OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amfetaminil

Amfetaminil (also known as amphetaminil, N-cyanobenzylamphetamine, and AN-1; brand name Aponeuron) is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine, which was developed in the 1970s and used for the treatment of obesity, ADHD, and narcolepsy. It has largely been withdrawn from clinical use following problems with abuse. The drug is a prodrug to amphetamine.

## Stereochemistry

Amfetaminil is a molecule with two stereogenic centers. Thus, four different stereoisomers exist:
* (R)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-08-4)
* (S)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-12-0)
* (R)-2-[(S)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-10-8)
* (S)-2-[(R)-1-Phenylpropan-2-ylamino]-2-phenylacetonitrile (CAS number 478392-14-2)

## Synthesis

Schiff base formation between amphetamine (1) and benzaldehyde (2) gives benzalamphetamine [2980-02-1] (3). Nucleophilic attack of cyanide anion on the imine (c.f. Strecker reaction) gives amfetaminil (4). Finally, reaction with nitrous acid gives (5). The rearrangement to a Sydnone then occurs to give CID:88166659 (6). Feprosidnine is sans the phenyl group.
# Frank Smith (1950s pitcher)

Frank Thomas Smith (April 4, 1928 – September 24, 2005) was an American professional baseball player. Born in Pierrepont Manor, New York, he was a right-handed pitcher over parts of seven seasons (1950–56) with the Cincinnati Reds (also called the Redlegs in 1953–56) and the St. Louis Cardinals. During his career, he compiled a 35–33 record in 271 appearances, mostly as a relief pitcher, with a 3.81 earned run average, 277 strikeouts, and 44 saves.
Smith died at his Malone, Florida home on September 24, 2005.
# Blue Note Jazz Club

The Blue Note Jazz Club is a jazz club and restaurant located at 131 West 3rd Street in Greenwich Village, New York City. The club's performance schedule features shows every evening at 8:00 pm and 10:30 pm and a Sunday jazz brunch. The club has locations across the globe in New York, NY; Waikiki, Hawaii; Napa, CA; Tokyo, Japan; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; São Paulo, Brazil; Milan, Italy; Beijing and Shanghai, China.

## History

The club was opened on September 30, 1981, by owner and founder Danny Bensusan, with the Nat Adderley Quintet being the featured performers for the night. Bensusan's belief was "that if he brought big acts into a comfortable environment with great food, he could pack the house night after night." The Blue Note was soon established as New York City's premier jazz club, with Dizzy Gillespie, Sarah Vaughan, Carmen McRae, Lionel Hampton, Oscar Peterson and the Modern Jazz Quartet among prestigious regular performers there. Bensusan booked Ray Charles for a full week every year. The Blue Note is still considered one of the world's most famous jazz venues and one of the best known and most expensive in New York. Chick Corea, Keith Jarrett, Oscar Peterson, Dizzy Gillespie, and James Carter have all recorded live albums at the Blue Note.

## Half Note Records

Half Note Records is the Blue Note's live record label, founded in 2001. Numerous musicians have recorded live albums at the Blue Note and released them on this label, including James Carter, Avishai Cohen, Elvin Jones, Odean Pope, Charles Tolliver, Jeff "Tain" Watts, Kenny Werner, Arturo Sandoval, Kenny Garrett and others. Since its founding in 1998, the label has also expanded its scope to include studio releases, including McCoy Tyner's 2008 album Guitars and Kenny Werner's 2010 release, No Beginning, No End.

## Festival
### New York City

Blue Note Entertainment Group hosted the inaugural Blue Note Jazz Festival in New York City in June 2011, with more than 80 performances in 15 venues throughout New York City. The annual, month-long event features artists who have been integral to the club's history, including Chris Botti, Dave Brubeck, McCoy Tyner, Nancy Wilson, and many others.
In 2023, the festival featured headliners such as Grace Jones, NxWorries, Robert Glasper, Pat Metheny, Buddy Guy, Bruce Hornsby & The Noisemakers and Chucho Valdés & Paquito D'Rivera.

### Napa Valley

Blue Note Jazz Festival expanded to Napa Valley in 2022.

## Gallery

* Program at the Blue Note Jazz Club, New York City, December 10, 2016
* Chick Corea's and John McLaughlin at the club on Corea's 75th birthday, December 10, 2016
* The Blue Note Jazz Club, August 2012
* Chick Corea Elektric Band at the club in 2007
* Blue Note Jazz Club, New Year's Day, 2006
* Ravi Coltrane playing at the Blue Note, New York City, in 2023
# Mustard oil bomb

The mustard oil bomb, formerly known as the glucosinolate–myrosinase complex, is a chemical herbivory defense system found in members of the Brassicaceae (or cabbage family). The mustard oil bomb requires the activation of a common plant secondary metabolite, glucosinolate, by an enzyme, myrosinase. The defense complex is typical among plant defenses to herbivory in that the two molecules are stored in different compartments in the leaves of plants until the leaf is torn by an herbivore. The glucosinolate has a β-glucose and a sulfated oxime. The myrosinase removes the β-glucose to form mustard oils that are toxic to herbivores. The defense system was named a "bomb" by Matile, because it, like a real bomb, is waiting to detonate upon disturbance of the plant tissue.

## Countermeasures

There are many examples of biochemical adaptations to the mustard oil bomb. One occurs in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. This worldwide crop pest feeds exclusively on members of the Brassicaceae and has developed a defense against the glucosinolate-myrosinase complex. The moth has an enzyme, a sulfatase, that it uses to desulfate the glucosinolate, meaning the myrosinase cannot locate and remove the β-glucose to form the mustard oils. Plant hosts contain a variety of glucosinolates; while all of them have the β-glucose and sulfated oxime. The diamondback moth, however, can apparently desulfate a wide range of natural glucosinolates - perhaps all.
# Yaroslavl electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)

The Yaroslavl electoral district (Russian: Ярославский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election. The electoral district covered the Yaroslavl Governorate.
In Yaroslavl town the Bolsheviks obtained 13,974 votes, Kadets 7,268 votes, SRs 3,303 and Mensheviks 2,853.

## Results

Yaroslavl :
| Party | Vote | % | Seats |
| List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Governorate Soviet of Peasants Deputies | 197,465 | 43.06 | 3 |
| List 7 - Bolsheviks | 176,035 | 38.39 | 2 |
| List 2 - Kadets | 53,730 | 11.72 | 1 |
| List 4 - Mensheviks | 16,809 | 3.67 | |
| List 1 - Popular Socialists | 5,637 | 1.23 | |
| List 5 - Union of Landowners | 4,497 | 0.98 | |
| List 6 - Bloc of Traders, Industrialists, Artisans and Homeowners | 4,421 | 0.96 | |
| List 8 - ? | ? | ? | |
| Total: | 458,594 | | 6 |
Deputies elected :
| Konovalov | Kadet |
| Vishniak | SR |
| Kollontai | Bolshevik |
| Rykov | Bolshevik |
| Bolshakov | SR |
| Kilchevsky | SR |
# Bombieri–Lang conjecture

In arithmetic geometry, the Bombieri–Lang conjecture is an unsolved problem conjectured by Enrico Bombieri and Serge Lang about the Zariski density of the set of rational points of an algebraic variety of general type.

## Statement

The weak Bombieri–Lang conjecture for surfaces states that if $X$ is a smooth surface of general type defined over a number field $k$, then the $k$-rational points of $X$ do not form a dense set in the Zariski topology on $X$.
The general form of the Bombieri–Lang conjecture states that if $X$ is a positive-dimensional algebraic variety of general type defined over a number field $k$, then the $k$-rational points of $X$ do not form a dense set in the Zariski topology.
The refined form of the Bombieri–Lang conjecture states that if $X$ is an algebraic variety of general type defined over a number field $k$, then there is a dense open subset $U$ of $X$ such that for all number field extensions $k'$ over $k$, the set of $k'$-rational points in $U$ is finite.

