OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Direct case

A direct case (abbreviated DIR) is a grammatical case used with all three core relations: both the agent and patient of transitive verbs and the argument of intransitive verbs, though not always at the same time. The direct case contrasts with other cases in the language, typically oblique or genitive.
The direct case is often imprecisely called the "nominative" in South Asia and "absolutive" in the Philippines, but linguists typically reserve those terms for grammatical cases that have a narrower scope. (See nominative case and absolutive case.) A direct case is found in several Indo-Iranian languages, there it may contrast with an oblique case that marks some core relations, so the direct case does not cover all three roles in the same tense. For example, Dixon describes "proto-Pamir" as having, in the present tense, the direct case for S and A and the oblique case for O (a nominative–accusative alignment), and, in the past tense, the direct for S and O and the oblique for A (an absolutive–ergative alignment). Because of this split (see split ergativity), neither "nominative" nor "absolutive" is an adequate description of the direct case, just as neither "accusative" nor "ergative" is an adequate description of the oblique case.
The Scottish Gaelic nominative case is also an example of a direct case, which evolved as the accusative became indistinguishable in both speech and writing from the nominative as a result of phonetic change. The situation in the Irish language is similar, though some pronouns retain a distinction (e.g. "you" (singular) - nominative tú, accusative thú)
In languages of the Philippines, and in related languages with Austronesian alignment, the direct case is the case of the argument of an intransitive clause (S), and may be used for either argument of a transitive clause (agent or patient), depending on the voice of the verb. The other transitive argument will be in either the ergative or accusative case if different cases are used for those roles. In languages where a single case is used for the other argument, as in Tagalog, it is called the indirect case. This is analogous to the direct–oblique distinction in proto-Pamir, but with the split conditioned by voice rather than by tense.
# Craggie Hope, Tennessee

Craggie Hope, Tennessee is an unincorporated small rural community located on the CSX Transportation railroad (formerly the Louisville and Nashville Railroad) line from Nashville to Memphis in southern Cheatham County, Tennessee.
At the beginning of the 21st century when all incorporated Tennessee communities were required to provide the state government with 20-year "urban growth plans", the nearby community of Kingston Springs at first planned to include Craggie Hope in its "urban growth boundary". The South Cheatham Advocate newspaper published there reported that community residents protested sufficiently at a public meeting regarding the proposed boundary that the plan to include Craggie Hope in it was abandoned. At this time it was stated that the community had approximately 100 residents, or slightly fewer; as the community does not have any formal boundaries as it is not a census-designated place, the accuracy of such a number is debatable.

## Notable places

Craggie Hope is the location of Bethany Hills, a youth camp associated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It was also previously the location of another camp, the "Fresh-Air Camp", an attempt to get inner city children, particularly those infected with or susceptible to tuberculosis, out into the more healthful country air. It has been the site of efforts to build a memorial honoring atomic veterans at its "Lovers' Leap", a scenic bluff vista over the valley of Turnbull Creek which has also been the site of serious and even fatal accidents, usually involving the abuse of alcohol.

## History

Below the hill and down the railroad from the old hotel was the McLean Cottage, owned by Nashville stove manufacturer I. F. McLean of the Arcade on 4th Avenue, Nashville. There was also "The Pines" cottage of Dr. Van Sanders. Across the street from the hotel on hill was the largest of the summer homes, the Cheek Cottage, belonging to Mr and Mrs. Joel Cheek of the Maxwell House Coffee fortune. Other cottages belonging to familiar Nashville names included those occupied by Alex, Erwin and Dillard Goodpasture, T. W. Moore and family, Mrs. Will Trousdale, Mrs. John Webber and Mr. and Mrs. Frank Davis.

## ReferenceS

* ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
* ↑ "Bethany Hills Camp & Conference Center" Archived November 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
* ↑ Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Tennessee. Accessed May 2010.
* ↑ Nashville Banner August 26, 1905
# Nicobar hooded pitta

The Nicobar hooded pitta (Pitta abbotti) is a species of passerine bird in the family Pittidae that is endemic to the Nicobar Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean.
It is a green bird with a black head and chestnut crown. It forages on the ground for insects and their larvae, and also eats berries. It breeds between February and August, the pair being strongly territorial and building their nest on the ground. Incubation and care of the fledglings is done by both parents. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the hooded pitta, now renamed to the western hooded pitta.

