OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albert George Dew-Smith

Albert George Dew-Smith (27 October 1848 – 17 March 1903) was a British physiologist, lens maker, bibliophile, and amateur photographer. He co-founded the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company, and conducted early research with physiologist Michael Foster.

## Personal life and education

A. G. Dew-Smith was born in Salisbury, England to Charles Dew. He took the name Dew-Smith after inheriting substantial property in 1870. After being a pupil at Harrow School, he attended Trinity College, Cambridge, earning a B.A. (1873) and M.A. (1876) in Natural Sciences. He was an early student of Michael Foster, and conducted research on electrical stimulation of mollusc and frog hearts in the 1870s, making three working visits to the Naples Zoological Station. He enjoyed Italy and returned for visits later in his life.$^{:53}$
In 1895 he married Alice Lloyd, a New Zealand-born author; they had no children. They lived at Chesterton Hall on Chesterton Road, Cambridge. He died at Fulham, London, and is buried in Histon Road Cemetery, Cambridge.

## Career

A man of independent wealth, he financed the founding of The Journal of Physiology, of which Foster was the first editor. He was also a founding member of The Physiological Society. By around 1876-78 Dew-Smith had left scientific research, although he maintained an interest in producing laboratory equipment as well as contact with scientists at Cambridge. He had his own workshop and ground high-quality microscope lenses.$^{:53}$ Dew-Smith later launched the Cambridge Engraving Company, and in 1881 established the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company with Horace Darwin.
He became a noted photographer, particularly of portraits and scientific equipment. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Photographic Society of Great Britain and showed prints at the 1885 exhibition. He was also a fellow and life member of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
He gave up every day involvement in commercial activities after his marriage. He continued with some photography and lithography for personal pleasure. This included facsimile productions of old books and manuscripts. Dew-Smith was a significant collector of art, literature and gems. His collecting had started when he inherited wealth in 1870. He owned many first editions and hand written manuscripts by authors such as William Blake, Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley.$^{:59–68}$ He was a member of the Savile and Rabelais clubs in the 1880s and also the Society of Dilettanti in 1878.$^{:54}$
# Ardian Limani

Ardian Limani (born 18 November 1993) is a Kosovar professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Football Superleague of Kosovo club Prishtina

## Club career
### DRITA

Born in Gjilan, in modern-day Kosovo, with a family originally from the village of Gjilan. Limani played with Drita in the Football Superleague of Kosovo

### FC Feronikeli 74

Limani was transferred to Feronikeli in the summer of 2016. He debuted in the Super League of Kosovo, his opponent was Besa Pejë.
Stayed one year and was declared champion in Football Superleague of Kosovo

### DRITA

He returned in 2017 to FC Drita as captain, where he was declared the champion of Kosovo twice and stayed for six years.

### KF Shkëndija

Limani was transferred to the Albanian team from Macedonia Shkëndija in July 2023, where he stayed for six months

### FC Prishtina

He moved to Pristina in January 2024 and made his debut in the first match against current Kosovo champions Ballkani in the Kosovo Super Cup, where they won 2-1.
# Georgi Sapinev

Georgi Sapinev (Bulgarian: Георги Сапинев; born 8 January 1943) is a Bulgarian retired football player. Sapinev was an offensive midfielder. He played for Marek Dupnitsa between 1961 and 1972 and earned 232 caps and scored 47 goals.
# Stokell's smelt

Stokell's smelt (Stokellia anisodon) is a small freshwater fish, found in rivers between the Waiau and Waitaki Rivers on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. Their length is 7–9 centimetres (2.8–3.5 in). It is the only member of the genus Stokellia.
In recent years their numbers have declined rapidly.
# Atlanship

Atlanship SA, founded in 1982, is a Swiss shipping company that specializes in transporting refrigerated fresh and concentrated orange juice. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland with a representative office in Rotterdam. They provide full ship management services.

## The company today

Atlanship operational areas include South America, Europe, the United States, Japan and Korea.
In 2011, the Croatian shipyard Brodosplit, in the Adriatic port of Split, delivered the biggest ever orange juice carrier to Atlanship SA. The Orange Star is 190 metres long and 32 wide, and has a capacity of 35,750 tonnes. This giant juice tanker is the replacement vessel for the old Orange Star which was in service from 1975 to 2010, and then sold for scrap in India.

## The fleet

| Name | Type | IMO | Year |
| Orange Blossom | Juice tanker | IMO 8407931 | 1984, sold in 2015 |
| Bebedouro | Juice tanker | IMO 8503773 | 1986, sold in 2013 |
| Orange Wave | Juice tanker | IMO 9057123 | 1993 |
| Orange Sky | Juice tanker | IMO 9228370 | 2003 |
| Orange Sun | Juice tanker | IMO 9342580 | 2007 |
| Orange Star | Juice tanker | IMO 9564384 | 2011 |
| Orange Ocean | Juice tanker | IMO 9675391 | 2014 |
| Orange Blossom 2 | Juice tanker | IMO 9675406 | 2014 |
# Bělá pod Bezdězem

Bělá pod Bezdězem (German: Weisswasser) is a town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as urban monument zone.

## Administrative division

Bělá pod Bezdězem consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Bělá pod Bezdězem (4,320)
* Bezdědice (78)
* Březinka (134)
* Hlínoviště (174)
* Vrchbělá (19)
Bezdědice forms an exclave of the municipal territory.

## Etymology

The town's name is derived from the local stream Bělá and the nearby hill Bezděz. The town was first named Nový Bezděz ("New Bezděz"), but soon the name changed to Bělá.

## Geography

Bělá pod Bezdězem is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Mladá Boleslav and 49 km (30 mi) northeast of Prague. It lies in the Jizera Table with an exception of the Bezdědice exclave, which belongs to the Ralsko Uplands. The highest point is the hill Lysá hora at 365 m (1,198 ft) above sea level; the hill of Bezděz included in the town's name lies outside the municipal territory. The Bělá Stream originates here and flows through the town.

## History

Bělá pod Bezdězem was founded in 1304. Until 1398 it was a royal town. In the 16th and early 17th centuries, it was owned by the Berka of Dubá family. After their properties were confiscated after the Battle of White Mountain, Bělá pod Bezdězem was purchased by Albrecht von Wallenstein in 1622. After his death in 1634, it was acquired by Count Caretto-Millesimo. He sold the town to the Waldstein family in 1678 and they owned it until 1848.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 4,274 | — |
| 1880 | 4,214 | −1.4% |
| 1890 | 4,351 | +3.3% |
| 1900 | 4,622 | +6.2% |
| 1910 | 5,381 | +16.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 5,106 | −5.1% |
| 1930 | 5,662 | +10.9% |
| 1950 | 4,334 | −23.5% |
| 1961 | 4,642 | +7.1% |
| 1970 | 4,842 | +4.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 4,923 | +1.7% |
| 1991 | 4,736 | −3.8% |
| 2001 | 4,789 | +1.1% |
| 2011 | 4,890 | +2.1% |
| 2021 | 4,725 | −3.4% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/38 road (the section which connects Mladá Boleslav with Česká Lípa) passes next to the town.
Bělá pod Bezdězem is located on the railway line Kolín–Rumburk.

## Sights

In 1337, building of the town walls was finished. Their fragments have been preserved to this day. Bělá Castle was built on the place of a former fortress in 1582–1615. Today it serves as a museum.
The former Augustinian convent was built in 1345. Today, there are flats in the convent buildings. The Baroque Church of St. Wenceslaus was built next to the monastery in 1708–1712.
The current town hall was built in 1613. In 1852, second floor was added.

## Notable people

* Václav Trégl (1902–1979), actor
* Luděk Pachman (1924–2003), Czech-German chess grandmaster

## Twin towns – sister cities

Bělá pod Bezdězem is twinned with:
* Groß-Bieberau, Germany
* Svätý Jur, Slovakia
# Charlene Thompson

Charlene Thompson (born 26 July 1967) is a former Bermudian woman cricketer. She has played for Bermuda at the 2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier.
# Baari (film)

Baari (Punjabi: ਬਾਰੀ) is a 2015 Punjabi language Indian short film, directed by Jatinder Preet, a journalist turned filmmaker. Baari had its world premiere at International Film Festival of South Asia in Toronto, Canada in April 2015. It has also been shown at Imagineindia International Film Festival in Madrid, Spain.
Real life farmers and locals from village Changaliwal of Lehragaga in Sangrur district have played different roles in the film highlighting the plight of the widows left behind by the debt-ridden farmers who commit suicide.

## Plot

The story of the film is set in rural Punjab, a province in India known to have been the bread basket of the country, but now facing fallout of severe agrarian crisis. While men are addicted to drugs, women have been forced to look out for sustenance elsewhere. Some women in the village have started going to the nearby towns about whom the villagers make insinuating remarks. It's night and a woman, the central character in the film, who remains unnamed, is unable to sleep. She recounts her recent past from the time she came to that house as a newly-wedded bride. Her first husband, a small-time farmer, committed suicide and she was remarried to her brother in law, Bhola, a cripple and a drug-addict. Failing to cope with mounting debts he too ended his life consuming pesticide. Having watched them die one after the other, she is the one left to look for the rest of the family, consisting of her young daughter and infirm father in law. Spending the whole night awake she finally arrives at a decision. The woman who has so far seen decisions being taken for her by others only, decides to take things in her own hands and fight on. As another day comes up she announces to her father in law that she is going to town. She steps out of her home all prepared to face the challenges of life anew.

## Cast

* Raj Dhaliwal as central woman character
* Hardarshan as Bhola, her first husband
* Jagmel Singh as father-in-law
* Navdeep as first husband
* Pirthipal as Moneylender
* Ashok Garg as moneylender's assistant
* Veerpal Kaur as her daughter
* Chinto as a woman in the mourning and wedding scenes
* Gurmel Khokhar as first man in the mourning scene
* Bihari Mander as second man in the mourning scene

## Production

This is the debut film of the director Jatinder Preet, also known as Jaypee. The story of the film was developed during his visits with his partner Amrita Chaudhry to Lehragaga, a small town in Punjab that has witnessed a spate of farmer suicides over the past several years. The shooting for the film started in November 2014 and it was completed in four months under the banner Spirit of Amrita Foundation, formed after Chaudhary's death in a road accident in 2012. No professional actors were hired for the project and the film does not follow much of conventional cinematic devices, narrating the story in a very realistic manner. No background music has been used in the narrative with a realistic sound-design.
# File Under: Easy Listening

File Under: Easy Listening (also known as F.U.E.L.) is the second (not counting the EP Beaster) and final studio album by Sugar.

## Background

Primary songwriter Bob Mould discussed material written after Beaster in 1993: "It's pretty punk rock. Not real fast, just pretty basic. A lot of it's really vocal-y. Really beautiful and really harmonic, but it's real piledriving… Weird chord changes underneath real traditional vocal lines. So I think it'll be somewhere between these last two records. Also, I'm really starting to hate guitar solos, so I'm trying to avoid them. I'm bending a lot of strings, starting to sound like Johnny Thunders again."
An attempt to record the album in Atlanta proved abortive. "There were seventeen songs done," said Mould. "There were some vocals left to do, and that was it. But it wasn't satisfying me. I erased everything. What are you going to do – keep the tapes on a shelf somewhere? Like you'd ever go into that room again. 'Yes: there is my abject failure.' It's poison – get it out of your life."

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | B |
| Entertainment Weekly | A |
| The Guardian | |
| NME | 9/10 |
| Pitchfork | 7.8/10 |
| Q | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Select | 4/5 |
| The Village Voice | A |
"F.U.E.L. finds former Hüsker Dü man Bob Mould exorcising more demons over a structured barrage of pop noises," observed Steve Lamacq in Q. "The sounds and textures come from the dark, brooding Beaster while the melodies are lifted from the poppier Copper Blue."
"File Under Easy Listening is the kind of title that a third-rate death metal band would come with…" quipped Clark Collis in Select. "Also, there's the production. Where tracks like 'Changes' or 'Hoover Dam' off Copper Blue leapt out of the speakers with all the unrestrained force and tang of a nuclear-powered kipper, most of F.U.E.L. would probably ask your auntie's permission before even turning up… And then, slowly but surely, it all begins to make sense." The album peaked at No. 7 in the UK and No. 32 in Canada.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bob Mould; except where indicated. "We've come to a realisation," said Mould. "For all intents and purposes, it's my deal."

## Personnel

* Bob Mould – guitars, vocals
* David Barbe – bass, vocals
* Malcolm Travis – drums
* James SK Wān – bamboo flute

## Charts
### Album

Chart performance for File Under: Easy Listening :
| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 72 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 10 |
| UK Albums Chart | 7 |
| US Billboard Pop Albums | 50 |

### Single

Chart performance for singles from File Under: Easy Listening :
| Title | Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| "Your Favorite Thing" | UK Singles Chart | 48 |
| "Your Favorite Thing" | US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks | 14 |
| "Believe What You're Saying" | UK Singles Chart | 73 |
# Hydrogenophaga luteola

Hydrogenophaga luteola is a bacterium from the genus of Hydrogenophaga which has been isolated from pond water from Shangqiu in China.
# Guy Knowles

Guy John Fenton Knowles (1879–1959) was an engineer, an art collector and a benefactor of several museum collections. He was also a member of the expedition which made the first serious attempt to climb K2, the second-highest mountain in the World.
Guy Knowles was the son of Charles Julius Kino, a wealthy Russian-born wool merchant and hotel proprietor who was a friend and patron of Alphonse Legros and also knew Rodin, Kino changed his name to Knowles in the 1880s. As a boy Guy Knowles was allowed to play with clay in Rodin's studio.
Knowles was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge, and took a Second Class in Pt. I of the Mechanical Sciences Tripos in 1901.
Knowles's father died in 1900, whilst Guy was at Cambridge, and left him a considerable inheritance. In 1904, he and Lucien Legros, the son of the artist Alphonse Legros, started a motor vehicle company: Legros & Knowles Ltd in Cumberland Park, Willesden Junction, Willesden. Knowles purportedly provided a considerable portion of the company's finances. The two later established the Iris Car Company.

## Mountaineering

For a number of years, Knowles climbed in the Swiss Alps, in 1898 he was climbing there in the company of Oscar Eckenstein. In 1902 Eckenstein led an expedition making the first serious attempt to climb K2. Knowles was a member of that party and reportedly financed most of the expedition's costs. At one point on the expedition Aleister Crowley, another expedition member, threatened Knowles with a revolver and had to be forcibly disarmed, Knowles kept the revolver until the end of his life in 1959. Although he never climbed again in the Greater Ranges he did make further climbing trips to the Swiss Alps and was there with Eckenstein in 1904.

## War service

During the First World War, Knowles served in the Royal Garrison Artillery, reaching the rank of Captain. He was twice mentioned in despatches and was awarded the French Croix de Guerre and the Greek Military Cross.

## Art bequests

In his later years, Knowles lived in "a house full of treasures", which included a Degas bronze, two Rodins, ten Whistlers, and a magnificent Guardi sketch — apparently his father had bought the Guardi and a Titian sketch for 12s 6d each in the 1880s. In his will he left to the Fitzwilliam Museum what was described as "a remarkable collection of paintings, drawings, bronzes and miscellaneous works of art", and he is regarded as a major donor of the Fitzwilliam's Whistler collection.
# Tarndale bully

The Tarndale bully (Gobiomorphus alpinus) is a fish in the family Eleotridae endemic to New Zealand, where it is found only in the Tarndale Lakes.
# Battle of Kolno

The battle of Kolno was fought on 10 July 1794 during the Kościuszko Uprising, between Polish–Lithuanian insurgents, led by colonel Walenty Kwaśniewski, and Prussian Army led by general Heinrich Johann Günther. It took place in Kolno, in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, now part of Poland, and ended without definitive victors, with both sides retreating.

## History

Prussian General Heinrich Johann Günther, carrying about 750 troops, marched from Kozioł near the Pisa river to Szczuczyn, when on 9 July, he found the presence of Polish–Lithuanian insurgents, led by colonel Walenty Kwaśniewski, stationed in Kolno. Günther decided to strike it by surprise. At 1 am, the Prussians attacked the town, which contained around 1,450 Polish–Lithuanian soldiers.
The Prussians struck at the insurgents positions through the dikes on the Łabna river. The attack collapsed under the Polish–Lithuanian infantry fire. At around 10 am, Günther ordered the battle to be stopped and all captured prisoners of war executed, after which he withdrew near Pisz. Kwaśniewski's group, on the other hand, withdrew to Borkowo.
# Jim West (cricketer)

James West (born 15 September 1982) is a Bermudian cricketer. West is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Bermuda.
West made his debut for Bermuda in a List A match against Namibia at the Wanderers Cricket Ground, Windhoek. He later made his second List A appearance against the touring United Arab Emirates at the National Stadium, Hamilton. Following the match against the United Arab Emirates, West played a single Twenty20 match against the same opposition, taking the wicket of Amjad Javed for the cost of 37 runs from three overs.
He was later a part of Bermuda's squad for the 2011 World Cricket League Division Two in the United Arab Emirates, featuring in a single List A match against Uganda.
# Sgùrr a' Mhaoraich

Sgùrr a' Mhaoraich is a Scottish mountain located to the north of Loch Quoich in the northwestern highlands. It has a height of 1027 m (3369 ft) and is classed as a Munro. Viewed from Kinloch Hourn to the west, or from the north, it shows large, steep, rocky flanks with a complex series of ridges and corries, but like its neighbours such as Gleouraich, its southern side is gentler and grassier.
The mountain was originally known as Sgùrr a' Mhoraire, meaning peak of the landowner, but has been changed on modern maps to Sgùrr a' Mhaoraich, which may be derived from the Gaelic maorach meaning shellfish. This may be a reference to the hill's ribbed summit, which has been said to resemble a shell.
The mountain is most commonly climbed from the shores of Loch Quioch to the south. A stalker's path leads up the Bac nan Canaichean ridge to the subsidiary top of Sgùrr Coire nan Eiricheallach (891 m or 2,923 ft), which is connected to the main summit by a 1.5 km ridge, which has a number of rocky outcrops which can be scrambled over or bypassed. An alternative, and less frequently climbed route is from the northeast end of Glen Quoich, by way of a stalker's path which runs the length of Coire a' Carorainn and to the rocky summit of An Bathaich (892 m or 2,927 ft), and from there south to Sgùrr a' Mhaoraich via a high bealach.
# Bay Buchanan

Angela Marie "Bay" Buchanan (born December 23, 1948) is a conservative political commentator who served as Treasurer of the United States under President Ronald Reagan. She is the sister of conservative political commentator Pat Buchanan.

## Early life

Buchanan was born December 23, 1948, in Washington, D.C., to Catherine (Crum), a nurse, and William Buchanan, an accountant. She attended Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School, where she was the captain of the hockey and basketball teams. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics at Rosemont College in 1971, and went on to receive a master's degree in mathematics from McGill University in 1973.

## Career

Buchanan was the national treasurer of the "Reagan for President" primary campaigns of 1976 and 1980, and the Reagan-Bush general election campaigns of 1980 and 1984. After appearing regularly on CNN's news program Inside Politics, she became a commentator for The Situation Room, and later Campbell Brown: No Bias, No Bull. She previously served as the co-anchor of Equal Time on CNBC and MSNBC, and during that time also hosted a two-hour radio talk show.
Appointed at the age of 32, Buchanan was the youngest person to serve as Treasurer of the United States. She held that post from March 20, 1981, to July 5, 1983, after which she was appointed Chairwoman of the President's Commission on Women Business Owners.
Buchanan managed her brother Pat Buchanan's three unsuccessful campaigns for President of the United States.
The co-chair of the California delegation to the 1988 Republican National Convention, Buchanan also served as the co-chair of the defense subcommittee of the Party platform Committee. In 1990, she ran in the California Republican primary election for state treasurer, against incumbent Thomas W. Hayes. Hayes prevailed, but would go on to lose the general election to Democrat Kathleen Brown.
In May 2006, Buchanan was appointed chair of Team America PAC, a political action committee founded by Tom Tancredo. In 2007, she served as chairman to Tancredo's presidential campaign, after which she became a senior advisor to Mitt Romney. After the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election, Buchanan became a licensed real estate agent in Virginia, working for the firm McEnearney Associates.

## Personal life

In 1976, Buchanan converted from Roman Catholicism to Mormonism. In 1982, she married William Jackson, an attorney; they later divorced. Buchanan is the mother of three sons: William (born 1983), Thomas (born 1984) and Stuart (born 1987). She was forced to give birth to the last of her boys, Stuart, alone, and therefore raise her three boys as a single mother, when her husband walked out on the family. Buchanan has signed a number of $1 banknotes from the 1981 series, which were printed while she was serving as treasurer. These notes have an increased value to numismatists because of the "Courtesy Autograph."

## Published works

* Buchanan, Bay (2007). The Extreme Makeover of Hillary (Rodham) Clinton. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59698-507-0.
* —— (2012). Bay and Her Boys. Da Capo Press.