OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nonvenereal endemic syphilis

Bejel, or endemic syphilis, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the endemicum subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Bejel is one of the "endemic treponematoses" (endemic infections caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called treponemes), a group that also includes yaws and pinta. Typically, endemic trepanematoses begin with localized lesions on the skin or mucous membranes. Pinta is limited to affecting the skin, whereas bejel and yaws are considered to be invasive because they can also cause disease in bone and other internal tissues.

## Signs and symptoms

Bejel usually begins in childhood as a small patch on the mucosa, often on the interior of the mouth, followed by the appearance of raised, eroding lesions on the limbs and trunk. Periostitis (inflammation) of the leg bones is commonly seen, and gummas of the nose and soft palate develop in later stages.

## Causes

Although the organism that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum, is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from Treponema pallidum pallidum, which causes venereal syphilis, transmission of bejel is not venereal. However, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that Treponema pallidum endemicum may also cause venereal syphilis.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of bejel is based on the geographic history of the patient as well as laboratory testing of material from the lesions (dark-field microscopy). The responsible spirochaete is readily identifiable on sight in a microscope as a treponema.

## Epidemiology

Bejel has been known to be endemic in the Sahel region spanning from Mauritania and Senegal to Sudan, the other African countries of Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, and Somalia, the Kalahari Desert spanning from Namibia to Zimbabwe, West Asia spanning from Syria to Pakistan, and the Arabian Peninsula countries of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. It is unclear if it remains endemic in these countries, but a recent study suggested that the causative bacteria circulates outside of this range as venereal syphilis.
# Milan Lazić

Milan Lazić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Лазић; born 27 October 1982) is a Serbian retired football defender.
# Nut Boltu

Nut Boltu (Bengali: নাট বল্টু) is an Indian Bengali language animated comedy television series. Since 2016, the series is being aired regularly on Sony Aath television channel.

## Plot

Nut Boltu series is based on the life and activities of two children named Nut and Boltu, who are around 10 years old. Nut is fat and Botu is thin. Nut and Boltu are a bit mischievous, but stand by each other in good and bad times. They always volunteer to solve the problems of others, but because of their personality and unique thinking, they always get into some trouble. Finally their friendship, honesty and trust helps to solve all the problems.

## Characters

* Nut: The central character, a healthy and intelligent boy. His complexion is light brown. He wears green T-shirt, orange pants and brown shoes most of the time.
* Boltu: Nut's friend. The second central character with thin health.
* Borobabu: Gopi Daroga, Inspector of Dashpara Police Station.
* Rajani Babu: Nut's father.
* Makhon Babu: Boltu's father.
* Wrench: Ratan Chacchari, the head of Nut and Boltu's rival party.
* Hulo: Wrench's assistant, member of Nut and Boltu's rival party. Mittir aunty's sister's son, studied at Dashpara School from his aunt's house.
* Batali: Wrench's assistant, member of Nut and Boltu's rival party. Mittir aunty's sister's son, studied at Dashpara School from his aunt's house.
* Bheblai: Wrench, Hulo and Batali's assistant, member of Nut and Boltu's rival party.
* Chimti: Nut and Boltu's friend (female), niece of Borobabu.
* Karali Dadu: Retired lawyer.
* Mittir Aunty: Mrs. Mitra, aunt of Hulo and Batali.
* Karmakarta: President of Daspara Club.
* Ranga Dadu: Nut's mother's maternal uncle. Nut's distant grandfather.
* Murilal, Kanu, Kakatua: Robbers, who are caught because of Nut and Boltu every time they steal or rob.
# Calcium citrate

Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor. In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate. Calcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal or Caltrate). Calcium makes up 24.1% of calcium citrate (anhydrous) and 21.1% of calcium citrate (tetrahydrate) by mass. The tetrahydrate occurs in nature as the mineral Earlandite.

## Chemical properties

Calcium citrate is sparingly soluble in water. Needle-shaped crystals of tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate [Ca$_3$(C$_6$H$_5$O$_7$)$_2$(H$_2$O)$_2$]·2H$_2$O were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structure comprises a three-dimensional network in which eightfold coordinated Ca$^{2+}$ cations are linked by citrate anions and hydrogen bonds between two non-coordinating crystal water molecules and two coordinating water molecules.

