OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kapil Dev Sharma

Kapil Dev Sharma (1920-2006) born in Gujaranwala (now in Pakistan) was an Indian scientist and technologist who specialized as a glass technologist.

## Education

Sharma successfully completed his BSc degree at Panjab University, a BSc (Glass Tech.) at Banaras Hindu University; and an MSc (Technology) from Sheffield.

## Career

He worked in the glass industry for about a year and in 1945 proceeded to UK for higher studies as a Government of India scholar. He carried out research work at Sheffield University under Prof. W.E.S. Turner, F.R.S., and Prof H. Moore. He worked in the glass plants of Rockware Glass Ltd., Greenford, UK and Karhula lasitehdas [fi], Finland. Sharma joined the institute as a scientific officer in September, 1948 and was associated with the planning and development of the institute from almost the beginning. During 1953–54, he worked at the Glass Section of the National Bureau of Standards, US, as a guest worker. He was assistant director in 1954, deputy director in 1960 and director from 1967 to 1980 of the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute.
He has also served with the United Nations Development Program as a glass expert for several short term assignments in Cuba and Jamaica among other places.

## Fellow

Society of Glass Technology, U.K.; Institute of Ceramics, UK; President, Indian Institute of Ceramics; President, Indian Ceramic Society.

## Member

He visited the USSR in 1959 as a member of the Government of India Expert Team for the optical and ophthalmic glass project. He also went to US and UK in 1962 as alternate leader of the NPC Study Team on Glass Industry; Member International Commission on Glass; and Chairman of ISI Sectional Committee for Glassware.

## Awards and honors

He was awarded the R G Nail Gold Medal from M S University, Baroda.
The "K.D. Sharma Memorial Lecture" has also been instituted.
A multipurpose hall has also been made at the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute complex in Kolkata.

## Notable contribution

* Development and production of optical glass, which is a strategic defence material for the first time in India
* Development of foam glass
* radiation shielding windows for nuclear reactors and glass melting furnaces
* glass raw materials
* productivity
* Filed 3 patents.

## Miscellaneous

His name also appears in the book, "Who's who in the world".
# Clement Stachowiak

Clement Stachowiak (May 3, 1902 – December 12, 1981) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1939 to 1940. He was elected to the Assembly on the Wisconsin Progressive Party ticket. In 1948, Stachowiak was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he was a member of the Socialist Party of America. Stachowiak was a laborer, police officer, and a machinist's helper.
# Erastin

Erastin is a small molecule capable of initiating ferroptotic cell death. Erastin binds and activates voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC) by reversing tubulin's inhibition on VDAC2 and VDAC3, and functionally inhibits the cystine-glutamate antiporter system X$_c$$^−$. Cells treated with erastin are deprived of cysteine and are unable to synthesize the antioxidant glutathione. Depletion of glutathione eventually leads to excessive lipid peroxidation and cell death.
Erastin was first described in 2003. Its name is short for "eradicator of RAS and ST-expressing cells".
# Jovan Đokić

Jovan Đokić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Ђокић; born 13 August 1992) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Neftchi Fergana.

## Club career

On 21 January 2017, Đokić signed for Kazakhstan Premier League side FC Atyrau.

### Neftchi Fergana

On 9 December 2024, he signed a two-year contract with Neftchi.

## International career

Đokić was called up to the Serbia national football team by coach Slavoljub Muslin in January 2017. On 29 January 2017, Đokić made his international debut for Serbia in a friendly match against the United States in a 0–0 away draw in San Diego.
# Edvard Jünger

Frederik Gottlieb Edvard Jünger (19 April 1823 – 21 October 1899) was a Danish precision mechanic and instrument maker. His company was taken over by Christopher Peter Jürgensen in 1869. In the 1870s and early 1880s, he was the manager of Holmegaard Glass Factory near Næstved.

## Early life and education

Jünger was born in Holbæk. He initially worked as a clerk at various offices, most lately at the Bregentved estate. He was, however, interested in the technical sciences and his talent for mechanics caught the attention of Hans Christian Ørsted. Ørsted helped him obtain a grant from count F. M. Knuth which enabled him to enroll at the College of Advanced Technology. His education also brought him to Munich and Vienna.

## Career

Back in Denmark, he settled as an instrument maker in Copenhagen in 1852. He produced technical instruments for the College of Advanced Technology and Sorø Academy as well as distance measurement devices for the Danish army and navy and had also many customers abroad. Júrger lived on Sortedam Dossering No. 37 and worked out of his basement. He was involved in the development of the Hansen Writing Ball in 1865. He spent several years working on an equatorial mount for Østervold Observatory and later a similar instrument for Lund Observatory in Sweden. In 1867, he was appointed to university mechanic (universitetsmekanikus) at University of Copenhagen and the following year he received the title of professor.

## Late life

Jünger's work compromised his vision and in 1869 he ceded his company to his employee Christopher Peter Jürgensen. He went abroad in 1869 and settled on a country estate in Steiermark. In 1873, he received an offer to take over the management of the Holmegaard Glass Factory and returned to Denmark, where he ran the company for 11 years. He spent his last years in Copenhagen and is buried at Solbjerg Cemetery.
# Louisiana Highway 3152

Louisiana Highway 3152 (LA 3152) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Jefferson Parish. LA 3152 spans 3.8 miles (6.1 km) in a south to north direction and is known locally as South Clearview Parkway and Clearview Parkway.

## Route description

LA 3152 begins at an interchange with U.S. 90 and LA 48 (Jefferson Highway) at the east bank base of the Huey P. Long Bridge in Elmwood. LA 3152 continues northward along South Clearview Parkway, intersecting with LA 3139 (Earhart Expressway) via an interchange. At U.S. 61 (Airline Drive), the local name changes to Clearview Parkway, and LA 3152 continues to an interchange with I-10. Clearview Parkway continues northward across Veterans Memorial Boulevard and eventually ends at Lake Pontchartrain.
LA 3152 is a divided, six-lane highway for its entire length.

## History

Clearview Parkway began as a main thoroughfare through the Bridgedale subdivision which opened in 1925 during construction of the Airline Highway between Shrewsbury (Metairie) and Kenner. In 1930, it was designated as State Route 1245 in the pre-1955 Louisiana Highway system. The other main thoroughfare, Transcontinental Drive (State Route 1246), was intended to be extended south to Jefferson Highway (State Route 1) to connect with the Huey P. Long Bridge then in the planning stages. These plans never came to fruition, and the Bridgedale area would not be not directly connected to the bridge for almost fifty years.
The route became LA 611-10 in the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering and assumed its present number in 1972. The extension of Clearview Parkway, complete with railroad overpass, south from Airline Highway to the Huey P. Long Bridge at Jefferson Highway, opened in June 1973 and was designated as South Clearview Parkway. The Earhart Expressway (LA 3139) interchange was partially completed in the 1970s as part of the Clearview Parkway-Dickory Avenue section of the expressway. The overpass was completed in June 1986 along with the final link of the expressway between Cleary Avenue and Clearview Parkway.
LA 3152 originally included only the part of Clearview Parkway/South Clearview Parkway between the Earhart Expressway and West Metairie Avenue. In 2010, the route was extended on both the northern and southern ends to its present termini at U.S. 90/LA 48 and I-10.

## Major intersections

The entire highway is in Jefferson Parish.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Elmwood | 0.0 | 0.0 | US 90 (Jefferson Highway, Huey P. Long Bridge) – New Orleans, Westbank LA 48 west (Jefferson Highway) | Interchange; Huey P. Long Bridge across Mississippi River on the southeast |
| Elmwood | 1.2 | 1.9 | LA 3139 (Earhart Expressway) – Harahan, New Orleans | Interchange |
| Metairie | 1.8 | 2.9 | US 61 (Airline Drive) – Kenner, New Orleans | |
| Metairie | 3.8 | 6.1 | I-10 – Baton Rouge, New Orleans | Exit 226 (I-10) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Peder E. Vorum

Peder Edvard Vorum (4 October 1884 – 24 April 1970) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Labour Democrats, the Labour Party and Nasjonal Samling.
He was born at Steinnes in Sparbu as a son of farmers Christoffer Olsen Vorum (1843–1915) and Karoline Elvine Ertsaas (1855–1890). He attended Ogndal Folk High School from 1901 to 1902, and graduated from Levanger Teachers' College in 1905. He was hired as a school teacher at Falstad in 1905, then in Egge Municipality later in 1905, then in Andenes Municipality from 1906 to 1909. In 1910 he was hired as a teacher in Ytre Rendal Municipality. He was hired as county auditor in 1929, and chief administrative officer in Åmot Municipality in 1941. In 1944 he became school director.
He served as mayor of Ytre Rendal Municipality from 1913 to 1934. From 1931 to 1933 he chaired Hedmark county council. He stood for parliamentary election in 1918, representing the Labour Democrats, but finished a distant fourth among the four candidates. In 1921 he was a minor ballot candidat for the same party, now named the Radical People's Party. In 1927 and 1930 he had changed allegiance and was now a minor ballot candidat for the Labour Party.
He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1933, representing the constituency of Hedmark, and was re-elected in 1936. This was a representative for the Labour Party. He had formerly stood on the ballot for the Radical People's Party in the 1921 general election, and been eighth and tenth ballot candidate (and thus not elected) for Labour in the 1927 and 1930 elections, respectively.
During the German occupation of Norway he joined the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling in the autumn of 1940. He was installed as chief administrative officer in Åmot, and also served as mayor. He was the only person in the Labour Party's parliamentary group from 1936 to join Nasjonal Samling.
On 24 September 1948, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II he was convicted of treason and sentenced to five years of forced labour and loss of his job. He was one of fifteen former Labour Party mayors to be convicted of treason. He died in April 1970 and was buried in Ytre Rendal.
# Mikkeli sub-region

Mikkeli sub-region is a subdivision of Southern Savonia and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

## List of municipalities

| Municipality | Population | Land area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) | Finnish speakers | Swedish speakers | Other speakers |
| Hirvensalmi | 2,058 | 465 | 4 | 97 % | 0.5 % | 3 % |
| Kangasniemi | 5,084 | 1,069 | 5 | 98 % | 0.2 % | 3 % |
| Mikkeli | 51,960 | 2,548 | 20 | 94 % | 0.2 % | 5 % |
| Mäntyharju | 5,518 | 981 | 6 | 95 % | 0.2 % | 4 % |
| Puumala | 2,095 | 794 | 3 | 97 % | 0.3 % | 3 % |
| Total | 66,715 | 5,858 | 11 | 95 % | 0.2 % | 5 % |
* This Eastern Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ "Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,635,560 at the end of October 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2024-11-19. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
# Rood of Grace

The Rood of Grace was a crucifix kept at Boxley Abbey in Kent in southeast England. It was a mechanized likeness of Jesus, described by one Protestant iconoclast as an ingenious contraption of wires and rods that made the eyes move like a living thing, and considered spiritually inspirational and a destination for pilgrimages by many of the faithful, including a young Henry VIII. During the dissolution of the monasteries from 1536 to 1541, aimed mainly at increasing the Crown's revenues, the Rood was used as one argument among many to denounce superstitious religion practices within English Catholicism. However it has been argued that the artificial nature of the work was well-understood by its pre-Reformation audiences, or at least most of them.

## Roman Catholic icon

According to tradition, the Rood was brought to Boxley Abbey on a stray horse. Considering that a miracle, the monks of the abbey took the crucifix. William Lambarde, in his 1570 book, Perambulation of Kent, describes how the Rood was created by an English carpenter taken prisoner by the French in order to ransom himself. According to various reports, the Rood was able to move, shed tears, foam at the mouth, turn and nod its head, and make various facial expressions.

## Protestant response

After the dissolution of the monasteries, the Rood was paraded around various market towns, including Maidstone, Kent. On 12 February 1538 John Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, denounced the Rood of Grace as a fraud, exhibited its machinery and broke it to pieces. The Rood was eventually burned in London along with numerous statues of Roman Catholic saints.
According to Reilly, sermons and reports by the Protestant iconoclasts who attacked the Rood presumed that the Catholic authorities were misrepresenting the Rood; however, "Catholic audiences had seen mechanical theatrical mirabilia or miracles in the medieval cycle plays for generations." (Reilly notes an animated serpent winding around the tree in the garden, mechanical jaws of hell, and cords used to make a dove descend at Pentecost). The Protestant iconoclasts who presented the Rood as a fraud perpetuated by deceitful monks on gullible followers stood to gain politically from spreading that version of the story, yet Groeneveld argues the Rood was, in its time, "acknowledged, even advertised, to be a mechanical marvel".
# 1832 United States presidential election in South Carolina

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
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The 1832 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place between November 2 and December 5, 1832, as part of the 1832 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.
South Carolina cast 11 electoral votes for the Nullifier Party candidate, John Floyd. These electors were elected by the South Carolina General Assembly, the state legislature, rather than by popular vote. South Carolina and Kentucky were the only 2 states Jackson lost in 1832 that he had won the previous cycle.

## Results

1832 United States presidential election in South Carolina :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| | Nullifier | John Floyd | – | – | 11 |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | – | – | 11 |
# Buraco das Araras (Mato Grosso do Sul)

Buraco das Araras is a huge sandstone crater, a geological formation created by the collapse of boulders. It is about 500 m in circumference and 100 m deep, located in the middle of the cerrado in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. It is home to a wide variety of birds, especially araçari toucans and red-and-green macaws, hence the name of the cave.
According to the decree of IBAMA of 11 April 2007, the crater is part of the 29-hectares Buraco das Araras Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) and is connected to the RPPN Rio da Prata with 307 hectares.

## Geology

It is located 53 km from Bonito, belong to the municipality of Jardim, in the middle of the cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It presents walls of up to 127 meters depth and cave mouth of about 500 meters in diameter, there being a pond of green water, surrounded by lush forest, inhabited by broad-snouted caimans whose survival remains a mystery. Besides them and the macaws, mammals such as armadillos, anteaters, coatis, and other 120 species of birds, including toucans and ibises, chose the place to live.
The crater is a geological formation known as doline, formed by the collapse of huge boulders creating this cave. It is characterized by the corrosion of the limestone below the surface. It is considered the only cave of this type in Brazil and the largest in Latin America with its own ecosystem. Worldwide, there are only five dolines with these features and this one is considered the second largest. The tour of the cave begins with a pleasant and short hike on a trail of about 900 meters, stopping at two watch posts for observation and photos.

## Photo gallery

* Border of Buraco das Araras, panoramic photo
* Buraco das Araras craggy walls, detail
# Pehčevo

Pehčevo (Macedonian: Пехчево, ) is a small town in the eastern part of North Macedonia. It is the seat of Pehčevo Municipality. Pehčevo is known for its winter tourism.

## History

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Pehčevo was part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. According to the statistics of Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov from 1900, 4070 inhabitants lived in Pehčevo, 3300 Bulgarian Muslims, 700 Bulgarian Exarchists and 70 Romani.
In 1913, as a result of the Balkan Wars, the town became a part of the Kingdom of Serbia, which in 1918 joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (in 1929 renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia).
In 1922 many Gallipoli Serbs, adherents of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, arrived in Yugoslavia as refugees from Gelibolu and part of them were resettled here. Their number in Pehčevo was ca 1,100
From 1929 to 1941, Pehčevo was part of the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
From 1941 to 1944, during the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, Pehčevo, along with most of Vardar Macedonia, was annexed by the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census, the town had a total of 3237 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the town include:
* Macedonians 3067
* Turks 31
* Serbs 6
* Romani 123
* Aromanians 2
* Others 8

## Sports

Local football club FK Pehchevo play in the Macedonian Second League (East Division).
# Paul Ehmayr

Paul Ehmayr (October 28, 1909, in Vienna – September 15, 1993 in Linz; sometimes incorrectly spelled as Ehmayer, Ehmeier or Ehmeyer) was a German-Austrian rocket engineer. He was a precision mechanic. His masterpiece was a barometer.
Due to the high level of unemployment in Austria, Ehmayr went to Mecklenburg in 1927, then to Berlin. There he worked from 1930 as part of the engineering team around Hermann Oberth, Rudolf Nebel and Klaus Riedel (together with Wernher von Braun, Rolf Engel [de], Hans Bermüller, Hans Hüter, Kurt Heinisch and Helmuth Zoike) in the development, especially in the construction and experiments with the first rockets powered by liquid gas.
Development and tests initially took place in the Chemisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, financially supported by the Army Weapons Office. When Hermann Oberth returned to Romania, the team continued its activities in the newly founded Berlin-Reinickendorf rocket airfield where they reused the rocket stand featured in the movie "Woman in the Moon". The jointly developed rockets included the Oberth cone nozzle ("Kegeldüse"), different versions of the Repulsor, the Mirak [de] I-III and the Magdeburg pilot rocket (10-L)
The activities of the Verein für Raumschifffahrt and at Raketenflugplatz Berlin have been under strict surveillance. since the National Socialists came to power in the spring of 1933. After the Gestapo confiscated all documents in the same year, the organization and the rocket airfield were finally closed in June 1934
Since then, private rocket attempts have been prohibited. - all activities have now been continued under the patronage of the German Wehrmacht in the Kummersdorf Army Research Center, later in the Peenemünde Army Research Center
From then on Ehmayr worked in various companies as a technical employee until he returned to Austria together with his wife and son at the end of the war. There he lived first in Wels, then until his death in 1993 in Linz.
Paul Ehmayr was rewarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria.