OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Safa Kadal

Safa Kadal (Urdu pronunciation: ; Kashmiri pronunciation:), also spelled Safakadal is an old neighborhood in the city of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The word kadal means bridge in Kashmiri. The Jhelum river flows under the eponymous Safa Kadal bridge which was constructed by Saif Khan during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. An important Hindu temple in the locale, the Ram Mandir, was set to be renovated in January of 2022. It was vandalised in 1990.
# Dekh Magar Pyaar Say

Dekh Magar Pyaar Say is a 2015 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed by Asad ul Haq and produced by Ali Murtaza under the production banner Shiny Toy Guns. The film was the directorial debut for Haq. The movie starred Humaima Malick and Sikander Rizvi in the lead roles. The latter made his film debut with the movie.
Dekh Magar Pyar Se received positive reviews for good direction, acting and praise for its music. The cinematography was especially lauded as it showcased the beauty of Lahore.

## Cast

* Humaima Malick as Annie
* Sikander Rizvi as Sikandar
* Irfan Khoosat
* Amna Ilyas - Special appearance in song "Kaala Doriya"

## Production

The film was produced, financed and developed by Shiny Toy Guns. The styling for the movie was done by Saima Rashid Bargfrede. Shehryar Yasin was hired as the Creative and Fashion Design Director for the movie.

### Casting

On 2 April 2015 Humaima Malick and Sikander Rizvi were confirmed as the lead actors. Amna Ilyas was cast for an item song "Kaala Doriya".

### Filming

The film was mostly shot in Lahore over a 45-day period with filming wrapping up in the week of 18 May. The cast and crew were spotted in London shooting scenes for the movie. The cast and crew were reportedly filming bonus footage for the movie in London.

### Marketing

On 2 April 2015 the first teaser poster for the movie was released. Motion poster was revealed on 2 June. The teaser trailer for the movie was released on 1 July via the movie's official Facebook page. To promote the movie, fans were given the opportunity to view the filming of the bonus footage being shot in London via the Periscope app. The movie was also promoted using the hashtag "magarpyaarsay". The theatrical trailer was revealed online on 12 July 2015.

## Soundtrack

The background score of the film was given by Abbas Ali Khan.

## Reception

Dekh Magar Pyar Se received positive reviews with good directing and acting while praising its music.
# Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

Chilton–Colburn J-factor analogy (also known as the modified Reynolds analogy) is a successful and widely used analogy between heat, momentum, and mass transfer. The basic mechanisms and mathematics of heat, mass, and momentum transport are essentially the same. Among many analogies (like Reynolds analogy, Prandtl–Taylor analogy) developed to directly relate heat transfer coefficients, mass transfer coefficients and friction factors, Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy proved to be the most accurate. The factors are named after Thomas H. Chilton and Allan Philip Colburn (1904–1955).
It is written as follows,
$J_{M}={\frac {f}{2}}=J_{H}={\frac {h}{c_{p}\,G}}\,{Pr}^{\frac {2}{3}}=J_{D}={\frac {k'_{c}}{\overline {v}}}\cdot {Sc}^{\frac {2}{3}}$
This equation permits the prediction of an unknown transfer coefficient when one of the other coefficients is known. The analogy is valid for fully developed turbulent flow in conduits with Re > 10000, 0.7 < Pr < 160, and tubes where L/d > 60 (the same constraints as the Sieder–Tate correlation). The wider range of data can be correlated by Friend–Metzner analogy.
Relationship between Heat and Mass;
$J_{M}={\frac {f}{2}}={\frac {Sh}{Re\,Sc^{\frac {1}{3}}}}=J_{H}={\frac {f}{2}}={\frac {Nu}{Re\,Pr^{\frac {1}{3}}}}$
# Social media policy

A social media policy is a policy which advises representatives of an organization on their use of social media.
# Warwick River Shire

Warwick River Shire was one of eight shires created in colonial Virginia in 1634. It was located on the Virginia Peninsula on the northern shore of the James River between Hampton Roads and the Jamestown Settlement.
During the 17th century, shortly after establishment of Jamestown in 1607, English settlers had explored and began settling the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads. By 1634, the English colony of Virginia consisted of eight shires or counties with a total population of approximately 5,000 inhabitants.
Warwick River Shire took its name from Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick and a prominent member of the Virginia Company. Warwick River Shire became Warwick County in 1643. Rich's Richneck Plantation was located in the modern day independent city of Newport News, Virginia.
Up until the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom of 1786 disestablished the Church of England in Virginia, Warwick River Shire included the Anglican Parishes of Blunt Poynt (Blount Point), Denbigh, Mulberry Island, Nutmeg Quarter, Stanley Hundred, Warwick, and Waters Creek. The parishes served as local units of government and religious and community organizations. Many of the original parish names have survived as neighborhood names in modern times.
# Iron-55

Iron-55 ($^{55}$Fe) is a radioactive isotope of iron with a nucleus containing 26 protons and 29 neutrons. It decays by electron capture to manganese-55 and this process has a half-life of 2.737 years. The emitted X-rays can be used as an X-ray source for various scientific analysis methods, such as X-ray diffraction. Iron-55 is also a source for Auger electrons, which are produced during the decay.

## Decay

Iron-55 decays via electron capture to manganese-55 with a half-life of 2.737 years. The electrons around the nucleus rapidly adjust themselves to the lowered charge without leaving their shell, and shortly thereafter the vacancy in the "K" shell left by the nuclear-captured electron is filled by an electron from a higher shell. The difference in energy is released by emitting Auger electrons of 5.19 keV, with a probability of about 60%, K-alpha-1 X-rays with energy of 5.89875 keV and a probability about 16.2%, K-alpha-2 X-rays with energy of 5.88765 keV and a probability of about 8.2%, or K-beta X-rays with nominal energy of 6.49045 keV and a probability about 2.85%. The energies of the K-alpha-1 and -2 X-rays are so similar that they are often specified as mono-energetic radiation with 5.9 keV photon energy. Its probability is about 28%. The remaining 12% is accounted for by lower-energy Auger electrons and a few photons from other, minor transitions.

## Use

The K-alpha X-rays emitted by the manganese-55 after the electron capture have been used as a laboratory source of X-rays in various X-ray scattering techniques. The advantages of the emitted X-rays are that they are monochromatic and are continuously produced over a years-long period. No electrical power is needed for this emission, which is ideal for portable X-ray instruments, such as X-ray fluorescence instruments. The ExoMars mission of ESA used, in 2016, such an iron-55 source for its combined X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The 2011 Mars mission MSL used a functionally similar spectrometer, but with a traditional, electrically powered X-ray source.
The Auger electrons can be applied in electron capture detectors for gas chromatography. The more widely used nickel-63 sources provide electrons from beta decay.

## Occurrence

Iron-55 is most effectively produced by irradiation of iron with neutrons. The reaction ($^{54}$Fe(n,γ)$^{55}$Fe and $^{56}$Fe(n,2n)$^{55}$Fe) of the two most abundant isotopes iron-54 and iron-56 with neutrons yields iron-55. Most of the observed iron-55 is produced in these irradiation reactions, and it is not a primary fission product. As a result of atmospheric nuclear tests in the 1950s, and until the test ban in 1963, considerable amounts of iron-55 have been released into the biosphere. People close to the test ranges, for example Iñupiat (Alaska Natives) and inhabitants of the Marshall Islands, accumulated significant amounts of radioactive iron. However, the short half-life and the test ban decreased, within several years, the available amount of iron-55 nearly to the pre-nuclear test levels.
# Actual Life (April 14 – December 17 2020)

Actual Life (April 14 – December 17 2020) is the debut studio album from British producer Fred Gibson under the stage name Fred Again. It was released on April 16, 2021 through again.. Records. The composition of the album involves short clips from various sources, such as YouTube videos and FaceTime conversations, layered with synthesizers. The album revolves around the COVID-19 pandemic and was an outlet for Gibson to explore "a year of finding love and mourning its loss".
The album was preceded by Actual Life, a five-track extended play released initially on May 15, 2020 featuring one song present on this album, and extended mixes of "Adam" and "Me". On Apple Music, the EP has a release date of June 12, 2020 and also includes "Marnie (Wish I Had U)".

## Critical reception

The album featured at 7th in Double J's 50 best albums of the year.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 7,500$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Ljupčo Jordanovski

Ljupčo Jordanovski (Macedonian: Љупчо Јордановски, pronounced; 13 February 1953 – 7 October 2010) was a Macedonian seismologist and politician.

## Education background

Jordanovski was born in Štip. He received his BEng in Electrical Engineering from the University of Zagreb. He received his PhD from the University of Southern California in 1985.

## Political activities

He was a member of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia party. He took office as Speaker of the Assembly on 18 November 2003. As Speaker of the Assembly, according to the Republic of Macedonia's constitution he was the successor to the president in the event of the president's inability to serve.

### Acting President of Macedonia

Accordingly, when President Boris Trajkovski was killed in a plane crash on 26 February 2004, Jordanovski was sworn in as president.
He was the acting president of the Republic of Macedonia from 26 February 2004 to 12 May 2004. He left office after presidential elections in which he did not run. He continued in his role as Speaker after his time as acting president, until 2 August 2006.

### Ambassador to the United States

On 6 July 2006 he was accredited as the Ambassador of the Republic of Macedonia to the United States of America, but at the end of December he was recalled by the Government of the Republic of Macedonia. He died unexpectedly in Skopje.
# Sabin Berthelot

Sabin Berthelot (4 April 1794 – 10 November 1880) was a French naturalist and ethnologist. He was a resident of the Canary Islands for part of his life, and co-authored L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries (1835–50) with Philip Barker Webb.

## Biography

Berthelot was the son of a Marseille merchant. He joined the French Navy and served as a midshipman during the Napoleonic Wars. After the war he joined the merchant fleet, travelling between Marseilles and the West Indies. He first visited the Canary Islands in 1820, where he taught at a school in Tenerife and managed the botanical gardens at Orotava for the Marquis of Villanueva del Prato.
Berthelot studied the natural history of the islands. He was joined in this task by Webb in 1828, and by 1830 they had collected sufficient information for publication. They travelled to Geneva, and produced the first volume of L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries in 1835. Berthelot concentrated on the ethnography, history and geography of the islands, with Webb completing the natural history sections. The ornithological section was mainly written by Alfred Moquin-Tandon.
In 1845 Berthelot founded the Société d'Ethnologique. In 1846 he returned to Tenerife, and in 1848 was nominated the French consular agent for the island, being promoted to full Consul in 1867. He retired in August 1874, and was given the freedom of the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
Berthelot's other publications on the islands included Les Guanches (1841 and 1845), La Conquète des canaries (1879) and Antiquités Canariennes (1879).

## Legacy

The Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii) was named after him by his friend Carl Bolle.
# Chityal, Ranga Reddy district

Chityal is a village and panchayat in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India. It falls under Parigi mandal.
# TSOM

Through-Focus Scanning Optical Microscopy (TSOM) is an imaging method that produces nanometer-scale three-dimensional measurement sensitivity using a conventional bright-field optical microscope. TSOM has been introduced and maintained by Ravikiran Attota at NIST. It was given an R&D 100 Award in 2010. In the TSOM method a target is scanned through the focus of an optical microscope, acquiring conventional optical images at different focal positions. The TSOM images are constructed using the through-focus optical images. A TSOM image is unique under given experimental conditions and is sensitive to changes in the dimensions of a target in a distinct way, which is very well applicable in nanoscale dimensional metrology. The TSOM method is alleged to have several nanometrology applications ranging from nanoparticles to through-silicon-vias (TSV).
The National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, produced a short Video on YouTube on the TSOM method.
# Oka Nikolov

Orhej "Oka" Nikolov (German pronunciation:; Macedonian: Орхеј "Ока" Николов; born 25 May 1974) is a retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He serves as assistant coach for Los Angeles FC in Major League Soccer. He spent nineteen seasons with Eintracht Frankfurt, appearing in 413 official games over the course of 13 Bundesliga seasons. Born in Germany, he represented Macedonia at international level.

## Club career

Born Erbach im Odenwald, Hessen, West Germany, Nikolov grew up in Sandbach in Hessen, starting playing football with local SG Sandbach.
Nikolov started his senior career at Eintracht Frankfurt as backup, first to Uli Stein and then Andreas Köpke. After the latter left the team in June 1996 following the team's relegation from the Bundesliga he became first-choice, losing that status in early 2002 to newly-signed Dirk Heinen; he made his debut in the top division on 9 September 1995, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–1 home win against 1. FC Kaiserslautern.
In the following years Nikolov played in every season. In February 2007, after Pröll received a rib injury, he was reinstated by manager Friedhelm Funkel, contributing with 20 games during the team's 2006–07 season.
In January 2010, it was announced that the 35-year-old Nikolov would not renew his contract with Eintracht that was due to expire in the summer, but he eventually signed a new deal until 2012, and later until 2013. In June 2013, Eintracht revealed that the goalkeeper's contract would be cancelled, effective immediately to allow Nikolov to fulfill his lifelong dream to play in the United States.
On 19 June 2013, Nikolov signed with the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer. He made his first start as a Union player on 30 July 2013 in a friendly against Stoke City playing 45 minutes.
Nikolov signed with Fort Lauderdale Strikers on 19 February 2014 on a contract for the nine-game Spring season. Nikolov started and played eight matches in goal for the Strikers, posting two clean sheets. The team ended up as runners-ups.

## Coaching career

* Director of Coaching at JFC Frankfurt
* Project Director and Coach at the Eintracht Frankfurt Football Academy
* Assistant coach for the Germany national under-19 team.
* Nikolov also served as Assistant Coach for the Macedonian National Team as well as a goalkeeper coach for LA Galaxy.
Nikolov joined the coaching staff of Los Angeles FC in February 2022.

## International career

Nikolov chose to represent the country of his ancestors, going on to win five caps for Macedonia in four years. He made his debut in a September 1998 friendly match against Egypt but since he also possessed German citizenship he couldn't acquire a Macedonian passport and therefore was unable to play in official games under FIFA. His five appearances were in friendlies.
His final international was a match in November 2001 against Hungary.

## Honours

Eintracht Frankfurt
* DFB-Pokal runner-up: 2005–06
# Pavel Senko

Pavel Kononovich Senko (Russian: Павел Кононович Сенько; October 4, 1916 – March 2, 2000) was a Soviet polar explorer, scientist, and member and leader of numerous expeditions to Arctic Ocean and Antarctica under the auspices of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and Soviet Antarctic Expedition.
There is a valley at the bottom of Arctic Ocean named after him : Senko Valley from 87° 04’ N 97° 00’ W to 87° 45’ N 101° 10’ W . There is a mountain named after him in Antarctica: Senko Mountain at 71° 25,2’ S 12° 46,8’ E on the Zavaritsky Ridge.
He was leader of the winter party and officer-in-charge of Mirny Station on the 9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition and lead several expeditions subsequently. His name had shown up in the 1997 edition of "The Guinness Book of records" as one of the four "first people to have indisputably reached the North Pole at ground level exactly 90°00`00" (+-300m) on April 23, 1948".

## Publications

* Senko, P. K. (1963) "The Coast Effect in the Variations of the Earth's Electromagnetic Field" in Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity 1964 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 271-274 pdf
* Prydatko-Dolin, V.I. 2020. The extraordinary history of geophysicist Pavel Senko. NANC ‘Expedition XXI’, Kyiv, 1–25. (In Ukrainian).
# Strumica (river)

The Strumica (Macedonian and Bulgarian: Струмица, Macedonian pronunciation: ; also transliterated Strumitsa or Strumitza) or Strumeshnitsa (Bulgarian: Струмешница) is a river in North Macedonia and Bulgaria. It runs through the town of Strumica and flows into the river Struma.
The Strumica takes its source from the Plačkovica mountain in Radoviš municipality in North Macedonia, running south in a deep valley and then known as the Stara Reka. It then enters the Radoviš Valley and runs through the eponymous town of Radoviš. Afterwards the Strumica runs southeastwards through the Strumica Valley (Vasilevo, Strumica and Novo Selo municipality), passing through the town of Strumica and turning east to enter Bulgaria south of Zlatarevo. A wide meandering valley follows until the river flows into the Struma as a right tributary northeast of Mitino, not far from Rupite.
The river has a total length of 114 km, of which 81 km in North Macedonia and 33 km in Bulgaria. It is Struma's largest tributary.
# Diego Luri

Diego Luri (born September 27, 1985) is a Brazilian actor, singer, journalist and writer, who gained prominence by playing the protagonist of the Brazilian version of the show Shrek the Musical. For his performance, he was nominated for the Bibi Ferreira Award in 2014. He was also in the Brazilian cast of other musical theater shows, such as Summer: The Donna Summer Musical, Beauty and the Beast, Cinderella, The Phantom of the Opera, Romeo and Juliet – to the sound of Marisa Monte, Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella, The Fantasticks, My Fair Lady, Sister Act, Os Saltimbancos Trapalhões – O Musical and Porquinhos – O Musical.

## Early life and career

Luri was and raised in the Rio de Janeiro neighborhood of Campo Grande. He studied journalism, and in 2009, he presented the TV show Vida e Missão, broadcast by Band Rio and later by CNT. He was also a web reporter for Rede TV and, still working as a reporter, began his artistic training as an actor at Casa das Artes de Laranjeiras (CAL). He was part of the vocal group Réus Confessos, along with other musical theater artists. In 2011, he received the award for Best Supporting Actor at the Rio de Janeiro City Theater Festival for Beauty and the Beast. His first major role was in the Broadway show Shrek – O Musical, in its Brazilian production, which ran in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo and toured throughout 2014. For his performance as the protagonist of the show, he was nominated for the Bibi Ferreira Award in the Breakthrough Actor category.

### Shrek – The Musical

In 2012 Luri was selected from more than 2,000 candidates to play the protagonist of the show Shrek – The Musical in Brazil.
His costume weighed over 20 kg and his makeup took three hours to apply. His performance received good reviews.

## Stage credits

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2021 | Summer: The Donna Summer Musical | Bruce Sudano | Teatro Santander (São Paulo) |
| 2020–2021 | Beauty and the Beast | Beast | Teatro Bradesco (São Paulo) and Teatro Claro (São Paulo) |
| 2021 | Cinderella | Prince Henry | Teatro Bradesco (São Paulo) |
| 2018–2019 | The Phantom of the Opera | Monsieur Andre (understudy) and swing | Teatro Renault (São Paulo) |
| 2018 | Romeo and Juliet – to the sound of Marisa Monte | Count Paris | Teatro Riachuelo (Rio de Janeiro) and Teatro Frei Caneca (São Paulo) |
| 2017 | Rodgers & Hamerstein's Cinderella | Jean Michel | National Tour |
| 2017 | The Fantasticks | El Gallo | Teatro Extra Itaim (São Paulo) |
| 2016 | My Fair Lady | Zoltan Karpathy | Teatro Santander (São Paulo) |
| 2016 | Rodgers & Hamerstein's Cinderella | Ensemble | Teatro Alfa (São Paulo) |
| 2015 | Sister Act | Joey (understudy) and ensemble | Teatro Renault (São Paulo) |
| 2014 | Os Saltimbancos Trapalhões – O Musical | Ogro and Pajé | Cidade das Artes (Rio de Janeiro) |
| 2012–2014 | Shrek – The Musical | Shrek | Teatro João Caetano (Rio de Janeiro), Teatro Bradesco (São Paulo) and National Tour |
| 2011 | Porquinhos – O Musical | Narrador | Teatro Vannucci (Rio de Janeiro) |

## Books

* Caos Entre Nós ou A Tragédia do Hábito / Uma Canção Pra Você (2017)
* Contos e Crônicas para Crianças (2011)
# Timothy E. Gregory

Timothy E. Gregory (born c. 1951) is an American historian and scholar, specializing in the Byzantine empire and classical archaeology.

## Education and career

He graduated with a PhD in 1972 from the University of Michigan, where he studied under Byzantine historian Paul Alexander and Roman historian John W. Eadie. He joined the Ohio State University in 1978, where he taught in the Department of History until his retirement. He is fluent in Greek.
Gregory was one of several notable scholars who in the 1970s were of vital influence into the evolution of the studying of the Late Antiquity period, drawing on complex early texts and analysing them in detail and publishing his findings. He has conducted detailed research into early Christianity, numismatics, epigraphy and wider socio-economic customs and many others during this period, covering Ancient Rome, Greece and Turkey. Gregory has also served as director of the Ohio State University Excavations at Isthmia and Co-Director of the Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey.

## Publications

One of his earliest books, Vox Populi, first published in 1979, explores religious tension and violence in the 5th century in Ancient Greece and the Middle East. Other notable books include Panathenaia: Studies in Athenian life and thought in the classical age (1979), A social history of Philippi in the first century (1988), The soteriology of Clement of Rome within the intellectual matrix (1988), Archaeology and oligarchy at Isthmia (1989), The early Byzantine empresses and the Orthodox Church (1990), The sanctuary at Epidauros and cult-based networking in the Greek world of the fourth century B.C. (1992) and Greek and Indian mercantile communities of the diaspora (1993), Hellenic religion and Christianization, c. 370–529, (2001) and The Lives of Peter the Iberian, Theodosius of Jerusalem (2008). In 2005 he first published an important general history work entitled A History of Byzantium, published in its second edition in 2010. His articles related to Ancient Rome and Greece have also been published in notable publications; of major note was his essay, Survival of Paganism in Christian Greece: A Critical Essay, published in 1986 by the American Journal of Philology.