OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Stock Market Game

The Stock Market Game is an economic strategy game involving negotiation designed by Thomas N. Shaw and published in 1970 by Avalon Hill. Players buy and sell five different stocks and bonds of fluctuating prices within timed rounds to ultimately become the richest player.

## Gameplay

The Stock Market Game is played on a board with three charts – the Quote Board detailing share prices, a Turns Chart recording the number of turns played, and a Trading Post listing the five securities that can be bought or sold – and a deck of Market Trend Cards. Market Trend Cards are either Bull (increased), Bear (decreased), or Mixed, and have different price changes depending on the net difference of shares bought and sold. One player acts as the broker, processing transactions between players and the bank.
Each round, players simultaneously have one minute to decide which shares each want to buy and sell, done by placing markers on the Trading Post next to the security. An egg timer included with the game is used to time each round. Following this, the broker completes all the purchases and sales indicated with markers by paying cash to or taking cash from each player accordingly. Lastly, a Market Trend Card is drawn, which alters share prices based on the amount bought and sold. Play continues using the new prices.
There are twelve rounds and the winner is the player with the most money by the end.

### Alternate versions

The Stock Market Game includes four different versions, three of which are variations on the most basic ruleset, known as "Game I". "Game II" allows players to buy on margin and sell short, buy risky stock at a discount using warrants, and convert preferred assets into a blue chip stock. "Game III" or "Solitaire" is a single-player version which pits a player against the public. "Game IV" or "1929" simulates the Wall Street crash of 1929 based on the Dow Jones averages of the time.

## Reception

Writing for Issue 50 of Games & Puzzles, Steve Jackson criticized its lack of economic realism and its reliance on luck-based gameplay, concluding that "all in all, the whole thing is a bit tedious – I can't understand why the game has survived so long." Don Turnbull, in his gaming magazine Albion, described The Stock Market Game as "an intriguing little game and excellent play value," praising its simple rules and different versions. In The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games, Jon Freeman heavily compared the game to Stocks & Bonds, also stating that "[The Stock Market Game] at times allows players too great a control over the total market" and strongly criticizing the 1929 "crash" version for its lack of historical understanding. Writing for Issue 4 of Moves, Martin Campion described the game as "undoubtedly the best of several stock market games I have seen," praising it for its strategy and many alternate rules and versions. Chicago Today called the game "an outstanding product of its times."

## Reviews

* The Guide to simulations/games for education and training
# Dilham

Dilham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk.
The village is located 4.3 miles (6.9 km) south-east of North Walsham and 12 miles (19 km) north-east of Norwich, along the course of the River Ant.

## History

Dilham's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin, and derives from the Old English for a farmstead or homestead with an abundance of dill.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Dilham is listed as a settlement of 23 households in the hundred of Tunstead. In 1086, the village was divided between the estates of Alan of Brittany, Robert Malet, Roger Bigod and St Benet's Abbey.
Nearby Dilham Castle was built in the fifteenth century as a fortified manor house for Sir Henry Inglose; all that remains of the castle is the Grade II listed tower currently attached to Hall Farm.
During the Second World War, the North Walsham and Dilham Canal was designated as a line of defence against a possible German invasion which meant that bunkers, barbed wire and mortar-emplacements were built in the parish.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census, Dilham has a population of 331 people which shows a small increase from the 319 people recorded in the 2011 census.
Dilham marks the limit of Broads navigation for larger boats, but smaller boats can continue on the North Walsham and Dilham Canal until Honing.

## St. Nicholas' Church

Dilham's parish church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and was re-built in the 1930s. St. Nicholas' is located outside of the village on Church Road.

## Governance

Dilham is part of the electoral ward of Hoveton & Tunstead for local elections and is part of the district of North Norfolk.
The village's national constituency is North Norfolk, which has been represented by the Liberal Democrat Steff Aquarone MP since 2024.

