OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scottish Meteorological Society

The Scottish Meteorological Society was founded in 1855 by David Milne-Home with private funding, particularly from wealthy landowners who wished to compile meteorological records in order to improve agriculture.
The Society founded the observatory on Ben Nevis, officially opened in 1883.
In 1921, the Society amalgamated with the Royal Meteorological Society.

## Publications

* Journal of the Scottish Meteorological Society, Volume 1 (1864) - Volume 18 (1917/19)

## Notable members

* W S Bruce
* Alexander Buchan, credited with establishing the weather map as the basis of weather forecasting
* David Milne-Home, chairman of the Council of the Society
* Cargill Gilston Knott, President of the Society
* John Murray, oceanographer
* Robert Traill Omond, first Superintendent of the Ben Nevis observatory
* Dr James Stark, first Secretary of the Society
* Thomas Stevenson, co-founder and secretary
* Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
* Clement Lindley Wragge, awarded the Society's Gold Medal
# Chrysler D platform

Chrysler's D platform is the name used by Chrysler for the platform derived from the Mitsubishi Galant and used by the front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive Diamond Star Motors cars in the 1990s. The original D platform debuted in 1990 and was refreshed in 1995 as the PJ platform. Another DSM platform derived from the Galant, the FJ platform, debuted in 1995 for use in the Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Avenger.

## BD

* 1990–1994 Mitsubishi Eclipse/Plymouth Laser/Eagle Talon

## PJ

* 1995–1999 Mitsubishi Eclipse
* 1995–1998 Eagle Talon

## FJ

* 1995–2000 Chrysler Sebring/Dodge Avenger coupes

## ST-22

* 2000–2005 Mitsubishi Eclipse
* 2001–2005 Chrysler Sebring/Dodge Stratus coupes
# 2002 Women's Pro Softball League season

The 2002 Women's Pro Softball League season was a year after the WPSL suspended play in 2001 and before it rebranded, toured, and resumed competitive play as National Pro Fastpitch in 2003 and 2004. From 1997 to 2002, the league operated under the names Women's Pro Fastpitch (WPF) and Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL).
In December 2001 WPSL announced that Commissioner/CEO John D. Carroll was stepping down to be replaced by Richard A. Levine as the WPSL President and CEO. Levine had been a WPSL executive vice president and had experience marketing the 1994 FIFA World Cup and as the first general manager of MLS' Colorado Rapids.
Initially, WPSL intended to reorganize the league's ownership structure and resume play in 2003 with 6 to 10 teams. By August 2002, tryouts for the new teams, originally planned for December 2002, were postponed to December 2003. WPSL announced a 2003 Fastpitch Festival Tour as a marketing and promotional tool to bring exposure and local support to the league in advance of the 2004 relaunch.
The only games played by WPSL in 2003 were a double header, as part of the 2002 National Softball Association (NSA) Fastpitch World Series activities, featuring WPSL All-Stars playing Tennessee All-Stars on July 20 at Jim Frost Stadium in Chattanooga, TN. The WPSL All-Stars won both games by scores of 13-1 and 7-1.
On November 21, WPSL announced its new name: National Pro Fastpitch (NPF).

## Roster

The roster of the 2002 WPSL All-Star softball team is listed below:
| Name | Position | College | Hometown |
| Allison Andrade | SS | Arizona | Morgan Hill, CA |
| Lisa Carey | 1B/SS | Oklahoma | Topeka, KS |
| Nancy Evans | 3B/UT | Arizona | Glendale, CA |
| Chrissy Gil | OF | Arizona | West Covina, CA |
| Erika Hanson | OF | Arizona | Thousand Oaks, CA |
| Lisa Iancin | 2B | California | Covina, CA |
| Becky Lemke | P | Arizona | Fountain Hills, AZ |
| Julie Marshall | C/1B | UCLA | Bethel Island, CA |
| Scia Maumausolo | DP/C | CSU Northridge | San Diego, CA |
| Amanda Renfro | P | Texas Tech | Houston, TX |
| Kendall Richards | 3B | Texas A&M | Eugene, OR |
| Cheri Shinn | OF/UT | CSU Northridge | Olivehurst, CA |
Head coach Tim Kiernan
Assistant coach Chuck Windmiller
# La Pie qui Chante

La Pie qui Chante (English: The Singing Magpie), is a French brand of confectionery, since 2017 owned by Eurazeo.

## History

In 1860, Emile Cornillot started creating handmade confectionery from premises on rue Colbert, Lille, specializing in bonbons. The quality of the sweets meant that in 1885, he moved to larger premises on rue de l'Hôpital militaire.
After the signing of the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1893, his son Louis starts marketing the sweets in Russia under the FRANCORUSSE brand. A second factory and a second store opened in Paris in 1901.
On the death of his father Louis, his 19-year-old son George took over from his father. Wishing to diversify, in 1925 the company acquired the Marseille company La Pie qui Chante, which produced caramels. In 1927, in light of growing fear of the Bolsheviks, George changed the name of the company to La Pie qui Chante.
Following construction of the Hotel de Lille on the site of their factory, the company left Paris in 1933 for a new factory base in Wattignies. Once the move was complete, the Marseille factory was also closed. This allowed an expansion in production, and the release of its most famous sweet, Mi-cho-ko, produced from 1936.
At the onset of World War Two, the factory became a military supply depot for the British Army. After the Nazi occupation and the creation of Vichy France, women prisoners produced fresh candies (dates, figs) until the end of the war. In 1943 the company created a country club for employees, the future Promises community centre.
The family resumed control post war, and created a national sales network in 1955, supported by their first national level advertising campaigns on both radio and in newspapers. In 1960, the company received the diploma Prestige of France.
From 1959 to 1965, run by George's son Pierre, the company introduces a series of employee friendly employment contract developments, including a dropping of production targets and an automatic inclusion of enhanced bonuses.
In 1965, the company merges with other French confectionery brands that include KBO, Mob's, Femina and Clausse, under the ownership of General Foods. In 1972, fellow brand La société Delespaul-Havez is merged with La Pie qui Chante. After completion of the deal, the last member of the Cornillot to sit on the companies board retires, ending an association of 113 years.
In 1973, General Food joins the General Occidental group that is then transferred to BSN, later part of Groupe Danone. In 1997, the company was sold to Cadbury.
The Wattignies factory was closed in 2003, with production transferred to Marcq-en-Barœul.
In 2010, Cadbury came under the ownership of the American company Kraft Foods.
In 2017, Mondelēz International sold La Pie qui Chante and several other French confectionery brands to a consortium of French investors, CPK, with the investment fund Eurazeo as the majority stakeholder.
# André Wallenborn

André Wallenborn (born 25 March 1995) is a German footballer who plays as a left-back for Eintracht Norderstedt.
# Clyde Engineering JT26C-2SS locomotive

The JT26C-2SS is a model of heavy haul diesel electric locomotive designed and built by Clyde Engineering in Australia, based on Electro-Motive Division designs. There were 3 derivative models produced for 3 different government operators in Australia. These variants are:
* New South Wales 81 class locomotive
* Australian National BL class
* V/Line G Class
These locomotives were developed from the JT26C (Australian National AL class), which in turn was developed from the J26C-2SS design used for the New South Wales 422 class locomotive which added a turbocharger, amongst other design improvements.

## Related development

* New South Wales 422 class locomotive (J26C)
* Australian National AL class (JT26C)
* British Rail Class 59 (JT26CW-SS)
# Chrysler AD platform

The Chrysler AD platform was a truck platform used from 1972 through 1993. It was mainly used for pickup trucks like the Dodge D Series, thus the name. The AD platform was replaced by the Chrysler BE platform in 1994.
Applications:
* 1972–1980 Dodge D Series (D/W 100-D/W 300)
* 1972–1978 Fargo Truck (Canada/overseas)
* 1974–1993 Dodge Ramcharger
* 1974–1981 Plymouth Trail Duster (PD100, PW100)
* 1981–1993 Dodge Ram
# 1917–18 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team

The 1917–18 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1917–18 college basketball season. The Vandals were led by second-year head coach Hec Edmundson and played their home games on campus at the Armory and Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.
The Vandals were 12–2 overall.play. Due to World War I, freshmen were allowed to play varsity sports and the Vandals had five in the starting lineup.
This was the final year at Idaho for alumnus Edmundson, a Moscow native (and an Olympian in track in 1912). He coached at Washington in Seattle for decades, starting in 1920.
# Jean Belehouan

Seri Jean Leroy Belehouan (born 1 September 2000), known as Jean Belehouan, is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Gateshead.

## Early career

Belehouan was scouted by the Manchester United Academy whilst playing for a local club in Salford. Initially a midfielder, he converted to a defender following a growth spurt aged fifteen.

## Career

Following seven years with Manchester United, Belehouan joined Sheffield United in 2017. In January 2021, he joined National League club FC Halifax Town on loan until the end of the season. Having signed a first professional contract, he spent time on loan with National League North clubs Farsley Celtic and Boston United across 2022. He was released by Sheffield United at the end of the 2022–23 season.
Following his release, he spent time on trial with League Two club AFC Wimbledon before signing for Tranmere Rovers of the same division in September 2023 on a short-term contract. He was released at the end of the 2023–24 season.
On 17 August 2024, Belehouan joined National League side Gateshead on a one-year deal with the option to extend.

## Career statistics

    As of end of 2023–24 season
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sheffield United | 2020–21 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sheffield United | 2021–22 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sheffield United | 2022–23 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sheffield United | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FC Halifax Town (loan) | 2020–21 | National League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Farsley Celtic (loan) | 2021–22 | National League North | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Boston United (loan) | 2022–23 | National League North | 14 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Tranmere Rovers | 2023–24 | League Two | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 27 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in FA Trophy
* ↑ Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy
# Big N

Big N may refer to:
* DJ Big N
* Nagasaki Baseball Stadium
* Neisner's
* The Big N, a German gaming magazine
* Nickname for Nintendo
# Savonlinna sub-region

Savonlinna sub-region is a subdivision of Southern Savonia and one of the sub-regions of Finland since 2009.

## Municipalities

| Municipality | Population | Land area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) | Finnish speakers | Swedish speakers | Other speakers |
| Enonkoski | 1,290 | 306 | 4 | 98 % | 0 % | 4 % |
| Rantasalmi | 3,261 | 560 | 6 | 95 % | 0 % | 6 % |
| Savonlinna | 31,597 | 2,238 | 14 | 96 % | 0 % | 5 % |
| Sulkava | 2,366 | 584 | 4 | 96 % | 0 % | 4 % |
| Total | 38,514 | 3,687 | 10 | 96 % | 0 % | 5 % |
* This Eastern Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# William Edward Soothill

William Edward Soothill, FRGS (1861 – 1935) was a Methodist missionary to China who later became Professor of Chinese at the University of Oxford, and a leading British sinologist.

## Life

Born in Halifax, Yorkshire in January 1861, Soothill matriculated at London University. He entered the ministry of the United Methodist Free Church arriving in China in 1882 and spent 29 years as a missionary in Wenzhou, China. Another leading missionary there until 1909 was Grace Stott who led the China Inland Mission there.
Soothill founded a hospital, a training college, schools and 200 preaching stations. In 1911 Soothill became President of the Imperial University at Shanxi. Upon his return to England in 1920 he was appointed Professor of Chinese at Oxford University.
In 1921, he was awarded the Order of Wen-Hu (third class) by the Republic of China in recognition of services rendered in connection with the Chinese Labour Corps in France. In 1926 he was a member of Lord Willingdon's delegation to China on the settlement of the Boxer Rebellion indemnities.
He is best known for his translation into English of the Analects of Confucius and his Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index.
He married Lucy Farrar in 1884. She wrote an account of their years in China entitled A Passport to China. A daughter was Dorothea Hosie, whose husband was the diplomat Sir Alexander Hosie; Lady Hosie was the author of a number of books about China. John Farrar Soothill, medical doctor, was a grandson.

## Selected works

* William Edward Soothill (1900). The student's four thousand [characters] and general pocket dictionary (2 ed.). American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 420. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
* William Edward Soothill (1903). The student's four thousand ...: characters and general pocket dictionary, Volume 3 (3 ed.). American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 420. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
* William Edward Soothill (1908). The student's four thousand tzu and general pocket dictionary (6 ed.). American Presbyterian Mission Press. pp. 211. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
* The Student's Four Thousand and General Pocket Dictionary (1899)
* A Mission in China (1906,1907)
* The Analects of Confucius (1910)
* China and Education, with Special Reference to the University for China (1912)
* The Three Religions of China (1913; revised edition 1929)
* Timothy Richard of China (1924)
* China and the West: A sketch of their Intercourse (1925)
* A History of China (1927)
* China and England (1928)
* The Lotus of the Wonderful Law: or, The Lotus Gospel (1930)
* A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index (1937, with Lewis Hodous)
* The Hall of Light: A study of Early Chinese Kingship, edited by Lady Hosie and G. F. Hudson (1951)

## Sources

The Methodist Archives Biographical Index: Minutes of Conference 1958 and Encyclopedia of World Methodism (1974)
# René Bénésis

René Bénésis (born 29 August 1944) is a French former international rugby union player.
Born in Orthez, Bénésis was a hooker for France between 1969 and 1974, He toured Australia in 1972 and featured in France's 1973 win over New Zealand at the Parc des Princes. His early international appearances came while with RC Narbonne, before he moved on to SU Agen, where he won a Brennus Shield in 1976.
Bénésis helped coach SU Agen to another French Championship in 1982, then during the early 1990s had coaching stints at both US Dax and RC Narbonne. He has since retired to Languedoc.
# Lloyd Klein

Lloyd David Klein is a French couturier born 15 February 1967 in Canada. His fashion label is Lloyd Klein Couture.

## Career

Klein was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to French parents and was raised in Paris, France. He studied architecture at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs, and worked in an architect's practice in New York. He returned to Paris and switched to studying fashion after seeing a Givenchy runway show; he presented a prêt-à-porter collection in October 1987. Klein's first runway show was at the Opéra-Comique de Paris in 1994. Not long after, he was appointed head designer for the house of Grès. He then started his own label. In 1998 he moved his business to the United States.
He opened premises in the Heinsbergen Decorating Company Building on Beverly Boulevard.
In 2012 Klein started marketing sportswear for men and women under the label LKLA. In August 2013 a collaboration between Klein and eyewear manufacturer Ivory Mason was announced.
Among those who have worn clothes designed by Klein are: Natalie Cole, Paula Abdul, Tara Reid, Marissa Miller, Dita von Teese, Brandy Norwood (in "It All Belongs To Me") and Nicki Minaj (in "Your Love").

## Life

In February 2004 Klein was badly injured in a car crash outside Paris, and was in a coma for two days. His planned runway show at the New York Fashion Week was cancelled as a result.
# Hybrid brain cells

In 2024, researchers identified a new type of brain cell, termed hybrid brain cells that exhibit both neuron-like and glial-like properties. Unlike traditional neurons, these cells not only transmit electrical signals but also provide supportive roles typically associated with glial cells, such as regulating the brain's extracellular environment and maintaining overall homeostasis.

## Key characteristics

* Dual functionality: These cells possess the ability to conduct electrical impulses like neurons while also engaging in glial-like processes, such as clearing excess neurotransmitters.
* Potential roles: Their hybrid nature suggests they may serve as a bridge between neuronal communication and brain support functions.
* Implications for brain function: Hybrid neurons could play a significant role in brain plasticity and contribute to better understanding neurological diseases.

### Significance

This discovery challenges the traditional dichotomy of neurons and glial cells in brain research, highlighting a more complex cellular landscape. Hybrid neurons may provide insights into the mechanisms of brain repair, neurodegeneration, and cognitive resilience.

## Source

* 1 2 Makin, Simon (2023-12-01). "Newfound Hybrid Brain Cells Send Signals like Neurons Do". Scientific American. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
* ↑ "New type of brain cell discovered that acts like hybrid of two others". New Scientist. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
* ↑ "New Hybrid Cell Discovery Shakes Up Neuroscience". Neuroscience News. 2023-09-06. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
# Béchar Province

Béchar (Arabic: ولاية بشار) is a province (wilaya) in Algeria, located on the border with Morocco in the Algerian Sahara. It is the second least-densely populated province in Algeria, with a population of 353591 inhabitants in 2019, with a density of 2,19/square kilometers. Its capital and biggest city is Béchar.

## History

The greater part of the province is dry plains (hamadas) suitable for grazing but with insufficient surface water to support agriculture. Most settlements are therefore concentrated in oases along the Saoura valley and its tributaries. Natural resources include coal deposits in the north around Bechar and Kenadsa.
The oases' traditional economic basis was agriculture, notably growing date palms and grain. The inhabitants of several oases, notably Ouakda, Lahmar and Boukais, speak Berber languages, while the rest speak Arabic and Korandje. Many of the oases had significant populations of shurfa or Haratin peoples. There is a notable zaouia (traditional religious school) at Kenadsa. The region also supported a substantial mainly Arab pastoralist nomadic population, notably the Doui-Menia and Ouled Djerir; most or all have settled in the oases.
Trans-Saharan trade routes passing through this region played an important role in its economy in pre-modern times, but have at present been superseded. A small tourism industry exists, focused particularly on Taghit. Béchar, whose growth from a minor village began only in the early 20th century, has become the principal urban and administrative centre.
The region has a distinctive musical scene influenced by sub-Saharan African rhythms, whose best known representative is the Gnawi singer Hasna El Becharia. Another locally well-known group is El Sed, from Kenadsa.
Disagreements between Morocco and Algeria over their mutual border in this province and Tindouf led to conflict after Algeria's independence, the so-called Sand War.
The province was created from the Saoura department in 1974. In 1984 Tindouf Province was carved out of its territory. In 2019 Béni Abbès Province followed.

## Administrative divisions

The province is made up of 6 districts and 11 municipalities.
The districts are:
* Abadla
* Béchar
* Béni Ounif
* Kénadsa
* Lahmar
* Taghit
The municipalities are:
* Abadla
* Béchar
* Beni Ounif
* Boukais
* Erg Ferradj
* Kenadsa
* Lahmar
* Mechraa Houari Boumedienne
* Meridja
* Mogheul
* Taghit
# Turaida

Turaida (Livonian: Toraid, German: Treiden, Treyden; meaning Thor's garden in Livonian) is a part of Sigulda in the Vidzeme Region of Latvia. Its most famous site is the Brick Gothic Turaida Castle.
In 1212, a peace treaty was signed in Turaida between the Estonian tribes and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Archbishopric of Riga, the Livonians and the Latgalians.
# District Meteorological Observatory

The District Meteorological Observatory (管区気象台, Kanku Kishōdai), abbreviated to DMO, is a type of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) weather station (気象台, Kishōdai) and a part of a local government (地方支分部局, Chihō Shibun Bukyoku). There are five District Meteorological Observatories in Japan. They are responsible for regional observation of the atmosphere, earthquakes, volcanos, and gathering data to make public service announcements and provide warnings in the event of a natural disaster. They also supervise Local Meteorological Observatories (地方気象台, Chihō Kishōdai) and other weather stations within each district area.

## District Meteorological Observatories in Japan

* Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory (札幌管区気象台, Sapporo Kanku Kishōdai)
    Covering area: Hokkaido
* Sendai District Meteorological Observatory (仙台管区気象台, Sendai Kanku Kishōdai)
    Covering area: Tōhoku region
* Tokyo District Meteorological Observatory (東京管区気象台, Tōkyō Kanku Kishōdai)
    Covering area: Kantō and Chūbu region
* Osaka District Meteorological Observatory (大阪管区気象台, Ōsaka Kanku Kishōdai)
    Covering area: Kinki, Chūgoku (except for Yamaguchi Prefecture) and Shikoku region
* Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatory (福岡管区気象台, Fukuoka Kanku Kishōdai)
    Covering area: Yamaguchi Prefecture and Kyushu region except for Okinawa Prefecture
In addition to the above weather observatories, Okinawa Meteorological Observatory (沖縄気象台, Okinawa Kishōdai) is considered to be equivalent to them in a status owing to the wideness of its district area, which is covering largely in the ocean. This particular position is provided by Article XLVIII, Section 2 of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省設置法, Kokudo Kōtsūsho Secchihō).