# David Millar

David Millar (born 4 January 1977) is a Scottish retired professional road racing cyclist. He rode for Cofidis from 1997 to 2004 and Garmin–Sharp from 2008 to 2014. He has won four stages of the Tour de France, five of the Vuelta a España and one stage of the Giro d'Italia. He was the British national road champion and the national time trial champion, both in 2007.
Millar was banned for two years in 2004 after he admitted to taking banned performance-enhancing drugs. Upon his return from his ban, Millar became an anti-doping campaigner, a stance which eventually resulted in journalist Alasdair Fotheringham describing him as an 'elder statesman' of cycling.

## Early life and education

Millar is the son of Gordon and Avril Millar, both Scots. His father was a pilot in the Royal Air Force and Millar was born in Mtarfa, Malta, while his father was based there for a three-year tour of duty. His mother worked as a teacher. He has a sister, Frances (Fran) who also works in cycling, currently as the chief executive officer of Team Ineos. The family returned to the United Kingdom, and lived at RAF Kinloss in Scotland before moving to Aylesbury, 60 km north-west of London. His father and mother divorced when Millar was 11 and his father moved to Hong Kong, when he joined the airline Cathay Pacific, which is based there. Millar considers Hong Kong as his home. Millar moved to Hong Kong to join his father when he was 13. He rode in BMX bike races in Hong Kong "and did pretty well." He bought a road bike in 1992 and raced at 6.30 in the morning before the roads began filling with traffic.
At King George V School he chose mathematics, economics and geography as his A-level, pre-university, examination subjects, then switched to art, graphics and sports studies at his father's suggestion. He completed his A-levels and, having moved back to England to be with his mother in Maidenhead, enrolled at an arts college. He started cycling with a club in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. His mother, Avril, took him there so that he would make new friends and have something to do. At age 18, a week before he was due to start at the arts college, he went to race in France. He joined a club at St-Quentin, in the Picardy region, and won eight races. Five professional teams offered him a contract. He signed with Cyrille Guimard because his team, Cofidis, was based in the area and he knew of Guimard's skill in recognising young talent.

## Early career
### 2000–2003: early years

In his first professional season, Millar won the prologue of the Tour de l'Avenir and the competition for the best young rider in the Mi-Août Breton. He profited from his background in 10-mile time-trials in Britain to win the first stage of the 2000 Tour de France, a 16 km time-trial at Futuroscope. He held the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for a few days. He failed to repeat his feat at Dunkirk in 2001 after puncturing in a bend and crashing. He finished fifth in the prologue in 2002 on a rolling course at Luxembourg. His attempt to win the prologue in central Paris in the centenary Tour of 2003 ended when his chain dropped off 500 m before the finish. He lost by 0.14 s to Brad McGee. Millar had ridden a bike without a front derailleur to save weight. He blamed his directeur sportif, Alain Bondue. "It wasn't a problem with my chainring; it was a problem with my team", he told journalists at the finish. He said Bondue had tried to save a few grams by removing the derailleur. Bondue said he had told Millar to use a front derailleur after other riders had similar problems. Bondue was demoted to logistics manager.
Hopes of winning the Tour de France were fuelled by his stage win in the 2001 Vuelta a España, when he was in a breakaway with Santiago Botero on a mountain stage. Millar won a gold medal for Malta in the 2001 Games of the Small States of Europe, held in San Marino. Millar was selected for the Scotland team for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, but withdrew to compete for Cofidis instead.
In the 2002 Vuelta a España, stage 15 included the ascent of the Alto de l'Angliru in rain. Team cars stalled on the steepest part, some unable to restart because their tires slipped on messages painted by fans. Riders were caught behind them and others had to ride with flat tires because mechanics could not reach them. Millar crashed three times, and protested by handing in his race number a metre from the line, effectively abandoning from the race. The judges ruled he had not finished the stage and he was not reinstated, having already left for his home in Biarritz. He regretted his temper—he had been ninth—and later apologised to his team.

## Doping

Millar was dining in a restaurant with Dave Brailsford in Bidart, near Biarritz, on 23 June 2004 when he was approached by three plainclothes policemen of the Paris drug squad at 8.25pm. They detained Millar and took his watch, shoelaces, jewellery, keys and phone. After searching his home for two and a half hours they found empty phials of Eprex, a brand of the blood-boosting drug erythropoietin (EPO), and two used syringes. Millar claimed he had been given them as a gift at the Tour of Spain, and that he had taken them to Manchester and used them there. After that he had kept them as a souvenir. The detectives took Millar into custody.
The raid followed the arrest at the start of 2004 of Bogdan Madejak, a Cofidis soigneur. Police, looking to find out more about the drugs found on Madejak, turned their attention to another rider on the team, Philippe Gaumont, as he arrived at Orly airport on 20 January 2004. On 22 January 2004 the magazine, Le Point, published transcripts of police phone taps.
Gaumont said he had given Millar the drugs and syringes the day before the Tour finished on the Champs-Élysées in 2003, when Millar won the time-trial. Gaumont said he didn't know what was in the syringe but that "ça m'avait bloqué (that blocked me; i.e. kept me from going well)." Millar denied the claim to the investigating judge, and said that team doctor Menuet was the best person he had ever met and that he was "like a father to me at races." He denied Gaumont's claims that Millar had taken drugs by mixing Stilnox, a sleeping powder, with ephedrine, a stimulant. He called Gaumont a lunatic and said he was talking "absolute crap." But Millar's phone calls had been tapped for four months and Millar eventually confessed to police on 24 June 2004.
Millar admitted using EPO in 2001 and 2003. He blamed it on stress, in particular losing the prologue in the 2003 Tour and being beaten by Jan Ullrich in the 2001 world time trial championship. Under cycling rules a confession equates to a positive test.
British Cycling suspended him for two years in August 2004. He was disqualified as 2003 world time trial champion, fined CHF2,000 (approx. €1250), and disqualified from the 2003 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and 2001 Vuelta a España. Cofidis fired Millar and withdrew from racing while it carried out an internal investigation. Several Cofidis riders and assistants were fired. Alain Bondue, the team's director, and Menuet, the doctor, left the team. Vasseur was forbidden to start the 2004 Tour de France but later cleared.
Millar failed in an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport to reduce his ban, but the court did backdate his suspension to the day he confessed, 24 June 2004.
Millar was prosecuted in a French court in Nanterre in 2006 with nine other defendants, mostly from Cofidis. The court decided it was not clear he had taken drugs in France and that charges could not be pursued. The doctor he had consulted lived in Spain, south of Biarritz and across the Pyrenees. Millar's statement to the judge stated that he had succumbed to the pressure of racing, the expectations placed on him by British fans, and an inability to make close friends. Winning the prologue of the Tour de France made things worse; he had worn the maillot jaune of leadership – his "dream", he said – and when it was all over he was back in his apartment with no friends and just a television for company.
Millar has claimed that doping gained him 25 seconds in the 2003 world time-trial championship. He toasted his championship in the Bellagio Casino in Las Vegas. But the suspension cost Millar his job, his income and his house. Millar then began abusing alcohol for much of a year. He said he had scraped by with the help of family and friends.

## Later career
### 2005–2007: post-suspension

Millar moved to Hayfield, on the edge of the Peak District of northern England, to be close to the Manchester Velodrome where British cycling has its headquarters. He joined a Spanish team, Saunier Duval–Prodir. Its manager, Mauro Gianetti, had contacted him nine months into his suspension.
Millar's suspension ended a week before the 2006 Tour de France and he rode with Saunier Duval–Prodir. He finished 17th in the prologue and 11th on the penultimate, time-trial stage. He finished 59th of 139 finishers, more than 2 hours behind the winner, Óscar Pereiro. In the 2006 Vuelta a España, Millar won in stage 14, a time trial around the city of Cuenca. On 3 October, he won the British 4,000m individual pursuit championship in 4m 22.32s at Manchester.
He left Saunier Duval–Prodir to join an American team, Slipstream–Chipotle run by Jonathan Vaughters, a former rider. Vaughters stressed the team's stance against doping. In the 2007 season, Millar won both the British road and time trial championships and came second in the Eneco Tour, 11 seconds behind José Iván Gutiérrez. His other victory of the year came in the Paris–Nice, during which he won the prologue.

### 2008–2014: career with Garmin

For the start of the 2008 season, Slipstream became known as Garmin Slipstream, and Millar took on part ownership of the team, in order to foster their anti-doping stance. He helped orchestrate Slipstream–Chipotle's victory in the Giro d'Italia opening team time trial. Millar was part of a five-man winning break on stage five of the 2008 Giro d'Italia when his chain broke in the last kilometre and he flung his bike to the roadside.
In the 2008 Tour de France, Millar came third in the time trial on stage four, 18 seconds behind the winner. Overall he finished 68th, 1h 59m 39s behind Carlos Sastre. His best results of the season came in the 2008 Tour of California in which he finished second overall.
Millar rode the 2009 Giro d'Italia and then the 2009 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, finishing ninth overall. He competed in both the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España. His best performance in a stage was winning the stage 20 time trial at the Vuelta. The race was Millar's first win for two years, and his fifth at the Vuelta.
2010 saw Millar continue his strong time-trial form, with stage wins at the Critérium International and the Three Days of De Panne. De Panne also saw Millar gain his first multi-stage race victory since the 2001 Circuit de la Sarthe. Millar had a number of high placings in major time trials earlier in the season – he finished third in the prologue of the 2010 Tour de France and second in stage three of the Critérium du Dauphiné. An injury in the Tour de France hampered the rest of his season, though he finished all three grand tours. Millar then matched his best clean placing at the Men's World Time-Trial Championships, finishing second behind Fabian Cancellara. Shortly after, at the Commonwealth Games, he won a gold medal in the time trial and a bronze in the road race.
2011 saw Millar suffer from illness early in the season, missing many of the classics. His best performance was a 3rd-place finish in the overall of the Circuit de la Sarthe. He recovered in time for the Giro d'Italia, finishing second on stage 3 to take the pink jersey as leader of the general classification. Millar's lead, however, was overshadowed by the death of Wouter Weylandt in the Giro on the same day; in the role of race leader, Millar helped organise the tributes to Weylandt's during the subsequent day's neutralised stage.
He later won the time-trial stage 21 of the Giro, meaning that he became only the third British rider – after Robert Millar and Mark Cavendish – to achieve victories in all three Grand Tours during his career. In June he published his autobiography titled Racing Through the Dark, which Richard Williams in The Guardian wrote was "one of the great first-person accounts of sporting experience". Millar was team captain of the Great Britain team that helped Cavendish win the 2011 UCI World Championships road race.
Millar fractured his collarbone in a crash in the 2012 E3 Harelbeke one-day race in Belgium on 23 March. He returned to competition at the Tour of Bavaria and the Critérium du Dauphiné, where his best result was a 9th place on stage 4. Despite his injuries earlier in the season, Millar was selected to ride his 11th Tour de France. He won stage 12 by escaping with four other riders, arriving five kilometres (3.1 mi) from the finish line in Annonay–Davézieux with more than ten minutes of an advantage over the bunch. He took the win after much cat-and-mouse-play with Jean-Christophe Péraud of Ag2r–La Mondiale. He was the fourth British rider to win a stage in a tour, as Bradley Wiggins became the second British rider to win the event (Nicole Cooke won the women's Tour in 2006). Millar was selected to race on the British Road Race Team for the London Olympics. He reprised his role of team captain from the 2011 World Championships, again aiming to steer Mark Cavendish to victory. Millar and GB teammates Bradley Wiggins, Ian Stannard and Chris Froome were forced to set the tempo for the majority of the race, with little help from the other nations, and were eventually unable to reel back a thirty-man breakaway that had gone clear on the final climb of the Box Hill circuit, leaving Cavendish to come in forty seconds behind the winner, Alexander Vinokourov.
Millar was not selected to make the 2014 Tour de France team, a decision that left him 'devastated and shocked'. Millar retired from professional cycling after the 2014 season with his last competitive start being at the Bec CC Hill Climb in October. The final year of Millar's career was captured by documentary maker Finlay Pretsell for the film Time Trial. Intended as an insight into the world of professional cycling, the film took on themes of aging and retirement as it traced Millar's growing realisation that he was unable to perform at his previous levels. Time Trial was released to cinemas in the UK on 29 June 2018.

### Post-racing career

In March 2015 Millar revealed he was coaching former teammate Ryder Hesjedal, and he has taken a mentoring role with the Great Britain under-23 cycling squad. He represented the professional cyclists' body Cyclistes Professionnels Associes (CPA) on the UCI's working group to establish an Extreme Weather Protocol to provide clear guidance on procedures in the event of severe weather affecting a race; the protocol was first used at the 2016 Paris–Nice. In 2018, he announced that he would challenge incumbent CPA president Gianni Bugno for the leadership of the organisation, running on a manifesto which advocated democratic reforms to the union's voting system, a financial audit of its finances, and improving communication with riders. This was the first contested election in the CPA's history: Millar was defeated by Bugno, winning 96 votes to the latter's 379.
Millar launched his 'Chpt3' brand in 2015, collaborating with various partners to produce a range of cycling-related products, including bikes and clothing. He works as a cycling journalist and pundit, and since 2016 has been the co-commentator on ITV's coverage of the Tour de France and Vuelta a España. Millar also co-hosts Never Strays Far, a "cycling-adjacent" podcast, with fellow ITV commentator Ned Boulting and former pro Peter Kennaugh.

