# Heinz Fischer

Heinz Fischer GColIH, OMRI, RSerafO, GCollSE (German pronunciation: ; born 9 October 1938) is an Austrian politician who served as the president of Austria from 2004 to 2016. Fischer previously served as minister of science from 1983 to 1987 and as president of the National Council of Austria from 1990 to 2002. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) until 2004, he suspended his party membership as he became president.

## Early life

Fischer was born to a Jewish family in Graz, Styria, which had recently become part of Nazi Germany, following Germany's annexation of Austria in March 1938. Fischer attended a grammar school which focused on humanities and graduated in 1956. He studied law at the University of Vienna, earning a doctorate in 1961. In 1963, at the age of 25, Fischer spent a year volunteering at Kibbutz Sarid, northern Israel. Apart from being a politician, Fischer also pursued an academic career, and became a professor of Political Science at the University of Innsbruck in 1994.

## Political career

Fischer was a member of the Austrian parliament, the National Council, from 1971, and served as its president from 1990 to 2002. From 1983 to 1987 he was minister of science in a coalition government headed by Fred Sinowatz.

### First term as president

In January 2004 Fischer announced that he would run for president to succeed Thomas Klestil. He was elected on 25 April 2004 as the candidate of the opposition Social Democratic Party. He polled 52.4 per cent of the votes to defeat Benita Ferrero-Waldner, then foreign minister in the ruling conservative coalition led by the People's Party.
Fischer was sworn in on 8 July 2004 and took over office from the college of presidents of the National Council, who had acted for the president following Klestil's death on 6 July.

### Second term as president

In April 2010, Fischer was re-elected president of Austria, winning a second six-year term in office with almost 79% of the votes. The voter turnout of merely 53.6% was a record low. Around a third of those eligible to vote voted for Fischer, leading the conservative daily Die Presse to describe the election as an "absolute majority for non-voters". The reasons behind the low turnout may have been that pollsters had predicted a safe victory for Fischer (past Austrian presidents running for a second term had always won) and that the other large party, ÖVP, had not nominated a candidate of their own, and had not endorsed any of the three candidates. Prominent ÖVP members, unofficially but in public, even suggested to cast a blank vote, which 7% of the voters did.

### Post-presidency

In 2017, he and former UN secretary-general Ban-Ki Moon co-founded the Ban Ki-Moon Centre for Global Citizens, an international non-governmental organization to advance the Sustainable Development Goals, headquartered in Vienna.

## Personal life

Fischer identifies himself as agnostic and as a social democrat. He and Margit Binder married in 1968. The couple have two grown children.
Despite being members of opposing parties, Fischer was close friends with former ÖVP politician Sixtus Lanner.
He enjoys mountaineering and has been president of the Austrian Friends of Nature for many years.

## Honours and awards
### National honours
#### Federal order

* 2004: Grand Star of Honour of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria (Austria)

#### State honours

* 2008: Ring of Honour of the Province of Styria
* 2008: Freedom of the City of Graz

#### Awards

* 2009: Florianiplakette of the Austrian Federal Fire Association in gold

### Foreign honours
#### Foreign orders

* 1993: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italy)
* 2005: Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal)
* 2005: Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain)
* 2006: Grand Cross of the Order of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (Finland)
* 2006: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (Hungary)
* 2006: Collar of the Order pro merito Melitensi (Sovereign Military Order of Malta)
* 2007: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italy)
* 2007: Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav (Norway)
* 2007: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (Sweden)
* 2009: Grand Cross with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great (Lithuania)
* 2009: Grand Collar of the Order of Saint James of the Sword (Portugal)
* 2009: Grand Collar of the Order of the White Lion (Czech Republic)
* 2012: Collar of the Order of Merit (Chile)
* 2013: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (France)
* 2013: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (Luxembourg)
* 2014: National Flag Order (Albania)
* 2015: Grand Collar of the Order of the Condor of the Andes (Bolivia)
* 2016: Order of the Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria)

#### Foreign awards

* 2008: Honorary Doctorate of Law Faculty of the University of Tel Aviv
* 2009: Honorary Doctorate from the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences