OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tommy Lowne

Thomas Benjamin Lowne (15 May 1919 – September 2008 ) was a member of the Amateur Boxing Association (A.B.A.) and represented England on many occasions.

## Biography

Thomas Benjamin Lowne was born 15 May 1919, St Pancras Hospital, London NW1 to James Richard Peter Lowne and Alice Amy Lowne (née Ellson). He was the 11th of 14 children.
Lowne became a boxer while attending Medburn School, St Pancras, and was also a member of the school football and cricket teams. In March 1930 he received the Medburn Senior Boys School, Champion Under 4 Stone Boxing Championship certificate.
Lowne was called up in June under the Military Training Act 1939 and applied to join the RAF, stating a preference for Air Crew duties. He was called up for active service in March 1940, initially serving in the barrage balloon Corps and subsequently as a tail gunner with 267 Squadron Transportation Ops Mediterranean, North Africa.
Lowne, as a rear gunner, took part in numerous sorties in the Middle East, Cairo, Jerusalem, Palestine, Alexandria, Egypt, Baghdad and Tehran. In May 1943 the squadron was transferred to the North West African coastal Air Force and the general reconnaissance role which later that year helped protect the convoys taking part in the invasion of Sicily and Italy. Lowne remained in Italy for the rest of the war, after which he returned to the United Kingdom where he resumed his boxing career.
In 1945 Lowne received the RAF Wartime Boxing Award and in August 1947 was invited to join the 1948 Olympic Games Training Team by the ABA.
Thomas Lowne married three times, Doris Schuman (daughter Andrea b 1949, son Trevor b 1952), Marion Just (daughter Karina b 1958), Heather Howell (daughter Nicole, son Tristan b 1973).
He is survived by his third wife Heather, and his four children.

## Trophies and awards

* The Times A.B.C., 8 st 6 lb, Open Novices Competition 1939, Presented By Lewis C.Lyne Esq.
* Winner T Lowne 10.2.1939
* North West London Divisional Championships, 1.4.47, 8 st 0 lb, Winner
* England v Scotland Wembley, 14 January 1948, T. Lowne
* London ABA Championships, 1949–50, Fly Weight, WINNER
* London v The Army, Royal Albert Hall 30-11-50
* NW DIV ABA v Northern Counties ABA, December 1950
* NW DIV London ABA Championships, 1953, WINNER
* Coronation Representative Match, Hove 1953
* Southern Counties ABA, London ABA North – Western Div.
* London Amateur Boxing Association, Runner-up Fly Weight Championship Empress Hall 25.3.1953
* The winner of F. Park's Trophy, T Lowne, 1953
Other undated awards and trophies:
* War Time Prize
* Senior Boxing Championships, Fly Weight, WINNER
* NW London Division ABA, Fly Weight, 8 st 0 lb, WINNER
Towards the end of his fighting career he was put forward to represent England as part of the 1948 London Olympics boxing team.
# Frank Leith Jones

Frank Leith Jones Jr. (born 5 September 1951) is an American academic, public servant and military historian. He published his first book in 2013, Blowtorch: Robert Komer, Vietnam, and American Cold War Strategy, a biography of Robert Komer who served as "national security policy and strategy adviser" to three Presidents. In 2020, he published Sam Nunn: Statesman of the Nuclear Age, a study of the impact Senator Nunn had on US national security and policy during the Cold War and its immediate aftermath.

## Early life and education

Frank Leith Jones was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Lawrence University, a Master of Public Administration degree from the University at Albany (SUNY), and a PhD in political science from Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.

## Career
### Public Service

Jones first joined the United States Army as a commissioned officer during the Vietnam era. In 1979, he switched to public service as a civilian serving as a President Management Intern with the Department of the Army. Subsequently, he held a number of high-ranking positions in the Department of Defense. In 2006, he retired as a career member of the Senior Executive Service.

### Academia

After leaving public service, Jones turned to teaching Security Studies as a professor at the U.S Army War College in Carlisle, PA.

### Awards

Jones was awarded the "Brigadier General James L. Collins Jr. Book Prize In Military History" for the best book written in English on U.S. military history, 2015 by the U.S. Commission on Military History.

## Selected publications

* A "Hollow Army" Reappraised: President Carter, Defense Budgets, and the Politics of Military Readiness.
* Blowtorch : Robert Komer, Vietnam, and American Cold War strategy. Annapolis, Maryland : Naval Institute Press, [2013] ISBN 9781612512280. OCLC 813910349.
* Sam Nunn: Statesman of the Nuclear Age. Lawrence, KS : University Press of Kansas, [2020] ISBN 9780700630127. OCLC 1145089936.

## Personal

Jones is the son of Frank Leith Jones Sr. and Marie Clementine Smith.
On 29 January 1977, Jones Jr. married Sharon Marie Peters in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
# Plumbagin

Plumbagin or 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is an organic compound with the chemical formula C $_{11}$H $_8$O $_3$. It is regarded as a toxin and it is genotoxic and mutagenic.
Plumbagin is a yellow dye, formally derived from naphthoquinone.
It is named after the plant genus Plumbago, from which it was originally isolated. It is also commonly found in the carnivorous plant genera Drosera and Nepenthes. It is also a component of the black walnut drupe.
# Who Funds You?

Who Funds You? is a project that rates and promotes the transparency of funding sources for think tanks. The project scored think tanks according to four criteria, namely whether the organisation discloses its income, whether it publishes financial details online, whether individual donors and the amounts of each donation are published, and whether corporate donors are named and the amounts of each donation published. The project's first report into think tank transparency was published in June 2012. According to Martin Bright of The Spectator, the "exercise seems to demonstrate that left-leaning think tanks are more transparent than right-wing ones".
The project was established and managed by volunteers between 2012 and 2019. In 2022, the project was re-launched by openDemocracy, using the same methodology.

## Assessment

Who Funds You? assesses and then rates organisations on a scale from A to E, where organisations given an A grade are considered the most transparent about their funding, while organisations given an E grade are the least transparent.
Some think tanks and their grades are:
A (most transparent):
* Fabian Society
* Institute for Fiscal Studies
* Institute for Public Policy Research
* New Economics Foundation
* Resolution Foundation
* Tax Justice Network
* Unlock Democracy
E (least transparent):
* Adam Smith Institute
* Centre for Policy Studies
* Centre for Social Justice
* Civitas
* Legatum Institute
* Policy Exchange
* ResPublica
* TaxPayers’ Alliance
# José Luis Rodríguez García

José Luis Rodríguez García was the Cuban Minister of Economy and Planning. He was also a Vice President of the Cuban Council of Ministers and an elected member of the National Assembly of Cuba. He was the Minister of Finance from 1994 to 1995. Rodríguez was Minister of Economy and Planning since 1998. He was replaced by Internal Trade Minister Marino Murillo in March 2009.

## Biography

Rodríguez was born in Havana in 1946. He was a political activist during his early years becoming leader of the Federation of Secondary Students, the Federation of University Students, and the Union of Communist Youth. He graduated in Economics in the late 1960s and then joined the Centro de Investigaciones de la Economía Mundial (CIEM), the most influential Cuban think-tank in global economics. Since becoming economic minister Rodríguez has participated in various economic seminars and forums throughout the world, including Davos, Switzerland.
# Oscar Vilhelmsson

Oscar Ingemar Kristoffer Vilhelmsson (born 2 October 2003) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays for German 2. Bundesliga club Darmstadt 98 as a forward.

## Club career

On 12 July 2022, Vilhelmsson signed a four-year contract with Darmstadt 98 in Germany.

## Career statistics

    As of match played on 9 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Göteborg | 2019 | Allsvenskan | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Göteborg | 2020 | Allsvenskan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Göteborg | 2021 | Allsvenskan | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 2 |
| Göteborg | 2022 | Allsvenskan | 11 | 2 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 3 |
| Göteborg | Total | Total | 28 | 4 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 5 |
| Darmstadt 98 | 2022–23 | 2. Bundesliga | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 2 |
| Darmstadt 98 | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 26 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 27 | 4 |
| Darmstadt 98 | Total | Total | 40 | 6 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 42 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 68 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 11 |
# Karl Hopfner

Karl Hopfner (born 28 August 1952) is a German football executive who has worked for Bayern Munich. In addition to his role at Bayern Munich, he is on UEFA's committee for club tournaments, a member of the board of the Deutsche Fußball Liga and the German Football Association. He is known for turning around the club's finances when the club had massive debts when he was first hired in 1983. Hopfner was elected President of the FC Bayern München eV.

## Career

Hopfner applied for Managing Director of the FC Bayern München eV in 1982 after seeing a "local" job ad. He eventually got the job and started the position in 1983. He eventually became managing director of FC Bayern München Sport-Werbe GmbH and eventually, from 2002, a member of the vorstand of FC Bayern München AG. He was in–charge of finance as part of his role on the vorstand. He was set to leave the club at the end of 2012 for health reasons. However, at the club's annual general meeting on 15 November 2012, Hopfner was elected as Senior Vice President of FC Bayern München eV. Bayern announced on 26 September 2012 that Jan-Christian Dreesen would replace Hopfner on the vorstand. Dreesen took over on 1 February 2013. Following the resignation of Uli Hoeneß, Hopfner was announced as the candidate to become the new President of FC Bayern München e.V. The election was held on 2 May 2014 at the extraordinary general meeting. The result was that he would succeed Hoeneß as the new club president. During his career at Bayern, Hopfner was a member of the board of the Deutsche Fußball Liga and the German Football Association and also sits on the club commission for UEFA.
# Pieno žvaigždės

Pieno žvaigždės is fourth-largest dairy products company in Lithuania., uniting Mažeikiai dairy, Kaunas dairy, Pasvalys creamery and company "Panevėžio pienas".
Pieno žvaigždės is listed in the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius under the ticker symbol PZV1L.
The company president is Aleksandr Smagin.
In 2014, due to sanctions on Russia, the company stopped its exports to Kaliningrad.
Since 2015, the company has started exporting its products to Chile.

## History

In 1998, company was founded after the merger of the companies "Mažeikių pieninė" (founded in 1926) and "Pasvalio sūrai" (founded in 1948). In 2000, the company "Kauno pienas" (founded in 1936) joined, in 2004 - Panevėžio pienas" (founded in 1942).
# Felipe Azevedo

Felipe Azevedo dos Santos (born 10 January 1987) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for América Mineiro as an attacking midfielder.

## Honours
### Sport Recife

* Copa do Nordeste: 2014

### Chiangrai United

* Thai FA Cup: 2017
# Frederick Bagshaw

Frederick Bertram Bagshaw (August 15, 1878 – June 19, 1966) was an English-born lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He was a soldier's representative in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1917 to 1921.
He was born in Southport, Lancashire. Bagshaw served overseas with the Canadian Cavalry and was wounded twice during World War I.
Bagshaw represented Saskatchewan soldiers serving in Belgium in the assembly. From 1941 to 1945, he was enforcement counsel for the Wartime Prices and Trade Board. Bagshaw was awarded the OBE. He worked with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind and the Great War Veterans' Association. Bagshaw was named to the Regina Library Board in 1941 and served for 21 years.
Bagshaw Place in Regina was named in his honour.
# Aimee Sutorius

Aimee Sutorius (born 27 May 1979) is a former New Zealand rugby union and sevens player. She competed at an international level for New Zealand and at provincial level for Wellington. She also played for the Black Ferns sevens side.

## Rugby career
### XVs

In 2001, she was a trialist for the Black Ferns ahead of their two-test series against England in June. She fought season-ending injuries in 2003 and 2005. She made her test debut for the Black Ferns on 20 October 2007 against Australia at Porirua.
Sutorius featured in the two tests against the Wallaroos at Canberra in 2008. Her last appearance for the Black Ferns was against an England A side at Esher on 17 November 2009.
She was selected for the Black Ferns training squad ahead of the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup in England.
In 2015, Sutorius was named in a wider Black Ferns training squad for a 12-month high performance training programme beginning in 2016 in preparation for the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

### Sevens

She part of the Black Ferns sevens trial squad for the inaugural Women's Rugby World Cup Sevens in Dubai. Sutorius focused on sevens in 2012 in hopes of a gold medal as rugby was making its return to the Olympics in Rio.

### Coaching career

Sutorius was the Elite U18s coach for the Rhinos Rugby Academy in California in 2017. In 2019, she coached the Otago women's sevens team for the national sevens tournament. She was the Women's High Performance Player Development Manager for Otago Rugby in 2021. She was announced as the Women's Head Coach for Northern United Rugby Football Club for the 2022 season.
Sutorius was named as an assistant coach for the Wellington Pride in the 2023 Farah Palmer Cup.
# Takatoshi Iwamura

