OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Missouri Route 31

Route 31 is a highway in northwestern Missouri. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 169 in northwestern De Kalb County; its southern terminus is at US 169 southeast of St. Joseph.
Route 31 was one of the original 1922 state highways. Its northern terminus was originally five miles further north in King City at Route 4. That section of Route 31 became part of U.S. Route 169.

## Route description

Route 31 begins in Buchanan County, at the intersection of US Route 169 and 120 SE Road, where it heads northward. It passes through Easton, where a T intersection is formed with Route N, before meeting with US Route 36. Route 31 runs east, concurrent with 36, where it moves into DeKalb County, before they split at the intersection with Spruce Road.
After the split, Route 31 runs north to meet Missouri Route 6, where they run concurrently. The routes run through Clarksdale after the merge, before they turn east and split. Route 31 runs north, before once again meeting with US 169 at the former's northern terminus.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Buchanan | Tremont Township | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 169 – St. Joseph, Gower | Southern terminus |
| Buchanan | Tremont Township | 1.590 | 2.559 | Route T to US 169 | Eastern terminus of Route T |
| Buchanan | Tremont Township | 1.983 | 3.191 | Route NN | Western terminus of Route NN |
| Buchanan | Easton | 4.468 | 7.191 | Route N (Elijah Road) – Hemple | Western terminus of Route N |
| Buchanan | Marion Township | 6.206 | 9.988 | US 36 – St. Joseph, Stewartsville | Southern end of US 36 concurrency |
| Buchanan | Marion Township | 7.776 | 12.514 | Route AB to Route 6 | Southern terminus of Route AB |
| DeKalb | Washington Township | 10.404 | 16.744 | US 36 – St. Joseph, Stewartsville | Northern end of US 36 concurrency |
| DeKalb | Washington Township | 10.956 | 17.632 | Route 6 – St. Joseph | Southern end of Route 6 concurrency |
| DeKalb | Washington Township | 14.102 | 22.695 | Route P – Clarksdale | |
| DeKalb | Washington Township | 14.925 | 24.019 | Route O | Western terminus of Route O |
| DeKalb | Sherman Township | 19.913 | 32.047 | Route V – Helena | Eastern terminus of Route V |
| DeKalb | Sherman Township | 20.808 | 33.487 | Route 6 – Maysville | Northern end of Route 6 concurrency |
| DeKalb | Polk Township | 26.852 | 43.214 | US 169 / Route E – Union Star, King City, Fairport | Northern terminus; Western terminus of Route E |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Réunion olive white-eye

The Réunion olive white-eye (Zosterops olivaceus) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is found on Réunion. Its natural habitats are boreal forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.

## Description

like the name suggests the bird is olive green on the back and yellow on the rump, gray on the belly and black on the head. Its eye is surrounded by a circle of white feathers. The male and female are undifferentiated.

## Habitat

This bird lives in, between 500 and 2,500 meters. It is frequently found in the Réunion National Park or in the Bélouve forest. He likes places where the yellow flower tree "Hypericum lanceolatum" grow. Its thin, slightly curved beak allows it to reach the nectar of flowers.

## Behavior

The green bird is always on the move. It has difficulty supporting the presence of conspecifics and can be aggressive.

## Diet

The green bird is mainly nectarivorous but it also feeds on fruit pulp and insects.

## Breeding

Breeding takes place from June/July to January. The female lays 2 to 3 eggs in a cup-shaped nest made of twigs, down and moss. Several couples can live together in the same nest, taking turns brooding the broods of their roommates.

## History

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the Reunion olive white-eye in his Ornithologie based on a specimen that had been brought to Paris from Île Bourbon (now Réunion), but which Brisson mistakenly believed had been collected in Madagascar. He used the French name Le grimpereau olive de Madagascar and the Latin Certhia Madagascariensis Olivaceus. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the Reunion olive white-eye. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Certhia olivacea and cited Brisson's work. He followed Brisson and gave the type location as Madagascar instead of Réunion. This species is now placed in the genus Zosterops that was introduced by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827. There are no recognised subspecies.

## Annexe
### Informations complémentaires

* List of bird species in Reunion Island.
* Endemic fauna of Reunion Island
# 1968 in Germany

Events in the year 1968 in Germany.

## Incumbents

* President – Heinrich Lübke
* Chancellor – Kurt Georg Kiesinger

## Events

* Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968
* May 30 - German Emergency Acts
* June 21 - July 2 - 18th Berlin International Film Festival
* June 27-October 4 - 4. documenta
* Neue Nationalgalerie opened in Berlin.

