OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kenesa

A kenesa (Karaim: כְּנִיסָא kǝnîsāʾ) is an Eastern European or Persian Karaite synagogue.
Kenesas are similar to Rabbinical synagogues. In Eastern Europe, they are laid out along north-south axis (facing Jerusalem). Starting from the northern entrance, a kenesa contains:
* Vestibule (azar), where worshipers take off their shoes. Shoes are not permitted anywhere further.
* Moshav Zeqenim (מושב זקנים, old men's pews): wooden benches for the old and the mourners, usually under a low ceiling. The loft above this ceiling is reserved for the women, who remain invisible to the men on the main floor.
* Shulḥan (Hebrew: שולחן "table"): the main hall. Traditional Karaite worship was performed on the knees. In the past, kenesa floors were carpeted; modern kenesas have pews in the main hall.
* Hekhal, or altar (היכל): raised stand for the ritual Ark and the priest.
Some kenesas also have a rood screen.

## Etymology

The word derives from Arabic كنيسة "church" or كنيس "synagogue" (ultimately from the Semitic root k-n-s in the sense of "to assemble") and is first found in Karaim and Karaite Hebrew texts from the late nineteenth century. Before this, and commonly after, Karaites used the standard Jewish terms בית הכנסת and synagogue. In Galicia, the word was often shortened to kensa as early as 1903.
In Russian it is usually pronounced кенасá (kenasá) with an ultimate stress. Some claim it has a Persian or Aramaic origin.

## Surviving kenesas

There were 20 kenesas in the former Russian Empire, nine of them in Crimea (by 1918, two more were added). All surviving kenesas are listed memorial buildings, however, many are in a dilapidated state, and others, like Sebastopol kenesa, although in better shape, are managed by public authorities or private owners, not the Karaite communities. The principal, operating place of Karaite worship in Ukraine is located in Yevpatoria, Crimea. It actually contains two independent kenesas, re-opened to the public in 2005 and 1999.
Karaite synagogues in Lithuania were built in the 14th century, in Trakai, Biržai, Kėdainiai, Panevėžys and Vilnius. An early 20th-century kenesa still stands in Trakai, Lithuania and another one in Vilnius; both are in service. No Karaite synagogues survived in Galicia, where Karaites were present since the 13th century; the last kenesa in Halych was destroyed by the Soviets in 1985. Only the Karaite Synagogue in Istanbul survives in Turkey.

## Gallery

* Trakai Kenesa in Trakai, Lithuania
* Vilnius, Lithuania
* Panevėžys, Lithuania, 1939
* Eupatorian Kenassas in Yevpatoria, Crimea
* Chufut-Kale or Juft Qale in Karaim (Джуфт Къале), near Bakhchysarai, Crimea
* Simferopol, Crimea
* Karaite Kenesa, Sevastopol. Closed in 1931, is now used for sports school
* Karaite Kenesa by the architect Gorodetsky in Kyiv
* Odesa, Ukraine
* Kharkiv, Ukraine
# Christian II (archbishop of Mainz)

Christian II (c. 1185 – 21 November 1253), also called Christian von Weisenau and Christian von Bolanden, was the archbishop of Mainz from 1249 to 1251. He belonged a respected local family of Weißenau, descended from the ministeriales of Bolanden and related to the lords of Eppstein. His parents' names are unknown, but his grandparents were Dudo and Gisela and his brothers were Dudo and Embricho.
Christian first emerges as the provost of the collegiate church of Saint Victor in Mainz, and then progressively as cantor, dean and provost of the cathedral chapter of Mainz. After the death of Archbishop Siegfried III (9 March 1249), the chapter elected Konrad von Hochstaden, already archbishop of Cologne, to be their archbishop. Pope Innocent IV and King William, however, refused to permit him to hold the two most powerful bishoprics in Germany simultaneously. Innocent suggested the chapter chose Heinrich von Leiningen, the bishop of Speyer, but he was refused. In June 1249, Christian, already advanced in age, was elected by the chapter as their second choice and was confirmed by the pope on 29 June. He was consecrated archbishop by Konrad von Hochstaden, acting as papal legate, in July or August.
Christian was unenthusiastic about prosecuting the war against the Hohenstaufen, whom the pope had declared deposed in Germany in favour of William. At a conference during Easter 1251, Pope Innocent, Heinrich von Leiningen and Arnold von Isenburg, the archbishop of Trier, agreed to seek the removal of Christian on account of his hesitancy. Innocent dispatched Cardinal Hugh of Saint-Cher to Mainz to convince the archbishop to resign. Having received assurances of compensation, Christian resigned in June 1251. His downfall might have owed much to the machinations of his successor, Gerhard von Dhaun. Afterwards, he joined the Knights of Saint John and moved to Paris, where he died. He authored a short chronicle.
# 1898 Maryland Aggies football team

The 1898 Maryland Aggies football team represented the Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland) in the 1898 college football season. The team was led by player-coach Frank Kenly and finished with a 2–6–1 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 13 | Columbian | College Park, MD | L 5–17 |
| October 15 | at Western Maryland | Westminster, MD | L 0–32 |
| October 18 | Eastern High School | College Park, MD | W 36–0 |
| October 22 | Gallaudet | College Park, MD | L 0–33 |
| October 26 | at Rock Hill College | Ellicott City, MD | T 12–12 |
| October 29 | at Johns Hopkins | Baltimore, MD | L 0–16 |
| November 2 | at Episcopal High School | Alexandria, VA | L 0–37 |
| November 5 | at Rock Hill College | Ellicott City, MD | W 27–0 |
| November 12 | St. John's (MD) | | L 0–6 |

## Personnel

The players of the 1898 team were:
* Grant Church, end
* Hiram Collins, end
* English Eyster, end
* Frank Hines, end
* F. H. Peters, end
* Jim Bradley, tackle
* Ellis Caldwell, tackle
* Dorsey Cashell, tackle
* Harry Kefauver, tackle
* Fred Shamberger, tackle
* Jim Blandford, guard
* Turford Noble, guard
* Tom Symons, guard
* Jim Shipley, center
* Andy Grayson, quarterback
* Frank Kenly, quarterback
* Ellis Caldwell, halfback
* Joe Devon, halfback
* Tom Massey, halfback
* Jim Wilson, halfback
* Samuel Cooke, fullback and captain-coach
Manager:
* Robert McCandish
# Eilean Aigas

Eilean Aigas (NH4641) (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Àigeis) is an island in the River Beauly, Scotland, in Kiltarlity parish in traditional Inverness-shire, now Highland Region. It is most notable for the mansion on it at its north end, which was formerly owned by the Sobieski Stuarts and rented by author and Scottish nationalist Compton Mackenzie from Lord Fraser of Lovat. It is joined to the bank by a narrow white bridge.
The Eilean Aigas estate was owned by the Lovat Frasers until 1995, when it was bought by King Chong Chai, a Malaysian businessman, for around £600,000. Chai put the island up for sale in 2001, for an asking price of £3 million. It was purchased by Brendan Clouston, a Canadian businessman, who was formerly president of Tele-Communications Inc. The house was built in 2006, it is a replica of a 19th-century hunting lodge. In 2013 the estate was once again for sale, for offers over £15 million. It sold in 2015 for £3 million.

## Sobieski Stuarts

John Sobieski Stuart and Charles Edward Stuart were names used by John Carter Allen and Charles Manning Allen, two 19th-century English brothers who are best known for their role in Scottish cultural history. The Sobieski Stuarts were frauds, who claimed to descendants of Charles Edward Stuart. As authors of a dubious book on Scottish tartans and clan dress, the Vestiarium Scoticum, they are the source of some current tartan traditions.
In the 1830s they moved to Eilean Aigas into a hunting lodge granted them by the Earl of Lovat. Here they "held court" and surrounded themselves with royal paraphernalia: pennants, seals, even thrones. During their time here, they adopted the final version of their names, using the surname 'Stuart', and became practising Roman Catholics.
Much of the furniture in the house was designed by the Sobieski Stuarts.

## Compton and Faith Mackenzie

The MacKenzies rented Eilean Aigas for £450 per annum from December 1930. As Faith Compton Mackenzie recalled:
    "On the north side rugged purple and grey cliffs flanked the narrow, turbulent river, small pine trees hung at all angles over the water from rock crevices. Walking against the stream up on the grassy path of the cliff, you suddenly went downhill and came upon the same river tranquil as a pool."
They had to keep the place heated for seven out of twelve months of the year and the ceiling of one of the rooms once collapsed on Compton while he was asleep. However, Faith also recollected that the garden was particularly beautiful:
    "Free for nearly three years from all restraint, climbing roses had scaled the heights... the ground was a carpet of tulips: Iris germanica in every possible variety... The acacias in the sunk garden, now big trees, filled the air with their scent... Dear God! This was a garden in a dream."
They left in May 1933, in violation of the lease. Compton MacKenzie was of Jacobite sympathies and, like the Sobieski Stuarts, a Roman Catholic convert.
# Meux baronets of Theobald's Park (1831)

The Meux baronetcy, of Theobald's Park in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 September 1831 for Henry Meux, head of Meux's Brewery. There was a family connection to the Meux baronets of Kingston (1641).
The 2nd Baronet sat as member of parliament for Hertfordshire from 1847 to 1859. The title became extinct on the death, childless, of the 3rd Baronet in 1900.

## Meux baronets, of Theobald's Park (1831)

* Sir Henry Meux, 1st Baronet (1770–1841)
* Sir Henry Meux, 2nd Baronet (1817–1883)
* Sir Henry Bruce Meux, 3rd Baronet (1856–1900). Valerie, Lady Meux, wife of the 3rd Baronet, was a well-known socialite. After her husband's death in 1900 she devised a substantial part of her estates to her friend the Honourable Hedworth Lambton, who after Lady Meux's death in 1911 assumed the surname Meux.
# Rio Verde catfish

The Rio Verde catfish (Ictalurus mexicanus) is a species of North American freshwater catfish endemic to the Pánuco River basin (notably Rio Verde) in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
# Foster Robinson

Sir Foster Gotch Robinson (19 September 1880 – 31 October 1967) was an English first-class cricketer, horse owner and businessman.
Robinson was born in Sneyd Park, Bristol, to Edward Robinson and was the grandson of Elisha Smith Robinson. He was educated at Clifton College, Bristol and Exeter College, Oxford. Robinson captained the Gloucestershire cricket team from 1919 to 1923.
He held various positions, including President of The Grateful Society in 1940, Master of Clifton Rugby Football Club 1943–1944, Master of The Society of Merchant Venturers, 1943–1945, and Chairman of E. S. & A. Robinson, a Bristol-based printing and packaging company.
He was knighted at Buckingham Palace on 15 July 1958 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
He was the owner and breeder of Homeward Bound, who won the 1964 Oaks; Huguenot, winner of 19 races; and Merchant Venturer, second to Relko in the 1963 Derby.
Robinson died in Eastwood Manor, East Harptree, Somerset, aged 87.
# The European University of Social Sciences

The European University of Social Sciences, or CIVICA, is a university alliance of European higher education institutions specializing in the social sciences. It was established in 2019 and has been funded by the European Commission.

## History

Prior to its establishment, CIVICA members were closely networked, having long-held professional and institutional partnerships, materialising in dual degrees, Erasmus exchanges, and research collaborations on a bilateral basis.
Professor Simon Hix, London School of Economics' Pro Director for Research, joined partner institutions in Brussels on 7 November 2019 to officially launch CIVICA. CIVICA initially had eight schools. SGH Warsaw School of Economics (Poland) and IE University (Spain) joined it later.

## Members

| Institution | Country | City | Founded |
| Hertie School | Germany | Berlin | 2003 |
| Sciences Po | France | Paris | 1872 |
| IE University | Spain | Madrid | 1973 |
| SGH Warsaw School of Economics | Poland | Warsaw | 1906 |
| Bocconi University | Italy | Milan | 1902 |
| European University Institute | Italy (Intergovernmental) | Florence | 1972 |
| Central European University | Austria | Vienna | 1991 |
| Stockholm School of Economics | Sweden | Stockholm | 1909 |
| London School of Economics and Political Science | UK | London | 1895 |
| National University of Political Studies and Public Administration | Romania | Bucharest | 1991 |
# 2001 Jewish Defense League plot in California

In late 2001, the Jewish Defense League (JDL) plotted to bomb the King Fahd mosque in Culver City, California, along with the office of California Republican Congressman Darrell Issa.
In November 2001 the JDL's leader Irv Rubin and its West Coast co-ordinator Earl Krugel were arrested as part of a sting operation after an FBI informant named Danny Gillis delivered explosives to Krugel's home in Los Angeles. Bomb components including pipes, end caps, detonators and gunpowder were confiscated along with multiple rifles and handguns. In December 2001 Krugel and Rubin were arraigned on conspiracy charges to send explosives to the Sherman Oaks, California office of U.S. congressman Darrell Issa, a Lebanese-American, and to bomb the King Fahd Mosque in Culver City, California. According to the affidavit in support of the charges, Krugel had stated to an FBI informant that "Arabs needed a wake-up call and the JDL needed to do something to one of their 'filthy mosques'. According to the San Francisco Chronicle the affidavit also "painted a picture of a tiny gang that sat around talking about what to blow up but generally shied away from blowing up people.
In 2003 the bombing charges were dropped and Krugel was allowed to plead guilty to reduced charges of conspiracy to violate civil rights, and to a weapons charge. U.S. District Court Judge Ronald S.W. Lew accepted the plea.. Part of the plea agreement demanded that Krugel reveal the names of all JDL activists involved in the 1985 bombing of Alex Odeh's office. The plea agreement was later retracted with details sealed to the public. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison in September 2005, and three days later he was murdered by another inmate, who struck him in the head with a concrete block.
# Beech Hill Preserve

The Beech Hill Preserve is a conservation property in Rockport, Maine. Its 295 acres (119 ha) include the summit of Beech Hill, one of the few bare-topped hills in the area. Its features include forested lower slopes, a commercial blueberry operation, and a 1913 Norwegian sod-roofed hut at the summit of the hill. It has been protected by conservation easements since 1987, and is now owned and managed by the Coastal Mountains Land Trust. The hut, its access road, and the gate on Beech Hill Road were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Beechnut Hut Historic District in 2003.

## Description

Beech Hill is located about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of downtown Rockport. The hill, whose summit is 533 feet (162 m) above sea level, is located in the northern part of the L-shaped preserve, which is bordered on the south by Rockville Street, the west by South Street, and the north by Beech Hill Road. The southern portion of the preserve is wooded, with a public hiking trail whose trailhead is on Rockville Street. The summit area of Beech Hill is grassy, and is accessed via a dirt road (not open to vehicular traffic) from Beech Hill Road. At the base of the road are a pair of stone piers, which originally held massive timber gates. These were built in 1913-15 by landscape architect Hans Heisted, along with the road and the hut at the summit. The road is laid out to reveal gradually more impressive views of the surrounding countryside as one ascends, culminating in views of Penobscot Bay.
The hut at the top of the hill is a stone structure, with a sod roof and an east-facing veranda supported by stone piers. Its interior is divided into four rooms, one large space and three smaller ones, all with stone dividers. A wooden water tank, originally fed by a pump house, is obscured within the structure. The building has occasionally been subject to vandalism, but documentary photographs have been used to restore it to very near its as-built condition. A circular stone garden is set in front of the hut.

## History

The preserve's hilltop features were built in 1913-15 by Hans Heistad, a Norwegian immigrant, for the Gribbel family as a summer picnic and leisure spot. The Gribbels had started acquiring land on the hill in 1909, and eventually accumulated holdings of more than 300 acres (120 ha). It was then sold to the Cuttings who held the property, and accumulated another 290 acres, until 1986 when Grace Cutting sold the property to conservation buyer, Jane Watson (Heyl) Stetson. She, with Maine Coast Heritage Trust, created an easement. With her husband Bill, she maintained the land and returned the area that makes up the Beech Hill Preserve to an organic blueberry operation. The Beech Hill Preserve, some 295 acres (119 ha), was then bargain sold, in 2003, to the Maine Coast Heritage Trust, which transferred the easement three years later to the Coastal Mountains Land Trust. A roughly 12-acre (4.9 ha) area of the preserve was listed on the National Register in 2003.
# Ernst Gomolla

Ernst Gomolla is a male former international table tennis player from Germany.
He won a bronze medal at the 1963 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Eric Arndt, Dieter Michalek, Eberhard Schöler and Elmar Stegmann.
His twin brother Herbert Gomolla also represented Germany at table tennis.
# Inheritor

Inheritor or Inheritors may refer to:

## Film and stage

* Inheritors (play), by Susan Glaspell
* The Inheritors (original title Los herederos), a 1970 Argentine film
* The Inheritors (1982 film) (de) (original title Die Erben), an Austrian film directed by Walter Bannert
* The Inheritors (1998 film) (original title Die Siebtelbauern), an Austrian-German film directed by Stefan Ruzowitzky

## Music

* The Inheritors (album), by James Holden

## Television

* "The Inheritors" (The Outer Limits)
* "The Inheritors" (The Outer Limits 1995)
* The Inheritors (TV series) or The Heirs, a 2013 South Korean television series
* The Inheritors (1974 TV series), a 1974 British TV series written by Michael Hardwick

