OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Debra Gauthier

Debra Gauthier is a former Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department lieutenant who chronicled in a book her 21-year police career as a woman on a predominantly male police force.

## Education

Gauthier graduated with a bachelor's degree in fine arts in 1979 and a master's in public administration in 1990 from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

## Career

She joined the Las Vegas police force in 1980 as the first woman in the department to be placed on street patrol.
In 1986, she arrested Mafia lieutenant Herbert Blitzstein during a multi-agency task force called “Operation Chutzpah.”
She implemented the department's first bicycle patrol unit, which she oversaw as a sergeant. Afterward, in 1994, she was promoted to lieutenant. She appeared as a cast member on Fox's TV series Cops while still a bike patrol sergeant.
Gauthier claimed discrimination against the department while working in what she claimed was a male-dominated environment under unsafe conditions. After she was promoted to lieutenant and passed the captain's test, she was demoted following an internal affairs probe into ethics allegations brought by a subordinate. In 1999, Gauthier was one of four women who held a news conference outside police headquarters claiming discrimination by the department.
While still on the force, Gauthier filed a $1 million suit against her department for discrimination. A federal jury ruled against her in 2002 and dismissed her lawsuit against the department.
In 1999–2000, Gauthier was appointed as a member of the American Bar Association's Judicial Assessment Commission of the Nevada Supreme Court.
In 2002, following a forced retirement after 21 years, Gauthier ran unsuccessfully for the office of sheriff of Clark County. Ms. magazine wrote that one of her campaign platforms was disqualifying police officer candidates with histories of violent behavior.
In August 2013, Gauthier appeared on Pat Robertson's The 700 Club on the Christian Broadcasting Network to discuss her career and her life as a woman working in a male-dominated police force. She was questioned about her known homosexuality.

## Bright Lights, Dark Places

In July 2011, a memoir titled Bright Lights, Dark Places: Pioneering As A Female Police Officer In Las Vegas was released by Tate Publishing. The book chronicles Gauthier's career as an officer with the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department from 1980 to 2001.
The Las Vegas Review-Journal wrote that "the picture (Gauthier) paints of the Metropolitan Police Department in the book is not a flattering one. She writes that she endured sexual harassment, was intentionally not notified of meetings she was supposed to attend, had her days off changed without notice and was passed over for promotions."
Las Vegas columnist John L. Smith wrote that “former Metro Lt. Debra Gauthier has just published a revealing memoir of her life, police career and spiritual growth.
She was described as a "trail blazer" by BlogTalkRadio for writing the book. She also appeared on the "It's A Crime" show on KCAA-AM 1050 NBC Radio to discuss the book and her career.
# Laura Herz

Laura Maria Herz FRS FInstP FRSC is a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. She works on femtosecond spectroscopy for the analysis of semiconductor materials.

## Early life and education

Herz studied physics at the University of Bonn and graduated in 1999. She worked for two years as an exchange student at University of New South Wales. She joined the University of Cambridge for her doctoral studies, earning a PhD in 2002. Here she worked on exciton and polaron dynamics in organic semiconductors.

## Research and career

After her PhD, Herz was appointed a postdoctoral research fellow at St John's College, Cambridge, in 2001. She was awarded an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Advanced Research Fellowship in 2006 and an EPSRC Open Fellowship in 2024. Herz joined the Department of Physics, University of Oxford as new faculty in 2003 and became a full professor in 2010.
Herz is an expert in perovskite semiconductors. She has researched the origins of the high charge-carrier mobilities in perovskite materials. She demonstrated that their high efficiency in solar cells was due to long charge-carrier diffusion lengths and non-Langevin recombination. She identified that perovskite light emission is broad and can be used in Ultrafast lasers. She recognised that the origin of this broadening is Fröhlich coupling to longitudinal optical phonons.
Herz is also interested in self-assembly and nanoscale effects. She works on Biomimetics light harvesting structures made of porphyrin nanorings to explore delocalised excited states.
She appeared on the BBC Radio 4 show In Our Time in 2015.
In 2024, Herz was elected as Fellow of the Royal Society.
Her short citation reads:
   Laura Herz is distinguished for her study of light-harvesting and energy-conversion pathways in emerging semiconductors. Her research has pushed boundaries across interdisciplinary themes including light-matter interactions, charge-carrier dynamics, molecular self-assembly, biomimetic systems and nanoscience. Her work has been central to guiding materials synthesis, chemical engineering and advancing technology for renewable energy conversion.

