OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benin–Nigeria border

The Benin–Nigeria border is 809 km (503 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Niger in the north down to the Bight of Benin in the south.

## Description

The border starts in the north at the tripoint with Niger in the Niger River and then proceeds in a roughly south-to-southwesterly direction overland, before reaching the Okpara River just east of Waria. The border then proceeds to the south, utilising the Okpara for circa 100 miles, various small streams, and several overland sections, before terminating at the Bight of Benin.

## History

During the second half of the 19th century France began creating small trading settlements on the West African coast. In 1851 a treaty of friendship was signed between France and the Kingdom of Dahomey in what is now southern Benin, followed by the creation of a protectorate in Porto Novo in 1863. The colony of Dahomey (the former name of Benin) was declared in 1894 and was later included within the much larger federal colony of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF) in 1899. Meanwhile, Britain had (via the Royal Niger Company) administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate (Calabar are the surrounding area) since 1884. As Britain expanded into the interior, two colonies were created - the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. In 1900 the administration of these areas was transferred to the British government, with the Northern and Southern (including Lagos and Calabar) protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914.
A rough delimitation between the two territories as far north as the 9th parallel had been negotiated on 10 August 1889; this was further clarified in more detail via an agreement of 12 October 1896. An Anglo-French treaty of 14 June 1898 confirmed this border, and extended it northwards up to the river Niger. This border was confirmed by a treaty of 19 October 1906, with some minor changes made in 1912 following on-the-ground demarcation which were later finalised officially via an exchange of notes in 1914. The section between the Atlantic and the Okpara river was marked on the ground by 142 concrete beacons, the boundary being formed by a straight line between them.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, Britain and France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their African colonies. Dahomey declared full independence on 1 August 1960, followed by Nigeria on 1 October 1960, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two states.
By 2004-05 many of the boundary markers from the original demarcation were missing, prompting Benin and Nigeria to re-demarcate some sections of the border.

## Settlements near the border
### Benin

* Mandécali
* Segbana
* Néganzi
* Basso
* Waria
* Adékambi
* Pobè
* Porto-Novo

### Nigeria

* Bani
* Samia
* Swate
* Babana
* Yashikera
* Suya
* Orieke
# 1963 Purdue Boilermakers football team

The 1963 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1963 Big Ten Conference football season. In their eighth season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 5–4 record, finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4–3 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 149 to 119.
Notable players from the 1963 Purdue football team included quarterback Ron DiGravio and end Bob Hadrick.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | at Miami (FL)* | Miami Orange BowlMiami, FL | L 0–3 | 46,823 |
| October 5 | Notre Dame* | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN (rivalry) | W 7–6 | 51,723 |
| October 12 | at No. 5 Wisconsin | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | L 20–38 | 61,415 |
| October 19 | at Michigan | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI | W 23–12 | 45,557 |
| October 26 | Iowa | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | W 14–0 | 47,951 |
| November 2 | at No. 2 Illinois | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (rivalry) | L 21–41 | 61,796 |
| November 9 | No. 9 Michigan State | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | L 0–23 | 45,137 |
| November 16 | Minnesota | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | W 13–11 | 38,924 |
| November 30 | at Indiana | Memorial StadiumBloomington, IN (Old Oaken Bucket) | W 21–15 | 33,987 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## Roster

* Don Brooks, WR
* Sal Ciampi, OL
* Richard E. Dauch, RB
* Ron DiGravio, QB
* Gene Donaldson, RB
* Henry Dudgeon, OL
* Ken Eby, QB
* Dave Ellison, WR
* Wally Florence, OL
* Clarence Foster, RB
* Tom Fugate, RB
* Jim Garcia, OL
* Bob Hadrick, WR
* Jim Hales, OL
* Gary Hogan, QB
* Doug Holcomb, QB
* Bob Hopp, OL
* Larry Kaminski, OL
* John Kuzniewski, RB
* Bob Lake, OL
* Terry Marcoline, RB
* Randy Minniear, RB
* Jim Morel, RB
* Russ Pfahler, RB
* Bill Roach, WR
* Jerry Shay, OL
* Bob Smith, WR
* Gordon Teter, RB
* Harold Wells, OL
* Len Zdanowicz, RB
# 1904 Princeton Tigers football team

