# Bengali–Assamese languages

The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group according to Glottolog includes Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Mal Paharia, Noakhali, Rajbangshi, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya and Surjapuri.

## Languages

| Language | Native name | Script | Alphabet | Number of speakers (in millions) | Native region |
| Assamese | অসমীয়া Oxomiya | Bengali–Assamese script | Assamese alphabet | 15.3 | India (Assam) |
| Bengali | বাংলা Bangla | Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 261.8 | Bangladesh (national and official) India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tripura, parts of Assam, Andaman and Nicobar islands) |
| Bishnupriya Manipuri | বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bișnupriya Monipuri | Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | | India (Assam, Manipur and Tripura) Bangladesh (Sylhet Division) |
| Chakma | 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 চাকমা Sangma | Bengali–Assamese script Chakma script Latin script | | 0.32 | Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) India (Mizoram and Tripura) Myanmar (Rakhine State) |
| Chittagonian | চাটগাঁইয়া সিটাইঙগা siʈaiŋga | Bengali–Assamese script Arabic script Latin script | Chittagonian Alphabet | 13 | Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) Myanmar (Rakhine State) |
| Hajong | হাজং Hazong | Bengali–Assamese script Latin script | Assamese alphabet Bengali alphabet | 0.06 | India (Assam and Meghalaya) Bangladesh (Mymensingh Division) |
| Rangpuri/ Kamtapuri/ Rajbongshi | রংপুরী কামতাপুৰী ৰাজবংশী राजबंशी Rongpuri Kamatapuri Rajbanshi | Bengali–Assamese script, Devanagari | Bengali alphabet, Assamese alphabet | 10.8 | Bangladesh (Rangpur Division) India (West Bengal and Assam) Nepal (Koshi Province) |
| Noakhali | নোয়াখাইল্লা Noakhailla | Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 12 | Bangladesh (Greater Noakhali) India (Tripura) |
| Rohingya | رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ‎ 𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 Ruáingga | Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script | | 2.52 | Myanmar (Rakhine State) Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) |
| Surjapuri | सुरजापुरी সুরজাপুরী Surjapuri | Devanagari Bengali–Assamese script | Bengali alphabet | 2.26 | India (Bihar, West Bengal)  Nepal (Koshi Province) |
| Sylheti | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ছিলটি Siloŧi | Bengali–Assamese script Sylheti Nagari script | Sylheti alphabet | 11.8 | Bangladesh (Sylhet Division) India (Assam, Meghalaya, North Tripura) |
| Tanchangya | 𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Toncongya | Chakma script | | 0.02 | Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts) |

## Language comparison chart

* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Sylheti |
| beautiful | dhunia, thogua/thouga, xundor/xundar | śundor* | dol | dishar,šundor | | | cúndor*, hásin* | šundor*, kubsurot*, mayasurot |
| big | daṅor/daṅar, bor | boṛo, ḍagor, ḍaṅor | | đôñr | | boro, daṅar | boro, ákbor*, kobira* | boṛo |
| blood | tez | rôkto*, khun*, lohu | lo | lou, rôktô | | | lou, hún*, kún* | lou, roxto*, kun* |
| bread | ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred* | pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat) | | fõruţi | | | fiçá, luthi | ruṭi (flat), luf* |
| brother | bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)* | bhai, dada, bhaiya | | bái, bôdda | | bhai | bái | bái, báia |
| cat | mekuri/meukri/mekur, birali/biroli, biral | biṛal, beṛal, billi, bilai, biṛali | | bilai/bilei, miúr | | | bilai | mekur, bilai |
| dark | andhar, endhar | ãdhar, andhar, ondhokar* | | ãdár | | | añdár, miyonda | andáir |
| daughter | zi, mai, aapi, zhia, ziori | maiya/meye, konna*, jhi | | zee, maifuā | | beti | futúni, zíi | zi, fuṛi |
| day | din, bêla | din, bêla*, roz*, dibôš* | | din | | din | din | din, ruz* |
| dog | kukur | kukur, kutta | | kuĩr, kutto | | | kuñr | atu, kutta |
| door | duar*, dorza*, dar | dôroja/dôrja*, duar* | | duōr, kebar | | duar* | duar* | xeir, dorza*, duar* |
| earth | bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi* | duniya*, prithibi*, dhora*, jahan* | | duniye,fithibi, | | | duniyai* | duniai*, dunia*, zahan* |
| egg | koni, dima/dim | ḍim, anḍa, boida* | boda* | đim,anḍa | | ḍima | andha, dhim | enḍa, ḍim, boida* |
| elephant | hati/hathi | hati | | áti | | hati | áñti, háñtih | átti |
| eye | soku, sokhu | choukh/chokh, ãkhi, noyon*, chokkhu* | | sóg | | | suk | soku, uki, souk |
| father | deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, pitai/pite/piti*, aba/abba/abu/abbu* | bap, abba*, baba, abbu, pita*, waled* | | baf, ba,abba | | | abbá* | baf, bazi |
| fear | bhoy, dor | bhôy*, ḍor | | đôr | | | ḍor | ḍor |
| finger | aṅuli/aṅli | aṅgul, onguli* | | ôuñl | ouñl | | | aṅguil |
| fire | zui, aguni* | aguin/agun, ogni*, nar*, atosh*, anol*, pabok*, dahon* | | ôin* | | zui | ooin* | aguin*, nar*, atosh* |
| fish | mas | machh | | mas | | mas | mas | mas, mai* |
| food | khüabostu*, khauni, ahar*, khayddo*, khana* | khabar, khaon, khana*, khani*, khaddo*, ahar* | | hána | | hána, háñna | xani |
| god | bhogowan*, is(s)or*, deu, probhu*, khuda* | khoda*, isshôr*, bhôgôban*, srishtikorta*, mabud* | | khúda*,rôb, ūôr ôla | | | ila*, rob*, ixor* | mobud*, mola*, rob*, xoda*, bhogòban* |
| good | bhal | bhalo/bhala | | bála, gôm | bhala | bhal | gom | bála |
| grass | ghah, kher (hay) | ghash, khôṛ (hay) | | kér | | ghaṣ | kérr | ga, gaš |
| hand | hat | hat | | át | | hat | árt | át |
| hand fan | bisoni/biseni/bisni | hat-pakha, biuni, bijoni | | bisôin, bisein | | | | bisoin, fanka |
| head | mur, matha, math | matha, shir*, kolla* | | mata, hôlla | | | matá | sir*, xolla*, mata |
| heart (emotion) | hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy* | (h)ridôy*, ôntôr*, hiya, dil*, kolob*, kolija/koilja | | dil*, hôilze, ridôy, ôntôr | | | dil* | dil*, hia |
| heart (organ) | hia, dil, amothu | (h)ritpindô*,dil*, kolija/koilja | | | | | dil* | gurda |
| horse | ghü̃ra/ghora | ghoṛa | | gúṛa | | | gúñra, gúra | gúṛa |
| house | ghor | ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana* | | gór | | | gor, bari | gór, bari, xan* |
| hunger | bhük/bhokh | khudha*, khida*, khide*, bhuk | | búk | | | búk | buk, feto(r) buk |
| language | bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw | bhasha*, buli, jôban/zôban* | hodá* | basha,zúban,buli | | raw, bhaṣa* | zoban*, hodá* | mat, bul, rau, zoban*, basha* |
| laughter | hãhi | hashi | | aši | | haṣi | | aši |
| life | zion/ziwon, ziu (soul), hayat* | jibôn*, jindegi*, hayat* | | zibon,zindegi*,hayat* | | zibon | | zindegi*, zibon*, hayat* |
| moon | zün, sand | chãd/chand, chôndro*, bôdôr*, shôshi* | | sãn | san | | san | san(d), sondoni |
| mother | ma, ai, mai, mao, ammi/amma* | ma, amma*, ammu, waleda*, mata*, ai | | ma | | maö, ai | | mai, ai, maizi |
| mouth | mukh*, mu- | mukh*, mu(h) | | mukh* | | muk* | | muk* |
| name | nam, naü | nam | | nam | | | nam | nam |
| night | rati, nixa* | rat/rait, ratri*, shob* | | rait | | rati | rait | rait, rati, nii, shob*, lailot* |
| peace | xanti*, xokah | shanti*, aman*, salamôt* | | šanti* | | ṣanti* | | niraii, shanti*, salamôt* |
| place | thai, zega/zaga*, than | jayga/jaga/jega*, ṭhai, sthan* | | ṭai, zāga* | | | | zega*, tan |
| queen | rani, madoi, patmadoi | rani, shahbanu* | | rani | | rani | rani | rani, razbibi, sha(h)banu* |
| rest | zironi, aram* | aram*, bisram*, jirano*, jiron* | | dom*,zirôn,aram gôrôn | | | | zirani, aram* |
| river | noi, gaṅ, nodi* | nôdi*, doriya*, ɡaṅg | | dôijja*,dôirge | | | hál | ɡaṅg, nodi* |
| road | bat, ali, rasta*, poth* | rasta*, shoṛok, pôth* | | | | | | sorox, rah*, rasta*, ail, fot* |
| salt | nimokh*, lün/nun | lôbôn*, nun, nomok* | | lôbôn*, lun/nun | | | | nimox*, nun, lobon* |
| sister | bhoni/boini/boni (younger), ba/bai (elder) | apa*, apu/api, boin/bon, didi | | bóin,afa/bôbbu/dî/afu (elder) | | | | bóin, buai |
| small | xoru, süto | chhoṭo, pati | | guro | | | | huru, nii, kuṭimuti, gura, titkina, geda, suṭu |
| son | put, pü, aapa | chhele, putro*, put, po, bêṭa | | (morod) fuā, fut | | beṭa | fut | fut, fua |
| soul | ziu, atma/atta* | atta*, pran*, pôran*, ruh*, jiu | | foran*, rû* | | | | ru*, atma*, zaan* |
| sun | beli | shurjo*, shuruj* | | beil, šuroz* | | | beil | suruz*, shurzo* |
| ten | doh, dos* | dosh | | doš | | doṣ | | dosh, do |
| three | tini | tin | | tín | | | tin | tin |
| village | gaü̃ | gram*, gã, gão | | geram | | | | gau |
| waist | kõkal/kakal | komor*, maja | | keĩl | | | keñil | xomor*, xaxal |
| water | pani | pani, jôl* | | fani | pani | pani, zol* | faní | fani, ab*, tam |
| when | ketia/kitia/kita, kethan/kethen, kesen, ketiyake | kôkhôn, kobe, kon shômôy*, kon bêla | | hótte | | könbela | | kunbala(n->m), kunomoy |
| wind | botah/batah | batash*, hawa*, ba/bao, bayu*, bat*, anil* | | ába*, bataš* | | | | boyar, batash*, hawa* |
| wolf | kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox) | nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox) | | neṛi kutta | | | | atubag, hial (jackal, fox) |
| woman | maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila* | mohila*, nari*, beṭi manush, chheri | | maiye fua,maifuā (soft) | | beṭi saöa | | beṭi, moíla* |
| year | bosor, son* | bochhor, shal*, borsho*, botshor* | | bosor | | bosor | | fira, bosor, son*, shal* |
| yes | hoy, o, ü̃, mm | hê/hễ, ji*, agge, hã | | ô, ôy | | | ô, ôy | óe, i, zi* óe |
| no | nohoy, nai, ühü, na | na, nai/nae/nei, noy, non | | nô, nôy | | | nô, nôy | na, nai, nay |
| yesterday | kali, züa-kali/zawa-kali | (goto*-)kal(-ke), (gelo-)kal(-ke),kal(-ke) | | goto* hail, goto* halia | | | | (gese-)xail(-ku), xail(-ku) |
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Sylheti |
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)

### Verbs

| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong |
| ask | xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate) | zika-, fus-, zar- | jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, puch kor-, jiggesh kor-, jiga- | | pũsar ɡor- | | | |
| bite | kamür-, kamür mar- | xamṛa-, xamor maeth[4r]bh=['r45t6h[=]uj[kp=r- | kamoṛ mar-, kamṛa- | | hõr- | | | |
| blow | phu de-, phuk-, phu kor- | fu de-, hu de- | phu deua- | | | | | |
| breathe | uxah lo- | dom lo- | šãš ne-, šãš lo-, dôm ne-, dôm lo- | | | | | |
| bring | an- | an- | an- | | an- | | | |
| can | par- | far- | par- | | | | | |
| catch | dhor- | dór- | dhôr- | | | | | |
| come | ah- | a- | aś- | | a- | | a- | ah- |
| count | gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor- | gon-, isab xor- | gon-, hišab kôr- | | | | | |
| cry | kand-, kan- | xand-, xan- | kãd- | | hãd- | | | |
| cut | kat- | xaṭ- | kaṭ- | | | | | |
| do | kor- | xor- | kôr- | | gor- | | ɡor- | |
| die | mor-, dhuka- | mor- | môr- | | mor- | | | |
| dig | khand- | kur-, kus- | khõṛ-, khõc- | | | | | |
| drink | kha-, pi kha-, pi- | xa-, fia xa-, fi- | kha-, pan kor-, pi- | | | | | |
| eat | kha- | xa- | kha- | | | | há- | |
| fall | por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | | | | | |
| fear | bhoy kha-, dora- | ḍora- | bhoy pa-, ḍora- | | | | | |
| fight | zũz-, maramari/moramori kor- | mair xor-, xaijja xor- | maramari kor-, jhogṛa kôr- | | | | | |
| float | üpoṅ-, bhah- | bai-, bo- | bhaš- | | | | | |
| flow | bo- | bo- | bo- | | | | | |
| fly | ur- | uṛ- | uṛ- | | ur- | | ur- | |
| give | de-, di- | de-, di- | de- | | | | | |
| go | za-, ɡo-/ge- | za-, ɡo-, ɡe- | ja-, ɡe- | | za-, zo- | | za-, zo- | |
| happen | ho- | ó- | ho- | | ó- | | | |
| hear | xun- | hun- | śun- | | un- | | | |
| hit | mar-, pit-, kila- | mar-, fiț-, kila- | mar-, kela- | | | | | |
| kill | mar-, mari pela- | mar-, mari de- | mar-, mere fel-, mariya fal- | | | | | |
| know | zan- | zan- | jan- | | | | | |
| laugh | hãh- | aś- | haś- | | aś- | | | |
| learn | xik-, xikh- | hik- | śekh-, śikh- | | | | | hik- |
| lie (in bed) | baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por- | xait o-, hut- | shuye por- | | | | | |
| live | thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak- | tax-, zia-, basi tax- | thak-, jibito thak-, jinda thak-, bece thak-, bãchiya thak- | | thah- | | | |
| look | sa- | sa- | dekh-, ca-, taka- | | sa- | | | |
| open | khul- | kúa- | khol-, khul- | | uid-, khúl- | | | |
| play | khel- | xél- | khel- | | | | | |
| pull | tan- | ṭan- | ṭan- | | | | | |
| push | thel- | ṭel-, dekka- | ṭhel- | | | | | |
| read | porh/poh/por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | | foṛ- | | | |
| run | dour-, daur- | douṛ- | douṛa-, choṭ-, chuṭ- | | dũr- | | | |
| say | ko-, mat-, bul- | xo-, mat- | bol-, ko- | ho- | ho- | | | |
| scratch | ãsür- | xawza-, xamsa- | ãcoṛ de-, ãcṛa-, khamca- | | | | | |
| see | dekh- | dex- | dekh- | | sa- | | | |
| sew | xi-, sila-, bo- (weave) | sia- | śela-, śila | | | | | |
| sing | ɡa-, gan ga- | ɡa- | ɡa-, gan ga- | | | | | |
| sit | boh- | bo- | boś- | | bo- | | | |
| sleep | xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar- | hut-, ɡúma- | ɡhuma-, śo-, śu- | | ɡhum za- | | | |
| smell | xuṅ- | huṅ(ɡ)- | śũk-, śõk- | | ũ- | | | |
| spit | thu pela-, pik-, pik pela- | sef fal-, fik fal- (betel nut/leaf) | thu phel-, thu phal- | | | | | |
| split | phal- | atra- | bhag kor-, bhang- | | | | | |
| squeeze | sep-, hẽs- | sif- | cap-, pesh-, cip- | | | | | |
| stand | thio ho-, thia- | uba- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | | | thio- | tía- | |
| stab | khũs-, han- | kus-, gauua- | | | | | | |
| suck | suh-, sup-, xüh- | sua- | chosh-, chush- | | | | | |
| swell | | ful-, fit- | | | phuler | | | |
| swim | xatũr- | hatra- | śatar kor-, shatra- | | | | | |
| think | bhab-, sinta kor-, sint- | bab-, sinta xor- | bhab-, cinta kôr-, mone kôr- | | | | | |
| throw | dolia- | ița-, iṭa mar- | chõṛ-, ḍhêla mar-, dol- | | | | | |
| tie | bandh- | ban(d)- | bãdh- | | | | | |
| vomit | bomi kor- | bait xor- | bomi kor- | | | | | |
| walk | khüz karh-, bul- | aṭ- | hãṭ- | | ãd- | | | |
| want | lag-, bisar- | maɡ-, sa- | ca- | | sa- | | | |
| wash | dhu- | dó- | dho- | | | | dú- | |
| wipe | mos-, müs- | fus-, mus- | moch-, much-, poch-, puch- | | | | | |
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong |