OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ELEX 2

ELEX 2 is a 2022 action role-playing video game developed by Piranha Bytes and published by THQ Nordic. It is the sequel to ELEX, and players control the same protagonist, Jax. They must unite the world against a new threat: invading aliens. It was Piranha Byte's last game prior to their closure.

## Gameplay

Players control Jax, a survivor in a post-apocalyptic, science fantasy setting. Elex 2 is an action role-playing game played from a third-person perspective. There are six factions that players can align with, each representing a different philosophy. The substance elex, which comes from outer space, gives people powers equivalent to magic, and various factions prefer either magic or technology. Combat uses a system in which actions, such as attacking or defending, drain Jax's stamina. Without enough stamina, Jax can not attack or defend. Jax is equipped with a jetpack, which players can use to explore the open world. Gaining levels allows Jax to increase his attributes, which allow him to use better equipment. The antagonists are techno-organic aliens, which Jax must unite the various factions against.

## Development

Piranha Bytes used their proprietary Genome Engine. THQ Nordic released ELEX 2 for PlayStation 4 and 5, Xbox One and Series X/S, and Windows on March 1, 2022.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | (PC) 64/100 (PS5) 70/100 (XSXS) 66/100 |
Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| IGN | 4/10 |
ELEX 2 received mixed reviews on Metacritic. Rock Paper Shotgun said it is "clunky and janky, but compelling". Comparing it to the Gothic and Risen series, they said that Piranha Bytes was still making games with the same issues. They found this forgivable but disliked how unappealing and mean-spirited they found all the characters, including the protagonist. IGN said Elex 2 seems stuck in the mid-2000s and ignores all innovations made since Gothic 3. They also criticized some of the dialogue as sounding like "a schlocky B-movie" and said the combat is "clunky, imprecise, and annoying". RPGSite called it "a poorly implemented retread" and said they could not recommend ELEX 2 to anyone but "the most ardent die-hard fans of ELEX". RPGFan wrote, "Elex II can be entertaining in all the wrong ways, but as a sequel, it's just more of the same."
ELEX 2 was among the top three best-selling games that were released in 2022 at GOG.com.
# Glauber multiple scattering theory

The Glauber multiple scattering theory is a framework developed by Roy J. Glauber to describe the scattering of particles off composite targets, such as nuclei, in terms of multiple interactions between the probing particle and the individual constituents of the target. It is widely used in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and hadronic physics, where quantum coherence effects and multiple scatterings are significant.

## Description

The basic idea of the Glauber formalism is that the incident projectile is assumed to interact with each component of the complex target in turn as it moves in a straight line through the target. This assumes the eikonal approximation, viz that the projectile's trajectory is nearly straight-line, with only small-angle deflections due to interactions with the target component. The theory accounts for the fact that a projectile may interact with more than one constituent (e.g., the nucleons of a target nucleus) as it passes through the target nucleus. These interactions are treated coherently. The scattering amplitude is taken as the sum over contributions from multiple scatterings. This is done using the optical model, where the target nucleus is treated as a complex potential. In fact, coherent superposition of scattering amplitudes from all possible paths through the nucleus is a fundamental aspect, leading to phenomena like diffraction patterns. The theory often uses Gaussian or Woods-Saxon distributions for nuclear densities.

## Formalism

The elastic scattering amplitude $F(q)$ in Glauber theory is given by:
$F(q)={\frac {ik}{2\pi }}\int d^{2}be^{i{\vec {q}}{\vec {b}}(1-e^{i\chi ({\vec {b}})})}$
where: $vec{q}$ is the momentum transfer, ${\vec {b}}$ is the impact parameter, $\chi ({\vec {b}})$ is the eikonal phase shift representing the integrated interaction potential. For a nucleus, $\chi ({\vec {b}})$ is expressed as the sum of contributions from individual nucleons, $\chi ({\vec {b}})=\sum _{j}\chi _{j}({\vec {b}}-s_{j})$ where ${\vec {s_{j}}}$ is the transverse position of nucleon j.
At high energies, the above formalism simplifies by focusing on transverse geometry and neglecting effects like spin or low-energy dynamics. Relativistic corrections were not part of the original formalism, but have been included in modern applications when they are necessary (high-energy cases) Other simplifications are that the theory assumes independent scatterings, neglects correlations between nucleons and, as an effective modeling, does not account for some QCD effects directly, which are significant at very small distances.

