OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maciej Franz

Maciej Franz (born 1969 in Toruń) is a Polish historian; the expert of the sea wars and Zaporozhian Hosts wars; professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.
He was born in Toruń, but he moved to Poznań on the time of studies and settled here. He finished the Department of History on Adam Mickiewicz University. In 1993–2007 years taught at general education secondary school in Bolechowo near Poznań. He taught the history of the military on the department of the history in the Adam Mickiewicz University. He is the member of Instytut im. gen. Stefana Grota Roweckiego in Leszno and the solid co - worker of the quarterly "Okręty Wojenne".
In 2019 he gained the title of professor.

## Scientific titles

* Habilitation – (7 November 2007)
* Doctorate (since 7 June 1999): Wojskowość Kozaczyzny Zaporoskiej. (Geneza i charakter), Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza; Wydział Historyczny; Instytut Historii, 1999

## More important scientific publications

* Fáa di Bruno. Najbrzydszy okręt wojenny świata, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2019
* Wojskowość Kozaczyzny Zaporoskiej. (Geneza i charakter), Toruń 2002
* Rosyjskie okręty lotnicze do 1941 roku, [w:] Okręty Wojenne, Tarnowskie Góry 2002;
* Bitwy pod Żółtymi Wodami i Korsuniem – kampania hetmana wielkiego koronnego Mikołaja Potockiego na Ukrainie w 1648 roku, [w:] Historia bliższa i dalsza.
* Polityka – Społeczeństwo – Wojskowość. Studia z historii powszechnej i Polski, Poznań–Kalisz 2001

## Books

* Wojskowość Kozaczyzny Zaporoskiej w XVI-XVII wieku
* Amerykańskie lotniskowce LEXINGTON i SARATOGA
* Mare Integrans. Studia nad dziejami wybrzeży Morza Bałtyckiego
* Idea państwa kozackiego na ziemiach ukraińskich w XVI–XVII wieku
# Vektor CP1

The Vektor СР1 is a semi-automatic pistol that was made in South Africa by Lyttleton Engineering Works (LIW) which was a division of Denel SOC, now Denel Land Systems, from 1996 to 2001.

## Design

The CP1 pistol was intended as a concealed carry weapon for law enforcement and civilian use. It has an unusual, streamlined design with a polymer frame and an even more unusual safety, located at the front of the trigger-guard.
In several reviews it was characterized as being a radically designed gun that looks like something straight out of a science fiction movie. These reviews stated that it has no sharp edges, and is about as "snag-proof" as any combat gun can ever be, and because of its design it is a surprisingly comfortable gun to shoot, which makes it feel very ergonomic.
The pistol originally sold in the United States for a retail price of approximately $400. In Italy the pistol was chambered for the 9×21mm IMI cartridge.
The CP1 uses a gas-delayed blowback action with a gas cylinder located below the barrel. The trigger is a single action, internal hammer.
A manual safety is located at the front of the trigger guard. To set on Safe, the button must be pressed rearward from the front; to set on Fire, the button must be pressed forward from inside the trigger guard.
The pistol is fitted with an automated trigger safety. Magazines are double stack; 10 & 12-round magazines are flush fit with the bottom of the grip, 13-round magazines have extended finger rests at the bottom.
LIW was developing a .40 S&W caliber version of the CP1, to be known as the CP1N. It is unknown if the CP1N was ever actually produced.

## Recall

During its production the CP1 has been recalled twice. In 2000 the second recall notice was issued for the Vektor CP1. The recall states that the loaded gun can discharged if bumped or dropped and that the gun should not be loaded under any circumstances. Most of the CP1 pistols turned in from South African customers were fitted with a safety pin block and returned to their owners with a certificate stating the repair had been made. Without this certificate South African owners cannot license a CP1 pistol. The potential risk of a class action lawsuit in the USA, and logistical issues of returning pistols to their foreign owners lead to a buy back program where owners were paid $500 to turn in their gun. In 2001 restructuring of Vektor by its parent company Denel, and a failed link up attempt with Colt USA led to the end production of civilian firearms by Vektor.
As of July 2000, 13000 pistols had been sold, of which 6000 were sold outside of South Africa. Because of the buy back program the pistols are now very rare in the United States. They are available in very limited numbers in South Africa and other countries.

## Users

* South Africa: The CP1 has seen limited use in South African Police Service. It is also popular in the civilian market and with private security firms.
# Marengo, Columbia County, Washington

Marengo is a planned, never constructed town in Columbia County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The community was named after Louis "Marengo" Raboin, an early settler. It was proposed as a choice for county seat, but did not win the vote.
# Aaraattu

Ārāttu (pronounced) is an annual ritual performed during Hindu temple festivals in Kerala, India, in which a priest bathe the idol of a deity by dipping it in a river or a temple tank. It is mainly carried out at the end of a temple festival. Ārāttu is celebrated twice annually—the spring festival (March - April) and the autumn festival (October - November). A festival normally lasts 10 days.

## Major festivals

One of the important Arattu in Kerala is conducted at Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram by Travancore royal family, procession is carried out to Shankumugham Beach for the ceremony. The operations at the Trivandrum International Airport stops twice a year for the procession to pass through the runway to the Shankumugham Beach. At Ambalappuzha Sree Krishna Swamy Temple, the festival starts with a flag hoisting, after bathing the deities, ambalappuzha palpayasam (a sweet pudding) is offered to the gods. The eight-day long festival at Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple, Thrippunithura is concluded with an aaraattu.

## In popular culture

A 1979 Malayalam film directed by I. V. Sasi was titled Aarattu, and a 2021 film directed by B. Unnikrishnan also use the same title, both the films are otherwise unrelated to the ritual.
# Bishopswood Meadows

Bishopswood Meadows is a nature reserve situated within the Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in the county of Somerset, England. The reserve comprises five fields totalling 9.3 hectares (23 acres); all of the fields are on a gentle north-facing slope with the River Yarty at the base. The reserve, formerly part of Woodend Farm, was purchased by Somerset Wildlife Trust in 1991–92.

## Geology

The underlying geology is mostly lower Lias Group clays and limestone. In the second half of the 19th century an extensive lime burning industry was based around the Bishopswood area.
The impact of this is still obvious today with a Lime Kiln, distinctive key hole shaped quarry, spoil heaps (tailings), access tracks and paths still clearly discernible within the reserve.

## Lime Kiln

Much of the soil on the Blackdown Hills is very acidic. After the 1851 inclosure acts there was a huge demand for lime as farmers wanted to spread lime on the newly enclosed commons to reduce the acidity of the soil. As a result, an extensive lime burning industry grew around the Bishopswood area and continued throughout the century. Quicklime was also an essential resource for the building industry. Quicklime (Calcium Oxide) was mixed with water to make slaked lime which was used as a putty and whitewash. It was also mixed with sand to make lime mortar, often considered superior to modern cements as it allows the building to breathe. The kiln, which has a capacity of 19 tons, is of stone construction and stands at approximately four meters high. It was sited to make use of the prevailing wind and was ignited with brushwood. The kiln is lined with red shale or slate and would have reached a temperature of 1000 °C in its hottest point, the burning zone. Limestone and fuel (coal or culm) were placed in alternating layers at the top of the kiln. The limestone would have come from the adjacent quarry and it is likely that the fuel was from South Wales, transported via the Chard Canal. The burnt "lump lime" (quicklime) fell through a grate at the bottom of the kiln and was removed from below.

## Wildlife

Much of the wildlife interest at the reserve is due to its history of quarrying activity. The mix of calcareous (lime rich) and neutral soil conditions attract an interesting range of animals.
Many calcareous species such as cowslip, quaking grass and dwarf thistle thrive in the reserve's old quarry and spoil heaps. The early purple orchid is also common in some areas.
One field consists of unimproved rush pasture with species such as common spotted orchid, marsh marigold and ragged robin. The River Yarty is also an important habitat, used by otter, kingfisher, dipper and golden-ringed dragonfly.
All of the fields in the reserve have thick hedgerows of hazel, hawthorn, field maple, ash, holly amongst others. Dormice can be spotted amongst these hedgerows as well as common blue, ringlet and marbled white butterflies.

## Conservation

The reserve is managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust who aim to maintain the existing wildlife rich areas and increase the species diversity of the reserve.
# Irvona, Pennsylvania

Irvona is a borough in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 549 at the 2020 census.

## History

The borough of Irvona was named in honor of Edward A. Irvin, a Union Army lieutenant colonel and member of the Pennsylvania Senate. The town was incorporated on September 2, 1890.

## Geography

Irvona is located in southern Clearfield County at 40°46′25″N 78°33′9″W﻿ / ﻿40.77361°N 78.55250°W﻿ / 40.77361; -78.55250 (40.773516, -78.552552), along Clearfield Creek, a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River. Pennsylvania Route 53 passes through the borough, leading south 2 miles (3 km) to Coalport and northeast 4 miles (6 km) to Glen Hope.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Irvona has a total area of 0.95 square miles (2.46 km$^2$), of which 0.93 square miles (2.41 km$^2$) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km$^2$), or 2.12%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 680 people, 241 households, and 182 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,069.2 inhabitants per square mile (412.8/km$^2$). There were 258 housing units at an average density of 405.7 per square mile (156.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the borough was 99.41% White, and 0.59% from two or more races.
There were 241 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.27.
In the borough, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $39,000. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $21,719 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $11,785. About 12.4% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.
# HMS Blandford (1720)

HMS Blandford was a member of the 1719 Establishment Group of 20-gun sixth rates. After commissioning she spent her career in Home Waters, the Baltic, North America and the Mediterranean on trade protection duties. After more than 20 years service in the Royal Navy, she was sold at Deptford in October 1742. New owner, Bristol based James Pearce, refitted the vessel and entered her into the transatlantic slave trade.
Blandford was the second named vessel since it was used for a 24-gun sixth rate launched at Woolwich on 29 October 1711 and lost with all hands in the Bay of Biscay on 23 March 1719.

## Construction

She was ordered on 4 July 1719 from Deptford Dockyard to be built under the guidance of Richard Stacey, Master Shipwright of Deptford. She was launched on 13 February 1720. She was completed for sea on 4 March 1720 at a cost of 3,041.11.3d plus 480.0.83/4 for fitting.

## Commissioned service
### In the Royal Navy

She was commissioned in 1720 under the command of Captain William Martin, RN for service in the Baltic then to Carolina from 1721 to 24. She under the command of Captain George Protheroe, RN in 1727 for service in the Mediterranean in 1728 then she moved to New England in 1730/31. She returned home and paid off in July 1732. She was underwent a great repair at Sheerness from September 1732 to February 1733 at a cost of £1,872.1.9d. She was under the command of Captain George Burrish, RN for service in the North Sea in May 1732, She went to the Portuguese coast in 1734, then back to the English Channel in 1735 on to Georgia in 1738 and Jamaica 1739–40. She sailed for home with dispatches on 1 September 1740. She was surveyed in December 1740.

### Into the Atlantic slave trade

In 1742, Bristol based James Pearce purchased the vessel. After refitted her, he entered her into the Atlantic slave trade. Under Captain John Brackenridge, HMS Blandford would have taken part in a triangular trade. Of the 468 slaves embarked during Blandford’s first and only known slavery voyage, only around 400 survived to be landed ashore in Kingston, colony of Jamaica. Upon Blandford’s return to England in June 1745, she was put up for sale a second time. The purchaser and her future unfolded is not known.

## Disposition

HMS Blandford was lost with all hands during a storm in the Bay of Biscay on 23 March 1719.

## Homage

The town of Blandford, Massachusetts, in the USA, is named after her.
# Nyholmiella

Nyholmiella is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Orthotrichaceae.
Originally the two species were places in the genus Orthotrichum and in 1885 classified as a separate subgenus. Then in 1908 they were assigned to Stroemia, but this was deemed illegitimate and renamed to Nyholmiella named after Swedish botanist Elsa Nyholm.

## Species

* Nyholmiella gymnostoma (Bruch ex Brid.) Holmen & E.Warncke
* Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Brid.) Holmen & E.Warncke
# Madison, Pennsylvania

Madison is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 397 at the 2010 census. The borough was named for James Madison, fourth President of the United States.

## Geography

Madison is located at 40°14′55″N 79°40′46″W﻿ / ﻿40.24861°N 79.67944°W﻿ / 40.24861; -79.67944 (40.248616, -79.679527).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 510 people, 219 households, and 158 families living in the borough. The population density was 962.6 inhabitants per square mile (371.7/km$^2$). There were 225 housing units at an average density of 424.7 per square mile (164.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the borough was 99.41% White, 0.20% Asian, and 0.39% from two or more races. Of the 219 households 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 23.3% of households were one person and 12.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.74.
The age distribution was 17.1% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 32.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% 65 or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.
The median household income was $41,875 and the median family income was $46,250. Males had a median income of $27,321 versus $23,958 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $20,773. About 5.0% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

## In fiction

The 1991 film My Girl takes place in Madison in the summer of 1972. Its sequel, My Girl 2, also took place in Madison in the first part, set in the 1973–74 school year.
# Ziv Shilon

Ziv Shilon (Hebrew: זיו שילון; born May 10, 1988) is an Israeli entrepreneur, lecturer and social activist. He served as an officer in the Givati Brigade and was severely wounded on the Gaza Strip in 2012 where he lost his left hand in battle.

## Biography

On October 23, 2012, Shilon was critically injured during a military operation on the Gaza border. An explosive device that was planted on the fence severed his left hand and severely damaged his right hand. Subsequently, he underwent 17 surgical operations and 11 months of intensive rehabilitation.

## Social and business activity

In April 2016, he launched the "Combat Fitness" project in the only juvenile detention facility in Israel, Ofek Prison. It was created in collaboration with the IDF Association and the prison administration. The goal of "Combat Fitness" was to facilitate the rehabilitation of adolescent boys through empowerment and connection with the IDF soldiers. They would then be provided with pre-military preparations and become members of the IDF after their release.

### Business activity

In February 2017, Shilon, along with his partners, established "OurGoods," a platform that connects manufacturers to consumers. In February 2018, Shilon was selected to be one of the Forbes 30 Under 30 list.
During 2018–2020, Shilon's contributed to the development of a Microsoft Xbox gaming remote for players with disabilities. The specialized gaming remote was presented on the "Most Respected List, within the "Ten Most Important Developments in the Last Decade" by Time Magazine. Shilon joined as a consultant and shareholder in another company targeting the operations of disabilities control, "6Degrees," in which an Israeli team develops algorithms that enable the control in smart devices without the use of touch, benefitting those affected with limited motor skills.

## Other activities

In 2015, Shilon completed the 42.2 km Berlin Marathon. In November 2018, after two years of training, Shilon became one of the few athletes to successfully complete the Iron Man competition, despite the physical disability of both his hands. The competition was held in Arizona, USA, where Shilon competed unrestrictedly alongside able-bodied athletes, crossing the finish line after 13 hours.
Shilon has published content in collaboration with the newspaper, Yedioth Achronoth.
# Mill Village, Pennsylvania

Mill Village is a borough in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 394 at the 2020 census, down from 412 during the 2010 census. It is part of the Erie Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Mill Village is located in southern Erie County at 41°52′34″N 79°58′21″W﻿ / ﻿41.87611°N 79.97250°W﻿ / 41.87611; -79.97250 (41.876050, -79.972607). It is surrounded by LeBoeuf Township. U.S. Route 6 passes through the borough, leading east 7 miles (11 km) to Union City and southwest 8 miles (13 km) to Cambridge Springs. Erie is 19 miles (31 km) to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Mill Village has a total area of 0.93 square miles (2.4 km$^2$), all land. It sits on the eastern edge of the valley of French Creek, part of the Allegheny River watershed.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 412 people, 149 households, and 116 families residing in the borough. The population density was 452.6 inhabitants per square mile (174.7/km$^2$). There were 162 housing units at an average density of 177.9 per square mile (68.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.30% White, 0.24% African American, 0.97% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races.
There were 149 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $34,375, and the median income for a family was $35,156. Males had a median income of $24,444 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $12,529. About 7.2% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.
# Sadettin Kaynak

Sadettin Kaynak (1895 – 3 February 1961) was a prominent composer of Turkish classical music.

## Biography

Born in Istanbul, he became a hafiz at a young age. He lost his father early in his youth. He completed his music education at the Istanbul University. Later, he traveled to south east Anatolia and researched Turkish folk music there. He was supported by the new republic; he was one of the most important composers of Turkish classical music. He introduced western concepts in unique "makams" (movements). He supported the reforms introduced by Atatürk. Being an Imam, he was one of the first religious people reciting "Muslim prayers call known as Ezan" in pure Turkish. He composed over 300 songs in classical Turkish music. He had a stroke in 1955, and lived paralyzed until his death on 3 February 1961. He was buried at Merkezefendi Cemetery.

## Major works

Below is a list of some of his compositions with the associated makam. He has got 330 composition in 42 different makam.
* Dertliyim ruhuma hicranını (segah-nihavend)
* Bir esmer dilberin vuruldum hüsnüne (kürdilihicazkar)
* Leyla (hicazkar)
* Enginde yavaş yavaş (hicaz)
* Kalplerden dudaklara (nihavent)
* Ben güzele güzel demem (mahur)
* Batan gün kana benziyor (muhayyer)
* Çıkar yücelerden haber sorarım (hüzzam).