OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pararosaniline

Pararosaniline, pararosaniline free base, Basic Red 9, or C.I. 42500 is an organic compound with the formula (H$_2$NC$_6$H$_4$)$_2$C=(C$_6$H$_4$NH). It is the free base form of pararosaniline hydrochloride, [(H$_2$NC$_6$H$_4$)$_3$C]$^+$Cl$^−$, a magenta solid with a variety of uses as a dye. It is one of the four components of basic fuchsine. It is structurally related to other triarylmethane dyes called methyl violets (e.g. crystal violet) which feature methyl groups on nitrogen.
It is prepared by the condensation of aniline and p-aminobenzaldehyde [pt]. Alternatively, it arises from the oxidation of 4,4'-bis(aminophenyl)methane in the presence of aniline.

## Uses

* It is used to dye polyacrylonitrile fibers.
* It is used to detect sulfur dioxide.
* Pararosaniline is used as a colorimetric test for aldehydes, in the Schiff test. It is the only basic fuchsine component suitable for making the aldehyde-fuchsine stain for pancreatic islet beta cells.
* It has use as an antischistosomal.

## Related compounds

* 4,4'-Thiodianiline
* 4,4'-Methylenedianiline
* 4,4'-Oxydianiline
* Dapsone
# The Molecules

The Molecules or Molecules is a band.
Ron Anderson formed the Molecules with Chris Millner and Tom Scandura in 1990, a “hyper-brid” style of music, that combined free improvised noise and notes with tightly arranged angular songs. The trio, led by Ron, became known for its frantic shows and bombastic mixture of prog-rock, no wave, noise and punk.
The Molecules played the local San Francisco Bay Area scene relentlessly, including participation in the Bay Area Second Annual Improvised Music Festival, and performances with Elliott Sharp, Sun City Girls, and locals Caroliner Rainbow, Three Day Stubble, Splatter Trio, and Pluto to name a few. They also opened local shows for the Japanese noise acts Boredoms, Ruins, Zeni Geva, Omieda Hatoba, Melt Banana, Space Streakings, CCCC, and Merzbow.
The Molecules recorded six CDs and toured the United States, Europe and Japan many times.
In 1996 John Shiurba became the third bass player for the group after their Japanese and second bassist Ryo was denied entry back into the United States by U.S. Customs.
After some years of not performing The Molecules did a concert in San Francisco in April 2006 and decided to release a CD of new music and a DVD of past performances. The release date was January 2007, which was followed by a West Coast tour from San Francisco to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on February 7. Starting May 7 a tour of clubs and festivals in Europe, including the Musique Action Festival in Nancy, France and Festival Terra Terma in Cherbourg, France. The Molecules toured Europe again in November 2007 with concerts in Germany, Switzerland and the Music Unlimited Festival, Wels, Austria. The next performance of The Molecules will be in November 2012 in New York City at John Zorn's downtown performance space The Stone.
# Ballads (Paul Bley album)

Ballads is an album by Canadian jazz pianist Paul Bley recorded on March 31 and July 28, 1967 and released on ECM in 1971. The sessions' trios feature rhythm sections Mark Levinson and Barry Altschul on side B, and Gary Peacock and Altschul on side A, respectively.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The AllMusic review by Eugene Chadbourne states:
   Ballads, which really seems to make ballads out of ballads, has been considered both worthy of hanging on the museum wall alongside the other masterpieces and being accorded special merit as the jazz record most used for background music... What all this adds up to, when not shoved to the background of the listener's psyche, is a beautiful sound indeed, this album being one of several that helped establish the entire concept of the divine "ECM sound," despite actually being one of Bley's own productions... Surely it was fun making this album, but it has not proven to be an album that is that much fun to really listen to. Perhaps the music's magic is marred by the excessive echo and pristine recording quality, or maybe the playing is simply pretentious. A decision can be made at the end of the recording, if the listener is still awake.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Annette Peacock

## Personnel
### Musicians
#### March 31, 1967

* Paul Bley – piano
* Mark Levinson – bass
* Barry Altschul – drums

#### July 28, 1967

* Paul Bley – piano
* Gary Peacock – bass
* Barry Altschul – drums

### Technical personnel

* ECM – producer
* B & B Wojirsch – cover design
# Laser-heated pedestal growth

Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique. A narrow region of a crystal is melted with a powerful CO$_2$ or Nd:YAG laser. The laser and hence the floating zone, is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer material solidified behind it. This technique for growing crystals from the melt (liquid/solid phase transition) is used in materials research.

## Advantages

The main advantages of this technique are the high pulling rates (60 times greater than the conventional Czochralski technique) and the possibility of growing materials with very high melting points. In addition, LHPG is a crucible-free technique, which allows single crystals to be grown with high purity and low stress.
The geometric shape of the crystals (the technique can produce small diameters), and the low production cost, make the single-crystal fibers (SCF) produced by LHPG suitable substitutes for bulk crystals in many devices, especially those that use high-melting-point materials. However, single-crystal fibers must have equal or superior optical and structural qualities compared to bulk crystals to substitute for them in technological devices. This can be achieved by carefully controlling the growth conditions.

## Optical elements

Until 1980, laser-heated crystal growth used only two laser beams focused over the source material. This condition generated a high radial thermal gradient in the molten zone, making the process unstable. Increasing the number of beams to four did not solve the problem, although it improved the growth process.
An improvement to the laser-heated crystal growth technique was made by Fejer et al., who incorporated a special optical component known as a reflaxicon, consisting of an inner cone surrounded by a larger coaxial cone section, both with reflecting surfaces. This optical element converts the cylindrical laser beam into a larger diameter hollow cylinder surface. This optical component allows radial distribution of the laser energy over the molten zone, reducing radial thermal gradients. The axial temperature gradient in this technique can go as high as 10000 °C/cm, which is very high when compared to traditional crystal growth techniques (10–100 °C/cm).

## Convection speed

A feature of the LHPG technique is its high convection speed in the liquid phase due to Marangoni convection. It is possible to see that it spins very fast. Even when it appears to be standing still, it is in fact spinning fast on its axis.
# Jennifer Smith (soprano)

Jennifer Smith (born 13 July 1945 in Lisbon, Portugal) graduated from the Conservatório Nacional de Lisboa [pt] and went to London on a Gulbenkian scholarship. Her varied recording career includes opera and recital from baroque to modern. Her ability to sing in European-Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese makes her a specialist in the music of those countries and composers such as Jorge Croner de Vasconcelos [pt], Artur Santos [pt], Heitor Villa-Lobos and Hekel Tavares [pt]. She appeared in Tony Palmer's 1995 television film on Henry Purcell, "England My England". She was professor of vocal studies and French Mélodie at the Royal College of Music, London, from 1997 to 2007. She now lives in Vendée, France. She has two children, singer-songwriter Carmen Smith and author Joseph Smith.

## Sources

* Cummings, David (ed.), "Smith, Jennifer", International Who's Who in Music, Routledge, 2000, p. 602. ISBN 0-948875-53-4
* Hyperion Records, Jennifer Smith (soprano):biography and discography accessed 28 January 2008
* Warrack, John and West, Ewan, "Smith, Jennifer", The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, Oxford University Press, 1996 (accessed online via subscription 28 January 2008)
# WFON

WFON (107.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. The station is owned by RBH Enterprises, Inc.

## History

The station was originally owned by Lola Beckmann, and the original WFON studios were in the building that now houses a Day Care.

## Programming

The station airs all games of the Green Bay Packers as a member of the Packers Radio Network.
# El Salvador at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics

El Salvador competed at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China, from 22 to 30 August 2015.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Natán Rivera | Pole vault | NM | NM | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Beatriz Flamenco | 100 metres hurdles | 14.77 | 37 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Olumide Osoba

Olumide Babatunde Osoba is a Nigerian politician who is currently serving as a member representing the Abeokuta North/Obafemi Owode/Odeda Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. Born on 15 April 1977, he hails from Ogun State and holds a Master’s degree. He was first elected into the House of Assembly in 2007. He was re-elected in 2011, 2019, and again in 2023 under the All Progressives Congress (APC).
# Olubukola Oyewo

Olubukola Oyewo is a Nigerian politician. He served as a member representing Irepodun/Olurunda/sogbo/Orolu Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. Born in 1963, he hails from Osun State. He was elected into the House of Assembly at the 2019 elections under the All Progressives Congress(APC).
# Tasir Raji

Tasir Wale Raji is a Nigerian politician. He is currently serving as a member representing Epe Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. Born on 12 December 1955, he hails from Lagos State and holds a Master's degree in Engineering. He was first elected into the House of Assembly at the 2015 elections, re-elected in 2019, and again in 2023 under the All Progressives Congress(APC).
# Oluyemi Adewale Taiwo

Oluyemi Adewale Taiwo is a Nigerian politician who served as a member representing the Ibarapa East/Ido Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. Born in 1968, he hails from Oyo State. He was elected into the House of Assembly at the 2019 elections under the All Progressives Congress (APC).
# Amiruddin Tukur

Amiruddin Tukur is a Nigerian politician. He has represented the Bakori / Danja Federal Constituency of Katsina State in the House of Representatives during the 8th and 9th National Assemblies, from 2015 to 2023. He is a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
# Richard Kolitsch

Richard Kolitsch (24 October 1989 – 23 May 2014) was a German football midfielder who played for FC Carl Zeiss Jena II.

## Career

He began his career in the youth team of FV Dresden-Nord, before he moved to FC Carl Zeiss Jena in January 2007.
Kolitsch was under manager Henning Bürger promoted to first team on the last but one matchday in the 2007–08 season. He made his debut on matchday 33 against 1. FC Kaiserslautern after substitution in the halftime.

## Personal life

His father Uwe Kolitsch is former professional player of SpVgg Erkenschwick.
# Seascale railway station

Seascale is a railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. The station, situated 33+1⁄4 miles (54 km) north-west of Barrow-in-Furness, serves the village of Seascale in Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

## History

The station was opened on 19 July 1849 as Seascale for Gosforth when the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway opened the line between Whitehaven Newtown and Ravenglass.
Originally the station had one platform on the inland side of a passing loop in the otherwise single track railway, there was a single siding with a crane and a small building.
The station was renamed in 1866 to Seascale for Gosforth and Wastwater, although there are instances of the older, shorter, name being used in some publications. By 1899 the line had been doubled and the station had two main platforms and a bay, the station building was larger, there was a goods yard to the south east able to accommodate most types of goods including live stock and was equipped with a three-ton crane.
At least one camping coach was positioned here by the London Midland Region from 1955 to 1971, from 1964 to 1969 there were two, including two Pullman type coaches in 1967 only. The station was renamed in 1955 to Seascale.

## Facilities

There are train shelters, passenger information displays and seating on each side but the station is not staffed (though it is one of the few mandatory stops on the route); a ticket machine has now been installed by Northern to allow passengers to buy before boarding the train. Access to the platforms is step-free on both sides, but the low platforms make the station unsuitable for mobility-impaired users without assistance (a Harrington Hump has been installed here to improve accessibility).
The views are of St Bees Head and across the Solway Firth towards southern Scotland (to the north), Seascale village (to the east and south) and the Isle of Man (to the west).

## Services

Northern Trains Route 6 :
vte :
Cumbrian Coast, Furness & Windermere lines :
Braystones & Nethertown are request stops. :
Since the May 2018 timetable change, a basic hourly service (with some shorter intervals) runs through the day until mid-evening. A Sunday service also now operates (seven northbound, nine southbound) - the first time such a service has run since May 1976.
# Robert Nikolic

Robert Nikolic (born 1 August 1968) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender. He spent four seasons in the Bundesliga with Borussia Dortmund and 1. FSV Mainz 05, notably spending 13 years out of the top flight before making a return.

