# Davao Oriental

Davao Oriental (Cebuano: Sidlakang Dabaw; Filipino: Silangang Davao), officially the Province of Davao Oriental (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Sidlakang Dabaw, Lalawigan sa Davao Oriental; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Silangang Davao, Lalawigan ng Davao Oriental), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Mati which is the most populous, and it borders the province of Davao de Oro to the west, and Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur to the north. The province is the traditional homeland of the Mandaya and Kalagan/Kaagan.
Davao Oriental is the easternmost province in the country with Pusan Point in the municipality of Caraga as the easternmost location. The Philippine Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean, faces Davao Oriental to the east. Part of the province lies on an unnamed peninsula that encloses Davao Gulf to the west.
The province is the top producer of coconut and copra in the country, earning the province the title Coconut Capital of the Philippines. It is also home to Mount Hamiguitan Wildlife Sanctuary, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Etymology

The name of the province was derived from the word, Dabaw, of which the center was west of the province.

## History
### Early history

The present territory of Davao Oriental was covered by the historical region of Caraga, which was partly under the Sultanate of Maguindanao.

### Spanish colonial era

The Spaniards established a permanent settlement in the region in 1591, and in 1844, the area was ceded by the Sultanate to Spain. An expedition was sent by the colonial government in Manila in 1847 to control the region, led by the Spaniard Jose Oyanguren, who settled in the town of Davao and organized the surrounding areas into the province of Nueva Guipozcoa in 1849. The province existed until 1858, when the politico-military commandancias of Davao and Bislig were created in its place. Bislig was incorporated into the District of Davao two years later.

### American colonial era

In 1903, the colonial American government created the Moro Province comprising several districts, one of which was Davao. The Moro province was converted in 1914 into the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, and its component districts were made into independent provinces.

### Japanese occupation

In 1942, the territory of what is now Davao Oriental was occupied by the Japanese Imperial forces.
In 1945, the Battle of Davao began with the combined forces of the British, Australian, Dutch and the Filipino troops of the 6th, 101st, 102nd, 103rd, 104th, 106th, 107th and 110th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 10th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary being supported by Davaoeño guerrilla fighter units in attacking Japanese Imperial forces during the liberation in Eastern Davao or Eastern Davao Campaign until the end of the Second World War.

### Philippine independence
#### Foundation

On May 8, 1967, through Republic Act No. 4867, the province of Davao was divided into three independent provinces, one of which was Davao Oriental.

### Contemporary

The capital town of Mati became a component city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9408 which sought to convert the municipality into a city. The law was ratified on June 16, 2007. However, the cityhood status was lost twice in the years 2008 and 2010 after the LCP questioned the validity of the cityhood law. The cityhood status was reaffirmed after the court finalized its ruling on February 15, 2011 which declared the cityhood law constitutional.

## Geography

Davao Oriental covers a total area of 5,679.64 square kilometres (2,192.92 sq mi) occupying the eastern tip of the Davao Region in Mindanao. The province is bordered by Davao de Oro to the west, Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur to the north, Davao Gulf to the southwest, and the Philippine Sea to the east and southeast.
The Eastern Pacific Cordillera mountain range encompasses the province. To the east of the range lie narrow strips of coastal areas, which feature several inlets and bays. The province encloses Davao Gulf to the southwest.

### Climate

Davao Oriental has a pronounced rainy season and a short dry season, with maximum rainfall occurring from November to January especially at coastal areas.
Climate data for Davao Oriental :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.8 (89.2) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.7 (89.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.3 (75.8) |
| Average rainy days | 15 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 167 |
| Source: Storm247 ||||||||||||||

### Administrative divisions

Davao Oriental comprises 10 municipalities and 1 city, all organized into 2 legislative districts. There are 183 barangays in the province.
| City or municipality | City or municipality | District | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | Area | Area | Density | Density | Barangay | Coordinates |
| | | | (2020) | (2020) | (2015) | | km$^2$ | sq mi | /km$^2$ | /sq mi | | |
| Baganga | Baganga | 1st | 10.2% | 58,714 | 56,241 | +0.82% | 945.50 | 365.06 | 62 | 160 | 18 | 7°34′27″N 126°33′40″E﻿ / ﻿7.5741°N 126.5612°E﻿ / 7.5741; 126.5612﻿ (Baganga) |
| Banaybanay | Banaybanay | 2nd | 7.7% | 44,451 | 41,117 | +1.50% | 408.52 | 157.73 | 110 | 280 | 14 | 6°57′38″N 126°00′26″E﻿ / ﻿6.9605°N 126.0073°E﻿ / 6.9605; 126.0073﻿ (Banaybanay) |
| Boston | Boston | 1st | 2.5% | 14,618 | 13,535 | +1.48% | 357.03 | 137.85 | 41 | 110 | 8 | 7°52′08″N 126°22′24″E﻿ / ﻿7.8689°N 126.3733°E﻿ / 7.8689; 126.3733﻿ (Boston) |
| Caraga | Caraga | 1st | 6.9% | 39,704 | 40,379 | −0.32% | 642.70 | 248.15 | 62 | 160 | 17 | 7°19′53″N 126°33′52″E﻿ / ﻿7.3314°N 126.5645°E﻿ / 7.3314; 126.5645﻿ (Caraga) |
| Cateel | Cateel | 1st | 7.7% | 44,207 | 40,704 | +1.58% | 545.56 | 210.64 | 81 | 210 | 16 | 7°47′23″N 126°27′09″E﻿ / ﻿7.7897°N 126.4525°E﻿ / 7.7897; 126.4525﻿ (Cateel) |
| Governor Generoso | Governor Generoso | 2nd | 10.4% | 59,891 | 55,109 | +1.60% | 365.75 | 141.22 | 160 | 410 | 20 | 6°39′30″N 126°04′47″E﻿ / ﻿6.6584°N 126.0798°E﻿ / 6.6584; 126.0798﻿ (Governor Generoso) |
| Lupon | Lupon | 2nd | 11.6% | 66,979 | 65,785 | +0.34% | 886.39 | 342.24 | 76 | 200 | 21 | 6°54′10″N 126°00′54″E﻿ / ﻿6.9027°N 126.0150°E﻿ / 6.9027; 126.0150﻿ (Lupon) |
| Manay | Manay | 1st | 6.9% | 39,572 | 42,690 | −1.43% | 418.36 | 161.53 | 95 | 250 | 17 | 7°12′50″N 126°32′21″E﻿ / ﻿7.2140°N 126.5393°E﻿ / 7.2140; 126.5393﻿ (Manay) |
| Mati | † | 2nd | 25.6% | 147,547 | 141,141 | +0.85% | 588.63 | 227.27 | 250 | 650 | 26 | 6°57′41″N 126°12′53″E﻿ / ﻿6.9614°N 126.2147°E﻿ / 6.9614; 126.2147﻿ (Mati) |
| San Isidro | San Isidro | 2nd | 5.8% | 33,664 | 36,032 | −1.29% | 220.44 | 85.11 | 150 | 390 | 16 | 6°50′07″N 126°05′22″E﻿ / ﻿6.8352°N 126.0895°E﻿ / 6.8352; 126.0895﻿ (San Isidro) |
| Tarragona | Tarragona | 1st | 4.7% | 26,996 | 26,225 | +0.55% | 300.76 | 116.12 | 90 | 230 | 10 | 7°02′58″N 126°26′56″E﻿ / ﻿7.0495°N 126.4490°E﻿ / 7.0495; 126.4490﻿ (Tarragona) |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 576,343 | 558,958 | +0.58% | 5,679.64 | 2,192.92 | 100 | 260 | 183 | (see GeoGroup box) |
| $^^$ Coordinates mark the city/town center, and are sortable by latitude. |||||||||||||

## Demographics

The population of Davao Oriental in the 2020 census was 576,343 people, with a density of 100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 260 inhabitants per square mile.
The province is mostly inhabited by Cebuanos, who settled the province in the early 20th century from Visayas. Other ethnic groups include the Mandayas, Mansakas, Manobos and the Kalagan.
While the native languages spoken in the province are Kalagan, Mandaya, and Davaoeño. Cebuano is the dominant first language. Chavacano is spoken by a minority, while Tagalog and English are widely used in business, education, and government. Bikol Central is also spoken in parts of Mati
Even some of the natives adhere to Christian faith (mostly Catholics), they are syncretic in some of their beliefs. Muslim Kagans traditionally inhabited the plains and coastal areas of the Municipalities of Banaybanay, Lupon, San Isidro, Governor Generoso, Mati and Tarragona.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Davao Oriental
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2006 50.50
* 2009 54.41
* 2012 45.79
* 2015 31.11
* 2018 37.66
* 2021 21.80
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Davao Oriental is the top coconut and copra (dried coconut meat) producer in the Philippines. It also is a major producer of abacá, and exports crude oil and copra pellets.
On March 20, 2018, Davao Oriental signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Pionaire Finance Limited, a Hong Kong-based foreign firm for a $27-billion industrial park.