OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 4seven

4seven (commonly stylised as 4$_7$) is a British free-to-air television channel which was launched on 4 July 2012 at 7.00 pm. According to Channel 4, it was created in response to its viewers demanding Channel 4 to broadcast old programming from the network. Its programming focuses on Channel 4's top rated programmes.
4seven launched with 20 hours of content in the schedule per day. In the 8.00 pm and 10.00 pm slots the channel broadcasts a repeat of shows from the previous day that have created a critical buzz in newspapers, chatter on social media through Twitter and Facebook and reaction on the overnight log of comments kept by the broadcaster. The 11.00 pm slot is used to repeat the programme shown on Channel 4 at 9.00 pm, which air again on 4seven at 9.00 pm the following day. The rest of the programmes on 4seven are repeats of the most popular ones of the last several days. Weekends are devoted to multiple repeats of the best-rated and/or highest viewed programmes of the past seven days on Channel 4.

## History

The service was originally reported under the working title of 'Project Shuffle', though it was announced on 8 March 2012, that the name would be '4seven'. The channel was originally set to launch by June 2012, however it was subsequently reported to be launching later in the summer. On 22 May 2012, it was confirmed that 4seven would launch on 4 July 2012.
The channel launched across all major TV platforms in the UK, with agreements in place for carriage on Freeview, Freesat, Sky, and Virgin TV. The channel indirectly replaced the temporary More4 +2 on Sky. While on Freeview, a placeholder for 4seven appeared on channel 47 in post-digital switchover areas on 2nd of April 2012.
A high-definition simulcast, 4seven HD, launched on the 1st of July 2014 on Freeview, channel 111. 4seven HD was added to Virgin Media in November 2016. It closed on 22 June 2020 on Freeview to help make room on COM7 following the closure of COM8. 4seven HD is currently exclusive to Virgin Media, Sky Glass, and the Channel 4 app (for TVs).
On 4 November 2020, the channel moved to channel 48 on Freeview as part of a move up where every channel from channel 24 to 54 on the platform moved up one place to allow BBC Four to move to channel 24 in Scotland due to new Ofcom rules regarding certain PSB channels requiring greater prominence on EPGs. This is because the BBC Scotland channel is on channel 9 in Scotland, whilst BBC4 is on channel 9 in the rest of the UK.

## Former logos

* 4seven first logo used from 2012 to 2018
# Chrysomus

Chrysomus is a genus of bird in the family Icteridae.

## Species

Established by William Swainson in 1837, it contains the following species:
Genus Chrysomus – Swainson, 1837 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Yellow-hooded blackbird Male Female | Chrysomus icterocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) | northern South America | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Chestnut-capped blackbird Male Female | Chrysomus ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1819) | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Paraguay, and Uruguay | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
The name Chrysomus is a transliteration of the Greek word khrusōma, meaning "wrought gold" or "something made of gold".
# Craig Haggard

Craig Haggard is an American politician. A Republican, he represents District 57 in the Indiana House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Haggard was raised in Mooresville, Indiana. He attended Mooresville High School, graduating in 1987.
Haggard served in the United States Marine Corps for twelve years, and was formerly in the Indiana National Guard.
In May 2022, Haggard defeated Melinda Griesemer in the Republican primary election for the 57th district of the Indiana House of Representatives. No candidate was nominated to challenge him in the general election. He succeeded Sean Eberhart.
# Jamie Bowden (diplomat)

James Nicholas Geoffrey Bowden (born 27 May 1960) is a retired British diplomat who was ambassador to Chile from 2018 to 2020.

## Career

Bowden was educated at Eton, then served in the Royal Green Jackets 1980–86. He then joined the diplomatic service and served at Aden, Khartoum, Washington, Riyadh and at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. He was deputy head of mission in Kabul in 2002, Kuwait 2003–04, Baghdad 2004–05, and Kuwait again 2005–06. He was ambassador to the Kingdom of Bahrain 2006–11 and to the Sultanate of Oman 2011–14. He was seconded as deputy private secretary to the Prince of Wales 2014–17. He took up his post as ambassador to the Republic of Chile in June 2018.

## Honours

Bowden was appointed OBE in 2002 "in recognition of services in support of operations in Afghanistan", CMG in the 2012 New Year Honours, and MVO in the 2017 New Year Honours.

