OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ammonium polyphosphate

Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is H(NH$_4$PO$_3$)$_n$OH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize. In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.
The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches. Shorter chains (n < 100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n > 1000), but short polymer chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show increasing solubility with increasing chain length.
Ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia. However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in ammonium polyphosphate at pH between 5 and 7. Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates. However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer.
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems. Compounding with APP-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in. Further applications are thermosets, where APP is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems). APP is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.
Ammonium polyphosphates used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II). They start to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood. The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters. The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst. In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning. In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat. Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agents. The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of APP are described in a series of publications.
# Jason Dunn (American football)

Jason Adam Dunn (born November 15, 1973) is an American former professional football tight end and college football coach. He was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft. He played college football at Eastern Kentucky.

## Professional career

After playing for the Eagles for three seasons, Dunn missed the 1999 season due to a knee injury. He was then signed by the Kansas City Chiefs in July 2000.
Dunn was primarily used as a blocking tight end for the Chiefs; former teammate Tony Gonzalez was the primary receiving tight end. On February 27, 2008, after spending eight years with the Chiefs, he was released by the team.

## Coaching career

In July 2010, Dunn was hired as the offensive line coach at Lafayette High School in Kentucky. In July 2013, he was hired as the special teams coordinator at Kentucky State University.
# South African Class GD 2-6-2+2-6-2

The South African Railways Class GD 2-6-2+2-6-2 of 1925 was an articulated steam locomotive.
In 1925, the South African Railways placed four Class GD Garratt articulated locomotives with a 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in branchline service. Another ten of these locomotives were delivered in 1926.

## Manufacturer

The Class GD 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type Garratt locomotive was marginally larger and more powerful than its predecessor Class GC, with a heavier axle loading, but also intended for branchline work. Four locomotives were delivered by Beyer, Peacock and Company in December 1925, numbered in the range from 2220 to 2223. These were followed in January 1926 by ten more from the same manufacturer, seven of them built in 1925 and numbered in the range from 2228 to 2234, and the last three built in 1926 and numbered in the range from 2235 to 2237.

## Characteristics

They locomotives were superheated and had plate frames, Belpaire fireboxes, piston valves and Walschaerts valve gear.
As built, their coal bunkers had a 5 long tons (5.1 tonnes) capacity. At some stage, the coal bunker of no. 2220 was enlarged to a 9 long tons (9.1 tonnes) capacity.

## Service

The locomotives were placed in service on the North Coast and the Pietermaritzburg to Franklin lines in Natal. From 1926, some were allocated to Paardeneiland to work on the line from Cape Town across Sir Lowry's Pass to Caledon in the Overberg. They were the first Garratts to work the Caledon line and were later joined by the two Class GK Garratts after the New Cape Central Railway was absorbed by the SAR in 1925.
The Class GD proved themselves as handy and trouble-free locomotives and gave good service for more than forty years. They were later allocated to the Cape Midland system to work across the Montagu Pass between George and Oudtshoorn for many years until they were finally all allocated to the Port Alfred branch. They remained there until they were withdrawn from service in 1967.

## Illustration

* Class GD no. 2222 on the down Caledon goods from Cape Town, c. 1940
# Badico

Rinaldo Lopes Costa (born 31 July 1968), commonly known as Badico, is a Brazilian football manager and former player who played as a striker. He is the current manager of São Paulo-RS.
He was a top scorer of Campeonato Gaúcho in 1998 when he played for Esporte Clube Internacional.
# Faculty of Fine Arts, Helwan University

Faculty of Fine Arts, Helwan University is a school of fine arts established in Cairo in 1908. It is now the Faculty of Fine Arts, or art department of the Helwan University. It is formerly known as the School of Fine Arts, Cairo, College of Fine Arts in Cairo, or School of Fine Arts in Cairo.

## History

The Faculty of Fine Arts was founded by Yusuf Kamal in 1908. More than 150 students were enrolled in the first year. Education was imparted free of charge to students of all nationalities and religions. It offered classes in painting, decoration, sculpture, architecture, and calligraphy. Guillaume Laplagne, a French sculptor established in Egypt, was the school's first director.
The college's students exhibited for the first time in 1911 at the Automobile Club in Cairo. Some consider that this can be considered the first exhibition by Egyptian artists of the century.
It was taken over by the Ministry of Education (Egypt) in 1928.
# The Republic of ShKID

The Republic of ShKID (Russian: Республика ШКИД) is an adventure, partly autobiographical children's novel by L. Panteleyev [ru] and Grigori Belykh [ru] written in 1926 and printed in 1927.
The book is about the fate of Russian street boys (besprizorniks) who landed in the Fyodor Dostoyevsky School-Commune for Difficult Teenagers. "ШКИД" (ShKID) stands for Школа-коммуна имени Достоевского ("Dostoyevsky School-Commune [ru]").
In 1966 Lenfilm produced a movie The Republic of ShKID based on the novel.
The novel was included into the 2013 list 100 Books for Schoolchildren recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia).
# Cornell Warner

Cornell Warner (born August 12, 1948) is an American former professional basketball player.
A 6'9" forward/center from Jackson State University, Warner played seven seasons (1970–1977) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the Buffalo Braves, Cleveland Cavaliers, Milwaukee Bucks, and Los Angeles Lakers. He averaged 6.4 points per game and 7.5 rebounds per game in his NBA career. Warner's statistically strongest season was 1974–75, during which he averaged 7.6 points and 10.3 rebounds for the Bucks.
In October 1977, he signed with Fribourg Olympic Basket of Switzerland. Warner played until 1979 for the club, winning the Swiss national championship in 1978 and 1979.

## NBA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1970–71 | Buffalo | 65 | – | 19.9 | .415 | – | .552 | 7.0 | 0.8 | – | – | 6.0 |
| 1971–72 | Buffalo | 62 | – | 20.0 | .443 | – | .744 | 6.1 | 0.9 | – | – | 6.2 |
| 1972–73 | Buffalo | 4 | – | 11.8 | .471 | – | .500 | 3.8 | 1.5 | – | – | 4.3 |
| 1972–73 | Cleveland | 68 | – | 19.5 | .411 | – | .659 | 7.5 | 1.0 | – | – | 5.7 |
| 1973–74 | Cleveland | 5 | – | 9.8 | .154 | – | 1.000 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
| 1973–74 | Milwaukee | 67 | – | 20.2 | .512 | – | .736 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 6.3 |
| 1974–75 | Milwaukee | 79 | – | 31.9 | .458 | – | .684 | 10.3 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 7.6 |
| 1975–76 | Los Angeles | 81 | – | 31.0 | .479 | – | .695 | 8.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 7.3 |
| 1976–77 | Los Angeles | 14 | – | 12.1 | .472 | – | .667 | 4.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3.9 |
| Career | Career | 445 | – | 23.6 | .452 | – | .672 | 7.5 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 6.4 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 1973–74 | Milwaukee | 16 | – | 31.6 | .423 | – | .684 | 10.2 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 6.7 |
| 1976–77 | Los Angeles | 5 | – | 11.2 | .583 | – | .000 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
| Career | Career | 21 | – | 26.7 | .439 | – | .684 | 8.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 5.8 |
# Saint Louis Billikens baseball

The Saint Louis Billikens baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Saint Louis University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The team is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The team plays its home games at Billiken Sports Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The Billikens are coached by Darin Hendrickson.

## Saint Louis in the NCAA Tournament

| Year | Record | Pct | Notes |
| 1963 | 1–2 | .333 | District 5 |
| 1964 | 0–2 | .000 | District 5 |
| 1964 | 4–2 | .667 | College World Series 3rd place, District 5 Champions |
| 1966 | 0–2 | .000 | District 5 |
| 2006 | 0–2 | .000 | Fullerton Regional |
| 2010 | 0–2 | .000 | Louisville Regional |
| 2013 | 0–2 | .000 | Columbia Regional |
| 2018 | 0–2 | .000 | Oxford Regional |
| TOTALS | 5–16 | .238 | |

## Notable players

* Dan Dugan
* Bob Habenicht
* Joe Murphy
* James Norwood
* Bradbury Robinson
* Harry Sullivan
# Oregon's 9th House district

District 9 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes portions of Coos, Douglas, and Lane counties. The current representative for the district is Republican Boomer Wright of Reedsport.

## Election results

District boundaries have changed over time. Therefore, representatives before 2021 may not represent the same constituency as today. General election results from 2000 to present are as follows:
| Year | Candidate | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent | Write-in percentage |
| 2000 | Max Williams | Republican | 70.67% | Raman Velji | Democratic | 29.33% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | |
| 2002 | Joanne Verger | Democratic | 74.86% | Valorie Holloway | Libertarian | 24.29% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.85% |
| 2004 | Arnie Roblan | Democratic | 50.99% | Susan Massey | Republican | 49.01% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | |
| 2006 | Arnie Roblan | Democratic | 57.60% | Albyn Pearn | Republican | 42.30% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.10% |
| 2008 | Arnie Roblan | Democratic | 57.42% | Albyn Pearn | Republican | 42.26% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.32% |
| 2010 | Arnie Roblan | Democratic | 52.67% | Scott Roberts | Republican | 47.17% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.16% |
| 2012 | Caddy McKeown | Democratic | 54.59% | Nancy Brouhard | Republican | 42.63% | Guy Rosinbaum | Libertarian | 2.66% | 0.12% |
| 2014 | Caddy McKeown | Democratic | 57.69% | Casey Runyan | Republican | 37.70% | Guy Rosinbaum | Libertarian | 4.31% | 0.30% |
| 2016 | Caddy McKeown | Democratic | 49.79% | Teri Grier | Republican | 46.21% | Guy Rosinbaum | Libertarian | 3.86% | 0.14% |
| 2018 | Caddy McKeown | Democratic | 54.10% | Teri Grier | Republican | 45.50% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.39% |
| 2020 | Boomer Wright | Republican | 57.49% | Cal Mukumoto | Democratic | 42.41% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.10% |
| 2022 | Boomer Wright | Republican | 60.07% | Jerry Rust | Democratic | 39.80% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.13% |
| 2024 | Boomer Wright | Republican | 61.8% | William Mrkvicka | Democratic | 38.0% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.2% |
* ↑ Joanne Verger was the incumbent in this election. She previously represented District 47, but was moved to this district due to redistricting following the 2000 United States census.
# Jhow Benavídez

Jhow Hendric Benavídez Banegas (born 26 December 1995) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Real España. He represented Honduras in the football competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## International career

Benavídez got his first call up to the senior Honduras side for a friendly against Belize in October 2016.
# Paul Walcker

Paul Walcker (May 31, 1846 – June 6, 1928 ) was a German pipe organ builder.

## Biography

Born in Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, he was a son of the notable organ builder Eberhard Friedrich Walcker (1794-1872) and his second wife Marie Stumpp. He studied musical style and architecture at the University of Stuttgart. In 1864, he apprenticed with his father and worked on the organs of the Reformed Churches in Mulhouse, France and Glarus, Switzerland, as well as the German Reformed Church in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 1886, Walcker and his four brothers Eberhard Heinrich (1828-1903), Friedrich (1829-1895), Karl (1845-1908) and Eberhard (1850-1928) founded the Ludwigsburg Organ Company. An argument in 1892 with the Wilhelm Sauer Organ Company required the mediation of Alexander Wilhelm Gottschalg. In the spring of 1894, Walcker became the managing director and official representative of William Sauer, and in 1910, Sauer retired, selling the company to Walcker, who ran the company until 1917 when he sold the Walcker Sauer Company to his nephew, Oscar Walcker (1869 -1948), head of the Walcker organ company in Ludwigsburg.
Walcker was award the Order of the Crown for the organ in the Berlin Cathedral and the Order of the Red Eagle IV Class for the organ at Wrocław's Centennial Hall. His son, Paul Walcker Jr., was government architect and engineer in electrical engineering.
# Amalda tankervillii

Amalda tankervillii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.
This gastropod (Swainson, 1825) is probably named for Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville (or less probably his son).

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 91 mm.
It conchologically quite different from the other species included in the genus. It is indeed somewhat different from Indo-Pacific species in being thin, broadly oval, with a large inflated last whorl and a very low spire.
The shell is ovately fusiform, with a pale yellowish or dull flesh color and an acuminated spire. Just above the suture is a distinct elevated line. The upper part of the body whorl is encircled by a broad callous belt that covers about two-thirds of the whorl. Remarkably, this belt widens as the shell ages.
Below this belt is a deeply impressed line that ends in a sharp, projecting tooth near the lower edge of the outer lip. Below the line, two additional belts are present, with the upper belt featuring a slightly raised upper edge and a central depression. A deep groove sits just above the columellar varix, which is smooth and has a single groove.
The aperture is somewhat blunt at the top and notched at the base. The outer lip has a smooth edge with a single tooth near its lower part.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea in shallow waters (6 mm to 70 mm) off Venezuela and down to Brazil.
# Lea Bridge (speedway)

Lea Bridge also known as Clapton Saints were a British speedway team that existed from 1928 to 1938. They raced at the Lea Bridge Stadium.

## History
### Origins

Speedway was introduced in the Summer of 1928 by Motor Speedways Ltd, under the guidance of the Managing Director Ernest J. Bass and track manager Ray Abbott, following the construction of a purpose built facility on a ten acre plot of land. The 33ft wide track was built with a football field on the inside and the stadium could accommodate 40,000 spectators. There was parking for cars and one of the four stadium entrances was directly opposite the Lea Bridge railway station. The first fixture was held to the Lea Bridge Stadium on 14 July 1928

### Team

Fixtures continued to be held throughout 1928 including a team challenge against the original White City team. The following season a team was formed with the purpose of racing in the 1929 Speedway Southern League and they finished 10th place in the 11 team league. The team fared better the following season, finishing 8th from 13 before Cyril "Squib" Burton became the club's first big signing, starring during the 1931 Speedway Southern League season.
The Southern and Northern Leagues merged to create the first National League in 1932. However, the team ceased to become members of the league because Mr Bass had installed a tote and indicated that they would allow betting on Speedway meetings, which forced the National Speedway Association to withdraw the team from the league. In May 1932, the Southampton Saints promotion left Banister Court Stadium to take over the licence at Lea Bridge, with the team becoming the Clapton Saints. Led by the Parker brothers, Jack and Norman, the Saints finished in a solid fifth place in 1933.
In 1934, the team reverted to the name Lea Bridge but were unable to fulfill their fixtures, which resulted in their licence being revoked. The fixtures were completed by Walthamstow Wolves.
In July 1938, Tom Bradbury Pratt was granted a licence to race in the 1938 Speedway National League Division Two, under the name of Lea Bridge Cubs. The team made up largely of Harringay reserve riders would finish the league in 5th place. It would be their final season in existence.

### Site today

The stadium site today is commemorated by a blue plaque at nearby Rigg Approach.

## Notable riders

* Cyril "Squib" Burton
* Billy Dallison
* Dusty Haigh
* Jack Parker
* Norman Parker

## Season summary

| Year and league | Team name | Position | Notes |
| 1929 Speedway Southern League | Lea Bridge | 10th | |
| 1930 Speedway Southern League | Lea Bridge | 8th | |
| 1931 Speedway Southern League | Lea Bridge | 9th | |
| 1932 Speedway National League | Clapton Saints | 8th | |
| 1933 Speedway National League | Clapton Saints | 5th | |
| 1934 Speedway National League | Lea Bridge | 9th+ | fixtures taken over by Walthamstow Wolves |
| 1938 Speedway National League Division Two | Lea Bridge Cubs | 5th | |
# Mladen Živković

Mladen Živković (Serbian Cyrillic: Младен Живковић; born 26 August 1989) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Mladost Novi Sad.

## Career

On 16 January 2019, Živković moved to Norway and joined Mjøndalen IF on a 6-month contract to replace Sosha Makani, who was injured. Only 9 days later, he left the club by mutual consent and moved back to Serbia for personal reasons. On 30 January, he then joined FK Rad.
# Ali Reza Khan Azod-ol-Molk

Ali-Reza Khan Azod-ol-Molk (Persian: علیرضا خان عضدالملک‎; 11 October 1847 – 22 September 1910) was an Iranian politician who acted as regent for Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

## Life

Ali Reza Khan Qajar, titled "Azod-ol-Molk", was the son of Mousa Khan, an uncle of Naser al-Din Shah. Ali Reza was part of the retinue of Naser al-Din Shah in 1870 and 1871, and accompanied him on his pilgrimages to the holy sites in Najaf and Karbala, and in 1873 and 1878 during his travels to Europe.
Ali Reza Khan was governor of Mazandaran and later Minister of Justice. After the overthrow of Mohammed Ali Shah Qajar in 1909, Ali Reza Khan was employed by decision of the Iranian Parliament as regent for the king's son, Ahmad Shah Qajar, who was a minor when he ascended the throne after his father was deposed. Ali Reza Khan had no formal schooling. He was regarded as an honest politician. At the end of his life he was known as Dai Khan (honorable uncle).

## Sources

* Cyrus Ghani: Iran and the rise of Reza Shah. I.B.Tauris, 1998, S. 11.`
# Suri language

Suri (Churi, Dhuri, Shuri, Shuro), is a Surmic language spoken in the West Omo Zone of the South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region in Ethiopia, to the South Sudan border by the Suri. The language has over 80% lexical similarity to Mursi. The language is often referred to by another form of its name, Surma, after which the Surmic branch of Eastern Sudanic is named, but that form is frequently used for the three related languages spoken by the Surma people: Suri, Mursi, and Me'en.
Suri is spoken in two dialect by two nationalities, the Tirma (Tirmaga, Cirma, Dirma, Terema, Terna, Tid, Tirima, Tirmagi) and the Chai (Caci, Cai).

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Stop | voiceless | | t | c | k | (ʔ) |
| Stop | voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | |
| Stop | implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ | |
| Fricative | voiceless | | s | ʃ | | h |
| Fricative | voiced | | z | | | |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Flap/Trill | Flap/Trill | | ɾ ~ r | | | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | l | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | | j | | |
* /ɗ/ may also be heard as a retroflex implosive [ᶑ] among the Chai dialect.
* /ʃ/ variant of [c] among speakers in the Tirmaga dialect. In the Chai dialect, it is heard as a separate phoneme.
* /ɾ/ can be heard as a trill [r] in word-final positions.
* /b, ɡ/ can be heard as [β, ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
* Implosives /ɓ, ɗ/ are heard as plosive sounds [p, t] in pre-consonantal and word-final positions.
* Sounds /b, ɟ, ɡ/ are devoiced as [p, c, k] pre-consonantal word-final.
* Some speakers of the Chai dialect may pronounce /s, z/ as dental fricatives [θ, ð].
* /j/ can be heard as a fricative [ð] among older speakers in different positions.
* A glottal stop [ʔ] may be heard in word-final position in connected speech.

### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Close-mid | e | | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | | ɔ |
| Open | | a | |
* /i, u/ can be heard as [ɪ, ʊ] in closed syllables.