OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1969 in Somalia

The following lists events that happened during 1969 in Somalia.

## Incumbents

* President:
** until 15 October: Abdirashid Ali Shermarke
** 15 October-21 October: Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein
** starting 21 October: Siad Barre
* Prime Minister: Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal (until 1 November)

## Events

* October 15 – President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards in the town of Las Anod.
* October 21 – General Siad Barre comes to power in Somalia in a coup d'état, 6 days after the assassination of President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke.

## Births

* November 13 – Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Somali-born Dutch American activist
# Mark Nemenman

Mark Nemenman (Russian: Марк Ефимович Неменман, Belarusian: Марк Яўхімавіч Неменман) (6 November 1936 – 20 September 2022 ) was a Soviet computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in systems programming and programming language research. He was one of the main developers of the AKI language (in Russian АКИ - АвтоКод ИНЖЕНЕР - Engineer's Autocode) in 1964, before BASIC became known. He led the development of system software for Minsk-32, the most popular of Minsk family of computers.
He was awarded Lenin Komsomol Prize in 1970, received his Ph.D. in 1975 (scientific advisor - Andrey Ershov), Professor since 1984.
Nemenman authored more than 70 papers and 5 books. He is the father of two sons, one of whom is theoretical physicist Ilya Nemenman.

## Books

* Nemenman, Tsagelsky, Matyushevskaya Autocode for engineering problems solving on Minsk 2 Minsk, 1965
* Nemenman Programming in AKI Minsk, 1972
* Kushnerev, Nemenman, Tsagelsky Programming for Computer Minsk-32 Moscow, 1973
* Belokurskaya, Kushnerev, Nemenman Minsk 32 Dispatcher Moscow, 1973
* Lopato, Nemenman, Pykhtin, Tikmenov Personal-professional Computers Moscow, 1988
* Belokurskaya, Emelyanchik, Nemenman Personal Computers ES. Abacus Package Moscow, 19
# NGC 6624

NGC 6624 is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered on 24 June 1784 by the astronomer William Herschel. It is given an apparent magnitude of 7.6 to 8.5. Six pulsars are known in NGC 6624. The first of these to be discovered was PSR J1823-3021A. This globular cluster also contains 4U 1820-30, a low-mass X-ray binary with an orbital period of only 11.5 minutes, consisting of a neutron star and a white dwarf. Astronomers using the NICER instrument have found evidence that the neutron star is spinning at 716 Hz (times per second), or 42,960 revolutions per minute, the same velocity as the fastest known spinning neutron star PSR J1748−2446ad and the only one in such a system.
NGC 6624 is visible as a hazy spot with a small telescope, and appears as a star-like object with binoculars. Its core appears significantly condensed. It is located 0.8 degrees southeast of the star Delta Sagittarii, and is about 1.17 kpc (3.8 kly) from the Galactic Center.
# Benoit Schillings

Benoit Schillings is a Belgian software engineer, he is the Vice President of AI at Google Inc, previously he was the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at Google[x] leading the early projects at X. He is known for being one of the lead developers of the Be Operating System (BeOS) and is a noted amateur astronomer.
Schillings' association with Be Inc. began in 1990 when, as a developer of software for the Apple Macintosh, he visited the Apple Expo in Paris and met Jean-Louis Gassée. Gassée, who had just left Apple Computer to found Be, asked Schillings to become the second engineer at Be where he would work on the operating system for a new computer called the BeBox. Schillings accepted the offer and, starting in March 1991, developed a file system (now known as the Old Be File System or OFS) and an associated user-space database application (called Zookeeper) that indexed the metadata in the file system. The file system was fast and efficient, but was later replaced by Dominic Giampaolo's Be File System.
Schillings also developed the graphics system for BeOS (known as the App Server), as well as programming frameworks such as the Interface Kit and Application Kit that are used by software developers to write software for the operating system.
Before joining Trolltech in October 2005, Schillings worked as a "Distinguished Engineer" and CTO at Openwave where, with Mike Reed, he led a team that developed Version 7 of the Openwave Phone Suite mobile phone applications.
Benoit also ran the android and iOS mobile teams at Yahoo from 2013 until 2017.
# Leucophyllum frutescens

Leucophyllum frutescens is an evergreen shrub in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae, native to the U.S. state of Texas, where it is the official "State Native Shrub of Texas", and to the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northern Mexico. Although commonly known as Texas sage, it is not a true sage and is distinct from the genus Salvia. The species is also called Texas Ranger, Texas rain sage, cenizo, Texas silverleaf, Texas barometerbush, ash-bush, wild lilac, purple sage, senisa, cenicilla, palo cenizo, or hierba del cenizo.

## Description

The solitary axillary flowers are bell- or funnel-shaped, with five lobes and two lips. This species is found in rocky, calcareous soils.

## Cultivation

Texas sage is a popular ornamental plant, commonly used for edge and area plantings in warmer and drier areas; it requires minimal water, is easily shaped into hedges, and blooms over the entire surface. It is available in a variety of cultivars, including 'Green Cloud', 'White Cloud', 'Compacta', 'Convent', and 'Bert-Star'.

## Ecology

Leucophyllum frutescens is a host plant for the caterpillars of the theona checkerspot (Chlosyne theona) and calleta silkmoth (Eupackardia calleta).

## Barometer bush

Texas sage is nicknamed the "barometer bush" due to a commonly held belief that it can predict the rain. According to folklore, the plant goes into bloom in anticipation of upcoming rain. It appears that the plant sometimes blooms because of humidity or low atmospheric pressure, which can occur before or after rain.
# National symbols of the United States

National symbols of the United States are the symbols used to represent the United States of America.

## List of symbols

| Symbol | Name | File |
| Flag | Flag of the United States | |
| Seal | Great Seal of the United States | (obverse) (reverse) |
| National motto | "In God We Trust" E pluribus unum | |
| National anthem | "The Star-Spangled Banner" | ‹ The template below (*sound2) is being considered for merging with *sound. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. › "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
| National march | "The Stars and Stripes Forever" | ‹ The template below (*sound2) is being considered for merging with *sound. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. › "The Stars and Stripes Forever" |
| Oath of Allegiance | Pledge of Allegiance | |
| National mammal | American bison | |
| National bird | Bald eagle | |
| National flower | Rose | |
| National tree | Oak tree (Quercus) | |
# Dewan Housing Finance Corporation

Dewan Housing Finance Corporation Ltd. (DHFL) is a deposit-taking housing finance company, headquartered in Mumbai with branches in major cities across India. DHFL was established to enable access to affordable housing finance to the lower and middle income groups in semi-urban and rural parts of India. DHFL is the second housing finance company to be established in the country. The company also leases commercial and residential premises. DHFL is among the 50 biggest financial companies in India.
DHFL's long-term bank loan programme is rated [ICRA]A(SO) and short-term is rated [ICRA]A1+ by ICRA Limited.

## History

DHFL was established and incorporated by Rajesh Kumar Wadhawan on 11 April 1984. The name of the company was changed to Dewan Housing Development Finance Ltd. and later to Dewan Housing Finance Corporation.
On 18 December 2013, DHFL acquired 74% stake DLF Pramerica Life Insurance Company Ltd. In 2010, DHFL acquired Deutsche Postbank Home Finance unit for ₹1079 crores.

## Operations

As of January 2018, DHFL has 181 branches and 146 service centres. It also has representative offices in London and Dubai.

## Subsidiaries

* DHFL Pramerica Life Insurance Company Limited
* DHFL Pramerica Asset Managers Private Limited
* Avanse Financial Services Limited
* DHFL Vysya Housing Finance Limited
* Aadhar Housing Finance Limited
# Monday at 11:01 A.M.

Monday at 11:01 A.M. is a 2016 American thriller film directed by Harvey Lowry and starring Charles Agron.
The film is a suspense thriller about Michael, who brings his girlfriend Jenny to a beautiful yet strange mountain town where everyone seems familiar. But he begins to see and hear things that no one else can. After many hallucinations and then losing sight of Jenny, Michael is brought to the brink of insanity. He finds himself frantically questioning what is real and what it isn't.

## Cast

* Charles Agron as Michael
* Lauren Shaw as Jenny
* Lance Henriksen as The Bartender
* Briana Evigan as Olivia
# Tania Ortiz

Tania Ortiz Calvo (born 30 October 1965), also known as Tania Ortiz, is a former volleyball player who played for the Cuban women's national volleyball team and won a gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. She was a setter.

## World Championships

Ortiz also helped the Cuban national team win the silver medal at the 1986 FIVB World Championship in Czechoslovakia and the gold medal at the 1994 FIVB World Championship in Brazil, where they did not lose a set in the entire tournament.

## World Cups

Ortiz won a silver medal at the 1985 FIVB World Cup in Japan, and gold medals at the 1989 and 1991 FIVB World Cups in Japan.
# WYRV

WYRV is a Variety-formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Cedar Bluff, Virginia, serving Southwestern Virginia. WYRV is owned and operated by Faith Communications, Inc.
# Indrek Kajupank

Indrek Kajupank (born 15 May 1988) is an Estonian professional basketball player for BC Tallinna Kalev of the Latvian-Estonian Basketball League. He is a 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in) tall small forward and power forward. He also represents the Estonian national basketball team internationally.

## Awards and accomplishments
### Professional career
#### Kalev

* 3× Estonian League champion:2009, 2013, 2014

### Individual

* 2xAll-KML Team: 2016–2017
# Westboro Airport

Westboro Airport was an airfield operational in the mid-20th century in Westborough, Massachusetts.
# 1,3-Butanediol

1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH$_3$CH(OH)CH$_2$CH$_2$OH, not to be confused with 1,4 Butanediol. With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol. The compound without the R (or D) designation is racemic, which is what has been used in most studies before 2023. The compound is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid. It is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol. It is used in grape flavoring, and as a precursor to some antibiotics.

## Production and uses

Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol:
    CH$_3$CH(OH)CH$_2$CHO + H$_2$ → CH$_3$CH(OH)CH$_2$CH$_2$OH
Dehydration of 1,3-butanediol gives 1,3-butadiene:
    CH$_3$CH(OH)CH$_2$CH$_2$OH → CH$_2$=CH-CH=CH$_2$ + 2 H$_2$O

## Pharmacology

1,3-Butanediol has sedative, hypotensive and hypoglycaemic action comparable to ethanol, with the (R), also known as (D), enantiomer being more active. Fatty acid esters of 1,3-butanediol such as the acetoacetate, lactate or hexanoate have been researched for inducing ketogenesis.

## Occurrence

1,3-Butanediol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers. 1,3 Butanediol, | quote = Also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.
# WRYP

WRYP (90.1 FM, "Renew FM") is a radio station licensed to Wellfleet, Massachusetts, United States, that serves the Cape Cod market and broadcasts a Christian format. The station is an affiliate of RenewFM and is licensed to Horizon Christian Fellowship.
The station was assigned the WRYP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on May 9, 2006.
# 1960 in Somalia

The following lists events that happened during 1960 in Somalia.

## Incumbents

* President: Aden Abdullah Osman Daar (starting 1 July)
* Prime Minister: Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal (1 July-12 July), Abdirashid Ali Shermarke (starting 12 July)

## Events
### June

* June 26 - The State of Somaliland, led by Prime Minister Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, attained independence from the United Kingdom.

### July

* July 1 - Italian Somaliland gained its independence from Italy, five days after British Somaliland, and merged into the Somali Republic. Aden Abdullah Othman, leader of the Italian Somaliland legislature, was elected president, and Abdirashid Ali Shermake became prime minister.
# Transworld Surf

Transworld Surf (titled Transworld Surf: Next Wave on GameCube) is a sports video game developed by Angel Studios and published by Infogrames The game was released for GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox between November 2001 and March 2003. The Xbox version of the game was the third game released under Infogrames' newly-revamped Atari label.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | GC | PS2 | Xbox |
| Metacritic | 68/100 | 76/100 | 76/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score | Score |
| Publication | GC | PS2 | Xbox |
| Edge | N/A | N/A | 3/10 |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | N/A | N/A | 6.5/10 |
| Game Informer | 5.5/10 | N/A | 5.5/10 |
| GamePro | N/A | | |
| GameRevolution | N/A | N/A | B |
| GameSpot | 7.1/10 | 7.4/10 | 8/10 |
| GameSpy | | 70% | 81% |
| GameZone | N/A | 8/10 | 7/10 |
| IGN | 7.9/10 | 7.8/10 | 8.8/10 |
| Next Generation | N/A | N/A | |
| Nintendo Power | 3.1/5 | N/A | N/A |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | N/A | | N/A |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | N/A | N/A | 8.2/10 |
| The Cincinnati Enquirer | N/A | | N/A |
The PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions received "favorable" reviews, while the GameCube version received "average" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. However, NextGen said of the Xbox version, "The water effects are cool, as is the soundtrack, but with an unforgivably steep learning curve and that intrinsic repetitiveness, only the most extreme fanatics of the stunt genre will get much joy out of this."
The same Xbox version was nominated for GameSpot's annual "Best In-Game Water" award at the Best and Worst of 2001 Awards, which went to Wave Race: Blue Storm.
# Jack Aldous

Jack Aldous (born 3 April 1991) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays for Goole Vikings in RFL League 1.

## Playing career
### Newcastle Thunder

He previously played for the York City Knights until signing for Newcastle Thunder in October 2016.

### Hunslet RLFC

On 26 December 2019 it was announced that Aldous had signed for Hunslet. He signed a new one-year deal with the club for the 2021 season, but made no further appearances for Hunslet due to work commitments.

### Goole Vikings

On 21 October 2024 it was reported that he had signed for Goole Vikings in the RFL League 1.
# Charlie (skeleton)

Charlie is the name given to a Neolithic skeleton of a three-year-old child found near the ancient stone circle of Avebury, Wiltshire, England. Charlie was excavated from Windmill Hill, Avebury in the 1920s and is currently on display at the Alexander Keiller Museum at Avebury.
There is a certain amount of controversy surrounding the display of the skeleton. The Council of British Druid Orders (CoBDO) demanded that the skeleton be reburied where it was found, or as near as is practically possible, claiming that putting a skeleton in a museum as an attraction is disrespectful. Some archeologists have opposed reburying the skeleton, claiming that it could set a precedent for the reburying of other human remains in museums. Historians have also argued that Charlie's skeleton should be kept in a museum to be available for research. English Heritage and The National Trust held a public consultation on the future of Charlie; in April 2010 the decision was made to keep the skeleton on public view.
# Muskaan Mihani

Muskaan Mihani is an Indian actress. She is known for her roles in Dill Mill Gayye and Jugni Chali Jalandhar.

## Career

Muskaan started her career in 2004 with Sahara One's TV show Raat Hone Ko Hai as Anuja. After she played the role of Mandeep / Mandy in Ye Meri Life Hai. In 2006, she played in Pyaar Ke Do Naam: Ek Raadha, Ek Shyaam as Mala, after she roped for parallel lead in Zee TV's show Mamta as Manisha. In 2007, she made her Bollywood debut with Hindi film Heyy Babyy as Isha's friend. She won the medical drama show Dill Mill Gayye, where she played the role of Dr. Sapna. She was last seen in Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein as Ritu.

## Personal life

Muskaan Mihani was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India in a Sindhi family. She has a younger sister Rishika Mihani, who is also a television actress. Muskaan married with Bandra-based businessman Tushal Sobhani on 1 September 2013. Muskaan Mihani gave birth to a girl in 2015.

## Acting career

Television :
| Year(s) | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | Raat Hone Ko Hai | Anuja | Debut serial with episodic role |
| 2005 | Detective Omkar Nath (D.O.N.) | Victim | In two episodic story "Victim of Fraud" |
| 2004–2005 | Ye Meri Life Hai | Mandy | |
| 2004–2005 | Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa (TV series) | Sanjana | |
| 2006 | Pyaar Ke Do Naam: Ek Raadha, Ek Shyaam | Mala | Supporting role |
| 2006–2007 | Mamta | Masooma | |
| 2007–2008 | Dill Mill Gayye | Dr. Sapna | |
| 2007–2008 | Dahhej | Kritika | |
| 2008–2010 | Jugni Chali Jalandhar | Dr. Jasmeet Lamba/Jugni Bhalla | lead role |
| 2010 | Aahat | RJ Rakhi | episode "Suno Ek Kahaani Maut Ki Zubaani" |
| 2010–2011 | Ring Wrong Ring | Mansi | |
| 2012 | Bhai Bhaiya Aur Brother | Jennifer | |
| 2013 | Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein | Ritu | episodic role |
| 2013 | Safar Filmy Comedy Ka | Host | |

### Films

* 2007 Heyy Babyy as Isha's friend
# United States Space Forces – Space

The United States Space Forces – Space (S4S, SPACEFOR–SPACE) is the United States Space Force component field command to the United States Space Command. It was formed by combining the Combined Force Space Component Command and Joint Task Force–Space Defense. Its commander also serves as the combined joint force space component commander (CJFSCC). It was activated on 6 December 2023.

## History

In 2021, the United States Space Command began thinking about creating a subordinate command that streamlines space operations. Initial plans were to establish a Joint Force Space Component Command by combining the Combined Force Space Component Command (CFSCC) and Joint Task Force–Space Defense (JTF-SD). On 16 November 2022, General James H. Dickinson, U.S Space Command commander, ordered the creation of the Combined Joint Task Force–Space Operations (CJTF-SO), under which CFSCC and JTF-SD reported. U.S. Army Major General Thomas L. James served as acting commander of CJTF-SO until a three-star commander was nominated and confirmed.
By 2023, no officer has been nominated as CJTF-SO commander. Meanwhile, plans shifted for the Space Force to create a new component field command to U.S. Space Command, the United States Space Forces – Space (S4S). It would be commanded with a three-star officer with the director of staff of the Space Force being downgraded to a two-star billet to make way for it. On 17 October 2023, U.S. Space Force Major General Douglas Schiess was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as the first commander of S4S. As S4S commander, he would also serve as the combined joint space component commander (CJFSCC).
Following the confirmation of Schiess's nomination, S4S was activated on 6 December 2023 by redesignating Space Operations Command West as S4S. CFSCC and JTF-SD were also inactivated. On 31 January 2024, a ceremony presided by General B. Chance Saltzman and General Stephen Whiting was held to commemorate the activation of S4S.

## Structure

| Name | Name | Space mission deltas | Space mission deltas | Space mission deltas | Space mission deltas | Space mission deltas |
| | Space Delta 5 | Combined Space Operations Center | Vandenberg Space Force Base, California |
| | Space Delta 15 | National Space Defense Center | Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado |
Generally, the missions of the two deltas can be understood as Space Delta 5 / CSOC, a multinational ("combined") body controlling activities which are going on in space, primarily satellite control; and Space Delta 15, NSDC, carrying out space warfare. Space warfare or space superiority can involve activities actually underway in space; anti-satellite missile launches (historical U.S. systems have included the Program 437 and the ASM-135 ASAT); and jamming of communications by ground-based means.

## List of commanders

| No. | Commander | Commander | Term | Term | Term | Ref |
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Term Length | Ref |
| 1 | | Lieutenant General Douglas Schiess (born 1970) | 6 December 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 40 days | |
# Margaret Leinen

Margaret Leinen (born September 20, 1946) is an American paleoceanographer and paleoclimatologist. In 2013, Leinen was appointed the 11th director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, as well as the dean of the School of Marine Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. She founded the Climate Response Fund, a non-profit focused on enabling better understanding, regulation and responsible use of climate engineering research, and served as its president for a time. For two years, Leinen also worked as chief science officer for a startup company in green technology and climate change mitigation. Leinen has also served as the U.S. Department of State science envoy for the oceans to Latin America and the Pacific.

## Education

In 1969 Leinen received her Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the University of Illinois, a master's in geological oceanography from Oregon State University in 1975, and her doctorate in oceanography in 1980 from the University of Rhode Island.

## Honors

She has been elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Geological Society of America. In 2016, she was selected as a U.S. Science Envoy by the United States State Department. In 2020, Leinen was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was named a fellow of The Oceanography Society and an Honorary Member of the AMS in 2022.

## Service

Dr. Leinen was selected to serve as co-chair of the Decade Advisory Board for UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and is a member of the Leadership Council of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative. She has served as president of the American Geophysical Union, chair of the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Science Section of the American Academy for the Advancement of Science, and president of the Oceanography Society. She serves on the boards of the California Ocean Science Trust and Science Counts. She is the vice chair of the research board of the $500 million Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative.

## Selected Publications

* "The Pelagic clay province of the North Pacific Ocean"
* Blank, M., Leinen, M. & Prospero, J. Major Asian aeolian inputs indicated by the mineralogy of aerosols and sediments in the western North Pacific. Nature 314, 84–86 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/314084a0
* Schmidt, G., Severinghaus, J., Abe-Ouchi, A. et al. Overestimate of committed warming. Nature 547, E16–E17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22803
* Doh, S., King, J., Leinen, M. A rock-magnetic study of giant piston core LL4-GPC3 from the central North Pacific and its paleoceanographic implications Paleoceanography 3 (1): 89-111
* Rea, David K., Margaret Leinen, and Thomas R. Janecek. "Geologic approach to the long-term history of atmospheric circulation." Science 227.4688 (1985): 721-725.
* Leinen, M., Prospero, J. M., Arnold, E., & Blank, M. (1994). Mineralogy of aeolian dust reaching the North Pacific Ocean: 1. Sampling and analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 99(D10), 21017-21023.