OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hugh Martin (minister, born 1822)

Hugh Martin (11 August 1822 – 14 June 1885) was a Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland and a theological author.

## Life

Born in Aberdeen on 11 August 1822, Hugh was the son of Alexander Martin, a clothier and haberdasher living at 79 Gallowgate. He studied at Aberdeen Grammar School then later took an arts degree at Marischal College, where he graduated with an MA in 1839. He then took a second degree in Theology at King's College, Aberdeen.
In 1842, Hugh was converted to the principles of the Free Church of Scotland by Rev Dr William Cunningham, who became his life-long mentor. In the Disruption of 1843, he joined the Free Church faction and was one of the first ministers ordained directly into that faction without transfer from the Church of Scotland. Licensed to preach by the Free Church in 1843, he was thereafter ordained as a minister of Panbride near Carnoustie.
In 1858, he left Panbride to take on the role as minister of Greyfriars Free Church in Edinburgh (on West Crosscauseway), one of the Free Church's newly built and more impressive city monuments. He lived in a villa on Findhorn Place.
He retired to Lasswade, south of Edinburgh in 1865 due to ill-health. He, however, continued to lecture at the University of Edinburgh and was later awarded an honorary doctorate DD by the University in 1872. In his retiral, he spent much effort in campaigning for free education for all children in Scotland, and was one of the non-political forces who brought about the 1872 Education Act in Scotland.
He died in Lasswade on 14 June 1885. He is buried with his family in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh. The grave lies in the north-west section.

## Publications

* Christ's Presence in the Gospel History (1860)
* The Prophet Jonah (1866)
* A Study of Trilinear Co-ordinates (1867) - mathematics
* Simon Peter (1869)
* The Atonement (1870)
* National Education 8 volumes (1872)
* Mutual Eligibility 8 volumes (1872)
* Relationships Between Christ's Headship over Church and State (1875)
* The Shadow of Calvary 8 volumes (1875)
* The Westminster Doctrine of the Inspiration of Scripture 8 volumes (1877)

## Family

He was married to Elizabeth Jane Robertson (1828-1895). Six daughters are recorded on his gravestone and his son Alexander was the Principal of New College, Edinburgh 1918-1935, as well as one of the architects of the union of the United Free Church of Scotland and Church of Scotland in 1929.
# Corpse-like obedience

Corpse-like obedience (German: Kadavergehorsam, also translated as corpse obedience, cadaver obedience, cadaver-like obedience, zombie-like obedience, slavish obedience, unquestioning obedience, absolute obedience or blind obedience) refers to an obedience in which the obeying person submits unreservedly to another's will, like a mindless, animated cadaver.

## Jesuit origin

The term originated with the Jesuit work by Ignatius of Loyola from 1553, the Letter on Obedience. It has also been dated to 1558. That text said, in Latin: "Et sibi quisque persuadeat, quod qui sub Obedientia vivunt, se ferri ac regi a divina Providentia per Superiores suos sinere debent perinde, ac si cadaver essent" which can be translated as "We should be aware that each of those who live in obedience must allow himself to be led and guided by Divine Providence through the Superior, as if he were a dead body". The concept, described in the Jesuit context as "fabled and misunderstood", has since been criticised by detractors of the Jesuit order as blind obedience. Jesuit supporters, in turn, refer to it as the "perfect obedience".

## Modern use

The term is often associated with Germany (where it is known as Kadavergehorsam), where it refers to "both obedience and loyalty until death" or simply "absolute obedience" or "blind obedience". It has been associated with the discussion of German military and administration of the Prussian and Nazi eras and their passive adherence to carrying out orders, including those later judged to be war crimes (see also Prussian virtues, German militarism, Befehlsnotstand, Führerprinzip, and superior orders). The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service of 1933 has been credited with enforcing this idea in the Nazi German civil administration. Adolf Eichmann, one of the major organisers of the Holocaust, invoked this concept in his defence during his post-war trial.
The term has also been used in the context of other totalitarian regimes, such as communist states and parties. The concept has been described as promoted by works such as The Communist Manifesto or Mein Kampf.
The concept has also been mentioned in the context of extreme interpretation of military discipline.
Some scholars have translated the term as zombie-like obedience. A similar variation occurs in Nigerian afrobeat artist Fela Kuti's song "Zombie" (from the album of the same name), in which Kuti calls Nigerian soldiers zombies as a critique of the country's military government.
# SoldierSanta

SoldierSanta is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that supports United States soldiers deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan by shipping holiday gifts during the Christmas and holiday season.

## History

In 2009, Financial Services Executive Chris Meek formed the non-profit organization Soldiersocks in response to a July 2009 letter from Sergeant Major Like Converse who requested help in obtaining socks and baby wipes for his Marines serving in Afghanistan. Upon receipt of this letter, Chris soon formed a 501(c)(3) to help raise funds and gather basic supplies for the troops. As SoldierSocks grew, it expanded its reach in the fall of 2010 to include a new initiative with a similar objective. The group created SoldierSanta in an effort to send gifts to the troops for them to open during the holiday season. Corporate sponsors such as Sports Illustrated Magazine, Cablevision, Conair Corporation, Borders, and Connecticut-based Newman’s Own all joined to lend a hand in this new program. The number of corporate and business sponsors continues to grow and so too does the organizations reach. Relying on contributions and gift donations, SoldierSanta sends gifts such as an iPod or DVD to American troops in an effort to make the holiday season special.
# Little Tot

"Little Tot" is a song by Swedish singer Dotter. It was performed in Melodifestivalen 2021 and made it to the 13 March final. She finished in fourth place in the final, with 105 points.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Little Tot" :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 6 |
# John Robert Bennett

Sir John Robert Bennett KBE (August 8, 1866 – October 23, 1941) was a merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West from 1904 to 1923, and Harbour Grace from 1924 to 1928 in the Newfoundland House of Assembly.

## Biography

The son of Edward W. Bennett and Amelia Goff, he was born in St. John's and was educated at the Church of England Academy.
Bennett began work with C. F. Bennett & Company in 1881 as a clerk. He later joined his brother's brewing business, later becoming president and managing director. From 1902 to 1906, he served on the St. John's municipal council. He served in the Newfoundland cabinet as Colonial Secretary from 1913 to 1917, and from 1924 to 1928. From 1917 until the end of World War I, Bennett served as Minister of Militia. He organized the Liberal-Progressive Party in 1923 but was defeated when he ran for reelection that year. Bennett was elected to the assembly again in 1924, this time for Harbour Grace.
Bennett was named a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1926; also in 1926, he was named District Grand Master of English Freemasonry in Newfoundland.
He was married twice, first to Laura Taylor in 1891 and then to Beatrice Shannon Greaves in 1936.
He died in St. John's on October 23, 1941.
# The Siege of Antwerp

The Siege of Antwerp (French: Le Siège d’Anvers) is an 1840 history painting by the French artist Horace Vernet.

## History and description

It depicts the 1832 Siege of Antwerp when the French Army of the North besieged and captured the Dutch-held Antwerp Citadel in Belgium. The concluding stage of the Belgian Revolution it was a major foreign policy boost for the new July Monarchy of Louis Philippe I. The painting shows Marshal Gérard order the assault on the Citadel. He is accompanied by the Duke of Orléans and the Duke of Nemours, the two eldest sons of the king. To the left a group of soldiers drink and warm themselves by a fire while to the right a cantinière treats wounded troops.
Vernet developed a reputation for depicting the battles of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras. He later produced works representing more recent conflicts such as the Conquest of Algeria. At the time of the Belgian events portrayed the artist was serving as director of the French Academy in Rome before returning to France in 1834. The work was commissioned by the French authorities to hang in the refurbished Palace of Versailles.
# Dvaccać vośmaja zorka

Dvaccać vośmaja zorka (Cyrillic: Дваццаць восьмая зорка,, 28th Star) is the fourth album by Belarusian hard rock band Mroja, released on 4 September 1990. It is the only album the band released on the Soviet state label Melodiya.
The album was recorded in 1989 with Alexander Shtilman producing. In 1997, it was reissued on cassette. In 2009, it was reissued on CD, with two bonus tracks and a video from a Mroja concert in 1993. All eight tracks from the album were included on the compilation Vybranyja peśni 1989-1993 in 1993.
This was the only Mroja album to be released on CD.

## Track listing

* «Дваццаць восьмая зорка» (Dvaccać vośmaja zorka, 28th Star)
* «Мама-мафія» (Mama-mafija, Mother-Mafia)
* «Шмат» (Šmat, A Lot)
* «Кастрычніцкі цягнік» (Kastryčnicki ciahnik, October Train)
* «Апошні інспэктар» (Apošni inspektar, The Last Inspector)
* «Аўстралійская полька» (Australijskaja polka, Australian Polka)
* «Зямля» (Ziamla, World)
* «Я — рок-музыкант» (Ja - rok-muzykant, I'm a Rock Musician)

## Personnel

* Lavon Volsky – vocals, keyboards
* Benedict Konev-Petushkovich – guitar
* Yury Levkov – bass
* Oleg Demidovich – drums
# Delirium in a Studio

Delirium in a Studio (French: Ali Barbouyou et Ali Bouf à l'huile) was a 1907 French silent trick film by Georges Méliès. It was sold by Méliès's Star Film Company and is numbered 1014–1017 in its catalogues. A fragment of the film survives.

## Plot

Méliès's American catalogue reports the following action, covering the part of the film now presumed lost: A painter is working on a full-length portrait of a woman in exoticized dress, with help from a bottle of whiskey. Suddenly he realizes that, whenever he puts the bottle down, his servant is also stealing a taste. The painter goes to hide the whiskey bottle, and the servant seizes the opportunity to drink the whole contents of two other bottles. The painter returns just as the servant's stomachaches make him realize that these two bottles contained not whiskey, but paint. The angry painter thrashes the servant, finally hitting him with a saber. The servant falls unconscious. The painter, thinking he has accidentally murdered his servant, hurriedly stuffs the body in a nearby trunk and drinks himself asleep. When the painter is sleeping in his drunken stupor, the servant sneaks out of the trunk, just as the woman comes to life and steps out of her painting. She plays a series of pranks on the servant, culminating in pouring a bucket of white liquid over his head.
The surviving fragment of the film shows the woman returning to her frame and becoming a painting again. The painter wakes up and is astonished to see the servant swatting the painting with the broom. The painter gives the servant a second thrashing. The fragment concludes with action not mentioned in the catalogue: the painter finally decapitates his servant, stuffing the head and body in the same trunk he had used before. The servant's body, holding its head, climbs out of the box and wanders away. The painter, terrified at the sight, jumps straight into his painting and disappears.

## Production and themes

The plot of Delirium in a Studio echoes that of an earlier Méliès film, A Spiritualistic Photographer (1903), while the Orientalist setting may indicate inspiration from the paintings of Eugène Delacroix. Méliès and a frequent collaborator, an actor billed as Manuel, play the master (Ali Barbouyou) and servant (Ali Bouf-à-l'huile) respectively. The film's special effects are worked with substitution splices and dissolves. The scenery, particularly detailed even by Méliès's elaborate standards, includes a large picture frame Méliès had previously used in other films, including The Mysterious Portrait.
A Centre national de la cinématographie guide to Méliès's work notes that, while the final jump into the painting is very Mélièsian in style, this is one of Méliès's few films in which a magic disappearance is not followed by a final return suggesting a curtain call. Other examples without a final reappearance include Bob Kick, the Mischievous Kid (1903), The Marvellous Wreath (1903), and Satan in Prison (1907), assuming the endings of those films are complete in their surviving prints.
# Department of Transport (Andhra Pradesh)

The Minister for Transport is the head of the Department of Transport in the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
The incumbent Minister of Transport is Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy from Telugu Desam Party.

## List of ministers

| # | Portrait | Portrait | Minister (Lifespan) Constituency | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Election (Term) | Party | Ministry | Chief Minister | Ref. |
| # | Portrait | Portrait | Minister (Lifespan) Constituency | Term start | Term end | Duration | Election (Term) | Party | Ministry | Chief Minister | Ref. |
| 1 | | | Sidda Raghava Rao (born 1957) MLA for Darsi | 8 June 2014 | 1 April 2017 | 2 years, 297 days | 2014 (14th) | Telugu Desam Party | Naidu III | N. Chandrababu Naidu | |
| 2 | | | Kinjarapu Atchannaidu (born 1969) MLA for Tekkali | 2 April 2017 | 29 May 2019 | 2 years, 57 days | 2014 (14th) | Telugu Desam Party | Naidu III | N. Chandrababu Naidu | |
| 3 | | | Perni Venkataramaiah (born 1967) MLA for Machilipatnam | 30 May 2019 | 7 April 2022 | 2 years, 312 days | 2019 (15th) | YSR Congress Party | Jagan | Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy | |
| 4 | | | Pinipe Viswarup (born 1962) MLA for Amalapuram | 11 April 2022 | 11 June 2024 | 2 years, 61 days | 2019 (15th) | YSR Congress Party | Jagan | Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy | |
| 5 | | | Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy (born 1982) MLA for Rayachoti | 12 June 2024 | Incumbent | 214 days | 2024 (16th) | Telugu Desam Party | Naidu IV | N. Chandrababu Naidu | |
# La Línea (tunnel)

La Línea (English: The Line) is a highway tunnel between the cities of Calarcá, Quindío and Cajamarca, Tolima in Colombia. It crosses beneath the locally famous "Alto de La Línea" in the Cordillera Central or central range of the Andes mountains, easing traffic on one of Colombia's main east-west road connections (the National Route 40) which links Bogotá with Cali and the Pacific port of Buenaventura. It is the longest road tunnel in Latin America, and in the Americas, well ahead of the 4,100-meter (13,300 ft) Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel which is the longest road tunnel in North America. The total length of the tunnel is 8,652 m (28,386 feet), its western entrance being at 2,420 m (7,940 feet) above msl, 19 km (12 miles) east of the city of Armenia and the eastern one at 2,505 m (8,219 feet) above msl, at 37.8 km (23.5 miles) west of Ibagué. Constructions of the pilot tunnel started on 30 September 2004 and both sides of the pilot met on 2 August 2008. In September 2007 Ministry of Transport launched the tender process for the construction of tunnel and connecting roads. Construction work started in December 2008 in head of Union Temporal Segundo Centenario led by Carlos Collins and was originally expected to finish in 2016. In May 2016, the opening was delayed to 2018. The tunnel was finally opened on 4 September 2020, after 14 years of construction work, at a total cost of around 1 trillion pesos (US$270 million).

## Benefits

Some of the benefits include lower operation costs for transportation, shorter travel time and reduction in the number of accidents. Due to the difficult terrain that will be avoided, US$37 million should be saved in operating costs in the first year. Furthermore, travel time will decrease as average speed increases from its current 18.2 km/h (11.3 mph) to 60 km/h (37 mph). For heavy vehicles, travel times can be decreased by 80 minutes, and 40 minutes for light vehicles. This section is also currently one of the stretches in the country most prone to accidents (four times the national average) due to its geography and climate. The tunnel could bring the accident rate down to the average. Total economic benefits are estimated to be US$40 million per annum.
# Afonso Figueiredo

Afonso Mendes Ribeiro de Figueiredo (born 6 January 1993) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a left-back.
He played 87 Primeira Liga games for Boavista, Rio Ave, Aves and Moreirense, as well as in the second tier for Braga B, Estrela Amadora and Penafiel. Abroad, he had brief spells in the top divisions of France with Rennes and Bulgaria with Levski Sofia.

## Club career
### Early years and Braga

Born in Lisbon, Figueiredo played youth football for three clubs, including local Sporting CP from ages 10 to 16. In the summer of 2010 he joined S.C. Braga to complete his development, and made his debut as a senior with the latter's reserves, playing his first game in the Segunda Liga on 19 August 2012 in a 0–0 home draw against Associação Naval 1º de Maio (as a late substitute).

### Boavista

In the 2013 off-season, Figueiredo dropped down to the third division and signed with Boavista FC. Even though the team finished outside the promotion zone, they were reinstated in the Primeira Liga following the final developments of the Apito Dourado affair.
Figueiredo's maiden appearance in the Portuguese top flight occurred on 4 January 2015, as he featured the entire 3–1 home win over F.C. Arouca. He scored his first league goal on 16 August of that year, in a 2–2 away draw with Vitória de Setúbal.
During his spell at the Estádio do Bessa, Figueiredo totalled 72 matches in all competitions.

### Rennes

On 1 July 2016, free agent Figueiredo moved to Stade Rennais F.C. from the French Ligue 1 on a four-year contract. His official debut only arrived on 1 February of the following year, in a 0–4 home loss against Paris Saint-Germain F.C. in the Coupe de France. His first league game took place two months later, when he played roughly 30 minutes of the 1–1 draw with Olympique Lyonnais also at the Roazhon Park.
On 30 January 2018, Figueiredo was loaned to PFC Levski Sofia from Bulgaria until the end of the season.

### Return to Portugal

Figueiredo returned to his homeland on 15 June 2018, signing with Rio Ave F.C. for two years. One year later, he agreed to a three-year deal at C.D. Aves also of the top tier. In one of his first games on 31 August 2019, he was sent off in a 3–2 home loss to F.C. Famalicão.
On 29 July 2020, captain Figueiredo terminated his contract two years early after Aves' relegation. He joined Moreirense F.C. on a free transfer three months later, after serious injuries to defensive players Pedro Amador and Abdu Conté.
Figueiredo found a new club on 22 September 2021, signing for second-tier C.F. Estrela da Amadora after Gonçalo Maria's exit. For the 2022–23 campaign, he moved to F.C. Penafiel in the same league on a one-year contract.
Figueiredo retired from football in March 2024, aged 31.

## International career

Figueiredo played once for the Portugal Olympic team, 30 minutes in a 4–0 friendly win against Mexico in the Azores on 28 March 2016. He was not, however, selected for Rui Jorge's squad for the Olympic tournament held that year.
# Pretender (disambiguation)

A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else.
Pretender or The Pretender may also refer to:

## Film and television

* The Pretender (film), a 1947 American crime film
* The Pretender (TV series), a 1996–2000 American television series
** The Pretender 2001, a January 2001 television film
** The Pretender: Island of the Haunted, a December 2001 television film
* The Pretender, a 2005 New Zealand TV series directed by Jonathan Brough

### Television episodes

* "Pretender", Niña Niño episode 190 (2022)
* "The Pretender", Adventures in Paradise season 3, episode 7 (1961)
* "The Pretender", Code Lyoko season 3, episode 6 (2006)
* "The Pretender", Gunsmoke season 11, episode 10 (1965)
* "The Pretender", I Can See You season 3, episode 4 (2022)
* "The Pretender", Queen of Swords episode 18 (2001)
* "The Pretender", Robin of Sherwood series 3, episode 10 (1986)
* "The Pretender", The White Princess episode 4 (2017)

## Novels

* Pretender, a 1979 novel by Piers Anthony and Frances Hall
* Pretender (C. J. Cherryh novel), a 2006 novel set in C. J. Cherryh's Foreigner universe
* The Pretender: A Story of the Latin Quarter, a 1914 novel by Robert W. Service
* The Pretender (German: Der falsche Nero), a 1936 novel by Lion Feuchtwanger
* The Pretender, a 1991 novel by Louise Cooper; the second installment in the Chaos Gate trilogy
* The Pretender (Animorphs), a 1998 novel by K. A. Applegate; the 23th installment in the Animorphs series
* The Pretender, a 2002 novel by Jaclyn Reding; the first installment in The Highland Heroes series
* The Pretender, a 2003 novel by Celeste Bradley; the first installment in The Liar's Club series
* The Pretender, a. k. a. The Shadow King, a 2003 novel by Jane Stevenson; the first installment in the Astraea series
* The Pretender, a 2008 novel about literary forgery by David Belbin
* The Pretender: Rebirth, a 2013 novel by Steven Long Mitchell and Craig W. Van Sickle and the first of many novels based on the cult television series The Pretender

## Music

* The Pretender (album), a 1976 album by Jackson Browne
** "The Pretender" (Jackson Browne song), a song from the album
* "The Pretender" (Foo Fighters song), 2007
* "The Pretender", a song by Datarock from Red, 2009
* "Pretender" (Official Hige Dandism song), 2019
* "Pretender" (Lillasyster song), 2021
* "Pretender", a song by Madonna from Like a Virgin, 1984
* "Pretender", a song by Miike Snow from Happy to You, 2012
* "Pretender", a song by Steve Aoki, Lil Yachty, and AJR from Neon Future III, 2018
** "Pretender (acoustic)", acoustic version by AJR from The Click (Deluxe)

## Other uses

* Pretender (horse), a British Thoroughbred racehorse, winner of the 1869 Epsom Derby
* Pretender, a character concept introduced in 1988 in the Transformers: Generation 1 toyline
# Global (Todd Rundgren album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 57/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Global is the twenty-fifth studio album by American rock musician Todd Rundgren. It was released in April 2015 under Esoteric Antenna.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Todd Rundgren

## Personnel

* Todd Rundgren - all vocals and instruments, producer, cover art design
# Leibel

Leibel is surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Allan Leibel (born 1945), Canadian sailor
* Blake Leibel (born 1981), Canadian murderer
* Kyla Leibel (born 2001), Canadian swimmer
* Lorne Leibel (born 1941), Canadian sailor
* Rudolph Leibel (born 1942), American research professor
* Stanley Leibel (born 1927), Canadian sailor
* Terry Leibel, Canadian journalist and equestrian
# Vallonia eiapopeia

Vallonia eiapopeia is a small species, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Valloniidae.
# Kostyantyn Shults

Kostyantyn Eduardovych Shults (Ukrainian: Костянтин Едуардович Шульц; born 24 June 1993) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a defender.
In 2017, he moved from FK Atlantas Klaipėda to FC Džiugas Telšiai. He spent five seasons at Džiugas, playing 128 games in the A Lyga and Pirma Lyga and scoring 13 goals. In December 2021 he left Džiugas but returned in May 2022.