# List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest ranking judicial body in the United States. Established by Article III of the Constitution, the Court was organized by the 1st United States Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789, which specified its original and appellate jurisdiction, created 13 judicial districts, and fixed the size of the Supreme Court at six, with one chief justice and five associate justices. During the 19th century, Congress changed the size of the Court on seven occasions, concluding with the Judiciary Act of 1869 which stipulates that the Court consists of the chief justice and eight associate justices.
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court. Nominations to the Supreme Court are considered to be official when the Senate receives a signed nomination letter from the president naming the nominee, which is then entered in the Senate's record. Since 1789, there have been 165 formal nominations (of 146 persons) to the Supreme Court; 128 of them (123 persons) have been confirmed. The most recent nomination to be confirmed was that of Ketanji Brown Jackson in 2022. Of the 37 that were unsuccessful, 11 nominees were rejected in Senate roll-call votes, 12 were withdrawn by the president, and 14 lapsed at the end of a session of Congress. Six of these unsuccessful nominees were subsequently nominated and confirmed to other seats on the Court. Additionally, although confirmed, seven nominees either declined office or (in one instance) died before assuming office.
An important role in this process is played by the Senate Judiciary Committee, which conducts a comprehensive evaluation of a nominee's background and qualifications before the Senate considers the nomination. Once confirmed to a seat on the Court, justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die in office, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office. Even so, as it requires a separate presidential appointment, an incumbent associate justice who is nominated to be chief justice must undergo the confirmation process again.
On rare occasions, presidents have made Supreme Court appointments without the Senate's consent, when the Senate is in recess. Such "recess appointments", however, are temporary, expiring at the end of the Senate's next session. Presidents have made recess appointments on 12 occasions, most recently in 1958. Every recess appointed justice was later nominated to the same position, and all but one—John Rutledge in 1795 to be chief justice—was confirmed by the Senate. The 1795 Rutledge nomination was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate; the most recent nomination to be voted down was that of Robert Bork in 1987. George Washington holds the record for most Supreme Court nominations, with 14 nominations (12 of which were confirmed). Three presidents—William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, and Jimmy Carter—did not make any nominations, as there were no vacancies while they were in office, while one president, Andrew Johnson, did not make any successful nominations, as Congress decided to reduce the size of the Supreme Court rather than consider his nominee to fill a vacancy.

## Summary of table

The table below lists all persons nominated for a seat on the Supreme Court since 1789, in chronological order by date of nomination, along with the actions taken by the president and the Senate on those nominations. Specifically, the table lists the following for each Supreme Court nomination:
* name of each nominee;
* name of the president who made the nomination, and their political party affiliation;
* name of the justice whose departure created the vacancy (the column sorts so as to show the person-to-person succession of judges since 1789);
* majority party in the Senate at the time of the nomination;
* date on which the president formally made the nomination, by signing a nomination message;
* outcome, the type and date of final action by the Senate, or of a nomination's withdrawal by the president;
* number of days that elapsed from the date a nomination was formally submitted until the date of final Senate action or the nomination's withdrawal.
The following final results of the nomination process are tracked:
* confirmed – nominations confirmed by the Senate (including those of persons who subsequently declined to serve, or who died before taking office);
* withdrawn – nominations withdrawn by the president prior to a confirmation vote;
* rejected – nominations rejected by the Senate;
* lapsed – nominations that lapsed at the end of a session of Congress without a Senate vote cast on whether to confirm (including nominations that were postponed or tabled by the Senate that were not given further consideration).
Additionally, where the final Senate action on a nomination was a roll-call vote (as opposed to a voice vote or unanimous consent), the totals for and against are noted.
In listing all persons ever nominated to the Supreme Court, the table includes the names of those who were not confirmed as well as those who were confirmed but did not assume office. For a list solely of the 115 individuals who assumed office and served on the Court, see List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Not included in the table are intended nominees, announced presidential selections whose names were withdrawn prior to being formally submitted to the Senate, as such persons were never officially nominated to the Court.

