OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Folkestone Downs

The Folkestone Downs are an area of chalk downland above Folkestone, where the eastern end of the North Downs escarpment meets the English Channel. Part of the Downs is the Folkestone to Etchinghill Escarpment Site of Special Scientific Interest, designated for its geological and biological interest.

## Topography

Folkestone Downs stretch for 5 kilometres from East Cliff and Warren Country Park in the east to Peene Quarry in the west. The downs rise steeply above the town of Folkestone to heights in excess of 150 metres. The highest point is Dover Hill at 170 metres. The Channel Tunnel Terminal lies at the foot of the downs and the British portal is directly below the slopes of Castle Hill. The downland is classified as CG4 Brachypodium pinnatum and CG5 Bromus erectus - Brachypodium pinnatum calcareous grassland with smaller areas of CG2 Festuca ovina - Avenula pratensis grassland. There are also areas of scrubland and woodland.

## Ecology
### Flora

Folkestone Downs is one of the largest areas of unimproved chalk downland in Kent. The extensive flora includes many typical species found in chalk grassland including horseshoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa), squinancywort (Asperula cynanchica) and small scabious, as well as scarce species such as bedstraw broomrape (Orobanche caryophyllacea). Many species of orchid grow on the downs notably the nationally rare late spider orchid (Ophrys fuciflora), as well as the nationally scarce early spider orchid (Ophrys sphegodes) and man orchid (Aceras anthropophorum). The nationally scarce burnt orchid (Neotinea ustulata) has also been recorded in the past. Folkestone Downs is also notable for its extensive lichen flora.

### Fauna

The scrub and woodland provide breeding habitats for many species of birds. Folkestone Downs is particularly notable for its insect fauna. Up to 32 species of butterfly have been recorded on the downs including the Adonis blue (Lysandra bellargus), chalkhill blue (Polyommatus coridon) and small blue (Cupido minimus). Several rare species of moth have been recorded including the straw belle (Aspitates gilvaria) and the annulet moth (Charissa obscurata).

## Ownership, management and access

Much of Folkestone Downs is owned by Eurotunnel and managed by the White Cliffs Countryside Project. Grazing was abandoned after the Second World War resulting in an invasion of coarse grasses and scrub. This resulted in a reduction of the grassland flora, particularly after the rabbit population was reduced by myxamatosis in the 1950s. Cattle grazing was resumed in 1990. Much of the downland is designated as open access land following the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.
# Another Taste

Another Taste is the second studio album by R&B band A Taste of Honey, released in 1979 on Capitol Records. The album peaked at No. 26 on the US Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.

## Singles

"Do It Good" peaked at No. 13 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Alex Henderson of AllMusic favourably noted "Inevitably, many groups will suffer from the dreaded sophomore curse — they'll impress you with a promising debut album, only to disappoint you with an inferior second album. But Taste of Honey didn't let its audience down on its generally impressive sophomore effort, Another Taste...to their credit, Janice Marie Johnson and Hazel Payne don't try to turn any of the dance numbers into a remake of "Boogie Oogie Oogie"; in fact, they deserve high marks for making this album as unpredictable as it is."
# Would I

"Would I" is a song written by Mark Winchester and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in September 1996 as the second single from the album Full Circle. The song reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Marc Kalbfeld and premiered in 1996.

## Chart performance

"Would I" debuted at number 67 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of October 5, 1996.
| Chart (1996–1997) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 18 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 25 |
# Elizabeth Sugrue

Elizabeth "Liz" Sugrue (Irish: Éilis Uí Shiochrú; c. 1740/1750 – 1807), also known as Lady Betty, was an Irish executioner. A minor historical character, she remains a well-known figure in popular culture.

## Life

Born around 1750, Sugrue was left destitute after the death of her farmer husband. Evicted from her home, she set off with her two children on the long walk to the town of Roscommon. On the way, her younger child died of starvation and exposure, leaving only the elder, Pádraig.
According to William Wilde (1815–1876), who collected stories about her from locals, Elizabeth had a "violent temper" and Pádraig often threatened to leave home. Elizabeth begged him to stay, but in April 1775, following particularly harsh treatment, he departed; some sources claim he enlisted in the British Army, others he emigrated to British North America and joined the Continental Army.
After the departure of her son, Elizabeth became a recluse, taking in lodgers for a few pennies a night. She heard less and less from her son as time passed, and became increasingly bitter.
Supposedly, a man came to stay at her house in 1789 and she murdered him with the intention of stealing his possessions. On searching his possessions, she discovered that he was in fact her long-lost son. She is said to have lost her mind with despair. Her crime was discovered and she was arrested, convicted and sentenced to death. She was held in the gaol in the market square in Roscommon town.
On the day her death sentence was due to be executed, twenty-five others were also due to be hanged, including sheep and cattle thieves and ‘Whiteboys’, young men who tore down fences and hedges surrounding what had once been common land. On the day of her hanging, the hangman was ill. Betty volunteered to hang all of the others in exchange for her life being spared, allegedly after three others refused. She lived in the prison thereafter, carrying out executions and floggings, including a number of rebels executed during the 1798 Rebellion. She was known to draw portraits of the men and women she hanged on the wall of her lodgings with charcoal.
She was not the first hangwoman in Ireland, however; an unidentified woman hanged two men for murder on 13 November 1782 at Kilmainham. The men were also quartered. The sheriff received abuse for making a hangman of a woman.
In 1802, her own sentence was commuted, in recognition of her service to "the safety of the public".
Elizabeth died in 1807 and was buried in an unmarked grave inside the walls of Roscommon Gaol. The account held in the National Folklore Collection claims she was murdered by a prisoner.

## Popular culture

In 1884, an article on her written by Charlotte O'Conor Eccles appeared in the Weekly Irish Times. She is the centrepiece of a narrative poem by Áine Miller, titled "Betty Sugrue - Hangwoman; The Woman From Hell", and the main character in Declan Donnellan's 1989 play Lady Betty.
In 2021, a short animated film Lady Betty was produced by Irish production company Whackala. It was directed by Paul McGrath and starred Colm Meaney and David Pearse.
# Sak Yamamoto

Sakae "Sak" Yamamoto (Japanese: 山本 栄, January 17, 1914 – June 28, 1997) was an American politician who served as the first Asian-American mayor of Carson, California.

## Biography

Yamamoto was born on January 17, 1914, in Washington. During World War II, as a Japanese-American, he was interned along with his wife at the Tulare Race Tracks in Tulare, California. After the war, he moved to Addison, Illinois where he was elected to the DuPage County Board of Education. In 1954, he and his family move to Carson, California. He became politically active after he was forced to sell his house for a new school. In 1960, he served on the board of the Dominguez-Carson Fact Finding Committee which determined to incorporate the area as a city. After six prior attempts, on February 6, 1968, a successful vote was made to incorporate and Yamamoto was elected to a two-year term on the City Council along with John A. Marbut, who was named first mayor, John L. Junk, mayor pro tem, Gilbert D. Smith, and H. Rick Clark. He lost his seat in the 1970 election but was re-elected to the City Council in 1972 where he served until 1979. During that period, he was selected as mayor in 1973, 1977, 1978. In February 1979, he helped to secure a new Bridgestone distribution facility in the city. In May 1979, a group denominated Carsonites Organized for Good Government filed a recall petition against Yamamoto and fellow councilman John Marbut for poor leadership, putting the interests of business ahead of the people, and for awarding a new five-year garbage contract to other than the low bidder while also prematurely ending debate. The recall petition was successful. Their political ally, then-mayor Kay Callas, was not recalled although she voted for the contract, she did not support ending debate. Yamamoto was replaced by Sylvia L. Muise and Marbut was replaced by Thomas G. Mills, both were leaders of the recall effort. He filed for re-election to the City Council in 1982 but did not win finishing fourth.

## Personal life

He was married to Greta Yamamoto; they had four children: Glen, Karen, Brenda, and Janice. He died on June 28, 1997, and was buried at Green Hills Memorial Park.
He had a cameo appearance as mayor in the 1974 film Gone in 60 Seconds.
# Maine State Route 99

State Route 99 (SR 99) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in York County. It runs 8.7 miles (14.0 km) from an intersection with SR 109 in Sanford to Kennebunk, where it meets SR 9A and U.S. Route 1 (US 1). SR 99 is signed as an east–west route.

## Route description

SR 99 begins in the west at SR 109 in the southeastern corner of Sanford. The highway crosses into Kennebunk and runs east into town along the Mousam River. SR 99 passes over the Maine Turnpike (Interstate 95) without an interchange before intersecting SR 9A. SR 99 is cosigned with SR 9A into downtown for before the two routes meet US 1. SR 99 ends at this intersection while SR 9A joins up with US 1 north. SR 35 crosses US 1 less than 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km) from this intersection.
The route is also known as Cat Mousam Road (in Kennebunk), Webber Hill Road, and Kennebunk Road (in Sanford). Route 99 also passes by Lloid G. Nedeau Memorial Park.

## History

SR 99 has always had its administrative terminus at US 1 in Kennebunk, but its signed eastern terminus was historically located at its intersection with SR 9A west of downtown. Signage from US 1 for SR 9A read "To SR 99." Signage has since been updated, and SR 99 is now cosigned with SR 9A between the two historic termini.

## Major junctions

The entire route is in York County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Sanford | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 109 (Main Street) to SR 4 / SR 4A – Sanford, Wells | |
| Kennebunk | 8.39 | 13.50 | SR 9A west (High Street) – Wells, North Berwick | Western terminus of SR 9A/SR 99 concurrency |
| Kennebunk | 8.69 | 13.99 | US 1 / SR 9A east (Main Street/York Street) to SR 35 – Wells, Kennebunkport, Biddeford | Eastern terminus of SR 9A/SR 99 concurrency |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||
# Mehnga Singh Babbar

Mehnga Singh Babbar or Kulwant Singh (1957, in Jagadhri – 1984, in Operation Blue Star) was one of the first members and founders of Babbar Khalsa and supporter of Khalistan Movement. He also commanded a number of Sikhs during the first day of Operation Blue Star.

## Early life

Mehnga Singh or Kulwant Singh was born in Jagadhri, Yamunanagar, from Sikh parents. His father's name was Sardar Partap Singh. After passing ninth grade, he entered to ITI and started a course. After the April 1978 massacre, Mehnga Singh started going to Akhand Kirtani Jatha programmes. In 1979, Mehnga Singh baptised Sikh, by drinking Amrit. He held his first attack to Nirankaris in Jagadhri, when some of them held a meeting. He with some companions attacked them and the most of Nirankaris run away. He was charged in Murdery case and he was arrested, but he was later released. After that, he left his hometown and came in Amritsar, to Amarjit Kaur, wife of Fauja Singh, who was killed in action in the massacre of 1978.

## Babbar Khalsa activities

In September 1979, he attended a camp where he learned Sikh philosophy and weaponry. There he met Sukhdev Singh Babbar, Kulwant Singh Nagoke, Sulakhan Singh, Balwinder Singh, Vadhava Singh, Anokh Singh Babbar, Manmohan Singh Babbar and others. Together they started the Babbar Khalsa, to take revenge from Nirankaris and others. From then, they started finding from town and cities the anti-Sikhs, and then they killed them. After that, the government started to find who was doing these actions, so the members of Babbar Khalsa started to hiding from the police.

## Operation Blue Star and death

On 27–30 April 1984, from the warning of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale all the companions started to make bunkers in Golden Temple complex. Mehnga Singh along with about 40 men built a big bunker in Baba Atal of heavy machine guns, semi-automatic rifles and Talwar. On 1 June 1984, the first day of the Operation Blue Star, armed forces of CRPF and Border Security Force (BSF) attacked the bunker at 12 pm. He and the 40 of his men fought in the bunker until when a sniper shot Mehnga Singh three times in the forehead and killed him along with 8 others. The others ran to other bunkers, when the first bunker fell down. It is alleged by his followers that when a man asked him how he was, he answered "Chardi Kala!". He was cremated close to Manji Sahib, near the Golden Temple.
# Robert de Sorbon

Robert de Sorbon (French:; 9 October 1201 – 15 August 1274) was a French theologian, the chaplain of Louis IX of France, and founder of the Sorbonne college in Paris.

## Biography

Born into a poor family in Sorbon, in what is now the Ardennes département, Robert de Sorbon entered the Church and was educated in Reims and Paris. He was noted for his piety and attracted the patronage of the Comte d'Artois and King Louis IX of France, later known as Saint Louis. He became the canon of Cambrai around 1251 before being appointed canon of Paris and the king's confessor in 1258.
Sorbon began to teach around 1253 and in 1257 established the Maison de Sorbonne, a college in Paris originally intended to teach theology to twenty poor students. It was sponsored by King Louis and received the endorsement of Pope Alexander IV in 1259. He was assisted by Peter of Limoges. It subsequently grew into a major centre of learning and became the core of what would become the University of Paris. Sorbon served as chancellor of the university, taught and preached there from 1258 until his death.
He died in Paris in 1274.
The library at the University of Reims, which opened in 2006, is named after Robert de Sorbon.
# The 24th

The 24th is an American historical drama film co-written and directed by Kevin Willmott. The film stars Trai Byers, Bashir Salahuddin, Aja Naomi King, Mo McRae, Tosin Morohunfola, Mykelti Williamson, and Thomas Haden Church. It generally tells a story of the Houston riot of 1917.

## Plot

The 24th is based on the true story of the Houston riot of 1917. The film features an African American (A.K.A. Buffalo Soldiers) military unit, the 24th Infantry Regiment in Houston, Texas. Despite their military service, the African American soldiers are subjected to racial discrimination by the all-white police force in Houston as well as from the local white people in Houston. The constant racial discrimination leads to a riot and seizure of military weapons by the African American military unit against the local population, resulting in the deaths of 11 civilians and 5 policemen. The riot and resulting violence ended with multiple soldiers from the 24th being arrested and ultimately executed for mutiny.

## Cast

* Trai Byers as Cpl. William Boston
* Aja Naomi King as Marie
* Bashir Salahuddin as Big Joe
* Mo McRae as Walker
* Tosin Morohunfola as Franklin
* Mykelti Williamson as 1Sgt. Hayes
* Thomas Haden Church as Lt. Col. Norton
* Tanya Chisholm as Alice
* Christopher W. Norris as Military Defense Attorney
* Michael Rose as Carter Hammond

## Release

The film was scheduled to premiere at the 2020 South by Southwest festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was released digitally and through video on demand on August 21, 2020, by Vertical Entertainment.

### Critical response

The 24th received generally positive reviews from critics. As of October 2021, 79% of the 28 reviews compiled on Rotten Tomatoes are positive, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The 24th might have told its fact-based story more fully, but despite its flaws, it remains an overall compelling -- and woefully overdue -- reckoning with history."
# Heroes and Friends

"Heroes and Friends" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was written with Don Schlitz. It was released in January 1991 as the second and final single from his album of duets, Heroes & Friends and his only song on the album that was not a duet. The song opens and closes the album. "Heroes and Friends" peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and reached number 1 (his fourteenth number 1) on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

## Background and writing

Travis recalled the beginnings of the song on his website: "Lib (Travis' Wife and manager Elizabeth "Lib" Hatcher) came up with that title for the duets album, and I thought it would make a wonderful song title. I was sitting backstage in Scotland one night and for some reason or other I thought of a way to write the song. I started the first verse and wrote a few lines before I had to quit to do the show. I stuck it in my pocket and actually forgot about it until I got back to Nashville and Don Schlitz and I sat down and finished it."

## Content

This song sets the theme for the rest of the album. The narrator says that the two things that one can depend on forever are heroes and friends. A reprise of the song closes the album with the chorus being sung by everyone who sang on the album with Travis.
Two different versions were released for radio airplay. One version has just one refrain (after the second verse), with the background vocalists -- some of the legends that joined him throughout the album -- subdued in the background. The longer radio edit repeats the refrain twice following the second voice, with the legends chorus more prominent; a longer fiddle coda is played as well, whereas on the shorter radio edit the song fades almost immediately after the final refrain ends.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Mark Coppos and premiered in late 1990.
The music video features Travis singing the song in a recording studio, as well as old footage of Roy Rogers and Dale Evans from their television series and movies. Roy Rogers himself makes an appearance near the end of the video.

## Chart performance

This song spent two consecutive weeks at number 1 on the RPM country Tracks chart beginning April 20, 1991.
| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 1 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1991) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 10 |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 30 |
# Nuestra Señora de los Remedios Parish

Nuestra Señora de los Remedios Parish is a Roman Catholic parish church situated in Solar, Olutanga Island, Zamboanga Sibugay, Mindanao, Philippines. The parish has 32 chapels; some of these are located in Muslim dominated areas.
Nuestra Señora de los Remedios Parish began as a Jesuit mission in 1950 when Fr. Raimundo Argarate, SJ, came to the island and established basic ecclesiastical communities. The statue of the patroness of the parish was donated by the Miranda family.
In 2005, the pastoral care of the Nuestra Señora de los Remedios was turned over to the Divine Word Missionaries or the SVD. Fr. Roger Alasan, SVD, became its first SVD parish priest.

## Sources

* Witness to the Word, Logos Publications, 2009.
* NSDR 50th Anniversary, n. p., 2003.
* This article about a Roman Catholic church building in the Philippines is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# John Ross (British Army officer, died 1843)

Lieutenant-General John Ross CB (died 17 May 1843) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.

## Military career

Ross got his first commission on 2 June 1793, as an ensign in the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot on 8 May 1796, and captain in the same regiment on 11 January 1800. Ross took part, with his regiment, in the Ferrol Expedition later that year. He became a major in the regiment on 15 August 1804.
On 28 January 1808, Ross purchased a lieutenant-colonelcy in the 91st Regiment of Foot, but exchanged back into the 52nd on 18 February 1808. He went to the Peninsular War with the 2/52nd, which he commanded at Vimiero, where he was mentioned in despatches. He continued to command the 2nd Battalion through Sir John Moore's campaign that winter, and five companies of the regiment in the Walcheren Campaign. Ross subsequently returned to the Peninsula to command the 1/52nd, with whom he fought at Pombal, Redinha, Casal Novo, Foz d'Arunce, Sabugal, and Fuentes de Oñoro, during Masséna's retreat from Portugal in the spring of 1811.
On 20 August 1811, Ross was appointed deputy adjutant-general to the Forces in Ceylon. He served there until June 1814, when he returned to Europe for reasons of health. He was promoted colonel in the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot on 4 June 1814. He was made a Companion of the Bath in June 1815. After serving as Deputy Adjutant-General in Ireland from 1815 to 1818, Ross was made Commandant of the Depot on the Isle of Wight in 1819, and went on half-pay in 1820. On 27 May 1825, he was promoted major-general. Ross was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey in 1828 and retired from that post in 1837. The next year, on 28 June 1838, he was promoted lieutenant general. He became Colonel of the 46th Regiment of Foot on 1 August 1839 and died on 17 May 1843 in Southampton.
He is not to be confused with Major-General Sir John Ross, KCB, of the 95th Regiment and Cape Corps, who died in 1835.
# Fokker V.8

Fokker V.8 was a five-winged aircraft built by Fokker for the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I.
After the initial success of the Fokker Dr.I triplane, Anthony Fokker proposed a quintuplane, reasoning that if three wings were good, five would be even better. Reinhold Platz, chief engineer for Fokker, was at first shocked by the idea: further thought only strengthened this reaction. Nevertheless, the aircraft was built. Using some parts of the V.6, Platz designed a machine with three wings at the extreme front of the aircraft and a pair of wings midway along the fuselage, the mid-fuselage biplane wings placed where their leading edges were virtually even with the aft end of the cockpit coaming. Balanced control surfaces were fitted to the upper wings, those at the front acting as conventional ailerons and those in the rear working with the elevators.
The pilot was seated just ahead of the biplane wings. Like the V.6, it was powered by a 120 hp (90 kW) water-cooled Mercedes engine. Fokker, who was his own test pilot, made two brief flights in October 1917, after which it was abandoned. The Fokker V.8 was powered by a 119 kW (160 hp) Mercedes engine.
Platz regarded the aircraft as such a monstrosity that later on he would only speak of it reluctantly, and disliked its design being attributed to him.