OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louise Gray Young

Louise Gray Young (October 4, 1935 - March 2, 2018) was an American astronomer and researcher who specialised in molecular spectroscopy. She is best known for her spectroscopic analysis of the planetary atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars.

## Early life and education

Louise Dillon was born October 4, 1935, in Los Angeles, California, to Ruth Davis and Frank Dillon. She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, graduating with Bachelor (1958) and Master (1959) degrees in engineering. She was awarded her Ph.D. in engineering science at California Institute of Technology. Her thesis was in the emission and transfer of radiation in gases under the direction of Stanford S. Penner.

## Research and career

In 1965, Young started working at the engineering faculty at University of California, Los Angeles. In 1967, she became a research associate in astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin. Young then went on to work at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab until 1974. After which, Young became a research scientist at Texas A&M University.
In 1976, Young became a fellow of the Optical Society of America. She was also a member of the American Astronomical Society, International Astronomical Union, and American Meteorological Society. Between 1969 and 1977, Young was an Associate Editor of the Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer.

## Selected publications

* Gray, L.D.; Young, A.T. (May 1969). "Relative intensity calculations for carbon dioxide—IV". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 9 (5): 569–589. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(69)90008-9.
* R Schorn; L Gray Young; E Barker. (May 1970). "High-dispersion spectroscopic observations of Venus". Icarus. 12(3). 391–401. doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(70)90007-2
* L Gray Young. (August 1971). "Calculation of the partition function for 14N216O". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 11(8). 1265–1270. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(71)90099-9
* L Gray Young. (November 1970). "Effective Pressure for Line Formation in the Atmosphere of Venus". Icarus. 13(3). 449–458. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(70)90092-8
* L Gray Young. (July 1971). "Interpretation of high resolution spectra of Mars—II calculations of CO2 abundance, rotational temperature and surface pressure". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 11(7). doi:10.1016/0022-4073(71)90127-0

## Personal life

Louise Gray Young was married to Andrew T. Young. She had two children, Gregory and Elizabeth. She died aged 82 in San Diego, California on March 2, 2018.
# Bahrabad, Sistan and Baluchestan

Bahrabad (Persian: بهراباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Nazil Rural District of Nazil District, Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Nazil.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 314 in 90 households, when it was in the former Nukabad District of Khash County. The following census in 2011 counted 129 people in 37 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 353 people in 90 households.
In 2018, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Taftan County, and Nazil Rural District was transferred to the new Nazil District.
# Great Turkey Party

Great Turkey Party (Turkish: Büyük Türkiye Partisi, BTP) was a short lived Turkish political party in 1983.

## Background

After the coup of 1980, all political parties were closed by the military rule (so called National Security Council or Turkish: MGK) regardless of their political views, on 16 October 1981. For approximately one and a half years, there were no political parties. Finally, MGK decided to allow the formation of new parties with severe restrictions. According to instructions, the new parties were not allowed to use the names of the former parties and former politicians were not allowed to be the charter member of the new parties.

## Formation of party

Great Turkey Party was planned by the followers of the ex Justice Party (AP) of Turkey, which was the governing party before the coup. Although Justice Party leader Süleyman Demirel was politically banned, the proposed party immediately came to be known as Demirel's party. Because some of his close friends (like Hüsamettin Cindoruk) were among the founders. Moreover, the Great Turkey phrase in the name of the party was Demirel's political slogan in his former election rallies.
The leader of the party was Fethi Esener, a retired major general. He founded the party on 21 May. Immediately two waves of ex-Justice Party MPs entered the party; first a group of 134 and then another group of 33.

## End of the party

BTP created sensation and it was obvious that, BTP was going to be one of the two major parties after the election. But, on 1 June, MGK closed the party. Some of the prominent party members as well as Süleyman Demirel himself were temporarily taken into custody in a camp named Zincirbozan. (Some of ex Republican People's Party (CHP) members such as Deniz Baykal were also taken into custody.)

## Aftermath

The next party formed by Justice Part followers was True Path Party (DYP). Although DYP was not allowed to enter the 1983 elections, it eventually became the governing party in 1991 and Süleyman Demirel became the prime minister (and later the president) of Turkey.
# Abdou El Id

Abdou M'Bark El Id (born 16 June 1999), is a Mauritanian international footballer who plays for FK Kukësi.

## Club career

In 2019, El Id signed for Spanish side CD Numancia, immediately being assigned to the club's 'B' team. Following a move back to his native Mauritania with Nouadhibou, he returned to Europe to join Albanian side FK Kukësi in 2022.
In September 2024, El Id signed for Libyan Premier League club Alittihad Misurata.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of matches played 25 October 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| CD Numancia B | 2019–20 | Tercera División | 2 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| FK Kukësi | 2022–23 | Kategoria Superiore | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
Notes
* ↑ Appearances in the Albanian Cup

### International

    As of matches played 16 June 2019.
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Mauritania |
| Mauritania | 2018 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 0 |
# Bakary N'Diaye

Bakary Moussa N'Diaye (born 26 November 1998) is a Mauritanian professional footballer who plays as a central defender or a right-back for Iraq Stars League club Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and the Mauritania national team.

## Club career

Born in Nouakchott, N'Diaye joined Botola Pro side Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi in 2017, from hometown side FC Tevragh-Zeina. He left the club in September 2020 when his contract expired, choosing to sign for a European club instead.
On 17 January 2021, N'Diaye signed a contract with Spanish Segunda División side CD Lugo for the remainder of the season. After only appearing with the farm team in Tercera División, he moved to Greek club Rodos FC on 8 August 2021.

## International career

N'Diaye made his full international debut for Mauritania on 28 May 2016, coming on as a late substitute for Mamadou Niass in a 2–0 friendly win against Gabon. On 21 May 2019, he was named in Mauritania's 23-man squad for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt.
N'Diaye scored his first international goal on 11 November 2020, netting the opener in a 1–1 home draw against Burundi, for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Mauritania's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 11 November 2020 | Stade Cheikha Ould Boïdiya, Nouakchott | Burundi | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |

## Honours

Tevragh-Zeina
* Ligue 1 Mauritania: 2014–15, 2015–16
# Maktar Shapee

Maktar bin Shapee is a former Deputy Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly and a former Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly for Sungai Bakap from 2008 to 2018. He is a member of People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions.
His name was dropped at the 2018 general election.

## Early life

Maktar Shapee was born on 3 July 1949 in Sungai Bakap, Penang.

## Education and early career

After completing his studies at Pondok Pokok Sena Kepala Batas School, he continued his studies at Darul Uloom Deoband, India and then to Al-Azhar University, Egypt in the field of Islamic Studies. Returned to his homeland in 1972 and served his countrymen in the teaching field at SM Tuanku Muhammad, Kuala Pilah Negeri Sembilan. In 1978 he moved to SM Perempuan St.George, Penang. After a year of service, he moved to SM Tun Syed Sheh Barakbah, Sungai Bakap. In 1994 he was promoted and served in the Penang Department of Education as a Supervisor of Islamic Education. In early 1998 he was promoted to Assistant District Education Officer, Seberang Perai Selatan.

## Political career

He is a member of ABIM (Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement) since 1978; was once appointed as ABIM Chairman of Seberang Perai Selatan District & Deputy YDP of Penang ABIM. Later, he was elected as a member of the Malaysian Scholars' Association, Penang (PUMPP) and entrusted with the position of PUMPP Secretary.
Maktar Shapee made his first electoral debut at Sungai Bakap seat, however he lost to Gerakan candidate Lai Chew Hock in 1999 general election. In 2004 general election, he once again lost to UMNO candidate Abdul Rashid Abdullah in the same seat. In 2008 general election, he was finally elected as MLA of Sungai Bakap, defeating Abdul Rashid Abdullah, who was the Deputy Chief Minister of Penang. In 2012, he was appointed as the Deputy Chairman of the Penang Islamic Religious Council. He retained his seat in 2013 and was appointed as the Deputy Speaker of the Penang State Legislative Assembly.

