OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gremialismo

Gremialismo, or guildism, is a social, political, and economic ideology, inspired in the Catholic social teachings that claims that every correct social order should base itself in intermediary societies between persons and the state, which are created and managed in freedom, and that the order should serve only the purposes for which they were created.

## History

In Chile, gremialismo was the main doctrine of the liberal-conservative movement that emerged in the latter half of the 1960s, leading the opposition to the University Reform at the Catholic University of Chile. As such, it stood against both the left and the center movements.
The principal thinker of gremialismo was Jaime Guzmán, a lawyer and professor who later served as an advisor to Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet.
There has been ongoing debate over whether gremialismo thought was influenced by Juan Vázquez de Mella as well.
The gremialist Javier Leturia wrote about the origins of the movement:
    We [the gremialistas] were orderly, we were those that were not hippie, those that were not left-wing, those that were not potheads. I would say that the people were participative. That is why former school union leaders and people from school unions, the scouts, and religious movements were picked up. We openly supported the coup. We published a manifesto in the newspaper that read: "Towards a new institutionality through the renounce of Allende." [...] What we said was that the crisis was insurmountable and that the only solution was to have the armed forces take charge. We drafted that manifesto as university students, and it was signed by student unions from the Catholic universities of Santiago and Valparaíso, which were headed by gremialists. I would say that from the moment Allende was elected, many began to support a coup. I mean that we were not going to accept for this country to fall into communism.

## Role in military dictatorship youth policy

One of the first measures of the military dictatorship that came to power though the 1973 coup d'etat was to set up the Secretaría Nacional de la Juventud (SNJ, National Youth Office), which was done on October 28, 1973, even before the Declaration of Principles of the junta made in March 1974. It was a way of mobilizing sympathetic elements of the civil society in support for the dictatorship. The SNJ was created by the advice of Jaime Guzmán and was an example of the dictatorship adopting gremialism. Some right-wing student union leaders like Andrés Allamand were skeptical to the attempts as they were moulded from above and gathered disparate figures such as Miguel Kast, Antonio Vodanovic and Jaime Guzmán. Allamand and other young right-wingers also resented the dominance of gremialism in the SNJ since they considered it to be a closed gremialist club.
From 1975 to 1980, the SNJ arranged a series of ritualized acts in cerro Chacarillas [es] reminiscent of Francoist Spain. The policy towards the sympathetic youth contrasted with the murder, surveillance, and forced disappearances that dissident youth faced from the regime. Most of the SJN's documents were reportedly destroyed by the dictatorship in 1988.
# William J. East

William Jasper East (September 1, 1854 - 1933) was a longtime Democratic Mississippi state legislator from Tate County in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

## Early life

William Jasper East was born on September 1, 1854, in Monroe County, Mississippi. He was the eldest child of Josiah Robertson East and Matilda (Callahan) East. William attended the public schools of Panola County. He entered the University of Mississippi in 1879 and graduated from there with a L. L. B. in 1881. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1883. He then went to practice law in Senatobia.

## Political career

He was the mayor of Senatobia, Mississippi, from 1887 to 1888. He then was a member of the Mississippi State Senate, representing the state's 36th district which was composed of Union, Tippah, Benton, Marshall, and Tate counties, from 1892 to 1896. From 1896 to 1900, he was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives for Tate County. He was a presidential elector in the 1900 presidential election. After being re-elected in 1903, he was again a member of the Mississippi House for Tate County from 1904 to 1908. From 1908 to 1912, he was again a member of the Mississippi State Senate for the 36th district. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives for Tate County a final time from 1916 to 1920. He was again a member of the Mississippi Senate for the 36th district from 1920 to 1924. He then served in the same position from 1928 to 1932. East died in Mississippi in 1933.

## Personal life

East was an Episcopalian. He was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ) fraternity. East married Lula Whitten in 1892. They had three children, Whitten, Fletcher, and Lula.
# Urban Express News

Urban Express News is a Nigerian newspaper. Founded in March 2015, it is published by Urban Express News Nigeria Limited and edited by Olusegun Ariyo, its founder. The newspaper, a Nigerian focused publication, covers general news, politics, entertainment, urban and rural lifestyle, crime, environment, sports and column.

## History

The newspaper started publication on 3 May 2015 with its online edition. On 30 November 2024, the paper launched its print edition circulating it to its readers in Lagos and Abuja for free.
# Explosive rat

The explosive rat, also known as a rat bomb, was a weapon developed by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in World War II for use against Germany. Rat carcasses were filled with plastic explosives, and were to be distributed near German boiler rooms where it was expected they would be disposed of by burning, with the subsequent explosion having a chance of causing a boiler explosion.
The explosive rats never saw use, as the first shipment was intercepted by the Germans; however, the resulting search for more booby trapped rats consumed enough German resources for the SOE to conclude that the operation was a success.

## Development

During World War II, the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) procured about a hundred rodents, ostensibly for medical experiments. The rodents were killed and plastic explosives were sewn inside them.
The idea, developed in 1941, was that when the dead rat was discovered in the boiler room of a locomotive, factory, power station, or similar installation, the stoker tending the boiler would dispose of the unpleasant discovery by shoveling it into the furnace, causing the booby trapped rat to explode. A rat could contain only a small amount of explosive; however, a penetration of a highly pressurized steam boiler could trigger a devastating boiler explosion. A rat bomb could also be set with a delayed fuse.

## Operational history

The first shipment of carcasses was intercepted by the Germans, and the SOE plan was dropped. The Germans exhibited the rats at top military schools and conducted searches for further exploding rats. The SOE concluded: "The trouble caused to them was a much greater success to us than if the rats had actually been used."
A biography of Station IX officer J. Elder Wills claims that nine boilers were damaged in Belgian factories by the rats but is probably a myth.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Navrongo–Bolgatanga

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Navrongo–Bolgatanga (Latin: Dioecesis Navrongensis-Bolgatangana) is a diocese located in the cities of Navrongo and Bolgatanga in the ecclesiastical province of Tamale in Ghana.

## History

Apostolic Prefecture of Navrongo and Apostolic Vicariate of Navrongo were predecessors of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tamale.
* April 23, 1956: Name restored as Diocese of Navrongo from the Diocese of Keta and the Diocese of Tamale
* May 30, 1977: Renamed as Diocese of Navrongo–Bolgatanga

## Special churches

Sacred Heart Cathedral and Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Minor Basilica.

## Bishops

* Bishop of Navrongo (Roman rite)
** Bishop Gerard Bertrand, M. Afr. (April 12, 1957 – April 13, 1973)
* Bishops of Navrongo–Bolgatanga (Roman rite)
** Bishop Rudolph A. Akanlu (April 13, 1973 – March 14, 1994)
** Bishop Lucas Abadamloora (March 14, 1994 – December 23, 2009)
** Bishop Alfred Agyenta (April 5, 2011 – ?)

### Coadjutor Bishop

* Rudolph A. Akanlu (1972–73)
# Ian Lawther

William Ian Lawther (20 October 1939 – 25 April 2010) was a Northern Irish footballer who played for Sunderland and five other clubs in the English Football League. He also played four internationals for Northern Ireland.

## Club career

Lawther started his footballing career in his native Northern Ireland with Crusaders before moving to England, with Sunderland in 1958. A fine header of the ball, with an excellent instinct for finding space, he made his debut for Sunderland on 31 August 1959 against Aston Villa in a 3–0 at Villa Park. Between 1959 and 1961, he scored 41 goals in only 75 league appearances for Sunderland, a remarkable rate which, given the overall calibre of the players around him, has gone largely unrecognised. The arrival of Brian Clough saw him squeezed out of contention, consequently a marvellous opportunity to combine his considerable abilities with Clough's was very unwisely overlooked. He then signed for Blackburn Rovers for £18,000 in 1961 making 59 appearances, and scoring 21 goals in his time there.
He then moved to Scunthorpe United in 1963 for £12,000 and scored 22 goals for the Lincolnshire-based club in 60 league appearances. Following this, he joined Brentford for £17,000 in November 1964 and went on to make 152 appearances, scoring 44 goals for the club. Halifax Town was his next club as he signed for £3,000 in 1968, and he played for two seasons scoring 23 goals in 101 league appearances. The club he served longest was Stockport County, but he was far less productive at his time there than with other clubs, scoring 29 goals in 164 appearances. He finished up his playing career in Bangor City before retiring.

## International career

He won his first international cap for Northern Ireland on 6 April 1960 against Wales in a 3–2 defeat. He won three further caps for his country, making a total of four appearances without scoring a goal.
# Mansory

Mansory is a luxury car modification firm based in Brand, Germany. Besides luxury cars, they also work on supercars, luxury SUVs and custom bikes. The company was founded in 1989 by Iranian tuner Kourosh Mansory. His Munich-based workshop focused on modifications for British brands such as Rolls-Royce and Italian brands such as Ferrari. By mid-2001, the company had grown out of its Munich workshop and moved to its headquarters in the Fichtel Mountains. The company currently operates out of a workshop in Brand, Germany.
Mansory works on vehicles from a number of manufacturers, including Aston Martin, Audi, Bentley, BMW, Bugatti, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Lotus Cars, Maserati, Mercedes-Benz, Rolls-Royce, and Tesla. In November 2007, Mansory acquired the Porsche-tuning arm of Rinspeed AG. Rinspeed maintains its Swiss base in Zumikon at Lake Zurich. Currently, Mansory employs 182 members of staff worldwide and has a global dealership network.
Mansory's worldwide distribution network includes dealerships in Germany, United Kingdom, India, China, Canada, Poland, Russia, United States, Japan, Greece, Switzerland, Iceland, UAE and a few other countries.

## Garia Mansory Edition

At the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show, Mansory announced a commercial agreement with Garia. The company produced a series of special edition golf and leisure cars for wealthy clients. These cars featured carbon fibre body panels on the front, side steps and tail and elements of teak decking.

## Collaboration with Lotus Group

In 2012, Mansory signed an agreement with Lotus Group, then under the control of Dany Bahar who had ambitious expansion plans. Under the agreement, Mansory would provide its services to Lotus customers who would require bodywork, trim and special finishes for Lotus' the Elise, Exige and Evora range. The partnership developed following a series of one-off models produced by Mansory for Lotus including the Evora Concept Bespoke unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.
The partnership fell through shortly afterwards when Dany Bahar was removed as CEO of Lotus Group. In March 2019 Mansory released the GTE Final Edition at the Geneva Motor Show 2019, based on the Evora.

## Mansory Marine

In 2024, Mansory announced the Pirelli 42 and Pirelli 50. The RIB is fully equipped and renovated with Mansory leather and branding. Both boats use 600 hp Mercury Engines. The Pirelli RIB's have been showcased and revealed to the public at the 2024 Cannes Boat Show and the 2024 Genoa Boat Show.

## Gallery

* Mansory vehicles
* Mansory-tuned Mercedes-AMG GT at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show
* 2015 International Motor Show Germany
* Mansory Bugatti Veyron
* Mansory-tuned McLaren 720S at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show
* Rolls-Royce Cullinan Mansory Billionaire
* Mercedes-AMG G63 Mansory Star Trooper
* Mercedes-AMG S63 Mansory Apertus
* Mansory Bugatti Chiron Centuria
* Aston Martin DB11 Cyrus by Mansory
* Mansory Black Marlin
* Mansory Aventador
* Ferrari 812 Stallone by Mansory
* Lamborghini Urus Venatus by Mansory
* Ferrari 458 Spider Mansory Siracusa Monaco Limited Edition by Mansory
* Mansory 488 Spider Siracusa 4XX
* Mansory Aventador Roadster Carbonado Evo
# Anne Chambers (author)

Anne Chambers is an Irish biographer, novelist, and screenplay writer who lives and works in Dublin, and is best known for her biography of the 16th-century Irish Pirate Queen, Grace O'Malley.

## Early life and education

Chambers grew up in Castlebar, Ireland. She has a master's degree in history from the Convent of Mercy Castlebar.
Chambers initially worked as an executive at Central Bank, but left the job to pursue writing.

## Writing career

Chambers published a biography of Grace O'Malley (Gráinne Ní Mháille) in 1979. She has subsequently written several adaptations of this biography, including a play, a biopic, and a screenplay for a six part mini-series, which as of November 2022 was in development with Kristen Sheridan.
Chambers received the Wild Atlantic Words Hall of Fame Award in 2018.

## Books

* Grace O'Malley : The Biography of Ireland's Pirate Queen 1530-1603 (1979); Gill.
* Shadow Lord (2007); biography of Tibbot ne Long Bourke, 1st Viscount Mayo, Gráinne Ní Mháille's youngest son.
* Finding Tom Cruise (2007)
* Eleanor Countess of Desmond (2011)
* T.K. Whitaker: Portrait of a Patriot (2014)
* The Great Leviathan: the life of Howe Peter Browne, 2nd Marquess of Sligo (1788-1845)
# Ermes Purro

Ermes Purro (born 17 June 1999) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Serie D club Poggibonsi.

## Club career

Born in Massa, Purro was formed on Fiorentina youth system. He made his senior debut for Serie D club Lavagnese. On 11 July 2019 he joined to Serie C club Ravenna.
On 11 September 2020, Purro signed for Serie C club Lecco. His contract with Lecco was terminated by mutual consent on 21 December 2022.
# Dilan Chandima

Dilan Chandima (born 12 February 1990) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club in the 2009–10 Premier Trophy on 2 October 2009.
# John Ferrone

John Robert Ferrone (August 14, 1924 – April 10, 2016) was an American book editor. He edited The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty and The Color Purple.

## Life

He was born in Morristown, New Jersey and was raised in Rockaway Boro, New Jersey by his Italian immigrant parents. He served in World War II on Guam. He graduated from Colorado College and Stanford University. He worked for Dell Publishing and Harcourt, Brace & World. He retired in 1990. He was an editor to Anais Nin, Alice Walker, Eudora Welty, C.S. Lewis, Janet Flanner, and James Beard, for whom he served as literary executor. His partner for 43 years was the South African diplomat and United Nations employee Johan Theron, who died in 2002.
Alice Walker's letters are at Emory University. Eudora Welty's letters are at The Dobkin Family Collection of Feminism.
# A4123 road

The A4123, is a major road in the West Midlands of the UK linking Wolverhampton with Birmingham via Dudley, also known as the Birmingham New Road (Wolverhampton to Dudley) and Wolverhampton Road (Dudley to Birmingham). It was one of the first major new roads constructed for use by motor traffic, and was designed as an unemployment relief project. It runs roughly northwest to southeast from the Wolverhampton Ring Road via Dudley to Harborne, west Birmingham. Until the 1960s, the road continued along the former B4123 to the A441 near Kings Norton. This became part of the A4040 during the 1960s when the Outer Ring Road came into existence.
Construction of the road began on 4 February 1924, and was built in individual sections. The route went through Bury Hill Park in Rounds Green, which resulted in the park lodge and refreshment rooms having to be demolished and rebuilt. It provided jobs for at least 470 unemployed workers in surrounding areas including Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Dudley, West Bromwich, Smethwick and Oldbury. It was opened by the then Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII of the United Kingdom) on 2 November 1927.
The road has previously been a Trunk Road (looked after by the Highways Agency), but was detrunked on 13 November 2008.
National Express West Midlands services 8 and X8 serve the majority of the A4123 from Wolverhampton to Dudley while National Express West Midlands service 126 serves the section from Dudley to Birmingham (Hagley Road).
# Gorica, Pag

Gorica (Croatian pronunciation:, Italian: Valsaline) is a small village on the Croatian island of Pag, in Zadar County. Administratively, it is part of the town of Pag. As of 2021, it had a population of 87.
# Savith Priyan

Savith Priyan (born 14 November 1990) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Badureliya Sports Club in the 2016–17 Premier League Tournament on 28 December 2016. He made his List A debut for Ampara District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 25 March 2017. He made his Twenty20 debut for Badureliya Sports Club in the 2017–18 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 24 February 2018.
# Chrudoš

Chrudoš is a male first name, derived from the Czech word chruditi ("weaken"); therefore, Chrudoš literally means "boy who is weakened" and comes from the name Chrudim. It is mentioned in the Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and of Zelená Hora (19th century). The name day is celebrated on 22 or 23 January or 25 October.

## Nicknames

Chruďa, Chrudík, Chrudko, Chrudošek, Došek, Chru

## Famous bearers

* Libuše, about brothers Chrudoš a Šťáhlav
# Orta Cami Mosque

Orta Cami Mosque (Crimean Tatar: Orta Cami, Ukrainian: Мечеть Орта-Джамі, Russian: Мечеть Орта-Джами, Turkish: Orta Camii) is one of the oldest mosques in Crimea. It is situated on the modern day Lenina Street in the old town of Bakhchysarai.
It used to be the main Friday prayer mosque in the capital of Crimean Khanate. The earliest known mention of it was in 1674, as a ma'ale mosque (main mosque of the corresponding district). The mosque was in bad condition and its minaret along with some other small surrounding buildings were completely destroyed until the end of 2012 when its reconstruction started. It is financed by Hajji Enver Umerov - Omer Kirimli family. The reconstruction also involved rebuilding of the minaret from the scratch as well as some minor buildings previously located next to the mosque. Currently, as many years ago, it is once again one of the most important places in Bakhchysarai.

## Photos

* Orta Juma Jami (completed in 1674), Bakhchysarai, Crimea, Ukraine. Restored in 2013.
* Orta Juma Jami (completed in 1674), Bakhchysarai, Crimea, Ukraine. Restored in 2013.
* Orta Juma Jami (completed in 1674), Bakhchisaray, Crimea, Ukraine. Restored in 2013. View outside of the main Lenina street.
* Orta Juma Jami (1674), Bakhchysarai, Crimea, Ukraine, 2013.
# Serra do Mar tyrant-manakin

The Serra do Mar tyrant-manakin (Neopelma chrysolophum), or Serra do Mar neopelma or the Serra tyrant-manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae, or manakin family. It is endemic to humid mountain forest and woodland in south-eastern Brazil. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Wied's tyrant-manakin.
# Abdulkader Dakka

Abdulkader Dakka (Arabic: عَبْد الْقَادِر دَكَّة; born 10 January 1985 in Latakia, Syria) is a Syrian footballer. He currently plays for Al-Wahda, which competes in the Syrian Premier League the top division in Syria. He plays as a defender, wearing the number 30 jersey for Al-Wahda and for the Syrian national football team he wears the number 17 shirt.

## Career
### Club career

Dakka started his professional career with Tishreen. On 8 March 2008, he transferred to Lebanese Premier League club Al-Ansar. Dakka left the Lebanese club after four months. In July 2008, he moved to the Syrian League club Al-Ittihad and helped the club reach the final of the AFC Cup the second most important association cup in Asia. Al-Ittihad won the final against Kuwaiti Premier League champions Al-Qadsia after penalties. The game was tied 1–1 after regular time and Extra Time. In February 2011, he transferred to Chinese Super League club Shanghai Shenhua on a ten-month deal. but after five months the contract has been dissolved. Dakka returned to Al-Ittihad and won the 2010–11 Syrian Cup with his team.

### International career

Dakka was a part of the Syrian U-19 national team that finished in Fourth place at the 2004 AFC U-19 Championship in Malaysia and he was a part of the Syrian U-20 national team at the 2005 FIFA U-20 World Cup in the Netherlands. He plays against Canada, Italy and Colombia in the group-stage of the FIFA U-20 World Cup and against Brazil in the Round of 16. He was selected to Valeriu Tiţa's 23-man final squad for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar and played full 90 minutes in all Syria's three group games against Saudi Arabia, Japan and Jordan.

## Honour and Titles
### Club

Al-Ittihad
* Syrian Cup: 2011
* AFC Cup: 2010

### National Team

* AFC U-19 Championship 2004: Fourth place
* FIFA U-20 World Cup 2005: Round of 16
* West Asian Games 2005: Runner-up
# Michael Goldacre

Michael John Goldacre (born 3 January 1944 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian-born British medical doctor and academic. He has been a fellow of Magdalen College since 1985 and was awarded a Title of Distinction as Professor of Public Health at the University of Oxford in 2002. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians,a Fellow of the Faculty of Public Health, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine

## Early life

Michael Goldacre was born on 3 January 1944 in Melbourne, Australia. His great-great-grandfather was journalist and politician Sir Henry Parkes, father of the Australian Federation. He was educated at Bec School, a grammar school in London, England. He studied medicine at Magdalen College, Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree, with first class honours, and at University College Hospital, London, graduating with Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (BM BCh) degrees.

## Career

He has been at the University of Oxford since 1974, when he was appointed clinical lecturer in social and community medicine. He was the Director of the Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology and the Oxford Record Linkage Study from 1986 to 2015. He was also scientific director of the South East England Public Health Observatory from 2000 until 2005, and director of the UK Medical Careers Research Group from 1993 to 2015.

## Personal life

In 1973 he married Australian singer Susan M Traynor, who performed in the band Fox and as Noosha Fox, in Wandsworth, London. One of their sons is the science writer Ben Goldacre.
# Lakshitha de Silva

Lakshitha de Silva (born Muthumuni Raween Lakshitha de Silva on 30 April 1990) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who plays for Seeduwa Raddoluwa Sports Club. He was born in Chilaw. Lakshitha de Silva studied at Royal College, Colombo.
De Silva, who played for the Under-23s team during the 2009 season, made his List A debut in 2009–10, against Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club. In the first innings in which he batted, he scored 26 runs.