### Awards and honours

Her awards and honours include:
* 2024 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
* 2024 Institute of Physics Faraday Medal and Prize
* 2024 Fellow of the Materials Research Society
* 2022 Royal Society of Chemistry Environment, Sustainability and Energy Division mid-career Award
* 2018 Institute of Physics Nevill Mott Medal and Prize
* 2018 Oxford University Student Union Outstanding Graduate Supervisor
* 2018 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Friedrich-Wilhelm-Bessel Award
# Top of the World (1997 film)

Top of the World is a 1997 film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Peter Weller, Dennis Hopper and Tia Carrere. It also features David Alan Grier, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Peter Coyote and Joe Pantoliano. The plot is set in Las Vegas.

## Plot

In Las Vegas for a quickie divorce, a just-paroled ex-cop and his wife wander into the Cowboy Country Casino, run by the shady Charles Atlas. They win big, right as the casino is being robbed. The police believe their big win was a staged diversion and the two of them become suspects. Over the course of the evening and next morning, the two attempt to escape the surrounded casino and prove their innocence, as well as save their marriage.

## Cast

* Peter Weller as Ray Mercer
* Dennis Hopper as Charlie Atlas
* Tia Carrere as Rebecca Mercer
* David Alan Grier as Detective Augustus
* Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Captain Hefter
* Gavan O'Herlihy as Lieutenant Logan
* Michael DeLano as Lieutenant De Rosa
* Joe Pantoliano as Vince Castor
* Martin Kove as Carl
* Kevin Bernhardt as Dean
* Dell Yount as Mac
* Derek Anunciation as Fredo
* Alexander Mervin as Benny
* Eddie Mekka as Joe Burns
* Ed Lauter as Mel Ridgefield
* Peter Coyote as Tony "The Butcher" Borghesi
* Paul Vroom as Chick
* Eric James as Mick
* Joseph J. Tomaska as Rick
* Peter Vent as Dick
* Larry Manetti as Morgan
* Sly Smith as Fipps
* Frank Patton III as Franco
* Rusty Meyers as Sergeant Daniels
* Julie McCullough as Ginger
* Lati Grobman as Cindy
* Paul Herman as The Valet
# 2012–13 VfR Aalen season

The 2012–13 VfR Aalen season was the 92nd season in the club's football history. The club competed in the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of German football. It was the club's first-ever season in this league, having won promotion from the 3. Liga in 2011–12.
The club also took part in the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, where it reached the second round, losing 4–1 to Bundesliga side Borussia Dortmund.

## Pre-season

Win  Draw  Loss  Postponed

## Competitions
### 2. Bundesliga
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| 7 | 1. FC Union Berlin | 34 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 50 | 49 | +1 | 49 | |
| 8 | Energie Cottbus | 34 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 41 | 36 | +5 | 48 | |
| 9 | VfR Aalen | 34 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 40 | 39 | +1 | 46 | |
| 10 | FC St. Pauli | 34 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 44 | 47 | −3 | 43 | |
| 11 | MSV Duisburg (R) | 34 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 37 | 49 | −12 | 43 | Relegation to 3. Liga |
* ↑ MSV Duisburg were denied a license for the 2013–14 2. Bundesliga season, and, in accordance with the rules of the DFL (Deutsche Fußball Liga), Duisburg are replaced by the best-placed originally relegated team, SV Sandhausen.

#### Matches

Win  Draw  Loss  Postponed

### DFB-Pokal
## Sources

* ↑ DFB-Pokal 2012/2013 .:. Spielplan (in German) DFB-Pokal 2012–13, accessed: 5 September 2012
* ↑ "Keine Lizenz für den MSV Duisburg" [No license for MSV Duisburg] (in German). DFL. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013. Alt URL
# Certolizumab pegol

Certolizumab pegol, sold under the brand name Cimzia, is a biopharmaceutical medication for the treatment of Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It is a fragment of a monoclonal antibody specific to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and is manufactured by UCB.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

## Medical uses
### Crohn's Disease

    On April 22, 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Cimzia for the treatment of Crohn's disease in people who did not respond sufficiently or adequately to standard therapy.

### Rheumatoid arthritis

    On June 26, 2009, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) issued a positive opinion recommending that the European Commission grant a marketing authorisation for Cimzia for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis only - the CHMP refused approval for the treatment of Crohn's disease. The marketing authorisation was granted to UCB Pharma SA in October 2009.

### Psoriatic arthritis

    On September 27, 2013, the U.S. FDA approved Cimzia for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis.

## Method of action

Certolizumab pegol is a monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha. More precisely, it is a PEGylated Fab' fragment of a humanized TNF inhibitor monoclonal antibody.

## Clinical trials
### Crohn's disease

    Positive results have been demonstrated in two phase III trials (PRECiSE 1 and 2) of certolizumab pegol versus placebo in moderate to severe active Crohn's disease.

### Axial spondyloarthritis

    In 2013, a phase 3 double blind randomized placebo-controlled study found significantly positive results in patient self-reported questionnaires, with rapid improvement of function and pain reduction, in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

### Rheumatoid arthritis

    Certolizumab appears beneficial in those with rheumatoid arthritis.
# Marshall J. Beverley

Marshall Jones Beverley (August 26, 1911 – June 14, 2000) was a banker and Mayor of Alexandria, Virginia in the 1950s.

## Early life and family

Beverley was born on August 26, 1911, in Alexandria, Virginia. The son of Richard H. Carter Beverley, Sr., and Elizabeth Winter Jones, Beverley was a cousin of long-time Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. He was a banker with the Washington, DC–based Riggs National Bank from 1929 to 1935 and then joined Alexandria's Burke and Herbert Bank.
Beverley entered the military in 1938 as a member of the U.S. Naval Reserve and was commissioned an officer in the U.S. Navy on December 10, 1941. A veteran of World War II, he left the service with the rank of lieutenant commander.
In 1947, Beverley married Janet deNeale English; they had four children: Janet deNeale Beverley, Barbara Beverley, Marshall J. Beverley, Jr., and Richard Byrd Beverley.

## Political service

Beverley was elected as a member of the Alexandria City Council in 1949 and was elected mayor as a Democrat from 1951 to 1955.
He was named to the Board of Visitors of Mount Vernon in 1964 and served on the board until 1995.

## Later life and death

Beverley served as a federal bank examiner for the Federal Reserve Bank and later retired as Senior Vice President of United Virginia Bank in 1976. The Beverleys retired to Berkeley County, West Virginia, and he died in Martinsburg, West Virginia, in 2000.
# Sign of Tanit

The sign of Tanit or sign of Tinnit is an anthropomorph symbol of the Punic goddess Tanit, present on many archaeological remains of the Carthaginian civilization.
The symbol has many variants, but the basic form consists of a disc on top of a triangle, separated by a horizontal line, like a schematic image of a person.
Punic stele containing the sign of Tannit were uncovered in the hundreds in the site of El-Hofra in Cirta (Constantine, Algeria) and are showcased in the Louvre Museum.
A coin with the sign and a legend ΦΑΝΗΒΑΛΟΣ phanebalos, presumably the Greek form of the Phoenician title of the goddess, i.e. 𐤕𐤍𐤕 𐤐𐤍 𐤁𐤏𐤋‎ tnt pn bʿl, "Tanit the face of Baal (Hammon)", was found in Ashkelon.
The first report about the representations of the sign was in the beginning of the 19th century, on stele unearthed on the site of Carthage. Archaeological excavations have subsequently uncovered representations on other supports, such as mosaics or even on ceramics.
The excavations of tophet of Carthage, Sousse and Motya have highlighted the particularly important diffusion of the symbol in the western Mediterranean Basin, although the lack of discoveries on primitive Phoenician land may only be due to continued occupation of sites, making searches more difficult.
Modern scholars associate the symbol with the goddess Tanit, partner of Ba'al Hammon and the most important goddess in the Punic religion. This identification is widely, but not universally, accepted. The motif may have had an apotropaic purpose, intended to offer protection from the evil eye.
The symbol is used in some contexts in modern Tunisia. For example, it has appeared on the Tanit d'or, the grand prize of the biennial Carthage Film Festival, since its establishment in 1966.

## Gallery

* Sign of Tanit pendants from Ashkelon
* Stele of the necropolis of Carthage
* Stele of the necropolis of Carthage
* Stele of the necropolis of Carthage
* Representation of Tanit's sign at Kerkouane
* Graeco-Punic funerary aedicule of Marsala, with painted Tanit's sign
* Tanit's sign on Lilybaeum stele
* Tanit's sign in a Delian mosaic in the house of the dolphins
* A Modern Tanit's sign at the opening ceremony of the Carthage Film Festival 2018
# New Mexico State Road 231

State Road 231 (NM 231) is a 4.995-mile-long (8.039 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 231's western terminus is at NM 278 southeast of Tucumcari, and the eastern terminus is at NM 469 north of Grady.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Quay County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.000 | 0.000 | NM 278 | Western terminus |
| ​ | 4.995 | 8.039 | NM 469 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Chronicon Roskildense

Chronicon Roskildense (Danish: Roskildekrøniken English: Roskilde Chronicle) is a small Danish historical work, written in Latin. It is one of the oldest known attempts to write a coherent account of Danish history by a Danish author, spanning from the introduction of Christianity in Denmark to the author's own time in the middle of the 12th century.

## History

The original chronicle covers the time frame of 826 to c. 1143. A later addition from the reign of King Valdemar I of Denmark, of a few more pages, takes the chronicle to 1157 when King Valdemar I gains the throne of Denmark; these additional pages are mostly direct quotes from other sources.
The author is unknown, but has been assumed to have had some connection to Roskilde Cathedral. The author is very confident with matters dealing with Roskilde. Churchly matters are not of special interest to the author who writes vividly about all kinds of local matters. Events themselves are only briefly covered while people taking part in them or even causing them are throughout covered with great passion.
Unlike Saxo's Gesta Danorum or Aggesen's Brevis Historia Regum Dacie, Chronicon Roskildense often covers the 'losing' side in these very same events as told by Saxo Grammaticus and Svend Aggesen. At times the author can seem very bitter and blinded by politic; however, this fact also makes this chronicle a very interesting piece of work. The early part of the work is in many cases based on Adam of Bremen's Descriptio insularum Aquilonis, sometimes even using direct quotes. However, the author only takes what is needed and the meaning is not always the same.
As with many Danish chronicles, the exact time of writing is not known with certainty. The original chronicle ends very suddenly. The last subject written about concerns the quarrel between Bishop Rike of Schleswig and Bishop Eskil of Lund over the Archbishop seat of Lund between 1137 and 1138. Olaf "II" Haraldsen, the son of Harald Kesja who is killed in 1143, is still alive as of the writing. With these in mind, the book must have been finished c. 1143.
The original manuscript is lost today and the chronicle exists now only in copies made in the 13th, 16th and 17th centuries. Copies in Latin reside in:
* University Library, Kiel, S. H. 8 A.8° (13th century). Known as Codex Kiloniensis.
* Den Arnamagnæanske Samling, Copenhagen, AM 107 8o (16th century).
* Uppsala University Library, De la Gardie XXV-XXIX (17th century).
# Internationalist Communist League (Portugal)

Internationalist Communist League (Portuguese: Liga Comunista Internacionalista) was a Trotskyist political party in Portugal. LCI was founded in 1973. It became the Portuguese section of the reunified Fourth International.
LCI published Acção Comunista, and, for young people, "Toupeira Vermelha".
In 1978 LCI merged with PRT to form the Revolutionary Socialist Party.
* This article about a Communist party in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a Portuguese political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Respiratory syncytial virus G protein

Respiratory syncytial virus G protein is a glycoprotein produced by respiratory syncytial virus. Some features of the G protein suggest it could be important to respiratory syncytial virus vaccine or antiviral drug target design.
# Pramodh Kumara

Pramodh Kumara (born 20 July 1995) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 4 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in the 2019–20 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He made his first-class debut on 31 January 2020, for Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club in Tier B of the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament.
# Ian McCombie

Ian Peter McCombie (born 11 January 1961) is a British racewalker and lawyer for Northern law firm Ward Hadaway.

## Athletics career

McCombie competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 1984 Summer Olympics and 1988 Summer Olympics.
He represented England and won a bronze medal in the 30 km walk event, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland. Four years later he represented England and won another bronze medal, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand.
Captain of British Walking Team, he competed in the World Walking Championships of 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989 and 1991. McCombie also competed in three World Athletics Championships, 1983 (Helsinki), 1987 (Rome) and 1991 (Tokyo), and finishing 9th in 1987. He also won 27 British and English National Titles, including an unbeaten nine successive 10 mile Championships 1982 to 1991, multiple national record holder.

## Personal life

Later was President of Leeds Law Society 2005/6 and also President Cambridge Harriers 1999/2000.
Head of Commercial Dispute Resolution at Leeds office of Ward Hadaway, one of UK’s top 75 law firms. His recent cases include successful defence in the long-running Hillsborough Disaster prosecution (May 2021), and recovering £20.8m for Adrian Fewings MBE (September 2021 - see BBC report).
# James Earl Reid

James Earl Reid (September 9, 1942 – July 18, 2021) was an American sculptor, best known for the statue of Billie Holiday in Baltimore, Maryland, and for the sculpture Third World America that was at the center of the 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid.
Reid was born September 9, 1942, in Princeton, North Carolina. He attended Southern High School in Baltimore, and after graduation, attended the Maryland Institute College of Art on scholarship. He went on to obtain an M.A. degree in sculpture from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1970. After graduation which he joined the university as an assistant professor, and later taught at Spelman College, Atlanta University, Morgan State University, Goucher College and the Baltimore School for the Arts.
In 1979, Reid began the design for the statue of Billie Holiday, eventually unveiled in 1985.
In the 1980s, one of his sculptures, Third World America, became embroiled in Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, a 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case about the U.S. copyright law's work made for hire doctrine. The court held in that case that Reid was an independent contractor, not an employee, of the Community for Creative Non-Violence (CCNV), who had commissioned the Third World America sculpture, but stopped short of awarding Reid sole ownership, instead remanding the case for further consideration of whether the sculpture was a work of joint authorship. The parties went to mediation and settled, with CCNV taking sole ownership of the actual sculpture itself, but Reid being declared the sole author and owner of its copyright. Under the terms of the settlement, both parties had the right to make two-dimensional reproductions, and Reid retained the sole right to make three-dimensional reproductions; each party kept whatever income was derived from its reproductions.
Reid died from congestive heart failure on July 17, 2021, at Harbor Hospital in Baltimore, at the age of 78.
# Nolens Doctrine

The Nolens Doctrine is a principle in politics of the Netherlands that Catholics should only collaborate with the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) in the cabinet in cases of "utmost necessity."

## Background

The doctrine refers to the leader of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations, Willem Hubert Nolens. He articulated this principle in 1922 after the League's board sought to forbid cooperation. Nolens' aim was not to exclude collaboration with the social democrats but rather to leave the door slightly open. Towards the end of the interwar period, the doctrine lost its significance as the rise of fascism and the economic crisis led the SDAP to adopt a more responsible stance, removing several ideological obstacles. This resulted in the formation of the second De Geer cabinet in August 1939, which included both the SDAP and the League's successor, the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP).
After World War II, the phrase "utmost necessity" was often referenced when the successor of the RKSP, the Catholic People's Party (KVP), did or did not form a coalition with the successor of the SDAP, the Labour Party (PvdA). Political scientist Hans Daudt formalized this into a theory in 1980 (also known as the Daudt doctrine), but it is generally rejected within political science.
# Chamod Silva

Chamod Silva (born 24 February 1995) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his List A debut for Polonnaruwa District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 21 March 2017.