OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ASCAP boycott

The ASCAP boycott was a 1941 boycott of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) by radio broadcasters, due to license fees. From another perspective, it was a boycott of radio broadcasters by ASCAP, "concerned about the unlicensed radio broadcast of its members' material ..."

## Causes of the boycott

Between 1931 and 1939, ASCAP increased royalty rates charged to broadcasters some 448%.
In 1940, when ASCAP tried to triple its license fees, radio broadcasters prepared to resist their demands by enforcing a boycott of ASCAP, and inaugurating a competing royalty agency, Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI). It is currently the largest performing rights organization in the United States and one of the largest in the world.

## Events of the boycott

During a ten-month period lasting from January 1 to October 29, 1941, no music licensed by ASCAP (1,250,000 songs) was broadcast on NBC or CBS radio stations. Instead, the stations played songs in the public domain, regional music, and styles (like rhythm and blues or country) that had been traditionally disdained by ASCAP, resulting in many classical compositions being recorded by the big bands.

## Resolution

When the differences between ASCAP and the broadcasters were resolved, ASCAP agreed to settle for a lower fee than they had initially demanded.

## Beneficiaries of the boycott

"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", an 1854 song, was a notorious beneficiary of the ASCAP boycott. According to Time magazine, "So often had BMI's Jeannie [sic] With the Light Brown Hair been played that she was widely reported to have turned grey." Another beneficiary was Glenn Miller's "Song of the Volga Boatmen".
# Gordon R. Thompson

Gordon R. Thompson (March 2, 1918 – February 4, 1995) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada from 1961 to 1980.
Born in Reno, Nevada to Reuben C. Thompson and Mabel M. Thompson, Gordon Thompson was the younger brother of Bruce R. Thompson, who served as a federal judge from 1963 to 1978, and both men had a sister, Mary. With his wife, Kathleen, Thompson had two daughters, Mada and Marie.
After graduating from Reno High School in 1936, Thompson attended the University of Nevada, Reno, the same university his brother attended. After earning a bachelor's degree in 1940, Thompson, like his brother, left Reno to attend California's Stanford Law School, where he earned his LL.B. in 1943.
From 1957 to 1959, Thompson served as one of five members of the Advisory Committee to the Supreme Court of Nevada on Rules of Civil Procedure.
In 1961, Governor Grant Sawyer appointed Thompson to the Nevada Supreme Court, making him, at 42 years old, the youngest appointee to any state supreme court in the nation at that point.
Re-elected three times, Thompson also served as chief justice several times. Among Thompson's opponents for re-election was future Chief Justice Charles Springer, a former Sawyer ally who ran against Sawyer in the 1966 primary election and made an unsuccessful bid to unseat Thompson in 1974.
During Thompson's tenure on the Court, it adopted the Nevada Rules on the Administrative Docket.
Thompson retired from the Nevada Supreme Court in 1980, citing conflicts among the court's justices.
After leaving the court, Thompson taught law at the now-defunct Old College School of Law.
# Mickey McCarty

Mickey McCarty (November 15, 1946 – July 21, 2010) was a professional American football player who played tight end for one season for the Kansas City Chiefs. McCarty was also drafted by the Chicago Bulls of the NBA (15th round, 183rd overall pick in the 1968 draft), the MLB's Cleveland Indians (25th round of the 1968 draft), and the Dallas Chaparrals of the ABA, but decided to play with the Chiefs in the American Football League, who drafted him in the fourth round with the 90th pick in the 1968 NFL/AFL draft.
# Semir (company)

Zhejiang Semir Garment Co., Ltd, was founded by Qiu Guanghe in the province of Wenzhou, China on December 18, 1996.

## About

Semir Group is a leading Chinese multi-brand listed garment company focused on the fashion retail business of casual wear and children’s wear with two major brands—SEMIR and balabala.
Today the company has over than 4,000 employees, operates a sales network with more than 7000 standalone stores in China and over 12 countries and regions and became publicity listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2011.
The company has gained a sustainable and steady growth in the recent years. In 2019, the company has achieved revenue of approximately 2.798 billion dollars and profit of 311 million dollars.
Semir Group has been shortlisted for the top ten profit and sales in China's clothing industry and the top 500 private enterprises in China for many years.

## History

1996: The Semir was founded in Wenzhou
1997: The Semir brand casual wear opened the first store in Jiangsu province
2002: Semir launched balabala, the new kids clothes brand of the company
2006: The Semir brand was successively awarded the titles of "China Famous Brand" and "China Famous Trademark", and was listed among the top 10 competitiveness of China's garment industry
2006: On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Semir's establishment, Semir group invested 20 million yuan to establish Semir Charity Fund, which is used to help disadvantaged groups in society and enterprises who encounter difficulties
2010: Semir Group donated 3 million yuan to Yushu disaster area and donated 2 million yuan of clothing
2011: Zhejiang Semir Garment Co., Ltd was listed on the SME board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
2012: Semir Group established Zhejiang Semir E-commerce Company in Hangzhou.
2013: Semir Group became the general agent of German brand Marc O'Polo clothing products in China
2017: The group began the international expansion, with opening its first foreign store in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
2019: The annual sales of Semir group exceeded 2.9 billion USD, the number of stores reached more than 7.000
2020: Semir Group donates 10 million yuan to support the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic
2021: Semir and balabala brand continue global expansion and enters new markets of: Nepal, Vietnam, Qatar, Dubai, Macao and Cambodia, trading in more than 25 countries and regions

## Notable brand endorsers

* Han Geng (2009)
* Choi Siwon (2009)
* Show Lo (2009)
* Super Junior-M (2009-2010)
* Lee Min-ho (2012-2014)
* Kim Soo-hyun (2014-2015)
* Lee Jong-suk (2014-2016)
* Minah (2014-2016)
* Yura (2014-2016)
* Kim Woo-bin (2015-2017)
* Yang Yang (2016-2018)
# Stephen C. Reber

Stephen C. Reber Sr. of Statesville, North Carolina, is a former Presiding Bishop of the United Episcopal Church of North America (UECNA). Before being elected as Presiding Bishop of the UECNA, Reber had some years previously been a presbyter in the Anglican Orthodox Church and rector of St. Peter's Anglican Church in Statesville. He is married to Judy and is an avid Anglophile.
Reber served as the Presiding Bishop of the United Episcopal Church from late 1996 until 2010. During that time he drove many thousands of miles in the eastern and south central United States re-establishing the UECNA's presence in those areas. His initial inter-jurisdictional efforts focused on the Anglican Province in America, but after they signed an agreement with the Reformed Episcopal Church, he became disenchanted with that arrangement and refocused his thinking on better relations with the Anglican Catholic Church.
On September 6, 2010, Reber retired as the Archbishop/Presiding Bishop of the United Episcopal Church. He continued his ministry as the rector of All Saints' United Episcopal Church in Hillsborough, North Carolina, until the end of April 2014 at which point he retired completely from active ministry.
# Izadshahr

Izadshahr (Persian: ايزدشهر) is a city in the Central District of Nur County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Natel Kenar-e Sofla Rural District. It is on the Caspian Sea. The villages of Izdeh-e Bazarsar (ایزده بازار سر), Izdeh-e Siraj Mahalleh (ایزده سراج محله), and Amirabad (امیر آباد) merged in 2005 to become the city of Izadshahr.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 6,882 in 1,923 households. The following census in 2011 counted 6,797 people in 2,065 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,439 people in 2,514 households.
# Henry Kerr

Henry Kerr (18 July 1874 – 19 August 1933) was a Jamaican cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for the Jamaican cricket team in 1905/06.
# Our Lady of Lebanon Procathedral, Bogotá

The Our Lady of Lebanon Procathedral (Spanish: Procatedral de Nuestra Señora del Líbano ) also called Catholic Maronite Cathedral of Bogotá or Church of Our Lady of Lebanon And alternatively Church of Santa Clara de Assís (Church of St. Clare of Assisi) is the name that receives a temple that belongs to the Catholic Church that is located in the Carrera 8A N ° 98–31 to the north of the city of Bogotá the capital of the South American country of Colombia. The congregation uses the Maronite rite in full communion with the Holy See in Rome.
The church is the procathedral or temporary headquarters of the Catholic Maronite Apostolic Exarch of Colombia (Exarchatus Apostolicus Columbiae) which uses a church ceded by the Latin rite Archdiocese of Bogotá and was created by Pope Francis on January 20, 2016 to attend to the needs Religious of the Catholic community Maronite in Colombia that until now had to attend other Catholic churches of Roman or Latin rite.
The temple is attended by Father Fadi Abou Chebel of the Maronite Order Mariamita (Ordo Maronita Beatae Mariae Virginis).
# Cynwyd Forest Quarry

