OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Curonian colonisation

Curonian colonisation was the colonisation efforts of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (today part of Latvia), a vassal duchy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Small, but wealthy, the Duchy took a modest part in the European colonization settlement attempts of West Africa and the Caribbean.

## History

Like Brandenburg, which had far larger German colonising power before the formation of the German Empire, the Duchy of Courland had a European crusading past. The colonies were established under Jacob, Duke of Courland and Semigallia, and were one of the two Curonian colonies. The second colony was Gambia River in Africa. During his reign (1642–1682), the Duchy established trading relations with all of the major European powers.
Jacob established one of the largest merchant fleets in Europe, with its main harbours in Windau (today Ventspils), and Libau (today Liepāja). His fleet made voyages to the West Indies as early as 1637 when the settlers established the first colony on Tobago. The first colony was a failure, but it was refounded in 1639.
In 1651, Courland and Semigallia leased a colony in Africa on St. Andrew's Island in the Gambia River from the Kingdom of Niumi and went on to build Fort Jakob on the island. The Duchy also leased St. Mary Island (modern-day Banjul) from Kombo and Fort Jillifree from Niumi. The Courland and Semigallia's colonies exported sugar, tobacco, coffee, cotton, ginger, indigo, rum, cocoa, tortoise shells, as well as tropical birds and their much sought after feathers. In the end, the Duchy would manage to retain control of these lands for less than a decade and the colonies were formally ceded to England in 1664.
The colonies were lost when Courland and Semigallia's neighbours took advantage of its weakened defences during the Northern Wars, when Jakob was held captive by the Swedish Army from 1658 to 1660. After the end of the war, the island of Tobago was returned to Courland. However, the Duchy ended up abandoning the island in 1666. In 1668, a Curonian ship attempted to reoccupy Fort Jacob but was driven off by the Dutch garrison stationed on the island. The Courland Monument near Great Courland Bay commemorates the Duchy's settlements.

## Former colonies

* St. Andrews Island or Courlander Gambia was also the later British Fort James. (1651–1660, 1660–1661)
* New Courland, on Tobago (1637, 1642, 1654–1659, 1680–1690)
# Burak Kaplan

Burak Kaplan (born 1 February 1990) is a Turkish-German former professional football midfielder who played as an attacking midfielder or left winger.

## Club career

Kaplan made his Bundesliga debut on 11 December 2009 for Bayer Leverkusen against Hertha BSC. He scored the 2–1 go-ahead goal in the 90th minute, only to see the 2–2 equalizing goal be scored by the other club in the additional time. Subsequently, on 13 December 2009, he signed a professional contract with Leverkusen for three years until 2012.
In July 2014, his contract with Beşiktaş was dissolved and he joined German fourth tier Regionalliga West side Wattenscheid 09.
# Carlos Grossmüller

Carlos Javier Grossmüller (born 4 May 1983) is a Uruguayan football manager and former player who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Born in Montevideo, Uruguay, Grossmüller began his footballing career in 1988, at the age of five, as a youth player with his local team, Ombu.
In 2002, he made his professional debut for Primera División Uruguaya side Danubio, making mostly substitute appearances for the next two seasons, but being part of the 2004 championship team.
In 2004, he was sent on loan to Centro Atlético Fénix to gain experience, where he made six appearances in the Segunda División Uruguay before going back to Danubio. During the next two seasons at Danubio, he went on to play 52 league games, netted 13 goals, and won two more titles, (2006 Apertura, 2007 Clausura) which prompted interest from German side Schalke 04. Schalke later signed him in the summer of 2007 on a four-year contrac.
His first goal in the Bundesliga, a free kick against Werder Bremen, went on to be nominated as "Goal of the Month" in German television. On 31 August 2009, he returned to his former club Danubio on loan until 30 June 2010. On 30 July 2010, he was signed by newly promoted Serie A side Lecce. After Lecce were relegated at the end of the 2011–12 season, he returned to Uruguay and joined Peñarol on 22 August 2012.
In 2013, he joined Cerro and played with them until 2014.
He made another return to Danubio in 2018 and left the club in 2020.

## International career

He made his début with the Uruguay national team against Mexico in 2003.
# Bertrand du Pouget

Bertrand du Pouget (Italian: Bertrando del Poggetto; c. 1280 – 3 February 1352) was a French papal diplomat and Cardinal.
Bertrand was born in around 1280 in Castelnau-Montratier in the Lot department of south-western France. He may have been a nephew of Pope John XXII. As cardinal he was closely involved in dealing with the practical consequences of the migration of the papacy to Avignon, and also in striving to uphold papal prestige in Italy, for example by artistic commissions in Bologna. He expelled Galeazzo I Visconti, imperial vicar for Emperor Henry VII, from Piacenza and in 1329 arranged for a public burning of Dante's De monarchia.
He was created cardinal priest of S. Marcello in 1316, and became bishop of Ostia in 1327. He participated in the conclave of 1334 that elected Pope Benedict XII and the conclave of 1342 that elected Pope Clement VI. He died on 3 February 1352. His funeral was held in the church of the Cordeliers in Avignon and he was buried at the church of the Monastery of Clarisse de Saint-Marcel du Puget that he had founded.
# Sailing at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games

The sailing competition at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games was held in Veracruz, Mexico.
The tournament was scheduled to be held from 23 to 28 November at Camino Real Beach, Veramar Marina and Anton Lizardo Herioic Navy School.

## Medal summary
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| RS:X | David M. Mier y Teran (MEX) | Ignacio Berenguer (MEX) | Daniel Flores (VEN) |
| Laser | Juan I. Maegli (GUA) | Cy Chris Thompson (ISV) | Enrique J. Arathoon (ESA) |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| RS:X | Demita Vega (MEX) | Nicole I. Level (MEX) | Dismary Bonillo (VEN) |
| Laser Radial | Philipine van Aanholt (ARU) | Daniela Rivera (VEN) | Andrea D. Aldana (GUA) |

### Open events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sunfish | David Gonzalez (VEN) | Julio Silva (VEN) | Jacobo Margules (MEX) |
| Snipe | Puerto Rico (PUR) Raul A. Rios Fernando I. Monllor | Cuba (CUB) Raul M. Diaz Rafael R. Garcia | Puerto Rico (PUR) Agustin Lazaro Juan F. Negron |
| Hobie Cat 16 | Puerto Rico (PUR) Enrique Figueroa Franchesca Valdes | Venezuela (VEN) Yamil Saba Gonzalo Cendra | Guatemala (GUA) Jason A. Hess Irene Abascal |
| J-24 | U.S. Virgin Islands (ISV) Taylor Canfield Addison Caproni Max Nicbarg Phillip Shannon | Guatemala (GUA) Juan E. Maegli Eduardo Cabarrus José X. Castillo Rodrigo Aguirre | Puerto Rico (PUR) Efrain Lugo Melvin Gonzalez Pablo A. Mendez Alejandro J. Berrios |

## Medal table

* Host nation (Mexico)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Mexico* | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Puerto Rico | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Venezuela | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 4 | Guatemala | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 5 | U.S. Virgin Islands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Aruba | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Cuba | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | El Salvador | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | Totals (8 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
# Regions of Argentina

The provinces of Argentina are often grouped into eight geographical regions.

## Regions

From West to East and North to South, these are:
* Pampas region: Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, La Pampa and Entre Ríos
* Argentine Northwest: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, Santiago del Estero and La Rioja
* Cuyo region: San Juan, Mendoza and San Luis
* Argentine Northeast: Misiones, Corrientes, Formosa and Chaco
* Eastern Patagonia: Río Negro, Neuquén, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
* Argentine Antarctica: Tierra del Fuego
And is sometimes considered as a region:
* Argentine Littoral: Entre Ríos, Misiones, Corrientes, Santa Fe, Formosa and Chaco
Nevertheless, there are different approaches to the Argentine regions. The Pampas are often separated into Humid Pampa and Dry Pampas, and sometimes in Llanura Pampeana and Sierras Pampeanas. Other geographical analysis include other defined regions, being Comahue and Chaco Central among the most common.
Regardless of the regions system used, some provinces are shared by more than one region. For instance, Southwestern Santiago del Estero is sometimes considered part of the Sierras area, or even the Humid Pampa, while the Southern part of La Pampa is sometimes called Dry Pampa and included in Patagonia. Finally, La Rioja is sometimes considered part of Cuyo region instead of the Northwest.
Finally, the portion of the Antarctica claimed by Argentina is known as Argentine Antarctica, in which lay a number of Argentine bases.

## Extended regions

* Pampas region
** Humid Pampa
** Dry Pampa
* Argentine Northwest
* Cuyo region
* Argentine Northeast
* Eastern Patagonia
** Comahue
* Argentine Antarctica (under Antarctic Treaty)
* Argentine Littoral
** Mesopotamia

## Nautral Regions

* Humid Pampas
* Argentine Espinal
* High Monte
* Central Andean dry puna
* Southern Andean steppe
* Southern Andean Yungas
* Dry Chaco
* Humid Chaco
* Monte Desert
* Valdivian temperate forests
* Patagonian Desert
* Magellanic subpolar forests
* Paraná flooded savanna
* Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna
* Alto Paraná Atlantic forests
# Frizatik

Frizatik was a silver currency minted in the town of Friesach in Carinthia since early 12th until mid-14th century. It was primarily coined by the Archbishops of Salzburg.

## Croatian frizatik

There existed so-called Croatian frizatik's, used in the Kingdom of Croatia since the end of the 12th century until mid-13th century, minted by the Hungarians noblemen/rulers, like Andrew II of Hungary, who held the title of Duke of Slavonia (i.e. of Croatia and Dalmatia), and sometimes Ban of Croatia. Some coin types showcase a moving leopard/lion.
Since the 13th century was minted more widespread and notable Banovac.
# Guará

Guará is a municipality situated in the northern part of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 21,308 (2020 est.) in an area of 362 km$^2$. The elevation is 573 m.
This place name comes from the Tupi language for two animals common in the region, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber).
# Vladimir Karpov

Vladimir Vasilyevich Karpov (Russian: Владимир Васильевич Карпов; 28 July 1922 – 18 January 2010) was a Soviet soldier, writer of historical novels and public figure. He was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union for bravery in World War II.
Karpov was born in Orenburg, and moved to Tashkent as a child. He graduated from the Tashkent Military academy in 1941 when he was also the middleweight boxing champion of Uzbekistan. He was repressed in 1941 and transferred to a punishment battalion on the Kalinin Front in 1942. He was rehabilitated due to bravery in the face of the enemy in 1943 and promoted to lieutenant. He was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944 for capturing 79 prisoners.
After the war, Karpov attended the Frunze Military Academy (1947) and served in Central Asia, retiring as a regimental commander and chief of staff of a division in 1966.
Karpov started writing in 1945 and graduated from the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute via a correspondence course in 1954. From 1947 to 1954 he worked in GRU. From 1966 he was editor of the magazine Oktyabr in Uzbekistan and became editor of the magazine Novy Mir between 1981 and 1986. From 1986 to 1991, he was first secretary of the Union of Soviet Writers.
Karpov was in participant the movie The Soviet Story.
Karpov died in Moscow and is buried in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery.

