OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Little Bo-Peep

"Little Bo-Peep" or "Little Bo-Peep has lost her sheep" is a popular English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 6487.

## Lyrics and melody

As with most products of oral tradition, there are many variations to the rhyme. The most common modern version is:
    Little Bo-Peep has lost her sheep,
    And doesn't know where to find them;
    Leave them alone, and they'll come home,
    Wagging their tails behind them.
Common variations on the second line include "And can't tell where to find them." The fourth line is frequently given as "Bringing their tails behind them", or sometimes "Dragging their tails behind them". This alternative version is useful in the extended version, usually of four further stanzas. The melody commonly associated with the rhyme was first recorded in 1870 by the composer and nursery rhyme collector James William Elliott in his National Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Songs.

## Additional verses

The following additional verses are often added to the rhyme:
    Little Bo-Peep fell fast asleep,
    and dreamt she heard them bleating;
    but when she awoke, she found it a joke,
    for they were still a-fleeting.
    Then up she took her little crook,
    determined for to find them;
    she found them indeed, but it made her heart bleed,
    for they'd left their tails behind them.
    It happened one day, as Bo-Peep did stray
    into a meadow hard by,
    there she espied their tails side by side,
    all hung on a tree to dry.
    She heaved a sigh and wiped her eye,
    and over the hillocks went rambling,
    and tried what she could, as a shepherdess should,
    to tack each again to its lambkin.
This is an allusion of the common practice of "docking" or cutting off lambs' tails.

## Origins and history

The earliest record of this rhyme is in a manuscript of around 1805, which contains only the first verse which references the adult Bo Peep , called 'Little' because she was short and not because she was young. There are references to a children's game called "bo-peep", from the 16th century, including one in Shakespeare's King Lear (Act I Scene iv), for which "bo-peep" is thought to refer to the children's game of peek-a-boo, but there's no evidence that the rhyme existed earlier than the 18th century. The additional verses are first recorded in the earliest printed version in a version of Gammer Gurton's Garland or The Nursery Parnassus in 1810, published in London by Joseph Johnson.
The phrase "to play bo peep" was in use from the 14th century to refer to the punishment of being stood in a pillory. For example, in 1364, an ale-wife, Alice Causton, was convicted of giving short measure, for which crime she had to "play bo peep thorowe a pillery". Andrew Boorde uses the same phrase in 1542, "And evyll bakers, the which doth nat make good breade of whete, but wyl myngle other corne with whete, or do nat order and season hit, gyving good wegght, I would they myghte play bo peep throwe a pyllery". Nevertheless, connections with sheep are early; a fifteenth-century ballad includes the lines: "Halfe England ys nowght now but shepe // In every corner they play boe-peep".
# Hopetown Carriage Works

54°32′09″N 1°33′24″W﻿ / ﻿54.535875°N 1.556680°W﻿ / 54.535875; -1.556680
Hopetown Carriage Works, also known as the Stockton and Darlington Railway Carriage Works, was a carriage works of the Stockton and Darlington Railway built in 1853 in Hopetown, near Darlington, County Durham, England.
The works built railway carriages from 1853 to around 1884. Now preserved, it is still used as a museum workshop.

## Description

The building was to a design by Joseph Spark, completed by architects Ross & Richardson of Darlington. It is constructed of coursed squared stone and has a roof of Welsh slate; the building consists of a two storey centre section with Venetian style entrance, with two single storey wings.

### History

The building was used for the manufacture and maintenance of two axle railway carriages; there were two internal rail track running the length of the building and wings connected to the main network via a small turntables located in the central two storey building. The central building included lifting facilities (later removed). Construction on the site ended in the 1880s (about 1884.) with the introduction of longer wheelbase bogie vehicles for which the works was unsuited - all carriage manufacture was transferred to the York Railway Works after 1863 under the NER.
The building was later used as a store, and to repair wagons, as well as being used as a rifle range by the railway company.
In the 1980s the site and building was acquired by Darlington Borough Council and became part of the Darlington Railway Centre and Museum.
The building was Grade II listed in 1986.

### Current use

The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust, constructors of the new locomotive 60163 Tornado took over the tenancy buildings east wing in 1995. The North Eastern Locomotive Preservation Group (NELPG) took over the west wing in 2002. The New Build LNER Class P2, is being built here by the same people that created Tornado. In 2023, after 28 years of building steam locomotives in the works, the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust left the works for a new site in Darlington.
# Daisuke Ryu

Daisuke Ryu (Japanese: 隆大介, Korean: 장명남, Jang Myeong-nam, hanja: 張明男; 14 January 1957 – 11 April 2021) was a Japanese actor of Korean descent.
He won the Japanese "best new actor" Blue Ribbon Award for his performance as the warlord Oda Nobunaga in Akira Kurosawa's Kagemusha. His other notable performances include Saburo Ichimonji in another Kurosawa epic, Ran, and the legendary yamabushi, Musashibo Benkei, in Sogo Ishii's critically acclaimed Gojoe: Spirit War Chronicle. In 'The Ginger Tree' (based on the novel by Oswald Wynd), Daisuke Ryu played Count Kentaro Kurihama.
On March 21, 2015, Ryu travelled to Taiwan, where he was to perform in the Martin Scorsese film Silence. Upon arrival at Taoyuan International Airport, he was stopped by immigration officials due to having an incomplete entry form. Ryu, who was intoxicated at the time, engaged in an altercation with one of the officers, who sustained a fractured leg. He was indicted and prohibited from leaving Taiwan, and subsequently fired from the production of Silence. In May, 2015, Ryu reconciled with the injured official and publicly apologized for his actions. In June, he was fined by Taiwanese courts for his part in the incident and allowed to return to Japan.
# North Irwin, Pennsylvania

North Irwin is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 846 at the time of the 2010 census.

## Geography

North Irwin is located at 40°20′17″N 79°42′39″W﻿ / ﻿40.33806°N 79.71083°W﻿ / 40.33806; -79.71083 (40.338119, -79.710966).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 879 people, 381 households, and 243 families living in the borough.
The population density was 4,307.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,663.0/km$^2$). There were 393 housing units at an average density of 1,925.8 units per square mile (743.6 units/km$^2$).
The racial makeup of the borough was 98.29% White, 0.11% African American, 0.46% Native American, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.23% of the population.
There were 381 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 50.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the borough, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of eighteen, 8.1% from eighteen to twenty-four, 30.8% from twenty-five to forty-four, 22.5% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 16.0% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was thirty-nine years.
For every one hundred females, there were 94.0 males. For every one hundred females aged eighteen and over, there were 95.1 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $40,217. Males had a median income of $29,318 versus $19,881 for females.
The per capita income for the borough was $15,665.
Roughly 4.8% of families and 5.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those who were under the age of eighteen and 9.4% of those aged sixty-five or over.
# KITN (FM)

KITN (93.5 FM MHz) is a radio station licensed to Worthington, Minnesota and serving Nobles County, southwestern Minnesota, and parts of northwestern Iowa. The station is owned by Radio Works, LLC, and broadcasts a classic hits format branded as "93.5 Rewind FM."

## History

KITN launched in November 1994, and carried a country music format until 2002, when it flipped to classic hits as "93.5 The Eagle". Three Eagles Communications, which had recently purchased KITN, KWOA and KWOA-FM (now KUSQ), also owned Luverne based KLQL "K101", which also carried a country format. In 2007, the classic rock format of "The Eagle" was moved to 95.1 FM, and the adult contemporary format moved was moved 93.5 FM as "93.5 The Breeze". In 2012, Absolute Communications, which already owned 104.3 FM, purchased Three Eagles' Worthington stations. The country format on 104.3 FM was moved to 95.1 FM along with the KUSQ call letters. 93.5 FM flipped to a mainstream rock format as "Rock-It 93.5" and 104.3 FM flipped to a Top 40 (CHR) format as "104.3 The Party". KITN would drop mainstream rock for a classic hits format, branded as "Rewind FM," on January 1, 2023.
# Claude Liautard

Claude Rosalie Liautard (7 April 1774 – 17 December 1842) was a French Catholic priest, founder of Collège Stanislas in Paris, and an author in the field of education.

## Biography
### Birth and Early Life

Claude Rosalie Liautard was born in the Saint-Étienne-du-Mont parish in Paris. His baptism record, as noted by historian Georges Sauvé, was unusual: "On Friday, 7 April 1774, Claude Rosalie, said to be the son of Claude Liautard, bourgeois of Paris, and Rosalie de la Ramisse, was baptized. Born the same day on Rue du Fouarre and presented by Madame Dubois, midwife."
From an early age, his parentage appeared uncertain. While his father is named in the record, he was not present during the baptism. Liautard was raised in Versailles under the auspices of Marie-Antoinette, playing alongside other children in the circle of the future Duchess of Angoulême. Despite his apparent privilege and intelligence, the reasons for this royal favor remain unclear.
Some biographers, including Grandmaison y Bruno, suggest he was orphaned at four and adopted by a family friend with connections to Versailles. However, a note written by Liautard near the end of his life, seen by Abbé Oudry, hints that he may have been an illegitimate child of King Louis XV. This speculation aligns with rumors about his ancestry and his written work on the topic of "Foundlings."

### Priesthood

Claude Liautard became a Catholic priest and engaged in various ecclesiastical missions. His dedication to education and the priesthood became a defining feature of his career.
Liautard is best known for founding Stanislas College in Paris, a leading Catholic educational institution.
Liautard spent his final years in Fontainebleau, where he passed away on 17 December 1842.
# Mey (instrument)

The mey is a double-reed aerophone used in Turkish folk music. The mey, duduk, and balaban are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.

## Description

A mey consists of three parts: ana gövde (main part), kamış (reed), and kıskaç (clip).
* Cylindrical in shape and made of wood, the main part has seven finger holes on its front side, and one finger hole at the back. The mey's main tubular body is usually built from the wood of harder trees such as plum, walnut, beech, etc. It has a sound range of about one octave. There are three sizes of mey: cura mey (smallest, highest pitched), orta mey, and ana mey (largest, lowest pitched).
* A double reed (kamış in Turkish) essentially a large and almost flattened cylinder on the mouth side, and conical-round where it is attached to the main part, gives this instrument its characteristic deep sound.
* A tuning-bridle called kıskaç (clip) mounted to the end of the reed and pushed up and down on the reed until a position is decided serves to tune the Mey and to prevent alterations in pitch of the sound. A wooden piece similar to the kıskaç, which is called ağızlık, covers the part of the reed's mouth when the mey is not being played in order to preserve or protect it. The size and nature of the reed is dependent on the size and nature of the instrument, but is usually approximately one third the size of the main part.

## History

There are many instruments similar to the mey in Eurasia. These include the European aulos and douçaine , the Azerbaijani/Iranian balaban, the Uyghur balaman, the Dagestani yasti balaban, the Georgian duduki, the Armenian duduk, the Japanese hichiriki, the Korean piri, the Chinese guanzi and houguan, the Kyrgyz kamis sirnay, and the Cambodian pey au.
Musicologists like Farmer (1936: 316) and Picken (1975: 480) have suggested that the ancient wind instruments mait, monaulos, and auloi present major resemblances with the mey and the other similar instruments. In Hellenistic Egypt, there was an instrument called mait or monaulos which was similar to the mey and there was another one in Anatolia which was called auloi and its picture was found on a vase.
# Nicola Coleti

Nicola Coleti (or Coletti; 1680 – February 1765) was an Italian Catholic priest and historian.

## Life

Born in Venice, he studied at Padua, where he received the degree of Doctor. He was sent to the church of San Moisè at Venice, and there devoted himself to historical and antiquarian research.
He died at Venice in 1765.

## Works

His first work of importance was a new edition of Ferdinando Ughelli's Italia Sacra published in ten volumes from 1717 to 1722. Besides correcting many errors, Coleti continued Ughelli's history to the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Coleti then undertook the compilation of his large work entitled Collectio Conciliorum. Up to this time there had been two standard histories of the councils, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio by Philippe Labbe and Gabriel Cossart (1671–72), its supplement compiled by Étienne Baluze (of which only the first volume was published), and the collection of Jean Hardouin (1715). Coleti's collection was based on that of Labbe and Cossart, though he used Baluze and Hardouin. It was published by his brother Sebastiano from 1728 to 1733 in twenty-three volumes. The last two were called Apparatus primus and Apparatus secundus, containing the indexes.
Other works of Coleti's were Series episcoporum Cremonensium aucta (1749), and Monumenta ecclesiæ Venetæ S. Moisis (1758). Coleti also annotated a manuscript of Scipione Maffei, now preserved in the Biblioteca Vallicelliana at Rome.
# Thorn in My Side

"Thorn in My Side" is a song by British pop music duo Eurythmics. It was released as the second single from the duo's fifth studio album, Revenge (1986). Written by band members Annie Lennox and David A. Stewart, the song is a cast-off to an unfaithful lover. "Thorn in My Side" was produced by Stewart.

## Background

Although the first single from Revenge, "When Tomorrow Comes", barely reached the UK Top 30, "Thorn in My Side" became Eurythmics' ninth Top 10 single, reaching number five on the UK Singles Chart and marking their last appearance in the UK top 10. In the United States, the track stalled at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song additionally peaked at number two in Ireland and reached the top 10 in New Zealand (number seven) and Sweden (number six).

## Reception

Billboard said it sounds like "Swinging London, 1964" although it "views the past with as much irony as affection." Cash Box called it an "appealing pop/rock single" in which the "seething lyrics are masked by an infectious melody and Annie Lennox’s winning vocal."

## Music video

The music video, directed by Chris Ashbrook and Dave Stewart, depicts the band adorned in their black and leather Revenge stage costumes, playing in a studio set bar filled with an audience that includes a gang of Hells Angels. Clem Burke, drummer from the band Blondie, appears in the video as he was recording and touring with Eurythmics that year. It was also the second music video to feature backing vocalist Joniece Jamison, after first appearing in "When Tomorrow Comes".

## Track listings

7-inch single
    A. "Thorn in My Side" (album version) – 4:07
    B. "When Tomorrow Comes" (live at the Roxy in Los Angeles) – 5:02
12-inch single
    A1. "Thorn in My Side" (extended mix) – 6:54
    B1. "Thorn in My Side" (album version) – 4:07
    B2. "When Tomorrow Comes" (live at the Roxy in Los Angeles) – 5:02
12-inch single (Houston remix)
    A1. "Thorn in My Side" (Houston remix) – 5:49
    B1. "Thorn in My Side" (album version) – 4:07
    B2. "In This Town" (live)

## Certifications

Certifications for "Thorn in My Side" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Vardøger

Vardøger, also known as vardyvle or vardyger, is a spirit predecessor in Scandinavian folklore.
Stories typically include instances that are nearly déjà vu in substance, but in reverse, where a spirit with the subject's footsteps, voice, scent, or appearance and overall demeanor precedes them in a location or activity, resulting in witnesses believing they have seen or heard the actual person before the person physically arrives. This bears a subtle difference from a doppelgänger, with a less sinister connotation. It has been likened to being a phantom double, or form of bilocation. In Finnish folklore, the concept is known as etiäinen.
Originally, vardøger was considered a fylgja and/or vǫrð, a sort of guardian spirit. Thus, a vardöger is the representation of a human's inner essence, which manifests as an animal that most closely resembles the personality of the human.

## Etymology

Vardøgr is a Norwegian word defined as ‘‘premonitory sound or sight of a person before he arrives’’. It can also be interpreted as "harbinger". The word vardøger is from Old Norse varðhygi, consisting of the elements vǫrð, "care taker, guard, watchman" (akin to "warden") and hugr, "mind" or "soul". The same concept exists in Sweden but under the name of vård which also derives from Old Norse vǫrð.
# KUPH

KUPH is a radio station airing a Top 40 (CHR) format licensed to Mountain View, Missouri, broadcasting on 96.9 MHz FM. The station is owned by Greg Hoskins, through licensee Better Newspapers, Inc.
# Rothphone

The rothphone (German: Rothphon, Italian: ròthfono; also rothophone, rothaphone, or saxsarrusophone) is a metal double reed conical bore wind instrument similar to the sarrusophone, but built with a saxophone shape.

## History

The rothphone was invented by Friedrich Roth, who initially named it the rothcorno. It was primarily manufactured as the rothfono by Bottali in Milan when they took over the Roth workshop in 1898. Like the sarrusophone, it was intended to replace oboes and bassoons in military bands.
The rothphone gained some popularity in Italian wind and military bands between World War I and World War II, but remained almost completely unknown outside Italy. When Bottali folded in the mid 1930s and was taken over by Milan instrument manufacturer Orsi, Orsi sold their stock of Bottali-made rothphone instruments as the "saxrusofono".

