# Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in the northern Xinjiang, China. Its capital is Bole, also known as Bortala. It has a population of 475,483 inhabiting an area of 27,000 km$^2$ (10,000 sq mi). Despite being designated an autonomous area for Mongols in China, only a little over five and a half per cent of Bortala's population is Mongol.

## Etymology

"Bortala" comes from the Mongolian words boro tala, which mean "brown steppe".

## Geography

Bortala is located in the southwestern part of the Dzungarian Basin. It occupies a V-shaped basin between the Dzungarian Alatau in the northwest and the Borohoro Mountains in the southwest.
The prefecture borders Kazakhstan to the north and west, and has an international border of 385 km (239 mi). To the east it borders Wusu City and Toli County of Tacheng Prefecture; to the south it borders Nilka County, Yining County, and Huocheng County of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture.
The prefecture has two large lakes, Ebi-Nur and Sayram Lake.

## Administrative divisions

Bortala is divided into two county-level cities, Bole and Alashankou; and two counties: Jinghe County and Wenquan County. In addition, it is home to the Fifth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and its 11 regiment-level farms / ranches.
Map :
| Bole (city) Alashankou (city) Jinghe County Wenquan County |||||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Mongolian | Population (2010 Census) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Bole | 博乐市 | Bólè Shì | بۆرتالا شەھىرى | Börtala Shehiri | ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ | 235,585 | 7,802 | 30.19 |
| Alashankou | 阿拉山口市 | Ālāshānkǒu Shì | ﺋﺎﻻﺗﺎﯞ ﺋﯧﻐﯩﺰﻯ | Alataw Shehiri | ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ | 10,000(?) | 43 | 232.55 |
| Jinghe County | 精河县 | Jīnghé Xiàn | جىڭ ناھىيىسى | Jing Nahiyisi | ᠵᠢᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ | 141,593 | 11,189 | 12.65 |
| Wenquan County | 温泉县 | Wēnquán Xiàn | ئارىشاڭ ناھىيىسى | Arishang Nahiyisi | ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ | 66,502 | 5,862 | 11.34 |

## History

The Tang dynasty created the Shuanghe Protectorate [zh] in this area. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the area was the territory of the Oirats. Chahar Mongols were moved here during the Qing dynasty from Kalgan, while Torghuud Oirats moved eastwards from the Volga.
The People's Republic of China established the autonomous prefecture on July 13, 1954.

## Demographics

There are 35 nationalities in Bortala. According to the 2010 census, 65% of the 443,680 inhabitants are Han Chinese, while the remainder are Mongol, Uyghur, Kazakh, Hui or of other nationalities.

### Population by ethnicity as of 2000 and 2010.

| Ethnicity | Population 2000 | % | Population 2010 | % |
| Han | 284,915 | 67.18% | 288,220 | 64.96% |
| Uyghur | 53,145 | 12.53% | 59,106 | 13.32% |
| Kazakhs | 38,744 | 9.13% | 44,417 | 10.01% |
| Mongol | 23,927 | 5.64% | 25,125 | 5.66% |
| Hui | 19,053 | 4.49% | 23,180 | 5.22% |
| Dongxiang | 1,587 | 0.37% | 1,455 | 0.33% |
| Zhuang | | | 345 | 0.08% |
| Xibe | | | 273 | 0.06% |
| Tibetan | | | 271 | 0.06% |
| Tujia | | | 267 | 0.06% |
| Manchu | | | 193 | 0.04% |
| Russian | | | 114 | 0.03% |
| Uzbek | | | 90 | 0.02% |
| Kyrgyz | | | 74 | 0.02% |
| Others | 2,669 | | 550 | 0.12% |
| Total | 424,100 | 100% | 443,680 | 100% |

## Economy

In 2004 the prefecture had a total gross domestic product of 3.69 billion Renminbi (including the XPCC 5th division), an increase of 11.9% over the previous year. Annual total imports and exports totalled US$ 554 million, an increase of 96.8% over the previous year. Average annual salary was 11000 Renminbi, an increase of 7.6%; average annual pure income per capita for agricultural workers was 3904 Renminbi, an increase of 10.8%.

## Transport

Alashankou is a port of entry with both railroads and roads linking China with Kazakhstan; it is also one of China's national first-class port of entry (国家一类口岸). The volume of imports / exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang, and has been second to only Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia among land ports-of-entry in China for 8 days.