OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Main Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees

The Main Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees (Russian: Главное управление по делам военнопленных и интернированных НКВД/МВД СССР, ГУПВИ, romanized: GUPVI, GUPVI NKVD SSSR/ MVD SSSR) was an NKVD (later MVD) department in charge of handling of foreign civilian internees and prisoners of war (POWs) in the Soviet Union during and in the aftermath of World War II (1939–1953).
GUPVI was established as a part of the NKVD under the name "Administration for Affairs of Prisoners of War and Internees (UPVI) in September 1939, after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The qualifier "main" was added in January 1945.
The legal foundation for its creation was the Sovnarkom Decree of July 1, 1941 "Regulations on Prisoners of War" ("Положение о военнопленных"), updated by the September 29, 1945 "Regulations on Use of Labor of Prisoners of War" (Положение о трудовом использовании военнопленных).
In many ways, the GUPVI system was similar to GULAG. Its major function was the organization of foreign forced labor in the Soviet Union. Top GUPVI leadership came from the GULAG system. Conditions in the two camp systems were similar: hard labor, poor nutrition and living conditions, high mortality rates.
One major difference with the GULAG system was the absence of convicted criminals in GUPVI camps. Another was that GUPVI camps provided a major source of recruitment of future communist activists for communist states such as the German Democratic Republic and the Polish People's Republic, as well as for various "democratic committees" made up of nationals such as Japanese and Austrians. Significant efforts were made to "ideologically reforge" (идеологическая перековка) prisoners, and numerous clubs, libraries and local radio stations were created.
During the GUPVI's fourteen-year existence, it administered over 500 POW camps in the Soviet Union and abroad, housing over four million prisoners.

## Chiefs

* 1939-1943: Pyotr Soprunenko, major of state security
* 1943-1945: Ivan Petrov [ru], lieutenant general
* 1945-1947: Mikhail Krivenko (Krivenko Mikhail Spiridonovich, 1904–1954)
* 1947-1949: Taras Filippov, lieutenant general
* 1949-1950: I.A. Petrov, lieutenant general (deputy chief, until his discharge for health reasons on November 21, 1950)
* 1950-1953: Amayak Kobulov, lieutenant general (1950-1951: NKVD GUPVI, 1951-1953: MVD UPVI)
# Kalma Chowk

Kalma Chowk (Urdu, Punjabi: کلمہ چوک) is a famous town square and road intersection in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is one of the busiest intersections in terms of traffic. Kalma Chowk Flyover passes over it. It is the intersection of the main roads of Ferozepur Road, Main Boulevard Garden Town and Main Boulevard Gulberg. It is a combination of a two way flyover and a two way heavy duty underpass connecting Garden Town and Gulberg. The flyover was opened for the public in March 2023.
# 1998 Arab Cup final

The 1998 Arab Cup Final was a football match that took place on 1 October 1998, at the Khalifa International Stadium in Doha, Qatar, to determine the winner of the 1998 Arab Cup. Saudi Arabia defeated Qatar 3–1 to win their first Arab Cup.

## Road to the final

| Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia | Qatar | Qatar |
| Opponents | Results | Opponents | Results |
| Group stage ||||
| Algeria U23 | 3–0 | Libya | 2–1 |
| Lebanon | 4–1 | Jordan | 2–0 |
| Semi-finals ||||
| Kuwait | 2–1 | United Arab Emirates | 2–1 |

## Match
### Details

| Saudi Arabia | Qatar |
Saudi Arabia: :
| GK | 1 | Mohamed Al-Deayea |
| DF | 2 | Mohammed Sheliah |
| DF | 3 | Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi |
| DF | 4 | Abdullah Sulaiman | 29' |
| DF | 13 | Hussein Abdulghani |
| MF | 6 | Ibrahim Mater |
| MF | 8 | Khalid Al Temawi |
| MF | 15 | Yousuf Al-Thunayan (c) | | 78' |
| MF | 16 | Khamis Al-Owairan | 57' |
| FW | 11 | Obeid Al-Dosari |
| FW | 14 | Saad Al-Dosari | | 55' |
| Substitutes: |||
| MF | – | Faysal Abou Thnein | | 55' |
| MF | – | Ibrahim Al-Shahrani | | 78' |
| Manager: |||
| Otto Pfister |||
Qatar: :
| GK | – | Ahmed Khalil |
| DF | – | Saoud Fath |
| DF | – | Yousef Adam |
| DF | – | Dahi Al Naemi |
| DF | – | Abdulla Koni | 58' |
| MF | – | Abdulrahman Al-Kuwari |
| MF | – | Abdulnasser Al-Obaidly |
| MF | – | Adel Khamis |
| MF | – | Yasser Nazmi | 60' |
| FW | – | Mahmoud Soufi | 72' |
| FW | – | Mubarak Mustafa |
| Substitutes: |||
| MF | – | Abdulaziz Hassan | 58' |
| MF | – | Fahad Al-Kuwari | 60' |
| FW | – | ? | 72' |
| Manager: |||
| Luiz Gonzaga Milioli |||
| Assistant referees: Yousef Al-Qahtan (Bahrain) Aouni Hassouna (Jordan) Fourth official: ... ... (...) | Man of the Match: Obeid Al-Dosari (Saudi Arabia) |
# Snappii

Snappii (sometimes stylized SnAPPii) is a cloud-based, codeless platform for rapid mobile app development largely for businesses and enterprises. As of 2015, the company has helped produce 26,000 mobile apps in 29 different industries and 17 languages. Some Snappii-produced apps include a Starbucks location finder, a public safety app for college campuses, and a mobile PDF form uploader. Snappii can be used on both iOS and Android devices.

## History

Snappii was founded in 2010 by Alex Bakman, who is its CEO. The Snappii platform was launched in 2011, primarily as a tool for iPhone app creation. The company's iPad and Android app creation systems were still in beta in November 2011. In 2012, Snappii added more compatibility and support for Android devices. Also in 2012, customers created the 6,000th app using the Snappii platform.
In 2015, the Snappii released a series of new features ranging from audio and video support to enhanced charting capabilities. They also announced a new offer called "5 Weeks-$5K-Guaranteed App," which guarantees customers a custom native app within five weeks for $5,000. In August 2015, the company raised $250,000 in investor funding. As of 2015, the Snappii platform has produced around 26,000 applications in 17 languages for companies in 29 different industries.

## Products

Snappii offers a cloud-based, codeless platform for developing business and enterprise mobile applications on iOS and Android devices. Users (including non-programmers) can create their own apps using WYSIWYG formatting rather than source code. Snappii itself can also create custom native apps for clients. Whether the client opts to create their own app or enlists the help of Snappii programmers, they must pay a monthly hosting fee. Snappii has helped develop apps for companies in 29 different industries, including health care, construction, public safety, retail, oil and gas, and others. Features on the Snappii platform include audio and video support, charting capabilities, and the ability to upload PDF forms (via the My PDF Form Manager app).
# Ugorji Okechuwu Ugorji

Ugorji Okechukwu Ugorji (born 1964) is a Nigerian politician, academic, author, and publisher. He is the Commissioner for Homeland Security and Vigilante Affairs in Imo State, and the Special Adviser to Governor Hope Uzodimma on Homeland Security and Intelligence. He is a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC).

## Early life and education

Ugorji was born in Aboh Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria. He obtained a master's degree in Homeland Security from the George Washington University in May 2019. He also obtained a Doctorate of Education in Educational Administration and Supervision in 1994, and Certified Public Manager Studies in 1989–1990, at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He obtained a Master of Arts in Counseling and Personnel Services in 1989, a Bachelor of Science in biology in 1987, and a Bachelor of Arts in psychology in 1986, at Trenton State College (now known as The College of New Jersey), in Ewing Township, New Jersey. He completed a graduate internship Programme at the Office of Career Services at Princeton University in 1988–1989.

## Career

Ugorji is the founder and publisher of Sungai Books, a publishing company based in Princeton, New Jersey, USA. He has written and published books on Nigerian politics, international relations, and African-American culture. He is also the executive director of the African Writers Endowment, a non-profit organization that promotes African literature and culture.

### Politics

Ugorji joined politics in 1998, when he contested for the governorship of Imo State under the banner of the United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP). He later joined the APC and became an ally of Governor Uzodimma. In 2020, he was appointed as the Special Adviser to the Governor on Homeland Security and Intelligence, and in 2021, he was also made the Commissioner for Homeland Security and Vigilante Affairs. He is responsible for overseeing the security and safety of the state, as well as coordinating the activities of the vigilante groups.

## Selected bibliography

* I saw the sky fall (Sungai Books, 2014).
* Sunrise daughters: A global portrait of Igbo women (Sungai Books, 2009)
* Tall Drums: Portraits of Nigerians who are changing America (Sungai Books, 2002)
* The Crow Bride and other Torti tales (Sungai Books, 1997)
* Securing the Homeland (Sungai Books, 2020).
* ILU: African Proverbs in Igbo, with English Translations (Sungai Books, 2023).
* She is Eternal and Other Poems (Goldline and Jacobs Publishing, and Bluesland Communications, 2020).
* From the belly of the Gods: An African mythology (Sungai Books, 1993)
* The Adventures of Torti: Tales from West Africa (Africa World Press, 1991)

## Personal life

Ugorji is married to Uchenna Kate Ugorji, a pediatrician and public health expert. They have six children and reside in Owerri, Imo State.
# 2004 South American Rugby Championship "A"

The 2004 South American Rugby Championship was the 26th edition of the competition of the leading national rugby union teams in South America.
The tournament was played in Santiago, Chile with four teams participating.
Argentina won the tournament. Venezuela participated for the first time as the winner of the 2003 "B" championship.

## Standings

Three points for a victory, two for a draw, and one for a loss
    Team Played Won Drawn Lost For Against Difference Pts  Argentina 330026120+ 2419  Uruguay 320112290+ 327  Chile 310211168+ 435  Venezuela 300318334- 3163

## Results

* First round
* 25 April 2004
| Argentina | 45–3 | Chile |
* Prince of Wales CC, Santiago
* 25 April 2004
| Uruguay | 92–8 | Venezuela |
* Prince of Wales CC, Santiago
* Second round
* 28 April 2004
| Argentina | 69–10 | Uruguay |
* Prince of Wales CC, Santiago
* 28 April 2004
| Chile | 95–3 | Venezuela |
* Prince of Wales CC, Santiago
* Third round
* 1 May 2004
| Argentina | 147–7 | Venezuela |
* Prince of Wales CC, Santiago
* 1 May 2004
| Chile | 13–20 | Uruguay |
* Prince of Wales CC, Santiago
# Ingemar Svensson

Karl Ingemar Svensson (21 March 1929 – 6 April 2004) was a Swedish rower. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the coxed pairs, together with Ove Nilsson and Lars-Erik Larsson, but failed to reach the final. His son Hans also became an Olympic rower.
# Michalis Katrinis

Michalis Katrinis (Greek: Μιχάλης Κατρίνης) (born 1 September 1975 in Pelopio), is a Greek dentist and politician. He has served as an MP for Elis from 2007 to 2012 and then starting again from 2019, and he also served as PASOK – KINAL's Parliamentary leader while Nikos Androulakis was an MEP, from late 2021 to mid-2023. He is also standing as a candidate in the 2024 PASOK – KINAL leadership election.

## Early life and career

Michalis Katrinis was born in 1975 in Pelopio, Elis. He graduated from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in 2000 with a degree in dentistry. He completed postgraduate studies at the same School (MSc in Oral Biology), as well as at the National School of Public Health (Master in Health Services Management). He has worked as a dentist and as a scientific collaborator of the Athens School of Dentistry. In addition, he is a PhD candidate at the Department of Social and Educational Policy of the University of Peloponnese.
From March to December 2014 he was president of OKANA.

### Political career

From his youth he joined PASP and in PASOK Youth and then eventually in PASOK. He is a member of the Central Political Committee of PASOK – KINAL.
In the 2007 and 2009 elections he was elected as an MP for Elis, a position he held until April 2012. In the 2019 elections, he was once again elected as an MP for Elis, with KINAL, and on 17 July 2019 he was appointed shadow minister for Development and Investments of the Parliamentary Group of KINAL. In January 2021, he was appointed Parliamentary Representative of the party. On 14 December 2021, the President of KINAL, Nikos Androulakis, -as he was still an MEP,- nominated him, to lead KINAL's parliamentary group. He was re-elected in the May and June elections of 2023 and in July he was appointed Parliamentary representative along with Dimitris Manzos.
# Duguetia tobagensis

Duguetia tobagensis is a small tree in the plant family Annonaceae which is endemic to Trinidad and Tobago. The species is only known from Tobago.

## Description

Dugetia tobagensis is a small tree, the height of which is unknown. The leaves are 6 to 16 centimetres (2.4 to 6.3 in) long and 2.5 to 6.5 centimetres (0.98 to 2.56 in) wide. Flowers are borne among the leaves on inflorescences with 2 to 4 flowers. The petals are cream-coloured, 12–13 millimetres (0.47–0.51 in) long and 4–7 millimetres (0.16–0.28 in) wide. The fruit of the species has never been collected.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described as Alcmene tobagensis by German botanist Ignatz Urban in 1921. Urban's description was based on a collection made by Walter Elias Broadway in Tobago in 1912. It was transferred to the genus Duguetia by Robert Elias Fries in 1934.
Duguetia tobagensis is very similar to D. pycnastera. In their 2001 monograph on the genus Duguetia Paul Maas and colleagues expressed doubts as to whether the two plants were actually different species, but preferred to keep the two species separate, at least until collections could be made of the fruit of D. tobagensis.

## Distribution

Duguetia tobagensis is known from only four collections, all from Tobago. It was first collected in 1912 by Walter Elias Broadway, a Trinidad-based plant collector and botanist. It was again collected by Broadway in 1914, and then by Kew botanist Noel Yvri Sandwith in 1937. A fourth collection was made in 2000 in the Main Ridge Forest Reserve in Tobago.

## Conservation status

Although Duguetia tobagensis is not listed in the IUCN Red List, the authors of a 2008 assessment of the endemic plant species of Trinidad and Tobago considered it a vulnerable species, as it is known from fewer than five localities.
# Serdar Bayrak

Serdar Bayrak (born 27 August 1985) is a Turkish footballer who plays for German amateur side TSV Rothwesten II.
# Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

By the end of World War II, the number of Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union was significant. Up to 100,000 Romanian soldiers were disarmed and taken prisoner by the Red Army after the Royal coup d'état of August 23, 1944, when Romania switched its alliance from the Axis Powers to the Allies. Before that date, almost 165,000 Romanian soldiers were reported missing, with most of them assumed to be POWs. Soviet authorities generally used prisoners of war as a work force in various labor camps.
From late 1943 to early 1944, Romanian POWs were present in all 16 production camps operated by the Soviets. They were the majority in Camp no. 75 from Ryabovo (peat extraction), Camp no. 93 from Tyumen (forestry operations), and Camp no. 99 from Spassky-Zavod (coal industry), and had a significant share in the labor force in Camp no. 68 from Potanino, Camp no. 84 from Asbest, and Camp no. 108 from Beketovka.$^{:XXVI}$
For example, 6,740 Romanians worked in the Spassky prisoner-of-war camp of Karlag, in Karaganda Oblast, Kazakh SSR. Located at a distance of 45 km (28 mi) from Karaganda, Spassky camp no. 99 was established in July 1941, and was the largest POW camp in the region. The first group of Romanian POWs (totaling 918 prisoners) arrived at the camp on September 8, 1941.$^{:36}$ While eventually most of the prisoners in the camp were German and Japanese, over 8,000 of them were Romanian POWs. Over 1,100 of those Romanian prisoners died at Spassky camp, due to the harsh conditions there.
Some Romanian prisoners volunteered to fight for the Soviets; they went on to form the Tudor Vladimirescu Division under Nicolae Cambrea in October 1943, but it did not go into action until after King Michael I led Romania to join the Allies. In April 1945 a second division, the Horia, Cloșca și Crișan Division led by Mihail Lascăr, was created, a mixture of prisoners and Romanian communist volunteers, but the war ended before it saw combat.
An April 1946 report to Vyacheslav Molotov (see the wikisource reference) stated that in 1945, 61,662 Romanian POWs were repatriated, 20,411 took part in forming Romanian volunteer divisions, and about 50,000 more remained in labor camps. The last Romanian POWs were freed in 1956. Some were arrested again by Communist Romanian authorities on their arrival in Romania "for waging war on the Soviet Union", and sent to Sighet Prison.
On September 9, 2003, a granite monument was inaugurated at the Spassky camp cemetery by then-Romanian President Ion Iliescu. It bears the inscription "In memoriam. To those over 900 Romanian prisoners of war who died in Stalinist camps in central Kazakhstan in 1941–1950."
# Windy (weather service)

Windy is a Czech company providing interactive weather forecasting services worldwide.
The portal was founded by Ivo Lukačovič in November 2014, initially focusing on wind animation. It has since expanded to include various essential meteorological parameters, such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, cloud base, and additional panels featuring more advanced data. The wind animation component is based on the open-source project earth by Cameron Beccario.
As of May 2018, it had a team of six employees, and 300,000 users visited the site per day.

## List of weather models
### Global models

* GFS (Resolution 22 km)
* ECMWF (Resolution 9 km)
* ICON by German DWD (Resolution 6 km for Europe, 13 km for global)
* Meteoblue AI Global Model

### Local models

* NEMS by Swiss company Meteoblue (Resolution 4 km for Europe)
* NAM Conus by NOAA (Resolution 5 km for continental US)
* NAM Alaska (Resolution 6 km for Alaska)
* NAM Hawaii (Resolution 4 km for Hawaii)
* HRDPS by ECCC (Resolution 2.5 km for Canada)
* AROME by Météo-France (Resolution 1.25 km for France, Germany and the Alps)
# Micronesia Challenge

The Micronesia Challenge is a regional inter-governmental initiative in the western Pacific region that would facilitate more effective conservation of marine and forest resources in Micronesia.
On 5 November 2005, President of Palau Tommy E. Remengesau, Jr. called on his regional peers to join him in the Micronesia Challenge, which would conserve 30 percent of near shore coastal waters and 20 percent of forest land by 2020. Joining the initiative were Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia and Marshall Islands, and the U.S. territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands. These nations and territories represent nearly 5 percent of the marine area of the Pacific Ocean and 7 percent of its coastlines.
# Boldenone

Boldenone (developmental code name RU-18761), is a naturally occurring anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and the 1(2)-dehydrogenated analogue of testosterone. Boldenone itself has never been marketed; as a pharmaceutical drug, it is used as boldenone undecylenate, the undecylenate ester.

## Pharmacology
### Pharmacodynamics

Like other AAS, boldenone is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR). The activity of boldenone is mainly anabolic, with a low androgenic potency. Boldenone will increase nitrogen retention, protein synthesis, increases appetite and stimulates the release of erythropoietin in the kidneys.

## Chemistry

Boldenone, also known as Δ$^1$-testosterone, 1-dehydrotestosterone, or androsta-1,4-dien-17β-ol-3-one, is a naturally occurring androstane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. It is specifically testosterone with a double bond between the C1 and C2 positions. A related compound is quinbolone, the 17-cyclopentenyl enol ether of boldenone.

### Sources

Boldenone occurs naturally in the scent gland of Ilybius fenestratus, a species of aquatic beetle.

## History

Ciba reportedly patented boldenone in 1949. It subsequently developed several experimental esters of the drug in the 1950s and 1960s. One of these was boldenone undecylenate, which was introduced for clinical use under the brand name Parenabol and saw some use in the late 1960s and early 1970s. However, it was discontinued before the end of the 1970s. Subsequently, boldenone undecylenate was introduced by Squibb under the brand name Equipose for veterinary use, most commonly in horses.

## Society and culture
### Generic names

Boldenone is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name and BANTooltip British Approved Name.

### Brand names

Boldenone is marketed as veterinary drug as boldenone undecylenate (a derivative of boldenone) under the following brand names: Boldebal H, Equipoise, and Sybolin. It is marketed as a veterinary combination drug with methandriol under the brand name Drive.
In Ukraine, it is marketed for human consumption as the injectable steroid Boldenol.

### Doping in sports

There are many known cases of doping in sports with boldenone undecylenate by professional athletes.
# Estola timbauba

Estola timbauba is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2006. It is known from Bolivia.
# Semi Belkahia

Semi Belkahia (born 22 December 1998) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Arminia Bielefeld.

## Career

Belkahia made his professional debut for 1860 Munich on 8 April 2019, coming on as a substitute in the 89th minute for Dennis Dressel in the 1–0 away loss against Sonnenhof Großaspach.
In June 2023, Belkahia signed for recently relegated 3. Liga club Arminia Bielefeld.

## Personal life

Belkahia was born in Munich, Bavaria and is of Tunisian descent.