OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thousand-Buddha Cliff (Guangyuan)

Guangyuan Thousand-Buddha Cliff is located 4km north of the Guangyuan city, on the eastern bank of the Jialing River.
The carving of Buddha statues on the cliff began during the late Northern Wei period and continued through subsequent dynasties, with the majority of the carvings made during the Tang Dynasty. No new carvings were added after the Qing Dynasty. The carvings are distributed along the eastern bank of the Jialing River, spanning 417 meters from north to south, reaching a height of more than 40 meters. As of today, 848 niches remain, containing over 7,000 statues.

## History

During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Buddhism reached its height in China and spread to Sichuan. After the Jianmen Shudao plank road was built, Guangyuan became a transportation hub and one of the key gateways for Buddhist art in Sichuan. Construction began in the Northern Wei period, by the plank road on the cliff. Carving caves and creating statues near strategically important transportation routes is a common method used by Buddhism for propagation.
Shortly after the founding of the Tang Dynasty in 618, Emperor Gaozu strengthened his control over Sichuan, which facilitated increased communication between Ba Shu and Zhongyuan. This led to an increase in carving activities. The 7th century and the first half of the 8th century marked the peak of carving activities in Guangyuan. The close relationship between Empress Wu Zetian and Guangyuan further inspired local residents to build Buddhist statues. Many local officials, as well as those passing through the region, contributed to the carving of these effigies. This period represents the zenith of Tang Dynasty Buddhist sculpture at the Thousand-Buddha Cliff.
In 1854, there were more than 17,000 statues on the cliff, along with large amounts of inscriptions carved alongside the statues.
From 1935 to 1936, the building of Sichuan - Shaanxi road severely damaged the lower part of the cliff, destroying more than half of the caves. Only around 7,000 statues remain after that. In December 1939, four researchers from Society for the Study of Chinese Architecture examined the damage. Liang Sicheng, one of the researchers, wrote a letter to the then Minister of Communications Chang Kia-ngau, urging him to protect the relic. This prevented further damage to the cliff.
On August 16, 1956, it was listed as the first batch of Sichuan Provincial Historical and Revolutionary Relic Sites. On March 4, 1961, the Thousand-Buddha Cliff in Guangyuan were announced by the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics. On July 7, 1980, it was listed as the first batch of Sichuan Cultural Protection Sites.
# Huh Chin-kyu

Huh Chin-kyu (Korean: 허진규; Hanja: 許鎭奎; born December 1, 1940) is a billionaire South Korean businessman, and the founder and chairman of ILJIN Group.

## Early life

Huh was born on December 1, 1940, in India, Zenrahoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan. He earned a bachelor's degree in material sciences and engineering from Seoul National University.

## Career

Huh founded ILJIN Electricity Industry Inc. in 1967.
In July 2018, his net worth was estimated at US$1.1 billion.
Huh is the vice chairman of the Korea International Trade Association. He has an honorary doctorate from Cheon-Book University.

## Personal life

His eldest son Huh Jung-suk joined Iljin Group in 2002 as a director and became the president and CEO of Iljin Holdings in 2007, and is the co-CEO of Iljin Electric. His second-eldest son, Huh Jae-myung, is president and CEO of Iljin Copper Foil.

## Awards

* 1996: Inchon Award
# Copelatus lineatipennis

Copelatus lineatipennis is a species of diving beetle. It is part of the genus Copelatus in the subfamily Copelatinae of the family Dytiscidae. It was described by Félix Guignot in 1955.
# Belém, Alagoas

Belém is a municipality located in the center of the Brazilian state of Alagoas. Its population is 4,284 (2020) and its area is 48 km$^2$.
# Belmont, Northwich

Belmont is a ward and south eastern suburb of Northwich in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester in Cheshire, England. It had a population of 324.

## History

Belmont is an outlying suburb of the town of Northwich, and lies between Broken Cross, Northwich and Rudheath. The suburb consists of mostly residential estates, parks, woodlands and through roads. The nearest amenities are in Rudheath and Northwich.

## Demographics

The suburb had a recorded population of 324.
# Wing fence

Wing fences, also known as boundary layer fences and potential fences are fixed aerodynamic devices attached to aircraft wings. Often seen on swept-wing aircraft, wing fences are flat plates fixed to the upper surfaces parallel to the wing chord and in line with the free stream airflow, typically wrapping around the leading edge. By obstructing span-wise airflow along the wing, they prevent the entire wing from stalling at once, as opposed to wingtip devices, which increase aerodynamic efficiency by seeking to recover wing vortex energy.
As a swept-wing aircraft slows toward the stall speed of the wing, the angle of the leading edge forces some of the airflow sidewise, toward the wing tip. This process is progressive: airflow near the middle of the wing is affected not only by the leading edge angle, but also the spanwise airflow from the wing root. At the wing tip the airflow can end up being almost all spanwise, as opposed to front-to-back over the wing, meaning that the effective airspeed drops well below the stall. Because the geometry of swept wings typically places the wingtips of an aircraft aft of its center of gravity, lift generated at the wingtips tends to create a nose-down pitching moment. When the wingtips stall, both the lift and the associated nose-down pitching moment rapidly diminish. The loss of the nose-down pitching moment leaves the previously balanced aircraft with a net nose-up pitching moment. This forces the nose of the aircraft up, increasing the angle of attack and leading to stall over a greater portion of the wing. The result is a rapid and powerful pitch-up followed by a complete stall, a difficult situation for a pilot to recover from. The "Sabre dance" (which caused many F-100 Super Sabres to crash) is a notable example of this behavior.
Wing fences delay, or eliminate, these effects by preventing the spanwise flow from moving too far along the wing and gaining speed. When meeting the fence, the air is directed back over the wing surface. Similar solutions included a notch or dogtooth in the leading edge, as seen on the Avro Arrow, or the use of slats, as on the earlier versions of the F-86. Slats can act as fences directly, in the form of their actuators, but also reduce the problem by improving the angle of attack response of the wing and moving the stall point to a lower speed.
Although wing fences over the wing have been known in the UK since 1914, probably due to the RAF's spin research program begun as early as 1912, the invention of the fences is often attributed to German aerodynamicist Liebe of Messerschmitt, with a patent application in 1938.
By 1947, after the introduction of subsonic swept wings, fences independently implemented in the USSR and the US: Lavochkin La-160, Mikoyan MiG-15, Northrop YB-49, McDonnell XF-85. But in the USSR such fences were used more often and for the longest time, they were made large and numerous: from MiG-15 to MiG-25, from Tu-128 to Tu-160, from Su-7 to Su-22.
# Jakob Grün

Jakob Moritz Grün (Hungarian: Grün Jakab; 13 March 1837 – 1 October 1916) was an Austrian violinist of Hungarian origin. After positions as principal violinist in the court orchestras of Weimar and Hannover, he was, from 1868 to 1897, concertmaster of the Vienna Court Opera Orchestra. He taught notable players at the Vienna Conservatory from 1877 to 1908, including 20 future orchestra members, as well as Carl Flesch and Franz Kneisel.

## Life

Born in Pest, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire, Grün received his first music lessons there and then studied violin privately with Joseph Böhm in Vienna. He studied music with Moritz Hauptmann at the Leipziger Conservatorium der Musik.
From 1858 to 1861, Grün was principal violinist of the Hofkapelle in Weimar. In 1861, Joseph Joachim called him to the Hofkapelle zu Hannover, planning for a permanent engagement. When Grün, in 1864, was not granted a permanent position with a pension because he was Jewish, Joachim quit the orchestra in solidarity. Grün remained until 1865, with a title of Kammervirtuose but without a pension. From 1865, Grün toured as a soloist in Germany, Holland and England for two years.
On 1 October 1868 he became second concertmaster of the Imperial and Royal Vienna Court Opera Orchestra (later: Vienna Philharmonic) and remained a member of the orchestra until 1897, while the first concertmaster was Josef Hellmesberger. Grün liked to play solos standing, a tradition he knew from Hungary, though he suffered from stage-fright when playing solo, which impeded his career as a soloist. From 1877 to 1908, he was also a teacher at the Vienna Conservatory and trained an entire generation in the tradition of the Viennese violin school. Twenty of his students would become members of the Philharmonic, including concertmasters Julius Stwertka [de] and Franz Mairecker, and principal violists Franz Jelinek and Karl Freith. He also taught Carl Flesch, Rosa Hochmann, Franz Kneisel, Hans Wessely and Max Weißgärber.
Grün's flat was located in Heugasse 18 (today Prinz-Eugen-Straße) in Wieden.
Grün died in Baden near Vienna at the age of 79. His grave is in the Vienna Central Cemetery.

## Awards

* Knight's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph
* Cross of Merit (Austria-Hungary)
* Medal bene merenti [de] from Romania
* Honorary member of the Wiener Tonkünstler-Orchester
# MN-25

MN-25 (UR-12) is a drug invented by Bristol-Myers Squibb, that acts as a reasonably selective agonist of peripheral cannabinoid receptors. It has moderate affinity for CB$_2$ receptors with a K$_i$ of 11 nM, but 22x lower affinity for the psychoactive CB$_1$ receptors with a K$_i$ of 245 nM. The indole 2-methyl derivative has the ratio of affinities reversed however, with a K$_i$ of 8 nM at CB$_1$ and 29 nM at CB$_2$, which contrasts with the usual trend of 2-methyl derivatives having increased selectivity for CB$_2$ (cf. JWH-018 vs JWH-007, JWH-081 vs JWH-098).
Chemically, it is closely related to another indole-3-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid, Org 28611, but with a different cycloalkyl substitution on the carboxamide, and the cyclohexylmethyl group replaced by morpholinylethyl, as in JWH-200 or A-796,260. Early compounds such as these have subsequently led to the development of many related indole-3-carboxamide cannabinoid ligands.
# 1898 Narrabri colonial by-election

The 1898 Narrabri colonial by-election was held on 3 June 1898 to elect the member for Narrabri in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, following the death of Free Trade MP Charles Collins. The vote was held on the same day as a by-election in Sydney-Fitzroy and a statewide referendum on the subject of federation.
The by-election was won by Labour Electoral League candidate Hugh Ross with 32.8% of the vote. He retained the seat 54 days later at the New South Wales colonial election on 27 July 1898.

## Key dates

* 12 April 1898 – Charles Collins died
* 2 May 1898 – Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
* 13 May 1898 – Candidate nominations
* 3 June 1898 – Election day
* 10 June 1898 – Return of writ

## Result

1898 Narrabri by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Hugh Ross | 382 | 32.8 | −3.0 |
| | Protectionist | George Dale | 357 | 30.7 | +30.7 |
| | Protectionist | Robert Barton | 198 | 17.0 | +17.0 |
| | Free Trade | Gulielmus Williams | 141 | 12.1 | +12.1 |
| | Free Trade | Thomas McGee | 86 | 7.4 | +7.4 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 1,164 | 100.0 | +0.3 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 0 | 0.0 | −0.3 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,164 | 60.4 | +4.8 |
| | Labour gain from Free Trade | Labour gain from Free Trade | | | |
# FUBIMINA

FUBIMINA (also known as BIM-2201, BZ-2201 and FTHJ) is a synthetic cannabinoid that is the benzimidazole analog of AM-2201 and has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products. It was first identified in Japan in 2013, alongside MEPIRAPIM.
FUBIMINA acts as a reasonably potent agonist for the CB$_2$ receptor (K$_i$ = 23.45 nM), with 12x selectivity over CB$_1$ (K$_i$ = 296.1 nM), and does not fully substitute for Δ$^9$-THC in rat discrimination studies.
Related benzimidazole derivatives have been reported to be highly selective agonists for the CB$_2$ receptor.
# Jessica Lord

Jessica Jane Lord (born 29 July 1998) is an English actress and dancer. She is known for her roles as Lola in the fifth series of the Family series The Next Step (2017) and Lena Grisky in the Hulu series Find Me in Paris (2018–2020).

## Early life

Jessica Lord was born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester. When she was six, her family relocated to Toronto, Canada. She attended high school at O'Neill Collegiate and Vocational Institute in Oshawa, specialising in dance. She later attended the Centennial College Theatre Arts and Performance.

## Career

In 2015, Lord made her onscreen debut as a dancer in four episodes of The Next Step. Then in 2017, she became a series regular on the fifth series of The Next Step as Lola. In 2018, Lord was cast in the Hulu series Find Me in Paris as Lena Grisky, a role she portrayed until the series ended in 2020. In 2019, she appeared in an episode of Ransom, and in 2020, she made an appearance in the pilot episode of Party of Five.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2015 | The Next Step | Jessica | 4 episodes (series 3) |
| 2016 | Paranormal Witness | Marnie | Episode: "The Contract" |
| 2017 | The Next Step | Lola | Main role (series 5) |
| 2018–2020 | Find Me in Paris | Lena Grisky | Main role |
| 2019 | Ransom | Tatiana | Episode: "Prima" |
| 2020 | Party of Five | Alice | Episode: "Pilot" |
| 2023 | Binged to Death | Sienna | Film |
| 2024 | Murder at Hollow Creek | Jessica Rhodes | Film |
| 2024 | The Real Bros of Simi Valley: The Movie | Ventura | Film |
| 2024 | Christmas in the Spotlight | Bowyn Sykes | Film |
# Chlordimeform

Chlordimeform is an acaricide (pesticide) active mainly against motile forms of mites and ticks and against eggs and early instars of some Lepidoptera insects. After the International Agency for Research on Cancer reported sufficient evidence that its major metabolite, 4-chloro-o-toluidine, was a carcinogen, its use has ceased and its registration has been withdrawn in most countries.
# O-774

O-774 is a classical cannabinoid derivative which acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with a K$_i$ of 0.6 nM at CB$_1$, and very potent cannabinoid effects in animal studies.
# Bruinsmia styracoides

Bruinsmia styracoides is a large tree of tropical Asia in the family Styracaceae. The specific epithet styracoides refers to the tree's resemblance to Styrax officinalis.

## Description

Bruinsmia styracoides grows up to 45 m (150 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m (7 ft) and a large, spreading crown. The grey to grey-brown bark is smooth, fissuring with age. The calyx is cup-shaped with yellow corolla lobes. The dark green fruits are pear-shaped to roundish and measure up to 1 cm (0.4 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Bruinsmia styracoides is native to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, the Philippines and New Guinea. Its habitat is forests at elevation of 450 to 2,000 m (1,500 to 6,600 ft).
# AMG-3

AMG-3 (part of the AM cannabinoid series) is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid agonist. It is a derivative of Δ$^8$-THC substituted with a dithiolane group on the 3-position side chain. AMG-3 is a potent agonist at both CB$_1$ and CB$_2$ receptors with a K$_i$ of 0.32 nM at CB$_1$ and 0.52 nM at CB$_2$, and its particularly high binding affinity has led to it being used as a template for further structural development of novel cannabinoid drugs. It has sedative and analgesic effects, with analgesia lasting for up to 36 hours after administration.
# Auramine O

Auramine O is a diarylmethane dye used as a fluorescent stain. In its pure form, Auramine O appears as yellow needle crystals. It is insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol and DMSO.
Auramine O can be used to stain acid-fast bacteria (e.g. Mycobacterium, where it binds to the mycolic acid in its cell wall) in a way similar to Ziehl–Neelsen stain. It can also be used as a fluorescent version of the Schiff reagent.
Auramine O can be used together with Rhodamine B as the Truant auramine-rhodamine stain for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can be also used as an antiseptic agent.
# Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-10-THC, Δ$^{10}$-THC, alternatively numbered as Δ$^2$-THC) is a positional isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol, discovered in the 1980s. Two epimers have been reported in the literature, with the 9-methyl group in either the (R) or (S) conformation; of these, the (R) epimer appears to be the more active isomer as well as the double bond in the 10th position instead of the 9th maintaining about 30 to 40 percent the potency of delta-9-THC. Δ$^{10}$-THC has rarely been reported as a trace component of natural cannabis, though it is thought to be a degradation product similar to cannabinol rather than being produced by the plant directly. However, it is found more commonly as an impurity in synthetic delta-8-THC produced from cannabidiol and can also be synthesized directly from delta-9-THC.
# Lielvārde

Lielvārde (pronunciation; German: Lennewarden), population 5885, is a town in Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the right bank of the Daugava river, 52 km southeast of Riga.

## History

The area was a contact zone between the Finnic Livonians and the Balts, and many prehistoric artifacts have been uncovered there. A Baltic hill-fort named Lennewarden being taken in fief by Albert of Buxhoeveden in 1201 is mentioned in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. This site is called Dievukalns (Hill of the Gods) in Latvian. A stone castle was constructed by the Riga diocese in 1229; its ruins are still accessible today.
A parochial school was established when the area was part of Swedish Livonia, but ca. 70% of the population perished in the Great Plague of 1710. The opening of the Riga–Daugavpils Railway in 1861 led to the expansion of the town around the railway station Ringmundhofa later named Rembate. The town was entirely destroyed in World War I but was swiftly rebuilt after Latvia achieved independence.
After the occupation of Latvia and its incorporation into the Soviet Union as the Latvian SSR, Edgars Kauliņš (1903–1979), the local Communist Party secretary, was able to save all of the farmers in the district from deportation during the period of forced collectivization, declaring that there were no kulaks in the area and he would rather be deported himself. In 1948 Kauliņš became the founding chairman of the kolkhoz Lāčplēsis ("The Bear Slayer"), now part of Lielvārde. The kolkhoz became famous for its beer, still brewed by AS Lāčplēša alus, part of the Scandinavian Royal Unibrew brewing group since 2005. Beer is no longer brewed in Lielvārde, the company has only kept the brand. Lielvārde air base was built by the Soviets in 1970; the largest in the Baltic States, it was taken over by the Latvian Air Force in 1994.

## Cultural traditions

Lielvārde is renowned as the area that inspired the prominent Latvian poets Auseklis and Andrejs Pumpurs, author of the epic Lāčplēsis (The Bear Slayer, 1888), and for the Lielvārdes josta, a traditional woven belt with 22 ancient symbols. Portions of the belt's design are featured on Latvian banknotes, and its symbolism has inspired many artists and folklore enthusiasts, especially those associated with the pagan revival, dievturība.

## Schools

* Edgara Kauliņa Lielvārdes Vidusskola
* Lielvārdes Pamatskola
* PII Pūt Vējiņi
# San Vicente del Raspeig / Sant Vicent del Raspeig

San Vicente del Raspeig (Spanish) or Sant Vicent del Raspeig (Valencian), or simply San Vicente / Sant Vicent, is a municipality located in the comarca of Alacantí, in the province of Alicante, Spain, inside the conurbation of Alicante city (6 km away and connected by bus routes and tram).
It has an area of 40.5 km² and according to the 2007 census, a total population of 55.434 inhabitants, with a large student population because it contains part of the University of Alicante (Universitat d'Alacant), a major educational institution.
The town was founded in 1836 with the motto sequet però sanet ("dry but healthy"), but it was not considered a municipality until 1848.
There are two important festivals every year: the Bonfires called Fogueres de Sant Vicent in July, and the festival of Moros i Cristians in late April.
The city has many quarries of limestone that enable the existence of cement factories.

## Notable people

* Juanma Acevedo, footballer

## Twin towns

San Vicente del Raspeig is twinned with:
* L'Isle-d'Abeau, France
# Early Morning (song)

"Early Morning" is a song by Norwegian band A-ha, which was released in 1991 as the third single from their fourth studio album, East of the Sun, West of the Moon (1990). It was written by Paul Waaktaar-Savoy and Magne Furuholmen, and produced by Ian Stanley. "Early Morning" reached number 78 in the United Kingdom and number 29 in Ireland. A music video was filmed to promote the single, directed by Michael Burlingame, while the video's black-and-white footage was directed by Lauren Savoy.
Recalling the song in 2015, Furuholmen revealed it references the Doors, who had been "childhood heroes" to the band.

## Critical reception

Upon its release as a single, Music & Media wrote, "The band continue their brand of easy recognisable pop tunes which EHR programmers will welcome with open arms." Julian Cope of NME picked "Early Morning" as one of the magazine's "single[s] of the week" and commented that it "could be from the second Doors album". Derry Journal remarked that A-ha had, despite releasing "some extremely dodgy records in the past", "this time around put a record out that is definitely worth the critical acclaim they have received" and added, "Should be a hit if there [are] still any A-ha fans about." In a retrospective review of East of the Sun, West of the Moon, Sassan Niasseri of Rolling Stone said the song "tells of murder and suicide, backed by a psychedelic-sounding bass drumming a la The Doors." Paul Sinclair of Super Deluxe Edition described it as "wistful adult pop".

## Track listings

* 7-inch and cassette single
* "Early Morning" – 2:59
* "East of the Sun" – 4:47
* CD and 12-inch single
* "Early Morning" – 2:59
* "East of the Sun" – 4:47
* "Train of Thought" – 4:11

## Personnel

A-ha
* Morten Harket – vocals
* Paul Waaktaar-Savoy – guitars
* Magne Furuholmen – keyboards
Additional musicians
* Jørun Bøgeberg – bass guitar
* Per Hillestad – drums
Production
* Ian Stanley – producer
* Nick Davis – recording, mixing
Other
* Knut Bry – photography
* Bill Smith Studio – design

## Charts

Chart performance for "Early Morning" :
| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Germany (GfK) | 52 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 29 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 78 |