OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Woodhams

Richard Woodhams (né Richard Clarence Woodhams; born June 17, 1949, in Palo Alto, California) is an American oboist and recording artist. He was Principal Oboe of the Philadelphia Orchestra from 1977 until his retirement in August 2018. He also served as Professor of Oboe at the Curtis Institute of Music from 1985 until his dismissal in 2021.
At the age of fifteen, Woodhams was accepted by the Curtis Institute and began study with John de Lancie, graduating in 1968. In 1969, he won the position of Principal Oboe with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra under Music Director Walter Susskind. He assumed the position of principal oboe of the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1977, succeeding his teacher. He succeeded de Lancie as oboe instructor at the Curtis Institute in 1985. He is faculty member at the Aspen Music Festival and has taught at the Luzerne and Sarasota Music Festivals, among others.
Woodhams's teachers include Raymond Dusté, John de Lancie, John Mack, Robert Bloom, and Jean-Louis LeRoux.
Woodhams's students hold principal positions in many major orchestras, such as the Chicago Symphony (William Welter), New York Philharmonic (Liang Wang), Houston Symphony (Jonathan Fischer), Pittsburgh Symphony (Cynthia Koledo DeAlmeida), Baltimore Symphony (Katherine Needleman), and Atlanta Symphony (Elizabeth Koch Tiscione); other students in major orchestras include Robert Walters, English Hornist of the Cleveland Orchestra, Shea Scruggs, Assistant Principal Oboe of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Jonathan Blumenfeld, Second Oboist of the Philadelphia Orchestra, Peter Smith, Associate Principal Oboe of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and Susan Spector, Second Oboist of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra.
# Beanthwaite

Beanthwaite is a hamlet in Cumbria, England.
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# Marcelo Freitas

Marcelo de Freitas Costa (born 1 June 1994), commonly known as Marcelo Freitas, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for UAE First Division League club Hatta.

## Honours

Energie Cottbus
* Regionalliga: 2017–18
* Brandenburg Cup: 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19
Nacional
* LigaPro: 2019–20
Londrina
* Campeonato Paranaense: 2021
# Parallel World (Cadence Weapon album)

Parallel World is the fifth studio album by Cadence Weapon, nee Roland Pemberton, released April 30, 2021. The album was the winner of the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.
The album is marked by political themes about Black Canadian life and experience. Pemberton described the concept as being told with a "journalistic lens" that was largely inspired by watching the George Floyd protests in 2020.
# Shaun Sowerby

Shaun Sowerby (born (1978-07-01)1 July 1978) is a South African rugby union player and went to Sasolburg highschool. He is currently a forwards coach for Biarritz Rugby in the top French rugby competition, the Top 14. Prior to coaching Biarritz, he had a two-year spell coaching at Montpellier Hérault, having finished his playing career at the Stade Ernest-Wallon for Stade Toulousain. Before that he turned out for Stade Français Paris, who he moved to from the Sharks in South Africa.
His usual position was as a number 8. Sowerby also captained the Sharks in South Africa for a year in 2003 which was their 2nd worst finish in Super Rugby history. He also played for the South African national team, Springboks, making his debut against Samoa. He has also won the French championship in the 2007–08 season with his club Toulouse. In 2010, he won the Heineken Cup, also with Toulouse. He moved to FC Grenoble for the start of the 2012–13 season.
At the start of 2014, Sowerby announced his intention to retire from the game at the end of the 2013–14 season. He was subsequently appointed as the forwards coach of South African provincial side the Eastern Province Kings.
On 30 December 2014, Sowerby joining the backroom staff as the new forwards coach for French club Montpellier.
# Akshay Girish Kumar

Major Akshay (Girish) (6 December 1985 – 19 November 2016) was a third generation military officer of the Indian Army. He was killed in action during the 2016 Nagrota army base attack while saving trapped hostages including women and children from Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists. He comes from a family of war veterans including his grandfather Lieutenant colonel AK Moorthy(retired), father Wing Commander Girish Kumar(retired) and his maternal uncle Wing Commander K Harisenani(retired).

## Early life and family

Akshay and his twin sister Neha were born to Girish Kumar and Meghna Girish on Dec 6, 1985 at Bangalore. His early education spanned across various cities in India like Bidar, Wellington Gorakhpur, Bengaluru and Chennai . He joined Bangalore Military School in his 8th grade, as a boarder. He cleared Twelfth grade#India in 2003, and joined the NDA few months after pursuing graduation at Jain College. After training in NDA and thereafter in the Indian Military Academy, he was commissioned as a Lieutenant in 51 Engineer Regiment. He could not join the Indian Air Force like his father because his eye vision did not meeting the stringent standards needed to be a fighter pilot. He married his friend Sangeeta in 2011 and his daughter Naina was born in October 2013. His hobbies included painting, playing tennis and basketball, bungee jumping, skydiving, singing, dancing, poetry and cooking.

## Military career

Akshay was commissioned in 51 Engineers of the Bengal Sappers regiment on Dec 10, 2007. He pursued his Electrical Engineering graduation degree from College of Military Engineering, Pune. He earned Alpha status in Young Officers Course and Instructors grading in the Junior Command Course while in training. He was posted at Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim and Manipur at various junctures of his almost decade long tenure.

## Death

Akshay led his unit's Rapid reaction force (QRT) that was rushed to counter the terror attack on a neighboring artillery unit and saved the lives of trapped families and unarmed personnel. He was hit by bullets and a grenade while trying to secure sixteen hostages from three heavily armed terrorists. He succumbed to his injuries. All hostages were rescued unharmed and the terrorists were subsequently neutralized.
He was accorded a martyr's funeral at Bangalore which was attended by Defence Officers, Politicians and Civilians alike.

## Public Honors

He was conferred COAS Commendation in 2009 for rescuing injured civilians in Kupwara. A road in Bangalore named after Akshay was inaugrated on Dec 16, 2018. He was conferred the Desh Ratna Award by Rotary Mysore Midtown in 2017.

## Controversy

Akshay was recommended for but not conferred the Shaurya Chakra, a gallantry award posthumously as is commonly observed for similar cases. A formal appeal was made to Ministry of Defence (India) which ordered an enquiry into the matter at the behest of the then Raksha Mantri. It was ascertained that no review policy was currently in place for gallantry awards in India. Details of the reason for diregarding the original recommendation were not disclosed in public records.
# Karl Flach

Karl Flach (Villmar, 15 August 1821 - Bay of Valparaiso, 3 May 1866) was a German mechanic and engineer who designed and built the Flach, the first Chilean submarine.

## Biography

Born Johann Anton Flach, he was the son of watchmaker Heinrich Flach and his wife Margaretha. According to another version, originated in the studies of one of his great-grandchildren, Guillermo Stegen Ahumada, his birth name was Gottfried Cornelius. He was forced to change his identity to Karl Flach, the name of a deceased man, after his failed participation in the 1848 revolution that tried to overthrow the Kaiser.
With his wife and son Heinrich (Enrique) Flach, he traveled on the sailboat Australia from Hamburg to Chile on 3 April 1852, where upon arrival he called himself Karl August Flach.
Between 1865 and 1866 Karl Flach designed and built the submarine Flach, powered by the force of the crew members and equipped with two guns. The submarine was 12.5 metres (41 ft) long and 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) wide, with a speed of 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) to 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph). The crew was made up of Flach and his 16-year-old son, two Chileans (Adolfo Pulgar and Francisco Rodríguez), five Germans (Valentín Baum, Gustavo Maas, Augusto Warmuth, German Schmidt and Luis Grinewinke) and two French people, totalling 11 people. The submarine had been commissioned by the Chilean government of José Joaquín Pérez who wanted to oppose the Spanish in the Chincha Islands War following the Bombardment of Valparaíso. The submarine, with Karl Flach as captain, carried out several successful test and dive trips. On 3 May 1866, the submarine made a dive without warning. The submarine sank in the Bay of Valparaíso with its eleven-member crew. Rescue attempts were unsuccessful.
In 2018, the wreck of the submarine was allegedly found.
# Boy Louw

Matthys (Boy) Michael Louw (21 February 1906 – 3 May 1988), was a rugby union player on the South African rugby team. His primary position was prop but he also played in the line-out for the Springboks at second row, flanker and number eight.

