OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eddington Medal

The Eddington Medal is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society for investigations of outstanding merit in theoretical astrophysics. It is named after Sir Arthur Eddington. First awarded in 1953, the frequency of the prize has varied over the years, at times being every one, two or three years. Since 2013 it has been awarded annually.

## Recipients

Source is unless otherwise noted.
* 1953 Georges Lemaître
* 1955 Hendrik C. van de Hulst
* 1958 Horace W. Babcock
* 1959 James Stanley Hey
* 1960 Robert d'Escourt Atkinson
* 1961 Hans Albrecht Bethe
* 1962 André Lallemand
* 1963 J. A. R. Sandage, Martin Schwarzschild
* 1964 Herbert Friedman, Richard Tousey
* 1965 Robert Pound, Glen A. Rebka
* 1966 Rupert Wildt
* 1967 Robert F. Christy
* 1968 Robert Hanbury Brown, Richard Q. Twiss
* 1969 Antony Hewish
* 1970 Chūshirō Hayashi
* 1971 Desmond George King-Hele
* 1972 Paul Ledoux
* 1975 Stephen Hawking, Roger Penrose
* 1978 William A. Fowler
* 1981 Philip James Edwin Peebles
* 1984 Donald Lynden-Bell
* 1987 Bohdan Paczyński
* 1990 Icko Iben
* 1993 Leon Mestel
* 1996 Alan Guth
* 1999 Roger Blandford
* 2002 Douglas O. Gough
* 2005 Rudolph Kippenhahn
* 2007 Igor D. Novikov
* 2009 Jim Pringle
* 2011 Gilles Chabrier
* 2013 James Binney
* 2014 Andrew King
* 2015 Rashid Sunyaev
* 2016 Anthony Bell
* 2017 Cathie Clarke
* 2018 Claudia Maraston
* 2019 Bernard F. Schutz
* 2020 Steven Balbus
* 2021 Hiranya Peiris
* 2022 Alan Heavens
* 2023 Monika Mościbrodzka
* 2024 Pedro Ferreira
* 2025 Douglas C. Heggie
# Homesick (Kane Brown song)

"Homesick" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Kane Brown. It was released as the third single to his second album, Experiment, on August 5, 2019. Brown wrote the song with Brock Berryhill, Matt McGinn, and Taylor Phillips, and it was produced by Dann Huff.

## Content

"Homesick" was co-written by Brown with Brock Berryhill, Matt McGinn, and Taylor Phillips about Brown's own "experience traveling on the road and being away from his loved ones," but the singer dedicated the song to military families: "I thought, 'There's not many songs going out these days about the military like there used to be.' I felt like this would really hit home for them. Just kind of like memories of, you know, anybody dancing in a kitchen, singing favorite songs with each other." Brown got his inspiration for the song while at a tattoo parlor when the artist suggested he put the word "homesick" on his knuckles, and he started writing the song on his bus before a performance at Coyote Joe's in Charlotte, North Carolina.

## Chart performance

"Homesick" debuted at number 24 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated September 22, 2018, before its initial release as a single. It later debuted at number 45 on the Billboard Country Airplay chart dated August 17, 2019. It also debuted at number 95 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart dated November 30, 2019. It reached number one on Country Airplay in March 2020, which is Brown's fifth consecutive number one on the chart.
As of March 2020, the song has sold 136,000 copies in the US. On December 7, 2023, the single was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and streaming equivalent units of over three million units in the United States.

## Music video

The music video for "Homesick" premiered on September 20, 2018. In it, Brown is shown performing the song for the California National Guard, interspersed with a compilation of clips that show service members returning home to their families.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 2× Platinum | 160,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Chester Mental Health Center

The Chester Mental Health Center is the only State of Illinois' maximum security forensic mental health facility for those committed via a court order or deemed an escape risk. The facility is operated by the State of Illinois in Chester, Illinois, and is a part of the Illinois Department of Human Services, formerly the Illinois Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities. It is adjacent to the Menard Correctional Center. The other secure mental health center in Illinois is Elgin Mental Health Center, which houses women as well as men. Chester Mental Health Center is a men's facility.

## History

The Board of Charities recommended a separate institution for the criminally insane as early as 1878. In 1879, the legislature authorized such a facility, but the appropriation was not used for this. In 1883, the governor again tried to fund a new institution, but there was disagreement over the site with both Springfield and Joliet as possibilities. In 1889, the legislature established the Asylum for Insane Criminals, and it received its first patients on November 2, 1891. W.T. Patterson transferred from the staff of Elgin State Hospital to become its first Superintendent. Control of the institution was placed with the Commissioners of the Southern Penitentiary at Menard. The original building on the penitentiary grounds was poorly constructed and was eventually torn down. A replacement was built on a separate campus near Chester, Illinois. When the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities was abolished in 1909, the institute was reorganized and renamed Chester State Hospital effective January 1, 1910. In 1917, the Department of Public Welfare assumed responsibility for Chester State Hospital and retained control until the creation of the Department of Mental Health in 1961 (L. 1961, p. 2666). In 1975, the hospital changed its name to the Chester Mental Health Center.

## Today

The hospital is primarily used to care for forensic patients who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity, those persons found unfit to stand trial, and those who cannot be housed in a less secure setting. The patients (not convicts, as they have not been sentenced to a correctional facility) are required by Illinois law to remain confined in a mental hospital for a period of time.

## Attempted closing

In late 2011 Illinois Gov. Pat Quinn attempted to close down this facility, citing cost as the reason. However, it was decided that Chester Mental Health must remain open because there is no other maximum security mental facility to house people found unfit to stand trial or not guilty by reason of insanity in the state of Illinois.
# The Casco

The Casco is an eighteen-story apartment building at 201 Federal Street in Portland, Maine, United States. Upon its completion in 2023, it inherited the titles of the tallest building in Portland as well as the tallest residential building in Maine from nearby Franklin Towers, on Cumberland Avenue, which held the record since its completion in 1969. 201 Federal Street is 204.5 feet (62.3 m), which surpasses Franklin Towers by 29.5 feet (9.0 m). It is the third-tallest building in the state, behind St. Joseph's Church in Biddeford and the Agora Grand Event Center in Lewiston.
A zoning amendment was granted by the City of Portland in March 2021, allowing the height to be achieved.
The first floor is commercial space; the other seventeen floors are residential, containing 266 apartments.
The building is owned by Redfern Downtown LLC, a subsidiary of Redfern Properties. It was built by Landry/French Construction from Scarborough, Maine.
# Instant Karma (film)

Instant Karma is a 1990 romantic drama film directed by Roderick Taylor. Starring Craig Sheffer, Chelsea Noble, David Cassidy in his feature film debut, Alan Blumenfeld, Glenn Hirsch, Marty Ingels and Orson Bean, the film involves around Zane (Sheffer), a TV producer looking for romance.

## Plot

Zane (Craig Sheffer) is writer-producer of the TV show "Rock & Roll P.I." Although a successful young man, he is lonely and having a particularly bad week. He has a confrontation with the show's temperamental star, Reno (David Cassidy), on the set of the show. Zane and his co-writer David (Glenn Hirsch) are pitching a script to producer Jon Clark (Marty Ingels). By the end of the meeting, Jon says he loves the story, but wants to change the script completely. Zane's accountant tells him that the Internal Revenue Service is planning to perform an audit of his investments. Zane also has an encounter with an actress, Penelope (Chelsea Noble).
Zane begins dating Penelope and things go smoothly. Then one afternoon while on the set, Reno gives Zane drugs, claiming that they are harmless pills which will relax him. Later that evening, Zane takes them while on a date with Penelope and begins acting strange. Zane wakes up the next morning to discover that the pills were hallucinogens and that he only imagined most of the evening's events. He immediately calls Penelope's place, and a man answers the phone. Jumping to conclusions, Zane goes to see Penelope and becomes upset. Back at his accountant's office later that day, Zane is told he owes half a million dollars in back taxes. He is also informed that Reno has been arrested for drug abuse and that the show is being cancelled. On his way home, Zane is in a near-fatal car accident. Accompanied by his faithful basset hound Wolfgang, he walks all the way to Penelope's home and declares his love for her.

## Cast

* Craig Sheffer as Zane Smith
* Chelsea Noble as Penelope Powell
* David Cassidy as Reno
* Glenn Hirsch as David
* Orson Bean as Dr. Berlin
* James Gallery as Jerry
* Alan Blumenfeld as Oscar Meyer
* William Smith as William "Pop" Dean
* Doug Steindorff as Stoned Husband
* Gail Villegas as Dancer
* Amy Lee Waddell as Julie
* Kristina Wotkyns as Cindy
* John Lacy as Lucius
* Rebekka Armstrong as Jamie
* Dan Lee Clark as Steve Elias
* Gary Burden as Jesus Man
* Brigitte Burdine as Dancer
* Sarah Buxton as Cathy
* Keri Jo Chapman as Dancer
* Gino Conforti as The Director
* Catherine M. Cummings as Shakra Zula
* Blackie Dammett as Ed Polisky
* Rick Diamond as 1st A.D.
* Steve Fuji as Boom Man
* Marty Ingels as Jon Clark
* Richard Le Pore as John Radcliff
* Sandy Newlands as Dancer
* Tiffanie Poston as Laura
* Ashley Quaine as Janet
* Larry B. Scott as Clapper Boy
* Annette Sinclair as Amy
# Colin Prentice

Iain Colin Prentice (born 25 June 1952) is a British ecologist who holds the AXA chair in biosphere and climate impacts at Imperial College London and an honorary chair in ecology and evolution at Macquarie University in Australia.

## Education

Prentice was educated at the University of Cambridge where he studied the natural sciences tripos and was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1973 followed by a PhD in botany in 1977 for studies on pollen spectra.

## Career and research

Prentice has held academic and research leadership appointments in several countries, including the chair of plant ecology at Lund University and a founding directorship of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry. He led the research programme quantifying and understanding the earth system for the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). He developed the standard model for pollen source area, popularized now widely used techniques to analyse species composition along environmental gradients, and led the international development of successive generations of large-scale ecosystem models – from equilibrium biogeography (BIOME) to coupled biogeochemistry and vegetation dynamics (LPJ). As of 2018 his research applies eco-evolutionary optimality concepts to develop and test new quantitative theory for plant and ecosystem function and land-atmosphere exchanges of energy, water and carbon dioxide, with the goal of more robust and reliable numerical modelling of land processes in the earth system science.
# Alexander Lukomsky

Alexander Sergeyevich Lukomsky (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Лукомский; Ukrainian: Олександр Сергійович Лукомський; 22 July [O.S. 10 July] 1868 – 25 January 1939) was a Russian military commander, General Staff, Lieutenant-General (April 1916). He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and was one of the organizers of Volunteer army during the Russian Civil War.

## Life

Lukomsky graduated from the Nikolaev Engineering School in 1888. From 1888 to 1892 he served in a sapper battalion and from 1898, company commander and senior adjutant of the staff of the 12th Infantry Division. He graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in 1897.
Lukomsky fought alongside Anton Denikin during the Russian Civil War and visited Nikolai Romanov, one of the pretenders to the Imperial throne following the Jassy Conference where nine voted for Denikin compared to four for Nikolai.
Lukomsky died on 25 January, 1939, in Paris, France.
# No tengo madre

No tengo madre (English title: I have no mother) is a Mexican comedy telenovela produced by Carlos Sotomayor for Televisa in 1997.
On March 10, 1997, Canal de las Estrellas started broadcasting No tengo madre weekdays at 8:00pm, replacing Alguna vez tendremos alas. The last episode was broadcast on May 2, 1997, with Esmeralda replacing it the following Monday.
Natalia Esperón and Eugenio Derbez starred as protagonists.

## Cast

* Eugenio Derbez as Eligio Augusto Maldonado/Julio Remigio Vasconcelos
* Natalia Esperón as Abril Vasconcelos
* Saby Kamalich as Tina Tomassi
* Susana Alexander as María Malpica
* Norma Lazareno as Margarita Malpica
* Raymundo Capetillo as Norberto Nerón
* Manuel Ojeda as Indalecio Madrazo/Inocencio Lemus Smasht
* María Rubio as Mamá Sarita
* Anadela as Consuelito Pulido #1
* Andrea Legarreta as Consuelito Pulido #2
* Anthony Álvarez as Angelito
* Héctor Ortega as Ezequiel
* Aurora Alonso as Doña Cata
* Daniel Martínez as Tyson
* Malena Doria as Gudelia
* José Sierra as Maritzo
* Roberto Antúnez
* René Gatica
* Luis Alberto Lacona
* Víctor Lozada
* Genoveva Moreno
* Marcela Pezet
* Georgette Terrazas
* Jeanette Terrazas
* Genaro Vásquez
* Guillermo Zarur
* Vanessa del Rocío
* Gabriel Lozada
* Flavio
# Chicago Lakeshore Hospital

Chicago Lakeshore Hospital was a private behavioral health and addiction treatment center located in the north side of the city of Chicago, Illinois.
In 2011 the hospital was cited for poor staffing, lax oversight, and numerous reports of sexual assault. Chicago Lakeshore Hospital opened its children's psychiatric center in 2013.
In 2018, Federal authorities announced they were pulling funding from the hospital under investigation following numerous allegations of sexual abuse, assault and patient safety violations. All children in state care were removed from the facility after the ACLU of Illinois took action. Later that year, the facility's Medicare agreement was terminated.
In 2020, the hospital closed, discharging its final patient after years of scrutiny. The COVID-19 pandemic was cited as the reason for the facility’s closure.
In 2021, Acadia Healthcare purchased the hospital building and announced plans to reopen it as Montrose Behavioral Health Hospital.
# Six-Pack Summer

"Six-Pack Summer" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Phil Vassar. It was released in June 2001 as the fourth single from his album Phil Vassar. It peaked at number 9 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks and at number 56 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The song was written by Vassar, Tommy Rocco and Charlie Black.

## Content

The song paints a vivid picture of summer joys such as barbecuing, suntanning and partying.

## Critical reception

Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it "one of those tunes that will want to make you reach for a six-pack of your favorite beverage and just kick back with the sun on your face." She goes on to say that the song boasts a melody "as breezy as a day at the beach."

## Music video

The music video was directed by Glen Rose, and was filmed at Percy Priest Lake in Nashville. It was released on June 26, 2001.

## Chart positions

It peaked at number 9 on the Hot Country Songs chart on September 15, 2001 and number 56 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on September 22, 2001.
| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 9 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 56 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2001) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 52 |
# Great Western Greenway

The Great Western Greenway (Irish: Bealach Mór an Iarthair) is a greenway rail trail in County Mayo, Ireland. It is 42 kilometres (26 miles) long and begins in Westport and ends in Achill, passing through the towns of Newport and Mulranny as it runs along the coast of Clew Bay. It is an off-road trail intended for use by cyclists and walkers. It follows the route of the former Achill extension of the Midland Great Western Railway's Westport railway line, which was constructed in the 1890s and closed in 1937. An estimated 300 people cycle and walk the trail each day, which was constructed at a cost of €5.7 million. The first section, from Newport to Mulranny, was opened in April 2010. It was named as the 2011 Irish winner of the European Destinations of Excellence award. The full route was opened by Taoiseach Enda Kenny, T. D. and Minister of State for Tourism and Sport, Michael Ring, T. D., on 29 July 2011.
According to a 2013 study, the Great Western Greenway had an average of 471 cycle trips per day, or 172,000 users in total per annum. It brings approximately €405,000 from non-domestic tourists and €737,000 from domestic tourists annually, giving the facility a payback period of 6 years from its initial construction.
After reconstruction of part of the N59 at Kilbride, and completed in September 2013, a section of the greenway that originally shared space on the road with cars and other traffic, is now safely segregated. However, there remains a 1-mile (2-kilometre) section through Newport town where greenway users share road space with other traffic.
In October 2024, a cycle hub providing accessible tricycles opened in Mulranny.
# Kirkwood School

The Kirkwood School, at 138 Kirkwood Rd. in the DeKalb County portion of Atlanta, Georgia, USA, is a complex which was a school until 1996, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The listing included four contributing buildings on 2.9 acres (1.2 ha). It has also been known as Kirkwood Elementary School. It is included in the Kirkwood Historic District.
The original school, built in 1906, was designed by the architects Bruce, Everett and Hayes. The largest building in the campus is the main school building (1922) which was expanded in 1924 and 1928. The campus also includes a cafeteria building (1950) and a library building (1964).
The main Kirkwood school building is a two-story, H-shaped building in the Colonial Revival style, designed by John F. Downing and completed in 1922.
The 1928 expansion added eight classrooms to the north side of the main building, and was designed by G. Lloyd Preacher. It continued the main building's "double-loaded corridor with flanking classrooms" in compatible Colonial Revival style.
Desegregation of the school began in 1965. All eighteen teachers and nearly all of the 500 white students transferred out. In 1967, the Kirkwood neighborhood area became predominantly African American.
# Cruft

Cruft is a jargon word for anything that is left over, redundant and getting in the way. It is used particularly for defective, superseded, useless, superfluous, or dysfunctional elements in computer software.

## History

Around 1958, the term was used in the sense of "garbage" by students frequenting the Tech Model Railroad Club (TMRC) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In the 1959 edition of the club's dictionary, it was defined as "that which magically amounds in the Clubroom just before you walk in to clean up. In other words, rubbage". Its author Peter Samson later explained that this was meant in the sense of "detritus, that which needs to be swept up and thrown out. The dictionary has no definition for 'crufty,' a word I didn't hear until some years later". In 2008 it was also used to refer to alumni who remain socially active at MIT.
The origin of the term is uncertain, but it may be derived from Harvard University's Cruft Laboratory. Built in 1915 as a gift from a donor named Harriet Otis Cruft, it housed the Harvard Physics Department's radar lab during World War II.

## Software

The FreeBSD handbook uses the term to refer to leftover or superseded object code that accumulates in a folder or directory when software is recompiled and new executables and data files are produced. Such cruft, if required for the new executables to work properly, can cause the BSD equivalent of dependency hell. The word is also used to describe instances of unnecessary, leftover or just poorly written source code in a computer program that is then uselessly, or even harmfully, compiled into object code.
Cruft accumulation may result in technical debt, which can subsequently make adding new features or modifying existing features—even to improve performance—more difficult and time-consuming.
In the context of Internet or Web addresses (Uniform Resource Locators or "URLs"), cruft refers to the characters that are relevant or meaningful only to the people who created the site, such as implementation details of the computer system which serves the page. Examples of URL cruft could include filename extensions such as .php or .html, and internal organizational details such as /public/ or /Users/john/work/drafts/.

## Computer hardware

Cruft may also refer to unused and out-of-date computer paraphernalia, collected through upgrading, inheritance, or simple acquisition, both deliberate and through circumstance. This accumulated hardware, however, often has benefit when IT systems administrators, technicians, and the like have need for critical replacement parts. An unused machine or component similar to a production unit could allow near-immediate restoration of the failed unit, as opposed to waiting for a shipped replacement.
# Patrick Kapp

Patrick Wolfgang Kapp (born 20 July 1997) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defender for VSG Altglienicke.

## Career

On 19 June 2017, Kapp signed with FC Sochaux-Montbéliard, joining from the youth academy of 1899 Hoffenheim where he captained their academy sides. Kapp made his professional debut for Sochaux in a 1–1 Ligue 2 tie with Chamois Niortais on 30 March 2018.