OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1954 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1954 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Queen Elizabeth II.
* Governor-General and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Ernest George Jansen.
* Prime Minister: Daniel François Malan (until 30 November), Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom (starting 30 November).
* Chief Justice: Albert van der Sandt Centlivres.

## Events
### January

* Mimi Coertse starts tutorship under Maria Hittorff and Josef Witt.

### April

* 17 – The Federation of South African Women is launched in Johannesburg.
* 23 – The Afrikaans-German Culture Union (Afrikaanse-Deutsche Kultuurgemeinschaft - ADK) is founded in Pretoria.

### June

* 23 – The Trust Bank of South Africa is founded by Jan S. Marais.

### September

* 14 – Sasolburg is established near the Sasol plant in the northern Orange Free State.

### October

* 10 – The much-travelled statue of Paul Kruger is unveiled in Church Square, Pretoria by Dr. D.F. Malan.
* 11 – Daniel François Malan announces his retirement.

### November

* 30 – Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom becomes the 6th Prime Minister of South Africa.

### December

* 16–19 – The 43rd Annual Conference of the African National Congress is held in Durban.

### Unknown date

* George Bizos is admitted as a lawyer to the South African Bar.

## Births

* 13 January – Trevor Rabin, South African–American musician, founder member of Rabbitt.
* 2 May – Bulelani Ngcuka, first national director of the National Prosecuting Authority.
* 10 May – Lindiwe Sisulu, member of Parliament of South Africa, national minister.
* 10 June – Nelson Dladla, Teenage Dladla, soccer player.
* 23 August – Ngconde Balfour, politician.
* 23 September – Mavis Davies, Local Politician and longest serving Councilor in the history of Mtubatuba Local Municipality
* 12 October – Duma Ndlovu, filmmaker, poet, playwright. Well known for creating Muvhango & Uzalo TV shows.
* 5 November – Koos Kombuis, poet, singer, entertainer and writer.
* 26 November – John Matshikiza, actor, theatre director, poet and journalist. (d. 2008)
* 21 December – Gysie Pienaar, rugby player & father of rugby player Ruan Pienaar

## Railways
### Locomotives

Two new Cape gauge steam locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways (SAR).
* The first of 120 Class GMA branch line and Class GMAM mainline 4-8-2+2-8-4 "Double Mountain" Garratt articulated locomotives.
* Twenty-five Class GO 4-8-2+2-8-4 "Double Mountain" light branch line Garratt locomotives.

## Sports
### Football

* 1 May – The South Africa national football team beats the Israel national football team 2–1 at the Rand Stadium, Johannesburg in a friendly match.
# Morgane

Morgane may refer to:

## People

* Morgane Dubled (born 1984), French supermodel
* Morgane Tschiember (born 1976), artist
* Morgane (born 1975), Belgian singer

## Other uses

* Greta morgane (thick-tipped greta), a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae
* Morgane le Fay, a powerful sorceress in Arthurian legend
* Morgane, a character in the 2018 French-Belgian film Girls With Balls
# 1965 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1965 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* State President: Charles Robberts Swart.
* Prime Minister: Hendrik Verwoerd.
* Chief Justice: Lucas Cornelius Steyn.

## Events
### January

* 8 – Adam Faith, a British pop singer, cancels his tour of South Africa because the South African government prohibited mixed audiences at concerts.

### April

* 1 – Frederick John Harris is hanged for exploding the bomb at Johannesburg Park Station that killed 77-year-old Ethel Rhys and injured 23 others on 24 July 1964.

### May

* 4 – Units of the South African Defence Force begin to be issued with the R1 7.62 mm rifle, made in South Africa under license.

### October

* 4 – At least 150 are killed when a commuter train derails at the outskirts of Durban.

### November

* Rhodes University in Grahamstown installs a computer, the first university in South Africa to do so.

### Unknown date

* The African National Congress establishes its headquarters in Morogoro, Tanzania.

## Births

* 1 February – Dave Callaghan, cricketer.
* 14 February – Themba Ndaba, actor.
* 17 March – Andrew Hudson, cricketer.
* 18 March – Yvonne Chaka Chaka, singer.
* 2 June – Thoko Didiza, politician.
* 10 June – Tiaan Strauss, rugby player.
* 13 July – Hannes Strydom, rugby player.
* 25 September – Augustine Makalakalane, football player.
* 1 December – Henry Honiball, rugby player.
* 18 December – John Moshoeu, footballer. (d. 2015).

## Deaths

* 1 April – Frederick John Harris, school teacher and bomb planter. (b. 1937)
* 1 July – Wally Hammond, English first-class cricketer and South African sports administrator. (b. 1903)
* 19 July – Ingrid Jonker, Afrikaans poet. (b. 1933)

## Railways
### Locomotives

Two new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways:
* The first of sixty-five Class 33-000 General Electric type U20C diesel-electric locomotives.
* The first of one hundred Class 5E1, Series 4 electric locomotives.
# 1973 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1973 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* State President: Jim Fouché.
* Prime Minister: John Vorster.
* Chief Justice: Newton Ogilvie Thompson.

## Events
### January

* 8 – Two South African policemen are killed and two injured in an explosion near the Zambezi River in north-western Rhodesia.
* 9 – the first strike of the 1973 Durban strikes occurs

### February

* 1 – Venda and Gazankulu are granted self-government.

### March

* Steve Biko is banned by the government.

### July

* 7 – Afrikaner Resistance Movement was founded in Ventersdorp

### August

* 25 – Harry Schwarz wins the leadership of the United Party in the Transvaal, replacing Marais Steyn.

### Unknown date

* The Natal Parks Board starts buying up farms to form the Itala Game Reserve.
* Michael Lapsley, an Anglican priest, arrives in South Africa.
* African and Arab states impose an oil embargo on South Africa.

## Births

* 22 January – Brandon Silent, football player & coach.
* 13 February – Dino Quattrocecere, figure skater.
* 1 March – Robert Marawa, sports journalist, sports commentator, television presenter and radio host.
* 5 March – Dumisa Ngobe, football player
* 8 March – Jill Brukman, backstroke and medley swimmer.
* 20 March – Nicky Boje, cricketer.
* 15 April – Werner Swanepoel, rugby player.
* 10 May – Ollie Le Roux, rugby player.
* 31 May – Amanda Taylor, synchronized swimmer.
* 16 July – Shaun Pollock, former cricketer & commentator.
* 19 July – Nathalie Boltt, actress.
* 29 July – AJ Venter, rugby player.
* 25 August – Nico Panagio, actor & tv presenter.
* 18 September – Mark Shuttleworth, entrepreneur and space tourist.
* 29 October – Adam Bacher, cricketer.
* 31 October – Cobus Visagie, rugby player.
* 18 November – Michele MacNaughton, field hockey player.
* 27 November – Sharlto Copley, producer, actor, and director.
* 29 November – Raphael Smith, screenwriter and songwriter.
* 16 December – Themba Mnguni, football player.
* 1 June – Vanitha Chetty, Athlete.

## Deaths

* 21 February – Cecil Kellaway, actor. (b. 1890)

## Railways
### Locomotives

Two new Cape gauge and one narrow gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways:
* April – The first of one hundred Class 34-400 General Electric (GE) type U26C diesel-electric locomotives.
* The first of one hundred Class 6E1, Series 4 electric locomotives.
* September–December – Twenty Class 91-000 GE type UM6B narrow gauge diesel-electric locomotives on the Avontuur Railway.
# Lewin's honeyeater

Lewin's honeyeater (Meliphaga lewinii) is a bird that inhabits the ranges along the east coast of Australia. It has a semicircular ear-patch, pale yellow in colour.
The name of this bird commemorates the Australian artist John Lewin. Another name is Yellow-eared Honeyeater

## Description

The Lewin's honeyeater is small to medium in size 20–22 cm (7.9–8.7 in). It is dark greenish-grey in colour, with a creamy yellow gape (i.e., the fleshy corners of the mouth). It has large, yellowish, crescent-shaped ear-patches, which distinguish it from other honeyeaters, apart from two similar, but smaller, species in tropical Queensland. In flight, the pale yellow edges of the flight feathers can be seen. The bill is black and the eye is blue-grey. Both sexes are similar in appearance. Young Lewin's honeyeaters are similar to the adults, but have brown eyes. The strong 'machine gun-like' rattling notes of Lewin's honeyeater are heard over long distances, and reveal its presence in an area.
Body size, voice, and the shape and size of the ear-patch help in identifying the similar Graceful and Yellow-spotted Honeyeaters in tropical Queensland.
* M. l. lewinii Feeding on the nectar of a Grevillea flower
* M. l. mab, Atherton Tableland
* Dayboro, SE Queensland, Australia

## Distribution and habitat

The Lewin's honeyeater prefers the wetter parts of eastern Australia, from northern Queensland to central Victoria. It is found in both rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest, and often wanders into more open woodland. It is a common bird, and its call is often heard in these areas. It is a rather sedentary species, tending to stay in the same area all year round, although some altitudinal migration, to lower elevations in the cooler winter months, occurs.

## Diet

Lewin's honeyeaters feed mostly on fruits, favouring berries and small fruits, but also eat insects and nectar. Birds are normally seen alone, but may form loose groups of up to 10 birds. They feed in the upper branches and on the trunks of trees. Some insects are caught in flight.

## Breeding

Lewin's honeyeaters breed during September to January. The nest is a large cup of vegetation and other materials, bound together with spider web, and lined with soft material. The two to three oval eggs are incubated for about 14 days, and the young birds leave the nest after a further 14 days. It is unclear what roles each parent performs in nest building and incubation, but both care for the young birds.
# Ashta Someswaras

The Ashta Someswaras అష్ట సోమేశ్వరములు, Telugu:) refer to eight Shiva lingas consecrated in the eight directions (cardinal and inter-cardinal) around Draksharamam, a village in Andhra Pradesh, India.

## Etymology

Ashta in Sanskrit means eight. Soma means the moon. Ishvara means lord, and epithet of the deity Shiva. The name refers to eight lingas consecrated by the moon god.

## Legend

According to regional tradition, the origin of temples is as follows: The linga in Draksharamam is said to have been consecrated by the sun god Surya. This resulted in rise of atmospheric temperatures in the surrounding regions. To control these high temperatures, the moon god Chandra consecrated eight lingas in the eight directions of Draksharamam. The Dhraksharama lingam, along with these eight lingas together, are known as nava (nine) lingas. Visiting these nava lingas on the same day is believed to be a holy act.

## Locations

With Draksharamam as reference point, the location of lingas is as follows:
* North: Vella
* South: Kotipalli
* East: Kolanka
* West: Venturu
* North-East: Penumaalla
* North-West: Someswaram
* South-East: Dangeru
* South-West: Korumilli
# Loxostege sticticalis

Loxostege sticticalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761 and is found in the Palearctic and Nearctic realms.
The wingspan is 24–29 millimetres (0.94–1.14 in). he pattern and colour of the wings vary greatly. The ground colour ranges from a light brown to a darker brown to a reddish brown. The darker markings are also very variable; it may have an indistinct inner transverse line, ring, kidney and cone blemishes as well as a usually very distinct, jagged outer transverse line, occasionally other spots also appear in the midfield. This pattern can also be almost completely absent.The forewings can then be almost uniformly grey-brown, with occasionally still faintly indicated individual blemishes. Grey fringes are typical, a dark narrow fringe line towards the base followed by a narrow yellow to whitish transverse band. This is somewhat thickened in the front half (towards the costal edge), but near the middle. Often, in the contact area of the outer transverse line with the costal edge, another bright spot is developed towards the edge of the seam. Very characteristic of most specimens is also a rectangular, concave light spot between the ring and kidney blemish, which is usually present even in specimens with little markings; in extreme cases, however, in almost uniformly grey-brown coloured specimens, it may also be missing. The uppersides of the hind wings are grey with a dark fringing line, which in turn is lined with a narrow light line towards the roots. Often, a more or less complete, relatively wide outer transverse line is also formed. The inner edge may be lightened. The undersides of the forewings and hindwings are yellowish with a broad brown border area and usually two further, broad, brown to dark brown transverse bands.
The moth flies from May to September depending on the location.
The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants, such as mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), beet, Chenopodium album and Artemisia campestris. It can become a pest for sugar beet and tobacco.
# Camponotus modoc

Camponotus modoc or western carpenter ant is a black carpenter ant with dark red legs. Workers range in size from 7 to 13 mm (0.28 to 0.51 in).

## Habitat

It occurs in Western North America, where it makes nests in dead wood, including dead logs in the forests, as well as human houses.

## As pests

Carpenter ants will damage homes by nesting in them. They will dig out tunnels in wood to expand their living spaces which can lead to structural damage. The infestation in the home usually is a satellite colony, with the main one within a hundred yards or more in a stump or other decayed wood. When colonies start to establish themselves in homes, they may start small (a few hundred members) but can grow to several tens of thousands. There can be 20 or more satellite colonies.
# DJ Candlestick

Omar Barton (born June 21, 1985), better known by his stage name DJ Candlestick, is an American DJ, radio personality, and record producer. He is a member of The Chopstars of the ChopNotSlop subgenre, former on-air personality for KQBT 93.7 The Beat Houston, The Choice 90.9 KTSU (his alma mater) and DJ for The Nice Guys. He is the DJ behind Chop Care as well as many other ChopNotSlop mixtapes. He is currently a mixer on Drake’s radio station Sound42 on SiriusXM.

## Biography

DJ Candlestick has been DJing since 2001. He is a member of The Chopstars (ChopNotSlop subgenre). He has worked at various radio stations in Houston including KTSU, and KQBT before joining Drake's Sound 42 station on SiriusXM. He was also a member of the Houston-based rap group The Nice Guys.

## ChopNotSlop Radio

ChopNotSlop Radio is an online radio station that specializes in ChopNotSlop music. It is the first 24 hours chopped and screwed radio station. It was created in 2008 with the intentions of helping keep the subgenre that DJ Screw had created alive. The station currently has one live show every Sunday that features OG RON C, DJ Candlestick, DJ Slim K, DJ Lil Steve and DJ hollygrove with live-on-air turntablism where they chop and screw music.

## Partial discography

* 2011: Chop Care: Drake OG Ron C Edition
* 2015: Little Dragon Nabuma Purple Rubberband
* 2017: Moonlight Soundtrack
# 2003 Armenian Cup

The 2003 Armenian Cup was the 12th edition of the Armenian Cup, a football competition. In 2003, the tournament had 17 participants, out of which 6 were reserve teams.

## Results
### First round

The first legs were played on 15 and 16 March 2003. The second legs were played on 19 and 20 March 2003.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Mika-2 | 1–8 | Pyunik | 0–6 | 1–2 |
| Dinamo FA | 0–16 | Narwhal | 0–10 | 0–6 |
| Banants | 13–0 | Nork Marash | 6–0 | 7–0 |
| Kotayk-2003 | 0–3 | Shirak | 0–2 | 0–1 |
| Kotayk | 5–0 | Pyunik-2 | 4–0 | 1–0 |
| Lokomotiv Yerevan | 1–6 | Dinamo-2000 | 0–6 | 1–0 |
| Araks | 2–3 | Kilikia | 1–1 | 1–2 |
| Spartak Yerevan | w/o | Lernayin Artsakh | n/a | n/a |

### Quarter-finals

The first legs were played on 23 and 24 March 2003. The second legs were played on 6 and 7 April 2003.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Spartak Yerevan | 0–5 | Mika | 0–3 | 0–2 |
| Pyunik | 1–0 | Kotayk | 1–0 | 0–0 |
| Banants | 6–3 | Dinamo-2000 | 4–0 | 2–3 |
| Kilikia | 0–1 | Shirak | 0–1 | 0–0 |

### Semi-finals

The first legs were played on 17 and 18 May 2003. The second legs were played on 22 and 23 May 2003.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Shirak | 0–3 | Mika | 0–0 | 0–3 |
| Banants | 3–2 | Pyunik | 1–1 | 2–1 |
# Rockcliffe railway station

Rockcliffe railway station, later Rockcliffe Halt, served the rural area around Rockcliffe, north of Carlisle in the English county of Cumberland (now part of Cumbria); it lay some distance from the village. The station was served by local trains on what is now known as the West Coast Main Line. The nearest station for Rockcliffe is now at Carlisle.

## History

Opened by the Caledonian Railway, it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923 and BR in 1948. It closed briefly during WW1 and was renamed as Rockcliffe Halt in 1950 when regular passenger service ceased after which it was only used by railway workers at the nearby marshalling yards until 1965.
The station had a stationmaster's house, with combined ticket office and a waiting room. The line is still double track here.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Carlisle Line and station open | | Caledonian Railway Main Line | | Floriston Line open; Station closed |

## The site today

Trains pass through the site at speed on the electrified West Coast Main Line. The station platforms have been demolished and the pedestrian overbridge has been removed; however, the stationmaster's house remains as a private dwelling.
vteCaledonian Railway main line :
Legend :
Carstairs to Carlisle :
# Zhenan Min

Zhenan Min (simplified Chinese: 浙南闽语; traditional Chinese: 浙南閩語; pinyin: Zhènán Mǐnyǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiat-lâm-bân-gí; lit. 'Min language in southern Zhejiang'), is a variety of Southern Min spoken in the vicinity of Wenzhou, in the southeast of Zhejiang province, China.
The Zhenan Min people had settled in areas such as Cangnan County, Pingyang County, Yuhuan County and Dongtou County from Fujian Province as early as the Tang dynasty period (618–907) and new waves of immigrants continued during the Southern Song dynasty, Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty periods.
Zhenan Min has in the past been influenced by Eastern Min and Northern Min, due to its close geographical proximity with those areas. It has limited intelligibility with other Southern Min varieties, such as Teochew and Hokkien–Taiwanese. Zhenan Min, in proximity to the Wenzhou dialect and Jinxiang dialect, has also borrowed some influences from Wu Chinese, such as voiced initials (z) and noun suffixes unique to Wu Chinese (such as 头).
# Bats (disambiguation)

Bats are flying mammals.
Bats may also refer to:

## Film and television

* Bats (film), a 1999 American horror film
* The Bats (film), a 1999 American animated short film
* "Bats!", episode from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 4)
* "Bats", a Series B episode from the television series QI (2004)

## Music

* The Bats (South African band), formed in 1963
* The Bats (New Zealand band), formed in 1982
* The Bats, a short-lived American band formed by Jon Brion in 1982
* The Bats, an early 1980s San Francisco area rock band related to The Sorentinos
* Bats (Irish band), formed in 2007
* "Bats!", a song by The Bronx

## Other uses

* Bats people, a small Nakh-speaking community in the country of Georgia
* Bats language, the language spoken by the Bats people
* Bats, Landes, a commune in France
* Louisville Bats, a minor league baseball team

## People with the surname

* Joël Bats, a former French goalkeeper and international footballer
* Rob Bats, Dutch politician
# Willie Steel

William Gilbert Steel (6 February 1908 – 1990) was a Scottish footballer who played in the English Football League for Liverpool, Birmingham and Derby County.

## Life and playing career

Born in Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Steel played for Bridgeton Waverley and St Johnstone before being signed by Liverpool manager George Patterson in September 1931. He made his debut on 19 December 1931 in a Football League First Division match at Anfield. Derby County were the visitors and they returned to the Baseball Ground with a point following a 1–1 draw.
Steel broke into the team at full-back three months after signing, and stayed there for the rest of the season missing just one game. He followed this up with an ever-present season in 1932–33 and missed just two games of the next campaign.
He had established himself as the first choice right-back until during the 1934–35 season he lost the position to Robert Done. Done lasted for only one match, but instead of being replaced by Steel it was Tom Cooper who slotted in to the position.
Steel was allowed to leave during March 1935 when he joined Birmingham. He subsequently went on to play for Derby County before ending his career, with a guest spell at Dumbarton during World War II.
After the war, he was manager of Airdrieonians for nine years, then Third Lanark for one year.

## Career details

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Others | Others | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Liverpool | 1931–32 | First Division | 22 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Liverpool | 1932–33 | First Division | 42 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 |
| Liverpool | 1933–34 | First Division | 40 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 |
| Liverpool | 1934–35 | First Division | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Liverpool | Total | Total | 120 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 0 |
| Birmingham | 1934–35 | First Division | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Birmingham | 1935–36 | First Division | 36 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
| Birmingham | 1936–37 | First Division | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Birmingham | 1937–38 | First Division | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Birmingham | 1938–39 | First Division | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Birmingham | Total | Total | 91 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 0 |
| Derby County | 1938–39 | First Division | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 222 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 231 | 0 |
# Hugh Bolton (footballer)

Hugh Bolton (born 15 November 1879) was a Scottish footballer who played mainly as an inside right for Port Glasgow Athletic, Newcastle United, Everton, Bradford (Park Avenue), Morton, Glentoran and Johnstone.
He had moved from hometown team Port Glasgow to English football with Newcastle in 1905, but only played one Football League match for the Magpies before moving to Everton in January 1906. Not only was his debut for his new club against his former employers, but he faced them again four months later in the 1906 FA Cup Final, which Everton won 1–0. He lost his place in the team to fellow Scot George Wilson for much of the following season but was re-instated when Wilson became involved in a dispute over his contract, and it was Bolton who played in the 1907 FA Cup Final, this time resulting in a defeat to The Wednesday. A Toffees regular in the next campaign but out of favour in the next, he moved on to Bradford at the turn of 1909.
After returning to the west of Scotland with Morton in September 1910, he spent time in Ireland with Glentoran while on the 'open to transfer' list, then finished his career with Johnstone.