## Awards

* Hero of the Soviet Union
* Order of Lenin (2)
* Order of the October Revolution
* Order of the Red Banner
* Order of the Patriotic War 1st class
* Order of the Red Star (2)
* Medal "For Courage"
* Medal "For Battle Merit"
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour
* campaign and jubilee medals
# Field Farm (Ferrisburgh, Vermont)

Field Farm is a historic farm property on Fuller Mountain Road in Ferrisburgh, Vermont. Developed around the turn of the 19th century, the property includes an early farmhouse and barn, as well as outbuildings representative of Vermont's trends in agriculture over two centuries. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

## Description and history

Field Farm is located in rural eastern Ferrisburgh, on the west side of Fuller Mountain Road. The property consists of about 83 acres (34 ha), bounded on the east by Fuller Mountain Road and the north by a now-disused former town road. The eastern two-thirds of the property consists of open fields, while the western third, located across a brook that feeds Little Otter Creek, is mostly wooded. Most of the farm's buildings are located in a cluster near the road at the northeast corner of the property. The house is a 1-1/2 story Cape style structure, with a side gable roof and clapboarded exterior. It is unusual for its seven-bay width, which includes two doorways framed by Greek Revival surrounds. It has high knee walls on the upper level, a characteristic typical of early Addison County Capes. Also on the property are two English barns, one contemporaneous to the house, three smaller 19th-century outbuildings, and a 20th-century silo.
The farm is one of the original farmsteads to be developed along Fuller Mountain Road. Its original developer, Archibald Collins, acquired the property in 1787, and the farmhouse may well have been built by him around 1807. In the 1830s it was given the Greek Revival styling it now has, and it is possible the house dates to that period as well. The two-story storage barn dates to the same period as the house, while the three-story dairy barn was added about 1850, when dairy farming came into vogue.
# Russ Meers

Russell Harlan Meers (November 28, 1918 – November 16, 1994), nicknamed "Babe", was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago Cubs in 1941, 1946–47.
Meers made his major league debut for the 1941 Chicago Cubs on the final day of the season. In 1942 he was sent down to the Milwaukee Brewers of the American Association. During the season, Meers joined the Navy where he spent more than three years serving during World War II in the Pacific Theater of Operations. Meers rejoined the Cubs after the war, pitching during the 1946 and 1947 seasons.
# Fishback Neighborhood Historic District

The Fishback Neighborhood Historic District is a residential historic district located southeast of the central business district of Fort Smith, Arkansas. The district, originally bounded by Rogers, South Greenwood, and South 31st Streets and Dodson Avenue, was developed out of the former estate of William Meade Fishback in the first three decades of the 20th century. Most of the houses built are Colonial or Classical Revival, or Tudor Revival, although the Craftsman style is also well represented. The district was listed with these bounds in 2010; in 2015 it was enlarged to the west by the addition of properties as far west as South 24th Street.
# Fitzwilliam Common Historic District

The Fitzwilliam Common Historic District encompasses the historic heart of the small town of Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire. The district covers about 13 acres (5.3 ha), and includes the town common, laid out in 1765, and the buildings arrayed around it. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
Although the territory that is now Fitzwilliam was first granted in 1752, it was not settled until 1765 due to a significant number of Indian raids in the area until after the French and Indian War. Its center became the crossing point of a number of turnpikes in the first half of the 19th century, which is when most of the buildings around the common were built. Most of the buildings around the common are either Federal or Greek Revival in their styling. There are only two buildings with later styling, both Italianate: the c. 1870 Henry House, and the 1857 Fitzwilliam Community Church. The Connelly House, a c. 1795 house, was restyled in the 1830s with Greek Revival features.
Prominent public buildings on the common include the 1817 town hall, separately listed on the National Register, the public library, built as a private home in 1804 and sold to the town in 1912, and an early fire engine house from c. 1827. Notable commercial buildings include the Fitzwilliam Inn (1843) and the Fitzwilliam Market (1859).
# Colonial Park Arboretum and Gardens

The Colonial Park Arboretum and Gardens (144 acres) are gardens and an arboretum located in Colonial Park (651 acres), 150 Mettlers Road, in the East Millstone area of Franklin Township, in Somerset County, New Jersey. The grounds are open daily without fee.
The arboretum contains labeled specimens of flowering trees, evergreens, shade trees, dwarf conifers, and flowering shrubs. Some of the genera represented are Abies (firs), Acer (maples), Aesculus (buckeyes), Carpinus (ironwoods), Chamaecyparis (false cypress), Cedrus (cedars), Celtis (hackberries), Cephalotaxus (plum yews), Ilex (hollies), Juniperus (junipers), Picea (spruces), Pinus (pines), Quercus (oaks), and Sorbus (mountain ashes).
The arboretum area also contains several gardens: the Rudolf W. van der Goot Rose Garden, 1-acre (4,000 m$^2$) with more than 3,000 roses of 325 varieties; the Fragrance and Sensory Garden (1981); and the Perennial Garden (1976). The Delaware and Raritan Canal passes along one side of the arboretum.
# Conservation and Environmental Research Areas of UMBC

Conservation and Environmental Research Areas (CERA) of University of Maryland, Baltimore County is a nature preserve on the grounds of the UMBC campus in Baltimore, Maryland. The wooded area is located on the southern end of the campus and is bordered by bwtech@UMBC Research and Technology Park to the north, UMBC Boulevard to the west, Selford and Shelbourne Roads to the south, and athletic fields to the east. CERA is used for education purposes for programs at UMBC such as the departments of Geography and Environmental Systems.

## History

President Freeman Hrabowski dedicated Conservation and Environmental Research Areas on Earth Day, April 22, 1997, "to further our understanding and appreciation of this natural landscape."

## Description

CERA covers about 50 acres of the university landscape, and is located in two different areas. The larger tract, covering approximately 45 acres of the south end of the main campus, contains a wide variety of ecological conditions: mature upland forest, early- and mid- successional forest, and riparian and wetland environments. The second, and much smaller CERA area (about 3 acres), surrounds Pigpen Pond. There are also several areas within CERA where evidence of previous human occupancy and use can be found. In addition to teaching opportunities for faculty, CERA offers a wide range of opportunities for students and faculty to undertake short and long-term research projects in a variety of disciplines.
# Florence Downtown Historic District

Florence Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Florence, Florence County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 24 contributing buildings in the central business district of Florence. The district's buildings were built between about 1890 and 1940. Most buildings are two-story brick buildings with embellished cornices. Many are characterized by flat rooflines, decorative brick moldings, and vertical pilasters. While all the properties have been modified to include modern storefronts, the upper facades are largely intact and retain their integrity.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# Folly Castle Historic District

Folly Castle Historic District, also known as the West Washington Street Historic District, is a national historic district located at Petersburg, Virginia. The district includes 189 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object located in a predominantly residential section of Petersburg. It includes a varied collection of late 18th-and 19th-century houses and includes notable examples of Late Victorian, Georgian, Italianate, Queen Anne, and Federal style architecture. Notable buildings include Folly Castle / Peter Jones V residence (1763, 1865-1885), McIlwaine-Friend residence (1856-1858), Rambout-Donnan residence (c. 1780-1790), former Petersburg High School (1917-1918), Donnan House (c. 1810), First Baptist Church (1928), Couch House (1850s), and St. John's Episcopal Church (1897). Located in the district and separately listed are the Second Presbyterian Church and Strawberry Hill.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with boundary increases in 1992 and 2000.
# Daniel Boone Arboretum

Daniel Boone Arboretum is an arboretum located along a portion of the Daniel Boone Greenway in Harrogate, Tennessee.
The arboretum contains over 60 labeled species of native trees.
# Fort Plain Historic District

Fort Plain Historic District is a national historic district located at Fort Plain in Montgomery County, New York. When first listed it encompassed 536 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 1 contributing structure, and 2 contributing objects in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of the village of Fort Plain. It developed between about 1786 and 1938, and included notable examples of Federal, Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne, and Beaux-Arts style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed United States Post Office. Other notable contributing resources include the Red Mill (c. 1860), Firemen's Home (c. 1830-1840), Methodist Church (1880), Baptist Church (1896), Reformed Church (1887), high school (1915), Nellis Memorial Chapel, Watkins Block (1936), Montgomery Hall (c. 1900), Wick Block (c. 1890), Village Hall (c. 1875), and Fort Plain Cemetery (est. c. 1850).
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012, with a boundary increase in 2022.