OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SM UB-63

SM UB-63 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 23 July 1917 as SM UB-63.
UB-63 was sunk on 28 January 1918 by British warships HMS W.S. Bailey and HMS Fort George at 56°10′N 2°0′E﻿ / ﻿56.167°N 2.000°E﻿ / 56.167; 2.000 with depth charges. All 33 crew members perished in the attack.

## Construction

UB-63 was ordered by the GIN on 20 May 1916.
She was built by AG Vulcan of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction, launched at Hamburg on 26 May 1917. UB-63 was commissioned later that same year . Like all Type UB III submarines, UB-63 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun. UB-63 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 8,420 nautical miles (15,590 km; 9,690 mi). UB-63 had a displacement of 508 t (500 long tons) while surfaced and 639 t (629 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.3 knots (24.6 km/h; 15.3 mph) when surfaced and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) when submerged.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 15 September 1917 | Santaren | United Kingdom | 4,256 | Sunk |
| 3 November 1917 | Haelen | Belgium | 3,290 | Captured as prize |
| 8 November 1917 | Lindhardt | Denmark | 225 | Sunk |
| 15 November 1917 | Stargard | Norway | 1,113 | Damaged |
# Quercus vacciniifolia

Quercus vacciniifolia (sometimes spelled Q. vaccinifolia), the huckleberry oak, is a member of the Protobalanus section of genus Quercus. It has evergreen foliage, short styles, very bitter acorns that mature in 18 months, and a woolly acorn shell interior.

## Description

Quercus vacciniifolia is a shrubby evergreen of the oak family, which grows generally less than 1.5 metres (5 feet) tall and spreads horizontally, never becoming a tree. In the field, the genus is best identified from its clustered terminal buds. The species is most easily identified by its acorns. Those of Q. vacciniifolia are 7.5–18 millimetres (5⁄16–11⁄16 in) long and mature in 2 years after pollination.

### Similar species

Q. vacciniifolia can be easily confused with Q. cedrosensis, which grows in dry chaparrals, such as California-Mexico border south, forests of Baja California and at higher elevations on Cedros Island. Morphologically, the two species differ in their leaf margins: while Q. vacciniifolia leaves are entire to mucro-toothed, Q. cedrosensis leaves are entire or have irregular spine-tipped teeth.

## Distribution and habitat

Quercus vacciniifolia is native to the western United States, where it can be found in the Sierra Nevada of California, where its distribution extends just into Nevada, and the Klamath Mountains and southern Cascade Range as far north as southern Oregon. It grows in high mountain forests. It also dominates sections of mountain chaparral.
The species can be found in steep slopes, ridges, conifer forests, and sub-alpine forest, mostly in high montane area at altitudes of 150 to 2,930 m (490 to 9,610 ft). It is native to California, but can also be found in Oregon and Nevada. Hybridization between Q. vacciniifolia and Q. chrysolepis has been extensively reported in Sierra Nevada. Between the early and middle Holocene, 11,000 and 5,000 cal years BP, Q. vacciniifolia were an extensive shrub in the Klamath Mountains (at the northern portions of California), which had ultramafic soils. At this period, Q. vacciniifolia was a main fire developer due to its abundance, mid-height and resinous leaves. Today, Q. vacciniifolia rarely forms dense chaparral-like stands, allowing fire resistant species to grow intermittently.

## Ecology

Many animal species use this shrub for food, including mule deer, which eat the leaves, and many birds and mammals, including the American black bear, which eat the acorns.

## Uses

The acorns are edible.
The Quercus vacciniifolia plant is used in restoration, revegetation, and garden landscaping. It is good for preventing erosion, such as on the slopes above Lake Tahoe to slow the erosion that pollutes the lake.
# Frank Burkitt

Benjamin Franklin Burkitt (July 5, 1843 – November 18, 1914) was an American newspaper editor and politician from the state of Mississippi.

## Biography

Burkitt was born in Lawrenceburg, Tennessee, in 1843 to Henry Lemuel Burkett and Louise Howell. Henry Burkett's ancestors had moved to North Carolina before the American Revolution, where Henry grew up before moving to Tennessee. Burkitt served in the 9th Battalion Tennessee Cavalry of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. After the war had ended, he taught in Alabama for two years, and moved to Houston, Mississippi, in 1867, becoming the editor of the Houston Messenger in 1872. He moved the paper to Okolona, Mississippi, in 1876 and renamed it the Peoples' Messenger, becoming active with the Mississippi State Grange. Burkitt was elected president of the Mississippi Press Association in 1883. Burkitt also began to practice law in 1872.

