# Demographics of Equatorial Guinea

Demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

## Population

According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 1,679,172 in 2022. The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 38.73%, 57.35% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.92% was 65 years or older.
| | Total population | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) |
| 1950 | 226 000 | 34.2 | 60.1 | 5.6 |
| 1955 | 238 000 | 35.7 | 59.0 | 5.3 |
| 1960 | 252 000 | 37.0 | 57.9 | 5.0 |
| 1965 | 269 000 | 38.3 | 56.9 | 4.8 |
| 1970 | 291 000 | 38.7 | 56.7 | 4.6 |
| 1975 | 238 000 | 44.8 | 49.8 | 5.4 |
| 1980 | 221 000 | 43.7 | 50.3 | 6.0 |
| 1985 | 313 000 | 34.7 | 60.4 | 4.9 |
| 1990 | 374 000 | 37.7 | 57.8 | 4.5 |
| 1995 | 443 000 | 41.9 | 54.1 | 4.1 |
| 2000 | 520 000 | 42.6 | 53.8 | 3.7 |
| 2005 | 608 000 | 40.5 | 56.2 | 3.2 |
| 2010 | 700 000 | 39.2 | 57.9 | 2.9 |
| 2020 | 836 178 | 38.7 | 57.4 | 3.9 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates or projections based on the 2015 population census.):
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 762 309 | 692 480 | 1 454 789 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 105 834 | 94 783 | 200 617 | 13.79 |
| 5–9 | 95 293 | 87 387 | 182 680 | 12.56 |
| 10–14 | 80 324 | 67 341 | 147 665 | 10.15 |
| 15–19 | 63 880 | 56 442 | 120 321 | 8.27 |
| 20–24 | 55 868 | 55 468 | 111 337 | 7.65 |
| 25–29 | 69 467 | 57 220 | 126 687 | 8.71 |
| 30–34 | 62 193 | 45 737 | 107 930 | 7.42 |
| 35–39 | 51 020 | 37 076 | 88 096 | 6.06 |
| 40–44 | 45 960 | 34 449 | 80 409 | 5.53 |
| 45–49 | 34 786 | 31 335 | 66 121 | 4.55 |
| 50–54 | 32 362 | 31 237 | 63 599 | 4.37 |
| 55–59 | 19 607 | 22 577 | 42 183 | 2.90 |
| 60–64 | 15 812 | 21 214 | 37 026 | 2.55 |
| 65–69 | 10 963 | 13 040 | 24 003 | 1.65 |
| 70–74 | 7 758 | 13 040 | 20 798 | 1.43 |
| 75–79 | 5 987 | 10 121 | 16 108 | 1.11 |
| 80–84 | 2 804 | 7 201 | 10 005 | 0.69 |
| 85+ | 2 393 | 6 812 | 9 205 | 0.63 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 281 451 | 249 511 | 530 962 | 36.50 |
| 15–64 | 450 953 | 392 755 | 843 708 | 58.00 |
| 65+ | 29 905 | 50 214 | 80 119 | 5.51 |

## Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
| 1950–1955 | 9 000 | 7 000 | 2 000 | 40.9 | 30.4 | 10.5 | 5.50 | 196 |
| 1955–1960 | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 40.5 | 28.7 | 11.8 | 5.50 | 186 |
| 1960–1965 | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 40.1 | 26.9 | 13.3 | 5.53 | 176 |
| 1965–1970 | 11 000 | 7 000 | 4 000 | 40.7 | 25.3 | 15.3 | 5.66 | 167 |
| 1970–1975 | 10 000 | 6 000 | 3 000 | 36.8 | 23.7 | 13.1 | 5.68 | 157 |
| 1975–1980 | 8 000 | 5 000 | 2 000 | 32.9 | 22.2 | 10.8 | 5.68 | 149 |
| 1980–1985 | 11 000 | 6 000 | 5 000 | 41.7 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 5.79 | 138 |
| 1985–1990 | 16 000 | 7 000 | 9 000 | 47.4 | 20.4 | 26.9 | 5.89 | 128 |
| 1990–1995 | 18 000 | 8 000 | 11 000 | 45.0 | 18.7 | 26.3 | 5.89 | 118 |
| 1995–2000 | 20 000 | 8 000 | 12 000 | 41.3 | 17.2 | 24.0 | 5.87 | 114 |
| 2000–2005 | 22 000 | 9 000 | 12 000 | 38.4 | 16.3 | 22.1 | 5.64 | 111 |
| 2005–2010 | 24 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 37.3 | 15.1 | 22.2 | 5.36 | 102 |
| * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) |||||||||

### Demographic and Health Surveys

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
| Year | Total | Total | Urban | Urban | Rural | Rural |
| Year | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR |
| 2011 | 36.3 | 5.1 (4.4) | 36.5 | 4.4 (3.8) | 36.0 | 5.9 (5.1) |
Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):
| Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49 |
| Insular | 4.3 | 8.4 | 5.0 |
| Continental | 5.4 | 9.2 | 6.0 |

### Life expectancy

| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
| 1950–1955 | 34.48 |
| 1955–1960 | 35.99 |
| 1960–1965 | 37.49 |
| 1965–1970 | 38.99 |
| 1970–1975 | 40.50 |
| 1975–1980 | 42.04 |
| 1980–1985 | 45.54 |
| 1985–1990 | 47.21 |
| 1990–1995 | 49.35 |
| 1995–2000 | 51.75 |
| 2000–2005 | 53.57 |
| 2005–2010 | 54.93 |
| 2010–2015 | 56.84 |

## Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea :
| Fang | Fang | 85.7% | 85.7% |
| Bubi | Bubi | 6.5% | 6.5% |
| Ndowe (Playeros) | Ndowe (Playeros) | 3.6% | 3.6% |
| Annobonese | Annobonese | 1.6% | 1.6% |
| Other | Other | 1.4% | 1.4% |
| Bujeba | Bujeba | 1.1% | 1.1% |

### Native ethnic groups

The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Niger-Congo origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.
In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as Ndowe or Playeros ("Beach People" in Spanish): Combes, Bujebas, Balengues and Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandino community of Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.
Two small groups of Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign, the former being located in the Altos de Nsork region. Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human.

### Recently immigrated peoples

Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000 Spanish people and 5,000 Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.

## Languages

Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it. Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo for Nigerians; English for Cameroonians and Liberians; French for Cameroonians and Gabonese; and Portuguese for Angolans and Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language. The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.

### Languages of traditional names

Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.

## Religion

    Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)
    Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2010 est.)