Takatoshi Iwamura (December 8, 1845 – January 4, 1906) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from May to July 1898. He was governor of Saga Prefecture (1874), Ehime Prefecture (1874–1880), Ishikawa Prefecture (1883–1890), Aichi Prefecture (1890–1892) and Fukuoka Prefecture (1895–1898).
| Preceded byEgi Yasunao | Governor of Ehime Prefecture 1874-1880 | Succeeded byShinpei Seki |
| Preceded by | Governor of Ishikawa Prefecture 1883-1890 | Succeeded byShiba Sankarasu |
| Preceded byShirane Sen'ichi | Governor of Aichi Prefecture 1890–1892 | Succeeded bySadaaki Senda |
| Preceded byAsada Tokunori | Governor of Hiroshima Prefecture May–July 1898 | Succeeded byHattori Ichizo |
# Fumito Tomoi

Fumito Tomoi (友井 史人), born 16 December 1974 in Nagoya, Japan) is a Japanese television host and entrepreneur that lived in Lithuania for 14 years. He was the host of Takeši Pilis, a popular Lithuanian show based on the Japanese TV show Takeshi's Castle.
Tomoi Fumito arrived to Lithuania in 1993, studied philology and history, 2006 completed archaeologic master's degree in Vilnius University.
# Inderbir Singh Bolaria

Inderbir Singh Bolaria is an Indian politician and belongs to Indian national congress. He is a Chief Parliamentary Secretary (Education) of Punjab and member of Punjab Legislative Assembly and represents Amritsar South.

## Family

He is son of Raminder Singh Bolaria, a former MLA from Amritsar South.

## Political career

Bolaria was elected to Punjab Legislative Assembly in Amritsar South constituency by-election in 2008, which was vacated due to death of sitting MLA and his father Raminder Singh Bolaria. He was re-elected as MLA from this constituency in 2012 and Punjab Government made him a Chief Parliamentary Secretary (Education) of Punjab. He was re-elected in 2012. Bolaria was one of the 42 INC MLAs who submitted their resignation in protest of a decision of the Supreme Court of India ruling Punjab's termination of the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) water canal unconstitutional.

## Electoral performance

Punjab Assembly election, 2017: Amritsar South :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | Inderbir Singh Bolaria | 47,581 | 50.96 |
| | AAP | Inderbir Singh Nijjar | 24923 | 26.7 |
| | SAD | Gurpartap Singh Tikka | 16596 | 17.78 |
| | Independent | Maninder Pal Singh Palasour | 1343 | 1.44 |
| | CPI | Lakhwinder Singh | 726 | 0.78 |
| | BSP | Sushil Kumar | 446 | 0.48 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 723 | 0.77 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 148,809 | |
Assembly Election, 2022: Amritsar South :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | AAP | Inderbir Singh Nijjar | 53,053 | 50.1 |
| | SAD | Talbir Singh | 25550 | 24.13 |
| | INC | Inderbir Singh Bolaria | 22467 | 21.22 |
| | PLC | Harjinder Singh Thekedar | 1566 | 1.48 |
| | SAD(A) | Pritpal Singh | 1204 | 1.14 |
| | RRP | Ritish Khanna | 64 | 0.06 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 632 | 0.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 27503 | 25.97 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 177,605 | |
# Vello Salum

Vello Salum (5 July 1933 – 30 November 2015) was an Estonian Lutheran clergyman, Soviet dissident, and politician.
Salum was born in Elistvere in Tartu County. His father August Johannes Salum was a veterinarian and politician. He was a member of Constitutional Assembly of Estonia.
In 2000, he was awarded with Order of the National Coat of Arms, III class. Salum died on 30 November 2015 in Viljandi and was buried on 10 December 2015 in Pilistvere Cemetery.
# Karl Kõiv

Karl Kõiv (3 December 1894 – 6 August 1974) was an Estonian featherweight weightlifter who won a silver medal at the 1922 World Weightlifting Championships and placed seventh at the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1922–25 he headed the weightlifting section of the Estonian Sports Union. Later he worked as a weightlifting coach and referee, and in this capacity attended the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Frederick Clause