## History

The Bombieri–Lang conjecture was independently posed by Enrico Bombieri and Serge Lang. In a 1980 lecture at the University of Chicago, Enrico Bombieri posed a problem about the degeneracy of rational points for surfaces of general type. Independently in a series of papers starting in 1971, Serge Lang conjectured a more general relation between the distribution of rational points and algebraic hyperbolicity, formulated in the "refined form" of the Bombieri–Lang conjecture.

## Generalizations and implications

The Bombieri–Lang conjecture is an analogue for surfaces of Faltings's theorem, which states that algebraic curves of genus greater than one only have finitely many rational points.
If true, the Bombieri–Lang conjecture would resolve the Erdős–Ulam problem, as it would imply that there do not exist dense subsets of the Euclidean plane all of whose pairwise distances are rational.
In 1997, Lucia Caporaso, Barry Mazur, Joe Harris, and Patricia Pacelli showed that the Bombieri–Lang conjecture implies a uniform boundedness conjecture for rational points: there is a constant $B_{g,d}$ depending only on $g$ and $d$ such that the number of rational points of any genus $g$ curve $X$ over any degree $d$ number field is at most $B_{g,d}$.
# List of Missouri secretaries of state

The people below have served as the Secretary of State of the U.S. state of Missouri.

## List

| # | Name | Party | Term | Home county |
| 1 | Joshua Barton | Democratic-Republican | 1820–1821 | St. Louis |
| 2 | William Grymes Pettus | Democratic-Republican | 1821–1824 | St. Charles |
| 3 | Hamilton Rowan Gamble | Democratic-Republican | 1824–1826 | St. Louis |
| 4 | Spencer Darwin Pettis | Democratic | 1826–1828 | St. Louis |
| 5 | Priestly H. McBride | Democratic | 1829–1830 | Boone |
| 6 | John C. Edwards | Democratic | 1830–1835 | Cole |
| 7 | Henry Shurlds | Democratic | 1835–1837 | Washington |
| 8 | John C. Edwards | Democratic | 1837 | Cole (now Callaway) |
| 9 | Peter Garland Glover | Democratic | 1837–1839 | Callaway |
| 10 | James Lawerence Minor | Democratic | 1839–1845 | Marion |
| 11 | Faulkland Heard Martin | Democratic | 1845–1849 | Jefferson |
| 12 | Ephraim Brevard Ewing | Democratic | 1849–1853 | Ray |
| 13 | John M. Richardson | Democratic | 1853–1857 | Greene |
| 14 | Benjamin Franklin Massey | Democratic | 1857–1861 | Jasper |
| 15 | Mordecai Oliver | Unionist | 1861–1865 | Greene |
| 16 | Francis A. Rodman | Republican | 1865–1871 | Buchanan |
| 17 | Eugene F. Weigel | Democratic | 1871–1875 | St. Louis |
| 18 | Michael Knowles McGrath | Democratic | 1875–1889 | St. Louis |
| 19 | Alexander A. Lesueur | Democratic | 1889–1901 | Lafayette |
| 20 | Sam Baker Cook | Democratic | 1901–1905 | Audrain |
| 21 | John Ephraim Swanger | Republican | 1905–1909 | Sullivan |
| 22 | Cornelius Roach | Democratic | 1909–1917 | Jasper |
| 23 | John Leo Sullivan | Democratic | 1917–1921 | Pettis |
| 24 | Charles U. Becker | Republican | 1921–1933 | Polk |
| 25 | Dwight H. Brown | Democratic | 1933–1944 | Butler |
| 26 | Gregory C. Stockard | Republican | 1944–1945 | Cole (now Callaway) |
| 27 | Wilson Bell | Democratic | 1945–1947 | Washington |
| 28 | Edgar C. Nelson | Democratic | 1947–1949 | Cooper |
| 29 | Walter H. Toberman | Democratic | 1949–1960 | St. Louis |
| 30 | Robert W. Crawford | Democratic | 1960–1961 | Vernon |
| 31 | Warren E. Hearnes | Democratic | 1961–1965 | Mississippi |
| 32 | James Kirkpatrick | Democratic | 1965–1985 | Henry Barton Cole (now Callaway) |
| 33 | Roy Blunt | Republican | 1985–1993 | Greene |
| 34 | Judith Moriarty | Democratic | 1993–1994 | Pettis |
| 35 | Richard Hanson | Democratic | 1994 | Cole (now Callaway) |
| 36 | Rebecca McDowell Cook | Democratic | 1994–2001 | Cape Girardeau |
| 37 | Matt Blunt | Republican | 2001–2005 | Greene |
| 38 | Robin Carnahan | Democratic | 2005–2013 | Phelps |
| 39 | Jason Kander | Democratic | 2013–2017 | Jackson |
| 40 | Jay Ashcroft | Republican | 2017–2025 | Cole |
| 41 | Denny Hoskins | Republican | 2025–present | TBD |
# Manfred Osei Kwadwo

Manfred Osei Kwadwo (born 30 May 1995) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for German club VfR Mannheim.

## Career

In August 2017, Osei Kwadwo agreed to a contract extension with 1. FC Kaiserslautern until 2020.
He joined SV Waldhof Mannheim in November 2020.
# White Kittitians and Nevisians

White Kittitians and Nevisians are people of Saint Kitts and Nevis of European descent. Approximately 2.2% of the population of Saint Kitts and Nevis was European as of 2001.

## History

Before the arrival of Europeans, the island was initially inhabited by the Arawak who came from South America. The Arawaks were killed off by warlike Caribs. Christopher Columbus was the first European who sighted the island in the year 1493. The indigenous population died of European diseases. Although the island was first claimed by Spain, Saint Kitts and Nevis had no gold and riches in order to attract the Spanish.
The first Europeans to visit the islands were the Spanish. A substantial portion of the white population in Saint Kitts and Nevis claims descent from Irish and Scottish prisoners exiled to the islands during the rule of Oliver Cromwell. By 1805, 1,500 whites lived on the island of Saint Kitts and 1,300 lived on Nevis. The English were the first Europeans to colonize St. Kitts. When Europeans visited the island of Nevis, the island was mostly inhabited by indigenous Caribs and Arawaks.

## Notable people

* William Skinner (1700–1780), Chief Royal Engineer
* Rawlins Lowndes (1721–1800), Governor of South Carolina
* Daniel Roberdeau (1727–1795), signatory of the Articles of Confederation
* Thomas Mathews (1742–1812), General of the American Revolutionary War
* Alexander Hamilton (1755–1804), Founding Father of the United States
* Frances Nelson (1758–1831), wife of Admiral Horatio Nelson
* Thomas Cottle (1761–1828), lawyer and planter
* Joseph Gerrald (1761–1828), political reformer
* Alfred Stephen (1802–1894), Chief Justice of New South Wales
* William Henry Smith (1826–1890), Member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly
* Henry Spencer Berkeley (1851–1918), Attorney General of Fiji
* James Alfred Dunn Podd (1855–1886), Baptist preacher
* Arthur Anslyn MBE (1944–2017), marine expert
* George Astaphan (1946–2006), physician
* Cloey Uddenberg (born 2002), footballer
# Foal's Bread

Foal's Bread is a 2011 novel by Australian author Gillian Mears.
It was the winner of the 2012 ALS Gold Medal, the Age Book of the Year for Fiction, the Prime Minister's Literary Award for Fiction, and the Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Fiction. It was also shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Award and the Barbara Jefferis Award.

## Plot summary

The main subject of the novel is the golden era of Australian show-jumping between the wars. Roley Nancarrow is the 1926 high jump record holder for New South Wales, and, while competing one day at a country show, is captivated by Noah Childs, a 14-year-old drover's daughter, who can coax tired old horses into extraordinary feats. Riding out in a storm one day, Nancarrow is struck by lightning. The novel examines his steady decline into paralysis from the lightning-strike and the effect this has on his horse-riding passion and relationship with Noah.