## Applications

The Glauber theory has been applied to:
Elastic and inelastic scattering of protons, neutrons, and other particles off nuclei.
Heavy-ion collisions to describe the initial geometry of collisions and energy deposition.
High-energy diffraction in hadron-hadron or hadron-nucleus scattering.
EMC effect, specifically nuclear shadowing, in deep inelastic scattering.
Color transparency which describes how much of the projectile penetrates the target nucleus without being absorbed or deflected significantly.
# LiteBIRD

LiteBIRD (Lite (Light) satellite for the studies of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection) is a planned small space observatory that aims to detect the footprint of the primordial gravitational wave on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in a form of polarization pattern called B-mode.
LiteBIRD and OKEANOS were the two finalists for Japan's second Large-Class Mission. In May 2019, LiteBIRD was selected by the Japanese space agency. LiteBIRD is planned to be launched in 2032 with an H3 launch vehicle for three years of observations at the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2.

## Overview

Cosmological inflation is the leading theory of the first instant of the universe, called the Big Bang theory. Inflation postulates that the universe underwent a period of rapid expansion an instant after its formation, and it provides a convincing explanation for cosmological observations. Inflation predicts that primordial gravitational waves were created during the inflationary era, about 10$^{−38}$ second after the beginning of the universe. The primordial gravitational waves are expected to be imprinted in the CMB polarization map as special patterns, called the B-mode. Measurements of polarization of the CMB radiation are considered as the best probe to detect the primordial gravitational waves, that could bring a profound knowledge on how the Universe began, and may open a new era of testing theoretical predictions of quantum gravity, including those by the superstring theory.
The science goal of LiteBIRD is to measure the CMB polarization over the entire sky with the sensitivity of δr <0.001, which allows testing the major single-field slow-roll inflation models experimentally. The design concept is being studied by an international team of scientists from Japan, U.S., Canada and Europe.

## Telescopes

In order to separate CMB from the galactic emission, the measurements will cover 40 GHz to 400 GHz during a 3-year full sky survey using two telescopes on LiteBIRD. The Low Frequency Telescope (LFT) covers 40 GHz to 235 GHz, and the High Frequency Telescope (HFT) covers 280 GHz to 400 GHz. LFT has a 400 mm aperture Crossed-Dragone telescope, and HFT has a 200 mm aperture on-axis refractor with two silicon lenses. The baseline design considers an array of 2,622 superconducting polarimetric detectors. The entire optical system will be cooled down to approximately 5 K (−268.15 °C; −450.67 °F) to minimize the thermal emission, and the focal plane is cooled to 100 mK with a two-stage sub-Kelvin cooler.
# National Cybercrime Reporting Portal

National Cybercrime Reporting Portal is online reporting portal set up by Government of India to help victims of Cyber crime and Cyber fraud. It was launched on 11 December 2023.
# Marek Gatty-Kostyal

Marek Gatty-Kostyal (born July 20, 1886, in Bochnia – September 13, 1965 in Kraków) was a Polish chemist and pharmacist, known for his many contributions to pharmaceutical science. In 1947 he was made the first dean of the newly-opened Faculty of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College.
# Combat Recognition Ribbon

The Combat Recognition Ribbon was a tentative military award of the United States Army which was first proposed in the mid 1980s as an Army equivalent to the United States Navy's Combat Action Ribbon.
* This article related to orders, decorations, and medals is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# NHK World Premium

NHK World Premium is a TV news and entertainment broadcasting service offered by NHK World-Japan, the international arm of Japan's public broadcaster NHK. The service is aimed towards
Japanese Diaspora and the overseas market, similar to worldwide national channels such as CCTV-4, KBS World, TV5Monde, TVE Internacional, RTP Internacional, TV Chile, Rai Italia or RTR-Planeta, and broadcast through subscription TV providers around the world.
The purpose of NHK World Premium is to make original, general television content produced by NHK available to an international audience. It provides a mixture of news, sports and entertainment shows in Japanese language, all of which are simulcast or previously shown on NHK's domestic TV networks in Japan (NHK G, NHK E, NHK BS, NHK BS Premium 4K, and NHK BS8K).
The service is marketed as a pay satellite or cable TV channel with that name across Asia Pacific, Africa (Except North Africa Arabic Speaking Countries) & Latin America (South, Middle, Caribbean). In Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, the service is broadcast via the streaming provider toober.com and other pay TV operators (Cable and Satellite), after JSTV ceased transmission on October 31, 2023, and in North America, it is broadcast via the streaming provider Jme after TV Japan closed on March 31, 2024. Contents generally do not carry English subtitles or dubbing, while a few of them, especially news, have bilingual audio (a feature kept from their original, domestic broadcast in Japan, where it is offered as well for Newscast Only).

## Programmes

* Food (carry Fod listed as BBC Japan)
* AKB48 Show!
* Everyday Tips
* Fudoki
* Fun with English
* Go Focus
* Good Morning, Japan
* International News Report
* The JFA Emperor's Cup Show!
* Mini Program
* Morning Market
* News (carry news from NHK General TV)
* News & Weather (from NHK General TV)
* News Watch 9
* NHK News (carry news from NHK BS 1 which usually airs at 50 minutes past the hour)
* NHK News 7
* NHK Premap (program highlights)
* Nippon Professional Baseball
* Kōhaku Uta Gassen
* Science for Everyone
* Shounen Club
* Sports Plus
* Utacon
* With Mother
* World Weather

## Internet service

NHK World Premium programs and contents are available online but for the linear channel, which mostly aired NHK titles including live events, were available on selected countries, including Asian countries outside Japan. Following the termination of the European satellite service JSTV, on October 31, 2023, NHK World Premium is now available in Europe as an Internet broadcast offered via toober. Meanwhile in North America, following the closure of TV Japan, they moved most of TV Japan titles to their streaming platform Jme [jp], which include NHK World Premium and Jme Select, which resemble the similarity to their former TV Japan linear channel.
# Belfast bap

A Belfast bap is a large crusty white bread roll that originates from Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is best known today as the bread in a breakfast sandwich, but can be eaten as a regular sandwich bap.
The bread is noted for its size being around half a small pan loaf (150–200 g), airy, chewy soft white interior and a distinctive hard crust that is almost burnt on the top. It originate from master baker, Bernard Hughes, who created this bread to feed the poor of Belfast during the Great Famine.
The bread can be found from bakeries and supermarkets in and around the city of Belfast, but is fairly unknown outside Northern Ireland.
# Iljaz Çeço

Iljaz Çeço (born 3 January 1947) is an Albanian retired football player and club director.

## Club career

The midfielder made his senior debut for Traktori Lushnja on 13 January 1962 against Korabi, aged only 15 and spent the rest of his playing career at Dinamo Tirana, except for one season at 17 Nëntori Tirana.

## International career

Çeço is the youngest footballer to ever play for Albania's national team. At only 17, he was launched by Zyber Konçi in a friendly against Algeria on October 11, 1964, that finished in a 1–1 draw. He earned a total of 8 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a November 1971 European Championship qualification match against Turkey.

## Honours

* Albanian Superliga: 5
       1967, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977
* Albanian Cup: 3
       1971, 1974, 1978

## Personal life

Çeço is married and has two children. He was a lawyer by profession. He also was chairman of Dinamo from 1981 to 1987.
# Lutjanus bohar

Lutjanus bohar, the two-spot red snapper, the red bass, twinspot snapper or bohar snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae, not to be confused with the unrelated Australian snapper. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

## Taxonomy

Lutjanus bohar was first formally described as Sciaena bohar in 1775 with no type locality given, although it is thought to be the Red Sea. The description is attributed to the Finnish-born Swedish explorer Peter Forsskål by FishBase, but the Catalog of Fishes attributes as follows
“Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:46, xi [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål)”
Catalog of Fishes then states that the valid binomial is Lutjanus bohar (Fabricius, 1775).
The specific name bohar is the Arabic word used for this fish in the Red Sea.

## Description

The two-spot red snapper can reach a length of 90 cm (35 in), though most do not exceed 76 cm (30 in). The greatest recorded weight for this species is 12.5 kg (28 lb). These large reddish tropical snappers show darker fins, a rounded profile of head and a groove running from the nostrils to the eyes. They have 10 dorsal spines and 3 anal spines. Juveniles and some adults have two silvery-white spots (hence the common name) on the back close to their dorsal fins, while larger adults lose the spots and become mostly red. Large adults may cause ciguatera poisoning.
This species is a commercially important species and is also sought-after as a game fish.

## Biology

It is a long-lived and slow-growing species which reaches maturity at 8–9 years, and the oldest recorded individual is 56. These fishes are carnivorous, mostly feeding on other fishes, crustaceans and molluscs.
Adult snappers often form large schools on the outer reefs or above sandy areas, mainly to form spawning aggregations. Small brownish juveniles mimic damselfishes of the genus Chromis in order to approach their prey.
The chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, is known to scavenge deceased snappers. A pair of nautiluses recorded feeding on a snapper at 703 metres below the surface constitutes the deepest recorded sighting of any nautilus species.

## Distribution

This species is native to the Indian Ocean. It is widespread in the Indo-Pacific from the east African coast, north to the Red Sea, to the western Pacific Ocean, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia.

## Habitat

It is a coral reef inhabitant, being found at depths from 4 to 180 m (13 to 591 ft), though usually between 10 and 70 m (33 and 230 ft).
# Ždírec (Česká Lípa District)

Ždírec (German: Siertsch) is a municipality and village in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Ždírec consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Ždírec (92)
* Bořejov (18)
* Ždírecký Důl (8)
# Crown of Queen Alexandra

The Crown of Queen Alexandra was the consort crown of the British queen Alexandra of Denmark. It was manufactured for the 1902 coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. It is now in the royal collection.

## Background

Queen Victoria's death in January 1901 ended 64 years of the United Kingdom lacking a crowned queen consort, and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha had not been crowned as a consort. Traditionally, queens consort had been crowned with the 17th century Crown of Mary of Modena. However, in 1831, Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was crowned with a 4 half-arched new small crown, the Crown of Queen Adelaide, because the Modena crown was judged unsuitable for use.
In 1902 it was decided to use neither the Modena nor Adelaide crowns for the first coronation of a queen consort in seven decades. Instead it was decided to create a brand new consort crown, to be named after Queen Alexandra.

## Style

The crown departed from the standard style of British crowns, and was more akin to European royal crowns. It was made of platinum for lightness, less upright than the norm in British crowns, and more squat in design, with an unprecedented eight half-arches. Its front arch joined a jewelled cross into which was set the Koh-i-Noor diamond. As with the later Crown of Queen Mary and Crown of Queen Elizabeth, the arches were detachable, allowing the crown to be worn as a circlet.
The Crown of Queen Alexandra was not worn by later queens; new crowns were created for Mary of Teck in 1911 and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1937. The crown is now on display in the Tower of London. For display, the major precious stones have been replaced with artificial paste stones.

## Gallery

* Queen Alexandra wearing the crown in a formal coronation photograph, 1902
# First Constitutional Era

The First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Turkish: مشروطيت; Turkish: Birinci Meşrutiyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Kanûn-ı Esâsî, قانون اساسى, meaning 'Basic Law' or 'Fundamental Law' in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans, that began on 23 December 1876 and lasted until 14 February 1878. These Young Ottomans were dissatisfied by the Tanzimat and instead pushed for a constitutional government similar to that in Europe. The constitutional period started with the dethroning of Sultan Abdulaziz. Abdul Hamid II took his place as Sultan. The era ended with the suspension of the Ottoman Parliament and the constitution by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, with which he restored his own absolute monarchy.
The first constitutional era did not include a party system. At the time, the Ottoman Parliament (known as the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire) was seen as the voice of the people but not as a venue for the formation of political parties and organizations. The elections for the Parliament were held in accordance with the provisional electoral regulations. The Parliament (General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire; مجلس عمومي, Meclis-i Umumi) was composed in two stages. The lower house of the bicameral legislature was the Chamber of Deputies (مجلس مبعوثان, Meclis-i Mebusan), while the upper house was the Senate (مجلس أعيان, Heyet-i Ayan). The initial selection of deputies was made by administrative councils in the provinces (also called Meclis-i Umumi).
After the establishment of the General Assembly in the provinces, the members selected the deputies from within the assembly to form the Chamber of Deputies in the capital. The Chamber had 115 members and reflected the distribution of the millets in the empire. In the second elections, there were 69 Muslim millet representatives and 46 representatives of other millets (Jews, Phanariotes, Armenians). The second body was the Senate, and the members were selected by the Sultan. The Senate had only 26 members. It was designed to replace the porte, and the Grand Vizier become the speaker of Senate. The two elections happened between 1877 and 1878.

## First term, 1877

The members' reactions to the approaching war were very strong, and Sultan Abdul Hamid II asked for new elections citing the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

## Second term, 1878

The life of the second term of the parliament was merely a few days, as after the initial speeches by the members from Balkan vilayets, Abdul Hamid II closed the parliament, citing social unrest.
The president of the Chamber of Deputies was a Deputy from Jerusalem, Yusif Dia Pasha Al Khalidi.

## Significant people

* Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
* Ahmed Vefik Pasha
* Hussein Avni Pasha
* Midhat Pasha
* Suleiman Pasha
# Omar Rodríguez Cisneros

Omar Rodríguez Cisneros (born 11 November 1959) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In the 2009 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the State of Mexico's 30th district during the 61st session of Congress.
# Ametsuchi no Uta

The Ametsuchi no Uta (天地の歌) or Ametsuchi no Kotoba (天地の詞) is a Japanese pangram, first appearing in the 9th century AD in the Minamoto Shitagōshū (Collection of Minamoto Shitagō), which is credited as being the oldest perfect pangram in the Japanese language. Its name roughly translates to "Song (or Words) of the Universe".

## The text

The text of the pangram written in hiragana (including the now archaic ゐ wi and ゑ we as well as the also archaic 𛀁 ye. ん n is not included as it had not been invented yet)
   あめ つち ほし そら やま かは みね たに くも きり むろ こけ ひと いぬ うへ すゑ ゆわ さる おふせよ えの 𛀁を なれゐて
The text of the pangram written in kanji:
   天 地 星 空 山 川 峰 谷 雲 霧 室 苔 人 犬 上 末 硫黄 猿 生ふせよ 榎の枝を 慣れ居て
The text of the pangram written in Hepburn romaji:
   Ame tsuchi hoshi sora Yama kaha mine tani Kumo kiri muro koke Hito inu uhe suwe Yuwa saru ofuseyo Eno yewo narewite
A rough and necessarily nonsensical English translation:
   Heaven, earth, star, sky, Mountain, river, ridge, valley, Cloud, fog, mudhouse, moss, Person, dog, top, end, Sulfur, monkey, grow! Hackberry branch! Keep getting more familiar!
# Stony Brook Field

Stony Brook Field is a baseball venue in Brewster, Massachusetts, home to the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). The ballpark is located adjacent to Stony Brook Elementary School along Underpass Road. Stony Brook is one of three CCBL ballparks that does not have lights.
Opened in 2006, Stony Brook is ringed by trees on three sides and intersects with the Cape Cod Rail Trail. With a capacity of over four thousand, the park features small rows of bleachers along both sides of the infield, along with picnic seating and several grassy areas around the infield and outfield for fans on blankets and beach chairs. A large playground with overhead netting is situated behind the home plate pressbox.
The Whitecaps joined the CCBL in 1988 and, without a suitable venue in town, played their home games at Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in neighboring Harwich. The use of Cape Cod Tech was intended to be short-term, but continued through 2005. Stony Brook Field was constructed thanks to a sizeable grant from the Yawkey Foundation, matched with support from the team raised through voluntary donations and gifts of time and services. The new ballpark allowed the team to move "home" to Brewster, where it would now be able to have a more visible presence in the town and thereby promote greater local interest.
Stony Brook Field saw the Whitecaps capture their second and third CCBL championship crowns as a capacity crowd watched the 2017 team win the decisive third game of the title series over the Bourne Braves, and the 2021 team again bested Bourne in the finals. The ballpark has been the summertime home of many future major leaguers such as Kyle Hendricks, Jeff McNeil, and Aaron Judge.