## Nominations

* Washington
* J. Adams
* Jefferson
* Madison
* Monroe
* J. Q. Adams
* Jackson
* Van Buren
* Tyler
* Polk
* Fillmore
* Pierce
* Buchanan
* Lincoln
* A. Johnson
* Grant
* Hayes
* Garfield
* Arthur
* Cleveland (I)
* B. Harrison
* Cleveland (II)
* McKinley
* T. Roosevelt
* Taft
* Wilson
* Harding
* Coolidge
* Hoover
* F. D. Roosevelt
* Truman
* Eisenhower
* Kennedy
* L. Johnson
* Nixon
* Ford
* Reagan
* G. H. W. Bush
* Clinton
* G. W. Bush
* Obama
* Trump
* Biden
Nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States since 1789 :
| Nominee | Nominated by | Nominated by | Succession | Nomination | Nomination | Nomination | Nomination |
| Name | President | Party | Justice | Senate Majority party | Date submitted | Outcome (vote) and date | No. of Days |
| John Jay | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Sep. 24, 1789 | confirmed Sep. 26, 1789 | 2 |
| John Rutledge | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Sep. 24, 1789 | confirmed Sep. 26, 1789 | 2 |
| William Cushing | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Sep. 24, 1789 | confirmed Sep. 26, 1789 | 2 |
| Robert H. Harrison | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Sep. 24, 1789 | confirmed Sep. 26, 1789 | 2 |
| James Wilson | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Sep. 24, 1789 | confirmed Sep. 26, 1789 | 2 |
| John Blair Jr. | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Sep. 24, 1789 | confirmed Sep. 26, 1789 | 2 |
| James Iredell | Washington | None | Inaugural | Pro Admin | Feb. 8, 1790 | confirmed Feb. 10, 1790 | 2 |
| Thomas Johnson | Washington | None | J. Rutledge | Pro Admin | Oct. 31, 1791 | confirmed Nov. 7, 1791 | 7 |
| William Paterson | Washington | None | T. Johnson | Pro Admin | Feb. 27, 1793 | withdrawn Feb. 28, 1793 | 1 |
| William Paterson | Washington | None | T. Johnson | Pro Admin | Mar. 4, 1793 | confirmed Mar. 4, 1793 | 0 |
| John Rutledge | Washington | None | Jay | Federalist | Dec. 10, 1795 | rejected (10–14) Dec. 15, 1795 | 5 |
| William Cushing | Washington | None | Rutledge | Federalist | Jan. 26, 1796 | confirmed Jan. 27, 1796 | 1 |
| Samuel Chase | Washington | None | Blair | Federalist | Jan. 26, 1796 | confirmed Jan. 27, 1796 | 1 |
| Oliver Ellsworth | Washington | None | Rutledge | Federalist | Mar. 3, 1796 | confirmed (21–1) Mar. 4, 1796 | 1 |
| Bushrod Washington | J. Adams | Federalist | Wilson | Federalist | Dec. 19, 1798 | confirmed Dec. 20, 1798 | 1 |
| Alfred Moore | J. Adams | Federalist | Iredell | Federalist | Dec. 4, 1799 | confirmed Dec. 10, 1799 | 6 |
| John Jay | J. Adams | Federalist | Ellsworth | Federalist | Dec. 18, 1800 | confirmed Dec. 19, 1800 | 1 |
| John Marshall | J. Adams | Federalist | Ellsworth | Federalist | Jan. 20, 1801 | confirmed Jan. 27, 1801 | 7 |
| William Johnson | Jefferson | Dem-Rep | Moore | Dem-Rep | Mar. 22, 1804 | confirmed Mar. 24, 1804 | 2 |
| Henry B. Livingston | Jefferson | Dem-Rep | Paterson | Dem-Rep | Dec. 13, 1806 | confirmed Dec. 17, 1806 | 4 |
| Thomas Todd | Jefferson | Dem-Rep | new seat | Dem-Rep | Feb. 28, 1807 | confirmed Mar. 2, 1807 | 2 |
| Levi Lincoln Sr. | Madison | Dem-Rep | W. Cushing | Dem-Rep | Jan. 2, 1811 | confirmed Jan. 3, 1811 | 1 |
| Alexander Wolcott | Madison | Dem-Rep | W. Cushing | Dem-Rep | Feb. 4, 1811 | rejected (9–24) Feb. 13, 1811 | 9 |
| John Quincy Adams | Madison | Dem-Rep | W. Cushing | Dem-Rep | Feb. 21, 1811 | confirmed Feb. 22, 1811 | 1 |
| Gabriel Duvall | Madison | Dem-Rep | S. Chase | Dem-Rep | Nov. 15, 1811 | confirmed Nov. 18, 1811 | 3 |
| Joseph Story | Madison | Dem-Rep | W. Cushing | Dem-Rep | Nov. 15, 1811 | confirmed Nov. 18, 1811 | 3 |
| Smith Thompson | Monroe | Dem-Rep | Livingston | Dem-Rep | Dec. 5, 1823 | confirmed Dec. 9, 1823 | 4 |
| Robert Trimble | J. Q. Adams | Adams Rep | Todd | Jacksonian | Apr. 11, 1826 | confirmed (27–5) May 9, 1826 | 28 |
| John J. Crittenden | J. Q. Adams | Adams Rep | Trimble | Jacksonian | Dec. 17, 1828 | postponed (23–17) February 12, 1829 | 57 |
| John McLean | Jackson | Jacksonian | Trimble | Jacksonian | Mar. 6, 1829 | confirmed Mar. 7, 1829 | 1 |
| Henry Baldwin | Jackson | Jacksonian | Washington | Jacksonian | Jan. 4, 1830 | confirmed (41–2) Jan. 6, 1830 | 2 |
| James Moore Wayne | Jackson | Democratic | W. Johnson | Natl Rep | Jan. 6, 1835 | confirmed Jan. 9, 1835 | 3 |
| Roger B. Taney | Jackson | Democratic | Duvall | Natl Rep | Jan. 15, 1835 | postponed (23–22) March 3, 1835 | 47 |
| Roger B. Taney | Jackson | Democratic | Marshall | Democratic | Dec. 28, 1835 | confirmed (29–15) Mar. 15, 1836 | 78 |
| Philip P. Barbour | Jackson | Democratic | Duvall | Democratic | Dec. 28, 1835 | confirmed (30–11) Mar. 15, 1836 | 78 |
| John Catron | Jackson | Democratic | new seat | Democratic | Mar. 3, 1837 | confirmed (28–15) Mar. 8, 1837 | 5 |
| William Smith | Jackson | Democratic | new seat | Democratic | Mar. 3, 1837 | confirmed (23–18) Mar. 8, 1837 | 5 |
| John McKinley | Van Buren | Democratic | new seat | Democratic | Sep. 18, 1837 | confirmed Sep. 25, 1837 | 7 |
| Peter Vivian Daniel | Van Buren | Democratic | Barbour | Democratic | Feb. 26, 1841 | confirmed (25–5) Mar. 2, 1841 | 4 |
| John C. Spencer | Tyler | None | Thompson | Whig | Jan. 8, 1844 | rejected (21–26) Jan. 31, 1844 | 23 |
| Reuben Walworth | Tyler | None | Thompson | Whig | Mar. 13, 1844 | withdrawn June 17, 1844 | 96 |
| Edward King | Tyler | None | Baldwin | Whig | June 5, 1844 | postponed (29–18) Jun. 15, 1844 | 10 |
| John C. Spencer | Tyler | None | Thompson | Whig | June 17, 1844 | withdrawn June 17, 1844 | 0 |
| Reuben Walworth | Tyler | None | Thompson | Whig | June 17, 1844 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| Reuben Walworth | Tyler | None | Thompson | Whig | Dec. 4, 1844 | withdrawn Feb. 6, 1845 | 64 |
| Edward King | Tyler | None | Baldwin | Whig | Dec. 4, 1844 | withdrawn Feb. 8, 1845 | 66 |
| Samuel Nelson | Tyler | None | Thompson | Whig | Feb. 4, 1845 | confirmed Feb. 14, 1845 | 10 |
| John M. Read | Tyler | None | Baldwin | Whig | Feb. 7, 1845 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| George Woodward | Polk | Democratic | Baldwin | Democratic | Dec. 23, 1845 | rejected (20–29) Jan. 22, 1846 | 30 |
| Levi Woodbury | Polk | Democratic | Story | Democratic | Dec. 23, 1845 | confirmed Jan. 3, 1846 | 11 |
| Robert Cooper Grier | Polk | Democratic | Baldwin | Democratic | Aug. 3, 1846 | confirmed Aug. 4, 1846 | 1 |
| Benjamin R. Curtis | Fillmore | Whig | Woodbury | Democratic | Dec. 11, 1851 | confirmed Dec. 23, 1851 | 12 |
| Edward A. Bradford | Fillmore | Whig | McKinley | Democratic | Aug. 16, 1852 | Tabled Aug. 31, 1852 | 15 |
| George E. Badger | Fillmore | Whig | McKinley | Democratic | Jan. 3, 1853 | Postponed Feb. 11, 1853 | 40 |
| William C. Micou | Fillmore | Whig | McKinley | Democratic | Feb. 14, 1853 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| John A. Campbell | Pierce | Democratic | McKinley | Democratic | Mar. 21, 1853 | confirmed Mar. 22, 1853 | 1 |
| Nathan Clifford | Buchanan | Democratic | Curtis | Democratic | Dec. 9, 1857 | confirmed (26–23) Jan. 12, 1858 | 34 |
| Jeremiah S. Black | Buchanan | Democratic | Daniel | Democratic | Feb. 5, 1861 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| Noah Haynes Swayne | Lincoln | Republican | McLean | Republican | Jan. 21, 1862 | confirmed (38–1) Jan. 24, 1862 | 3 |
| Samuel Freeman Miller | Lincoln | Republican | Daniel | Republican | July 16, 1862 | confirmed July 16, 1862 | 0 |
| David Davis | Lincoln | Republican | Campbell | Republican | Dec. 1, 1862 | confirmed Dec. 8, 1862 | 7 |
| Stephen Johnson Field | Lincoln | Republican | new seat | Republican | Mar. 6, 1863 | confirmed Mar. 10, 1863 | 4 |
| Salmon P. Chase | Lincoln | Republican | Taney | Republican | Dec. 6, 1864 | confirmed Dec. 6, 1864 | 0 |
| Henry Stanbery | A. Johnson | Natl Union | Catron | Republican | Apr. 16, 1866 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| Ebenezer R. Hoar | Grant | Republican | new seat | Republican | Dec. 14, 1869 | rejected (24–33) Feb. 3, 1870 | 51 |
| Edwin Stanton | Grant | Republican | Grier | Republican | Dec. 20, 1869 | confirmed (46–11) Dec. 20, 1869 | 0 |
| William Strong | Grant | Republican | Grier | Republican | Feb. 7, 1870 | confirmed Feb. 18, 1870 | 11 |
| Joseph P. Bradley | Grant | Republican | new seat | Republican | Feb. 7, 1870 | confirmed (46–9) Mar. 21, 1870 | 42 |
| Ward Hunt | Grant | Republican | Nelson | Republican | Dec. 3, 1872 | confirmed Dec. 11, 1872 | 8 |
| George Henry Williams | Grant | Republican | S. P. Chase | Republican | Dec. 1, 1873 | withdrawn Jan. 8, 1874 | 38 |
| Caleb Cushing | Grant | Republican | S. P. Chase | Republican | Jan. 9, 1874 | withdrawn Jan. 13, 1874 | 4 |
| Morrison Waite | Grant | Republican | S. P. Chase | Republican | Jan. 19, 1874 | confirmed (63–0) Jan. 21, 1874 | 2 |
| John Marshall Harlan | Hayes | Republican | Davis | Republican | Oct. 16, 1877 | confirmed Nov. 29, 1877 | 44 |
| William Burnham Woods | Hayes | Republican | Strong | Democratic | Dec. 15, 1880 | confirmed (39–8) Dec. 21, 1880 | 6 |
| Stanley Matthews | Hayes | Republican | Swayne | Democratic | Jan. 26, 1881 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| Stanley Matthews | Garfield | Republican | Swayne | Republican | Mar. 14, 1881 | confirmed (24–23) May 12, 1881 | 59 |
| Horace Gray | Arthur | Republican | Clifford | Split | Dec. 19, 1881 | confirmed (51–5) Dec. 20, 1881 | 1 |
| Roscoe Conkling | Arthur | Republican | Hunt | Split | Feb. 24, 1882 | confirmed (39–12) Mar. 2, 1882 | 6 |
| Samuel Blatchford | Arthur | Republican | Hunt | Split | Mar. 13, 1882 | confirmed Mar. 22, 1882 | 9 |
| Lucius Q. C. Lamar II | Cleveland | Democratic | Woods | Republican | Dec. 6, 1887 | confirmed (32–28) Jan. 16, 1888 | 41 |
| Melville Fuller | Cleveland | Democratic | Waite | Republican | Apr. 30, 1888 | confirmed (41–20) July 20, 1888 | 81 |
| David Josiah Brewer | B. Harrison | Republican | Matthews | Republican | Dec. 4, 1889 | confirmed (53–11) Dec. 18, 1889 | 14 |
| Henry Billings Brown | B. Harrison | Republican | Miller | Republican | Dec. 23, 1890 | confirmed Dec. 29, 1890 | 6 |
| George Shiras Jr. | B. Harrison | Republican | Bradley | Republican | July 19, 1892 | confirmed July 26, 1892 | 7 |
| Howell E. Jackson | B. Harrison | Republican | L. Lamar | Republican | Feb. 2, 1893 | confirmed Feb. 18, 1893 | 16 |
| William B. Hornblower | Cleveland | Democratic | Blatchford | Democratic | Sep. 19, 1893 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| William B. Hornblower | Cleveland | Democratic | Blatchford | Democratic | Dec. 5, 1893 | rejected (24–30) Jan. 15, 1894 | 41 |
| Wheeler H. Peckham | Cleveland | Democratic | Blatchford | Democratic | Jan. 22, 1894 | rejected (32–41) Feb. 16, 1894 | 25 |
| Edward D. White | Cleveland | Democratic | Blatchford | Democratic | Feb. 19, 1894 | confirmed Feb. 19, 1894 | 0 |
| Rufus W. Peckham | Cleveland | Democratic | H. Jackson | Republican | Dec. 3, 1895 | confirmed Dec. 9, 1895 | 6 |
| Joseph McKenna | McKinley | Republican | Field | Republican | Dec. 16, 1897 | confirmed Jan. 21, 1898 | 36 |
| Oliver W. Holmes Jr. | T. Roosevelt | Republican | Gray | Republican | Dec. 2, 1902 | confirmed Dec. 4, 1902 | 2 |
| William R. Day | T. Roosevelt | Republican | Shiras | Republican | Feb. 19, 1903 | confirmed Feb. 23, 1903 | 4 |
| William Henry Moody | T. Roosevelt | Republican | Brown | Republican | Dec. 3, 1906 | confirmed Dec. 12, 1906 | 9 |
| Horace Harmon Lurton | Taft | Republican | R. Peckham | Republican | Dec. 13, 1909 | confirmed Dec. 20, 1909 | 7 |
| Charles Evans Hughes | Taft | Republican | Brewer | Republican | Apr. 25, 1910 | confirmed May 2, 1910 | 7 |
| Edward D. White | Taft | Republican | Fuller | Republican | Dec. 12, 1910 | confirmed Dec. 12, 1910 | 0 |
| Willis Van Devanter | Taft | Republican | E. D. White | Republican | Dec. 12, 1910 | confirmed Dec. 15, 1910 | 3 |
| Joseph Rucker Lamar | Taft | Republican | Moody | Republican | Dec. 12, 1910 | confirmed Dec. 15, 1910 | 3 |
| Mahlon Pitney | Taft | Republican | J. Harlan | Republican | Feb. 19, 1912 | confirmed (50–26) Mar. 13, 1912 | 23 |
| James C. McReynolds | Wilson | Democratic | Lurton | Democratic | Aug. 19, 1914 | confirmed (44–6) Aug. 29, 1914 | 10 |
| Louis Brandeis | Wilson | Democratic | J. Lamar | Democratic | Jan. 28, 1916 | confirmed (47–22) June 1, 1916 | 125 |
| John Hessin Clarke | Wilson | Democratic | Hughes | Democratic | July 14, 1916 | confirmed July 24, 1916 | 10 |
| William Howard Taft | Harding | Republican | E. D. White | Republican | June 30, 1921 | confirmed June 30, 1921 | 0 |
| George Sutherland | Harding | Republican | Clarke | Republican | Sep. 5, 1922 | confirmed Sep. 5, 1922 | 0 |
| Pierce Butler | Harding | Republican | Day | Republican | Nov. 21, 1922 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| Pierce Butler | Harding | Republican | Day | Republican | Dec. 5, 1922 | confirmed (61–8) Dec. 21, 1922 | 16 |
| Edward Terry Sanford | Harding | Republican | Pitney | Republican | Jan. 24, 1923 | confirmed Jan. 29, 1923 | 5 |
| Harlan F. Stone | Coolidge | Republican | McKenna | Republican | Jan. 5, 1925 | confirmed (71–6) Feb. 5, 1925 | 31 |
| Charles Evans Hughes | Hoover | Republican | Taft | Republican | Feb. 3, 1930 | confirmed (52–26) Feb. 13, 1930 May 7, 1930 | 10 |
| John J. Parker | Hoover | Republican | Sanford | Republican | Mar. 21, 1930 | rejected (39–41) May 7, 1930 | 47 |
| Owen Roberts | Hoover | Republican | Sanford | Republican | May 9, 1930 | confirmed May 20, 1930 | 11 |
| Benjamin N. Cardozo | Hoover | Republican | Holmes | Republican | Feb. 15, 1932 | confirmed Feb. 24, 1932 | 9 |
| Hugo Black | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Van Devanter | Democratic | Aug. 12, 1937 | confirmed (63–16) Aug. 17, 1937 | 5 |
| Stanley Forman Reed | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Sutherland | Democratic | Jan. 15, 1938 | confirmed Jan. 25, 1938 | 10 |
| Felix Frankfurter | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Cardozo | Democratic | Jan. 5, 1939 | confirmed Jan. 17, 1939 | 12 |
| William O. Douglas | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Brandeis | Democratic | Mar. 20, 1939 | confirmed (62–4) Apr. 4, 1939 | 15 |
| Frank Murphy | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Butler | Democratic | Jan. 4, 1940 | confirmed Jan. 16, 1940 | 14 |
| Harlan F. Stone | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Hughes | Democratic | June 12, 1941 | confirmed June 27, 1941 | 15 |
| James F. Byrnes | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | McReynolds | Democratic | June 12, 1941 | confirmed June 12, 1941 | 0 |
| Robert H. Jackson | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Stone | Democratic | June 12, 1941 | confirmed July 7, 1941 | 25 |
| Wiley Rutledge | F. D. Roosevelt | Democratic | Byrnes | Democratic | Jan. 11, 1943 | confirmed Feb. 8, 1943 | 28 |
| Harold Hitz Burton | Truman | Democratic | O. Roberts | Democratic | Sep. 19, 1945 | confirmed Sep. 19, 1945 | 0 |
| Fred M. Vinson | Truman | Democratic | Stone | Democratic | June 6, 1946 | confirmed June 20, 1946 | 14 |
| Tom C. Clark | Truman | Democratic | Murphy | Democratic | Aug. 2, 1949 | confirmed (73–8) Aug. 18, 1949 | 16 |
| Sherman Minton | Truman | Democratic | W. Rutledge | Democratic | Sep. 15, 1949 | confirmed (48–16) Oct. 4, 1949 | 19 |
| Earl Warren | Eisenhower | Republican | Vinson | Republican | Jan. 11, 1954 | confirmed Mar. 1, 1954 | 49 |
| John Marshall Harlan II | Eisenhower | Republican | R. Jackson | Republican | Nov. 9, 1954 | lapsed | 999N/A |
| John Marshall Harlan II | Eisenhower | Republican | R. Jackson | Democratic | Jan. 10, 1955 | confirmed (71–11) Mar. 16, 1955 | 65 |
| William J. Brennan Jr. | Eisenhower | Republican | Minton | Democratic | Jan. 14, 1957 | confirmed Mar. 19, 1957 | 64 |
| Charles Evans Whittaker | Eisenhower | Republican | Reed | Democratic | Mar. 2, 1957 | confirmed Mar. 19, 1957 | 17 |
| Potter Stewart | Eisenhower | Republican | Burton | Democratic | Jan. 17, 1959 | confirmed (70–17) May 5, 1959 | 108 |
| Byron White | Kennedy | Democratic | Whittaker | Democratic | Apr. 3, 1962 | confirmed Apr. 11, 1962 | 8 |
| Arthur Goldberg | Kennedy | Democratic | Frankfurter | Democratic | Aug. 31, 1962 | confirmed Sep. 25, 1962 | 25 |
| Abe Fortas | L. Johnson | Democratic | Goldberg | Democratic | July 28, 1965 | confirmed Aug. 11, 1965 | 14 |
| Thurgood Marshall | L. Johnson | Democratic | Clark | Democratic | June 13, 1967 | confirmed (69–11) Aug. 30, 1967 | 78 |
| Abe Fortas | L. Johnson | Democratic | Warren | Democratic | June 26, 1968 | withdrawn Oct. 2, 1968 | 98 |
| Homer Thornberry | L. Johnson | Democratic | Fortas | Democratic | June 26, 1968 | withdrawn Oct. 2, 1968 | 98 |
| Warren E. Burger | Nixon | Republican | Warren | Democratic | May 23, 1969 | confirmed (74–3) June 9, 1969 | 17 |
| Clement Haynsworth | Nixon | Republican | Fortas | Democratic | Aug. 21, 1969 | rejected (45–55) Nov. 21, 1969 | 92 |
| G. Harrold Carswell | Nixon | Republican | Fortas | Democratic | Jan. 19, 1970 | rejected (45–51) Apr. 8, 1970 | 79 |
| Harry Blackmun | Nixon | Republican | Fortas | Democratic | Apr. 15, 1970 | confirmed (94–0) May 12, 1970 | 27 |
| Lewis F. Powell Jr. | Nixon | Republican | H. Black | Democratic | Oct. 22, 1971 | confirmed (89–1) Dec. 6, 1971 | 45 |
| William Rehnquist | Nixon | Republican | J. Harlan II | Democratic | Oct. 22, 1971 | confirmed (68–26) Dec. 10, 1971 | 49 |
| John Paul Stevens | Ford | Republican | Douglas | Democratic | Nov. 28, 1975 | confirmed (98–0) Dec. 17, 1975 | 19 |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | Reagan | Republican | Stewart | Republican | Aug. 19, 1981 | confirmed (99–0) Sep. 21, 1981 | 33 |
| William Rehnquist | Reagan | Republican | Burger | Republican | June 20, 1986 | confirmed (65–33) Sep. 17, 1986 | 89 |
| Antonin Scalia | Reagan | Republican | Rehnquist | Republican | June 24, 1986 | confirmed (98–0) Sep. 17, 1986 | 85 |
| Robert Bork | Reagan | Republican | Powell | Democratic | July 1, 1987 | rejected (42–58) Oct. 23, 1987 | 114 |
| Anthony Kennedy | Reagan | Republican | Powell | Democratic | Nov. 30, 1987 | confirmed (97–0) Feb. 3, 1988 | 65 |
| David Souter | G. H. W. Bush | Republican | Brennan | Democratic | July 25, 1990 | confirmed (90–9) Oct. 2, 1990 | 69 |
| Clarence Thomas | G. H. W. Bush | Republican | T. Marshall | Democratic | July 8, 1991 | confirmed (52–48) Oct. 15, 1991 | 99 |
| Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Clinton | Democratic | B. White | Democratic | June 22, 1993 | confirmed (96–3) Aug. 3, 1993 | 42 |
| Stephen Breyer | Clinton | Democratic | Blackmun | Democratic | May 17, 1994 | confirmed (87–9) July 29, 1994 | 73 |
| John Roberts | G. W. Bush | Republican | O'Connor | Republican | July 29, 2005 | withdrawn Sep. 6, 2005 | 39 |
| John Roberts | G. W. Bush | Republican | Rehnquist | Republican | Sep. 6, 2005 | confirmed (78–22) Sep. 29, 2005 | 23 |
| Harriet Miers | G. W. Bush | Republican | O'Connor | Republican | Oct. 7, 2005 | withdrawn Oct. 28, 2005 | 21 |
| Samuel Alito | G. W. Bush | Republican | O'Connor | Republican | Nov. 10, 2005 | confirmed (58–42) Jan. 31, 2006 | 82 |
| Sonia Sotomayor | Obama | Democratic | Souter | Democratic | June 1, 2009 | confirmed (68–31) Aug. 6, 2009 | 66 |
| Elena Kagan | Obama | Democratic | Stevens | Democratic | May 10, 2010 | confirmed (63–37) Aug. 5, 2010 | 87 |
| Merrick Garland | Obama | Democratic | Scalia | Republican | Mar. 16, 2016 | lapsed | 293 |
| Neil Gorsuch | Trump | Republican | Scalia | Republican | Feb. 1, 2017 | confirmed (54–45) Apr. 7, 2017 | 65 |
| Brett Kavanaugh | Trump | Republican | Kennedy | Republican | July 10, 2018 | confirmed (50–48) Oct. 6, 2018 | 88 |
| Amy Coney Barrett | Trump | Republican | Ginsburg | Republican | Sep. 29, 2020 | confirmed (52–48) Oct. 26, 2020 | 27 |
| Ketanji Brown Jackson | Biden | Democratic | Breyer | Democratic | Feb. 28, 2022 | confirmed (53–47) Apr. 7, 2022 | 38 |
| Name | President | Party | Justice | Senate Majority party | Date submitted | Outcome (vote) and date | No. of Days |