# Foreign relations of Monaco

The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.
Although not a member of the European Union (EU), Monaco is closely associated with the economic apparatus of the EU through its customs union with France and its reliance upon the euro as its official currency.
Monaco actively participates in the United Nations, which it joined in 1993. Monaco joined the Council of Europe on October 4, 2004. Monaco also is a member of many international and intergovernmental organizations, including Interpol, the UNESCO, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is headquartered in Monaco.
The foreign relations are managed by the Department of External Relations.

## Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Monaco maintains diplomatic relations with:
Date :
| 1 | France | 29 April 1873 |
| 2 | Italy | 25 April 1875 |
| – | Holy See | 21 June 1875 |
| 3 | Spain | 2 June 1876 |
| 4 | Belgium | 2 October 1931 |
| 5 | Luxembourg | 18 December 1947 |
| 6 | Germany | 16 October 1951 |
| 7 | Switzerland | 27 May 1959 |
| 8 | Netherlands | 29 August 1966 |
| 9 | China | 16 January 1995 |
| 10 | Liechtenstein | 16 February 1996 |
| 11 | El Salvador | 14 December 2000 |
| 12 | Colombia | 15 December 2000 |
| 13 | Maldives | 19 March 2001 |
| 14 | Ecuador | 5 April 2001 |
| 15 | Uruguay | 10 April 2001 |
| 16 | Thailand | 26 June 2006 |
| 17 | Andorra | 7 July 2006 |
| 18 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 27 July 2006 |
| 19 | Slovenia | 28 November 2006 |
| 20 | Israel | 30 November 2006 |
| 21 | United States | 7 December 2006 |
| 22 | Ireland | 14 December 2006 |
| 23 | Japan | 14 December 2006 |
| 24 | Philippines | 15 December 2006 |
| 25 | Qatar | 26 December 2006 |
| 26 | Algeria | 31 January 2007 |
| 27 | San Marino | 26 March 2007 |
| 28 | Argentina | 29 March 2007 |
| 29 | Finland | 29 March 2007 |
| 30 | Australia | 3 May 2007 |
| 31 | Malaysia | 22 May 2007 |
| 32 | Egypt | 31 May 2007 |
| 33 | Russia | 31 May 2007 |
| 34 | South Korea | 14 June 2007 |
| 35 | Malta | 11 July 2007 |
| 36 | Serbia | 12 July 2007 |
| 37 | Austria | 17 July 2007 |
| 38 | Ukraine | 26 July 2007 |
| 39 | Montenegro | 7 September 2007 |
| 40 | India | 21 September 2007 |
| 41 | United Kingdom | 21 September 2007 |
| 42 | Poland | 27 September 2007 |
| – | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 18 October 2007 |
| 43 | Guatemala | 2 November 2007 |
| 44 | Vietnam | 29 November 2007 |
| 45 | Croatia | 6 December 2007 |
| 46 | Slovakia | 13 December 2007 |
| 47 | Cuba | 19 December 2007 |
| 48 | Azerbaijan | 19 December 2007 |
| 49 | Chile | 23 January 2008 |
| 50 | Mongolia | 6 February 2008 |
| 51 | Estonia | 7 February 2008 |
| 52 | Georgia | 7 February 2008 |
| 53 | Dominican Republic | 12 February 2008 |
| 54 | Morocco | 12 February 2008 |
| 55 | Bulgaria | 14 February 2008 |
| 56 | Canada | 13 March 2008 |
| 57 | Romania | 19 March 2008 |
| 58 | Mexico | 21 March 2008 |
| 59 | Jamaica | 4 April 2008 |
| 60 | Seychelles | 15 April 2008 |
| 61 | Greece | 15 May 2008 |
| 62 | Czech Republic | 4 July 2008 |
| 63 | Lesotho | 15 July 2008 |
| 64 | Turkey | 16 September 2008 |
| 65 | Armenia | 15 October 2008 |
| 66 | Latvia | 15 October 2008 |
| 67 | Portugal | 13 November 2008 |
| 68 | Kazakhstan | 15 January 2009 |
| 69 | Sweden | 30 January 2009 |
| 70 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 12 February 2009 |
| 71 | Pakistan | 24 February 2009 |
| 72 | Dominica | 27 February 2009 |
| 73 | Venezuela | 27 May 2009 |
| 74 | Equatorial Guinea | 16 June 2009 |
| 75 | Senegal | 23 June 2009 |
| 76 | United Arab Emirates | 9 October 2009 |
| 77 | Timor-Leste | 19 February 2010 |
| 78 | Brazil | 14 April 2010 |
| 79 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 21 April 2010 |
| 80 | Samoa | 4 May 2010 |
| 81 | Afghanistan | 13 October 2010 |
| 82 | Peru | 13 October 2010 |
| 83 | Norway | 16 November 2010 |
| 84 | Indonesia | 17 December 2010 |
| 85 | South Africa | 19 January 2011 |
| 86 | Cyprus | 23 February 2011 |
| 87 | Botswana | 24 February 2011 |
| 88 | Honduras | 25 February 2011 |
| 89 | Panama | 2 March 2011 |
| 90 | Gabon | 28 March 2011 |
| 91 | Lithuania | 11 April 2011 |
| 92 | Saint Lucia | 12 May 2011 |
| 93 | Denmark | 16 June 2011 |
| 94 | Brunei | 22 June 2011 |
| 95 | Moldova | 8 September 2011 |
| 96 | Mauritania | 9 September 2011 |
| 97 | Palau | 26 October 2011 |
| 98 | Albania | 24 November 2011 |
| 99 | Djibouti | 1 December 2011 |
| 100 | Mali | 26 January 2012 |
| 101 | Solomon Islands | 6 March 2012 |
| 102 | Nepal | 26 March 2012 |
| 103 | Iran | 10 May 2012 |
| 104 | Tuvalu | 29 May 2012 |
| 105 | Paraguay | 14 June 2012 |
| 106 | Nigeria | 6 July 2012 |
| 107 | Malawi | 31 July 2012 |
| – | Kosovo | 24 August 2012 |
| 108 | Oman | 20 February 2013 |
| 109 | Bahrain | 23 September 2013 |
| 110 | Fiji | 13 November 2013 |
| 111 | Uzbekistan | 29 November 2013 |
| 112 | Republic of the Congo | 27 February 2014 |
| 113 | Rwanda | 10 April 2014 |
| 114 | Sudan | 10 April 2014 |
| 115 | Iceland | 5 May 2014 |
| 116 | Kiribati | 20 June 2014 |
| 117 | Angola | 31 July 2014 |
| 118 | Burkina Faso | 19 September 2014 |
| 119 | Burundi | 31 October 2014 |
| 120 | Turkmenistan | 27 August 2015 |
| 121 | Marshall Islands | 29 September 2015 |
| 122 | Costa Rica | 22 October 2015 |
| 123 | New Zealand | 22 October 2015 |
| 124 | Laos | 27 November 2015 |
| 125 | Togo | 9 February 2016 |
| 126 | Ivory Coast | 11 February 2016 |
| 127 | Belarus | 15 April 2016 |
| 128 | Hungary | 2 May 2016 |
| 129 | Sri Lanka | 26 July 2016 |
| 130 | Tajikistan | 13 January 2017 |
| 131 | Kyrgyzstan | 9 March 2017 |
| 132 | Cabo Verde | 10 August 2017 |
| 133 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 5 July 2018 |
| 134 | Kuwait | 19 July 2018 |
| 135 | Vanuatu | 10 September 2018 |
| 136 | Tunisia | 19 September 2018 |
| 137 | Barbados | 5 December 2018 |
| 138 | Lebanon | 22 January 2019 |
| 139 | Antigua and Barbuda | 28 February 2019 |
| 140 | Benin | 8 March 2019 |
| 141 | Cambodia | 11 July 2019 |
| 142 | Nicaragua | 4 September 2019 |
| 143 | Namibia | 12 September 2019 |
| 144 | Ghana | 29 September 2019 |
| 145 | North Macedonia | 29 September 2019 |
| 146 | Niger | 9 October 2019 |
| 147 | Grenada | 13 October 2020 |
| 148 | Ethiopia | 20 October 2020 |
| 149 | Madagascar | 11 December 2020 |
| 150 | Jordan | 29 April 2021 |
| 151 | Guinea-Bissau | 17 May 2022 |
| 152 | Mozambique | 20 October 2022 |
| 153 | Saudi Arabia | 2 March 2023 |
| 154 | Bangladesh | 13 June 2023 |
| 155 | Bahamas | 17 April 2024 |
| 156 | Nauru | 21 May 2024 |
| 157 | Bolivia | 26 July 2024 |

## Americas

| Country | Formal relations began on | Notes |
| Canada | 13 March 2008 | Canada is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains honorary consulates in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. |
| Chile | 23 January 2008 | Chile is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Santiago and in Valparaíso. |
| Colombia | 15 December 2000 | Colombia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Bogotá. |
| Mexico | 21 March 2008 | Main article: Mexico–Monaco relations Mexico is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Mexico City. |
| United States | 7 December 2006 | See Monaco–United States relations The United States and Monaco enjoy excellent relations. From 1956 until her death in 1982, the American-born Grace Kelly was married to Prince Rainier III, Prince Albert's father. The United States does not yet have a diplomatic mission located in Monaco but there is an embassy in Paris, and a consulate general in Marseille. In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations. Shortly thereafter, Craig Stapleton (ambassador to France) was accredited to Monaco, and ambassador Gilles Noghes became the first Monegasque ambassador to the United States. On December 3, 2013, Maguy Maccario Doylee replaced Noghes as the Principality's new emissary to Washington, DC, following her appointment by Prince Albert II of Monaco. Ambassador Maccario Doyle is the first woman to hold the post at the embassy. She previously served as Consul General of Monaco in New York since 1997 and head of the Principality's Tourism Board in North America since the early 1990s. Monaco has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulate-general in New York City. The United States is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris. |

## Asia

| Country | Formal relations began in | Notes |
| India | 21 September 2007 | Main article: India–Monaco relations India is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France. |
| Indonesia | 17 December 2010 | Main article: Indonesia–Monaco relations Due to the resemblance of the colors red and white on their flags, the Monégasque government asked Indonesia to modify its flag during the International Hydrographic Congress on 29 April 1952. Indonesia has a non-resident embassy in Paris. Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Jakarta. |
| Israel | 30 November 2006 | Main article: Israel–Monaco relations Israel is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and has an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Ramat Gan. |
| Pakistan | 24 January 2009 | Pakistan is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and an honorary consulate was inaugurated in 2012 in Monaco. Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Karachi. |
| South Korea | 14 June 2007 | Diplomatic relations between South Korea and Monaco were established in June 2007. Monaco has an honorary consulate in Seoul. South Korea is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris. |
| Turkey | 16 September 2008 | Main article: Monaco–Turkey relations Monaco has an honorary consulate in Istanbul. Turkey is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and has an honorary consulate in Monaco. |

