# Legislature XVI of Italy

The Legislature XVI of Italy (Italian: XVI Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) started on 29 April 2008 and ended on 14 March 2013. Its composition resulted from the snap election of 13–14 April 2008, called after President Giorgio Napolitano dissolved the houses on 6 February 2008. The dissolution of the Parliament was a consequence of the defeat of the incumbent government led by Romano Prodi during a vote of confidence in the Senate.
The legislature was dissolved by President Napolitano on 22 December 2012, a few months before the end of its natural five-year term.

## Government

| Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Party | Term of office | Term of office | Government | Composition |
| Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Party | Took office | Left office | Government | Composition |
| | | Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) | The People of Freedom | 8 May 2008 | 16 November 2011 | Berlusconi IV | PdL • LN • MpA (Centre-right coalition) |
| | | Mario Monti (b. 1943) | Independent | 16 November 2011 | 28 April 2013 | Monti | Independents (Technocratic cabinet) |

## Composition
### Chamber of Deputies

The number of elected deputies is 630.
* President: Gianfranco Fini (PdL until 30 July 2010, then FLI), elected on 30 April 2008
* Vice Presidents: Maurizio Lupi (PdL), Antonio Leone (PdL), Rosy Bindi (PD), Rocco Buttiglione (UdC)
Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies :
| Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition |
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change |
| | People of Freedom | People of Freedom | 275 | | People of Freedom | People of Freedom | 202 | 73 |
| | Democratic Party | Democratic Party | 217 | | Democratic Party | Democratic Party | 203 | 14 |
| | Lega Nord Padania | Lega Nord Padania | 60 | | Northern League Padania | Northern League Padania | 58 | 2 |
| | Union of the Centre | Union of the Centre | 35 | | Union of the Centre for the Third Pole | Union of the Centre for the Third Pole | 36 | 1 |
| | Italy of Values | Italy of Values | 29 | | Italy of Values | Italy of Values | 15 | 14 |
| | | | | | Future and Freedom for the Third Pole | Future and Freedom for the Third Pole | 24 | 24 |
| | | | | | People and Territory (We the South–Freedom and Autonomy, The Populars of Italy Tomorrow-PID, Movement of National Responsibility-MRN, Popular Action, Alliance of the Centre-AdC, Popular Agreement) | People and Territory (We the South–Freedom and Autonomy, The Populars of Italy Tomorrow-PID, Movement of National Responsibility-MRN, Popular Action, Alliance of the Centre-AdC, Popular Agreement) | 21 | 21 |
| | Mixed | Mixed | 14 | | Mixed | Mixed | 71 | 57 |
| | | Movement for Autonomy | 8 | | | Movement for the Autonomies – Allied for the South | 4 | 4 |
| | | Linguistic Minorities | 3 | | | Linguistic Minorities | 3 | |
| | | | | | | Great South – PPA | 10 | 10 |
| | | | | | | Free Italy – Italian Populars – Populars for Europe – Liberals for Italy – Italian Liberal Party | 10 | 10 |
| | | | | | | Rights and Freedom | 5 | 5 |
| | | | | | | Democratic Centre | 4 | 4 |
| | | | | | | FareItalia for the Popular Constituent | 4 | 4 |
| | | | | | | Italian Republican Party – Actionists | 4 | 4 |
| | | | | | | Liberal Democrats – MAIE | 3 | 3 |
| | | | | | | Autonomy South – Lega Sud Ausonia – Souvereign Peoples of Europe | 3 | 3 |
| | | | | | | Liberal Initiative | 3 | 3 |
| | | Non inscrits | 3 | | | Non inscrits | 18 | 15 |
| Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 630 | Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 630 | |

### Senate

The number of elected senators was 315. At the start of the legislature there were seven life senators (Francesco Cossiga, Oscar Luigi Scalfaro and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi as former Presidents, as well as nominated life senators Giulio Andreotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Emilio Colombo and Sergio Pininfarina), making the total number of senators 322. At the end of the legislature, after the deaths of Cossiga, Scalfaro, Levi-Montalcini and Pininfarina, and the nomination of a new life senator (Mario Monti) the total number of senators went down to 319.
* President: Renato Schifani (PdL), elected on 29 April 2008
* Vice Presidents: Rosi Mauro (LN, then Mixed), Domenico Nania (PdL), Valerio Chiti (PD), Emma Bonino (RI)
Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic :
| Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Initial composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition | Final composition |
| Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Parliamentary group | Seats | Change |
| | The People of Freedom | The People of Freedom | 146 | | The People of Freedom | The People of Freedom | 113 | 33 |
| | Democratic Party | Democratic Party | 119 | | Democratic Party | Democratic Party | 104 | 15 |
| | Northern League Padania | Northern League Padania | 26 | | Northern League Padania | Northern League Padania | 22 | 4 |
| | Italy of Values | Italy of Values | 14 | | Italy of Values | Italy of Values | 10 | 4 |
| | UdC, SVP and Autonomies | UdC, SVP and Autonomies | 11 | | Union of the Centre, SVP and Autonomies (Union Valdôtaine, MAIE, Toward North, European Republicans Movement, Italian Liberal Party, Italian Socialist Party) | Union of the Centre, SVP and Autonomies (Union Valdôtaine, MAIE, Toward North, European Republicans Movement, Italian Liberal Party, Italian Socialist Party) | 16 | 5 |
| | | | | | For the Third Pole (ApI – FLI – Democratic Centre) | For the Third Pole (ApI – FLI – Democratic Centre) | 13 | 13 |
| | | | | | National Cohesion (Great South – Yes Mayors – Populars of Italy Tomorrow – The Good Government – FareItalia) | National Cohesion (Great South – Yes Mayors – Populars of Italy Tomorrow – The Good Government – FareItalia) | 12 | 12 |
| | | | | | Brothers of Italy – National Centre-right | Brothers of Italy – National Centre-right | 11 | 11 |
| | Mixed | Mixed | 6 | | Mixed | Mixed | 18 | 12 |
| | | MPA – Movement for Autonomy | 2 | | | MPA – Movement for the Autonomies – Allied for the South | 3 | 1 |
| | | | | | | We Are The Common People Territorial Movement | 2 | 2 |
| | | | | | | Democratic Participation | 2 | 2 |
| | | | | | | Italian Republican Party | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | | | Movement of Autonomist Socialists | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | | | Rights and Freedom | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | | | Pensioners' Party | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | | | Democratic Union for Consumers | 1 | 1 |
| | | Non inscrits | 4 | | | Non inscrits | 6 | 2 |
| Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 322 | Total seats | Total seats | Total seats | 319 | 3 |

#### Senators for Life

| Senator | Motivation | Appointed by | From | Till |
| Giulio Andreotti | Merits in the social field | President Francesco Cossiga | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Francesco Cossiga | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | 17 August 2010 (deceased) |
| Oscar Luigi Scalfaro | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | 29 January 2012 (deceased) |
| Rita Levi Montalcini | Merits in the social and scientific field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Previous legislature | 30 December 2012 (deceased) |
| Emilio Colombo | Merits in the social field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Sergio Pininfarina | Merits in the social field | President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Previous legislature | 3 July 2012 (deceased) |
| Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Former president of Italy | ex officio | Previous legislature | Next legislature |
| Mario Monti | Merits in the social field | President Giorgio Napolitano | 9 November 2011 | Next legislature |