OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# W. Joe Pack

W. Joe Pack (1875 – November 13, 1939) was an American lawyer and judge who served on the Supreme Court of Mississippi in 1928.
Born in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, Pack read law to gain admission to the bar. He worked in private practice in Laurel, Mississippi, and served as a county attorney.
In January 1928, Mississippi Supreme Court Justice John Burt Holden died, and that same month Governor Dennis Murphree appointed Pack to the seat. Pack ran for the seat in a special election later that year, and won the first round of primary election voting on August 21, 1928, but was defeated in the run-off election on September 11, 1928, by Chancellor Virgil A. Griffith. The following year, Pack was elected as a state circuit judge for Jones County, Perry County, and Forrest County.
Pack died from a sudden stroke during the first year of his third term on the circuit court.
# Charles-Philippe Beaubien

Charles-Philippe Beaubien (May 10, 1870 – January 17, 1949) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He sat for Montarville division in the Senate of Canada from 1915 to 1949.
He was born in Outremont, the son of Louis Beaubien and Suzanne Lauretta Stuart. Beaubien was educated at the Collège Sainte-Marie and the Université Laval in Montreal. He was admitted to the Quebec bar in 1894. In 1899, he married Margaret Rosemary Power. He was director for several companies including Atlantic Sugar Refineries, Dominion Steel Corporation et Canada Fire Insurance. Beaubien died in office at the age of 78.
After his death in 1949, he was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal. His son Louis-Philippe Beaubien also served in the Canadian senate.
# Mathews Phosa

Nakedi Mathews Phosa (born 1 September 1952) is a South African attorney and politician and was also an anti-apartheid activist. He is a former premier of Mpumalanga as well as a member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress (ANC). Phosa ran for President of the ANC in 2017 but lost to Cyril Ramaphosa.

## Early life and education

Phosa was born in Mbombela township, Nelspruit. However, he grew up with his grandfather in a rural area near Potgietersrus (Mokopane). He matriculated at Orhovelani High School in Thulamahashe, Bushbuckridge.

## Political career

He was one of the first four members of the ANC to enter South Africa from exile in 1990 in order to start the process of negotiation with the National Party government.
As a result of the first fully inclusive democratic elections in 1994, Phosa was appointed as the first premier of Mpumalanga, a position which he held until 1999. During his time in office, Phosa pioneered planning interaction between the private sector and government. He also spearheaded Nelson Mandela's reconciliation initiatives between the government and the Afrikaans speaking community. Phosa was elected as a member of the National Executive Committee of the ANC in 1999.
In 2001, Cyril Ramaphosa, Tokyo Sexwale and Phosa were investigated in connection with an alleged plot to oust Mbeki. They were cleared.
During the 2007 Conference of the ANC (the 52nd National Conference) held in Polokwane in the Limpopo Province, Phosa was elected to the post of Treasurer General for the Organisation.

## Business career

Since 1999 Phosa has served as a business consultant for various local and international businesses. In addition, Phosa currently holds chairman, vice-chairman or board member positions at more than ten prominent South African institutions and companies, including the University of South Africa, Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut, Special Olympics South Africa, Value Logistics, EOH (Pty) Ltd, SA Golden Leaf and Hans Merensky Holdings.

## Presidential ambitions

Phosa unsuccessfully ran for the post of ANC Deputy President in 2012. Cyril Ramaphosa received 3,018 votes and was elected deputy president of the ANC, convincingly defeating Mathews Phosa, who received 470 votes and Human Settlements Minister Tokyo Sexwale, who received 463. On April 29, 2017, Phosa announced that he had accepted a nomination for the ANC Presidency and would be a candidate at the 54th ANC conference in December.
On June 11, 2017, Phosa officially announced his intention to seek the Presidential nomination in December 2017.

## Works

* Deur die oog van 'n naald (1996, Tafelberg)
# Dr. Adam Mosgrove House

The Dr. Adam Mosgrove House is a historic house in Urbana, Ohio, United States. Located along Miami Street (U.S. Route 36) on the city's western side, it was built in 1833 as the home of physician Adam Mosgrove, one of Urbana's first doctors. A native of Enniskillen in Ireland, Mosgrove immigrated to the United States in 1816; he moved to Urbana after living in Elizabethtown and Lancaster, Ohio.$^{:120}$
A two-and-one-half-story structure, the brick house is a simple rectangle built upon a stone foundation.$^{:120}$ Its style is predominantly Federal, although the entrance is strongly Greek Revival,$^{:119}$ featuring pilasters topped with Doric capitals.$^{:120}$ As one of Urbana's oldest houses,$^{:119}$ and as the home of one of its leading early citizens, the Mosgrove House has been seen as historically significant;$^{:120}$ for this reason, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Tarski's axiomatization of the reals

In 1936, Alfred Tarski gave an axiomatization of the real numbers and their arithmetic, consisting of only the eight axioms shown below and a mere four primitive notions: the set of reals denoted R, a binary relation over R, denoted by infix <, a binary operation of addition over R, denoted by infix +, and the constant 1.
Tarski's axiomatization, which is a second-order theory, can be seen as a version of the more usual definition of real numbers as the unique Dedekind-complete ordered field; it is however made much more concise by avoiding multiplication altogether and using unorthodox variants of standard algebraic axioms and other subtle tricks. Tarski did not supply a proof that his axioms are sufficient or a definition for the multiplication of real numbers in his system.
Tarski also studied the first-order theory of the structure (R, +, ·, <), leading to a set of axioms for this theory and to the concept of real closed fields.

## The axioms
### Axioms of order (primitives: R, <)
#### Axiom 1

    If x < y, then not y < x.
       [That is, "<" is an asymmetric relation. This implies that "<" is irreflexive, i.e., for all x, not x < x.]

#### Axiom 2

    If x < z, there exists a y such that x < y and y < z.

#### Axiom 3

    For all subsets X, Y ⊆ R, if for all x ∈ X and y ∈ Y, x < y, then there exists a z such that for all x ∈ X and y ∈ Y, if x ≠ z and y ≠ z, then x < z and z < y.
       [In other words, "<" is Dedekind-complete, or informally: "If a set of reals X precedes another set of reals Y, then there exists at least one real number z separating the two sets."
       This is a second-order axiom as it refers to sets and not just elements.]

### Axioms of addition (primitives: R, <, +)
#### Axiom 4

    x + (y + z) = (x + z) + y.
       [Note that this is an unorthodox mixture of associativity and commutativity.]

#### Axiom 5

    For all x, y, there exists a z such that x + z = y.
       [This allows subtraction and also gives a 0.]

#### Axiom 6

    If x + y < z + w, then x < z or y < w.
       [This is the contrapositive of a standard axiom for ordered groups.]

### Axioms for 1 (primitives: R, <, +, 1)
#### Axiom 7

    1 ∈ R.

#### Axiom 8

    1 < 1 + 1.

## Discussion

Tarski stated, without proof, that these axioms turn the relation < into a total ordering. The missing component was supplied in 2008 by Stefanie Ucsnay.
The axioms then imply that R is a linearly ordered abelian group under addition with distinguished positive element 1, and that this group is Dedekind-complete, divisible, and Archimedean.
Tarski never proved that these axioms and primitives imply the existence of a binary operation called multiplication that has the expected properties, so that R becomes a complete ordered field under addition and multiplication. It is possible to define this multiplication operation by considering certain order-preserving homomorphisms of the ordered group (R,+,<).
# Sola Civil Hospital

Sola Civil Hospital is a public healthcare facility situated in the Sola area of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

## Overview

The hospital offers a wide range of healthcare services, encompassing general medical care as well as specialized treatments in departments such as cardiology, neurology, orthopedics, pediatrics, and gynecology. Sola Civil Hospital aims to deliver affordable healthcare, with a focus on serving disadvantaged sections of society.

## Services and facilities

The hospital is equipped with modern medical technology and provides emergency services, outpatient and inpatient care, as well as surgical procedures. It has also conducted clinical trials for Covaxin, the COVID-19 vaccine developed in India.

