OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colin Southgate

Sir Colin Southgate (24 July 1938 – 26 July 2021) was an English businessman. He served as chief executive of Thorn EMI and chairman of the Royal Opera House.

## Early life

Colin Grieve Southgate was born in New Malden, Surrey on 24 July 1938. He was the only child of Cyril, a fruit merchant in the old Covent Garden market, and Edith. Upon the outbreak of World War II, Edith took Southgate and his elder sister Jean to Northampton. After the war he attended primary school in Kingston upon Thames, and his family relocated to Epsom when he was a teenager. He won a place at the public City of London School, making the journey there by train.

## Career

Southgate trained as an actuary at National Provident Institution, in a period he later described as the worst two and a half years of his life. He left for the computer industry on the advice of a friend, and worked at International Computers and Tabulators customising company software packages. He stayed at the company for ten years.
In 1970 Southgate and his father-in-law founded Software Sciences, which they sold to BOC and Thorn EMI. Southgate joined the latter as head of business and security systems in 1983, after taking an 18-month break. In 1984 he joined its board. He was appointed chief executive of Thorn EMI in 1987 and became its chairman two years later. He served on the Bank of England's Court of Directors, was a trustee of the National Gallery, and chaired PowerGen.
He was knighted in 1992.
In 1997 he became a non-executive director at the executive search company Whitehead Mann Group.
In 1998 Southgate was chosen by Prime Minister Tony Blair to chair the Royal Opera House. In a press conference in the role he said, "I don't want to sit next to somebody with a singlet, smelly shorts and a pair of trainers when I go to the opera". The first year was a testing one for him, as his roles at EMI and the Opera House overlapped for eighteen months. Nevertheless, he solved the management issues at the Opera House, sorted out the finances, and completed the renovations with a gala attended by the Queen and Tony Blair. He stood down from the Opera House in 2003 and became chairman of Whitehead Mann Group, before retiring in 2006.

## Personal life

Southgate married Sally Mead in 1962, whom he met through his work at International Computers and Tabulators. The couple had two sons and two daughters, and lived in Berkshire, the south of France, and Tuscany.
Southgate died of a heart attack on 26 July 2021.
# Pinchas Stolper

Pinchas Aryeh Stolper (October 22, 1931 – May 25, 2022) was an American Orthodox rabbi and writer, who was a spokesman for Jewish Orthodoxy through his writings and books popularizing Orthodox Judaism.

## Biography

Stolper was a disciple of Rabbi Yitzchak Hutner at the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin and at its Kollel Gur Aryeh in Brooklyn. He received degrees from Brooklyn College and from the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research. He died at the age of 90 on May 25, 2022 after a prolonged illness.
Stolper attended Yeshivas Chaim Berlin.
Stolper was the first National Director of the National Conference of Synagogue Youth (NCSY) of the Orthodox Union. He subsequently served for close to twenty years as the head of the Orthodox Union as its executive vice-president, retiring from that position in 2003.

## Books

* Pesach (NCSY, first published 1962)
* Tested Teen Age Activities NCSY, first published 1964)
* Revelation what Happened on Sinai? (NCSY, first published 1966)
* Jewish Alternatives in Love, Dating and Marriage (NCSY, first published 1967). Renamed: The Sacred Trust: Love, Dating and Marriage: The Jewish View ISBN 0-89906-640-2
* How do I Know it is Kosher (NCSY, first published 1968)
* Real Messiah: A Jewish Response to Missionaries (NCSY, first published 1976)
* Purim in a New Light: Mystery, Grandeur and Depth: Revealed through the writings of Rabbi Yitzchak Hutner (Israel Book Shop, first published 2003) ISBN 1931681309
* Living Beyond Time: The Mystery and Meaning of the Jewish Festivals (Shaar Press/ArtScroll, first published 2003) ISBN 1-57819-744-9
* Chanukah in a New light: Grandeur, Heroism and Depth: As revealed through the writings of Rabbi Yitzchak Hutner (Israel Book Shop, first published 2005) ISBN 1-931681-76-7
* Hidden Lights: Chanukah and the Jewish/Greek Conflict (Israel Book Shop, first published 2005) ISBN 1-931681-77-5
# Sydney Batch

Sydney Jeanene Batch (born March 1, 1979) is a Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly, who has represented the state's 17th Senate district since 2021 and formerly represented the State's 37th House district from 2019 until 2021.