## Novels and comics

* The Inheritor (novel), a 1930 novel by E. F. Benson
* Inheritor (novel), a 1996 novel set in C. J. Cherryh's Foreigner universe
* Inheritors, by Brian Penton
* The Inheritors (Conrad and Ford novel), by Joseph Conrad and Ford Madox Ford
* The Inheritors, a 1969 novel by Harold Robbins
* The Inheritors (Golding novel), a 1969 novel by William Golding
* Inheritors (comics), a fictional group featured in the "Spider-Verse" storyline
# N-t-Butyltryptamine

N-t-Butyltryptamine (NTBT) is a tryptamine derivative which has serotonergic effects. It is described by Alexander Shulgin as producing "a light-headed intoxication that is a totally pleasant buzz, but nothing more profound than that" at a dosage range of 5 to 20 mg, along with the related sec-butyl isomer NSBT which is similar in effects but slightly less potent.
# Holzape

The Holzape is a river of Hesse, Germany. It is a five-kilometer-long left tributary of the Diemel and flows into in Trendelburg-Wülmersen.
# General Studies
## North America

Some North American universities offer the Bachelor of General Studies degree.

## England, Wales and Northern Ireland

General Studies is a GCSE and former A-level examination offered to 16- to 18-year-olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It overlaps with PSHE and citizenship.
The GCSE syllabus covered arts and culture, politics and the economy, society and ethics, science and technology, and the relationships between these topics.
The A-Level syllabus was introduced in the 1950s, and intended to "“broaden minds by encouraging students to develop their thinking skills, capacity to construct arguments and ability to draw conclusions", according to the AQA examination board. The syllabus covered " Culture and Society" (including culture, religion, philosophy, politics and the media); and "Science and Society" (including scientific research, technology and mathematics). It was withdrawn as an A-Level subject from 2017, with final examination in 2020.

## Hong Kong

General studies is a knowledge-oriented school subject taught in primary schools of Hong Kong. The Government of Hong Kong states that "General Studies provides students with opportunities to integrate knowledge, skills, values and attitudes across the Key Learning Areas (KLAs) of Personal, Social and Humanities Education (PSHE uk), Science Education (SE) and Technology Education (TE)."

## Malaysia

In Malaysia, general studies is part of the STPM examination, which is better known as its Malay name, Pengajian Am.
# Kalanchoe sexangularis

Kalanchoe sexangularis, also known as bushveld kalanchoe, six-angled kalanchoe, or red-leaved kalanchoe, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae that is native to Southern Africa.

## Description

Kalanchoe sexangularis is a succulent, perennial that reaches heights of 20 to 100 centimeters. Its single or few simple, upright, round, reddish shoots are somewhat two-to-six-sided and arise from a woody base. The fleshy leaves are more or less stalked. The rutty petiole is 4 to 45 millimeters long. On the lower leaves it does not encompass the stem, but on the upper leaves it is clearly encompassing the stem.
The leaf blade may be broad, elliptical, elongate or oval in shape, with a green to deep, ruby-red (in full sun) hue. Leaves measure between 12-33 cm (5-13") long and between 7-20 cm (3-8") wide. The leaf tip is generally rounded or blunt. The base of the lower leaves is heart-shaped, that of the upper is wedge-shaped. The leaf margin is roughly notched, with a wavy edging, sometimes with one or several bluntly jagged lobes.

### Inflorescences

A winter-bloomer, K. sexangularis' inflorescence consists of flat-topped panicles up to 30 cm (11.8") in length. The upright, green-yellow to bright yellow flowers are on 2-7 mm long peduncles.
The green calyx tube is 0.5 to 2 millimeters long. The triangular, pointed calyx lobes are 1.5 to 2.2 millimeters long and about 1.2 millimeters wide. The pale pink, square-cylindrical to almost pyramidal corolla tube is enlarged in the lower half and 8 to 13 millimeters long. Their salmon-colored, broadly egg-shaped to almost circular corolla lobes are narrowed or rounded at their tip and have a length of 2 to 4 millimeters and are 1.5 to 3 millimeters wide. The stamens are attached to the tip of the corolla tube. Upper stamens protrude from the flower. The almost circular anthers are 0.4 to 1 millimeter long. The linear-lanceolate, pointed nectar flakes are 1.6 to 4 millimeters long. The carpel has a length of 6.5 to 10 millimeters. The stylus is 1.7 to 4 millimeters long.
The seeds reach a length of 1 to 1.3 millimeters.

## Distribution

Kalanchoe sexangularis is common in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa on rocky slopes in the shade or partial shade of trees or shrubs in bushland.