OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1853 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1853 in South Africa.

## Events

* The 8th Cape Frontier War ends
* The settlement of Hopetown is established
* Nicholaas Waterboer, eldest son of Andries Waterboer succeeds as Griqua captain
* The settlement of Queenstown is established
* The settlement of Seymour is established
* The Union Steamship Line is founded
* the right to vote is granted to every property-owning male (including Africans) in the Cape Province. This right was abolished with the introduction of Apartheid in 1948

## Births

* 20 August - Jan Ernst Abraham Volschenk, landscape painter, is born near Riversdale, Cape Colony

## Deaths

* 23 July - Andries Pretorius (54), Voortrekker leader
# Lucas Halangk

Lucas Halangk (born 22 September 2003) is a German professional footballer who currently plays as a right-back for Hallescher FC.

## Career

After progressing through 1. FC Magdeburg's youth academy, Halangk joined Hallescher FC in 2020. He made his professional debut for the club on 27 August 2021, coming on as a substitute for Aaron Herzog in the 88th minute of a 4–4 draw against SC Verl. The following day, he signed his first professional contract solidifying his commitment to the team.
On 20 April 2023, Halangk extended his stay with Hallescher FC, signing a contract extension with undisclosed terms.
# Osov (Beroun District)

Osov is a municipality and village in Beroun District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Osov consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Osov (215)
* Osovec (89)

## Geography

Osov is located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Beroun and 31 km (19 mi) southwest of Prague. It lies in an agricultural landscape in the Hořovice Uplands. The highest point is at 411 m (1,348 ft) above sea level.

## History

The first written mention of Osov is from 1225. It was the centre of a small estate, owned predominantly by various lower noble families. Until the early 18th century, the owners often changed. From the beginning of the 18th century until 1804, Osov was a property of the Kaunitz family and experienced its greatest development.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 643 | — |
| 1880 | 630 | −2.0% |
| 1890 | 564 | −10.5% |
| 1900 | 626 | +11.0% |
| 1910 | 560 | −10.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 563 | +0.5% |
| 1930 | 490 | −13.0% |
| 1950 | 467 | −4.7% |
| 1961 | 371 | −20.6% |
| 1970 | 434 | +17.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 418 | −3.7% |
| 1991 | 412 | −1.4% |
| 2001 | 338 | −18.0% |
| 2011 | 354 | +4.7% |
| 2021 | 304 | −14.1% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Osov is located on the railway line of local importance from Lochovice to Zadní Třebaň.

## Sights

The main landmark of Osov is the Osov Castle. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1728–1735 for Jan Adolf of Kaunitz. It is surrounded by a park.
The regular agricultural landscape around Osov with a net of paths lined with avenues is protected as a landscape monument zone. It was established in two phases after the Thirty Years' War and after 1805.
# Synuchus rectangulus

Synuchus rectangulus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Lindroth in 1956.
# Dana Dabelea

Dana Dabelea is the Conrad M. Riley Distinguished Professor of epidemiology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. She is known for her work on how both internal and external factors can influence how diabetes and obesity develops within individuals.

## Education and career

Dabelea obtained her M.D. in 1990 and her Ph.D. in 1997 from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Timișoara, Romania. She completed a postdoctoral fellowship in diabetes epidemiology and field studies at the National Institutes of Health in Phoenix, Arizona.
Dabelea joined the University of Colorado School of Medicine in 2001 and was promoted to full professor in 2011. She was named the Conrad M. Riley Distinguished Professor in 2013. Other honors include the Elizabeth Gee Memorial Lectureship Award from the University of Colorado and the American Diabetes Association Kelly West Award, both presented in 2017
Dabelea is known for her work on pediatric obesity, diabetes, life course epidemiology, and Native American health. Her early research focused on diabetes research within the Pima Indians population. She has studied type 2 diabetes rates specifically in children as well as diabetes in pregnant women. In research of diabetes rates across populations, she determined that non-Hispanic whites have the highest rates of type I diabetes.

## Selected publications

* Dabelea, D; Hanson, R L; Lindsay, R S; Pettitt, D J; Imperatore, G; Gabir, M M; Roumain, J; Bennett, P H; Knowler, W C (2000-12-01). "Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships". Diabetes. 49 (12): 2208–2211. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2208. ISSN 0012-1797. PMID 11118027.
* Dabelea, Dana; Snell-Bergeon, Janet K.; Hartsfield, Cynthia L.; Bischoff, Kimberly J.; Hamman, Richard F.; McDuffie, Robert S. (2005-03-01). "Increasing Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Over Time and by Birth Cohort: Kaiser Permanente of Colorado GDM Screening Program". Diabetes Care. 28 (3): 579–584. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.579. ISSN 0149-5992. PMID 15735191.
* Cornier, Marc-Andre; Dabelea, Dana; Hernandez, Teri L.; Lindstrom, Rachel C.; Steig, Amy J.; Stob, Nicole R.; Van Pelt, Rachael E.; Wang, Hong; Eckel, Robert H. (2008-12-01). "The Metabolic Syndrome". Endocrine Reviews. 29 (7): 777–822. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0024. ISSN 0163-769X. PMC 5393149. PMID 18971485.
* Dabelea, Dana; Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.; Saydah, Sharon; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Linder, Barbara; Divers, Jasmin; Bell, Ronny; Badaru, Angela; Talton, Jennifer W.; Crume, Tessa; Liese, Angela D.; Merchant, Anwar T.; Lawrence, Jean M.; Reynolds, Kristi; Dolan, Lawrence (2014-05-07). "Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents From 2001 to 2009". JAMA. 311 (17): 1778–1786. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.3201. ISSN 0098-7484. PMC 4368900. PMID 24794371.
# Estola stramentosa

Estola stramentosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Brazil.
# WGCK-FM

WGCK-FM is a Contemporary Christian-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Coeburn, Virginia, serving Dickenson and Wise counties in Virginia and Letcher County in Kentucky. WGCK-FM is owned and operated by Letcher County Broadcasting, Inc.
# 1854 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1854 in South Africa.

## Events

* 23 February - The Orange Free State Republic is established with the signing of the Bloemfontein Convention
* 15 October - U.G. Lauts appointed consul of the Orange Free State in the Netherlands
* The Cape Colony elects its first parliament
* Sir George Grey, Portuguese-born British, is appointed Governor of the Cape
* The Boers defeat the Ndebele at Makapansgat
# Tibet Policy Institute

The Tibet Policy Institute (TPI), founded in 2012, is a Tibetan think tank and research-oriented intellectual institute of the Central Tibetan Administration. TPI is based in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India.

## History

The exile Central Tibetan Administration's think tank and policy analysis institute was started on February 15, 2012, inaugurated by the President Dr Lobsang Sangay.
Mr Thubten Samphel was the first executive director of the TPI and under his leadership the institute grew to new heights. He was the director of the institute for six years and retired on November 2, 2018.
After the retirement of Mr Samphel, he was succeeded by Mrs Tsering Yangkey. She was the director for a brief period from Nov 01, 2018 to May 1, 2019.
On May 1, 2019, Mrs. Tsewang Dolma Shosur was appointed its new director and took charge of the institute until Oct 16, 2019.
On 16 October 2019, Mr Tsewang Gyalpo Arya was appointed as the director of the institute on additional portfolio. Mr. Tsewang was then succeeded by Mr. Tenzin Lekshay as the Director on 25 September 2020. Latter worked as the deputy director since May 2017.

## Activities

The Tibetan Policy Institute organised one major conference on Tibet and two smaller conferences per year.
TPI invites experts on China and Tibet regularly to speak on the subject, to the Tibetan bureaucrats and NGOs and send Tibetan experts to participate at various global conferences.
TPI publish an annual journal of the conferences’ proceedings held per year, reports and books.

## Directors

* Mr Thubten Samphel (Feb 15, 2012 to Nov 02, 2018)
* Mrs Tsering Yangkye (Nov 01, 2018 to May 1, 2019)
* Mrs Tsewang Dolma Shosur (May 1, 2019 to Oct 16, 2019)
* Mr Tsewang Gyalpo Arya (Oct 16 2019 to September 25, 2020)
* Mr. Tenzin Lekshay (September 25, 2020 to July 26, 2021)
* Mr. Dawa Tsering (July 26, 2021 – Present)

## Publications

TPI publishes journals, reports and books. The books and journals published are:

### Periodical

* Tibet Policy Journal

### Reports

* Cultural Genocide in Tibet
* China's Development Policy in Tibet

### Books

* Dalai Lama on Environment
* The Art of Non-violence: Winning China Over to Tibet Story
# Synuchus tanzawanus

Synuchus tanzawanus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Habu in 1955.
# Estola similis

Estola similis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known to be from Peru.
# Marja Wokke

Marja Wokke (Dutch:; born 21 March 1957) is a Dutch former marathon runner, most active in the 1970s and 1980s.

