OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trumpet Concerto (Haydn)

Joseph Haydn composed the Concerto per il Clarino (Hob. VIIe/1) (Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major) in 1796 for the trumpet virtuoso Anton Weidinger. Joseph Haydn was 64 years of age. A favourite of the trumpet repertoire, it has been cited as "possibly Haydn's most popular concerto". Although written in 1796, Weidinger first performed the concerto four years later on March 28, 1800.

## Original instrument

Anton Weidinger developed a keyed trumpet which could play chromatically throughout its entire range. Before this, the trumpet was valveless and could only play a limited range of harmonic notes by altering the vibration of the lips; also called by the name of "natural trumpet". Most of these harmonic notes were clustered in the higher registers, so previous trumpet concertos could only play melodically with the high register (e.g., Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2). Haydn's concerto includes melodies in the middle and lower register, exploiting the capabilities of the new instrument. Haydn, fascinated by the invention, was inspired to write the concerto. He enjoyed experimenting with the instrument and its newly chromatic capabilities in all registers of the instrument. The concerto itself features a variety of chromatic shifts, achievable with the manipulation of the keys, to display Weidinger’s technical brilliance on the instrument.
There were attempts all over Europe around the mid-classical era to expand the range of the trumpet using valves, but Weidinger's idea of drilling holes and covering them with flute-like keys was not a success as it had very poor sound quality. Thus the natural trumpet still had continual use in the classical orchestra while the keyed trumpet had barely any repertoire. The valved trumpets used today were first constructed and used in the 1830s.

## Form

The work is composed in three movements (typical of a Classical period concerto), they are marked as follows:
* Allegro (sonata)
* Andante (A–B–A)
* Allegro (rondo)
In addition to the solo trumpet, the concerto is scored for an orchestra consisting of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings.

## In popular culture

In Hong Kong, this piece has been adopted as the theme of the sketch comedy Shanghai Woman (played by Lydia Shum) in TVB's variety show Enjoy Yourself Tonight. This piece has also been adopted in one of the songs of Wan Kwong.
It was used in the 2003 Baby Einstein video Numbers Nursery.
The concerto's third movement was used in the popular Netflix TV Series, Squid Game.
# Davis Correctional Facility

Davis Correctional Facility is a 1600-bed, medium/ maximum security prison for men located in Holdenville, Oklahoma. It is owned and run by Corrections Corporation of America under contract with the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
# Geography of Tamil Nadu

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest state in India and covers an area of 130,058 square kilometres (50,216 sq mi). It is bordered by Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the northwest, Andhra Pradesh to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Indian Ocean to the south. Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula is located in south of Tamil Nadu.

## Terrain

The western, southern and north-western parts are hilly and mix of vegetation and arid. Tamil Nadu is the only state in India that has both the Western Ghat and the Eastern Ghat mountain ranges which both meet at the Nilgiri Hills. The Western Ghats dominate the entire western border with Kerala, effectively blocking much of the rain-bearing clouds of the South West Monsoon from entering the state. The eastern parts are fertile coastal plains. The northern parts are a mix of hills and plains. The central and the south-central regions are arid plains.

## Natural hazards

Tamil Nadu has a coastline of about 1,076 kilometres (700 mi) which is the country's second longest coastline after Gujarat, Tamil Nadu's coastline bore the brunt of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami when it hit India, which caused 7,793 direct deaths in the state. Tamil Nadu falls mostly in a region of low seismic hazard with the exception of the western border areas that lie in a low to moderate hazard zone. Parts of this region have seismic activity bagging the M5.0 range.

## Climate

Tamil Nadu is heavily dependent on monsoon rains, and thereby is prone to droughts when the monsoons fail. The climate of the state ranges from wet rainforests to semi-arid plains, with some interior locations bordering on a desert climate. Agriculture in Tamil Nadu is a gamble on the monsoon. The state has distinct periods of rainfall, which are the advancing monsoon period, South-west monsoon (from June to September) with strong southwest winds, the North-east monsoon (from October to December), with dominant northeast winds, and the Dry season (from January to May). The normal annual rainfall of the state is about 945 mm (37.2 in), of which 48% is through the North East monsoon, and 32% through the South West monsoon. Since the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought.
# Moussa Okanla

Moussa Okanla (2 September 1950 – 2 March 2022) was a Beninese scholar and diplomat. Okanla was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government named on 17 June 2007, and was replaced by Jean-Marie Ehouzou on 22 October 2008.

## Education

He attended primary and secondary schools in his hometown, Porto-Novo, French Dahomey, French West Africa, France, from 1957 through 1971. Then he enrolled in the University of Dahomey (currently University of Abomey-Calavi) where he was awarded the bachelor's degree in History. In 1974 he entered the Master's program at the International Relations Institute of Cameroon Yaounde, he completed the master's degree in 1976. After spending one academic year in Gabon as a lecturer at the Ecole Normale Supérieure du Gabon, Libreville, he entered the doctoral program at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Okanla held a PhD in political science, specializing in international relations, from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

## Career

Okania was latterly a lecturer in Political Science in the University of Abomey-Calavi and a lecturer in International Relations at Houdegbe North American University (Benin). From 1987 to 1994, he was the Benin Representative of the African and Afroamerican Institute (AAI) based in New York.
From 1991 to 1994, he was the Technical Advisor for International Cooperation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Benin Republic. From 1994 to 1998, he was the Specialist in Democracy and Governance for USAID regional office based in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. From 1999 to 2000, he was the Governance Advisor for UNDP bureau in Cotonou Benin.
From 2001 to 2003, he was the Deputy Director and Director of the Benin School of Public Administration and Magistrate. From 2004 to 2007, he was a Program Officer for PGDP, a program on governance funded by DANIDA and administered by NIRAS-Denmark. From March 2012, he was an Order of National Merit Commander.

## Personal life

Okanla died on 2 March 2022, at the age of 71.

## Selected publications

* Bibliography on Photovoltaics, Renewable Energy, and Their Social Impacts: Working copy (In collaboration with Allen F. Roberts; Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Afro-American and African Studies, 1982)
* The United States and Southern Africa: a test of theories of foreign policy (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1982)
* ”Les concepts de sécurité en Afrique”, in UNIDIR, Afrique, Désarmement et Sécurité (New York : Publications des Nations Unies, GV.EF.91.01,1991)
* « Benin :the struggle against corruption in theory and practice », in Center for Institutional Reform, and the Informal Sector, Governance and the Economy in Africa (College Park: University of Maryland, 1996)
* Démocratie et Gouvernance en Afrique : Etat des Lieux (in collaboration avec René Lemarchand, Abidjan : United States Information Service, September 1996)
* “Ethnicité et démocratisation en Afrique de l’Ouest: le rôle de l’Armée”, in Métafro Infosys, vol. 23, 1999, pp. 11–36
- "Après la Guerre Froide, quel role pour l'Afrique? (forthcoming)
# Chin Hoong Fong

Chin Hoong Fong (22 February 1935 - 19 March 2018) was a seed scientist who pioneered the storage of recalcitrant seeds in the 1970s. He was the Honorary Research Fellow of Bioversity International and Professor Emeritus at the Department of Crop Science at the Universiti Putra Malaysia. He served on the Board of Trustees of the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), now Bioversity International (1987-1992), the Advisory Committee on Seed Storage, and the Committee of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, and he chaired the Technical Committee on Seed Storage of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA).

## Early life and education

Chin was brought up in an urban agriculture setting on Jalan Ampang in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. His family reared chickens and they had five to six different species of fruit trees, flowering plants and vegetables. He recalled that his general interest in agriculture increased when he joined his school's science society.
Chin started his schooling at age 11 at the Methodist Boys School after World War II.
In 1955, after completing his secondary school education, Chin told his mother that he wanted to further his studies in agricultural sciences at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He did his matriculation at the University High School in Melbourne and then took up agricultural science in the University of Melbourne, graduating with a Bachelor of Agricultural Science in 1960.

## Career

In 1961, he started work as a lecturer at the College of Agriculture Serdang, known today as Universiti Putra Malaysia. While working, he obtained his master's degree and PhD in Agricultural Science from the University of Melbourne. In 1973, he returned to serve in UPM. He was appointed associate professor in 1975, Professor in 1981 and Professor Emeritus in 1996 by UPM. In 1994, Chin was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Agricultural Science by University of Melbourne in recognition of his contributions to the University of Melbourne and international agriculture.
Chin was also one of the founding Editors-in-Chief of Pertanika journal. He was instrumental in the initial establishment of Pertanika and served as Editor-in-Chief of Pertanika from 1983 to 1996.

## Contribution

Between 1993 and 2013, he has contributed 1,360 books from his private collection including 13 books written or edited by him.

## Award and recognition

* Malaysia :
** Johan Setia Mahkota Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (J.S.M.) – 1990
# Stjärnhuset

Stjärnhuset ("The Star House") was the Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar TV series mainly for children that was broadcast in 1981.

## Plot

Mytha, played by Sif Ruud, tells for Astro (Johannes Brost) about the constellations. Astronomy talk is mixed with stories from the Greek mythology.

## Video

The series was released to DVD on 26 October 2011.
# A. C. Crowder

Arthur Campbell Crowder, Sr. (July 16, 1868 – September 15, 1936) was the mayor of Jackson, Mississippi, from 1909 to 1913.

## Early life

Arthur Campbell Crowder was born on July 16, 1868, in Fluvanna County, Virginia, to John Meredith and Mary Boardman (Jones) Crowder. He was one of two sons. While an infant, his family moved to Huntsville, Alabama, where his father worked in the real estate and insurance business and operated a sawmill. His family moved to Birmingham, Alabama, in 1886. Crowder went to private schools. In 1889, he graduated from the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Alabama (now known as Auburn University), where he was affiliated with the fraternity Kappa Alpha Order. After graduating, he entered the insurance business.

## Political career

In 1898, Crowder moved to Jackson, Mississippi. He also served in many official positions there, including one term as alderman and two terms as president of the Cotton States Baseball League. He also served two terms as mayor of the city, from 1909 to 1913. He was the final mayor of Jackson in the aldermanic form of government. He was a Democrat. He returned to Birmingham in 1916.

## Later life

He became the Mississippi manager for the Prudential Life Insurance Company in 1902. After being promoted to manager of the Alabama and Mississippi section of the Prudential Life Insurance Company, he returned to Birmingham in 1916. He was the president of the Alabama Society of the Sons of the American Revolution from 1923 to 1924. He died in Birmingham, Alabama, on September 15, 1936.

## Personal life

In Jackson, Mississippi, he married Mattie Saunders, the daughter of Robert L. and Annie (Robinson) Saunders, on August 14, 1899. They had one son, Arthur Campbell Crowder, Junior. He was a member of the Masonic Order.
# Pavel Pavlyuchenko

Pavel Sergeyevich Pavlyuchenko (Belarusian: Павел Сяргеевіч Паўлючэнка; Russian: Павел Сергеевич Павлюченко; born 1 January 1998) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Maxline Vitebsk and the Belarus national team. He has also played at the U17, U19 and U21 levels for Belarus.

## Career
### International

Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Belarus main team on 13 November 2017 in a Friendly match against Georgia.
    As of match played 7 June 2024
Belarus national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| 2018 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | 5 | 0 |
| 2022 | 4 | 0 |
| 2023 | 1 | 0 |
| 2024 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 14 | 0 |

## Honours

Dinamo Brest
* Belarusian Premier League: 2019
* Belarusian Cup: 2017–18
* Belarusian Super Cup: 2018, 2019, 2020
Pakhtakor
* Uzbekistan Super League: 2023
# Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah

Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alam Shah (Jawi:مأمون الرشيد ڤركاس عالم شاه ‎) was the 9th king of the Sultanate of Deli. His title after his death was Marhum Makmur.

## Early life

He was born on a Sunday, 13 Zulhijjah 1271 H (26 August 1855), and became Sultan at a young age, so a regency and advisory body was formed consisting of Tengku Soelaiman, Tengku Viceroy of Deli, Tengku Soeloeng Laoet, Prince Bedagai State Wazir Deli, and Tengku Abdurrahman, Tengku Temenggong Deli. Once he reached the age of seventeen, he was officiated as Sultan of Deli.
During his reign, the advanced tobacco trade caused the Sultanate to reach its height of prosperity. The Sultan was presented two honorary ranks of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as a measure of thanks for his services. He was presented the Order of Orange-Nassau and De Ridder Van De Nederlandsche Leeuw Order. Under his reign, the center of government was transferred to Medan.

## Sultanate life

Sultan Ma'moen Al-Rashid Perkasa Alam established a palace in Kampung Bahar in 1886, which was finished in 1888.
The Sultan moved from Kota Bahari palace to the new Maimoon Palace in 1903, and also established a Court for the Office of the Sultan. In 1906 construction began for the Great Mosque of Medan in the city Ma'sum which was first used for prayers in 1909.
Tuanku Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rahmatsyah of the state of Langkat and Sultan Sulaiman Syariful Alam of the state of Serdang also attended Friday prayers during the Grand Mosque's prime. During his reign many public facilities were built for the betterment of society. He died in 1924, leaving three sons and five daughters. He was buried in the Great Mosque of Medan.
# The King

The King or His Majesty The King may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Fictional characters

* Eddie "The King" Faroo, in the 1992 film White Men Can't Jump
* Strip "The King" Weathers, in Cars
* The King, in Drawn Together
* The King, an alias of the DC Comics character King Standish
* Strip "The King" Weathers, the chess engine in computer game Chessmaster
* King of All Cosmos, in the Katamari video game series

### Film and television

* The King (1995 film), a Malayalam movie
* The King (2002 film), a Greek drama
* The King (2005 film), an American drama
* The King (2007 film), an Australian biopic
* The King – Jari Litmanen, a Finnish documentary
* The King (2017 South Korean film), a political crime drama
* The King (2017 American film), about Elvis Presley
* The King (2019 film), an historical drama film
* "The King", a an episode of the 2003 TV series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
* "The King", a 2010 episode of TV series The King Is Dead

### Music
#### Albums

* The King (Anjimile album), 2023
* The King (Benny Carter album), 1976
* The King!, by Illinois Jacquet, 1968
* The King (Teenage Fanclub album), 1991
* The King, a 2021 EP by Sarah Kinsley

#### Songs

* "The King" (The Playtones song), 2011
* "The King", by Accept from I'm a Rebel, 1980
* "The King", by The Chariot from Long Live, 2010
* "The King", by Enter Shikari from Nothing Is True & Everything Is Possible, 2020
* "The King", by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five from On the Strength, 1988
* "The King", by James Brown from the expanded re-release of Live at the Garden, 2009
* "The King", by Loreena McKennitt from To Drive the Cold Winter Away, 1987
* "The King", by Paul Brandt from This Time Around, 2004
* "The King", by Steeleye Span from Please to See the King, 1971
* "The King", by T.I. from Urban Legend, 2004
* "The King", by Conan Gray, 2019

### Sculpture

* His Majesty the King (Miró), a 1974 sculpture

## Other uses

* The King (nickname), a list of people with the nickname
# Melete (butterfly)

Melete is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. The genus was erected by William Swainson in 1831.

## Species

* Melete calymnia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)
* Melete leucadia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)
* Melete leucanthe (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861)
* Melete lycimnia (Cramer, 1777)
* Melete polyhymnia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865)
* Melete salacia (Godart, 1819)
# Maximilian Pronichev

Maximilian Mikhailovich Pronichev (Russian: Максимилиан Михайлович Проничев; born 17 November 1997) is a German-Russian professional footballer who plays as a forward for German 3. Liga club Energie Cottbus.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Zenit-2 Saint Petersburg on 11 July 2016 in a game against FC Sokol Saratov.
On 24 June 2021, he signed with Energie Cottbus.
On 1 July 2022, Pronichev signed a two-year deal with SV Horn in Austria.

## Personal life

His father Mikhail Pronichev played in the Soviet Top League for FC Lokomotiv Moscow, and later in Germany for FC Berlin where Maximilian was born.
# Puerto Rico Highway 170

Puerto Rico Highway 170 (PR-170) is a road located in Cayey, Puerto Rico. This highway begins at its intersection with PR-14 and PR-731 in downtown Cayey and ends at its junction with PR-1 and PR-206 in Matón Arriba.

## Major intersections

The entire route is located in Cayey.
| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Matón Arriba | 0.0 | 0.0 | PR-206 to PR-1 – Cayey, Salinas | Southern terminus of PR-170 |
| Cayey barrio-pueblo | 2.3 | 1.4 | PR-14 / PR-731 (Calle Luis Muñoz Rivera) – Cayey, Aibonito | Northern terminus of PR-170 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Springfield Hospital Center

Springfield Hospital Center is a regional psychiatric hospital located in Sykesville, Maryland, United States. It first opened in 1896.
William Patterson, a founder of the B&O railroad, built Springfield as a summer home and slave plantation on 3,000 acres. The estate was later purchased by Frank Brown who would become the Governor of Maryland. While serving as governor, he sold the estate to the State of Maryland for a mental hospital.
It is operated by the Maryland Department of Health through the Mental Hygiene Administration. The historic core of the hospital was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Warfield Complex, Hubner, and T Buildings in 2000.
# Huépac

Huepac is the seat of a Huépac Municipality in the center of the Mexican state of Sonora. The municipal area is 317.37 km$^2$ with a population of 1,142 registered in 2000. Most of the inhabitants live in the municipal seat.
Huépac was founded in 1644 by the Jesuit missionary Gerónimo de la Canal with the name of San Lorenzo de Güepaca. Its name comes from the Ópata Indian word, Güepaca, which means big valley ; from Güe big and paca, valley in Ópata.
The land is hilly with valleys and the main settlement lies at an elevation of 304 meters. The average annual temperature is 21.4 °C and the average annual rainfall is 424.0 mm.
The region is crossed by the Rio Sonora, which receives the waters of the El Gavilán, Güevarachi and Triunfo.
Agriculture and cattle raising are the two main economic activities. Corn and beans are raised for subsistence while grasses are grown for cattle fodder. The cattle herd numbered 15,000 head in 2000. The economically active population in 2000 was only 340 workers.
# Friesland (district)

Friesland is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the southeast and clockwise) the districts of Wesermarsch, Ammerland, Leer and Wittmund, and by the North Sea. The city of Wilhelmshaven is enclosed by—but not part of—the district.

## History

The Frisian region was ruled by local chieftains until the 15th century; see East Frisia for details.
In 1438 in the northern part of today's Landkreis Friesland the Lordship of Jever was founded. East Frisia was from then on regarded as a hostile territory, and many skirmishes between Jever and East Frisia took place during the 15th and 16th centuries. The last ruler of Jever was Mary of Jever, who ruled until 1575.
After her death Jever became a part of Oldenburg, but East Frisia made a claim for the territory as well. In the following decades East Frisia tried to block all roads between Jever and Oldenburg. It was not before the 17th century that the hostilities between East Frisia and Oldenburg ended.
From 1667 to 1793 Jever was an exclave of Anhalt-Zerbst, and after Napoleonic occupation the westernmost exclave of Prussia. In 1818 Jever became a part of Oldenburg again.
The southern part of today's District of Friesland is the "Friesische Wehde" ("Frisian Woods"), which also was most of the time part of Oldenburg. This region later formed the District of Varel.
The District was established in 1933 by merging the former districts of Jever and Varel under the name of "Friesland". In 1977 it was dissolved and divided between the neighbouring districts of Wittmund and Ammerland. The dissolution was declared unconstitutional in 1979 because it violated the rights of the former State of Oldenburg, and the District was re-established in its old boundaries in 1980.
Friesland is also a province in the northwest of the Netherlands.

## Geography

In the east the district is bounded by the Jade Bight, a shallow bay of the North Sea. The island of Wangerooge, one of the East Frisian Islands, is a part of Friesland.
The inhabitants of Friesland insist that they are not a part of East Frisia. This is somewhat confusing, since Friesland is situated east of East Frisia, and geographers regard Friesland as a part of that region. The distinction has historical reasons: Friesland was an independent state from 1438 to 1575 (see above for details). Then and afterwards the region bore the name "Friesland", although this is also the German name for the entire Frisia.
Part of the District is in the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park.

## Coat of arms

The lion is from the arms of the chieftains of Jever; it was the symbol of the Lordship of Jever. The blazon of the arms is: "Azure, a lion rampant Or, armed and langued Gules, and in chief two Greek crosses Argent".

## Cities and municipalities

| Cities | Municipalities |
| Jever Schortens Varel | Bockhorn Sande Wangerland Wangerooge Zetel |