OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tobias Meinhart

Tobias Meinhart (born 1983 in Regensburg) is a German modern jazz soprano and tenor saxophonist and composer.
Meinhart, who grew up in Wörth an der Donau, came to his music through his grandfather, a contrabassist. He started playing the drums at the age of seven and switched to the saxophone at the age of 13. At the age of 17 he accompanied the Bob Brookmeyer Orchestra as a roadie on a tour to Portugal. He first studied at the Music College in Basel with Domenic Landolf, and went on to pursue his diploma studies at the Conservatorium of Amsterdam and the Berne College of Art.
Since 2008, Meinhart has been conducting his own quartet, with which he released a first album. Further albums followed, including a live recording of a concert, which he gave in 2012 with the quintet-expanded band at the Getxo Jazz Festival in Bilbao, Spain. Since August 2010, Meinhart has been living in New York City, where he completed a master's degree in Jazz Performance at Queens College in 2012. He played with Aaron Goldberg and went on a concert tour with trumpeter Ingrid Jensen, releasing Natural Perception, his fourth album, with her, Phil Donkin and Jesse Simpson in 2015. In autumn 2015, the band went on tour in Europe.
# Smart beta

Smart beta investment portfolios are long-only rules-based investment strategies that aim to outperform a capitalization-weighted benchmark. A comprehensive analysis of smart beta strategies has found that smart beta strategies have underperformed by 1% on average since launch.
The term smart beta was originally coined by Willis Towers Watson in 2006 referring to the fundamental index.

## Demand for smart beta

Smart beta strategies have generated considerable interest from institutional investors in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. According to ETF.com, as of April 2019 there was approximately $880 billion invested in smart beta funds. The increase in demand has led to an increase in the number of products and there are more than 1000 smart beta ETFs on the market today. The demand/growth does not appear to be slowing down; in the 12-month period ending February 2019 77 new smart beta ETFs launched accounting for roughly 1/3 of all ETFs launched in the 12 month period. According to Morningstar, there were 632 strategic-beta exchange traded products at the end of June 2020 with $869.7 billion in assets.

## Product landscape

Asset managers including BlackRock, Legg Mason, Henderson Rowe, Invesco and WisdomTree all operate smart beta funds. To identify which type of smart beta provides the best fit, qualified institutional investors need to understand the expected return and risk for each of their active, passive, and smart beta allocations.
Common factor based smart beta types revolve around the following ideas for optimization (source: FTSE):
* Liquidity: Amihud ratio – median ratio of absolute daily return to daily traded value over the previous year
* Momentum: residual Sharpe ratio
* Quality: composite of profitability (return on assets), efficiency (change in asset turnover), earnings quality (accruals) & leverage
* Size: full market capitalization
* Value: composite of trailing cash-flow yield, earnings yield and country relative sales to price ratio
* Volatility: standard deviation of five years of weekly (wed/wed) local total returns
* Fundamental Index (RAFI): index based on the fundamentals of enterprises, book value, revenue, cashflow and dividends.
# Pāguññatā

Pāguññatā (Pali) is a Buddhist term translated as "proficiency", and it is the basis for the following pair of mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings:
* Kāya-pāguññatā - proficiency of mental body (or proficiency of cetasikas)
* Citta-pāguññatā - proficiency of consciousness (or proficiency of citta)
These two mental factors have the characteristic of healthiness of the mental body and consciousness, respectively.

## Definition

Bhikkhu Bodhi states:
    The twofold proficiency has the characteristic of healthiness of the mental body and consciousness, respectively. Its function is to crush unhealthiness of the mental body and consciousness. It is manifested as absence of disability. Its proximate cause is the mental body and consciousness. It should be regarded as opposed to lack of faith, etc., which cause unhealthiness of the mental body and consciousness.
Nina van Gorkom explains:
    According to the Dhammasangani (par 48, 49) this pair of cetasikas consists in fitness, competence and efficiency. Pāguññatā is fitness, competence or efficiency in the performance of kusala.
    The Atthasālinī (I, Book I, Part IV, Chapter I, 131) explains that proficiency of cetasikas and of citta suppress mental illness and that they are the opponents of the corruptions, such as diffidence, which cause mental illness.
    When the citta is akusala citta, there is diffidence, lack of confidence in kusala and then there is mental sickness. Mental proficiency assists the kusala citta and then citta and cetasikas are healthy and skilful so that they can perform their functions in the most efficient way.
# Robert Semple

Robert Semple may refer to:
* Robert Sample (died 1719), or Semple, pirate who left Edward England to sail the Caribbean
* Robert Semple (activist) (1841–1920), Scottish poet and temperance activist
* Robert Semple (fur trader) (1777–1816), governor of the Red River Colony in Canada
* Robert Semple (Medal of Honor) (1887–1943), Medal of Honor recipient
* Robert B. Semple (1806–1854), California newspaperman and politician, who helped found Benicia, California
* Robert B. Semple Jr. (born 1936), 1996 Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and editor
* Bob Semple (1873–1955), New Zealand politician
* Robert James Semple, Irish missionary, first husband of Aimee Semple McPherson
# Heinrich Christoph Kolbe

Heinrich Christoph Kolbe (2 April 1771 – 16 January 1836) was a German painter. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

## Life

Kolbe was born and died in Düsseldorf. After his education at the 'old' Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, and then went to Paris for ten years to study. He was part of the circle of Friedrich Schlegel and worked on the review "Europa". He later worked in the studio of François Gérard. In 1811 he returned to Düsseldorf, becoming the favorite portraitist of the Rhineland, painting 60 portraits in Barmen and Elberfeld alone. His subjects in Weimar included Goethe, Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and two of Charles Augustus's mistress Karoline Jagemann. From 1822 he was a professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy, but he left in 1832 after a long dispute with the new director Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow. He died in Düsseldorf in 1836 after a long illness.

## Works

* Johann Caspar Engels [de]
* Portrait of a woman
* Alwine and Robert Uellenberg
* Goethe
# 182 (number)

182 (one hundred [and] eighty-two) is the natural number following 181 and preceding 183.

## In mathematics

* 182 is an even number
* 182 is a composite number, as it is a positive integer with a positive divisor other than one or itself
* 182 is a deficient number, as the sum of its proper divisors, 154, is less than 182
* 182 is a member of the Mian–Chowla sequence: 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, 21, 31, 45, 66, 81, 97, 123, 148, 182
* 182 is a nontotient number, as there is no integer with exactly 182 coprimes below it
* 182 is an odious number
* 182 is a pronic number, oblong number or heteromecic number, a number which is the product of two consecutive integers (13 × 14)
* 182 is a repdigit in the D'ni numeral system (77), and in base 9 (222)
* 182 is a sphenic number, the product of three prime factors
* 182 is a square-free number
* 182 is an Ulam number
# A Sầu Valley

The A Shau Valley (Vietnamese: thung lũng A Sầu) is a valley in Vietnam's Huế, along the border of Laos. The valley runs north and south for 40 kilometers and is a 1.5-kilometer-wide flat bottomland covered with tall elephant grass, flanked by two densely forested mountain ridges whose summits vary in elevation from 900 to 1,800 meters. A Shau Valley was one of the key entry points into South Vietnam for men and material brought along the Ho Chi Minh trail by the North Vietnamese Army and was the scene of heavy fighting during the Vietnam War. The A Shau Valley is bisected lengthwise by Route 548. The Ho Chi Minh Highway now runs along the valley floor.
# How's Your Father?

How's Your Father? was a Yorkshire Television comedy series, starring the comedian Harry Worth, originally broadcast 1979–1980.
The series was created by Michael Ashton and Pam Valentine, who had co-created and written two of Yorkshire Television's other smash-hit sitcoms, You're Only Young Twice (1977–1981) and That's My Boy (1981–1986).

## Plot

Worth starred as middle-aged Harry Matthews, recently widowed, who was struggling to cope with his two teenage children.
The series ran for two series, 13 episodes in all, from February 1979 to August 1980.