## Archive Material

Transcript of interview for the British Diplomatic Oral History Programme.
# Kouvola sub-region

The Kouvola sub-region is a subdivision of Kymenlaakso and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

## Municipalities

| Coat of arms | Municipality |
| | Kouvola (city) |
* This Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# List of airports in Malta

This is a list of airports in Malta.

## Airports

Airports shown in bold have scheduled passenger service on commercial airlines.
| Location | ICAO | IATA | Airport name | Coordinates |
| Luqa / Gudja | LMML | MLA | Malta International Airport (Luqa Airport) | 35°51′27″N 014°28′39″E﻿ / ﻿35.85750°N 14.47750°E﻿ / 35.85750; 14.47750﻿ (Malta International) |
| Xewkija | LMMG | GZM | Xewkija Heliport (Gozo Heliport) | 36°01′38″N 014°16′19″E﻿ / ﻿36.02722°N 14.27194°E﻿ / 36.02722; 14.27194﻿ (Xewkija Heliport) |
| Comino | | JCO | Comino heliport | 36°0′36.1″N 14°20′50.5″E﻿ / ﻿36.010028°N 14.347361°E﻿ / 36.010028; 14.347361﻿ (Comino heliport) |
| Pieta | | | Saint Luke's Hospital heliport | 35°53′44.16″N 14°27′56.88″E﻿ / ﻿35.8956000°N 14.4658000°E﻿ / 35.8956000; 14.4658000 |

## Abandoned airports

* Safi
* Ħal Far
* Ta' Qali
* Qrendi
* Calafrana
* Marsa
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
# Ingvi Sigurður Ingvarsson

Ingvi Sigurður Ingvarsson (12 December 1924 – 26 September 2009) was an Icelandic diplomat.

## Life and career

Ingvi worked for the tax office and the Embassy of the United States in Reykjavík. In 1956 he entered diplomatic service. From 1958 to 1962 he was first secretary in Moscow (Soviet Union). From 1962 to 1966 he was Counselor (diplomat) in Washington, D.C. (United States). From 1966 to 1971 he was Deputy Permanent Representative of Iceland to North Atlantic Council in Brussels and Counsellor of the embassy in Paris and Brussels. From 1971 to 1972 he was Deputy Secretary General of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Iceland) in Reykjavík. From 1972 to 1976 he was Permanent Representative next the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.
From 8 September 1977 to 2 September 1982 he was ambassador to Stockholm. From 5 August 1977 to 24 September 1982 he was coaccreditated in Helsinki and from 9 November 1977 to 21 March 1983 he was coaccreditated to Belgrade. From 24 November 1986 to 17 December 1990 he was ambassador in Washington, D. C. From 28 April 1987 to 24 January 1991 he was coaccreditated in Ottawa.
From 12 April 1991 to 21 January 1995 he was ambassador in Beijing, From 25 January 1991 to 9 March 1994 he was coaccreditated in Copenhagen. From 17 November 1992 to 6 October 1994 he was coaccreditated as ambassador to Ankara. From 1982 to 1986 he was Secretary of State. He was chairman of the United Nations University. He was awarded the Order of the Falcon with a star.
# Loviisa sub-region

Loviisa sub-region is a subdivision of Uusimaa and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Population | Land area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) | Finnish speakers | Swedish speakers | Other speakers |
| Lapinjärvi | 2,448 | 330 | 7 | 63 % | 30 % | 7 % |
| Loviisa | 14,355 | 820 | 18 | 56 % | 39 % | 6 % |
| Total | 16,803 | 1,150 | 15 | 57 % | 38 % | 6 % |

## Politics

Results of the 2018 Finnish presidential election:
* Sauli Niinistö 66.8%
* Pekka Haavisto 10.3%
* Laura Huhtasaari 5.4%
* Nils Torvalds 5.4%
* Paavo Väyrynen 4.8%
* Tuula Haatainen 3.5%
* Merja Kyllönen 1.9%
* Matti Vanhanen 1.9%
* This Southern Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Umuagwo

5°18′21″N 6°56′44″E﻿ / ﻿5.30583°N 6.94556°E﻿ / 5.30583; 6.94556
Umuagwo is a town in the Ohaji/Egbema Local Government Area (LGA) of Imo State in Nigeria. The population is mostly Christian and Igbo-speaking. The town lies on the Otamiri River downstream from Ihiagwa and 26 km (16 mi) from Owerri on the Port Harcourt road. Eze Tony Oguzie, Chairman of the Council of Traditional Rulers in the Orlu (Imo West) senatorial zone, is monarch of Umuagwo.

## Health

The town has a busy market which does not have any toilet or sanitary conveniences and is therefore insanitary, with high risk of contamination of the foodstuffs that are sold. In a 2006 study of the prevalence of Urinary schistosomiasis, a chronic parasitic disease caused by the trematode worm Schistosoma haematobium, Umuagwo was the only town in the LGA that had no cases of infection.

## Education

The Michael Okpara College of Agriculture was established near the town in 1978, and was upgraded to become the Iwo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo in 2007. It is accredited at the State level. Chinwe Obaji was a lecturer at this institution before being appointed head of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education.
# Koby Mottoh

Kendra Koby Reuben Chidiyelum Mottoh (born 31 August 2006) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Bournemouth.

## Career

Mottoh spent nine years with the Arsenal academy before being released at the age of 14. He was subsequently taken in on a two-year scholarship by Portsmouth following a successful trial. He scored 15 goals in his first 18 appearances playing wing-back for the academy. He made his senior debut as a second-year scholar on 8 August 2023, coming on as an 86th-minute substitute in a 3–1 win at Forest Green Rovers in the EFL Cup. At the time the 16 year-old was the youngest second-year scholar in the country. He earned his first start at Fratton Park on 23 August, in a 3–3 draw with Fulham U21 in the EFL Trophy. In July 2024, Mottoh signed his first professional contract with Premier League club AFC Bournemouth.

## Style of play

Mottoh is a forward with strong dribbling and 1v1 skills.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 19 December 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Portsmouth | 2023–24 | EFL League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy
# Charles Hardy

Admiral Sir Charles Hardy (c. 1714 – 18 May 1780) was a Royal Navy officer, politician and colonial administrator who sat in the House of Commons of Great Britain between 1764 and 1780. He served as governor of New York from 1755 to 1757.

## Early career

Born at Portsmouth, the son of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hardy, Charles Hardy joined the Royal Navy as a volunteer in 1731.
He became a captain in the Royal Navy on 10 August 1741, around the age of 27. His first command was the 24-gun HMS Rye, stationed off the British Carolinas from January 1742 to February 1744. In 1744 he was appointed governor and commander-in-chief of the British colony of Newfoundland, though there is no record of his visiting it during his term in office. In 1745 he took command of HMS Torrington, assisting in the protection of a convoy which brought reinforcements from Gibraltar to the newly captured fortress of Louisbourg.
He was knighted in 1755 and served as governor of the Colony of New York from 1755 to 1757 (replaced by James Delancey). During his term he was made Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

## Seven Years' War

In 1757, under the command of Vice Admiral Francis Holburne, Hardy escorted Lord Loudoun and his army from New York to Halifax intending to attack Louisbourg, but the attack was called off when Louisbourg was found to be strongly defended by a French fleet. The next year, he was second in command under Admiral Edward Boscawen at the successful Siege of Louisbourg.
That autumn, he and James Wolfe attacked French posts around the mouth of the St. Lawrence River and destroyed all of the French fishing stations along the northern shores of what is now New Brunswick and along the Gaspé Peninsula. He also participated in Hawke's victory at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759.
Hardy served as the governor of Greenwich Hospital from 1771 to 1780. In 1778, he was made Admiral of the White. In 1779 he became Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet, remaining in that post until his death in May 1780.

## Member of Parliament

Hardy sat as Member of Parliament for Rochester from 1764 to 1768 and for Plymouth from 1771 to 1780.

## Personal life

In 1749 he married Mary Tate, however she died the next year without issue and left her home Delapré Abbey to Hardy which he sold in 1764 to Edward Bouverie for £22,000. Following his first wife's death, he married Catharine Stanyan, the daughter of Temple Stanyan. Through Catherine, he inherited Temple Stanyan's estate at Rawlins, Oxfordshire.
The couple had three sons and two daughters. Sir Charles Hardy died at Spithead. He bequeathed £3000 to each of the sons and £4000 to each daughter, as well as leaving his estate to his eldest son Temple Hardy. By Catharine's death in 1801, only Temple survived of the three sons. Hardy's brother Josiah was a merchant and the Governor of New Jersey from 1761 to 1763.
# James W. Kelly

James Woodrow Kelly (December 24, 1913 – April 16, 1989) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. He was Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy from July 1965 to July 1970. He is an alumnus of Ouachita Baptist University and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary.

