# 1040

Year 1040 (MXL) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Spring – Nikephoros Dokeianos, Byzantine governor of the Catepanate of Italy, is murdered by Lombard rebels at Ascoli. He is replaced by Michael Dokeianos, who arrives in November with a Varangian army.
* August 22–23 – Battle at Brůdek: Duke Bretislav I of Bohemia defeats the German forces under King Henry III ("the Black") in the Bohemian Forest.
* Peter Delyan leads a rebellion against the Byzantine Empire and is proclaimed by the Bulgarian nobles as emperor (tsar) Peter II in Belgrade.
* The Emirate of Sicily is divided and fragmented into small fiefdoms. The Arab nobles of Palermo restore the regime of the Kalbids (approximate date).

#### Britain

* March 17 – King Harold Harefoot dies at Oxford at the age of 24. His illegitimate son Ælfwine Haroldsson is left in the care of his grandmother, Ælfgifu of Northampton.
* June 17 – Harthacnut lands at Sandwich and reclaims the throne of England which had been taken by Harald Harefoot in 1035.
* August 14 – King Duncan is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth, who succeeds him as king of Scotland.

#### Islamic world

* May 23 – Battle of Dandanaqan: The Turkmen Seljuqs defeat the Ghaznavid forces (50,000 men) led by Sultan Mas'ud I at Dandanaqan, a fortress city in the desert near Merv. Ghaznavid commanders Ali Daya and Begtoghdi are blamed for the defeat and executed.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Weihenstephan Abbey (Kloster Weihenstephan) in Germany, founds the oldest operating brewery.
* The Shalu Monastery is founded by the Buddhist monk Chetsun Sherab Jungnay in Tibet.

## Births

* February 22 – Rashi, French rabbi and writer (d. 1105)
* July 12 – Yun Kwan, Korean general (d. 1111)
* Adelaide of Hungary, duchess of Bohemia (d. 1062)
* Alan Rufus, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* Alfonso VI, king of León and Castile (approximate date)
* Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, Abbadid emir of Seville (d. 1095) (approximate date)
* Arnold of Soissons, French bishop (approximate date)
* Blessed Gerard, founder of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1120) (approximate date)
* Bonfilius, bishop of Foligno (approximate date)
* Conrad I, count of Luxembourg (approximate date)
* Ernulf, French Benedictine monk and bishop (d. 1124)
* Gebhard III, bishop of Constance (approximate date)
* Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou, French nobleman (approximate date)
* Géza I (Magnus), king of Hungary (approximate date)
* Guglielmo Embriaco, Genoese merchant (d. 1102) (approximate date)
* Haziga of Diessen, German countess (approximate date)
* Harald III, king of Denmark (approximate date)
* Herman I, margrave of Baden (approximate date)
* Hugh I, French nobleman (approximate date)
* Hugh of Die, French bishop (approximate date)
* Ibn Aqil, Persian theologian and jurist (d. 1119) (approximate date)
* Ida of Lorraine, French countess (approximate date)
* Ivo of Chartres, French bishop (approximate date)
* Ladislaus I, king of Hungary (approximate date)
* Oddone Frangipane, Italian monk and hermit (d. 1127)
* Odo I of Furneaux (or Eudes), French nobleman (d. 1086)
* Roger I of Sicily, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* Sikelgaita, Lombard duchess of Apulia (d. 1090)
* Wulfnoth Godwinson, English nobleman (d. 1094)
* Xiao Guanyin, Chinese empress consort of the Liao dynasty (d. 1075)
* Zayn al-Din Gorgani, Persian physician (d. 1136) (approximate date)

## Deaths

* January 17 – Mas'ud I, Ghaznavid sultan (b. 998)
* March 3 – Cunigunde, Holy Roman Empress
* March 17 – Harold Harefoot, king of England
* May 29 – Renauld I, French nobleman
* June 21 – Fulk III, French nobleman (b. 970)
* August 14 – Duncan I, king of Scotland
* October 1 – Alan III, duke of Brittany (b. 997)
* Abu Hashim al-Hasan, Zaidi imam and ruler of Jemen
* Abu Nasr Mushkan, Persian statesman (or 1039)
* Ali Daya, Ghaznavid commander-in-chief, executed
* Begtoghdi, Ghaznavid commander-in-chief, executed
* Bertha of Milan, Lombard duchess (approximate date)
* Dietrich I, bishop of Meissen (approximate date)
* Gilbert, Count of Brionne, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
* Helias of Cologne, Irish abbot and musician
* Hugh, Italian nobleman (approximate date)
* Hugh I, count of Empúries and Peralada
* Ibn al-Haytham, Arab astronomer (approximate date)
* John V, duke of Gaeta (approximate date)
* Maria of Amalfi, Lombard duchess (approximate date)
* Nikephoros Dokeianos, Byzantine general
* Unsuri, Persian poet and writer (or 1039)
* Yeshe-Ö, Tibetan lama-king (approximate date)