## Awards

* 2011 winner Colin Roderick Award
* 2012 winner Victorian Premier's Literary Awards — The Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction
* 2012 winner The Age Book of the Year — Fiction Prize
* 2012 shortlisted Booksellers Choice Award
* 2012 shortlisted Indie Book Awards Book of the Year – Fiction
* 2012 winner ALS Gold Medal
* 2012 shortlisted Barbara Jefferis Award
* 2012 shortlisted Miles Franklin Literary Award
* 2012 shortlisted Australian Book Industry Awards (ABIA) — Australian General Fiction Book of the Year
* 2012 shortlisted Australian Book Industry Awards (ABIA) — Australian Book of the Year
* 2012 shortlisted Nita Kibble Literary Award
* 2012 winner Prime Minister's Literary Awards — Fiction
* 2013 longlisted International Dublin Literary Award
* 2013 shortlisted New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards — Christina Stead Prize for Fiction
* 2014 shortlisted Adelaide Festival Awards for Literature — Award for Fiction
# WGUA-LP

WGUA-LP (98.1 FM), known as Radio Católica, is a low power FM radio station broadcasting a Spanish-language Catholic radio format. Established in 2016, WGUA-LP is licensed to Lawrence, Massachusetts, broadcasting from WCRB's tower in nearby Andover. Its studios are located in Methuen.
Radio Católica is owned by the St. Patrick Parish Lawrence Educational Radio Association.
# Allıkənd, Kalbajar

Allikand (Azerbaijani: Allıkənd) is a village located in the Kalbajar district of Azerbaijan. It is situated on the Lesser Caucasus Mountains at an altitude of 1640 m.

## History

As part of Russia, the village was part of the Javanshir district of the Elizavetpol province. According to the "Caucasian Calendar" of 1912, 110 people lived in Allikand village, mostly Azerbaijanis, listed as "Tatars".
According to the publication "Administrative Division of the ASSR", prepared in 1933 by the Department of National Economic Accounting of the Azerbaijan SSR (AzNEA), as of 1 January 1933, 321 people lived in the village of Allikand which was part of Kalbajar village council of Kalbajar district of Azerbaijan SSR (80 households, including 26 common and 54 individual; 166 men and 155 women). The national composition of the entire Kalbajar village council, which also included the settlements of Airimbinasi, Atallar, Boyagli, Daragishlag, Yukhari Gishlag, Kalbajar, Kilsalikand, Mammadushaghi, Shekerallar, was 90.3% Turks (Azerbaijani).
During the First Karabakh War in 1993, the village was occupied by Armenian armed forces. After the occupation, the village was destroyed.
On 25 November 2020, based on the trilateral agreement between Azerbaijan, Armenia and Russia dated with 10 November 2020, Kalbajar district returned under the control of Azerbaijan.
# Belmont Theatre

The Belmont Theatre, also known during its existence as the Norworth Theatre and the Theatre Parisien, was a Broadway theatre located at 125 W. 48th St., New York, New York. It was designed by architect Eugene De Rosa. It was active as a Broadway theatre from 1918 through 1933. It went dark in August 1933 after a revival of St. John Greer Ervine's John Ferguson closed. It did not reopen again until 1936 when it was active for one more year before being sold in 1937. It then operated as a movie theatre, mainly showing foreign language film, until 1951 when the building was demolished.

## History

Designed by architect Eugene De Rosa, the theatre was originally named the Norworth Theatre, and was named for its builder, the songwriter and actor Jack Norworth (best known for writing the lyrics to "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" and "Shine On, Harvest Moon"). Norworth built the theatre with the intent of managing it and using it as a place for he and his wife, the actress Nora Bayes, to perform. The theatre opened on January 28, 1918, with the musical revue Odds and Ends of 1917; a production which had transferred from the Bijou Theatre. Both Northworth and Bayes starred in the production along with the comedian Harry Watson Jr. and actress Lillian Lorraine.
Norworth's tenure as the operator and owner of the theatre was short lived, and he sold it just four months after it opened. Under its new owners, the theatre was renamed the Belmont Theatre with its first performance under its new name being Theresa Helburn's Crops and Croppers on September 12, 1918.
# Volodymyr Marchuk

Volodymyr Marchuk (Ukrainian: Володимир Павлович Марчук; born 27 August 1953) is a Ukrainian painter. Member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (1990). Head of the Volyn Regional Organization of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine (from 1994).

## Biography

Volodymyr Marchuk was born on 27 August 1953 in Kliusk, now the Turiisk hromada of the Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine.
In 1980, Marchuk graduated from the Lviv Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts (teachers: Teofil Maksysko, Volodymyr Ovsiichuk, Volodymyr Rybotytskyi). From then until 1994 he worked in Volyn art and production workshops.
For a long time, he was the main organizer and curator of exhibitions at the Art Gallery of the Volyn Organization of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine. Co-initiator and co-organizer of a joint long-term Ukrainian-Polish icon painting plein air in the village of Zamlynnia, in the border part of Volyn. During this event, half a thousand icons were created and exhibited 75 times in Ukraine and Poland.

## Works

From 1989 – participant of regional and all-Ukrainian exhibitions. Personal exhibitions – in Lviv, Truskavets (both – 2010); Chełm, Lublin, Ciechanów (all – 2013, Poland).
Creates in the fields of easel and monumental painting. His oeuvre includes works with deep symbolism and national color, in particular: landscapes, still lifes in realistic style, as well as paintings on sacred themes. Some of them are kept in the Volyn Art Gallery (Lutsk).
Main paintings:
* diptychs – "Na Svitiazi" (1988), "Obrazy" (2000);
* triptychs – "Sviati", "Velyka utopiia" (both – 1992); "Volyn. Narodzhennia siuzhetu", "Tryvoha", "Rivnovaha", "Dolia", "Poshuky mynuloho" (all – 1989), "Zvir zaliakuvannia" (1990), "Peretvorennia" (1991), "Povnia" (1994), "Dvoie" (1999);
* series – "Rekonstruktsiia" (1988), "Nostalhiia" (2008–2015).

## Awards

* Merited Figure of Arts of Ukraine (2017)
* Meritorious Activist of Culture (2012)
# Sphaeralcea gierischii

Sphaeralcea gierischii, Gierisch's globemallow or Gierisch mallow, is an endangered species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is native to the western United States, where it is known only from Utah and Arizona. It was described in 2002.

## Description

Sphaeralcea gierischii is a perennial plant. It produces clumps of dark reddish purple stems up to about a meter tall with a few bright green, lobed leaves. The flowers have petals up to 2.5 centimeters long. They are orange, or sometimes described as "grenadine".

## Distribution and habitat

There are only five known occurrences, with 90% of the population located within Mohave County, Arizona. It is threatened by open-pit mining for gypsum. The single occurrence in Utah is also threatened by off-road vehicle use and dumping.

## Ecology

Associated species include creosote bush, blackbrush, saltbush, yucca, ragweed, ephedra, rabbitbrush, prairie-clover, James' galleta, cheesebush, Anderson's desert thorn, prickly pear, indigo bush, and cliffrose.
The plant is nearly an obligate gypsophile, mainly limited to the gypsum soils of the Kaibab Limestone; it has also been seen on limestone soils. The gypsum is sought after and extensively mined in the area by a process that involves removing the top layer of rock, mining the gypsum-rich deeper layers, and filling the pit with the rubble of the top layer. This process is very destructive to the local habitat.

## Conservation

In 2012, it was proposed as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act. In 2013 it was granted endangered status.
Since 2011, Red Butte Garden's Conservation Department in Salt Lake City, Utah, has been conducting germination, propagation, and transplant studies at a site in Arizona, just South of St. George, UT. The studies are meant to assess the feasibility of reintroducing S. gierischii to reclaimed gypsum mine tailings.