OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Piers Claughton

Piers Calveley Claughton (8 June 1814 – 11 August 1884) was an Anglican colonial bishop and author.

## Early life

The son of Thomas Claughton (M.P. for Newton, Lancashire, 1818 – 25) of Haydock Lodge, he was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated, B.A. (1835) and M.A. (1838). He was elected a Fellow of University College, Oxford in 1836.

## Ordination and advancement

Following his ordination in 1838 he was made rector of Elton, Huntingdonshire (1842 – 43; 1845 – 59), before becoming the first Bishop of St Helena (1859 – 61) and a subsequent translation to the Bishop of Colombo (1862 – 71). Upon his return to England he served as Archdeacon of London and a canon of St Paul's from 1870 to 1884 and was appointed Chaplain-General of Her Majesty's Forces in 1875.

## Death

He died in Maida Vale, London. A memorial tablet was placed in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, London in 1885. A stamp was issued to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Diocese of St Helena which bore his image. his brother was Bishop of Rochester from 1867 to 1877; and then of St Albans until 1890.

## Publications

Amongst others he wrote:
* Knowledge the Reward of Obedience, 1840
* A Brief Comparison of the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England with Holy Scripture, 1843
* A Catechism in Six Parts, for the Sundays in Lent. 1847. ISBN 9781149742983.
* The Gospel Invitation, 1859
* The Jews in relation to the Church and the World, 1877
* The Manner of the Growth of Christ's Kingdom, 1877
# Virtual Control Program Interface

In computing, the Virtual Control Program Interface (VCPI) is a specification published in 1989 by Phar Lap Software that allows a DOS program to run in protected mode, granting access to many features of the processor not available in real mode. It was supplanted by DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI) shortly after being introduced, due in large part to VCPI's inability to work in Windows 3.0's protected mode.

## Overview

Developed since 1987 in cooperation with Quarterdeck Office Systems and with support by A.I. Architects, Lotus Development Corp., Quadram, Qualitas and Rational Systems, VCPI is provided by an expanded memory manager in DOS (e.g. CEMM, QEMM, later EMM386) and does allow 80386 protected-mode DOS extenders to coexist with 80386 EMS expanded memory emulators. It was eclipsed by DPMI, most notably because it was not supported for DOS programs run in Windows 3.0's native protected mode (called 386 enhanced mode) and because VCPI runs programs in Ring 0, which defeated the purpose of x86 protection. It also did not work with OS/2 2.0 and later. VCPI was only supported in Windows 3.0 real mode, some programs could run in Windows 3.x standard mode. Standard mode (286 mode) Windows 3.1 (but not 3.0) itself was VCPI compliant (it was a VCPI client). Earlier Windows/386 2.1 was not compatible with DOS extenders at all. Windows NT DOS box did not support VCPI either.
VCPI also had a comparatively limited scope in that it allowed a protected mode DOS program to run only when the program was started from DOS already running inside a virtual 8086 mode task. (This was typically accomplished through a memory manager operating as a virtual [mode] control program for the processor.) Because the virtual 8086 mode isolates programs from the hardware, it is not possible for a program to switch to protected mode without some support from the control program.

## Extended VCPI

Between 1989 and February 1990 an alternative specification was proposed under the name Extended VCPI (XVCPI) by a number of companies including Intel's Software Focus Group, Lotus, Digital Research, Interactive Systems, Viewport International and others to address some of the shortcomings of VCPI and better exploit the memory management and multitasking capabilities of the 386 processor. It was used by a small number of products including operating systems like Interactive Unix and Concurrent DOS 386. Since February 1990 these efforts ultimately succumbed to the (parallel) development and publication of the DPMI specification in May 1990, which addressed similar problems, but was compatible with the implementation of Microsoft Windows 3.0 to be released the same year. In February 1991, the Multiuser DOS Federation (MDOS), an initiative formed in July 1990, issued a statement regarding their support of DPMI.
# Rizvan Ablitarov

Rizvan Ablitarov (Ukrainian: Різван Решатович Аблітаров; born 18 April 1989) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a defender.

## Career
### Club

Ablitarov is product of the UOR Simferopol youth system.
On 15 January 2020, Ablitarov signed for FC Kaisar. In 2021, he signed for Zhetysu.

## Honours
### Sevastopol

* Ukrainian First League: 2012–13
# Ulzana (film)

Ulzana is a 1974 western film directed by Gottfried Kolditz and starring Gojko Mitic as Ulzana, Renate Blume and Rolf Hoppe. It is a Red Western, made as a co-production between East Germany, Romania and the Soviet Union.

## Synopsis

After the events of Apachen (1973), the film is set in Arizona, during the 19th century, and depicts the struggle for independence of an Indian tribe (the Mimbreno Appacheans) led by war chief Ulzana against captain Burton, a corrupt army officer who lusts after Ulzana's wife, and has been hired by White American merchants to expel the Indians from the land.

## Cast

* Gojko Mitic as Ulzana
* Renate Blume as Leona
* Rolf Hoppe as captain Burton
* Colea Rautu as Nana
* Amza Pellea as general Crook
* Fred Delmare as Bob Tribolett, the saloon waiter
* Alfred Struwe as Aldrigton, Tucson's mayor
* Dorel Iacobescu as Hackii
* Dinu Gherasim as the colonel
* Dan Sandulescu as Buuly, the army scout
* Hannjo Hasse as the gentleman from Washington
* Werner Dissel as the Mexican doctor
* Fritz Mohr as sergeant Winter
* Paul Berndt as John Richard Wardley, the rider from Tucson
* Klaus Gehrke as Ball, the postmaster
* Holger Eckert as Cayrol, the bank director
* Walter Wickenhauser as Howard, the owner of 'Tucson Evening Star'

## Production

The film's sets were designed by the art director Heinz Röske. It was shot on location in Romania and Uzbekistan.
# Latif Lahlou

Latif Lahlou (born 3 April 1939 in El Jadida) is a Moroccan filmmaker.

## Career

After training in film at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC) in 1959, Lahlou studied sociology at the Sorbonne. He edited multiple short films in the 1960s. He then joined the CCM (national film center), where he worked as an editor and producer for short films. He participated in the financing of Souheil Benbarka's La guerre du pétrole n'aura pas lieu. He has directed a number of feature films throughout the decades.

## Filmography
### Feature films (as director)

* 1969: Soleil de printemps
* 1986: La compromission
* 2007: Les jardins de Samira
* 2010: La grande villa
* 2014: L'anniversaire

### Documentaries

* 1963: Cultivez la Betterave (as editor)
* 1966: Fourrage (as writer)
* 1967: Sin Agafaye (as writer)
* 1968: De Cote de la Tassaout
# Friends In Deed

Friends In Deed is a non-profit organization headquartered in New York City, founded in 1991 by Cynthia O'Neal and Mike Nichols as a response to the growing AIDS crisis. The organization was founded to provide support for people with life-threatening illnesses as well as the friends and family of those with such illnesses, and for anyone experiencing grief or bereavement for any reason.

## Philosophy

According to Nichols and O'Neal, Friends In Deed's purpose is to promote the idea that the quality of life does not depend on the circumstances. During an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2005, O'Neal said that American culture views illness, dying, and death as a form of failure, and that this causes Americans to be unable to deal with terminal illnesses. In order to help its clients cope with the idea of death, Friends In Deed focuses on being "present-minded": giving people a sense of perspective about their illness, discouraging them from living in a state of rage or negativity.

## Jonathan Larson and RENT

Jonathan Larson, the author and composer of the Pulitzer Prize winning musical RENT, attended several Friends In Deed meetings shortly after the group's founding in 1991. The "Life Support" group in the RENT musical is based on Larson's experiences with Friends In Deed, including explicit references to the Friends In Deed philosophy (e.g. "no day but today," the question of losing one's dignity, etc.) Cynthia O'Neal was invited to give a support group for the original cast of RENT at the New York Theatre Workshop, and has been invited on several occasions to meet subsequent casts of RENT.
# Abava Valley

The Abava Valley is the valley of the Abava River in Talsi, Tukums, and Kuldīga municipalities, Latvia, in the historical Kurzeme region.
Following inclusion on the World Monuments Fund's Watch List of endangered heritage sites, on 20 June 1996 the Republic of Latvia designated the Abava Valley as specially protected cultural territory and on 03/01/2005 it was submitted for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The valley is the route of the historical road from Riga to Prussia and Northern Germany, and as such, it is rich in historical and cultural monuments. In its vicinity there are 16 protected nature monuments, such as Devil's Stone, Devil's Cave and Chambers of Mara, five rocks, seven rapids and three historical estate parks.
# No Mercy, No Remorse

No Mercy, No Remorse is the second studio album by American rapper RBX, released June 29, 1999 on Street Solid Records. It was produced entirely by Polarbear. The album features guest appearances by Treach of Naughty By Nature and Swedish hip hop group, Infinite Mass.
This release is a fusion between two of RBX's EPs on one CD. Tracks 1 to 7 are from No Mercy, No Remorse and tracks 8 to 14 are from The X-Factor. Track 15 is an untitled hidden track.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic - "Four years after his debut album, The RBX Files, RBX resurfaced on Street Solid with his sophomore effort, No Mercy, No Remorse/The X-Factor. While a four-year wait between albums wouldn't be as big of a deal in jazz, blues, pop, or country, it's an eternity in hip-hop -- a genre in which trends and tastes can change radically in the course of a few years. And when you consider that the release of The RBX Files was delayed a few years because of RBX's problems with Dr. Dre in the early 1990s, you're really talking more than a four-year gap between albums. But delays and all, RBX's rapping style still sounds quite fresh on this 1999 CD...No Mercy, No Remorse/The X-Factor is a respectable, long overdue follow-up from an MC who should have recorded a lot more often in the 1990s."
# Silja Dögg Gunnarsdóttir

Silja Dögg Gunnarsdóttir (born 16 December 1973) is an Icelandic politician who is a member of the Althing (Iceland's parliament) for the South Constituency since 2013 and has also served as Chairman of the Icelandic Delegation to the Nordic Council since 2017.
At the end of October 2019, Silja Dögg was elected to the position of president of the Nordic Council for the year 2020.
# KTL (band)

KTL was an American-Austrian musical project consisting of Stephen O'Malley (Sunn O)))) and Peter Rehberg (Pita), originally formed to create the music for a theater production titled Kindertotenlieder by Gisèle Vienne and Dennis Cooper. The production premiered in Brest, France, in March 2007.
The duo has also played shows not associated with the Kindertotenlieder production.
In late 2008, it was announced on Stephen O'Malley's web site that KTL's fourth album would be released in January 2009 through Editions Mego and in February 2009 through Daymare Records, with a vinyl release on Inoxia. In addition to the announcement, two song titles were mentioned for the upcoming album — "Paratrooper" and "Natural Trouble".

## Discography

* KTL (CD/2XLP) (Editions Mego/Aurora Borealis)
* KTL 2 (CD/2XLP) (Editions Mego/Thrill Jockey)
* KTL 3 EP (Or Records)
* Eine eiserne Faust in einem Samthandschuh CD (Editions Mego) - limited to 300 copies and was sold on tour in 2007. "Luminaire" was recorded at Luminaire in Kilburn, London, on 29 May 2007. "Forest Floor" (from KTL's first album) was remixed by Florian for this release. The title is German and translates to "An iron fist in a velvet glove".
* The Phantom Carriage: KTL Edition DVD (Tartan)
* Live in Krems EP (Editions Mego)
* IKKI CD (Editions Mego)
* KTL IV CD (Editions Mego/Forced Exposure)
* The Paris Demos (Editions Mego)
* KTL V (CD/2XLP) (Editions Mego)
# CHRISTUS St. Vincent Regional Medical Center

35°39′32″N 105°56′42″W﻿ / ﻿35.659°N 105.945°W﻿ / 35.659; -105.945
Christus St. Vincent Regional Medical Center is a general hospital located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. The hospital is the oldest in the State of New Mexico, since being established in the downtown plaza before it was moved in 1977 to developing St. Michaels Drive. It is the largest medical facility north of Albuquerque and the largest south of Pueblo, Colorado. It is one of two Level III Trauma Center in Northern New Mexico. It is now the center of a network of over 30 locations, including urgent care locations, family medicine centers, surgical center, cancer care, and women's specialty clinics. See list below.
A religious institution until it became public in 1973, it joined the Christus Health network of Catholic hospitals in 2008. In 2018, the culmination of a $44 million expansion is resulting in all-private patient rooms, which was the most-requested feature in a 2014 survey of the local area population.

## Services and clinics

* Behavioral Health
* Brain and Spine (Neurosurgery)
* Cancer Center
* Digestive Health (Gastroenterology)
* Emergency
* Urgent Care
* Health Gym (Center for Living Well)
* Heart and Vascular
* Hospitalist
* Infectious Disease
* Laboratory
* Labor and Delivery
* Orthopaedic
* Outpatient Therapy (Sports Medicine)
* Pediatric
* Physical Rehab (Inpatient Rehab)
* Pulmonary and Critical Care
* Radiology and Imaging
* Sleep
* Surgical
* Urology
* Weight Loss Surgery Program (Bariatrics)
* Women's Health
* Wound Care and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
* Breast Institute
* Geriatrics and Internal Medicine
* Health Specialists – Los Alamos
* Heart and Vascular Center
* Neurosurgical Associates
* Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Associates
* Orthopedics of New Mexico
* Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Specialists
* Pulmonary and Critical Care Associates
* Regional Cancer Center
* Sports Medicine – Los Alamos
* Surgical Associates
* Urology Associates
* Women's Care Specialists
* Dermatology
# Maurice Herlihy

Maurice Peter Herlihy (born 4 January 1954) is an American computer scientist active in the field of multiprocessor synchronization. Herlihy has contributed to areas including theoretical foundations of wait-free synchronization, linearizable data structures, applications of combinatorial topology to distributed computing, as well as hardware and software transactional memory. He is the An Wang Professor of Computer Science at Brown University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1994.
Herlihy was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2013 for concurrent computing techniques for linearizability, non-blocking data structures, and transactional memory.

## Recognition

* 2003 Dijkstra Prize
* 2004 Gödel Prize
* 2005 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
* 2012 Dijkstra Prize
* 2013 W. Wallace McDowell Award
* 2013 National Academy of Engineering
* 2014 National Academy of Inventors Fellow
* 2015 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Member
* 2022 Dijkstra Prize
# Leuckart reaction

The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines. The reaction is an example of reductive amination. The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C; for the formamide variant, the temperature can be greater than 165 °C.

## History

The Leuckart reaction is named in honor of its developer, the German chemist Rudolf Leuckart (1854–1899). He discovered that heating benzaldehyde with formamide does not produce benzylidenediformamide as anticipated, but benzylamine. In 1891, a colleague of Leuckart at the University of Göttingen, Otto Wallach, performed further reactions using alicyclic and terpenoid ketones as well as aldehydes, demonstrating the general application. Over the course of the past century, chemists have discovered several methods to improve the yield of the reaction and carry it out under less strenuous conditions. Pollard and Young summarized various ways in which amines can be formed: using either formamide or ammonium formate, or both, or adding formic acid to formamide. However, using just ammonium formate as the reagent produces the best yields. Using formamide produces low yields compared to ammonium formate but yields can be increased by using large amount of formamide, or using ammonium formate, ammonium sulfate, and magnesium chloride as catalysts.

## Mechanism
### Ammonium formate as reagent

Ammonium formate is a source of formic acid and ammonia. Starting with nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl by the ammonia, the carbonyl is converted to the iminium ion:
    NH$_4$HCO$_2$ ⇌ NH$_3$ + HCO$_2$H
    NH$_3$ + R$_2$C=O + HCO$_2$H → R$_2$C=NH+2 + HCO−2
The iminium is then reduced by the formate:
    R$_2$C=NH+2 + HCO−2 → R$_2$CH−NH$_2$ + CO$_2$

### Formamide as reagent

Formamide first nucleophilically attacks the carbonyl carbon. The oxygen is protonated by abstracting hydrogen from the nitrogen atom, subsequently forming a water molecule that leaves, forming N-formyl derivative, which is resonance stabilized. Water hydrolyzes formamide to give ammonium formate, which acts as a reducing agent and adds on to the N-formyl derivative. Hydride shift occurs, resulting in loss of carbon dioxide. An ammonium ion is added forming an imine and releasing ammonia. The imine goes through hydrolysis to form the amine, which is depicted in the scheme below.

## Applications

An example of the Leuckart reaction is its use in the synthesis of tetrahydro-1,4 benzodiazepin-5-one, a molecule that is part of the benzodiazepine family.
# Ronald de Wolf

Ronald Michiel de Wolf (born 1973) is a Dutch Computer Scientist, currently a Senior Researcher at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) and a professor at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) of the University of Amsterdam (UvA).
His research interests are on Quantum computing, Quantum information, Coding theory, and Computational complexity theory.
His scientific contributions include the first exponential separation between one-way quantum and classical communication protocols for a partial Boolean function, and a proof that a locally decodable code (LDC) with 2 classical queries need exponential length. This suggested the use of techniques from quantum computing to prove results in "classical" computer science.
De Wolf and his coauthors received the Best Paper Award at the Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC) in 2012. For the same article, they also received the 2022 STOC 10-year test of time award and the 2023 Gödel Prize.

## Publications

* Ronald de Wolf publications indexed by Google Scholar
* List of publications on arXiv
* Buhrman, Harry; Cleve, Richard; Watrous, John; de Wolf, Ronald (2001). "Quantum fingerprinting". Physical Review Letters. 87 (16): 167902. arXiv:quant-ph/0102001. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87p7902B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.167902. PMID 11690244. S2CID 1096490. 167902.
* Nienhuys-Cheng, Shan-Hwei; de Wolf, Ronald (1997). Siekmann, J.; Carbonell, J. G. (eds.). Foundations of Inductive Logic Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. ISBN 978-3540629276. 1228.
# Christopher Chronis

Christopher Chronis (born 29 September 1961 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian fashion designer. Chronis has designed men's and women's fashions under the Christopher Chronis Designs, Gas Station and Christos fashion labels. He is now the head designer of Global Designer Brands.

## Stand-alone stores

Chronis opened his first store in Chapel Street, South Yarra. Other stores were opened in the Melbourne, Sydney, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. His fashions have also been sold by other retailers including major department stores. He launched his signature fragrance Christos in 1998 and has also used the CCD brand on a number of café and restaurant ventures. In 2000 after Chronis was on the brink of financial ruin the stores were seized by receiver KPMG, Mr Chronis reported that his business would be rescued by a group of investors, Tony Mokbel with associate Jack Smit, borrowed $1.4 million to buy designer Christopher Chronis's business. Christopher is the head of design for Global Designer Brands, has designed for the Playboy Icon luxury evening-wear collection for men and women and has also opened Playboy concept boutiques in Australia, New Zealand and a London flagship store in Oxford Street.
There are three Christopher Chronis stores in Melbourne (Chapel Street, GPO and Chadstone), one in Oxford Street Sydney, one in Auckland and one in Oxford Street, London. Christopher is now the head of design for Global Designer Brands, has designed for the Playboy Icon luxury evening-wear collection for men and women and has also opened Playboy concept boutiques in Australia, New Zealand and a London flagship store in Oxford Street.

## Awards

* The Australian Fashion Industry Awards 1993 Mens PM /Gala wear.
* The Australian Fashion Industry Awards 1994 Mens PM/Gala wear.
* The Australian Fashion Industry Awards 1995 Mens weekend wear.
* The National Australian Print Award 1997 for best catalogue category.
# Radio Scarborough

Radio Scarborough is an FM community radio station broadcasting to the town of Scarborough, England on 107.6 FM.
Prior to the granting of its FM licence and subsequent launch on 23 September 2021, the station had been broadcasting exclusively online since 2013.
In February 2023, Ofcom reported that Radio Scarborough had breached its licence conditions by failing to "deliver 84 hours of original output per week and locally-produced output at all times".