OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Falconer (jurist)

Thomas Falconer FRGS, FGS (25 June 1805 – 28 August 1882) was an English jurist and explorer.
Born in Bath, England on 25 June 1805, Falconer was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1823, and to the bar in 1830. He practised for a number of years as an equity draftsman and conveyancer, and later turned to codifying the laws and statutes of England.
In 1840, Falconer emigrated to the Republic of Texas, sailing from England on the Britannia on 20 October, and arriving in May 1841. On his arrival he obtained permission to accompany the Texan Santa Fe Expedition as an observer. The expedition left Austin on 18 June. On the trail towards New Mexico, Falconer had his horse stolen by Kiowa Indians. On 31 August, the expedition leader, Hugh McLeod, decided to split the party, with some to proceed to San Miguel and return with provision, while the rest remained in camp. As Falconer had no horse, he remained in camp. Falconer's party was attacked by Indians a number of times, and nearly starved to death before the other party returned on 9 October as prisoners of the Mexicans. Falconer's party was also taken prisoner, and marched to Mexico City, arriving on 3 February 1842. He was then immediately released at the demand of the British minister Richard Pakenham.
Later that year, Falconer published his account of the expedition as Expedition to Santa Fé: An Account of Its Journey from Texas through Mexico, with Particulars of Its Capture. In 1844 he also published Notes of a Journey through Texas and New Mexico, in the years 1841 and 1842 in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. After returning to England, he published another major work on his travels, The Oregon Question; or a Statement of the British Claims to the Oregon Territory in Opposition to the Pretension of the Government of the United States of America.
In 1848, Falconer was offered, but declined, an appointment as private secretary to Henry Barkly, governor of British Guiana. Late in 1850 he was appointed an arbitrator to decide the boundary between New Brunswick and Canada. In March 1851, he was nominated to the position of Colonial Secretary of Western Australia, but refused appointment. Despite declining the appointment, and therefore never arriving in Western Australia, he is officially considered to have held the position until the next appointment to the position in January 1852.
On 22 December 1851, Falconer accepted appointment as judge of Glamorganshire, Brecknockshire and Rhayader. He sat on the bench for thirty years, retiring to the Royal Crescent in Bath in December 1881. He died at Bath on 28 August 1882, the result of a fall he had suffered the previous June while visiting the Bath Rose Show. He was member of the Royal Geographical Society and the Geological Society of London.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Thomas Falconer :
* CrestA falcon hooded and belled Proper.
* EscutcheonOr a hawk's head issuing out of a human heart Proper between three mullets Azure on a bordure of the last eight plates.
* MottoVive Ut Vivas
# William Ayshford Sanford

William Ayshford Sanford, DL (1818– 28 October 1902) was a landowner, naturalist and Liberal Party politician, who served as Colonial Secretary of Western Australia from 1852 to 1855.
Sanford was born in 1818, the son of Edward Ayshford Sanford, a Member of Parliament for Somerset, by his first wife Henrietta Langham, daughter of Sir William Langham, 8th Baronet. The family had owned Nynehead Court in Somerset since 1599, and William Ayshford Sanford succeeded to the estate on the death of his father in 1871.
He served as Colonial Secretary from 1852 to 1855, and in this position Sanford asked the assistant Surveyor of the state, Robert Austin, to make observations and collections of birds while exploring inland regions. In the report of the Austin Expedition of 1854 is a note on a "Ground Parrot", following Sanford's labelling of what is assumed to be the type specimen of Pezoporus occidentalis, the cryptic "night parrot". After returning to England, Sanford is noted for his interest in natural history, especially the paleontology of the Somerset area.
As a large landowner, he was a prominent public man in Somerset, was chairman of the Wellington bench of magistrates, and a deputy lieutenant of the county. He had been a strong supporter of the Liberals, but in his late years became a Liberal Unionist.
Sanford died at his residence Nynehead Court, Somerset, on 28 October 1902.
He was twice married, first in 1857 to Sarah Ellen Seymour (d.1867), daughter of Henry Seymour, of Knoyle House, Wiltshire, a male-line descendant of the Seymour baronets; and secondly in 1874 to Sarah Elizabeth Harriet Hervey (d.1877), daughter of Lord Arthur Hervey, Bishop of Bath and Wells, by his wife Patience Singleton. By his first wife, he left children:
* Colonel Edward Charles Ayshford Sanford (1859–1923)
* Mary Ethel Ayshford Sanford (1861–1941), who married her cousin Field Marshal Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen (1845–1932), and left children
* Henry Seymour John Ayshford Sanford (1863–1934)
* Ellen Henrietta Ayshford Sanford (d.1932), who married Charles Edward Pole-Carew (1853–1938), and left children
* Blanche Clotilde Ayshford Sanford (d.1936)
* Rosalind Ayshford Sanford (d. 1935), who married Sir Sidney Godolphin Alexander Shippard (1837–1902)
# Francis Longworth

Francis Longworth (October 3, 1807 – June 12, 1883) was a merchant, ship builder and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented Charlottetown and Royalty in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1838 to 1859 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Charlottetown, the son of Francis Longworth, an Irish immigrant. In 1835, he married Sarah Parker Watts. In 1834, he became a partner of his brother Robert, who owned a store in Charlottetown. In 1842, he opened another store with a partner. He also built and owned ships. He was also a director for several companies, including the Charlottetown Gas Light Company and the Steam Navigation Company.
In 1838, Longworth and Edward Palmer were chosen by the elite of the town, members of the so-called "family compact", to represent Charlottetown and Royalty in the provincial assembly. He was elected nine times, often running unopposed. Longworth also was a justice of the peace. His business interests often kept him away from the business of the assembly. He served in the Executive Council as colonial secretary in 1854. Longworth retired from politics in 1859 and was named controller of customs and navigation laws and customs controller for Charlottetown. He served as appraiser of customs for Charlottetown from 1873 to 1880. Longworth was also high sheriff for Queens County, Prince Edward Island three times. He died in Charlottetown in 1883.
His brother John, a more moderate conservative, also served as a member of the provincial assembly.
# James L. Noonan

James L. Noonan (1823 – December 19, 1898) was a merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Bonavista Bay in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1869 to 1873 and from 1883 to 1886 as an Anti-Confederate and then Conservative.
He established himself in business at Greenspond. Noonan was colonial secretary from 1871 to 1873 and receiver general from 1885 to 1886. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1873. In 1882, he was defeated by Walter B. Grieve; Grieve's election was overturned and Noonan was declared elected in 1883. Noonan was forced to run for reelection after he was named to the Executive Council in 1885; he was defeated by Alfred B. Morine in 1886. Later that year, he was named assistant collector of customs at St. John's. He died there in 1898.
# Edward Dalton Shea

Sir Edward Dalton Shea (June 29, 1820 – January 8, 1913) was a journalist and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Ferryland in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1855 to 1865 as a Liberal and then Conservative member.

## Career

He was born in St. John's, the son of Henry Shea, an Irish-born merchant, and Eleanor Ryan. After completing his education, in 1836, he entered work in his father's business. In 1846, Shea became editor and publisher for The Newfoundlander, which had been previously edited by his brothers William Richard Shea and Ambrose Shea. He married Gertrude Corbett in 1849. Shea and his brother Ambrose became Conservatives in 1865 and he was named financial secretary for Newfoundland. In 1866, he was named to the Legislative Council of Newfoundland. Shea ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the assembly in 1873. In 1874, he was named colonial secretary. In 1886, he was named president of the Legislative Council, serving until 1912, and cashier for the Newfoundland Savings Bank, retaining that position until 1905. Shea was made a knight bachelor on 14 August 1902, after the honour had been announced in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902.
He died in St. John's at the age of 92 in 1913.

## Family

His son, George Shea, also served in the Newfoundland assembly.
His daughter, Emily Shea, who was born and educated in Newfoundland, married, 1881, Captain Henry Moore Jackson, R.A., a son of the Bishop of Antigua. Emily's husband was created a C.M.G. in 1892, a K.C.M.G. in 1899, became Governor of the Leeward Islands in 1901, and Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific in 1902.
# Lee's L

Lee's L is a bivariate spatial correlation coefficient which measures the association between two sets of observations made at the same spatial sites. Standard measures of association such as the Pearson correlation coefficient do not account for the spatial dimension of data, in particular they are vulnerable to inflation due to spatial autocorrelation. Lee's L is available in numerous spatial analysis software libraries including spdep and PySAL (where it is called Spatial_Pearson) and has been applied in diverse applications such as studying air pollution, viticulture and housing rent.

## Formula

For spatial data $x_{i}$ and $y_{i}$ measured at $N$ locations connected with the spatial weight matrix $w_{ij}$ first define the spatially lagged vector
    ${\tilde {x}}_{i}=\sum _{j}w_{ij}x_{j}$
with a similar definition for ${\tilde {y}}_{i}$. Then Lee's L is defined as
    $L_{x,y}={\frac {N}{\sum _{i}\left(\sum _{j}w_{ij}\right)^{2}}}{\frac {\sum _{ij}({\tilde {x}}_{i}-{\bar {x}})({\tilde {y}}_{i}-{\bar {y}})}{{\sqrt {\sum _{i}({\tilde {x}}_{i}-{\bar {x}})^{2}}}{\sqrt {\sum _{i}({\tilde {y}}_{i}-{\bar {y}})^{2}}}}}$
where ${\bar {x}},{\bar {y}}$ are the mean values of $x_{i},y_{i}$. When the spatial weight matrix is row normalized, such that $\sum _{j}w_{ij}=1$, the first factor is 1.

### Alternate definition

Lee also defines the spatial smoothing scalar
    $SSS_{x}={\frac {\sum _{i}({\tilde {x}}_{i}-{\bar {x}})^{2}}{\sum _{i}(x_{i}-{\bar {x}})^{2}}}$
to measure the spatial autocorrelation of a variable.
It is shown by Lee that the above definition is equivalent to
    $L_{x,y}={\sqrt {SSS_{x}}}{\sqrt {SSS_{y}}}r({\tilde {x}},{\tilde {y}})$
Where $r$ is the Pearson correlation coefficient
    $r({\tilde {x}},{\tilde {y}})={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}({\tilde {x}}_{i}-{\bar {\tilde {x}}})({\tilde {y}}_{i}-{\bar {\tilde {y}}})}{{\sqrt {\sum _{i=1}^{n}({\tilde {x}}_{i}-{\bar {\tilde {x}}})^{2}}}{\sqrt {\sum _{i=1}^{n}({\tilde {y}}_{i}-{\bar {\tilde {y}}})^{2}}}}}$
This means Lee's L is equivalent to the Pearson correlation of the spatially lagged data, multiplied by a measure of each data set's spatial autocorrelation.
# Miles Gerald Keon

Miles Gerald Keon (20 February 1821 – 3 June 1875) was an Irish Roman Catholic journalist, novelist, colonial secretary and lecturer.

## Biography

He was born on 20 February 1821, last descendant of the Keons, of Keonbrooke, County Leitrim, Ireland; died at Bermuda on 3 June 1875. He was the only son of Myles Gerald Keon, barrister, and on his mother's side was descended from the Fallons of Runnymede, County Roscommon. Both parents dying in his infancy, Keon was left to the care of his maternal grandmother, and later to that of his uncle, Francis Philip, Count Magawly. He studied at the Jesuit college at Stonyhurst, where he wrote the prize poem on Queen Victoria's accession (Stonyhurst Magazine, no. 32). An adventurous pedestrian tour across the European continent followed graduation, terminating in a brief service in the French army in Algeria.
On his return to England he studied law at Gray's Inn, abandoning it shortly for literary pursuits. In 1843 he published "The Irish Revolution, or What can the Repealers do? And what shall be the New Constitution?" ("Tablet", IV, 532), and in 1845 a vindication of the Jesuits (Oxford and Cambridge Review, September, 1845), a controversial article that provoked more than passing interest. The results of his pedestrian tour and military service were apparent in a series of contributions to Colburn's "United Service Magazine" (from September, 1845 to October, 1846). For a few months in 1846 he became editor of "Dolman's Magazine", and on 21 November of that year, married Anne de la Pierre, daughter of an English army officer. In 1847 appeared his "Life of Saint Alexis, the Roman Patrician". For the next twelve years he served on the staff of The Morning Post, becoming its representative at St. Petersburg in 1850. In 1852 his first novel, Harding, the Money-Spinner, appeared, serially, in the London Journal, and in 1856, on the occasion of the coronation of Alexander II of Russia, he was again at St. Petersburg representing The Morning Post. On this occasion he met Boucher de Perthes, in whose reminiscences Keon is pleasantly appreciated.
On his return in 1859 from Calcutta in British India, where he had been sent "under a mistaken arrangement" to edit the "Bengal Hurkaru", he was appointed colonial secretary at Bermuda, a position which he held until his death. In 1866 appeared "Dion and the Sibyls, a romance of the First Century". The year following, at Mechanics' Hall, Hamilton, he gave a course of lectures on "Government, its Source, its Form, and its Means", declining subsequently to lecture in the United States on account of his official position. He attended the opening of the First Vatican Council at Rome in 1869.

## Sources
### Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Miles Gerald Keon". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
# John Waddington (colonial administrator)

Sir Eubule John Waddington, GBE, KCMG, KCVO (9 April 1890 – 18 January 1957) was an English colonial administrator.

## Biography

He was educated at Saltus Grammar School, Bermuda, at Dulwich College, England, and later as a Rhodes Scholar at Merton College, Oxford, where he studied from 1909 to 1913.
He served in the Administrative Service in Kenya from 1914 to 1932, Colonial Secretary of Bermuda from 1932 to 1935, and of British Guiana from 1935 to 1938.
He served as Governor of Barbados from 1938 to 1941, and Governor of Northern Rhodesia from to 1941 to 1947. After leaving the Colonial Service, he was Chairman of the International African Institute from 1949 until his death.
# Basil Temple Blackwood

Lord Ian Basil Gawaine Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood (4 November 1870 – 3 July 1917), known as Lord Basil Temple Blackwood, was a British lawyer, civil servant and book illustrator.

## Early life

Temple Blackwood was the third son and fifth child of Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava and Hariot Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood. He was born in Clandeboye, Ireland. After spending part of his childhood in Canada, where his father was Governor General, he attended Harrow School. He went up to Balliol College, Oxford in 1891, but never graduated. Whilst at Oxford, he became friends with Hilaire Belloc, with whom he would enjoy long walks and canoeing trips.

## Illustrations

In 1896, Belloc approached Blackwood to illustrate his book of humorous children's verse, The Bad Child's Book of Beasts. Blackwood's amusing pen and ink sketches were in a style which has been described as "German expressionism",$^{:123}$ and were credited only to "B.T.B.". The book was an immediate success. Blackwood went on to illustrate several more of Belloc's books, including: The Modern Traveller (1898), A Moral Alphabet (1899), More Peers (1900), Cautionary Tales for Children (1907) and More Beasts for Worse Children (1910). In the rhyming introduction to the Cautionary Tales, Belloc describes Blackwood's drawings as "...the nicest things you ever saw". Some critics claim that there is anti-Semitism in Blackwood's drawings.$^{:124}$

## "Milner's Kindergarten"

Blackwood studied law and was called to the Bar in 1896. In 1900, he was taken to South Africa by Lord Milner, who had been appointed High Commissioner of South Africa in 1897 and assembled a body of talented young assistants who became known as "Milner's Kindergarten". Blackwood was employed in the Judge Advocate's Department for a year, then was Assistant Colonial Secretary of Orange River Colony from 1901 to 1907. He became Colonial Secretary of Barbados in 1907 and returning to England in 1910, was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Land Development Commission.

## Military service

On the outbreak of World War I, Blackwood obtained a commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 9th Lancers, at the age of 44. He served as a "galloper" at the Battle of Mons and was severely wounded in October 1914 and returned to the United Kingdom. While not yet fit for active service, he served in the Intelligence Corps, and was Private Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1916; but had recovered sufficiently to become a Lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards in the same year. Blackwood was killed in action in a night raid at Boesinghe near Ypres on 4 July 1917. His name is inscribed on the Menin Gate Memorial to the Missing.
# Henry Joseph Steele Bradfield

Henry Joseph Steele Bradfield (1805–1852) was a colonial official and writer.
Bradfield was born on 18 May 1805 in Derby Street, Westminster, where his father, Thomas Bradfield, was a coal merchant. Whilst still under age he published in 1825 Waterloo, or the British Minstrel, a poem. He was bred to the art of surgery, and on 26 April 1826 left England in the schooner Unicorn in Lord Cochrane's expedition to Greece, during which he was present in several engagements by land and sea. After his return he published The Athenaid, or Modern Grecians, a poem, 1830; Tales of the Cyclades, poems, 1830; and in 1839 edited a work entitled A Russian's Reply to the Marquis de Custine's "Russia".
On 1 September 1832 he received from the King of the Belgians a commission as sous-lieutenant in the Bataillon Etranger of Belgium, and was appointed to the 1st regiment of lancers. At one time he held a commission in the Royal West Middlesex Militia. He was appointed on 31 December 1835 stipendiary magistrate in Tobago, from which he was removed to Trinidad on 13 May 1836. He was reappointed to the southern or Cedros district on 13 April 1839, but soon returned to England, having been superseded in consequence of a quarrel with some other colonial officer.
In 1841 he again went to the West Indies in the capacity of private secretary to Colonel Macdonald, lieutenant-governor of Dominica, and in 1842 he acted for some time as colonial secretary in Barbados. The charges which had occasioned his previous return were, however, renewed, and the government cancelled his appointment.
From that period he lived very precariously. He turned his moderate literary talents to account, and among some communications he made to the Gentleman's Magazine were articles on "The Last of the Paleologi" in January 1843, and a "Memoir of Major-general Thomas Dundas and the Expedition to Gaudaloupe" in August, September, and October in the same year. Latterly he practised all the arts of the professional mendicant.
Bradfield killed himself by drinking a bottle of prussic acid at the St. Alban's Hotel, 12 Charles Street, St James's Square, Westminster, on 11 October 1852.
# Wilfrid Edward Francis Jackson

Sir Wilfrid Edward Francis Jackson, GCMG (1883 – 28 March 1971) was a British colonial governor.
Jackson was born in St John's, Newfoundland, the son of Sir Henry Moore Jackson and his wife, Emily, Lady Jackson (née Shea). Edward St. John Jackson was his younger brother. The brothers were raised in their mother's Roman Catholic faith. He was educated at the Jesuit Stonyhurst College and at Lincoln College, Oxford.
He was the Governor of Mauritius from 30 August 1930 to 7 June 1937 and was knighted on 3 June 1931.
During this period the constitution was modified in 1933, and Dr Maurice Curé founded the worker's party as first political party in February 1936. Colonial secretary Edward Walter Evans (1890–1985) acted in place of him for these periods, when he was absent because of professional reasons.
Afterward, Jackson served as Governor of British Guiana from 1937 to 1941 and then he was Governor of Tanganyika from 1941 to 1945.
# Boone Township, Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota

Boone Township is a township in Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 58 at the 2000 United States census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (93 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 58 people, 20 households, and 16 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.6 people per square mile (0.6/km$^2$). There were 28 housing units at an average density of 0.8/sq mi (0.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 93.10% White, 1.72% African American, 1.72% Native American, and 3.45% from two or more races.
There were 20 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.0% were married couples living together, and 20.0% were non-families. 5.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 15.5% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $60,714, and the median income for a family was $62,143. Males had a median income of $30,208 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,679. None of the population or the families were below the poverty line.
48°35′06″N 94°37′29″W﻿ / ﻿48.5849888°N 94.6247360°W﻿ / 48.5849888; -94.6247360
# John Gutch (colonial administrator)

Sir John Gutch, KCMG, OBE (12 July 1905 – 11 February 1988) was a British colonial administrator.
His career in the Colonial Service began in 1928, with his appointment as an Assistant District Commissioner in the Gold Coast (now Ghana). In 1934, he was promoted to Assistant Colonial Secretary. He was posted to the Mandate of Palestine in 1936, eventually becoming Principal Commissioner. He was one of the survivors of the King David Hotel bombing in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946. He was posted by the Foreign Office to Cyrenaica in 1948. He became Chief Secretary of British Guiana in 1950. From September 1955 to January 1961, he was Governor of the Solomon Islands and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. In this role he oversaw not only the Solomon Islands but also the New Hebrides and the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. During his term, the Solomon Islands took their first steps towards self-government, with the establishment of the first Legislative Council.
Gutch was awarded the OBE and a knighthood in 1957.