## Europe

| Country | Formal relations began on | Notes |
| European Union | | Main article: Monaco–European Union relations Monaco participates in a number of European Union policies through its interaction with France. Monaco is in the EU's customs and VAT area, is a de facto member of the Schengen Area due to its open border with France and uses the euro as its sole currency. |
| France | 29 April 1873 | Main article: France–Monaco relations Formal relations were established in 1918. France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963. In 2002, Monaco renegotiated its 1918 treaty with France. In 2005, it was ratified by both parties and entered into force. The terms of the treaty upgrade France's representation in Monaco from Consulate General to that of an embassy; permit, for the first time, other countries to accredit ambassadors to Monaco; and formally recognize the succession scheme set out in the 1962 Constitution, which extends eligibility to the Prince's daughters and other family members. France has an embassy in Monte Carlo. Monaco has an embassy in Paris. |
| Holy See | 21 June 1875 | It is part of Monaco's generally accepted cultural and political history that Monaco and the Holy See have maintained a diplomatic friendship bound by the Catholic faith since the founding of the Principality. Article 9 of the Monegasque Constitution, dated 17 December 1962, and modified in 2002, establishes the Catholic religion as the official religion of the sovereign state, which is a Catholic constitutional monarchy ruled by the Catholic Grimaldi dynasty. According to the Annuario Pontificio, the official yearbook of the Holy See, Monaco has maintained a diplomatic representative to the Holy See with the rank of minister plenipotentiary since 1915. In 1982, following the July 1981 signing of a new convention between Monaco and the Holy See reaffirming the close Catholic friendship and diplomatic relations which exists between the Catholic Principality and the Holy See, the rank of Monaco's diplomatic legation was elevated from that of a ministerial rank diplomatic legation to that of an embassy, with Cesar Charles Solamito, being elevated from the rank of minister plenipotentiary to ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in June 1982. Ambassador Solamito served as Monaco's first ambassador to the Holy See until 1997. In 1999, the position of ambassador of Monaco to the Holy See was assumed by Monegasque ambassador Jean Claude Michel. With respect to the Holy See, the Holy See has only maintained a diplomatic legation in Monaco since 2006. The appointment of a papal diplomatic representative to the Principality was subsequent to the revision of Monaco's treaty with France which was revised in 2002 and ratified in 2005. This revised treaty granted the Principality the sovereign prerogative of establishing formal diplomatic relations with other sovereign states at the highest diplomatic level, that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary—for the Holy See this means at the nunzorial level, i.e., that of an apostolic nunciature headed by an apostolic nuncio (apostolic nuncios normally hold the ecclesiastical rank of archbishop). The first, apostolic nuncio to represent the Holy See to Monaco, with residence and coterminous accreditation to the EU in Brussels, is Archbishop Andre Dupuy. Archbishop Dupuy presented his credentials to HSH Prince Albert II on 26 September 2006. The Holy See is accredited to Monaco from its apostolic nunciature in Paris. Monaco has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome. |
| Italy | 25 April 1875 | See Italy–Monaco relations Italy has an embassy in Monte Carlo. Monaco has an embassy in Rome. |
| Kosovo | 19 March 2008 | Formal relations were established on 19 March 2008. Kosovo is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris. Monaco does not have an accreditation to Kosovo. |
| Norway | 16 November 2010 | Norway is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. Monaco maintains an honorary consulate in Oslo. |
| Russia | 31 May 2007 | Main article: Monaco–Russia relations Monaco and Russia had bilateral relations since 1858, when Russia and Monaco signed treaties and agreements of extradition of criminals, of mutual legal assistance, on recognition of civil status of natural persons and of medical aid. However diplomatic relations were suspended in 1917. Diplomatic relations were re-established in April 2002. Monaco is accredited to Russia from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs based in Monaco and maintains honorary consulates in Moscow, Rostov-on-Don and in Saint Petersburg. Russia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. |
| Serbia | 12 July 2007 | Both countries have established diplomatic relations in November 2007. Monaco does not have an accreditation to Serbia. Serbia is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. |
| Spain | 2 June 1876 | Main article: Monaco–Spain relations Monaco has an embassy in Madrid. Spain is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France. |
| Ukraine | 26 July 2007 | Both countries have established diplomatic relations 26 July 2007. Monaco does not have an accreditation to Ukraine. Ukraine is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco. |
| United Kingdom | 21 September 2007 | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom Monaco established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 2007. Monaco maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is not accredited to Monaco through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Paris, France. Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. |