OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Youxia

Youxia (Chinese: 遊俠) was a type of ancient Chinese warrior folk hero celebrated in classical Chinese poetry and fictional literature. It literally means "wandering vigilante", but is commonly translated as "knight-errant" or less commonly as "cavalier", "adventurer", "soldier of fortune" or "underworld stalwart".

## Background

Of the two characters of the term, yóu (遊) literally means to "wander", "travel" or "move around", and xiá (俠) means someone with power who helps others in need. The term refers to the way these solitary men travelled the land using physical force or political influence to right the wrongs done to the common people by the powers that be, often judged by their personal codes of chivalry. Youxia do not come from any particular social class. Various historical documents, wuxia novels and folktales describe them as being princes, government officials, poets, musicians, physicians, professional soldiers, merchants, monks and even humble farmers and butchers. Some were just as handy with a calligraphy brush as others were with swords and spears. At the end of the Warring States period, former shi knights who did not transition into scholar-officials became xia as Mohist defenders of the weak. The 16th and 17th century saw a great revival in the xia culture of using martial arts to right wrongs. Some of these were recruited to serve in the Ming resistance against the Qing.
According to Dr. James J. Y. Liu (1926–1986), a professor of Chinese and comparative literature at Stanford University, it was a person's temperament and need for freedom, not their social status, that caused them to roam the land and help those in need. Dr. Liu believes this is because a large majority of these figures came from northern China, which borders the territory of "northern nomadic tribes, whose way of life stressed freedom of movement and military virtues". Many knights seem to have come from Hebei and Henan provinces. A large majority of the characters from the Water Margin, which is considered one of China's best examples of knight-errant literature, come from these provinces.

## In poetry

One good example of Youxia poetry is The Swordsman (劍客) by Jia Dao (Tang dynasty):
   For ten years I have been polishing this sword; Its frosty edge has never been put to the test. Now I am holding it and showing it to you, sir: Is there anyone suffering from injustice?
* ↑ extremely sharp edge
According to Dr. Liu, Jia's poem "seems...to sum up the spirit of knight-errantry in four lines. At the same time, one can also take it as a reflection of the desire of all those who have prepared themselves for years to put their abilities to the test for some justice."
A metric translation of the original Chinese poem with one iamb per Chinese character reads as follows:
   A decade long I honed a single sword, Its steel-cold blade still yet to test its song. Today I hold it out to you, my lord, and ask: "Who seeks deliverance from a wrong?"

## Analogous concepts

* Bogatyr in Russia
* Futuwwa in Middle East
* Fianna in Ireland
* Knight-errant in Europe
* Ronin in Japan
* Sae Sok O-Gye in Korea
# Kaashidhoo Kuda Kandu

Kaashidhoo Kuda Kandu is a channel in the Maldives. Since the island of Kaashidhoo is located in the midst of the Kaashidhoo Kandu, or Kardiva Channel it is often referred to as having two parts with Kuda Kaashidhoo Kandu as the channel south of Kaashidhoo island.
# Sir Thomas Baring, 2nd Baronet

Sir Thomas Baring, 2nd Baronet (12 June 1772 – 3 April 1848), was a British banker and Member of Parliament.

## Early life

Baring was born on 12 June 1772. A member of the Baring family, he was the eldest son of Harriet (née Herring) Baring and Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, founder of Barings Bank.
His grandfather, John (Johann) Baring, had emigrated from Germany and established the family in England. His maternal grandfather was merchant William Herring of Croydon and among his mother's family was her cousin, Thomas Herring, Archbishop of Canterbury.

## Career

From 1790 and 1801, he worked with the Honourable East India Company. Thomas became a partner in Baring Brothers & Co. in 1804, remaining until 1809. Upon his father's death in, 1810, he succeeded Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet.
After his early career with the bank, Sir Thomas was elected a British Member of Parliament for the constituencies of High Wycombe and Hampshire until 1831.
From 1832 to 1833 he was the chairman of the London and South Western Railway. He was president of the London Institution and Director of the British Institution. In June 1841, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

## Personal life

On 3 September 1794, he married Mary Ursula Sealy (1774–1846) in Calcutta, India. Mary was the daughter of Charles Sealy. Together, they were the parents of four sons and five daughters, including:
* Francis Baring (1796–1866), who married Jane Grey, fifth daughter of Hon. Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet. After her death, he married Lady Arabella Howard, second daughter of Kenneth Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham.
* Thomas Baring (1799–1873), a banker and MP for Great Yarmouth and Huntingdon.
* John Baring (1801–1888), who married Charlotte Amelia Porcher, daughter of Reverend George Porcher.
* Mary Ursula Baring (c. 1803–1812), who died in childhood.
* Charlotte Baring (1805–1871), who married Reverend William Maxwell du Pré, brother of Caledon Du Pré, MP.
* Charles Baring (1807–1879), who became the Bishop of Durham.
* Lydia Dorothy Baring (c. 1811–1812), who died young.
* Frances Baring (1813–1850), who married Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton.
On 3 April 1848, aged 75, he died at his residence Stratton Park House, East Stratton, Hampshire. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son who was later raised to the peerage in 1866 as Baron Northbrook.
# Justin McAuliffe

Justin Hawley McAuliffe (born October 7, 1987) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the grandson of Barron Hilton and the great-grandson of Conrad Hilton, founder of Hilton Hotels. He is the founder and CEO of Acceleron Digital, a digital marketing agency.

## Personal life

McAuliffe was born in New York City. He was raised in Greenwich, Connecticut, and is a graduate of Brunswick School. He is an alumnus of the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration.

## Career

McAuliffe is the founder and CEO of Acceleron Digital, a digital marketing agency focusing on web development and online promotions. Acceleron is also a start-up factory that develops and launches internal businesses.
He is an entrepreneur, having worked on several start-ups in the past. He worked on the Ready, Set, Travel concept, an airport security-friendly toiletry kit for travelers.
In 2019, he joined the board of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, which employs him as a Program-Related Investment Analyst.
# Ado, Benue

Ado is a local government area of Benue State, Nigeria and was created in 1989. It is one of the 9 local government areas in the southern senatorial zone which is mainly occupied primarily by the Idoma and Igbo people of Benue State. The administrative headquarters are at Igumale, situated on the railway line transversing the north-south of Nigeria. The area contains mineral and natural resources in commercial quantities such as limestone, kaolin, petroleum and coal. It is a culturally rich and diverse area comprising the Agila/Apa, Ulayi, Ijigban, Utonkon and Igumale, Ekile communities. It was one of the first areas in Idoma to have contact with European missionaries, hence it had the first missionary school in the Idoma area (Methodist High School, Igumale). The Catholic Missionaries first came to Utonkon in Ado in 1922 where they established the St. Paul's Catholic Church (Parish) in Utonkon, the home of HRH, Late Amb. Dr. Edwin Ogebe Ogbu, the Ochi'doma III of Idoma, Hon. (Chief) Dennis Ekpe Ogbu, The Ogakwu K'Idoma, and Justice George I. Uloko (Rtd) a former Chief Commissioner, Public Complaints Commission, Nigeria. Utonkon is the location of the defunct Apa State University and Igumale is the location of the Benue state cement factory.
Ado LG is also known for its rich agricultural soil. They are best known for the large arm-sized yam tubers they produce as well as the abundance of ready-to-drop ripe orange trees and sweet palm wine.
7°48′N 7°39′E﻿ / ﻿7.8°N 7.65°E﻿ / 7.8; 7.65
# Lal Qila, Lower Dir

Lal Qila (Pashto/Urdu: لعل قلعه) is a town and a union council of Lower Dir District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Lower Dir District has 37 union councils with a population of 797,852, according to the 1998 census report. The population growth rate of the Lower Dir District was 3.42% per annum between the 1981 and 1998 censuses.

## Union councils

* Bishgram
* Lal Qila
* Gall Maidan
* Kotkai
* Zaimdara
# Pedro Vélez

José Pedro Antonio Vélez de Zúñiga (28 July 1787 – 5 August 1848) was a Mexican politician and lawyer. In the aftermath of a successful coup against president Vicente Guerrero, he was placed at the head of a triumvirate that briefly led the Mexican government during the last days of 1829.

## Early life

Pedro Velez was born in Zacatecas in the year 1787 and, after completing his primary studies there, he moved to Guadalajara to study law. He was a legal advisor to General Cruz and after moving to Mexico City shortly after independence he was made president of the Supreme Court upon its establishment in January 1825, being considered an honest man and an able jurist, having also already been a member of the provincial deputation in Guadalajara.