## Honours

Borussia Dortmund
* DFB-Pokal: 1988–89
# Murtala Muhammad Kadage

Murtala Muhammad Kadage is a Nigerian politician who currently serves as the representative for the Garko constituency at the Kano State House of Assembly.
# Robin Udegbe

Robin Udegbe (born 20 March 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for KFC Uerdingen 05.

## Career

On 20 July 2020, Udegbe was released by KFC Uerdingen 05.

## Personal life

He is of Nigerian descent and he expressed his wish to represent Nigeria.
# Susan Link

Susan Link (born 19 November 1979, in Pößneck) is a German journalist.

## Life

Link studied the German language at University of Wuppertal. Since 1998 she worked for German radio station Radio Wuppertal in Northrhine-Westphalia. From 2002 to 2011 she worked for German radio Radio NRW. Since 2011 she is moderator at German television programme ARD Morgenmagazin at German broadcaster ARD.
Link works as journalist for German broadcaster ARD. Since January 2017 to 2019 she was talk show guest of MDR talkshow Riverboat at broadcaster MDR with Kim Fisher [de]. Since July 2017 she is talk show guest together with Micky Beisenherz at Kölner Treff [de] on broadcaster WDR. Since 2023 she is part of moderator team of Presseclub together with Jörg Schönenborn [de] and Ellen Ehni.
Link is married and has one son. She lives with her family in Cologne.
# Roland Bergkamp

Roland Adrianus Martinus Bergkamp (born 3 April 1991) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career

Bergkamp began his career on youth side with Excelsior and was promoted to the senior team. He made his professional debut in the Jupiler League on 14 August 2009 against FC Den Bosch and in the Eredivisie on 15 August 2010 against Feyenoord Rotterdam.
On 1 July 2011, having rejected a new contract at Excelsior, Bergkamp signed for newly promoted Championship side Brighton & Hove Albion on a two-year deal, for an undisclosed fee.
On 17 November 2011, Bergkamp signed for League One side Rochdale on an initial six-week loan deal. Bergkamp made his debut in a 1–0 away win at Preston on 19 November 2011.
During the summer of 2012, Bergkamp signed a loan deal at Eredivisie side VVV-Venlo for the remainder of the 12/13 season. He made his debut in a 2–2 draw against NEC Nijmegen.
After failing to make an appearance for Brighton, Bergkamp was released on 21 May 2013.
Bergkamp returned to Rotterdam in summer 2015, when he signed for Sparta after a successful stint at FC Emmen.
After a two-year stint at RKC Waalwijk, Bergkamp moved to VV Katwijk where he retired in April 2020.

## International career

Bergkamp earned his first call-up for the Netherlands U21 national team for a friendly game against Germany U21 and made in the game on 25 March 2011 his debut.

## Personal life

Roland is the nephew of former Ajax, Inter Milan and Arsenal striker Dennis Bergkamp. His father Ad Bergkamp is currently an orthopedic oncologist at his former club Excelsior Rotterdam.

## Honours

Sparta Rotterdam
* Eerste Divisie: 2015–16
# Malvinas 2032

Malvinas 2032 is a video game developed and published by Sabarasa Entertainment.

## Plot and gameplay

The player takes control of Argentinian forces and tries to take back the Falkland Islands from Britain. It takes place in 2032, on the 50th anniversary of the Falklands War.

## Development

Javier Otaegui serves as the project lead. In 1996 he read in the local newspaper that Conde Entertainment Software had just won an international prize for real-time strategy Regnum, the first Argentinian CD release which sold over 10,000 copies. Otaegui was inspired by this moment, later recalling that he thought "If someone has already made a game in Argentina, maybe I can do the same". The game took three years of development and led to Otaegui starting his own company, Sabarasa. He considered it a "tribute" to the combatants killed in the war.
The game's development began in March 1996, taking around 3.5 years to complete. During that time the team created their gaming engine and converted it from DOS to DirectX.
GarageDeveloper International published the game in English.

## Release

In March 2001, LeTemps announced the game was to be released in English in the next few weeks.