The 1904 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1904 college football season. The team finished with an 8–2 record under second-year head coach Art Hillebrand and outscored its opponents by a total of 181 to 34. Princeton tackle James Cooney was selected as a consensus first-team honoree on the 1904 College Football All-America Team.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 28 | Dickinson | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | W 12–0 |
| October 1 | Georgetown | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | W 10–0 |
| October 5 | Wesleyan | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | W 39–0 |
| October 8 | Washington & Jefferson | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | W 16–0 |
| October 12 | Lafayette | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | W 5–0 |
| October 15 | at Navy | Worden FieldAnnapolis, MD | L 9–10 |
| October 26 | Lehigh | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | W 60–0 |
| October 29 | at Cornell | Percy FieldIthaca, NY | W 18–6 |
| November 5 | at Army | The PlainWest Point, NY | W 12–6 |
| November 12 | Yale | University FieldPrinceton, NJ (rivalry) | L 0–12 |
# 1904 Lehigh Brown and White football team

The 1904 Lehigh Brown and White football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University as an independent during the 1904 college football season. In its third season under head coach Samuel B. Newton, the team compiled a 1–8 record and outscored opponents by a total of 236 to 52.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | Albright | South Bethlehem, PA | W 37–0 | |
| October 1 | Swarthmore | South Bethlehem, PA | L 0–20 | |
| October 8 | at Penn | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 0–24 | 7,000 |
| October 15 | Haverford | South Bethlehem, PA | L 0–6 | |
| October 26 | at Princeton | University FieldPrinceton, NJ | L 0–60 | |
| October 29 | Dickinson | Lehigh FieldSouth Bethlehem, PA | L 0–6 | |
| November 5 | at Cornell | Percy FieldIthaca, NY | L 5–50 | |
| November 12 | at Syracuse | Syracuse, NY | L 4–30 | |
| November 24 | at Lafayette | March FieldEaston, PA (rivalry) | L 6–40 | |
# Happy Birthday, Wanda June

Happy Birthday, Wanda June is a 1971 American comedy-drama film directed by Mark Robson, based on a 1970 play by Kurt Vonnegut.

## Plot

The opening of this play is "This is a simple-minded play about men who enjoy killing, and those who don't."
Big-game hunter and war hero Harold Ryan returns home to America, after having been presumed dead for several years. During the war, he killed over 200 men and women, and countless more animals — for sport. He was in the Amazon Rainforest hunting for diamonds with Colonel Looseleaf Harper, a slow-witted aviation hero, who had the unhappy task of dropping the atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Harold finds that his wife Penelope has developed relationships with men very much unlike himself, including a vacuum cleaner salesman called Shuttle and a hippie doctor called Dr. Woodly, who later becomes Ryan's foe. He also finds that his son, Paul, has been pampered and grown unmanly. Set in 1960s America, Ryan feels the country has become weak, all the heroes have been replaced by intolerable pacifists, and that in postwar America, no proper enemy is available for him to vanquish.
Wanda June is a young girl who died before she could celebrate her birthday, having been run over by an ice cream truck. She is very pleased with her situation in Heaven, and feels that dying is a good thing: in Heaven, everyone loves the person who sent them there. Her birthday cake was subsequently purchased by one of Penelope's lovers, for a celebration of Ryan's birthday in his absence. Wanda June and several other deceased connections to Ryan (including his ex-wife Mildred who drank herself to death because she could not stand Harold's premature ejaculation, and Major Siegfried von Konigswald, the Beast of Yugoslavia, Ryan's most infamous victim) speak to the audience from Heaven, where Jesus, Judas Iscariot, Adolf Hitler, and Albert Einstein are happily playing shuffleboard.

## Cast

* Rod Steiger as Harold Ryan
* Susannah York as Penelope Ryan
* George Grizzard as Dr. Norbert Woodley
* Don Murray as Herb Shuttle
* William Hickey as Looseleaf Harper
* Steven Paul as Paul Ryan
* Pamelyn Ferdin as Wanda June
* Pamela Saunders as Mildred Ryan
* Louis Turenne as Major von Koningswald

## Productions and adaptations

Happy Birthday, Wanda June originated as a play titled Penelope, first performed at the Orleans Arena Theater in Orleans, Massachusetts. An interview with Vonnegut about the premiere of his play at the Arena Theatre is part of the film about the Arena entitled "Stagestruck: Confessions from Summer Stock Theatre", available on PBS.
Vonnegut and composer Richard Auldon Clark collaborated on an opera adaptation which was debuted at Butler University in 2016, nine years after Vonnegut's death.
The Gene Frankel Theater staged an Off-Off-Broadway revival in April 2018, directed by Jeff Wise and featuring Jason O'Connell, Kate MacCluggage, and Matt Harrington. and a later off-Broadway revival, in November 2018, with the same performers, by the Wheelhouse Theater Company, at The Duke on 42nd Street.
# "Centrolene" quindianum

"Centrolene" quindianum is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to the Andes of Colombia and is considered a threatened species due to habitat destruction. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. "C." quindianum is known to have two types of calls, one composed of only two notes and the other composed of three to five notes with its most frequently used one being the former.
# Marianne Wellesley, Marchioness Wellesley

Marianne Wellesley, Marchioness Wellesley (née Caton, formerly Patterson; 1788 – 17 December 1853) was the American second wife of Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, a brother of the Duke of Wellington.

## Early life

She originated from Baltimore, Maryland, where her father, Richard Caton, was a merchant. The family was Roman Catholic, and Marianne's mother, Mary, was the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton (died 1832), the last surviving signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence.

## Personal life

Marianne first married Robert Patterson, whose sister Elizabeth (died 1879) was the first wife of Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother. The Pattersons (originally spelled Paterson) were wealthy neighbours of the Catons in Baltimore. The couple came to Europe for the benefit of Marianne's health, bringing with them two of Marianne's sisters. One sister, Louisa, married a baronet, Sir Felton Hervey-Bathurst, in 1813, and after his death married Francis D'Arcy-Osborne, Marquess of Carmarthen, later 7th Duke of Leeds. Another Caton sister, Elizabeth, married George Stafford-Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford, as his second wife.

### Second marriage

On 29 October 1825 in Dublin, following the death of her husband in 1822, she married Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley, then the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (since 1821), whose first wife died in 1816, so she became the Vicereine until 1828. Prior to their marriage, they may already have been lovers. The marquess was short of money and Marianne's inheritance may have been part of the reason for his proposal. Her family disapproved of the marriage because of Wellesley's reputation and his several children by his first wife, Hyacinthe-Gabrielle Roland.
The marchioness's portrait was painted by Christina Robertson; an engraving by Thomas Anthony Dean is held by the National Portrait Gallery, London. She was also the subject of an unfinished portrait by Thomas Lawrence.
In 1830, the marchioness was appointed a Lady of the Bedchamber to Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, the queen of William IV of the United Kingdom, and held the position until King William's death in 1837.
She died on 17 December 1853, aged 65, at Hampton Court Palace, and was buried at Costessey, Norfolk, home of her sister, Lady Stafford.
# Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration

Launched in October 2003, the Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration (HQID) pay-for-performance project was designed to determine if economic incentives to hospitals were effective at improving the quality of inpatient care. Approximately 250 hospitals—small/large, urban/rural, teaching/non-teaching facilities—across 36 U.S. states participated in the demonstration.

## Results

Over the first three years of the project (2003–2006), participating hospitals raised overall quality by an average of 15.8 percent based on their delivery of 30 nationally standardized and widely accepted care measures to patients in these five clinical areas:
* acute myocardial infarction (AMI/heart attack)
* coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
* heart failure (HF)
* pneumonia (PN)
* hip and knee replacement (HK)
Additional research using the Hospital Compare dataset for April 2006 to March 2007 showed that HQID participants scored on average 7.48 percentage points higher (91.49 percent to 84.01 percent) than non-participants when evaluating 19 common Hospital Compare measures.
# Vorderwald

The Vorderwald (German: Vorderwälder Rind, pronounced) is a cattle breed originating from the Black Forest (Germany).

## History

The so-called "Wald Cattle" (Wäldervieh) were mentioned for the first time in 1544. The Vorderwälder (literally "from the frontwoods") adopted its name when they were distinguished from their somewhat smaller sister breed, the Hinterwälder (literally "from the backwoods"). A herdbook was established in 1896. After 1960, there was some crossbreeding with Ayrshire cattle.

## Characteristics

They are reputed to be long-lived with strong legs and feet allowing them to graze on the mountains. The head and legs are generally white and the body has red, brown or even black patches or spots. They have forward curving horns. Cows are typically 135 cm tall at the withers and weigh about 600 kg. Bulls are typically 150 cm tall at the withers and weigh about 1050 kg.

## Population

In 2004 there were 4826 females in the herd book with numbers slowly declining.
# São Francisco black tyrant

The São Francisco black tyrant (Knipolegus franciscanus), also known as Caatinga black tyrant or Brazilian black tyrant, is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is endemic to Brazil. It has often been considered a subspecies of the larger white-winged black tyrant (K. aterrimus).
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Wheal Owles

Wheal Owles (Cornish: Hwel Als) was a tin mine in the parish of St Just in Cornwall, UK and the site of a disaster in 1893 when twenty miners lost their lives. Since 2006 it has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site – Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape. The mine is within the Aire Point to Carrick Du Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and the South West Coast Path passes along the cliff.

## History

The mine was commenced by John Boyns, in circa 1830 on earlier workings, with Wheal Boys first opened, and shortly after the Growse. Water was drained from old workings by a steam engine but little ore was found and it was some years before a profit was made. In 1836, 131 people were employed there, 110 men and 21 women. Driving eastwards, towards the Botallack Mine, the Cercendrey and Cargotha lodes were intersected and a large amount of tin was raised. Wheal Boys also eventually produced a large amount of tin. At one time the mine employed around 500 people and is over 200 fathoms (1,200 ft; 370 m) deep. At a general meeting of the shareholders on 8 March 1884 it was decided to close the older part of the mine and to carry on mining the cliff part of the mine. Over 100 tons of ore was processed each month but due to the low price of tin the mine was making a loss.
On 10 January 1893 the miners broke through into the flooded workings of the neighbouring Wheal Drea. As water rushed into Wheal Owles the air blasted through the mine blowing out the lights and leaving the miners in darkness. Those working in the upper levels survived but nineteen men and a boy lost their lives. Their bodies were never recovered.
"... a terrible roar was heard, followed by a rush of wind, which blew out all the lights. Knowing that something had gone wrong in the mine, the men made for the ladders, and soon found out it was a case of hurry and strain every nerve for life or death. In the dark they did their best to gain the surface, some at times being completely torn away from the ladders by the tremendous currents of water and wind.... In about an hour and a half that huge space was completely full."
Wheal Owles mine had been flooded by waters from Boscean mine which had broken into Wheal Drea.
"The result is that the immense pool of water now stretched through, practically, three mines and is a mile-and-a-half in length - almost from the sea to beneath the Wesleyan Chapel at St Just Church-town."

## In Media

The Wheal Owles mine was used as a filming location for many scenes in the popular 2015 TV show Poldark, in which the Wheal Owles mine depicts a fictional copper mine called Wheal Leisure, owned by main character Ross Poldark.
# Jim MacLaren

James E. MacLaren (April 13, 1963 – August 31, 2010) was a motivational speaker and author, noted for his record-breaking performances in the marathon and Ironman triathlon after having his left leg amputated below the knee.
MacLaren was born on 13 April 1963. He was a standout athlete in football and lacrosse at Yale University. Even before attending Yale, he was a leading athlete at Vermont Academy. In 1985, at the age of 22, MacLaren lost his left leg below the knee in a motorcycle accident, and required defibrillation. He recovered, and went on to run a marathon in 3 hours and 16 minutes, and to finish the Ironman Hawaii in 10 hours and 42 minutes.
In 1993, during the Orange County Triathlon, MacLaren was struck by a van during the bike portion of the race and collided with a signpost, rendering him a quadriplegic.
MacLaren's accident inspired members of the running community to raise funds to allow him to purchase a van he could drive with his hands. The fundraising efforts exceeded the necessary amount, leading to the establishment of the Challenged Athletes Foundation to support other disabled athletes.
Once again, MacLaren recovered, and used a wheelchair. He later worked as a motivational speaker and author.
He was awarded the Arthur Ashe Courage Award at the 2005 ESPY Awards presentation. He died on August 31, 2010, in his sleep.
# Brooklyn Tip-Tops

The Brooklyn Tip-Tops were a team in the short-lived Federal League of professional baseball from 1914 to 1915. The team's name came from Tip Top Bread, a product of Ward Baking Company, which was also owned by team owner Robert Ward. They were sometimes informally called the Brooklyn Feds or BrookFeds due to being the Brooklyn team of the Federal League. They played in Washington Park, which the Brooklyn Dodgers had abandoned after the 1912 season to move to Ebbets Field.

## History

The team finished a disappointing 4th in 1914. Federal League officials believed it was important to have a successful franchise in the New York City area and when the Indianapolis Hoosiers were transitioned to Newark, New Jersey, the "Federal League Ty Cobb", as 1914 FL batting champ Benny Kauff was known, was placed on the Brooklyn roster. In 1915, Kauff led the league with a .342 batting average and 55 stolen bases, but the Tip-Tops still finished in seventh place. The Newark and Brooklyn FL teams played three holiday doubleheaders during the 1915 season where one game was in Newark and the second was in Brooklyn.
On September 19, 1914, Tip-Top Ed Lafitte threw the only no-hitter in Federal League history, beating the Kansas City Packers 6–2.
Had the Federal League (FL) lasted just one more season, night baseball might have been introduced two decades earlier. The Tip Tops had announced plans for the 1916 season to play some games at night.
# Battle of Rhyd Y Groes

The Battle of Rhyd Y Groes was fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Gwynedd in 1039. The battle resulted in a victory for Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and the death of Edwin son of Leofwine.
In 1039, Gruffydd seized the throne of Gwynedd after killing King Iago ap Idwal. This alarmed Gruffydd's Anglo-Saxon neighbours who after the death of King Idwal, had lost a friendly ally and been left with a dangerous new ruler on their border. To oppose Gruffydd, an English army was assembled under command of Edwin son of Leofwine, the brother of Leofric, Earl of Mercia. Gruffydd led his force to the River Severn and ambushed the English army, killing many including Edwin. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "The Welsh killed Edwin, Earl Leofric [of Mercia]'s brother, and Thorkil and Ælfgeat and very many good men with them". The battle was a resounding victory for the Welsh, securing Gruffydd's eastern flank against English interference. It allowed for Gruffydd to turn south, eventually re-establishing the authority that his father Llywelyn ap Seisyll had held over South Wales.
# Tessa Testicle

Tessa Testicle is the stage name of Lorenzo Ciciro, a Swiss drag performer who competed on Drag Race Germany and RuPaul's Drag Race Global All Stars.

## Career

Tessa Testicle competed on the first season of Drag Race Germany at the age of 25. She placed in the bottom of three challenges, and eighth overall.

## Personal life

Ciciro is from Basel and has studied fashion design. He creates content on OnlyFans. He is multilingual, and speaks English, Italian, French, German, and Swiss German.

## Filmography

* Drag Race Germany (2023) - 8th place
* RuPaul's Drag Race Global All Stars (2024) - 5th place