# Legislature XII of Italy

The Legislature XII of Italy (Italian: XII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996. Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994. This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.
This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (Italian: Seconda Repubblica), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.
This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.

## Government

| Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Party | Term of office | Term of office | Government | Composition |
| Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Party | Took office | Left office | Government | Composition |
| | | Silvio Berlusconi (b. 1936) | Forza Italia | 10 May 1994 | 17 January 1995 | Berlusconi I | FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC (PdL–PBG) |
| | | Lamberto Dini (b. 1931) | Independent | 17 January 1995 | 17 May 1996 | Dini | Independents (Technocratic cabinet) |

## Composition
### Chamber of Deputies

* President: Irene Pivetti (LN), elected on 16 April 1994
* Vice Presidents: Luciano Violante (PDS), Adriana Poli Bortone (AN, until 25 May 1994), Lorenzo Acquarone (PPI), Vittorio Dotti (FI, until 9 November 1994), Ignazio La Russa (AN, from 25 May 1994)
Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies :
| Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition |
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change |
| | Progressives – Federative | Progressives – Federative | 143 | | Progressives – Federative | Progressives – Federative | 164 | 21 |
| | Northern League | Northern League | 118 | | Northern League | Northern League | 71 | 47 |
| | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 112 | | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 110 | 2 |
| | National Alliance – MSI | National Alliance – MSI | 109 | | National Alliance | National Alliance | 105 | 4 |
| | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | 39 | | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | 24 | 15 |
| | Italian People's Party | Italian People's Party | 33 | | Italian People's Party | Italian People's Party | 27 | 6 |
| | Christian Democratic Centre | Christian Democratic Centre | 27 | | Christian Democratic Centre | Christian Democratic Centre | 42 | 15 |
| | | | | | Federalists and Liberal Democrats | Federalists and Liberal Democrats | 28 | 28 |
| | | | | | The Democrats | The Democrats | 21 | 21 |
| | Mixed | Mixed | 49 | | Mixed | Mixed | 36 | 13 |
| | | Linguistic Minorities | 4 | | | Linguistic Minorities | 4 | |
| | | Democratic Alliance | 17 | | | | | 17 |
| | | Italian Socialist Party | 14 | | | | | 14 |
| | | Segni Pact | 9 | | | | | 9 |
| | | | | | | Unitarian Communists | 14 | 14 |
| | | Non inscrits | 5 | | | Non inscrits | 18 | 13 |
| Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 630 | Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 628 | 2 |

### Senate of the Republic

* President: Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (FI), elected on 16 April 1994
* Vice Presidents: Carlo Rognoni (PDS), Michele Pinto (PPI), Marcello Staglieno (LN), Romano Misservile (AN)
Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic :
| Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition |
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change |
| | Progressives – Federative | Progressives – Federative | 76 | | Progressives – Federative | Progressives – Federative | 74 | 2 |
| | Lega Nord | Lega Nord | 60 | | Lega Nord | Lega Nord | 40 | 20 |
| | National Alliance – Italian Social Movement | National Alliance – Italian Social Movement | 48 | | National Alliance | National Alliance | 47 | 1 |
| | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 36 | | Forza Italia | Forza Italia | 36 | |
| | Italian People's Party | Italian People's Party | 34 | | Italian People's Party | Italian People's Party | 22 | 12 |
| | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | 18 | | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | Communist Refoundation – Progressives | 14 | 4 |
| | Progressives – Greens – The Network | Progressives – Greens – The Network | 13 | | Progressives – Greens – The Network | Progressives – Greens – The Network | 7 | 6 |
| | Christian Democratic Centre | Christian Democratic Centre | 12 | | Christian Democratic Centre | Christian Democratic Centre | 15 | 3 |
| | Progressive – PSI | Progressive – PSI | 10 | | Labour – Socialist – Progressive | Labour – Socialist – Progressive | 10 | |
| | | | | | Crossed Shield | Crossed Shield | 13 | 13 |
| | | | | | Democratic Left | Democratic Left | 10 | 10 |
| | | | | | Federalist Italian League | Federalist Italian League | 10 | 10 |
| | Mixed | Mixed | 19 | | Mixed | Mixed | 27 | 8 |
| | | South Tyrolean People's Party | 3 | | | South Tyrolean People's Party | 3 | |
| | | Non inscrits | 16 | | | Non inscrits | 24 | 8 |
| Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 326 | Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 325 | 1 |
Notes
* Of the 315 elected senators, 11 Senators for life were added at the beginning of the term distributed as follows:
** 3 from the Partito Popolare Italiano: Giulio Andreotti, Carlo Bo, Amintore Fanfani
** 1 from the group Progressisti – PSI: Francesco De Martino
** 7 with no affiliation: Gianni Agnelli, Norberto Bobbio, Francesco Cossiga, Giovanni Leone, Giovanni Spadolini (died in August 1994), Paolo Emilio Taviani, Leo Valiani

#### Senators for Life

| Senator | Motivation | Appointed by | From | Till |
| Amintore Fanfani | Merits in the social field | President Giovanni Leone | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Giovanni Leone | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Leo Valiani | Merits in the social field | President Sandro Pertini | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Carlo Bo | Merits in the literary field | President Sandro Pertini | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Norberto Bobbio | Merits in the social and scientific field | President Sandro Pertini | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Giovanni Spadolini | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | 4 August 1994 (deceased) |
| Gianni Agnelli | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Giulio Andreotti | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Francesco De Martino | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Paolo Emilio Taviani | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Francesco Cossiga | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | Next legislature |