OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mehdi Haeri Yazdi

Mehdi Haeri Yazdi (Persian: مهدی حائری یزدی ; Arabic: المهدي الحائري اليزدي; al-Ḥa’irī̄ al-Yazdī̄; b. 1923, Qom, Sublime State of Persia – 8 July 1999, Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian philosopher and Shia Islamic cleric. He was the first son of Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi, the founder of Qom Seminary and teacher of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who became the leader of the Iranian Revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

## Family

Mahdi Ha'iri Yazdi was son of the late Ayatollah Ha'iri, a Shiite authority and disciple of Ayatollah Boroujerdi. He was a teacher of theology and Islamic philosophy.

## Academic career

Ha'iri received his Ph.D. in philosophy from University of Toronto. He taught Islamic philosophy at the University of Toronto and McGill University.

## Background

Mehdi Haeri Yazdi was "one of Khomeini's prominent pupils" but parted ways with Khomeini on several issues. He opposed Khomeini's theory of velayat-e faqih as justification for rule of the Islamic state by Islamic jurists, Khomeini's unwillingness to end the Iran–Iraq War, and believed Khomeini's fatwa against Salman Rushdie was "inconsistent with the principles of Islamic law, or Shari'a" and "against the interests of Muslim society." Haeri-Yazdi published his objection to the velayat-e faqih in his 1994 book Hekmat va Hokumat. The book was published in London, but nevertheless has been widely distributed in Iran.
In 1992 he published The Principles of Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy : Knowledge by Presence. The book aimed to present Western scholars and philosophers a theme that he considered most important : knowledge by presence - knowledge that arises from immediate and intuitive awareness.
With his knowledge of Islamic philosophy and other Islamic fields, as well as his formal training in contemporary Western philosophical traditions, Mehdi Haeri Yazdi sought to study the core concerns of modernity and Islam. Farzin Vahdat discusses Yazdi's ideas in his book Islamic Ethos and the Specter of Modernity (2015).

## Works

In Persian:
* Hekmat va Hokumat (London 1994)
* Kavushha-ye Aql-e Nazari
* Hiram-e Hasti
* Kavushha-ye Aql-e Amali
* safare Nafs( the journey of soul)
* Analytical philosophy
* Memoirs of Hairi-Yazdi, 2004 (Harvard Iranian Oral History) (English and Old Persian Edition)
In English:
* The Principles of Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy: Knowledge by Presence. SUNY Press 1992
* Mehdi, Ha'iri Yazdi (1982). Knowledge by presence. Cultural Studies and Research Institute. p. 344. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
# Looking for the Summer

"Looking for the Summer" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1991 as the third single from his eleventh studio album Auberge. It was written by Rea and produced by Jon Kelly. "Looking for the Summer" reached No. 49 in the UK and remained in the charts for three weeks. A music video was filmed to promote the single. It also featured in a diner scene in the 1992 Hollywood blockbuster Basic Instinct.

## Background

In a 1991 interview with Dennis Elsas, Rea described the song's lyrical message: "The idea is fundamentally a guy is looking at his daughter, who is now just about in her teenage years and he sees her turn away. She's looking to her summer, she's spring looking for the summer, and he, then in autumn, looks back and remembers what it was like when he also looked for his summer. The third verse reminds his wife how they hurt each other's growing pains, while they both looked for their summers, and in many ways he still looks for his summer."

## Critical reception

In a review of Auberge, Deborah Hornblow of The Hartford Courant considered the song as one of the album's "better tracks", and noted the song is "infused with a wide-openness and yearning by the strains of Rea's fine guitar work". Adam Sweeting of The Guardian commented: "Song titles like "Looking for the Summer" are accurate guides to their contents."
Johnny Loftus of AllMusic recommended the song by labelling it an AMG Pick Track. In a 2017 concert review, Andrew Steel of Yorkshire Evening Post described the song as a "classic" and added: "The soft-rock gems of "Julia" and "Looking for the Summer" are smart, lithe numbers possessed of a foot-tapping joy underneath his husky vocals, rugged and languorous."

## Track listing

7" single
* "Looking for the Summer" (Remix) – 3:51
* "Six Up" – 4:06
12" single
* "Looking for the Summer" (Remix) – 3:51
* "Six Up" – 4:06
* "Urban Samurai" – 4:27
Cassette single
* "Looking for the Summer" (Remix) – 3:51
* "Six Up" – 4:06
CD single
* "Looking for the Summer" (Remix) – 3:54
* "Six Up" – 4:08
* "Theme From the Pantile Journals" – 4:13
* "Teach Me to Dance" – 4:05
CD single (US promo)
* "Looking for the Summer" (Edit) – 3:50
* "Looking for the Summer" (LP Version) – 5:04

## Personnel

* Chris Rea - guitar, slide guitar, Hammond organ
* Anthony Drennan - nylon guitar, acoustic guitar
* Max Middleton - Rhodes
* Robert Ahwai - bass
* Martin Ditcham - drums, percussion
Production
* Jon Kelly - producer
* Chris Rea, Dave Richards - producers of "Urban Samurai"
* Justin Shirley-Smith - engineer
* Russell Shaw - assistant engineer
Other
* Lewis Edwards - sleeve painting

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Belgian Singles Chart (V) | 39 |
| Dutch Singles Chart | 37 |
| German Singles Chart | 51 |
| UK Singles Chart | 49 |
# The Book of Blam

The Book of Blam (Serbian Cyrillic: Књига о Бламу, Knija o Blamu) is a semi-autobiographical novel by Aleksandar Tišma, first published in Serbo-Croatian in 1972. It was republished by New York Review Books in 2016 in its classics series, with an introduction by Charles Simic. It is one in a trilogy of books by Tišma about life in Novi Sad in the 1940's, a city made infamous as the location for summary executions during World War Two, and what is now the second largest city in Serbia. The other books in the trilogy are Kapo and The Use of Man. The Book of Blam can be considered as belonging to the literature of the Holocaust. It can also be considered as a portrayal of Survivor Guilt. On first publication, it was met with acclaim in France and Germany. It has been translated into 17 languages.

## Plot

The work centres on its middle-aged protagonist, Miroslav Blam, who recounts in detail his childhood and his experiences before, during and after the infamous raid by Hungarian forces on Jews and Serbs at Novi Sad, in the former Yugoslavia, in 1942. The raid led to the summary execution of some 1,400 people, including Blam's own family members. The description of the raid itself is most prominently featured in the eleventh of the work's fifteen chapters.
Blam’s family history, the various business occupants of Jew Street before the war, Blam’s professional life both before and during the war, and love letters sent to him after the war each receive extended treatment in the novel.
Blam’s romantic relationship with his cousin Lili Ehrlich, whom Blam impregnates, his courting and unfaithful marriage to Janja and the death of his sister Estera, a resistance fighter, in a battle with Hungarian gendarmes are also featured prominently in the book.

## Theme

Blam is a convert to Christianity by virtue of his marrying Janja, a non-Jew, which is the reason he is able to avoid persecution, and his feelings of guilt as a survivor—as most of his family perish during the war—is a theme in the book as noted by S. Hargrave. Blam is perhaps the only Jewish survivor of the Novi Sad raids.
# Litr

Litr (also Lit; Old Norse:, 'colour, appearance') is the name borne by a dwarf and a jötunn in Norse mythology.

## Name

The Old Norse name Litr has been translated as 'colour', 'hue', or 'appearance'. It stems from a Proto-Germanic form reconstructed as *ulituz (compare with Gothic wlits 'shape, appearance', or Old English wlite 'clearness, sparkle').

## Dwarf

In Snorri Sturluson's Gylfaginning (49), Litr is kicked into Baldr's funeral pyre by Thor:
    Then Thor stood by and hallowed the pyre with Mjöllnir; and before his feet ran a certain dwarf which was named Litr; Thor kicked at him with his foot and thrust him into the fire, and he burned.
       —Gylfaginning, Brodeur's translation
Litr is also listed as a dwarf in Völuspá (12).
A dwarf named Litr also appears in Áns saga bogsveigis, where he is coerced by the protagonist Án to build him a bow.

## Jötunn

In a stanza by Bragi Boddason quoted in Snorri's Skáldskaparmál (42) Litr is also mentioned in a kenning for Thor: "Lit's men's fight-challenger" ("Litar flotna fangboði"). Given that Thor is the enemy of jötnar, it is generally assumed that, in this kenning, Litr must refer to a giant. Litr is also a jötunn in one version of the poem about Thor by Þorbjörn dísarskáld, where the skald lists jötnar and gýgjar killed by the god (but Litr only appears in one manuscript, the others mentioning Lútr instead).
This led John Lindow to suggest that there may have been originally only one Litr, a jötunn, for "it would not have been inappropriate for Thor to have killed a giant in some earlier version of the funeral of Baldr".
# Ethiopia at the 1960 Summer Olympics

Ethiopia competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. Ten competitors, all men, took part in eight events in two sports. Abebe Bikila won the country's first ever Olympic medal by winning the men's marathon.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Abebe Bikila | Athletics | Men's marathon | 10 September |

## Athletics

Five male athletes represented Ethiopia in 1960:

### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Roba Negousse | 100 m | 11.30 | 7 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Moussa Said | 400 m | 48.30 | 5 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Moussa Said | 800 m | 1:50.49 | 6 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mohamed Saïd | 5000 m | 14:41.22 | 18 | — | — | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mohamed Saïd | 10,000 m | — | — | — | — | — | — | DNF | — |
| Abebe Bikila | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2:15:16.2 | |
| Abebe Wakgira | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2:21:09.4 | 7 |

## Cycling

Five male cyclists represented Ethiopia in 1960.

### Road

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Kouflu Alazar | Road race | DNF | — |
| Guremu Demboba | Road race | DNF | — |
| Amousse Tessema | Road race | DNF | — |
| Megra Admassou | Road race | DNF | — |

#### Time trial

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Guremu Demboba Kouflu Alazar Amousse Tessema Negousse Mengistou | Time trial | 2:38:34.08 | 28 |
# VV Nieuwenhoorn

Voetbalvereniging Nieuwenhoorn is a football club based in Nieuwenhoorn, South Holland, Netherlands. Founded in 1929, they are currently members of the Eerste Klasse, the sixth tier of the Dutch football league system. They play their home matches at Sportpark Nieuwenhoorn.

## History

The club was founded on 1 June 1929.
It won the 1980 KNVB District Cup for Sunday amateur clubs in the West 2 District. One year later, Nieuwenhoorn won the District Cup for all amateur clubs in the same district.
In 2013, Niewenhoorn started a Saturday squad and in 2014 it dropped its Sunday squad. In 2022, Nieuwenhoorn ended runner-up during the Eerste Klasse season. It promoted to the Vierde Klasse after heavy clashes between supporters in the decisive playoff game against WHC Wezep. The decisive penalties were taken after the supporters had been dispersed by the police.

### Head coach
#### Saturday squad

* Steef Buijs (2015–2018)
* Oscar Biesheuvel (2021–2023)
* Cesco Agterberg (2023–2024)
* Rody van Hemert (2024–2025)

#### Sunday squad

* Aad Andriessen
* Adrie Poldervaart (2002–2005)
* Marco van Rijn (2007–2009)
* Wim Schaap (2012–2014)
# C. S. Slatton

Charles Stewart Slatton (March 13, 1895 – February 23, 1951) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas from September 21, 1945, to October 1, 1947.
# Laura (Menudo album)

Laura is the second studio album by the Puerto Rican boy band Menudo, released in 1978 by the record label Padosa. The group at the time included the Sallaberry brothers, Fernando and Nefty, and the Meléndez brothers, Óscar, Carlos, and Ricky. This was the last album to feature Nefty as a member; in 1979, he left the group upon reaching the age limit of 15 and was replaced by René Farrait.

## Background

The recording sessions of Laura took place in Spain, as Edgardo Díaz, the group's manager and creator, believed that the recording studios there were much better than those in Puerto Rico. The boys' names were not included in the album's graphic credits. Díaz wanted to highlight and develop the personality of Menudo as a group exclusively, rather than highlighting the artistic talents of its members as individuals. According to him, this way, the loyalty of the fans would remain exclusively with the group, and not with each of the boys who made up Menudo at any given time.

## Commercial performance

The album managed to chart with two songs on the music charts, the songs "I Cucubano" and "Gongoli" made it onto the Dominican Republic singles sales charts, reaching positions 2 and 6, respectively.
# Lionel Roberts Stadium

Lionel Roberts Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands. It is currently used mostly for soccer matches, as well as baseball and American football. The stadium holds 5,000.
# Hans-Emil Schuster

Minor planets discovered: 25 :
* see § List of discovered minor planets
Hans-Emil Schuster (born 19 September 1934 in Hamburg) is a German astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets and comets, who retired in October 1991. He worked at Hamburg Observatory at Bergedorf and European Southern Observatory (ESO), and was former acting director of La Silla Observatory. From 1982 he was married to Rosemarie Schuster née von Holt (28 March 1935 – 18 September 2006)
He discovered periodic comet 106P/Schuster. He also discovered the comet C/1976 D2 (in the contemporary nomenclature, it was known as Comet 1975 II or 1976c), which was notable for its large perihelion distance of 6.88 AU , the largest yet observed at the time.
He discovered 25 asteroids, including notably the Apollo asteroid 2329 Orthos and the Amor asteroids 2608 Seneca, 3271 Ul, 3288 Seleucus, and 3908 Nyx. He discovered the near-Earth asteroid 161989 Cacus, which was lost and not recovered until 2003.
Schuster participated in the exploration, selection and testing of the sites of two ESO observatories: La Silla Observatory and Paranal Observatory (the latter is the VLT site).
He also participated in two ESO Southern Sky Surveys: the ESO-B survey ("Quick-Blue Survey") completed in 1978 was the first deep optical survey of the southern sky; and the "Red Sky Survey". Photographic plates were taken with the ESO's 1-meter Schmidt Telescope at La Silla.
He co-discovered the Phoenix Dwarf galaxy (with Richard M. West), and in 1976 also discovered the Eridanus Globular Cluster, one of the most distant globular clusters in the galactic halo. In 1980, he discovered a type-II supernova in the galaxy NGC 1255. However, "Schuster's Spiral" (Horologium Dwarf) is not named after him, but a different Schuster.

## Honours

The asteroid 2018 Schuster was named in his honour. On 21 October 2011 he was awarded the rank of Commander of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins in recognition of his important contribution to astronomy in Chile.

## List of discovered minor planets

| 2105 Gudy | 29 February 1976 | list |
| 2234 Schmadel | 27 April 1977 | list |
| 2275 Cuitlahuac | 16 June 1979 | list |
| 2329 Orthos | 19 November 1976 | list |
| 2608 Seneca | 17 February 1978 | list |
| 3266 Bernardus | 11 August 1978 | list |
| 3271 Ul | 14 September 1982 | list |
| 3288 Seleucus | 28 February 1982 | list |
| 3398 Stättmayer | 10 August 1978 | list |
| 3496 Arieso | 5 September 1977 | list |
| 3908 Nyx | 6 August 1980 | list |
| 4761 Urrutia | 27 August 1981 | list |
| 6163 Reimers | 16 March 1977 | list |
| 6261 Chione | 30 November 1976 | list |
| 6847 Kunz-Hallstein | 5 September 1977 | list |
| 7215 Gerhard | 16 March 1977 | list |
| 10454 Vallenar | 9 July 1978 | list |
| 10669 Herfordia | 16 March 1977 | list |
| 11001 Andrewulff | 16 June 1979 | list |
| 11789 Kempowski | 5 September 1977 | list |
| 12211 Arnoschmidt | 28 May 1981 | list |
| 26074 Carlwirtz | 8 October 1977 | list |
| 46514 Lasswitz | 15 May 1977 | list |
| 73640 Biermann | 5 September 1977 | list |
| 161989 Cacus | 8 February 1978 | list |
# Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships

Saint Kitts and Nevis competed at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea from 12 to 28 July.

## Swimming

Saint Kitts and Nevis entered one swimmer.

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Jennifer Harding-Marlin | 100 m freestyle | 1:08.05 | 85 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Jennifer Harding-Marlin | 50 m backstroke | 34.08 | 41 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Finland at the 1960 Summer Olympics

Finland competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. 117 competitors, 107 men and 10 women, took part in 92 events in 14 sports.

## Medalists
### Gold

* Eugen Ekman – Gymnastics, Men's Pommeled Horse

### Silver

* Pentti Linnosvuo – Shooting, Rapid-Fire Pistol (Mixed)

### Bronze

* Eeles Landström – Athletics, Men's Pole Vault
* Jorma Limmonen – Boxing, Men's Featherweight
* Veli Lehtelä and Toimi Pitkänen – Rowing, Men's Coxless Pairs

## Cycling

Four male cyclists represented Finland in 1960.

### Individual road race

* Paul Nyman
* Raimo Honkanen
* Unto Hautalahti
* Matti Herronen

### Team time trial

* Paul Nyman
* Unto Hautalahti
* Raimo Honkanen
* Matti Herronen

### Sprint

* Paul Nyman

### 1000m time trial

* Paul Nyman

## Fencing

Six fencers, four men and two women, represented Finland in 1960.

### Men's épée

* Rolf Wiik
* Kaj Czarnecki
* Kalevi Pakarinen

### Men's team épée

* Kaj Czarnecki, Kurt Lindeman, Rolf Wiik, Kalevi Pakarinen

### Women's foil

* Marjatta Moulin
* Barbara Helsingius

## Modern pentathlon

Three male pentathletes represented Finland in 1960.

### Individual

* Kurt Lindeman
* Berndt Katter
* Eero Lohi

### Team

* Kurt Lindeman
* Berndt Katter
* Eero Lohi

## Rowing

Finland had 12 male rowers participate in four out of seven rowing events in 1960.

### Men's single sculls

* Jorma Kortelainen

### Men's coxless pair

* Veli Lehtelä
* Toimi Pitkänen

### Men's coxless four

* Eero Laine
* Heikki Laine
* Pertti Laine
* Arto Nikulainen

### Men's coxed four

* Väinö Huhtala
* Matti Maisala
* Reino Poutanen
* Kauko Hänninen
* Reijo Sundén

## Shooting

Eight shooters represented Finland in 1980.

### 25 m pistol

* Pentti Linnosvuo
* Kalle Sievänen

### 50 m pistol

* Pentti Linnosvuo
* Kaarle Pekkala

### 300 m rifle, three positions

* Vilho Ylönen
* Esa Kervinen

### 50 m rifle, three positions

* Esa Kervinen
* Pauli Janhonen

### 50 m rifle, prone

* Vilho Ylönen
* Jussi Nordqvist

### Trap

* Väinö Broman
# Robert Perkinson

Robert Perkinson is an American historian and Associate Professor of American Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. He is the author of Texas Tough: The Rise of a Prison Empire (2010) which received the 2011 PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award.

## Education and academic career

Perkinson attended Jackson Hole High School in Jackson, Wyoming and graduated with honors in 1987. Between 1985 and 1986, he participated in International Student Exchange at the Colegio Concepcion in Concepcion, Chile. At the University of Colorado at Boulder, Perkinson received his Bachelor of Arts with honors in History, with a minor in Ethnic Studies in 1994. He attended Yale University and earned his Master of Arts and Ph.D. in American Studies, where he also co-founded the Student Legal Action Movement. His dissertation is titled The Birth of the Texas Prison Empire, 1865-1915. He also served as a political columnist for the Boulder Weekly and editorial assistant for Critical Asian Studies in Boulder, Colorado.
Perkinson joined the American Studies department at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 2001. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in areas such as crime and punishment, Southern and Western history, race and class, and American empire.
His book, Texas Tough, addresses the history of American punishment, race, economy, and politics in the United States, with an emphasis on Texas—the most locked down state in the United States. The book was reviewed in many publications including The New York Times, The New Republic, Columbia Journalism Review, and Boston Globe.
In 2014, he was involved with the State of Hawai‘i's and the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa’s efforts to host the Obama Presidential Center in Honolulu.

## Awards and honors

In 2011, his book Texas Tough was awarded the PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for nonfiction.
November 11, 2011 was officially declared "Robert Perkinson day" in the state of Hawai'i by governor Neil Abercrombie and lieutenant governor Brian Schatz.

## Recent Publications

* "Rick Perry, Criminal Justice Reformer?" The New Republic. 17 September 2011
* "Nightmares of My Grandfather." Huffington Post. 26 May 2010
* "The 'Jim Crow' Injustice of Crack Cocaine Continues." The Root. 13 May 2010
* "‘Hell Exploded’: Prisoner Music and Memoir and the Fall of Convict Leasing in Texas." Prison Journal. 89, no. 1, March 2009
* "The Prison Dilemma: Getting Past the Punitive Turn." The Nation. 6 July 2009
* "American Race Relations in the Age of Obama." Journal of English and American Studies (South Korea). 7, December 2008
* "Guarded Hope: Lessons from the History of the Prison Boom." Boston Review. July/August 2008
* "Angola and the Agony of Prison Reform." Radical Philosophy Review. 3, no. 1 (2000)
* "'Between the Worst of the Past and the Worst of the Future': Reconsidering Convict Leasing in the South" (review) Radical History Review 71 (Spring 1998)
* "Adjusting the World Bank." Critical Asian Studies (formerly, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars). 27, no. 3 (October–December 1995)
* "Introduction to the Korean Nuclear Crisis." Critical Asian Studies. 26, nos. 1–2 (January–June 1994)