## Community outreach

The hospital actively participates in public health initiatives and campaigns for disease prevention. Additionally, it organizes health camps, offering free or subsidized healthcare services to underprivileged communities.
# Clayton D. Potter

Clayton D. Potter (January 12, 1880 – September 1, 1924) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi from 1916 to 1917, and attorney general of Mississippi from 1922 to 1924.

## Biography

Born in Hinds County, Mississippi, near Jackson, Potter was a son of Daniel Mayes Potter and Octavia Smith Potter. He first attended the Liberty Grove school, near Jackson, and later attended the Jackson public schools. He graduated from the literary department of Millsans College in 1902. He read law to gain admission to the bar in 1904, thereafter practicing in Jackson. From 1905 to 1912, he sat in the Mississippi State Senate.
Potter managed the 1915 election campaign of Governor Theodore G. Bilbo and "was appointed by Governor Bilbo in January 1916 to one of the three new judgeships". When Potter ran for election to the seat, his opponent, George H. Ethridge, made several allegations against him, including that he "had promised when accepting the governor's January appointment that he would not be a candidate for a full term", and that Potter only wanted the brief appointment to the court to bolster his reputation in his legal practice. Ethridge led the vote in the August 15 Democratic primary and won the September 5 run-off by a more substantial margin.
In 1922, Governor Lee M. Russell appointed Potter attorney general of Mississippi, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Robertson. Potter completed the term and then returned to private practice.
Potter never married. He died in a car accident outside Raymond, Mississippi, at the age of 44.
# East Central College

East Central College (ECC) is a public community college with its main campus in Union, Missouri. It also offers classes in Rolla and Washington. Approximately 2,100 students are enrolled in classes each semester. ECC is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

## History

East Central College was founded in 1968 to serve the educational needs of the people in east central Missouri. In that same year 114 acres (46.1 ha) were purchased for what is now the main campus.
Classes began in rented facilities at the Union Memorial Auditorium in September 1969 with enrollment of 476 students the first semester. The Administration Building was the first facility built on campus, and it was completed in 1971. The Multipurpose Building came next in 1973, followed by the Vocational-Technical Building in 1978 and the Classroom Building in 1985. The Auditorium/Classroom facility was completed in 1998. The Health & Science Building with almost 52,000 square feet (4,831 m$^2$) of space, was completed in January 2009. The Administration Building was completely renovated in 2011. The facility was renamed Buescher Hall and was dedicated October 30, 2011, to honor George H. Buescher, who was instrumental in the establishment of the college and served as the first president of the board of trustees. That 61,166-square-foot (5,683 m$^2$) building houses the Library, Learning Center, Student Service Center, classrooms and offices.

## Academics

East Central College offers four transfer oriented degrees: The Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS) designed for individuals interested in pre-engineering, Associate of Fine Arts (AFA) and the Associate of Arts in Teaching (AAT). Those four programs are designed for individuals who plan to complete the freshman and sophomore years of college at East Central and then transfer to a four-year college or university to pursue a bachelor's degree.
The Associate of Applied Science (AAS) and career/technical certificate programs are designed for individuals who plan to enter the workforce after completing the appropriate classes at ECC.

## Athletics

ECC competes as member of the NJCAA in the Missouri Community College Athletic Conference. Since 2008, ECC's sports teams have been known as the East Central Falcons. "Rebels" was the original mascot of the college, but the name was dropped due to its ties to the Civil War and the Confederacy. The mascot is named "Franklin" the Falcon.

## Notable alumni

* Steve Tappmeyer – basketball coach at UMSL
* Jack Wagner – actor
* Tom Henke – professional baseball pitcher - retired
* Omir Santos – former professional baseball catcher
* John Griesheimer – politician
# X Cygni

X Cygni is a variable star in the northern constellation of Cygnus, abbreviated X Cyg. This is a Delta Cephei variable that ranges in brightness from an apparent visual magnitude of 5.85 down to 6.91 with a period of 16.386332 days. At it brightest, this star is dimly visible to the naked eye. The distance to this star is approximately 3,690 light years based on parallax measurements. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 8.1 km/s. This star is a likely member of the open cluster Ruprecht 173.
The variable luminosity of this star was discovered by S. C. Chandler, Jr. in 1886. In 1907, E. B. Frost showed that X Cyg is an F-type star with a varying radial velocity, behaving analogous to a Delta Cephei variable. M. Luizet in 1912 found a cyclical pulsation period of 16.38543 days for the variation. In 1919, F. C. Jordan determined that the color index of the star changed over the course of each cycle, becoming redder as the star grew fainter. It came to be identified as a member of the benchmark class of stars termed Classical Cepheid variables that satisfy a simple period-luminosity relation.
In 1954, R. P. Kraft found a stellar classification of F7 Ib at peak brightness, matching the spectrum of an F-type supergiant star. The class of the star varies over the course of a pulsation cycle, ranging down to G8 Ib at minimum brightness. R. P. Kraft in 1956 identified a doubling of certain spectral lines, which he explained as the result of a falling shell of matter from a prior pulsation cycle that is colliding with the photosphere. Unlike most cepheid variables that undergo a single shock per cycle, X Cyg has been found to undergo a double shock.
No orbiting companion has been identified with a period of ten years or less. The star shows cirrus with tentative evidence for extended emission of infrared.
# Square principle

In mathematical set theory, a square principle is a combinatorial principle asserting the existence of a cohering sequence of short closed unbounded (club) sets so that no one (long) club set coheres with them all. As such they may be viewed as a kind of incompactness phenomenon. They were introduced by Ronald Jensen in his analysis of the fine structure of the constructible universe L.

## Definition

Define Sing to be the class of all limit ordinals which are not regular. Global square states that there is a system $(C_{\beta })_{\beta \in \mathrm {Sing} }$ satisfying:
* $C_{\beta }$ is a club set of $\beta$.
* ot$(C_{\beta })<\beta$
* If $\gamma$ is a limit point of $C_{\beta }$ then $\gamma \in \mathrm {Sing}$ and $C_{\gamma }=C_{\beta }\cap \gamma$

## Variant relative to a cardinal

Jensen introduced also a local version of the principle. If $\kappa$ is an uncountable cardinal, then $\Box _{\kappa }$ asserts that there is a sequence $(C_{\beta }\mid \beta {\text{ a limit point of }}\kappa ^{+})$ satisfying:
* $C_{\beta }$ is a club set of $\beta$.
* If $cf\beta <\kappa$, then $|C_{\beta }|<\kappa$
* If $\gamma$ is a limit point of $C_{\beta }$ then $C_{\gamma }=C_{\beta }\cap \gamma$
Jensen proved that this principle holds in the constructible universe for any uncountable cardinal $\kappa$.
# AC4 (band)

AC4 was a Swedish hardcore punk band from Umeå, Sweden. Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time. In the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse. Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward (1987-1991) and since 1990 with Backman in punk band The Vectors. The "AC" in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located.
The first show was at a squat on Parkgatan in Umeå on May 5, 2008.
In May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube. It got on Kerrang's playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week.
They performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008.
In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the self-titled debut album on Lyxzén's label Ny Våg.
In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden, as well as Norway, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Austria, France, Italy, England and Wales. They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7-inch EP in Europe, a special 7-inch for Australia only and the debut album came out in America.
AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18. To promote their Australian tour in April, 2011, Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press, including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox.
While on tour in Australia a short documentary film about the band entitled "A few minutes with AC4" was filmed, along with a promotional video for the song "Won't Bow Down" from their debut album.
In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson (DS-13) and that the recording of a second album had begun. The album Burn The World was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc.
The band is also performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour. A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4, but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén.
AC4 disbanded 2013.

## Members
### Current members

* Dennis Lyxzén – lead vocals (2008–2013)
* Karl Backman – guitar, backing vocals (2008–2013)
* Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson – bass, backing vocals (2012–2013)
* Fredrik Lyxzén – drums (2013)
* Dennis Lyxzén
* Fredrik Lyxzén
* Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson
* Karl Backman

### Former members

* David Sandström – bass, backing vocals (2008-2012)
* Jens Nordén – drums (2008-2013)

## Discography
### Albums

* AC4
** CD/LP Ny Våg (Ny Våg No. 123), Sweden 2009
** LP Deranged Records (DY#161), Canada 2010
** CD Shock Entertainment (CTX611CD), Australia 2011
* Burn the World
** CD/LP Ny Våg records (Ny Våg No. 133), Sweden 2013
** LP Deathwish Inc. (DW145), USA 2013

### EPs

* split 7-inch w/ Surprise Sex Attack
** 7" Aniseed records (Aniseed 001) 2010
* Umeå Hardcore
** 7" P-Trash records (p.trash62) 2010

### Compilations

* Umeå Vråljazz Giganter
** CD/LP Ny Våg records (Ny Våg No. 120) 2010

### Music videos

* "Curva del Diablo" (2013)
* "Burn the World" (2013)
# Charles-Eusèbe Casgrain

Charles-Eusèbe Casgrain (December 28, 1800 – February 29, 1848) was a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada.
He was born at Rivière-Ouelle in Lower Canada in 1800, the son of merchant Pierre Casgrain, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Montréal, Petit Séminaire de Québec and the Séminaire de Nicolet. He articled in law with Louis Moquin at Quebec City and was called to the bar in 1824. In the same year, he married Eliza Anne, the daughter of James Baby who was a judge and political figure in Upper Canada. Casgrain first set up practice at Quebec and then moved back to Rivière-Ouelle in 1827. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Kamouraska in 1830; he did not support the Ninety-Two Resolutions. Casgrain served on the Special Council which administered the province after the Lower Canada Rebellion. In 1846, he was named deputy commissioner of public works at Montreal.
He died at Montreal in 1848 and was buried at Rivière-Ouelle.
His son Charles-Eugène later became a member of the Canadian Senate and his son Philippe-Baby was a member of the House of Commons. His son Henri-Raymond became a priest and historian. His daughter Suzanne married Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier who went on to serve in the Senate of Canada and to become Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec. His grandson Thomas Chase-Casgrain served in the Canadian House of Commons.
# Persenbeug-Gottsdorf

Persenbeug-Gottsdorf is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria on the left bank of the river Danube.

## Geography

The municipality has the following subdivisions:
* Gottsdorf
* Hagsdorf
* Metzling
* Persenbeug

## Places of interest

The Castle of Persenbeug, one of few private properties of the Habsburgian descendants.
The Persenbeug-Ybbs power station, being the first Austrian Danube spillway dam, built in 1954–1959. Found on river km 2060 and serving also as a road bridge, it has now 7 turbines and there are guided tours (every afternoon, in German only). The adjacent lock with two chambers is part of the international Danube waterway.
The Danube cycle path, the tourist Eisenwurzenweg and Jakobsweg are also crossing the Danube via the dam.

## Notable people

* Charles I of Austria (1887 – 1922), Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary, born in Persenbeug Castle
# Zang Jialiang

Zang Jialiang (Chinese: 臧嘉亮; pinyin: Zāng Jiāliàng; born January 12, 1988, in Harbin, Heilongjiang) is a Chinese curler who trains in Harbin.
He made his world championship debut at the 2008 Grand Forks World Championships. Team China achieved their best result to date. In the round robin portion they achieved upset wins over Team Canada and Team Norway. They would finish in third after the round robin and for the first time a men's team from the Pacific region would qualify for the Playoffs. In the 3 vs. 4 Playoff match, they lost to Team Norway, and again in the Bronze Medal Match.
Team China was less successful at the 2009 Moncton World Championships, where it placed ninth overall.
Zang Jialiang represented Team China at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

## Teammates

2010 Vancouver Olympic Games
* Wang Fengchun, Skip
* Liu Rui, Third
* Xu Xiaoming, Second
* Li Hongchen, Alternate