OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palmomental reflex

The palmomental reflex (PMR) or Marinescu-Radovici Sign or Kinn reflex or Marinescu Reflex is a primitive reflex consisting of a twitch of the chin muscle elicited by stroking a specific part of the palm. It is present in infancy and disappears as the brain matures during childhood but may reappear due to processes that disrupt the normal cortical inhibitory pathways. Therefore, it is an example of a frontal release sign.

## Eliciting and observing response

The thenar eminence is stroked briskly with a thin stick, from proximal (edge of wrist) to distal (base of thumb) using moderate pressure. A positive response is considered if there is a single visible twitch of the ipsilateral mentalis muscle (chin muscle on the same side as the hand tested).

## Clinical relevance

In their seminal 1920 paper, Gheorghe Marinescu and Anghel Radovici hypothesized that both the afferent (receptive) and efferent (motor) arms of the reflex are on the same side (ipsilateral) to the hand stimulated; this hypothesis remains unsubstantiated.
The PMR has been found to be present more frequently in various neurological conditions, both localized and diffuse. These include congenital conditions such as Down syndrome, where it is unclear whether the reflex persists throughout life, or disappears and then re-appears in association with the onset of Alzheimer disease pathology. The reflex is common in the elderly population and should not be taken as indicative of a dementing process.
A study conducted in a neurosurgical in-patient population showed there is no significant association between the side of the reflex and the side of the hemispheric lesion in patients with unilateral (one-sided) reflexes and unilateral (one-sided) lesions.
Primitive reflexes such as the PMR were classically viewed as signs of disorders that affect the frontal lobes; this traditional view is questionable, as the reflex has been noted, for example, in cases of one-sided temporal lobe pathology.
# Charly Ndjoume

Charly Ndjoume (born 11 November 1986) is a Cameroonian swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Gonzalo Ramiro del Castillo Crespo

Gonzalo Ramiro de Jesús María del Castillo Crespo (20 September 1936 – 14 January 2019) was a Bolivian Roman Catholic bishop.

## Early life

Del Castillo Crespo was born in Bolivia and was ordained to the priesthood in 1964. He served as titular bishop of Themisonium and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Paz, Bolivia, from 1983 to 2000 and as bishop of the Military Ordinariate of Bolivia from 2000 to 2012.
# Oregon's 29th Senate district

District 29 of the Oregon State Senate comprises all of Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, and Wheeler counties as well as parts of Clackamas, Jefferson, Marion, and Wasco counties. The district is composed of Oregon House districts 57 and 58. It is currently represented by Republican Todd Nash of Enterprise.

## Election results

District boundaries have changed over time. Therefore, senators before 2021 may not represent the same constituency as today. From 1993 until 2003, it covered parts of northeastern Oregon; from 2003 until 2013, it covered Morrow, Umatilla, Union, and Wallowa counties in northeastern Oregon; and from 2013 until 2023, it expanded to cover Gilliam and Sherman counties as well as parts of eastern Wasco County.
The current district is very similar to its previous iterations, adding south Wasco County as well as the Warm Springs Indian Reservation and Mt. Jefferson, which added lands in Clackamas, Marion, and Jefferson counties.
The results are as follows:
| Year | Candidate | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent |
| 1984 | Michael G. Thorne | Democratic | 72.5% | James D. Frisbie | Republican | 27.5% |
| 1988 | Michael G. Thorne | Democratic | 100.0% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| 1992 | Gordon H. Smith | Republican | 58.3% | Scott Duff | Democratic | 41.7% |
| 1996 | David Nelson | Republican | 100.0% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| 2000 | David Nelson | Republican | 71.9% | Bill George Duncan | Democratic | 28.1% |
| 2004 | David Nelson | Republican | 98.1% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| 2008 | David Nelson | Republican | 98.1% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| 2012 | Bill Hansell | Republican | 68.4% | Antone Minthorn | Democratic | 31.3% |
| 2016 | Bill Hansell | Republican | 80.3% | Barbara Dickerson | Independent | 19.4% |
| 2020 | Bill Hansell | Republican | 75.9% | Mildred O'Callaghan | Democratic | 23.9% |
| 2024 | Todd Nash | Republican | 81.5% | Tania Wildbill | Nonaffiliated | 18.1% |
# Sopore Fruit Market

The Sopore Fruit Market (Mandi) is the biggest economic hub for Kashmir. The yearly turnover is approximately Rs 3000 Crore. It is the largest wholesale fruit market in Kashmir, and the second-largest in Asia after Azadpur in Delhi.
It was founded by Ghulam Mustafa in the year 1988.
# Macra na Feirme

Macra na Feirme (Irish pronunciation:; officially meaning 'Stalwarts of the land') is an Irish voluntary rural youth organisation. The organisation provides a social outlet for members in sport, travel, public speaking, performing arts, community involvement and agriculture.
The organisation rebranded in September 2022 by shortening the name of the rural youth body to Macra.

## History

It was founded in 1944 by Stephen Cullinan, a rural science teacher. The organisation's original purpose was to provide young farmers with adequate training to ensure their livelihood and to provide an outlet for socialising in rural areas. Athy Town Hall became the national headquarters of the organisation in September 1947.
Macra na Feirme was involved in the establishment of:
* Irish Farmers Journal
* Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers Association
* Foróige (up to 1982 known as Macra na Tuaithe)
* National Farmers' Association (now the Irish Farmers' Association)
* Farm Apprenticeship Scheme
* IFAC Accountants (formerly Irish Farm Accounts Co-op)
* FRS Network (formerly National Co-operative Farm Relief services Ltd)
Since its foundation, over 250,000 young people have passed through the ranks of Macra na Feirme.
As of August 2016, Macra na Feirme had approximately 8,000 members in clubs around Ireland.
# Jonathan Carlsbogård

Jonathan Carlsbogård (born 19 April 1995) is a Swedish professional handball player for FC Barcelona and the Sweden national team.
At club level, Carlsbogård has won seven titles playing for clubs in Germany and Spain. With the Sweden national team, he won the 2022 European Championship, placed second at the 2021 World Championship and finished third at the 2024 European Championship. In 2023, Carlsbogård received the Swedish Handball Player of the Year award by the Swedish Handball Association.

## Honours
### Club

TBV Lemgo
* DHB-Pokal
** Gold: 2020
* DHB-Supercup
** Silver: 2021
FC Barcelona
* EHF Champions League
** Gold: 2024
** Bronze: 2023
* Liga ASOBAL
** Gold: 2023, 2024
* Copa ASOBAL
** Gold: 2023, 2024
* Copa del Rey
** Gold: 2023, 2024
* Supercopa Ibérica
** Gold: 2022, 2023
* IHF Super Globe
** Silver: 2022
** Bronze: 2023

### International

* IHF World Championship
** Silver: 2021
* EHF European Championship
** Gold: 2022
** Bronze: 2024

### Individual awards

* Swedish Handballer of the Year: 2023
# A Little Suite for Christmas, A.D. 1979

A Little Suite for Christmas, A.D. 1979 is a composition for piano, written by American composer George Crumb, written in 1980. The suite is conceptually related to the Nativity frescoes of the Arena Chapel in Padua, Italy. This private chapel, painted by Giotto (finished in 1305), traces, through a series of separate panels, the lineage and conception of Jesus Christ, incidents in his life and his crucifixion and resurrection.

## Parts

* The Visitation
* Berceuse for the Infant Jesu
* The Shepherd's Noël
* Adoration of the Magi
* Nativity Dance
* Canticle of the Holy Night
* Carol of the Bells
# John Howes

John Forman Howes (June 19, 1924 – February 4, 2017) was a Professor of Asian Studies at the University of British Columbia (UBC) for over three decades.

## Biography

Howes began his studies of the Japanese language in 1944 at the I.T.S. Naval School of Oriental Languages, and served as a translator in the general headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Occupation of Japan. Returning to the United States, he obtained an undergraduate degree at Oberlin College, and then an MA from Columbia University with a thesis entitled "Uchimura Kanzō; a biographical sketch", followed by a 1965 Ph.D for "Japan's enigma, the young Uchimura Kanzō". Even before completing his doctoral work, in 1961, he joined the Department of Asian Studies at the University of British Columbia, rising to the rank of Professor, and then Emeritus Professor. After retirement from UBC, he taught at Obirin University, near Tokyo.

## Academic work

Howes was a specialist in modern Japanese intellectual history, concentrating on its Christian and pacifist thinkers, particularly Uchimura Kanzō (1861-1930) and Nitobe Inazō (1862-1933).
He published the following books:
* Japan's Modern Prophet: Uchimura Kanzō, 1861-1930. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2005. According to WorldCat, the book is held in 600 libraries.
* (editor) Nitobe Inazô: Japan's Bridge Across the Pacific. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.
* (with Nobuya Bamba) Pacifism in Japan: The Christian and Socialist Tradition (Vancouver: UBC Press and Kyoto: Minerva Press, 1978). According to WorldCat, the book is held in 498 libraries
* Tradition in Transition, The Modernization of Japan (New York: Macmillan, 1975),
* Japanese Religion in the Meiji Era (Tokyo: Ministry of Education, 1956).
He also edited two volumes for the Japan Foundation: the 1983 Directory of Japan Specialists in Canada and Japan Studies in Canada, 1987.

## Community work

In 2003, Howes was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun by the Emperor of Japan for his contributions to the Canada-Japan community.
# Chak Tok Ichʼaak I

Chak Tok Ichʼaak I also known as Great Paw, Great Jaguar Paw, and Toh Chak Ichʼak (died 14 January 378) was an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on 7 August 360 and reigned until his death in 378, apparently at the hands of invaders from central Mexico.
Born to Kʼinich Muwaan Jol and Lady Bahlam Way, Chak Tok Ichʼaak I is one of Tikal's best known kings. His name is recorded on a number of ceramic pieces and stelae. Stela 39, which was discovered by archaeologists in the Mundo Perdido complex, was produced to commemorate the Kʼatun ending in 376. It depicts the king standing upon a bound captive while holding an ax decorated with jaguar markings that was probably used as either a weapon or an instrument of sacrifice.
His name also appears on the fragmentary Stela 26 from Tikal's North Acropolis, which he may have dedicated. Both stelae were deliberately smashed soon after being dedicated. Another stela from the distant site of El Temblor may have been created to mark his accession to power, but it is possible that it may instead have been dedicated to a namesake.
His palace was located in the Central Acropolis and was identified from a carved clay vessel which had been interred under the western staircase as part of a dedication ritual. Unusually, it was never built over by later rulers, and was kept in repair for centuries as an apparently revered monument.
Stela 31 from Tikal records that Chak Tok Ichʼaak I died on the same day that Siyaj Kʼakʼ, probably a war-leader from Teotihuacan, entered Tikal. The arrival of Siyaj Kʼakʼ probably represented a forcible takeover, perhaps a conquest, which resulted in the death of Chak Tok Ichʼaak I. The dead ruler's entire lineage was overthrown and a new line of rulers took power in their place, starting with Yax Nuun Ahiin I.
Chak Tok Ic'haak's history is referenced in the fiction novel, The Legend of the Jaguar King by Anand Jay, where the protagonist, Ayush Mahavir, travels into the Mayan Underworld in search of an item belonging to the legendary Mayan King.

## Death

On January 14, 378, Chak Tok Ichʼaak I could've been killed by an army invading from Teotihuacan.
# Chrysanthemums (film)

Chrysanthemums (Russian: Хризантемы) is a 1914 short film directed by Pyotr Chardynin.

## Plot

The film tells about the ballerina Vera Nevolina, the enamored big debtor Vladimir. Vera wants to help Vladimir repay his debts and offers him her jewels, but Vladimir starts courting a young and rich widow in the hope that she will marry him and he will pay off with all his debts.

## Starring

* Vera Karalli as Vera Alekseevna Nevolina, the dancer
* Ivan Mozzhukhin as Vladimir
* Raisa Reyzen as Widow (as R. Reisen)
* Sofya Goslavskaya (as S. Goslavskaya)
* Lidiya Tridenskaya
* Aleksandr Kheruvimov as Administrator of the theatre

## Remake

In 2009 an amateur remake of the film was made — a picture "Pietà" (film studio "Decadence", St. Petersburg)
# Miroslava Duma

Miroslava Vasilyevna Duma (Russian: Мирослава Васильевна Дума; born 10 March 1985) is a Russian digital entrepreneur and investor in international fashion. She is also the founder of Buro 24/7, a digital company, and the CEO and founder of Future Tech Lab, a venture capital fund.

## Early life

Duma was born on 10 March 1985 in Surgut, Russian SFSR, shortly after her family moved there from Ukraine. Her father, Vasiliy Duma, was a senator in the Russian Federation until 2011. From 1997 to 1998, he headed a department of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and he was later president of LUKOIL-Transnefteprodukt.

## Personal life

Miroslava was married to Aleksey Mikheev, a Russian entrepreneur and son of Russian oligarch Aleksandr Mikheyev. They have three children.

## Education

Duma graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) in 2008 with a Master's degree in International Business and Business Administration.

## Career

Duma was an editor at Harper's Bazaar. She moved into freelance writing, working for magazines including Vogue, Tatler, ForbesWoman and Glamour (Russian versions).
Duma founded Buro 24/7 in 2011, a website for art, architecture, cinema, fashion, music and style. In July 2017, Buro 24/7 acquired a majority stake in the fashion magazine System.
In 2016, Duma co-founded The Tot, a children's fashion company, with Nasiba Adilova.
In 2017, Duma founded Future Tech Lab (FTL), an investment and technology company.
In 2018, Duma was removed from the board of The Tot and Buro 24/7, after she shared a note on Instagram from fashion designer Ulyana Sergeenko containing a racial slur, and after a video was released of her making transphobic comments. Duma publicly apologized after the incidents.
Duma has invested in Reformation (a greenfashion brand), Dropel Fabrics, RewardStyle, and Finery. Duma was a member of the advisory board of Diamond Foundry of San Francisco in 2016.
Duma joined New York Fashion Tech Labs as a mentor. The NYFTL is a twelve-week program for fashion technology startups.
Duma is one of the founders of PANGAIA, the materials science lifestyle apparel company.

## International speaker

Miroslava has featured as a keynote speaker and a panelist at Web Summit, Founders Forum, Slush, Financial Times Business of Luxury, Alibaba Global Women Entrepreneurship Forum in China, St Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF), The Copenhagen Fashion Summit, DLD conference in Munich, Vogue Fashion Festival in London, Nikkei Pioneers Asia in Japan, and New York Academy of Sciences: The Change Fashion Challenge.
# Ecumenical Centre

The Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland, is located in the vicinity of the International Labour Organization, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and the World Health Organization and serves as the base for the following church organizations:
* ACT Alliance
* Ecumenical Church Loan Fund
* Lutheran World Federation
* World Student Christian Federation
* World Council of Churches
It formerly also served as the headquarters of:
* Conference of European Churches, now based in Brussels
* Ecumenical News International, now defunct
* World Communion of Reformed Churches, seat since 2014 in Hannover, Germany
# 1895 Penn Quakers football team

The 1895 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1895 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach George Washington Woodruff, the Quakers compiled a 14–0 record, shut out 10 of 14 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 480 to 24.
There was no contemporaneous system in 1895 for determining a national champion. However, Penn was retroactively named as the national champion by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and National Championship Foundation, and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis.
Four Penn players were consensus first-team selections on the 1895 All-American football team: halfback George H. Brooke; center Alfred E. Bull; end Charlie Gelbert; and guard Charles Wharton. Brooke, Gelbert, and Wharton were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | | Swarthmore | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 40–0 | 1,500–2,000 |
| October 2 | 3:30 p.m. | Bucknell | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 40–0 | |
| October 5 | | Franklin & Marshall | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 42–0 | |
| October 9 | | at Crescent Athletic Club | Eastern ParkBrooklyn, NY | W 32–0 | < 500 |
| October 14 | | Lehigh | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 54–0 | |
| October 16 | | Carlisle | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 36–0 | |
| October 19 | | Virginia | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 54–0 | 1,500 |
| October 23 | | at Duquesne Country and Athletic Club | Exposition ParkPittsburgh, PA | W 30–0 | 4,000 |
| October 26 | | Lafayette | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 30–0 | 8,500 |
| October 30 | | Brown | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 12–0 | |
| November 1 | | Chicago Athletic Association | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 12–4 | |
| November 9 | | Penn State | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 35–4 | 5,000 |
| November 23 | | at Harvard | Soldiers FieldCambridge, MA (rivalry) | W 17–14 | |
| November 28 | | Cornell | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA (rivalry) | W 46–2 | 20,000 |
# Kaido Kalm

Kaido Kalm (born March 24, 1965) is an Estonian ice sledge hockey player.
He was part of the Estonian sledge hockey team at the 1998 Winter Paralympics in Nagano (4th place) and at the 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City (6th place).
# Magarao Church

Saint Anne Parish Church, commonly known as Magarao Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in Magarao, Camarines Sur. It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Caceres.
The first church was destroyed during an earthquake in 1811. The second church, built with nipa and bamboo, was destroyed in 1826. The present church was completed in 1849.
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared it a national landmark and installed a historical marker on the church's facade in 1939.
# Wayampipukú language

Wayampipukú is a Tupian language, more specifically, a Northern Tupi–Guarani language. The language is very closely related to Wayampi.
# Debora LMP2000

The Debora LMP2000 was a Le Mans Prototype, built by Debora in 2000 for use in the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Sports Racing World Cup. The car was initially fitted with a 3.2-litre BMW straight-six engine, but had a 3-litre BMW straight-six fitted for the Sports Racing World Cup. One chassis is known to have been built.

## Racing history

The Debora LMP2000 was initially entered in the test session for the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2000 by Didier Bonnet Racing, but did not actually run in the session. Didier Bonnet Racing selected Patrick Lemarié, Yann Goudy and Jean-François Yvon to drive in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race, with the car competing in the LMP675 class, and fitted with a 3.2-litre BMW/Mader straight-six engine. However, after just under two hours, and having completed 24 laps, the team were forced to retire, as the engine had developed an oil leak. Debora and Didier Bonnet Racing lodged a joint-entry for the Brno round of the Sports Racing World Cup (SRWC), but did not actually compete. Didier Bonnet Racing entered Yvon and David Dussau in the following round of the SRWC, held at Donington Park, having fitted a 3-litre BMW straight-six engine in the car; the team finished in eighth overall, and third in the SRL class. Pascal Fabre replaced Dussau for the Nürburgring round, and the team finished 16th overall, and fifth in the SRL class. Goudy partnered Fabre for the penultimate round of the season, held at Magny-Cours; a gearbox failure after 36 minutes, and 21 laps, forced the team to retire. The team did not enter the final round of the season, held at Kyalami; and the car was not used again. Didier Bonnet Racing finished the Sports Racing World Cup season classified joint-tenth in the SRL category, with 20 points; level with Sports Racing Team Sweden and Scuderia Giudici.
# Anchovia clupeoides

Anchovia clupeoides, the Zabaleta anchovy, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 30.0 cm (11.8 in).
# Innocent Lies

Innocent Lies is a 1995 thriller film directed by Patrick Dewolf and starring Stephen Dorff, Gabrielle Anwar, Adrian Dunbar and Joanna Lumley. It is a loose adaptation of the 1944 Agatha Christie novel Towards Zero. Keira Knightley, appearing in her film debut, had an early role playing the younger version of Celia Graves, the character portrayed by Anwar.

## Synopsis

A British policeman travels to France in 1938, to investigate the death of one of his colleagues. He becomes interested by a family of wealthy Britons who live in luxury in a French coastal resort, and who were heavily involved with the dead man. He soon uncovers a number of dark secrets which the family has tried to conceal.

## Cast

* Stephen Dorff - Jeremy Graves
* Gabrielle Anwar - Celia Graves
* Adrian Dunbar - Alan Cross
* Sophie Aubry - Solange Montfort
* Joanna Lumley - Lady Helena Graves
* Florence Hoath - Angela Cross
* Alexis Denisof - Christopher Wood
* Marianne Denicourt - Maud Graves
* Melvil Poupaud - Louis Bernard
* Bernard Haller - Georges Montfort
* Rosalind Bennett - Janet Blain
* Donal McCann - Joe Green (Uncredited)
In addition, Keira Knightley portrays a young Celia, while brothers Robin and Tobias Saunders appear as Celia's brothers.
# Upper Pirkanmaa

Upper Pirkanmaa is a subdivision of Pirkanmaa and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Population | Land area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) | Finnish speakers | Swedish speakers | Other speakers |
| Juupajoki | 1,667 | 258 | 6 | 100 % | 0.2 % | 2 % |
| Ruovesi | 4,073 | 777 | 5 | 98 % | 0.3 % | 3 % |
| Mänttä-Vilppula | 9,311 | 535 | 17 | 96 % | 0.2 % | 4 % |
| Virrat | 6,199 | 1,163 | 5 | 98 % | 0.1 % | 3 % |
| Total | 21,250 | 2,733 | 8 | 97 % | 0.2 % | 3 % |

## Politics

Results of the 2018 Finnish presidential election:
* Sauli Niinistö 63.6%
* Laura Huhtasaari 8.5%
* Paavo Väyrynen 7.8%
* Pekka Haavisto 6.2%
* Matti Vanhanen 5.4%
* Tuula Haatainen 4.8%
* Merja Kyllönen 3.4%
* Nils Torvalds 0.3%
* This Western Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Serow, Iran

Serow (Persian: سرو) is a city in, and the capital of, Sumay-ye Beradust District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Language and ethnicity

Serow is populated by two distinct communities. The first are the Kurds who speak Kurmanji Kurdish and follow Sunni Islam. The second are the Azerbaijanis who speak Azeri Turkish and follow Shia Islam.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 1,508 in 279 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,530 people in 331 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,800 people in 469 households.

## Geography

Situated on the border with Turkey, it has a border crossing linking it with the Turkish town of Esendere.