# South American land mammal age

The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.
The basic unit of measurement is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.

## Background

South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today.

### Paleogeographic timeline

A simplified paleogeographic timeline of South America:
* 66 Ma – South America was connected to both North America and Antarctica. Soon after this point, it lost its connection to North America.
* 66–50 Ma – Tiupampan to Casamayoran - South America was connected to Antarctica which, in turn, was connected to Australia. The Antarctica–Australia connection was lost around the end of this interval or perhaps as much as 15 million years later.
* 50–34 Ma – Casamayoran to Tinguirirican - South America was connected to Antarctica, which was not yet covered by ice.
* 34 Ma – Tinguirirican - South America and Antarctica became detached and glaciations started to form in Antarctica.
* 34–9 Ma – Tinguirirican to Chasicoan - South America had no land connections to any other continent.
* 9–3 Ma – Huayquerian to Chapadmalalan - islands formed between South and North America. A complete Isthmus of Panama most likely formed near the end of this interval, leading to the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
* 3 Ma to present – Uquian to Holocene - the land connection between South and North America is established and migration between the formerly separated continents occurs. Significantly higher rates of extinction due to climatic changes occur in South America compared to North America, resulting in an asymmetrical exchange of species between the continents. North American originating taxa diversify significantly in South America during this period. It was previously believed this asymmetry was due to the main migrational route being from north to south, rather than the opposite way.
* Pleistocene – the glacials and interglacials of the Pleistocene caused drastic eustatic sea level changes, widening and narrowing the land bridge at the 'bottleneck' of Panama. As a side-effect, the vegetation changed during this period of strong climatic changes.
* Late Pleistocene – the earliest humans arrived in South America and settled in various parts of the continent. Evidence for cohabitation with the latest Pleistocene megafauna has been found at multiple locations, such as Monte Verde in coastal Chile and Tibitó on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in Colombia.

## Definitions

| Epoch | SALMA | Top age (Ma) | Base age (Ma) | Etymology | Country | Location |
| Holocene | Holocene | 0 | 0.011 | | | |
| Late Pleistocene | Lujanian | 0.011 | 0.8 | Luján Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Mid Pleistocene | Ensenadan | 0.8 | 1.2 | La Ensenada Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Early Pleistocene | Uquian | 1.2 | 3.0 | Uquía Formation | Argentina | Jujuy Province |
| Late Pliocene | Chapadmalalan | 3.0 | 4.0 | Chapadmalal Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Early Pliocene | Montehermosan | 4.0 | 6.8 | Monte Hermoso Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Late Miocene | Montehermosan | 4.0 | 6.8 | Monte Hermoso Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Late Miocene | Huayquerian | 6.8 | 9.0 | Huayquerías Formation | Argentina | Mendoza Province |
| Late Miocene | Chasicoan | 9.0 | 10.0 | Arroyo Chasicó Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Late Miocene | Mayoan | 10.0 | 11.8 | Río Mayo Formation | Argentina | Chubut Province |
| Mid Miocene | Laventan | 11.8 | 13.8 | La Venta fauna | Colombia | Huila Department |
| Mid Miocene | Colloncuran | 13.8 | 15.5 | Collón Curá Formation | Argentina | Neuquén Province |
| Early Miocene | Friasian | 15.5 | 16.3 | Río Frías Formation | Chile | Aysén Region |
| Early Miocene | Santacrucian | 16.3 | 17.5 | Santa Cruz Formation | Argentina | Santa Cruz Province |
| Early Miocene | Colhuehuapian | 17.5 | 21.0 | Colhué Huapí Member | Argentina | Chubut Province |
| Early Miocene | Deseadan | 21.0 | 29.0 | Deseado Formation | Argentina | Santa Cruz Province |
| Late Oligocene | Deseadan | 21.0 | 29.0 | Deseado Formation | Argentina | Santa Cruz Province |
| Early Oligocene | Tinguirirican | 29.0 | 36.0 | Tinguiririca fauna | Chile | O'Higgins Region |
| Late Eocene | Tinguirirican | 29.0 | 36.0 | Tinguiririca fauna | Chile | O'Higgins Region |
| Late Eocene | Divisaderan | 36.0 | 42.0 | Divisadero Largo Formation | Argentina | Mendoza Province |
| Middle Eocene | Mustersan | 42.0 | 48.0 | Lake Musters | Argentina | Chubut Province |
| Early Eocene | Casamayoran | 48.0 | 54.0 | Casamayor Formation | Argentina | Santa Cruz Province |
| Early Eocene | Itaboraian | 54.0 | 54.0 | Itaboraí Formation | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro State |
| Early Eocene | Riochican | 54.0 | 57.0 | Río Chico Group | Argentina | Chubut Province |
| Late Paleocene | Riochican | 54.0 | 57.0 | Río Chico Group | Argentina | Chubut Province |
| Mid Paleocene | Peligran | 59.0 | 62.5 | Punta Peligro | Argentina | Chubut Province |
| Early Paleocene | Tiupampan | 62.5 | 64.5 | Tiupampa | Bolivia | Cochabamba Department |

## Cenozoic fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South America

The following formations have provided vertebrate, insect or plant fossils, formations with other invertebrates are excluded:
| SALMA | Formations | Country | Location |
| Lujanian | Luján Formation | Argentina | Salado Basin |
| Lujanian | Chaco Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Lujanian | Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile | Calama Basin |
| Lujanian | Dolores Formation | Uruguay | Norte Basin |
| Lujanian | El Palmar Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Lujanian | Fortin Tres Pozos Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Lujanian | Los Hoyos beds | Colombia | Upper Magdalena Valley |
| Lujanian | La Huaca Formation | Peru | Sechura Basin |
| Lujanian | La Invernada Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Lujanian | Ñuapua Formation | Bolivia | Chuquisaca Department |
| Lujanian | Pampa La Brea Formation | Peru | Talara Basin |
| Lujanian | Rotinet Formation | Colombia | Sinú-San Jacinto Basin |
| Lujanian | Sabana Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Lujanian | Saladillo Formation | Argentina | Pampean Region |
| Lujanian | Salto Ander Egg Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Lujanian | San Sebastián Formation | Peru | Eastern Peruvian Andes |
| Lujanian | Santa Clara Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Lujanian | Santa Vitória Formation | Brazil | Pelotas Basin |
| Lujanian | Soatá Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Lujanian | Sopas Formation | Uruguay | Norte Basin |
| Lujanian | Tarija Formation | Bolivia | Tarija Basin |
| Lujanian | Tezanos Pinto Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Lujanian | Touro Passo Formation | Brazil | Paraná Basin |
| Lujanian | Ulloma Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Ensenadan | La Ensenada Formation | Argentina | Salado Basin |
| Ensenadan | Belgrano Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Ensenadan | Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile | Calama Basin |
| Ensenadan | Graxaim Formation | Brazil | Pelotas Basin |
| Ensenadan | Mesa Formation | Venezuela | Eastern Venezuela Basin |
| Ensenadan | Miramar Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Ensenadan | Sabana Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Ensenadan | Tarija Formation | Bolivia | Tarija Basin |
| Ensenadan | Ulloma Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Ensenadan | Umala Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Ensenadan | Uquía Formation | Argentina | Eastern Argentinian Andes |
| Ensenadan | Vorohué Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Ensenadan | Yupoí Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Uquian | Uquía Formation | Argentina | Eastern Argentinian Andes |
| Uquian | Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile | Caldera Basin |
| Uquian | Charana Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Uquian | Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile | Calama Basin |
| Uquian | Hernandarías Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Uquian | La Paz Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Uquian | Sacaba Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Uquian | San Andrés Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Uquian | San Gregorio Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Uquian | Umala Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Uquian | Vorohué Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Uquian | Ware Formation | Colombia | Cocinetas Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Chapadmalal Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Puerto Alvear Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Andalhuala Formation | Argentina | Santa María-Hualfín Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile | Caldera Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Brochero Formation | Argentina | Sierras de Córdoba |
| Chapadmalalan | Chíu-Chíu Formation | Chile | Calama Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Coquimbo Formation | Chile | Tongoy Bay |
| Chapadmalalan | Horcón Formation | Chile | Valparaíso Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | La Paz Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | La Portada Formation | Chile | Tiburón Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Río Quinto Formation | Argentina | Pampa de Las Salinas Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | San Gregorio Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | San José Formation | Argentina Uruguay | Salado Basin Santa Lucía Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Toro Negro Formation | Argentina | Sierra de Los Colorados |
| Chapadmalalan | Umala Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Chapadmalalan | Ware Formation | Colombia | Cocinetas Basin |
| Montehermosan | Monte Hermoso Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Montehermosan | Aconquija Formation | Argentina | Sierra del Aconquija |
| Montehermosan | Andalhuala Formation | Argentina | Santa María-Hualfín Basin |
| Montehermosan | Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile | Caldera Basin |
| Montehermosan | Caleta Herradura Formation | Chile | Tiburón Basin |
| Montehermosan | Casira Formation | Bolivia | Potosí mountain range |
| Montehermosan | Codore Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Montehermosan | Coquimbo Formation | Chile | Tongoy Bay |
| Montehermosan | Corral Quemado Formation | Argentina | Santa María-Hualfín Basin |
| Montehermosan | Ipururo Formation | Peru | Ucayali Basin |
| Montehermosan | La Paz Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Montehermosan | Letrero Formation | Ecuador | Nabón Basin |
| Montehermosan | Navidad Formation | Chile | Chilean Coast Range |
| Montehermosan | Onzole Formation | Ecuador | Borbón Basin |
| Montehermosan | Palo Pintado Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Montehermosan | Paraguaná Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Montehermosan | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Montehermosan | Puerta del Diablo Formation | Argentina | Valdés Basin |
| Montehermosan | Raigón Formation | Uruguay | Norte Basin |
| Montehermosan | Remedios Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Montehermosan | Río Negro Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Montehermosan | Río Quinto Formation | Argentina | Pampa de Las Salinas Basin |
| Montehermosan | San José Formation | Argentina Uruguay | Salado Basin Santa Lucía Basin |
| Montehermosan | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Solimões Basin |
| Montehermosan | Umala Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Huayquerian | Huayquerías Formation | Argentina | Cuyo Basin |
| Huayquerian | Andalhuala Formation | Argentina | Santa María-Hualfín Basin |
| Huayquerian | Bahía Inglesa Formation - Cerro Ballena | Chile | Caldera Basin |
| Huayquerian | Camacho Formation | Uruguay | Norte & Santa Lucía Basins |
| Huayquerian | Cerro Azul Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Huayquerian | Chiquimil Formation | Argentina | Santa María-Hualfín Basin |
| Huayquerian | Coquimbo Formation | Chile | Tongoy Bay |
| Huayquerian | Las Flores Formation | Argentina | Sierra del Tontal |
| Huayquerian | Entrerriana Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Huayquerian | Epecuén Formation | Argentina | Claromecó Basin |
| Huayquerian | Içá Formation | Brazil | Madre de Deus Basin |
| Huayquerian | Iñapari Formation | Peru | Madre de Dios Basin |
| Huayquerian | India Muerta Formation | Argentina | Sierras Pampeanas |
| Huayquerian | Ituzaingó Formation | Argentina | Paraná Basin |
| Huayquerian | Kiyu Formation | Uruguay | Santa Lucía Basin |
| Huayquerian | Madre de Dios Formation | Peru | Madre de Dios Basin |
| Huayquerian | Maimará Formation | Argentina | Eastern Argentinian Andes |
| Huayquerian | Mauri Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Huayquerian | Miramar Formation | Peru | Sechura Basin |
| Huayquerian | El Morterito Formation | Argentina | Cajón Valley |
| Huayquerian | Muyu Huasi Formation | Bolivia | Muyu Huasi Basin |
| Huayquerian | Navidad Formation | Chile | Chilean Coast Range |
| Huayquerian | Palo Pintado Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Huayquerian | Paraná Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Huayquerian | Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru | Amazon Basin |
| Huayquerian | Piquete Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Huayquerian | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Huayquerian | Quehua Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Huayquerian | Raigón Formation | Uruguay | Norte Basin |
| Huayquerian | Rosa Pata Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Huayquerian | Saldungaray Formation | Argentina | Buenos Aires Province |
| Huayquerian | Salicas Formation | Argentina | Sierra de Velasco |
| Huayquerian | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Solimões Basin |
| Huayquerian | Urumaco Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Chasicoan | Arroyo Chasicó Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Chasicoan | Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile | Caldera Basin |
| Chasicoan | Caujarao Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Chasicoan | Cerro Azul Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Chasicoan | Coquimbo Formation | Chile | Tongoy Bay |
| Chasicoan | Loma de Las Tapias Formation | Argentina | Tulum Valley |
| Chasicoan | Madre de Dios Formation | Peru | Madre de Dios Basin |
| Chasicoan | Mauri Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Chasicoan | Navidad Formation | Chile | Chilean Coast Range |
| Chasicoan | Palo Pintado Formation | Argentina | Angastaco Basin |
| Chasicoan | Paraná Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Chasicoan | Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru | Amazon Basin |
| Chasicoan | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Chasicoan | Puerto Madryn Formation | Argentina | Valdés Basin |
| Chasicoan | Urumaco Formation - Urumaco fauna | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Mayoan | Río Mayo Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Mayoan | Coquimbo Formation | Chile | Tongoy Bay |
| Mayoan | Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Mayoan | Huaylas Formation | Chile | Parinacota Province |
| Mayoan | Mauri Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Mayoan | Navidad Formation | Chile | Chilean Coast Range |
| Mayoan | Paraná Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Mayoan | Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru | Amazon Basin |
| Mayoan | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Mayoan | Puerto Madryn Formation | Argentina | Valdés Basin |
| Mayoan | Urumaco Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Mayoan | Yecua Formation | Bolivia | Paraná Basin |
| Laventan | Honda Group - La Venta fauna | Colombia | Upper Magdalena Valley |
| Laventan | Honda Group - Quebrada Honda fauna | Bolivia | Quebrada Honda Basin |
| Laventan | Aisol Formation | Argentina | San Rafael Block |
| Laventan | Bahía Inglesa Formation | Chile | Caldera Basin |
| Laventan | Capadare Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Laventan | Choquecota Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Laventan | Cura-Mallín Group | Chile | Cura-Mallín Basin |
| Laventan | Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Laventan | Ipururo Formation | Peru | Ucayali Basin |
| Laventan | Mariño Formation | Argentina | Cuyo Basin |
| Laventan | Mauri Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Laventan | Paraná Formation | Argentina | Chaco Basin |
| Laventan | Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru | Amazon Basin |
| Laventan | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Laventan | Santa Inés Formation | Venezuela | Eastern Venezuela Basin |
| Laventan | Sincelejo Formation | Colombia | Sinú-San Jacinto Basin |
| Laventan | Socorro Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Laventan | Urumaco Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Colloncuran | Collón Curá Formation | Argentina | Cañadón Asfalto Basin Neuquén Basin |
| Colloncuran | Castilletes Formation | Colombia | Cocinetas Basin |
| Colloncuran | Cerdas beds | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Colloncuran | Cura-Mallín Group | Chile | Cura-Mallín Basin |
| Colloncuran | Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Colloncuran | Mariño Formation | Argentina | Cuyo Basin |
| Colloncuran | Mauri Formation | Bolivia | Altiplano Basin |
| Colloncuran | Nazareno Formation | Bolivia | Tupiza Basin |
| Colloncuran | Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru | Amazon Basin |
| Colloncuran | Pisco Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Friasian | Río Frías Formation | Chile | Aysén Basin |
| Friasian | Castilletes Formation | Colombia | Cocinetas Basin |
| Friasian | Chilcatay Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Friasian | Cura-Mallín Group | Chile | Cura-Mallín Basin |
| Friasian | Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Friasian | Parángula Formation | Venezuela | Barinas-Apure Basin |
| Friasian | Pebas Formation | Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru | Amazon Basin |
| Friasian | Río Foyel Formation | Argentina | Patagonian Andes |
| Friasian | Río Yuca Formation | Venezuela | Barinas-Apure Basin |
| Santacrucian | Santa Cruz Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Santacrucian | Aisol Formation | Argentina | San Rafael Block |
| Santacrucian | Cantaure Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Santacrucian | Castillo Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Santacrucian | Cerro Boleadoras Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Santacrucian | Chaguaramas Formation | Venezuela | Eastern Venezuela Basin |
| Santacrucian | Chilcatay Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Santacrucian | Chucal Formation - Chucal fauna | Chile | Altiplano Basin |
| Santacrucian | Cura-Mallín Group | Chile | Cura-Mallín Basin |
| Santacrucian | Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Santacrucian | Jimol Formation | Colombia | Cocinetas Basin |
| Santacrucian | Mariño Formation | Argentina | Cuyo Basin |
| Santacrucian | Pinturas Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Santacrucian | Río Yuca Formation | Venezuela | Barinas-Apure Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Colhué Huapí Member | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Abanico Formation | Chile | Abanico Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Biblián Formation | Ecuador | Cuenca Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Castillo Formation | Venezuela | Falcón Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Cerro Bandera Formation | Argentina | Neuquén Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Chichinales Formation | Argentina | Neuquén Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Chilcatay Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Cura-Mallín Group | Chile | Cura-Mallín Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Gaiman Formation | Argentina | Valdés Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation | Argentina | Colorado Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Monte León Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Montera Formation | Peru | Sechura Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | Amazon Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Río Jeinemeni Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Colhuehuapian | Uitpa Formation | Colombia | Cocinetas Basin |
| Deseadan | Deseado Formation | Argentina | Deseado Massif |
| Deseadan | Abanico Formation | Chile | Abanico Basin |
| Deseadan | Agua de la Piedra Formation | Argentina | Precordillera |
| Deseadan | Barzalosa Formation | Colombia | Upper Magdalena Valley |
| Deseadan | Chambira Formation | Peru | Ucayali Basin |
| Deseadan | Chilcatay Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Deseadan | Dos Bocas Formation | Ecuador | Progreso Basin |
| Deseadan | Fray Bentos Formation | Argentina Uruguay | Paraná Basin |
| Deseadan | Gaiman Formation | Argentina | Valdés Basin |
| Deseadan | Mariño Formation | Argentina | Cuyo Basin |
| Deseadan | Monte León Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Deseadan | Moquegua Formation | Peru | Moquegua Basin |
| Deseadan | Mugrosa Formation | Colombia | Middle Magdalena Valley |
| Deseadan | Petaca Formation | Bolivia | Subandean Belt |
| Deseadan | "Puca Group" - Lacayani fauna | Bolivia | Subandean Belt |
| Deseadan | Río Baguales Formation | Chile | Aysén Basin |
| Deseadan | Salla Formation | Bolivia | Salla-Luribay Basin |
| Deseadan | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Deseadan | Tremembé Formation/São Paulo Formation | Brazil | Taubaté Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Abanico Formation - Tinguiririca fauna | Chile | Abanico Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Entre-Corrégos Formation | Brazil | Aiuruoca Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Gualanday Group | Colombia | Central Colombian Ranges |
| Tinguirirican | Laguna Brava Formation | Argentina | Precordillera |
| Tinguirirican | Loreto Formation | Chile | Magallanes Basin |
| Tinguirirican | El Milagro Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Otuma Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Seca Formation | Ecuador | Progreso Basin |
| Tinguirirican | Soncco Formation | Peru | Eastern Peruvian Andes |
| Divisaderan | Divisadero Largo Formation | Argentina | Cuyo Basin |
| Divisaderan | Abanico Formation | Chile | Abanico Basin |
| Divisaderan | Andesitas Huancache Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Divisaderan | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Divisaderan | Leticia Formation | Argentina | Austral Basin |
| Divisaderan | Loreto Formation | Chile | Magallanes Basin |
| Divisaderan | Paracas Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Divisaderan | Pozo Formation | Peru | Ucayali Basin |
| Divisaderan | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Divisaderan | Soncco Formation | Peru | Eastern Peruvian Andes |
| Divisaderan | Yumaque Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Mustersan | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Mustersan | Abanico Formation | Chile | Abanico Basin |
| Mustersan | Andesitas Huancache Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Mustersan | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Mustersan | Geste Formation | Argentina | Puna Plateau |
| Mustersan | Laguna del Hunco Formation | Argentina | Cañadón Asfalto Basin |
| Mustersan | Paracas Formation | Peru | Pisco Basin |
| Mustersan | Pozo Formation | Peru | Ucayali Basin |
| Mustersan | Soncco Formation | Peru | Eastern Peruvian Andes |
| Mustersan | Vaca Mahuida Formation | Argentina | Neuquén Basin |
| Mustersan | Ventana Formation | Argentina | Neuquén Basin |
| Mustersan | Yahuarango Formation - Santa Rosa fauna | Peru | Ucayali Basin |
| Casamayoran | Casamayor Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Casamayoran | Abanico Formation | Chile | Abanico Basin |
| Casamayoran | Bogotá Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Casamayoran | Cayara Formation | Bolivia | Cochabamba Department |
| Casamayoran | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Casamayoran | Fonseca Formation | Brazil | Fonseca Basin |
| Casamayoran | Guabirotuba Formation | Brazil | Curitiba Basin |
| Casamayoran | Huitrera Formation | Argentina | Neuquén Basin |
| Casamayoran | Laguna del Hunco Formation | Argentina | Cañadón Asfalto Basin |
| Casamayoran | Los Cuervos Formation | Colombia | Cesar-Ranchería Basin |
| Casamayoran | Lumbrera Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Casamayoran | Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Casamayoran | Quebrada de los Colorados Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Casamayoran | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Riochican | Río Chico Group | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Riochican | Bogotá Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Riochican | Bororó Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Riochican | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Riochican | Koluel Kaike Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Riochican | Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Riochican | Mogollón Formation | Peru | Talara & Tumbes Basins |
| Riochican | Muñani Formation | Peru | Altiplano Basin |
| Riochican | Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Riochican | Río Loro Formation | Argentina | Sierras Pampeanas |
| Riochican | Salamanca Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Itaboraian | Itaboraí Formation | Brazil | Itaboraí Basin |
| Itaboraian | Bogotá Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Itaboraian | Cerrejón Formation | Colombia | Cesar-Ranchería Basin |
| Itaboraian | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Itaboraian | Koluel Kaike Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Itaboraian | Las Flores Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Itaboraian | Maíz Gordo Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Itaboraian | Mealla Formation | Argentina | Salta Basin |
| Itaboraian | Mogollón Formation | Peru | Talara & Tumbes Basins |
| Itaboraian | Muñani Formation | Peru | Altiplano Basin |
| Itaboraian | Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Itaboraian | Río Loro Formation | Argentina | Sierras Pampeanas |
| Peligran | Peñas Coloradas Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Peligran | Bogotá Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Peligran | Cerrejón Formation | Colombia | Cesar-Ranchería Basin |
| Peligran | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Peligran | Guaduas Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Peligran | Salamanca Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |
| Peligran | Santa Lucía Formation | Bolivia | Potosí Basin |
| Tiupampan | Santa Lucía Formation | Bolivia | Potosí Basin |
| Tiupampan | Chota Formation | Peru | Bagua Basin |
| Tiupampan | Guaduas Formation | Colombia | Altiplano Cundiboyacense |
| Tiupampan | Lefipán Formation | Argentina | Cañadón Asfalto Basin |
| Tiupampan | Maria Farinha Formation | Brazil | Paraíba Basin |
| Tiupampan | Salamanca Formation | Argentina | Golfo San Jorge Basin |

## Fossil content

| SALMA | Group | Fossils | Formation | Notes |
| Lujanian | Mammals | Calomys callosus, Chaetophractus villosus, Ctenomys lujanensis, C. magellanicus, Dilobodon lujanensis, Doedicurus clavicaudatus, Dolichotis patagonum, Dusicyon avus, Eligmodontia typus, Equus (Amerhippus) cf. curvidens, Equus caballus, Eulamaops paralellus, Eutatus seguini, Galea musteloides, Glossotherium myloides, G. robustum, Glyptodon clavipes, G. perforatus, G. reticulatus, G. rudimentarius, Hemiauchenia paradoxa, Hippidion devillei, H. principale, Holochilus brasiliensis, Lagostomus maximus, Lama glama, L. gracilis, L. guanicoe, Lestodelphys halli, Lestodon armatus, L. gaudryi, L. trigonidens, Lontra longicaudis, Lycalopex gymnocercus, Lyncodon patagonicus, Macrauchenia patachonica, Megatherium americanum, Microcavia australis, M. robusta, Morenelaphus azpeitianus, M. lujanensis, Myocastor coypus, M. priscus, Neochoerus aesopi, Neochoerus sulcidens, Neuryurus rudis, Notiomastodon platensis, Pampatherium typum, Panochthus tuberculatus, Panthera onca, Panthera platensis, Pediolagus salinicola, Pseudalopex gymnocercus, Reithrodon auritus, R. cf. physodes, Scelidotherium leptocephalum, Smilodon populator, Stegomastodon superbus, Tayassu tajacu, Tolypeutes tricinctus matacus, Toxodon bilobidens, T. platensis, Arctotherium sp., Neosclerocalyptus sp. | Luján | [220][221] [222][223] [224][225] [226][227] |
| Lujanian | Mammals | Holmesina rondoniensis | Rio Madeira | |
| Lujanian | Birds | Cathartes fossilis, Lagopterus minutus, Nannopterum brasilianum, Sarcorhamphus fossilis | Luján | |
| Lujanian | Insects | Cyclocephala signaticollis, Diloboderus abderus, Epipedonota cristallisata, Nyctelia picipes, Scotobius pilularius | Luján | [229] [230] |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Epieurycerus truncus, Tonnicinctus mirus | Ensenada | |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Balaenoptera musculus, Eubalaena australis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Ziphiidae indet. | Graxaim | |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Homotherium venezuelensis, Smilodon gracilis, Tapirus sp. | Mesa | |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Eutatus sp., Mesotherium sp., Neosclerocalyptus sp., Palaeolama sp. | Miramar | |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Equus (Amerhippus) andium, Equus (Amerhippus) insulatus, Andinomys cf. edea, Arctodus tarijensis, A. wingei, Arctotherium tarijense, A. wingei, Calomys cf. lancha, Canis dirus, Canis proplatensis, Chaetophractus tarijensis, C. villosus, Charitoceros tarijensis, Chlamydotherium cf. sellowi, Chrysocyon brachyurus, Coendou magnus, Conepatus suffocans, Ctenomys brachyrhinus, C. subassentiens, Cuvieronius hyodon, C. tropicus, Dasypus cf. villosus, Dicotyles cf. major, Euphractus sexcinctus, Euryzygomatomys hoffstetteri, Felis platensis, Felis yaguaroundi, Glossotherium robustum, G. tarijensis, Glyptodon clavipes, G. reticulatus, Hemiauchenia cf. paradoxa, Hippidion bonaerensis, H. devillei, H. principale, Hoplophorus echazui, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Kunsia fronto, Lama castelnaudi, L. glama, L. intermedia, L. mesolithica, L. cf. oweni, L. provicugna, Lestodon armatus, Lutreolina crassicaudata, Macrauchenia patagonica, Megatherium americanum, M. tarijensis, Myocastor coypus, M. perditus, Nectomys cf. squamipes, Neochoerus tarijensis, Neothoracophorus cf. elevatus, Nothropus tarijensis, Oxymycterus cf. paranensis, Palaeolama crequii, P. weddeli, Pampatherium cf. humboldtii, Panochthus cf. tuberculatus, Panthera onca, Phyllotis cf. darwini, Platygonus tarijensis, Propraopus sulcatus, Protocyon tarijensis, Pseudalopex gymnocercus, Puma concolor, Reigomys primigenus, Scelidodon tarijensis, Scelidotherium patrium, Smilodon populator, Tapirus tarijensis, Tapirus terrestris terrestris, Theriodictis tarijensis, Toxodon cf. platensis, Haplomastodon sp., Hippocamelus sp., Hydrochoerus sp., Nasua sp., Notiomastodon sp. | Tarija | [237] [238][239] |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Hippidion devillei, Pardinamys humahuaquensis, Pseudomacrauchenia yepesi, Glyptodon sp., ?Neuryurus sp., cf. Palaeolama sp., Scelidotherium sp., Cervidae indet. | Uquía | |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Glyptodon munizi | Vorohué | |
| Ensenadan | Mammals | Hippidion principale, Holmesina paulacoutoi, Lestodon armatus, Macrauchenia patagonica, Megatherium americanum, Neolicaphrium recens, Notiomastodon platensis, Pampatherium typum, Panthera onca, Smilodon populator, Tayassu pecari, Toxodon platensis, Arctotherium sp., Dolichotis sp., Euphractus sp., Galea sp., Glyptodon sp., Lama sp., Mazama sp., Myocastor sp., Neosclerocalyptus sp., Panochthus sp., Propraopus sp., Scelidodon sp., Stegomastodon sp., Theriodictis sp., Tolypeutes sp. | Yupoí | |
| Ensenadan | Birds | Neochen debilis | Belgrano | |
| Ensenadan | Birds | Anas bahamensis, Anas cheuen, Callonetta talarae, Pleistoanser bravardi, Zonotrichia robusta | Miramar | [236][246] [247][248] [249] |
| Ensenadan | Birds | Vultur gryphus | Tarija | |
| Ensenadan | Reptiles & amphibians | Leiosaurus marellii | La Ensenada | |
| Ensenadan | Reptiles & amphibians | Caiman venezuelensis, Crocodylia indet. | Mesa | |
| Ensenadan | Reptiles & amphibians | Bufo cf. marinus, Ceratophrys sp. | Tarija | |
| Ensenadan | Fishes | Pogonias cromis | Graxaim | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Chaetophractus cf. villosus, Ctenomys chapadmalensis, Hippidion devillei, Hydrochoeropsis dasseni, Lestodon ?castellanosi, Megatherium ?uquiensis, Paraglyptodon uquiensis, Platygonus uquiensis, Pyramiodontherium ?carlesi, Windhausenia delacroixi, Xiphuroides uquiensis, Erethizon sp., ?Panochthus sp., Urotherium sp., Doedicurinae indet., Euphractinae indet., Gomphotheriidae indet., Sclerocalyptinae indet. | Uquía | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Macrauchenia cf. ullomensis, Glossotherium sp., Plaxhaplous sp., Cervidae indet. | Charana | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Megatherium medinae | Chíu-Chíu | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Aenigmys diamantensis, Eumysops sp. | Hernandarías | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Thalassocnus yaucensis | Pisco | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Panochthus intermedius | Sacaba | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Eumysops marplatensis, Neuryurus sp. | San Andrés | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Palaeolama weddelli, Doedicurus sp. | San José | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Macrauchenia patagonica, Scelidodon cf. tarijensis, Cervidae indet. | Umala | |
| Uquian | Mammals | Eumysops cavoides, E. marplatensis, Galictis sorgentini, Leopardus vorohuensis, Platygonus chapalmalensis, Protocyon scagliaruen, Smilodon riggii, Canis sp., Catagonus sp., Didelphis sp., Dolichotis sp., Dusicyon sp., Hippidion sp., Lagostomus sp., Lama sp., Megatherium sp., Mesotherium sp., Microcavia sp., Microtragulus sp., Paedotherium sp., Palaeolama sp., Pithanotomys sp., Tremacyllus sp., Toxodon sp., Windhausenia sp. | Vorohué | [257] [261][262] |
| Uquian | Birds | Phalacrocorax aff. bougainvillii | Pisco | |
| Uquian | Birds | Aratinga vorohuensis | Vorohué | |
| Uquian | Reptiles | Uquiasaurus heptanodonta | Uquía | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Didelphis brachyodonta, Didelphis reigi, Lutreolina cf. crassicaudata, Paraglyptodon chapalmalensis, Platygonus marplatensis, Thylophorops chapalmalensis, Marmosa indet. | Chapadmalal | [266][267] [268][269] [270] |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Paedotherium typicum, Paramyocastor diligens, Eumysops sp. | Puerto Alvear | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Abrothrix magnus, Chukimys favaloroi | Brochero | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Caviodon multiplicatus, Doellotatus chapadmalensis, Dolicavia minuscula, Eucelophorus cf. chapalmalensis, Macrochorobates chapadmalensis, Macroeuphractus retusus, Paedotherium bonaerense, P. typicum, Pascualia aff. laeviplicata, Tremacyllus impressus, Actenomys sp., Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) sp., Pithanotomys sp. | Río Quinto | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | aff. Holmesina floridianus, Marisela gregoriana, Pliodasypus vergelianus, Boreostemma sp., Cardiatherium sp., cf. Caviodon sp., Cyonasua sp., Neoepiblema sp., Megatheriidae indet., Toxodontidae indet. | San Gregorio | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Artigasia magna, Plesiomegatherium hansmeyeri, Pliomegatherium sp. | San José | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Chorobates villosissimus, cf. Doellotatus inornatus, Lomaphorops corallinus, Neuryurus cf. giganteus, Pyramiodontherium scillatoyanei, Xyophorus aff. bandesioi, Eoauchenia sp., Paleuphractus sp., cf. Plesiomegatherium sp., Propediolagus sp., cf. Proscelidodon sp., Protabrocoma sp., cf. Urotherium sp. | Toro Negro | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Ctenomys chapadmalensis, Doellotatus chapadmalensis, Paraglyptodon uquiensis, Microcavia sp., Plaina sp., Scelidotheridium sp. | Uquía | |
| Chapadmalalan | Mammals | Hydrochoeropsis wayuu, Pliomegatherium lelongi, Chapalmalania sp., ?Hyperleptus sp., Nothrotherium sp., Camelidae indet., Caviidae indet., Erethizontidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Lestodontini indet., Megalonychidae indet., Mylodontidae indet., Pampatheriidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet., Scelidotheriinae indet., Tardigrada indet., Toxodontidae indet. | Ware | [281][282] [283] |
| Chapadmalalan | Birds | Llallawavis scagliai | Playa Los Lobos Allo | |
| Chapadmalalan | Reptiles & amphibians | Rhinella loba | Chapadmalal | |
| Chapadmalalan | Reptiles & amphibians | Anura indet., Squamata indet., Serpentes indet. | Brochero | |
| Chapadmalalan | Reptiles & amphibians | Crocodylus falconensis | San Gregorio | |
| Chapadmalalan | Reptiles & amphibians | Crocodylus sp., Alligatoridae indet., Crocodylidae indet., Podocnemididae indet. | Ware | |
| Chapadmalalan | Fishes | Carcharhinidae indet., Characidae indet., Cichlidae indet., Cynodontidae indet., Doradidae indet., Myliobatidae indet., Pimelodidae indet., Pristidae indet., Sciaenidae indet., Serrasalmidae indet., Sphyrnidae indet. | Ware | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Actenomys latidens, A. priscus, Argyrolagus palmeri, Caviodon australis, Doellotatus inornatus, Eleutherocercus antiquus, Eoauchenia primitiva, Eucelophorus cabrerai, Eumysops formosus, E. laeviplicatus, Holozaedyus laevisculptus, Hyperdidelphys inexpectata, Kraglievichimys formosus, Lagostomus euplasius, L. incises, Macrochorobates chapadmalensis, Marmosa contrerasi, Myrmecophaga caroloameghinoi, Necromys bonapartei, Notocynus hermosicus, Paedotherium bonaerense, P. typicum, Parahyaenodon argentinus, Paramyocastor diligens, Phugatherium cataclisticum, Phtoramys homogenidens, Pithanotomys columnaris, P. macer, Plaina cf. intermedia, Plohophorus figuratus, Promacrauchenia antiqua, P. kraglievichi, Proscelidodon patrius, Pseudoplataeomys formosus, Pseudotypotherium bravardi, Thylatheridium pascuali, Toxodon chapalmalensis, Tremacyllus impressus, Trigodon gaudryi, Caviodon sp., Chorobates sp., Lestodon sp., Lutreolina sp., Macroeuphractus sp., Neocavia sp., Neophanomys sp., Orthomyctera sp., Palaeocavia sp., Paleuphractus sp., Phugatherium sp., Prodolichotis sp., Pseudotypotherium sp., Sparassocynus sp., Caviidae indet., Cricetidae indet., Dasypodidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet., Rodentia indet., Sigmodontinae sp., Toxodontidae indet. | Monte Hermoso | [288] [289][290] [291][292] [293][294] [295][296] |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Xotodon caravela | Aconquija | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Brachytherium laternarium, Cardiomys ameghinorum, Cavia cabrerai, Caviodon andalhualensis, Chapalmalania alteafrontis, Chorobates scalabrini, Cyonasua brevirostris, Eosclerocalyptus planus, Hemihegetotherium robustum, Microtragulus catamarcensis, Neophanomys biplicatus, Neotamandua conspicua, Orthomyctera andina, Palaeomyrmidon incomptus, Paradidelphys pattersonii, Paraeuphractus prominens, Phlyctaenopyga ameghinoi, Pithanotomys columnaris, Prodolichotis prisca, Promacrauchenia antiqua, Pyramiodontherium bergi, Scelidotherium pendolai, Sphenotherus zavaletianus, Stromaphorus compressidens, Tetrastylus intermedius, Tremacyllus latifrons, Typotheriopsis internum, Palaeocavia sp., Thylacosmilus sp., Toxodontherium sp., Xotodon sp. | Andalhuala | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Hemisyntrachelus sp. | Bahía Inglesa | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Balaenopteridae indet., Odontoceti indet., Otariidae indet. | Caleta Herradura | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Plesiotypotherium casirense, Simomylodon uccasamamensis | Casira | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Bolivartherium codorensis, Boreostemma pliocena, Falcontoxodon aguilerai, cf. Ischyrorhynchus vanbenedeni, Mirandabradys zabasi, Proeremotherium eljebe, Alitoxodon sp., Plesiomegatherium sp. | Codore | [303] [304][305] [306][307] [308][309] |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Delphinus domeykoi, Megaptera hubachi, Pliopontos sp., ?Squalodon sp., Balaenidae indet. | Coquimbo | [310][311] [312] |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Borhyaenidium riggsi | Corral Quemado | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi, Macroeuphractus aff. moreni, Neosclerocalyptus sp., cf. Plohophorops sp., cf. Promacrauchenia sp. | La Paz | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Anadasypus aequatorianus, Caviomorpha indet., Litopterna indet., Toxodontia indet. | Letrero | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Cetacea indet. | Paraguaná | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Posnanskytherium sp., Promacrauchenia sp., Mylodontidae indet. | Remedios | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Plohophorus aff. figuratus | Río Negro | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Oxyodontherium zeballosi | Río Quinto | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Catonyx tarijensis | San José | |
| Montehermosan | Mammals | Aymaratherium jeani, Megatherium altiplanicum, Microtragulus bolivianus, Phugatherium saavedrai, Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi, Praectenomys rhombidens, P. vagus, Sparassocynus heterotopicus, Macroeuphractus sp., cf. Plaina sp., cf. Promacrauchenia sp., ?Caenolestidae indet., Mylodontinae indet. | Umala | [321] [322][323] |
| Montehermosan | Birds | Chunga incerta, Dryornis pampeanus, Eudromia cf. elegans, Foetopterus ambiguus, Mesembriornis milneedwardsi, Palaeociconia australis, Protorhea azarae, Tinamisornis intermedius, T. parvulus, Dendrocygninae indet. | Monte Hermoso | |
| Montehermosan | Birds | Opisthodactylus kirchneri | Andalhuala | |
| Montehermosan | Birds | Pygoscelis grandis, Spheniscus anglicus | Bahía Inglesa | |
| Montehermosan | Birds | Spheniscus chilensis, Milvago sp., Phalacrocorax sp. | Caleta Herradura | |
| Montehermosan | Birds | cf. Palaeospheniscus sp., Spheniscus sp., Diomedeidae indet., Spheniscidae indet. | Coquimbo | |
| Montehermosan | Reptiles & amphibians | Ceratophrys ameghinorum, Chelonoidis cf. australis, Lepidobatrachus australis, L. laevis, Testudo formosa, Leptodactylus sp., Tupinambis sp., Bufonidae indet., Colubridae indet. | Monte Hermoso | [328] [289][290] [291][329] |
| Montehermosan | Reptiles & amphibians | Caiman sp., Gavialoidea indet. | Ipururo | |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Characidae indet., Percichthyidae indet., Trichomycteridae indet. | Monte Hermoso | |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Carcharodon carcharias, Prionace glauca | Bahía Inglesa | |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Carcharodon carcharias, Carcharias sp., Carcharhinus sp., Chondrichthyes indet., Myliobatidae indet. | Caleta Herradura | |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Carcharodon carcharias | Coquimbo | |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Megalodon, Brotula cf. ordwayi, Carcharhinus egertoni, Carcharhinus priscus, Chilara taylori, Eucinostomus cf. currani, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Isistius triangulus, Larimus cf. pacificus, Lepophidium microlepis, Merluccius cf. angustimanus, Negaprion eurybathrodon, Odontaspis acutissima, Orthopristis cf. cantharinus, Otophidium indefatigabile, Paraconger californiensis, Porichthys analis, P. margaritatus, P. cf. notatus, Rhizoprionodon taxandriae, Anchoa sp., Apogon sp., Citharichthys sp., Diaphus sp., Haemulon sp., Lampadena sp., Cynoglossidae indet., Gerreidae indet., Gobiidae indet., Opistognathidae indet., Pleuronectidae indet., ?Serranidae indet. | Onzole | [333][334] [335] |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Megalodon | Paraguaná | |
| Montehermosan | Fishes | Megalodon, Carcharodon hastalis, Hexanchus griseus, Pristiophorus sp. | Puerta del Diablo | |