## Episodes
### Series 1

* "The Older Woman" (27 February 1979)
* "Trouble With Shirley" (6 March 1979)
* "The Dress, The Shirt And The Mower" (13 March 1979)
* "Harry Gets Out More" (20 March 1979)
* "Who Wants To Move?" (27 March 1979)
* "Wedding Bells" (3 April 1979)

### Series 2

* "The Disco" (18 July 1980)
* "Help!" (25 July 1980)
* "The One That Got Away" (1 August 1980)
* "Rag Week" (8 August 1980)
* "Fantasy Time" (15 August 1980)
* "The Promotion" (22 August 1980)
* "Every Picture Tells A Story" (29 August 1980)
# Michael Trick

Michael Alan Trick is an operations researcher who studies combinatorial optimization, and is known for his work on sports scheduling, transportation scheduling, and social choice. He is the Harry B. and James H. Higgins Professor of Operations Research in the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), and dean of Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar.
Trick earned a bachelor's degree in combinatorics and optimization and computer science from the University of Waterloo in 1982, a master's degree in operations research from the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in 1984, and a PhD in industrial and systems engineering from Georgia Tech in 1987. His dissertation, Networks with Additional Structured Constraints, was jointly supervised by John Bartholdi and H. Donald Ratliff. After postdoctoral research at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications in Minneapolis and the Institut für Ökonometrie und Operations Research at the University of Bonn, he joined the CMU faculty in 1989. He became the Bosch Professor of Operations Research in 2003, and the Higgins Professor in 2012.
Trick founded the online operations research news site, INFORMS Online, in 1995. He was president of INFORMS in 2002. In 2006, he was elected as a fellow of INFORMS. He won the George E. Kimball Medal of INFORMS in 2009.
# Zelda Zabinsky

Zelda Barbara Zabinsky is an industrial engineer and operations researcher specializing in the application of global optimization to logistics. She is a professor of industrial engineering at the University of Washington, where she also holds adjunct positions in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil and environmental engineering.

## Education and career

Zabinsky did her undergraduate studies at the University of Puget Sound, majoring in mathematics with a minor in biology. Her interests from this time include optimization of transportation as well as predator-prey dynamics. After graduating, she worked at the National Marine Fisheries Service and Boeing before following her husband to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where she worked on applications of operations of research to health care at Vector Research, now part of the Altarum Institute. She completed her Ph.D. in industrial and operations engineering at the University of Michigan. Her 1985 dissertation, Computational Complexity of Adaptive Algorithms in Monte Carlo Optimization, was supervised by Robert L. Smith. She joined the University of Washington faculty in 1985.

## Book

Zabinsky is the author of the book Stochastic Adaptive Search in Global Optimization (Kluwer, 2004).

## Recognition

Zabinsky is a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers, elected in 2009. She was elected to the 2019 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, for "fundamental contributions in developing theory and algorithms for global optimization, with significant applications in engineering design, health care, and numerous other fields, and substantial impacts in education and service".
# Sol (colloid)

A sol is a colloidal suspension made out of tiny solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Sols are stable, so that they do not settle down when left undisturbed, and exhibit the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by the particles in the colloid. The size of the particles can vary from 1 nm - 100 nm. Examples include amongst others blood, pigmented ink, cell fluids, paint, antacids and mud.
Artificial sols can be prepared by two main methods: dispersion and condensation. In the dispersion method, solid particles are reduced to colloidal dimensions through techniques such as ball milling and Bredig's arc method. In the condensation method, small particles are formed from larger molecules through a chemical reaction.
The stability of sols can be maintained through the use of dispersing agents, which prevent the particles from clumping together or settling out of the suspension. Sols are often used in the sol-gel process, in which a sol is converted into a gel through the addition of a crosslinking agent.
In a sol, solid particles are dispersed in a liquid continuous phase, while in an emulsion, liquid droplets are dispersed in a liquid or semi-solid continuous phase.
# 1910 Washington football team

The 1910 Washington football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington as a member of the Northwest Conference during the 1910 college football season. In its third season under coach Gil Dobie, the team compiled a 6–0 record with a mark of 4–0 in conference play, winning the Northwest Conference title, shut out five of six opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 150 to 8. Huber Grimm was the team captain.
Bill Libby chose Washington as the 1910 national champion in his book, Champions of College Football.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 8 | Lincoln High School* | Denny FieldSeattle, WA | W 20–0 | 1,500 |
| October 15 | at Puget Sound* | Tacoma, WA | W 51–0 | 1,500 |
| October 22 | Whitman | Denny FieldSeattle, WA | W 12–8 | 4,500 |
| November 5 | Idaho | Denny FieldSeattle, WA | W 29–0 | 1,500 |
| November 12 | vs. Washington State | Recreation ParkSpokane, WA (rivalry) | W 16–0 | 2,600 |
| November 24 | Oregon Agricultural | Denny FieldSeattle, WA | W 22–0 | 6,000 |
| *Non-conference gameSource: ||||||
# Battle of Dawan Cheng

The Battle of Dawan Cheng (Chinese: 達坂城之戰) of 1934 occurred when Gen. Ma Zhongying's Chinese Muslim New 36th Division encountered a Soviet Russian Army armoured car column. The New 36th Division was withdrawing, chased by White Russian and Mongol troops and Chinese forces allied with them. The New 36th Division wiped out nearly the entire column, after engaging the Russians in fierce, sometimes hand-to-hand combat, and knocked the wrecked Russian armored cars down the mountain. When a White Russian force showed up, Ma Zhongying withdrew.
# Eddy Bouwmans

Eddy Bouwmans (born 30 January 1968) is a Dutch former road bicycle racer. Bouwmans currently works as a Hospitality Coordinator for UCI WorldTeam Visma–Lease a Bike.

## Career

In 1989 at the Tour DuPont Bouwmans finished third in the opening time-trial less than four seconds behind the winner. Bouwmans won the young rider classification in the 1992 Tour de France. He finished fourteenth in the Tour that year. In 1996 Bouwmans came ninth at the Tour of Austria.

## Doping admission

In 2013 Bouwmans admitted to having used testosterone and cortisone as a professional rider. He also admitted to have had three injections of EPO in 1994.

## Major results

Sources:

### 1989

    1st Flèche Ardennaise
    3rd Ronde van Limburg

### 1990

    5th Overall Étoile de Bessèges
    5th Overall Vuelta a Asturias
    7th Overall Tour de Suisse
    7th Overall Vuelta a Burgos
    7th Overall Tour de l'Avenir

### 1991

    6th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
    6th Overall Tour de Suisse
    9th Overall Tour of Britain

### 1992

    Tour de France
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stage 4 (TTT)
    3rd Clásica de San Sebastián
    5th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
    10th Overall Tour de Suisse
    10th Brabantse Pijl

### 1993

    1st Classique des Alpes
    1st Stage 4 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
    3rd Overall Vuelta a Murcia
    3rd Eschborn–Frankfurt
    4th Overall Tour de Suisse
    5th Arnhem–Veenendaal Classic
    7th Trophée des Grimpeurs
    9th Grand Prix d'Isbergues

### 1994

    1st Stage 1 Critérium International
    1st Stage 3 Tour du Limousin
    7th Japan Cup

### 1996

    2nd Trofeo Luis Puig
    2nd Seraing-Aachen-Seraing
    5th Grand Prix de Wallonie
    8th Overall Vuelta a Mallorca
    9th Overall Tour of Austria

### 1997

    1st Overall ZLM Tour
    7th Overall Tour of Austria

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | 14 | 45 | — | 45 |
| Vuelta a España | 41 | — | — | — | 27 |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# System (journal)

System is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the applications of educational technology and applied linguistics to problems of foreign language teaching and learning. It was established in 1973 and has been published by Elsevier since 1991. Until 2013, the journal published four issues per year. In 2014, it published six issues, and since 2015 it has published eight issues per year. Since October 2019 (volume 85), articles have been published electronically only, with article number identifiers in place of page numbers.

## Impact

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2023 impact factor of 4.9, ranking it 3rd out of 297 journals in the category "Linguistics" and 15th out of 756 journals in the category "Education & Educational Research".

## Editors

As of January 2025, the editors-in-chief, in alphabetical order, are Idoia Elola (Texas Tech University), Mairin Hennebry-Leung (The University of Melbourne), Jim McKinley (UCL Institute of Education, University of London), and Yongyan Zheng (Fudan University).

### Former editors

* Lluïsa Astruc, The Open University
* James A. Coleman, The Open University
* Norman Davies (founding editor 1973-2010), Linköping University
* Xuesong (Andy) Gao, The University of New South Wales
* Marta González-Lloret, The University of Hawaii at Manoa
* Regine Hampel, The Open University
* Sarah Mercer, University of Graz
* Ursula Stickler, The Open University
* Lawrence Jun Zhang, The University of Auckland
# 2-Chloro-m-cresol

2-Chloro-m-cresol is a chlorinated cresol. The compound is difficult to synthesise as chlorination of m-cresol yields the para-product (4-chloro-3-methylphenol). Historically synthesis has been achieved via a para-selective nitration, followed by conversion to a diazonium compound and a Sandmeyer reaction to insert the chlorine into the 2-position.

## Related compounds

* 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (PCMC) - similar structure
* 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (PCMX) - similar structure
# Francisco Caraballo

Francisco Daniel Caraballo (born October 21, 1973) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball first baseman. He played for the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

## Career

Caraballo signed with the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball as an amateur free agent. He spent seven years in Minor League Baseball in the Astros' organization. He was promoted to the Class AA Texas League, but did not appear in MLB for the Astros, who released Caraballo during spring training in 2008. Caraballo signed with the Worcester Tornadoes of the Canadian-American Association, an independent baseball league, for the 2008 season.
Caraballo played in the Kyushu Island League, an independent league in Japan, in 2009. He made his NPB debut with Orix in 2010, registering a .242 batting average and seven home runs in 124 at bats across 40 games played. He was limited by injuries in 2011, and was released by Orix. Caraballo played in the Canadian-American Association in 2012. He returned to Japan in 2013, playing for the Gunma Diamond Pegasus of the Baseball Challenge League (BCL), and led the league with 24 home runs and 63 runs batted in (RBIs). He won the BCL Triple Crown in 2014, as he led the league in batting average (.396), home runs (33), and RBIs (87). His 33 home runs and 87 RBIs set BCL single-season records. In 2015, he returned to Orix after a tryout.
# United States Naval Hospital Beaufort

Naval Hospital Beaufort is a United States Navy hospital located in Beaufort, South Carolina.

## History

Commissioned on April 29, 1949, the hospital is one of only a handful of its kind that sits within its own complex rather than within a larger base. It takes its name from Beaufort, the larger community north of Port Royal that is commonly associated with military installations in the Lowcountry region.

## Function

NH Beaufort serves nearby Marine Corps bases MCRD Parris Island and MCAS Beaufort, including the housing area of Laurel Bay.
# University Hospitals Portage Medical Center

University Hospitals Portage Medical Center is a 117-staffed-bed hospital located in Ravenna, Ohio, United States, that serves the residents of Portage County and surrounding communities. Affiliated with University Hospitals of Cleveland, the hospital includes an urgent care facility, surgery center, comprehensive imaging facilities, and a network of physician practices. It offers surgical, women's and emergency services, as well as cancer and respiratory care. It was founded in 1894 as White Hospital and became the Portage County Hospital in 1917. From 1932 to 2015 it was known as Robinson Memorial Hospital.
UH Portage Medical Center is recognized as one of the best places to work in Northeast Ohio by the Employers Resource Council since 2003 and has been re-designated as a Magnet hospital by the American Nurses Credentialing Center. Magnet recognizes quality patient care and nursing excellence and provides consumers with the ultimate benchmark to measure the quality of care they can expect to receive.
In 2012, the hospital received Medical Excellence Awards from The Delta Group CareChex Quality Rating System in the categories of cardiac care, women's health and overall medical care. In that same year, it also obtained a three-year re-accreditation Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations for home health, hospice and all ambulatory sites.

## Recognition and honors

* Designated as a Magnet Hospital.
* Received Medical Excellence Awards from The Delta Group CareChex Quality Rating System in the categories of cardiac care, women’s health and overall medical care.
* Obtained accreditation from the Joint Commission, including home health, hospice and all ambulatory sites.