OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heritage Week

Heritage Week (Irish: Seachtain na hOidhreachta) is an annual nationwide set of hundreds of events organized by the Heritage Council in Ireland.
They are a celebration of Ireland's culture, history, gardens, and architecture that gives visitors free access to landmarks that are either usually pay to enter or not open to the public. The week's attractions usually includes tours, events and activities related to history and culture.
Heritage Week is part of the European Heritage Days, a joint action between the Council of Europe and the European Commission. There is a volunteer programme associated with the organization of the events.
Heritage Week is usually the last week in August.
Event guides are usually available in Tourist Offices, Libraries, Heritage Centres, Museums, Bus Stations and in many hotels. There are competitions run as part of the weeks activities and awards, nominated by the public, for the volunteers and organisations which put on the best events.

## Awards

* Heritage Hero, for a person or organisation
* Hidden Heritage, for lesser known sites
* Reaching Out, for attracting new audiences
* Cool for Kids, for family events
# Erosion surface

In geology and geomorphology, an erosion surface is a surface of rock or regolith that was formed by erosion and not by construction (e.g. lava flows, sediment deposition) nor fault displacement. Erosional surfaces within the stratigraphic record are known as unconformities, but not all unconformities are buried erosion surfaces. Erosion surfaces vary in scale and can be formed on a mountain range or a rock. Particularly large and flat erosion surfaces receive the names of peneplain, paleoplain, planation surface or pediplain. An example of erosion surface is road surface erosion which is caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. Erosion surface can be measured through direct, contact measurement methods and indirect, non-contact measurement methods.

## Road surface erosion

Just like mountains and rocks, erosion can also occur on unsealed roads due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Road surface erosion could be caused by snowfall, rainfall and wind. The material and hydraulic of the road surface, road slope, traffic, construction, and maintenance could also potentially affect road surface erosion rate. During winter, snow cover slows down erosion rate by preventing direct contact between the raindrop and the road surface. For example, in the mountains of Idaho, U.S., snowfall caused less than 10% while rainfall caused 90% of total annual sediment production on the road surface. In addition to natural factors, high traffic volume can also speed up the road erosion rates. The friction caused by moving vehicles could potentially lead to crushing and abrasion, thus break down the coarse particles on the road surface. Slope steepness is another important factor in surface erosion--steeper roads tend to have higher erosion rates.

## Measurement of erosion surface

There are two types of methods to measure the rate of surface change: direct, contact measurement methods and indirect, non-contact measurement methods. These measurement could be taken for different components of a rock or for different rock types. Rate of rock surface recession can be measured by using reference points or reference planes and measure the distance among those points and plane over the years. Rock surface erosion rate can also be measured using Micro-Erosion Meter(MEM). This triangular instrument is placed on three studs that are permanently fixed into the rock surface to provide a measurement site. The extension of the probe is then used to measure erosion. Indirect, non-contact measurement methods include laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. While laser scanning requires many specialist and expensive equipment, repeat photography and digital photogrammetry can also be used to obtain data for researchers with a much smaller budget.
# Stenolophus comma

Stenolophus comma is a ground beetle in the genus Stenolophus ("seedcorn beetles"), in the family Carabidae ("ground beetles"). Stenolophus comma is found in North America.
# Stenolophus ochropezus

Stenolophus ochropezus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.
# Tsunao Okumura

Tsunao Okumura (奥村 綱雄, Okumura Tsunao); 5 March 1903 - 7 November 1972) was the president of Nomura Securities from 1948 - 1959. He served as the King of Japanese stockbroking in the 1950s.
Born as the son of a wealthy confectioner, Okumura exhibited little ambition early in life. At the age of nineteen, he enrolled in Kyoto University where he enjoyed the luxuries afforded to a privileged student as such. His father granted him a monthly allowance of 100 Yen, a substantial sum in an era where twenty yen could provide a comfortable lifestyle. Preferring leisure over academics pursuits, he dedicated much of his time frequenting Kyoto's dance halls, with his affluent peers. Despite graduating with mediocre grades and facing initial rejection from banks such as Mitsubishi, Mitsui, and Yamaguchi, Okumura secured a position in Nomura's research department through personal connections.

## Early career

Colleagues noted that Okumura, while pleasant and self-assured, lacked the ambition that distinguished other executives at Nomura. He frequently arrived late, seem disinterested and often left work early. Shortly after joining Nomura, his parents arranged his marriage to the eldest daughter of a wealthy landowner from Osaka, which further diminished his drive.
In 1935, Okumura made a serious misstep that nearly derailed his career. While working as a research analyst in marketing, he published a confidential pamphlet encouraging investors to purchase overseas bonds, a practice prohibited by the Bank of Japan at the time due to Japan's military expansion efforts. The revelation of this pamphlet led to a reprimand of Nomura's then-president, Otogo Kataoka, by Bank of Japan officials. Initially intent on forcing Okumura to resign, Kataoka was persuaded by senior colleagues to demote him instead. As a consequence, Okumura was transferred to the registration section, where he worked alongside women who meticulously numbered securities as they were traded. Despite the setback, Okumura found solace in the indulgent treatment he received from his female colleagues.

## Comeback

Later on, Okumura's publication advocating the purchase of overseas bonds regained him favor with senior management at Nomura, propelling his career upward.
# Flappers and Philosophers

Flappers and Philosophers is a collection of eight short stories by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1920 by Charles Scribner's Sons. Each of the stories had originally appeared, independently, in either The Saturday Evening Post, Scribner's Magazine, or The Smart Set.
The volume includes "The Ice Palace", regarded as one of Fitzgerald's finest short works.

## Stories

The original periodical publication and date are indicated.
* "The Offshore Pirate" (The Saturday Evening Post, May 1, 1920)
* "The Ice Palace"(The Saturday Evening Post, May 22, 1920)
* "Head and Shoulders" (The Saturday Evening Post), February 19, 1920
* "The Cut-Glass Bowl" (Scribner's Magazine), May 1920
* "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" (The Saturday Evening Post), May 1, 1920)
* "Benediction" (The Smart Set, February 1920)
* "Dalyrimple Goes Wrong" (The Smart Set, February 1920)
* "The Four Fists" (Scribner's Magazine, June 1920)

## Background

The stories published in Nassau Literary Review while Fitzgerald was attending Princeton University, as well as those that comprise Flappers and Philosophers, may be placed among his "apprenticeship fiction."
In November 1919, Fitzgerald engaged Harold Ober as his literary agent. By early 1920, Ober had negotiated the sale of six of Fitzgerald's stories to The Saturday Evening Post, one of several "high-paying mass-circulation slick-paper magazines". Fitzgerald was paid $400 for each story. Fitzgerald's short fiction became identified with the Post in the following years, to whom he would sell sixty-five of his stories—"40 percent of his output."
Literary critic and biographer Matthew J. Bruccoli notes that "during his lifetime, Fitzgerald was far better known and more widely read as a short story writer than as a novelist."

## Reception

The New York Times in its September 26, 1920 edition evaluated the collection in light of Fitzgerald's recently published first novel This Side of Paradise (1920): "[H]is eight short stories range the gamut of style and mood with a brilliance, a jeu perle ["pearly tone"], so to speak, which is not to be found in the novel." The reviewer compares the works favorably to the "Russian school" and to the American author O. Henry, and closes by commending "Mr. Fitzgerald's talent and genius."

## Themes

Literary critic and biographer John Kuehl reports that the book reflects the social types identified in the collection's title:
   Diverse characters and classes manifest themselves, yet Fitzgerald's fundamentally bourgeois world features the ubiquitous homme manqué and the femme fatale, for courtship and marriage comprise the all-important sexual element.
# Taiki Yamada

Taiki Yamada (山田 大樹, Yamada Taiki, born 8 January 2002) is a Japanese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Kashima Antlers.

## Career
### Kashima Antlers

On 15 October 2019, Yamada was promoted to the first team from the 2020 season. He made his debut in the J.League Cup on 12 August 2020. Yamada made his league debut against Vissel Kobe on 16 August 2020.
On 8 December 2023, it was announced that Yamada would return to Kashima Antlers for the 2024 season.

### Loan to Fagiano Okayama

On 7 December 2022, Yamada was announced at Fagiano Okayama on loan. He made his league debut against Júbilo Iwata on 18 February 2023.

## International career

On 3 September 2018, Yamada was called up to the Japan U16s. On 23 October 2019, he was called up to the Japan U19s for 2020 AFC U-19 Championship qualifying matches. On 10 July 2020, Yamada was called up to the Japan U19s. On 19 March 2021, he was called up to the Japan U20s. On 3 March 2022, Yamada was called up to the Japan U21s.
Yamada was part of the Japan squad for the 2022 Asian Games.
On 4 April 2024, it was announced that Yamada would be part of the Japan squad for the AFC U-23 Asian Cup Qatar 2024.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of end of 2023 season.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | J.League Cup | J.League Cup | Total | Total |
| Kashima Antlers | 2020 | J1 League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Kashima Antlers | 2021 | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kashima Antlers | 2022 | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kashima Antlers | Total | Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Fagiano Okayama (loan) | 2023 | J2 League | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 0 |

## Honours

Japan U16
* AFC U-16 Championship: 2018
Japan U23
* AFC U-23 Asian Cup: 2024
# Jahan Tigh, Hirmand

Jahan Tigh (Persian: جهانتيغ) is a village in Margan Rural District of the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 826 in 172 households, when it was in the former Miyankongi District of Zabol County. The following census in 2011 counted 634 people in 144 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Miyankongi County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 798 people in 175 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# (+)-Naloxone

(+)-Naloxone (dextro-naloxone) is a drug which is the opposite enantiomer of the opioid antagonist drug (−)-naloxone. Unlike (−)-naloxone, (+)-naloxone has no significant affinity for opioid receptors, but instead has been discovered to act as a selective antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4. This receptor is involved in immune system responses, and activation of TLR4 induces glial activation and release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and Interleukin-1.

## Relation with opioids

Both active and inactive enantiomers of various opioid analgesic drugs including morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, methadone and buprenorphine, as well as some otherwise inactive metabolites like morphine-3-glucuronide, have been found to act as agonists of TLR4, and chronic use of these drugs consequently causes constant low-level release of TNF-α and IL-1β as well as other downstream effects. This is thought to be involved in various adverse properties of opioid analgesic drugs, such as loss of efficacy with extended use and the associated development of tolerance and dependence, as well as the development of side effects such as hyperalgesia and allodynia, which can cause long-term use of opioid analgesics to not only fail to treat neuropathic pain, but ultimately exacerbate it.

## Applications of (+)-naloxone and related drugs

Several opioid antagonist drugs were found to act as antagonists for TLR4, including naloxone and naltrexone. However it was found that not only the (−) enantiomers, but also the (+) enantiomers of these drugs acted as TLR4 antagonists (though (+)-nalmefene was inactive). Since (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone lack affinity for opioid receptors, they do not block the effects of opioid analgesic drugs, and so can be used to counteract the TLR4-mediated side effects of opioid agonists without affecting analgesia, though (+)-naloxone does reduce the reinforcing effects of opioid drugs. (+)-Naloxone was also found to be neuroprotective, and both (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone are effective in their own right at treating symptoms of neuropathic pain in animal models. However (+)-naloxone was also found to reduce the effects of stimulant drugs, suggesting additional actions beyond TLR4 antagonism (possibly as a sigma receptor antagonist), that might potentially result in unwanted side effects or drug interactions.
# Laj Chimel

Laj Chimel or Chimel is a community located in the cloud forest of the municipality of San Miguel Uspantán, Department of El Quiché, Guatemala. It is the birthplace of the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú. Currently it is only accessible by foot or by four-wheel drive vehicles, as the road through the mountains is unpaved. It is located a short distance north of the municipal capital San Miguel Uspantán, about 45 minutes to an hour in vehicle. The community consists of about 17 families, including some who returned to the area after being displaced during the Guatemalan Civil War.
# Doc Miller

Roy Oscar "Doc" Miller (February 4, 1883 – July 31, 1938) was a Major League Baseball outfielder from 1910-1914. He played for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds, and Philadelphia Phillies. He was interred in North Bergen's Garden State Crematory. Miller was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009.
In 557 games over five seasons, Miller posted a .295 batting average (507-for-1717) with 184 runs, 12 home runs, 237 RBI and 64 stolen bases. He finished his career with a .958 fielding percentage at all three outfield positions. He died from a fall in New Jersey.
# Cem Karaca (footballer)

Cem Karaca (born 8 May 1976) is a Turkish-German football coach and former player who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

He started his career in Germany playing for 1. FC Kaiserslautern and FC St. Pauli before spending most of his career in Turkey with Yimpaş Yozgatspor, Fenerbahçe, Konyaspor, Kayserispor, Sivasspor, and İstanbulspor.
He played once for the Turkish B national team and three times for the U21.
In the 2000–01 season, he was suspended from football for six months after doping test.
# WDDD-FM

WDDD-FM (107.3 FM) is an American country music formatted radio station licensed to Johnston City, Illinois.
W3D has been a country station for 30+ years. On November 22, 1970, WDDD-FM first signed on. WDDD used to simulcast on 810 AM, which is no longer on the air.
Its sister stations are WFRX, WHET, WMIX, WMIX-FM, WTAO-FM, and WVZA.
# Napa leather

Napa leather (often called Nappa leather) is a leather noted for its soft feel, derived as it is from calves, lambs, and kid goats, which have soft hides. It is a generic term in the leather field and has no distinct test for characterization. Among other uses, napa leather is often used in leather products such as furniture, clothing, handbags, car seats, and shoes.
The leather takes its name from Napa, California, where the process of making napa leather was created by Emanuel Manasse, a German tanner working for The Sawyer Tanning Company.
# For All We Know (1934 song)

"For All We Know" is a popular song published in 1934, with music by J. Fred Coots and lyrics by Sam M. Lewis. Popular versions in 1934 were by Hal Kemp (vocal by Skinnay Ennis) and Isham Jones (vocal by Joe Martin).

## Background

There are alternative verses but the main lyrics start: "For all we know we may never meet again...".

## Other artists' recordings

* 1958 Billie Holiday 1958 Lady in Satin album by Columbia Records
* The version by Dinah Washington reached No. 88 on the chart in 1962.
* A version by The Spinners in 1965 gave it a more contemporary sound and was included on the 1967 LP The Original Spinners.
* The Donny Hathaway version from the LP Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway (Atlantic, 1972) has become one of the standout versions of the song.
* A version by jazz pianist Bill Evans was recorded in his last studio album We Will Meet Again (Warner Bros. Records, 1979).
* Jane Ira Bloom included the song in her 2013 album Sixteen Sunsets.
* Jennifer Hudson sang a rendition of the song at the All Star Game tribute to Gianna and Kobe Bryant in 2020.
* The song has also been recorded by a host of artists, including: Nina Simone, Al Martino, The Andrews Sisters, Aretha Franklin, Billie Holiday, Chet Baker, Crystal Gayle, Dinah Washington, Doris Day, Joanie Sommers, Fran Jeffries, Bette Midler, Nat King Cole, Rod Stewart, June Christy, Ruben Studdard, Frankie Valli, Caleb Kelly, Will Downing, Rosemary Clooney, Long John Baldry, Ken Dodd and Clint Eastwood.

## Song in popular culture

* Graham Kennedy sang a few bars live as his curtain call outro song to end each last season episode of The Graham Kennedy Show (1972-75).
* The Rosemary Clooney version is heard over the closing credits of Dan Ireland's 2005 British film Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont. Rupert Friend performs the song in the movie.
* The Bette Midler version was featured in the 1991 film For the Boys.
* A cover by Abbey Lincoln was featured prominently in the Gus Van Sant film Drugstore Cowboy (1989).
* An instrumental version, and a Barbra Streisand vocal version, are featured in the 1991 film The Prince of Tides.
* The Billie Holiday version is featured in the 1995 film Forget Paris.
* Johnny Hartman's version was featured in the Clint Eastwood movie The Bridges of Madison County (1995).
* A cover by Billy Porter and Our Lady J was featured in a 2018 episode of Pose.
# Wilderhope Manor

Wilderhope Manor is a 16th-century manor house in the care of the National Trust. It is located on Wenlock Edge 7 miles (11 km) south west of Much Wenlock in Shropshire, England. The manor is a Grade I listed building and since 1937 has been used as a youth hostel.

## History and amenities

Wilderhope Manor is an Elizabethan-period manor house, built of local limestone and dating from 1585. The house was built for Francis Smallman and his initials can be seen on the ceilings. The manor remained in the family until 1734 when the estate including the neighbouring Wilderhope farm was sold to Thomas Lutwyche. It is believed that the manor house was not used as a main residence after the sale in 1734 and by 1936 was in a poor state and unoccupied. In 1936 the property was purchased by the W. A. Cadbury Trust who donated it to the National Trust on condition that it was used as a youth hostel. Opening as a youth hostel in 1937, it has remained in use by the Youth Hostels Association since. A £500,000 refurbishment was completed in 2012 and the youth hostel offers 72 beds including a bridal suite with a four-poster bed.
Despite years of disuse many of the original features such as the oaken stairways, oak spiral stairs and ornate plaster ceilings survived. The adjoining stable block is itself a Grade II listed building.
The manor house is in limestone with dressings in gritstone, quoins, hood moulds, copings and finials on the front, and a stone-slate roof. There are two storeys and attics, and an approximately H-shaped plan. The entrance front has six bays and four unequal gables, three of them over projecting bays. In the left projecting gable is a porch, the windows are mullioned and transomed, and at the rear is a semicircular stair turret with a conical roof.
The stables, now used for other purposes, are in brick with a storey band, and have tile roofs with parapeted gables. They have a single storey and lofts, and a U-shaped plan with a main range of three bays. The windows are casements with segmental arches, and there are doorways and loft openings.
The surrounding manor of Wilderhope is also managed by the National Trust and comprises wooded valleys, pasture, flower-rich meadows and ancient hedgerows dating back centuries along unchanged field boundaries. Evidence of medieval ridge and furrow ploughing can still be seen in fields below Wilderhope Coppice.

## Major's Leap

The Manor's owner during the English Civil War was Major Thomas Smallman. He was a Royalist who was forced to flee from Cromwell’s approaching troops. After managing to escape on horseback, Major Smallman took a do-or-die plunge down a steep slope at Wenlock Edge. His horse was killed but Smallman survived thanks to an apple tree breaking his fall. Since then the ghosts of Smallman and his horse are said to appear in an area now known as Major’s Leap and have been said to have been seen at the manor.
# Choi Byung-hyuk

Choi Byung-hyuk (Korean: 최병혁; born 1 January 1963) is a retired Republic of Korea Army lieutenant general. President Yoon Suk Yeol announced his intention to nominate Choi to serve as Minister of National Defense after the resignation of Choi's predecessor Kim Yong-hyun and Kim's imposition of martial law in December 2024.

## Career

Choi served as the Korean ambassador to Saudi Arabia before being appointed defense minister. He also served as a four-star army general.
# St. George's College, Quilmes

St George's College is a private, bilingual, co-educational learning institution located in Quilmes, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was founded in 1898.

## Sports

The school's main sports are rugby union and women's field hockey. Apart from those activities, St. George's also hosts association football, athletics, basketball, cricket, golf, swimming, tennis, handball and volleyball.

## Notable alumni
### Alumni

Alumni of the school, known as Old Georgians, include Rhodes Scholars who attended Oxford, Cambridge, and Ivy League universities in the United States. In 1921, the Old Georgians Association was formed.
* Peter Prescott, barrister
* Sir Robert Malpas (born 1927), engineer and industrialist
* Sir Alasdair Neil Primrose, 4th Baronet (1935–1986), schoolmaster
* Nicolas Aguzin, CEO of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited

### Masters

* Aimé Félix Tschiffely (1895–1954) writer and adventurer, taught at the school in the 1920s
# Maulévrier

Maulévrier (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

## Points of interest

* Parc Oriental de Maulévrier – the biggest Japanese garden in France