Frederick Rushbrook Clause (2 December 1791 – 10 November 1852) was a naval surgeon, an early explorer in Western Australia, and an artist.
Clause was born on 2 December 1791, and was appointed a surgeon with the Royal Navy on 15 September 1813. In February 1826 he joined James Stirling's ship HMS Success, serving with it until August 1828. Consequently, he was on board Success in March 1827 when it arrived at the Swan River, on an exploration expedition for the purpose of assessing the area's suitability for establishing a British colony there. After exploring the coastal waters off the Swan River, Stirling selected a party of eighteen men, including Clause, to explore up the river. About a mile (1.6 km) north of the present-day location of the Causeway, a fresh water brook and lagoon was discovered, which Stirling named Clause's Brook and Clause's Lagoon respectively. These are now known as Claise Brook and Claisebrook Cove. The party camped at that lagoon on their first night.
The party eventually travelled up the Swan River as far as the junction with Ellen Brook. Before turning back, Stirling divided the party into three groups, sending them in different directions. Stirling and Clause explored to the west, where they found a fresh water brook, probably Bennett Brook.
At the end of the expedition, Clause wrote a letter on the healthiness of the climate, in support of Stirling's observations on the territory, and Charles Frazer's comments on the soil.
Some time later, Clause painted an oil painting of the party's camp at Clause's Brook. Believed to be based on a sketch by the expedition's artist Frederick Garling, it was etched and lithographed by the marine artist William John Huggins, and published under the name Setting Camp of the Naval Survey Expedition at Clause's Lagoon, Western Australia. As Garling's paintings were considered part of the official correspondence of the expedition, they were not published, so Clause's painting was the only painting of the Swan River area to be published before the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829.
Little is known of Clause's later life. In 1836 he married Mary Brooks at Hackney, Middlesex, England. He was still on the navy lists as late as 1841, but was then listed as unfit for active duties. He died on 10 November 1852 at Milton-next-Gravesend, Kent at the age of 60.

## General references

* Shoobert, Joanne, ed. (2005). Western Australian Exploration: Volume One, December 1826–December 1825. Victoria Park, Western Australia: Hesperian Press. ISBN 0-85905-351-2. OCLC 62546833.
* Statham-Drew, Pamela (2003). James Stirling: Admiral and Founding Governor of Western Australia. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 1-876268-94-8. LCCN 2003464253. OCLC 52767790. OL 3760974M.
# Ehrhart's volume conjecture

In the geometry of numbers, Ehrhart's volume conjecture gives an upper bound on the volume of a convex body containing only one lattice point in its interior. It is a kind of converse to Minkowski's theorem, which guarantees that a centrally symmetric convex body K must contain a lattice point as soon as its volume exceeds $2^{n}$. The conjecture states that a convex body K containing only one lattice point in its interior as its barycenter cannot have volume greater than $(n+1)^{n}/n!$:
    $\operatorname {Vol} (K)\leq {\frac {(n+1)^{n}}{n!}}.$
Equality is achieved in this inequality when $K=(n+1)\Delta _{n}$ is a copy of the standard simplex in Euclidean n-dimensional space, whose sides are scaled up by a factor of $n+1$. Equivalently, $K=(n+1)\Delta _{n}$ is congruent to the convex hull of the vectors $-\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathbf {e} _{i}$, and $(n+1)\mathbf {e} _{j}-\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathbf {e} _{i}$ for all $j=1,\ldots ,n$. Presented in this manner, the origin is the only lattice point interior to the convex body K.
The conjecture, furthermore, asserts that equality is achieved in the above inequality if and only if K is unimodularly equivalent to $(n+1)\Delta _{n}$.
Ehrhart proved the conjecture in dimension 2 and in the case of simplices.
# 1,3-Propanediol

1,3-Propanediol is the organic compound with the formula CH$_2$(CH$_2$OH)$_2$. This 3-carbon diol is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water.

## Products

It is mainly used as a building block in the production of polymers such as polytrimethylene terephthalate.
1,3-Propanediol can be formulated into a variety of industrial products including composites, adhesives, laminates, coatings, moldings, aliphatic polyesters, and copolyesters. It is also a common solvent. It is used as an antifreeze and as a component in wood paint.

## Production

1,3-Propanediol is mainly produced by the hydration of acrolein. An alternative route involves the hydroformylation of ethylene oxide to form 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. The aldehyde is subsequently hydrogenated to give 1,3-propanediol. Biotechnological routes are also known.
Two other routes involve bioprocessing by certain micro-organisms:
* Conversion from glucose effected by a genetically modified strain of E. coli by DuPont Tate & Lyle BioProducts (See: bioseparation of 1,3-propanediol). An estimated 120,000 tons were produced in 2007". According to DuPont, the Bio-PDO process uses 40% less energy than conventional processes, Because of DuPont and Tate & Lyle's success in developing a renewable Bio-PDO process, the American Chemical Society awarded the Bio-PDO research teams the "2007 Heroes of Chemistry" award.
* Conversion from glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel production) using Clostridium diolis bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae.

## Safety

1,3-Propanediol does not appear to pose a significant hazard via inhalation of either the vapor or a vapor/aerosol mixture.