# Java Community Process

The Java Community Process (JCP), established in 1998, is a formal mechanism that enables interested parties to develop standard technical specifications for Java technology. Becoming a member of the JCP requires solid knowledge of the Java programming language, its specifications, and best practices in software development. Membership in the JCP involves a detailed review of the candidate's profile, including an assessment by current members. Typically, professionals are invited to join the JCP based on their contributions and reputation within the Java community.
Once invited, the new member undergoes an evaluation by the JCP Executive Committee, ensuring that they can effectively contribute to the Java Specification Requests (JSRs). These formal documents describe proposed specifications and technologies to be added to the Java platform. New members are encouraged to engage actively and play a crucial role in supporting the Java community and its releases. It is essential that members possess expertise and in-depth technical knowledge, combined with strong professional experience, to significantly contribute to the growth and usage of the Java language.
Membership for organizations and commercial entities requires annual fees, but it is free for individuals. JSRs undergo formal public reviews before becoming final, and the JCP Executive Committee votes on their approval. A finalized JSR provides a reference implementation, which is a free implementation of the technology in source code form, and a Technology Compatibility Kit to verify the API specification.
The JCP itself is described by a JSR. As of 2020, JSR 387 describes the current version (2.11) of the JCP.

## List of JSRs

There are hundreds of JSRs. Some of the more visible JSRs include:
| JSR # | Specification or Technology | Reference implementations | Other implementations |
| 1 | Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) 1.0 | | |
| 3 | Java Management Extensions (JMX) 1.0, 1.1, & 1.2 |
| 5 | Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.0 | | |
| 8 | OSGI Open Services Gateway Specification |
| 9 | Jiro (Federated Management Architecture Specification) 1.0 |
| 12 | Java Data Objects (JDO) 1.0 |
| 13 | Improved BigDecimal (Java Platform, Standard Edition#java.math) |
| 14 | Add Generic Types To The Java Programming Language (as of J2SE 5.0) |
| 16 | Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) 1.0 |
| 19 | Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 2.0 |
| 22 | JAIN SLEE API Specification (JSLEE) 1.0 |
| 30 | Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) 1.0 for Java ME |
| 31 | Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) 1.0 |
| 32 | JAIN SIP API Specification (JSIP) 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 for Java ME |
| 36 | Connected Device Configuration (CDC) 1.0 for Java ME |
| 37 | Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) 1.0 for Java ME |
| 40 | Java Metadata Interface (JMI) 1.0 |
| 41 | A Simple Assertion Facility (as of J2SE 1.4) |
| 47 | Logging API Specification (as of J2SE 1.4) |
| 48 | WBEM Services Specification (as of J2SE 1.4) |
| 51 | Non-blocking I/O (NIO) (as of J2SE 1.4) | Grizzly, Netty |
| 52 | JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) 1.0 and 1.1 |
| 53 | Java Servlet 2.3 and JavaServer Pages (JSP) 1.2 Specifications |
| 54 | Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 3.0 |
| 56 | Java Network Launching Protocol and API (JNLP) 1.0, 1.5 and 6.0 (Java Web Start) |
| 58 | Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) 1.3 |
| 59 | Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) 1.4 (Merlin) |
| 63 | Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.1 and 1.2 |
| 68 | Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) 1.0 |
| 73 | Java Data Mining API (JDM) 1.0 |
| 75 | PDA Optional Packages for the J2ME Platform | |
| 77 | J2EE Management |
| 80 | Java USB API |
| 82 | Java APIs for Bluetooth |
| 88 | Java EE Application Deployment |
| 91 | OSS Trouble Ticket API |
| 93 | Java API for XML Registries (JAXR) 1.0 |
| 94 | Java Rules Engine API |
| 102 | Java Document Object Model (JDOM) 1.0 |
| 110 | Java APIs for WSDL (WSDL4J) 1.0 |
| 112 | Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) 1.5 |
| 113 | Java Speech API 2 (JSAPI2) |
| 114 | Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Rowset Implementations |
| 116 | SIP Servlet API 1.0 |
| 118 | Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) 2.0 for Java ME |
| 120 | Wireless Messaging API (WMA) |
| 121 | Application Isolation API |
| 127 | JavaServer Faces (JSF) 1.0 and 1.1 |
| 133 | Java Memory Model and Thread Specification Revision |
| 135 | Java Mobile Media API (MMAPI) for Java ME |
| 139 | Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) 1.1 for Java ME |
| 140 | Service Location Protocol (SLP) API for Java |
| 141 | Session Description Protocol (SDP) API for Java |
| 151 | Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) 1.4 |
| 152 | JavaServer Pages (JSP) 2.0 |
| 153 | Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 2.1 |
| 154 | Java Servlet 2.4 and 2.5 Specifications |
| 160 | Java Management Extensions (JMX) Remote API 1.0 |
| 163 | Java Platform Profiling Architecture (JPPA), which includes (among other specifications) the specification of Java Virtual Machine Tools Interface |
| 166 | Concurrency Utilities (as of J2SE 5.0 java.util.concurrent, java.util.concurrent.atomic and java.util.concurrent.locks) |
| 168 | Portlet specification 1.0 |
| 170 | Content repository API for Java (JCR) 1.0 |
| 172 | Web Services Specification for Java ME |
| 173 | StAX (Streaming API for XML) |
| 175 | A Metadata Facility for the Java Programming Language |
| 176 | Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) 5.0 (Tiger) |
| 177 | Security and Trust Services API for J2ME (SATSA) |
| 179 | Location API 1.0 for Java ME |
| 180 | Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) API for Java ME |
| 181 | Web Services Metadata for the Java Platform |
| 184 | Mobile 3D Graphics API for Java ME 1.0 and 1.1 |
| 185 | Java Technology for the Wireless Industry (JTWI) |
| 187 | Instant messaging (Java ME and Java SE) |
| 198 | A Standard Extension API for Integrated Development Environments |
| 199 | Java Compiler API |
| 200 | Pack200 Network Transfer Format for Java Archives |
| 201 | Extending the Java Programming Language with Enumerations, Autoboxing, Enhanced for loops and Static Import (as of J2SE 5.0) |
| 202 | Java Class File Specification Update |
| 203 | More Non-blocking I/O (Java) (NIO2) |
| 204 | Unicode Supplementary Character Support (as of J2SE 5.0 adds support for Unicode 3.1) |
| 205 | Wireless Messaging API 2.0 (WMA) 2.0 |
| 206 | Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) 1.3 |
| 208 | Java Business Integration (JBI) 1.0 |
| 211 | Content Handler API |
| 215 | Java Community Process (JCP) 2.6 |
| 218 | Connected Device Configuration (CDC) 1.1 for Java ME |
| 219 | Foundation Profile 1.1 |
| 220 | Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.0 |
| 221 | Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 4.0 |
| 222 | Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) 2.0 |
| 223 | Scripting for the Java Platform for Java SE 6 |
| 224 | Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS), successor of JAX-RPC |
| 225 | XQuery API for Java (XQJ) |
| 226 | Scalable 2D Vector Graphics API for Java ME |
| 229 | Payment API (PAPI) |
| 231 | Java Bindings for OpenGL |
| 234 | Advanced Multimedia Supplements API for Java ME |
| 235 | Service Data Objects (SDO) |
| 239 | Java Bindings for OpenGL ES |
| 240 | JAIN SLEE API Specification (JSLEE) 1.1 |
| 241 | The Groovy Programming Language |
| 243 | Java Data Objects (JDO) 2.0 |
| 244 | Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) 5 |
| 245 | JavaServer Pages (JSP) 2.1 |
| 247 | Java Data Mining API (JDM) 2.0 |
| 248 | Mobile Service Architecture |
| 249 | Mobile Service Architecture 2 |
| 250 | Common Annotations for the Java Platform (for the Metadata facility for Java) |
| 252 | JavaServer Faces (JSF) 1.2 |
| 253 | Mobile Telephony API (MTA) |
| 255 | Java Management Extensions (JMX) 2.0 |
| 256 | Mobile Sensor API |
| 257 | Contactless Communication API (NFC) |
| 260 | Javadoc Tag Technology Update |
| 269 | Pluggable Annotations Processing API (for the Metadata facility for Java) |
| 270 | Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) 6 (Mustang) |
| 271 | Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) 3.0 for Java ME |
| 274 | The BeanShell Scripting Language |
| 275 | Units specification (see Units of Measurement) |
| 276 | Design-time Metadata for JavaServer Faces Components |
| 277 | Java Module System |
| 280 | XML API for Java ME |
| 281 | IMS Services API (See IMS) |
| 282 | Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) 1.1 |
| 283 | Content repository API for Java (JCR) 2.0 |
| 286 | Portlet Specification 2.0 |
| 289 | SIP Servlet API 1.1 |
| 290 | Java Language & XML User Interface Markup Integration (XML-UI) |
| 291 | Dynamic Component Support for Java SE (see OSGi) |
| 292 | Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the JavaTM Platform |
| 293 | Location API 2.0 for Java ME |
| 294 | Improved Modularity Support in the Java Programming Language |
| 296 | Swing Application Framework (Java SE 7) |
| 299 | Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE platform (CDI) | Weld | OpenWebBeans |
| 301 | JSF Portlet Bridge |
| 303 | Bean Validation | Hibernate Validator |
| 307 | Network Mobility and Mobile Data API (not official as of July, 20th, 2007 but official release is planned for 2. Q. 2008 |
| 308 | Annotations on Java Types (Java SE 8) |
| 311 | JAX-RS: The Java API for RESTful Web Services (1.0 and 1.1) |
| 314 | JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.0 | Mojarra JavaServer Faces | Apache MyFaces |
| 316 | Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) 6 |
| 317 | Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.0 | EclipseLink | Hibernate, openJPA |
| 322 | Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) 1.6 |
| 325 | IMS Communication Enablers (ICE) (See IMS) |
| 330 | Dependency Injection for Java |
| 336 | Java SE 7 Release Contents | [OpenJDK 7] | ? |
| 337 | Java SE 8 Release Contents | [OpenJDK 8] | ? |
| 338 | Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.1 | EclipseLink | Hibernate, openJPA |
| 339 | JAX-RS 2.0: The Java API for RESTful Web Services |
| 343 | Java Message Service 2.0 (JMS) |
| 352 | Java Batch | IBM Java Batch | JBeret, Spring Batch |
| 354 | Java Money & Currency API |
| 356 | Java API for WebSocket |
| 365 | Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java 2.0 | Weld | |
| 367 | Java API for JSON Binding (JSON-B) | Eclipse Yasson | Jackson |
| 370 | Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) 2.1 | Project Jersey |
| 374 | Java API for JSON Processing 1.1 | Eclipse JSON-P Archived 2019-05-31 at the Wayback Machine | Jackson |
| 376 | Java Platform Module System (supersedes 277 |
| 380 | Bean Validation 2.0 | Hibernate Validator |
| 901 | The Java Language Specification, Third Edition (JLS) (as of J2SE 5.0 incorporates changes from JSRs 14, 41, 133, 175, 201, and 204) |
| 907 | Java Transaction API (JTA) 1.0 and 1.1 |
| 912 | Java 3D API 1.3 |
| 913 | Java Community Process (JCP) 2.0, 2.1 & 2.5. |
| 914 | Java Message Service (JMS) API 1.0 and 1.1 |
| 924 | Java Virtual Machine Specification, Second Edition (JVM) (as of J2SE 5.0). | OpenJDK |
| 926 | Java 3D API 1.5 | | |

## Criticism

The JCP's executive board has been characterized as a "rubber stamp organization" since Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems (the original developer of the Java language).
The Apache Software Foundation resigned its seat on the board in December 2010 because Oracle was unwilling to license the Technology Compatibility Kit for Apache's version of Java.

## JCP Program and Industry Awards

Source:
2012 — 10th Annual JCP Award Winners :
| Award | Nominee | Contributions | Details | JSR # | Win? |
| JCP Member/Participant of the Year | London Java Community and SouJava | "Adopt a JSR!" program | Supporting Java developers through the JCP. | | Win! |
| JCP Member/Participant of the Year | Stephen Colebourne | Date and time API for Java. | Comprehensive and advanced. Tireless work. | 310 | |
| JCP Member/Participant of the Year | Markus Eisele | Active work among the German Java community and in the JSR 342 Expert Group. | | 342 | |
| JCP Member/Participant of the Year | JUG Chennai | Becoming the most active JCP organization in India and a competitive service organization in the commercial marketplace. | | | |
| JCP Member/Participant of the Year | Werner Keil | Incredible energy and participation in seven JSRs as well as the Executive Committee. | | | |
| JCP Member/Participant of the Year | Antoine Sabot-Durand | JSR Early Draft Release – accomplished quickly and efficiently; Agorava Project candidate for JBoss Enterprise Framework (the successor to the Seam family of Open Source projects and CDI use cases for Java EE7). | | | |
| Outstanding Spec Lead | Victor Grazi, Credit Suisse | Java Money & Currency API | Dedicated, focused expertise in solving issues representing money and currencies. | 354 | Win! |
| Outstanding Spec Lead | Michael Ernst | Annotations on Java Types | Level-headed approach; a great example of a well-run JSR. | 308 |
| Outstanding Spec Lead | Nigel Deakin, Oracle | Java Message Service 2.0 | Outstanding, thorough, and intelligent work keeping the JMS 2 EG open and moving forward at a great pace. | 343 | |
| Outstanding Spec Lead | Pete Muir, Red Hat | Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE 1.1 | Voluntarily upgrading to 2.8 in late 2011 and maintaining what were already transparent methods in running his Expert Group. | 346 | |
| Most Significant JSR | Jitendra Kotamraju | API for JSON Processing | An important step in bringing Java into the world of the modern web. | 353 | |
| Most Significant JSR | Victor Grazi, Credit Suisse | Money and Currency API | New ways of handling monetary amounts and currency computations. Fixing critical Java Number Format and Representation bugs beyond monetary values. | 354 | |
| Most Significant JSR | Mitch Upton | Java State Management | The potential to improve how Application Servers and Distributed Services are going to look in the near future as well as simplifying deployment in PaaS and Cloud environments. | 350 | |
| Most Significant JSR | Nigel Deakin | Java Message Service 2 | Modernize JMS at a rapid pace. | 343 | |
| Most Significant JSR | Patrick Curran | JCP.Next | Setting the direction and procedures for the next-generation JCP. | 348 355 358 | Win! |