## Election results

Penang State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1999 | N16 Sungai Bakap | Maktar Shapee (keADILan) | 5,564 | 40.09% | Lai Chew Hock (Gerakan) | 8,315 | 59.91% | 14,222 | 2,751 | 78.64% |
| 2004 | N20 Sungai Bakap | Maktar Shapee (PKR) | 3,697 | 39.37% | Abdul Rashid Abdullah (UMNO) | 5,693 | 60.63% | 9,602 | 1,996 | 78.31% |
| 2008 | N20 Sungai Bakap | Maktar Shapee (PKR) | 6,976 | 58.70% | Abdul Rashid Abdullah (UMNO) | 4,909 | 41.30% | 12,087 | 2,067 | 80.44% |
| 2013 | N20 Sungai Bakap | Maktar Shapee (PKR) | 9,258 | 55.40% | Mohd Foad Mat Isa (UMNO) | 7,453 | 44.60% | 16,967 | 1,805 | 89.06% |

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (1997)
* Penang :
** Officer of the Order of the Defender of State (DSPN) – Dato' (2014)
# Rachel Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

Rachel Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Russell; 1674–1725) was a British noblewoman and the wife of William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire.

## Biography

Rachel Russell was born in 1674, the daughter of William Russell, Lord Russell and his wife Rachel (née Wriothesley). In 1683, Russell's father was executed for treason for his alleged role in the Rye House Plot.
In 1688, Russell married William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, heir apparent to the Dukedom of Devonshire. Under her courtesy title Marchioness of Hartington, Cavendish was made a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Anne in 1702. She died in 1725.
The Duke and Duchess of Devonshire had ten children:
* Lady Mary Cavendish (18 August 1696 – 15 June 1719)
* William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (26 September 1698 – 5 December 1755)
* Lady Rachel Cavendish (4 October 1699 – 18 June 1780) married Sir William Morgan on 14 May 1723
* Lady Elizabeth Cavendish (27 September 1700 – 7 November 1747) married Sir Thomas Lowther, 2nd Baronet
* Lord James Cavendish (23 November 1701 – 14 December 1741)
* Lord Charles Cavendish (17 March 1704 – 28 April 1783) married Anne Grey on 9 January 1727, father of Henry Cavendish
* Lady Anne Cavendish (died 23 August 1780 aged 70)
* Lady Katherine Cavendish (died 12 September 1715 aged 9)
* Lord John Cavendish (died 11 May 1720 aged 12)
* Lady Diana Cavendish (died 12 February 1722)
# Siege of Chittorgarh (1535)

The siege of Chittorgarh took place in 1535, when Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat attacked Chittor Fort, after the death of Rana Sanga, with the aim of expanding his kingdom. The forts defense was led by the Widows of Sanga.

## Background

Rana Vikramaditya was an unpopular ruler, mainly due to his short temper and arrogance. He had insulted several nobles and courtiers which caused many nobles to leave his court. The Sultan of Gujarat took advantage of this situation and made plans to attack Mewar in December 1532. However, Rani Karnavati had the siege lifted by paying a ransom, and the Gujarat army withdrew on 28 March 1533. The ransom kept the sultan satisfied for a few months but he once again attacked Mewar in 1534. Upon knowing of the invasion, Rani Karnavati requested the people of Mewar to come to the defense of Chittor. Hundreds of Commoners as well as nobles came to her call of arms, however the Gujarati army still greatly outnumbered the Mewari's.

## Siege

The Mewari army was able to fend off attacks until March 1535, after which the Gujarati artillery under Rumi Khan succeeded in breaking through the fort defenses, Rao Doorga, Arjun Hada and the Chundawat brothers were killed after trying to repel the Gujarati assaults. One of Rana Sanga's widows, Rani Jawahir Bai Rathor, then donned her armour and led the sortie with Mewari soldiers against the Sultan's army. She wreaked havoc on the Gujarati ranks and was killed after inflicting casualties to the enemy. The women of Chittor including Rani Karnavati committed Jauhar and the soldiers prepared for Saka, which was led by Bagh Singh of Deola. Rana Vikramaditya Singh, Udai Singh and Udai Singh's faithful nurse Panna Dai escaped to Bundi. Bahadur Shah was not able to hold Chittor for long and the Sisodia's captured it within a short time of his departure.
The fable about Rani Karnavati sending a rakhi to Humayun was invented later by James Tod and modern historians do not consider it a historical fact.
# Elaine Christy

Elaine Christy is an American harpist. She has performed at high-profile concert halls including Steinway Hall, Carnegie's Weill Hall, and with the CBS Orchestra on the television show Late Show with David Letterman. In 2012, she is an instructor of harp at Princeton University.

