OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laverstoke Mill

Laverstoke Mill is a former paper mill located on the River Test in Laverstoke near Overton, Hampshire, England. The mill complex contains three Grade II listed buildings: the Mill House, Mill Cottages, and the Glazing House. After a major refurbishment between 2011 and 2013, the mill is now the distillery and visitor centre for Bombay Sapphire gin.

## History

Laverstoke Mill is recorded as far back as Domesday Book in 1086, in which a corn mill is recorded as being on the site. The site was leased by Henry Portal in 1718 and converted into a paper mill, becoming part of the Portals business. In the 1720s, Portal obtained the contract for the supply of paper to the Bank of England for use in banknotes, and the production of paper for currency and other secure uses would become the main use of the site. The site was expanded in 1842, and again in 1881, to allow for increased production. In 1860, new buildings, including the large India House, were built for a contract for the supply of paper for the Indian Rupee.
By the start of the 20th century, Laverstoke had become old fashioned and inefficient in comparison to other mills. In a report of 1920, Sir William Portal commented 'economy is a difficult word to introduce into Laverstoke Mills'. Instead, between 1920 and 1922, the company built a new mill, Overton Mill, in the nearby village of Overton. From the 1930s, Laverstoke increasingly specialised in research and development in the fields of engineering, manufacture and security. Paper making ceased at the site in 1963, and in 1972, the site was taken over by Patterson Candy, a subsidiary company who used it for the manufacture of water treatment equipment. Portals were taken over by De La Rue in 1995 and the site became vacant in 2005.
The mill was purchased by the Bombay Spirits Company in 2010. The new owners refurbished the site, reusing existing buildings for distilling and a visitor centre, café, bar and shop. New glasshouses, designed by the Heatherwick Studio, were constructed to display examples of the plants used for the gin botanicals. The River Test, which had been covered over as the mill expanded, was opened out to become a feature of the site again.

## Gallery

* The gatehouse before renovation, 2010
* The River Test with shop and bar to left, visitor centre ahead, 2015
* India House, housing the stills Victoria and Henry, 2016
* The glasshouses with visitor centre to left, 2016
* The glasshouses and the River Test, 2022
# Federation, Action for the Republic

Federation, Action for the Republic (French: Fédération, action pour la république, FAR/Parti Fédération) is a political party in Chad. It is considered a radical opposition party and is led by Ngarlejy Yorongar. The FAR supports federalism.
In the 1997 parliamentary election, the FAR won one seat in the National Assembly. Yorongar was the only FAR candidate to win a seat.
Its candidate for the 20 May 2001 presidential election, Yorongar, was a prominent critic of the Chad-Cameroon pipeline. According to official results, he won 396,864 votes, or 6.35%. Six opposition candidates were detained on May 30 after contesting the results. Yorongar, along with fellow opposition leader Abderhamane Djesnebaye, was tortured, including by being beaten with iron bars.
In the 2002 parliamentary election, the party won 10 out of 155 seats.
The party boycotted the 2006 presidential election.
The FAR was the only major opposition party to not sign a 2007 agreement that provided for improved electoral organization ahead of the next parliamentary election. Yorongar criticized the agreement as inadequate and said that there should instead be a dialogue involving the entire political scene, including rebels, the exiled opposition, and civil society, and that a credible election could not be conducted while a rebellion was taking place in part of the country.
# Trichromia atta

Trichromia atta is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1920. It is found in Guatemala and Honduras.
# Narine Aghabalyan

Narine Eduardi Aghabalyan (Armenian: Նարինե Էդուարդի Աղաբալյան, born 27 December 1967) is an Armenian journalist and politician who served in the Sahakyan government of the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh. She was the Minister of Culture and Youth from 2009 to 2017 and Minister of Education, Science and Sports from 2017 to 2020.

## Biography

Aghabalyan was born on 27 December 1967, in Stepanakert. She graduated from Stepanakert secondary school No. 2. In 1990, she graduated from the philological faculty of the Stepanakert branch of the Vanadzor Pedagogical Institute.
From 1988 to 1995, Aghabalyan worked as an announcer for Artsakh Public TV, and in 1995-2005 as an editor. By 2004, she became a correspondent for the Public Television Company of Armenia in NKR. In 2005, she founded her studio “Tsir Katin” (“Ծիր Կաթին”).
By decree of President Bako Sahakyan, on 15 June 2009, Aghabalyan was appointed Minister of Culture and Youth and reappointed on 22 September 2012. By the decree of Sahakyan on 25 September 2017, she was appointed Minister of Education, Science and Sports, replacing Slavik Asryan.

## Personal life

Aghabalyan was married to Edmon Barseghyan who was killed in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and has a son.

## Awards

In 2001, Aghabalyan was recognized by the National Assembly of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic as “Best Journalist of the Year.” In 2008, by decree of the President of Artsakh, she was awarded the “Vachagan Barepasht” medal (“Վաչագան Բարեպաշտ”).
# Bachri, Piro

Bachri is a village in Piro block of the Bhojpur district, Bihar, India. It is located south of Piro. As of 2011, its population was 3,476, in 583 households.
# Eric Bocoum

Eric Bocoum (born 16 March 1999) is a Gabonese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Persian Gulf Pro League club Gol Gohar.

## Career

On 31 March 2022, Bocoum was announced as a new signing by Istiklol, with the club confirming his departure at the end of his loan spell on 4 July 2022.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 21 December 2024
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gol Gohar | 2021–22 | Persian Gulf Pro League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Gol Gohar | 2022–23 | Persian Gulf Pro League | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 20 | 1 |
| Gol Gohar | 2023–24 | Persian Gulf Pro League | 24 | 1 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 28 | 1 |
| Gol Gohar | 2024–25 | Persian Gulf Pro League | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 12 | 0 |
| Gol Gohar | Total | Total | 59 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 2 |
| Istiklol (loan) | 2022 | Tajikistan Higher League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 60 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 71 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearances and goal in the AFC Champions League
* ↑ Appearances in the Tajik Supercup

## Honors

Istiklol
* Tajik Supercup: 2022
# Beattock Summit

Beattock Summit is the highest point of the West Coast Main Line (WCML) railway and of the A74(M) motorway as they cross between Dumfries and Galloway and South Lanarkshire in south west Scotland.
The height of the summit reached by the A74(M) motorway is 1,033 feet (315 m) above sea level. The adjacent railway reaches a slightly lower elevation of 1,016 feet (310 m). The summit is the watershed between the River Clyde to the north and Evan Water, a tributary of the River Annan to the south.

## Railway history

The summit is the highest point on the Caledonian Railway Main Line north of the border (built by the Caledonian Railway and opened on 15 February 1848), it is located 52 miles (83 km) south of Glasgow Central and 349 miles (558 km) north of London Euston stations. It is 62 miles (100 km) north of the second highest point on the WCML - Shap Summit in Cumbria.
The northbound climb has a 15 miles (24 km) ascent, with gradients of up to 1 in 69 (1 foot of rising or falling gradient for every 69 feet of distance) which made it a notoriously severe climb in the days of steam locomotives, which frequently required banking assistance to get their trains up the incline. There was an engine shed at Beattock which had banking locomotives on standby twenty-four hours per day to minimise train delays. The railway was electrified in 1974 by British Rail. The signal box at the summit was also removed as part of the electrification project, with the signalling now being controlled from a new power signal box at Motherwell.
The severity of the climb to the summit is referenced in W. H. Auden's poem Night Mail, written in 1936 for the G.P.O. Film Unit's celebrated production of the same name.
* Liverpool and Manchester to Glasgow express nearing Beattock Summit in 1957
* The Royal Scot approaches Beattock Summit in 1957
* Railway cutting near Beattock Summit

### Private station

The summit was the location of a private halt from 1900 to around 1926. 1966
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Auchencastle Line open; Station closed | | Caledonian Railway Main Line | | Elvanfoot Line open; Station closed |
# Emmanuel Delbousquet

Emmanuel-Bernard-Philipe Frédéric Delbousquet, French poet and novelist, was born on 27 April 1874 in Sos, Lot-et-Garonne, on the borders of the great Landes de Gascogne and Armagnac, where he died on 20 May 1909. He devoted his short life to this countryside which he loved, which he explored in many journeys on horseback, and which naturally became a recurring theme of his works, both in French and Occitan language.

## Life

During his short stay in Toulouse in 1891, at the seminary known as the Collège de l'Esquile, he became a member of a literary group, and with Louis Magre and Marc Lafargue he founded the first poetry magazine of the school of Toulouse which appeared in March 1892 and was entitled Les Essais de Jeunes, later becoming L'Effort in March 1896. They asserted their originality by repudiating the backward-looking romantic style, the decadent movement and the Symbolists. He also collaborated with La France de Bordeaux, Télégramme de Toulouse, l'A me Latine, la Revue Provinciale, la Revue Méridionale, l’Ermitage, and the Midi Fédéral, a weekly newspaper that had all major southern writers as collaborators, including Laurent Tailhade, Emile Pouvillen, Louis-Xavier de Ricard and Jean Carrère.
Aware of a southern poetry renaissance, the young poet also unites around him the enthusiasm of Joseph Bosc, Jean Viollis, Maurice Magre. Back in Sos, he tried an autobiographical novel entitled Le Reflet, written in 1901, but at the last moment he refused to publish this work considered too clumsy and bombastic. Preferring to translate his land, he developed a script under a more colorful and impressionistic palette. Mindful about realism, his hardworking efforts to recover occitan as language of origin and remembrance, under the leadership of his friend and master Antonin Perbosc, he intersperses his romantic work with gascon terms and expressions. However, it was necessary to wait for the posthumous publication of his collection of poems entitled Capbat Lana by Antonin Perbosc in 1924, for one to see the birth of the félibre Delbousquet.

## Literary works

* En les Landes, preface by René Ghil, Melle, 1892
* Eglogues, 1897
* Le Mazareilh, Paul Ollendorff - Paris, 1901
* Margot, Société provinciale d’édition - Toulouse, 1903
* L'Écarteur, romance, Ollendorff - Paris, 1904. Reed. David Chabas, Capbreton, 1974
* Miguette de Cante-Cigale, romance landais, Paris, 1908
* Le Chant de la race, Poems 1893-1907, Paris, 1908
* Contes de la lande gasconne, Paris, 1923
* Capbat la Lana, dans l'estampèl de Antonin Perbósc, 1924
* En Gascogne, Saint-Sever-sur-Adour, 1929
* Le Renard, story collection published in La France de Bordeaux from 1905 to 1907, Garein (40420, Labrit) : Ed. Ultreïa, 1990
* Œuvres complètes (Complete Works) Nérac : Amis du Vieux Nérac (Friends of Old Nerac), 5 vol., 2000-2002
# Punch Drunk Love

Punch Drunk Love may refer to:
* Punch-Drunk Love, a 2002 film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson
** Punch-Drunk Love (soundtrack), soundtrack album of the above film
* "Punch Drunk Love", song from the album Chapter 1. Dream Girl – The Misconceptions of You, by Shinee
# Operational Service Medal (Canada)

The Operational Service Medal (French: Médaille du service opérationnel) is a campaign medal created in 2010 by the Canadian monarch-in-Council to recognize members of the Canadian Forces, allied forces, Canadian police officers, or Canadian civilians working for the Canadian Forces who had directly participated in any military campaign under Canadian or allied command. It is, within the Canadian system of honours, the lowest of the war and operational service medals.

## Design

The Operational Service Medal is in the form of a 36 millimetres (1.4 in) diameter cupro-nickel disc with, on the obverse, the words ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA (Latin abbreviation for: Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen) and CANADA separated by small maple leaves and surrounding an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II wearing a Canadian diadem of maple leaves and snowflakes, symbolizing her roles as both fount of honour and Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces. On the reverse is a representation of the globe resting above two crossed branches of laurel and oak leaves and surmounted by a St. Edward's Crown that is flanked on both sides by three maple leaves on a single stem.
This medallion is worn at the left chest, suspended on a 31.8mm wide ribbon with thin, vertical stripes in Canada's official colours of red and white flanking a central band; the colour of the middle band reflects the specific theatre or task for which the medal is being awarded: sand for South-West Asia, light green for Sierra Leone, royal blue for Haiti, dark green for Sudan, white for Humanitas and light grey for Expedition.

## Eligibility and presentation

On 5 July 2010, Queen Elizabeth II, on the advice of her Cabinet under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, created the Operational Service Medal to recognize members of the Canadian Forces, allied foreign forces, Canadian police officers, or Canadian civilians working for the Canadian Forces who had served full-time in the theatre of war or peacekeeping, or participated in the support of such missions. The medal was first presented on 6 December 2010.
* Campaign
* Awarded for service in South-West Asia
* Awarded for service in Sierra Leone
* Awarded for service in Haiti
* Awarded for service in Sudan
* Awarded for service in humanitas missions
* Awarded for service in expedition missions
# 1986 World Lacrosse Championship

The 1986 World Lacrosse Championship was the fifth World Lacrosse Championship and was played in Toronto, Canada, from July 18–25, 1986. The United States defeated Canada 18-9 in the final to win the tournament.

## Results

| Team 1 | Team 2 | Score |
| Canada | England | 15-12 |
| United States | Canada | 21-11 |
| England | Australia | 11-17 |
| United States | Australia | 18-12 |
| United States | England | 32-8 |
| Canada | Australia | 17-14 |

## Standings

| Pos | Team | P | W | D | L | Pts |
| 1 | United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 | Canada | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Australia | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 4 | England | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |

## Third Place

Australia 22, England 6

## Final

United States 18, Canada 9

## Final standings

| Rank | Team |
| | United States |
| | Canada |
| | Australia |
| 4 | England |
# Courtenay Meredith

Courtenay Meredith (23 September 1926 – 30 May 2024) was a Welsh international rugby union prop who played club rugby for Neath. He won fourteen caps for Wales and also played for invitational club the Barbarians. Meredith was a powerful prop, and was much praised by second row players for his tight packing, which allowed them the opportunity to shove the opposition. He played both tight and loose head prop but preferred tight head.
On the 1955 British and Irish Lions Tour the all-Welsh front row of Billy Williams, Bryn Meredith and Courtenay Meredith was selected for a Lions test match. This did not occur again until June 2009 when Gethin Jenkins, Adam Jones and Matthew Rees were selected as the British and Irish Lions front row for the 2nd Test against South Africa.
Meredith celebrated his 95th birthday in 2021. He was the last survivor from Wales’ last triumph over New Zealand, the 13–8 victory at Cardiff Arms Park on 19 December 1953.
Meredith died on 30 May 2024, at the age of 97.
International matches played Wales
* England 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957
* France 1954, 1955
* Ireland 1954, 1955, 1956
* New Zealand 1953
* Scotland 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957
# Weak duality

In applied mathematics, weak duality is a concept in optimization which states that the duality gap is always greater than or equal to 0.
This means that for any minimization problem, called the primal problem, the solution to the primal problem is always greater than or equal to the solution to the dual maximization problem.$^{:225}$ Alternatively, the solution to a primal maximization problem is always less than or equal to the solution to the dual minimization problem. So, in short: weak duality states that any solution feasible for the dual problem is an upper bound to the solution of the primal problem.
Weak duality is in contrast to strong duality, which states that the primal optimal objective and the dual optimal objective are equal. Strong duality only holds in certain cases.

## Uses

Many primal-dual approximation algorithms are based on the principle of weak duality.

## Weak duality theorem

Consider a linear programming problem,
where $A$ is $m\times n$ and $b$ is $m\times 1$. The dual problem of (1) is
The weak duality theorem states that $c^{\top }x^{*}\leq b^{\top }y^{*}$ for every solution $x^{*}$ to the primal problem (1) and every solution $y^{*}$ to the dual problem (2).
Namely, if $(x_{1},x_{2},....,x_{n})$ is a feasible solution for the primal maximization linear program and $(y_{1},y_{2},....,y_{m})$ is a feasible solution for the dual minimization linear program, then the weak duality theorem can be stated as $\sum _{j=1}^{n}c_{j}x_{j}\leq \sum _{i=1}^{m}b_{i}y_{i}$, where $c_{j}$ and $b_{i}$ are the coefficients of the respective objective functions.
Proof:
c$^T$x = x$^T$c ≤ x$^T$A$^T$y ≤ b$^T$y

### Generalizations

More generally, if $x$ is a feasible solution for the primal maximization problem and $y$ is a feasible solution for the dual minimization problem, then weak duality implies $f(x)\leq g(y)$ where $f$ and $g$ are the objective functions for the primal and dual problems respectively.
# Žihobce

Žihobce is a municipality and village in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Žihobce consists of six municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Žihobce (267)
* Bešetín (11)
* Bílenice (73)
* Kadešice (53)
* Rozsedly (127)
* Šimanov (35)

## Geography

Žihobce is located about 31 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Klatovy and 60 km (37 mi) south of Plzeň. It lies in the Bohemian Forest Foothills. The highest point is on the slope of the Sedlo hill at 861 m (2,825 ft) above sea level. The municipal territory is rich in small fishponds.

## History

The first written mention of Žihobce is from 1045.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 2,047 | — |
| 1880 | 2,147 | +4.9% |
| 1890 | 2,085 | −2.9% |
| 1900 | 2,034 | −2.4% |
| 1910 | 2,180 | +7.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,021 | −7.3% |
| 1930 | 1,835 | −9.2% |
| 1950 | 1,325 | −27.8% |
| 1961 | 1,247 | −5.9% |
| 1970 | 1,076 | −13.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 903 | −16.1% |
| 1991 | 754 | −16.5% |
| 2001 | 669 | −11.3% |
| 2011 | 603 | −9.9% |
| 2021 | 566 | −6.1% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

Among the main landmarks of Žihobce is the church and the castle. The Church of the Transfiguration is a large Neo-Romanesque building. It was built in 1872–1876 on the site of an older church, which was first documented in 1360.
The Žihobce Castle was originall a Renaissance fortress from the beginning of the 17th century, rebuilt into a Baroque castle in 1688. Next to the castle is a landscape park. Today the castle houses a school and museum.

## Gallery

* Church of the Transfiguration
* Centre with statue of Saint John of Nepomuk
# Haplostachys haplostachya

Haplostachys haplostachya is a rare species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names honohono or Hawaiian mint. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is now limited to the island of Hawaii and has been extirpated from Kauai and Maui. It has been on the United States' endangered species list since 1979.
Haplostachys haplostachya is probably the only one of the five Haplostachya species that is not now extinct, so it may be the only member of a monotypic genus. There are now fewer than 20,000 individual plants in scattered fragmented populations remaining at Kipukakalawamauna on the Pohakuloa Plateau, the site of the Pohakuloa Training Area. At one time, the plant was not uncommon on the slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea. Destruction of the habitat by feral ungulates, military construction, consequences of military activity such as dust and fires, introduced plant species, and deforestation have fragmented the plant's distribution and reduced it to its present low numbers. This fragmentation has also led to physical and reproductive isolation in the smaller, more isolated populations, causing a genetic bottleneck.
This is a perennial shrub which grows to 1.5 meters tall. The square stems are lined with fleshy, woolly, somewhat heart-shaped leaves. The inflorescence is a showy raceme of fragrant, woolly white flowers each up to 2 centimeters long. The herbage lacks the minty taste and scent of other mints.
Though there are few wild specimens left, the honohono is cultivated and kept as a garden plant in Hawaii.
# Hibiscadelphus woodii

Hibiscadelphus woodii, or Wood's hau kuahiwi, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae endemic to Kauai, Hawaii.

## Description

It is a small tree, reaching a height of 2.5–5 m (8.2–16.4 ft).

## Distribution and habitat

Hibiscadelphus woodii inhabits basalt scree and cliff walls in ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) dominated mixed mesic forests at an elevation of 915 m (3,002 ft) in the Kalalau Valley. Associated plants include koʻokoʻolau (Bidens sandvicensis), ʻāhinahina (Artemisia australis), alani (Melicope pallida), naʻenaʻe (Dubautia spp.), ʻānaunau (Lepidium serra), nehe (Lipochaeta spp.), kolokolo kuahiwi (Lysimachia glutinosa), Carex meyenii, ʻakoko (Euphorbia spp.), manono (Hedyotis spp.), kuluʻī (Nototrichium spp.), Panicum lineale, kōlea (Myrsine spp.), Stenogyne campanulata, Lobelia niihauensis, and Mann's bluegrass (Poa mannii).

## Conservation

It was discovered in 1991 and described as a new species in 1995. Only four individuals were found at that time; three of those were crushed by a boulder and died between 1995 and 1998, and the last was found dead in 2011. Pollen was found to be inviable, no fruit set was ever observed and all attempts at propagation, including by cross-pollination with H. distans, failed. It was later assessed as extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2016, but three individuals were rediscovered in 2019 by the National Tropical Botanical Garden. The plants were growing out of a steep cliff and were found using drones.