## Executive Triumvirate

In 1829, a revolt known as the Plan of Jalapa flared up against President Vicente Guerrero, led ironically by his own vice president Anastasio Bustamante. President Guerrero stepped down from the presidency and handed it over to José María Bocanegra in order to personally lead his troops against the rebels. In December 1829 the Plan of Quintanar, a pronunciamiento in favor of the rebels was proclaimed within the capital and aided by Jose Ignacio Esteva, the governor of the federal district. Interim President Bocanegra and the commandant general Anaya made no moves to suppress the revolt so on the night of 22 December, the rebels stormed the National Palace and captured it without resistance.
The rebels then set up an interim executive triumvirate with Pedro Vélez as the president. The other two members were Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar. The executive only lasted two weeks and focused on consolidating the revolution. The partisans of Guerrero: Lorenzo de Zavala, Manuel Rejon, and Fernando del Valle were arrested but were released a few days later upon promising to recognize the new government. On January 1, 1833, power passed over to Anastasio Bustamante.

## Later life

He was made Minister of Justice in 1843. He died on August 5, 1848.
# 2000 Falkirk West by-election

The 2000 Falkirk West by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 21 December 2000 for the Scottish constituency of Falkirk West. It was the last by-election to be held before the 2001 general election.
The vacancy was caused by the resignation from the UK House of Commons of Dennis Canavan, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Falkirk West. Canavan had first been elected for West Stirlingshire in the October 1974 election as a Labour Party candidate, and had held that seat until its abolition in 1983. He had then won the new Falkirk West seat, and held that seat as a Labour MP until he was expelled from Labour in 1999. He then sat as an Independent until he resigned on 21 November 2000 by accepting the office of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead.
A by-election to fill the seat was held on 21 December. The Scottish National Party mounted a strong challenge, but fell 705 votes short of winning.

## Result

Falkirk West by-election, 2000 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Eric Joyce | 8,492 | 43.5 | −15.9 |
| | SNP | David Kerr | 7,787 | 39.9 | +16.5 |
| | Conservative | Craig Stevenson | 1,621 | 8.3 | −3.8 |
| | Scottish Socialist | Iain Hunter | 989 | 5.1 | New |
| | Liberal Democrats | Hugh O'Donnell | 615 | 3.2 | −1.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 705 | 3.6 | −32.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,504 | 36.1 | −36.5 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | -16.2 | |

## General Election result, 1997

General Election 1997: Falkirk West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Dennis Canavan | 22,772 | 59.3 | +9.6 |
| | SNP | David Alexander | 8,989 | 23.4 | −0.9 |
| | Conservative | Carol Buchanan | 4,639 | 12.1 | −7.6 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Derek Houston | 1,970 | 5.1 | −1.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13,783 | 35.9 | +10.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 38,370 | 72.6 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Barbara Jones (astronomer)

Barbara Jones is an infrared astronomer. She is a professor emerita at the University of California, San Diego.

## Education and career

In the early 1970s, Jones worked with David Aitken at University College London in the Physics and Astronomy Department, formed in 1972 from the merger of two separate departments. She completed her Ph.D. there in 1977, under the supervision of Benjamin Michael Zuckerman, and was affiliated with the University of Minnesota before joining the University of California, San Diego in 1980.

## Research

Jones's early work included infrared astronomy of Jupiter, of planetary nebulae, and of the Galactic Center. Her dissertation was Infrared spectral observations of the galactic centre and other celestial objects. The research from later in her career included the development of a mid-infrared spectrometer for the W. M. Keck Observatory, and its use to observe the Einstein Cross, a gravitationally lensed quasar.

## Recognition

Jones was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 1994, after a nomination from the APS Division of Astrophysics, "for pioneering development of state-of-the-art infrared instrumentation, the design of the next generation of large telescopes, and their use to make forefront observations of infrared sources".