## Biography

Louw was born on the farm Watervlei near Wellington as the fifth child of ten brothers and five sisters. One brother died young, he and Fanie Louw became Springboks and the other brothers all played senior rugby.
Louw made his debut for Western Province as a teenage schoolboy against the British Isles in 1924. His Springbok debut was in 1928 against the visiting All Blacks, when he was selected as lock for the fourth test at the Crusaders Ground in Port Elizabeth. Louw played 18 test matches for the Boks, 13 of which as loosehead prop and scored one try. He also played 31 tour matches in which he scored five tries.

### Test history

| No. | Opponents | Results (SA 1st) | Position | Tries | Dates | Venue |
| 1. | New Zealand | 11–6 | Lock | | 18 Aug 1928 | Crusaders Ground, Port Elizabeth |
| 2. | New Zealand | 5–13 | Loosehead Prop | | 1 Sep 1928 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 3. | Wales | 8–3 | Loosehead prop | | 5 Dec 1931 | St. Helen's, Swansea |
| 4. | Ireland | 8–3 | Loosehead prop | | 19 Dec 1931 | Lansdowne Road, Dublin |
| 5. | England | 7–0 | Loosehead prop | | 2 Jan 1932 | Twickenham, London |
| 6. | Scotland | 6–3 | Loosehead prop | | 16 Jan 1932 | Murrayfield, Edinburgh |
| 7. | Australia | 17–3 | Loosehead prop | | 8 Jul 1933 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 8. | Australia | 6–21 | Lock | | 22 Jul 1933 | Kingsmead, Durban |
| 9. | Australia | 12–3 | Loosehead prop | 1 | 12 Aug 1933 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |
| 10. | Australia | 11–0 | Flank | | 26 Aug 1933 | Crusaders Ground, Port Elizabeth |
| 11. | Australia | 4–15 | Flank | | 2 Sep 1933 | Springbok Park, Bloemfontein |
| 12. | Australia | 9–5 | Number Eight | | 26 Jun 1937 | Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney |
| 13. | Australia | 26–17 | Loosehead prop | | 17 Jul 1937 | Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney |
| 14. | New Zealand | 13–6 | Loosehead prop | | 4 Sep 1937 | Lancaster Park, Christchurch |
| 15. | New Zealand | 17–6 | Loosehead prop | | 25 Sep 1937 | Eden Park, Auckland |
| 16. | British Isles | 26–12 | Loosehead prop | | 6 Aug 1938 | Ellis Park Park, Johannesburg |
| 17. | British Isles | 19–3 | Loosehead prop | | 3 Sep 1938 | Crusaders Ground, Port Elizabeth |
| 18. | British Isles | 16–21 | Loosehead prop | | 10 Sep 1938 | Newlands, Cape Town |
# Falie Oelschig

Falie Oelschig (born 14 January 1979) is a South African rugby union player for the Eastern Province Kings in the Currie Cup. He previously played for the Cheetahs in Super Rugby, the Free State Cheetahs and SWD Eagles in the Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup competitions and for Stade Français in the French Top 14.
# Japie Louw

Jacob Stephanus "Japie" Louw (30 August 1867 – 17 August 1936) was a South African international rugby union player.

## Biography

Born in Durbanville, Louw attended Paul Roos Gymnasium before playing provincial rugby for Transvaal (now known as the Golden Lions). He made his only appearances for South Africa during Great Britain's 1891 tour, South Africa's first as a Test nation. The series was won 3–0 by Great Britain, Louw played as a forward in all three Tests. He died in 1936, in Bloemfontein, at the age of 68.

### Test history

| No. | Opponents | Results (SA 1st) | Position | Date | Venue |
| 1. | British Isles | 0–4 | Forward | 30 Jul 1891 | Crusaders Ground, Port Elizabeth |
| 2. | British Isles | 0–3 | Forward | 29 Aug 1891 | Eclectic Cricket Ground, Kimberley |
| 3. | British Isles | 0–4 | Forward | 5 Sep 1891 | Newlands, Cape Town |
# Morris Zimerman

Morris Zimerman (8 June 1911 – 10 January 1992) was a South African rugby union player.

## Biography

Zimerman grew up in Jansenville and studied law at the University of Cape Town after school. During his student years he played provincial rugby for Western Province and after completing his studies he moved to Johannesburg, where he played for Transvaal.
Zimerman was the first Jew to represent South Africa in rugby union, when he debuted on 5 December 1931. He played in three further tests for South Africa and also in fourteen tour matches, in which he scored thirteen tries.
After his playing days he became involved in rugby administration and became the convenor of the SA Selection Committee. He was the cousin of Louis Babrow, another Jewish Springbok.

### Test history

| No. | Opponents | Results (SA 1st) | Position | Tries | Dates | Venue |
| 1. | Wales | 8–3 | Wing | | 5 Dec 1931 | St. Helen's, Swansea |
| 2. | Ireland | 8–3 | Wing | 1 | 19 Dec 1931 | Lansdowne Road, Dublin |
| 3. | England | 7–0 | Wing | | 2 Jan 1932 | Twickenham, London |
| 4. | Scotland | 6–3 | Wing | | 16 Jan 1932 | Murrayfield, Edinburgh |
# George Daneel

George Murray Daneel (29 August 1904 – 19 October 2004) was a South African rugby player.

## Personal history

Daneel was born in Calvinia, Cape Colony (now in the Northern Cape) on 29 August 1904 to Marthinus and Charlotte Daneel, and was one of seven children. His father was a Dutch Reformed Church minister who had played rugby for Stellenbosch University against Bill Maclagan's 1891 British team. He also had two other relatives who played at a high level; his uncle Henry Daneel was a member of Paul Roos' 1906–07 team, while one of his cousins, Louis Louw, played on the 1912–13 tour under the captaincy of Billy Millar.
When his father was at Victoria West, Daneel attended the local school, but had to leave in his final year as he was the only senior pupil left and that the standards were not quite up to scratch. His father eventually sent him to school in Robertson, due to the boarding there being inexpensive.
He studied theology at the University of Cape Town (UCT) in 1922 and 1923, failing both years, but managed to complete his final year at Stellenbosch University in 1929.

## Rugby career

While still at school he played halfback, alternating between scrum-half and fly-half on opposite sides of the field. After arriving at the University of Cape Town (UCT) with the intention of studying theology, he came to the realization that he had no future at scrum-half and subsequently switched to number 8.
At provincial level, he represented Western Province and Transvaal. During World War II after he had already stopped playing, he was also persuaded to play for and captain Western Transvaal after their regular captain Nic Bierman became ill.
He won his first cap against New Zealand in 1928 and his last against Scotland in 1932.

## Life after rugby

On the 1931–32 Springbok tour of the UK and Ireland, he came into contact with Frank Buchman's Oxford Group and decided to give up rugby to be a part of the Moral Re-Armament, although he still coached on occasion. His work with the movement made him particularly unpopular with the government of the time.
Later he followed in his father's footsteps and himself became a religious minister and served as chief chaplain to the South African Forces during World War II.
# Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1082

The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1082 was a trade and defence pact signed between the Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice, in the form of an imperial chrysobull or golden bull, issued by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. This treaty, which provided the Venetians with major trading concessions in exchange for their help in the wars against the Normans, would have a major impact on both the empire and the republic that would later dictate their histories for several centuries to come.

## Stipulations

The Byzantine Empire made a large number of trade concessions to the Republic of Venice in exchange for military support against the Normans who were invading and conquering various Byzantine holdings in and outside the empire. According to the treaty, the Byzantines would allow the Venetians the right to trade throughout the empire without the imposition of taxes. The Venetians would also be allowed control of the main harbor facilities of Byzantium (Constantinople), along with control of several key public offices. The treaty also granted various honors to the Doge of Venice, along with an income. Finally, the Venetians were granted their own district within Byzantium, with shops, a church, and a bakery, which could be compared to the concessions of 19th century colonialism.
In exchange for these trade concessions, the Byzantine Empire requested military support from the Venetians, especially in the form of ships, since the empire had no real navy to speak of.

## Consequences

The military aid promised by the Republic of Venice did in fact arrive in the form of a naval blockade of the Normans at Dyrrachium, which forced the Normans to engage in a battle with the Romans. However, the Venetians gains largely overweighed those of the Romans as they reaped great benefits from the new trade advantages they enjoyed by the treaty. The Byzantine Empire's ability to recuperate after losses was significantly reduced, because of the immense revenue the empire had given up when it allowed the Venetians to trade freely without the imposition of taxes. This stifled the empire's power of recuperation and ultimately started its terminal decline.
# William Bourbank

William Bourbank was Archdeacon of Carlisle from 1523 until his death.
Bourbank was educated at the University of Cambridge. He held livings at Terrington, Barnack and Christian Malford.
# Silveiras

Silveiras is a municipality in São Paulo State, Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 6,339 (2020 est.) in an area of 414.78 km². The elevation is 615 m.
The municipality contains part of the 292,000 hectares (720,000 acres) Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia Telefônica Brasileira until 1973, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012.
The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).
# Basie van Wyk

Christiaan Johannes "Basie" van Wijk (5 November 1923 – 29 August 2002) was a South African rugby union international who was capped 10 times as a flanker for the Springboks in the 1950s.
Born in Vryburg, van Wijk played his provincial rugby for Transvaal. He debuted for South Africa on the 1951–52 Europe tour and scored four tries across the five Tests, all won by the Springboks. His career also included home Tests against the touring Australians in 1953. On the reciprocal trip to Australia in 1956, van Wijk broke his leg while training in Sydney ahead of his first tour match. He was a schoolteacher by profession.
# Gerhard Mostert

Gerhard Mostert is a professional rugby union player who played for Stade Français in the Top 14. He was schooled at Die Hoërskool Rustenburg.
Mostert made his provisional debut for the Sharks in 2010, and played for the Sharks against the Chiefs in the 2010 Super 14 season. Mostert had previously played for the Golden Lions. In October 2010, Gerhard was selected to the Springboks squad of 39 players to prepare for the November tour of Europe. He eventually made his Springbok debut during the 2011 Tri Nations Series as injury cover for Johann Muller, in a 40-7 loss against the All Blacks in Wellington. Although it was a miserable day for the team, Mostert, impressed Springbok Coach Peter de Villiers who decided to include Mostert in his 24-man squad for the home tests.
Gerhard Mostert was named on the bench for the third test against the Wallabies in Durban on 30 July 2011. Mostert made his second appearance in the green and gold off the bench for Bakkies Botha.
# Dean Greyling

MacGuyver Dean Greyling (born 1 January 1986) is a rugby union player who represents Oyonnax in Pro Rugby D2. He was educated at Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool.

## Playing career

Greyling was one of the stars of the 2004 Craven Week competition, and represented the Blue Bulls' age-group teams from 2005 to 2007. He made his Super Rugby debut for the franchise in 2008. In October 2010, Greyling was selected to the Springbok squad of 39 players to prepare for the November tour of Europe.
Greyling made his Springbok debut in the starting line-up against Australia on 23 July 2011 in Sydney. He played his second test for his country the following week against the All Blacks in Wellington. He was not selected for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
He played in his last test (from the bench) on 15 September 2012 against New Zealand in Dunedin, but after receiving a yellow card for foul play in the 64th minute, was not selected again for the Springboks.
He moved to French team Oyonnax prior to the 2016–2017 season.

## Name

Born "Dean Greyling", he legally changed his name as a child to "Macguyver", as he was a fan of the TV character by that name, refusing to answer to "Dean". Though he hasn't legally changed his name back, he now goes by "Dean".