# List of wars involving the Holy Roman Empire

This is a list of wars involving the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) (962–1806), since 1512 also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation, Latin: Sacrum Imperium Romanum Nationis Germanicæ).
    Victory
    Defeat
    Another result

## Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)

| Conflict and date | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Ruling King/Emperor |
| Otto I's raid on Poland (963) | Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Poland | Victory | Otto I |
| German–Danish War of 974 | Holy Roman Empire Norwegian Rebels | Kingdom of Denmark Kingdom of Norway | Victory | Otto II |
| Franco-German War of 978-980 | Holy Roman Empire | West Francia | Status quo ante bellum | Otto II |
| Otto II's raid on Poland | Holy Roman Empire | Civitas Schinesghe | Defeat | Otto II |
| Slavic revolt of 983 | Holy Roman Empire | Wends Lutici Obotrite | Defeat | Otto II |
| Polish-Saxon Invasion of Veleti (985) | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Veleti | Victory | Otto III |
| Polish-Bohemian War (990) | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Bohemia | Victory | Otto III |
| Polish-German invasion of Veleti (992) | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Veleti | Victory | Otto III |
| Polish-German invasion of Obotrites (995) | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Obotrites | Victory | Otto III |
| German–Polish War (1003–1018) | Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Poland | Peace of Bautzen | Henry II |
| Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis (1015–1019) | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Pechenegs | Kievan Rus' | Victory Temporary victory for Sviatopolk and Boleslaw Polish sack of Kiev | Henry II |
| German–Polish War (1028–1031) | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Saxony Duchy of Bohemia (from 1029) Kievan Rus' (from 1030) Kingdom of Hungary (1031) | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary (1029–1031) | Victory | Conrad II |
| Emperor Conrad II's military campaign against Hungary (1030–1031) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Defeat The Hungarians occupied Vienna | Conrad II |
| German-Hungarian Wars (1042–1043) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Victory | Henry III |
| Henry III's military campaign against Hungary (1044) | Holy Roman Empire Peter Orseolo and his allies | The army of King Samuel Aba | Victory Defeat of Samuel Aba, restoration of Peter | Henry III |
| War between King Peter and Prince Andrew (1046) | King Peter's army Holy Roman Empire | Prince Andrew's army Kievan Rus' | Defeat | Henry III |
| Emperor Henry III's military campaigns against Hungary (1051–1052) | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Kingdom of Hungary | Defeat | Henry III |
| German-Hungarian border War (1056–1058) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Stalemate treaty of Marchfeld | Henry IV |
| Civil War between King Andrew I and his brother, Prince Bela (1060) | King Andrew I's army Holy Roman Empire | Prince Béla's army Kingdom of Poland | Defeat | Henry IV |
| German invasion of Hungary (1063) | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bavaria | Kingdom of Hungary | Victory | Henry IV |
| Saxon revolt of 1077–1088 | Holy Roman Empire | German rebels Duchy of Saxony Duchy of Bavaria County of Luxembourg | Victory | Henry IV |
| German-Flemish war | Holy Roman Empire | County of Flanders | Status quo ante bellum | Henry V |
| Henry V's expedition to Poland | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Defeat | Henry V |
| War of Bohemian Succession (1125–1140) | Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Bohemia | Defeat | Lothair III |
| Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines 1125–1186 1216–1392 | Ghibellines' Holy Roman Empire 1st phase Holy Roman Empire 2nd phase Staufen (Empire) Pro-Staufen Sicily March of Treviso County of Urbino Pro-Ghibelline Florence Pro-Ghibelline Milan led by Della Torre Pro-Ghibelline Milan led by Visconti Republic of Siena Republic of Lucca Republic of Pisa Duchy of Modena Republic of Massa Pro-Ghibelline Montferrat Pavia Commune of Terni Asti Todi Santa Fiora Variable Italian city-states Empire of Nicaea | Guelphs' Holy See (Papacy) 1st phase Lombard League 2nd phase Welfen (Empire) Pro-Angevin Sicily Papal States Pro-Guelph Florence Pro-Guelph Milan led by Della Torre Pro-Guelph Milan led by Visconti House of Della Torre Commune of Bologna Republic of Siena Republic of Lucca Republic of Genoa March of Ferrara Republic of Massa Pro-Guelph Montferrat County of Savoy Republic of Ancona Patriarchate of Aquileia Lodi Perugia Mantua Orvieto Variable Italian city-states | 1st phase:Peace of Constance (1186) 2nd phase:Stalemate (1392) Decline of free communes;rise of signorie Diffusion of Black Death Extinction of Hohenstaufen dynasty Conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily by Charles of Anjou Interregnum after Frederick II's death Weakening of Imperial Authority over Italy | Frederick I Barbarossa Frederick II Henry VII Louis IV |
| German–Polish War | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Mieszko III the Old | Mieszko III the Old's victory/Roman defeat | Conrad III of Germany |
| Wendish Crusade (1147) | Crusaders Holy Roman Empire Bishopric of Havelberg March of Meissen March of Brandenburg Duchy of Saxony Archbishopric of Bremen Archbishopric of Mainz Bishopric of Halberstadt County of Holstein Bishopric of Münster Bishopric of Olmütz Bishopric of Brandenburg Bishopric of Merseburg Jutland-Kingdom of Denmark Zealand/Scania-Kingdom of Denmark Kingdom of Poland | Wends Obotrite Confederacy Obotrites Wagrians Liutizian Confederacy Wendish allies: Duchy of Pomerania | Victory March of Brandenburg reconquers Havelberg, County of Holstein expels its Wends | Conrad III of Germany |
| Second Crusade (1147–1150) | Holy Roman Empire Other Crusaders | Emirate of Damascus other Muslim and Pagan entities in East Central Europe, Iberia and the Near East. | Victories in East Central Europe and Iberia. Defeat in the Holy Land. | Conrad III of Germany |
| Frederick I's expedition to Głogów | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland Cumania Old Prussians | Victory | Frederick I Barbarossa |
| Henry VI's conquest of Sicily | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Sicily | Victory | Henry VI |
| Third Crusade (1189–1192) | Holy Roman Empire Other Crusaders | Ayyubids | Small Gains for the Crusaders. Jerusalem stays under Ayyubid control. | Frederick I Barbarossa |
| Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) | Crusaders from: Kingdom of France County of Blois County of Brienne County of Champagne County of Flanders County of Saint-Pol Holy Roman Empire March of Montferrat County of Hainaut  Republic of Venice | In Europe: Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Holy Land: Ayyubid Sultanate | Victory | Otto IV |
| Prussian Crusade | Holy Roman Empire Other Crusaders | Baltic pagans: Prussians Bartians Galindians Natangians Nadruvians Pomesanians Pogesanians Sambians Warmians Yotvingians (Sudovians) Skalvians Allies of Prussians: Grand Duchy of Lithuania Duchy of Pomerania | Victory Teutonic Knights gain control of Prussia | Frederick II |
| Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) | Crusaders:  Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal  Kingdom of Hungary  Kingdom of France Levant: Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of Cyprus Latin Empire Military orders: Knights Templar Teutonic Order Knights Hospitaller | Muslim forces: Ayyubids | Defeat | Frederick II |
| Anglo-French War (1213–1214) | Angevin Empire Kingdom of England County of Anjou Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Aquitaine Holy Roman Empire County of Flanders County of Boulogne | Kingdom of France | Defeat | Otto IV |
| Sixth Crusade (1227–1229) | Holy Roman Empire including in Personal Union:  Kingdom of Sicily  Kingdom of Jerusalem | Ayyubids | Kingdom of Jerusalem regains Jerusalem through peaceful negotiations. | Frederick II |
| War of the Lombards | Holy Roman Empire Pro-Imperial faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem Tyre Jerusalem Principality of Antioch and County of Tripoli Republic of Pisa Knights Hospitaller Teutonic Knights | Kingdom of Cyprus Anti-Imperial faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem Acre Beirut Arsuf Caesarea Republic of Genoa Knights Templar Papacy | Defeat | Frederick II |
| Great Interregnum 1245/50–1273/5 | Hohenstaufen party Frederick II (1245–50) Conrad IV (1245–54) Alfonso X of Castile (1257–75) Rudolf of Habsburg (1273–5) | Welf party Henry of Thuringia (1246–7) William II of Holland (1247–56) Richard of Cornwall (1257–72) Ottokar II of Bohemia | Compromise Unanimous election of Rudolf of Habsburg in 1273 Alfonso X of Castile renounced claim in 1275 |
| Hussite Wars (1419–1434) | Catholic Church, Crusades and Loyalists: Holy Roman Empire | Bohemian Wars: Hussite Movement | Eventual defeat for Radical Hussites, Victory for Moderate Hussites and Catholics | Sigismund |
| Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Defeat | Frederick III |
| Austrian–Hungarian War (1490–91) | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Victory Peace of Pressburg (1491) | Frederick III |
| Italian War of 1494–1498 | 1494: Kingdom of Naples1495: League of Venice Papal States Republic of Venice Kingdom of Naples Kingdoms of Spain Duchy of Milan Holy Roman Empire Republic of Florence  England (1496–98) Margraviate of Mantua  Republic of Genoa | Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Duchy of Milan (before 1495) Duchy of Ferrara (officially neutral) | Victory | Maximilian I |
| Swabian War (1499) | Holy Roman Empire Swabian League | Old Swiss Confederacy Three Leagues of the Grisons | Swiss Victory Peace of Basel Swiss Confederacy exempt from the resolutions of the Imperial Diet of Worms | Maximilian I |
| Italian War of 1521–1526 | Holy Roman Empire Spain England Papal States (1521–1523 and 1525–1526) | France Swiss mercenaries  Republic of Venice  Papal States (1524–1525) Marquisate of Saluzzo | Victory | Charles V |
| War of the League of Cognac (1526–1530) | Pro-Habsburg:  Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Ferrara  Republic of Genoa (1528–1530) Duchy of Mantua (1528–1530)  Papal States (1530) | League of Cognac:  Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries  Papal States (1526–1529) Swiss Guards  Republic of Venice Republic of Florence  Kingdom of England  Republic of Genoa (1526–1528) Kingdom of Navarre Duchy of Milan | Victory | Charles V |
| Little War in Hungary (1526–1568) | Holy Roman Empire Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Styria Duchy of Carniola Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Spain Papal States | Ottoman Empire John Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom | Defeat | Charles V |
| Conquest of Tunis (1535) | Spanish Empire  Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily  Holy Roman Empire  Republic of Genoa County of Flanders Kingdom of Portugal Papal States Knights of Malta | Ottoman Empire Kingdom of France | Habsburg and allied victory Sack of Tunis Muley Hassan of the Hafsid dynasty restored as client ruler of Tunis and Spanish-Imperial tributary. | Charles V |
| Italian War of 1536–1538 | Holy Roman Empire Spain | Kingdom of France Ottoman Empire | Truce of Nice | Charles V |
| Italian War of 1542–1546 | Holy Roman Empire Saxony Brandenburg Spain England | France Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Jülich-Cleves-Berg Denmark-Norway (1542–1543) | Inconclusive | Charles V |
| Schmalkaldic War 1546–1547 | Holy Roman Empire  Habsburg Austria  Electorate of Saxony Bohemian Crown  Habsburg Spain Habsburg HungarySupported by: Papal States | Schmalkaldic League:  Electorate of Saxony Hesse Electoral Palatinate Bremen Lübeck Brunswick-Lüneburg Württemberg Pomerania-Wolgast Anhalt-Köthen Brandenburg-Küstrin Lesser German states Supported by: England | Victory Capitulation of Wittenberg Schmalkadic League dissolved Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin | Charles V |
| Second Schmalkaldic War March–August 1552 | Imperial–Habsburg forces Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Austria | Protestant princes Electoral Saxony Hesse Prussia Brandenburg-Kulmbach Supported by: France | Protestant victory Peace of Passau (1552) Peace of Augsburg (1555) Three Bishoprics annexed by the Kingdom of France | Charles V |
| Long Turkish War (1593–1606) | Holy Roman Empire Transylvania Kingdom of Hungary  Papal States  Spain | Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive Peace of Zsitvatorok | Rudolph II |
| War of the Jülich Succession (1609–1614) | 1609–1610: Holy Roman Empire Principality of Strasbourg Prince-Bishopric of Liège Catholic League | 1609–1610: Margraviate of Brandenburg Palatinate-Neuburg United Provinces Kingdom of France Protestant Union | Treaty of Xanten | Rudolph II Matthias |
| War of the Montferrat Succession | Supporting the Duke of Mantua: Duchy of Mantua Montferrat Tuscany (1613) Spanish Empire France (1613–14) Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Naples Genoa | Supporting the Duke of Savoy: Duchy of Savoy Montferrat Tuscany (1613) France (1615–17) Venice | Victory Peace of Asti Savoy renounces its claims to Montferrat | Matthias |
| Uskok War | Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Croatia Spain | Republic of Venice Dutch Republic England | Treaty of Madrid (1617) Many Uskok pirates executed or exiled; Austrian garrison installed to check Uskoks. | Matthias |
| Thirty Years' War 1618–1648 | Imperial alliance prior to 1635  Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire  Bavaria Catholic League Post–1635 Peace of Prague  Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire  Denmark–Norway | Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635  Kingdom of Bohemia Sweden Palatinate Savoy Transylvania  Dutch Republic  Denmark–Norway Heilbronn League Hesse-Kassel Brandenburg-Prussia  Saxony Post–1635 Peace of Prague  France Sweden  Dutch Republic Hesse-Kassel | Peace of Prague (1635) Peace of Westphalia (1648): Peace of Münster (January 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic Treaty of Osnabrück (IPO; October 1648) between Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire Treaty of Münster (October 1648) (IPM; October 1648) between France and the Holy Roman Empire Consequences France annexes Décapole, and Sundgau Sweden gains Wismar, Wolin, Western Pomerania, and Bremen-Verden Brandenburg-Prussia obtains Eastern Pomerania Spain recognises sovereignty of the Dutch Republic Old Swiss Confederacy gains independence from the Holy Roman Empire | Ferdinand III |
| Upper Austrian peasant war of 1626 | Holy Roman Empire Bavaria | Austrian Rebels | Victory | Adam Von Herberstorff |
| Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) | League of the Rhine:  Kingdom of France  Holy Roman Empire  Electorate of Saxony  Brandenburg-Prussia  Electorate of Bavaria  Baden-Baden  Swabia  Piedmont-Savoy  Kingdom of Hungary  Kingdom of Croatia Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Ottoman Empire | Peace of Vasvár | Leopold I |
| Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) | Dutch Republic  Holy Roman Empire (from 1673)  Spain (from 1673) Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673) Lorraine (from 1673) Denmark–Norway (from 1674)  England (1678) | France  England (1672–74) Münster (1672–1674) Cologne (1672–1674) Swedish Empire (from 1674) | Treaty of Nijmegen Major French territorial gains France occupies Lorraine, Freiburg and Kehl | Leopold I |
| War of the Reunions | Spain Co-belligerent: Holy Roman Empire Genoa | France | Defeat Truce of Ratisbon | Leopold I |
| Great Turkish War (1683–1699) | Holy Roman Empire Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Republic of Venice  Spanish Empire | Ottoman Empire | Victory Treaty of Karlowitz The Habsburg monarchy wins lands in Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania and the Balkans. Poland-Lithuania captures Podolia. Russia captures the port of Azov. Venice captures Morea and inner Dalmatia. | Leopold I |
| Nine Years War (1688–1697) | Holy Roman Empire Dutch Republic England Scotland Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Portuguese Empire Swedish Empire (until 1691) | France | Treaty of Ryswick | Leopold I |
| War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) | Holy Roman Empire Austrian Monarchy Dutch Republic Prussia England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) Piedmont-Savoy Habsburg Spain Portugal | France Spanish monarchy Bavaria (until 1704) Cologne (until 1702) Mantua (until 1708) | Treaties of Utrecht (1713), Rastatt (1714) and Baden (1714) Philip is recognized as King of Spain, but once more renounces any claim to the throne of France Austria gains the crowns of Naples and Sardinia as well as the duchy of Milan and the Spanish Netherlands Savoy gains the crown of Sicily which is soon to be exchanged with Sardinia | Leopold I Joseph I Charles VI |
| Rákóczi's War of Independence | Holy Roman Empire: Austria  Prussia Margraviate of Baden Serbs from the Military Frontier Transylvanian Saxons Kingdom of Croatia Royalists Danish Auxiliary Corps Foreign mercenaries: Swiss Germans Italians Spaniards | Kuruc (Kingdom of Hungary) Principality of Transylvania Kingdom of France Minorities: Hungarian Slovenes Slovaks Rusyns Zipser Saxons Hungarian Germans Croats from Hungary Šokac and Bunjevac people Romanians in Hungary pro-Hungarian Serbs Foreign mercenaries and volunteers: Poles Wallachians Crimean Tatars Swedes Ottoman Turks Germans Lithuanians Moldavians Bulgarians Lipka Tatars Ruthenians | Victory | Leopold I Joseph I Charles VI |
| War of the Polish Succession (1733–1735) | Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Saxony Prussia Russia Poland Loyal to Augustus III | France Spain Savoy-Sardinia Duchy of Parma Sweden Poland Loyal to Stanislaus I | Treaty of Vienna Austria loses the crowns of Naples and Sicily to Charles of Parma Duchy of Lorraine to Stanislaus Duchy of Parma to Austria Grand Duchy of Tuscany to Francis Stephen Poland loses direct control over the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia | Charles VI |
| Liège Revolution (1789–1791) | Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Prince-Bishops of Liège | Liège Rebels Brabant Rebels Republic of Liège Supported by:Prussia | Foundation of Liège Republic (1789); reversion to Prince-Bishopric(1791); annexation by France (1795) | Leopold II |
| War of the First Coalition (mostly the Low Countries theatre) 1792–1797 | First Coalition: Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy (Austria) Kingdom of Prussia Electorate of Hanover Hesse-Kassel (until 1795) Great Britain Spanish Empire (1793–95) Kingdom of Naples (until 1796) Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Prussia (until 1795) Kingdom of Sardinia (until 1796) Army of Condé | Kingdom of the French (1792) French First Republic (from 1792) Republic of Bouillon (1794–95) Batavian Republic (from 1795) Ligurian Republic (from 1795) Cisrhenian Republic (1797) Cisalpine Republic (1797) other sister republics Spanish Empire (1796–97) Polish Legions (from 1797) | French Republican victory French monarchy abolished, republicanism spread across Europe All southern Low Countries and Left Bank of the Rhine annexed by France (1795) Treaty of The Hague (1795) Batavian Republic established as a French sister republic Peace of Basel (1795) Prussia and Hesse-Kassel withdraw from Coalition Spain allies with France (ending the War of the Pyrenees) Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) Habsburg monarchy accepts the loss of the Austrian Netherlands | Francis II |
| War of the Second Coalition 1798–1802 | Second Coalition: Holy Roman Empire (until 1801) Habsburg monarchy (Austria, until 1801) Russian Empire (until 1798) Great Britain (until 1801) United Kingdom (from 1801) Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Naples Ottoman Empire French royalists | French First Republic Batavian Republic Cisalpine Republic Helvetic Republic Ligurian Republic Roman Republic (1798–99) Parthenopean Republic (1799) other sister republics Spanish Empire | French victory France briefly conquers the Papal States and captures Pope Pius VI (1798–99) Treaty of Lunéville (1801) recognises Holy Roman Empire's loss of southern Low Countries to France Concordat of 1801: Pope Pius VII recognises the abolition of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège | Francis II |
| War of the Third Coalition 1803–1806 (part of the Napoleonic Wars) | Third Coalition: United Kingdom Sweden (1804–06) Russian Empire (1805–06) Holy Roman Empire (1805) Austrian Empire (1805) Kingdom of Naples (1805–06) Kingdom of Sicily (1805–06) | First French Empire Batavian Republic Etruria Italy Spain Bavaria Württemberg | French victory Treaty of Pressburg (1805): Austrian Empire leaves Coalition Consolidation of the First French Empire Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine Formation of the Fourth Coalition a few months later | Francis II |