OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norton Field

Norton Field was an aviation landing field, located in Columbus, Ohio, that operated from 1923 until the early 1950s. It was the first airport established in Central Ohio, and was named for World War I pilot and star Ohio State University athlete Fred William Norton, a Columbus native. Lieutenant Norton, of the 27th Pursuit Squadron, died of injuries suffered when his Nieuport 28 was shot down in northern France by anti-aircraft artillery in July 1918. Although he managed to land safely behind Allied lines, it took two days to transport him to medical care during which time he contracted pneumonia, dying on 23 July 1918.

## History

Norton Field was located in an area southwest of present East Broad Street, Fairway Boulevard, and Hamilton Road in Whitehall, Ohio, just south of what is now John Glenn Columbus International Airport. It was dedicated on 30 June 1923, in a ceremony attended by top American ace and Columbus native Captain Eddie Rickenbacker. The flying field was established at the urging of Aero Club of Columbus, who lobbied the War Department for its creation. The 100-acre (40 ha) property, with dimensions of 2,000 by 2,250 feet (610 m × 690 m), received a 10-year lease, secured from Jim Lamp and paid for by the Pure Oil Company, according to Ohio Aviation News (Fall 2000). This property was then provided to the War Department. "For $1 a year as the community’s part of the deal, Norton Field was equipped by the War Department with 2 steel hangars, a fueling dock & a beacon light on a tower." The first delivery of air mail to Columbus occurred on the day of its dedication. Norton Field became the headquarters for the 308th Observation Squadron, made up of local reservists, many of whom were members of the Aero Club.
Many of aviation's early notables, including Charles Lindbergh, William “Billy” Mitchell, and James H. “Jimmy” Doolittle, flew from Norton Field. Curtis LeMay, later Air Force Chief of Staff and head of Strategic Air Command, trained here in 1931-1932. Norton Field served as headquarters for the red forces in the 1929 Army Air Corps maneuvers, known as the Great Ohio Air War. This mock war demonstrated the effectiveness of long-range bombing and aerial refueling as well as the first extensive use of radio in both air-to-air and air-to-ground communication.
Charles Lindbergh visited Norton Field on 29 May 1928 as a Technical Advisor for Transcontinental Air Transport, surveying a cross country train-plane route. He found the field to be too small for TAT’s needs and recommended the city build a larger facility adjacent to the tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This brought about the construction of Port Columbus in 1929. The U.S. Army relocated its operations to Port Columbus in June 1931.
During World War II, Norton Field served as a pilot training field with a civilian flight school operated by Mid West Aviation Corporation and a refueling and overnight stop for Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs).
Following World War II, it continued to serve as a general aviation airport until its acreage was sold for residential development in the early 1950s.
# Pekin, Iowa

Pekin is a small unincorporated community in northwestern Jefferson County, Iowa, United States.

## History

The Burlington and Western Railway arrived in Pekin in late 1882. This was a narrow gauge line, widened to standard gauge in 1902 and taken over by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and then sold to the Minneapolis and St. Louis in 1934. Pekin's population was 32 in 1902.
In 1909, Pekin was just one city block with a church and 14 vacant lots, a vacant block north of the Depot and passing siding. The lack of development may be due to the fact that Pekin was not much more than a mile (2 km) northwest of Linby, a village founded in 1902 at the point where a new Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul line crossed the Burlington and Western.
Pekin's population in 1925 was 109.

## Education

Pekin is the location of a regional school system, Pekin Community School District, which draws students from Hedrick, Martinsburg, Ollie, Packwood, Richland, and Farson, as well as from the surrounding countryside.
The school is built upon the former Linby Naval Outlying Landing Field (OLF # 07815 / Auxiliary Field #6 (Ottumwa)), built in 1943 for training purposes. This airfield was one of 15 satellite airfields used during WW2 by Naval Air Station Ottumwa, which conducted primary flight training from 1942 to 1947. There are four concrete runways in a diamond shape, each about 200' wide by 2000' long. Prevailing winds made take-off and landing difficult so it was little used. It was closed at some point between 1948 and 1955. Sale of the airport to the regional school system was contingent on the runways being retained in case the government ever needed them again. The high school was built on one of the runways and the first classes were in 1961. Today, some of the runways are used for school parking and maintenance equipment, and is also used for training practice for surrounding police departments.
The school teaches math, science, English, and other subjects common in public schools. For eighteen years, only the high school students went to the regional school, which is located a mile south of Pekin, but in 1978, all grades, K-12, began to study at the regional school, with local buildings being permanently closed.
# Piccolo Field

Piccolo Field, (Formerly: Eglin Air Force Auxiliary Field #5), is a closed United States Air Force field. It is located 9.3 miles northwest of Valparaiso, Florida.

## Overview

Auxiliary Field 5 is named Piccolo Field for Capt. Anthony D. Piccolo, who died in the crash of AT-6A-NT Texan, 41-16372, on 6 October 1942. Piccolo was the commanding officer of the 386th Single Engine Gunnery Training Squadron at Eglin.

## History

With the onset of World War II, the Eglin Field military reservation was greatly expanded when the Choctawhatchee National Forest was turned over to the War Department by the U.S. Forestry Service on 18 October 1940, and a series of auxiliary airfields were constructed from January 1941. The history of Piccolo Field is largely unknown, however in March 1942, the airfield was utilized for training by the Doolittle Raiders in preparation for their raid on Japan.
The airfield was apparently used during the late 1950s and early 1960s as part of the CIM-10 Bomarc program. Just north of the airfield are approximately 40 BOMARC Launch shelters, along with several support buildings, large lighting poles and the remains of a security fence (30°35′37″N 086°37′18″W﻿ / ﻿30.59361°N 86.62167°W﻿ / 30.59361; -86.62167). It is unknown if any missiles were located at the facility. It was likely abandoned in the early 1960s when BOMARC funding was ended.

### Current status

The airfield was incorporated into Eglin AFB on 9 October 1959 and was inactivated. However, the airfield remains under the jurisdiction of the 96th Air Base Wing (96 ABW) as part of the active Eglin base and is not accessible to the public. Today, it serves as a microwave station. A 60-foot radar antenna and some support buildings was installed on the north-south (36/18) runway in April 1961. A secondary site is located on the northeast end of the 05/23 runway. On most base maps, it is identified as Site C-4. A secure storage area is also located on the site.
# Pine Hill Airport (Massachusetts)

Pine Hill Airport was an airfield operational in the mid-20th century in Lancaster, Massachusetts.
# Pleasant Valley Airport

Pleasant Valley Airport (ICAO: P48) was a privately owned public-use airport located in Peoria, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The airport long since serviced small aircraft into the Lake Pleasant Regional Park area, however, in 2022 it was closed due to the lease for the land (on state Trust Land) not being renewed.

## Facilities and aircraft

Pleasant Valley Airport covered an area of 100 acres (40 ha) at an elevation of 1,580 feet (480 m) above mean sea level. It had four dirt runways:
* 5L/23R measuring 4,200 x 100 feet (1,280 x 30 m)
* 5C/23C measuring 4,200 x 100 feet (1,280 x 30 m)
* 5R/23L measuring 4,200 x 100 feet (1,280 x 30 m)
* 14/32 measuring 2,400 x 100 feet (732 x 30 m)
For the 12-month period ending April 24, 2008, the airport had 75,000 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 205 per day. At that time there were 19 aircraft based at this airport: 14 single-engine and 5 ultralight.
# Franz Gräffer

Franz Gräffer (6 January 1785 – 8 October 1852) was an Austrian librarian, bookseller and writer. He was a founder of the Österreichische National-Encyklopädie, regarded as the first comprehensive reference work about Austria.

## Life

Gräffer was born in Vienna in 1785; his father August Gräffer opened in 1790 a bookshop specializing in military books, and he wrote about military history. Franz in his early career joined his father's business. He later became librarian successively for Louis Bonaparte, for Moritz von Liechtenstein [de] and for Karl Borromäus von Harrach [fr]. Afterwards he opened an antiquarian bookshop and was a publisher, making unsuccessful plans to produce magazines. He also began the trade for autographs in Vienna.
He was a freelance writer, from 1812 writing numerous works about the cultural history and customs of Vienna, some published anonymously or pseudonymously. With Johann Jakob Czikann (1789–1855) he founded the Österreichische National-Encyklopädie (6 volumes, 1835–37), regarded as the first comprehensive reference work about Austria.
In later years he became mentally ill; he died impoverished in a mental hospital in 1852. His biographer in Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich wrote: "Gräffer was, in his innermost character, after all no businessman, but a scholar by calling, burdened with all the weaknesses and advantages of those often eccentric people."
# Union Airport (Nebraska)

Union Airport was a former civil airport and military airfield located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) north-northeast of Lincoln, Nebraska. Today the land formerly occupied by the airport is an agricultural industrial estate and fields.

## History

The airport was established in 1920 as the "Lincoln Airplane & Flying School", owned by E. J. Sias. The airport had two main runways, one 1,820-foot (13/31) and a 1,650-foot (17/35). In 1939 the site was chosen by the United States Army Air Corps to provide basic (level 1) flying training to flight cadets. It was assigned to the Gulf Coast Training Center (later Central Flying Training Command). Flying training was performed with Boeing PT-17 Stearmans assigned. The airport was expanded to a six-runway configuration with 2,400-foot 08/26; 2,100-foot 14;32; 2,000-foot 03/21; and 2,100-foot 17/35 sod runways, basically an all-direction grass field.
Military flight training ended on 30 June 1944 with the drawdown of AAFTC's pilot training program. It returned to civilian ownership, being transferred to the city of Lincoln in 1952 as a civil airport. It was operated as a general aviation airport until 1964. The airport closed when the city of Lincoln completed a 4,000-foot runway to allow joint military-civilian use of Lincoln Air Force Base.
# Val Verde County Airport

Val Verde County Airport is a former airport, located in Del Rio, Texas. Airport operations ended in 1959. Today the former airport is a residential site.

## History

The airport was established by the Air Service, United States Army in 1919 as a military airfield. It was constructed as a base for observation overflights along the Mexican Border. During this period, Mexico was enduring a period of revolution and unrest, which led to border violations and the deaths of American citizens.
Flight "A" of the 90th Squadron (Surveillance) arrived at Del Rio Field on 12 June 192with de Havilland DH-4 aircraft, and flew observation missions along the border. The 90th operated from Del Rio until the Border Patrol operation ended in June 1921.
The next use of the airfield was when the Department of Commerce refitted the facility as one of its network of Intermediate Landing Fields, which were established in the 1920s & 1930s to serve as emergency landing fields along commercial airways between major cities. It was opened in November 1937 as Val Verde County Airport. On September 26, 1942, during World War II, the airport was taken over by the United States Army Air Forces and used as a contract primary pilot training airfield under the AAF Gulf Coast Training Center (later Central Flying Training Command). Flying training was performed with Fairchild PT-19s as the primary trainer. Also had several PT-17 Stearmans and a few P-40 Warhawks assigned. The training school was inactivated at the end of the war, and the airport was returned to civil control on January 11, 1946.
During the postwar years, the airport remained dormant. It was re-activated by the United States Air Force in 1952 as an auxiliary landing airfield supporting the pilot training mission of Laughlin AFB. In 1958 it was re-designated Laughlin Service Annex, and was disposed of in 1959.
Val Verde County Airport was presumably never reused after that point for civilian aviation, undoubtedly caused by its proximity to Laughlin AFB. The land was sold to private developers and houses and streets began to be overlaid over the former airport. However, the runways remained visible in aerial photography over the years, with some of the runways being converted into streets. Today, some of the old runways remain abandoned but quite visible in aerial imagery.
# Debden Park High School

Debden Park High School is a mixed academy school situated in Loughton. The current headteacher is Helen Gascoyne, and the previous one, being Cristian Cavanagh, was appointed in April 2007, succeeding Michael Moore.
On average, there are 1050 students on roll.
# Weeksville, North Carolina

Weeksville is an unincorporated community in Pasquotank County, North Carolina, United States. It lies roughly midway on NC 344, at an elevation of 3 feet (0.9 m). The community is home to Weeksville Elementary School, a Methodist church, gas station, volunteer fire department, Lions Club chapter, and county recycling center.
Of historical significance are the facilities of the dirigible manufacturer TCom, located on the former grounds of Naval Air Station Weeksville. Two dirigible hangars, one steel and one wooden, were constructed at NAS Weeksville in 1942. The larger wooden hangar, one of the largest wooden structures in the world, succumbed to fire on August 3, 1995. The slightly smaller steel hangar, the Weeksville Dirigible Hangar, one of the world's largest steel structures, remains as of 2015.
During World War II, flight operations out of NAS Weeksville were instrumental in repelling German U-boat attacks on Allied merchant shipping along the Eastern Seaboard.
It is part of the Elizabeth City Micropolitan Statistical Area.
# Segregation

Segregation may refer to:

## Separation of people

* Geographical segregation, rates of two or more populations which are not homogenous throughout a defined space
* School segregation
* Housing segregation
* Racial segregation, separation of humans into racial groups in daily life
** Racial segregation in the United States
* Religious segregation, the separation of people according to their religion
* Residential segregation, the physical separation of two or more groups into different neighbourhoods
* Sex segregation, the physical, legal, and cultural separation of people according to their biological sex
* Occupational segregation, the distribution of people based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender, both across and within occupations and jobs
* Age segregation, separation of people based on their age and may be observed in many aspects of some societies
* Health segregation - see quarantine and isolation (health care)
* Segregation of inmates in prisons - see protective custody and solitary confinement.

## Separation of objects

* Segregation in materials, enrichment of a material constituent at a free surface or an internal interface of a material
* Particle segregation, tendency of particulate solids to segregate by size, density, shape, and other properties
* Magnetic-activated cell sorting, a method for separation of various cell populations depending on their surface antigens

## Other uses

* Segregate (taxonomy), created when a taxon is split off from another taxon
* Chromosome segregation, the process that occurs during cell division whereby chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite ends of the cell
* Mendel's law of segregation, observation in Mendelian inheritance that each parent passes only one allele to its offspring
* Security segregation, regulatory rules requiring that customer assets be held separate from assets of a brokerage firm, on the broker's books
* Segregated cycle facilities, marked lanes, tracks, shoulders and paths designated for use by bicyclists
* Trail segregation, the practice of designating certain trails as having a specific preferred or exclusive use
# Arnholdt Kongsgård

Arnholdt Kongsgård (23 November 1914 – 22 January 1991) was a Norwegian ski jumper who competed before World War II. He won a ski jumping bronze medal at the 1939 World Ski Championships in Zakopane. He had previously finished sixth at the 1938 World Ski Championships and eighth at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
Kongsgård was the second record holder of Vikersundbakken, holding the hill record from 1946 to 1951.
He represented the club Kongsberg IF.
# Richard Clarke (footballer, born 1979)

Richard D. J. Clarke (born 29 May 1979) is a Northern Irish former footballer who was most recently manager of Dergview. Clarke played as a central midfielder.

## Career
### Club career

Born in Castlederg, Clarke signed for Portadown in 1994, from amateur side Dungoyne Boys. He has appeared in European competition for Portadown, and won the Northern Ireland Football Writer's Association 'Young Player of the Year' award in 1999.
With Portadown, Clarke has won two leagues competitions and six cups.
Since 2009, Clarke has made over 60 appearances in the IFA for Portadown.

### International career

Clarke was a Northern Ireland under-21 international.
In February 2007, Clarke was a squad member for a Northern Ireland representative side which competed against an England representative side.

### Management career

Clarke was appointed player-manager of Dergview in June 2013. He resigned in January 2018.

## Personal life

Clarke is distantly related to his namesake and fellow footballer Richard Clarke.
Clarke had testicular cancer in 2012.

## Honours

Portadown
   * Irish League - 2001–02
   * Irish Cup - 1998-99, 2004–05
   * IFA Championship - 2008–09
   * Charity Shield - 1999–00
   * Co-Op Insurance Cup - 2008–09
   * Ivan Marshall Memorial Cup - 2004–05
   * Royal Mail Community Action Cup - 2003–04, 2004–05
# Pierre Samson

Pierre Samson (born 1958) is a Canadian writer. He was born in Montreal, Quebec and settled in Toronto, Ontario in 1995 where he wrote his first novel Messie de Belém. He returned to Montreal and published a second novel entitled Un garçon de compagnie (A boy of Company). All his novels have been published by Editions Les Herbes Rouges.
With Richard Blaimert, he is the screenwriter of the Radio-Canada television show Cover Girl (2005). He is a regular contributor to Montreal newspaper Le Devoir.

## Works

* Messie de Belém, 1995, novel
* Un garçon de compagnie, Les Herbes rouges, 1997, novel
* Il était une fois une ville, Les Herbes rouges, 1999 novel
* Alibi, Leméac, 2001, essay
* Catastrophes, Les Herbes rouges, 2007, novel
* Arabaseques, Les Herbes rouges, 2010, novel
* Lettres crues : Théâtre épistolaire de la littérature à l'époque des médias sociaux, L'Ouvroir, 2012, letters
* La maison des pluies, Les Herbes rouges, 2012, novel
* L'œil de cuivre, Les Herbes rouges, 2014, novel

## Honours

* 1998 – Governor General's Awards, finalist for Un garçon de compagnie
* 2000 – Governor General's Awards, finalist for Il était une fois une ville
* 2001 – The academy's prize for Il était une fois une ville
* 2008 – Prix littéraire des collégiens (College Literary Award) for Catastrophes
* 2013 – Grand Prix du livre de Montréal (Montreal Grand Prize for books) for La maison des pluies
# Tafadzwa Mufambisi

Tafadzwa Vintlane Mufambisi is a Zimbabwean cricketer born 17 December 1986, in Glen View who plays ODI cricket for Zimbabwe. He has previously represented Zimbabwe Under-19s and is a right-hand batsman and wicket-keeper.
# Dongfanghong BJ760

The Dongfanghong BJ760 (Chinese: 东方红) is an executive sedan produced by BAW. Development started as a licensed copy of the GAZ-21 Volga with assistance from the Soviets sharing chassis units, drawings and blueprints for reference, and was produced from 1960 to 1969 with a total of 238 units produced. It replaced the Jinggangshan sedan by BAW. During development, the car was named Xinghuo 76 (Spark 76), but was later changed to Dongfanghong for the production version. The name Dongfanghong means "The East is Red" and refers to a patriotic song of the Chinese Communist Party. The name has been used by multiple companies for branding and product names.

## History

In 1958, the Great Leap Forward campaign began in China, the goal of which was to catch up with China's lagging behind Western countries. The consequences of this initiative also affected the automotive sector and since 1958, several Chinese factories began to produce passenger cars with the most well-known being the Dongfanghong BJ760 (based on the GAZ-21), Dongfeng CA71 (based on the Simca Vedette), Hongqi CA72 (based on the ZiL-111) and the mass-produced Shanghai SH760. A lot of the models were built based on Soviet vehicles and the design of the Dongfanghong BJ760 is similar to the Soviet GAZ-21 in general yet distinctive with minor redesigns around the body.
In November 1959, the State Council of China tasked the factory with imitating the Soviet GAZ-21, and provided a real car as an example, in the early 1960s, a group of five Soviet experts arrived at the factory with a set of car drawings, and then in April of the same year, the plant assembled the first three samples of the redesigned prototype, which passed 25,000 km of road tests by May 1965. At the end of 1966, the plant received an annual plan for the production of 600 cars, but at that time the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations began, and by the time of the 106th unit, an order was received from the chairman of the Beijing Revolutionary Committee, Xie Fuzhi, to stop production in order "to prevent the bourgeois way of life." Technical support from the USSR was curtailed, but small scale production continued until the end of 1969. In total, 238 units were produced, although some sources state 600 units of the BJ760 were built.

## Powertrain

The engine of the Dongfanghong BJ760 was shared with the Soviet GAZ-21 Volga which is a 2.4-litre (2,445 cc) four-cylinder petrol engine producing about 70 hp (51 kW) and 167 N⋅m (123 lb⋅ft), developed and manufactured by the Soviet Zavolzhye Motorni Zavod (ZMZ, Zavolzhye Engine Factory) and was mated to a four-speed manual transmission. The top speed of the Dongfanghong BJ769 is 125 km/h (78 mph). Later on in the 1960's, BAW started to manufacture this engine in factories located in Beijing and in Tianjin, where it was designated 492. The engine was later shared in many other BAW products, including the Beijing BJ212 off-roader.
# St. Joseph's Seminary and Church

The St. Joseph's Seminary and Church (Chinese: 聖若瑟修院及聖堂; Portuguese: Igreja e Seminário de São José) is a seminary and church located in São Lourenço, Macau, China.

## History

The seminary was established in 1728 and, following the end of the Jesuits' mission, was taken over by the Lazarites. The church was erected in 1758. In 2005, the church became one of the designated sites of the Historic Centre of Macau enlisted on the UNESCO World Heritage List.