OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clan Elphinstone

Clan Elphinstone is a Lowland Scottish clan.

## History
### Origins of the clan

The 'de Erth' family took their name from the lands of Airth which lie close to the barony of Plean in Stirlingshire. This family probably erected the first Plean Castle. The de Erth family ended in an heiress, and lands that were acquired by her husband near Tranent near East Lothian were probably named after the heiress's family. The name first appears in about 1235 in East Lothian in a deed by Alanus de Swinton in which a mention is made of the name 'de Elfinstun'. It is likely that de Swinton's son, John, who owned the lands, went on to become John de Elfinstun.
There is a family tradition however, that claims that the family are descended from Flemish knights (or one knight) called Helphenstein. Another theory suggests that the name is derived from Old English Alpins tun ("the farmstead of Alpin").

### 14th, 15th and 16th centuries

Sir John de Elfinstun married Margaret of Seton who was a niece of Robert the Bruce. One of John's descendants was William Elfinstun who became rector of Kirkmichael (St. Michael's Church) in Glasgow. William studied Civil and Canon Law in Paris and he eventually became Professor of Law at that university. He also became Bishop of Aberdeen in 1484 and later Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. William later obtained a bull from Pope Alexander VI in 1494 for founding the University of Aberdeen.
A cousin of bishop William was Sir Alexander Elphinstone who was created Lord Elphinstone by James IV of Scotland. Alexander and the king were together killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. Alexander's son, another Alexander Elphinstone, was killed at the Battle of Pinkie in 1547.
In 1599 the fourth Lord Elphinstone was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Scotland.

### 18th century and Jacobite risings

A cadet branch of the Clan Elphinstone were the Lords Balmerino. They were staunch Jacobites and the sixth Lord Balmerino was captured after the Battle of Culloden and beheaded in August 1746.
The eleventh Lord Elphinstone was lieutenant governor of Edinburgh Castle.

### 19th and 20th centuries

One of the eleventh Lord's younger brothers was George Keith Elphinstone who was a distinguished naval officer. He served on ships that protected the British shipping off the east coast of America. He was created Baron Keith which was promoted to the rank of Viscount in 1814. The Viscount's nephew was William George Elphinstone who was a colonel at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. He was later promoted to commander-in-chief of the Bengal army in 1837 and led the disastrous Afghan campaign of 1841.

## Clan Chief

The present Chief of Clan Elphinstone is Alexander Lord Elphinstone who succeeded his father in 1994 at the age of 14.

## Clan Castles

* Elphinstone Tower, East Lothian
* Elphinstone Tower, Falkirk
* Plean Castle
# Stephen T. Pyke

Stephen Thomas Pyke (1916-1985) was a political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland Centre in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Progressive Conservative member from 1953 to 1968.
He was born in Springhill, Nova Scotia, the son of Ebenezer Pyke and Millicent Baggs. Pyke served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II. In 1940, he married Eleanor Martin. They had five children: Charles, David, Stephen, Jerry, and Joanne. Pyke served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of Labour from 1956 to 1962 and as Minister of Highways from 1962 to 1968.
Stephen Pyke died in Dartmouth Nova Scotia in 1985.
# Toral Bayramov

Toral Bayramov (born 23 February 2001, Lankaran) is an Azerbaijani footballer who plays as a left-back or a for Qarabağ FK in the Azerbaijan Premier League and the Azerbaijan national football team.

## Club career

Bayramov made his debut for Qarabağ on 23 September 2019, in the Azerbaijan Premier League match against Zira.

## International career

He made his debut for Azerbaijan national football team on 27 May 2021 in a friendly against Turkey.

## Honours

Qarabağ
* Azerbaijan Premier League: 2019–20 2021–22 2022–23

## International goals

    Scores and results list Azerbaijan's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 13 October 2023 | Lilleküla Stadium, Tallinn, Estonia | Estonia | 1–0 | 2–0 | UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying |
| 2. | 11 June 2024 | Haladás Sportkomplexum, Szombathely, Hungary | Kazakhstan | 3–2 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 3. | 11 October 2024 | Lilleküla Stadium, Tallinn, Estonia | Estonia | 1–1 | 1–3 | 2024–25 UEFA Nations League |
| 4. | 14 October 2024 | Tofiq Bahramov Republican Stadium, Baku, Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 1–1 | 1–3 | 2024–25 UEFA Nations League |
# Sven Kubis

