OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hiroshi Hara (architect)

Hiroshi Hara (原 広司, Hara Hiroshi, 9 September 1936 – 3 January 2025) was a Japanese architect and author on architecture. His major works, including Kyōto Station, the Umeda Sky Building in Osaka, the Yamato International building in Tokyo, the Sapporo Dome in Hokkaidō, and other important structures in Japan, have earned many awards. With a doctorate in engineering, he was a professor at the University of Tokyo until 1997, and subsequently held an emeritus position.

## Life and career

Hiroshi Hara was born on 9 September 1936. He graduated from the University of Tokyo with a BA in 1959, and subsequently earned an MA in 1961 and a PhD in 1964, also from the University of Tokyo. He became an associate professor in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Tokyo in 1964 and an associate professor at the Institute of Industrial Science at the University of Tokyo in 1969. He attended Harvard University's Summer Seminar in 1968. He collaborated with Atelier Φ for design practices from 1970. In 1982, Hara became professor at the Institute of Industrial Science at the University of Tokyo, and in 1997, professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo. He changed the designation to "Hiroshi Hara + Atelier Φ" from 1999.
Hara died on 3 January 2025, at the age of 88.

## Publications

Hara is not only known as an architect but also as an author of theoretical essays on architecture and cities, amongst others the essay "Discrete City".
* Hiroshi Hara (2009). Yet: Hiroshi Hara (in Japanese) (1st ed.). Tokyo, Japan: TOTO Pub. ISBN 9784887063075.

## Works

* 1974: Hara House, Tokyo
* 1986: Tasaki Museum of Art, Karuizawa, Nagano
* 1987: Naha Municipal Josei Primary School, Naha, Okinawa
* 1987: Yamato International, Ōta, Tokyo
* 1987: Kenju Park 'Forest House', Nakaniida, Miyagi Prefecture
* 1988: Iida City Museum, Iida, Nagano Prefecture
* 1992: Uchiko Municipal Ose Middle School, Uchiko, Ehime
* 1993: Umeda Sky Building, Kita-ku, Osaka
* 1997: Kyoto Station Complex, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto
* 1998: Miyagi Prefectural Library, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture
* 2000: Hiroshima Municipal Motomachi High School, Hiroshima
* 2001: Sapporo Dome, Sapporo, Hokkaidō
* 2001: University of Tokyo, Komaba II Campus, Tokyo
* 2003: Tokamachi Stage, Tokamachi, Niigata
* 2004: Casa Experimental, Montevideo, Uruguay
* 2005: Casa Experimental, Cordoba, Argentina
* 2005: Shimokita Snow-Resistant Dome, Mutsu, Aomori
* 2007: Aizu Gakuho Middle School and High School, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima Prefecture
* 2010: Casa Experimental, La Paz, Bolivia
# Thakkali Srinivasan

Thakkali Srinivasan is an Indian film director, musician and producer who has worked on Tamil films, often involving horror or murder mystery plotlines.

## Career

Thakkali Srinivasan began his career off as a producer and made the science fiction film Nalaya Manithan (1989) directed by Velu Prabhakaran. The success of the film prompted him to produce a sequel titled Adhisaya Manithan (1990) with a different cast, and the project did not perform as well commercially. He had also composed music for the films, along with Premi, forming the Premi–Srini duo largely supported by another music director Manachanallur Giridharan. Subsequently, he directed two films in the 1990s, the horror film Jenma Natchathram (1991) with Nassar and the murder mystery film, Witness (1995) with Raghuvaran in the lead role. He began work on the production of a Pandiarajan-starrer titled Maaruvedam in the late 1990s, but the film was later shelved.
In 2001, he made Asokavanam, another murder mystery film featuring Livignston, Sriman and Riyaz Khan and won mixed reviews for his work. A critic from The Hindu noted that "the script is good in the first half but sags in the second". He later began working on a film titled Satrumun Kidaitha Thagaval (2009) featuring Kanal Kannan, but was replaced midway through production by a debutant director, Bhuvanai Kannan. His latest release was Aduthathu (2011), a thriller about reality show contestants on a desert island, starring Sriman in the lead role.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Director | Producer | Music | Actor | Notes |
| 1987 | Ivargal Varungala Thoongal | N | Y | N | N | |
| 1988 | Manasukkul Mathappu | N | Y | N | N | |
| 1988 | Soora Samhaaram | N | N | N | Y | Kitty's son |
| 1989 | Nalaya Manithan | N | Y | Y | Y | |
| 1989 | Valathu Kalai Vaithu Vaa | N | N | Y | N | |
| 1990 | Adhisaya Manithan | N | Y | Y | N | |
| 1991 | Jenma Natchathram | Y | N | Y | Y | Lawrence |
| 1995 | Witness | Y | N | Y | Y | Srinivasan |
| 1995 | Puthiya Aatchi | N | N | Y | N | |
| 2001 | Asokavanam | Y | N | N | N | |
| 2011 | Aduthathu | Y | N | N | N | |
# Collette Coullard

Collette René Coullard is an American mathematician, industrial engineer, operations researcher, and matroid theorist known for her research on combinatorial optimization problems that combine facility location and stock management. Formerly a professor at Purdue University, the University of Waterloo, Northwestern University, and Lake Superior State University, she has retired to become a professor emeritus.

## Education and career

Coullard graduated in 1980 from Lake Superior State University, and earned her Ph.D. in 1985 from Northwestern University. Her dissertation, Minors of 3-Connected Matroids and Adjoints of Binary Matroids, concerned matroid theory and was supervised by Robert E. Bixby.
She taught at Purdue University and the University of Waterloo before returning to Northwestern as a faculty member in 1990, and retired as a mathematics professor from Lake Superior State University in 2018. She has also visited the University of Bonn as a Humboldt Fellow.

## Recognition

Coullard was a Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence at Northwestern University from 1996 to 1999. In 2003, the Lake Superior State University Alumni Association gave her their annual Kenneth J. Shouldice Achievement Award.
# Manerbe

Manerbe (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Spiritual transformation

Spiritual transformation involves a fundamental change in a person's sacred or spiritual life.
Psychologists examine spiritual transformation within the context of an individual's meaning system, especially in relation to concepts of the sacred or of ultimate concern. Two of the fuller treatments of the concept in psychology come from Kenneth Pargament and from Raymond Paloutzian.
Pargament holds that "at its heart, spiritual transformation refers to a fundamental change in the place of the sacred or the character of the sacred in the life of the individual. Spiritual transformation can be understood in terms of new configurations of strivings" (p. 18).
Paloutzian suggests that "spiritual transformation constitutes a change in the meaning system that a person holds as a basis for self-definition, the interpretation of life, and overarching purposes and ultimate concerns" (p. 334).
One school of thought emphasises the importance of "rigorous self-discipline" in spiritual transformation.

## Research

The Metanexus Institute (founded 1997) in New York has sponsored scientific research on spiritual transformation.

## Terminology

Occurrences of the phrase "spiritual transformation" in Google Books suggest a surge in the popularity of the concept from the late-20th century.
# Shōbu, Saitama

Shōbu (菖蒲町, Shōbu-machi) was a town located in Minamisaitama District, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

## Population

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 21,837 and a density of 797.84 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 27.67 km$^2$.

## Attractions

Shibuya is well known among other parts of Saitama for housing the large shopping complex Mallage, which is a source of shopping and enjoyment for many of Shobus' citizens, and has put Shobu on the map.

## Development

There is a large road, Ken-O expressway which is being built through Shobu at this present time.

## Famous residents

The famous conservationist, Honda Seiroku, who designed many of Japan's city and National parks was born in Shobu.

## History

On March 23, 2010, Shōbu, along with the towns of Kurihashi and Washimiya (both from Kitakatsushika District), was merged into the expanded city of Kuki.

## Radio

At Shōbu, there was Shobu-Kuki transmitter, one of the largest stations for AM and shortwave broadcasting in Japan.
# Oru Ponnu Oru Paiyan

Oru Ponnu Oru Paiyan (transl. A boy and a girl) is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language romance film directed by Naren Deivanayagam. It dwells on the untold love of a pair due to family circumstances. The film stars Sandeep, Roopasree, Shubha Poonja and Madhu. The film was dubbed in Telugu as Mamatha - 100% Prema.

## Plot

Sakthi (Sandeep) is the only son of Sharath Babu and Bhanupriya. Having tired of urban living, the elderly couple takes up residence in a village along with their son. Viswanathan (Madhu) is the head of the village. He is highly respected for his fairness and for his love and compassion for the poor. His granddaughter (played by Roopa) is a village belle. She catches Sakthi's attention as she flits around the village like a butterfly. The two are drawn towards each other and eventually fall in love. Their affair has the tacit blessings of Viswanathan. But it is not going to be a bed of roses for the two as trouble brews up in the person of Sakthi's ex-flame, city-bred glamour girl played by Shubha Punja.

## Cast

* Sandeep as Sakthi
* Roopasree
* Shubha Poonja
* Sarath Babu
* Bhanupriya
* Sadhana
* Charle
* Charan Raj
* Subbalakshmi
* Rajesh Hebbar
* Shanti Williams
* Aarthi
* Crane Manohar
* Suruli Manohar
* Madhu as Viswanathan

## Production

K. Vishwanath was initially cast as the village head.

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Karthik Raja.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Malargale" | Bela Shende | Na. Muthukumar |
| 2 | "Oru Ponnu" | Karthik, Swarnalatha | Na. Muthukumar |
| 3 | "Nenjil" | Sangeetha Rajeshwaran | Yugabharathi |
| 4 | "Nenjil" | Karthik Raja | Yugabharathi |
| 5 | "So Sweet Da" | Ranjith | Pa. Vijay |
| 6 | "Kalkona Uthathukari" | Karthik, Rita | Yugabharathi |
| 7 | Yaana Pasi | Ramya NSK, Vijay Yesudas | Andal Priyadarshini |

## Reception

Meenal of Kalki wrote screenplay was slow and lacks speed and lack of imagination in many places calling it another non sticky film. Chennai Online called it "An unassuming little film with some good moments".
# Line 4 (Ningbo Rail Transit)

Line 4 of Ningbo Rail Transit (Chinese: 宁波轨道交通4号线) is a rapid transit line in Ningbo. It starts from Cicheng Town, Jiangbei District, and ends near Dongqian Lake in Yinzhou District. The project was approved on November 5, 2013 and opened on December 23, 2020. Construction of Line 4 started in 2011 with the groundbreaking of the North Ring Elevated Expressway with the second deck of the structure being used for Line 4 trains. The rest of the line started construction on November 30, 2015. The line will initially use 36 sets of six car B-type trains with a maximum service speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).

## Route

Line 4 starts from Cicheng Station in Cicheng Town in east-west direction as an elevated line. Then it turns south into the North Outer Ring Expressway where it turns east-west running under the elevated expressway forming a three level structure similar to the northern section of Shanghai Metro Line 1. After reaching Jiangbei Avenue, it starts to turn underground and deviates from the viaduct to Zhuangqiao Railway Station where it turns south, crosses Yaojiang River and reaches Ningbo Railway Station. Then Line 4 goes along Changchun Road, Xingning Road until it reaches Canghai Road and become north-south again. After reaching Shounan Road it turns into southeast direction and reaches Dongqian Lake, its destination.
The Phase 3 of Ningbo Rail Transit includes both western and eastern extensions of line 4. The western extension is a 1.77 km long section with a new station Cicheng West, while eastern extension is 2.37 km with a new station International Conference Center. Eastern extension started construction in 25 February 2021, and western in 22 November 2022. Western extension opened in 10 January 2025.

## Stations

| Station name | Station name | Connections | Location |
| English | Chinese | Connections | Location |
| Cicheng West | 慈城西 | | Jiangbei |
| Cicheng | 慈城 | | Jiangbei |
| Guanshanhe | 官山河 | | Jiangbei |
| Changxing Road | 长兴路 | | Jiangbei |
| Jinshan Road | 金山路 | | Jiangbei |
| Olympic Sports Center | 奥体中心 | | Jiangbei |
| Hongtang Middle Road | 洪塘中路 | | Jiangbei |
| Hongda Road | 洪大路 | 8 | Jiangbei |
| Zhuangqiao Railway Station | 庄桥火车站 | ZQH | Jiangbei |
| Lijiang Road | 丽江路 | | Jiangbei |
| Shuangdong Road | 双东路 | | Jiangbei |
| Cuibaili | 翠柏里 | 6 | Haishu |
| Daqing Bridge | 大卿桥 | 1 | Haishu |
| Liuxi | 柳西 | | Haishu |
| Ningbo Railway Station | 宁波火车站 | 2 NGH ( Yongyu ) | Haishu |
| Xingning Bridge West | 兴宁桥西 | | Haishu |
| Xingning Bridge East | 兴宁桥东 | | Yinzhou |
| Baihe | 白鹤 | | Yinzhou |
| Children's Park | 儿童公园 | 3 | Yinzhou |
| Ailiu | 矮柳 | | Yinzhou |
| Panhuo Road | 潘火路 | | Yinzhou |
| Songjiang East Road | 嵩江东路 | | Yinzhou |
| South Higher Education Park | 南高教园区 | 5 | Yinzhou |
| Jinda South Road | 金达南路 | | Yinzhou |
| Xiaoyangjiang | 小洋江 | 7  12 | Yinzhou |
| Dongqian Lake | 东钱湖 | | Yinzhou |
| International Conference Center | 国际会议中心 | 8 | Yinzhou |
# The Unconstitutionality of Slavery

The Unconstitutionality of Slavery (1845) was a book by American abolitionist Lysander Spooner arguing that the United States Constitution prohibited slavery. This view was contrary to that of William Lloyd Garrison who opposed the Constitution on the grounds that it was pro-slavery. In the book, Spooner shows that none of the state governments of the slave states specifically authorized slavery, that the U.S. Constitution contains several clauses that are inconsistent with slavery, that slavery was a violation of natural law, and that the intentions of the Constitutional Convention have no legal bearing on the document they created. Thus, Spooner's position is one that employs original meaning-styled textualism and rejects original intent-styled originalism.
On May 23, 1851, in Change of Opinion Announced, Frederick Douglass attributed his shift in opinion away from Garrison's view that the Constitution was pro-slavery "to Lysander Spooner, Gerrit Smith, and William Goodell. Of all these sources, Spooner likely had the strongest influence on Douglass's method...."
# E.G. Records

Virgin EG Records (formerly E.G. Records until 1991) was a British artist management company and independent record label, mostly active during the 1970s and 1980s. The initials stood for its founders, David Enthoven and John Gaydon.
The pair signed on as managers of King Crimson in early 1969, during the formative stage of the band and prior to the release of debut In the Court of the Crimson King, with it springboarding their entrance into the record label and music publishing markets. They also signed T. Rex, Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Roxy Music to management.
Gaydon left the company in 1971 and Enthoven, due to declining health, in June 1977. Samuel George Alder and Mark Fenwick (later managing Roger Waters) took over control of the companies, re-releasing material from King Crimson in addition to new releases from acts such as Iain Ballamy, Bill Bruford, The Chieftains, Earthworks, Brian Eno, Robert Fripp, Human Chain, Killing Joke, Loose Tubes, Man Jumping, Penguin Cafe Orchestra, Elan Sicroff, Toyah Willcox, and U.K.
The label was distributed in the UK by Island Records (through 1974) and then Polydor Records. In the US, artists were placed on Atlantic Records, Warner Bros. Records, Reprise Records, Atco Records, Polydor Records, Passport Records/Jem Records, Caroline Records and Virgin Records and on various other labels in other parts of the world.
Alder and Fenwick were investors in Lloyd's of London and attempted an entrance into the real estate market; major losses on both ventures through 1988-1991 led them to have E.G. loan 4 million pounds towards their failing businesses, which led to no royalty payments to their roster for that time period. This prompted extensive legal battles with many of the artists they were involved with. Most notable among those was the one undertaken by Robert Fripp, which lasted 6+1⁄2 years (April 1991 – September 1997). Fripp has been publicly critical of Sam Alder's business practices, both in regards to the non-payment of royalties and beyond, recounting the development of the situation that led to the lawsuit and digitizing/reproducing financial/legal documents multiple times on his online diary. John Lurie of American group The Lounge Lizards, whose first album was released by the label in 1981, was also critical of E.G. Records business practices, which he described as deceptive and unethical.
E.G. was sold to Virgin Records in 1992, which continued operating E.G. In 1996, after Virgin was sold to EMI, it was absorbed into Virgin.
Enthoven was born on 5 July 1944. He continued in music management until his death on 11 August 2016.
# Carlos Salomón

Carlos Antonio Salomón Tapia (born 18 February 2002) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Deportes Copiapó.

## Career

Salomón debuted with Universidad Católica the year 2020 in the match against Everton in Estadio Sausalito. In 2024, he was loaned out to Barnechea, after his stints with Santiago Morning and Deportes Santa Cruz in 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Salomón ended his contract with Universidad Católica in 2024. The next year, he joined Deportes Copiapó.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 1 March 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Universidad Católica | 2020 | Primera División | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Universidad Católica | 2021 | Primera División | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| Universidad Católica | Total club | Total club | 11 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Santiago Morning (loan) | 2022 | Primera B | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Total carrera | Total carrera | Total carrera | 11 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the Supercopa de Chile

## Honours
### Universidad Católica

* Primera División de Chile: 2020, 2021
* Supercopa de Chile: 2020, 2021
# Wild & Woolley

Wild & Woolley is an Australian small book publisher founded by Pat Woolley and Michael Wilding in 1973.
Woolley bought a corner tenement in Chippendale, Sydney, in 1975 for $23,000.
Starting in 1973 with the iconoclastic All About Grass on marijuana smoking, Wild & Woolley became immersed in Sydney's literary and bohemian culture of the 1970s. They published more than 70 books by authors including Charles Bukowski, Dennis Altman, Robert Adamson, Vicki Viidikas, Kris Hemensley, Michael Wilding, Katherine Susannah Pritchard, Lee Cataldi, Antigone Kefala, Stephen Knight, Rudi Krausmann, Jack Lindsay, Jon Silkin, Fred Cress, Laurie Duggan, Pam Brown, David Foster, Billy Jones, Ayshe Talay-Ongan, Glenn A Baker, Claire Dan, Rudi Krausmann, Dal Stivens, Tim Anderson, Albie Thoms, Bruce Petty, Joshua Tickell, Faith Bandler and many others.
As well as books, Wild & Woolley published several popular volumes of underground comix from Ron Cobb and others, in 1975, 1977 and 1981.
Wilding resigned as director in 1979.
The press grew considerably through the 1970s and 1980s, and became the Australian agent for American small publishers Black Sparrow Press, City Lights Bookstore and New Directions Publishing.
In 1991 Woolley established Fast Books, which focused on short run book production catering to self-published quality paperbacks.
In 2011, Wild & Woolley and its associated trademarked entity Fast Books were incorporated into Aveekee Pty Ltd, which was run by Pat Woolley with help from Ted Roberts, to produce new audio formats for the international audience. All of the companies ceased to operate after 2017.
# Loving Blind

"Loving Blind" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Clint Black. It was released in January 1991 as the second single from his album Put Yourself in My Shoes. It was his seventh single overall and it became his fifth single to reach number one on both the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks and the Canadian RPM country Tracks chart.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Bill Young and premiered in early 1991.

## Chart performance

"Loving Blind" spent two weeks at number 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart beginning for the week of March 23, 1991. It spent the week beginning April 6, 1991, at number 1 on the Canadian RPM charts.
| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 1 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1991) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 11 |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 14 |
# Council of Albi

The Roman Catholic Council of Albi was held in 1254 by Louis IX of France on his return from the Seventh Crusade, under the presidency of Zoen, Bishop of Avignon and Papal Legate for the final repression of the Albigenses, the reformation of clergy and people and the Catholic church's relation to the Jewish people.
Along with the Councils of Narbonne in 1227 and 1243, the Council of Toulouse, the Councils of Béziers in 1232 and 1246, the 1242 Council of Tarragona, and the 1248 Council of Valence, this council established a body of legislative precedent for the Inquisition.

## Rulings

Rulings enacted by the Council of Albi included the following:
* a decree banning monks from wearing deep brown or mulberry robes, and requiring canons regular to wear plain black or white
* a decree ordering the seizure of the property of all those the Inquisition condemned to prison for heresy
* a ban on Jews selling meat in public marketplaces
* a requirement for officials to take an oath of support for the Inquisition every three years
* a requirement for duplicates of inquisitorial records to be archived
* a ban on Jewish people wearing wide cloaks, considered too similar to priestly garments
* a fine for failing to attend Mass on Sundays or leaving early, with exemptions for illness, distance, or other serious cause
* a ban on lawyers representing defendants at trials for heresy
The council's restrictions on usury, stricter than those established in previous canon law, ordered that:
* neither secular nor ecclesiastical judges should compel debtors to pay usury
* Jews should be required to swear on the Torah when testifying about whether a loan included usury
* restrictions on usury should be applied to all loans, including those between Jews
# Rekha R. Thomas

Rekha Rachel Thomas is a mathematician and operations researcher. She works as a professor of mathematics at the University of Washington, and was the Robert R. and Elaine F. Phelps Professor there from 2008 until 2012. Her research interests include mathematical optimization and computational algebra.
Thomas earned a PhD in operations research from Cornell University in 1994, supervised by Bernd Sturmfels; her dissertation concerned Gröbner bases and integer programming. Prior to joining the University of Washington in 2000, she did postdoctoral studies at Yale University and the Zuse Institute Berlin, and held a faculty position at Texas A&M University beginning in 1995.
Thomas is the author of the textbook Lectures in Geometric Combinatorics (Student Mathematical Library, 33, American Mathematical Society, 2006). She was a plenary speaker at the 21st International Symposium on Mathematical Programming in 2012.
In 2013 she became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society.