OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sergey Kravchuk

Sergey Anatolyevich Kravchuk (Russian: Сергей Анатольевич Кравчук; born on 29 August 1960), is a Russian politician who is currently the third mayor of Khabarovsk since 25 September 2018.
He is a member of the General Council of the United Russia party.

## Biography

Sergey Kravchuk was born on 27 August 1960 Tsentralny, Topkinsky district, Kemerovo Oblast.
In 1977, he graduated from secondary school No. 6 from Topki and got a job at the Tonkin Mechanical Plant.
From November 1978 to November 1980, he served the Soviet Army in the border troops on Sakhalin Island. In January 1981, immediately after demobilization, he began work at the Makarovskaya mine, located in the Sakhalin Oblast until August 1987.
In 1987, he entered the Khabarovsk Higher Party School, which was transformed in 1991 into the Far Eastern Social and Political Institute, where he graduated by the end of the year. After his graduation, he has worked in the Khabarovsk administration, taking the position of head of the housing maintenance department.
In October 1997, he was hired by the Khabarovsk city administration as head of the housing stock maintenance department, deputy head of the housing and communal services and housing stock maintenance department.
In 2001, he graduated from the Far Eastern Academy of Civil Service, where he studied municipal and public administration.
In 2010, he was appointed Deputy Mayor of the city, Chairman of the Committee for the Management of the Southern District (later the Industrial District, vice-mayor of the city of Khabarovsk - first deputy mayor of the city for economic issues.
On 3 April 2017, Kravchuk was appointed vice-mayor of Khabarovsk.
On 10 September 2018, Kravchuk won the election as the 3rd Mayor of Khabarovsk with 39.97% of the votes. He took office on 25 September, with thee inauguration ceremony taking place on the same day.
In July 2020, during the Khabarovsk Krai protests, Kravchuk, when confronted by a protester, believed the protests "shouldn't happen, because they are illegal." He also insisted that he had 85 new cases of the virus in the city, citing health concerns.
On 10 September 2023, Kravchuk was reelected as Mayor of Khabarovsk.
# Aleksandr Kulakov (politician)

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Kulakov (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Кулаков; born on 5 May 1966), is a Russian politician and former military officer and power engineer. He served as the acting Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai from 11 October to 25 October 2018.

## Biography

Aleksandr Kulakov was born in Murmansk on 5 May 1966.
From 1984 to 1986, he served in military service in the Soviet Army.
In 1990, he graduated from the Vologda Polytechnic Institute with a degree in Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation. The same year, he began working at the Murmansk TEZ, where he went from a steam and gas turbine equipment repairman to a centralized repair shop to deputy chief engineer and deputy technical director. From 2005 to 2009 he was promoted as a Deputy Technical Director for Operations, and Deputy Chief Engineer of Murmanskaya TEZ OJSC. In 2006, he received additional professional training in the program “Management of the financial and economic activity of an enterprise and organization” at the Interdisciplinary Institute for Advanced Studies in St. Petersburg.
From 2009 to 2013, he was a Deputy Director, Director of the Branch of TGC-14 OJSC “Generation of Buryatia”. From 2013 to 2014, he temporarily performed the duties of the General Director of TGC-14 in Chita. On 30 April 2014, by the decision of the Board of Directors of TGK-14, he was promoted as General Director. From December 2015, he held the position of General Director of Chitaenergosbyt.
In 2014, Kulakov entered politics and was to the Legislative Assembly of the Zabaykalsky Krai.
On 2 December 2015, the board of directors of TGK-14 satisfied Kulakov's statement of decision in connection with his transfer to another job.
On 14 March 2016, Acting Governor of the Zaybaykalsky Krai, Natalia Zhdanova, appointed Kulakov as the Acting First Deputy. After Zhdanova was elected as Governor, he retained his position.
After Zhdanova's resignation, he was promoted as the Acting Governor of Zaybakalsky Krai from 11 October to 25 October 2018.
After another acting Governor Aleksandr Osipov took office, he was eventually dismissed as First Deputy of Zabaykalsky Krai on 7 December 2018.
# James R. Bennett

James R. Bennett (January 3, 1940 – August 17, 2016) was an American Republican politician from Alabama. From 1978 to 1983, he served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives and as a member of the Alabama Senate between 1982 and 1992. He went on to serve as Secretary of State of Alabama, from 1993 to 2003 as a Democrat and later a Republican and from 2013 to 2015 as a Republican.

