# Legislature XIV of Italy

The Legislature XIV of Italy (Italian: XIV Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) started on 30 May 2001 and ended on 27 April 2006. Its composition resulted from the general election of 13 May 2001. The election was called by President Ciampi, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 8 March 2001. The legislature ended after its natural course of five years, soon after the houses were dissolved again by Ciampi on 11 February 2006.
The election leading to the composition of this legislature was characterized by the use of decoy lists ("liste civetta") by both major coalitions (the House of Freedoms and the Olive Tree), in order to "de facto" turn the scorporo (partially compensatory) system implemented by the electoral law into a parallel voting system. In the case of the House of Freedoms, this tactic was so effective that Forza Italia did not have enough candidates for the seats that had won, missing out on 12 seats.

## Government

| Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Party | Term of office | Term of office | Government | Composition |
| Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Party | Took office | Left office | Government | Composition |
| | | Silvio Berlusconi (b. 1936) | Forza Italia | 11 June 2001 | 23 April 2005 | Berlusconi II | FI • AN • LN • CCD • CDU (House of Freedoms) |
| | | Silvio Berlusconi (b. 1936) | Forza Italia | 23 April 2005 | 17 May 2006 | Berlusconi III | FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI (House of Freedoms) |

## Composition
### Chamber of Deputies

The number of elected deputies was 613. Although the total number of seats was of 630, at the start of the legislation it was not possible to assign the remaining 17 seats (distributed between the House of Freedoms and The Daisy) because of missing candidates in the electoral lists. Some of these seats were assigned later during the legislature.
* President: Pier Ferdinando Casini (UDC), elected on 31 May 2001
* Vice Presidents: Alfredo Biondi (FI), Publio Fiori (Mixed), Fabio Mussi (DS – L'Ulivo), Clemente Mastella (Mixed – UDEUR)
Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies :
| Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition |
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change |
| | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 178 | | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 167 | 11 |
| | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | 137 | | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | 129 | 8 |
| | National Alliance | National Alliance | 99 | | National Alliance | National Alliance | 94 | 5 |
| | The Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree | The Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree | 80 | | The Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree | The Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree | 80 | |
| | CCD – CDU White Flower | CCD – CDU White Flower | 40 | | UDC Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (CCD – CDU) | UDC Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (CCD – CDU) | 38 | 2 |
| | Lega Nord Padania | Lega Nord Padania | 30 | | Lega Nord Padania Federation | Lega Nord Padania Federation | 26 | 4 |
| | | | | | Communist Refoundation | Communist Refoundation | 12 | 12 |
| | Mixed | Mixed | 49 | | Mixed | Mixed | 64 | 15 |
| | | Italian Communists | 9 | | | Italian Communists | 10 | 1 |
| | | Linguistic Minorities | 5 | | | Linguistic Minorities | 5 | |
| | | Communist Refoundation | 11 | | | | | 11 |
| | | New PSI | 3 | | | | | 3 |
| | | | | | | Populars – UDEUR | 11 | 11 |
| | | | | | | The Rose in the Fist | 11 | 11 |
| | | | | | | Greens – The Union | 7 | 7 |
| | | | | | | Liberal Democrats – Republicans – New PSI | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | | Democratic Ecologists | 4 | 4 |
| | | | | | | MRE – European Republicans Movement | 3 | 3 |
| | | Non inscrits | 21 | | | Non inscrits | 7 | 14 |
| Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 613 | Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 610 | 3 |

### Senate

The number of elected senators was 315. At the beginning of the legislature there were nine life senators (Giovanni Leone, Francesco Cossiga and Oscar Luigi Scalfaro as former Presidents, and the nominated life senators Carlo Bo, Norberto Bobbio, Gianni Agnelli, Giulio Andreotti, Francesco De Martino and Paolo Emilio Taviani). After the death of Leone, Bo, Bobbio, Agnelli, De Martino and Taviani, and the nomination of the new life senators Rita Levi-Montalcini, Emilio Colombo, Mario Luzi (who died in February 2005), Giorgio Napolitano and Sergio Pininfarina, the total number of senators at the end of the legislature was of 320.
* President: Marcello Pera (FI), elected on 30 May 2001
* Vice Presidents: Roberto Calderoli (LN) until 20 July 2004, Domenico Fisichella (AN, then Mixed), Cesare Salvi (DS – L'Ulivo), Lamberto Dini (The Daisy), Francesco Moro (LN) from 29 September 2004
Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic :
| Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition |
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change |
| | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 82 | | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 76 | 6 |
| | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | 65 | | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree | 64 | 1 |
| | National Alliance | National Alliance | 45 | | National Alliance | National Alliance | 46 | 1 |
| | Daisy | Daisy | 43 | | Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree | Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree | 35 | 8 |
| | CCD – CDU: White Flower | CCD – CDU: White Flower | 29 | | Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (CCD – CDU) | Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (CCD – CDU) | 30 | 1 |
| | Lega Nord Padania | Lega Nord Padania | 17 | | Lega Nord Padania | Lega Nord Padania | 17 | |
| | For the Autonomies | For the Autonomies | 10 | | For the Autonomies | For the Autonomies | 10 | |
| | Greens – The Olive Tree | Greens – The Olive Tree | 10 | | Greens – The Union | Greens – The Union | 10 | |
| | Mixed | Mixed | 23 | | Mixed | Mixed | 34 | 11 |
| | | Italian Democratic Socialists | 6 | | | Rose in the Fist | 6 | |
| | | Communist Refoundation | 4 | | | Communist Refoundation | 4 | |
| | | Party of Italian Communists | 2 | | | Party of Italian Communists | 2 | |
| | | Freedom and Justice for the Olive Tree | 1 | | | Il Cantiere | 2 | 1 |
| | | League for Lombard Autonomy | 1 | | | League for Lombard Autonomy | 1 | |
| | | New PSI | 1 | | | New PSI | 1 | |
| | | Italian Republican Party | 1 | | | Italian Republican Party | 1 | |
| | | MS – Tricolour Flame | 1 | | | MSI – Tricolour Flame | 1 | |
| | | Lombard Territory Movement | 1 | | | | | 1 |
| | | | | | | Populars UDEUR | 5 | 5 |
| | | | | | | Italy of Values | 2 | 2 |
| | | | | | | House of Freedoms | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | | | Christian Democracy for Autonomies | 1 | 1 |
| | | Non inscrits | 5 | | | Non inscrits | 7 | 2 |
| Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 324 | Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 320 | 4 |

#### Senators for Life

| Senator | Motivation | Appointed by | From | Till |
| Giovanni Leone | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | 9 November 2001 (deceased) |
| Carlo Bo | Merits in the literary field | President Sandro Pertini | Previous legislature | 21 July 2001 (deceased) |
| Norberto Bobbio | Merits in the social and scientific field | President Sandro Pertini | Previous legislature | 9 January 2004 (deceased) |
| Gianni Agnelli | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | 24 January 2003 (deceased) |
| Giulio Andreotti | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Francesco De Martino | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | 18 November 2002 (deceased) |
| Paolo Emilio Taviani | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | 18 June 2001 (deceased) |
| Francesco Cossiga | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Oscar Luigi Scalfaro | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Rita Levi Montalcini | Merits in the social and scientific field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | 1 August 2001 | Next legislature |
| Emilio Colombo | Merits in the social field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | 14 January 2003 | Next legislature |
| Mario Luzi | Merits in the literary field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | 14 October 2004 | 28 February 2005 (deceased) |
| Giorgio Napolitano | Merits in the social field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | 23 September 2005 | Next legislature |
| Sergio Pininfarina | Merits in the social field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | 23 September 2005 | Next legislature |