OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Agriculture in Tonga

Agriculture in Tonga is largely based on the farming of yams, squash, and root crops. Agriculture consists of 16–29.9% of Tonga's GDP, 34% of its labour force, and about 50% of its exports. Since the 1980s, Tonga's agricultural exports expanded to include vanilla, watermelons, sugar, and legumes.
With the expansion of the archipelago's population, climate change, and competitive markets, Tonga has trouble keeping up with competitive demand.

## History
### Traditional farming

In the past, Tonga had a subsistence based system of agriculture called shifting cultivation and fallowing, which eventually evolved to create a tax system that paid nobles and the monarchy in yams. Yams were considered the "'noblest crop'", and were farmed primarily for the monarchs and nobility as well as the annual common feast of Inasi. Before British and European influence in Tonga, there were no markets.
The Tongan calendar was based on the lunar cycle and the rotation of crops (the Tongan words for "year" and "crop of yams" are the same, ta'u), causing there to be 13 months in a year, approximately starting on November 6, and ending sometime between late October and early November.
In shifting cultivation and fallowing, one plot of vegetated land would undergo slashing and burning, be cultivated and have crops planted, and then be left fallow for two to four years. The cycle begins with yams, alocasia, and plantains- which are left to grow from eight to nine months to two to three years before they are harvested and have the next crops planted in their place. For the next four to six months come the sweet potatoes, which are then succeeded by xanthosoma for ten to twelve months, which is finally replaced by the hardy cassava plant for a year.

### Modern farming

Following European influence, subsistence farming has been replaced by what is called "semi-permanent", or commercial farming.
Although Tonga lacks connectivity between its islands and advanced agricultural technologies, it retains its status as a prominent producer of crops for East Asian and Oceanian countries. Today, Tonga produces 60% of New Zealand's watermelon imports, and has been producing squash for Japan and South Korea since the mid-1980s, although overproduction of the crop has greatly reduced its value and thus the amount of squash produced.
# Chakrayagudem

Chakrayagudem is a village in the Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Pedavegi mandal of the Eluru revenue division.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census of India, Chakrayagudem had a population of 1,390. The total population constitute, 689 males and 701 females — a sex ratio of 983 females per 1000 males. 140 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with a child sex ratio of 1090 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate stands at 74.16%, with 927 literates.
# Andrew Irvine (bassist)

Andrew Thomas Irvine (born April 9, 1969) is an American bassist who has toured with and performed alongside internationally recognized artists and has been featured in Bass Player magazine. Irvine has toured with over 25 artists nationally and has delivered contributions to over 50 successful albums, covering a wide range of styles.
He was raised in Webster, New York, and was active in the Rochester, New York, scene in his early days.
Irvine has performed in a number of bands, including the Tampa, Florida, outfits Beanstalk and Clang, the California group On the One, the Colorado ensembles the Jelly Roll Bakers and Huge in Germany, the band Giant People, and his own outfit the Andrew Irvine Group. He has played alongside GG Allin, Eden Brent, Pee Wee Ellis, Eddie Turner, John Wesley and Lucky Peterson. While with Clang, he recorded an album with Tiny Tim titled Prisoner of Love.
A Warwick artist, Irvine was featured in a March 2009 Bass Player article on soloing, in which the article called him a "soloing sensation." He was featured again in the magazine in August 2010 and twice in 2013 in Bass Guitar magazine (UK).
Irvine founded the Warwick "The Sound of Bass World Clinic Tour" visiting 20 countries around the world.
In 2009, he released a solo album titled Soul Clap and in 2011 another album, Diggin' That Funky Blues.
In 2012, Irvine was asked by Bootsy Collins to become a "professor" at his Funk University. Several of Irvine's lessons and lectures are now part the Funk-U program, more educational segments are regularly being filmed in Los Angeles for ongoing use at Funk U.
In July 2013, Irvine released his third solo album, The Way I Like It. A complete departure from his previously released albums, it is a solo bass guitar feature album with a sparse and ambient production.
"I set out to record and release a bass guitar feature album with a certain and strict criteria in mind, it had to sound like music and be a relaxed enjoyable listen from the beginning of the album to the end. I composed all the music to be melody and rhythm oriented, and to be "listenable" I did not want to create an album which displays tricky and impressive techniques, more so to provide a soulful collection of songs that might transport the listener to a pleasant place of relaxation. I'm proud of the finished work, and in ways it is my best to date" -Andy Irvine
# National Board of Review Awards 2023

The 95th National Board of Review Awards, honoring the best in film for 2023, were announced on December 6, 2023. Martin Scorsese's Killers of the Flower Moon won Best Film and received the most wins with four, including Best Director and Best Actress.
This year, the National Board of Review established a new category titled "Outstanding Achievement in Stunt Artistry", which was created "to celebrate the accomplishments and work of stunt artists".
The annual awards gala was held on January 11, 2024, at Cipriani 42nd Street in New York City, hosted by television personality and journalist Willie Geist.

## Top 10 Films

Films listed alphabetically except top, which is ranked as Best Film of the Year:
Killers of the Flower Moon
* Barbie
* The Boy and the Heron
* Ferrari
* The Holdovers
* The Iron Claw
* Maestro
* Oppenheimer
* Past Lives
* Poor Things

## Winners

Best Film:
* Killers of the Flower Moon
Best Director:
* Martin Scorsese – Killers of the Flower Moon
Best Actor:
* Paul Giamatti – The Holdovers
Best Actress:
* Lily Gladstone – Killers of the Flower Moon
Best Supporting Actor:
* Mark Ruffalo – Poor Things
Best Supporting Actress:
* Da'Vine Joy Randolph – The Holdovers
Best Original Screenplay:
* David Hemingson – The Holdovers
Best Adapted Screenplay:
* Tony McNamara – Poor Things
Best Animated Feature:
* Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse
Best International Film:
* Anatomy of a Fall
Best Documentary:
* Still: A Michael J. Fox Movie
Best Ensemble:
* The Iron Claw
Breakthrough Performance:
* Teyana Taylor – A Thousand and One
Best Directorial Debut:
* Celine Song – Past Lives
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography:
* Rodrigo Prieto – Barbie and Killers of the Flower Moon
Outstanding Achievement in Stunt Artistry:
* Chad Stahelski (director) and Stephen Dunlevy & Scott Rogers (stunt coordinators) – John Wick: Chapter 4
NBR Icon Award:
* Bradley Cooper

## Top 5 International Films

Anatomy of a Fall (France)
* Fallen Leaves (Finland)
* La chimera (Italy)
* The Teachers' Lounge (Germany)
* Tótem (Mexico)
* The Zone of Interest (Poland / United Kingdom)

## Top 5 Documentaries

Still: A Michael J. Fox Movie
* 20 Days in Mariupol
* 32 Sounds
* The Eternal Memory
* The Pigeon Tunnel
* A Still Small Voice

## Top 10 Independent Films

* All Dirt Roads Taste of Salt
* All of Us Strangers
* BlackBerry
* Earth Mama
* Flora and Son
* The Persian Version
* Scrapper
* Showing Up
* Theater Camp
* A Thousand and One
# Narun

Narun (Persian: نرون) is a village in Taftan-e Jonubi Rural District of the Central District of Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 538 in 129 households, when it was in the former Nukabad District of Khash County. The following census in 2011 counted 387 people in 78 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 826 people in 190 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2018, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Taftan County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Central District.
# Trevor Roberts, 2nd Baron Clwyd

John Trevor Roberts, 2nd Baron Clwyd of Abergele in the County of Denbigh (28 November 1900 – 30 March 1987), also Sir John Trevor Roberts, 2nd Baronet, was a Welsh peer. He was known as Trevor Roberts.

## Background and early life

Roberts was the son of John Roberts, 1st Baron Clwyd and of Hannah, Lady Roberts, a daughter of William Sproston Caine MP. He was also the grandson of John Roberts MP, of Abergele, Denbighshire.
He was educated at Gresham's School and Trinity College, Cambridge (BA 1922).

## Career

Roberts was admitted a barrister of Gray's Inn in 1930 and served as assistant secretary of commissions in the Lord Chancellor's Department of the House of Lords from 1948 to 1961. He was appointed a JP for London in 1950 and succeeded his father as a member of the House of Lords in 1955. He had houses in London and in Selborne, Hampshire.

## Family

In 1932, Roberts married Joan de Bois (died 1985), daughter of Charles R. Murray, of Partickhill, Glasgow, and they had one son, John Anthony Roberts, 3rd Baron Clwyd (born 2 January 1935, died 2006) and one daughter Alison Roberts, (born 24 February 1939). His brother was the composer Mervyn Roberts (1906-1990).
Coat of arms of Trevor Roberts, 2nd Baron Clwyd :
* CrestA cock's head erased Gules beaked combed and wattled Sable.
* EscutcheonArgent three cocks Gules beaked combed wattled and membered Sable.
* SupportersDexter a lion guardant party per fess Or and Argent. Sinister an ostrich Argent holding in the beak a horseshoe Proper each gorged with a collar Or pendant therefrom an escutcheon Argent charged with two bars Vert.
* MottoVirtus In Arduis
# Alan Watson Featherstone

Alan Watson Featherstone (born 10 February 1954) is a Scottish ecologist. He is a natural history photographer, speaker and the founder of the conservation charity Trees for Life.

## Biography

During the 1970s he travelled throughout the United States, Canada and South America. On his return to the United Kingdom, he joined the Findhorn Foundation in 1978. In October 1986 he organised for an international conference on the world's ecological crisis called, 'One Earth: A Call to Action', involving 240 delegates.
In 1986, he formed Trees for Life, with the aim of restoring the Caledonian Forest and its wildlife to the Scottish Highlands. The charity works in partnership with the Forestry Commission, the National Trust for Scotland and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) at a number of sites to the west of Loch Ness and Inverness. As of April 2014, the charity has planted over one million native trees. In August 2008, Featherstone oversaw the purchase of the 4,000 hectare Dundreggan Estate for £1.65 million in Glenmoriston. The charity has received numerous awards. He has helped to inspire similar ecological restoration projects in the Scottish Borders, Dartmoor in England and the Yendegaia National Park Project in Tierra del Fuego, Chile.
Featherstone gives lectures and workshops and has spoken at the World Wilderness Congress, the Society for Conservation Biology annual conference and the Society for Ecological Restoration conference. He has written articles for journals and magazines as well as appearing on television and radio. He is also a nature photographer. He produced the Findhorn Nature Calendar from 1983 to 1994 and the annual Trees for Life Calendar and Diary from 1988 to 2017. His photographs have been published in Time, BBC Wildlife magazine and the Encyclopædia Britannica.
In 2002, Featherstone established the Restoring the Earth project, "to promote the restoration of the planet's degraded ecosystems as the most important task for humanity in the 21st century". The project is overseen by the Earth Restoration Service of which Featherstone is a trustee. He is also a trustee and former chairman of Wild Things! an environmental education charity based in the North of Scotland and a former trustee of the Findhorn Foundation. He is a trustee of the Findhorn Hinterland Trust, and Trees for Hope, a charity that promotes the ecological restoration of the Fertlle Crescent region.
In 2001 he received the Schumacher Award from the Schumacher Society, for "his inspirational and practical work on conserving and restoring degraded ecosystems".

## Awards

* Schumacher Award from the Schumacher Society, 2001.
* Glenfiddich Spirit of Scotland Awards – Environment, 2012.
* RSPB, Outstanding Contribution Award, 2013.
# Embracing Defeat

Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II is a history book written by John W. Dower and published by W. W. Norton & Company in 1999. The book covers the difficult social, economic, cultural and political situation of Japan in the aftermath of World War II and the nation's occupation by the Allies between August 1945 and April 1952, delving into topics such as the administration of Douglas MacArthur, the Tokyo war crimes trials, Hirohito's controversial Humanity Declaration and the drafting of the new Constitution of Japan.

