# Henry Duke, 1st Baron Merrivale

Henry Edward Duke, 1st Baron Merrivale PC (5 November 1855 – 20 May 1939) was a British judge and Conservative politician. He served as Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1916 and 1918.

## Background and education

Duke was the second son of William Edward Duke, a granite merchant of Merrivale, Devon, and his wife Elizabeth Ann (née Lord). From a modest background, he was educated locally and did not attend a public school or university.

## Legal career

As a child, Duke worked as a journalist for the local newspaper the Western Morning News, but at age 25 he came to London to cover the House of Commons. While in London he began to study law, and was called to the Bar, Gray's Inn, in 1885. He at first worked on the Western circuit but later established a successful legal practice in London. He was a recorder for Devonport and Plymouth from 1897 to 1900 and for Devonport alone until 1914, and was made a Queen's Counsel in 1899.

## Political career

In 1900, Duke was elected to the House of Commons for Plymouth as a Unionist, a seat he held until 1906 when he was defeated. He returned to Parliament in the January 1910 general election as the representative for Exeter. He lost the seat in the December 1910 election by only four votes, but regained it by a single vote after an election petition in April 1911 due to closeness of the result, and held it until 1918 when he resigned for the appointment of Lord Justice of Appeal.
Duke sat on the front opposition bench during the early years of the First World War and was admitted to the Privy Council in 1915. In July 1916, he was appointed by Prime Minister H. H. Asquith to succeed Augustine Birrell as Chief Secretary for Ireland, with a seat in the cabinet, after Birrell had resigned due to the consequences of the Easter Rising. The political situation in Ireland remained strained during Duke's tenure as Chief Secretary, notably over the Conscription Crisis of 1918, and he resigned in May 1918.

## Judicial career

After his resignation Duke was knighted and appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal. In 1919, he was made President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice, a post he held until 1933. A notable case he decided was Balfour v. Balfour. He also dissented at the Court of Appeal level in the famous case of Attorney-General v De Keyser's Royal Hotel Ltd, [1919] 2 Ch. 197, 238–255. On 19 January 1925, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Merrivale, of Walkhampton in the County of Devon.

## Family

Lord Merrivale married Sarah, daughter of John Shorland, in 1876. They had one son and a daughter. His wife died in 1914. Merrivale survived her by 25 years and died on 20 May 1939, aged 83. He was succeeded in the barony by his only son, Edward.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Henry Duke, 1st Baron Merrivale :
* Crest"Issuant from a chaplet fessewise argent a demi-griffin holding between the claws a fasces erect or."
* Escutcheon"Argent, an anchor fouled sable between three chaplets, all within a bordure engrailed azure."
* Supporters"On either side a griffin or, the dexter gorged with a chain sable, pendant therefrom an escutcheon argent charged with a saltire between four castles sable, and the sinister gorged with a like chain suspended therefrom an escutcheon per pale gules and sable, charged with a triple towered castle or."
* MottoGradatum Vincimus (We conquer by degrees)