## Early life

Born in Iowa in 1940, Bennett graduated from Grundy County High School, Tracy City, Tennessee, in 1957. He moved to Alabama shortly after to study at Jacksonville State University, from which he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1962. He was a member of the Epsilon Nu chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. From 1961 to 1971, Bennett was a reporter for the Birmingham Post-Herald. During his time as a reporter, he found himself in Birmingham in 1963, where he witnessed the use of fire hoses, directed by Bull Connor, on civil rights protesters. In 1969, he was selected for a national award by the American Political Science Association for his reporting on public affairs, before completing his master's degree at the University of Alabama in 1980.

## Political career

From 1978 to 1983, he served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives. Prior to his appointment as Alabama's 49th Secretary of State, he served from 1983 to 1993 as a member of the Alabama Senate. He became secretary of state of Alabama, having been appointed to fill a vacancy in 1993 and subsequently elected to two terms in his own right in 1994, as a Democrat, and 1998, as a Republican.
Following his tenure as secretary of state, he was appointed as commissioner of the Alabama Department of Labor in the Cabinet of Governor Bob Riley in July 2003 and reappointed by Governor Robert Bentley in January 2011. He retired in 2012. After the resignation of Beth Chapman as Secretary of State in 2013, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed Bennett to replace her, marking the fourth time Bennett served as Alabama's chief elections official.
He was politically active up until his death. His successor John Merrill noted that Bennett secured a position as a presidential elector for the 2016 presidential election the day before his death.

## Personal life

In 2006, Bennett was named a Signature Sinfonian by the national fraternity for his public service career. He served as chairman of the board of trustees at Jacksonville State, of which he had been a member since 1985, and was president of the National Association of Secretaries of State from 1999 to 2000. He authored several history books including Historic Birmingham and Jefferson County, published in 2008, and Tannehill and the Growth of the Alabama Iron Industry, published in 1999.
Bennett died of cancer on August 17, 2016. He was survived by his wife, Andrea, and two children.
# Carys Mitchelmore

Carys Mitchelmore is an ecotoxicologist who also serves as Director of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory.
Mitchelmore is a British-born, American marine ecotoxicologist who was named the Director of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Chesapeake Biological Laboratory of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science in 2023. She lives in the nearby Calvert County, Maryland town of Lusby, Maryland.
Carys Mitchelmore is widely known for her association with the cosmetics industry, particularly the Personal Care Products Council, which leveraged the reputation of her research center to discredit studies highlighting the toxicity of cosmetic agents, especially sunscreens. Additionally, she has been involved in developing research aimed at producing negative findings, effectively obscuring the harmful effects of certain compounds, such as octocrylene.

## Education

Mitchelmore received a B.Sc in 1992 from the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom in Biology, a M.Sc in 1993 in Aquatic Toxicology from the University of Portsmouth, and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Genetic Toxicology from the University of Birmingham in 1997 with a dissertation entitled Genetic Toxicity in Aquatic Organisms.

## Career

Since joining the faculty of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in 2002, she has played a high profile role in providing advice to policy makers through testimony to the US Senate and the Maryland State Legislature on important topics such as the potential hazards associated with the use of dispersants in oil spill cleanups and contamination of persistent pesticides in surface waters. She has also served on the local Calvert County Environmental Commission.
More recently, she has contributed to understanding the practical environmental effects of UV filters in sunscreens through participation in a US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshop and published report, as well as contributing peer-reviewed studies of coral reef exposure to chemicals in consumer sunscreens and serving as the first author of a widely cited review of the available literature.
# Bosco Ramos

Bosco Ramos was a dog elected honorary mayor of the unincorporated community of Sunol, California, United States. He was a black Labrador retriever and Rottweiler mix, usually known simply as "Bosco". Bosco defeated two humans to win the honorary mayoral election in 1981, and served until his death in 1994. Bosco achieved international attention in 1984 when the British tabloid the Daily Star covered his election, describing Sunol as "the wackiest town in the world." He appeared with his owner, Tom Stillman, as a contestant on the game show 3rd Degree, where the panelists failed to guess Bosco's occupation. In 1990, the Chinese newspaper the People's Daily reported on his tenure as an alleged example of the failings of the American electoral process, but in response, Sunol residents commented that the dog's office was "merely a joke".

## Legacy

A statue of Bosco was erected in front of the town Post Office in 2008. It was designed by the Russian sculptor Lena Toritch. A bar, Bosco's Bones and Brew, later Bosco's Roadhouse, was named in his honor.
# Nirbhay Gujjar

Nirbhay Singh Gurjar (1957 – 7 November 2005) was an Indian criminal and one of the last dacoits of the Chambal. He terrorized the Chambal ravines in India, the lawless zone at the cusp of two states Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh for 31 years.

## Life

Gujjar was born in Panchdeora village of Jalaun district, Uttar Pradesh and died on 7 November 2005 in Etawah, India in a police encounter.

## Dacoity career

With this Sarpanch, Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) and Member of Parliament (MP) were elected.

## Help to ASI

According to the Regional Director (North) of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Mr.K. K. Muhammed, Gurjar and his gang provided much help to Archaeological Survey of India for the restoration of Bateshwar Hindu temples, Madhya Pradesh, that were constructed during the Gurjara-Pratihara empire between 8th to 11th century.

## Film

Indian Bollywood film director Krishna Mishra also made a Hindi movie named as Beehad - The Ravine, which starred Vikas Shrivastav. A real-life take on Gujjar's life – journeying with him from 1975.

## Indian politics

In August 2005 he had expressed his desire to surrender before the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav and join Indian politics.
# The Blitz (Krokus album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 4/10 |
The Blitz is the eighth studio album by Swiss hard rock band Krokus, released in August 1984. It achieved Gold status in the US. When preparing to record the album, the band tapped Patrick Mahassen to join on guitar, with Mark Kohler switching to bass, however, Mahassen ended up leaving the band before recording commenced. The album was ultimately recorded as a quartet; Andy Tanas played bass on the subsequent tour.
The band hit the Billboard Hot 100 with "Midnite Maniac" becoming the first Swiss act to do so. The song "Boys Nite Out", written by Bryan Adams and Jim Vallance, was originally recorded by Adams for his 1984 album Reckless but was left off until its 30th anniversary reissue.
UK-based company Rock Candy Records reissued the album on CD in 2014.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Fernando von Arb and Marc Storace, except where noted

## Personnel

Krokus
* Marc Storace – vocals
* Fernando von Arb – lead guitar, rhythm guitar
* Mark Kohler – bass
* Jeff Klaven – drums, percussion
Additional musicians
* Doug Johnson – keyboards
* Jimi Jamison – backing vocals on "Our Love"
Production
* Bruce Fairbairn – producer
* Bob Rock, Bob Ketchum – engineers
* Mike Fraser – assistant engineer
* Phil Burnett – mixing
* George Marino – mastering

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Patibandla

Patibandla (Telugu: పాటిబండ్ల) is a village in the Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pedakurapadu mandal of Sattenapalli revenue division.

## Government and politics

Patibandla gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch.

## Education

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 4 schools. These include one Mandal Parishad and 3 private schools.

## Education

It has a heritage school called RCM High School.

## Notable people

* Gali Bali, the present Bishop of Guntur diocese
# Pencil (optics)

In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays, also known as a pencil beam or narrow beam, is a geometric construct (pencil of half-lines) used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a cone or cylinder.
Antennas which strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are often described as "pencil-beam" antennas. For example, a phased array antenna can send out a beam that is extremely thin. Such antennas are used for tracking radar, and the process is known as beamforming.
In optics, the focusing action of a lens is often described in terms of pencils of rays. In addition to conical and cylindrical pencils, optics deals with astigmatic pencils as well.
In electron optics, scanning electron microscopes use narrow pencil beams to achieve a deep depth of field.
Ionizing radiation used in radiation therapy, whether photons or charged particles, such as proton therapy and electron therapy machines, is sometimes delivered through the use of pencil beam scanning.
In backscatter X-ray imaging a pencil beam of x-ray radiation is used to scan over an object to create an intensity image of the Compton-scattered radiation.

## History

A 1675 work describes a pencil as "a double cone of rays, joined together at the base." In his 1829 A System of Optics, Henry Coddington defines a pencil as being "a parcel of light proceeding from some one point", whose form is "generally understood to be that of a right cone" and which "becomes cylindrical when the origin is very remote".
# Ephedra gerardiana

Ephedra gerardiana (Gerard's jointfir, 山岭麻黄 shan ling ma huang) is a species of Ephedra, endemic to the mountains of Afghanistan, Bhutan, northern India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Tajikistan, and Tibet. It is a perennial small shrub composed primarily of fibrous stalks, generally about 8 inches though sometimes growing to 24 inches in height, with small, yellow flowers followed by round, red, edible fruits. It is sometimes used as a stimulant, and in Ayurvedic medicine its tea is used as medicine for colds, coughs, bronchitis, asthma, and arthritis.
# Dekichatta kekkon

In Japan, the slang term Dekichatta kekkon (出来ちゃった結婚), or Dekikon (デキコン) for short, emerged in the late 1990s. The term can literally be translated as "oops-we-did-it-marriage," implying an unintended pregnancy. Notable celebrities with these marriages include Namie Amuro, Yōko Oginome, Hitomi Furuya, Ami Suzuki, Kaori Iida, Nozomi Tsuji, Anna Tsuchiya, Meisa Kuroki, Leah Dizon, Melody Miyuki Ishikawa, Riisa Naka and Rie Miyazawa. A quarter of all Japanese brides are pregnant at the time of their wedding, according to the Health Labor and Welfare Ministry, and pregnancy is one of the most common motivations for marriage. The prevalence and celebrity profile of dekichatta-kon has inspired Japan's wedding industry to introduce an even more benign phrase, sazukari-kon (授かり婚, blessed wedding).
# Yeats (crater)

Yeats is an impact crater on the planet Mercury. It is named after William Butler Yeats, an Irish poet and dramatist. The name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976.
The rim of Yeats is circular and intact, except where an indentation is made by a crater on the north side. It is bordered by a smaller, unnamed crater to the northwest. There is a scarp cutting across the crater which trends northeast. The central peak is complex, and there are hollows on the east and west sides of the peak.
Yeats is located south of the crater Li Po and southwest of the crater Sinan.
* Oblique view at low sun angle
* Interior of the crater, showing the hollows adjacent to the central peak
# Kalen DeLoach

Kalen DeLoach (born November 28, 2000) is an American professional football linebacker. He played college football at Florida State.

## Early life

DeLoach attended Islands High School in Whitemarsh Island, Georgia. As a senior, he had 156 tackles, seven sacks and two sacks. He was selected to play in the 2019 Under Armour All-America Game. DeLoach committed to Florida State University to play college football.

## College career

In his first year at Florida State in 2019, DeLoach played in eight games and had three tackles. In 2020, he played in all nine games with one start and recorded seven tackles. He became a full-time starter in 2021, starting 11 of 12 games and finishing the season with 69 tackles, one sack and one interception. DeLoach started all 13 games in 2022, recording 65 tackles and three sacks. He returned to Florida State as a starter in 2023.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 5 ft 11+1⁄2 in (1.82 m) | 210 lb (95 kg) | 31+1⁄2 in (0.80 m) | 8+5⁄8 in (0.22 m) | 4.47 s | 1.59 s | 2.61 s | 30.5 in (0.77 m) | 9 ft 11 in (3.02 m) | 23 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine/Pro Day ||||||||||

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

DeLoach signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent on May 10, 2024. He was also selected by the Arlington Renegades in the third round of the 2024 UFL draft on July 17. He was waived on August 27. He was re-signed to the practice squad on October 1, but released four weeks later.

### Jacksonville Jaguars

On December 17, 2024, DeLoach was signed to the Jacksonville Jaguars practice squad.
# Harry McIntire

John Reid McIntire (January 11, 1879 – January 9, 1949) was a pitcher for the Brooklyn Superbas (1905–1909), Chicago Cubs (1910–1912) and Cincinnati Reds (1913).
He helped the Cubs win the 1910 National League Pennant.
McIntire led the National League in Hits Allowed (340), Earned Runs Allowed (127) and Hit Batsmen (20) in 1905. He also led the league in Hits Batsmen in 1908 (20) and 1909 (21).
In 9 seasons he had a 71–117 Win–loss record, 237 Games, 188 Games Started, 140 Complete Games, 17 Shutouts, 40 Games Finished, 7 Saves, 1,650 Innings Pitched, 1,555 Hits Allowed, 778 Runs Allowed, 590 Earned Runs Allowed, 34 Home Runs Allowed, 539 Walks Allowed, 626 Strikeouts, 96 Hit Batsmen, 14 Wild Pitches, 6,753 Batters Faced and 3.22 ERA.
McIntire was good with the bat, posting a .218 batting average (134-for-615) scoring 54 runs, 2 home runs, 39 RBIs and drawing 29 bases on balls in his nine year major league career.
McIntire died in Daytona Beach, Florida at the age of 69.
# Societal attitudes towards women

Social attitudes towards women vary as greatly as the members of society themselves. From culture to culture, perceptions about women and related gender expectations differ greatly. In recent years, there has been a great shift in attitudes towards women globally as society critically examines the role that women should play, and the value that women have.

## Attitude towards women scale

The Attitude Towards Women Scale was created in 1972 by Dr. Janet T. Spence and Dr. Robert Helmreich. This scale consisted of 55 items that gauged attitudes of American undergraduate college students, both male and female, towards gender roles.
Since 1970, both men and women have demonstrated a more liberal attitude, meaning they perceive the role of women as more equal to that of man than they did in 1970. Culture is suggestive of how students will respond, with Southern students more likely to reflect a more traditional or conservative attitude. The scale has received criticism in that it evaluates attitudes towards equal rights for women rather than just the participants' feelings towards women.

## Historical influences on attitudes towards women
### Women and family

One of the most profound differences between men and women is the role each plays in reproduction. Menstruation and gestation have historically influenced and limited the role that women played in society. In some societies, a woman's value was measured in her ability to bear children, and raising children became the focus of many women's lives. However, in the twentieth century, these issues have been alleviated by several factors. First, a shift from an agrarian to an industrial society meant that people began having children at much lower rates, and women played an increasingly important role in the labor force. Secondly, advocates for contraception, such as Margaret Sanger, transformed the lives of women everywhere by giving them control over when and how often they would give birth. Gradually, these changes led to a shift in attitude where women were viewed as an integral part of the workforce and began to gain equality with men.
Women gained substantial respect in the workforce and increased participation in education in the last decades of the 20th century. Even still, a 1991 study employing data from the 1988 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) showed both men and women in West Germany, Great Britain and the United States preferred a primary familial role for women when they have young children.
# Magdalena Medio Antioquia

Magdalena Medio Antioquia is a subregion in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The region comprises six municipalities. The region is determined by its location within the Middle Magdalena Region which covers the central area of the Magdalena River basin.
* This Department of Antioquia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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