# Peucedanum

Peucedanum is a genus of flowering plant in the carrot family, Apiaceae. Peucedanum boasts a global presence with diverse spread of morphological features. Peucedanum species are characterized by dorsally compressed mericarps, slightly prominent dorsal ribs, narrowly winged lateral ribs, and a broad commissure. However, the vast diversity of morphology, fruit forms, and phytochemical production makes classifying species in the Peucedanum challenging. Historically relevant in traditional medicine, Peucedanum's taxonomic complexity arises from its extensive diversity.
Peucedanum's taxonomy is being reshaped by novel genomic insights, prompting ongoing revisions with promising implications for ethnopharmacological research and the broader understanding of plant biodiversity. These efforts hold potential for advancements in therapeutic discoveries and contribute to the ecological significance of this globally diverse genus.

## Taxonomy

Recent genomic analyses have indicated Peucedanum's non-monophyletic nature, prompting revisions in its taxonomic classification. Once considered among the largest genera of the Apiaceae, taxonomic revisions, informed by genomic and phytochemical analyses, have reduced the estimated number of Peucedanum species to approximately 74. Molecular phylogenetic studies have identified fifteen mutation hotspots in the Peucedanum genome, providing potential markers for accurate species classification. Ongoing taxonomic revisions, guided by genetic insights, aim to enhance accuracy and facilitate the discovery of new Peucedanum species.

### Species

As of January 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
* Peucedanum adae Woronow
* Peucedanum akaliniae Akpulat, Gürdal & Tuncay
* Peucedanum alpinum (Sieber ex Schult.) B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis
* Peucedanum alsaticum L.
* Peucedanum ampliatum K.T.Fu
* Peucedanum anamallayense C.B.Clarke
* Peucedanum austriacum (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch
* Peucedanum autumnale (J.Thiébaut) Bernardi
* Peucedanum belutschistanicum H.Wolff
* Peucedanum cervaria (L.) Lapeyr.
* Peucedanum cervariifolium C.A.Mey.
* Peucedanum ceylanicum Gardner
* Peucedanum chujaense K.Kim, S.H.Oh, Chan S.Kim & C.W.Park
* Peucedanum cordatum Balf.f.
* Peucedanum coreanum Nakai
* Peucedanum coriaceum Rchb.
* Peucedanum dehradunense Babu
* Peucedanum dhana Buch.-Ham. ex C.B.Clarke
* Peucedanum dielsianum Fedde ex H.Wolff
* Peucedanum dissolutum (Diels) H.Wolff
* Peucedanum gabrielae R.Frey
* Peucedanum gallicum Latourr.
* Peucedanum guangxiense R.H.Shan & M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum guvenianum Yıldırım & H.Duman
* Peucedanum harry-smithii Fedde ex H.Wolff
* Peucedanum henryi H.Wolff
* Peucedanum hispanicum (Boiss.) Endl.
* Peucedanum huangshanense Lu Q.Huang, H.S.Peng & S.S.Chu
* Peucedanum hyrcanicum H.Gholiz., Naqinezhad & Mozaff.
* Peucedanum insolens Kitag.
* Peucedanum japonicum Thunb.
* Peucedanum lancifolium Lange
* Peucedanum latifolium (M.Bieb.) DC.
* Peucedanum ledebourielloides K.T.Fu
* Peucedanum longshengense R.H.Shan & M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum lowei (Coss.) Menezes
* Peucedanum mashanense R.H.Shan & M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum medicum Dunn
* Peucedanum miroense K.Kim, H.J.Suh & J.H.Song
* Peucedanum morisonii Besser ex Schult.
* Peucedanum muliense M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum multivittatum Maxim.
* Peucedanum nagpurense (C.B.Clarke) Prain
* Peucedanum nanum R.H.Shan & M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum nepalense P.K.Mukh.
* Peucedanum officinale L.
* Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench
* Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J.Koch
* Peucedanum ozhatayiorum Akpulat & Akalın
* Peucedanum palustre (L.) Moench
* Peucedanum parkinsonii Fedde ex H.Wolff
* Peucedanum pimenovii Mozaff.
* Peucedanum pradeepianum K.M.P.Kumar, Hareesh & Balach.
* Peucedanum puberulum (Turcz.) Turcz. ex Schischk.
* Peucedanum rablense (Wulfen) W.D.J.Koch
* Peucedanum rochelianum Heuff.
* Peucedanum ruthenicum M.Bieb.
* Peucedanum sandwicense Hillebr.
* Peucedanum shanianum F.L.Chen & Y.F.Deng
* Peucedanum siamicum Craib
* Peucedanum songpanense R.H.Shan & F.T.Pu
* Peucedanum tauricum M.Bieb.
* Peucedanum tongkangense K.Kim, H.J.Suh & J.H.Song
* Peucedanum vaginatum Ledeb.
* Peucedanum venetum (Spreng.) W.D.J.Koch
* Peucedanum verticillare (L.) W.D.J.Koch ex DC.
* Peucedanum violaceum R.H.Shan & M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum vogelianum Emb. & Maire
* Peucedanum vourinense (Leute) Hartvig
* Peucedanum wawrae (H.Wolff) S.W.Su ex M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum winkleri H.Wolff
* Peucedanum wulongense R.H.Shan & M.L.Sheh
* Peucedanum yunnanense H.Wolff
* Peucedanum zedelmeierianum Manden.

### Former species

Species formerly classified as Peucedanum include:
| Former accepted name | Year assigned | Currently accepted name | Year reclassified | Additional synonyms in genus |
| Peucedanum abyssinicum Vatke | 1876 | Afrosciadium abyssinicum (Vatke) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum silaifolium Hiern (1877) |
| Peucedanum afrum Meisn. | 1987 | Afrosciadium afrum (Meisn.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum connatum E.Mey. ex Sond. (1862) Peucedanum meisnerianum MacOwan ex Engl. (1921) |
| Peucedanum angustisectum (Engl.) Norman | | Lefebvrea angustisecta Engl. | | |
| Peucedanum articulatum C.C.Towns. | 1987 | Afrosciadium articulatum (C.C.Towns.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum camerunense Jacq.-Fél. | | Lefebvrea angustisecta Engl. | |
| Peucedanum dispersum C.C.Towns. | 1987 | Afrosciadium dispersum (C.C.Towns.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum dissectum (C.H.Wright) Dawe, nom. illeg. | 1906 | Afrosciadium kerstenii (Engl.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 |
| Peucedanum englerianum H.Wolff | 1927 | Afrosciadium englerianum (H.Wolff) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum eylesii C.Norman | 1932 | Afrosciadium eylesii (C.Norman) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum friesiorum H.Wolff | 1927 | Afrosciadium friesiorum (H.Wolff) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum aberderense H.Wolff (1927) |
| Peucedanum galbanum (L.) Magee | 1898 | Notobubon galbanum (L.) Drude | 2008 | Peucedanum galbanum var. dentatum Kuntze (1898) Peucedanum galbanum var. incisodentatum Kuntze (1898) Peucedanum rhombifolium Stokes (1812) |
| Peucedanum gossweileri C.Norman | 1922 | Afrosciadium gossweileri (C.Norman) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum harmsianum H.Wolff | 1927 | Afrosciadium harmsianum (H.Wolff) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum canaliculatum Verdc. (1954) |
| Peucedanum kerstenii Engl. | 1894 | Afrosciadium kerstenii (Engl.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum dissectum (C.H.Wright) Dawe (1906) Peucedanum mildbraedii H.Wolff (1912) Peucedanum wrightii M.Hiroe (1979) |
| Peucedanum kupense I.Darbysh. & Cheek | | Lefebvrea angustisecta Engl. | |
| Peucedanum lundense Cannon | 1970 | Afrosciadium lundense (Cannon) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum lynesii C.Norman | 1936 | Afrosciadium lynesii (C.Norman) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum magalismontanum Sond. | 1862 | Afrosciadium magalismontanum (Sond.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum schlechteri Engl. (1921) Peucedanum schlechterianum H.Wolff (1912) |
| Peucedanum natalense (Sond.) Engl. | 1921 | Afrosciadium natalense (Sond.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum nyassicum H.Wolff | 1912 | Afrosciadium nyassicum (H.Wolff) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | Peucedanum doctoris C.Norman (1928) Peucedanum monticola C.Norman (1928) |
| Peucedanum silaus L. | 1753 | Silaum silaus (L.) Schinz & Thell. | 1915 |
| Peucedanum platycarpum Sond. | 1862 | Afrosciadium platycarpum (Sond.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum rhodesicum Cannon | 1976 | Afrosciadium rhodesicum (Cannon) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |
| Peucedanum trisectum C.C.Towns. | 1976 | Afrosciadium trisectum (C.C.Towns.) P.J.D.Winter | 2008 | |

## Distribution

Spanning from Madeira to the Hawaiian islands, Peucedanum's expansive geographical range has necessitated reclassification of African Peucedanoid species based on nuanced taxonomy incorporating genetic, morphological, habit, and seasonality considerations.

## Medicinal potential

Peucedanum's medicinal significance, especially in treating antimicrobial-resistant infections, underscores the need for accurate taxonomy. Species like Peucedanum graveolens, Peucedanum japonicum, and Peucedanum ostruthium exhibit antimicrobial properties, suggesting potential as alternative treatments as a compliment to antibiotics in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.