# Timeline of Madrid

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.

## Prior to 17th century

* Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic – First archaeological signs of human occupation
* Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
* 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
* 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
* 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
* 1499 –
** Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
** Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
* 1500 – Printing press in operation.
* 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
* 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
* 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
* 1547 – Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.
* 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
* 1561
** Court of Philip II moves from Toledo to Madrid.
** Population: 20,000.
* 1562 – Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a Panorama of Madrid [es].
* 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.

## 17th century

* 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
* 1605 – Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
* 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
* 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
* 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
* 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
* 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
* 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
* 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
* 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
* 1644 – Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.
* 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.
* 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
* 1672 – Premiere of Guevara–Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.

## 18th century

* 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
* 1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.
* 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.
* 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
* 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
* 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.
* 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
* 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.
* 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.
* 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.
* 1756 – Puerta de Recoletos [es] built.
* 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
* 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
* 1774 – Casa de Fieras del Retiro [es] (zoo) opens.
* 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
* 1782 – Cibeles Fountain [es] built on Plaza de Cibeles.
* 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
* 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
* 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000

## 19th century

* 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
* 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
* 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.
* 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
* 1830
** Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
** León Gil de Palacio [es] creates a scale model of the city.
* 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.
* 1832 – Lhardy patisserie in business.
* 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
* 1836
** Biblioteca Nacional established.
** Literary University relocates to Madrid.
* 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
* 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.
* 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
* 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
* 1856
** Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
** Escuela Superior de Diplomática [es] (school) founded.
* 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
* 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
* 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
* 1868 – City walls dismantled.
* 1869 – Jardín Zoológico established.
* 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.
* 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
* 1877 – Population: 397,816.
* 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
* 1885
** Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.
** Theatre of María Guerrero built.
* 1887
** Café Comercial in business.
** Palacio de Cristal built.
** Population: 472,228.
* 1888 – Café Gijón opens.
* 1891 – Bank of Spain Building completed.
* 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.
* 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
* 1900 – Population: 539,835.

## 20th century

* 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.
* 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
* 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
* 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
* 1910
** Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
** Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
* 1911
** Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
** Metropolis Building inaugurated.
* 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
* 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
* 1919 – Metro begins operating.
* 1920 – Population: 750,896.
* 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
* 1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
* 1924
** Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
** Hotel Florida opens.
** National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
* 1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
* 1928 – Catholic Opus Dei founded.
* 1929
** Gran Vía constructed.
** Cine Avenida [es] opens.
* 1930
** Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
** Cine Barceló [es] built.
* 1931
** City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
** Airport begins operating.
** Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
* 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema) inaugurated.
* 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
* 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema) open.
* 1936
** November: Siege of Madrid begins.
** Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
* 1939
** March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.
** Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
* 1940
** Spanish National Orchestra founded.
** Population: 1,088,647.
* 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
* 1944
** Carabanchel Prison built.
** Museum Cerralbo opens.
** Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
* 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
* 1949 – Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.
* 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
* 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
* 1954 – Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.
* 1956 – Real Madrid wins first European Cup.
* 1960 – Population: 2,259,931.
* 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
* 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
* 1967 – City flag design adopted.
* 1968
** Autonomous University of Madrid established.
** Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
* 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
* 1970 – Population: 3,146,071.
* 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
* 1972
** Zoo Aquarium built.
** Temple of Debod installed.
* 1973 – Operación Ogro.
* 1974 – Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
* 1975 – Dictator Francisco Franco dies in Madrid. Spanish transition to democracy begins.
* 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
* 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
* 1978
** Sabatini Gardens open.
** Centro Dramático Nacional created.
* 1979
** Enrique Tierno Galván becomes the first mayor of Madrid elected after the restoration of democracy in Spain.
** Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
** Windsor Tower built.
* 1980
** La Movida Madrileña begins.
** Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
* 1981
** An attempted coup d'état takes place in the Congress of Deputies on 23 February.
** Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
* 1982 – City hosts part of the matches of the 1982 FIFA World Cup, including the final, won by Italy.
* 1983
** November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
** December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
* 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
* 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
* 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
* 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
* 1990 – Editorial Verbum [es] in business.
* 1991
** City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
** Population: 2,984,576.
* 1992
** Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
** Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
* 1993 – Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
* 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
* 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.
* 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
* 1998 – Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.

## 21st century

* 2001 – City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
* 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
* 2003
** Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
** Manzanares Park inaugurated.
** Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
* 2004
** March: Train bombings.
** Museo del Traje established.
* 2005
** Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
** June: Demonstration against ETA.
** Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
** Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
** Madrid Ballet established.
* 2006
** Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
** Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
** December: Airport bombing.
* 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
* 2008
** Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
** Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
** Caixa Forum opens.
** Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
** Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
* 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.
* 2011
** 15-M Movement protests.
** Parque Madrid Río [es] inaugurated.
** Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.
* 2012
** May: Economic protest.
** November: Anti-austerity protests.
* 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
* 2015
** March: Parque Felipe VI [es] inaugurated.
** May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
* 2019
** June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.
* 2021
** January: Storm Filomena covers Madrid with snow, in a historic snowfall.
** January: an explosion in a building kills 4 people and wounds 10 other.
* 2024
** November: Madrid hosts the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2024, won by Andria Putkaradze from Georgia with the song To My Mom.

## Evolution of the Madrid map
### 17th century

* ~1622-1635
* 1656

### 18th century

* 1705-1706
* 1730
* 1762
* 1769
* 1785

### 19th century

* ~1813
* 1831
* 1848
* 1859
* 1866
* 1879
* 1879
* 1888
* 1900

### 20th century

* 1929
* 1975
* 1982
* 1992
* 2000

### 21st century

* 2012 (includes metropolitan area)
* 2015