OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1948 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1948 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: King George VI.
* Governor-General and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Gideon Brand van Zyl.
* Prime Minister: Jan Christiaan Smuts (until 4 June), Daniel François Malan (starting 4 June).
* Chief Justice: Ernest Frederick Watermeyer.

## Events
### January

* 4 – Prince Edward Island is annexed.

### March

* 13 – Dr. K. Goonam leads a batch of twelve passive resisters across the Natal-Transvaal border.

### May

* 26 – The National Party wins the General Elections in coalition with the Afrikaner Party (AP).
* 28 – The National Party forms a new South African government as incumbent prime minister Jan Smuts loses his seat.

### June

* 4 – Daniel François Malan is elected the 4th Prime Minister of South Africa.
* 12 – The first Rembrandt cigarettes are manufactured.

### September

* 8 – A group of 83 German children, orphaned by the war, arrives in Table Bay.
* 10 – The German orphans reach Pretoria to settle in South Africa.

### October

* 15 – Foreign Minister Eric Louw informs Commonwealth leaders that South Africa is not prepared to allow interference in its domestic affairs.

## Births

* 27 January – Irvin Khoza, football administrator, chairman of Orlando Pirates F.C., president of the Premier Soccer League
* 2 February – Mluleki George, politician.
* 10 February – Paul Slabolepszy, actor and playwright.
* 24 June – Dave Orchard, cricketer.
* 9 July – Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph, composer, pianist and teacher.
* 18 July – Graham Spanier, 16th President of Pennsylvania State University
* 27 July – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, King of the Zulu.
* 27 July – Gavin Watson, businessman (d. 2019).
* 30 July – John Briscoe, South African-American epidemiologist, engineer, and academic (d. 2014)
* 5 September – Pumza Dyantyi, politician and anti-apartheid activist (d. 2020)
* 17 October – S'bu Ndebele, politician, government minister
* 25 October – Lauritz Dippenaar, self made millionaire businessman, investor and banker who was the Chairman of FirstRand financial Group.
* 10 December – Thamsanga Mnyele, artist and activist. (d. 1985)
* 13 December
** Lillian Board, South African-born English Olympic athlete. (d. 1970)
** William Flynn, actor and comedian, (d. 2007)

## Deaths

* 2 February – Bevil Rudd, athlete. (b. 1894)
* 25 February – Alexander du Toit, geologist. (b. 1878)
* 3 December – Jan Hofmeyr, Prime Minister of South Africa. (b. 1894)

## Railways
### Railway lines opened

* 7 June – Free State: Whites to Odendaalsrus, 24 miles 27 chains (39.2 kilometres).

## Sports

* South Africa at the 1948 Summer Olympics
* English cricket team in South Africa in 1948–49
# Susan Finsen

Susan Finsen is an American philosopher, currently professor emeritus of philosophy and former chair of the department at California State University, San Bernardino. She specializes in moral philosophy, with a particular interest in animal rights, as well as philosophy of science and philosophy of biology. She is the co-author, with her husband Lawrence Finsen, of The Animal Rights Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect (1994), and is the director of Californians for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Finsen received her PhD in philosophy from Indiana University Bloomington in 1982. Susan Finsen was formerly known as Susan K. Mills.
# 1951 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1951 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: King George VI.
* Governor-General: Ernest George Jansen (starting 1 January).
* Prime Minister: Daniel François Malan.
* Chief Justice: Albert van der Sandt Centlivres.

## Events
### March

* 30 – The Group Areas Act, passed in 1950, becomes law.

### May

* 14 – Cabinet votes for the removal of Coloured people from the voters roll.
* 24 – The first part of the Afrikaans Dictionary Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT) is published, a project which was begun in 1926 by Prof. J.J. Smith of Stellenbosch University.

### July

* 29 – Blacks, Coloureds and Indians meet for the first time to discuss a plan of action against race discrimination laws.
    August
* 31 – The first Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the plant in Uitenhage.

### Unknown date

* Max Theiler, virologist, is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing a vaccine for yellow fever, the first South African to receive a Nobel Prize.

## Births

* 3 January – Frank Chikane, civil servant, writer and cleric
* 17 February – Patricia De Lille, current Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure (South Africa) and leader of the political party Good
* 9 March – Helen Zille, federal council chairperson of the Democratic Alliance (South Africa)
* 26 July – Pieter Mulder, politician and the former leader of the Freedom Front Plus
* 1 December – Nozipho Schroeder, lawn bowler

## Deaths

* 6 April – Robert Broom, the Scottish paleontologist who discovered Mrs Ples. (b. 1866)
* 23 May – Sefako Makgatho, the 2nd African National Congress president. (b. 1861)
* 14 October – Herman Charles Bosman, writer and journalist. (b. 1905)
* 5 November – Reggie Walker, athlete (b. 1889)
* 28 November – Clements Kadalie, trade unionist. (b. 1896)

## Railways
### Railway lines opened

* 13 June – Transvaal: Grootvlei to Redan, 39 miles 1 chain (62.8 kilometres).
* 21 December – Transvaal: Springs to Welgedag, 5 miles 19 chains (8.4 kilometres).

## Sports
### Canoeing

* 22 December – The first 200 kilometre Dusi Marathon, with four pairs of canoeists taking part, starts on the Umsindusi River which joins the Umgeni River in the Valley of a Thousand Hills. Since only Ian Player stays the course and finishes, it is declared that there is no winner.

### Rugby

* 8 December – The Springboks beat Ireland 17–5 in Ireland.
# 1959 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Queen Elizabeth II.
* Governor-General:
** until 25 November: Ernest George Jansen.
** 25 November – 11 December: Lucas Cornelius Steyn.
** starting 11 December: Charles Robberts Swart.
* Prime Minister: Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd.
* Chief Justice: Henry Allan Fagan then Lucas Cornelius Steyn.

## Events
### April

* 5 – The Pan-Africanist Congress led by Robert Sobukwe secedes from the African National Congress.

### July

* 9 – Wing Commander Michael Beetham flying a Royal Air Force Vickers Valiant sets a record of 11 hours 27 minutes for a non-stop London-Cape Town flight.

### August

* 11 – Members of the United Party led by Helen Suzman secede and form the Progressive Party.

### December

* 1 – Twelve countries, including South Africa, the United States and the Soviet Union, sign the Antarctic Treaty.
* 11 – Charles Robberts Swart is appointed the 11th Governor-General of the Union of South Africa.
* 12 – The 47th Annual Conference of the African National Congress takes place in Durban.

### Unknown date

* Papwa Sewgolum, a South African Indian golfer, wins the Dutch Open tournament.

## Births

* 1 January – Thulas Nxesi, national minister
* 7 January – Peter Mokaba, member of the South African parliament, deputy minister in the government of Nelson Mandela (d. 2002)
* 14 March – Tertius Bosch, cricketer.
* 16 March – Tito Mboweni, politician.
* 4 April – Kenneth Segal, South African-born Israeli industrial designer and educator
* 7 April – Etsko Schuitema, Afrikaner businessman
* 21 April – Manne Dipico, politician
* 16 September – Dave Richardson (cricketer), cricketer.
* 18 November – Christine Barkhuizen le Roux, writer (d. 2020)

## Deaths

* April 15 – Leonard Beyers, South African army general (b. 1894)
* February 7 – D. F. Malan, South African politician, 4th Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1874)
* April 15 – Leonard Beyers, South African army general (b. 1894)

## Railways
### Locomotives

Three new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways.
* May–July – Seven Class 1-DH Henschel type DH 1420 diesel-hydraulic locomotives.
* November – The first of 115 Class 32-000 General Electric type U18C1 diesel-electric locomotives in South West Africa.
* The first of 135 Class 5E1, Series 1 electric locomotives, an upgraded and more powerful version of the Class 5E.
# 1960 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1960 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Queen Elizabeth II
* Governor-General: Charles Robberts Swart (from 12 January).
* Prime Minister: Hendrik Verwoerd.
* Chief Justice: Lucas Cornelius Steyn.

## Events
### January

* 21 – 435 miners die in the Coalbrook mining disaster, the worst mine disaster in South Africa.

### February

* 3 – Harold Macmillan delivers his Wind of Change speech to the Parliament of South Africa in Cape Town.

### March

* 21 – Police kill an estimated 69 people during the Sharpeville massacre.
* 22 – Hendrik Verwoerd tells Parliament that the Anti-Pass Resistance in Sharpeville, Gauteng was not targeted against the government.
* 23 – Robert Sobukwe, leader of the Pan Africanist Congress, Albert Lutuli and 11 others are arrested for incitement of riots.
* 24 – All public meetings of more than 12 people are banned.
* 30 – The government declares a State of Emergency.

### April

* 8 – The government bans the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress with the coming into effect of the Unlawful Organisations Act.
* 9 – David Pratt shoots and wounds Hendrik Verwoerd, the Prime Minister of South Africa, while he opens the Rand Easter Show at Milner Park, Johannesburg.
* 19 – The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) is founded in Windhoek, South West Africa.

### May

* 4 – Robert Sobukwe, President of the Pan Africanist Congress, is sentenced to 3 years imprisonment for incitement of black Africans to urge the repeal of pass laws.
* 6 – Umhlobo Wenene FM is founded.

### July

* 15 – The first Boeing 707 arrives in South Africa.

### October

* 5 – The white population votes in a referendum to sever South Africa's last links with the British monarchy and become a republic.

### November

* 14 – Serial Killer "Pangaman" Elias Xitavhudzi is hanged for the murders of 16 white men and women in Atteridgeville in the 1950s.

## Births

* 12 March – Sello Maake Ka-Ncube, actor.
* 14 April – Pat Symcox, cricketer
* 8 June – Frank Opperman, actor
* 24 June – Carel du Plessis, rugby player
* 16 July – PJ Powers aka Thandeka, musician.
* 24 August – Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi, politician.
* 25 August – David Mabuza, Deputy President of South Africa
* 13 September – Kevin Carter, photojournalist. (d. 1994)
* 18 October – Mark Mathabane, author, lecturer and college professor.

## Deaths

* 13 June – Ken McArthur, athlete. (b. 1881)
# Black-necked red cotinga

The black-necked red cotinga (Phoenicircus nigricollis) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae, the cotingas.
It is found in the western Amazon Basin of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; also the very southern border region of Venezuela with Amazonas state. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
This is a distinctive red bird with black wings and a narrow black band across the tip of its tail.

## Distribution
### Western Amazon Basin

The black-necked red cotinga is found in the western Amazon Basin in two distinct ranges, one in the northwest Basin, the other in the central–southwest.
The northwestern range in the Amazon Basin has the Amazon River as its southern limit; in the east it is limited to the Rio Negro confluence with the Amazon and then on its western shore and beyond, upstream and crossing into the very southern border area of Venezuela, but continuing west into all of Amazonian southern Colombia and eastern Ecuador. From this contiguous range it extends southward into the very west of the southwestern Amazon Basin in northern Peru, and is again limited to the northern bank of the lower stretch of the Ucayali River, and the north bank Marañón River-(the western Amazon River).
The second range in the center–southwest is also of similar size and is limited on the west by the east bank of the Madeira River, the north by the Amazon River, and extends the range east beyond the Tapajós River, the lower downstream half.
Of note, the other cotinga in the two-genus Phoenicircus, the Guianan red cotinga has a range in the Guianas and the eastern Amazon Basin; it only intersects ranges with the black-necked in the lower quarter of the Tapajós River drainage, and environs.
# Goght

Goght (Armenian: Գողթ; formerly Goghot) is a village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia, located on the right bank of the upper-Azat River. It is known from 13th-century manuscripts as Goghot. It is located near Garni and sits along the road leading to Geghard Monastery. The village has a small ruined basilica from the 17th or 18th century located straight down a dirt road from the main square. Some khachkars are built into the exterior walls of the church, as well as at its altar. Goght sits overlooking a large gorge and upon a promontory on the other side is the 11th- to 13th-century monastery of Havuts Tar. It may be reached by foot from the town, but more easily from Garni via the Garni Gorge. The community has a school, kindergarten, house of culture, and a library. The local economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, based primarily on grain farming, orchard cultivation, and cattle-breeding.

## Gallery

* A portion of the village that sits along a ridge overlooking the gorge
* Goght as seen from Havuts Tar Monastery across the gorge
* Village church
* One of the doors leading into the village church
* The Havuts Tar Monastic Complex located across the gorge from Goght
# Ansar Abbasi

Ansar Abbasi (Urdu: انصار عباسی) is a Pakistani right-wing commentator and columnist associated with The News International.

## Investigative articles
### Chief Justice Choudhry

Abbasi was among the first to bring forth allegations against Chief Justice Iftikhar Choudhray for gross misconduct in 2002, accusing him of admitting his son Dr. Arsalan to the Federal Investigation Agency undermining all merits. Primarily based on this allegation the establishment moved a reference to Supreme Judicial Council against Chief Justice Iftikhar Choudhry.

### President Musharraf

Abbasi has published work critical of the regime of former president Pervez Musharraf accusing him of building a multi-million rupees residence at Chak Shehzad, equipped with utilities at much cheaper rates with differential subsidized by the government.

### Justice Dogar

"Our Special Daughters", an investigative report by Abbasi in Daily News, found out that Justice Dogar's daughter Farah Hameed Dogar's examination paper for F.Sc. was reassessed in violation of a previous Supreme Court ruling. While the results of 201 candidates were revised, only for her were the examination papers re-marked and the numbers increased. In the other 200 cases, only errors in adding the total marks were corrected. The case later went on to the parliamentary committee for education.
# Sacrificium (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Underground | |
| My Global Mind | 9/10 |
Sacrificium is the sixth studio album by German symphonic metal band Xandria. The record was released on 2 May 2014 via Napalm Records.
In Latin, the word sacrificium means the performance of an act that renders something sacer, sacred. Sacrifice reinforced the powers and attributes of divine beings, and inclined them to render benefits in return (the principle of do ut des).

## Background

According to the band, the new album will "continue the musical journey and direction" of their last album, Neverworld's End, but "will bring in even more of everything people liked" about it.
Right before recording began, the band parted ways with their singer of three years, Manuela Kraller. She was replaced by Dutch singer Dianne van Giersbergen, who also fronts the progressive metal band, Ex Libris. This record is also the first album to feature Steven Wussow on bass.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Marco Heubaum (except where noted)

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums Chart | 71 |
| German Albums Chart | 25 |
| Swiss Albums Chart | 48 |
| UK Albums Chart | 176 |
| US Top Heatseekers | 25 |

## Personnel

All information from the album booklet.
Xandria
* Dianne van Giersbergen – vocals
* Marco Heubaum – guitar, producer
* Philip Restemeier – guitar
* Steven Wussow – bass
* Gerit Lamm – drums
Additional musicians
* Amanda Somerville – narration
* Mark Burnash – narration
* Ben Mathot – violin
* McAlbi – tin whistle, low whistle
* Johannes Schiefner – bagpipes
* Jonas Pap – cello
* PAdam Chamber Choir – choir
Choir
* Maria van Nieukerken – choir conductor
* Annette Stallinga, Annette Vermeulen, Karen Langendonk, Marie Anne Jacobs, Angus van Grevenbroek, Gijs Klunder, Jan Douwes, Alfrun Schmid, Annemieke Nuijten, Aukje Vergeest, Frederique Klooster, Martha Bosch, Daan Verlaan, Koert Braches, Ruben de Grauw
Production
* Joost van den Broek – producer, recording, engineering, keyboards, programming
* Stefan Heilemann – artwork, layout, photography
* Arne Wiegand – engineering assistant
* Jos Driessen – engineering assistant
* Sascha Paeth – producer, recording, engineering, mixing
# WZTA

WZTA (1370 AM) is a commercial radio station in Vero Beach, Florida. The station serves the Treasure Coast area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. WZTA broadcasts a conservative talk radio format, and is known on air as "The Patriot".
Programming on WZTA is also heard on FM translator W300BQ at 107.9 MHz.

## History

On October 24, 1954, the station signed on as WNTM. It originally was a daytimer, required to leave the air at sunset every night. It was owned by Central Florida Broadcasting and had a power of 1,000 watts, days only. It was a rare station in that era to have a female president, Naomi T. Murrell. WNTM was a network affiliate of the Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS).
The station later changed its call sign to WAXE.
Until July 2, 2020, WZTA had broadcast a talk radio format and carried syndicated programming from Premiere Networks and Fox News Radio. During evening and overnight hours from 7 pm to 5 am, the station played adult standards music.
On November 1, 2023, WZTA changed their format from oldies to conservative talk, branded as "The Patriot".
# Volver a vivir (film)

Volver a vivir is a 1941 Argentine film of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema.

## Cast

* Diana Adhemar
* Pedro Beco
* José Castroler
* Héctor Coire
* Aída Fernández
* Rene Fischer Bauer
* Domingo Froid
* Rafael Frontaura
* Niní Gambier
* Carmen Giménez
* Alberto Giralde
* Miguel Inclán
* Antonio Lagrosa
* Pancho López (actor)
* Claudio Martino
# Erik Almlöf

Erik Albin Almlöf (20 December 1891 – 18 January 1971) was a Swedish athlete who specialized in the triple jump. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, where he won the bronze medal. Due to World War I no Olympics were held in 1916, but Almlöf returned to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, where he won his second Olympic bronze medal.

## Career

Between the 1912 and 1920 Olympics, Almlöf won two national titles in 1913–14, finished third behind Ivar Sahlin in the triple jump event at the British 1914 AAA Championships, won the 1915–16 Swedish-American meet, won the 1919 Metropolitan (US) title, and was second at the US National Championships, both indoors and outdoors, in 1916.
After the 1920 Olympics, Almlöf finished second at the United States – France – Sweden meet. His last major competition was the 1923 Göteborg Games, where he finished fourth. Almlöf was a businessman operating between Sweden and the United States, where he died in 1971.
Almlöf represented Djurgårdens IF and IFK Gävle.
# 1962 Tennessee Volunteers football team

The 1962 Tennessee Volunteers football team (variously "Tennessee", "UT" or the "Vols") represented the University of Tennessee in the 1962 NCAA University Division football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his eighth year, and played their home games at Shields–Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of four wins and six losses (4–6 overall, 2–6 in the SEC). The Volunteers offense scored 179 points while the defense allowed 134 points.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 29 | at Auburn | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL (rivalry) | | L 21–22 | 48,000 |
| October 6 | vs. Mississippi State | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | | L 6–7 | 22,013 |
| October 13 | at Georgia Tech | Grant FieldAtlanta, GA (rivalry) | | L 0–17 | 52,223 |
| October 20 | No. 2 Alabama | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN (Third Saturday in October) | CBS | L 7–27 | 44,600 |
| October 27 | Chattanooga* | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN | | W 48–14 | 16,000 |
| November 3 | Wake Forest* | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN | | W 23–0 | 22,325 |
| November 10 | Tulane | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN | | W 28–16 | 19,965 |
| November 17 | No. 3 Ole Miss | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN (rivalry) | | L 6–19 | 37,166 |
| November 24 | Kentucky | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN (rivalry) | | L 10–12 | 34,172 |
| December 1 | at Vanderbilt | Dudley FieldNashville, TN (rivalry) | | W 30–0 | 37,166 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Academia El Tango Argentino

Academia El Tango Argentino (English: The Argentine Tango Academy) is a 1942 black and white Argentine musical romantic drama film of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema, directed and written by Julio Irigoyen and written by Julio Porter. It stars Warly Ceriani and Domingo Conte. The movie was filmed in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The film is about tango dancing, an integral part of Argentine culture.

## Cast

* Warly Ceriani
* Domingo Conte
* Ada Cornaro
* Elisa Labardén
* Tino Tori
* Herminia Velich