## Births

* January 2 – Matthias Berger, German politician
* January 11 – Benjamin List, German organic chemist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* February 27 - Samuel Kummer, German organist (died 2024)
* March 6 - Smudo, German singer
* April 6 - Oliver Korittke, German actor
* April 8 - Gabriele Fähnrich, German gymnast
* April 20 - Jens Weidmann, German economist, president of the Deutsche Bundesbank, and Chairman of the Board of the Bank for International Settlements
* April 21 - Tita von Hardenberg, German journalist and television presenter
* April 25 - Thomas Strunz, German football player
* April 29 - Michael Herbig, German film actor and director
* April 29 - Jürgen Vogel, German actor
* May 1 - Oliver Bierhoff, German football player
* May 2 - August François von Finck, German businessman
* May 5 - Peter Frank, German lawyer
* May 9 - Hardy Krüger Jr., German actor
* May 19 - Sonja Zietlow, German television presenter
* June 8 - Torsten Gutsche, German canoeist
* June 29 - Tilo Kummer, German politician
* July 16 - Marcel Machill, German journalist
* August 2 - Stefan Effenberg, German football player
* August 17 - Anja Fichtel, German fencer
* September 11 - Andreas Tews, German boxer
* September 23 - Gabriele Reinsch, German athlete
* September 29 - Svenja Schulze, German politician
* October 13 - Kay Bluhm, German canoeist
* October 18 - Michael Stich, German tennis player
* November 19
** Katarina Barley, German politician
** Anja Vanrobaeys, Belgian politician
* November 21 - Inka Bause, German actress, singer and television presenter
* November 24 - Martin Schneider, German footballer
* December 18 - Mario Basler, German footballer
* December 30 - Thomas D, German singer

## Deaths

* January 2 - Cuno Hoffmeister, German astronomer (born 1892)
* February 23 - Emil Hirschfeld, German athlete (born 1903)
* February 28 - Hans Lohmeyer, German politician and jurist (born 1881)
* April 16 — Albert Betz, German physicist and a pioneer of wind turbine technology (born 1885)
* May 25 - Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (born 1881)
* May 30 - Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine (born 1908)
* June 18 - Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, German general (born 1885)
* June 23 — Andreas von Aulock, Imperial Army officer and Wehrmacht general (born 1893)
* July 1 - Fritz Bauer, German judge (born 1903)
* July 19 - Käthe Kruse notable pioneer of German doll-making (born 1883)
* July 20 - Joseph Keilberth, German conductor (born 1908)
* July 28 - Otto Hahn, German chemist (born 1879)
* December 16 - Jürgen Moll, German football player (born 1939)
# Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 12 hour race

The men's 12 hour race was one of five track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. It was the final event of the 1896 Summer Olympics, ending at 5 p.m. on 13 April. Seven cyclists from four nations started. The event was won by Adolf Schmal of Austria, the only gold medal in cycling ever won by the nation, until Anna Kiesenhofer's win in the 2020 Women's Road Race. Schmal lapped silver medalist Frederick Keeping of Great Britain early, winning by that lap as the two were the only riders to finish. The 12 hour race was the last event to finish at the 1896 Games.

## Background

From 1896 to 1924 (excluding 1912, when no track events were held), the track cycling programme included events at a variety of distances that changed from Games to Games and ranged from the 1⁄4-mile to the 100 kilometres (and, even longer, the unique 12 hours race in 1896 that saw finishers nearly reach 300 kilometres). The 12 hours race was held only in 1896 and was the only time that an Olympic race was based on a set time rather than a fixed distance.

## Competition format

As the name suggests, the race was a 12-hour race with the cyclists trying to cover the greatest distance of the field. Pacemakers were allowed. All cyclists started together in a mass start.

## Schedule

The day was cold, windy, and rainy, with snow on the mountains. The weather was bad enough to cancel the rowing events scheduled for the same day as the race.
| Date | Date | Time | Round |
| Gregorian | Julian | Time | Round |
| Monday, 13 April 1896 | Monday, 1 April 1896 | 5:00 | Final |

## Results

The final cycling race began at 5 a.m. on 13 April. Seven athletes began the race, though four of them dropped out before noon and a fifth gave up in the afternoon. Schmal had lapped the rest of the cyclists early in the race and rode along with Keeping for the rest of the contest, winning by that one lap. The 12 hour race was never included again in the cycling program at the Olympic Games.
| Rank | Cyclist | Nation | Distance |
| | Adolf Schmal | Austria | 295.300 km |
| | Frederick Keeping | Great Britain | 294.946 km |
| — | Georgios Paraskevopoulos | Greece | DNF |
| — | Nikos Loverdos | Greece | DNF (3 hours) |
| — | A. Tryfiatis-Tripiaris | Greece | DNF (3 hours) |
| — | Joseph Welzenbacher | Germany | DNF (3 hours) |
| — | Konstantinos Konstantinou | Greece | DNF (3 hours) |
# Jan Pakulski

Jan Pakulski FASSA (born 1950 in Łódź, Poland) is a Polish-born Australian sociologist.
He received a master's degree in sociology in 1973 at the University of Warsaw, and has been living in Australia since 1975 where he completed a PhD at the Australian National University in 1980.
Pakulski taught at the University of Tasmania. He was named professor of sociology in 1998, served as head of the School of Sociology and Social Work from 1998 to 2001, and was executive dean of arts between 2001 and 2008. He has held the title of emeritus professor since 2014 and was a fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (2006+), at St Antony's College, Oxford, a visiting professor at Nanyang University, Singapore, and an affiliate at the Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality, Stanford University. He was also part of the editorial board of the Polish Sociological Review. From 2015, he served as a Professor at Collegium Civitas, Warsaw.
His book The Death Of Class (co-written with Professor Malcolm Waters) has been used as an undergraduate textbook.
His most recent publication, a chapter titled The Development Of Elite Theory in the Palgrave Handbook Of Elites is targeted at policy-makers and members of parliament.

## Awards and recognition

He was awarded the Golden of Cross of Merit from the Polish Republic (1991) for his activism for Polish-Australian relations, especially with respect to his work for the POLCUL Foundation for which he has served as director since 1980. He was President of the Australian Institute of Polish Affairs (AIPA) 2001–05, and 2009–13, and currently holds a position of Vice-President.

## Selected publications

* Social Movements: The Politics of Moral Protest, Melbourne Longman Cheshire, 1991.
* Postmodernization: Change in Advanced Society (with S. Crook and M. Waters) London: Sage, 1992 Chinese translation 1994.
* The Death of Class (with M. Waters) London Sage, 1996.
* Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe (eds with J. Higley and W. Wesolowski) London: Macmillan, 1998.
* Globalizing Inequalities Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 2004.
* Toward Leader Democracy (with A. Korosenyi) New York and London: Anthem Press, 2012 (paperback edition 2014).
* Leadership Failures in Australian Politics (with B. Tranter), Sydney and NY: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2015.
* The Visegrad Countries in Crisis (ed.), Warsaw: Collegium Civitas, 2016 (full text available).
* Palgrave Handbook of Elites (section editor and author in H. Best and J. Higley edition). London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2018.
# Tatra 30

The Tatra 30 is an automobile formerly made by the Czech manufacturer Tatra. It was manufactured between 1926 and 1928. From 1928 to 1931 the car was fitted with a newer engine and is therefore called the Tatra 30/52.

## Design
### Engine
#### Tatra 30

The Tatra 30 was powered by an OHV air-cooled four-cylinder boxer engine of 1679 cc, positioned at the front and giving a claimed output of 24 PS (17.6 kW). The maximum speed was around 90 km/h.

#### Tatra 30 Sport

The Tatra 30 Sport was powered by an engine of a similar design, but with 1910 cc, which gave it 32–35 PS (23.5–25.7 kW). This version was capable of speeds up to 130 km/h.

#### Tatra 30/52

During the modernization process the "52" engine was fitted. It had 1911 cc and 22 kW (30 PS; 30 hp). This was a transitory mid-version before the production of the successor fully began. It was manufactured for a period of about one year.
The Tatra 30 was gradually modernized until it was replaced by the Tatra 52.

### Backbone tube

Power was delivered to the rear wheels via a four-speed gearbox. The Tatra 30 featured a central backbone chassis, a hallmark of chief designer Ledwinka: the front axle was supported by a transverse leaf spring while a second transverse leaf spring supported the swing rear half-axle. The drive shaft was situated inside the backbone tube. The gearbox and engine are mounted in front of the backbone tube, while the differential is at the rear.