## Reception

Described by The New York Times as "magisterial and beautifully written," the book won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, the 1999 National Book Award, the 2000 Bancroft Prize, the 2000 L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award, the Mark Lynton History Prize and the 1999 Los Angeles Times Book Prize.
Steven Tolliday sees the book as a rare example of a book that shows the post-war years from a Japanese perspective, and writes that it is a "massively researched and beautifully illustrated book". Dower's writing is called "elegant, informative and easy to follow". Martyn Smith considers it to be "an outstanding account of US-Japan relations in the aftermath of the war and a useful guide to understanding the trans-national nature of Japan’s rise to economic superpower".
Michael Schaller noted that Dower "uses not only a rich array of period photographs but also art, comic books, poetry, letters, and journals from the 1940s to examine how the Japanese coped with hunger, homelessness, and despair in the wake of surrender. In the process, Dower delves into the technical and human dimensions of the black market, prostitution, the treatment of demobilized soldiers, the blossoming of literature despite a rigid and often mindless censorship that barred virtually any discussion of the nuclear bombs' impact, and the evolution of language to accommodate Japan's radically altered circumstances." J. A. A. Stockwin in his review for The New York Times calls it a "richly nuanced book" and writes that "Dower adopts a critical view of the occupation, but, interestingly, he is plainly enamored of the sheer democratic panache of that Constitution and of the largely -- though not wholly -- successful efforts of Government Section bureaucrats to prevent the Japanese Government from subtly undermining its key provisions".

## Publication

* Dower, John W (1999). Embracing defeat: Japan in the wake of World War II (2003 ed.). W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-32027-5. Total pages: 676.
# Louise Lear

Louise Lear (born Tracy Louise Barden, 14 December 1967) is a British television and radio journalist who works as a presenter for BBC Weather. She has appeared on BBC News, BBC World News, BBC Red Button and BBC Radio. She is also a regular forecaster on the BBC News at Six and was previously a weekend presenter on BBC Breakfast.

## Early life and education

Lear was born in 1967 in Sheffield, Yorkshire. She grew up in the village of Rothley in the Borough of Charnwood, Leicestershire and went to the Humphrey Perkins School, until the age of 14. She took her O-levels and A-levels at Rawlins Academy in Quorn, gaining four in 1985.
She graduated from Middlesex University in 1988 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Music and Drama. She plays the piano and clarinet.

## Career

After a period as a researcher for Children's BBC, she took the job of sports presenter for an independent radio production company, covering amongst other events the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer.
Lear began her career as a weather presenter at Central Television in 1992 and then spent two years at LBC in London. She joined the UK Weather Channel at its launch in 1996 and took up her most recent post at the BBC in April 1998.
Lear has presented other BBC programmes, including Trading Up on BBC One. She was chosen to undertake the role as she and her husband have renovated four houses in London, including a cottage where they lived with their two young children. She has presented the weather forecast on the BBC One programme Countryfile. She memorably giggled through a BBC weather forecast in 2016.

## Personal life

She married Ian Lear of Quorn, Leicestershire, at St Botolph's Church, Shepshed, in 1990; the honeymoon was in Florida.
# Aquin City

Aquin (/æˈkɪn/); also City of Aquin, Aquin City (French: Ville d'Aquin; Haitian Creole: Vil Aken) is the principal town of the Aquin commune of the Aquin Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.
# Trophy wife

A trophy wife is a wife who is regarded as a status symbol for the husband. The term is often used in a derogatory or disparaging way, implying that the wife in question has little personal merit besides her physical attractiveness, requires substantial expense for maintaining her appearance, is often unintelligent or unsophisticated, does very little of substance beyond remaining attractive, and is in some ways synonymous with the term gold digger. A trophy wife is typically relatively young and attractive, and may be a second, third or later wife of an older, wealthier man. A trophy husband is the male equivalent.

## History

In his Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), Thorstein Veblen suggested that "The original reason for the seizure and appropriation of women seems to have been their usefulness as trophies." The term's more recent etymological origins are disputed. One claim is that "trophy wife" originally appeared in a 1950 issue of The Economist newspaper, referring to the historical practice of warriors capturing the most beautiful women during battle to bring home as wives. William Safire claimed that the term "trophy wife" was coined by Julie Connelly, a senior editor of Fortune magazine, in a cover story in the issue of August 28, 1989, and immediately entered common usage. Author Tom Wolfe, himself often credited with coining the term, disclaimed it in a talk given at Brown University in 1996, wherein he also credited Fortune magazine in an article published "not that long ago". Many sources claim the term was coined earlier (for example, the Online Etymology Dictionary cites 1984), but easy online access to William Safire's article about the term has led many (such as the Oxford English Dictionary) to believe that August 28, 1989, was its first use. However, the idiom is found in passing in a quote in a 1965 publication, apparently referring to the wife of Bernie Madoff. The 1994 marriage of former Playboy Playmate Anna Nicole Smith to oil billionaire J. Howard Marshall was widely followed by the US mass media as an extreme example of this concept. At the time of their marriage, he was 89 years old and she was 26.
Elizabeth McClintock, a sociologist at the University of Notre Dame, believes the phenomenon in modern society is less common than other research suggests.
# Manuel Oro

Manuel Oro Comas (3 January 1909 – 11 May 2002) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender for FC Barcelona, RCD Espanyol, and Real Murcia.

## Footballing career
### Club career

Born on 3 January 1909 in the Barcelona neighborhood of La Sagrera, Oro began his footballing career in the ranks of CE Júpiter, a team from the Barcelona neighborhood of La Verneda, where he played until 1930, year in which was acquired by FC Barcelona. He stayed at Barcelona for only one season, in which he played 23 games, including four competitive matches in the Catalan championship, which Barça won. Faced with the lack of opportunities, the following season he joined Sabadell FC, where he remained until December 1932, when he was signed by RCD Espanyol, where he again had few chances, playing in only three La Liga matches in two seasons.
At the end of 1934, Oro signed for Real Murcia, remaining there for seven years until 1941, sept for a brief stint with Granollers during the Spanish Civil War. Together with José Cabo, José Griera Farreras, and Félix Huete, he was a member of the Murcia squad that won the 1939–40 Segunda División, thus achieving promotion to the first division. During this period, he was sort of a Blaugrana ambassador in Murcia, since he always maintained a very good relationship with Barça and its sports commission, which was mostly made up of "friends" and Pepe Planas, who had also played for Murcia and to whom Oro reported about interesting players in Murcia, such as José Bravo, Luis Miró, Galcerán, and Benito García, who were all successful in Les Corts.
In 1942, Oro returned to Barcelona where he signed for Sant Andreu, where he worked as a player-coach until 1944, when he left the club to join CE Mataró, where he retired in 1946, at the age of 37. In total, he only played seven La Liga matches.
He also coached CE Manresa at some point. On 19 March 1953, Oro was the subject of a tribute match, which took place at the Camp de La Maquinista between La Maquinista and CE Europa (2–0) and Sant Andreu reserve UA Horta reserve (7–1).

### International career

Oro played twice for the Catalan national team, making his debut on 24 June 1933, in a match against his former club Sabadell, being highlighted by the press as one of his side's best players in a 2–4 loss. On 16 May 1937, Oro earned his second and last cap for Catalonia against his former club FC Barcelona, in a match directed to help the Mutual Sports Club and the State's Civil War front, ending in a 4–4 draw.

## Military career

During the Civil War, Oro was mobilized by the Republic and, despite not having a driving licence, he spent the entire war driving a Katiuska truck; he never got behind the wheel of a vehicle again.

## Death

Oro was the oldest living player in the history of Barcelona at the time of his death in Barcelona on 11 May 2002, at the age of 92. On the following day, Barcelona players wore black armbands in the last matchday of the league season against Real Zaragoza as a sign of mourning.

## Honours
### FC Barcelona

Catalan championship:
* Champions (1): 1930–31

### Real Murcia

Segunda División:
* Champions (1): 1939–40
# YZ Cassiopeiae

YZ Cassiopeiae (21 Cas) is a star system 103.8 parsecs (339 ly) away from Earth, in the constellation Cassiopeia. It comprises three stars: an eclipsing Algol-type binary and a visually fainter star about 3000 AU distant. It is faintly visible to the naked eye under good observing conditions.
The primary star in the YZ Cassiopeiae system is a white subgiant (main sequence) star of spectral type A1Vm and 2.31 solar masses (M$_☉$) with a less massive main sequence dwarf star of type F2V and 1.35 M$_☉$.
In 1924, Joel Stebbins announced his discovery that the star, then known as 21 Cassiopeiae, is an eclipsing binary. It was given its variable star designation, YZ Cassiopeiae, in 1925. The apparent magnitude of the eclipsing binary varies from 5.65 to 6.05 with a period of 4.4672 days. Combined, they appear to have a spectral type of A2IV.
The binary has a dimmer (magnitude 9.7 according to Norton, or 10.5 by SIMBAD) companion of 0.8 M$_☉$ orbiting with a period of about 86 580 years.