## Career
### Beginnings

Christy attended William Penn University in Oskaloosa, Iowa. During these years, she studied with notable harpists including Margaret Ling, Jane Weidensaul, and Kathleen Bride. She worked as an elementary school teacher while continuing her education and training in Kansas. In 1981, she was a finalist in the professional division of the American Harp Society National Competition, and won a Lorraine Close Award during the contest. In 1984, she was placed first in the American Harp Society National Competition, and won three top awards at this competition in 1984. In addition, she won the Ruth Lorraine Close award a second time.
She earned a Ph.D. from the Manhattan School of Music. Christy was an instructor of harp at the University of Kansas and Kansas State University. Since 2001, she has taught harp at Princeton University. Her publications about harp and playing methodology have been cited by other scholars.

### Performances and teaching

Christy has performed as a soloist in numerous venues. She performed at the World Harp Congress in Seattle-Tacoma in 1999 and in Geneva, Switzerland in 2002. She traveled to Israel to premier a work sponsored by Zamir Bavel. She has given numerous concerts and recitals in the New York metropolitan area, including at the Unitarian Church in Summit in New Jersey. In addition, she has performed with numerous musical artists, including violists Marjorie Selden and Jessica Thompson, and with numerous flautists including Lucian Rinando, Jill Crawford and Judith Pearce. She was a founding member of the Venus Trio which was a winner of the Artists International Competition. She has performed with the North Jersey Harp Ensemble including Kimberly DeRosa, Robbin Gordon-Cartier, Elizabeth Khoury, Diane Michaels and Kelly Rafferty. She recorded at least two music CDs. Reviewer Carol Swanson described her music as "mesmerizing". She plays with an ensemble of Princeton faculty called the Richardson Chamber Players.
Christy has served on the board of the American Harp Society. In addition, as a professor of harp, she has been published in the American Harp Journal and the World Harp Congress Review. She has taught numerous students, including harpist Allison Cheung.

### Recordings

* Celestial Sounds of Christmas, Twinz Records
* Enchanted Love, with Patricia Davila (flute)
# Fer Rivero

Fer Rivero is a Singer, Songwriter and Music Producer certified in Marketing by The University of Oxford and Saiid Business School, known in the past for his career as a professional dancer, gymnast, teacher and choreographer, born and raised in Granada, Spain. He began his training singing at the school choir at 10 years old, to later begin his acrobatic gymnastics career with 12 y.o. at Club Acrobatos Granada. As a gymnast he achieved the Spanish National Champion 4 years consecutively, 2nd classified internationally and in 2008, with 16 years old, he became 5th of the World at Glasgow's Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships organised by the FIG.
As a dancer, Fer appeared in several dance TV programs in Spain and the UK ending 4th classified in “Fama, ¡A Bailar!” Season 5 and inside the top 50 in So You Think You Can Dance Series 2. He was guided into dancing by Alicia Saray Frias, choreographer of the Australian National Ballet and the Italian Theater Director Ennio Trinelli, whose company hired him to choreograph two of their biggest festivals; The Walk and Mozart: The Theater Tale).

## Recognition

Fer Rivero is rated by ANR saying that he is going to be the next R&B Pop icon of the world after Fer has released his single "Tinder Love" said to be the ability of the creation of captivatingly fluid soundscapes.

## Songs

| Title | Year | Album |
| Reflection | 2015 | NA |
| My World Is Yours | 2016 | NA |
| You and I (feat. Apolø) | 2016 | NA |
| In Love with You | 2016 | NA |
| Love in the Dark | 2016 | NA |
| Take the Pain | 2016 | NA |
| How Clever is Your Brain | 2017 | NA |
| Safe During Night (feat. Apolø) | 2017 | NA |
| We Are Music (feat. Apolø) | 2018 | NA |
| Tinder Love | 2018 | NA |
| Waste My Time | 2018 | NA |
| Ain't Nobody Go Home | 2018 | NA |
| The One for You (feat. Apolø) | 2019 | NA |
| lmma | 2019 | NA |
# Platylobium montanum

Platylobium montanum is a shrub species that is endemic to Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae and of the genus Platylobium. The species was first formally described in 2011.
Two subspecies are currently recognised:
* Platylobium montanum I.Thomps. subsp. montanum (Type: Wabonga Plateau)
* Platylobium montanum subsp. prostratum I.Thomps. (Type: Kinglake National Park)
# Dublovice

Dublovice is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Dublovice consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Dublovice (647)
* Břekova Lhota (39)
* Chramosty (99)
* Líchovy (111)
* Zvírotice (166)

## Geography

Dublovice is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Příbram and 38 km (24 mi) south of Prague. It lies in the Benešov Uplands. The highest point is the hill Lipina at 471 m (1,545 ft) above sea level. The area is rich in fishponds. In the northwest, the municipal border is formed by the Slapy Reservoir, built on the Vltava River.

## History

The first written mention of Dublovice is from 1228, when the village was donated to the St. George's Convent in Prague. From 1326 to the second half of the 15th century, most of the area was owned by the Rosenberg family. The Rosenbergs were then forced to sell it to the Lobkowicz family because of debts. From 1580 to 1604, Dublovice was property of Jakub Krčín, then the village returned to the Lobkowicz family.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,474 | — |
| 1880 | 1,538 | +4.3% |
| 1890 | 1,687 | +9.7% |
| 1900 | 1,680 | −0.4% |
| 1910 | 1,601 | −4.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,502 | −6.2% |
| 1930 | 1,472 | −2.0% |
| 1950 | 1,179 | −19.9% |
| 1961 | 1,128 | −4.3% |
| 1970 | 1,052 | −6.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,045 | −0.7% |
| 1991 | 1,011 | −3.3% |
| 2001 | 994 | −1.7% |
| 2011 | 1,049 | +5.5% |
| 2021 | 1,062 | +1.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/18 road (the section from Příbram to Sedlčany) passes through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of Dublovice is the Church of the Holy Trinity. It was built in several medieval phases. The current form of the church is the result of the modifications from the 19th century.

## Notable people

* Věnceslava Hrubá-Freiberger (born 1945), Czech-German soprano
# Spanish-language literature

Spanish-language literature or Hispanic literature is the sum of the literary works written in the Spanish language across the Hispanic world. The principal elements are the Spanish literature of Spain, and Latin American literature. There is also American literature in Spanish and Philippine literature in Spanish, as well as literature from some other parts of the world including Spanish-speaking Africa.

## Nobelists

Eleven Spanish-language writers have won the Nobel Prize in Literature:
* 1904: José Echegaray, Spain
* 1922: Jacinto Benavente, Spain
* 1945: Gabriela Mistral, Chile
* 1956: Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spain
* 1967: Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemala
* 1971: Pablo Neruda, Chile
* 1977: Vicente Aleixandre, Spain
* 1982: Gabriel García Márquez, Colombia
* 1989: Camilo José Cela, Spain
* 1990: Octavio Paz, Mexico
* 2010: Mario Vargas Llosa, Peru

## Literature by nationality

* American literature in Spanish
* Argentine literature
* Bolivian literature
* Chilean literature
* Colombian literature
* Costa Rican literature
* Cuban literature
* Dominican literature
* Ecuadorian literature
* Equatoguinean literature in Spanish
* Guatemalan literature
* Honduran literature
* Mexican literature
* Nicaraguan literature
* Panamanian literature
* Paraguayan literature
* Peruvian literature
* Philippine literature
* Puerto Rican literature
* Salvadoran literature
* Spanish literature
* Uruguayan literature
* Venezuelan literature