## Versions

The Tatra 30 was in the medium size category. Many different versions were made from four seat cabriolets to six seat limousines.

### Differences from the Tatra 52

* The Tatra 30 has mechanical brakes, while the Tatra 52 has hydraulic ones.
* The Tatra 30 is more angular, especially its fenders. A problem is that during the 1940s to 1960s, many cars were rebuilt, e.g. by the owner replacing a mechanical-brakes undercarriage for one with hydraulic brakes.
* Tatra 30 with Sodomka bodywork
* Tatra 30 rear
# Youngstown State Penguins women's basketball

The Youngstown State Penguins women's basketball team represents Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Horizon League. On March 14, 2024, Melissa Jackson was named the new head coach of Youngstown State University.

## History

The Penguins have made the NCAA Tournament three times (all coinciding with their Summit League tournament titles). Of the three, they have one postseason win, in 1998. As a 12 seed, they upset Memphis 91–80. They lost to North Carolina State 88–61 in the next round. As of the end of the 2015–16 season, Youngstown State has an all-time record of 568–546.

## Seasonal Results

Horizon League :
| Year | Overall Rec. | Conference Rec. |
| 2006–07 | 7–21 | 5–12 |
| 2007–08 | 14–17 | 8–9 |
| 2008–09 | 3–27 | 1–17 |
| 2009–10 | 0–30 | 0–18 |
| 2010–11 | 6–24 | 4–14 |
| 2011–12 | 10–20 | 4–14 |
| 2012–13 | 23–10 | 11–5 |
| 2013–14 | 15–16 | 10–6 |
| 2014–15 | 21–11 | 9–7 |
| 2015–16 | 21–13 | 9–9 |
| 2016–17 | 9–21 | 5–13 |
| 2017–18 | 16–16 | 11–7 |
| 2018–19 | 22–10 | 13–5 |
| 2019–20 | 13–17 | 6–12 |
| 2020–21 | 10–8 | 9–7 |
| 2021–22 | 24–7 | 18–4 |
| 2022–23 | 19–11 | 13–7 |

## NCAA tournament results

| Year | Seed | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 1996 | #15 | First Round | #2 Penn State | L 71–94 |
| 1998 | #12 | First Round Second Round | #5 Memphis #4 NC State | W 91–80 L 61–88 |
| 2000 | #15 | First Round | #2 Penn State | L 63–83 |
# Turkism Day

Turkism Day (Turkish: Türkçülük Günü) or Turkists' Day (Turkish: Türkçüler Günü) is celebrated on 3 May since 1945 in memory of the rallies in defense of Nihal Atsız, who was prosecuted for defamation by Sabahattin Ali, whom Atsiz called a Soviet spy in an article he wrote. For the second hearing in his trial against Ali, Atsiz's supporters welcomed him arriving at Ankara train station, where they burned books by Ali and Nâzım Hikmet. The rally was mainly by racists and Turanists who shouted slogans against communists. During the trial, they massed in the courtroom, as well in front of the court. They later marched to Ulus Square where they eventually clashed with the police. Following the rally, many participants were arrested and some of them were defendants in the Racism Turanism trial. Reha Oğuz Türkkan, Atsız, Alparslan Türkeş, Nejdet Sançar and others, who were imprisoned in the Tophane Military prison, held a reunion on 3 May 1945 to remember the rallies in support of Atsız. This was the start of a 'Turkism Day' celebration; Turkism day is celebrated by the Turkish Hearths, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) (under the name of Nationalists' Day), the Good Party (İyi Party), and other Turkish nationalist organizations. In 1967 the Union of Turkish Nationalists published a book in memory of Turkism day.
# Jamb statue

A jamb statue is a figure carved on the jambs of a doorway or window. These statues are often human figures-typically religious figures or secular or ecclesiastical leaders. Jambs are usually a part of a portal, accompanied by lintel and trumeau.
Two commonly known examples of jamb statues are the ones in Chartres Cathedral and those in Reims Cathedral; both locations are in France.
Chartres Cathedral's jamb statues contribute to a royal portal. Jamb statues have also been known in the past to contribute to the representation of social strata on different levels.
A connection between jamb statues and pilgrimage sculpture has been explored in the past in connection to the lion sign often occurring within jamb sculptures.
# Apozomus volschenki

Apozomus volschenki is a species of short-tailed whip-scorpions, also known as schizomids, in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2001 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet volschenki honours Erich Volschenk, collector of type specimens.