Sven Kubis (born 29 May 1975 in Altdöbern) is a German footballer who plays for Wacker Cottbus-Ströbitz.
Kubis made one appearance in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga for FC Energie Cottbus during his playing career.
# 1944 Rose Bowl

The 1944 Rose Bowl was the thirtieth edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Saturday, January 1. This was the first Rose Bowl game featuring teams from the same conference (Pacific Coast), with the only other occurrence taking place during the 2025 game. This was due to the travel restrictions imposed by the war effort. It determined the champion of the PCC for the 1943 season, and the USC Trojans shut out the Washington Huskies 29–0 in a one-sided game.
USC backup quarterback Jim Hardy threw three touchdown passes to lead the Trojans to their seventh Rose Bowl victory and eighth PCC championship.
For the first time, the Rose Bowl was broadcast on the radio abroad to all American servicemen, with General Eisenhower in Western Europe allowing all troops who were not on the front lines to tune in and listen.

## Teams
### Washington Huskies

Favored Washington won all four of its games in an abbreviated season without any PCC matchups, as the other five programs in the Northern Division were on hiatus in 1943 (and 1944). They played Whitman College, Spokane Air Command (twice), and the March Field Flyers. The Rose Bowl was the Huskies' sole conference game of the season; the three teams of the Southern Division (USC, UCLA and California) played each other twice; Stanford was on hiatus until the 1946 season.
Washington's most recent game was two months earlier on October 30, and they had lost a dozen players to active military duty since, including two of their best backs, Jay Stoves (a transfer from idle Washington State) and Pete Susick. Head coach Ralph Welch filled roster holes with Navy V-12 trainees and draft rejects who recently arrived at campus, leaving only 28 players available for the game. Oddsmakers made the Huskies two-touchdown favorites to beat USC, but the fielded team differed greatly from that of the regular season.

### USC Trojans
## Scoring
### First quarter

    No scoring

### Second quarter

* USC – George Callanan, 11-yard pass from Jim Hardy (Dick Jamison kick good); USC leads 7–0

### Third quarter

* USC – Callanan, 10-yard pass from Hardy (Jamison kick good); USC leads 14–0
* USC – Gordon Gray, 21-yard pass from Hardy (Jamison kick blocked); USC leads 20–0

### Fourth quarter

* USC – Gray, 36-yard pass from Ainslie Bell (Jamison kick good); USC leads 27–0
* USC – Gerry Austin’s punt blocked and rolled into the end zone for a safety; USC leads 29–0
# Luke Gower

Luke Erin Gower is a member of the Australian progressive rock band Cog (1998–2010, 2016–present). He plays bass and sings background vocals. Gower's oldest brother, Flynn Gower, is their lead singer and guitarist. Gower and Flynn formed a group, the Occupants, which issued a single, "I've Been Thinking" (April 2013) and an extended play, Hindsight (November 2014).

## Biography

Luke Gower grew up in Sydney and is the youngest of three brothers; Flynn Gower is the oldest. Gower joined his brother's progressive rock band, Cog, in 2000, initially as their live bass guitarist. He later joined as permanent bassist and played on two of their albums, The New Normal (2005) and Sharing Space (2008) and some of their extended plays including, Open Up (2003). The latter includes the band's cover version of the 1993 song by Leftfield featuring John Lydon. Cog disbanded in 2010.
On 24 April 2013 Luke and Flynn Gower released a new single, "I've Been Thinking", under a project name, the Occupants. It was recorded late 2012 at Rocking Horse Studios in Byron Bay; Forrester Savell produced the track with Troy Wright on drums. Soon after Leigh Davies joined the group, which issued a four-track EP, Hindsight, in November 2014 via Pavement Records. In February 2016 Cog reformed and undertook a reunion tour of Australia.
Luke is also an avid fisher, having previously held the title of Champion Angler at a contest in Exmouth, Western Australia.

## Equipment
### Bass guitars

Luke Gower uses a selection of Warwick basses. Currently, he uses four on tour:
** 4-string Thumb NT
** 5-string Thumb NT
** 4-string Streamer Stage 1
** 5-string Thumb Bolt-on.
He also has 2 Custom Shop Warwick Thumb NT four strings, one in Flame Maple and one in Karelian Birch that were received after the touring of Sharing Space. His first bass guitar in Cog was a Warwick FNA 4string.

### Amplifiers and effects

Gower plays Ashdown Amplifiers. Previously, he played a range of amplifiers. His rig includes an ABM 500 EVO III Head and an ABM500 EVO II Head, with another ABM500 EVOII as a spare. He uses two ABM810 Cabinets. He also uses a range of different effects including:
** Boss DD-20 Giga Delay (x2)
** Boss EQ-20 Graphic Equalizer
** Boss CE-5 Chorus Ensembble
** Little Lehle II Loop Switch (x2)
** Electro-Harmonix Sovtek Big Muff
** Dunlop Bass Wah
** Guyatone BB-X Flip Valve Bass Driver

## Discography
### Albums

* The New Normal (Difrnt Music/MGM Distribution, 2005) AUS#19
* Sharing Space (Difrnt Music/MGM Distribution, 2008) AUS#2
* Just Visiting (Destra Corporation, 2008)

### Singles and extended plays

* Pseudo (2000)
* Just Visiting Part One (Little Samurai/MGM Distribution, 2002)
* Just Visiting Part Two (Little Samurai/MGM Distribution, 2002)
* Open Up (Little Samurai/MGM Distribution, 2003)
* "Run" (Different Music/MGM Distribution, 2005)
* "Resonate"
* "Real Life"
* "What If" (2007) AUS#45
* "Bird of Feather" (2008)

### Videography

* "Paris, Texas" (2002)
* "Open Up" (2003)
* "My Enemy" (2005)
* "Run" (2005)
* "What If" (2007)
* "Bird of Feather" (2008)
* "Are You Interested?" (2008)
# Benjamin Berton

Benjamin Berton (born 1974, Valenciennes) is a French writer.

## Biography

Benjamin Berton graduated from the Institut d’études politiques de Paris and received a D.E.A. in social and cultural history. Sauvageons, a chronicle of the lives of northern teenagers who lack direction, won the prix Goncourt du premier roman in 2000 as well as the Prix littéraire de la vocation the same year. He lives in Le Mans, where the action of La Chambre à remonter le temps takes place.

## Works

* 2000: Sauvageons
* 2001: Classe Affaires
* 2004: Pirates
* 2007: Foudres de guerre
* 2009: Alain Delon est une star au Japon
* 2011: La Chambre à remonter le temps
* 2014: Le Nuage radioactif
* 2015: J'étais la terreur
# Sergio González (footballer, born 1997)

Sergio González Martínez (born 14 May 1997) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Tenerife as a central defender.

## Club career

Born in Cartagena, Murcia, González was a Cádiz CF youth graduate. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 17 May 2015, starting in a 2–3 Tercera División away loss against CD Mairena.
González made his first team debut on 15 May 2016, starting in a 1–0 away win against Real Jaén in the Segunda División B. His professional debut occurred on 11 January 2018 as he started in a 1–2 loss at Sevilla FC in the season's Copa del Rey.
On 9 July 2018, González signed a new three-year contract. He made his Segunda División debut on 23 February 2019, playing 12 minutes in a 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona.
On 21 January 2020, González renewed his contract with the Amarillos until 2023, and finished the campaign with 17 appearances for the first team as his side achieved promotion to La Liga. Definitely promoted to the main squad for 2020–21, he made his debut in the top tier on 12 September by starting in a 0–2 home loss against CA Osasuna.
Shortly after his top tier debut, however, González was separated from the first team squad, being unable to play for Cádiz. On 12 January 2021, he moved on loan to second division side CD Tenerife until the end of the campaign.
On 21 July 2021, González signed a permanent three-year contract with Tenerife.
# Salvador Castañeda Salcedo

Salvador Castañeda Salcedo (born 20 November 1957) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In the 2000 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the State of Mexico's 32nd district during the 58th session of Congress.
# Mlambo

Mlambo (Zulu pronunciation:) is a Zulu Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele surname. It can be related to the Zulu surnames Mtshali.
Notable people with this surname include:
* Dunstan Mlambo (born c. 1960), South African judge
* Johnson Mlambo (1940–2021), South African politician
* Lucas Mlambo (born 1959), Swazi painter
* Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka (born 1955), South African politician
* Sibongile Mlambo (born 1990), Zimbabwean actress
* Xolani Mlambo (born 1991), South African football player
# Schöma