## War Memorial

Dilham's war memorials are two marble plaques inside St. Nicholas' Church. The memorials list the following names for the First World War:
| Rank | Name | Unit | Date of Death | Burial/Commemoration |
| Lt. | William J. Faulke | 9th Bn., Norfolk Regiment | 21 Mar. 1918 | Arras Memorial |
| LCpl. | Harold Fiske | 2nd Bn., Essex Regiment | 15 Jul. 1918 | Niederzwehren Cemetery |
| Pte. | Frederick W. Durrant | 7th Bn., Border Regiment | 20 Nov. 1917 | Tyne Cot |
| Pte. | Arthur Morter | 1st Bn., Essex Regiment | 13 Aug. 1915 | Helles Memorial |
| Pte. | Sidney Morter | 1st Bn., Essex Regt. | 13 Aug. 1915 | Helles Memorial |
| Pte. | Lawson J. Dewing | 29th Bn., Middlesex Regiment | 25 Feb. 1919 | St. Nicholas' Churchyard |
And, the following for the Second World War:
| Rank | Name | Unit | Date of Death | Burial |
| Bdr. | Gilbert Hannant | 1st Regt., Royal Horse Artillery | 29 May 1942 | Knightsbridge War Cemetery |
| Gnr. | Bertie Mortimer | 72 (Anti-tank) Regt., Royal Artillery | 4 Jun. 1944 | Caserta War Cemetery |
| Pte. | Basil A. Golder | 4th Bn., Royal Norfolk Regiment | 13 Feb. 1942 | Kranji War Cemetery |
| Pte. | Sidney H. Fiske | 6th Bn., Royal Norfolks. | 26 Jan. 1942 | Kranji War Memorial |
| Pte. | Alexander Simpson | 7th Bn., Royal Norfolks. | 12 Jun. 1940 | St. Marie's Cemetery |
# Luigi Vitale

Luigi Vitale (born 5 October 1987) is an Italian former footballer who played as a left midfielder, left back, or a left wing back, currently working as head coach of amateur club Stabia City.

## Playing career

A former Napoli youth product, Vitale began his professional career with the Napoli senior side in 2005, but spent several seasons on loan with other clubs in Italy. On 12 July 2011, he joined Bologna from Napoli on a season-long loan.
On 4 August 2012, he moved on loan to Ternana.
In July 2016, he joined Salernitana.
On 31 January 2019, he signed a 2.5-year contract with Verona. On 31 January 2020, Vitale joined Spezia on loan.
On 1 February 2021, he joined Frosinone.

## Coaching career

In July 2023, Vitale was unveiled as the new head coach of Prima Categoria amateurs Stabia City.
# Joanne M. Cohoon

Joanne Louise McGrath Cohoon (c. 1954 – February 14, 2016) was an American sociologist noted for her research on gender imbalance in computing.

## Biography

Cohoon received a B.A. in philosophy from Ramapo College in 1976. She received a M.A. in student personnel administration in higher education from Columbia University Teachers College in 1979 and a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Virginia in 2000.
She was a research assistant professor at the University of Virginia from 2000 to 2003. From 2004 to 2016 she was a senior research scientist with the National Center for Women & Information Technology. In 2005 she became an adjunct research professor in the department of sociology at the University of Virginia, and in 2010 she was an associate professor in the department of science, technology and society, also at the University of Virginia. In 2016 Cohoon was promoted to professor.
Cohoon, who had metastatic breast cancer, died on February 14, 2016, at the age of 61.

## Career

Cohoon researched the gender imbalance in computing, and focused on putting this knowledge into practice. She wrote a paper showing evidence that culture and social structures contribute to fewer women in the field of computing technology. At NCWIT she was a key senior research scientist and the co-founder of Extension Services for Undergraduate Programs (ES-UP), a nationwide program that provides customized consultation to undergraduate computing programs to help them increasing women's participation. She was also active in the Pacesetters program: a fast-track program where committed corporate, entrepreneurial, and academic leaders work across organizational boundaries to accelerate change that improves the meaningful participation of technical women in their organizations.

## Awards

In 2015 she won the A. Richard Newton Educator ABIE Award for her work in developing practices that increase women in computing. Since her death, NCWIT has named a plenary at their annual Summit after Joanne. At this plenary, leading social science researchers speak on wide-ranging and thought-provoking topics related to women's participation in computing and technology.
# He Didn't Have to Be

"He Didn't Have to Be" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in August 1999 as the second single from his debut album, Who Needs Pictures. In December 1999, it became his first number one single, holding the top spot for one week.

## Background

The song was based on Paisley's frequent co-writer and best friend, Kelley Lovelace's stepson McCain Merren, who attended the 2000 ACM Awards as Paisley's guest. According to Lovelace, Paisley said to him, "Let's make a song about you two that will make your wife cry."

## Content

This song is written from the perspective of a son of a single mother. The single mother begins dating a new man who almost immediately includes the child in things like going to the movies. In the final verse, the son now is about ready to become a father himself, standing in the hospital next to his stepfather and hoping that he can be "at least half the dad" that his stepfather "didn't have to be." This song is set in the key of A major in common time, and has a vocal range from A3 to D5.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Deaton Flanigen and premiered on August 17, 1999 on CMT.

## Chart performance

"He Didn't Have to Be" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs for the week of September 4, 1999. "He Didn't Have to Be" spent 30 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, peaking at number one in December 1999 and holding that position for one week.
| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 5 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 30 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1999) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 51 |
| Chart (2000) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 33 |
# Sweetland, California

Sweetland is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. Located approximately 20 mi (32 km) east of Marysville, It is situated at an elevation of 1,857 ft (566 m) above sea level.

## History

The settlement was named after the Sweetland brothers, including former California State Assemblyman, Henry Pettit Sweetland, who settled here in 1850, and in 1852, ran a trading post in the area.
The Sweetland Mining District was established in 1850. Three years later, it was split into three mining districts, including North San Juan. Sweetland was notable for having the largest tail sluices.
Some of the larger mines included:
* Manzanita
* Sweetland Creek Mine
* Boss Mine
A post office was established in 1857 or 1858, but it closed in 1905. In its mining days, it had a population between 200-300 residents.
# The Ruins (mansion)

The Lacson Ruins are the remains of the ancestral mansion of Don Mariano Ledesma Lacson and Maria Braga Lacson. It is situated in Talisay, Negros Occidental, Philippines. The mansion was built in early 1900s and inspired by Italian architecture.

## History

The Lacson Ruins, located on a vast 440-hectare sugar plantation in Talisay, Negros Occidental, is the ancestral mansion of Don Mariano Lacson, a wealthy sugar businessman of the prominent Lacson clan.
Don Mariano Lacson is also the brother of several notable figures, including Gen. Aniceto Lacson, a Negrense revolutionary general and president of the Cantonal Republic of Negros, Rosendo Lacson, a signatory to Aniceto’s Cantonal Republic of Negros, and industrialist Domingo Lacson Sr., who founded Sta. Clara Estate Inc.
The mansion was constructed in the early 1900s in memory of his late wife, Maria Braga Lacson, who died while giving birth to their eighth child.
During World War II, Filipino guerrillas took decisive action to prevent Japanese forces from using the mansion as a military headquarters. They set the mansion ablaze, and the fire raged for three days, reducing it to ruins. Despite the extensive damage, the foundations remained intact.
For generations, Lacson's heirs consistently maintained the property, valuing its sentimental significance, especially in memory of his wife. Today, the Lacson Ruins is considered to be one of the most iconic architectural landmarks of the Philippines, symbolizing both historical resilience and personal legacy.

## Current status

Known variously as the "Taj Mahal of Talisay", "Taj Mahal of Negros" and "Taj Mahal of the Philippines", it is in the private ownership of the descendants of Don Mariano Ledesma Lacson and Cora Maria Osorio Rosa-Braga. They have preserved it in its ruined state, among operational farmland, as a tourist attraction that can be visited for a fee or hired for events. It is open to daily visitors from 8am to 8pm for an entrance fee of PHP150 for adults, PHP100 for senior citizens or PWD, PHP 80 for students and free for children. The fee is PHP1000 for those who will take photoshoots.

## Gallery

* West façade
* South façade with fountain
* Mansion garden
* The Ruins at dusk
# Praveen Sandamal

Praveen Sandamal (born 31 December 1991) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Saracens Sports Club in the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament on 25 August 2020. He made his List A debut on 27 October 2021, for Saracens Sports Club in the 2021–22 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament. He made his Twenty20 debut on 22 May 2022, for Saracens Sports Club in the Major Clubs T20 Tournament.
# Ruth, California

Ruth is a unincorporated community in Trinity County, California, United States. Ruth is located in the southern portion of the county. The community and the adjacent Ruth Lake were named after Ruth McKnight, daughter of settlers. It is located near the headwaters of the Mad River and adjacent to the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness. Ruth sits at an elevation of 2,933 feet (894 m). Its population is 254 as of the 2020 census, up from 195 from the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Ruth as a census-designated place (CDP). The ZIP code is 95526. The community is inside area code 707.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 40.5 square miles (104.9 km$^2$); 38.8 square miles (100.6 km$^2$) of it is land and 1.7 square miles (4.3 km$^2$) of it (4.14%) is water.

## Demographics

The 2010 United States Census reported that Ruth had a population of 195. The population density was 4.8 people per square mile (1.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Ruth was 170 (87.2%) White, 0 (0.0%) African American, 9 (4.6%) Native American, 1 (0.5%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 1 (0.5%) from other races, and 14 (7.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 persons (1.0%).
The Census reported that 192 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 3 (1.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 99 households, out of which 16 (16.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 33 (33.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 10 (10.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 5 (5.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 8 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 (2.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 42 households (42.4%) were made up of individuals, and 12 (12.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94. There were 48 families (48.5% of all households); the average family size was 2.56.
The population was spread out, with 24 people (12.3%) under the age of 18, 7 people (3.6%) aged 18 to 24, 34 people (17.4%) aged 25 to 44, 83 people (42.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 47 people (24.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
There were 315 housing units at an average density of 7.8 per square mile (3.0/km$^2$), of which 73 (73.7%) were owner-occupied, and 26 (26.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 150 people (76.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 42 people (21.5%) lived in rental housing units.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Ruth is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire, and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Chris Rogers.
Federally, Ruth is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.
# East Dawning

East Dawning (Chinese: 东方既白, Dongfang Jibai) was Yum China's fusion of the KFC business model with Chinese cuisine. Chinese food was served exclusively, but the chain focused on the elements of Chinese cuisine that were more quickly and easily prepared. This excluded some dishes, such as boiled dumplings (jiaozi), but included steamed pastries such as steamed buns, including the popular xiaolongbao. Soft drinks were eschewed in favor of traditional and modern Chinese drinks such as teas (including milk tea), juices, and soy milk. However, unlike most Chinese fast food, East Dawning used consistent recipes and preparation methods between restaurants. The restaurants were designed to resemble Chinese homes; for instance, the dining tables were similar to offering tables found in many homes.
A test cafeteria-style restaurant was opened in Shanghai in 2004. After the failure of the test restaurant, Yum! Brands chose the KFC business model (KFC is the most successful Western chain in China) and found greater success. By the first quarter of 2013, there were 30 East Dawning restaurants in China. The restaurants were located in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Suzhou. In 2016, Yum! Brands spun off their Chinese operations into Yum China, which included East Dawning. Yum China shut down the East Dawning brand in 2022.

## Name

The Chinese name "Dongfang Jibai" means "the East has been lit up [by the light of dawn]". It is an idiomatic expression derived ultimately from the last line of the first Red Cliffs, a narrative poem by Song dynasty poet Su Shi. The last part of the poem describes a group of friends who had so thoroughly enjoyed a dinner party on board a boat, that they "scarcely knew that the East was lit up (by the light of dawn)".
# WMBW

WMBW (88.9 FM, Moody Radio Southeast) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Chattanooga, Tennessee serving the Chattanooga metropolitan area. Owned by the Moody Bible Institute since 1973, the station broadcasts a religious format and is the Chattanooga affiliate for Moody Radio.
WMBW extends its signal by using a repeater, WMKW (89.3 FM), in Crossville, Tennessee.
Local programming includes Moody in the Morning and The Journey Home, week-day drive-time programs.

## Repeater

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | Facility ID | ERP W | Height m (ft) | Class |
| WMKW | 89.3 FM | Crossville, Tennessee | 65986 | 500 | 425 meters (1,394 ft) | C3 |
# Simone Pasa

Simone Pasa (born 21 January 1994) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Sammarinese club San Marino in the Italian Serie D.

## Career
### Internazionale and loans

Pasa made his debut in the Europa League on 6 December 2012 against Neftchi Baku. His first game in Serie A was on 12 May 2013 with Internazionale, in a scoreless draw away to Genoa, playing the whole 90 minutes.
On 9 July 2014, Pasa was signed by A.C. Prato in a temporary deal.
On 26 August 2015, he was signed by Pordenone in a temporary deal.

### Cittadella

On 1 July 2016, Pasa was signed by Serie B club Cittadella on a free transfer.

### Pordenone

On 12 August 2019, he returned to Pordenone, which was promoted to Serie B. He signed a 2-year contract.

### Rimini

On 18 July 2022, Pasa signed a two-year contract with Rimini.
# Castro Synagogue

The Castro Synagogue was a former Jewish synagogue, that was located in the Moharam Bey district of Alexandria, Egypt. The synagogue was founded by Moshe Castro, completed in 1920, and located in the district that contained the homes of many wealthy Jewish families.
# Kilgetty/Begelly

Kilgetty/Begelly is a community in southeast Pembrokeshire, Wales. It includes the settlements of Begelly, Broom, Kilgetty, Reynalton, Shipping and Thomas Chapel. The community touches Amroth, East Williamston, Jeffreyston, Lampeter Velfrey, Saundersfoot and Templeton. It has a community council and community association.

## Landmarks

There are 18 listed structures in Kilgetty/Begelly, all Grade II apart from the parish church of St Mary in Begelly, which is Grade II*.

## Population

In 2011 the community and ward had a population of 2262.

## Governance

The community has a community council, whose meetings are open to the public, and whose responsibilities include provision of local services and such public amenities as play areas, fencing, public waste bins and paths. They may also be involved in deciding planning applications. Minutes of meetings are published on their website, which also states that: "All Councillors are Independent and are not affiliated to any political Party".
The community is also coterminous with an electoral ward to Pembrokeshire County Council, called 'Kilgetty and Begelly', electing one county councillor. At the Pembrokeshire County Council election in May 2022, the ward elected Liberal Democrat councillor, Alistair Cameron.

## Community Association

The community has a Community Association, one of whose voluntary responsibilities is to maintain community gardens; the Association meets every two months. For community-wide events, Kilgetty Community Centre has two meeting rooms and a fully-equipped kitchen.
# Ansan University

Ansan University (Korean: 안산대학교) is a 3,4-year university located in Ansan City, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. It hosts a student body of about four thousand, and offers programs in fields including nursing, physiotherapy, early childhood education, and information technology. The school was originally named Ansan 1 University.

## History

The university opened its doors as Incheon health College of Nursing in 1972. In 1994, it changed both its name and location, moving to its present site in Ansan and taking the name Ansan Technical College. It was renamed Ansan 1 University in 1998. In 2012, the school name was changed to Ansan University.

## Department
### Health Care

* Department of Physical Cure
* The Department of Nursing Science
* The Clinical Laboratory
* Department of Radiology
* Department of Beauty, Art

### Family, Social Practical Business Affairs

* Food & Nutrition (College of Food & Nutrition)
* Hotel Cooking (College of Food & Nutrition)
* Social Welfare
* Tourism English
* Tourism Chinese
* International Secretary (College of International Secretary)
* International Secretarial Office Work (College of International Secretary)
* Child Educating Course
* Child Care