### Political career

Burkitt began his political career when he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1885, serving four terms. He was a delegate to the 1890 constitutional convention. In 1891, he joined the newly-formed Populist Party, and ran as that party's candidate for Mississippi's 4th congressional district in 1892, losing to Democrat Hernando Money and receiving 39% of the vote. Burkitt was appointed as a Democratic elector for the 1892 presidential election, but resigned in order to support the Populist ticket. He ran for Governor of Mississippi in the 1895 gubernatorial election, losing to Democrat Anselm J. McLaurin and receiving 28% of the vote. He rejoined the Democratic Party in 1900, and was elected again to the House in 1907. Burkitt was elected to the Mississippi State Senate in 1910, and served until his death on November 18, 1914, in Okolona.

## Personal life

Burkitt married Mattie Schrimsher on December 30, 1866, and they had four children: Jennie Lee Cary, James Howell, Mary Louise King, and Bennie Dossett. He again married on December 30, 1906, this time to Mary Elizabeth Mitchell.
# Espresso House

Espresso House is the largest coffeehouse chain in the Nordic countries. The company was founded in Lund, Sweden in 1996 by Elisabet and Charles Asker. In April 2023 it reached over 510 locations throughout Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Germany.

## History

Espresso House was founded by the couple Elisabet and Charles Asker with the coffee bar Café Java in Gothenburg. The first café bearing the name Espresso House opened on street Kyrkogatan in Lund 1996. In 2005 the chain consisted of sixteen different cafes, which in March 2018 had expanded to 430 coffee shops. All bread and pastry served is baked by the central bakery Espresso House Bakery in Malmö.

## Organisation

JAB Holding Company, who in connection with the purchase of Espresso House also bought Baresso Coffee in Denmark, decided during the fall of 2016 that all 45 cafés in the Danish chain would convert to Espresso House.
One thing that's relatively unique for Espresso House is that all coffee houses are corporate-owned, unlike similar chains, like Starbucks, that sometimes use franchising.
Until September 2012, Espresso House was owned by the British private equity firm Palamon Capital Partners, that also acquired the coffee shop chain Coffee Cup that started in Stockholm 1997. The two brands were united under Espresso House. In September 2012, the chain was acquired by the Norwegian private equity firm Herkules Capital that later sold it again in 2015 to the German family business JAB Holding Company.

## Locations

As of April 2023, there were 510 stores in the following countries:
| Country | Number of stores |
| Denmark | 76 |
| Finland | 73 |
| Norway | 63 |
| Sweden | 258 |
| Germany | 40 |

## Impact

Espresso House has been compared to Starbucks in North America in regards to its ubiquity and spread. In Norway, the chain has become a symbol of gentrification and "commercial monoculture".
In January 2022 the Finnish investigative journalism show M.O.T reported multiple occasions of mismanagement, hygiene related issues and employees having monthly working hours exceeding lawful limits.

## Gallery

* The branch at Stockholm Concert Hall.
* The branch at Västerlånggatan, Stockholm.
* The branch at Drottninggatan, Stockholm.
* The branch at the Pallas House, Oulu, Finland.
# Kasab

Kasab may refer to:
* Kasab or Kessab, a town in Syria
* Kasab, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
* Qassab, a Muslim community of India and Pakistan
* Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani militant who was involved in the 2008 Mumbai attacks; he was later executed by the Indian government
** Kasab: The Face of 26/11, a 2010 non-fiction book about him by Indian journalist Rommel Rodrigues
* Khaled Kasab Mahameed, an Israeli Arab lawyer, founder of the Arab Institute for Holocaust Research and Education
* Khasab, a place in Oman
# César Julio Valencia Copete

César Julio Valencia Copete (born August 24, 1951 in Cali, Valle del Cauca) is a Colombian lawyer and magistrate of the Supreme Court of Colombia. He is the former President of Supreme Court of Colombia.

## Education

Valencia graduated from the Universidad Externado de Colombia in Bogotá with a specialization in Commercial law from the same university.
# Le Clown et ses chiens

Le Clown et ses chiens (aka The Clown and His Dogs) is an 1892 French short animated film hand-painted in colour by Émile Reynaud. It consists of 300 individually painted images and lasts about 10 minutes. It was the second film that Reynaud made for his Théâtre Optique, after Un bon bock (created in 1888).

## Plot

The film shows a clown entering a circus ring and greeting the audience, before he starts to perform tricks with three dogs. The dogs jump through hoops, walk on a ball and jump over a wand.

## Release

It premiered theatrically alongside Pauvre Pierrot and Un bon bock on 28 October 1892 as part of Reynaud's Pantomimes Lumineuses program at the Musée Grévin and lasted until February 1894.
Reynaud gave the whole presentation himself manipulating the images, accompanied by Gaston Paulin on the piano. With the exception of Un bon bock, and Théâtre Optique films after this one, no footage can be found due to Reynaud throwing all of his films (except for a partial of Pauvre Pierrot and Autour D’une Cabine) into the Seine river in 1900.
# Greg Hampikian

Greg Hampikian is an American biologist and the founder and director of the Idaho Innocence Project. He is considered one of the foremost forensic DNA experts in the United States.
Hampikian assisted in the establishment of various forensic evidence projects such as the Georgia Innocence Project, the Irish Innocence Project, and the Innocence Project France. He is currently a professor in the Departments of Biological Sciences and Criminal Justice at Boise State University. Hampikian is a DNA Expert on the Georgia Innocence Project Board. Hampikian is a New York Times contributing columnist whose two most popular contributions to date have been "Men, Who Needs Them" and "When May I Shoot a Student". Hampikian has published in numerous scholarly scientific journals, including Nature and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Hampikian was inducted as a Charter Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. His inventions range from a magnetic shaped memory alloy micro-pump to a forensic DNA labeling kit that prevents contamination of samples given to the police. Hampikian pioneered the study of DNA and protein sequences absent from nature and coined the term Nullomers. Hampikian lectures on DNA science generally as well as DNA in forensic evidence specifically nationwide. Hampikian is noted for his work on several exonerations both nationally and internationally including his work on the Amanda Knox case.

## Life and work

Hampikian received a master's degree and a PhD from the University of Connecticut in 1986 and 1990, respectively. He has worked with many attorneys on cases which involved DNA forensics investigation. He established the Idaho Innocence Project which analyzes wrongful conviction claims and assists those who have been falsely charged.
Hampikian is a contributor to scientific journals, newspapers and magazines; including a farcical look at the issue of allowing concealed weapons on college campuses. He has been featured on television numerous times in news networks such as CNN and BBC. He is also the co-author of the "Exit to Freedom" which documents the life of Calvin C. Johnson Jr., who was wrongfully convicted and spent seventeen years in prison.
Hampikian is also an amateur folk singer and songwriter.

## Amanda Knox

During the high-profile case of Amanda Knox, on May 23, 2011, Hampikian announced that, based on its independent investigation and review, DNA samples taken at the crime scene all pointed to African drifter Rudy Guede and excluded Knox and Sollecito. Upon reexamination of the DNA, he concluded that the evidence is unreliable and contaminated. Hampikian's work contributed to Knox and Sollecito's convictions being overturned.
# MacDonald Park, South Australia

In the Hundred of Munno Para the suburb of MacDonald Park was established by MacDonald Reid Pty Ltd in 1964.
MacDonald Park is a northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Playford. It is north and west of a bend in the Max Fatchen Expressway, bounded by Curtis Road and Heaslip Road on the north and west sides.
The suburb boundaries were adjusted on 2 June 2011 when the Max Fatchen Expressway was built so that suburbs did not span the expressway. The area south of Petherton Road changed from Penfield to Macdonald Park, and the area between the Expressway and Andrews Road changed from Macdonald Park to Andrews Farm. Some of the current suburb and part of the land transferred to Andrews Farm was formerly the Smithfield magazine area, which had been closed before the expressway was built across it. The Curtis Road interchange is also built on former munitions store land.

## History

According to the city of playford, in the initial stages of World War II, the Commonwealth Government initiated a significant expansion effort to produce munitions, this included the establishment of four munitions facilities in and around Adelaide, that being a small arms factory at Hendon, a foundry and rolling mill at Finsbury, an explosive and filling factory at Salisbury, and a magazine area at Smithfield.
The Smithfield magazine was erected in early 1941 on a 530-hectare site, situated approximately 5 km north of the Salisbury Explosive and Filling Factory, its primary function was to serve as the storage facility for munitions produced at the Salisbury factory, housing materials such as Cordite, TNT, and Nitrocellulose, the site was positioned at the intersection of Curtis and Andrew’s roads, MacDonald Park.
In total, around 95 buildings were constructed, comprising thirty 50-ton magazines and three 100-ton magazine building's.
In the early 1960s, a section of the decommissioned Smithfield Magazine area, once part of the munitions factory constructed in the Penfield area during the early 1940s, (also known as the Salisbury explosives factory, now Edinburgh Park), the land was sold by the government to MacDonald Reid Pty Ltd who developed the sold section of land into MacDonald Park farmlets in 1964.
The 50 ton magazine buildings in the newly founded suburb were reutilized, with some of the building's being refurbished & used as a homestead.
# Georgy Drozd

