OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henrik Dam

Carl Peter Henrik Dam (21 February 1895 – 17 April 1976) was a Danish biochemist and physiologist.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1943 for joint work with Edward Doisy in discovering vitamin K and its role in human physiology. Dam's key experiment involved feeding a cholesterol-free diet to chickens. He initially replicated experiments reported by scientists at the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC). McFarlane, Graham and Richardson, working on the chick feed program at OAC, had used chloroform to remove all fat from chick chow. They noticed that chicks fed only fat-depleted chow developed hemorrhages and started bleeding from tag sites. Dam found that these defects could not be restored by adding purified cholesterol to the diet. It appeared that—together with the cholesterol—a second compound had been extracted from the food, and this compound was called the coagulation vitamin. The new vitamin received the letter K because the initial discoveries were reported in a German journal, in which it was designated as Koagulationsvitamin.
He received an undergraduate degree in chemistry from the Copenhagen Polytechnic Institute (now the Technical University of Denmark) in 1920, and was appointed as assistant instructor in chemistry at the School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. By 1923 he had attained the post of instructor in biochemistry at the University of Copenhagen's Physiological Laboratory. He studied microchemistry at the University of Graz under Fritz Pregl in 1925, but returned to the University of Copenhagen, where he was appointed as an assistant professor at the Institute of Biochemistry in 1928, and assistant professor in 1929. During his time as professor at the University of Copenhagen he spent some time working abroad, and in 1934 submitted a thesis entitled Nogle Undersøgelser over Sterinernes Biologiske Betydning (Some investigations on the biological significance of the sterines) to the University of Copenhagen, and received the degree of PhD in biochemistry.
Between 1942 and 1945 Dam was a senior research associate at the University of Rochester; it was during this period that he was awarded the 1943 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. In 1951, he was one of seven Nobel Laureates who attended the first Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting.
# Maxime Cohen

Maxime C. Cohen is a professor of Retail and Operations Management and the Academic Director of the Bensadoun School of Retail Management at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Previously, he was the Director of Research at the Bensadoun School of Retail Management at McGill University. He holds the title of Scale AI Chair in Data Science for Retail.

## Education and career

Cohen did his Ph.D. in Operations Research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He completed his Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and a Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. His research interests are in data science, AI technologies, empirical and behavioral operations management, field experiments, online marketplaces, pricing and revenue management, and retail.
Cohen was appointed as Chief of AI Strategy at the CIUSSS West-Central Montreal in December 2024. Prior to this, he was appointed as the first Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer (CAIO) at ELNA Medical, Canada’s largest integrated network of medical clinics. He was also a visiting professor and Shubik Fellow at Yale School of Management in 2023-2024. Before joining the faculty at McGill University, Cohen was an assistant professor of technology, operations, and statistics at the NYU Stern School of Business. He also worked as a research scientist at Google AI.
He has co-authored several books and published numerous academic papers in leading journals, including Harvard Business Review, Information Systems Research, Management Science, Marketing Science, MIT Sloan Management Review, etc. He worked extensively on pricing optimization and on demand prediction. In 2022, he co-authored a book titled Demand Prediction in Retail that was published by Springer. In September 2024, he authored the AI is Good for Us white paper highlighting the benefits and positive impacts of AI on humanity and society.

## Honours

* Top Retail Influencer, RETHINK Retail (2024).
* MSOM Young Scholar Prize (2022).
* Named to Poets&Quants' annual Best 40-Under-40 MBA Professors list (2022).
* CIST Best Conference Paper Nomination Award (2021).
* POMS Wickham Skinner Early-Career Research Accomplishments Award (2020).
* First Place in the Best OM Paper in Management Science Award (2019).
* UPS PhD Fellowship (2014-2015).
* Best Application of Theory award from the 2015 NEDSI Conference.
* MIT Energy Initiative Fellowship (2011-2012).
# Joseph Baptista

Joseph "Kaka" Baptista (17 March 1864 – 18 September 1930) was an Indian politician and activist from Bombay (today known as Mumbai), closely associated with the Lokmanya Tilak and the Home Rule Movement. He was the first president of Indian Home Rule League established in 1916. He was elected as the mayor of Bombay in 1925. He was given the title Kaka that means "uncle".

## Early life

Joseph Baptista was born on 17 March 1864 in Matharpacady in Mazagaon, Bombay. His father, John Baptista hailed from Uttan, near Bhayandar. The Baptistas belonged to the East Indian ethnic community.
He completed his early education from St. Mary's School, Mumbai. He then joined the College of Engineering in Pune and later pursued a BA degree in political science from the Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. During this period, he first met Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

## Political activism

In 1901, Baptista joined the Bombay Municipal Corporation, and would be a part of the BMC for the next 17 years. Influenced by the Irish Home Rule movement, Baptista's ideas on an Indian version took root. His ideas deeply influenced Tilak and the two became close associates. He assisted Tilak by launching the Sarvajanik Ganpati (public Ganpati celebrations) to raise nationalistic feelings. In addition, Baptista coined the phrase "Swaraj is my Birthright", that was later made popular by Tilak. In 1916, along with Tilak, Annie Besant founded the Home Rule Movement, with Baptista opening the Belgaum unit. He was also the legal advisor to Lokmanya Tilak. Later he interviewed British Prime Minister David Lloyd George for the British government's views on the Home Rule. In the interview, Baptista gained the impression "that the Cabinet had decided to give India the fullest possible measure of Home Rule without delay."
Baptista was also a practising barrister at the Bombay High Court. One of his most high-profile clients was Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, where he demanded an open trial to assure the dignity of fundamental rights. In 1920, founded the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC). As a labour leader he took up the cause of mill workers and postmen and other blue collar workers. Although religious, he refused to mix politics and religion refusing to have separate religion-based electorates.
   I thoroughly disapprove of separate electorate for Indian Christians in water-tight compartments
In 1925, Baptista was elected as the mayor of the Bombay Municipal Corporation, a post that he occupied for a year.

## Death

Baptista died in 1930 and is buried in the Sewri cemetery. The Mazagon Gardens, site of the demolished Mazagaon Fort, near Dockyard Road station is named after him. On 12 October 2008, his tomb at Sewri cemetery was restored with the funds of local MLC Kapil Patil. The ceremony was attended by members of the Bombay Catholic Sabha and Shikshak Bharati, a teacher's organisation.
In 1999, a book on Baptista titled Joseph Baptista: The father of Home Rule in India was released by K R Shirsat at Lalbaug in Mumbai. Through the book, the author hoped that Baptista would be a role model for modern-day youths.
# Deltalipothrixvirus

Deltalipothrixvirus is a genus of viruses in the family Lipothrixviridae. Archaea acidianus serve as natural hosts. Two species are assigned to the genus.

## Taxonomy

The following two species are assigned to the genus:
* Deltalipothrixvirus beppuense, previously called Deltalipothrixvirus SBFV3
* Deltalipothrixvirus pozzuoliense, previously called Acidianus filamentous virus 2

## Structure

Viruses in Deltalipothrixvirus are enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 24 nm, with a length of 1100 nm. Genomes are linear, around 32kb in length. The genome codes for 51 proteins.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Deltalipothrixvirus | Rod-shaped | | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. Archaea acidianus serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are through passive diffusion.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Deltalipothrixvirus | Archea: acidianus | None | Injection | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
# Myrmecocephalus concinnus

Myrmecocephalus concinnus is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in Africa, North America, Oceania, South America, Southern Asia, and Europe.
# Rhythm 'n Notes: Improve Your Music Skills

Rhythm 'n Notes: Improve Your Music Skills (or Rhythm 'n Notes), known in Japan as Tenohira Rakushū: Zettai Onkan Training DS (てのひら楽習：絶対音感トレーニングDS, lit. "Musical Palm: Absolute Sound Sensation Training DS") is a music game published by Success in Japan, by Agetec in North America, and by 505 Games in Europe. It was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007. Its focus is on rhythm for drums and tonal patterns for piano.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 26/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| GameRevolution | F |
| IGN | 2.5/10 |
| NGamer | 20% |
The game received "generally unfavorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
# Cross-country skiing at the 2011 Asian Winter Games

Cross-country skiing at the 2011 Asian Winter Games was held at the Biathlon and Cross-Country Ski Complex in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The twelve events were scheduled for January 31 – February 6, 2011.