## Critical reception

Idnes gave it a scathing review. Absolute Games felt the title had no redeeming qualities. JDeJuegos argues it's the first and only attempt from the Argentinian video gaming industry to create an RTS.

## Legacy

Its legacy is in being one of the first Argentinian video gaming successes, alongside contemporary titles such as Yo, Matías, and Argentum Online.
# Battle of Sangarará

The Battle of Sangarará was fought on November 18, 1780 in Sangarará, Viceroyalty of Peru, between rebel forces under Túpac Amaru II and Spanish colonial forces under Tiburcio Landa. Túpac Amaru II's forces won decisively.

## Background

The Battle of Sangarará took place nine days after the execution of Antonio de Arriaga, the corregidor of Tinta. Sangarará was the first major conflict between Spanish and rebel forces in the Rebellion of Túpac Amaru. Following the capture of Quiquijana, which had been abandoned by its corregidor, on November 12, 1780, meetings were held in Cuzco to establish a war council. Forces consisting of 800 from surrounding areas were combined with volunteers and militia from Cuzco and were organized under Tiburcio Landa. They arrived in Sangarará on the night of November 17 and based themselves in the town's church. The expectation of the arrival of a snowstorm may have influenced the Spanish decision to fortify the church in addition to strategic reasons.

## Battle

In the morning hours of November 18, the rebel forces occupied nearby hills and surrounded the church. Sympathetic historical accounts outline Túpac Amaru II's request that Creoles, women, and children be allowed to leave the church before the attack. The rebels began attacking the Spanish with slingshots until the church caught fire, either through arson by Túpac Amaru II or through the sudden spark of Spanish gunpowder. The Spanish fled the church and were routed by the surrounding forces, who were armed with only spears and slings. Spanish troops had brought cannons with them, but they were rendered ineffective by the walls of the church. Historical casualty estimates for the Spanish ranged from 300 to 576. Estimates for rebel casualties number only 15 killed and 30 wounded.

## Aftermath

Túpac Amaru II's decisive victory helped to boost his support among Indians and gained him Spanish arms. It also helped to create fear among the Spanish in the area, although Spanish colonial officials used the violent nature of the battle in propaganda against the rebels. The Bishop of Cuzco excommunicated Túpac Amaru II from the church for the destruction of the church in Sangarará. The violent, anti-religious portrayals of the rebel leadership helped to limit support from Creoles and Mestizos. Following the battle, the rebels solidified their hold on the outside areas instead of attacking Cuzco, going against the advice of fellow commander (and Túpac Amaru II's wife) Micaela Bastidas.
# Drigg railway station

Drigg is a railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. The station, situated 31 miles (50 km) north-west of Barrow-in-Furness, serves the villages of Drigg and Holmrook in Cumbria. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
The station is unstaffed, but the main station building still stands and is in private commercial use as a cafe and craft shop.
At the south end of the station is a level crossing with manually-operated gates, controlled from the adjacent signal box. There is step-free access to each platform, however the platforms are lower than the standard ones and are therefore not suitable for mobility-impaired passengers.
Waiting shelters and timetable posters are located on each side of the track, train running information for the station can also obtained by telephone. A ticket machine and digital information screens were installed by operator Northern in 2019, so passengers can now purchase tickets before boarding the train.
A short distance from the station, heavy secured sidings take special trains carrying nuclear materials from the Sellafield nuclear site (which is located close by) to the Low Level Waste Repository where the material is buried. Paul Merton visited the station en route to the Repository in the first episode of his 2016 travel documentary Paul Merton's Secret Stations.

## Services

Northern Trains Route 6 :
vte :
Cumbrian Coast, Furness & Windermere lines :
Braystones & Nethertown are request stops. :
There is an hourly service southbound to Barrow-in-Furness and northbound to Whitehaven, Workington and Carlisle for much of the day (with slightly longer gaps mid-morning and in the late afternoon). A few through trains continue south of Barrow-in-Furness along the Furness Line to Lancaster.
There is no service after 21:00 each evening, but a Sunday service was introduced with the May 2018 timetable change and is still in operation. Seven northbound and nine southbound trains call if required.