## Education and legal career

Batch received her B.A. Degree in English, her Juris Doctor Degree, and a master's degree in social work all from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Batch has practiced law since 2005 at her firm in Raleigh, North Carolina. Batch practices divorce law, child custody law, and child welfare law. In 2019, Batch was recognized by Super Lawyers as a top attorney in family law in Raleigh, North Carolina.

## Political career

Batch defeated John Adcock in the November 2018 general election. Batch won by a margin of 50 percent to 48 percent. She lost her 2020 reelection race to Erin Pare. On January 11, 2021, Batch was appointed to the North Carolina Senate for District 17.
North Carolina House of Representatives 37th district general election, 2018 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Sydney Batch | 22,803 | 49.92% |
| | Republican | John Adcock | 21,859 | 47.85% |
| | Libertarian | Guy Meilleur | 1,018 | 2.23% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 45,680 | 100% |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican |
North Carolina House of Representatives 37th district general election, 2020 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Erin Paré | 35,136 | 50.06% |
| | Democratic | Sydney Batch (incumbent) | 32,842 | 46.79% |
| | Libertarian | Liam Leaver | 2,208 | 3.15% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 70,186 | 100% |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |
North Carolina Senate 17th district general election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Sydney Batch (incumbent) | 45,279 | 51.83% |
| | Republican | Mark Cavaliero | 40,167 | 45.97% |
| | Libertarian | Patrick J. Bowersox | 1,922 | 2.20% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 87,368 | 100% |
# Trichilia triacantha

Trichilia triacantha, the bariaco, is a species of plant in the Meliaceae family endemic to Puerto Rico.

## Description

The bariaco is a shrub or a tree reaching up to 9 meters tall. It has leaves made up of several leathery, spine-toothed leaflets and the flowers are white. The fruit is a capsule with a red aril.

## Habitat

The plant grows in dry forest habitat on limestone substrates, often near intermittent streams.

## Conservation

As of 2007 there were 10 populations of the tree containing a total of 109 individuals. 47 of these were found to be fertile. Six of the ten populations were located in the Guánica National Forest. Two of these were composed of single individuals located several kilometers from other members of the species, and so are unlikely to reproduce.
This plant has been overharvested because its wood is useful and attractive. It is additionally threatened by habitat loss, and as such is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
# Mågålaupet

Mågålaupet (also written Magalaupet or Måggålaupet) is a 100-meter (330 ft) long, zigzag-shaped gorge in the river Driva in Oppdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the Drivdalen valley, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the south of the village of Oppdal. The narrowest point is 1.5 meters (4 ft 11 in) wide.
The gorge consists of a series of large interconnected giant's kettles formed by the river Driva since the last ice age. The bedrock in the gorge is hard gneiss.
* Giant's kettles in Mågålaupet
# Zbigniew Grzybowski

Zbigniew Grzybowski (born 1 January 1976) is a Polish footballer who plays as a winger for Arka Trzebnice.

## Career

He played as a midfielder for Olympiakos Nicosia and at several Polish clubs.

## Honours

Zagłębie Lubin
* Ekstraklasa: 2006–07
Górnik Polkowice
* III liga Lower Silesia-Lubusz: 2008–09
Chojnowianka Chojnów
* Klasa A Legnica III: 2019–20
# Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya

The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya or KGBV is a residential girls’ secondary school run by the Government of India for the weaker sections in India.

## History

The plan was introduced by the Government of India in August 2004. It was then integrated into the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program, to provide educational facilities for girls belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, minority communities and families below the poverty line in Educationally Backward Blocks.

## Objective

Gender disparities still persist in rural areas and among disadvantaged communities. Looking at enrolment trends, there remain significant gaps in the enrollment of girls at the elementary level as compared to boys, especially at the upper primary levels. The objective of KGBV is to ensure that quality education is feasible and accessible to the girls of disadvantaged groups of society by setting up residential schools with boarding facilities at elementary level.

## Eligibility

The scheme was applicable since its inception in 2004, in Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs) where the rural female literacy is below the national average (46.13%: Census 2001) and the gender gap in literacy is more than the national average (21.59%: Census 2001). Among these blocks, schools may be set up in areas with:
* concentration of tribal population, with low female literacy and/or many girls out of school
* concentration of SC, ST, OBC and minority populations, with low female literacy and/or many girls out of school
* areas with low female literacy
* areas with many small, scattered habitations that do not qualify for a school
The criteria of eligible blocks has been revised with effect from 1 April 2008 to include the following:
* An additional 316 Educationally backward blocks with rural female literacy below 30%.
* 94 Towns/cities having minority concentration (as per the list identified by Ministry of Minority Affairs) with female literacy rate below the national average (53.67%: Census 2001).

## Coverage

The scheme has been implemented in 28 states and union territories:
Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
2,578 KGBVs were sanctioned by the Government of India. Of these, 427 KGBVs have been sanctioned in Muslim concentration blocks, 612 in ST blocks, 688 in SC blocks. A total of 750 residential schools have been opened in educational backward blocks. 75% enrollment is reserved for girls from SC, ST, OBC and Minority communities and the other 25% to girls from families below the poverty line.
# Marcel Wehr

Marcel Wehr is a German footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for TSV Großbardorf.
# Patricia McCormick (author)

Patricia McCormick (born May 23, 1956) is an American journalist and writer of realistic fiction for young adults. She has twice been a finalist for the National Book Award.

## Career

McCormick graduated from Rosemont College in 1974–1978. McCormick earned an MS from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalismnd an MFA from the New School in 1999. She currently lives in New York City. McCormick is a frequent contributor to several magazines and newspapers, including The New York Times, Ladies Home Journal, Town & Country, and Reader's Digest.
Her books rely heavily on research and interviews. To write her novel Sold, McCormick traveled to the brothels of India and the mountain villages of Nepal to interview survivors of sex trafficking. For her book Never Fall Down, she spent a month in Cambodia with a survivor of the Khmer Rouge Genocide.
She has worked with Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani girl who was shot by the Taliban for standing up for her right to an education. The book, I Am Malala : How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World, was published in 2013.

## Works

* Cut - PUSH, Scholastic (2000) 6.9/10
* My Brother's Keeper - Hyperion Books for Children (2005) 7/10
* Sold - Hyperion Books for Children (2006) - National Book Award Finalist 9/10
* Purple Heart - HarperCollins Publishers (2009) 5/10
* Never Fall Down - (2012) - National Book Award finalist 8/10
* I am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World (2013) 6/10
* The Plot to Kill Hitler: Dietrich Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Spy, Unlikely Hero (2016) 7/10

## Awards, recognition and nominations

In 2002 McCormick's Cut was named one of the ALA Best Books for Young Adults for that year. McCormick won an Editor's Choice Award from Booklist and was a National Book Award Finalist in 2006 for her book Sold.

### 2000

* American Library Association Top Ten Quick Pick 2000
* Children's Literature Council's Choice 2000
* Children's Literature Council's Choice 2000
* Teen People Book-of-the-Month selection 2000
* New York Public Library Best Books for the Teenage 2000

### 2002

* American Library Association Best Book of the Year 2002

### 2004, 2006, 2012

* New York Public Library Best Books for the Teenage

### 2006

* American Library Association, Top Ten List, Best Books of the Year, 2006
* Booklist 2006 Editor's Choice Award
* Book Sense Pick, Winter 2006
* Chicago Public Library Best of the Best List, 2006
* Chicago Tribune Best of the Year, 2006*National Book Award Finalist, 2006
* National Public Radio's Best Books of the Year 2006
* New York Public Library Best Books for the Teenage 2006
* Publishers Weekly, Best 100 Books of 2006

### 2007

* ALA Best Books for Young Adults, 2007
* Booklist Top Ten Women's History Books for Youth, 2007
* Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People, 2007

### 2008

* Gustav-Heinemann Peace Prize 2008

### 2009

* IndieBound Pick, Autumn, 2009
* Publishers Weekly, Best 25 Books of 2009

### 2012

* National Book Award (Young People's Literature), finalist, Never Fall Down
* New York Times Notable
# Isodendrion laurifolium

Isodendrion laurifolium is a rare species of flowering plant in the violet family known by the common names rockcliff isodendrion and aupaka. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from fewer than 1000 individuals on the islands of Kauai and Oahu. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

## Description

This is a shrub growing 1 to 2 meters tall. It produces purple flowers. It has very few branches. The leathery leaves are from 4-16 centimeters long. The flowers are borne along the stems. The five clawed petals are purple with white edges. The fruit is a green capsule. The flowers are bisexual, meaning that they have both male and female flowers. The stipules are glabrous or ciliate. The bottom flower petals are slightly longer than the others.

## Habitat

This shrub only grows in moist and wet forest habitat. As of 2003 there were five occurrences of the plant on Oahu for a total of 22 or 23 individuals in the Waianae and Koolau Mountains. In Kauai there were thirteen occurrences with 142 to 154 plants. Only one population of the plant has more than 50 individuals.
The plants' habitat is threatened by feral ungulates including wild boars. Another threat is competition with non-native plant species.
# Marc Lorenz

Marc Lorenz (born 18 July 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Preußen Münster.
# Dalkhani

Dalkhani (Persian: دالخانی) is a city in, and the capital of, Dalkhani District of Ramsar County, Mazandaran province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Chehel Shahid Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Chalakrud.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the population was 687 in 204 households, when it was the village of Galesh Mahalleh in Chehel Shahid Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 712 people in 237 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 809 people in 278 households.
After the census, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Dalkhani District, and Galesh Mahalleh was elevated to the status of the city of Dalkhani.
# Denis Gruzhevsky

Denis Viktorovich Gruzhevsky (Belarusian: Дзяніс Віктаравіч Гружэўскі; Russian: Денис Викторович Гружевский; born 10 March 2000) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Dinamo Brest.

## Honours

Shakhtyor Soligorsk
* Belarusian Super Cup winner: 2023
# Melicope paniculata

Melicope paniculata, the Lihue melicope, is a rare species of tree in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Like other Hawaiian Melicope, this species is known as alani.

## Description

It is a tree that can grow up to 11 meters or 35 feet tall. Covered in soft, downy hairs that are smooth. The young branches are in a reddish-brown color. The opposite, elliptic leaves are thin and leathery, and can be up to 25 centimeters or 10 inches long. The leaves color is glossy green on the top and paler green on the bottom. Male and female flowers are in a cymose panicles up to 25 centimeters or 10 inches long. The fruit has a anise-scent. The flowers can either be white or green in color. The flowers can bloom anytime in the year, under the correct circumstances.

## Distribution and Habitat

This tree was until recently thought to be extinct. It was rediscovered in 1997. In 2010 there were an estimated 500 individuals remaining and it was added to the endangered species list of the United States. It has a global rank of G1, meaning critically imperiled, and has a local rank in Hawaii of S1, meaning the same thing. It has had a population decline of 10-30%. There is an estimated 100-250 individual plants.
The tree is endemic to the island of Kauai, where it grows in wet forest habitat. It can also grow in bogs.
# Menefee

Menefee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Curt Menefee (born 1965), American sports announcer
* David Menefee, American writer
* Hawkins Menefee (1945–1974), American politician from Texas
* Jock Menefee (1868–1953), American baseball player
* Maynard Menefee (1907–1993), American politician from Iowa
* Richard Menefee (1809–1841), American politician from Kentucky
# Ben Cooper (politician)

Benjamin Cooper (1854 – January 1920) was a British politician and trade unionist.
Cooper was born and grew up in Norwich, where he completed an apprenticeship in cigar-making. He subsequently moved to London, where he became active in the Cigar Makers' Mutual Association.
Cooper was soon elected as general secretary of his union. A supporter of New Unionism, around the start of the 1890s, he helped found unions for workers in bass-dressing, match-making, dock work, confectionery and stick manufacture, as well as a separate union for female cigar makers. At the 1892 London County Council election, he was elected as a Labour and Progressive Party candidate in Bow and Bromley.
Cooper's newfound prominence led to his election to the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress, and he held his seat on the council for many years. He also served on the council of the General Federation of Trade Unions.
Cooper stood as a Liberal-Labour candidate in the 1907 Stepney by-election, but he was easily defeated by Frederick Leverton Harris.
In 1918, Cooper organised the merger of the Cigar Makers' Mutual Association with other small unions, to form the National Cigar and Tobacco Workers' Union. He became the first leader of the new union, but retired shortly afterwards, and died in January 1920.
# Petronas Gallery

Petronas Gallery (Malay: Galeri Petronas) was a contemporary art gallery established in 1993 by the Malaysian multinational company Petronas to promote arts and culture.

## History

Galeri Petronas was established in 1993 at the Dayabumi Complex, the former headquarters of Petronas. Its establishment created a major new venue for the display of visual art in Kuala Lumpur. Through the gallery, Petronas sponsored many art exhibitions showing works of both local and foreign artists.
The gallery was relocated to its present prime location in the Petronas Twin Towers in 1998. The new circular gallery of 2000 sq meters is almost three times the size of the gallery in the Dayabumi Complex.
However, Galeri PETRONAS has ceased to operate as a public gallery as of May 2021 following a realignment of its operating model to adapt to the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the closure of the gallery's public space, artworks from the PETRONAS Art Collection remain available for loan to relevant programmes and initiatives. This is in line with PETRONAS’ long-standing commitment to promote greater understanding and appreciation of the arts in Malaysia.

## Objectives

Galeri Petronas managed and administered the Petronas sponsorship programme for the visual arts. As part of this programme, the corporation provided and maintained the gallery as a venue for Malaysian artists to display their artwork and to undertake activities for their further development. The gallery also hosted foreign exhibitions.
The gallery offered a wide range of art appreciation and educational programmes, in addition to an active programme of exhibitions. Forums and seminars discussing various art issues were organised on a regular basis.

## Design

Robert Gaukroger designed the Gallery located at level 3 of the Petronas Twin Towers as part of a consortium with Pakatan Architects and Equus Design, when Robert was living in Malaysia. The design was a competition entry which was held by Petronas. Robert Gaukroger's design philosophy for the gallery was a simple multifunctional space which was a safe container for the display of art, beautifully detailed, although not competing with the works on display. influences of Carlo Scarpa are present in some of the detailing including the reception desk (a single piece of black granite) and a sculptural wall of glass and concrete in the reception area.
In addition to a total art display space of 1135.92 m$^2$, the gallery was also equipped with two multimedia spaces each measuring 30.1 m$^2$, three dry workshops each measuring 46 m$^2$, and a lecture room measuring 40.97 m$^2$. These multi-purpose spaces were used for art demonstrations, forums, classes and lectures, performances and other art activities.
Woods Bagot provided detail design and site regulation services for the premiere art gallery facilities. The 2 207.38 m$^2$ fitout incorporated mobile walling system and flexible lighting, retail shops, workshop studio and electronic library.
# St. Aloysius Evening College (Mangalore)

St. Aloysius Evening College (Mangalore) (SAEC) was opened by the Society of Jesus in 1966 in affiliation with the University of Mysore.

## History

In 1966, Mangalore, Karnataka, was a growing city, with increasing need for workers. St. Aloysius College was given permission by the University of Mysore to start an evening college providing courses in the faculties of Arts and Commerce, at the pre-university level. This allowed those who were short of funds to finish their education while working.
In 2011 the College had been reaccredited by NAAC with a B grade and in 2013 it initiated the Masters in Commerce (M.Com.).
It currently offers also the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Business Management (B.B.M.), and Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.), as well as a Diploma in Investment Management (DIM) and a Certificate Course in Photography (CCP).