## Schedule

| Q | Qualification | F | Final |
| Event↓/Date → | 31st Mon | 31st Mon | 1st Tue | 2nd Wed | 3rd Thu | 5th Sat | 6th Sun |
| Men's sprint classical | Q | F | | | | | |
| Men's team sprint freestyle | | | F | | | | |
| Men's 10 km classical | | | | | F | | |
| Men's 15 km freestyle | | | | F | | | |
| Men's 30 km classical | | | | | | | F |
| Men's 4 × 10 km relay | | | | | | F | |
| Women's sprint classical | Q | F | | | | | |
| Women's team sprint freestyle | | | F | | | | |
| Women's 5 km classical | | | | | F | | |
| Women's 10 km freestyle | | | | F | | | |
| Women's 15 km classical | | | | | | | F |
| Women's 4 × 5 km relay | | | | | | F | |

## Medalists
### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sprint classical details | Alexey Poltoranin Kazakhstan | Nikolay Chebotko Kazakhstan | Yuichi Onda Japan |
| Team sprint freestyle details | Kazakhstan Alexey Poltoranin Nikolay Chebotko | Japan Masaya Kimura Nobu Naruse | South Korea Park Byung-joo Jung Eui-myung |
| 10 km classical details | Keishin Yoshida Japan | Nikolay Chebotko Kazakhstan | Alexey Poltoranin Kazakhstan |
| 15 km freestyle details | Keishin Yoshida Japan | Nobu Naruse Japan | Nikolay Chebotko Kazakhstan |
| 30 km classical details | Alexey Poltoranin Kazakhstan | Sergey Cherepanov Kazakhstan | Keishin Yoshida Japan |
| 4 × 10 km relay details | Kazakhstan Sergey Cherepanov Alexey Poltoranin Nikolay Chebotko Yevgeniy Velichko | Japan Kohei Shimizu Keishin Yoshida Masaya Kimura Nobu Naruse | South Korea Im Yeui-gyu Ha Tae-bok Lee Jun-gil Park Byung-joo |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sprint classical details | Madoka Natsumi Japan | Yelena Kolomina Kazakhstan | Oxana Yatskaya Kazakhstan |
| Team sprint freestyle details | Kazakhstan Oxana Yatskaya Yelena Kolomina | China Man Dandan Li Hongxue | Japan Naoko Omori Yuki Kobayashi |
| 5 km classical details | Masako Ishida Japan | Madoka Natsumi Japan | Li Hongxue China |
| 10 km freestyle details | Lee Chae-won South Korea | Masako Ishida Japan | Yuki Kobayashi Japan |
| 15 km classical details | Masako Ishida Japan | Yelena Kolomina Kazakhstan | Svetlana Malahova-Shishkina Kazakhstan |
| 4 × 5 km relay details | Kazakhstan Yelena Kolomina Oxana Yatskaya Anastassiya Slonova Svetlana Malahova-Shishkina | Japan Madoka Natsumi Masako Ishida Yuki Kobayashi Michiko Kashiwabara | China Man Dandan Li Hongxue Li Xin Liu Yuanyuan |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 6 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 5 | 6 | 4 | 15 |
| 3 | South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 36 |

## Participating nations

A total of 44 athletes from 7 nations competed in cross-country skiing at the 2011 Asian Winter Games:
* Afghanistan (1)
* China (5)
* India (8)
* Iran (3)
* Japan (10)
* Kazakhstan (8)
* South Korea (9)
# Hendrik Hansen

Hendrik Hansen (born 4 November 1994) is a German footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bayernliga club Würzburger FV.

## Career

In July 2017, Hansen left his hometown club VfL Wolfsburg after 15 years, and joined 3. Liga side Würzburger Kickers on a two-year deal.
On 25 January 2022, SSV Ulm 1846 announced that they had signed Hansen on a six-month contract.
# Tibet Daily

The Tibet Daily (Chinese: 《西藏日报》 བོད་ལྗོངས་ཉིན་རེའི་ཚགས་པར།) is the official newspaper of the Tibet Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was launched on April 22, 1956, and is headquartered at No. 36 Dosenger Road, Lhasa.

## History

In the fall of 1951, after the People's Liberation Army entered Lhasa, the oil-printed tabloid Xinhua Telegraph (Chinese: 《新华电讯》) was established. The following year, it was renamed News Brief (Chinese: 《新闻电讯》), published in both Tibetan and Chinese, and began covering local news. After the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China, the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region was established. At that time, the CCP Tibet Work Committee decided to transform News Brief into a newspaper that would serve both as the official organ of the CCP and the Preparatory Committee for the Autonomous Region.
On April 22, 1956, Tibet Daily was launched. In February 1955, the CCP Tibet Work Committee reported to the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party its plans for the newspaper's establishment. By March 1955, the CCP Central Committee approved the proposal. In October 1955, Zhang Jingwu, the Central People's Government representative in Tibet, sought instructions from Chairman Mao Zedong regarding the creation of a large-scale bilingual newspaper in Tibetan and Chinese. He also requested Mao's inscription for the newspaper's masthead. Mao advised that "When publishing a newspaper in a minority area, the priority should be to produce it in the minority's script." He further noted that, unlike Qinghai, Tibet should have a Tibetan-language newspaper, and that decisions on the newspaper's name and operation should be made locally, without external imposition.
On February 18, 1956, the CCP Tibet Work Committee officially decided to found Tibet Daily, and by March 7, 1956, the newspaper's Party Group and Editorial Committee were established. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the CCP Tibet Work Committee, concerned for the newspaper's safety, ordered it to relocate to the north side of the Tibet Military District compound. At the same time, pro-Chinese figures like Kaxue Dondrub Tsetsujang and Geshe Tsetsuza were also moved to the new location. The area was fortified with bunkers, trenches, sandbags, and wells, and sufficient supplies were stored for months. The newspaper, together with the Xinhua Branch, formed a militia company led by Lu Shuangxin (Chinese: 陆双欣), with Zhang Dengxing (Chinese: 张登兴) serving as company commander, comprising over 60 armed militiamen. On March 20, more than 100 Tibetans attacked the newspaper office from Ramoche Temple, but the militia successfully repelled the assault.
In August 1965, Mao Zedong inscribed the masthead of Tibet Daily.
# Excalibur (novel)

Excalibur is a 1973 Arthurian fantasy novel by American writer Sanders Anne Laubenthal. It was first published by Ballantine Books as the sixtieth volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in August, 1973, and has been reprinted a number of times since.

## Plot summary

The novel is set in modern times against the background of the legendary Medieval Welsh colonization of Mobile, Alabama under the prince Madoc in the 12th century. The modern Pendragon, King Arthur's secret successor, must recover Arthur's famed sword Excalibur.

## Critical reception

John Clute praised Excalibur as "a powerful fantasy which conflates the matter of Britain with an American Gothic version of Mobile, Alabama."
# Diamond Stars F.C.

The Diamond Stars Football Club is a Sierra Leonean professional football club based in Koidu Town, Kono District, Sierra Leone. The club represent the diamond-rich Kono District and is a member of the Sierra Leone National Premier League, the top football league in Sierra Leone. The club is coached by a Class A Coach ZAPA.

## History

The club got the name the Diamond Stars due to the rich diamond reserves in Kono district, where it is based. Diamond stars have one of the largest fan bases among Sierra Leonean football clubs and its supporters are primarily from Kono District. The club is owned a\ by the KonoDistrict Stakeholders, but was previously sponsored by the Koidu Holdings, diamond mining company, through their corporate social responsibility. However, the company stopped funding the Club in 2014.
The Diamond Stars became the champions of the 2012 and 2013 Premier League season, and the first club outside Freetown to ever won the Premier League. They won their first league title at the Wusum Sports Stadium in front of a capacity crowd of 5,000.
The club current coach is a Class A Coah ZAPA.
The club have won the Sierra Leonean FA Cup once, in 1992 and they are one of the most popular football clubs in Sierra Leone.
In October 2018, the Board of Trustees of the Diamond Stars Football Club appointed a new executive, chaired by PC George Bockrie Torto as Team Chairman and Mr. Adams Tommy as Team Manager. Other executive members include: Mark Yambasu (deputy chairman, Sahr Amadu Komba (Deputy Team Manager); Sahr Ezra Kellie (Team Secretary); Munya Kanneh (Welfare Officer); Tamba Senessie (PRO1); Berns Komba Lebbie (PRO2); Tamba Sylvanus Morsay (Organizing Secretary)

## Stadium

Koidu-Sefadu Sports Stadium is the home ground of the Diamond Stars. It is a multi-use 2,000 capacity soccer stadium located in Koidu Town, Kono District, Sierra Leone.

## Achievements

* Sierra Leone League
** Champions (2): 2012, 2013
* Sierra Leonean FA Cup
** Winners (2): 1992, 2012

## Performance in CAF competitions

* CAF Cup: 1 appearance
       1994 – withdrew in Quarter-Finals
* CAF Cup Winners' Cup: 2 appearances
       1989 – First Round
       1993 – Preliminary Round
# Connecticut Route 150

Route 150 is a state highway in southern Connecticut running for 9.04 miles (14.55 km) from the village of Northford, in the town of North Branford, through the center of Wallingford, to the village of Yalesville in Wallingford.

## Route description

Route 150 begins at an intersection with Route 22 in North Branford and heads northwest into Wallingford. In Wallingford, it heads north, intersecting I-91 at Exit 14. It then continues north and northwest to the center of Wallingford, where it crosses US 5. It then crosses the Quinnipiac River and intersects the Wilbur Cross Parkway (Route 15) at Exit 65, where it bends north-northeast. It meets Route 68 in the center of Yalesville just before crossing the Quinnipiac a second time. It then overlaps Route 71 for 0.13 miles through the one-lane Yalesville Underpass. After the underpass, Route 71 turns off to the southeast as Route 150 continues to end at US 5 just south of the Meriden town line.

## History

The road from Wallingford Center to the village of Northford was known as State Highway 226 in the 1920s. Route 150 was commissioned in 1932 partly from the western half of old Highway 226, running east–west from Cheshire to McKenzie Reservoir in eastern Wallingford along Wallingford Road, Center Street, East Center Street. In 1961, the rest of old Highway 226 was incorporated into Route 150, continuing south of East Wallingford along Northford Road to Route 17 in Northford. The following year, however, the section of Route 150 east of the current intersection with East Center Street (modern SR 738) was shifted to the current route along Woodhouse Avenue, with the southern terminus set at Route 17 in Northford. The Yalesville Underpass, built in 1838 and believed to be the oldest skew arch underpass in North America, was incorporated into Route 150 also in 1962, when the route was extended to its current northern terminus via a section of the old Hartford and New Haven Turnpike (former SR 555). In 1963, the southern terminus was shifted slightly to its current location at Route 22 with the section beyond the current terminus transferred to Route 22.

## Junction list

The entire route is in New Haven County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| North Branford | 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 22 – Northford, North Haven | Southern terminus |
| Wallingford | 2.97 | 4.78 | I-91 – New Haven, Hartford | Exit 13 on I-91 |
| Wallingford | 5.16 | 8.30 | US 5 – North Haven, Meriden | |
| Wallingford | 5.80 | 9.33 | Route 15 (Wilbur Cross Parkway) – Hartford, New Haven | Exit 65 on Wilbur Cross Parkway |
| Wallingford | 8.03 | 12.92 | Route 68 – Cheshire, Durham | |
| Wallingford | 8.50– 8.63 | 13.68– 13.89 | Route 71 – Meriden, Berlin | |
| Wallingford | 9.04 | 14.55 | US 5 – Wallingford, Meriden | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Connecticut Route 155

Route 155 is a Connecticut state highway running entirely within the city of Middletown. It is primarily used as a connector between the Route 9 expressway and Route 17 towards Durham.

## Route description

Route 155 begins at an intersection with Route 17 in southern Middletown. It proceeds east through residential areas for about 2.1 miles (3.4 km) towards Route 9, crossing over Sumner Brook and Mill Brook along the way. Route 155 officially ends at the end of the northbound Route 9 Exit 11 off-ramp, which is about 100 yards (91 m) east of the Route 9 underpass. The entire length of Route 155 is known as Randolph Road. Randolph Road continues east for another 0.2 miles (0.32 km) as a local road to Saybrook Road, which was the pre-expressway alignment of Route 9. Route 155 is a minor arterial road and carries traffic volumes of about 10,100 per day.

## History

Route 155 was commissioned in 1933 or 1934 as an additional connection between Routes 9 and 17. The eastern terminus has since been shifted from Saybrook Road to the current location, when Route 9 was moved to its expressway alignment in 1967. The Route 155 exit off Route 9 is now signed as the route for Durham.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Middletown, Middlesex County.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | Route 17 – Downtown Middletown, Durham | Western terminus |
| 2.16 | 3.48 | Route 9 – Old Saybrook, New Britain | Exit 21 on Route 9 |
| 2.22 | 3.57 | Randolph Road | Continuation east |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||