## Personal life

On 9 September 2011, Millar's wife, Nicole, gave birth to their son, Archibald Millar, their second son, Harvey Millar, was born on 2 May 2013. Their daughter Maxine Millar was born on 31 December 2015.
In 2013, while giving consultation to the production of the film The Program, Millar hit his head on a low-hanging beam while walking through a hotel. The accident left him without a sense of smell.
Millar's sister, Fran, was appointed CEO of the cycling team Team Ineos in June 2019.
He is not related to Robert Millar, now living as Philippa York, a fellow road cyclist from the west of Scotland whose main success came in the mid-1980s.

## Major results

Sources:

### 1994

    2nd Overall Junior Tour of Wales

### 1996

    2nd Paris–Évreux

### 1997

    1st Prologue Tour de l'Avenir

### 1998

    Tour de l'Avenir
       1st Prologue & 6 (ITT)
    1st Stage 3b (ITT) Three Days of De Panne
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    2nd Overall Tour du Poitou-Charentes

### 1999

    1st Manx International
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    2nd Overall Critérium International
    3rd Tour de Vendée
    3rd Gran Premio di Chiasso
    4th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
       1st Mountains classification
    4th Overall Étoile de Bessèges

### 2000

    Tour de France
       1st Stage 1 (ITT)
       Held after Stages 1–3
       Held after Stage 1
       Held after Stages 1–3
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    4th Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
       1st Young rider classification
    9th Overall Route du Sud
       1st Stage 1b (ITT)

### 2001

    1st Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stages 4 (ITT) & 5
    1st Overall Danmark Rundt
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stage 4 (ITT)
    Vuelta a España
       1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 6
       Held after Stages 1–3
    1st Stage 4b (ITT) Euskal Bizikleta
    1st Time trial, Games of the Small States of Europe
    2nd Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
    2nd Paris–Camembert
    3rd Overall Tour de Wallonie
    4th Overall Tour de Picardie
    7th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk

### 2002

    1st Stage 13 Tour de France
    2nd Overall Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas
    6th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
    10th Milano–Torino

### 2003

    1st Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
    1st Stage 19 (ITT) Tour de France
    1st Overall Tour de Picardie
    1st Stage 17 Vuelta a España
    1st Prologue Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
    1st Stage 4 (ITT) Vuelta a Burgos
    3rd Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
    3rd Classique des Alpes
    4th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

### 2006

    1st Individual pursuit, National Track Championships
    1st Stage 14 (ITT) Vuelta a España

### 2007

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       1st Time trial
    1st Prologue Paris–Nice
    2nd Overall Eneco Tour
    Tour de France
       Held after Stages 1–2

### 2008

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Giro d'Italia
    2nd Overall Tour of California
    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
    9th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships

### 2009

    1st Stage 20 (ITT) Vuelta a España
    9th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
    10th Overall Volta ao Algarve
    Combativity award Stage 6 Tour de France

### 2010

    Commonwealth Games
       1st Time trial
       3rd Road race
    1st Overall Three Days of De Panne
       1st Stage 3b (ITT)
    1st Chrono des Nations
    2nd Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
    5th Overall Critérium International
       1st Stage 3 (ITT)

### 2011

    Giro d'Italia
       1st Stage 21 (ITT)
       Held after Stage 2
    1st Stage 2 (TTT) Tour de France
    2nd Overall Tour of Beijing
    3rd Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
    3rd Overall Eneco Tour
    5th Chrono des Nations
    7th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
    10th Overall Tour de Romandie

### 2012

    1st Stage 12 Tour de France
    5th Chrono des Nations

### 2013

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2014

    8th Time trial, Commonwealth Games

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
| Giro d'Italia | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 94 | DNF | DNF | 99 | — | DNF | — |
| Tour de France | 62 | DNF | 68 | 55 | — | — | 56 | 68 | 67 | 82 | 157 | 76 | 106 | 113 | — |
| Vuelta a España | — | 41 | DNF | 103 | — | — | 64 | — | — | 80 | 108 | — | — | — | 144 |

### Major championship results timeline

| Event | Event | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
| Olympic Games | Time trial | Not held | Not held | Not held | 16 | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held |
| Olympic Games | Road race | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | 108 | Not held | Not held |
| World Championships | Time trial | 20 | — | — | — | 2 | 6 | 1 | — | — | 15 | 18 | 9 | — | 2 | 7 | — | — | — |
| World Championships | Road race | — | — | — | — | DNF | DNF | 86 | — | — | 35 | 54 | DNF | DNF | DNF | 114 | — | — | DNF |
| Commonwealth Games | Time trial | NH | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | 1 | Not held | Not held | Not held | 8 |
| Commonwealth Games | Road race | NH | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | — | Not held | Not held | Not held | 3 | Not held | Not held | Not held | 11 |
| National Championships | Time trial | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| National Championships | Road race | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 25 | — | — | — | — | 3 | DNF |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |