# Barbaza

Barbaza, officially the Municipality of Barbaza (Kinaray-a: Banwa kang Barbaza; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Barbaza; Tagalog: Bayan ng Barbaza), is a municipality in the province of Antique, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,359 people.
Major sources of income of the people are derived from agriculture, fishing, trade and commerce, employment and remittances from abroad. About 94% of the total population have access to potable water. Five health centers serve 39 barangays. There is a 10-bed capacity government hospital staffed by 27 health personnel.

## History

Long after the discovery of the Philippines by the Spaniards led by Ferdinand Magellan on March 16, 1521, there was already an established settlement in a place presumably now Barangay Esparar. In later years however, the Moros from Palawan and Mindoro started coming to raid and plunder the inhabitants, and often abducted beautiful maidens and men to be made slaves. Because of fear, the inhabitants moved to a much safer place, in a narrow strip of land at the foot of Mount Dumangsal. The site of the new settlement up to this day is called Igtara. The population rapidly increased. When the Moros stopped coming, they decided to move down to a much wider plain. The settlement started to flourish and later a church and a town hall were built out of bamboo and cogon grass. Today, it is where Barangay Binanu-an stands. Binanu-an means "Ginbanwahan or Binanwahan".
The formation of a formal government which was headed either by a Teniente or a captain, started at Binanu-an. The settlement in Binanu-an lasted so long until sometime in the 17th century when the inhabitants, again, found a much better place to live in because it is nearer to the sea which yields fish in abundance. They decided to transfer from Binanu-an to the seashore by the bank of the once deep river called Nalupa. The new settlement was named Nalupa Nuevo. Permanent structures like a church and a Municipal Hall were built.
Unfortunately, sometime in the 18th century the settlement suffered another drawback. Dalanas River, one of the bigger rivers in Antique, used to overflow during heavy rains causing destruction to properties and lives of people living near the area. Alarmed by the situation affecting the settlement at Nalupa Nuevo, the Spanish Governor Enrique Barboza ordered to transfer the people to another site called Otngol which was at that time, part of what is now the town of Laua-an.
During the transfer of the settlement from Nalupa to Otngol the Municipal Government was already run by a Capitan. The first Capitan was ('Tan) Julian Flores. He was later succeeded by ('Tan) Roman Francisco, then by Capitan Justiniano Ogatis-Barrientos. It was during his administration sometime in 1886 when he worked out for the separation of the town from the Municipality of Laua-an. The town's name was changed to Barboza in honor of Spanish Governor Enrique Barboza of Antique. The spelling was later changed to Barbaza because of the difficulty in pronouncing the former name. To this day the town is officially named the Municipality of Barbaza.

## Geography

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 154.36 square kilometres (59.60 sq mi)  constituting 5.66% of the 2,729.17-square-kilometre- (1,053.74 sq mi) total area of Antique. Located in the central portion of Antique, Barbaza is 62 kilometres (39 mi) north from the provincial capital, San Jose de Buenavista. Barbaza has a total coastline of 8.5 km (5.3 mi) along the Sulu Sea.
The mighty Dalanas River is the longest and largest river system in Barbaza with a total length of 34.6 km (21.5 mi) long and has a Drainage basin area of 192 km$^2$ (74 sq mi), followed by Binangbang River 10.4 km (6.5 mi) and Nalupa River 5.3 km (3.3 mi).
Mount Nangtud is the second highest mountain in Panay Island located in the south west of Jamindan bordered in the North East of Barbaza , with an elevation of 6,804 feet (2,074 meters) above sea level. It is the second highest peak of Central Panay Mountain Range the longest and the largest mountain range in Western Visayas.

### Climate

Climate data for Barbaza, Antique :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64 (2.5) | 44 (1.7) | 58 (2.3) | 83 (3.3) | 204 (8.0) | 304 (12.0) | 334 (13.1) | 291 (11.5) | 310 (12.2) | 281 (11.1) | 172 (6.8) | 97 (3.8) | 2,242 (88.3) |
| Average rainy days | 12.5 | 8.9 | 11.3 | 14.1 | 24.2 | 28.0 | 29.6 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 28.1 | 20.2 | 15.2 | 248.4 |
| Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) ||||||||||||||

### Barangays

Barbaza is politically subdivided into 39 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
It is composed of 22 upland and 17 lowland barangays where upland area accounts for 88.43% of the total land area.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 060602002 | Baghari | 1.2% | 286 | 271 | ▴ | 0.54% |
| 060602003 | Bahuyan | 3.3% | 773 | 1,025 | ▾ | −2.78% |
| 060602004 | Beri | 3.8% | 889 | 704 | ▴ | 2.36% |
| 060602005 | Biga-a | 1.0% | 244 | 294 | ▾ | −1.85% |
| 060602006 | Binangbang | 0.9% | 201 | 211 | ▾ | −0.48% |
| 060602007 | Binangbang Centro | 3.5% | 829 | 750 | ▴ | 1.01% |
| 060602008 | Binanu-an | 1.9% | 451 | 396 | ▴ | 1.31% |
| 060602009 | Cadiao | 0.8% | 184 | 252 | ▾ | −3.10% |
| 060602010 | Calapadan | 0.5% | 125 | 122 | ▴ | 0.24% |
| 060602011 | Capoyuan | 8.7% | 2,026 | 2,016 | ▴ | 0.05% |
| 060602012 | Cubay | 3.4% | 792 | 777 | ▴ | 0.19% |
| 060602018 | Embrangga-an | 1.5% | 341 | 282 | ▴ | 1.92% |
| 060602013 | Esparar | 4.6% | 1,076 | 1,054 | ▴ | 0.21% |
| 060602014 | Gua | 5.6% | 1,309 | 1,231 | ▴ | 0.62% |
| 060602015 | Idao | 1.0% | 242 | 174 | ▴ | 3.35% |
| 060602016 | Igpalge | 4.2% | 978 | 943 | ▴ | 0.37% |
| 060602017 | Igtunarum | 0.6% | 131 | 127 | ▴ | 0.31% |
| 060602019 | Integasan | 0.5% | 114 | 106 | ▴ | 0.73% |
| 060602020 | Ipil | 4.3% | 1,002 | 935 | ▴ | 0.69% |
| 060602021 | Jinalinan | 7.1% | 1,661 | 1,033 | ▴ | 4.86% |
| 060602022 | Lanas | 0.6% | 129 | 104 | ▴ | 2.18% |
| 060602023 | Langcaon (Evelio Javier) | 0.8% | 184 | 198 | ▾ | −0.73% |
| 060602024 | Lisub | 3.3% | 764 | 570 | ▴ | 2.97% |
| 060602025 | Lombuyan | 3.0% | 706 | 669 | ▴ | 0.54% |
| 060602026 | Mablad | 2.6% | 609 | 552 | ▴ | 0.99% |
| 060602027 | Magtulis | 2.0% | 477 | 403 | ▴ | 1.70% |
| 060602028 | Marigne | 0.9% | 203 | 236 | ▾ | −1.49% |
| 060602029 | Mayabay | 1.2% | 274 | 219 | ▴ | 2.27% |
| 060602030 | Mayos | 0.9% | 219 | 210 | ▴ | 0.42% |
| 060602031 | Nalusdan | 0.8% | 197 | 860 | ▾ | −13.70% |
| 060602032 | Narirong | 0.9% | 215 | 202 | ▴ | 0.63% |
| 060602033 | Palma | 6.1% | 1,417 | 1,392 | ▴ | 0.18% |
| 060602034 | Poblacion | 6.1% | 1,428 | 1,369 | ▴ | 0.42% |
| 060602035 | San Antonio | 2.9% | 677 | 657 | ▴ | 0.30% |
| 060602036 | San Ramon | 0.7% | 167 | 180 | ▾ | −0.75% |
| 060602037 | Soligao | 1.2% | 277 | 231 | ▴ | 1.83% |
| 060602038 | Tabongtabong | 2.0% | 465 | 447 | ▴ | 0.40% |
| 060602039 | Tig-Alaran | 0.5% | 121 | 118 | ▴ | 0.25% |
| 060602040 | Yapo | 2.2% | 521 | 455 | ▴ | 1.36% |
| | Total | Total | 23,359 | 21,775 | ▴ | 0.70% |

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, Barbaza had a population of 23,359. The population density was 150 inhabitants per square kilometre (390/sq mi).

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Barbaza
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 2006 28.50
* 2009 46.25
* 2012 23.36
* 2015 20.66
* 2018 19.88
* 2021 22.18
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Tourism

* Mount Nangtud – is the second-highest peak in Panay island and shared with the border of Jamindan, Capiz with an elevation of 6,804 ft (2,074 m) above sea level. Mount Nangtud is rich for its diverse flora and fauna and a Mossy forest. It is one of the most difficult and technically challenging mountain in Panay. Alongside with Mount Madja-as in Culasi and Mount Baloy in Valderrama.
* Batabat and Punta Coral Reefs – feature diversities of tropical fishes and distinct coral formations in vibrant colors
* Dalanas River - is Barbaza largest river with a total length of 33 km (21 mi) long from it source located in Mount Madjaas to its mouth in Sulu Sea. Its provides large amount supplies of water for Agricultural land area in Barbaza lowland. Dalanas Bridge is a 1,512 ft (461 m) is Antique second longest Bridge.
* Camp Eupre Forest and Orchard Resort - Located in Bgy. Cadiao
* Macalbag Waterfalls – 50-foot waterfalls with uncharted caves
* Cadiao Falls - Located in Bgy. Cadiao
* Sigbungon Falls - Located in Bgy. San Ramon
* Sayay Falls - Located in Bgy. San Ramon
* Barbaza Catholic Church – considered as the most modernly designed church in the province of Antique

## Festivals

Barbaza celebrates the annual Batabat Festival, held every 3rd week of March. The feast of Saint Anthony of Padua is celebrated every 13 June.

## Transportation

Transportation services are generally provided by tricycles, jeepneys, vans and buses. There are also daily buses available going back and forth to Manila that pass by Barbaza via the roll-on/roll-off nautical highway. Barbaza has a total road length of 52.7 km (32.7 mi), including a 10.2 km (6.3 mi) National Highway. Dalanas Bridge, with a length of 1,530 ft (470 m), is the second longest bridge in Antique. Other bridges are the Binangbang Bridge (130 ft (40 m)) and Ipil Bridge (105 ft (32 m)).