OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mangal Bagh

Mangal Bagh (1973 – 28 January 2021), also known as Mangal Bagh Afridi, was the leader of Lashkar-e-Islam, a militant group operating in Pakistan and Afghanistan. He was killed in a roadside bomb attack in Nangarhar, Afghanistan on 28 January 2021.

## Personal life

Bagh was from the Bara Tehsil, and belonged to the Sepah Afridi tribe. In his youth, he was ideologically affiliated with the Awami National Party (ANP) and used to wash cars at a taxi stand in Peshawar. Bagh then became a conductor of a bus operating service between Bara and Peshawar and later became its driver.
Bagh was not very educated as he attended only primary school in his native town.

## Militant activity

Bagh was said to be a successor of Mufti Munir Shakir, a Deobandi cleric who established a pirate radio station in Khyber Agency in 2004 after being ejected from Kurram Agency by tribal elders for inciting sectarian hostility. When Shakir was ejected from Khyber Agency, he turned over his radio station to Bagh, a local driver, and Bagh then also led the militant group Lashkar-e-Islam.
Bagh-led Lashkar-e-Islam allied itself with Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP). In 2008, Bagh and his militant group retreated to Afghanistan following a series of military operations conducted by the Pakistan army in Bara and later Tirah valley.
During his stay in Afghanistan, Lashkar-e-Islam allied itself with Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). In 2016, an Afghan news outlet, Pajhwok News reported that Lashkar-e-Islam was gaining strength in Nangarhar after they allied themselves with ISIS. Nangarhar intelligence chief Maj. Gen. Dad Mohammad Harifi, however, said they had no evidence to prove if Mangal Bagh-led militants had ever attacked Afghan security posts in Nangarhar.
Afghan Taliban sources said Mangal Bagh had once joined forces with the Afghan government-backed militia known as Arbaki to fight the Afghan Taliban in Nangarhar province.

## Death

Bagh was killed in a roadside bomb attack in Nangarhar, Afghanistan on 28 January 2021. No group or individual took responsibility for assassinating Bagh. Bagh's death was confirmed by Nangarhar's Governor Zia-ul-Haq Amarkhel.
His funeral was offered in Achin District, Afghanistan. A few of Bagh's close associates attended his funeral.

### Previous reports of death

On 22 July 2016, Mangal Bagh was reported to have been killed in a drone attack in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan.
However, in May 2017, Inter-Services Public Relations tacitly admitted that reports of Bagh's death were false when they announced that Pakistani forces conducted an operation in Khyber Agency, killing several militants after receiving a tip-off relating to the presence of Bagh.
Reports of Bagh's death were proven false when the United States added Bagh to the U.S. State Department's Rewards for Justice wanted list on 7 March 2018.
# Thordur Einarsson

Thordur Einarsson (June 19, 1923 – May 12, 1987) was an Icelandic ambassador.

## Career

* From 1944 to 1950 he was employed from "Eggert Kristjánsson Ltd" and a Bridge Construction Company.
* From 1951 to 1963 he was employed as a representative of the US embassy.
* From 1964 to 1968 he was employed by the Ministry of Education.
* In 1972 he entered the foreign service and represented Iceland at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.
* From 1973 to 1977 he was spokesperson of the foreign ministry.
* From 1978 to 1985 he was Chief of Protocol.
* In 1986 he was Minister Counsellor Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations.
* From October 15, 1987 to February 22, 1991 he was ambassador in Stockholm, from 30 October 1987 to 8 March 1991 concurrently accredited in Helsinki and from 4 February 1988 to 1 February 1991 concurrently accredited in Belgrade and Tirana.
# Nebraska Highway 40

Nebraska Highway 40 is a highway in central Nebraska. It has a length of 85.73 miles (137.97 km). It has a western terminus at Nebraska Highway 92 in Arnold and an eastern terminus north of Kearney at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 10.

## Route description

Nebraska Highway 40 begins in Arnold at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 92. It goes south out of Arnold into farmland and at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 47, turns east. It continues east until Nebraska Spur 21B, a spur road into Callaway, then turns southeasterly. At Oconto, Highway 40 meets Nebraska Highway 21. It continues in a southeasterly direction through Eddyville and Sumner and at Miller, meets U.S. Highway 183. It continues southeast through Amherst and Riverdale and ends north of Kearney at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 10. Much of the alignment of Nebraska Highway 40 from Oconto southeastward to its eastern terminus lies parallel to the Wood River.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Custer | Arnold | 0.00 | 0.00 | N-92 (Arnold Avenue) | Western terminus |
| Custer | ​ | 11.10 | 17.86 | N-47 south | |
| Custer | Callaway | 25.65 | 41.28 | S-21B north | |
| Custer | Oconto | 38.84 | 62.51 | N-21 | |
| Dawson | Eddyville | 50.29 | 80.93 | S-24C east | |
| Buffalo | Miller | 65.00 | 104.61 | US 183 (Armada Street) | |
| Buffalo | Glenwood Park | 85.72 | 137.95 | N-10 | Eastern terminus; roundabout |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Macrocentrum

Macrocentrum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae.
Its native range is Southern Tropical America.

## Species

Species:
* Macrocentrum andinum Michelang. & R.Goldenb.
* Macrocentrum anfractum Wurdack
* Macrocentrum angustifolium Gleason
* Macrocentrum anychioides Gleason
* Macrocentrum brevipedicellatum Wurdack
* Macrocentrum chimantense Wurdack
* Macrocentrum cristatum Triana
* Macrocentrum droseroides Triana
* Macrocentrum fasciculatum Hook.f.
* Macrocentrum fruticosum Gleason
* Macrocentrum gesneriaceum Sandwith
* Macrocentrum gracile Wurdack
* Macrocentrum huberi Wurdack
* Macrocentrum latifolium Wurdack
* Macrocentrum longidens (Gleason) Wurdack
* Macrocentrum maguirei Wurdack
* Macrocentrum minus Gleason
* Macrocentrum neblinae Wurdack
* Macrocentrum parvulum Gleason
* Macrocentrum repens (Gleason) Wurdack
* Macrocentrum rubescens Gleason
* Macrocentrum steyermarkii Wurdack
* Macrocentrum stipulaceum Wurdack
* Macrocentrum vestitum Sandwith
* Macrocentrum yaracuyense Wurdack
# The Jordan Museum

The Jordan Museum is located in Ras al-Ein district of Amman, Jordan. Built in 2014, the museum is the largest museum in Jordan and hosts some of the country's most important archaeological findings. Its two main permanent exhibitions are the Dead Sea Scrolls, including the Copper Scroll, and the 9000-year-old ʿAin Ghazal statues, which are among the oldest human statues ever made.
The museum presents artifacts from various prehistoric and antique archaeological sites in Jordan.
The collections are arranged in chronological order. The museum also features lecture halls, outdoor exhibitions, a library, a conservation centre and an area for children's activities. The museum was established by a committee headed by Queen Rania, and became the only museum in Jordan to implement modern artifact-preserving technologies.

## Background

The Jordan Archaeological Museum was established in 1951, atop Amman's Citadel Hill, to host Jordan's most important archaeological findings. However, the old site became too small and the idea of developing a new modern museum emerged in 2005. A joint committee headed by Queen Rania was tasked with developing a new museum conforming with international standards. Construction started in 2009 and the museum was officially opened in 2014, spanning over 10,000 square meters.

## Location

The museum is located in the Ras al-Ein area near downtown Amman, adjacent to the Greater Amman Municipality headquarters. It is only a street away (20-minute's walk) from major archaeological sites in Amman such as the Roman theater, Nymphaeum, Amman Citadel and Hashemite Plaza.

## Major artifacts

The museum collection includes animal bones dating back 1.5 million years, the 9000-year-old ʿAin Ghazal lime plaster statues, part of the Dead Sea Scrolls, including the Copper Scroll, and a reproduction of the Mesha Stele.
The human statues found at 'Ain Ghazal are among the world's oldest ever made. 'Ain Ghazal is a major Neolithic village in Amman that was discovered in 1981.
The Dead Sea Copper Scroll was found near Khirbet Qumran, and contains an inventory of hidden gold and silver, as well as some vessels, presumably taken from the Temple in Jerusalem in circa 68 CE. It is written in a Mishnaic-style Hebrew.
The Mesha Stele is a large black basalt stone that was erected in Moab and was inscribed by Moabite king Mesha, in which he lauds himself for the building projects that he initiated in Moab (modern day Al-Karak) and commemorates his glory and victory against the Israelites. The stele constitutes one of the most important direct accounts of biblical history.
Other major artifacts are the Balu'a Stele, with an Egyptian hieroglyphic inscription, and a marble head of the Greek goddess Tyche.
# Heatwave Interactive

Heatwave Interactive is an Austin, Texas based video game developer founded in 2007 by M. Tomas, Anthony Castoro, and Donn Clendenon.

## Titles

Heatwave has developed games and apps for several platforms:
* iSamJackson, an application featuring voice clips of Samuel L. Jackson for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad
* The Platinum Life series of music industry role-playing games for social media sites
* Gods & Heroes: Rome Rising, an MMORPG for Windows PCs
* Eternal Knights, an unreleased horror/suspense property
# South Carolina Highway 187

South Carolina Highway 187 (SC 187) is a 30.334-mile-long (48.818 km) state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Anderson County.

## Route description

SC 187 begins at an intersection with SC 184 (Elberton Highway) southwest of Iva, within Anderson County. It travels in a fairly northerly direction. It passes Mountain View Cemetery and Poplar Spring Cemetery before intersecting SC 181 (Smith–McGee Road). They have a brief concurrency. SC 187 travels to the northwest and crosses over Weems Creek and then Buchanan Creek. It has an intersection with SC 412 (Rainey Road) and one with U.S. Route 29 (US 29). The highway begins curving to the northeast. In West Gate, it intersects SC 24. The two highways travel concurrently to the northwest and cross over part of Lake Hartwell on the Calvin Wesley Belcher Bridge. A short distance later, they split at the Portman Shoals Intersection, with SC 187 traveling to the north. It passes by a KOA Kampground just before an interchange with Interstate 85 (I-85). Just to the west of La France, the highway passes Pendleton High School. Farther to the northeast, it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with US 76/SC 28, just south of Pendleton.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Anderson County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | SC 184 (Elberton Highway) – Elberton, Iva | Southern terminus |
| ​ | 5.580 | 8.980 | SC 181 south (Smith–McGee Road) – Hartwell | Southern end of SC 181 concurrency |
| ​ | 6.400 | 10.300 | SC 181 north (Smith-McGee Road) – Starr | Northern end of SC 181 concurrency |
| ​ | 10.710 | 17.236 | SC 412 (Rainey Road) – Starr, Iva | |
| ​ | 12.360 | 19.891 | US 29 – Hartwell, Anderson | |
| West Gate | 20.310 | 32.686 | SC 24 east – Anderson | Southern end of SC 24 concurrency |
| Lake Hartwell | 21.95922.212 | 35.34035.747 | Calvin Wesley Belcher Bridge | |
| ​ | 23.087 | 37.155 | SC 24 west – Townville, Fairplay | Northern end of SC 24 concurrency; Portman Shoals Intersection |
| ​ | 24.354– 24.388 | 39.194– 39.249 | I-85 – Atlanta, Greenville | I-85 exit 14 |
| ​ | 30.334 | 48.818 | US 76 / SC 28 – Clemson, Pendleton, Anderson, Greenville | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||
# Cercamon

Cercamon (Occitan pronunciation:, fl. c. 1135-1145) was one of the earliest troubadours. His true name and other biographical data are unknown. He was apparently a Gascony-born jester of sorts who spent most of his career in the courts of William X of Aquitaine and perhaps of Eble III of Ventadorn. He was the inventor of the planh (the Provençal dirge), of the tenso (a sort of rhymed debate in which two poets write one stanza each) and perhaps of the sirventes.
Most of the information about Cercamon's life is nothing but rumour and conjecture; some of his contemporaries credit him as Marcabru's mentor, and some circumstantial evidence points to his dying on crusade as a follower of Louis VII of France.
About seven of his lyrics survive, but not a single melody; the works that most contributed to his fame among his contemporaries, his pastorelas or pastourelles, are lost.
Cercamon means "world searcher" in medieval Occitan. The fossil primate Cercamonius was named after him.
# Diah Tri

Diah Tri Lestari (born 7 March 1997) is an Indonesian former footballer and current international futsal who plays as an anchor for the Indonesia women's national futsal team.

## Club career

Diah Tri has played for Persib Putri and Asprov Jabar in Indonesia.

## International career

Diah Tri represented Indonesia at the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

## Honours
### Club

Persib Putri
* Liga 1 Putri: 2019
# Nebraska Highway 41

Nebraska Highway 41 is a highway in Nebraska. It runs for a length of 103.53 miles (166.62 km) in a west-to-east direction. Its western terminus is in Clay Center at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 14 and Nebraska Spur 18D. Its eastern terminus is at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 50 north of Tecumseh.

## Route description

Nebraska Highway 41 begins in Clay Center at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 14 and Nebraska Spur 18D. It goes east out of Clay Center into farmland until Geneva. In Geneva, it runs on an old alignment of U.S. Highway 81. It meets US 81 just east of Geneva and continues east until meeting Nebraska Highway 15. The two highways overlap for 2 miles (3.2 km). It turns east and at Wilber, meets Nebraska Highway 103. It continues east through Clatonia and briefly overlaps U.S. Highway 77. It continues east and meets Nebraska Highway 43 at Adams. Highway 41 continues east until Sterling, where it then angles southeasterly until St. Mary. After St. Mary, the highway turns straight east again and ends at Nebraska Highway 50 north of Tecumseh.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Clay | Clay Center | 0.00 | 0.00 | N-14 (Center Street) / S-18D west (West Johnson Street) | Western terminus |
| Fillmore | Geneva | 25.02 | 40.27 | US 81 | |
| Fillmore | Milligan | 35.83 | 57.66 | S-30H south | |
| Saline | ​ | 46.82 | 75.35 | N-15 north (County Road 1100) | West end of N-15 overlap |
| Saline | ​ | 48.83 | 78.58 | N-15 south (County Road 1100) | East end of N-15 overlap |
| Saline | Swanton | 53.83 | 86.63 | S-76D south (County Road 1600) | |
| Saline | Wilber | 60.37 | 97.16 | N-103 (South Main Street) | |
| Gage | ​ | 73.04 | 117.55 | US 77 south (Southwest 14th Road) | West end of US 77 overlap |
| Gage | ​ | 74.54 | 119.96 | US 77 north (South 12th Road) | East end of US 77 overlap |
| Gage | Firth | 79.83 | 128.47 | S-34B north (South 82nd Road) | |
| Gage | Adams | 85.11 | 136.97 | S-34C south | |
| Gage | Adams | 85.55 | 137.68 | N-43 north | |
| Johnson | ​ | 103.57 | 166.68 | N-50 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Nguyễn Xuân Oánh

Nguyễn Xuân Oánh (Vietnamese pronunciation:; 14 July 1921 – 29 August 2003), nicknamed Jack Owens, was a Vietnamese economist and politician who held senior positions in the governments of both South Vietnam and the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

## Early life and education

He was born on 14 July 1921 in Phủ Lạng Thương, today Bắc Giang, Tonkin, French Indochina. His father is Doctor Nguyễn Xuân Bái, from Đa Ngưu village, Văn Giang district, Hưng Yên province. He was educated in Western studies since at a young age. His family sent him to Paris, France to be educated at Lycee Albert. After graduating from secondary school, Oánh went on to attain a bachelor's degree in economics at the National College of Japan in 1944. Afterwards he would go on to earn his MA at Kyoto University of Japan in 1950. He would go on to pursue his PhD in economics from Harvard University of the US in 1954.

## Career in South Vietnam

After earning a PhD in economics, Oánh worked for the World Bank Group's IFC and the IMF and taught economics at Trinity College. In 1963, he returned home to South Vietnam and joined the government. Shortly after, he was appointed Governor of the South Vietnamese Central Bank, then Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam. He also served as acting Prime Minister of South Vietnam in 1964 and 1965.

## After the Fall of Saigon

Unlike most senior leaders of the former South Vietnamese government, Oánh and his family remained in Sài Gòn (Hồ Chí Minh City) after the Fall of South Vietnam in 1975. While senior government officials and military officers of the former Saigon government that stayed behind often endured punishment, either facing execution or being sent to a Communist reeducation camp run by the new Communist government, Oánh was spared from either fates. Instead, he was simply monitored by the new government.
He was also one of the few intellectuals of the former Republic of Vietnam who was well respected by the new Ho Chi Minh City government, led by Mr. Võ Văn Kiệt. Oánh was elected to the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1987 and was appointed a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front.
He also served as an economic adviser to Prime Minister Võ Văn Kiệt and Communist Party's General Secretary Nguyễn Văn Linh during the Đổi Mới economic reforms.

## Honor

Dr. Nguyễn Xuân Oánh was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (3rd Class Honor marked by Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon) in November 1997, becoming the first Vietnamese citizen to receive this award. He was awarded the Harvard Centennial Medal in 1999 by the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

## Personal life

He was married to Thẩm Thuý Hằng, a famous actress and pageant who was awarded the title of Merited Artist of Vietnam. They have twin sons, Nguyễn Xuân Ái Quốc and Nguyễn Xuân Quốc Việt, who owned the coffee chain The Coffee Factory in Ho Chi Minh City.
# The Miners' Next Step

The Miners' Next Step was an economic and political pamphlet produced in 1912 calling for coal miners through their lodges, to embrace syndicalism and a new 'scientific' trade unionism. The pamphlet was written by the 'Unofficial Reform Committee' a group of syndicalist and socialists involved in the Plebs' League and the Cambrian Combine strike of 1910-11. The main author is recognised as Noah Ablett.

## Background

Ablett had embraced syndicalism while studying at Ruskin College, and was a founding member of the Plebs' League. On his return to Rhondda, Ablett found himself in connection with like-minded socialists William Mainwaring, Noah Rees, Will Hay and A.J. Cook. In 1911 the Cambrian Combine dispute ended with the Tonypandy Riot, which in turn caused ill feelings towards the then Liberal government after Home Secretary Winston Churchill ordered the deployment of the British Army to suppress the workers.

## Contents

The Miners' Next Step was a sustained critique of the style of union leadership shown by the likes of William "Mabon" Abraham who had been seen as too liberal in his dealings with the coalowners during such disputes as the Welsh coal strike of 1898. The pamphlet called for Decentralization for Negotiating, Centralization for Fighting, The use of the Irritation Strike, Joint Action by Lodges, Unifying the men by unifying demands, The Elimination of the Employer, against the Nationalization of Mines and Industrial Democracy.
Among the demands listed in the pamphlet were the introduction of a minimum wage, the introduction of a seven-hour working day, for unions to be controlled directly by their members, and wider use of strike action. It opposed the nationalisation of mines, saying that the government would still run them in a way that exploited workers, calling for direct control by workers instead, through the election of managers. The pamphlet also offered a critique of the concentration of power in leadership, stating that "All leaders become corrupt, in spite of their good intentions" as the growth of power in the members of an organisation would diminish the prestige and titles of the leaders, pushing those leaders towards opposing a decentralisation of power.

## Analysis

Sociologist Hilary Wainwright stated that the pamphlet put "the stress on trade union members as independent thinkers rather than 'the masses'," and that an "understanding of collectivity as relationships between individuals as creative social subjects underpinned their concept of solidarity."
# Inua Wushishi

Mohammed Inuwa Wushishi GCON CFR (1 January 1940 – 4 December 2021) was a Nigerian army lieutenant general who served as Chief of Army Staff (COAS), Nigeria from October 1981 to October 1983 during the Nigerian Second Republic.
Inuwa Wushishi was born in Wushishi, North Nigeria, and was a Nupe Muslim from Niger State.

## Army career

Wushishi joined the army on 21 April 1961, and attended the Nigerian Military Training College, Kaduna, and then the Mons Officer Cadet School, Aldershot in the United Kingdom. Kazaure Technical School. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 12 January 1962.
He later attended the United States War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Wushishi served as a member of the United Nations Peace Keeping force in Congo in the early 1960s.
He was appointed Deputy Commandant, Army School of Infantry in July 1975.
He served as Federal Commissioner for Industries (January 1975 – March 1976) and was a member of the Supreme Military Council from 1976 to 1978.
He was Chief of Army Staff (COAS) from October 1981 to October 1983 during the Shehu Shagari administration.

## Later career

Wushishi was required to retire on 3 January 1984, after the 31 December 1983 coup in which General Muhammadu Buhari came to power.
After retirement, he entered business. He became chairman of the board of directors of UAC of Nigeria, retiring on 1 January 2010 at age 70.
He received the national honour of Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger.
Wushishi died on 4 December 2021 in London, at the age of 81.