OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Herbert Matthews (agriculturalist)

Sir Alfred Herbert Henry Matthews (25 July 1870 – c. 21 July 1958) was an English agriculturalist and politician.

## Early life and education

Matthews was born in Hanborough, Oxfordshire, the son of Alfred Thomas Matthews, a civil servant and journalist, and Elizabeth Townsend. He was educated at College House School, Edmonton.

## Career

Matthews became the Secretary of the Central Chamber of Agriculture in 1901 and continued in this role until 1927. In 1926, Matthews took a reduction in his salary of £120 to ensure that the finances of the Central Chamber remained stable, in return for a decrease in expenditure.
Matthews was President of the Institute of Traffic Administration and also President of the Industrial Transport Association. Matthews was also a President of the Mansion Housing Association and a Chairman of Fraser Trust Ltd. Matthews also sat on the Agricultural Committee of the British Science Guild. In Parliament, Lord Lloyd referenced Sir Herbert, saying "I need not tell your Lordships who Sir Herbert Matthews is or cite the value of his authority to you: it is well known."
He was knighted in 1916.

## Personal life

In 1900, Matthews married Ada Glover Mace (died 1948), daughter of William Glover Mace. Following her death, he married secondly Alma Gordon, widow of Major Clisdal.

## Published works

* Fifty Years of Agricultural Politics: Being the History of the Central Chamber of Agriculture (1915)
# List of 19th-century British children's literature authors

List of authors of 19th-century British children's literature, arranged by year of birth:
* Eliza Fenwick (1767–1840) $^†$
* Barbara Hofland (1770–1844)
* George Walker (1772–1847) $^†$
* Mary Martha Sherwood (1775–1851)
* Alicia Catherine Mant (1788–1869)
* Frederick Marryat (1792–1848) $^†$
* Charlotte Anley (1796–1893) $^†$
* Catherine Sinclair (1800–1864)
* Anna Maria Hall (1800–1881)
* Catherine Crowe (1803–1876) $^†$
* W. H. G. Kingston (1814–1880)
* Elizabeth Missing Sewell (1815–1906)
* Charles Kingsley (1819–1875) $^†$
* Anna Sewell (1820–1878)
* Jean Ingelow (1820–1897) $^†$
* Charlotte Maria Tucker (1821–1893)
* Thomas Hughes (1822–1896)
* Charlotte Mary Yonge (1823–1901) $^†$
* William Brighty Rands (1823–1882) $^†$
* George MacDonald (1824–1905) $^†$
* Anna Harriet Drury (1824–1912) $^†$
* Annie Keary (1825–1879)
* Robert Michael Ballantyne (1825–1894)
* Dinah Craik (1826–1887)
* Frederic W. Farrar (1831–1909)
* Lewis Carroll (1832–1898) $^†$
* G. A. Henty (1832–1902) $^†$
* Hesba Stretton (1832–1911)
* Emilia Marryat (1835–1875)
* Frances Mary Peard (1835–1923) $^†$
* Frank Atha Westbury (1838–1901) $^†$
* Mary Louisa Molesworth (1839–1921)
* Sarah Doudney (1841–1926) $^†$
* Juliana Horatia Ewing (1842–1885)
* Christabel Rose Coleridge (1843–1921)
* Andrew Lang (1844–1912) $^†$
* Evelyn Whitaker (1844–1929)
* Georgina Castle Smith (1845–1933)
* Agnes Giberne (1845–1939)
* Blanche Atkinson (1847–1911) $^†$
* Flora Annie Steel (1847–1929) $^†$
* Richard Jefferies (1848–1887)
* Amy Catherine Walton (1849–1939)
* Frances Hodgson Burnett (1849-1924)
* Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894) $^†$
* Talbot Baines Reed (1852–1893)
* L. T. Meade (1854–1914)
* Evelyn Everett-Green (1856–1932)
* E. Nesbit (1858–1924)
* E. E. Cowper (1859–1933) $^†$
* Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler (1860–1929) $^†$
* Herbert Hayens (1861–1944)
* G. E. Farrow (1862–1919)
* Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) $^†$
* Mrs Henry de la Pasture (1866–1945) $^†$
# Graduation Day (The Four Freshmen song)

"Graduation Day" is a song composed by Joe Sherman with lyrics by his brother Noel Sherman, and was a 1956 hit song by the Four Freshmen.

## Background

The song is about nostalgia and was an important influence in the early rock era.

## Chart performance

In the US, the Four Freshmen recording reached number 27 on the Best Sellers in Stores chart. in 1956. The version by the Canadian vocal group The Rover Boys (named after the popular college-themed literary characters) reached number 16 on the U.S. charts.

## Cover versions

* Bobby Pickett released his own version of the song in 1963.
* The song was a concert staple of the Beach Boys, who were deeply influenced by the Four Freshmen. A recording of it was featured on the live Capitol Records album Beach Boys Concert (1964), and a studio version was included as a bonus track on the 1990 Today! & Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) compilation CD.
* In 1967, The Arbors recorded their version and included on their The Arbors Sing Valley of the Dolls LP.
# The Rising Generation

The Rising Generation is a lost 1928 British silent comedy film directed by Harley Knoles and George Dewhurst and starring Alice Joyce, Jameson Thomas and Robin Irvine. It was based on a play by Laura Leycester. The screenplay concerns a couple who masquerade as servants.

## Cast

* Alice Joyce as Mrs Kent
* Jameson Thomas as Major Kent
* Robin Irvine as George Breese
* William Freshman as Robert Kent
* Joan Barry as Peggy Kent
* Betty Nuthall as School Friend
* Gerald Ames as John Parmoor
* Gerald Rawlinson as Augustus
* Pamela Deane as Friend
* Eric Findon as Friend
* Eugenie Prescott as Maid
* Clare Greet as Cook
* Nervo and Knox as Themselves

## Preservation status

* This film is now lost.
# Crybaby

Crybaby, Cry-Baby, CryBaby or Cry Baby may refer to:

## Music
### Albums

* Cry Baby (Garnet Mimms album), 1963
* Cry Baby (Melanie Martinez album), 2015
* The Crybaby, a 2000 album by the American rock band Melvins
* Crybaby (Lil Peep mixtape), 2016
* Crybaby (Tegan and Sara album), 2022

### Songs

* "Cry Baby" (Garnet Mimms song), 1963, also recorded by Janis Joplin in 1970
* "Cry Baby" (Jemini song), 2003
* "Cry Baby" (Cee Lo Green song), 2010
* "Cry Baby" (Megan Thee Stallion song), 2020
* "Cry Baby" (Melanie Martinez song), 2015
* "Cry Baby" (Official Hige Dandism song), 2021
* "Cry Baby" (Clean Bandit, Anne-Marie and David Guetta song), 2024
* "Crybaby" (Mariah Carey song), 2000
* "Crybaby" (Paloma Faith song), 2017
* "Crybaby" (SZA song), 2024
* "Cry Baby", by the Bonnie Sisters, 1956
* "Cry Baby", by Kix from Midnite Dynamite, 1985
* "Cry Baby", by Stray Cats from Choo Choo Hot Fish, 1992
* "Cry Baby", by Cheap Trick from Woke Up with a Monster, 1994
* "Cry Baby", by Reks from Grey Hairs, 2008
* "Cry Baby", by the Neighbourhood from Wiped Out!, 2015
* "Cry Baby", by Demi Lovato from Tell Me You Love Me, 2017
* "Cry Baby", by Lizzo from Cuz I Love You, 2019
* "Cry Baby", by MacKenzie Porter, 2019
* "Crybaby", by Utopia from Oblivion, 1984
* "Crybaby", by Cults from To the Ghosts, 2024

## Other uses

* Cry-Baby, a 1990 film by John Waters
* Cry-Baby (musical), a 2007 musical adaptation of the 1990 film
* Cry Baby, the protagonist of Melanie Martinez’s film K-12
* Cry Baby (gum), a brand of sour bubble gum
* Dunlop Cry Baby, a wah-wah effects guitar pedal
# Diu

Diu may refer to:
* Diu, India, a city in Diu district in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India
** Diu district, part of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
** Diu Island, an island and part of Diu district
** Daman and Diu (Lok Sabha constituency)
** Daman and Diu, former union territory of India, now part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
** Goa, Daman and Diu, former union territory of India, divided into Goa and Daman and Diu
** Diu Head, a headland in the Arabian Sea
* Diu (Cantonese), a Cantonese profanity
* Buth Diu (died 1972), Sudanese politician
DIU may refer to:
* Dansk Interlingua Union, an organization that promotes Interlingua in Denmark
* Defense Innovation Unit, a US Department of Defense organization
* Diplôme interuniversitaire, a French degree
* Diu Airport, in Diu, India, IATA code: DIU
* Divisional Intelligence Unit, police intelligence at the divisional level
* Down-with-Imperialism Union, a union formed by Kim Il-sung, president of North Korea
* Dresden International University [de], part of Dresden University in Germany
* Dubrovnik International University in Croatia
* Diamond Is Unbreakable, the fourth part of manga series JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
* Daffodil International University in Bangladesh
# Usman Haji Muhammad Ali

Second Sergeant Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali (18 March 1943 – 17 October 1968), also spelt Osman bin Haji Mohamed Ali, was an Indonesian marine and convicted murderer. He uses the aliases Janatin or Usman Janatin during his task of bombing the MacDonald House, which killed three people and injured 33 other people. Usman was executed alongside his accomplice Harun Said for the murders of the three deceased victims from the MacDonald House bombing.

## Early life and career

Usman Haji Muhammad Ali was born in Jatisaba, Purbalingga, on 18 March 1943. He graduated from middle school in 1962.
On 1 June 1962, he entered the Indonesian Marine Corps, and was appointed as one of three volunteers to serve in the military operation Komando Siaga (later renamed Komando Mandala Siaga), led by Air Force Vice Admiral Omar Dhani, during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. Usman was later stationed at Sambu Island, Riau.

## MacDonald House bombing

Usman and Harun were instructed to bomb a power station by their superiors, but they were unable to accomplish that mission since their target was tightly guarded and proceeded to find an easier target—an office building crowded with workers and the general public in Orchard Road.
The team detonated a 12-kilogram high explosive, placed inside a blue traveling bag, inside the MacDonald House at 3:07 pm local time on 10 March 1965, killing three civilians, a Malay Muslim driver (Muhammad Yasin Kesit) and two Chinese women (Elizabeth Susie Choo Kay Hoi and Juliet Goh Hwee Kuang), who were office staff of a bank.

## Capture and conviction

Usman and Harun subsequently escaped to a beach, while Gani disappeared and presumably returned to Indonesia. After seizing a motorboat, which broke down at sea, they were rescued by another boat and subsequently handed over to the Singapore Marine Police on 13 March 1965. Initially claiming to be engaged in fishing, they were however arrested and interrogated by the local police.
Usman and Harun were convicted of murder as they had been wearing civilian clothes at the time and had targeted a civilian building; both men were sentenced to death by a Singapore court. The two were hanged in Changi Prison on 17 October 1968. Usman's remains were taken back to Indonesia and buried in Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery, Jakarta.

## National hero status

They were awarded the status of Indonesian national heroes on 17 October 1968 (the same day they were hanged) and were posthumously promoted to one rank higher than those they held prior to their last operation.

### KRI Usman Harun (359)

In 2014, one of three ships of the Bung Tomo-class corvette of the Indonesian Navy (initially built for Brunei but later sold to Indonesia) was named after Usman and Harun as the KRI Usman Harun (bearing the pennant number 359). The ship's name caused controversy between Indonesia and Singapore due to the bombing attack of 1965 and its immediate after-effects. Indonesia has not reversed its naming decision; in response, the Singapore government has banned the ship from entering its waters or docking in the country.
# Nagórzyckie Grottoes in Tomaszów Mazowiecki

The Nagórzyckie Grottoes in Tomaszów Mazowiecki (pol. Groty Nagórzyckie w Tomaszowie Mazowieckim. Also known as: Nagórzyckie Caves) – the former underground quartz sand mine in the southern part of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland.

## Characteristics

The history of the local sandstone rocks dates back almost 100 million years, i.e. to the Cretaceous period. The grottoes are mentioned in documents and chronicles from the 18th century as a source of ”white sand”, mined by local peasants for construction purposes. The mining operations transformed small recesses into sizable caverns. In the 19th century, sand from the Nagórzyce region, containing transparent quartz, gained recognition from the global glass industry. At the beginning of the 20th century, during the extraction of sand, one of the chambers collapsed, sealing the entrance to the grottoes. After World War II, it was considered to create a wine cellar inside and to build an open–air glass–making museum. Pollution, soil, erosion and the general poor condition of the grottoes mad these plans impossible. Currently, thanks to the EU funds, The Nagórzyckie Grottoes have been renovated, secured, and made available for visiting. An underground tourist route has been created and has soon become a local tourist attraction. The largest excavation, known as the ”Royal Hall” is a 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 3 meters high. The route runs through the central part of the excavation, and thanks to the openwork securing structures, its individual rooms and corridors are perfectly visible. Along the illuminated route there are numerous exhibits related to the history of the grottoes and the extraction of sand from the local deposits, as well as local legends. There is a legend in Polish folk culture that the crafty devil and ruthless robber "Madej" allegedly resided in The Nagórzyckie Grottoes.
# William Proby, Lord Proby

William Allen Proby, Lord Proby (19 June 1779 – 6 August 1804) was a British Royal Navy officer and Whig politician.

## Background and education

Proby was the eldest son of John Proby, 2nd Baron Carysfort (later 1st Earl of Carysfort, and his first wife Elizabeth (née Osbourne). He was educated at Rugby School, Warwickshire, England from 1788.

## Royal Naval service

Proby was commissioned into the Royal Navy and was promoted quickly, probably due to the influence of his family; while serving on the Lisbon station, in December 1797, he was placed in temporary command of HMS Emerald and by 1798, at the age of 19, he had been promoted to post-captain having also commanded the fireship Tarleton and the sloop Peterel. He became the captain of Danae and in her suffered a mutiny on 14 March 1800; forty of the crew seized the ship off Le Conquet, Brest. The mutiny seems to have been caused by Danae being overburdened with French and American sailors conscripted unwillingly, and possibly a rather lax approach to discipline. Having secured the loyal crew below decks, the mutineers gave up the ship to the French 16-gun brig-corvette Colombe, which sent over a boarding party. Lord Proby surrendered the ship with the words "To the French nation, but not to mutineers." He and the loyal members of his crew were exchanged on parole, having received favourable treatment from the French authorities.
He took command of Amelia in April 1802, and in May sailed to Cork, Waterford and Dublin to land 150 discharged seaman. The summer was spent combatting smugglers between Berry Head and Mount's Bay, and by the end of August, Amelia had sailed for Den Helder with Dutch troops discharged from the British service. Amelia was based in Portsmouth for most of 1803, sailing to Jersey and the Downs, and blockading Dutch ports. Proby captured as prizes a French chasse-marée in ballast on 23 May, and on 11 August the French privateer lugger Alert.
Amelia deployed to the Leeward Islands station, notorious at the time for disease; Lord Proby died from yellow fever in Surinam in August 1804, aged 25, while in command of the frigate. He was buried in a vault in St Michael's Cathedral, Bridgetown, Barbados, where a tablet records his death.

## Member of Parliament

He represented Buckingham as a Whig in the House of Commons from 1802 until his death in 1804. His younger brother John succeeded him as Member of Parliament for Buckingham.

## Title

From 1789, when his father was created Earl of Carysfort in the Peerage of Ireland, William Proby was styled as Lord Proby. He died unmarried and his younger brother John succeeded to the earldom when his father died in April 1828.
Parliament of the United Kingdom :
| Preceded byGeorge Nugent Thomas Grenville | Member of Parliament for Buckingham with Thomas Grenville 1802–1804 | Succeeded byThomas Grenville Lord Proby |
# Holt Cemetery

Holt Cemetery is a potter's field cemetery in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is located next to Delgado Community College, behind the right field fence of the college's baseball facility, Kirsch-Rooney Stadium. The cemetery is named after Dr. Joseph Holt, an official of the New Orleans Board of Health (famously involved with city health issues concerning Storyville, the Red-light district of New Orleans) who officially established the cemetery in the 19th century. Holt Cemetery is one of the Historic Cemeteries of New Orleans.
The cemetery was established in 1879 to inter the bodies of poor or indigent residents of the city. Funeral processions to Holt Cemetery were generally around, rather than through, the city. The original cemetery was 5.5 acres, and it was expanded in 1909 to 7 acres. Nearly all of the tombs are in-ground burials. As established, ownership of the graves at Holt Cemetery were given to the families of the deceased for the cost of digging the grave and subsequent maintenance of the plot.
Most of the graves and tombs at Holt Cemetery were not commercially or professionally produced but were instead fabricated by families of the deceased, giving the cemetery a strong personal touch.
The cemetery contains the remains of early blues and jazz musicians including Babe Stovall, Jessie Hill and Charles "Buddy" Bolden. The battered remains of Robert Charles, at the center of the 1900 New Orleans race riot were briefly interred there, then dug up, and incinerated. Later, in 1973, four victims of the UpStairs Lounge arson attack, Ferris LeBlanc and three unidentified males, were buried in a mass grave at the cemetery.
Over the years, Holt Cemetery has been a destination of ghost hunters, with frequent incidents of grave-robbing and reports of Voodoo and Santería rituals. In one notable case, a neopagan witch named Ender Darling took bones from Holt Cemetery for use in magic, posting an offer on a Facebook group for neopagan witches to sell the bones for the cost of shipping. The post quickly attracted controversy on Facebook and Tumblr, leading to Darling's investigation and arrest, the collapse of the Facebook group the offer was posted on, and a new state law strengthening penalties for trafficking in human remains.
The city of New Orleans conducted $450,000 in repairs and upgrades to Holt Cemetery in 2013 and 2014. However, the graves and tombs themselves remain in a state of significant neglect, with human remains being evident. New burials continue at Holt Cemetery, and the graves show evidence for frequent visits and various cultural materials.
# Paranjothi

Paranjothi (Tamil: பரஞ்சோதி), popularly known as Sirruthondar was an army general of the great Pallava king Narasimavarman I who ruled South India from 630–668 CE. He also led the Pallava army during the invasion of Vatapi in 642 CE. In the later years of his life, Paranjothi gave up violence and became a wandering Saivite monk, Sirruthonda nayanar. He is venerated as one of the 63 Nayanmars.

## Early life

Paranjothi, was born in a Tamil warrior clan (Title: Mamaathirar) maruthuvar, who served as soldiers in chola army, in Chengattankudi (now Thiruchenkkatukudi) village of Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu during the 7th century AD. Tamil Nadu was ruled by Mahendravarman I of the Pallava dynasty with Kanchipuram as its capital. Paranjothi, who had mastered the art of war moves to Kanchipuram to learn literature and saivite scriptures, Kanchipuram was then a renowned knowledge capital in India.

## Conquest of Vatapi

King Mahendravarman I, impressed by the courage and valour of Paranjothi appointed him as a commander in his army. After the death of Mahendravarman in 630 CE, his son Narasimavarman became the ruler of the Pallava dynasty and Paranjothi became his army general. Paranjothi was also a close friend of king Narasimavarman. Paranjothi as a trusted general of Narasimavarman, led his forces to Vatapi in 642 CE for war against the Chalukya king, Pulakeshin. Pulakeshin was killed in the battle and Vatapi was burnt to the ground to avenge the defeat of Mahendravarman by Pulakeshin in the battle of Pullalur in 618 CE.

## Vatapi Ganapathi

During the dawn of war, Paranjothi worshipped a Ganesha sculpture on the walls of Vatapi fort. On the return from the victorious battlefield, he took the statue of Ganesha to his birthplace Tiruchenkattankudi to be worshipped as Vatapi Ganapathi. The statue and shrine to Vathapi Ganapathi is located in a temple in Tiruchenkattankudi in Nagapattinam district in the Tamil Nadu state of India.

## Sirutthondar

On the victorious battle field Paranjothi underwent a change of heart and devoted himself to Lord Shiva. Paranjothi became an ardent devotee of Lord Siva and was then called as Sirutthondar. He later became one of 63 Nayanmar Saints. Sirutthondar's life and devotion are narrated in Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam.

## In popular culture

Paranjothi is one of the prominent characters in Tamil historical fiction novel Sivagamiyin Sapatham by Kalki Krishnamurthy. This talks about the young years of Pranjothi where he raises in the ranks of the Pallava army and becomes the army general, his deeds in securing the Kachi fort from the imminent Vatapi invasion, his war on Vatapi Pulikesi and his eventual win over the Chalukyas.
# Macaria

Macaria or Makaria (Ancient Greek: Μακαρία, romanized: Makaría, lit. 'blessed one, blessedness') is the name of two figures from ancient Greek religion and mythology:
* Macaria, daughter of Heracles and Deianira who willingly accepted to be sacrificed in order to save her people.
* Macaria, daughter of Hades, king of the Underworld.
# Geraldine McNulty

Geraldine McNulty is an English stage and television actress.
She has played the character of Mrs Raven in My Hero, and had guest appearances in Neverwhere, Gimme Gimme Gimme, The Vicar of Dibley, The Smoking Room and The Catherine Tate Show. Radio work includes guesting on Parsons and Naylor's Pull-Out Sections and The Party Line.
She also appeared in French & Saunders' Titanic in 1998 as an extra. She also appeared in Summerhill as Zoe Readhead.
On stage she has starred in the musical "Betty", in London's West End.
A Guardian article (by Simon Fanshawe, 13 February 2003) once featured the comment, “Dawn French is off to deliver a birthday present to her best friend, the actress Geraldine McNulty”. The photographs in French's book "Dear Fatty" are also of McNulty: "BF" in that book would appear to refer to her.

## Television appearances

| Show | Character | Year |
| The Vicar of Dibley | Bigamy Lady | 1998 |
| My Hero | Mrs Raven | 2000–2006 |
| Brum | Mrs Posh | 2001 |
| Miranda | School Careers Advisor | 2009 |
# Alexandru Busuioceanu

Alexandru Busuioceanu (Romanian pronunciation:; January 1896 in Slatina – March 13, 1961, Madrid) was a Romanian essayist, poet, historian and diplomat.
As a historian, Busuioceanu wrote studies about Zamolxis, the god of the ancient Dacians. He also wrote art books on the paintings in the collection of the Romanian Royal Family and on the watercolour paintings of Amedeo Preziosi.
He died in Madrid under mysterious circumstances.

## Works

* Une miniature inédite du XIIIe siècle reproduisant une oeuvre de Pietro Cavallini, 1928
* Iser, 1930
* Daniele da Volterra e la storia di un motivo pittorico, 1932.
* Intorno a Franco-Bolognese. 1934
* Les Tableaux au Greco dans la collection royale de Roumanie 1934
* Preziosi, 1935
* Domenico Theotocopuli El Greco. Exposition organisée par la Gazette des Beaux-Arts. - 1937
* Poemas pateticos, 1948
* La Peinture espagnole: 2. De Velasquez à Picasso. Texte de Jacques Lassaigne. Biographies et bibliographie - 1952
* Proporción de vivir - poemas, 1954)
* Georges Cioranescu. Un poète roumain en Espagne - 1962)
# Dzirciems

Dzirciems is a Riga neighbourhood located in the Pārdaugava side of Riga. It mainly consists of Soviet-style apartment buildings built in the 1970s. Riga Stradiņš University is located here.
56°57′28″N 24°03′46″E﻿ / ﻿56.9578°N 24.0628°E﻿ / 56.9578; 24.0628
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