OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Half farthing

The half farthing was a British coin worth 1⁄1920 of a pound, 1⁄96 of a shilling, or 1⁄8 of a penny. The coins were minted in copper for use in British Ceylon in various years between 1828 and 1856, and as a bronze proof coin in 1868. In 1842, they were also declared legal tender in the United Kingdom. Half farthings were demonetised along with all other British copper coins on 31 December 1869.

## History

The Royal Mint first produced half farthings in 1828 for use in British Ceylon, using dies by William Wyon. The obverse of the coin bore a left-facing portrait of George IV, with the legend GEORGIUS IV DEI GRATIA and the date, while the reverse showed a seated Britannia with shield, facing right and holding a trident, with the inscription BRITANNIAR: REX FID: DEF:. The coins were made of copper, weighed 2.4 grammes, and had a diameter of 18 millimetres. The mint produced a second issue of George IV half farthings in 1830.
The mint produced one issue of half farthings during the reign of William IV in 1837. The obverse bore a right-facing portrait of William IV by Wyon with the legend GULIELMUS IIII DEI GRATIA and the date. The coins used the same reverse dies as the issues of George IV, and were struck with the same size and weight standards.
Wyon redesigned the half farthing for Queen Victoria's first issue in 1839. The obverse used the same dies as Wyon's Maundy fourpence, bearing a left-facing portrait of Queen Victoria and the legend VICTORIA D: G: BRITANNIAR: REGINA F: D:. The mint completely redesigned the reverse to avoid any resemblance between half farthings and the fourpence coins introduced in 1836 and issued for Ceylon in 1839. The new reverse featured a royal crown above the words HALF FARTHING and the date. Below the date, the coins featured a heraldic rose with three leaves on either side. The mint produced additional issues in 1842, 1843, 1844, 1847, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, and 1856, all to the same size and weight standards as the issues of George IV and William IV, but with the rose emblem changed to a joint rose, thistle, and shamrock. The mint produced proof half farthings in bronze and copper-nickel in 1868, but no 1868 half farthings were issued for circulation.
Half farthings were made legal tender in the United Kingdom on 13 June 1842. Several letters to the editor in The Times criticised the proclamation. All British copper coins, including half farthings, were demonetised and taken out of circulation on 31 December 1869.
# INIT SE

INIT Innovation in Traffic Systems SE is a German technology company serving the public transport market, based in Karlsruhe. The company was founded in 1983 by Gottfried Greschner, developing on his research on intelligent transportation systems at the University of Karlsruhe. INIT opened a North American subsidiary in Chesapeake, Virginia, in 1999, and has expanded to serve clients in the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania. The company provides software, hardware, and services for multiple functions in the public transport sector, including dispatching and service planning, ticketing and fare collection, and intelligent transportation systems.

## History

INIT was founded in 1983 by Dr. Gottfried Greschner, as a spinoff from the University of Karlsruhe. The company initially focused on bus fleet management, and expanded into other information technology services for the public transport industry.
INIT expanded into North America in the late 1990s. The company presented a demonstration of its intelligent transportation systems technology in 1997 in Akron, Ohio, and opened an office in Chesapeake, Virginia in 1999.

## Products

INIT provides hardware, software, and services for the public transport industry. The company's products include ticket machines, passenger information systems, and computer-aided dispatch systems.
In addition to its hardware and software products, the company also provides integration services. An example of this is the REGIOMOVE platform for the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund [de], where INIT contributed to the development of a unified mobile app for regional public transport services in Karlsruhe.

## Locations

INIT has its head office is in Karlsruhe, in the southern German state of Baden-Württemberg. The company has 6 additional offices in Germany, and 7 locations elsewhere in Europe. The North American headquarters are in Chesapeake, Virginia, and the company also has offices in the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand.
# Arubans in the United States

Arubans in the United States (Papiamento: Arubianonan na Merca) or Aruban-Americans, are immigrants from Aruba to the United States and their descendants. Aruba is an autonomous constituent country of Kingdom of the Netherlands. As of 2020, statistics from the American Migration Policy Institute have shown that there are an estimated 10.000 Aruban immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. Making the United States the country with the 2nd largest diaspora of Arubans, second to The Netherlands (23.000). The largest communities of Arubans in the United States can be found in the states of Florida, New York and to a lesser extent Texas. Common destinations among other Caribbean and South-American immigrants to the United States.
Immigration from Aruba to the United States has increased in recent decades. Namely due to the close economic relationship between Aruba and the United States in Aruba's tourism sector since Aruba's push into the North-American tourism market in the 1970s, as well as increasing opportunities for Aruban students and educated Arubans in the United States. Although the Netherlands still remains the top destination for most Arubans living, studying or immigrating to abroad.

## Notable people

* Maureen Bunyan
* Hildward Croes
* Jim Jones (rapper)
* Niesha Butler
* Jim Vanderzwaan
# Oriovac

Oriovac is a village and municipality in Brod-Posavina County, Croatia. There are a total 5,824 inhabitants in the municipality (2011).

## Geography

The municipality comprises 10 settlements:
* Bečic
* Ciglenik
* Kujnik
* Lužani
* Malino
* Oriovac
* Pričac
* Radovanje
* Slavonski Kobaš
* Živike
Notable locations in Oriovac include Oriovac railway station and Supernova Colosseum.

## History

Until 1918, Oriovac (named Oriowacz before 1850) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia after the compromise of 1867), in the Slavonian Military Frontier, Gradiskaner Regiment N°VIII before its dissolution in 1881.

## Notable people

* Fran Gundrum, physician and encyclopedist
# Bukovica, Renče–Vogrsko

Bukovica (pronounced; Italian: Boccavizza) is a village in the lower Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

## Name

Bukovica is a common toponym and oronym in Slovenia, and in South Slavic areas in general. It is derived from the adjective bukov 'beech' (from bukev 'beech tree') and originally referred to the local vegetation. The Italian name of the settlement was Boccavizza.

## Notable monuments

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and was rebuilt in 1928 after the old church in a slightly different location in the village was destroyed in the First World War. It belongs to the Koper Diocese.
The village has a World War I military cemetery, with the remains of the Austro-Hungarian soldiers who fought on this section of the front during the Battles of the Isonzo. The soldiers buried in Bukovica fought in the 24th Infantry Regiment (K. u. K. Infanterieregiment "Ritter von Kummer" No. 24) from Kolomyia, then known as Kolomea, in present-day Ukraine.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in Bukovica include:
* Zoran Mušič, painter (1909–2005)
* Karel Bonutti, Slovenian-American scholar and diplomat (born 1928)
# Mavrovo (region)

Mavrovo (Macedonian: Маврово, pronounced ; or Mavrovo Valley, Macedonian: Мавровска Котлина, romanized: Mavrovska Kotlina), near Gostivar is a valley region in the northwest of North Macedonia. It is home to Mavrovo National Park and a winter sports center. Some of the villages and smaller hamlets include: Mavrovo, Nikiforovo, Leunovo, and Mavrovi Anovi. This micro region is named Mavrovo after the most populated settlement in the region, the village of Mavrovo.
The region's location at Bistra mountain and Mavrovo Lake have helped it grow into a year-round tourist center. Mavrovo is the most popular ski center in North Macedonia, Ski center „Mavrovo“.
The Mavrovo Lake lies at an altitude of 1220 m. It is 12 km long, 3 km wide and covers an area of 13.3 square kilometers. The coast is 24 km long. The deepest measured spot of the lake is 48 m deep.
# Toruń Voivodeship

Toruń Voivodeship (Polish: województwo toruńskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Toruń.

## Major cities and towns (population in 1995)

* Toruń (204,300)
* Grudziądz (102,900)
* Brodnica (27,400)
* Chełmno (22,000)
# Konstantinos Galanidis

Konstantinos Galanidis (born 1 September 1990) is a male water polo goalkeeper from Greece. He was part of the Greece men's national water polo team at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain, where they finished in 6th place. At club level, he played for Olympiacos.
# Nik Tominec

Nik Tominec (born 26 March 1991) is a Swiss handball player of Croatian descent for Kadetten Schaffhausen and the Swiss national team.
He represented Switzerland at the 2020 European Men's Handball Championship.
# Hardcase (novel)

Hardcase is a 2001 novel by American writer Dan Simmons. It is the first of three hardboiled detective novels featuring the character of Joe Kurtz.
# Sri Lanka national football team results (2010–present)

Sri Lanka national football team results from 2010 to the present date are as follows:

## 2010

| Date | Opponent | Result | Score | Venue | Competition |
| 16 February 2010 | Myanmar | L | 0–4 | Colombo, Sri Lanka | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 18 February 2010 | Tajikistan | L | 1–3 | Colombo, Sri Lanka | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 20 February 2010 | Bangladesh | W | 3–0 | Colombo, Sri Lanka | AFC Challenge Cup |

## 2011

| Date | Opponent | Result | Score | Venue | Competition |
| 27 March 2011 | Tajikistan | D | 2–2 | Colombo, Sri Lanka | Friendly |
| 29 March 2011 | Tajikistan | L | 0–2 | Colombo, Sri Lanka | Friendly |
| 7 April 2011 | North Korea | L | 0–2 | Kathmandu, Nepal | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 9 April 2011 | Afghanistan | L | 0–1 | Kathmandu, Nepal | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 11 April 2011 | Nepal | D | 1–1 | Kathmandu, Nepal | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 29 June 2011 | Philippines | D | 1–1 | Colombo, Sri Lanka | FIFA World Cup Q. |
| 3 July 2011 | Philippines | L | 0–4 | Manila, Philippines | FIFA World Cup Q. |
| 3 December 2011 | Bhutan | W | 0–3 | New Delhi, India | SAFF Championship |
| 5 December 2011 | Afghanistan | L | 1–3 | New Delhi, India | SAFF Championship |
| 7 December 2011 | India | L | 0–3 | New Delhi, India | SAFF Championship |

## 2013

| Date | Opponent | Result | Score | Venue | Competition |
| 2 March 2013 | Afghanistan | L | 0–1 | Vientiane, Laos | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 4 March 2013 | Laos | L | 2–4 | Vientiane, Laos | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 6 March 2013 | Mongolia | W | 3–0 | Vientiane, Laos | AFC Challenge Cup |
| 2 September 2013 | Maldives | L | 0–10 | Kathmandu, Nepal | SAFF Championship |
| 4 September 2013 | Afghanistan | L | 1–3 | Kathmandu, Nepal | SAFF Championship |
| 6 September 2013 | Bhutan | W | 5–2 | Kathmandu, Nepal | SAFF Championship |

## 2014

| Date | Opponent | Result | Score | Venue | Competition |
| 26 August 2014 | Seychelles | W | 2–1 | Seychelles | Friendly |
| 28 August 2014 | Seychelles | L | 0–3 | Seychelles | Friendly |
| 24 October 2014 | Bangladesh | D | 1–1 | Bangladesh | Friendly |
| 27 October 2014 | Bangladesh | L | 0–1 | Bangladesh | Friendly |
# 1906–07 Sheffield Shield season

The 1906–07 Sheffield Shield season was the 15th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.

## Table

| Team | Pld | W | L | D | Pts |
| New South Wales | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| South Australia | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | -2 |
| Victoria | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | -2 |

## Fixtures

* 10–14 November 1906 Scorecard
* Victoria won by 70 runs Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: Philip Argall and T. A. Reeves
* Victoria won the toss and elected to bat.
* 15–18 December 1906 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by an innings and 109 runs Adelaide Oval, Adelaide Umpires: George Watson and Philip Argall
* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.
* 24–27 December 1906 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by 2 wickets Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: Bob Crockett and Dave Elder
* Victoria won the toss and elected to bat.
* 29 December 1906 – 2 January 1907 Scorecard
* South Australia won by 319 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Umpires: Bob Crockett and William Hannah
* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 4–7 January 1907 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by an innings and 168 runs Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: A. Lucas and James Laing
* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 25–28 January 1907 Scorecard
* New South Wales won by an innings and 266 runs Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney Umpires: James Laing and William Bruton
* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.

## Statistics
### Most Runs

Austin Diamond 451

### Most Wickets

Albert Wright 25
# Boca West, Florida

Boca West is a development in West Boca Raton, Florida. It is an unincorporated community in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. Boca West was a census-designated place in the 1990 United States census; its population was then 2,847.

## Boca West Golf Club

There are 72 holes at this golf facility. The golf course is divided into 4 courses, each with 18 holes. The clubhouse is located at Boca West Drive, the main, 4-lane thoroughfare through Boca West. The courses have recently undergone a massive, multimillion-dollar renovation and pro golfers have been seen around the courses playing and practicing.

## Geography

Boca West is located at 26°22′32″N 80°09′24″W﻿ / ﻿26.37556°N 80.15667°W﻿ / 26.37556; -80.15667.
It borders Boca Raton on the north and east, as well as Yamato and Jog Roads. On the south is State Road 808, and on the west is the Florida's Turnpike and Hamptons at Boca Raton.
# List of places of worship in the Lower Mainland

This is a list of places of worship in the Lower Mainland in British Columbia, Canada.

## Christian places of worship

* Christ Church Cathedral (Anglican), Downtown Vancouver, cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of New Westminster
* Minoru Chapel, a small white wooden chapel that is now housed Minoru Park, Richmond
* St. Andrew's-Wesley United Church, Downtown Vancouver
* St. James Anglican Church, Anglican East Cordova at Gore, Vancouver
* First Lutheran Church, Vancouver
* St Paul's Anglican Church, West End, Vancouver
* First Baptist Church, Downtown Vancouver
* St Mary's Anglican Church, Kerrisdale
* Mt Pleasant Presbyterian Church aka Evangelistic Tabernacle, Mount Pleasant
* St. Francis of Assisi Church, Napier Street, Vancouver
* First Church of Christ, Scientist, Keith Road, North Vancouver
* Church of St. John the Evangelist, Chesterfield Avenue, North Vancouver (Presentation House)
* Saint Paul's Roman Catholic Church, Mosquito Creek Indian Reserve, North Vancouver (National Historic Site of Canada)
* St. Andrew's United Church, St. George's Avenue, North Vancouver
* St Edmund's Church, Mahon Avenue, North Vancouver
* Fountain Chapel, Jackson Avenue, Vancouver
* Unitarian Church, Oak Street, Vancouver
* Vancouver British Columbia Temple, Latter-Day Saints (Mormon)
* Westminster Abbey, Hatzic (Mission)
* All Saints Monastery, Dewdney (Orthodox)
* Milner Chapel, Township of Langley
* Christian Life Assembly, Langley
* Broadway Church, Vancouver
* Richmond Pentecostal Church, Richmond
* Living Waters Church, Fort Langley
* Christian Life Community Church, Abbotsford
* Abbotsford Pentecostal Assembly, Abbotsford

## Sikh temples

* Gurdwara Dasmesh Darbar, Surrey
* Gurdwara Sahib Sukh Sagar (Khalsa Diwan Society), New Westminster
* Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara, 120 Street, Surrey
* Gur Sikh Temple, Clearbrook (Abbotsford)
* Nanaksar Gurdwara Gursikh Temple, Richmond
* Ross Street Temple (Sikh), Vancouver

## Jewish places of worship

* Congregation Beth Israel, Conservative synagogue, Oak Street, Vancouver
* Congregation Schara Tzedeck, Orthodox synagogue, Vancouver

## Buddhist places of worship

* International Buddhist Temple, Chinese Buddhist
* Ling Yen Mountain Temple, Chinese Buddhist (temple and monastery)
* Thrangu Monastery, Tibetan Buddhist monastery

## Ismaili Muslim Places of worship

* The Ismaili Center Burnaby- Nizari Ismaili Jamatkhana

## New Thought

* Centre for Spiritual Living Yaletown, downtown Vancouver
* Centre for Spiritual Living White Rock
* Unity Centre, Oak Street
# Fousseni Bamba

Fousseni Bamba (born 19 April 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre back. Born in Ivory Coast, he has represented Guinea at senior international level. His younger brother, Yacouba, is also a footballer.
# Ali Bamba

Ali Vanomo Bamba (born 2 July 1991) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for French Championnat National 2 club Bourges Foot 18.

## Career

On 19 August 2012, Le Mans announced on its website that Bamba was moving on loan to Belgian Pro League team Oud-Heverlee Leuven. However, two days later, OH Leuven announced that despite the interest in Bamba, they had rejected him after failing the medical tests.
On 4 September 2012, Bamba joined Championnat National side Metz on a loan deal. After his return to Ligue 2, Le Mans, he was released and he returned permanently to Metz, now also in Ligue 2. Bamba played only a few games with the reserve team of Metz and was loaned out in December 2013 to Strasbourg.
# Serge Wawa

Serges Pascal Wawa Sfondo (born 1 January 1986 in Bingerville) is an Ivorian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Singida Fountain Gate FC in the Tanzanian Premier League.

## Career

He began his career in 2003 at ASEC Mimosas. On 19 January 2009, he was on trial at FC Lorient.
In December 2010, he joined the Sudanese club, Al-Merrikh, on a 3-year deal. In November 2014, he signed with Azam F.C., a football club in Tanzanian Premier League.

## International career

He represented his country at the 2008 Olympic Games and played 4 games. He played in the Toulon Tournament of 2008 for the Ivory Coast U23.
# Dunbar, Virginia

Dunbar is an unincorporated community, census-designated place, and coal town located in Wise County, Virginia, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 United States census with a population of 79.

## Demographics

Dunbar first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 United States census.
# Cachanillo, Arizona

Cachanillo was one of the 19th century Pima Villages, located along the Gila River, in what is now the Gila River Indian Community in Pinal County, Arizona.

## Demographics

Cachanillo appeared once on the 1860 United States census in what was then Arizona County, New Mexico Territory. It reported a population of 504, all Pima people. It was the 4th largest native community recorded in Arizona County, and 5th overall in size. Because census takers in 1860 and the specials prior to that failed to denote the precise location of the specific Pima villages on maps, it is unclear their exact locations today.
# 1032

Year 1032 (MXXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* Spring – Emperor Romanos III (Argyros) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under General Michael Protospatharios, which includes Western auxiliaries and elite troops of Asia Minor, to reinforce the Byzantine position in Calabria (Southern Italy).

#### Europe

* September 6 – King Rudolph III dies without any heirs. He bequeaths his entire dominions to Emperor Conrad II (the Elder), dispatching to him the Holy Lance and ring of St. Maurice, symbols of Burgundian investiture.
* Odo II, count of Champagne, invades Burgundy and seizes most of the kingdom for himself. With the assistance of Humbert I of Savoy, Queen-dowager Ermengarde (Rudolph III's widow) flees to the safety of Zürich.
* Winter – Conrad II marches with his army into Champagne and devastates the land – forcing Odo II to sue for peace and swear to abandon Burgundy. The bishops prevent Conrad from seizing control of Burgundy.
* The first mention is made of Kursk, Russia, in the hagiography of Theodosius, who becomes a monk at the Kiev Caves Monastery (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Religion

* October – Pope John XIX dies after an 8-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by his nephew Benedict IX as the 145th pope of the Catholic Church, while (probably) still in his teens.

## Births

* February 16 – Ying Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1067)
* September 3 – Go-Sanjō, Japanese emperor (d. 1073)
* September 14 – Dao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1101)
* Abe no Munetō, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1108)
* Cheng Hao, Chinese neo-confucian philosopher (d. 1085)
* Donald III (the Fair), king of Scotland (approximate date)
* Ermengol III (or Armengol), count of Urgell (d. 1065)
* Gao, Chinese empress consort and regent (d. 1093)
* Gyrth Godwinson, English nobleman (approximated date)
* Hugh de Grandmesnil, Norman warrior and sheriff (d. 1098)
* Osbern FitzOsbern, bishop of Exeter (approximate date)
* Touzi Yiqing, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1083)
* Vratislaus II (or Wratislaus), king of Bohemia (d. 1092)

## Deaths

* July 28 – Constance of Arles, French queen
* July 29 – Matilda of Swabia, German duchess
* September 6 – Rudolph III, king of Burgundy
* October 4 – Sancho VI, duke of Gascony
* Ahmad Maymandi, Ghaznavid vizier
* Arslan Yabgu, Turkic chieftain and ruler
* Bezprym (or Besfrim), duke of Poland
* Constantine Diogenes, Byzantine general
* Gille Coemgáin, king of Moray (Scotland)
* John XIX, pope of the Catholic Church
* Li, Chinese consort and concubine (b. 987)
* Li Deming, Chinese rebel leader (b. 981)
* Odo II, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
* Otto Orseolo (or Ottone), doge of Venice
# Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok TBM

The Tuen Mun - Chek Lap Kok TBM otherwise known as Qin Liangyu or more formally, the Mixshield S-880 was the world's largest tunnel boring machine launched in June 2015 by Herrenknecht in Germany. The TBM was used to drill a 5 km tunnel connecting Tuen Mun to the Hong Kong International Airport, part of the Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok Link project. The contract for the project was around HK$ 18.2 billion (US$ 2.3 billion)

## Specifications

The machine had a diameter of 17.6 metres (57.7 ft), 0.1 metres (0.3 ft) more than Bertha, the previous largest tunnel boring machine. Outside of its cutting diameter, it had an overall length of 120 metres (393 ft 8 in) and weighed 4,850 tonnes (5,346 US-tons).

## Operations

The machine would excavate a 5 km-long underwater tunnel, working at pressures as high as 5 bars. The drilling had taken place in depths of up to 50 m below sea level.
By 25 March and 3 November 2015, the TBM's shield was converted into one the much smaller 14-m to complete the rest of the tunnel alongside another Herrenknecht TBM. The two 14-m TBMs broke through to complete the tunnels on 27 February 2019.
The tunnel boring project began in October 2018 after the cutterhead conversion and was completed by the end of 2020. Tuen Mun–Chek Lap Kok was disassembled after the completion of the tunnel.