## Biography
### 1980

In 1980, Wokke won the City-Pier-City Loop half marathon in the Hague, when the race had a women category for the first time. At this occasion she set a new world record time of 1:13:59.
That year, she also finished as first woman and 53th runner overall in the Amsterdam Marathon in a women's course record of 2:40:15.
She was ranked fifth in the world in 1980 with her best ever performance (2:32:28), which she ran in Eugene, Oregon.

### 1981

In 1981, Wokke finished as first woman again and 28th overall in the Amsterdam Marathon in 2:43:38.
She went on to win the inaugural Rotterdam Marathon on 23 May 1981, clocking in at 2:43:23.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing the Netherlands ||||||
| 1978 | Egmond Half Marathon | Egmond, Netherlands | 1st | Half Marathon | 1:19:45 |
| 1979 | Egmond Half Marathon | Egmond, Netherlands | 1st | Half Marathon | 1:27:55 |
| 1980 | Egmond Half Marathon | Egmond, Netherlands | 1st | Half Marathon | 1:19:35 |
| 1980 | City-Pier-City Loop | The Hague, Netherlands | 1st | Half Marathon | 1:13:59 |
| 1980 | Amsterdam Marathon | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1st | Marathon | 2:40:15 |
| 1981 | Egmond Half Marathon | Egmond, Netherlands | 1st | Half Marathon | 1:21:21 |
| 1981 | Rotterdam Marathon | Rotterdam, Netherlands | 1st | Marathon | 2:43:23 |
| 1981 | Amsterdam Marathon | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1st | Marathon | 2:43:38 |
# Table tennis at the 2006 South American Games

Table tennis at the 2006 South American Games was held from March 21 to March 26. All games were played at River Plate Club in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Singles Men details | Liu Song (ARG) | Gustavo Tsuboi (BRA) | Pablo Tabachnik (ARG) Hugo Hoyama (BRA) |
| Singles Women details | Fabiola Ramos (VEN) | Ligia Silva (BRA) | Paula Medina (COL) Mariany Nonaka (BRA) |
| Doubles Men details | Brazil (Thiago Monteiro / Hugo Hoyama) | Brazil (Cazuo Matsumoto / Gustavo Tsuboi) | Argentina (Pablo Tabachnik / Liu Song) Argentina (Oscar Gonzalez / Gaston Alto) |
| Doubles Women details | Venezuela (Fabiola Ramos / Ruaida Ezzedine) | Venezuela (Mariana Guánchez / María Mata) | Brazil (Mariany Nonaka / Ligia Silva) Colombia (Paula Medina / Johana Araque) |
| Doubles Mixed details | Chile (Juan Papic / Bertha Rodríguez) | Brazil (Thiago Monteiro / Ligia Silva) | Chile (Augusto Morales / Melita Yañez) Brazil (Hugo Hoyama / Mariany Nonaka) |
| Team Men details | Brazil (Hugo Hoyama, Thiago Monteiro, Cazuo Matsumoto) | Argentina (Pablo Tabachnik, Liu Song, Gastón Alto) | Chile (Juan Papic, Augusto Morales, Andrés Cortés, Pablo Gaete) Venezuela (Henry Mujica, Jonathan Pino, Luis Díaz, Marcos Navas) |
| Team Women details | Brazil (Ligia Silva, Karin Sako, Mariany Nonaka) | Chile (Berta Rodríguez, Paulina Vega, Melita Yáñez, Natalia Castellano) | Colombia (Paula Medina, Johanna Araque, Briana Díaz) Venezuela (Fabiola Ramos, Ruaida Ezzedine, Mariana Guánchez, María Mata) |
# Sarah Perry (politician)

Sarah Perry is an American politician elected to the King County Council in 2022. Before running for office, Perry worked at various nonprofits and nongovernmental organizations, including Eastside Housing and Seattle University.

## King County council
### 2021 election

In her fifth reelection bid, Republican incumbent Kathy Lambert faced two challengers, Perry and lawyer Joe Cohen. Perry focused her campaign on targeted urban growth while protecting farmlands, greater access to public transit, and economic support for small businesses. Lambert focused on her record as a councilmember, including legislation addressing homeless and the creation of the Department of Local Services. In the August primary, Lambert and Perry earned 40% and 36% of the vote, respectively, and advanced to the general election.
During the general election, Lambert sent an election mailer to constituents, which portrayed Perry as a marionette controlled by councilmember Girmay Zahilay and accused her of "bringing radical Seattle policies to the Eastside." The mailer was condemned as racist and many of Lmabert's supporters and donors withdrew their support, such as the Seattle Mariners who announced they donated $1,000 to Perry after condemning the mailer. Lambert at first defended the mailer saying the mailer was meant to highlight the differences between her and Perry, but then apologized saying, "This message is certainly not what was intended."
Perry defeated Lambert 55.81% to 43.86% in the November general election.

### Tenure

During a March 2024 Health and Human Services Committee meeting, a group of Venezuelan asylum seekers showed up to seek help with paying for housing at a Kent Quality Inn or face eviction. After the meeting, Perry worked to see if she could find financial help from community members and the Redmond-based Muslim Association of Puget Sound (MAPS) donated $60,000 to pay for two weeks at the hotel.

## Personal life

Perry attended both Seattle University and Ohio State University studying transformational leadership and political science. She is married to Washington State representative Bill Ramos, whom she helped win through creating a 150 volunteer group. They have two children together.
# Arkansas Highway 328

Highway 328 (AR 328, Ark. 328, and Hwy. 328) is a designation of two east–west state highway in Northeast Arkansas, United States. One route begins at Highway 251 and runs east 18.37 miles (29.56 km) to US 62/US 67 in Reyno. A second highway begins at Highway 211 in Success and runs 7.81 miles (12.57 km) to US 67. The first segment was created in 1965, with the Clay County route forming in 1973. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). A small portion of the route is designated as an Arkansas Heritage Trail for its use as the Trail of Tears during the Indian Removal.

## Route description
### Randolph County

Highway 328 begins in centrally located Randolph County at an intersection with Highway 251 between Ingram and Attica. The highway runs northeast through sparsely populated areas of the Ozark Highlands and crossing Fourche River. Entering Maynard has a junction with Highway 115/Highway 166. Highway 166 and Highway 328 briefly concur eastward through Maynard before the former turns northward. Highway 328 continues easterly, crossing into the flatter terrain of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain before turning due south as a section line road, crossing the Current River, and running to Reyno. In Reyno, the route intersects US 62/US 67, where it terminates.
The ArDOT maintains Highway 328 like all other parts of the state highway system. As a part of these responsibilities, the department tracks the volume of traffic using its roads in surveys using a metric called average annual daily traffic (AADT). ArDOT estimates the traffic level for a segment of roadway for any average day of the year in these surveys. For 2016, the highest traffic levels were estimated in Reyno, with 620 vehicles per day (VPD). The remainder of the highway averaged under 600 VPD, with the exception of the concurrency with Highway 166, which averaged 1,300 VPD.

### Clay County

Highway 328 begins at an intersection with Highway 211 (Stephens Street) in Success in western Clay County three miles (4.8 km) east of the Current River, and three miles (4.8 km) south of the Missouri border. It runs due east as a section line road until terminating at an intersection with US 67.
As of 2016, the route had an annual average daily traffic (AADT) of 660 vehicles per day (VPD).

## Major intersections

Mile markers reset at concurrencies.
| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Randolph | ​ | 0.00 | 0.00 | AR 251 – Warm Springs, Pocahontas | Western terminus |
| Randolph | Maynard | 7.34 | 11.81 | AR 115 / AR 166 south – Pocahontas | Begin AR 116 overlap |
| Randolph | Maynard | 0.00 | 0.00 | AR 166 – Supply | End AR 116 overlap |
| Randolph | ​ | 16.41 | 26.41 | Bridge over the Current River | Bridge over the Current River |
| Randolph | Reyno | 18.37 | 29.56 | US 62 / US 67 – Pocahontas, Corning | Eastern terminus |
| Gap in route ||||||
| Clay | Success | 0.00 | 0.00 | AR 211 (Stephens Street) | Western terminus |
| Clay | ​ | 7.81 | 12.57 | US 67 – Pocahontas, Poplar Bluff, MO | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Synuchus tokararum

Synuchus tokararum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Carl H. Lindroth in 1956.
# KYBA

KYBA (105.3 FM, "Y105 FM") is a radio station licensed to Stewartville, Minnesota, and located in Rochester, Minnesota. The station airs an adult contemporary format. It is under ownership of Townsquare Media.
It is also heard on broadcast translator K285EL 104.9 FM in Rochester.
Between mid-November and Christmas, KYBA flips to an all-Christmas music format.
On August 30, 2013, a deal was announced in which Townsquare would acquire 53 Cumulus Media stations, including KYBA, for $238 million. The deal was part of Cumulus' acquisition of Dial Global; Townsquare and Dial Global are both controlled by Oaktree Capital Management. The sale to Townsquare was completed on November 14, 2013.
# Aryadan Shoukath

Aryadan Shoukath (born 1957) is an Indian film producer, screenwriter, and politician from Kerala. He is known for his contributions to Malayalam cinema, particularly for producing and writing films that address social issues, and for his political engagement with the Indian National Congress.

## Early life

Aryadan Shoukath was born in Nilambur, Malappuram district, Kerala, to Aryadan Muhammed, a notable Congress leader and former Electricity Minister of Kerala, and Fathima. His early exposure to politics through his family significantly shaped his career path.

## Career
### Film career

Shoukath entered the film industry as a producer and screenwriter with the film Paadam Onnu: Oru Vilapam in 2003, where he critiqued the treatment of girls' education within the Muslim community. This film was not only commercially successful but also critically acclaimed, earning him the National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare.
He continued to produce and write:
- **Vilapangalkkappuram** (2008) - A narrative about a girl's escape from the anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat. - **Daivanamathil** (2005) - Addressing issues of religious extremism. - **Varthamanam** (2021) - Tackling contemporary socio-political issues.
Shoukath's films are recognized for their social commentary, aiming to enlighten and reform through storytelling.

### Political career

Shoukath has been an active member of the Indian National Congress:
- **Elections:** He contested the 2016 Kerala Assembly elections from Nilambur but lost to P.V. Anvar. - **Local Politics:** He served as chairman of Nilambur municipality and held various local governance positions. - **Party Roles:** He was the General Secretary of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC). - **Controversies:** In November 2023, he faced disciplinary action for organizing a pro-Palestine rally contrary to party directives. - **Recent Activities:** In January 2025, he was involved in a public dispute with P.V. Anvar, defending his political standing within the party.

### Contributions to arts and literature

Aryadan Shoukath has contributed to the cultural landscape by supporting local arts and literature in Kerala. He has been a patron for various art forms, organizing and sponsoring cultural events, theatre, music, and writing workshops in Nilambur and surrounding areas.

## Personal life

Shoukath keeps his personal life private but is known to be married with children. He maintains an active social media presence, notably on Instagram, where he shares insights into his life and work.

## Awards and recognition

- **National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare** for Paadam Onnu: Oru Vilapam - Multiple Kerala State Film Awards for his contributions to cinema.
# 1865 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1865 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Sir Philip Wodehouse.
* Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal:
** John Maclean (until 25 July).
** Sir John Thomas (acting from 26 July to 25 August).
** Sir John Bisset (acting from 26 August).
* State President of the Orange Free State: Jan Brand.
* President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius.

## Events
### July

* 26 – Sir John Thomas becomes acting Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.

### August

* 26 – Sir John Bisset becomes acting Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.

### Date unknown

* Ostriches are domesticated.
* Economic depression hits South Africa.
* War breaks out for the second time between the Orange Free State and Basothos.

## Births

* 12 January – Jan F. E. Celliers, poet, writer and dramatist. (d. 1940)
* 20 August – Bernard Tancred, cricketer. (d. 1911)

## Deaths

* 13 August – Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg, second President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic. (b. 1818)
* Date unknown – Louw Wepener, military leader in the Orange Free State. (b. 1812)

## Railways
### Locomotives

* The Natal Railway Company obtains a 0-4-0 saddle-tank locomotive from Kitson and Company. The Natal Railway's second locomotive is named Durban.$^{:20}$