OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karen Borca

Karen Borca (born September 5, 1948, in Green Bay, Wisconsin) is an American avant-garde jazz and free jazz bassoonist.

## Early life and education

Borca studied music at the University of Wisconsin with John Barrows and Arthur Weisberg, graduating in 1971.
While at the University of Wisconsin, she met Cecil Taylor, who taught at the university during the 1970/1971 academic year. Borca studied with Taylor, played in his big bands, ensembles, and the Cecil Taylor Unit, and was his assistant while he worked in the Black Music Program at Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio.
She was an assistant to Taylor's longtime collaborator, saxophonist Jimmy Lyons, while he was artist-in-residence at Bennington College in Bennington, Vermont in 1974. Borca and Lyons got married, and she played in his ensemble until he died in 1986.

## Career

In 1976, Borca performed in a production of Adrienne Kennedy's A Rat's Mass directed by Cecil Taylor at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club in the East Village of Manhattan. Musicians Rashid Bakr, Andy Bey, David S. Ware, Raphe Malik, and Lyons also performed in the production. Taylor's production combined the original script with a chorus of orchestrated voices used as instruments.
Borca has performed with her own ensembles at the Newport Jazz Festival New York City Salute to Women in Jazz in 1978 and 1979, Soundscape, Vision Festival, and Jazz Fest Berlin, among many other festivals and concerts. She has performed in the United States and internationally, with musicians such as William Parker, Bill Dixon, Butch Morris, Marco Eneidi, Joel Futterman, Sonny Simmons, Alan Silva, and Jackson Krall.

## Discography

As leader
* 2024: Good News Blues (NoBusiness Records)
With Jimmy Lyons
* 1978: Push Pull (Hathut Records)
* 1980: Riffs (Hathut Records)
* 1985: Give It Up (Black Saint Records)
* 1983: Wee Sneezawee (Black Saint Records)
* 1972–1985: The Box Set (Ayler)
With Alan Silva
* 1999: Alan Silva & the Sound Visions Orchestra (Eremite Records)
* 2003: H.Con.Res.57/Treasure Box (Eremite Records)
With others
* 1982: Red Snapper: Paul Murphy at CBS (Paul Murphy, Cadence Jazz Records)
* 1983: Cloudburst (Paul Murphy, Murphy Records)
* 1983: Moments (Joel Futterman, Ear Rational)
* 1984: Passage (Joel Futterman, Ear Rational)
* 1986: Winged Serpent (Sliding Quadrants) (Cecil Taylor, Soul Note Records)
* 1994: Final Disconnect Notice (Marco Eneidi, Botticelli)
* 1999: Many Rings (Joe Morris, Knitting Factory)
* 2001: Waking the Living, Earth People (Undivided Vision)
* 2001: The Cosmosamatics (Sonny Simmons, Boxholder)
* 2008: 17 Musicians in Search of a Sound: Darfur (Bill Dixon, AUM Fidelity)
* 2003 Sky Readers - (Undivided Vision Records) North Country Distribution
* 2003 Simple...Ins't It?? (Undivided Vision Records) North Country Distribution
* 2005 Now Is Rising -(2005 - Undivided Vision Records) North Country Distribution
* 2007 Bang! from New York City (Undivided Vision Records) North Country Distribution
# Musket Model 1777

The musket Modèle 1777, and later Modèle 1777 corrigé en l'an IX (Model 1777 corrected in the year IX, or 1800 in the French Revolutionary Calendar) was one of the most widespread weapons on the European continent.
It was part of a weapon family with numerous variants, e.g. for the light infantry, artillery and a musketoon for the cavalry.

## Modèle 1777 corrigé en l' an IX

After the French Revolutionary Wars, first consul Napoleon Bonaparte commissioned a rework; some minor modifications on the lock, bayonet and stock resulted in 1800 in the "corrected" model, also called "Modèle 1777 corrigé".

## Other improvements

The Musket was further improved in 1816 and 1822. Many were converted from flintlock to percussion cap in the mid-19th century.

## Impact

7 million muskets were produced, including variants 1800 (an IX), 1816 and 1822, but not including muskets like the Austrian 1798 or the Prussian 1809, which were heavily influenced by the French 1777. Until World War I, no other firearm was produced in such large numbers.
Properly trained French infantry were expected to be able to fire three volleys a minute with the 1777. A trained infantryman could hit a man sized target at 80 yards but anything further required an increasing amount of luck and the musket became wildly inaccurate at long range. Compared to the British Brown Bess, it fired musket balls that fitted more tightly into the barrel resulting in a better accuracy but a lower rate of fire and more fouling issues.
The Grande Armée marched into the German countries and left approx. 750,000 muskets retreating in 1815; until about 1840, French weapons were used in Germany.
* Musket Modèle 1777 made during the Revolution
* The flintlock mechanism
* The muzzle
# Bill McEwan

William G. McEwan is a former president, chief executive officer and director of Sobeys Inc., the second largest Canadian grocery retailer and food distributor.
A native of Trail, British Columbia, at 15, McEwan had a part-time job bagging groceries at a local store; he liked it so much that after a year-and-a-half at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, he returned to the business full-time.
McEwan spent more than 30 years in the grocery retailing and consumer packaged goods industries, with Ferraro's Ltd. (Super Valu), Coca-Cola (where he was vice president market development, Coca-Cola Beverages Ltd.) and The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (A&P). At A&P, McEwan was senior vice president of grocery and non-food merchandising for the company's Canadian operations, before being appointed president and chief merchandising officer in 1996. He was later appointed president and CEO of the company's U.S. Atlantic Region.
McEwan joined Sobeys in November 2000 as president and CEO, was also on the board of directors for CIES - The Food Business Forum, and is a past chairman of the Grocery Industry Foundation Together (GIFT) in Canada.
McEwan retired from his role at Sobeys in 2012.
In November 2005, McEwan was presented the Golden Pencil Award, The Food Industry Association of Canada's highest distinction.
Bill McEwan is a supervisory board member of Ahold Delhaize. In 2019, McEwan was appointed chair of Aimia (company).
He lives with his second wife Donna in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia.
# Canon lourd de 8 Gribeauval

The canon lourd de 8 Gribeauval (Gribeauval heavy 8-pounder cannon) was a French canon and part of the Gribeauval system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. It was part of the siege artillery.
The canon lourd de 8 Gribeauval was used extensively during the wars following the French Revolution, as well as the Napoleonic wars.
Some of the earlier Gribeauval siege guns kept the baroque "dolphin" design for the handles.
# Vikramabahu I

Vikramabâhu I (ruled 1111–1132) was a medieval king of Sri Lanka. He was the son of king Vijayabahu I and the Queen Thilokasundari who was a Kalinga princess. He was the "Mapa"("Maha Arya Pada" or prince successor) who ruled the Ruhuna on behalf of the king during king Jayabâhu I's reign.
After the death of king Jayabâhu I, there were many conflicts due to the conspiracy by Vikramabâhu I's aunt, the sister of king Vijayabahu I, Miththa, to give the throne to her son while Vikramabâhu I was in Ruhuna. However, Vikramabâhu who was the rightful ruler who was able to gain the throne while his aunt and her sons fled the country.
# Freestyle skiing at the 2003 Asian Winter Games

Freestyle skiing at the 2003 Asian Winter Games took place in the Ajigasawa Ski Area located in the town of Ajigasawa, Aomori Prefecture, Japan with two events contested — one each for men and women. This was the second time that freestyle skiing events were included in the official Winter Asiad program; the first time was in the 1999 Harbin Winter Asiad which included only aerial events.

## Schedule

| Q | Qualification | F | Final |
| Event↓/Date → | 6th Thu | 6th Thu |
| Men's moguls | Q | F |
| Women's moguls | Q | F |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's moguls details | Yu Masukawa Japan | Kenro Shimoyama Japan | Ivan Sidorov Kazakhstan |
| Women's moguls details | Aiko Uemura Japan | Irina Kormysheva Kazakhstan | Yumi Kubota Japan |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (2 entries) | Totals (2 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## Participating nations

A total of 13 athletes from 3 nations competed in freestyle skiing at the 2003 Asian Winter Games:
* Japan (8)
* Kazakhstan (4)
* Mongolia (1)
# Ralf Christoffers

Ralf Christoffers (born October 8, 1956) is a German politician who served in the Landtag of Brandenburg from 1994 to 2019 and as Minister of Economic Affairs and European Affairs of Brandenburg in the Cabinet of Ministers-President Matthias Platzeck and Dietmar Woidke from 2009 to 2014.

## Life

Christoffers was enrolled in vocational training as a shipbuilder and locksmith from 1973 to 1981. He later studied social science at the Parteihochschule Karl Marx, the party school of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, and worked as a philosophy lecturer at the Free German Youth-administered Wilhelm Pieck youth academy in Bogensee until 1990. From 1991 to 1994 he served as a research associate in the PDS Group of the Landtag of Brandenburg.

## Early political career

Christoffers joined the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) in 1990 and remained a member of the party until 2007, when PDS, which was renamed The Left Party. PDS in 2005, merged with the Electoral Alternative for Labor and Social Justice (WASG) to form a new party, The Left (Die Linke). From October 1994 to 2019, he served as a member of the Landtag (State Parliament) of Brandenburg.

## Ministerial career

After the 2009 state election, which produced a so-called “red-red coalition” composed of the SPD and Die Linke, Christoffers was appointed Minister of Economic Affairs and European Affairs in the 3rd Cabinet of Social Democratic Party (SPD) Minister-President Matthias Platzeck, succeeding Ulrich Junghanns of the Christian Democratic Union. He remained in this position under Minister-President Dietmark Woidke until retiring from the post in 2014.
Christoffers faced criticism from within his party for his support of the continuation of lignite mining in the region of Lusatia in southeast Brandenburg. In a 2010 interview, Wolfgang Nešković, Die Linke Member of the Bundestag for Cottbus – Spree-Neiße, criticized Christoffers’ position for both environmental and political reasons, arguing that support for lignite mining could result in Die Linke being perceived as being to the right of the SPD, their coalition partner.

## Other activities

Christoffers is a member of the Board of Directors of the Sparkasse Barnim, a public savings bank based in Eberswalde in the district of Barnim, Brandenburg, and the Investment State of the State of Brandenburg (ILB).
From 2010 to 2014, Christoffers was one of four representatives of the State of Brandenburg on the supervisory board of state-owned airport operator Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH.
# Soeda Juichi

Soeda Juichi (添田 壽一, September 15, 1864 – July 4, 1929), also referred to as Juichi Soyeda, was a Japanese lawyer, senior civil servant and academic economist. In 1913 he was delegated by the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce in Japan to study the California Alien Land Law of 1913.

## Biography

He was born in Fukuoka on September 15, 1864. He graduated from School of Politics and Economics at Tokyo Imperial University in 1884, and continued his studies at Cambridge University and University of Heidelberg, He returned to Japan in 1887. That same year he was appointed councilor in the Japanese Treasury Department, and then successively private secretary, secretary, and Director of Superintendence Bureau, in the same department; became its Vice-Minister in 1898; shortly afterwards he resigned his post and became lecturer of economics and public finance at Tokyo Imperial University and several other institutions; in 1899, was appointed president of the Bank of Formosa; then chairman of Japan Credit Mobilier Commission, and in 1902, was made president of the newly established Japan Credit Mobilier. He was for many years Japan correspondent of the Economic Journal. He took an active part in Japanese monetary reform work, including the adoption of the gold standard in 1897. In 1913, he visited the United States as representative of the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce, in connection with the California Alien Land Law of 1913.
He died on July 4, 1929.

## Publications

* A survey of the Japanese question in California (1913)
* A History of Banking in Japan. 2002 reprint; first published in 1896 as one part of A History of Banking in all the Leading Nations, "edited by the editor of the Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin" (i.e. William Dodsworth).
# Atlantic Investment Management

Atlantic Investment Management is a global alternative investment firm founded in 1988 by Alexander J. Roepers (“Alex”). Atlantic has 29 employees worldwide with offices in New York City and Tokyo. As of August 2021, the firm had $1.9 billion in assets under management.

## History

Alexander J. Roepers founded Atlantic Investment Management in 1988. Atlantic manages concentrated long/short equity portfolios and employs fundamental analysis with a bottom-up stock picking approach to create its portfolios, conducting in-house research to make its investments. The firm often takes large stakes—up to 7% of the shares outstanding—in a small number of stocks. Atlantic investment funds include the Cambrian Fund, Cambrian Japan, AJR/Quest, Cambrian Global and Cambrian Europe. Atlantic's largest fund, the Cambrian Fund, is a long-only activist fund that generally invests in only 6 or 7 securities.
In 1992, Atlantic began the Cambrian strategy, investing in a concentrated portfolio of approximately six medium to low-tech industrial companies. In 1993, Roepers launched AJR International, an offshore hedge fund.
The firm invests in various sectors including packaging, aerospace, pumps and valves, industrial materials, specialty chemicals, information-technology services and food companies. The firm looks for stocks between $1 billion and $20 billion in market cap, with high quality balance sheets and low debt expenses.

## Activist philosophy

While Atlantic is widely considered to be an activist investor, Roepers has been called the gentlemen activist. Roepers leads Atlantic using a more subtle approach to engaging corporate management called Constructive Shareholder Activism, which involves making suggestions behind the scenes rather than in public.

## Leadership

Alex Roepers is the Founder, President and Portfolio Manager of Atlantic Investment Management. He has been in the investment business for more than 25 years.
Prior to founding Atlantic, Roepers worked for Dover Corporation as Director of Corporate Development and at Thyssen-Bornemisza Group, both multi-billion industrialized conglomerates.
Roepers graduated in 1980 with a BBA from Nijenrode University, the Netherlands School of Business and in 1984 with an MBA from Harvard Business School, where he serves on the Board of Dean's Advisors.
# Tara Singh Wan

Bhai Tara Singh Wan (1687–30 March 1726) was an eighteenth-century Sikh martyr. He was from the village of Wan, also known as Wan Tara Singh and Dall-Wan now in Tarn Taran district tehsil Bhikhiwind of the Eastern Punjab.

## Family background

His father, Gurdas Singh, had received the rites of the Khalsa in the time of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib, and had taken part in the Battle of Amritsar (6 April 1709), in which Bhai Mani Singh led the Sikhs and in which Har Sahai, a revenue official of Patti, was killed at his (Gurdas Singh's) hands. Baba Gurdas Singh took martyrdom in Bajwara (Hoshiarpur) when he went along with Baba Banda Singh to fight for Sirhind. Baba Gurdas Singh was married in next village of Rajoke.

## Early life

Bhai Tara Singh, the eldest of the five sons of Gurdas Singh, was born around 1687. He took Amrit from Bhai Mani Singh. Receiving the rites of initiation, he grew up to be a devout Sikh, skilled in the martial arts.

## Martyrdom

As persistent persecution drove the Sikhs out of their homes to seek shelter in hills and forests, Tara Singh collected around him a band of desperadoes and lived defiantly at Wan, where he, according to Ratan Singh Bhangu's Pracheen Panth Prakash, possessed jagir landgrant. In his vaar or enclosure made with thick piles of dried branches of thorny trees, he gave refuge to any Sikh who came to him to escape persecution. The faujdar sent a contingent of 25 horse and 80 foot to Wan but Tara Singh's colleague sardar met them in the fields, fought back and routed the invaders with several dead, including their commander, nephew of the faujdar and got martyrdom himself. Ja'far Begh reported the matter to Subahdar (Governor) Zakariya Khan, who sent a punitive expedition consisting of 2,000 horse, 5 elephants, 40 light camel guns and 4 cannononwheels under his deputy, Momin Khan. Tara Singh had barely 22 men with him at that time. They kept the Lahore force at bay through the night but were killed to a man in the handtohand fight on the following day 1726. Their heads were taken back to Lahore and thrown in blind well where Gurudwara Shaheed Singhania now stands in Landa Bazar. A Gurudwara Sahib now marks the site where the dead bodies of Bhai Tara Singh and his 20 companions were cremated.
# Lukas Kruse

Lukas Kruse (born 9 July 1983) is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Kruse signed with FC Augsburg in February 2009 after it was revealed that an injury to second choice goalkeeper Vasily Khomutovsky was to rule him out for the remainder of the season. On 20 April 2010, he announced his return to SC Paderborn 07, leaving FC Augsburg after one year.
In 2017, he transferred to 2. Bundesliga club Holstein Kiel after seven years with SC Paderborn 07.
# Martin Amedick

Martin Amedick (born 6 September 1982) is a German retired professional footballer who played as a centre back.

## Career statistics

As of 2 May 2014.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | League | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Germany | Germany | Germany | League | League | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Ligapokal | DFB-Ligapokal | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Arminia Bielefeld | 2. Bundesliga | 2001–02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | Bundesliga | 2002–03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | 2. Bundesliga | 2003–04 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 |
| Eintracht Braunschweig | Regionalliga Nord | 2004–05 | 35 | 1 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 38 | 1 |
| Eintracht Braunschweig | 2. Bundesliga | 2005–06 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 29 | 1 |
| Borussia Dortmund | Bundesliga | 2006–07 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 19 | 2 |
| Borussia Dortmund II | Regionalliga Nord | 2006–07 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 0 |
| Borussia Dortmund | Bundesliga | 2007–08 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 19 | 0 |
| Borussia Dortmund II | Regionalliga Nord | 2006–07 | 10 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | 0 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 2. Bundesliga | 2008–09 | 31 | 4 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 32 | 4 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 2. Bundesliga | 2009–10 | 34 | 4 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 37 | 4 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Bundesliga | 2010–11 | 26 | 2 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 30 | 2 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Bundesliga | 2011–12 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 16 | 0 |
| Eintracht Frankfurt | 2. Bundesliga | 2011–12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0 |
| Eintracht Frankfurt | Bundesliga | 2012–13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| SC Paderborn 07 | 2. Bundesliga | 2013–14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Club totals | Arminia Bielefeld | Arminia Bielefeld | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Club totals | Eintracht Braunschweig | Eintracht Braunschweig | 62 | 2 | 5 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 67 | 2 |
| Club totals | Borussia Dortmund | Borussia Dortmund | 34 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 2 |
| Club totals | Borussia Dortmund II | Borussia Dortmund II | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 16 | 0 |
| Club totals | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 105 | 10 | 10 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 115 | 10 |
| Club totals | Eintracht Frankfurt | Eintracht Frankfurt | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Club totals | SC Paderborn 07 | SC Paderborn 07 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Career statistics | Career statistics | Career statistics | 225 | 14 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 245 | 14 |

## Honours
### Club
#### Borussia Dortmund

* DFB-Pokal runner-up: 2007–08
# Niklas Kastenhofer

Niklas Kastenhofer (born 8 January 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Hallescher FC.

## Career

Kastenhofer made his professional debut for Hallescher FC in the 3. Liga on 24 November 2018, coming on as a substitute in the 81st minute for Tobias Schilk in the 2–0 home win against Sonnenhof Großaspach.
# Heorhiy Kopaliani

Heorhiy Kopaliani (Ukrainian: Георгій Миколайович Копаліані; born 7 March 1994) is a professional Ukrainian football goalkeeper who played for the amateur club FC Juniors Shpytky.
Kopaliani is a product of FC Arsenal.
Made his debut for FC Arsenal in a game against FC Shakhtar Donetsk on 5 October 2013 in the Ukrainian Premier League.
# 1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final

The 1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the seventh All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1894 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

## Matches
### Summary

The first game was a draw, 0–6 to 1–1 (at the time, a goal equalled five points) and so a replay was played. With ten minutes remaining, and Cork leading by 1–2 to 0–5 (seven points to five), several Dublin players were attacked by Cork supporters. Dublin refused to play on and the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) Central Council awarded them the championship.
The Cork County Board never accepted this finding and four months later a ceremony was held to award gold medals to the victorious Nil Desperandum players (in those days each county was represented by the previous years' county champions). At the ceremony the Lord Mayor of Cork said that he "was positively certain that the Dublin Gaels always recognised the merits of the Nils, and now hailed them as winners of the Football Championship for '94."
However, the final went into the record books as Dublin's third All-Ireland SFC title of the 1890s; they won three more that decade.

### Details

Dublin (is this the replay or the drawn game?) =
* John Kennedy (c)
* George Charlemont
* Dick Curtis
* George Roche
* Pat Heslin
* T. Lyons
* J. Geraghty
* Luke O'Kelly
* P. Kelly
* T. Hughes
* T. Mahony
* Myles Condon
* M. Byrne
* Tommy Errity
* P. O'Toole
* Jack Kirwan
* Frank O'Malley
Cork (is this the replay or the drawn game?) =
* John O'Leary (c)
* Murty Downey
* Billy Riordan
* Dick Coughlan
* P. J. Walsh
* W. Burgess
* Dan O'Coughlan
* Tom Irwin
* Frankie Joyce
* Dave Kelleher
* T. Houlihan
* Tim Lucey
* Dan Coughlan
* J. O'Riordan
* Mick McCarthy
* James Mulcahy
* Michael Coleman

#### Subs

    R. Mulcahy
    P. Lane