## Taxonomy

The Nicobar hooded pitta was formally described in 1902 by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond from a specimen collected by the naturalist William Louis Abbott on Great Nicobar Island in the eastern Indian Ocean. Richmond coined the binomial name Pitta abbotti where the specific epithet was chosen to honour the collector. The Nicobar hooded pitta was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the hooded pitta (Pitta sordida) (now the western hooded pitta). It is considered as a separate species based on the significant genetic and morphological differences. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
# Sigurður Bjarnason (politician)

Sigurður Bjarnason (18 December 1915 – 5 January 2012) was an Icelandic politician and diplomat.
He was born and grew up in Vigur in Ögur Parish in Norður-Ísafjarðarsýsla, Iceland. He was the eldest of the six children of Björg Björnsdóttir (7 July 1889 – 24 January 1977) and Bjarni Sigurðsson (24 July 1889 – 30 July 1974). He graduated from high school in 1935 and read law at the University of Iceland, graduating in 1941, then pursued postgraduate studies at the University of Cambridge, England. He worked for the newspaper Morgunblaðið as reporter, then political editor and finally editor from 1956 to 1970.
He served as speaker of the Lower House of the Althing 1949 to 1956 and again from 1963 to 1970. He was later the Icelandic ambassador to Denmark (1970–1976), Turkey (1970–1976), Ireland (1970–1983), China (1973–1976), the United Kingdom (1976–1982), the Netherlands (1976–1982), Nigeria (1976–1982), Cyprus (1983–1985), and India (1984–1985). Sigurður served as the President of the Nordic Council from 1965 to 1966. He sat on the United Nations General Assembly from 1960 to 1962.
He married sculptor Ólöf Pálsdóttir (14 April 1920 – 21 February 2018) on 5 February 1956; they had two children, Hildur Helga and Ólafur Páll.
# Montana Highway 42

Montana Highway 42 (MT 42) is a short, 2.892-mile-long (4.654 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Montana, connecting MT 24 with downtown Glasgow. Formerly Highway 24W, Highway 42 (its route number a reversal of "24") runs northwest from where Highway 24 crosses the BNSF Railway's Northern Transcon, staying parallel to the tracks until it turns right in Glasgow's downtown and dives under the railroad to meet with and terminates at U.S. Route 2 (US 2).

## Route description

MT 42 begins at a T-intersection with MT 24 southwest of Glasgow. MT 24 makes up the northern and southeastern leg of the intersection, while MT 42 heads to the northwest. For most of its length, the route is situated between the Milk River and the Northern Transcon. MT 42 and the railroad enter Glasgow from the southeast and both curve to the north-northwest; in town, the highway follows First Avenue South. Near the city's Amtrak station, MT 42 turns to the north onto Sixth Street and crosses beneath the railroad tracks. Shortly thereafter, it ends at its intersection with US 2.

## History

The highway was renumbered from 24W to 42 in 1994.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Valley County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | MT 24 | Southern terminus |
| Glasgow | 2.892 | 4.654 | US 2 | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Pinkerton syndrome

Pinkerton syndrome is a term for the perceived tendency of some Asians to regard white people as superior or more desirable, especially for marriage or relationships.

## Etymology

Pinkerton syndrome is derived from the 1904 opera Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini, based on the 1898 short story Madame Butterfly by John Luther Long. The term "Pinkerton" is in reference to the character of United States Navy Lieutenant B. F. Pinkerton, an upper class white Anglo-Saxon Protestant, who marries a Japanese girl for convenience while docked in Nagasaki, but plans to abandon her as soon as he leaves Japan and to find a suitably upper class white American wife. Lt. Pinkerton's young Japanese wife, and initially her family, are very excited about her marriage to an American man. However, when she later finds out that Pinkerton has indeed abandoned her and re-married a white American woman, she commits seppuku.

## Empirical evidence

Empirical evidence for the Pinkerton syndrome was first examined in Singapore. After a cursory search of Singapore's online media, it was argued that the Pinkerton syndrome is not restricted to interpersonal attraction. As such, the Pinkerton syndrome was redefined broadly "as the tendency for Asians to be prejudiced and to discriminate in favor of white people". In a simulated hiring decision task, Singaporean Chinese participants rated a white job applicant as more suitable for the job and recommended them a higher salary than an equally qualified Chinese applicant. The study provided the first and only empirical evidence of the Pinkerton syndrome in Singapore.
# Jimmy Bulus

Jimmy Bulus (born October 22, 1986 in Kaduna, Nigeria) is a Nigerien football player who played for the Niger national football team.

## Career

Jimmy Bulus started his career in JS du Ténéré in Niger and went on to ASFA Yennenga in the Burkinabé Premier League.

## International career

He was a member of Niger national football team, for which he plays from 2003. He played in the 2012 African Nations Cup, mostly on right back position.
# Psoralea cataracta

Psoralea cataracta is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It was declared extinct in 2008 in the Red List of South African Plants, with a single specimen collected from the Tulbagh Waterfall in 1804. It was rediscovered 200 years later by Brian Du Preez in November of 2019 in the Winterhoek Mountains near Tulbagh. It is endemic to the Western Cape. It is also known by the name waterfall fountainbush.

## Description

Psoralea cataracta has small purple flowers dangling on long, thread-like flower stalks.

## Distribution

Psoralea cataracta is found around the southern slopes of the Winterhoek Mountains in the Tulbagh Valley.

## Conservation status

As of the 2022 classification, Psoralea cataracta is classified as Critically Endangered due to its restricted extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of less than 8 km$^2$, the threat of alien invasive species such as Acacia mearnsii and species of Pinus, and the expansion of farmland in the Winterhoek Mountains.
# Classic Rock series

The Classic Rock series of albums are a collection of classical crossover records by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Royal Choral Society, consisting of orchestral/choral arrangements of pop/rock songs. They began with a concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The first album in the series was released in 1977 with the release of Classic Rock on K-tel Records. The album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios and produced by Jeff Jarratt & Don Reedman. Andrew Pryce Jackman was the primary arranger and conductor for the series.
| Year | Album title, UK record label and catalogue number | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Notes |
| Year | Album title, UK record label and catalogue number | UK | GER | Certifications | Notes |
| 1977 | Classic Rock K-tel Cat No ONE 1009 | 3 | 5 | UK: Platinum | Re-released in 1989 in the UK by Telstar Records Cat No STAR 6001 |
| 1978 | Classic Rock - The Second Movement K-tel Cat No ONE 1039 | 26 | 3 | — | Re-released in the UK on Telstar Records as Classic Rock 2 - The Second Movement Cat No STAR 6007 |
| 1979 | Classic Rock - Rhapsody In Black K-tel Cat No ONE 1063 | 34 | — | UK: Gold | Re-released in 1986 in the UK on Telstar Records as Classic Rock 3 - Rhapsody In Black Cat No TCD 6003 |
| 1981 | Classic Rock - Rock Classics K-tel Cat No ONE 1123 | 5 | — | UK: Gold | Re-released in 1987 (LP & cassette) & 1989 (CD) in the UK by Telstar Records as Classic Rock 4 - Rock Classics Cat No STAC 600 (LP & cassette) / STAR 6004 (CD) |
| 1982 | The Best of Classic Rock K-tel Cat No ONE 1080 | 35 | — | UK: Gold | |
| 1983 | Classic Rock - Rock Symphonies K-tel Cat No ONE 1243 | 40 | 6 | UK: Silver: | Re-released in 1989 in the UK by Telstar Records as Classic Rock 5 - Rock Symphonies Cat No STAR 6005 Released in Germany and Switzerland by K-tel as New Classic Rock (Cat No TG 1467) but with a different running order. |
| 1985 | The Power of Classic Rock Portrait Records Cat No PRT40 10049 | 13 | 14 | UK: Gold | |
| 1987 | Classic Rock - Countdown Portrait Records Cat No MOOD 3 | 32 | — | — | |
| 1989 | Classic Rock - The Living Years Portrait Records Cat No MOOD 9 | 51 | — | UK: Silver | |
| 1991 | Wind of Change Classic Rock Portrait Records Cat No MOOD 19 | 24 | — | — | |
| 2006 | Essential Classic Rock Horizon Records Cat No 5060083504036 | — | — | — | This is a 4-CD box set of Classic Rock, Classic Rock 2 - The Second Movement, Classic Rock 3 - Rhapsody In Black, and Classic Rock 4 - Rock Classics. |
| 2013 | Simply Orchestral Rock - Music from the Classic Rock series Union Square Music Cat No DDSIMPLY119 | — | — | — | A collection of 48 tracks with a playing time of 4 hours |
# Colorado State Highway 94

State Highway 94 (SH 94) is an 85.5-mile-long (137.6 km) east–west Colorado state highway that goes east beginning from US 24 just east of Colorado Springs and ending at U.S. Highway 40/U.S. Highway 287 in rural Cheyenne County west of Wild Horse. The highway serves Schriever Air Force Base and the towns of Ellicott, Yoder, and Rush, where it then crosses through rural country. It also serves the Punkin Center area where it comes to a junction with SH 71. It then passes through more very rural country until it reaches a stop at US 40/287 west of the unincorporated town of Wild Horse.
Throughout most of its length, the highway runs due east–west, pointing exactly at Pikes Peak. Under good conditions, the peak can be seen as far east as the rise between mileposts 78 and 79.
"Garbage Hill" gets its name from the Colorado Springs landfill located north of the highway. Originally, the entrance to the landfill was partway up the hill, but currently the entrance is from Blaney Road at the top of the hill. At the bottom of the hill, which is the eastern side of Jimmy Camp Creek valley, there are wrecking yards and two motocross tracks. This hill is one of the most severe hills on Highway 94, having a climbing lane.
Ellicott, Colorado is located along State Highway 94, is the last location for travelers going eastbound to re-fuel, as there are no gas services for the rest of the highways length.

## History

The route was established in the 1920s, with the eastern end swerving north then east, ending at Boyero. By 1954, the eastern end no longer swerved north, and by 1970 the eastern end was extended to US 40/287 near Aroya with the entire highway paved.
In September 2020, the Colorado Department of Transportation began work on an $11 million construction project on the segment between US 24 and Enoch Road as part of a larger project to improve mobility for the military installations in the Colorado Springs metropolitan area to improve safety, including a westbound passing lane and a reverse jughandle intersection and traffic signal at Blaney Road South. The projects on SH 94 were completed in June 2023.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| El Paso | Colorado Springs | 0 | 0.0 | US 24 – Colorado Springs, Falcon | Western terminus |
| Lincoln | Punkin Center | 54.5 | 87.7 | SH 71 – Limon, Ordway | |
| Cheyenne | ​ | 86 | 138 | US 40 / US 287 – Limon, Kit Carson, Hugo, Wild Horse | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||
# LG Optimus LTE

The LG Optimus LTE is one of the first released 4G LTE smartphones running under the Android operating system that is manufactured by LG. It was first released on October 10, 2011 in South Korea.

## Variants

| Model | Product name | Country | Carrier | Network | Release date | Size | weight |
| LG P936 | LG Optimus True HD LTE | International | | FDD-LTE + WCDMA+GSM | | 132.9 x 67.9 x 10.4 mm | 135 g |
| SU640 | LG Optimus LTE | South Korea | SK Telecom | FDD-LTE + WCDMA+GSM | October 10, 2011 | 69 x 133.9 x 10.5 mm | 135.4 g |
| LU6200 | LG Optimus LTE | South Korea | LG U+ | FDD-LTE + WCDMA + GSM + CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev.A & B | October 10, 2011 | 67.9 x 132.9 x 10.4 mm | 139.17 g |
| LG P930 | LG Optimus LTE | Canada | Bell Canada | FDD-LTE + WCDMA+GSM | November 22, 2011 | 133.9 x 67.9 x 10.48 mm | 135 g |
| LG P930 | LG Nitro HD | United States | AT&T | FDD-LTE + WCDMA+GSM | December 4, 2011 | 134 x 68 x 10 mm | 128 g |
| L-01D | Optimus LTE L-01D | Japan | NTT docomo | FDD-LTE + WCDMA+GSM | December 15, 2011 | 67.9 x 132.9 x 11.4 mm | 140 g |
| LG VS920 | LG Spectrum | United States | Verizon Wireless | FDD-LTE + CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev.A | January 19, 2012 | 135 x 69 x 11 mm | 141 g |
| LG P935 | LG Optimus LTE | Canada | Telus | FDD-LTE + WCDMA+GSM | February 2012 | 133.9 x 67.9 x 10.5 mm | 135 g |

### LG Nitro HD

The LG Nitro HD (LG P930) is U.S. variant of the LG Optimus LTE for AT&T. It was released on December 4, 2011. At the time of release, it was the only 4G phone on AT&T to feature a true HD, 1280×720 AH-IPS display. An OS update to Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich, was released on July 31, 2012.

### LG Spectrum

The LG Spectrum (LG VS920) is U.S. variant of the LG Optimus LTE for Verizon Wireless. It was released on January 19, 2012. An OS update to Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich, was released in November 2012.

### Optimus LTE L-01D

The Optimus LTE L-01D is Japanese variant of the LG Optimus LTE for NTT docomo. It was released on December 15, 2011. This variant includes several additional features such as 1seg terrestrial television and FeliCa (Wallet Mobile).

### LG Optimus True HD LTE

The LG Optimus True HD LTE(LG-P936) is among other countries in Europe and Asia the name of the German edition of the LG Optimus LTE for Vodafone. In Germany it was presented to the public for the first time at the end of April 2012 in Düsseldorf. In Sweden, Portugal, Singapore and Hong Kong the Optimus True HD LTE was also sold from the end of April.
# Ptilotus actinocladus

Ptilotus actinocladus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to inland Western Australia. It is a prostrate annual herb with a central stem and radiating lateral stems, linear to lance-shaped stem leaves, pink spherical or cylindrical spikes of flowers with long, silky hairs, and four fertile stamens.

## Description

Ptilotus actinocladus is a prostrate, annual herb that typically grows up to 10 cm (3.9 in) high and 5 cm (2.0 in) wide, with a central stem and radiating lateral stems up to 18 cm (7.1 in) long. The stem leaves are linear to lance-shaped, 4–22 mm (0.16–0.87 in) long and 0.5–3 mm (0.020–0.118 in) wide. The flowers are pink, borne in spherical to cylindrical heads 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long and 11–14 mm (0.43–0.55 in) wide on the end of lateral stems. There are egg-shaped, glabrous, translucent bracts and broadly egg-shaped bracteoles. The tepals are narrowly lance-shaped, less than 10 mm (0.39 in) long, the outer surface with long, silky, knotty hairs. There are four fertile stamens and one staminode 2.3–2.5 mm (0.091–0.098 in) long. Flowering has been observed from July to November.

## Taxonomy

Ptilotus actinocladus was first formally described in 2018 by Timothy Hammer and Robert Davis in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected on Doolgunna Station in 2003. The specific epithet (actinocladus) is from Ancient Greek words meaning 'a ray or beam' and 'a branch or stem', referring to the sometimes many prostrate flowering stems of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

Ptilotus actinocladus has been collected on Doolgunna Station, Woodlands Station and Belele Station in the Gascoyne and Murchison bioregions of inland Western Australia, where it grows on seasonally flooded plains, with sparse vegetation.

## Conservation status

This species of Ptilotus is listed as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations where it is potentially at risk.
# Tebesa Nemine

Tebesa Nemine (born 8 February 1986 in Delta State, Nigeria) is a competitive swimmer from Nigeria and an aspiring Olympian. He is best known for winning 12 gold medals and one silver medal at the KADA 2009 Nigerian National Sports Festival in Kaduna.
Nemine hails from the Burutu Local Government area in Delta State. He is the first of six children. He started swimming at age 13 and was spotted by the then Delta State Swim Coach Monday Aigbe, after winning a swimming competition in the river. Aigbe took him to a pool and began coaching him to become an elite swimmer.
Nemine said he was inspired by Michael Phelps after he set out to win 8 gold medals and achieved his target. Nemine felt he could do the same.
Due to his record setting performance at the Sports Festival, He was awarded 6 million naira ($39,000) by the Delta State Governor Emmanuel Uduaghan; 500,000 naira ($3250) for every gold medal won. He has been awarded a scholarship to study and train in a Swim Academy in Australia as preparation for the 2012 Summer Olympics and was named the Delta State ambassador for youths in the riverine area.
Nemine credits his family's swimming lineage (his cousin Blessing Forcados has represented Nigeria at various international meets), his hard working father and the Delta State government for his achievement (the state funded his training in France as preparation for the Festival).