Cynwyd Forest Quarry (Welsh: Chwarel Coedwig Cynwyd) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located aside a track within the Cynwyd Forest near Corwen, Denbighshire, North Wales.
Sometimes referred to in literature as 'Bwlch y Gaseg' and in very close proximity to the area of the same name. It was described by Rushton et al. (2000) and exposes Late Ordovician micaceous siltstones and mudstones of the Dolhir Formation (Ashgill Series, Rawtheyan Stage) which yields a rich shelly (brachiopod) fauna. Trilobites are represented by several genera although the fauna is dominated by Gravicalymene arcuata Price, 1982. Bivalves, bryozoans and various Echinodermata (Crinoids and Cystoids) are also present. Examples of most of the fossils listed below are illustrated and briefly described (or remarked upon) in "Fossils of the Upper Ordovician" by Harper and Owen (Eds.).

## Fossils include

Bryozoa:
* Pinnatoporella carinata (Etheridge)
* Phylloporina sp.
* Graptodictya sp.
Brachiopoda:
* Leptaena sp.
Cephalopoda:
* Zitteloceras costatum Teichert.
Trilobita:
* Gravicalymene arcuata Price
* Illaenus (Parillaenus) davisii (Salter)
* Remopleurides cf. nicholsoni Reed
* Pseudospaerexochus cf. conformis (Angelin)
* Pseudospaerexochus octolobatus (McCoy)
* Calyptaulax sp.
* Tretaspis sp.
Crinoidea:
* Cupulocorona rugosa Donovan and Paul
Cystoidea
* Regulaecystis inconstans Paul
* Dendrocystoides sp.

## Gallery

* Cynwyd Forest Quarry - photo taken July 20, 2021.
* Cynwyd Forest Quarry, 20-July-2021.
# George H. Ethridge

George Hamilton Ethridge (February 26, 1871 – November 26, 1957) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi from 1917 to 1941. He lived in Meridian, Mississippi.

## Life and career

Born in Kemper County, Mississippi, Ethridge attended the Iron Springs Institute in Neshoba County, Mississippi, and Linden Academy in Linden, Tennessee, and taught school while reading law from 1892 to 1894. He gained admission to the bar in Mississippi, served in the Mississippi House of Representatives representing Kemper County from 1904 to 1908, and was thereafter an assistant attorney general until 1916, when he declared his candidacy for a seat on the state supreme court. Ethridge lead the vote in the August 15 Democratic primary, and won the September 5 runoff by a more substantial margin. Ethridge ran unopposed for reelection in 1924 and 1932, but in 1940, at the age of 69, faced a challenge from a younger opponent who highlighted Ethridge's age. Ethridge campaigned little, and was soundly defeated in the election. After leaving the court, Ethridge was again an assistant attorney general for several years.
Ethridge also wrote poetry, publishing a volume in 1919, and another in 1924.

## Personal life

On September 28, 1904, Ethridge married Lula Tann, with whom he had three sons and three daughters. Ethridge died in Jackson, Mississippi, at the age of 86, and was interred at Lakewood Memorial Park.
William N. Ethridge, who later served on the court, was the son of Ethridge's cousin.
# Yan Bouché

Yan Bouché (born 19 March 1999) is a Luxembourgish footballer who plays as a winger or striker for FC Victoria Rosport.

## Early life

Bouché started playing football at the age of four.

## Career

In 2019, Bouché signed for Luxembourgish side Racing FC Union Luxembourg.

## Style of play

Bouché mainly operates as a winger or striker and is known for his speed.

## Personal life

Bouché has trained to become a teacher.
# Hydrogenated polydec-1-ene

Hydrogenated poly-1-decene is a colourless glazing agent. It is "a mixture of isoparaffinic molecules of known structure, prepared by hydrogenation of mixtures of tri-, tetra- penta- and hexa-1-decenes". It was reviewed in 2001 by the Scientific Committee on Food of the DG Health. It was "proposed as a substitute for white mineral oil. The food additive applications include those of glazing agent for confectionery and dried fruit, and processing aid uses as a lubricant and release agent, especially in bread baking using tins. It has been permitted for use in Finland, and a “Case of Need” has been accepted in the United Kingdom." The substance is a mix of inert saturated hydrocarbons, which are not easily metabolised.
# Amani Abou-Zeid

Amani Abou-Zeid ( Arabic أماني أبو زيد, DMG Amānī Abū Zaid) is an Egyptian development aid expert. She became the Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy, African Union, Addis Ababa - African Union Commission in 2017. She worked for international organizations such as the African Development Bank (AFDB), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

## Life

Abou-Zeid studied electrical engineering at the University of Cairo, earned a Baccalauréat en arts at the Sorbonne, completed master 's degrees in project management at the University of Senghor in Alexandria and in public administration at the Kennedy School of Harvard University. She gained a PhD in 1981 and she then received an honorary doctorate in Social and Economic Development from the University of Manchester in 2001.
She worked for 30 years at international organizations in the areas of infrastructure and energy, including the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). She has worked in many African countries as well as France, the UK and Canada. Until 2017, she held senior positions at the African Development Bank, most recently as director of the Africa Natural Resource Center. This institution supports African governments in the effective and inclusive use of natural resources. For example, Abou-Zeid mediated between the African Development Bank and Morocco in the realization of the world's largest solar energy complex (Noor) in 2018. Otherwise, she contributed significantly to the bank granting low-interest loans to low-income African countries. Amani Abou-Zeid was elected one of the eight commissioners of the African Union in 2017 and took over the areas of infrastructure and energy. In 2019 she was recognised as one of the top 100 African women by Avance Media. She was the only Egyptian and she and Aya Chebbi were the only ones from North Africa.
In 2021, she was confirmed as a commissioners of the African Union in Addis Ababa for another four years, where she also took on responsibility for tourism, information and communications technology. 25 candidates from 18 different African countries competed in these elections. With 50 votes, Abou-Zeid received more votes than any previous candidate. At the African Union, she oversees programs such as the Single African Air Transport Market and the Broadband Commission for Africa.
In 2023 Emmerson Mngangagwa President of Zimbabwe welcomed the SmartAfrica Summit to Zimbabwe. Five heads of state were present including Paul Kagame of Rwanda who chairs SmartAfrica's main board. Commissioners and leaders from the Broadband commission included Abou-Zeid, Kagame, Doreen Bogdan-Martin of ITU, Co-Vice Chair of the Broadband Commission, Lacina Koné, Director-General of Smart Africa, Paula Ingabire, Rwanda's Minister of Information Communication Technology and Innovation, Aurélie Adam-Soule Zoumarou, Benin's Minister of Digital Economy and Communication and Ursula Owusu-Ekuful, Minister of Communications and Digitalization of Ghana.
# Noah Mawete

Noah Emmanuel Mawete Kinsiona (born 17 October 2005) is a Belgian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Lierse, on loan from Standard Liège.

## International career

Born in Belgium, Mawete is of DR Congolese descent. He is a youth international for Belgium, having played up to the Belgium U17s.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 16 May 2022.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Standard Liège | 2021–22 | Jupiler Pro League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Je te serai fidèle

Je te serai fidèle is a 2003 French language album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine. It includes six new songs and nine entirely revamped hits.

## Track listing

* "Ne m’oublie pas"
* "Tant pis"
* "Darlin'"
* "La Berceuse du petit diable" (Little Devil's Lullaby)
* "On mentira"
* "Je l'ai vu"
* "Laisse-là rêver" (She Had A Dream)
* "My lady mio segreto" (Ma Lady, Mon Secret)
* "Délivre-moi" (Deliver Me)
* "Ouvre les yeux"
* "Pourtant"
* "Avant de partir"
* "On a tous une étoile"
* "Je te serai fidèle" ("I'll Always Be There")
* "Hélène"
# Ephraim S. Fisher

Ephraim S. Fisher (November 15, 1815 – October 12, 1876) was a justice of the Mississippi High Court of Errors and Appeals (predecessor to the Supreme Court of Mississippi) from 1852 to 1860. He also served in the Mississippi Senate in the 1840s and was a candidate for governor after the Civil War.
Fisher was born near Danville, Kentucky. He moved to Mississippi in 1833 and, a brief sojourn at Vicksburg, he obtained a license to practice law and located at Coffeeville. He married, acquired a plantation and slaves in Yalobusha County. A Whig, he opposed succession, but rallied to the Confederate cause during the Civil War.
He served in the legislature during one session, and declined reelection. He attained high rank at the bar, and was in 1851 promoted to the supreme bench, where he served with "industry and ability" until the onset of the Civil War, when he resigned his position to resume the practice of law.
He was nominated for governor of Mississippi in 1865, but was at the time of his nomination in Washington city on professional business, and did not return until a few days before the election. In 1869, he was appointed to the circuit bench by Governor Alcorn. In 1876, he removed to Texas and died suddenly a few months later.
One of his sons was active in the Ku Klux Klan.
# Sperm (disambiguation)

Sperm is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction.
Sperm may also refer to:

## Reproduction

* Spermatozoon (zoosperm), a sperm cell propelled by a single flagellum, found in most animals
* Semen ("sperma"), the bodily fluid containing spermatozoa

## Related uses

* Sperm bank
* Sperm competition
* Sperm donation
* Sperm granuloma
* Sperm guidance
* Sperm heteromorphism
* Sperm motility
* Sperm precedence
* Sperm sorting
* Sperm theft
* Sperm washing

## Other uses

* Catch the Sperm, computer game
* The Sperm, a 2007 Thai film
* Sperm, a 1994 album by Oomph!
* Sperm Bluff, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Sperm whale, a large toothed whale
* Sperm oil, substance obtained from sperm whales
* Sperm Wars, book by Robin Baker
* Spermine an Chemical
* "Sperm", a 1993 song by Baby Chaos
# Désiré André

Désiré André (André Antoine Désiré) (March 29, 1840, Lyon – September 12, 1917, Paris) was a French mathematician, best known for his work on Catalan numbers and alternating permutations.

## Biography

He is the son of Auguste Antoine Désiré André, shoemaker in Lyon, and his wife Antoinette Magdalene Jar.
He entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1860 and passed the Agrégation in Mathematics in 1863. He defended his doctoral thesis on 25 March 1877.
He was a student of Charles Hermite (1822–1901) and Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900).
Starting as a teacher at the Lycée de Troyes, he went on to Collège Sainte-Barbe, then to the University of Dijon and finally became professor of mathematics at Collège Stanislas de Paris from 1885 to 1900.
He was a laureate of the Ministère de l'Instruction Publique, member of the Circolo Matematico di Palermo and the Commission Internationale Permanente de Bibliographie Mathématique. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in July 1897.
Désiré André played a role in the French mathematical community of his time, including the Société Mathématique de France. He was the treasurer of the association from its inception in 1873 to 1876. He became chairman of the Société in 1889 or 1890.
He was the author of a 1909 book on notation in elementary mathematics, Des notations mathématiques, énumération, choix et usage.
He was president of the Société philomathique de Paris.
He lived at 28 rue Vauquelin, Paris.

## Key publications

* André, Désiré (1895), "Mémoire sur les permutations quasi-alternées" (PDF), Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées, 5e série, 1: 315–350, archived from the original (PDF) on November 25, 2021.
* André, Désiré (1881), "Sur les permutations alternées" (PDF), Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées, 3e série, 7: 167–184, archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2021.
* André, Désiré (1888), L'Arithmétique des écoles primaires (4th rev. corr. ed.), Belin.
* André, Désiré (1909), Des notations mathématiques, énumération, choix et usage, Gauthier-Villars.
* André, Désiré (1877), 1re thèse - Développements en séries des fonctions elliptiques et de leurs puissances. 2e thèse - Terme général d'une série déterminée à la façon des séries récurrentes. (PDF) (Ph.D. Thesis), Gauthier-Villars (bibliographic entry at UPMC's scientific digital library Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine).