OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zahirtsi

Zahirtsi (Ukrainian: Загірці) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Zabolottsi rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.
Until 18 July 2020, Zahirtsi belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.
# X-Treme Sports

X-Treme Sports was a Canadian English language category 2 television channel owned by Canwest Media Inc., a division of Canwest Global Communications. X-Treme Sports aired a variety of programming primarily related to extreme sports.

## History

On November 24, 2000 Global Television Network Inc., a subsidiary of Canwest, was granted approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a national English-language Category 2 specialty television service called Extreme Sports, described as "featuring the best of "off-beat" sports programming that will give Canadians the opportunity to live vicariously through the ultimate high associated with such extreme pastimes as high altitude sky diving, cliff diving, white water rafting, and mountain climbing."
The channel launched on September 7, 2001, as X-Treme Sports.
Amid the mid-2000s financial crisis and a mounting debt load, Canwest announced in September 2008 that it would be shuttering X-Treme Sports, with an expected closing date of October 9, 2008. Through its official statement, Canwest cited low growth potential as the reason for its closing of the service, noting funds would be better directed to other channels with greater growth potential. The channel later closed on October 9 as expected.
In December 2010, Leonard Asper, the former CEO of Canwest by that point after the assets were sold to Postmedia and Shaw, acquired Fight Network through his Syngus Corp. holding company via its Anthem Media Group marking the return of sports television ownership.

## Programming

Programming on X-Treme Sports primarily focused on extreme sports series, including men's and women's competitions, lifestyle, and reality programs. Series primarily focused on the sports within the firm definition of extreme sports, such as motocross, mountain biking, surfing, skateboarding, and snowboarding; however, other forms of extreme, adventure and thrill-seeking sports/activities included MMA, professional wrestling, and slamball.
The following list is a sampling of series aired during its last year of operation:
* 360 Surfing
* Crash Bang Wallop
* Crash Stunt Idiots
* Extreme Championship Wrestling
* Fear Factor
* Fusion TV
* IFL Battleground
* IFL Fight Night
* MMX Treme
* Ouch: That Had To Hurt
* Ride Guide Bike
* World of Wakeboarding
* X-Sport
# S. A. Raheem

Seyadu Abdul Raheem (Tamil: செய்யது அப்துல் ரகீம்; 9 August 1921 – 1989) was a Sri Lankan Muslim diplomat, politician and Member of Parliament.

## Early life

Raheem was born on 9 August 1921. He was educated at St. Xavier's Boys' College, Jaffna Central College and Jaffna College.

## Career

Raheem entered local politics in 1960, serving as chairman of Mannar Town Council between 1962 and 1972.
Raheem contested the 1970 parliamentary election as the United National Party's candidate in Mannar but was defeated by the incumbent V. A. Alegacone of the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi. Alegacone died on 25 November 1973, Raheem contested the ensuing by-election on 25 February 1974 and was elected to Parliament in a close contest, gaining 12,974 votes against 12,899 by S.M. Johan Mark.

## Later life

Raheem was appointed Sri Lanka's High Commissioner to Kenya in 1978. He was also Sri Lanka's representative at the Habitat International Coalition, founder member of the Moors’ Islamic Cultural Home, vice president of the All Ceylon Muslim League, vice chairman Paddy Marketing Board and director of the Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation. He died in 1989.
# Ashim Biswas

Ashim Biswas (born 14 July 1982) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Diamond Harbour in the CFL Premier Division.

## Club career
### East Bengal

He had scored with a header against Mohammedan from a Syed Rahim Nabi cross, and then Ashim's cross was netted in by Edmilson Marques Pardal in the pre-quarterfinal of the 29th Federation Cup in 2007 at Guru Nanak Stadium in Ludhiana, match which East Bengal won 3-1. In Calcutta Premier Division 2008, he had scored 2-0 against Mohammedan. He had scored the only goal in the 1-0 win over Prayag United. He is currently playing for Diamond Harbour FC in Calcutta premier A division.

### Jamshedpur

On 23 July 2017, Ghosh was selected in the 14th round of the 2017–18 ISL Players Draft by Kerala for the 2017–18 Indian Super League season. He made his debut for the club on 10 December 2017 against Pune City. He came on as a 66th minute substitute for Siddharth Singh as Jamshedpur lost 1–0. He then scored his first goal for the club on 17 January 2018 in their match against the Kerala Blasters. He found the net in the 31st minute as Jamshedpur won 2–1.
On 12 April 2018, in Jamshedpur's quarter-final match during the Super Cup, Biswas scored the consolation for the club in a 5–1 defeat to Goa.

## Statistics
### International

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| India | 2003 | 6 | 4 |
| India | 2004 | 4 | 0 |
| India | Total | 10 | 4 |

## Honours

India
* SAFF Championship third place: 2003
* Afro-Asian Games silver medal: 2003
Individual
* IndianFootball.com 'player of the Year' & 'rookie of the year' award: 2003 (with Tollygunge Agragami)
# Fantoft Stave Church

Fantoft Stave Church (Norwegian: Fantoft stavkirke; Nynorsk: Fantoft stavkyrkje) is a reconstructed stave church in the Fana borough of the city of Bergen, Norway.

## History

The church was originally built around the year 1150 at Fortun in Sogn, a village near the inner or eastern end of Sognefjord. In 1879, the new Fortun Church (Fortun kyrkje) was constructed as a replacement for the medieval stave church. Fantoft Stave Church was threatened with demolition, as were hundreds of other stave churches in Norway. Fantoft Stave Church was bought by consul Fredrik Georg Gade and saved by moving it in pieces to Fana near Bergen in 1883. Outside the church stands a stone cross from Tjora in Sola.
On 6 June 1992, the church was destroyed by arson; the first in a string of church burnings by members of the early Norwegian black metal scene. At first, the fire was thought to have been caused by lightning or an electrical failure. In 1994, Varg Vikernes of the one-man band Burzum was found guilty of burning Old Åsane Church and Storetveit Church in Bergen, the burning of Skjold Church in Vindafjord, and the burning of Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. He was also charged with the burning of Fantoft Stave Church, although the jurors voted not guilty. The judges called this an error but did not overturn the decision. Reconstruction of the church began soon after the fire, taking six years to complete. Since 1997, the church has been surrounded by a security fence.
A photograph of the church's burnt shell appeared on the cover of the 1993 Burzum EP Aske (Norwegian for "ashes").

## Gallery

* Details of church's roof
* Fantoft Stave Church
* Fantoft Stave Church chandelier
* Fantoft Stave Church chancel
* Fantoft Stave Church rafters and posts
* Fantoft Stave Church baptistery
* Fantoft Stave Church ceiling
* Fantoft Stave Church decorative art
* Stone cross outside Fantoft Stave Church
* Fantoft Stave Church at night
# Jozef Soti

Jozef Soti (born 15 February 1972 Switzerland, Uster) is a Serbian former sprint canoer who competed for FR Yugoslavia in the early 2000s. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, he finished ninth in the K-4 1000 m event.
He is currently coach of Serbian olympian Marko Novaković.
# Lot 1, Prince Edward Island

Lot 1 is a township in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada created during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland. It is part of North Parish.

## Communities

Incorporated municipalities:
* St. Felix
* Tignish
* Tignish Shore
Civic address communities:
* Anglo Tignish
* Ascension
* Christopher Cross
* Harper
* Judes Point
* Leoville
* Nail Pond
* Norway
* Palmer Road
* Peterville
* Pleasant View
* Seacow Pond
* Skinners Pond
* St. Felix
* St. Peter and St. Paul
* Tignish
* Tignish Corner
* Tignish Shore
* Waterford

## History

The township went through various owners under feudalism when Prince Edward Island was a British colony prior to Canadian Confederation:
* Sir Philip Stephens, 1st Baronet First Secretary of the Admiralty (1767-1810)
* In Chancery (1838)
* Messrs. Palmer and Ed. Cunard, Esq. (1864)
# Jeannine Gmelin

Jeannine Gmelin (born 20 June 1990) is a Swiss competitive rower.

## Biography

Gmelin competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's single sculls, and went on to win the 2017 World Rowing Championships – Women's single sculls.
In 2018 Gmelin won the Princess Royal Challenge Cup (the premier women's singles sculls event) at the Henley Royal Regatta, rowing for RC Uster.
# Lot 16, Prince Edward Island

Lot 16 (pop. 550) is a township in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of Richmond Parish.

## Communities

Incorporated municipalities:
* St-Nicholas
* Wellington
Civic address communities:
* Belmont Lot 16
* Central Lot 16
* Miscouche
* Southwest Lot 16
* St-Nicholas
* St-Raphael
* Urbainville
* Wellington
* Wellington Centre

## History

Lot 16 was awarded to three junior officers in the 1767 land lottery; and one quarter was granted to Loyalists in 1775.
The communities of Belmont Lot 16, Central Lot 16 and Southwest Lot 16 are some of the few communities in the province that use part of Samuel Holland's original township designation in their geographic name.
The Belmont United Baptist Church is located in Belmont Lot 16 and the Central Lot 16 United Church is located in Central Lot 16. It also has three cemeteries (Methodist, United, and Baptist).
The Lot 16 Community Hall is located in Central Lot 16 and is a meeting place for community groups such as 4-H, Lot 16 Seniors Club, and the Women's Institute.
Belmont Provincial Park is located in Belmont Lot 16. It is a day-use park located at Winchester Cape, a headland extending off the south shore of Malpeque Bay.

## Economy

Agriculture is the main industry in Lot 16, with a large proportion of residents involved in primary agricultural production. The most popular commodities are dairy, beef, potato, and grain production. It is also home to a few small businesses that are primarily machinery related.
# Singapore order of precedence

The Singapore order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the Government of Singapore. It has no legal standing but is used to dictate ceremonial protocol at events of a national nature. The official list was gazetted in 1967.

## Order of precedence

| Rank | Position | Name |
| 1 | President | Tharman Shanmugaratnam |
| 2 | Prime Minister | Lawrence Wong |
| 3 | Former Prime Minister Senior Minister | Lee Hsien Loong |
| 4 | Deputy Prime Ministers | Gan Kim Yong Heng Swee Keat |
| 5 | Chief Justice | Sundaresh Menon |
| 6 | Speaker of Parliament | Seah Kian Peng |
| 7 | Former Presidents | Tony Tan Halimah Yacob |
| 8 | Former Prime Minister | Goh Chok Tong |
| 9 | Senior Minister | Teo Chee Hean |
| 10 | Cabinet Ministers | see here |
| 10A | Senior Ministers of State | see here |
| 10B | Ministers of State | see here |
| 10C | Senior Parliamentary Secretaries | see here |
| 11 | Foreign High Commissioners and Ambassadors to Singapore | see here |
| 11A | Singapore High Commissioners and Ambassadors | see here |
| 11B | Chargés d'affaires | see here |
| 12 | Awardees of the Order of Temasek | Awardees of the Order of Temasek |
| 13 | Attorney-General | Lucien Wong |
| 14 | Chairman of the Public Service Commission | Lee Tzu Yang |
| 15 | Supreme Court Judges | see here |
| 15A | State Court Judges | see here |
| 16 | Deputy Speaker of Parliament | see here |
| 17 | Parliamentary Secretaries | see here |
| 18 | Members of Parliament | see here |
# Total curvature

In mathematical study of the differential geometry of curves, the total curvature of an immersed plane curve is the integral of curvature along a curve taken with respect to arc length:
    $\int _{a}^{b}k(s)\,ds=2\pi N.$
The total curvature of a closed curve is always an integer multiple of 2π, where N is called the index of the curve or turning number – it is the winding number of the unit tangent vector about the origin, or equivalently the degree of the map to the unit circle assigning to each point of the curve, the unit velocity vector at that point. This map is similar to the Gauss map for surfaces.

## Comparison to surfaces

This relationship between a local geometric invariant, the curvature, and a global topological invariant, the index, is characteristic of results in higher-dimensional Riemannian geometry such as the Gauss–Bonnet theorem.

## Invariance

According to the Whitney–Graustein theorem, the total curvature is invariant under a regular homotopy of a curve: it is the degree of the Gauss map. However, it is not invariant under homotopy: passing through a kink (cusp) changes the turning number by 1.
By contrast, winding number about a point is invariant under homotopies that do not pass through the point, and changes by 1 if one passes through the point.

## Generalizations

A finite generalization is that the exterior angles of a triangle, or more generally any simple polygon, add up to 360° = 2π radians, corresponding to a turning number of 1. More generally, polygonal chains that do not go back on themselves (no 180° angles) have well-defined total curvature, interpreting the curvature as point masses at the angles.
The total absolute curvature of a curve is defined in almost the same way as the total curvature, but using the absolute value of the curvature instead of the signed curvature. It is 2π for convex curves in the plane, and larger for non-convex curves. It can also be generalized to curves in higher dimensional spaces by flattening out the tangent developable to γ into a plane, and computing the total curvature of the resulting curve. That is, the total curvature of a curve in n-dimensional space is
    $\int _{a}^{b}\left|\gamma ''(s)\right|\operatorname {sgn} \kappa _{n-1}(s)\,ds$
where κ$_{n−1}$ is last Frenet curvature (the torsion of the curve) and sgn is the signum function.
The minimum total absolute curvature of any three-dimensional curve representing a given knot is an invariant of the knot. This invariant has the value 2π for the unknot, but by the Fáry–Milnor theorem it is at least 4π for any other knot.
# Angarlag

Angarlag, also Angarstroy, Angarsky ITL (Russian: Ангарлаг, Ангарстрой, Ангарский ИТЛ) was a Gulag labor camp during 1947-1960 headquartered in Bratsk, Irkutsk Oblast, RSFSR. Initially, it was under the control of the Western Directorate of Baikal-Amur Mainline Construction and Camps. In 1948 it was resubordinated to the Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction Camps, later directly to GULAG.
Its major projects were the construction of segments of Baikal-Amur Mainline and a bridge across Angara.
In 1948 the Taishetlag was merged into Angarlag. Later some other divisions and enterprises were transferred to Angarlag.

## Notable inmates

* Iryna Senyk (1926-2009), Ukrainian poet, nurse, and Soviet political dissident
* Karl Rägo [et] (1989-1955), Soviet Estonian military officer
# Vaisey

Vaisey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Vaisey (1935–2025), English librarian and historian
* Harry Vaisey (1877–1965), English judge
# Mohammad Ghoreishi

Mohammad Ghoreishi (Persian: محمد قریشی; born February 13, 1995) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a defender for Iranian club Zob Ahan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.

## Club career
### Sanat Naft

On 21 September 2018, he made his debut for Sanat Naft Abadan in a controversial match against Paykan that awarded 0 - 3 for Paykan by IFF decision.

### Club career statistics

    As of 26 October 2019.
| Club | Division | Season | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| Club | Division | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Khoneh Be Khoneh | Azadegan League | 2015–16 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Khoneh Be Khoneh | Azadegan League | 2016–17 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Khoneh Be Khoneh | Azadegan League | 2017–18 | 29 | 1 | 4 | 0 | – | – | 33 | 1 |
| Khoneh Be Khoneh | Total | Total | 38 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 1 |
| Sanat Naft Abadan | Pro League | 2018–19 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Sanat Naft Abadan | Pro League | 2019–20 | 30 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 2 |
| Sanat Naft Abadan | Total | Total | 50 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 2 |
| Zob Ahan | Persian Gulf Pro League | 2020–21 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 10 | 0 |
| Zob Ahan | Persian Gulf Pro League | 2021–22 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 27 | 1 |
| Zob Ahan | Persian Gulf Pro League | 2022-23 | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| Zob Ahan | Persian Gulf Pro League | 2023-24 | 29 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 3 |
| Zob Ahan | Total | Total | 90 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 96 | 4 |
| Career totals | Career totals | Career totals | 178 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 190 | 7 |
# Ismael Carbonell

Ismael Carbonell Samé (born 5 February 1959) is a Cuban rower. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Enock Kwateng

Enock Kwateng (born 9 April 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a right-back. He is France youth international, having represented the country from U16 to U20 levels.

## Club career
### Nantes

Kwateng is a youth prospect of Nantes and eventually made his Ligue 1 first-team debut on 15 August 2015 against Angers in a 0–0 draw replacing Olivier Veigneau after 79 minutes.

### Bordeaux

In June 2019, Kwateng agreed a four-year deal with league rivals Bordeaux. Due to the expiration of his Nantes contract he joined Bordeaux on a free transfer for the 2019–20 season.

### Ankaragücü

On 14 February 2023, he signed a 1,5-year contract with Süper Lig club Ankaragücü.

## International career

Of Ghanaian descent, Kwateng has represented France at U16, U17, U18, U19, and U20 levels

## Honours

France U19
* UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2016
# Dominic Carman

Dominic Carman (born 23 August 1961) is a British journalist, writer and Liberal Democrat political activist.

## Family

Dominic Carman was born on 23 August 1961 in Hale, Cheshire. Educated at Manchester Grammar School and Durham University, Carman is the son of barrister George Carman. He wrote a biography of his father, No Ordinary Man: A Life of George Carman, which was published in 2002.

## Politics and anti-BNP campaigner

When he was sixteen, Carman spent three weeks as a member of the National Front in September 1977. Writing about this in The Guardian in 2010, he commented "Becoming a member was done rashly, angrily, without any thought of what it meant, or of the consequences. It was a stupid decision, undertaken with one purpose: to annoy my father." He also said "When I eventually sat down and opened National Front News, my sense of euphoric defiance ended – very abruptly", as it was filled with "hate-filled articles" about Jewish people, Holocaust denial and black and Asian immigration into Britain. "Disgusted and shocked, my stomach churned, my thoughts ran wild. So this is what they believed. Oh God, what had I done? ... I immediately resigned from the NF, less than a month after joining."
In 2005, he took part in ITV's Vote for Me television programme in which the public selected an individual to stand at the next general election, losing in the final to Rodney Hylton-Potts.
Carman researched an unofficial biography of British National Party leader Nick Griffin, but this has not been published. Carman used his research to support his campaign as the Liberal Democrat candidate in Barking at the 2010 General Election, where he stood against Griffin. Carman finished fourth of ten candidates, with 8.2%, one place behind Griffin on 14.8%.
He contested the 2011 Barnsley Central by-election for the Liberal Democrats, coming in sixth place out of nine, with 4.18% and therefore losing his deposit. In an article in the Daily Mail, Carman was critical of some of the Barnsley electorate, stating that "diversity and difference are not welcome here"; he defended his comments when interviewed by Andrew Neil on the BBC's The Politics Show.
# Permissiveness

Permissiveness may refer to:
* Permissiveness (endocrinology), between hormones and cells.
* Permissiveness (virology), between viruses and cells.
Permissive may refer to:
* Permissive society, a liberalization of social norms in a society.
* Permissive software license, a free-software license.
* Permissive cell or permissive host, a cell which allows a virus to circumvent its defenses and replicate.
* Permissive mood, a grammatical mood found in some languages.
* Permissive (film), a 1970 British exploitation drama film.
# Alyona Subbotina

Alyona Subbotina (born 13 February 1990) is a Kazakh fashion model and entrepreneur. She gained international recognition after exclusively opening the Givenchy fashion show in Paris in 2011. She has worked with designers such as Giorgio Armani, Givenchy and Helmut Lang.

## Early life

Subbotina was born in Almaty, Kazakhstan to Russian parents. She was a member of the Kazakh Olympic Volleyball team. She began her modeling career at the age of 16 in Singapore while concurrently completing a B.A. in Hotel Management from the East Asia Institute of Management.

## Career

Subbotina’s modeling career began at age 16. She was scouted by two agents to participate in Kazakhstan Fashion Week (KFW). This led to modeling work in Singapore where her awkward beauty and new ‘albino’ makeover garnered her attention and work.
She was secured exclusively by Givenchy to open Paris Fashion Week 2011. Her reception was well received and she was requested to relocate to New York City.
Subbotina has walked in fashion shows for designers including Helmut Lang, Acne Studios, Fendi, Preen, Pringle of Scotland, Rick Owens, Daks, David Koma, Givenchy, Mara Hoffman, Roksanda Illincic, Thierry Mugler, Tibi, Vivienne Westwood and Jean Paul Gaultier.
She was the face for MAC Cosmetics and Brunello Cucinelli in 2012 and Thomas Wylde in 2013. She has been the advertising campaign for Armani.
Subbotina has appeared in magazines including Vogue Italia, Vogue Germany, Interview, iD Magazine, METAL, V, Marie Claire (France, UK) and Dazed. She has graced the covers of Marie Claire (Malaysia, Ukraine), Harper’s Bazaar Kazakhstan, Elle Mexico and Numéro Thailand.
# Isabel Freese

Isabel Freese (born 19 January 1979) is a Norwegian dressage rider. She competed at the 2022 FEI World Championships in Herning as individual and also competed at the 2013 and 2017 European Championships. Freese competed at several World Championships for Young Dressage Horses in which she won a bronze medal in 2018 and 2019.
Freese started riding at the age of six in her hometown Oslo. At the age of 20 she moved to Germany to pursue her equestrian career. Freese was nominated by the Norwegian Equestrian Federation to represent Norway as individual at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. She made it to the individual final, finishing 10th in the individual Freestyle with a personal best and Norwegian record of 83.050%, which is also the best result in history for a Norwegian dressage rider at the Olympics.