OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Haldimand

William Haldimand (9 September 1784 – 20 September 1862) was an English philanthropist, director of the Bank of England, and Member of Parliament. He was the brother of Jane Marcet, a popular writer on science and economics.

## Life

He was the son of Anthony Francis Haldimand (1741–1817), a London merchant, nephew and heir of Sir Frederick Haldimand. He was one of twelve children, most of whom died young, and was born in London 9 September 1784. At sixteen he entered his father's counting-house, showed talent for business, and at twenty-five became a director of the Bank of England.
Haldimand was an advocate of the resumption of specie payments, and gave evidence in the parliamentary inquiry which led to the Resumption of Cash Payments, etc. Act 1819 (59 Geo. 3. c. 49). In 1820 he was elected Member of Parliament for Ipswich, and was re-elected in 1826, but when the return was disputed he gave up the seat.
In 1828 Haldimand settled permanently at his summer villa, Denantou, near Lausanne. He supported Greek independence, sending the insurgents of the Greek War of Independence funds by his nephew, and guaranteeing Admiral Thomas Cochrane £20,000 to equip a fleet. A visit to Aix-les-Bains for his health resulted in his erecting there in 1829 a hospital for poor patients. The municipality gave it his name; but after the annexation of Savoy to France from the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, it was styled the Hortense Hospital, Queen Hortense having endowed it.
Purchases of French rentes, made to strengthen the new Orleans dynasty, involved Haldimand in losses. He gave £24,000 for a blind asylum at Lausanne, with more after his death, and £3,000 towards the erection of an Anglican church at Ouchy. Inclined to radicalism in politics and to scepticism in religion, he nevertheless exerted himself in favour of the free church in Vaud, threatened with state persecution. He died unmarried at Denantou on 20 September 1862 aged 78.
# Karatia Zamindari

Karatia Zamindari (Bengali: করটিয়া জমিদারী, romanized: Korotiya Zomidari) was a zamindari family based in the Tangail District of Bangladesh.

## History

The Keratia Zamindari was founded in the early 1600s by Bayazid Khan Panni of the Panni Family. In the 19th century, the head of the zamindari, Sadat Ali Khan Panni, faced legal difficulties in controlling the family asset. He regained control of the property with the help of Khwaja Alimullah of the Dhaka Nawab family. They had a falling-out and Khwaja Alimullah sued Sadat Ali Khan Panni. Alimullah got a ruling in his favor, but Panni transferred the property to his wife, Jamrudunnesa Khanam. They resolved the dispute mutually and Alimullah received seven anna (seven-sixteenth) of the estate.
Sadat Ali Khan Panni and Jamrudunnesa Khanam donated 50 percent of their property to create Waqf trust that would carry out charitable actions. Their son, Hafez Mahmud Ali Khan Panni, was made the mutawalli (manager) of the Waqf after the death of Sadat Ali Khan Panni. After the death of Hafez Mahmud Ali Khan Panni his son, Wajed Ali Khan Panni, and mother, Jamrudunnesa Khanam, fought in court over the control of the trust. Wajed Ali Khan Panni was awarded the control of the trust by the court.
Wajed Ali Khan Panni was a successful administrator who expanded the estate. In 1901, he established the Hafez Mahmud Ali Institution in Karatia. In 1906, the All Bengal Muslim Education Conference was held in Karatia through his initiative. He served as the vice-president of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee and the Mymensingh district Congress. In 1921, he was jailed by the British Rsj for criticizing the colonial administration. He donated large sections of the estate and its income to charity and educational institutions. In 1926, he founded Saadat College and Rokeya High Madrasa. He died in 1936. Hafez Mahmud Ali Khan Panni sponsored the Akhbare Islamia, a monthly journal. The estate publication house published a number of books on history. Rokeya Mahal and Daud Mahal are the only estates of the zamindari that survived.

## Notable members

* Wajed Ali Khan Panni (1871–1936)
* Khurram Khan Panni, former chief whip of East Pakistan Provincial Assembly
* Humayun Khan Panni (d. 2006)
* Muhammad Bayazeed Khan Panni (1925–2012)
* Wajed Ali Khan Panni II
* Morshed Ali Khan Panni
# Siege of Malacca (1606)

The siege of Malacca of 1606 was a military engagement between a Dutch force commanded by Cornelis Matelief and the Portuguese commander André Furtado de Mendonça.
The small Portuguese garrison managed to hold out and stop any Dutch direct attacks on the city until additional reinforcements led by Martim Afonso de Castro arrived, which caused the Dutch to retreat from the siege. After they retreated, they were again defeated by the Portuguese at the Battle of Cape Rachado.
# Oregon's 6th House district

District 6 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes a portion of Jackson County and almost entirely consists of the city of Medford. The current representative for the district is Republican Kim Wallan of Medford.

## Election results

District boundaries have changed over time. Therefore, representatives before 2021 may not represent the same constituency as today. General election results from 2000 to present are as follows:
| Year | Candidate | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent | Opponent | Party | Percent | Write-in percentage |
| 2000 | Charlie Ringo | Democratic | 51.15% | John Scruggs | Republican | 44.45% | Kevin Schaumleffle | Libertarian | 4.41% | |
| 2002 | Rob Patridge | Republican | 62.66% | Barbara Davidson | Democratic | 36.98% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.35% |
| 2004 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 58.36% | John Doty | Democratic | 41.64% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | |
| 2006 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 51.92% | Mike Moran | Democratic | 47.88% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.20% |
| 2008 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 53.55% | Lynn Howe | Democratic | 46.28% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.17% |
| 2010 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 56.55% | Lynn Howe | Democratic | 43.16% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.29% |
| 2012 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 96.09% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | 3.91% |
| 2014 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 95.87% | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | 4.13% |
| 2016 | Sal Esquivel | Republican | 56.49% | Mike Moran | Democratic | 43.25% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.27% |
| 2018 | Kim Wallan | Republican | 53.89% | Michelle Blum Atkinson | Democratic | 45.99% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.12% |
| 2020 | Kim Wallan | Republican | 54.57% | Alberto Enriquez | Democratic | 43.10% | Alex Levi Usselman | Libertarian | 2.28% | 0.06% |
| 2022 | Kim Wallan | Republican | 60.21% | Dan Davis | Democratic | 39.69% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.10% |
| 2024 | Kim Wallan | Republican | 58.0% | Lilia Caballero | Democratic | 41.9% | No third candidate | No third candidate | No third candidate | 0.1% |
* ↑ Rob Patridge was the incumbent in this election. He previously represented District 50, but was moved to this district due to redistricting following the 2000 United States census.
# Panemunėlis

Panemunėlis (Polish: Poniemunek) is a small town (miestelis) in Panevėžys County, in northeastern Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 192 people. It straddles the Nemunėlis river.
# Gisela López

Gisela Karina López Rivas (born 1968) is a Bolivian journalist and politician who served as minister of communication from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she previously served as vice minister of municipal and departmental autonomies from 2013 to 2015.

## Biography

Gisela López was born in Santa Cruz de la Sierra in 1968. She began her education in 1974, completing a baccalaureate in her hometown in 1985. In 1986, she entered the Evangelical Bolivian University to study social communication, graduating as a journalist in 1991.
Over ten years, López dedicated herself to print media. In 2004, she received the National Journalism Award for her report Etnias en extinción. The Evangelical Bolivian University also presented her with a career recognition award in 2017.
López ventured into television and radio, carrying out critical and investigative journalism.

## Vice Minister of Autonomy (2013–2015)

On 18 June 2013, the Minister of Autonomy, Claudia Peña Claros [es], named Gisela López as her vice minister. López held the position until 2 February 2015, when she was replaced by Emilio Rodas.

## Minister of Communications of Bolivia (2017–2019)

On 23 January 2017, President Evo Morales appointed López Minister of Communications [es], replacing Marianela Paco.
She remained in charge of the ministry for two years, until she was succeeded as minister by Manuel Canelas [es] on 23 January 2019.
# Banco Nacional de Crédito

The Banco Nacional de Crédito (BNC) is a financial institution Venezuelan with private capital specialized in universal banking. It is headquartered in the El Rosal sector of Caracas.
According to the ranking of SUDEBAN, it falls within the Medium Stratum in terms of bank size. Its founding president is Jorge Nogueroles, who long before had served as vice president of the Provincial Bank. His catchphrase is Where you hit right at the bank.

## History

It opens its doors in San Antonio del Táchira, Táchira State in July 1977, as Banco Tequendama branch of the bank of the same name in Colombia.
In 2002, talks began for the purchase of the bank by a group of Venezuelan investors, completing the acquisition of the bank in February 2003 and changing the name in April of the same year to Banco Nacional. of Credit.
By 2003, it had 13 agencies. By mid-2007 the number increased significantly to reach 79 agencies nationwide. Five years later it would reach 156 agencies and approximately 687,372 clients. It currently has 171 agencies nationwide, 460 ATMs and approximately 1,417,932 customers. On May 8, 2009, the BNC acquired all the shares of Stanford Bank for $111 million dollars, after this was intervened by the Venezuelan State, after the crisis of its parent company, and it took place on February 18. At the time of the purchase Stanford Bank owned 15 branches in Venezuela.
On August 31, 2021, Citibank Venezuela would complete the transfer of its assets and liabilities to the BNC, in accordance with a Rights and Obligations Transfer Agreement dated April 20, 2021, after the approval of the Superintendency of Institutions of the Banking Sector (SUDEBAN) between both institutions. Citigroup's withdrawal occurred due to the minimization of its activities due to the economic recession caused by the hyperinflation in the nation.
On March 10, 2022, the Caracas Stock Exchange (BVC) released a press release informing about the expansion process of the BNC in the acquisition of some assets and assumption of liabilities of the Banco Occidental de Descuento. The On June 17, SUDEBAN would inform in a statement the authorization for the transfer of assets and liabilities from the BOD to the BNC as of June 27, 2022.
# Sandwich loaf

A sandwich loaf is a stacked savory party entrée made from a loaf of horizontally sliced bread. Typical fillings include egg salad, chicken salad, ham salad, tuna salad, and Cheez Whiz. While rare today, the dish was quite popular during the mid-20th century in the United States.

## History

Sandwich loaf was mentioned as early as 1935: "[...] giving the fork a chance for active play, the sandwich loaf made its appearance. This loaf, as you all must know by now, is a delicate triple-layered affair generously frosted with creamy cheese."
Sandwich Loaf is still common enough to be served in restaurants near the US/Mexico border where the dish is called sandwhichon. This variation is garnished with pineapple, cherries, pickled jalapenos and pecans, and visually resembles a traditional tres leches cake.
It remains popular in parts of French Canada (Quebec, New Brunswick) by the name pain sandwich (bread sandwich).

## Preparation

To create a sandwich loaf, bread is cut horizontally and spread with layers of filling. Common fillings include egg salad, chicken salad, ham salad, tuna salad, and Cheez Whiz. In a simple sandwich loaf, the fillings may all be the same, but in more complex creations each layer is different.
White bread is usually used to create a sandwich loaf, but whole wheat is also used. Sometimes white and whole wheat are used in alternating layers to create a ribbon effect. Common garnishes are olives, parsley, grapes, and carrot curls. The loaf is sliced like a cake and eaten with a fork.
# Usher

Usher most commonly refers to:
* Usher (occupation), a person who welcomes and shows people where to sit
** Church usher
** Wedding usher, one of the male attendants to the groom in a wedding ceremony
** Field usher, a military rank
** Usher of Justice, a judicial official in some countries
** Usher of the Black Rod, a parliamentary official in the UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand
** Gentleman Usher, a category of royal official in the United Kingdom
** White House Chief Usher
** Usher (Switzerland), a largely ceremonial function in Swiss federal, cantonal, and local governments
** An assistant to a head teacher or schoolmaster (generally obsolete); see Usher (occupation) § History
* Usher (musician) (born 1978), American R&B recording artist, performer, and actor
Usher may also refer to:

## People

* Usher Komugisha, Ugandan sports journalist and commentator
* Usher (surname), a list of people

## Places

* Usher, Western Australia
* Mount Usher, Antarctica
* Usher Glacier, South Shetland Islands
* Usher Hall, Edinburgh, Scotland
* Ushers, New York, a hamlet in Saratoga County, New York

## Media
### Film

* Usher, a 2002 short film directed by Curtis Harrington
* Usher (2004 film), a film based on the short story by Poe

### Music

* Usher (album), the 1994 debut album by the singer of the same name

### Other uses in media

* The family name in the Edgar Allan Poe short story "The Fall of the House of Usher"
** The Fall of the House of Usher (disambiguation), adaptations of Poe's work

## Other uses

* Gentleman Usher of an order of knights in the United Kingdom
* Usher 1C, a human gene
* Usher syndrome, a genetic disorder
* Ushers of Trowbridge, a former English brewery
* Usher baronets, a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
* Usher (fragrance)
# Allen Holubar

Allen Holubar (August 3, 1890 – November 20, 1923) was an American actor, film director, and screenwriter of the silent film era. He appeared in 38 films between 1913 and 1917. He also directed 33 films between 1916 and 1923.

## Career

Allen Holubar started out as an actor on the stage where he met his wife Dorothy Phillips in the Chicago production of Every Woman. While she turned to the screen and continued to act he became a director and even produced. Encouraged by these successes, together they formed the Allen Holubar Production Company in 1920. His 1918 film The Heart of Humanity was exhibited at The Museum of Modern Art in 2014.

## Marriage and death

Holubar was married to actress Dorothy Phillips for eleven years from 1912 until his death in 1923 from pneumonia, following surgery, at the age of 33. Dorothy herself would die of pneumonia in 1980, at age 90.

## Selected filmography

* Into the North (1913)
* Courtmartialed (1915)
* The White Terror (1915)
* 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916)
* The Field of Honor (1917)
* The Reed Case (1917)
* Heart Strings (1917)
* Treason (1917)
* The Talk of the Town (1918)
* The Heart of Humanity (1918–19)
* Broken Chains (1922)
Holubar wrote or contributed to the screenplay for the following films:
* Sirens of the Sea (1917)
* The Reed Case (1917)
* The Heart of Humanity (1918)
* The Mortgaged Wife (1918)
* The Talk of the Town (1918)
* Paid in Advance (1919)
* The Right to Happiness (1919)
* Once to Every Woman (1920)
* Man, Woman & Marriage (1921)
* Hurricane's Gal (1922)
Holubar directed the following films:
* Fear Not (1917)
* Sirens of the Sea (1917)
* The Field of Honor (1917)
* The Reed Case (1917)
* Treason (1917)
* A Soul for Sale (1918)
* The Heart of Humanity (1918)
* The Mortgaged Wife (1918)
* The Talk of the Town (1918)
* Paid in Advance (1919)
* The Right to Happiness (1919)
* Once to Every Woman (1920)
* Man-Woman-Marriage (1921)
* Broken Chains (1922)
* Hurricane's Gal (1922)
* Slander the Woman (1923)
# Saki (disambiguation)

Saki (1870–1916) was the pen name of Edwardian satirist H. H. Munro.
Saki may also refer to:

## People

* Saki (given name), female Japanese given name
* Saki (musician)
* Saki (wrestler)

## Places

* Saki, Azerbaijan
* Saki, Bielsk County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Saki, Gmina Kleszczele in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Saki, Gmina Narew in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Saki, India, village within greater Bombay
* Saki, Nigeria, a town situated in Oyo State
* Saki, Estonia, village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County
* Saki-ye Olya, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
* Saki-ye Sofla, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
* Saky, a town in Crimea
* Saky (air base), naval airbase in Crimea

## Animals

* Bearded saki, genus of New World monkey, Chiropotes
* Saki monkey, genus of New World monkey, Pithecia

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Saki (TV series), a 1962 British anthology television series based on the British writer's works
* Saki (film), a 2017 live-action film based on the manga series
* Saki (manga), a manga and anime series by Ritz Kobayashi
* Saki Amamiya, the male protagonist in the Nintendo 64 video game Sin and Punishment
* "Saaki", a song by Sukhwinder Singh and Sunidhi Chauhan from the 2004 Indian film Musafir
** "O Saki Saki", its remake for the 2019 Indian film Batla House, by Tanishk Bagchi, Vishal–Shekhar, Neha Kakkar, Tulsi Kumar and B Praak

## Other uses

* Saki Corporation, a Japanese electronics assembly machines company
* Maia language or Saki language, spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
# John Whitmore (surfer)

John Whitmore (30 March 1929 – 24 December 2001) pioneered the sport of surfing in South Africa.
His early career as an abalone and crayfish diver put him close to the ocean. After having read about surfing in Hawaii in the late fifties, John became so enthused by the prospect of surfing that he set off to build his own surfboards. This led to the sport of surfing being introduced in South Africa, at Muizenberg and Sea Point. Affectionately known to Capetonians as "die oom" (the uncle), Whitmore gave daily surf reports from his sea-front home bathroom window. Refer to The Endless Summer II surf film.
# Tamil Nadu Express

The 12621 / 12622 Tamil Nadu Express is a Daily Superfast Express train of the Indian Railways connecting M.G. R Chennai Central - New Delhi . It is the fastest Non - AC train between New Delhi and Chennai covering the distance in 32 hours.
It only stops at Agra, Gwalior, Jhansi, Bhopal, Itarsi, Nagpur, Balharshah, Warangal, Khammam (since 09.10.2023) and Vijayawada.
It has the non-stop continuous run between Vijayawada and Chennai Central of 431 kilometres (268 mi).
It is hauled by a WAP-7 from Royapuram shed end to end, since the whole route is electrified.

## Accidents

Tamil Nadu Express has traditionally been accident-prone, with many accidents occurring due to its speed. The top speed of the train was reduced after series of derailments and after major derailment of 14 coaches on 31 August 1981 at Asifabad Road Station in Telangana, in which 15 persons were killed and 39 injured. The following table enlists the accidents that happened on Tamil Nadu Express.
List of Accidents on Tamil Nadu Express :
| Year | Location | Cause of Accident | Casualties |
| 1977 | Vijayawada | Derailment | none |
| 1978 | Nagpur-Itarsi section | Derailment | none |
| 1981 | Asifabad Road Station | Derailment | 15 killed 39 injured |
| 1983 | Kazipet | Derailment | none |
| 1984 | Vijayawada | Derailment | none |
| 1984 | Delhi | Fire in one of the coaches | Two coaches partially damaged |
| 1986 | Agra-Gwalior Section | Fire in one of the first class coaches | 3 injured |
| 1987 | Amla-Nagpur | Derailment of 13 coaches | 2 killed 30 injured |
| 1990 | Mathura | Collision with an empty train | none |
| 2012 | Nellore | Fire in S11 coach | 32 killed 27 injured |
# Coronation Oath Act 1688

The Coronation Oath Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 6) is an Act of the Parliament of England. It was passed in 1689.
The preamble noted that "by the Law and Ancient Usage of this Realm" the monarchs of England had taken a solemn oath at their coronation to maintain the statute laws and customs of the country and of its inhabitants, but the text of this oath had become partly meaningless over time, "framed in doubtful Words and Expressions with relation to ancient Laws and Constitutions at this time unknown". It established a single uniform oath to be taken by future monarchs at their coronation, and also established that this oath was to be taken by William III and Mary II when they were crowned.
The oath was fundamentally different from the traditional coronation oath which recognized laws as being the grant of the king whereas the Act's oath sought to bind the king to rule according to the law agreed in Parliament. At the forefront of the oath, then, is the distillation of the core principle of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, namely an assertion of the constitutional supremacy of Parliament, a principle that remains the basis of public law in the United Kingdom.
The oath was shorter than the one used in 1660, removing a number of awkward phrases and references to past monarchs; a significant alteration was the explicit inclusion of an oath to maintain "the true Profession of the Gospel and the Protestant Reformed Religion Established by Law", rather than the somewhat more vague promise to "Protect and Defend the Bishops and Churches under [my] Government."
Section 2 of the Act of Settlement 1701 reiterated the requirement to take the oath. This Act mostly remains in force as of 2019. (Section 4, from "bee it" to "enacted that" was repealed by section 1(1) of, and Part I of the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1888.) The Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689 says that the monarch cannot "exercise the regal power until he or she swear the Coronation Oath."