OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samantha Vinograd

Samantha Erin Vinograd (born February 17, 1983) is a former American government official and presently a foreign policy commentator. She served as the Assistant Secretary for Counterterrorism, Threat Prevention, and Law Enforcement Policy at the Department of Homeland Security from July 2021 to December 2023.

## Early life and education

Vinograd was born and raised in Connecticut in a Jewish family, including her father who is a Holocaust survivor from France. Vinograd graduated from the Hopkins School in New Haven, Connecticut, in 2001.
After high school, Vinograd attended the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 2005 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Asian and Middle Eastern studies. She later received a Master of Arts in security studies from Georgetown University.

## Career

After her studies, Vinograd joined the U.S. Department of the Treasury, working as deputy attaché to Iraq and as an International Economist during the George W. Bush administration.
In August 2009, during the Obama administration, she began her tenure at the National Security Council, where she served as director for Iraq, director for international economics, and as senior advisor to National Security Advisor Thomas E. Donilon.
In 2013, she began to work for Goldman Sachs focusing on public-private sector partnerships. She later worked at Stripe, leading global public policy before joining CNN as a national security analyst. For several years, Vinograd was also a Senior Advisor at the Biden Institute at the University of Delaware.
She has worked as an advisor to the US Fund for UNICEF, was named a David E. Rockefeller Fellow at the Trilateral Commission, a Millennium Fellow at the Atlantic Council, and serves on the board of the Women's Foreign Policy Group. She co-founded Global Opportunity Advisors, a geopolitical risk and policy advisory firm, with Morgan Ortagus.

### Biden Administration

Vinograd began serving in the Biden administration as senior counselor for national security and acting assistant secretary for counterterrorism and threat prevention at the Department of Homeland Security in February 2021. She was promoted to assistant secretary for counterterrorism and threat prevention in July 2021.
Vinograd left DHS in December of 2023 and joined the Brunswick Group.
# Paul A. Libby

Paul Andrews Libby (September 4, 1921 – November 2, 2021) was a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of California, San Diego, a specialist in the field of combustion and aerospace engineering.

## Biography

Libby received his bachelor's degree in 1942 and obtained his PhD in 1949, both from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. After his bachelor's degree, he worked at Chance Vought Aircraft for two years and then served in the United States Navy during World War II until 1946 in between his Bachelors and Doctorate degrees; he was a Junior Grade Lieutenant when discharged.
He joined the faculty of Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and advanced to the rank of Professor. At that time, the famous aerodynamicist Antonio Ferri, a friend of Theodore von Kármán, joined the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Libby worked with Ferri as an assistant for ten years. In 1962, when Sol Penner was looking for faculty for the newly-founded School of Engineering at the University of California, San Diego, Libby was recommended to Penner by von Kármán. He joined UCSD in 1964 as one of the 10 founding faculty members. He served as department chair from 1973 to 1976. He also served as Acting Dean and Associate Dean of Graduate affairs.
Libby died in La Jolla, California, on November 2, 2021, at the age of 100.

## Research

Libby's research focused on a broad range of topics in fluid dynamics including boundary layers, turbulence, aerothermochemistry and combustion. The structure of shock waves was exactly solved by Morduchow and Libby in 1949, demonstrating that the entropy of the gas goes through a maximum upon crossing the shock wave. He, along with Keith Stewartson, were the first to identify the eigensolutions of boundary layer equations and to study the uniqueness of the boundary-layer solutions. Homann flow, axisymmetric stagnation point flows, were generalized by Libby. Paul Libby, along with Kenneth Bray, discovered an important phenomenon known as Counter-gradient diffusion in turbulent flames, in a series of papers in the '80s which are considered important contributions to our understanding of turbulent combustion.

## Publications

He produced more than 200 journal publications throughout his career. He authored numerous books and monographs, which include An Introduction to Turbulence, Turbulent Reacting Flows (co-authored with Forman A. Williams), Space Flight and Re-Entry Trajectories, A Theoretical Analysis of the Turbulent Mixing of Reactive Gases with Application to the Supersonic Combustion of Hydrogen, Some Perturbation Solutions in Laminar Boundary Layer Theory, and Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Supersonic Combustion.

## Honors

Libby was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1999 for contributions as a researcher, author, and educator who advanced knowledge of fluid dynamics, turbulence, and combustion through theoretical analyses. He was a Guggenheim Fellow and a Guest Fellow of the British Royal Society. Combustion Science and Technology issued a special issue in honor of Libby's 100th birthday.
# Colorado's 35th Senate district

Colorado's 35th Senate district is one of 35 districts in the Colorado Senate. It has been represented by Republican Rod Pelton since 2023. Prior to redistricting, the district was represented by Republicans Cleave Simpson and before him Larry Crowder.

## Geography

District 35 covers a large area of southeastern Colorado. The district includes all or part of Baca, Bent, Cheyenne, Crowley, El Paso, Elbert, Huerfano, Kiowa, Kit Carson, Las Animas, Lincoln, Otero, and Prowers counties, including the communities of Black Forest, Trinidad, Lamar, La Junta, and Rocky Ford.
The district is split between Colorado's 3rd, 4th and 5th congressional districts, and overlaps with the 15th, 20th, 21st, 47th, 56th and 62nd districts of the Colorado House of Representatives.

## Recent election results

Colorado state senators are elected to staggered four-year terms. The old 35th district held elections in presidential years, but the new district drawn following the 2020 Census will hold elections in midterm years.

### 2022

The 2022 election was the first one held under the state's new district lines.
2022 Colorado State Senate election, District 35 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Rod Pelton | 58,478 | 74.3 |
| | Democratic | Travis Nelson | 20,230 | 25.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 78,708 | 100 |

## Historical election results
### 2020

2020 Colorado State Senate election, District 35 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Cleave Simpson | 43,970 | 60.1 |
| | Democratic | Carlos Lopez | 29,163 | 39.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 73,133 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2016

2016 Colorado State Senate election, District 35 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Larry Crowder (incumbent) | 38,880 | 59.9 |
| | Democratic | Jim Casias | 23,358 | 36.0 |
| | Libertarian | William Bartley | 2,668 | 4.1 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 64,906 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2012

2012 Colorado State Senate election, District 35 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Larry Crowder | 31,117 | 49.2 |
| | Democratic | Crestina Martinez | 29,617 | 46.9 |
| | Libertarian | William Bartley | 2,461 | 3.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 63,195 | 100 |
| | Republican gain from new constituency | Republican gain from new constituency | Republican gain from new constituency | Republican gain from new constituency |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2020 | President | Trump 59.0 – 38.8% |
| 2018 | Governor | Stapleton 54.8 – 40.5% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 56.9 – 35.6% |
| 2014 | Senate | Gardner 55.4 – 37.7% |
| 2014 | Governor | Beauprez 53.9 – 40.5% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 52.0 – 45.5% |
# Red Rock, New South Wales

Red Rock is a small hamlet in the northern beaches of the Coffs Harbour coast beside the banks of the Corindi River on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, and is surrounded by National Parks. It is in the City of Coffs Harbour local government area. At the 2016 census, Red Rock had a population of 303 people.
The Red Rock headland, from which the town takes its name, is 20 metres (66 ft) high, is named for its vivid colour caused by the amount of rock jasper, an opaque silica, in its composition. This formation is believed to be more than 300 million years old.
The Traditional Owners of Red Rock and the surrounding areas are the Gumbaynggirr people who have occupied this land for thousands of years.

## History

Red Rock sits within the traditional Gumbaynggirr tribal area and it was first colonised in the 19th century when farmers established themselves at what is now Corindi Beach.
The headland is an extremely sacred site for the Gumbaynggirr people and it is also the site of a massacre of their people in 1841 which is known as the Bloodrock massacre as this is what many of the Garby (Gumbaynggirr) Elders began calling this place. The massacre began at Blackadders Creek when mounted police entered a campsite. They started shooting and then pursued the survivors to the Corindi River where they continued shooting. Some people were also driven off the headland. A memorial has been erected at the base of the headland to honour the victims and survivors of the massacre; it is now viewed as an important place for reflection

## Tourism

Red Rock is primarily a holiday village. Most of the residencies remain vacant throughout majority of the year - except during the school holidays, where you will need to book though the camping ground typically years in advance to secure a site. There is a lifesaving club, community centre, bowling club, a general store and caravan park located within the village.
The area has lovely beaches and the river is also good for swimming, kayaking and snorkeling. The southern beach can be dangerous and isn't recommended for children, but it provides excellent fishing and great shorebreak barrels which have been mastered by the local bodyboard surfers. It is easy to cross the estuary and explore the National Park to the north.
# Araneus trifolium

Araneus trifolium, the shamrock orbweaver, is a species of orb weaver in the family Araneidae. It is found throughout the USA and in Canada. The abdomen of Araneus trifolium can have various colors. Most commonly, it is seen in a beige or brown color. Occasionally, the abdomen of the spider has a greenish touch to the brown color or it may even be yellow or orange. In the latter case, Araneus trifolium is sometimes confused with the orange orb weaver species Araneus marmoreus, also called pumpkin spider. The shamrock spider can be distinguished from other orb weaver species by the several white dots on its back. The legs of Araneus trifolium are usually brown or beige colored with several white bands around the joints.
The shamrock spider creates a web to catch its prey. Small flying insects who fly into the web will get stuck in the sticky net. The web of an orb weaver can be up to two feet (60 cm) in diameter.
The bite of a shamrock spider can be painful but it is not dangerous for humans with effects comparable to a bee sting.
# Araneus yukon

Araneus yukon is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in Russia and Canada.
# Mark Nickens

Mark G. Nickens (born April 8, 1959) is an American former basketball player. In college, he competed for TCU and American. He was a two-time honorable mention All-American and the co-East Coast Conference Player of the Year in 1982.

## Playing career

Nickens grew up in Washington, D.C., and attended Mackin High School. In college, he spent his freshman season playing for TCU, appearing in 22 games while averaging 8.9 points per game. The fit was not right, so Nickens transferred to his home city's American University. He had to redshirt a season, then spent his final three years of eligibility playing for the Eagles. Nickens began as the sixth man, but due to an injury to star player Boo Bowers, Nickens was elevated to a starting role and never looked back. In his junior and senior seasons he was named first-team All-East Coast Conference (ECC). As a junior in 1981–82 he averaged 19.2 points, 5.0 rebounds, and 2.5 steals per game while leading American to a 21–9 overall record. Nickens shared the ECC Player of the Year honor with Temple's Granger Hall. Nickens was also named by the Associated Press an honorable mention All-American in both his junior and senior years.
After his collegiate career ended, Nickens was selected in the ensuing 1983 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks in the fourth round (88th overall). He was waived in September prior to the start of the regular season and never appeared in an NBA game.
# Eight of Cups

The Eight of Cups is a card used in Latin-suited playing cards, which include tarot decks. It is part of what tarot card readers call the "Minor Arcana"
Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.
This card indicates changes in affections and the breaking of irrelevant links with the past – a turning away from existing relationships and objects of affection with the intent of progressing to that which is new and deeper in meaning. A change or gaining of perspective, this can indicate disillusion with the present, inaugurating the growth of greater future contentment and depth.
This card usually carries the meaning of disillusionment and abandonment of things which have not been emotionally fulfilling.
# Woronora Memorial Park

Woronora Memorial Park (often referred to as Woronora Cemetery) is a cemetery in Woronora, Sydney, Australia.

## History

Woronora Cemetery was established in 1895 with the first burial on 2 April 1895. In 1902 the Devonshire Street Cemetery was closed to make way for Central railway station and some graves were relocated to Woronora. The first cremation occurred in April 1934.
The cemetery is managed by Southern Metropolitan Cemeteries NSW (officially "Southern Metropolitan Cemeteries Land Manager"), consisting of Woronora Memorial Park and Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park, which replaced the Woronora Memorial Park Trust upon gazettal on 3 August 2012.

## Crematorium

The original crematorium building, incorporating two chapels and a dual-furnace crematory, was completed in 1934 in the Inter-war Art Deco style by architect Louis Leighton Robertson of Louis S. Robertson & Son, architects, and built by Norman R. Smith, builder of Bexley. Robertson also designed crematoriums in a similar style at Matraville (1938), Kembla Grange (1955), and Beresfield (1936). The crematorium was officially opened on 21 April 1934 by the Colonial Secretary, Frank Chaffey.
In 2018, the 1934 crematorium was decommissioned and a new crematorium able to accommodate the increasing demand for cremations was completed to a design by architects Gardner Wetherill Associates.

## Transport

A 750-metre railway line opened on 28 July 1900 branching off the Illawarra railway line at Sutherland terminating at Woronora Cemetery railway station. It closed on 23 May 1947.

## Notable people

Notable people interred at Woronora Cemetery include:
* Carl Akhurst, politician
* Henry Bachtold, soldier and railway engineer
* Harry Bath, rugby league
* Tiger Black, rugby league
* Brian Clay, rugby league
* William Matthew Currey, Victoria Cross
* Thomas Dunlea, Catholic priest
* John Patrick Hamilton, Victoria Cross recipient
* Stanley Haviland, public servant
* Frank Jenner, evangelist
* Tom Killiby, rugby league
* Elias C. Laycock, rower
* John Harold Mostyn, rugby league
* Norman Oakes, public servant
* John Radecki, master stained glass artist
* Blair Wark, Victoria Cross recipient
# Joan Holden

Joan Holden (January 18, 1939 – January 19, 2024) was an American playwright. For 32 years, she was the resident playwright of the San Francisco Mime Troupe. Holden died from cancer on January 19, 2024, at the age of 85.

## Early life and education

Joan Ada Allan was born on January 18, 1939, in Berkeley, California. Her mother, Seema Rynin, was a writer and psychiatric social worker. Her father, William Allen, was an agricultural economist.
She graduated from Berkeley High School in 1956. She received a degree in English from Reed College in 1960.

## Career

Holden served as the San Francisco Mime Troupe's principal playwright from 1967 to 2000. She wrote or co-wrote more than 30 plays. Most of her plays focused on her left-leaning politics.
She was head author for the Obie-winning play The Dragon Lady’s Revenge, about the Vietnam War. She won another Obie as one of the authors of Seeing Double, about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In 1987, the San Francisco Mime Troupe won the Regional Theatre Tony Award.

## Personal life

She married Arthur Holden at age 19 after meeting him when they were both students at Reed College. They divorced, and Holden started a long-term relationship with Dan Chumley. She had three children, Kate, Sophia, and Lily, with Chumley.
# Midas (disambiguation)

Midas, king of Phrygia, also a figure from Greek mythology.
Midas may also refer to:

## Arts and fiction

* Midas (comics), the name of two fictional characters in the Marvel Universe
* Midas (DC Comics), a fictional character from DC Comics
* Midas (fictional planet), in the Colony Wars franchise

### Film, TV and theatre

* Midas (burletta), a 1760 "mock opera" by Kane O'Hara
* Midas (Lyly play), an Elizabethan stage play by John Lyly
* Midas (Shelley play), an 1820 play by Mary Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley
* Midas (TV series), a 2011 South Korean TV series
* Midas, a rich patron of the arts in the operetta Die schöne Galathée, by Franz von Suppé

### Music

* Midas (DJs), a British happy hardcore duo
* Midas (English band), an English indie rock band
* Midas (Japanese band), a Japanese progressive rock band

## Places

* Midas, California, an unincorporated community in Placer County, California, United States
* Midas, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Floyd County, Kentucky, United States
* Midas, Nevada, an unincorporated community in Elko County, Nevada, United States
* Other name for Midès oasis in Tunisia, the Ancient Numidian city Mades

## Companies and transport

* Midas (automotive service), a chain of automotive service centers
* Midas Cars, a British car manufacturer
* Midas Consoles, a manufacturer of audio consoles
* MIDAS Trial, a randomized controlled trial for drugs and alcohol misuse
* MS Midas, a Finnish cargo ship
* Midas, NATO reporting name for Ilyushin Il-78
* Midas Pharma, German pharmaceutical company.

## Finance

* Midas (banking system), a core-banking solution from Misys International Banking systems
* Midas formula, a financial-analysis formula
* Midas List, an annual list of dealmakers in high-tech and life science

## Acronyms

* Maximum Integrated Data Acquisition System, an open source data acquisition system used in particle and nuclear physics
* Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System
* MIDAS (operating system) (Microsoft Interrupt Driven Asynchronous System), a 1979 operating system
* MIDAS Heritage a Monument Inventory Data Standard for recording historic sites
* Missile Defense Alarm System (MiDAS), 1960–1966 American early-warning missile-launch detection system
* Migraine Disability Assessment Test
* Minibus Driver Awareness Scheme, a training and registration scheme for drivers of minibuses
* Mixed-data sampling, an econometric regression or filtering method
* Motorway Incident Detection and Automatic Signalling, a distributed network of traffic sensors
* Multics Intrusion Detection and Alerting System, see Intrusion detection system

## Other

* 1981 Midas, an asteroid discovered in 1973
* European Association of Daily Newspapers in Minority and Regional Languages (MIDAS)
* Midas, NATO reporting name for Ilyushin Il-78 aerial refueling tanker
* Midas Touch, originally Midas Touch Golden Elixir, a beer produced by Dogfish Head Brewery
* MidasWWW, one of the first web browsers
# Mime (disambiguation)

A mime or mime artist is a person who uses a theatrical medium or performance art involving the acting out of a story through body motions without use of speech called miming.
Mime or miming may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Performance

* An alternative word for lip sync
* Mimicry or imitation
* Mime, a style of Dorian Greek poetry also called mime-iambic; see Sophron
* Miming in instrumental performance
* Mime Gopi, Indian mime and actor
* Mime Madhu, Indian mime and actor

### Fictional characters

* Mime, a character in Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen corresponding to Regin in Old Norse texts
* Mime, a fictional character in the cartoon series Happy Tree Friends
* Mr. Mime and Mime Jr., species of Pokémon
* Mime (comics), a fictional villain from DC Comics

## Other uses

* MIME, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
** S/MIME
** 8BITMIME
** MIME type, the original application of media type, a computer feature for the identification of file formats on the internet
* Mime Glacier, a small glacier in Antarctica
* Mimecast (Nasdaq: MIME)
* A unit of imitation in the theory of symbiosism
# Lisove, Brody urban hromada, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast

Lisove (Ukrainian: Лісове) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Brody urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.
Until 18 July 2020, Lisove belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.