# Pontarlier

Pontarlier (French: ; Latin: Ariolica) is a commune and one of the two sub-prefectures of the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France near the Swiss border.

## History

Pontarlier occupies the ancient Roman station of Ariolica, in Gallia and is placed in the Tables on the road from Urba (modern Orbe, Canton Vaud, Switzerland), to Vesontio (modern Besançon). Although the distances in the Antonine Itinerary do not agree with the real distances, French geographer D'Anville recognized a transposition of the numbers. The Theodosian Tabula names the place "Abrolica", which William Smith states as a possible error of transcription.
After the Burgundian invasion in the 5th century, Pontarlier became an unavoidable way of trade from the kingdom of Burgundy to Switzerland, Germany or Lombardy. Until the 17th century it lay on the easiest way to cross Jura mountains.
Pontarlier is one of the staging posts from northern France, Britain and the Benelux countries for the Via Francigena, now a walking route to Rome with a starting point in Canterbury, England. It is recorded as being the stop on day 57 of Sigeric the Serious, the then Archbishop of Canterbury on his return from Rome in 990 AD, having been given his pallium, or token of rank. Discussion continues as to whether he came over the Jura from the direction of Yverdon-les-Bains to the south-east or through a valley from Jougne to the south.
The city of Pontarlier is briefly mentioned in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables. It was to this city that convict Jean Valjean was to report for his parole after being released from the galleys. Breaking these instructions is a major turning point in the novel, and also creates some major conflict for Valjean later in the story. The city is also the main location of the 1962 French film The Seventh Juror.
Pontarlier was famous for the production of absinthe until its ban in 1915. The distilleries switched over to producing a particular type of pastis, the "Pontarlier". With the ban partially lifted in the 1990s, Pontarlier distilleries are once again producing absinthe.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 3,348 | — |
| 1800 | 3,771 | +1.71% |
| 1806 | 3,526 | −1.11% |
| 1821 | 4,254 | +1.26% |
| 1831 | 4,707 | +1.02% |
| 1836 | 4,922 | +0.90% |
| 1841 | 4,965 | +0.17% |
| 1846 | 5,136 | +0.68% |
| 1851 | 4,953 | −0.72% |
| 1856 | 4,909 | −0.18% |
| 1861 | 5,007 | +0.40% |
| 1866 | 4,945 | −0.25% |
| 1872 | 4,975 | +0.10% |
| 1876 | 5,714 | +3.52% |
| 1881 | 6,118 | +1.38% |
| 1886 | 8,098 | +5.77% |
| 1891 | 7,187 | −2.36% |
| 1896 | 7,577 | +1.06% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 7,963 | +1.00% |
| 1906 | 8,776 | +1.96% |
| 1911 | 9,439 | +1.47% |
| 1921 | 10,203 | +0.78% |
| 1926 | 11,827 | +3.00% |
| 1931 | 11,984 | +0.26% |
| 1936 | 12,840 | +1.39% |
| 1946 | 12,722 | −0.09% |
| 1954 | 13,768 | +0.99% |
| 1962 | 15,382 | +1.40% |
| 1968 | 16,442 | +1.12% |
| 1975 | 17,983 | +1.29% |
| 1982 | 17,781 | −0.16% |
| 1990 | 18,104 | +0.23% |
| 1999 | 18,360 | +0.16% |
| 2007 | 18,939 | +0.39% |
| 2012 | 17,631 | −1.42% |
| 2017 | 17,197 | −0.50% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Transportation

The commune has a railway station, Pontarlier, on the Frasne–Les Verrières and Neuchâtel–Pontarlier lines between France and Switzerland.

## Notable people

* Sébastien Rale (1652-1724), missionary and lexicographer
* Charles Antoine Morand, Napoleonic general
* Henri-Louis Pernod [fr], distiller
* Edgar Faure, member of the Académie française, president of the city council, and mayor
* Philippe Grenier, physician and first Muslim member of French parliament
* Xavier Marmier, writer and poet
* Robert Fernier, painter
* Pierre Bichet [fr], painter
* Vincent Defrasne, biathlete
* Florence Baverel-Robert, biathlete

## Sights

* Triumphal arch of the Porte Saint-Pierre (18th century)
* Stained glass created in 1976 by painter Alfred Manessier in the Church of Saint-Bénigne, a 17th-century church that blends Romanesque, Gothic, and Franc-Comtois architectural styles. Originally built in the 11th century, it was largely rebuilt between 1651 and 1666 after being damaged during the Thirty Years' War. The church features a distinctive bell tower topped with an imperial dome, typical of the region. It remains an active place of worship and a historical monument.
* Fort de Joux (between 11th and 19th century)

## International relations

Pontarlier is twinned with:
* Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
* Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
* Zarautz, Spain

## Climate

Climate data for Pontarlier (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.9 (76.8) | 27.0 (80.6) | 33.0 (91.4) | 35.0 (95.0) | 38.0 (100.4) | 37.0 (98.6) | 32.8 (91.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 23.5 (74.3) | 20.3 (68.5) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) | 5.7 (42.3) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.6 (56.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 19.1 (66.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 8.8 (47.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 1.0 (33.8) | 4.6 (40.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.4 (59.7) | 17.5 (63.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) | −3.7 (25.3) | −0.6 (30.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.4 (52.5) | 11.1 (52.0) | 7.7 (45.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 0.3 (32.5) | −2.5 (27.5) | 3.6 (38.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.0 (−25.6) | −26.2 (−15.2) | −21.7 (−7.1) | −10.8 (12.6) | −6.0 (21.2) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.8 (33.4) | 0.1 (32.2) | −3.3 (26.1) | −9.7 (14.5) | −16.4 (2.5) | −23.2 (−9.8) | −32.0 (−25.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 115.3 (4.54) | 105.4 (4.15) | 107.5 (4.23) | 105.0 (4.13) | 139.9 (5.51) | 124.5 (4.90) | 123.1 (4.85) | 121.3 (4.78) | 113.6 (4.47) | 128.9 (5.07) | 131.4 (5.17) | 147.7 (5.81) | 1,463.6 (57.62) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.9 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.1 | 10.7 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 149.7 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||