## Early life and education

Kelly was born in Carthage, Arkansas in 1913. He earned a B.A. degree from Ouachita Baptist University in 1936 and a Th.M. degree from the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1940. Kelly served as a pastor in Malvern, Arkansas from 1940 to 1942.

## Military career

Kelly was commissioned in the United States Naval Reserve on March 26, 1942. He served aboard USS Mobile in 1944 and USS Alaska in 1946. Kelly was promoted to captain on November 1, 1956, and then to rear admiral on July 1, 1963. He was conferred an honorary D.Div. degree by Ouachita Baptist University in 1957 and an honorary LL.D. degree by the Atlanta Law School in 1969. Kelly was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal at the time of his retirement in 1970.
# Edgar Jones (rugby)

Edgar Lewis Jones (4 May 1910 – 11 February 1986) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for Wales, at invitational level for Barbarian F.C., and at club level for Gowerton RFC and Llanelli RFC, as a prop, and club level rugby league (RL) for Leeds.

## Background

Jones was born in Sketty, Swansea, Wales, and he died aged 75 in West Cross, Swansea, Wales.

## International honours

Edgar Jones won caps for Wales (RU) while at Llanelli RFC in 1930 against France, in 1933 against England, Scotland, and Ireland, and in 1935 against England.
# Kakkayam

* Kakkayam Dam
* Kakkayam torture camp
# 2015–16 Cymru Alliance League Cup

The 2015–16 Cymru Alliance League Cup (also known as the Huws Gray Cup) is the 26th edition of the competition.
# King & Country (company)

King & Country is a Hong Kong company manufacturing toy soldiers and other miniatures founded in the 1980s, and now one of the leading companies in the field.
The company was founded in 1984 by expatriate Scots Andy Neilson and Laura McAllister; married at the time, they founded four companies together, of which King & Country was the fourth, and continued to work together after divorcing. Both have since remarried. Neilson is the company's creative director. The metal miniatures are manufactured in China and hand painted by two artists, one in Hong Kong and the other on the mainland. The company has a shop in Hong Kong, run by Neilson and originally in Wyndham Street, since 1992 in Pacific Place, and branches in the United Kingdom and the United States.
The first products were miniature Scottish Highlanders and Zulu warriors. In 1995, they added Second World War figurines based on the 1977 film A Bridge Too Far and using matte paint instead of the traditional enamel; in 1998 their sales increased with the release of a range of figures based on and coinciding with Steven Spielberg's film Saving Private Ryan. In addition to metal toy soldiers at 1:30 scale, they now make polyester resin miniatures of buildings and military vehicles, including ships and aircraft, in ranges including Ancient Egypt, the Crusades, the Age of Napoleon, the American Revolutionary War, the American Civil War, The Crimean War, both World Wars (in 2017 they released the first miniatures for the Battle of Hong Kong), and the War in Afghanistan, and also Streets of Old Hong Kong, buildings and figures from colonial Hong Kong.
As of 2009, King & Country was a leading manufacturer of toy soldiers; collectors have included Steven Spielberg, Phil Collins, Mike Myers, Rod Stewart, and the King of Tonga.
# Mandelbaum effect

The Mandelbaum effect is the tendency for the eye to focus nearby in conditions of poor visibility. It was first codified by J. Mandelbaum in 1960. Because dirty glass can aggravate the effect, potentially causing a pilot or driver to miss seeing an obstacle or hazard, it is a strong safety argument for keeping windows clean.

## Discussion

When visibility is poor, as at night during rainstorms or fog, the eye tends to relax and focus on its best distance, technically known as "empty field" or "dark focus". This distance is usually just under one meter (one yard), but varies considerably among people. The tendency is aggravated by objects close to the eye, drawing focus closer. A common synonym for the effect in FAA and Transport Canada usage is "empty-field myopia."
It has been shown that the Mandelbaum effect is not a refractive error in the usual sense: it is not a structural characteristic of the eyes, but the effect arises from normal variations of perception in the brain. As in the aviation condition known as spatial disorientation, it is posited that some people are severely affected by the effect, some mildly, and some not at all.
In aviation and automobile safety research, the Mandelbaum effect is a useful tool in determining bias in stressful conditions. There seem to be consistent patterns in pilots' and drivers' perceptions during poor visibility. Methods of compensating for the Mandelbaum effect are still subject to research.
# Godley

Godley may refer to:

## People

* Adam Godley (born 1964), British actor
* Alfred Denis Godley, known as A. D. Godley (1856–1925), English classical scholar and author of light verse
* Alexander Godley (1867–1957), British Army General with the New Zealand and Australian Division at Gallipoli; cousin of the 1st Baron Kilbracken
* Arthur Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken (1847–1932), British Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India; cousin of Alexander Godley
* Bill Godley (1879–unknown), English footballer
* Charlotte Godley (1821–1907) was a New Zealand letter-writer and community leader; mother of Arthur Godley
* Eric Godley (1919–2010), New Zealand botanist and biographer
* G. McMurtrie Godley (1917–1999), U.S. Ambassador to Laos and Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
* George Godley, British police officer involved in the hunt for Jack the Ripper in 1888
* Hugh Godley, 2nd Baron Kilbracken (1877–1950), Irish nobleman
* Janey Godley (1961–2024), Scottish comedian, newspaper columnist, and author
* John Godley, 3rd Baron Kilbracken (1920–2006), British-born Irish peer
* John Robert Godley (1814–1861), British bureaucrat and statesman; an original resident in Canterbury, New Zealand
* Kevin Godley (born 1945), British musician and music video director and part of the Godley & Creme musical partnership
* Leonidas M. Godley (1836–1904), American Civil War Union Army soldier; recipient of the Medal of Honor
* Robert Godley (born 1971), British designer of men's clothing
* Sandra Godley, British singer-songwriter, broadcaster and philanthropist
* Sean Godley (born 1981), Irish-Australian poet and writer, brother of the 4th Baron Kilbracken
* Sidney Godley (1889–1957), British Army World War I soldier and German prisoner of war; recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Wynne Godley (1926–2010), British economist
* Zack Godley (born 1990), American professional baseball pitcher

## Places
### New Zealand

* Godley Head, northern headland to Lyttelton Harbour

### United Kingdom

* Godley, Greater Manchester
   * Godley East railway station
   * Godley railway station
   * Godley Reservoir
* Godley Hundred in Surrey

### United States

* Godley, Illinois
   * Godley Independent School District
* Godley, Texas

## Other

* Godley & Creme, English rock duo composed of Kevin Godley and Lol Creme
   * Changing Faces – The Very Best of 10cc and Godley & Creme, released in 1987
   * Cry (Godley & Creme song), released in 1985
   * Consequences (Godley & Creme album), released in 1977
   * Freeze Frame (Godley & Creme album), released in 1979
* Godley River, alpine braided river flowing through Canterbury in New Zealand
* Godley Statue, Christchurch memorial for John Robert Godley
# Lucrinus Lacus

Lucrinus Lacus or Lucrine Lake (Italian: Lago di Lucrino; Neapolitan: Laco 'e Lucrine) is a lake in Campania, southern Italy.
It is less than one kilometre to the south of Lake Avernus and is separated from the Gulf of Pozzuoli by a narrow strip of land. Also known as the maricello ("little sea"), the size of present-day Lago Lucrino was significantly reduced by the rise of the volcanic cone of Monte Nuovo in 1538. The lake's modern dimensions are 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) long and about 5 metres (16 ft) deep.
The recorded history of Lucrinus Lacus dates back to Sergius Orata, who is credited with creating the first oyster beds there. The lake was also a resort destination for residents of Baiae (cf. Martial i. 62). Its banks were covered with villas, of which the best known was Cicero's villa Cumanum on the east bank, which was the seat of his Academia. The remnants of this villa, and the nearby village of Tripergole, disappeared beneath ejecta from the eruption of Monte Nuovo in 1538.
According to a history by Tacitus, Agrippina the Younger was murdered by the emperor Nero's assassins in her villa on the shores of Lucrinus Lacus in AD 59 after escaping an unsuccessful murder attempt while sailing on another craft nearby.
The Via Herculanea and a railway traverse the strip of land between the lake and the Gulf of Pozzuoli.
The ancient Via Herculanea road ran on a strip of land parallel and further to seaward from the present one and now submerged, which Strabo credited to Heracles with constructing. This strip was reinforced with a sea wall and then opened by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa to make a harbour of Lucrinus Lacus. He then joined Lucrinis Lacus to Lago d'Averno by a canal, as recorded in Virgil's Georgics, providing a sheltered harbour known as Portus Julius for the Roman western fleet, invisible from the sea.
Today Lucrino is a frazione of the comune of Pozzuoli.