## Construction

Rothphones were patented and introduced in five sizes in 1912 by Bottali, their only significant manufacturer:
* Soprano rothphone in B♭
* Alto rothphone in E♭
* Tenor rothphone in B♭
* Baritone rothphone in E♭
* Bass rothphone in B♭
Each instrument corresponded in range to the similar-sized sarrusophone or saxophone, and all are transposing instruments notated in treble clef. A contrabass was never built due to the similarity to the already established contrabass sarrusophone in bands of the time. For the same size of instrument, the bore of the rothphone is similar to the sarrusophone, and narrower than the saxophone.
# Baby Ortiz

Oliverio "Baby" Ortiz (December 5, 1919 – March 27, 1984) was a Cuban-born Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Washington Senators in 1944. He played parts of nine seasons in the minor leagues from 1944 to 1955, playing for sixteen teams.
# Akshamsaddin

Akshamsaddin (Muhammad Shams al-Din bin Hamzah, Turkish: Akşemseddin) (1389 in Damascus – 16 February 1459 in Göynük, Bolu), was an influential Ottoman Sunni Muslim scholar, poet, and mystic saint.

## Biography

He was the grandson of Shahab al-Din al-Suhrawardi and a descendant of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. He was an influential tutor and adviser to Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. After completing his work with his master Sheikh Hacı Bayram-ı Veli, he founded the Shamsiyya-Bayramiyya Sufi order. He discovered the lost grave of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (the companion of Muhammad) in Constantinople preceding the Siege of Constantinople.
In addition to his fame in religious sciences and Tasawwuf, Akshemsaddin was popular in the fields of medicine and pharmacology. There is not much reference to how he acquired this knowledge, but the Orientalist Elias John Wilkinson Gibb notes in his work History of Ottoman Poetry that Akshamsaddin learned from Haji Bayram Wali during his years with him. Akshamsaddin was also knowledgeable in the treatment of psychological and spiritual disorders. Akshamsaddin mentioned the microbe in his work Maddat ul-Hayat (The Material of Life) about two centuries prior to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's discovery through experimentation:
   It is incorrect to assume that diseases appear one by one in humans. Disease infects by spreading from one person to another. This infection occurs through seeds that are so small they cannot be seen but are alive.
Different sources claim that Akshemsaddin had seven or twelve sons; the youngest was the noted poet Ḥamd Allāh Ḥamdī.

## Works

* Risalat an-Nuriya
* Khall-e Mushkilat
* Maqamat-e Awliya
* Kitab ut-Tib
* Maddat ul-Hayat
# Andres Toobal

Andres Toobal (born 27 August 1988) is an Estonian volleyball coach. He is the head coach of Selver Tallinn of the Estonian Volleyball League and also serves as the assistant coach of the Estonia women's national volleyball team.

## Estonian national team

As a member of the senior Estonia men's national volleyball team, Toobal competed at the 2015 and 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship. With the national team Toobal won the 2016 European Volleyball League title.

## Sporting achievements
### Clubs
#### Baltic League

* 2009/2010 - with Pere Leib Tartu
* 2011/2012 - with Pärnu
* 2013/2014 - with Bigbank Tartu
* 2014/2015 - with Selver Tallinn

#### National championship

* 2006/2007 Estonian Championship, with Pärnu
* 2007/2008 Estonian Championship, with Pärnu
* 2008/2009 Estonian Championship, with Pärnu
* 2009/2010 Estonian Championship, with Pere Leib Tartu
* 2010/2011 Estonian Championship, with Pere Leib Tartu
* 2011/2012 Estonian Championship, with Pärnu
* 2013/2014 Estonian Championship, with Bigbank Tartu
* 2015/2016 Estonian Championship, with Selver Tallinn
* 2017/2018 Slovak Championship, with Prievidza

#### National cup

* 2013/2014 Estonian Cup 2013, with Bigbank Tartu
* 2017/2018 Slovak Cup 2018, with Prievidza

### National team

* 2016 European League

### Individual

* 2007 Young Estonian Volleyball Player of the Year
* 2018 Slovak Cup – Most Valuable Player

## Personal life

Andres Toobal is the younger brother of Estonia men's national volleyball team captain Kert Toobal.