Schöma is a company based in Diepholz, Germany, specialising in the construction of small diesel locomotives.
After Christoph Schöttler left his father's business, the Diepholzer Maschinenfabrik Fritz Schöttler (DIEMA), because of disagreements about the product range, in 1930 he founded his own machine factory, the Christoph Schöttler Maschinenfabrik GmbH, on the former premises of DIEMA. The company was first called SCHÖMAG for short, which was changed a few years later to Schöma. In the early years, Schöttler continued the production of mill machines and tractors, but soon started building rail vehicles.
Schöma soon became one of the most important manufacturers of field railways, mine railways, narrow-gauge diesel locomotives, and railway service vehicles. They also developed their own engines and transmissions, as well as a drive shaft for diesel locomotives. At the beginning of the 1960s, Schöma developed, in cooperation with the German Federal Railways, the heavy-duty Klv 53, and in the 1970s manufactured the Klv 54 vehicles.
In 1970, the construction of tunnel locomotives began; today they make up the majority of the locomotives produced by the company. They are used for the construction of subways, traffic tunnels, or supply tunnels. In addition to the tunnel locomotives, Schöma also manufactures shunting locomotives and locomotives for island railways in normal and narrow gauge. On the day of the 75th anniversary of the company, the 6000th locomotive was delivered. Many locomotives are one-offs. The company also handles the conversion of used locomotives.
Since May 19, 2011 a Schöma-Feldbahn locomotive, built in 1943 with an attached peat car, has sat in the middle of a roundabout on the highway between Vechta and Damme in Lohne (Oldenburg) - about seven kilometers away from Diepholz - where for decades peat was transported from the Südlohner Moor on the foothills of the Dammer mountains.
As of 2012, the fourth generation of the Schöttler family took over control of the company.

## Examples

| Tunnels where Schöma locomotives have been used: Gotthard Base Tunnel Eurotunnel Tunneling in Shanghai London Underground Tunneling in Madrid | Places where Schöma shunting locomotives are used: Sungshin Cement Plant, South Korea Weiacher Gravel Pit Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn Rhaetian Railway Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn Freiburger Verkehrs AG Delmenhorst-Harpstedter Eisenbahn | Museum and island railways with Schöma locomotives: Langeoog Borkum Spiekeroog Wangerooge Baltrum Berlin Park railway Chemnitz Park railway Bad Schwalbacher Kurbahn Pelion railway |

## Sources

* Andreas Christopher, Ulrich Völz: Die Feldbahn, Band 7: 75 Jahre SCHÖMA, Ingrid Zeunert, Gifhorn 2005, ISBN 3-924335-42-7 (Christoph Schöttler Maschinenfabrik 1930–2005)
* Dieter Holtbrügger:" Qualität made in Diepholz." In: eisenbahn-magazin 12/2012, S. 38f.
* Georg Thomas: "Gefragte Loks". In: Niedersächsische Wirtschaft 02/2014 S. 28
# Sanjay Singh Gangwar

Sanjay Singh Gangwar (born 10 April 1974) is an Indian politician and a member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Pilibhit since March 2017 representing Bharatiya Janata Party. He is also a Minister of State in Second Yogi Adityanath ministry.

## Controversy

On 17 December 2022, a special court in Pilibhit sentenced Sanjay Singh Gangwar to three months in jail for election code violations dating back to the 2012 assembly elections. Gangwar, a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) legislator from Pilibhit and former member of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), was fined Rs 2,000 for each of two cases. This conviction makes him the second minister in the Yogi 2.0 government to be found guilty. The court found Gangwar guilty under Section 127-A of the Representation of People’s Act, which prohibits the printing or publishing of election materials without proper identification of the printer or publisher. The cases stem from January 2012, when campaign materials were found in Pilibhit without the required information. Despite the conviction, the court granted Gangwar interim bail for 30 days, allowing him time to appeal under Section 389 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Singh made controversial claims, stating that cleaning and lying in cowsheds can cure cancer, and interacting with cows can significantly reduce blood pressure. During the inauguration of a cow shelter in his Pilibhit constituency, he said that petting cows could reduce a blood pressure patient’s medication dosage by half within 10 days. He also urged people to celebrate occasions like marriage anniversaries and children’s birthdays in cow shelters, encouraging them to donate fodder as well. Singh further claimed that lighting cow dung cakes could provide relief from mosquitoes.
# Juniperus drupacea

Juniperus drupacea, the Syrian juniper, is a species of juniper native to the eastern Mediterranean region from southern Greece (mount Parnon in the Peloponnese), southern Turkey, western Syria, Lebanon, and northern Israel, growing on rocky sites from 800–1,700 metres (2,600–5,600 feet) in altitude. The species is the sole member of Juniperus sect. Caryocedrus., which is sometimes recognised as genus Arceuthos.

## Description

Juniperus drupacea is the tallest species of juniper, forming a conical tree 10–25 metres (33–82 feet) tall, exceptionally up to 40 m (130 ft), and with a trunk up to 1–2 m (3+1⁄2–6+1⁄2 ft) thick. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three; the leaves are green, 5–25 millimetres (1⁄4–1 in) long and 2–3 mm broad, with a double white stomatal band (split by a green midrib) on the inner surface. It is usually dioecious, with separate male and female plants.
The seed cones are the largest of any juniper, berry-like but hard and dry, green ripening in about 25 months to dark purple-brown with a pale blue waxy coating; they are ovoid to spherical, 20–27 mm (3⁄4–1 in) long and 20–25 mm diameter, and have six or nine fused scales in 2–3 whorls, each scale with a slightly raised apex. The three apical scales each bear a single seed, but with the three seeds fused together into a single nut-like shell. The male cones are produced in clusters (unlike any other juniper) of 5–20 cones together, yellow, 3–4 mm long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in early spring.
* Foliage
* Branches in Israel
* Two views of a cone

## Taxonomy

Because of its distinct cones with the seeds fused three together and the clustered male cones, it has sometimes been treated in a distinct genus of its own as Arceuthos drupacea (Labill.) Antoine & Kotschy, but genetic studies have shown it is fairly closely related to J. macrocarpa and J. oxycedrus.
# Alan Moore's Hypothetical Lizard

Alan Moore's Hypothetical Lizard is a four-issue comic book adaptation of the World Fantasy Award-nominated short story "A Hypothetical Lizard", written in 1988 by Alan Moore for the third volume of the Liavek shared world fantasy series. The story was later reprinted in "Words Without Pictures", a 1990 book of prose stories by comics writers edited by Steve Niles, but then went out of print. In 2004 Avatar Press published the first issue of Alan Moore's Hypothetical Lizard as a comic book adapted by writer Antony Johnston.
The story describes the life of Som-Som, a prostitute in the House Without Clocks - a brothel designed to service rare and exotic tastes. Som-Som has undergone a corpus callosotomy, severing the connection between the two hemispheres of her brain; this, in conjunction with the porcelain mask attached to the right half of her face, and the thick glove on her right hand, destroys the connections between her thoughts and actions. Therefore, she can see and hear, but not speak of or act on, any secrets her wizard clientele may inadvertently reveal in the throes of passion. Consequently, Som-Som can only watch as her transsexual friend Rawra Chin is slowly destroyed by an abusive relationship.
# Federal Capital Territory Administration

The Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) is a Nigerian ministry that administers the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It is headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president, and assisted by a permanent secretary, who is a career civil servant.

## History
### Federal Capital Development Authority

The Federal Capital Development Authority was created in 1976 to oversee the infrastructural and physical development (planning, design and construction) of the FCT. Three years later, the Ministry of the Federal Capital Territory (MFCT) was created, and subsequently the two organisations largely merged. However the MFCT was superseded in 2004 with the establishment of the Federal Capital Territory Administration.

### Modern FCTA

The Federal Capital Territory Administration was created by President Olusegun Obasanjo on 31 December 2004 following the scrapping of the Ministry of the Federal Capital Territory (MFCT). Seven new Mandate Secretariats were created for Education, Transport, Agriculture and Rural Development, Health and Human Services, Social Development, Legal Services and Area Council. These secretariats were headed by non-career civil servants in an attempt to reduce administrative bottlenecks.

## Structure

Several agencies are funded by the FCTA, including the Abuja Environmental Protection Board, concerned with waste collection and disposal and other environmental matters; the Abuja Geographical Information System, which provides a geo-spatial data infrastructure and a one stop for all land matters for the FCT, used to facilitate land acquisition and collect all land related revenue for the FCT; the Abuja Metropolitan Management Council (AMMC) for various municipal services; the Federal Capital Development Authority; and others.

### Abuja Metropolitan Management Council

The Abuja Metropolitan Management Council (AMMC) was created in 2010 to be responsible for the efficient running and operation of municipal services within the FCT. It was created as a corporation and governed by a board of directors comprising the FCT minister as chairman, the executive secretary of the FCDA as vice chairman, a coordinator, and five other part-time members appointed by the minister. Members of the AMMC board may hold office for up to two periods of four years each, although they may be dismissed and replaced by the FCT minister at any time. The chief executive officer of the council has the title of Director-General, and is appointed by the president of Nigeria.
Departments of Parks and Recreation, Development Control, Facilities Maintenance and Management, Road Traffic Services, and Urban Affairs were created for the council at the time of the AMMC's creation.

## Minister for the FCT

The current minister responsible is Nyesom Wike, while the minister of state is Mariya Bunkure.