## Production

Calcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fungal fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially. The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by limewater, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate. This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrate.
    3 Ca(OH)$_{2(s)}$ + 2 C$_6$H$_8$O$_{7(l)}$ → Ca$_3$(C$_6$H$_5$O$_7$)$_{2(s)}$ + 6 H$_2$O$_{(l)}$
The calcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.

## Medical uses

It's primarily sold as a food supplement of calcium.

### Bioavailability

In many individuals, bioavailability of calcium citrate is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate (CaCO$_3$). However, alterations to the digestive tract may change how calcium is digested and absorbed. Unlike calcium carbonate, which is basic and neutralizes stomach acid, calcium citrate has no effect on stomach acid. Calcium carbonate is harder to digest than calcium citrate, and calcium carbonate carries a risk of "acid rebound" (the stomach overcompensates by producing more acid), so individuals who are sensitive to antacids or who have difficulty producing adequate stomach acid may choose calcium citrate over calcium carbonate for supplementation.
According to a 2009 research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery, calcium citrate may have improved bioavailability over calcium carbonate in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients who are taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery. This is mainly due to the changes related to where calcium absorption occurs in the digestive tract of these individuals.
# Beowa

Beowa, Beaw, Bēow, Beo or Bedwig is a figure in Anglo-Saxon traditional religion associated with barley and agriculture. The figure is attested in the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies as they were extended in the age of Alfred, where Beowa is inserted as the son of Scyld and the grandson of Sceafa, in lineages carried back to Adam. Connections have been proposed between the figure of Beowa and the hero Beowulf of the poem of the same name and English folk song figure John Barleycorn.

## Etymology

Beoƿ is an Old English word for barley. In the Anglo-Saxon genealogies, Beoƿa is the son or grandson of Sceafa, the Old English word for sheaf. The noun beoƿ has an Old Norse parallel in Bygg, the word for "grain." Related comparisons have been made between the figure of Beoƿ and Byggvir, attested in the Prose Edda as a servant of the god Freyr.

## Theories

Some scholars posit a connection between the mythical figure of Beowa and the legendary Beowulf. As the two characters possess many of the same attributes, it has been suggested that "a god Beowa, whose existence in myth is certain, became confused or blended with Beowulf."
Another possibility is that the (first) scribe responsible for the Beowulf text conflated two names. At the beginning of the poem, there is a character called Beowulf, the son of Scyld Scefing, but this character is not the Beowulf who is the protagonist of the poem. Rather than accepting that there are two different characters with this unusual name, many modern editions of the poem replace this name with "Beow". J. R. R. Tolkien, one of the proponents of reading "Beow" here, suggested that the use of "Beowulf" as Scyld Schefing's son was a scribal error for the original "Beow", noting that the two scribes who produced the Beowulf manuscript were "both extremely ignorant of and careless with proper names", and called the occurrence of "Beowulf" in this place in the manuscript "one of the oddest facts in Old English literature" and "one of the reddest and highest red herrings that were ever dragged across a literary trail".
Kathleen Herbert draws a link between Beowa and the figure of John Barleycorn of traditional English folksong. Herbert says that Beowa and Barleycorn are one and the same, noting that the folksong details the suffering, death, and resurrection of Barleycorn, yet also celebrates the "reviving effects of drinking his blood."
# George Fyler Townsend

George Fyler Townsend (1814–1900) was the British translator of the standard English edition of Aesop's Fables.
He was the son of George Townsend and was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge -DCL 1876. He was Vicar of Barntingham, Yorks 1842-1857, of Leominster 1857-1862 and of St Michael's, Burleigh Street, Westminster 1862-1894.
He was the last Clerical proctor for granting Marriage Licences in Doctors Commons and assumed the name "Townesend" in 1882.
Although there are more modern collections and translations, Townsend's volume of 350 fables introduced the practice of stating a succinct moral at the conclusion of each story, and continues to be influential. Several editions were published in his lifetime, and others since. In 1860, Townsend also published a revised edition of The Arabian Nights, "mostly founded on the version of Dr Jonathan Scott".
In 1872, Townsend published, under the auspices of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, a volume entitled 'The Sea Kings of the Mediterranean'. This is an account of the Knights of Malta, from their beginnings up to Townsend's own time. The dedication is addressed to his 'Dear Boys', 'in the hope that they will hate all that is low and base, and love all that is noble, great and good.'
Townsend also published 'The Town and Borough of Leominster' (Leominster: S. Partridge, and London: Arthur Hall & Co., date not given), written about 1861 while he was vicar of Leominster in Herefordshire.
His son was surgeon Stephen Townsend.
# Æthelwine

Æthelwine, Old English pronunciation: also Aethelwine or Ethelwine is an Anglo-Saxon given name meaning "noble friend". Its Old High German equivalent is Adalwin.
* Æthelwine of Abingdon (died 1030), abbot of Abingdon
* Æthelwine (Bishop of Durham) (died 1071), bishop of Durham
* Æthelwine of Lindsey, bishop of Lindsey
* Æthelwine of Athelney, Anglo Saxon Saint
* Æthelwine of Wells, bishop of Wells
* Æthelwine of Sceldeforde Anglo Saxon Saint
* Æthelwine, Ealdorman of East Anglia (died 992), son of Æthelstan Half-King
* Æthelwine, a son of Æthelweard (son of Alfred), who died in the Battle of Brunanburh (937)
* Adalwin (died 816), bishop of Regensburg
* Adalwin (died 873), bishop of Salzburg
# Faruk Bayar

Faruk Bayar (born October 11, 1981 in Eskişehir) is a Turkish retired footballer. He played left back, left midfield and defensive midfield. Standing at 178 cm, he wore the number 26 jersey. He became professional in 1999–2000 season at Eskişehirspor.
He has played for the Turkey under-21 team and 1 time for Turkey national football team. He has previously played for Eskişehirspor (1999–2002), İstanbulspor (2002–2005), Gaziantepspor (2005–2007), Kasımpaşa S.K. (2007–2008), Sivasspor (2008–2010) and Mersin İdman Yurdu (2010–2011).
# Berkay Onarıcı

Berkay Onarıcı (born 10 July 1987, in Eskişehir) is a Turkish professional footballer who last played as an attacking midfielder for Mihalgazispor.
Onarıcı played in nine matches for Eskişehirspor in the TFF First League during the 2007–08 season.
# Styca

The styca (pronounced; pl. stycas) was a small coin minted in pre-Viking Northumbria, originally in base silver and subsequently in a copper alloy. Production began in the 790s and continued until the 850s, though the coin remained in circulation until the Viking conquest of Northumbria in 867.

## Etymology

The coin's name derives from Old English styċċe, meaning "piece."

## History

Stycas were first minted in the reign of Æthelred I of Northumbria (790–796), replacing the earlier sceat which ceased production in c. 790. They were initially made from a debased alloy of silver, and from c. 830 until c. 835 they were also minted in a copper alloy. Production switched over entirely to copper in c. 837 and lasted until c. 855. Production ceased at this time, though the coin remained in circulation until the Viking conquest of Northumbria in 867. Stycas were unique to Northumbria; from the late eighth century onwards the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms minted only silver pennies based on the Frankish denier. The vast number of copper stycas which are known to exist indicates that production from the 830s onwards was both intensive and constant. The large quantity of stycas produced, combined with the fact that large numbers of stycas are clearly of unofficial creation, might suggest a reason as to why production was halted in the reign of Osberht of Northumbria.

## Design

With a few exceptions, the various issues of stycas share a common design standard. Typically the name of the issuing king (or archbishop) appears on one side surrounding a central motif, and the name of the moneyer who made the coin appears on the other side. Common central motifs include simple cruciform designs and rings of annulets. Exceptions include those stycas made by the moneyer Leofdegn during the reign of Æthelred II of Northumbria. These stycas feature much more elaborate designs including complex central cruciform devices and one issue in particular features both a hound and a triquetra on the same side.

## Hoards

Hoards that consist of stycas, or where stycas are part of the assemblage, include:
* Hexham Hoard
* Kirkoswald Hoard
* St Leonard's Place hoard
* Talnotrie Hoard
# Goo Kennedy

Eugene "Goo" Kennedy (August 23, 1949 – December 8, 2020) was an American professional basketball player.
A 6'7" forward/center, Kennedy played one season (1970–71) of college basketball at Texas Christian University, and was named the Southwest Conference Player of the Year after leading the TCU Horned Frogs to the conference championship. He averaged 16.6 rebounds per game that season, with a high of 28 versus the University of Arkansas.
After college, Kennedy played four seasons in the American Basketball Association as a member of the Dallas Chaparrals/San Antonio Spurs, Spirits of St. Louis, and Utah Stars. He then played one season in the National Basketball Association with the Houston Rockets. He averaged 8.2 points and 5.6 rebounds per game during his professional career.
Kennedy and his wife, Mary, raised over forty foster children over the years.
Kennedy died at age 71 on 8 December 2020, according to his daughter Eugenia. The cause of death was not immediately known.
# Mimisal

Mimisal is a coastal village in the Avadaiyarkoil revenue block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Mimisal had a total population of 2,793 with 1,430 males and 1,363 females. Out of the total population, 2,026 people were literate.
# Cardinal Newman Roman Catholic School, Rhydyfelin

51°35′06″N 3°18′14″W﻿ / ﻿51.585°N 3.304°W﻿ / 51.585; -3.304
Cardinal Newman Roman Catholic Comprehensive School (Welsh: Ysgol Uwchradd Gatholig Cardinal Newman) is an English speaking Roman Catholic comprehensive school in the village of Rhydyfelin near Pontypridd, in Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, United Kingdom. The school motto is, "O Galon i Galon," Welsh for "Heart to Heart," and it is based on Saint John Henry Newman's motto.

## Buildings

The school consists of 4 main buildings:
* Main Building: Reception area, Assembly Hall, Canteen, Gymnasium, Library, Staff Room, Physical Education Classrooms, Technology Department, Media Classrooms, Changing rooms and History Department.
* Double Storey Block: Upstairs - English, Geography. Downstairs - French, Art, Catering and Hospitality.
* Science Building: Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Conference Room, Religious Education.
* RE Block: Downstairs - Religious Education, Welsh, Café Area. Upstairs - ICT, Maths, Welsh Baccalaureate Area.
There is also an area with terrapins for instrument study, support staff offices, inclusion and nurture.

## History

The school is named after Saint John Henry Newman (who was canonised on 13 October 2019). The school was opened in 1969.

## Partnerships with the school

The school's previous consortium, which consisted of Pontypridd High School, Hawthorn High School and Cardinal Newman RC School, was dissolved after the end of the 2012-13 school year. It was replaced by a different consortium with the inclusion on a new college in Nantgarw, Cardiff which is located 2.2 miles away. This consortium consists of Cardinal Newman RC School, Coleg Morgannwg (later Coleg Y Cymoedd) and St David's Catholic College. This consortium ended following the 2017-2018 school year. It has been announced that a new partnership with St David’s Catholic College will begin after the sixth form's last intake in September 2021 due to it being the only R.C post 16 option available to learners after the sixth form ceases to operate.
The school has a partnership with a Ugandan school named Bukalasi. They have a few fundraising events to raise money for the school to help them build new buildings. The money is raised and send to the school via CAFOD. Teachers from each of the schools visit the other school around once per year.

## Alumni

* Robert Earnshaw (b. 1981) - footballer, West Bromwich Albion F.C., Wales national football team
* Fionn McLoughlin (b. 1982) - Irish Rugby Union Player, ex Shannon RUFC, Pontypridd RUFC currently with Royal Tunbridge Wells RUFC.
* Tommy O'Sullivan (b. 1995) - footballer, Cardiff City F.C.
# St Alban's Roman Catholic High School, Pontypool

51°42′13″N 3°02′20″W﻿ / ﻿51.70361°N 3.03889°W﻿ / 51.70361; -3.03889
St Alban's RC High School (Welsh: Ysgol Uwchradd Catholig Sain Alban) is a Roman Catholic secondary school in Pontypool, Torfaen, Wales. The school provides education from ages 11-16. The school is situated in Park House, the former home of the Hanbury family in Pontypool Park.

## Park House

Built in the late seventeenth century by local ironmaster, Major John Hanbury, the house is in a style popularised by the architect Inigo Jones.
In 1923 the Hanbury family sold the property to the Sisters of the Order of the Holy Ghost. It was initially reopened as a girls' day and boarding school. In 1963, control of the school was passed to the Archdiocese of Cardiff to become St Alban’s RC High School.
In March 2023 - St Albans R.C. High School have opened the doors to its newly refurbished library, thanks to a £1.2 million grant from the Welsh Government.

## 2008 Estyn report

According to the Autumn 2008 report by Estyn, the school has a GCSE pass rate of 75% (based on 5 GCSEs, grades A-C) which puts it in equal 17th place in Wales and within the top 10% of secondary schools in Wales. The inspection concluded that: St Alban’s Roman Catholic High School is a very successful school with many outstanding features. Its Christian values pervade its work and are important to all members of the school community.

## Former students

* Gareth Maule – Rugby player - Llanelli Scarlets
* Lloyd Burns – Rugby player - Dragons
* Menna Clatworthy - British immunologist who is Professor of Translational Medicine at the University of Cambridge.
* Christian Coleman – Rugby player - Dragons
* Joe Goodchild – Rugby player - Cardiff RFC
* Nick Thomas-Symonds - British Labour Party Politician, barrister and academic - MP for Torfaen, May 2015 – Present
* Kevin Owen - British TV News Anchor - former Senior News Anchor at RT International, Moscow 2006–2022, ex-Sky News, BBC World Service, HTV Wales and West, and BBC Wales.
# Larry Mikan

George Lawrence Mikan III (born April 8, 1948) is an American former professional basketball player.
The son of Hall of Famer George Mikan and nephew of Ed Mikan, Larry Mikan prepped at Benilde High School (now Benilde-St. Margaret's) where he played center. In college, he competed for the University of Minnesota in the late 1960s and early 1970s. After graduating, he played one season with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association. He averaged 3.0 points and 2.6 rebounds in 53 games.

## Career statistics
### NBA

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1970–71 | Cleveland | 53 | 10.1 | .333 | .618 | 2.6 | .8 | 3.0 |
# Lactophrys trigonus

Lactophrys trigonus, the buffalo trunkfish or trunkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. The buffalo trunkfish is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Lactophrys trigonus was first formally described as Ostracion trigonus in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae with its type locality given as the Western Atlantic. In 1839 William Swainson proposed a new subgenus of Ostracion he called Lactophrys and in 1865 Pieter Bleeker designated this species, O. trigonus as the type species of Lactophrys. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Lactophrys within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes.

## Etymology

Lactophrys trigonus is a member of the genus Lactophrys, a name which is a compound of lactaria, meaning a "milkcow", and ophrys, meaning "eyebrow", a reference to the spines above the eyes resembling the horns of a cow. Some fishes in this family are known as cowfishes. The specific name, trigonus, means "three angles", a reference to this fish's triangular body when viewed head on.

## Description

The trunkfish has small diffuse white spots. Two areas, located on the pectoral region and halfway between gills and posterior end of carapace, contain dark-edged hexagonal plates that together form chain-like markings. It can reach a length of 30–50 cm and weigh up to 3.3 kg.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is native to the Western Atlantic from Canada to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda and the Caribbean. Records from the Mediterranean still lack verification. It inhabits areas with coral rubble, seagrass beds and offshore reefs, preferring depths above 50 m (160 ft).

## Ecology

Boxfish are benthic feeders and will forage on seagrasses, crustaceans, mollusks, worms, tunicates and a variety of small benthic invertebrates. They are a popular food throughout the Caribbean, and a minor species in the aquarium trade.