## Selected publications

* ↑ Aitken, D. K.; Jones, B. (November 1972), "The 8 to 13 μm spectrum of Jupiter", Nature, 240 (5378): 230–232, doi:10.1038/240230b0
* ↑ Aitken, D. K.; Roche, P. F.; Spenser, P. M.; Jones, B. (November 1979), "8–13 micron spectrophotometry of planetary nebulae", The Astrophysical Journal, 233: 925–934, Bibcode:1979ApJ...233..925A, doi:10.1086/157455
* ↑ Aitken, D. K.; Jones, B. (August 1973), "Observations of the infrared extinction of IRS 5 in W3 compared with the galactic center and the Becklin–Neugebauer object", The Astrophysical Journal, 184: 127, Bibcode:1973ApJ...184..127A, doi:10.1086/152310
* ↑ Aitken, D. K.; Jones, B.; Penman, J. M. (October 1974), "Detection of ionized neon in the Galactic Centre", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 169 (1): 35P – 38P, doi:10.1093/mnras/169.1.35p
* ↑ Jones, Barbara; Puetter, Richard C. (October 1993), "Keck long-wavelength spectrometer", in Fowler, Albert M. (ed.), SPIE Proceedings, Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation, vol. 1946, p. 610, doi:10.1117/12.158715
* ↑ Agol, Eric; Jones, Barbara; Blaes, Omer (December 2000), "Keck mid-infrared imaging of QSO 2237+0305", The Astrophysical Journal, 545 (2): 657–663, arXiv:astro-ph/0007269, Bibcode:2000ApJ...545..657A, doi:10.1086/317847
# Christian Troubadours

The Christian Troubadours, also known as Christian Troubadours, were an American Southern gospel quartet, performing from the mid-1950s through the mid-1970s.

## History

The Christian Troubadours were originally organized in Lakewood, California, by guitar player and bass singer Wayne Walters, a native of Belleville, Arkansas. After the Troubadours formed, Walters also became manager and songwriter for the group. In 1962, upright bass player and tenor singer Bill Carter traveled to California from Eagleton, Arkansas, to join the Troubadours. At this time, the group had relocated in Modesto, California. A year later, Phil Price joined the band to play banjo as well as sing baritone and as a musical arranger. In time, Leroy Blankenship became lead singer in addition to preaching at the revival meetings and services held in conjunction with concerts given by the group. Following the addition of Blankenship to the Troubadours, the group relocated to Nashville, Tennessee. Frank Petty of Weed, California, played the violin and one of the earliest members played mandolin; his name was Harvey Yeoman. Larry King also played bass and sang with the group for a short time.

## Discography

* Country Gospel Singing (Sundown Records, master tape at Sun Records Memphis, TN)
* Labor of Love (Vision Records)
* Time For Prayer
* Country Gospel Singing Volume 2
* Love Thy Neighbor
* The Inner Glow
* Gospel In Bluegrass
* I've Got A Song
* This Is Gospel Country (Scripture Records)
* Down Home Gospel (Scripture Records)
* Far East Tour (Hymntone Records)
* Authentic Country Gospel (Hymntone Records)
* Filled With Praise (Heart Warming Records)
* The Nashville Sound
* Extra, Tell The News
* Something For Everybody
* Down To Earth (Heritage Records)
* Versatility (Heritage Records)
* On The Right Track (Jessup Records)
* Now... Hear This! (Heritage Records)
# Neefs (distillery)

Neefs was a Belgian steam distillery, founded in 1832 by Jan Baptist Neefs (1791-?).

## History

Around 1810, Jan Baptist Neefs worked as a cooper. In 1832 he became a winemaker in Antwerp's Keizerstraat, moving into the 17th-century mansion at number 3, the former Antonio Perez Hotel, thereby saving it from decay. His company converted the interior into offices and warehouses.
In 1864 Jan’s son Petrus Jacobus (Jacques), who would later lend his name to the family business, married Maria Elisabeth Van Eck. Jacques expanded the company's offerings to include jenever and liqueurs alongside wine. His brother Josephus, also a cooper, meanwhile focused on the wine and liqueur trade.
By 1890, the company exhibited at the Madrid International Exhibition, earning a gold medal. Grandson Joseph, who took over the company in the early 20th century, emphasized advertising and competed with well-known company De Beukelaer and its premium Elixir d'Anvers through a series of striking posters.
Following Joseph's death in 1921, the company was renamed Etablissements Jacques Neefs. Joseph's widow Gabrielle Cortiaens and his son Raymond, continued to influence company policy until 1967. After the accidental death of one of Raymond's sons, the family withdrew from the business.
In 1980, Geens Benelux took over the company, but they also withdrew in 2007.

## Products

Neefs best known commercial products were:
- Elixir De Kempenaar, a liqueur registered in 1890
- 't Wit Stoopke, a jenever
- Vermouth Jacobino
- Elixir d'Afrique
# Vermont Route 128

Vermont Route 128 (VT 128) is a 11.616-mile-long (18.694 km) north–south state highway in northwestern Vermont, United States. The southern terminus of the route is at VT 15 in Essex, Chittenden County. Its northern terminus is at VT 104 in Fairfax, Franklin County.

## Route description

VT 128 begins at a junction with VT 15 (Center Road) in the Chittenden County town of Essex. VT 128 runs east from VT 15 as a two-lane commercial street through downtown Essex, soon leaving the center of town. The route begins running northeast through Essex, the farms and crossing the Browns River. At Weed Road, VT 128 turns northeast even further, paralleling the Browns River through rural Essex, passing some local residences. The route turns north on Osgood Hill Road, winding along the river. Near Pettingill Road, the route bends southeast.
Crossing into the town of Westford, VT 128 turns northeast through dense woods of town. The woods recede for local farms and fields, and the route soon makes an elongated curve into the center of Westford. Crossing the Browns River, VT 128, turning west near Cambridge Road, serves as the main road through the hamlet. After Brookside Road, the route turns northwest, passing through the rural sections of Westford. At Woods Hollow Road, VT 128 runs north past Westford–Milton Road, which connects to the village of Milton. The route continues north, crossing the county line into Franklin County.
Now in the town of Fairfax, VT 128 crosses the Browns River, changing names to Browns River Road. The route turns northeast, crossing through more fields and woods before reaching the western end of the hamlet of Fairfax. At the junction with McNall Road, VT 128 turns east onto its right-of-way, changing names with Ramsey Road, reaching a merge with VT 104 (Main Street), which marks the northern terminus of VT 128.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Chittenden | Essex | 0.000 | 0.000 | VT 15 (Center Road) – Essex Junction, Burlington, Jericho | Southern terminus |
| Chittenden | Westford | 10.134 | 16.309 | Westford–Milton Road | Connector to the village of Milton |
| Franklin | Fairfax | 11.616 | 18.694 | VT 104 (Main Street) – Fairfax, St. Albans, Cambridge | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# Pabbay, Barra Isles

Pabbay (Scottish Gaelic: Pabaigh) is one of the Barra Isles at the southern tip of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The name comes from Papey, which is Norse for "island of the papar" (i.e. monks). At only 250 hectares (1 sq mi), it never had a large population, and, after all the able-bodied men were killed in a fierce storm while out on a fishing trip on 1 May 1897, it was abandoned in the early twentieth century.
The National Trust for Scotland has owned the island since 2000. With only two sheep left on the island in July 2007 and few, if any, other permanent mammalian residents, Pabbay is consequently home in summer to many ground-nesting birds due to the absence of predators.
The island was the site of a Celtic hermitage, and a Pictish carved stone dates from that period. Remains of an Iron Age settlement can also been seen on Pabbay.
The name of Pabbay is used for one of the three houses of Castlebay Secondary School. The other two are Mingulay and Sandray.

## Areas of Interest

Bàgh Bàn is the name applied to a large bay situated on the SE coast of the island. It's the principal bay on the coast of the island and is well sheltered from the North and West - this made it the ideal area for historical settlers.
Rosinish (or Rubha Phabach) is a small peninsular headland situated on the East coast of the island. It lies in a South-Easterly direction and is only attached to the mainland of the island by a small natural arch.
Steir is the narrow rock which joins Rosinish to the mainland.

## Rock Climbing

Composed of Lewisian gneiss, Pabbay is "one of the finest climbing venues in the UK". This includes the climbing route The Great Arch, which is graded E8 6c.
# Metochi, Serres

Kato Metochi or Metochi (Greek: Κάτω Μετόχι or Μετόχι) is a village suburb of the city of Serres in northern Greece. It lies some 5 km northeast of the city centre at a height of 100 m above sea level. The village is mostly active in animal husbandry and the production of dairy products. It features three churches, St. Demetrios in the village proper and two other, dedicated to St. Elijah and Panagia Vyssiani, in its vicinity.