OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1975 DFB-Pokal final

The 1975 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1974–75 DFB-Pokal, the 32nd season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 21 June 1975 at the Niedersachsenstadion in Hanover. Eintracht Frankfurt won the match 1–0 against MSV Duisburg, to claim their 2nd cup title.

## Route to the final

The DFB-Pokal began with 128 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of six rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a penalty shoot-out was used to determine the winner.
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
| Eintracht Frankfurt | Eintracht Frankfurt | Round | MSV Duisburg | MSV Duisburg |
| Opponent | Result | 1974–75 DFB-Pokal | Opponent | Result |
| Arminia Bielefeld (A) | 3–1 | Round 1 | Blumenthaler SV (A) | 3–1 |
| Union Solingen (A) | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Round 2 | 1. FC Nürnberg (H) | 3–0 |
| 1. FC Mülheim (A) | 3–0 | Round 3 | Bayern Munich (A) | 3–2 |
| VfL Bochum (H) | 1–0 | Round of 16 | Altonaer FC von 1893 (H) | 7–0 |
| Fortuna Köln (H) | 4–2 | Quarter-finals | Werder Bremen (A) | 2–0 |
| Rot-Weiss Essen (H) | 3–1 (a.e.t.) | Semi-finals | Borussia Dortmund (H) | 2–1 (a.e.t.) |

## Match
### Details

| Eintracht Frankfurt | MSV Duisburg |
| GK | 1 | Günther Wienhold |
| RB | 2 | Peter Reichel |
| CB | 4 | Charly Körbel |
| CB | 3 | Gert Trinklein |
| LB | 5 | Willi Neuberger |
| RM | 7 | Klaus Beverungen |
| CM | 6 | Roland Weidle |
| CM | 9 | Jürgen Grabowski (c) |
| LM | 10 | Bernd Nickel |
| CF | 8 | Bernd Hölzenbein |
| CF | 11 | Bernd Lorenz |
| Manager: ||
| Dietrich Weise ||
| GK | 1 | Dietmar Linders |
| RB | 2 | Werner Schneider |
| CB | 4 | Detlef Pirsig (c) |
| CB | 5 | Michael Bella |
| LB | 3 | Bernard Dietz |
| RM | 8 | Bernd Lehmann | 69' |
| CM | 6 | Klaus Bruckmann | 77' |
| CM | 9 | Ronald Worm |
| LM | 10 | Theo Bücker |
| CF | 7 | Rudolf Seliger |
| CF | 11 | Klaus Thies |
| Substitutes: ||
| DF | 12 | Kees Bregman | 77' |
| MF | 14 | Walter Krause | 69' |
| Manager: ||
| Willibert Kremer ||
* Match rules
* 90 minutes.
* 30 minutes of extra time if necessary.
* Replay if scores still level.
* Maximum of two substitutions.
# Aceglutamide

Aceglutamide (brand name Neuramina), or aceglutamide aluminium (brand name Glumal), also known as acetylglutamine, is a psychostimulant, nootropic, and antiulcer agent that is marketed in Spain and Japan. It is an acetylated form of the amino acid L-glutamine, the precursor of glutamate in the body and brain. Aceglutamide functions as a prodrug to glutamine with improved potency and stability.
Aceglutamide is used as a psychostimulant and nootropic, while aceglutamide aluminium is used in the treatment of ulcers. Aceglutamide can also be used as a liquid-stable source of glutamine to prevent damage from protein energy malnutrition. The drug has shown neuroprotective effects in an animal model of cerebral ischemia.
# Banwari Lal Verma

B L Verma, also known as B. L. Verma, is an Indian politician and current Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India.

## Political career

Verma started off as a party worker from Badaun. He holds the charge of state vice-president since 2018. He is a prominent leader among the OBC Lodhi community in western UP. Verma is a former president of the Braj region. He is considered as a close-aide former CM Kalyan Singh.
He also holds the post of chairman of UP State Construction Development Corporation Limited (UP Samaj Kalyan Nirman Nigam) which has the same status as of a Minister of State.
# Connecticut Route 110

Route 110 is a state highway in Connecticut running for 15.95 miles (25.67 km) from Interstate 95 (I-95) in Stratford to Route 111 in Monroe.
In Shelton, Route 110 is designated the Veterans Memorial Highway.

## Route description

Route 110 begins at an intersection with US 1 in Stratford and heads north along the west bank of the Housatonic River, intersecting Route 15 before continuing into Shelton. In Shelton, it continues north along the Housatonic River, intersecting Route 8, then turns northwest through the center of town and west to Monroe. In Monroe, Route 110 continues west to end at an intersection with Route 111.

## History

The road from Monroe to Shelton was designated as State Highway 173 in 1922. South of Shelton, most of the route following the west bank of the Housatonic River to Stratford was part of the original alignment of New England Route 8. The East Main Street portion in Stratford was Route 8A. Route 110 was commissioned in 1935, originally running from Route 111 in Monroe to Route 8 in Shelton. In 1952, Route 8 was moved west and the former section of Route 8, including the current Route 113, was reassigned to Route 110. Former Route 8A was renumbered to SR 708. In 1963, the section south of the current intersection with Route 113 was reassigned to Route 113 and the southernmost part of Route 110 was designated at its current route on East Main Street (former SR 708).

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Fairfield County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Stratford | 0.00 | 0.00 | I-95 / US 1 / Route 130 west – Stratford, Bridgeport, Airport, Devon, Milford | Southern terminus; roundabout; eastern terminus of Route 130; exit 33 on I-95 |
| Stratford | 1.30 | 2.09 | Route 113 south (Main Street) | Northern terminus of Route 113 |
| Stratford | 3.35 | 5.39 | Route 15 / Merritt Parkway – New Haven, New York City | Exit 53 on Merritt Parkway |
| Shelton | 8.80 | 14.16 | Route 8 north – Waterbury | Exit 12A on Route 8 |
| Shelton | 9.17 | 14.76 | Route 108 south to Route 8 south – Huntington | Northern terminus of Route 108; access to Route 8 via SR 714 |
| Shelton | 9.23 | 14.85 | Derby–Shelton Bridge (SR 712 east) to Route 34 – Derby | |
| Monroe | 15.95 | 25.67 | Route 111 – Long Hill, Monroe | Northern terminus; roundabout |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Jhor Moreno

Jhor Esneider Moreno Torres (born 2 October 1995) is a Colombian weightlifter. He won the bronze medal in the men's 96 kg event at the 2022 World Weightlifting Championships held in Bogotá, Colombia. He also won the bronze medal in the men's 77 kg event at the 2015 Pan American Games held in Toronto, Canada. He is also a two-time gold medalist at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships (2021 and 2022).

## Career

Moreno won the silver medal in his event at the 2017 Pan American Weightlifting Championships held in Miami, United States. In that same year, he competed in the men's 85 kg event at the World Weightlifting Championships held in Anaheim, California, United States. Moreno won the bronze medal in the Snatch in the men's 89 kg event at the 2018 World Weightlifting Championships held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
Moreno won the gold medal in his event at the 2021 Pan American Weightlifting Championships held in Guayaquil, Ecuador. A month later, he competed in the men's 89 kg event at the 2021 World Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Moreno won the gold medal in the men's 96 kg Snatch event at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia. He also won the silver medal in the men's 96 kg Clean & Jerk event. He won the gold medal in the men's 102 kg event at the 2022 Pan American Weightlifting Championships held in Bogotá, Colombia.

## Achievements

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Representing Colombia |||||||||||||
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2017 | Anaheim, United States | 85 kg | 152 | 156 | 156 | 10 | 190 | 190 | 190 | — | — | — |
| 2018 | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 89 kg | 160 | 165 | 168 | | 195 | 195 | 200 | 13 | 363 | 8 |
| 2021 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 89 kg | 157 | 162 | 162 | 9 | 195 | 200 | — | 11 | 357 | 9 |
| 2022 | Bogotá, Colombia | 96 kg | 165 | 171 | 174 | | 200 | 205 | 209 | | 380 | |
| 2023 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 96 kg | 165 | 170 | 173 | 6 | 201 | 205 | 205 | 10 | 371 | 8 |
| Pan American Games |||||||||||||
| 2015 | Toronto, Canada | 77 kg | 142 | 146 | 150 | — | 178 | 182 | 193 | — | 328 | |
| Pan American Championships |||||||||||||
| 2017 | Miami, United States | 85 kg | 153 | 157 | 160 | | 192 | 196 | 200 | | 360 | |
| 2021 | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 89 kg | 157 | 161 | 165 | | 190 | 197 | 201 | | 362 | |
| 2022 | Bogotá, Colombia | 102 kg | 165 | 165 | 168 | | 196 | 200 | 202 | | 370 | |
| Central American and Caribbean Games |||||||||||||
| 2023 | San Salvador, El Salvador | 96 kg | 165 | 170 | 171 | | 200 | 206 | — | | — | — |
| Bolivarian Games |||||||||||||
| 2022 | Valledupar, Colombia | 96 kg | 165 | 170 | 170 | | 195 | 202 | 207 | | — | — |
# Cycling at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's team sprint

The men's team sprint event at the 2022 Asian Games was held on 26 September 2023.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 26 September 2023 | 10:21 | Qualifying |
| Tuesday, 26 September 2023 | 15:12 | First round |
| Tuesday, 26 September 2023 | 16:22 | Finals |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Netherlands | 41.225 | Berlin, Germany | 26 February 2020 |
| Asian Record | Japan | 42.742 | Jakarta, Indonesia | 24 February 2023 |
| Games Record | Japan | 43.899 | Jakarta, Indonesia | 30 August 2018 |

## Results
### Legend

* DNF — Did not finish

### Qualifying

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| 1 | China (CHN) Guo Shuai Xue Chenxi Liu Qi | 43.715 | GR |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) Yoshitaku Nagasako Kaiya Ota Shinji Nakano | 43.954 | |
| 3 | Malaysia (MAS) Umar Hasbullah Ridwan Sahrom Fadhil Zonis | 44.801 | |
| 4 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) Yang Sheng-kai Kang Shih-feng Hsiao Shih-hsin | 44.864 | |
| 5 | Hong Kong (HKG) Mok Tsz Chun To Cheuk Hei Yung Tsun Ho | 45.134 | |
| 6 | South Korea (KOR) Kim Dong-ha Kang Seo-jun Oh Je-seok | 45.241 | |
| 7 | India (IND) Rojit Singh Yanglem Esow Alben Ronaldo Laitonjam | 45.394 | |
| 8 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) Kirill Kurdidi Dmitriy Rezanov Sergey Ponomaryov | 45.509 | |
| 9 | Thailand (THA) Wachirawit Saenkhamwong Jai Angsuthasawit Jaturong Niwanti | 46.139 | |

### First round
#### Heat 1

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) Yang Sheng-kai Kang Shih-feng Hsiao Shih-hsin | 44.631 | |
| 2 | Hong Kong (HKG) Mok Tsz Chun To Cheuk Hei Yung Tsun Ho | 44.796 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Malaysia (MAS) Umar Hasbullah Ridwan Sahrom Fadhil Zonis | 44.929 | |
| 2 | South Korea (KOR) Kim Dong-ha Kang Seo-jun Choi Woo-rim | DNF | |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) Yoshitaku Nagasako Kaiya Ota Yuta Obara | 43.330 | GR |
| 2 | India (IND) Rojit Singh Yanglem David Beckham Ronaldo Laitonjam | 44.609 | |

#### Heat 4

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| 1 | China (CHN) Guo Shuai Zhou Yu Xue Chenxi | 43.211 | GR |
| 2 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) Kirill Kurdidi Dmitriy Rezanov Sergey Ponomaryov | 44.817 | |

#### Summary

| Rank | Team | Time |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 43.211 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 43.330 |
| 3 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 44.631 |
| 4 | Malaysia (MAS) | 44.929 |

### Finals
#### Bronze

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| | Malaysia (MAS) Umar Hasbullah Ridwan Sahrom Fadhil Zonis | 44.165 | |
| 4 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) Yang Sheng-kai Kang Shih-feng Hsiao Shih-hsin | 44.276 | |

#### Gold

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| | Japan (JPN) Yoshitaku Nagasako Kaiya Ota Yuta Obara | 42.934 | GR |
| | China (CHN) Guo Shuai Zhou Yu Liu Qi | 42.968 | |
# Zafarmurod Abdurakhmatov

Zafarmurod Bahrom o'g'li Abdurakhmatov (born 28 April 2003) is an Uzbekistani footballer who plays for Nasaf and Uzbekistan national football team.

## Career

Zafarmurod Abdurakhmatov was born on 28 April 2003 in Qamashi district of Kashkadarya region.
Zafarmurod Abdurakhmatov is a pupil of Nasaf football academy. Until the 2021 season, Zafarmurod Abdurakhmatov worked in the Nasaf U18 team. From 1 January 2021, Nasaf moved to the U21 team.

### Team

Zafarmurod Abdurakhmatov played in several age group teams of Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan U19, Uzbekistan U20 and Uzbekistan U23 from Jumala. Under Timur Kapadze, he will make his debut in Uzbekistan U19 team on September 8, 2022, in a friendly match against Argentina U20 team. He will make his debut in Uzbekistan U20 team under Ravshan Haydarov on February 14, 2023, in a friendly match against Tajikistan U20 team. In the 2023 U-20 Asian Cup held in Uzbekistan, the U20 team of Uzbekistan became the Asian champion.

## Career Statistics
### International

Abdurakhmatov made his debut for the Uzbekistan main team on 18 January 2024 in a 2023 AFC Asian Cup match against India.
Uzbekistan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2024 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 0 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 23 January.
# Laylo Shodieva

Laylo Shodieva (Uzbek: Laylo Shodiyeva; born 26 March 2000) is an Uzbekistani footballer who plays as a defender for Women's Championship club Sevinch and the Uzbekistan women's national team.

## International career

Shodieva capped for Uzbekistan at senior level during the 2018 CAFA Women's Championship and the 2019 Hope Cup.
# AM-2-19

AM-2-19 is an experimental antifungal drug based on amphotericin B (AmB) that is engineered to be less toxic to the kidneys.
Amphotericin B is a polyene that targets fungal ergosterol as well as human cholesterol, which results in kidney damage. AM-2-19 (also known as SF001) instead is selective to fungal ergosterol and also draws out fungal ergosterol more effectively. The investigational new drug (IND) application was filed in May 2023. SF001 received Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) for invasive aspergillosis and Fast Track designations from the FDA in 2023. It is now under phase I trial. An oral formulation is currently in the feasibility phase.
# Adam Kotsko

Adam Kotsko (born 1980) is an American theologian, religious scholar, culture critic, and translator, working in the field of political theology. He served as an Assistant Professor of Humanities at Shimer College in Chicago, which was absorbed into North Central College in 2017. He writes about philosophers Slavoj Žižek and Giorgio Agamben, as well as American pop culture.

## Early life and education

Adam Kotsko was born on July 19, 1980, in Flint, Michigan, and grew up in nearby Davison.
Kotsko earned his Bachelor of Arts degree at Olivet Nazarene University in Bourbonnais, Illinois, in 2002. From there, he went on to the Chicago Theological Seminary (CTS), where he completed a Master of Arts degree in religious studies in 2005, with a thesis in the form of a translation and commentary on Jacques Derrida's essay "Literature in Secret: An Impossible Filiation".
Kotsko completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree in theology, ethics, and culture at CTS in 2009. His doctoral dissertation was titled Atonement and Ontology. A modified version of his dissertation was published by Continuum International Publishing Group in 2010 under the title of The Politics of Redemption: The Social Logic of Salvation.

## Career

After completing his doctorate in 2009, Kotsko taught for two years at Kalamazoo College, a liberal arts college in Michigan. In 2011, Kotsko was hired by Shimer College, a small great-books college in Chicago.
Kotsko has written on the philosopher Slavoj Žižek, including a 2008 book titled Žižek and Theology and a 2012 article in the Los Angeles Review of Books. His other works include The Politics of Redemption: The Social Logic of Salvation and a translation of Giorgio Agamben's The Sacrament of Language: An Archaeology of the Oath.
# Kenya Wicks

Kenya Wicks is an American politician serving as senator for Georgia's 34th Senate district.

## Life

Wicks was raised in Louisville, Kentucky. She enlisted into the United States Army, rising to the rank of sergeant first class. In 2008, she commissioned through Officer Candidate School and earned a B.S. in environmental science from University of Alabama in 2010. She retired after thirty years as a major.
During the 2024 Georgia State Senate election, Wicks defeated Valencia Seay during a runoff in the Democratic primary election. She won against Republican Andrew E. Honeycutt in the general election.
Wicks has three children. She is a volunteer Court Appointed Special Advocate.
# José Luis Calvo

José Luis Calvo (born 28 March 1942) is a Spanish former sports shooter. He competed at the 1960, 1968, 1972 and the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Christian Mayrleb

Christian Mayrleb (born 8 June 1972) is an Austrian retired professional footballer who is employed as the manager of Austrian side ASKÖ Donau Linz.

## Club career

Born in Wels, Upper Austria, Mayrleb started his professional career at Second Division side Stahl Linz and SV Ried before joining Austrian Bundesliga outfit Admira/Wacker at the start of the 1994–95 season. He then played for FC Tirol Innsbruck where he was snapped up by English Premier League club Sheffield Wednesday, only to return to Austria after half a season on the subs' bench.
He moved to Vienna club Austria Vienna for a prolific four years before moving on to play for SV Pasching, Red Bull Salzburg and ending up in Linz again with LASK Linz.
In November 2006 Mayrleb failed a drug test but was cleared by a League disciplinary panel because no evidence was found he was taking performance-enhancing drugs.

## International career

Mayrleb made his debut for the Austria national team in an August 1998 friendly match against France and came on as a substitute in his first six matches for the national team. He scored his first goal two months after his debut game. He earned 29 caps, scoring six goals. His last international was a September 2005 World Cup qualification match against Azerbaijan.

## Honours

Individual
* Austrian Bundesliga top scorer: 2004–05
# Connecticut Route 114

Route 114 is a Connecticut state highway in the western suburbs of New Haven, running from Orange to Woodbridge. Other than at its junction with Route 63, it is signed north and south.

## Route description

Route 114 begins as Racebrook Road at an intersection with US 1 in Orange and heads north. It intersects with Route 34 in northern Orange 2.3 miles (3.7 km) from the south end and continues northward into the town of Woodbridge. In Woodbridge, it passes over the Wilbur Cross Parkway without a junction, then intersects with Route 243 1.1 miles (1.8 km) later and with Route 313 another 1.4 miles (2.3 km) after that. As Route 114 approaches Woodbridge center, it shifts to Center Road making a sharp right turn then crossing the Wepawaug River. Route 114 continues east for another 1.6 miles (2.6 km) before ending at an intersection with Route 63.

## History

Route 114 was established as part of the 1932 state highway renumbering. It originally ran in a "C" pattern within the town of Woodbridge, connecting at both ends with Route 63 (then Route 67) and serving Woodbridge center. The original route used modern Route 114 from its north end until the intersection with Route 243. Then it proceeded east along Route 243 (Ansonia Road/Fountain Street) until it met Route 63 again in the Westville neighborhood of New Haven. In 1951, the southern segment of Route 114 was relocated and extended south to its current terminus at Route 1 using former SR 442. The old alignment became an unsigned state-maintained road (part of reconfigured SR 552).

## Junction list

The entire route is in New Haven County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Orange | 0.00 | 0.00 | US 1 – New Haven, Milford | Southern terminus |
| Orange | 2.34 | 3.77 | Route 34 – New Haven, Derby | |
| Woodbridge | 4.43 | 7.13 | Route 243 – Ansonia, Westville | |
| Woodbridge | 5.83 | 9.38 | Route 313 – Seymour, New Haven | |
| Woodbridge | 7.92 | 12.75 | Route 63 – Bethany, New Haven | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Canton of Matha

The canton of Matha is an administrative division of the Charente-Maritime department, western France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Matha.
It consists of the following communes:
* Antezant-la-Chapelle
* Asnières-la-Giraud
* Aulnay
* Bagnizeau
* Ballans
* Bazauges
* Beauvais-sur-Matha
* Blanzac-lès-Matha
* Blanzay-sur-Boutonne
* Bresdon
* Brie-sous-Matha
* La Brousse
* Cherbonnières
* Chives
* Coivert
* Contré
* Courcelles
* Courcerac
* Cressé
* Dampierre-sur-Boutonne
* Les Éduts
* Les Églises-d'Argenteuil
* Fontaine-Chalendray
* Fontenet
* Gibourne
* Le Gicq
* Gourvillette
* Haimps
* Loiré-sur-Nie
* Louzignac
* Macqueville
* Massac
* Matha
* Mons
* Néré
* Neuvicq-le-Château
* Paillé
* Poursay-Garnaud
* Prignac
* Rives-de-Boutonne
* Romazières
* Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap
* Saint-Mandé-sur-Brédoire
* Saint-Martial
* Saint-Martin-de-Juillers
* Saint-Ouen-la-Thène
* Saint-Pardoult
* Saint-Pierre-de-Juillers
* Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle
* Saint-Séverin-sur-Boutonne
* Saleignes
* Seigné
* Siecq
* Sonnac
* Thors
* Les Touches-de-Périgny
* Varaize
* Vervant
* La Villedieu
* Villemorin
* Villiers-Couture
* Vinax
# Martin Lowry

Thomas Martin Lowry CBE FRS (/ˈlaʊri/; 26 October 1874 – 2 November 1936) was an English physical chemist who developed the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory simultaneously with and independently of Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and was a founder-member and president (1928–1930) of the Faraday Society.

## Biography

Lowry was born in Low Moor, Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, in a Cornish family. He was the second son of the Reverend E. P. Lowry who was the minister of the Wesleyan Church in Aldershot from 1892 to 1919. He was educated at Kingswood School, Bath, Somerset, and then at the Central Technical College in South Kensington. During those years he realized that he wanted to be a chemist. He studied chemistry under Henry Edward Armstrong, an English chemist whose interests were primarily in organic chemistry but also included the nature of ions in aqueous solutions. From 1896 to 1913 Lowry was assistant to Armstrong, and between 1904 and 1913 worked as lecturer in chemistry at the Westminster Training College. In 1913, he was appointed head of the chemical department in Guy’s Hospital Medical and became the first teacher of chemistry in a Medical School to be made a University Professor, at the University of London. From 1920 till his death, Lowry served as the Chair of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. He married a daughter of the Rev. C. Wood in 1904 and was survived by his widow, two sons and a daughter.
Since the establishment of the Faraday Society in 1903, Lowry had been its active member and served as its president between 1928 and 1930. In 1914 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. During and after the World War I, Lowry acted as director of shell-filling (1917–1919) and worked for the Trench Warfare Committee, Chemical Warfare Committee and Ordnance Committee. For this service, he was awarded the Order of the British Empire and the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.

## Research

In 1898, Lowry noted the change in optical rotation on nitro-d-camphor with time and invented the term mutarotational to describe this phenomenon. He studied changes in optical rotation caused by acid- and base-catalyzed reactions of camphor derivatives. This led in 1923 to his formulation of the protonic definition of acids and bases, now known as Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, independently of the work by Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted. Lowry published a few hundred papers and several books. His 1935 monograph on "Optical Rotatory Power" (1935) has long been regarded as a standard work on the subject.