OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iowa Highway 28

Iowa Highway 28 is a 21.73-mile-long (34.97 km) state highway located in south central Iowa. The route begins at Iowa Highway 92 at Martensdale and ends at Interstate 35 / Interstate 80 in Johnston. It is the first major north–south highway east of Interstate 35 in the Des Moines metropolitan area.

## Route description

Iowa Highway 28 begins at Iowa Highway 92 at Martensdale in Warren County. From Martensdale, it continues north through Prole and Norwalk before crossing into Polk County. Just across the county line, Iowa 28 meets Iowa Highway 5 at a partial-cloverleaf interchange. Just north of the interchange is Army Post Road, a former alignment of Iowa Highway 5. Iowa 28 crosses the Raccoon River just south of Railroad Avenue in West Des Moines. From the river to the Interstate 235 interchange, the east side of the street is 63rd Street in Des Moines, while the west side of the street is 1st Street in West Des Moines. The dual designation of street names is particularly confusing to drivers and residents alike. North of I-235, Iowa 28 continues north through Windsor Heights until reaching U.S. Highway 6 at Hickman Road in Des Moines. U.S. Route 6 and Iowa Highway 28 run together for 1.32 miles (2.12 km), first east on Hickman Road, then north on Merle Hay Road. US 6 and Iowa 28 split at Douglas Avenue near Merle Hay Mall. Iowa 28 continues north along the Urbandale / Des Moines city limit line before ending at exit 131 of Interstate 35 / Interstate 80 at the Johnston / Urbandale city limit line.

## History

Iowa Highway 28 was designated on 16 October 1926 from Iowa Highway 2 in Martensdale to U.S. Highway 65 in Des Moines. Iowa 28's routing changed often until 1961 when it ended at Army Post Road. In 1980, it was extended northward to Hickman Road. In 1990 it was extended northward its current northern end when Iowa Highway 401 was turned over to local jurisdictions. Iowa 401 ran from the current US 6 / Iowa 28 intersection near Merle Hay Mall to Camp Dodge in Johnston. In 1995, Iowa 28 was expanded to four lanes road between Grand Avenue and Army Post Road. When the Iowa Highway 5 freeway was built, a diagonal connector was built from the freeway to Army Post Road. Upon completion, Iowa 28 was shifted to the new diagonal road and the old segments became Iowa Highway 296, an unsigned designation. By March 2011, the final segment of Iowa 296 had been turned over to local jurisdictions.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Warren | Martensdale | 0.000 | 0.000 | Iowa 92 – Indianola, Winterset |
| Warren–Polk county line | Norwalk–Des Moines line | 11.317 | 18.213 | Iowa 5 to I-35 – Knoxville |
| Polk | Windsor Heights–Des Moines line | 17.182 | 27.652 | I-235 (Exit 4) |
| Polk | Windsor Heights–Des Moines line | 18.687 | 30.074 | US 6 west (Hickman Road) |
| Polk | Des Moines | 20.000 | 32.187 | US 6 east (Douglas Avenue) |
| Polk | Urbandale–Des Moines– Johnston tripoint | 21.613 | 34.783 | I-35 / I-80 (Exit 131) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Experimental Biology and Medicine (Frontiers journal)

Experimental Biology and Medicine is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers experimental biological and medical research. The editor-in-chief is Nicola Conran (University of Campinas). It was established in 1903 as Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine and is published, as of January 2024, by Frontiers Media on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. The journal acquired its current name in 2001.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.8.
# Norðurmýri

Norðurmýri (Icelandic pronunciation:) is a neighborhood of central Reykjavík, Iceland.
Norðurmýri has been the home of a number of artists and scholars. The Reykjavík Art Museum (Kjarvalsstaðir) is located nearby.
# Nightmare (1956 film)

Nightmare is a 1956 American film noir crime film directed by Maxwell Shane and starring Edward G. Robinson, Kevin McCarthy and Connie Russell.
The story is based on a novel by William Irish (a pseudonym of Cornell Woolrich). The book had been previously adapted as the 1947 film Fear in the Night, originally titled Nightmare, also written and directed by Shane.

## Plot

New Orleans big-band clarinetist Stan Grayson experiences a nightmare in which he sees himself killing a man in a mirrored room, while in the background haunting dirge-like music plays. He awakens to find blood on himself, bruises on his neck and a key from the dream in his hand.
Grayson tells his brother-in-law, police detective Rene Bressard, about the problem but is dismissed. Later, the two men take a picnic in the country with Grayson's girlfriend and sister. Grayson leads them to the empty house from his dream, and it begins to rain. After they find a record player and begin dancing, Grayson's girlfriend bumps into the phonograph, changing the speed. The slowed music becomes the song from Grayson's nightmare. They then discover that the house contains a mirrored room as in Grayson's dream. When he finds that a murder did indeed take place, Bressard suspects Grayson.
Grayson, stressed and suicidal, protests his innocence, which makes Bressard dig deeper. They learn that a hypnotist living in Grayson's building may have caused him to commit the murder. Bressard now must prove that although Grayson committed the murder, he was acting against his will.

## Cast

* Edward G. Robinson as Rene Bressard
* Kevin McCarthy as Stan Grayson
* Connie Russell as Gina, Stan's Girl
* Virginia Christine as Mrs. Sue Bressard
* Rhys Williams as Deputy Torrence
* Gage Clarke as Harry Britten
* Marian Carr as Madge Novick
* Barry Atwater as Capt. Warner
* Meade Lux Lewis as Meade
* Billy May and His Orchestra as Themselves

## Production

The film was the first production of Pine-Thomas-Shane Productions, a new iteration of Pine-Thomas Productions, which had been based at Paramount from 1940 to 1954. The company signed a contract with United Artists, but William H. Pine died. The company was renamed Pine-Thomas-Shane to reflect the contribution of long-time screenwriter Maxwell Shane, and the titular Pine was Howard Pine, William Pine's son. The film was intended as the first of three films for United Artists, with the others to be Lincoln McEever and The Mountain Has No Shadow, although these were never produced. Filming began on October 31, 1955.
Billy May and His Orchestra perform in the film as themselves. They also provide the theme song, "Nightmare in New Orleans."
Although Edward G. Robinson does not portray the hypnotist in the film, he was promoted as such in the film's promotional materials.

## Reception

In a contemporary review for The New York Times, critic Milton Esterow called the film "... a modest melodrama with some crooked turns but neat performances ..."
The Los Angeles Times called Nightmare "draggy" and wrote: "Its opening scenes are effective, but things go haywire fast."
# Nadine Ibrahim

Nadine Ibrahim (born 1993 or 1994) is a Nigerian film director.

## Biography

Ibrahim was born in Kaduna, in northern Nigeria, and was raised as a Muslim. Her mother, Amina J. Mohammed is the former Nigerian minister of the environment and current Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. At a young age, Ibrahim developed an interest in storytelling and filmmaking rather than traditional academic subjects. She moved from Nigeria to Great Britain at the age of 14 and studied media and film production at the University of Gloucestershire. Among other things, she worked on projects for the United Nations and Fictionless films. Ibrahim was the associate producer for Hakkunde, about a Southern Nigerian who encounters Northern culture for the first time.
Her short documentary film Through Her Eyes was released in 2017. It tells the story of a Azeeza, a 12-year-old girl who was kidnapped and became a suicide bomber. The film was a semi-finalist at the Los Angeles Cinema Festival and was nominated in the short film category at the Africa International Film Festival. For the media group EbonyLife films and television she used film to tell stories of the ethnic groups of northern Nigeria, such as the Hausa, Fulani, Igbira, Igala, Tiv and Gbagyi. She is the CEO of a Nigerian-based multimedia company, Nailamedia, founded in 2017. Her documentary short film Marked, which she worked on for two years, was inspired by the marking on her aunt's face, and made its debut at the Aké Festival in Lagos in 2019. It deals with traditional scarification, which is widespread in Nigeria but also a taboo subject, however, the beauty aspect of it was what Ibrahim wanted to champion.
Ibrahim listed Tyler Perry, Alfred Hitchcock, Spike Lee and Ang Lee as her role models. Another important influence she mentions is her mother, through whose work in the government she learned of poverty and corruption in Nigeria. She has been named one of the top young Nigerian filmmakers to watch.

## Partial filmography

* 2015: Idéar (short film)
* 2017: Hakkunde (short film)
* 2017: Through Her Eyes (short film)
* 2018: Tolu (short film)
* 2019: I am not corrupt (short film)
* 2019: Marked (short film)
* 2019: Words cut deep (short film)
# Simon Thompson (professor)

Simon Thompson is a research computer scientist, author, and an emeritus professor of the University of Kent, specializing in logic and computation. His research into functional programming covers software verification and validation, programming tool-building, and software testing for the functional programming languages Erlang, Haskell, and OCaml. He is the author of books on data type theory, Miranda, Haskell, and Erlang, and runs a massive open online course about Erlang for FutureLearn.

## Education

Thompson earned a Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.) from the University of Oxford in 1984 with a dissertation titled "Recursion theories on the continuous functionals". Thompson's doctoral adviser was Robin Oliver Gandy.

## Work

As of 2019, he worked for Input Output Global, Input Output Hong Kong on domain-specific languages for the Cardano blockchain platform. There, he developed a specialised smart contract language, Marlowe, designed for non-programmers working in the financial sector.

## Books

His books include:
* Thompson, Simon (January 1991 – March 1999). Type Theory and Functional Programming. International Computer Science Series. Addison-Wesley; Computing Laboratory, University of Kent. ISBN 979-8482847145.
* Thompson, Simon (21 July 1995). Miranda: The Craft of Functional Programming. International Computer Science Series. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0201422795.
* Thompson, Simon (1996–2011). Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming. International Computer Science Series (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0201882957.
* Cesarini, Francesco; Thompson, Simon (28 July 2009). Erlang Programming: A Concurrent Approach to Software Development. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0596518189. Quotes, Francesco Cesarini, founder: Erlang Solutions Ltd.
# Prima Donna (cheese)

Prima Donna is a Dutch cheese brand of Vandersterre Groep.
# Cyanea truncata

Cyanea truncata is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Punaluu cyanea. It is endemic to the islands of Oahu and Molokai in Hawaii, but it is now critically endangered. It exists in cultivation and some individuals have been planted in appropriate habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
By the 1980s this Hawaiian lobelioid was known only from the Koʻolau Mountains of Oahu, and the last plants were seen in 1983. No more were found until 1998 when one plant was discovered; it died in 2001 but by then its offspring were being propagated. In 2004 three plants were discovered and these were still alive two years later. In the meantime, the offspring of the propagated individual had been planted in appropriate habitat. Some of these are still alive today, growing inside an enclosure along with another endangered plant, Schiedia kaalae, where they are protected from feral pigs that rove the area.
The aforementioned pigs were a major force that drove the plant to near extinction. The animals are extremely destructive to the habitat, rooting the soil, tearing down larger vegetation, uprooting small plants and seedlings, and transporting the seeds of exotic plants into the area. Exotic plants that threaten this and other rare natives include kukui (Aleurites moluccanus), ti (Cordyline fruitcosa), and Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius). Rats and slugs also damage the plants.
# Alexandre Ramalingom

Alexandre Ramalingom (born 17 March 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bnei Sakhnin in the Israeli Premier League. Born in France, he plays for the Madagascar national team.

## Club career

Ramalingom started his career in the amateur divisions of France with Marignane and Île-Rousse. He moved to AC Ajaccio in 2015, and made his senior debut with them in a 3–0 Ligue 2 loss to Stade de Reims on 20 March 2017.
On 23 June 2018, Ramalingom signed with Béziers. He debuted for Béziers in a 2–0 Ligue 2 win over AS Nancy on 27 July 2016, wherein he also scored his debut goal for the team.
Ramalingom joined R.E. Virton on 31 August 2019. Two months later, he was relegated to the club's B-team. He became a part of the first team again from start beginning of 2020. In September 2020 he returned to France with Sedan.

## International career

Ramalingom was born in France and is of Réunionnais and Malagasy descent. He was called up to represent the Madagascar national team for Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers in March 2020. He debuted in a 4–1 friendly win to FC Swift Hesperange on 7 October 2020.
# Wu Pass

Wu Pass or Wuguan was one of four strategic mountain passes along the southern border of the ancient state of Qin and the north western border of Chu. Wuguan is a modern-day town in Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province.
* This Shaanxi location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Caloron

In mathematical physics, a caloron is the finite temperature generalization of an instanton.

## Finite temperature and instantons

At zero temperature, instantons are the name given to solutions of the classical equations of motion of the Euclidean version of the theory under consideration, and which are furthermore localized in Euclidean spacetime. They describe tunneling between different topological vacuum states of the Minkowski theory. One important example of an instanton is the BPST instanton, discovered in 1975 by Alexander Belavin, Alexander Markovich Polyakov, Albert Schwartz and Yu S. Tyupkin. This is a topologically stable solution to the four-dimensional SU(2) Yang–Mills field equations in Euclidean spacetime (i.e. after Wick rotation).
Finite temperatures in quantum field theories are modeled by compactifying the imaginary (Euclidean) time (see thermal quantum field theory). This changes the overall structure of spacetime, and thus also changes the form of the instanton solutions. According to the Matsubara formalism, at finite temperature, the Euclidean time dimension is periodic, which means that instanton solutions have to be periodic as well.

## In SU(2) Yang–Mills theory

In SU(2) Yang–Mills theory at zero temperature, the instantons have the form of the BPST instanton. The generalization thereof to finite temperature has been found by Harrington and Shepard:
    $A_{\mu }^{a}(x)={\bar {\eta }}_{\mu \nu }^{a}\Pi (x)\partial _{\nu }\Pi ^{-1}(x)\quad {\text{with}}\quad \Pi (x)=1+{\frac {\pi \rho ^{2}T}{r}}{\frac {\sinh(2\pi rT)}{\cosh(2\pi rT)-\cos(2\pi \tau T)}}\ ,$
where ${\bar {\eta }}_{\mu \nu }^{a}$ is the anti-'t Hooft symbol, r is the distance from the point x to the center of the caloron, ρ is the size of the caloron, $\tau$ is the Euclidean time and T is the temperature. This solution was found based on a periodic multi-instanton solution first suggested by Gerard 't Hooft and published by Edward Witten.

## References and notes

* ↑ Belavin, A; Polyakov; Albert Schwartz; Tyupkin (1975). "Pseudoparticle solutions of the Yang–Mills equations". Physics Letters B. 59 (1): 85. Bibcode:1975PhLB...59...85B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(75)90163-X.
* ↑ See Das (1997) for a derivation of this formalism.
* ↑ Harrington, Barry; Shepard (1978). "Periodic Euclidean Solutions and the Finite Temperature Yang–Mills Gas". Physical Review D. 17 (8): 2122. Bibcode:1978PhRvD..17.2122H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.17.2122.
* ↑ Shifman (1994:122)
* ↑ Witten, Edward (1977). "Some Exact Multi-Instanton Solutions of Classical Yang–Mills Theory". Physical Review Letters. 38 (3): 121. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..38..121W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.121.
# Cyanea undulata

Cyanea undulata is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names wavy cyanea and leechleaf cyanea. It is endemic to the island of Kauai, where it is in rapid decline. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
This Hawaiian lobelioid is a shrub which can exceed three meters in height. The leaves have wavy edges and the flowers are yellow.
The plant was first described in 1909 and then it was not seen again until it was rediscovered in 1991. In 1994 there was a single population containing 28 plants. By 2006 the population was in poor shape, with a single mature plant and a few juveniles remaining.
The species has become rare because of habitat degradation by feral pigs, exotic plant species, and damage to plants caused by rats and slugs.
# Slaty bristlefront

The slaty bristlefront (Merulaxis ater) is a member of the Neotropical bird family Rhinocryptidae, the tapaculos. It is endemic to south-east Brazil.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The slaty bristlefront and Stresemann's bristlefront (Merulaxis stresemanni) form a superspecies, and the two might actually be one species. It has no subspecies.

## Description

The slaty bristlefront is 18.5 cm (7.3 in) long. A male weighed 37.2 g (1.31 oz) and a female 33 g (1.2 oz). The male is mostly dark blue gray. The lower back is dark brown and the flanks, vent, and tail are black. The female is over all shades of brown, lighter on the throat and breast. Both sexes have a crest of short stiff feathers that stand erect at the base of the bill and forehead.

## Distribution and habitat

The slaty bristlefront is found only in southeastern Brazil, in a narrow band near the Atlantic coast from Espírito Santo south to Santa Catarina. It might have formerly occurred further north in southern Bahia.
The slaty bristlefront is a bird of humid forests in both lowlands and mountains. In a few locations it is found at elevations as low as 100 m (330 ft) but more typically its lower limit is 400 m (1,300 ft). In the northern part of its range it is found only in the mountains, as high as 1,800 m (5,900 ft).

## Behavior
### Feeding

Little is known about the slaty bristlefront's diet. It is known to forage in pairs, though not close together, on the ground and in low vegetation.

### Breeding

One slaty bristlefront nest has been described, in Rio de Janeiro state. It was constructed by both members of a pair using twigs, narrow leaves, and leaf stems with a lining of lichen. It was placed in a roughly horizontal burrow at least 1.24 m (4.1 ft) long in an earthen bank.

### Vocalization

* Songs and calls
* Listen to slaty bristlefront on xeno-canto
The slaty bristlefront begins its song with a series of clicks followed by a trill described as "hysterical laughter". It has several calls, described as “tsewk-tsewk, pit”, “keekick”, and “he-he-heeheeheehee”.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the slaty bristlefront as least concern. It is threatened by habitat loss, especially in the lowlands.
# Blockley Township, Pennsylvania

Blockley Township was a township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated in 1704, the township was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia under the 1854 Act of Consolidation.

## History

An irregularly shaped area of 7,580 acres (31 km$^2$), Blockley Township was located on the west side of the Schuylkill River, north of Kingsessing Township; bounded on the east by the Schuylkill; extending south from the county line, opposite to, but a little below, the mouth of the Wissahickon, down to the Nanganesy or Mill Creek, below the Woodlands; then by the same creek up to Chadd’s Ford Turnpike, known in later years as the Baltimore Pike; along the same to Cobb’s Creek; then by the courses of the same to the county line adjoining Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, and along the same to the Schuylkill River.
Within its boundaries were the villages of Hamilton, Mantua, West Philadelphia, Hestonville and Haddington.
It was traversed by the Darby Road (today's Woodland Avenue) and Chadd’s Ford or Baltimore Pike, the road to West Chester, to Haverford and to Lancaster.
The name is derived from Blockley, a parish in England in Worcestershire (since 1931 in Gloucestershire) from which the township's founder, William Warner, hailed. In Philadelphia, "Blockley" was synonymous with the Blockley Almshouse that opened here in 1832. The township also contained The Woodlands; the former estate of William Hamilton, grandson of Andrew Hamilton, which was converted in 1840 to the Woodlands Cemetery.
The boundaries and area changed on February 17, 1844, when the area encompassing Mantua and Hamilton were incorporated into the Borough of West Philadelphia, dividing the remaining township into two almost unconnected sections.
The township was incorporated into Philadelphia proper by the 1854 Act of Consolidation.
# Ben Osmo

Ben Osmo is an Australian Production Sound Mixer. He is recipient of an Academy Award, three AACTA Awards and an honorary Australian Centenary Medal 2001. He is best known for his works Dead Calm (1989), Strictly Ballroom (1991) and Mad Max: Fury Road, which earned him the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing at the 88th Academy Awards alongside Chris Jenkins and Gregg Rudloff.

## Filmography

* 2015: Women He's Undressed (documentary)
* 2015: Mad Max: Fury Road
* 2014: Devil's Playground
* 2012: The Sapphires
* 2011: Shelling Peas (Short)
* 2011: Sleeping Beauty
* 2009: The Boys Are Back
* 2008: Newcastle
* 2008: The Black Balloon
* 2006: Monarch Cove
* 2006: Charlotte's Web
* 2003: Fuel (Short)
* 2003: Peter Pan
* 2003: Danny Deckchair
* 2002: The Nugget
* 2002: Rabbit-Proof Fence
* 2001: The Man Who Sued God
* 2001: He Died with a Felafel in His Hand
* 2001: Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles
* 2000: The Monkey's Mask
* 1999: Holy Smoke!
* 1998: Babe: Pig in the City
* 1997: Oscar and Lucinda
* 1997: Robinson Crusoe
* 1996: The Phantom
* 1995: Babe
* 1995: Operation Dumbo Drop
* 1994: Country Life
* 1993: The Custodian
* 1992: Lorenzo's Oil
* 1992: The Last Days of Chez Nous
* 1992: Strictly Ballroom
* 1992: Turtle Beach
* 1990: Prisoners of the Sun
* 1989: Bangkok Hilton (3 episodes)
* 1989: Dead Calm
* 1988: Emerald City
* 1988: The Clean Machine
* 1987: HighTide
* 1987: Peter Kenna's The Good Wife
* 1984: Crime of the Decade
* 1984: Kindred Spirits
* 1983: Scales of Justice
* 1976: No Fences, No Boundaries: Walter Burley Griffin
* 1975: Double Dealer

## Awards and nominations

* 2001: Australian Centenary Medal 2001 – Honorary (2001)
* 1989: AACTA Award for Best Sound – Dead Calm (won)
* 1991: AACTA Award for Best Sound – Strictly Ballroom (nom)
* 2007: The Zig Zag Lane IF Award for Best Sound – The Black Balloon (nom)
* 2015: AACTA Award for Best Sound – Mad Max: Fury Road (won)
* 2015: BAFTA Award for Best Sound – Mad Max: Fury Road (nom)
* 2015: Satellite Award for Best Sound – Mad Max: Fury Road (nom)
* 2016: Academy Award for Best Sound – Mad Max: Fury Road (Won)