2019 Label: Gearbox Records Formats: LP, CD, digital download, streaming |
| Intra-I | Released: 29 October 2021 Label: New Soil Records Formats: LP, CD, digital download, streaming |

### Extended plays

* Aspirations (2015)

### Collaborative albums

| Title | Details |
| Lest We Forget What We Came Here to Do (as part of Sons of Kemet) | Released: 25 September 2015 Label: Naim Formats: LP, CD, digital download, streaming |
| Your Queen Is a Reptile (as part of Sons of Kemet) | Released: 30 March 2018 Label: Impulse! Formats: LP, CD, digital download, streaming |
| Black to the Future (as part of Sons of Kemet) | Released: 14 May 2021 Label: Impulse! Formats: LP, CD, digital download, streaming |
| Five Fruit (as part of Steam Down) | Released: 24 September 2021 Label: Decca Formats: LP, CD, digital download, streaming |
| London Brew (as part of London Brew) | Released: 31 March 2023 Label: Concord Jazz |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| "Forward Progression II" | 2021 | Intra-I |
| "The Spiral" (featuring Afronaut Zu and Ahnansé) | 2021 | Intra-I |
| "We Go Again" | 2021 | Intra-I |
# Illinois Route 154

Illinois Route 154 is an east–west state road in southern Illinois. It runs from Illinois Route 3 in Red Bud to Illinois Route 37 in Whittington. This is a distance of 63.63 miles (102.40 km).

## Route description

Illinois 154 is the main east–west road through Pinckneyville. Just before intersecting Interstate 57 on the eastern end, it bridges Rend Lake. Illinois 154 has overlaps Illinois Route 13 and Illinois Route 148.

## History

SBI Route 154 originally ran from Pinckneyville to U.S. Route 51 north of Sunfield. In 1937 it was extended west to Red Bud, replacing Illinois Route 170 and Illinois Route 13 in the process. In 1984, Illinois 154 was extended east on a new road over Rend Lake, replacing IL 183. The original 1926 routing of Illinois 183 is most likely underwater.

## Major Intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Randolph | Red Bud | 0.0 | 0.0 | IL 3 (Market Street) / IL 159 north (Main Street) / Great River Road – East St. Louis, Chester, Belleville | Western terminus of IL 154; southern terminus of IL 159 |
| Randolph | Sparta | 17.8 | 28.6 | IL 4 (Market Street) – Mascoutah, Steeleville | |
| Randolph | ​ | 19.7 | 31.7 | IL 153 north – Coulterville | Southern terminus of IL 153 |
| Perry | ​ | 26.9 | 43.3 | IL 150 west – Cutler | Eastern terminus of IL 150 |
| Perry | Pinckneyville | 35.8 | 57.6 | IL 13 west – Belleville | West end of IL 13 concurrency |
| Perry | Pinckneyville | 36.7 | 59.1 | IL 13 east / IL 127 (Main Street) – Murphysboro, Nashville | East end of IL 13 concurrency |
| Perry | ​ | 44.4 | 71.5 | US 51 – Centralia, Du Quoin | |
| Franklin | Sesser | 54.6 | 87.9 | IL 148 south (Park Street) | West end of IL 148 concurrency |
| Franklin | Sesser | 55.3 | 89.0 | IL 148 (Park Street) | East end of IL 148 concurrency |
| Franklin | ​ | 63.0 | 101.4 | I-57 – Mt. Vernon, Cairo | I-57 exit 77 |
| Franklin | ​ | 63.63 | 102.40 | IL 37 – Whittington, Mt. Vernon, Benton | Eastern terminus of IL 154 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# New York State Route 423

New York State Route 423 (NY 423) is an east–west state highway located within the town of Stillwater in Saratoga County, New York, in the United States. It extends for 3.86 miles (6.21 km) from an intersection with NY 9P on the eastern shore of Saratoga Lake in the hamlet of Snake Hill to a junction with NY 32 southwest of Saratoga National Historic Park. The road was acquired by the state of New York in the early 1920s and designated as NY 423 in the early 1930s.

## Route description

NY 423 begins at a junction with NY 9P in the hamlet of Snake Hill, located on the eastern shores of Saratoga Lake in the town of Stillwater. The route proceeds southeastward as a two-lane highway, winding its way past a handful of homes built on the side of a valley surrounding the lake. The residential surroundings begin to taper off at the top of the valley's edge, where NY 423 meets the south end of County Route 70 (CR 70). From here, the highway turns slightly eastward, passing through a wooded, marshy area surrounding a small creek.
Past the marsh, NY 423 leaves the woods for a 2-mile (3.2 km) stretch of mostly open fields and a small number of isolated homes. It intersects several roads of local importance, including the northern terminus of CR 75, before it connects to NY 32 at an intersection adjacent to several farms. NY 423 ends here; however, its right-of-way continues east toward Bemis Heights as part of NY 32. Both directions of NY 32 lead to Saratoga National Historical Park, located just to the northeast of NY 423's eastern terminus.

## History

The east–west highway connecting Saratoga Lake to Saratoga National Historical Park was constructed at some point prior to the end of the 19th century. It was originally split into two sections linked by a short north–south piece of what is now CR 70. The road between Saratoga Lake and the historic site was taken over by the state of New York in the early 1920s, and the two intersections with modern CR 70 were reduced to a single junction by 1929 after a new direct connection was built between the two formerly separate east–west segments. In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, state route designations were assigned to hundreds of state-maintained highways that were unnumbered at the time. NY 423 was assigned to the state road leading east from Saratoga Lake by the following year.
NY 32 originally cut through the grounds of Saratoga National Historical Park, following a direct route between Bemis Heights and the northern park boundary. As a result, NY 423 initially continued east for another 1 mile (1.6 km) along what is now NY 32 in order to reach the north–south route. A new highway bypassing the park to the west was completed c. 1963, connecting NY 423 to NY 32 north of the park limits. The new road became a realignment of NY 32 while NY 423 was truncated to its current length.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Stillwater, Saratoga County.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | NY 9P | Western terminus |
| 3.86 | 6.21 | NY 32 – Bemis Heights, Schuylerville | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Rosedale, Austin, Texas

The Rosedale neighborhood is located in north central Austin, Texas. The neighborhood is bordered by on 38th Street to the south, Shoal Creek to the west, North Loop / Hancock Drive to the north, and Lamar Boulevard to the east
Ramsey Park is located in the middle of the neighborhood, and has a swimming pool, tennis courts, a baseball diamond, a basketball court, playgrounds, and picnic areas. There are over 1200 homes in the area, a variety of businesses within walking distance, and a network of medical services close by(including Seton Hospital, and ATX Orthopedics).
Rosedale was first developed as farm and dairy land in the 1860s. In the 1900s, four florists and nurseries were based in the area; much of the nursery stock planted during that time remains.
Many of the homes in the Rosedale area were built during the 1930s and 1940s; since then, many have been added onto and many new homes have been built.
Chili's at 45th and Lamar, which has been the subject of internet memes since at least 2011, is at the eastern most point of Rosedale.
Rosedale is located within City Council Districts 7 and 10.