Georgy Ivanovich Drozd (Ukrainian: Георгій Іванович Дрозд; 28 May 1941, Kyiv – 10 June 2015, Kyiv) was a Soviet and Ukrainian actor, member of the National Union of Cinematographers of Ukraine. People's Artist of Ukraine (1999).

## Biography

Born May 28, 1941 in Kyiv in the family working. He graduated from the Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University.
He worked at the Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama.
His son is actor Maxim Drozd.

## Death

In 2013 the actor became seriously ill. On June 10, 2015, Georgy Drozd died after a long illness.

## Selected filmography

* Faithfulness (1965)
* Countermeasure (1974)
* Where Were You, Odysseus? (1978)
* Twice Born (1983)
* Charlotte's Necklace (1984)
* To Award (Posthumously) (1986)
* Disintegration (1990)
* Dark Waters (1994)
* Cinderella (2002)
* Muhtar's Return (2005)
* A Second Before... (2007)
* House with Lilies (2014)
# First Congress of Vienna

The First Congress of Vienna was held in 1515, attended by the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I, and the Jagiellonian brothers, Vladislaus II, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia, and Sigismund I, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Previously, Vladislaus and Maximilian had agreed on a Habsburg-Jagiellon mutual-succession treaty in 1506. It became a turning point in the history of Central Europe. After the death of Vladislaus, and later his son and heir, the childless King Louis II at the Battle of Mohács against the Ottomans in 1526, the Habsburg-Jagellion mutual succession treaty ultimately increased the power of the Habsburgs and diminished that of the Jagiellonians.
Maximilian had been supporting Vasili III of the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Jagiellonian rulers of Lithuania, Poland, Hungary and Bohemia, to advance the Habsburg claims to the succession in Hungary and Bohemia. The Jagiellonians had been facing simultaneous threats on all fronts, from the Emperor, the Russians, the Teutonic Order under Albert of Prussia, and the Crimean Tatars. The city of Smolensk fell to the Russians in 1514, and Maximilian planned a congress to cement his claims in central Europe. However, Lithuanian and Polish forces decisively defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Orsha on 8 September 1514, changing the balance of power.
The Congress opened at the Emperor's border, at Bratislava (Pressburg or Pozsony) in Hungary, where Maximilian's representative met Vladislaus and Sigismund, and concluded after they travelled together to Austria where the two kings met the emperor and went on to Vienna. The Emperor promised to cease his support of Moscow against Lithuania and Poland, and to arbitrate in disputes between the Teutonic Order and Poland under the Second Treaty of Thorn. Maximilan and Vladislaus decided in the congress: their mutual succession treaty was further confirmed by a double wedding. Accordingly, Vladislaus's only son, Louis, married the Emperor's granddaughter Mary; and Emperor's grandson, Archduke Ferdinand, married Vladislaus' daughter, Anna. The Habsburg claims to the succession in Hungary and Bohemia were advanced substantially by the marriages. A woodcut by Albrecht Dürer commemorates the double wedding on 22 July 1515.
Vladislaus died on 13 March 1516, and Maximilian died on 12 January 1519, but his designs were ultimately successful: on Louis's death in 1526, he was succeeded as King of Bohemia by Maximilian's grandson, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
# Hey Now

Hey Now may refer to:
* Hey Now! (Remixes & Rarities), a 2005 album by Cyndi Lauper
* "Hey now!", a catchphrase from The Larry Sanders Show

## Songs

* "Hey Now" (Lesley Gore song), 1964
* "Hey Now" (London Grammar song), 2014
* "Hey Now" (Kendrick Lamar song), 2024
* "Hey Now" (Ira Losco song), 2019
* "Hey Now" (Martin Solveig song), 2013
* "Hey Now" (Tantric song), 2003
* "Hey Now (Girls Just Want to Have Fun)", by Cyndi Lauper, 1994
* "Hey Now (Mean Muggin)", by Xzibit, 2004
* "Hey Now", by Eddie Floyd
* "Hey Now", by FM Static from What Are You Waiting For?
* "Hey Now!", by Oasis from (What's the Story) Morning Glory?
* "Hey Now", by Pinhead Gunpowder from Fahizah
* "Hey Now", by the Platters
* "Hey Now", by Red Garland from Groovy
* "Hey Now", by the Regrettes Feel Your Feelings Fool!
* "Hey Now", by Talking Heads from True Stories
* "Hey Now", by TobyMac from Welcome to Diverse City
# PSB-SB-1202

PSB-SB-1202 is a coumarin derivative which is an agonist at the cannabinoid receptors CB$_1$ and CB$_2$, with a CB$_1$ Ki of 32nM and a CB$_2$ Ki of 49nM. It is also a weak antagonist at the related receptor GPR55, with an IC$_{50}$ of 6350nM, but has no significant affinity for GPR18.
# Molina Sodhi

Molina Sodhi is an Indian actress known for her work in Punjabi cinema.She has worked in more than 200 Punjabi music videos with prominent singers.

## Early life

Sodhi was born on 21 October 1993, in Delhi, India. Her parents hail from Punjab, and she grew up in Delhi alongside her elder sister, Manmeet.

## Acting career

She was cast in the 2019 Punjabi film 'Vich Bolunga Tere'. Subsequently, she appeared in the films 'je tere naal pyar na hunda', and Balle O Chalaak Sajjna.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2022 | Vich Bolunga Tere | Sifat | Debut film |
| 2022 | Je tere Naal Pyar Na Hunda | Roop | |
| 2023 | Balle O Chalaak Sajjna | Channi | |

### Music videos

| Title | Year | Artist(s) | Video Director | Label | Notes |
| "Sardarni" | 2015 | Kulbir Jhinjar | Vehli Janta Films Vehli Janta Rercords | From the album SARDARNI |
| "Mukaddar" | 2015 | 2022 | Jyoti Nooran | Sandeep Bedi | Tips Punjabi |
| "Ja Tere Bina" | 2015 | 2022 | Happy Raikoti | Dilsher Singh, Khushpal Singh | White Hill Music |
# Palazzo Castiglioni (Milan)

Palazzo Castiglioni is an Art Nouveau palace of Milan, northern Italy. It was designed by Giuseppe Sommaruga in the Liberty style and built between 1901 and 1903. The rusticated blocks of the basement imitate a natural rocky shape, while the rest of the decorations are inspired by 18th century stuccos. The building is now used as the seat of the Unione Commercianti di Milano (Traders' Union of Milan).

## History

The palace was built for entrepreneur Ermengildo Castiglioni, who chose architect Giuseppe Sommaruga because of his anticonventional solutions. Castiglioni wanted the palace to reflect his wealth and grandeur; the choice of the Liberty style, a new and "trendy" style, for a building that would be located in the historic centre of Milan, was intended by Castiglioni and Sommaruga as a sort of challenge to the Milanese conservative élite. The most provocative element of the original design turned out to be a couple of nude female statues, by Ernesto Bazzaro, decorating the facade; these raised such turmoil that the local newspaper Guerin Meschino published a series of satyrical illustrations on them, and the Milanese population renamed the palace "Cà di ciapp" (in Milanese, "house of buttocks"). The statues, that were intended to represent "Peace" and "Industry", were eventually removed and are now used as decorations of another Milanese palace also by Sommaruga, the Villa Romeo Faccanoni on Via Michelangelo Buonarroti #48.
The furniture was destroyed by the US army that occupied it in 1945-46 and used it as wood for heating. Only decorations, facades, iron work and lamps were saved. The building was put under the protection of the Beaux Arts on March 5, 1957.
In 1967 the Castiglioni family sold the building to the Union of Commerce because of high costs of maintenance and a tax to finance the construction of the subway. Architect Eugenio Gerli and engineer Giorgio Keffer signed the project to transform it in an office building. They kept the entrance, the staircase, some large rooms on the first floor, the facades and the house on via Marina. The remaining part was emptied, an auditorium was built under the garden, a new building was built next to the house on via Marina. The Art Nouveau expert Rossana Bossaglia opposed the project and asked to use the building as Art Nouveau Museum. The superintendent approved the project because the Trader's Union of menaced to let the building deteriorate.
In the 150th anniversary of the birth and the 100th anniversary of the death of Arch. Sommaruga Confcomercio has organized a convention in the building on October 20, 2017, with an exhibit of pictures of the Castiglioni family and has opened it to free guided tours on October 21 and 22 ottobre from 10 am to 6 pm.