# Sidecar World Championship

FIM Sidecar World Championship is the international sidecar racing championship. It is the only remaining original FIM road racing championship class that started in 1949.
It was formerly named Superside when the sidecars moved from being part of Grand Prix Motorcycles racing to being support events for the Superbike World Championship. In 2010 the FIM took over the management of the series from the Superside promoters, and the championship was called "FIM Sidecar World Championship". However, the FIM still uses the word Superside for promotion purposes, despite the demise of the Superside promoters.
The championship is raced over a number of rounds at circuits mainly in Europe, although other venues have been included in United States (Monterey), South Africa at Kyalami and Australia's Phillip Island.

## History
### Formative years

When the sidecar world championships began in 1949, they were dominated by unambiguous, orthodox outfits where a sidecar was attached to a conventional solo motorcycle. Rigidity and strength were poorly understood and pre-war machines have been described as "scaffolding on wheels". Development was based around cutting weight, providing a flat platform for the passenger, and reducing drag around the sidecar wheel and at the front of the sidecar platform. When developments in dolphin and dustbin fairings on solo machines proved successful at reducing drag, it was natural to adapt similar streamlined enclosures for the sidecar outfits. A pioneer in this area was Eric Oliver who worked with the Watsonian company on the development of successive experimental racing outfits including such innovations as the use of 16 in (410 mm) diameter wheels.

### Design changes

By 1953, motorcycle frames had undergone a complete redesign to accommodate the side car. Seat heights had been reduced to the point where the driver now sat in a semi-prone position. This permitted the use of a one-piece fairing which enclosed the front of the outfit as well as the sidecar platform. The enclosure led to unfamiliar handling, and the advanced design was only used in practice for the Belgian Grand Prix and in the final Grand Prix at Monza, where it finished fourth in the hands of Jacques Drion and Inge Stoll. Throughout the year, other outfits experimented with more modest refinements such as additional braking via the sidecar wheel, sometimes linked to one or both of the other two brakes.
Nevertheless, racing sidecars remained intrinsically the same to road-going sidecars. A traditional racing outfit was a road-going motorcycle outfit without the boot and with the suspension lowered. The bootless sidecar frame would have a flat platform. Both the battery and the fuel tank could be placed either between the motorcycle and the sidecar, or on the sidecar platform. Over time the subframe, struts, clamps, sidecar frame, etc. would merge with the motorcycle mainframe and form a single frame. But essentially the racing outfit was still a variant of the road-going outfit in principle.

### Technical innovation

Beginning in 1977 there was a seismic shift away from the traditional engineering that had underscored sidecar technology up to this point. It began when George O'Dell won the championship using a Hub-center steering sidecar (built by Rolf Biland) called the Seymaz. O'Dell won despite the Seymaz being rarely raced during the season in favor of using a traditional Windle frame for much of the year. The next year Rolf Biland won the 1978 championship using a BEO-Yamaha TZ500 sidecar which was basically a rear-engine, rear-drive trike.
In 1979 the FIM responded to these technological innovations by splitting the sidecar championship into two competitions:
* B2A - traditional sidecars
* B2B - prototypes
Bruno Holzer won the B2B championship with an LCR BEO-Yamaha sidecar that turned motorcycling into something more like driving a car because the machine had a driver's seat, steering wheel and using foot pedals. It also did not require much participation from the sidecar passenger who just had to lie flat on the passenger platform.
In 1980, due to the revolutionary changes being made by the constructors to their designs, the FIM banned all sidecar prototypes because it was concerned that the developments were turning passengers into non-active participants, and the machines were ceasing to resemble motorcycles.
However, a year later FIM reversed its decision and reached a compromise after protests from the teams. Prototypes would be permitted to race subject to the following rules:
* it must be a vehicle that is driven only by a single rear wheel
* it must be steered by a single front wheel
* it must be steered by a motorcycle handle bar not a steering wheel
* it must require the active participation from the passenger.
The 1981 rules remain largely unchanged. For example, trikes or cyclecars are still banned. However, there have been a few amendments and easing of the rules. In the late 1990s the FIM allowed a sidecar front wheel to have automobile-style suspension (e.g. wishbone configurations. Likewise sidecars that are outside of the technical rules are permitted to compete in races but their results, points or finishes are not recorded. An example is the Markus Bösiger/Jürg Egli team who would have finished third in the 1998 championship season. However, as they were using a configuration where Bösiger sat in an upright driving position no results were entered in the official records.
Under FIM regulations, "rider" applies equally to the driver and the passenger on a sidecar. The driver is positioned kneeling in front of the engine with hands near the front wheel, while the passenger moves about the platform at the rear transferring their weight from left to right according to the corner and forward or back to gain traction for the front or rear. The passenger also helps the driver when it comes to drifting, and is also usually the first person to notice any engine problems since he is next to the engine while the driver is in front of it. The two must work together to be a successful team. Nowadays it is common to call the driver the "Pilot", while the passenger has several nicknames: the "Acrobat" used in North America which is no longer in use, and the now common term "Monkey" which originated from Australia. Occasionally the words "Co-Driver" or "Co-Pilot" are also used.
Traditional sidecar racing remain popular in several countries, especially the United Kingdom, where it known as Formula Two Sidecars (600cc Engines). They are generally uses in true road racing events like the Isle of Man TT races. Despite their lower top speeds, these machines retain better manoeuvring capabilities.

## Modern racing

Between 1981 and 2016 Superside machines were known as Formula One sidecars using a basic unchanged design. These modern high tech machines are only related to motorcycles by the classification of the engines they use. All chassis are purpose built and owe more to open wheel race car technology and the tires are wide and have a flat profile. They are sometimes known as "worms".
The most successful sidecar racer in Superside has been Steve Webster, who has won four world championships and six world cup between 1987 and 2004. The most successful chassis is LCR, the Swiss sidecar maker, whose founder Louis Christen has won 35 championships between 1979 and 2016, with a variety of engines, originally Yamaha and Krauser two-strokes, more lately Suzuki four-strokes. The BMW Rennsport RS54 Engine powered to 19 straight constructors titles from 1955 to 1973, the most by any engines.
In 2014, for the first time a Kawasaki-powered machine won the title with Tim Reeves and Gregory Cluze ending an 11-year consecutive Suzuki run. In 2016 Kirsi Kainulainen became the first woman motorcycle world champion, as passenger to Pekka Päivärinta.
However, in 2017 the engine capacity of F1 sidecars was reduced from 1000cc to 600cc. This was a conscious effort by FIM to attract more participation from racers who still preferred the traditional F2 chassis. By reducing the engine size, it was hoped that this would mean competition on more equal terms. Nevertheless, the 2017 championship was still dominated by competitors using the F1 chassis. The highest placed F2 chassis team was 12th by Eckart Rösinger and Steffen Werner on their Baker-Suzuki GSX-R600.

### Formats

Since 2005 there are now three types of race classes. Any given championship round can have all three type of races but sometimes there is only one type of race (the Gold Race) in one round, usually when the round is a supporting event of a major meeting such as MotoGP.
* Match Race. Teams are divided into groups and race in very short heat races. Winners and the better placing teams in these heats would advance to the next round (semi-finals), until only the best six teams left for the final heat race. A typical heat race distance is three laps.
* Sprint Race. All teams participate in a short race. A typical race distance is twelve laps.
* Gold Race. All teams participate in a long race, usually twice the distance of the sprint race.

## FIM Sidecar World Champions
### Grand Prix

| Season | Driver | Passenger | Bike | Constructor |
| 600cc |||||
| 1949 | Eric Oliver | Denis Jenkinson | Norton Manx | Norton |
| 1950 | Eric Oliver | Lorenzo Dobelli | Norton Manx | Norton |
| 500cc |||||
| 1951 | Eric Oliver | Lorenzo Dobelli | Norton Manx | Norton |
| 1952 | Cyril Smith | Bob Clements Les Nutt | Norton Manx | Norton |
| 1953 | Eric Oliver | Stanley Dibben | Norton Manx | Norton |
| 1954 | Wilhelm Noll | Fritz Cron | BMW RS54 | Norton |
| 1955 | Willi Faust | Karl Remmert | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1956 | Wilhelm Noll | Fritz Cron | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1957 | Fritz Hillebrand | Manfred Grunwal | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1958 | Walter Schneider | Hans Strauß | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1959 | Walter Schneider | Hans Strauß | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1960 | Helmut Fath | Alfred Wohlgemuth | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1961 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1962 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1963 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1964 | Max Deubel | Emil Hörner | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1965 | Fritz Scheidegger | John Robinson | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1966 | Fritz Scheidegger | John Robinson | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1967 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1968 | Helmut Fath | Wolfgang Kalauch | URS | BMW |
| 1969 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1970 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt Wolfgang Kalauch | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1971 | Horst Owesle | Julius Kremer Peter Rutterford | Münch-URS | BMW |
| 1972 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1973 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | BMW RS54 | BMW |
| 1974 | Klaus Enders | Ralf Engelhardt | Busch-BMW RS54 | König |
| 1975 | Rolf Steinhausen | Josef Huber | Busch-König | König |
| 1976 | Rolf Steinhausen | Josef Huber | Busch-König | König |
| 1977 | George O'Dell | Kenny Arthur Cliff Holland | Windle-Yamaha TZ500 Seymaz-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1978 | Rolf Biland | Kenneth Williams | TTM-Yamaha TZ500 BEO-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1979 (B2A) | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | Schmid-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1979 (B2B) | Bruno Holzer | Charlie Maierhans | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1980 | Jock Taylor | Benga Johansson | Windle-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1981 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1982 | Werner Schwärzel | Andreas Huber | Seymaz-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1983 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1984 | Egbert Streuer | Bernard Schnieders | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1985 | Egbert Streuer | Bernard Schnieders | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1986 | Egbert Streuer | Bernard Schnieders | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1987 | Steve Webster | Tony Hewitt | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1988 | Steve Webster | Tony Hewitt Gavin Simmons | LCR-Yamaha TZ500 | Yamaha |
| 1989 | Steve Webster | Tony Hewitt | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
| 1990 | Alain Michel | Simon Birchall | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
| 1991 | Steve Webster | Gavin Simmons | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
| 1992 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
| 1993 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Krauser | Krauser |
| 1994 | Rolf Biland | Kurt Waltisperg | LCR-Swissauto V4 | ADM |
| 1995 | Darren Dixon | Andy Hetherington | Windle-ADM | ADM |
| 1996 | Darren Dixon | Andy Hetherington | Windle-ADM | ADM |
| Sidecar World Cup |||||
| 1997 | Steve Webster | David James | LCR-ADM | |
| 500cc 2-stroke or 1000cc 4-stroke |||||
| 1998 | Steve Webster | David James | LCR-Honda NSR500 | |
| 1999 | Steve Webster | David James | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| 2000 | Steve Webster | Paul Woodhead | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| Superside |||||
| 1000cc 4-stroke |||||
| 2001 | Klaus Klaffenböck | Christian Parzer | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| 2002 | Steve Abbott | Jamie Biggs | Windle-Yamaha EXUP | |
| 2003 | Steve Webster | Paul Woodhead | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| Superside World Cup |||||
| 2004 | Steve Webster | Paul Woodhead | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| Superside |||||
| 2005 | Tim Reeves | Tristan Reeves | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| 2006 | Tim Reeves | Tristan Reeves | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| 2007 | Tim Reeves | Patrick Farrance | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| 2008 | Pekka Päivärinta | Timo Karttiala | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| 2009 | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R 1000 | |
| Superside Sidecar World Championship |||||
| 2010 | Pekka Päivärinta | Adolf Hänni | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
| 2011 | Pekka Päivärinta | Adolf Hänni | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
| 2012 | Tim Reeves | Ashley Hawes | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
| 2013 | Pekka Päivärinta | Adolf Hänni | LCR-Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
| 2014 | Tim Reeves | Gregory Cluze | LCR-Kawasaki ZX-10R | |
| 2014 (F2 World Trophy) | Tim Reeves | Gregory Cluze | DMR-Honda CBR600 | |
| 2015 | Bennie Streuer | Geert Koerts | LCR Suzuki GSX-R1000 | |
| 2015 (F2 World Trophy) | Tim Reeves | Patrick Farrance | DMR-Honda CBR600 | |
| 2016 | Pekka Päivärinta | Kirsi Kainulainen | LCR-BMW S 1000RR | |
| 2016 (F2 World Trophy) | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Honda CBR600 | |
| 600 cc 4-stroke |||||
| 2017 | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
| 2018 | Ben Birchall | Tom Birchall | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
| 2019 | Tim Reeves | Mark Wilkes | Adolf RS-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
| 2020 | Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | Markus Schlosser | Marcel Fries | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
| 2022 | Todd Ellis | Emmanuelle Clément | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
| 2023 | Todd Ellis | Emmanuelle Clément | LCR-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |
| 2024 | Harry Payne | Kevin Rousseau | Adolf RS-Yamaha YZF-R6 | |