## Description

The body length of the female holotype is 4.4 mm. The colour is yellowish-brown.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Far North Queensland. The type locality is Surprise Packet Cave, Chillagoe.

## Behaviour

The short-tailed whip-scorpions are cave-dwelling, terrestrial predators.
# Bennett Cockayne House

Bennett Cockayne House is a historic home located at Glen Dale, Marshall County, West Virginia. It was built about 1850, in a vernacular I-house style. It is a two-story, wood-frame building with wooden clapboard siding and a slate roof. Also on the property are a contributing supply shed (c. 1900) and water pump (c. 1900). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
Built by Moundsville postmaster Bennett Cockayne c. 1850, the Cockayne house served as the first school house in what would later be known as the town of Glen Dale, WV. During the era of Bennett's son, Samuel A. J. Cockayne, whose footprints and initials are imprinted in the stone hearth of the farmhouse, the farm on which the home stood became well known worldwide for its merino wool. Samuel A. J. purchased sheep, cattle, hogs and other livestock from distant farms in order to produce the finest product.
In 1877, the farm was published in what some historians now consider to be “the most extraordinary 'county atlas' produced in the Nineteenth-Century” when a lithograph of the farm was included in the Illustrated Atlas of the Upper Ohio River Valley from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati. Samuel A. J. and his wife, Hannah Jane Alexander, whom he married in 1863, continued to work the farm for the rest of their lives and by the time their son, Samuel A., inherited the farmhouse and most of the farm in 1917, it had been renamed Glendale Farm.
Samuel A. carried on the farming tradition of the family and earned the designation of “county wool dealer” in 1917. He gathered wool from local farmers and, combined with his own wool, distributed products to eastern markets. In 1924, Samuel A. oversaw the naming of the town of Glen Dale in honor of the farm and, in the 1930s, he became a member of the Washington District board of education and postmaster of the city of Glen Dale.
Samuel A.'s son, Samuel A. J., took over the running of the family farm after serving in the military in World War II. After the war, and following the death of his parents, Samuel A. J. became increasingly reclusive. Although he continued to farm the land, until he sold part of it in order to make way for John Marshall High School in 1965, he chose to spend the majority of his life in only two rooms of the mansion. The house remained in the nineteenth century style, and now features over 1,500 family relics such as photographs and oil paintings of early descendants, a square grand piano complete with original bill of sale issued in 1881, books dating from the 1700s, handwritten letters from the 1800s and handmade furniture from over 200 years ago.
Samuel A. J. donated the house and its contents upon his passing in 2001. The city immediately began a partnership with the Marshall County Historical Society, aiding and expediting the efforts of the community to document, preserve and restore the Cockayne properties. The first major accomplishment of the Cockayne Historical Preservation Committee, which works within the Marshall County Historical Society, was the induction of the Cockayne Property into the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# Andrew McCreadie

Andrew Donald McCreadie (27 September 1863 – 16 April 1936) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Sunderland and appeared in two international matches for Scotland.
He played as a centre-back despite only measuring five foot, five inches tall. His brother Hugh McCreadie played for Rangers alongside him.
During his career, McCreadie won the Scottish league championship, the English league championship and the Scottish Cup.

## Death

McCreadie died on 16 April 1936 at the age of 72.
# Sinan Karweina

Sinan Karweina (born 29 March 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Swiss Super League club FC Luzern.

## Career

In June 2019, MSV Duisburg, newly relegated to the 3. Liga, announced the signing of Karweina on a two-year contract. Afterwards, he joined Türkgücü München for the 2021–22 season.
On 8 July 2022, Karweina signed a two-year contract with Austrian Bundesliga club Austria Klagenfurt, after his former club Türkgücü München had been relegated after filing for insolvency.
On 22 June 2024, he joined Swiss Super League side FC Luzern on a free transfer. He signed a deal for two years and will wear the number 10.

## Personal life

Born in Germany, Karweina is of Turkish descent and holds dual German-Turkish citizenship.

## Career statistics

    As of 22 May 2021
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1. FC Köln II | 2017–18 | Regionalliga | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Sportfreunde Lotte | 2018–19 | 3. Liga | 24 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 3 |
| MSV Duisburg | 2019–20 | 3. Liga | 12 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 3 |
| MSV Duisburg | 2020–21 | 3. Liga | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 1 |
| MSV Duisburg | Total | Total | 31 | 4 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 33 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 57 | 7 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 59 | 7 |