OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maduvu

The Maduvu, also known as a maru or madu, is a weapon from India. It is one of the many weapons used in the Tamil martial art Silambam.
More commonly known as a madu, it is also referred to as a maan kombu after the deer horns from which it is traditionally made, specifically those of the Indian blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra). A madu is treated like a double-bladed dagger. It typically consists of two blackbuck horns pointing in opposite directions connected by two crossbars which also act as a handle. Silambam experts use this weapon to confront opponents in various ways, both defensive and offensive.
Later variations were often tipped with steel and sometimes fitted with a plate of leather or steel to act as a shield. In Punjab, a madu is typically constructed entirely of steel. A similar weapon, consisting of a handle mounted on an antelope horn, was used as a crutch, and served as a self-defense implement for the jogi, who were forbidden by their order to carry conventional weaponry.

## Technique

Fighters use this weapon in close combat when their opponent is attacking with a long bladed knife, sword, sedikuchi (long staff) or muchchaan (short staff). The madu is a primarily defensive weapon, favoring a low stance in which the wielder strives to stay lower than their opponent. This helps protect the body's vital points. Various stances are based on animal movements, such as the frog, snake, mouse, tiger, elephant, and eagle forms.
Performance in front of an audience typically begins with simultaneous attacks by the fighters to demonstrate defensive skills, agility, and bravery. The fight end when one participant locks or disarms their opponent with a final move which prevents the opponent from evading. Accuracy, timing, and defensive abilities are key considerations when judging a fighter's skills.
# Wrexham Rural District

Wrexham was a rural district in the administrative county of Denbighshire from 1894 and 1974.
The rural district took over the existing Wrexham Rural Sanitary District. It consisted of the following civil parishes:
* Abenbury
* Acton†
* Allington
* Bersham
* Bieston
* Borras Hwfa†
* Borras Riffri†
* Broughton
* Brymbo
* Burton
* Cefn: created 1895, from part of Ruabon
* Dutton Cacca
* Dutton Diffeith
* Dutton y Brain
* Erbistock
* Erddig
* Erlas
* Esclusham Above
* Esclusham Below
* Eyton†
* Gourton†
* Gresford
* Gwersyllt
* Holt
* Llay
* Marchwiel
* Minera
* Pen y Cae: created 1895 from part of Ruabon
* Pickhill†
* Ruabon
* Rhosllannerchrugog: created 1895 from part of Ruabon
* Ridley
* Royton†
* Sesswick†
* Stansty†
* Sutton
The parishes marked † were abolished by a County Review Order in 1935, and their areas redistributed to other parishes in the rural district and to the borough of Wrexham. At the same time the district was enlarged by the addition of two parishes from the abolished Llangollen Rural District: Llangollen Rural and Llantysilio.
The rural district was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974. Most of the area passed to Wrexham Maelor, with Llangollen Rural and Llantysilio parishes passing to Glyndŵr, both districts in the new county of Clwyd.
# Otway Herbert

Lieutenant General Sir Edwin Otway Herbert, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar (19 November 1901 – 4 April 1984) was a senior British Army officer who served during the Second World War and achieved high command in the 1950s.

## Military career

Herbert attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the British Army's Royal Artillery on 22 December 1921. He served in Egypt between 1928 and 1935. Returning to the United Kingdom, he became brigade major for the 27th (Home Counties) Anti-Aircraft Group in 1935.
Herbert served in the Second World War, initially as deputy assistant adjutant-general for 27 Anti-Aircraft Group, then deployed to France and Belgium with the British Expeditionary Force. On 1 March 1942 he took over as Commanding Officer of the 6th Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry with the task of converting it into the 181st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery. In August 1942 he joined the 132nd (Welsh) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, which formed part of the 78th "Battleaxe" Infantry Division and commanded it in the Tunisian campaign. In 1943 he joined the 21st Army Group in England and later in Northwest Europe.
After the war Herbert became Commander Royal Artillery for 5th Division, moving on to be Commandant of the British Sector in Berlin in 1947. He became Director Territorial Army and Cadets at the War Office in 1949 and General Officer Commanding 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division in 1952. He was General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) West Africa Command from 1953, earning the distinction of being the last soldier to hold this command. He was GOC-in-C Western Command from 1957 and retired from the British Army in 1960. He was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery from 1956 to 1966.
Herbert lived at Brynsiencyn in Anglesey.

## Family

In 1925 Herbert married Muriel Irlam Barlow and together they went on to have a daughter.
# Ivan Kovbasnyuk

Ivan Kovbasnyuk (born 18 May 1993) is a Ukrainian alpine skier. He represented Ukraine at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

## Skiing career

Kovbasnyuk began skiing at the age of three. His mother, who worked as an alpine skiing coach, introduced him to the sport.
As of January 2022, his best performance at the World Championships was 30th in slalom at the 2021 Championships.
He participated three times at World Cup: twice (2015, 2017) in giant slalom in Sölden, Austria, and once (2018) in super-G in Val Gardena, Italy, where he finished 61st. His best World Cup result was 58th in giant slalom in Sölden, Austria, on 25 October 2015.
In 2022, Kovbasnyuk was nominated for his second Winter Games in Beijing.
He participated at the 2013 and 2017 Winter Universiade. His best finish was 34th in downhill in 2013.

## Personal life

After the 2023 World Cup, Kovbasnyuk had to join the military service against the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Results
### Winter Olympics results

| Year |
| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant Slalom | Super G | Downhill | Combined | Team Event |
| 2018 | 24 | DNF1 | 57 | DNF | 49 | DNF2 | — |
| 2022 | 28 | DNF1 | — | 32 | 33 | 14 | — |

### World Championships results

| Year |
| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant Slalom | Super G | Downhill | Combined | Team Event |
| 2013 | 19 | DNF1 | 73 | 65 | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 21 | 37 | 55 | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 23 | 47 | DNF1 | 48 | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 25 | DNF1 | 52 | 48 | 54 | DNF2 | — |
| 2021 | 27 | 30 | 60 | DNF | — | DNF2 | — |

### World Cup
#### Results per discipline

| Discipline | WC starts | WC Podium | WC Top 5 | WC Top 15 | WC Top 30 | Best result | Best result | Best result |
| Discipline | WC starts | WC Podium | WC Top 5 | WC Top 15 | WC Top 30 | Date | Location | Place |
| Slalom | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
| Giant slalom | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 October 2015 | Sölden, Austria | 58th |
| Super-G | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 December 2018 | Val Gardena, Italy | 61st |
| Downhill | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
| Combined | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
| Total | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
* Standings through 27 January 2022.

### European Cup
#### Results per discipline

| Discipline | EC starts | EC Podium | EC Top 5 | EC Top 15 | EC Top 30 | Best result | Best result | Best result |
| Discipline | EC starts | EC Podium | EC Top 5 | EC Top 15 | EC Top 30 | Date | Location | Place |
| Slalom | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
| Giant slalom | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
| Super-G | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 December 2015 | Sölden, Austria | 72nd |
| Downhill | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 January 2022 | Tarvisio, Italy | 59th |
| Combined | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 December 2015 | Sölden, Austria | 60th |
| Total | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | |
* Standings through 27 January 2022.

## Personal life

He graduated from Precarpathian National University in Ivano-Frankivsk.
# Almāle

Almāle is a village in Alsunga Parish, Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia.
# Lynn S. Paine

Lynn S. Paine is currently a Baker Foundation Professor and John G. McLean Professor of Business Administration, Emerita, at Harvard Business School. Her research interests are company ethical and financial leadership and corporate governance, focusing on how companies can maintain high ethical standards while achieving outstanding financial results.
Paine's latest book is Capitalism at Risk, Updated and Expanded: How Business Can Lead (HBR Press, 2020), with HBS colleagues Joe Bower and Dutch Leonard. Her text and casebook Cases in Leadership, Ethics, and Organizational Integrity: A Strategic Perspective came out in 1996. Library Journal named her book Value Shift: Why Companies Must Merge Social and Financial Imperatives to Achieve Superior Performance (McGraw Hill, 2003) one of that year’s best business books. Her recent publications also include "Covid-19 Is Rewriting the Rules of Corporate Governance," "A Guide to the Big Ideas and Debates in Corporate Governance," "CEOs Say Their Aim Is Inclusive Prosperity. Do They Mean It?," “The Error at the Heart of Corporate Leadership,” and “Sustainability in the Boardroom" — all published in the Harvard Business Review. She has written more than 200 cases taught at HBS and other business schools.
Former chair of the General Management unit at HBS, Paine has served as Senior Associate Dean for International Development, Senior Associate Dean for Faculty Development, and chair of the School’s required course on Leadership and Corporate Accountability, which she co-founded. She currently teaches Corporate Governance and Boards of Directors in the MBA program and co-chairs the School’s executive programs on corporate governance, including Making Corporate Boards More Effective, Women on Boards, Preparing to Be a Corporate Director, Accelerating Board Diversity, and the Advanced Corporate Director Seminar.
# Suntub

Suntub is the second studio album by Danish musician ML Buch, released on 27 October 2023 through 15 Love. Buch self-produced and played all instruments on the album aside from several drum recordings, working on it over the span of five years. It received acclaim from critics, appearing on several lists of the best albums of 2023.

## Background and recording

Buch spent five years making Suntub, which she explained was "the time it needed"; for three of those years she lived in the "countryside by the ocean", explaining that she "need[ed] to be on [her] own to make this music". Buch played all instruments, and produced and mixed the record herself, aside from several drum recordings played by her friend Tanya. Buch recorded her vocals in her car and reamped her guitar through her car's stereo as well as "in Kalundborg swimming pool, sauna, [and] changing room".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork | 8.0/10 |
Suntub was released to critical acclaim. Philip Sherburne of Pitchfork stated that Suntub "focuses on more abstract and corporeal themes" than Buch's debut album Skinned (2020), and replaces that album's "overtly electronic elements" with "sparkling guitars, frictionless rock drumming, and vocal melodies rendered with airbrushed clarity". Sherburne concluded that "Outwardly, Suntub is so glossy that it suggests a kind of normcore, a pastiche of gentle alt-rock. Below the surface, however, Buch's strange curves and fleshless hands point in a far more cryptic direction." Pitchfork would go on to name the album the thirteenth best of the 2020s so far. Exclaim! named the tracks "Well Bucket" and "Working It Out" staff picks upon their release ahead of the album in September.
Exclaim! ranked the album the ninth best album of 2023, with the publication's Kaelen Bell describing it as "pastoral art rock imbued with heaving, sticky humanity, a place where past and present collide constantly to create entirely new forms" as well as having a "MIDI-warped landscape, an alien environment sketched in silvery riffs and dewy electronics". Gorilla vs. Bear ranked it the second best album of 2023, calling it "the most soothing and unsettlingly beautiful record of the year" that "envelops the listener in an otherworldly cocoon by tapping into some uncanny, unshakeable deja-vu" and "feels very real, like a gleaming, half-remembered soft-rock mirage you keep hearing in your warmest, fuzziest dreams".

## Personnel

* ML Buch – vocals, all instruments, producer, mixing
* Tanya – several drum recordings
* Amir Shoat – mastering

## Charts

Chart performance for Suntub :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 14 |
# Faroese goose

The Faroese goose (Faroese: føroyska gásin) is probably the oldest form of tame goose in Europe and possibly the direct descendants of the tame geese that the Landnám folk brought from Scandinavia and the British Isles.
Since the Faroe Islands have no native predators that are capable of killing the geese, a special "goose culture" has developed in the Faroe Islands, which has no equivalent in neighboring countries. From May to October one can see flocks of geese walking freely in the outfields, where they feed on the short summer grass without any supplementary feeding.
In winter the geese move freely in the cultivated infields of the villages, which in some cases is of such good quality that earlier the geese did not need complementary feed in the winter. In most places, however, caretakers provide supplementary food just before and during egg laying and when snow is on the ground. The properties of today's Faroese geese result from natural selection over centuries, where only the most well-adapted birds reproduced.

## Properties

In Nordisk Genbank Husdyr, the breed is described as a "not too large and not at all rough built, but otherwise it must not be refined and neat. Is very hardy and resistant to weather and disease and tolerates a harsh climate. It is hardy, very food-seeking and it has good juicy meat. Is somewhat temperamental, awake and guarding and will preferably be left alone during the breeding season." Further descriptions of the breed's phenotypic court detail: Gase 5–5,5 kg, (11-12 lbs) Goose: 4–4,5 kg, (8.8-9.9 lbs) Egg weight: 130 grams or 4.5 ounces.
Most of the Faroese geese are slaughtered in December at a weight of 4–5 kg or 9-11 pounds. After three to four weeks of fattening the chicks are slaughtered. Earlier, most got lightly salted or wind-dried for winter supplies, and the goose is a Christmas table favorite.
# When I See You (disambiguation)

"When I See You" is a song by Macy Gray.
When I See You may also refer to:
* "When I See U", a 2006 song by Fantasia
* "Blinded (When I See You)", a 2003 song by Third Eye Blind
* "When I See You", a 2010 song by Day of Fire from Losing All
* "When I See You", a 2010 song by El DeBarge from Second Chance
* "When I See You", a 1957 song by Fats Domino
* "When I See You", a 2008 song by Prodigy from H.N.I.C. Pt. 2
* "When I See You", a 1981 song by Thompson Twins from A Product Of... (Participation)
* "When I See You Remix", a 2021 song by Foolio
# Seatrain (album)

Seatrain is the second album by the band Seatrain, recorded in 1970 and adding Peter Rowan on guitar and lead vocals. The most successful song on this album is "13 Questions", which reached #49 in the Billboard charts. The album is notable for being the first record produced by George Martin after his work with The Beatles as well as marking an early appearance of the Little Feat classic "Willin'" before its appearance on that band's first album, Little Feat.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic's brief retrospective review called Seatrain "a great album of East Coast rock and country-soul".

## Track listing

* "Willin'" (Lowell George) 3:32 (listed as "I'm Willin'")
* "Song of Job" (Kulberg, Roberts) 6:04
* "Broken Morning" (Kulberg, Roberts) 3:04
* "Home to You" (Rowan) 3:22
* "Out Where the Hills" (Kulberg, Roberts) 5:48
* "Waiting for Elijah" (Rowan) 3:35
* "13 Questions" (Kulberg, Roberts) 2:58
* "Oh My Love" (Rowan) 2:50
* "Sally Goodin'" (Traditional arr. Greene) 2:09
* "Creepin' Midnight" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) 5:20
* "Orange Blossom Special" (Ervin T. Rouse arr. Greene) 5:07

## Charts

| Chart (1971) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 36 |

## Personnel

* Peter Rowan – guitar, lead vocals
* Richard Greene – violin, backing vocals, viola, keyboards
* Lloyd Baskin – keyboards, lead vocals
* Andy Kulberg – bass guitar, backing vocals, flute
* Larry Atamanuik – drums, percussion
* Jim Roberts – lyricist
# Marianów, Warsaw West County

Marianów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leszno, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa

The government of American Samoa consists of a locally elected governor, lieutenant governor and the American Samoa Fono, which consists of an 18-member Senate and a 21-member House of Representatives. The first popular election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor took place in 1977. Candidates for the offices run together on a joint ticket. The first woman to run for election was Arieta Enesi Mulitauaopele in 1977.
The current lieutenant governor is Pula Ae Ae, who has been in office since 2025.

## List of lieutenant governors of American Samoa
### Appointed lieutenant governors

* Frank Barnett (Democrat, 1974–76)

### Elected lieutenant governors

| Image | Name | Political party | Term started | Term ended | Notes |
| | Tufele Liamatua (1940–2011) | Republican | January 3, 1978 | January 3, 1985 | First elected lt. governor of American Samoa |
| | Eni Faleomavaega (1943–2017) | Democratic | January 3, 1985 | January 2, 1989 | |
| | Galea'i Peni Poumele (1926–1992) | Republican | January 2, 1989 | July 27, 1992 | Poumele died in office in July 1992. |
| | Gaioi Tufele Galeai | Republican | August 1992 | January 4, 1993 | Widow of Lt. Governor Galea'i Peni Poumele. Served the remainder of Poumele's unexpired term |
| | Tauese Sunia (1941–2003) | Democratic | January 4, 1993 | January 3, 1997 | |
| | Togiola Tulafono (b. 1947) | Democratic | January 3, 1997 | March 26, 2003 | Acting governor from March 26, 2003, to April 7, 2003, following the death of Governor Tauese Sunia. |
| Office vacant March 23 – April 11, 2003 ||||||
| | Faoa Aitofele Sunia (b. 1943) | Democratic | April 11, 2003 | January 3, 2013 | |
| | Lemanu Peleti Mauga (b. 1960) | Independent | January 3, 2013 | January 3, 2021 | |
| | Lemanu Peleti Mauga (b. 1960) | Democratic | January 3, 2013 | January 3, 2021 | |
| | Salo Ale (b. 1969) | Democratic | January 3, 2021 | January 3, 2025 | |
| | Salo Ale (b. 1969) | Democratic | January 3, 2021 | January 3, 2025 | |
| | Pulu Ae Ae Unknown | Republican | January 3, 2025 | Incumbent | |
# Zeno X

Zeno X is an art gallery founded in 1981 by Frank Demaegd and Eliane Breynaert, with a focus on mainly figurative painting within the contemporary art in Antwerp, Belgium.

## Artists

Artists represented by the gallery include:
* Michaël Borremans, painter and filmmaker
* Dirk Braeckman, photographer
* N. Dash
* Raoul De Keyser
* Stan Douglas, installation and video artist
* Marlene Dumas
* Yun-Fei Ji
* Mark Manders, installation - sculptor
* Martin Margiela
* Jockum Nordström
* Jenny Scobel, painter
* Luc Tuymans (since 1990)
* Patrick Van Caeckenbergh
* Anne-Mie Van Kerckhoven, multi-media artist
* Jack Whitten
On 2 July 2023 it was announced that the gallery will close
# Great Rites Controversy

The Great Rites Controversy (simplified Chinese: 大礼议; traditional Chinese: 大禮議; pinyin: Dàlǐyì) took place in the decade following 1524 within the government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It pitted the young and newly enthroned Jiajing Emperor against the Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe and most of the scholar-bureaucrats in his government.
The Jiajing Emperor had succeeded his first cousin, the Zhengde Emperor after the latter died childless. His uncle, the Hongzhi Emperor, had not left any other surviving children either. In order to perform the proper rituals owed him according to tradition, it was necessary that the Jiajing Emperor be posthumously adopted by his late uncle who has been dead for nearly two decades. The Jiajing Emperor was reluctant to do this partly because he feared the influence of the Hongzhi Emperor's surviving wife, Empress Dowager Zhang. In this he had the support of his biological mother, who was angered by the prospect that her son could be removed from her by adoption.
The conflict between the emperor backed by his mother and officialdom backed by the empress dowager was finally broken by memorials to the throne (namely, by newly qualified scholar-bureaucrats Zhang Cong and Gui E) arguing that rituals performed contrary to the emperor's own heart would be against human nature. Encouraged by this, gradually Emperor Jiajing fostered the idea of "ascending the clan but not the lineage" and grew more presumptuous.
The core counter-argument to Emperor Jiajing's claim, supported by a large majority of court officials, had to do with the imperial treatment of the Zhengde Emperor and his widow Empress Xia. The couple together had passed the throne to their cousin instead of an adopted child of their own, in favor of their mother-in-law. As a matter of fact, Emperor Jiajing's grandfather Emperor Chenghua had other great-grandsons and this was brought up in the discussion of royal succession with the empress dowager, prior to summoning Emperor Jiajing to Beijing in her name.
Emperor Jiajing decided to allow his own father Zhu Youyuan, the late Prince Xian of Xing, to be posthumously elevated to the status of emperor and particularly be granted seniority over Zhengde Emperor. Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe was forced into retirement; his son Yang Shen who led the counter-argument was sent to exile and nearly murdered on the way. By the end of Emperor Jiajing's one-sided settlement, enemies and dissenters at court were beaten (sometimes to death), imprisoned, or banished. According to the histories this marked the beginning of the young emperor's authoritarian rule.