OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sternohyoid muscle

The sternohyoid muscle is a bilaterally paired, long, thin, narrow strap muscle of the anterior neck. It is one of the infrahyoid muscles. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. It acts to depress the hyoid bone.
The sternohyoid muscle is a flat muscle located on both sides of the neck, part of the infrahyoid muscle group. It originates from the medial edge of the clavicle, sternoclavicular ligament, and posterior side of the manubrium, and ascends to attach to the body of the hyoid bone. The sternohyoid muscle, along with other infrahyoid muscles, functions to depress the hyoid bone, which is important for activities such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Additionally, this muscle group contributes to the protection of the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, and thyroid gland. The sternohyoid muscle also plays a minor role in head movements.

## Structure

The sternohyoid muscle is one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles.
The muscle is directed superomedially from its origin to its insertion. The two muscles are separated by a considerable interval inferiorly, but usually converge by their mid-point and remain proximal until their superior insertion.

### Origin

It arises from the posterior aspect of the medial end (sternal extremity of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and (the superoposterior portion of) the manubrium of sternum.
It inserts onto the inferior border of the body of hyoid bone.

### Nerve supply

The sternohyoid muscle receives motor innervation from branches of the ansa cervicalis (which are ultimately derived from cervical spinal nerves C1-C3).

### Relations

The muscle is situated lateral to the trachea.

### Variations

The muscle may be absent, doubled, exhibit a clavicular slip (the cleidohyoideus), or interrupted by a tendinous intersection; it sometimes presents a transverse tendinous inscription just distal to its origin.

### Actions/movements

The muscle depresses the hyoid bone when the bone is in an elevated position.

## Function

The sternohyoid muscle performs a number of functions:
* aids in speech (it is primarily involved in modulation with speech volume rather than intonation).
* contributes to movements of the head and neck.

## Additional images

* Posterior surface of sternum.
* Left clavicle. Inferior surface.
* Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
* Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.
* Posterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages, showing Transversus thoracis.
* The fascia and middle thyroid veins. The veins here designated the inferior thyroid are called by Kocher the thyroidea ima.
* Sternohyoid muscle
* Sternohyoid muscle
* Sternohyoid muscle
* Sternohyoid muscle - lateral view
* Sternohyoid muscle - right view
* Sternohyoid muscle
* Muscles, nerves and arteries of neck.Deep dissection. Anterior view.
# Chezidek

Chezidek (born Desbert Johnson; 1973) is a Jamaican roots reggae singer. He is known for his hit singles, "Call Pon Dem" (featured in Grand Theft Auto IV), "Can't Hear Must Feel", "Inna Di Road", and "Leave De Trees".

## Biography

Chezidek started singing from an early age at school concerts, and was a member of St. Ann's Bay Marching Band. After finishing school he performed on sound systems in the area, as Chilla Rinch, singing and DJing at various dance and talent shows.
He left St. Ann's Bay for Kingston where he linked up with record producer Philip "Fatis" Burrell from Xterminator Production. He recorded his first album in 2002, entitled Harvest Time (distributed by VP Records), with popular tracks such as "Can't Hear Must Feel", "Breakfree" and the title track "Harvest Time".
His first number one hit single "Leave De Trees" on the Our Promotion label, produced by Hugh Miller (aka Bunny Dan) went on BBC Top 10 dancehall chart. Since then he has performed on major events such as Magnum Sting, Teen Splash, Dancehall Jam Jam, Bob Marley Tribute, and Tribute to Peter Tosh, Rebel Salute and Western Consciousness. He was awarded best new artiste by the Jamaica Federation of Music and Affiliated Artiste (JFM) for Middlesex (County).
Chezidek's album Inna Di Road was produced by Bobby "Massive B" Konders and distributed by Greensleeves Records in September 2007. "Call Pon Dem" as well as covers of "Mi Nah Run" from his album Inna Di Road is featured on the fictional radio station Massive B Sound system in Grand Theft Auto IV.

## Discography

Harvest Time (album)
* Released: 16 July 2002
* Format: CD $_{(CatalogVP2188.2)}$, LP $_{(CatalogVP2188.1)}$
* Label: VP Records
* Producer: Phillip "Fattis" Burell
* Tracks: Eleven
* Singles: "Breakfree", "Can't Hear Must Feel", "Harvest Time"
Rising Sun (album)
* Released: 29 March 2005
* Format: CD $_{(CatalogVP2259.2)}$, LP $_{(CatalogVP2259.1)}$
* Label: VP Records
* Producer: Phillip "Fattis" Burell
* Tracks: Fourteen
* Singles: "Inna Love"
Mash Dem Down (album)
* Released: 18 August 2006
* Format: CD $_{(CatalogALTA002.2)}$, 2-LP Set $_{(CatalogALTA002.1)}$
* Label: Al.Ta.Fa.An
* Producer: Soljie Hamilton
* Tracks: Fourteen
* Singles: "Mash Dem Down"
Firm Up Yourself (album)
* Released: 5 June 2007
* Format: CD $_{(CatalogCOUD0006.2)}$, LP $_{(CatalogCOUD0006.1)}$
* Label: Cousins Records
* Tracks: Fourteen
Inna Di Road (album)
* Released: 11 September 2007
* Format: CD $_{(CatalogGREL300.2)}$, LP $_{(CatalogGREL300.1)}$
* Label: Greensleeves Records
* Producer: Bobby "Massive B" Konders
* Tracks: Fourteen
* Bonus tracks: Two (Music Videos – "Inna Di Road", "Call Pon Dem") on (enhanced) CD
* Singles: "Call Pon Dem", "Inna Di Road", "Leave The Trees", "Mi Nah Run"
Judgement Time (album)
* Released: 4 June 2010
* Label: Heartbeat Europ (SunnyMoon)
* Tracks: Seventeen
# Vellarikaiurani

Vellarikaiurani is a small village situated near Nazareth in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu, India.
There are about 250 families are living in this village. The village is primarily home to people from Devar community. There is a Devar statue recently installed in this village. A new road from Nazareth to this village crossing over Puthukulam has improved the connectivity of this village (especially during the rainy season).
* This article related to a location in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Florence MacMoyer

Florence MacMoyer (Irish:Flaithrí Mac an Mhaoir ; fl. 1662 – 12 February 1713), a native of Ballymoyer, County Armagh, Ireland was the last hereditary keeper of the Book of Armagh, a 9th-century Irish manuscript written mainly in Latin. The document is valuable for containing early texts relating to St Patrick and some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish, and for being one of the earliest manuscripts produced by an insular church to contain a near complete copy of the New Testament.

## Life

The MacMoyer family had lived at Ballymacmoyer since the 14th century. Florence was born at Ballymyre and became a schoolteacher.
He pawned the book for five pounds. He used this money to travel to London to give evidence at the trial of Archbishop of Armagh, Oliver Plunkett, with his cousin, Friar John MacMoyer.
Florence MacMoyer was imprisoned for some time after his return to Ireland, and was unable to reclaim the Book of Armagh. He died in 1713 and was buried in Ballymoyer Old Graveyard. A headstone marking his grave was later moved into Ballymoyer House.

## Book of Armagh

A Compendium of Irish Biography relates:
   "This precious relic was in MacMoyer's care on 29th June 1662, as appears from an entry on the reverse of the 104th leaf. MacMoyer was one of the witnesses against Archbishop Plunket in London in 1681. Previously he had pawned the volume for £5. He died, 12th February 1713, and was buried at Ballymoyer.
   On account of his connexion with Archbishop Plunket's death, his memory is held in the greatest abhorrence by the country people, who believed, until a recent period, that he was annually cursed by the Pope. After passing through various hands, the Book of Armagh came in 1858, by the care of the Rev. William Reeves, and the munificence of the then Lord Primate, into the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The particulars of the life of John Moyers, given in his evidence against Archbishop Plunket, do not exactly correspond with those generally given of MacMoyer, the hereditary keeper, so that they may have been different persons, and Florence MacMoyer may have given his evidence privately."
# Gerda Madsen

Gerda Madsen (4 January 1902 – 26 July 1986) was a Danish film actress. She appeared in 26 films between 1921 and 1982. She was born and died in Denmark.

## Selected filmography

* Häxan (1922)
* Kispus (1956)
* Be Dear to Me (1957)
* Skibet er ladet med (1960)
* Don Olsen kommer til byen (1964)
* Der var engang (1966)
# Nightmare on Providence Street

Nightmare on Providence Street is the second and last studio album of the Canadian deathcore band Blind Witness. Produced by Michael Rashmawi and released on March 9, 2010 (2010-03-09) through Mediaskare Records, it was well received by critics. A music video was made for "Baby One More Notch".

## Reception

In 2020, critic Dave Griffiths wrote about Nightmare on Providence Street: "Filled with infuriated lyrics, punchy down picked guitar riffs and insanely fast drumming, this sophomore effort pleased both critics and fans of the genre alike and is still creating ripples 10 years after its release."

## Track list

All lyrics are written by Jonathan Cabana except where noted

## Credits

Production and performance credits are adapted from the album liner notes.
Blind Witness
* Jonathan Cabana – vocals
* Maxime Lacroix – guitars
* Jon Campbell – guitars
* Miguel Lepage – bass
* Eric Morotti – drums
Guest musicians
* Chris Blair (ex-As Blood Runs Black) – vocals on "All Alone"
* Ricky Hoover (ex-Suffokate, Ov Sulfur) – vocals on "Nightmare on Providence Street"
* Jon Vigil (The Ghost Inside) – vocals on "Baby One More Notch"
* Jonny Santos (Spineshank, Silent Civilian) – vocals on "For Life"
Additional
* Michael Rashmawi – production, engineering
* Zack Ohren – mixing, mastering
Artwork
* Sean Widup (Widup Art) – Artwork
# Champlin Fighter Museum

The Champlin Fighter Museum was an aircraft museum located at Mesa, Arizona. It specialized in airworthy World War I and World War II fighters. After 22 years of operation, the Museum was closed on May 26, 2003, and its collection was moved to the Museum of Flight at Seattle's Boeing Field.
It also published books related to aviation, such as Henry Sakaida's 1985 book Winged Samurai: Saburo Sakai and the Zero Fighter Pilots.
# Shrawardine

Shrawardine is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Montford, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England. It is 5.9 miles (9.5 km) outside Shrewsbury. In 1931 the parish had a population of 176. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished and merged with Montford.

## Etymology

Its name is locally pronounced Shray-den, and was often spelt "Shraydon" in old documents; it is otherwise pronounced Shray-war-dine. The placename originates from Old English worðign "enclosed settlement" combined with either scraef "cave" or screawa "shrew", the latter used as a byname for an individual.

## Landmarks

The village's landmarks include Shrawardine Castle and St Mary's Church. The castle, known as Castell Isabella by the Anglo-Normans, was built in the reign of Henry I of England, and dismantled during the English Civil War in 1645. It had been held since 1644 by the Royalist commander Sir William Vaughan, whose aggressive tactics earned him the nickname "the Devil of Shrawardine".

## Little Shrawardine

The River Severn passes to the west of the village. On the other side of the river is a hamlet called Little Shrawardine. It lies within the civil parish of Alberbury with Cardeston.

## Notable residents

* Henry Bromley (died 1615), Elizabethan and Jacobean politician, owned Shrawardine Castle where he died.
* Rev Dr Nevil Maskelyne FRS FRSE , the fifth Astronomer Royal, was Rector of the parish 1775 to 1782.
* Jane Gray (stained glass artist) had a workshop in Shrawardine.
# Sergeant Ryker

Sergeant Ryker is a 1963 drama–war film directed by Buzz Kulik and starring Lee Marvin, Bradford Dillman and Peter Graves that was initially shown on television but released theatrically five years later in 1968. The film was originally broadcast on television as "The Case Against Paul Ryker", a 1963 two-part episode of Kraft Suspense Theatre. It was released as a feature film in 1968 to capitalize on Marvin's popularity from The Dirty Dozen. Its second run paired it as a double feature with Counterpoint (1968) starring Charlton Heston.

## Plot

Sgt. Ryker (Lee Marvin) is an American soldier charged with treason during the Korean War, he is court-martialed and prosecuted by Capt. David Young (Bradford Dillman) and convicted and sentenced to death.
Ryker's wife, Ann (Vera Miles), insists that her husband received an inadequate defense. She believes his story that he had been on a secret mission, assigned by a superior officer who has since died and can no longer vouch for him.
Capt. Young believes Ryker is guilty, but he, too, thinks Ryker received an inadequate legal defense. He persuades the commanding general to give Ryker a new trial. The general reluctantly does so, but he insists that this time Young must serve as Ryker's defense counsel. Ryker has already resigned himself to his fate, and has to be persuaded to go along with the retrial. As it unfolds, all the evidence is damning to Ryker, the best Young can do is establish that Ryker's version of events is not impossible. The defense is also undermined by several of Ryker's lies and omissions, which are exposed during testimony at the trial, and also by Ryker's occasional fits of temper. A further complication ensues when a romantic attachment develops between Young and Ryker's wife. Ryker is furious when he realizes it has happened, and the general on hearing about it tells Young he will be court-martialed as soon as Ryker's trial is over.
The prosecutor, Maj. Whitaker, unearths new evidence damning to the defendant's case, and all seems lost. At the last minute, however, Young learns some information from a Sergeant Winkler, which verifies some aspects of Ryker's claim, and which when followed up on by Young, is enough to compel that Ryker be set free.

## Cast

* Lee Marvin as Sgt. Paul Ryker
* Bradford Dillman as Capt. David Young
* Peter Graves as Maj. Whitaker
* Vera Miles as Ann Ryker
* Lloyd Nolan as Gen. Amos Bailey
* Murray Hamilton as Capt. Appleton
* Norman Fell as Sgt. Max Winkler
* Walter Brooke as Col. Arthur Merriam
* Francis DeSales as President of the Court
* Don Marshall as Cpl. Jenks
* Charles Aidman as Maj. Kitchener
# The Life and Death of Planet Earth

The Life and Death of Planet Earth (full title: The Life and Death of Planet Earth: How the New Science of Astrobiology Charts the Ultimate Fate of Our World) is a popular science book by paleontologist Peter Ward and astronomer Donald E. Brownlee. Released in 2003, the book picks up where Rare Earth leaves off, this time talking about why the Earth's ability to support complex and, especially, intelligent life is not just rare in space, but also in time.

## Summary

The book discusses Earth's future and eventual demise as it is ultimately destroyed by a warming and expanding Sun. The Earth's lifespan is compared to that of a living being, pointing out that the systems which keep it habitable will gradually break down one by one, like the organs in an aging human body. The book also illustrates Earth's eventual fate by compressing its full 12 billion-year history into 12 hours on a clock, with the first life appearing at 1:00 am, the first animals and plants appearing at 4:00 am, and the present day being 4:29.59 am. The Earth is destroyed by the Sun at "high noon", though animals and plants come to an end by 5:00 am, meaning that the time that Earth can remain habitable to animals is very short, lasting only just 1 billion years, with the present day being the halfway point through that relatively short time. The book also suggests that not only will Earth eventually become uninhabitable to complex life long before it finally gets destroyed by the Sun's red giant stage, it also implies that intelligent life will probably die out even much sooner due to them being even more fragile than other animals, and that not only microbial life were the first life forms to appear, they will also eventually be the last surviving life forms on Earth to still remain in the distant future before they too finally disappear, and that many alien planets like Earth, even if they could support complex life, and are not as rare as described in the previous book, still have finite lifespans for their ability to support complex life, and therefore will likely not remain habitable very long, if not terminated much sooner by minor catastrophic events.

## Reception

David Hughes of New Scientist said it was both riveting and provoked thoughts of doom. Fraser Cain called the book depressing on Universe Today, but said that the authors "tell an engaging story" and that the scientific terminology used is well explained. Publishers Weekly said that the authors do not make an airtight case, though "they do deftly bring together findings from many disparate areas of science in a book that science buffs will find hard to put down". The verdict of Kirkus Reviews was "Far from cheerful, but fascinating", while pointing out that the authors tended to move quickly from fact to their own personal theories, and that the prose was not of the highest standard. The Oxford Mail quipped, "The joy of writing books about the next billion years is that no one will confront you with your mistakes".
# Ilek (river)

The Ilek (Kazakh: Елек / Elek, IPA:; Russian: Илек, IPA:) is a river in the Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan, and Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is 149 kilometres (93 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 13,700 square kilometres (5,300 sq mi).
The river basin is of archeological significance. There are burial sites of ancient Kurgan (Indo-European) cultures.

## Course

The Ilek is a left tributary of the Ural. It is a steppe river, flowing at the southern end of the Ural Mountains. It rises just south of Orsk, flows south a short distance and then flows westward south of and parallel to the river Ural, with many meanders and oxbow lakes, and joins the Ural about 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Orenburg. Two main cities lie on the banks of the Ilek River: Sol-Iletsk and Aqtöbe (alternate spelling: Aktöbe, Aktyubinsk).
The Ilek remains the most polluted water body in the Ural-Caspian basin. The content of boron and chromium in the river is caused by the tailing ponds of former chemical plants via ground water. The pollution level varies from "polluted" to "very polluted". Tributaries of the Ilek include the Bolshaya Khobda and the Kargaly.

## Fauna

There are catfish, carp, perch, pike, etc. in the Ilek. Its water is supplied for use by industrial enterprises, and irrigation of agricultural lands.
# Ontario Co-operative Association

The Ontario Co-operative Association is a co-operative association serving co-operatives and co-op member organizations in Ontario, Canada. It is one of nine Anglophone provincial cooperative associations across Canada and collaborates with the Conseil de la coopération de l'Ontario (CCO), its Francophone counterpart in Ontario.
Originally formed as the Canadian Co-operative Association, Ontario Region in 1989, the Ontario Co-operative Association incorporated as an independent co-operative in 2002. The association has about 60 members across Ontario. On Co-op provides professional development, networking, programs and services to support its members and to develop and strengthen the Ontario co-operative movement. The Ontario Co-operative Association recognizes outstanding co-operative businesses and individuals through its Co-operative Spirit Awards.
The Ontario Co-operative Association programs and services are organized according to six keys areas: Co-operative Business Development; Co-operative Education (youth, public and sector); Government Relations; Member Engagement; Communications; and Co-operative Research. Some of its best known events and programs include the Provincial Co-op Conference, the Co-operative Young Leaders (CYL) program, Queen's Park Reception, and the Co-operative Spirit Awards.
The Ontario Co-operative Association maintains the province's only online database of co-operatives, credit unions and caisses populaires, called the Find a Co-op e-directory.
The Ontario Co-operative Association is a member of the Canadian Co-operative Association, the Agricultural Adaptation Council, the Association of Co-operative Educators, Co-op Zone, the Cooperative Communicators Association, The Foundation for Rural Living, and The Ontario Rural Council.
# Dundathu, Queensland

Dundathu is a rural locality in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Dundathu had a population of 238 people.

## Geography

The Mary River forms part of the southern boundary. Saltwater Creek forms a large part of the southern boundary as it flows east to join the Mary.
Maryborough–Hervey Bay Road (State Route 57) runs through from south to north.

## History

William Pettigrew explored along the Mary River in search of timber. He landed at the place he named Dundathu on 29 October 1862. Pettigrew established a sawmill which was operating by October 1863. William Sim was a partner in the Dundathu mill, having previously worked in another of Pettigrew's sawmills. On 25 December 1893, the sawmill was destroyed by fire and it was not insured. The mill was not rebuilt and people moved away. Another fire in August 1895 destroyed a number of empty houses, with Dundathu settlement described as "ashes and desolation" from which it did not recover.
On Sunday 21 January 1866, a church was opened in Dundathu provided by Pettigrew and Sims. It was 32 by 18 feet (9.8 by 5.5 m) with a spire rising to 30 feet (9.1 m) with opening for a bell and a clock. The church was to be used as a school during the week and a separate teacher's residence was built. Although initially operating as a non-vested non-denominational school, with the abolition of the non-vested school system in 1880, it became under the control of the Queensland Government as Dundathu Provisional/State School. It closed in May 1895, after the teacher was withdrawn due to low student numbers caused by the closure of the sawmill.
In 1878, a traveller along the Mary River described Dundathu as follows:
"The next break in the peaceful monotony of the placid river is Dundathu, a timbering establishment consisting of a sawmill, store, school, and about thirty cottages, all nestling in a green hollow among picturesque conglomerate rocks, and commanded by the handsome villa residence of the Sim family."

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Dundathu had a population of 252 people.
In the 2021 census, Dundathu had a population of 238 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Dundathu. The nearest government primary school is in neighbouring St Helens to the south-west. The nearest government secondary schools is Aldridge State High School in Maryborough to the south-west.

## Amenities

Duriseer Park is a 2.9 hectares (7.2 acres) recreational area on the Maryborough - Hervey Bay Road (25°27′47″S 152°44′00″E﻿ / ﻿25.4631°S 152.7334°E﻿ / -25.4631; 152.7334﻿ (Duriseer Park)). It has playground and picnic/BBQ facilities.
# Sainte-Agnès, Jura

Sainte-Agnès (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2025, it was merged into the commune of Val-Sonnette.
# Gynatoma atra

Gynatoma atra is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.