# Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp

The Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp (Dutch: Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen; KMSKA) is a museum in Antwerp, Belgium, founded in 1810, that houses a collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries. This collection is representative of the artistic production and the taste of art enthusiasts in Antwerp, Belgium and the Northern and Southern Netherlands since the 15th century.
The neoclassical building housing the collection is one of the primary landmarks of the Zuid district of Antwerp. The majestic building was designed by Jean-Jacques Winders (1849–1936) and Frans Van Dijk (1853–1939), built beginning in 1884, opened in 1890, and completed in 1894. Sculpture on the building includes two bronze figures of Pheme with horse-drawn chariots by sculptor Thomas Vincotte, and seven rondel medallions of artists that include Boetius à Bolswert, Frans Floris, Jan van Eyck, Peter Paul Rubens, Quentin Matsys, Erasmus Quellinus II, and Appelmans, separated by four monumental sculptures representing Architecture, Painting, Sculpture, and Graphics.
The building stands in gardens bounded by the Leopold de Waalplaats, the Schildersstraat, the Plaatsnijdersstraat, and the Beeldhouwersstraat, formerly the site of the Antwerp Citadel.

## History

The museum's collection began with the artworks owned by the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke, which was active from the late 14th century to 1773. When the guild disbanded, its gallery of paintings went to the Academy of Fine Arts, which had been founded in 1663 with the involvement of David Teniers. The gallery had works by Peter Paul Rubens, Jacob Jordaens, and Cornelis de Vos. During French occupations in 1794 and 1796, art was looted from churches and other buildings in Antwerp; the pieces that were later recovered became part of the museum's collection. By 1817 the museum listed 127 items in its catalogue, mostly dating to the mid-16th and 17th centuries, with Rubens at the heart of the collection.
William I of the Netherlands helped the museum in various ways. In 1823 he donated three paintings, including an early work by Titian—Pope Alexander IV presents Jacopo Pesaro to Saint Peter—which became the museum's first foreign piece. He decreed a grant of 20,000 guilders to build the collection's contemporary art in 1827, but the Belgian Revolution interfered. Only in 1873 did the museum begin to acquire living artists' works.
A significant bequest from a former mayor of Antwerp, Florent van Ertborn, added 141 works to the collection in 1840. Van Ertborn had collected Early Netherlandish art at a time when it was out of favour, but in the long run this addition ensured the museum's reputation. These works included Jan van Eyck's Saint Barbara and Madonna at the Fountain and Rogier van der Weyden's Portrait of Philip de Croy (half of a diptych) and the Seven Sacraments Altarpiece. Also in the bequest were paintings by Hans Memling, Dieric Bouts, Joachim Patinir, Quinten Massys, Jean Fouquet, Simone Martini, Antonello da Messina, and Lucas Cranach.
The museum closed to the public for major renovations at the end of 2011, reopening on 24 September 2022 after 11 years of work. The museum has been expanded with a new hall for modern art.

## Collections

Artists exhibited in the museum include:
* 15th century
** Jan van Eyck
** Jean Fouquet
** Rogier van der Weyden
** Hans Memling
* 16th century:
** Frans Floris de Vriendt
** Quinten Metsijs
** Joachim Patinir
** Marten de Vos
** Gillis Coignet
* 17th century:
** Erasmus de Bie
** Jan Brueghel the Elder
** Anthony van Dyck
** Frans Hals
** Jacob Jordaens
** Theodoor Rombouts
** Peter Paul Rubens
* 19th century:
** James Ensor
** Auguste Rodin
** Henry van de Velde
** Fernand Khnopff
** Alexandre Cabanel, Cleopatra Testing Poisons on Condemned Prisoners
* 20th century:
** Pierre Alechinsky
** René Magritte
** Jacob Smits
** Gustave Van de Woestijne
** Rik Wouters

## Collection highlights

* Saint Barbara of Nicomedia by Jan van Eyck. 1437
* Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels by Jean Fouquet. c. 1454
* Portrait of Philippe I de Croÿ by Rogier van der Weyden. 1460
* God the Father with Singing and Music-making Angels by Hans Memling. c. 1483
* Biddende Maria by Quentin Matsys. c. 1505
* Jacopo Pesaro, bishop of Paphos, being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter by Titian. 1503 - 1510
* Landscape with the Flight into Egypt by Joachim Patinir. c. 1515
* Rest on the Flight into Egypt by Gerard David. 16th century
* Portrait of a Man by Maarten van Heemskerck. 16th century
* Caritas (Lucas Cranach the Elder) by Lucas Cranach the Elder. c. 1537
* The Judgement of Solomon by Frans Floris. c. 1547
* The Fall of the Rebel Angels by Frans Floris. 1554
* Venus Frigida by Peter Paul Rubens. 1611
* The Prodigal Son by Peter Paul Rubens. 1618
* Adoration of the Magi by Peter Paul Rubens. c. 1626
* The Lamentation over the dead Christ by Anthony van Dyck. c. 1635
* The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius by Rembrandt. 1637
* The Old Folks Sing, The Young Folks Pipe by Jacob Jordaens. 1638
* Two Girls as Saint Agnes and Saint Dorothea by Michaelina Wautier. c. 1650
* Portrait of Stephan Geraedts, Husband of Isabella Coymans by Frans Hals. 1650-1652
* The Rider's Halting Place by Philips Wouwerman. 17th century
* Portrait of a Seated Woman by Nicolaes Maes. 1676
* Self portrait by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. c. 1864
* The Intrigue by James Ensor. 1890
* The Parisian Sphinx by Alfred Stevens. 1875–1877
* The Man in the Chair by Henri de Braekeleer. 1875
* The Rooftops of Ostend by James Ensor. 1884
* Peasant Woman Digging Up Potatoes by Vincent van Gogh. 1885
* Maria Sèthe, Afterwards Madame Henry Vande Velde by Théo van Rysselberghe. c. 1891
* Ironing by Rik Wouters. 1912
* Sitting Nude by Amedeo Modigliani. 1917