OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# San Jose Township, Los Angeles County, California

34°04′40″N 117°46′34″W﻿ / ﻿34.07778°N 117.77611°W﻿ / 34.07778; -117.77611
San Jose Township was a township in Los Angeles County, California. It existed prior to the abolition of townships in California, and appeared as a subdivision of Los Angeles County in the 1860, 1870 and 1880 U.S. Censuses. Its area encompassed Rancho San Jose, the eastern portions of the county drained by San Jose Creek, including what is now the cities of Pomona, Claremont and Walnut. In 1880, it was recorded as having 1170 residents - which made it one of the smallest townships in Los Angeles County, but nevertheless a sizable settlement in the region, larger than Bakersfield and slightly smaller than Riverside (in that year, there were only three settlements with populations above 1000 in Southern California outside Los Angeles and Ventura counties.)
The territory of the township included, among others, villages known as Spadra and Lordsburg. Louis Phillips, reportedly the richest man in Los Angeles County in the late 19th century, was one of the residents of Spadra. The township was crossed by two east-west railroads, California Central Railway (later Southern California Railway and eventually Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway) to the north, with a train station at Lordsburg, and Southern Pacific Railroad to the south, with a station at Spadra (ten miles east of Puente and three miles west of Pomona.) Lordsburg was eventually incorporated as La Verne, California, and Spadra was annexed by Pomona.
The United States Census Bureau continued to profile townships in California until 1960 when it switched to reporting newly defined Divisions which were not coterminous with the prior township boundaries.
# Nico Kanitz

Nico Kanitz (born 13 May 1980) is a German footballer who plays as a left-back for VfB IMO Merseburg.

## Career

Kanitz joined Hallescher FC in 2007, then in the NOFV-Oberliga Süd, having previously played for VfB Leipzig, Sachsen Leipzig, Chemnitzer FC and Stuttgarter Kickers. He helped the club earn promotion to the Regionalliga Nord in his first season, and the 3. Liga in 2012, and played in their first game at this level, replacing Sören Eismann in a 1–0 win over Kickers Offenbach. Initially a midfielder, Kanitz was Halle's top scorer in his first three seasons with the club (jointly with Pavel David in his second), but in later years played in a more defensive role. He retired from professional football at the end of the 2012–13 season and signed for VfB IMO Merseburg.
# Straupe

Straupe (German: Groß-Roop) is a village in Straupe Parish, Cēsis Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.

## History

Before the village was founded, the area was a part of the ancient Idumea country. When the von Rosen family arrived, they first started building what would become the Lielstraupe Castle in the 13th century. By the 14th century the village of Straupe began to develop around the castle and later became the trade center. Due to its role along trade routes it became known in German as Roop, and received its town privileges in 1374. During the fourteenth century, Straupe flourished as part of the mercantile Hanseatic League and was on its way to becoming a 'Hansa City'. However, the town was destroyed during the fierce fighting of the Polish–Swedish War (1600–29). While mostly rebuilt, Straupe had lost its trade significance and eventually reverted back to village status by the 17th century. During the Latvian War of Independence, Straupe witnessed fighting between Estonian-Latvian and German Landeswehr forces in the Battle of Cesis (1919).

## Origin of name

It is possible that Straupe name comes from the Livonian language word raupa, meaning "running water."
# Ituaçu

Ituaçu (alternately spelled Ituassú, Ituassu or Ituacu) is a city in the Chapada Diamantina region of Bahia, Brazil. The city is 530 km from Salvador, the capital city of Bahia. It is the birthplace of singer Moraes Moreira, while another singer Gilberto Gil lived there from 2 months old. The climate is temperate, falling to 12 °C during the winter. Its estimated population in 2020 is 19,030.
# Zwieback

Zwieback (German: ) is a form of rusk eaten in Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Scandinavia, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Turkey. It is a type of crisp, sweetened bread, made with eggs and baked twice. It originated in East Prussia. According to Fabian Scheidler, Albrecht von Wallenstein invented zwieback to feed his mercenary army during the Thirty Years' War. The Mennonites brought Zwieback to the Russian Empire; before the Russian Revolution, when many emigrated to the west, they brought Zwieback to Canada, the United States and other parts of the world.
There are two types of zwieback. One type is made by pinching round pieces of dough, placing one piece on top of another, pressing them together by pushing a finger down through both pieces. It is then baked and served as warm soft rolls. This type is identified with Mennonites. The other type is a bread sliced before it is baked a second time, which produces crisp, brittle slices that closely resemble melba toast. Zwieback is commonly used to feed teething babies and as the first solid food for patients with an upset stomach.
The name comes from German zwei ("two") or zwie ("twi-"), and backen, meaning "to bake". Zwieback hence literally translates to "twice-baked". The French and Italian names, respectively, biscotte and fette biscottate have the same origin, biscotto (biscuit), which also means twice ("bis-") baked (-"cotto"). The Slovene name is prepečenec which would imply baked over ordinary or overbaked. The Serbo-Croatian name is dvopek which, again, is literally twice (dvo) baked (pek).

## Russian Mennonite Zwieback

Russian Mennonite zwieback, called Tweebak in Plautdietsch, is a yeast bread roll formed from two pieces of dough that are pulled apart when eaten. Placing the two balls of dough one on top of the other so that the top one does not fall off during the baking process is part of the art and challenge that must be mastered by the baker. Traditionally, this type of zwieback is baked Saturday and eaten Sunday morning and for afternoon Faspa (Standard German: "Vesper"), a light meal.
# Gretchen Kafoury

Gretchen Miller Kafoury (June 23, 1942 – March 13, 2015) was an American politician, who served in the Oregon House of Representatives, the Multnomah County Commission, and the Portland City Council. She served in the legislature from 1977–82, the Multnomah County Commission from 1985–91, and the Portland City Council from 1991-98.
Gretchen Miller met and married Stephen Kafoury while attending Whitman College in the early 1960s. She graduated from Whitman in 1963, with a Music degree. The couple moved to Portland in 1965, but soon afterward they joined the Peace Corps, and Gretchen Kafoury spent two years in Iran, teaching English as a Peace Corps volunteer. They returned to Portland in 1967, and Gretchen Kafoury became a teacher at Portland State University.
Kafoury co-founded the Oregon chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1970 and the Oregon Women's Political Caucus in 1971. In 1972, she was one of a small group of women (also including Mildred Schwab) who protested the City Club of Portland's policy excluding women members, effecting a change in the club's policy of more than fifty years.
By 1975, Gretchen and Stephen Kafoury had divorced, but Gretchen continued to use her married name. She subsequently married two more times, her last marriage ending in 1998, but continued to use the name Gretchen Kafoury or Gretchen Miller Kafoury.
Gretchen Kafoury's ex-husband, Stephen Kafoury, preceded her in the legislature, and her daughter Deborah Kafoury served two terms there as well, including one as minority leader.
She was elected to the Portland City Council in 1990, and served on the council from 1991 to 1998.
Beginning in 1999, Kafoury was an instructor at Portland State University, teaching classes related to homelessness, poverty, and community development.
She died on March 13, 2015, aged 72, of natural causes at her Portland home.
# Cuffee

Cuffee, Cuffey, or Coffey is a first name and surname recorded in African-American culture, believed to be derived from the Akan language name Kofi, meaning "born on a Friday". This was noted as one of the most common male names of West African origin which was retained by some American slaves.

## Racist connotation

The name was used in the United States as a derogatory term to refer to Black people. For example, Jefferson Davis, then a US Senator from Mississippi who later became the President of the Confederate States, said that the discussion of slavery in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case was merely a question of "whether Cuffee should be kept in his normal condition or not."

## Notable people
### Guyana

* Coffij, leader of the 18th century Berbice Rebellion in Guyana.

### Jamaica

* Cuffee, a maroon who waged a slave rebellion against plantation owners in Jamaica in the early 1800s.

### United Kingdom

* William Cuffay (1788–1870), Chartist leader, the son of a former slave.

### United States

* Cuffee Mayo (1803–1896), minister, laborer, and politician in North Carolina.
* Ed Cuffee (1902–1959), a jazz musician born in Norfolk, Virginia who moved to New York City in 1920 to pursue his career as a jazz trombonist.
* Paul Cuffee (1759–1817), a Massachusetts freeman and shipping magnate. Cuffee rejected the surname of his former owner, Slocum, and replaced it with his father's Akan name.
* Paul Cuffee (missionary) (1757–1812), Native American (Shinnecock) Christian minister, missionary, and preacher.
# Brachythemis wilsoni

Brachythemis wilsoni is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae, commonly known as Wilson's groundling. It was first described by Elliot Pinhey in 1952, with the type locality being Yambio, Sudan.
It is found in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, possibly Botswana, and possibly Kenya. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, rivers, and intermittent rivers.

## Characteristics of Brachythemis wilsoni

Brachythemis wilsoni exhibits the following characteristics typical of dragonflies in its genus:
Physical Appearance
1. Size: A small to medium-sized dragonfly.
2. Coloration: Males are often brightly colored, with reddish or orange-brown tones on the abdomen. Females are paler, typically yellowish or brownish with less vibrant markings.
3. Wings: The wings are clear but may have dark or reddish patches near the base. The venation pattern is typical of the Libellulidae family.
4. Eyes: Compound eyes are large and well-developed, aiding in excellent vision for hunting prey.
Habitat
* Found in slow-moving rivers, ponds, and lakes, particularly in savanna and shrubland regions.
* Thrives in both tropical and subtropical environments, including dry and moist savannas.
Behavior
* Prefers open, sunlit areas near water bodies.
* Known for its perching behavior, often resting on rocks or vegetation close to the ground.
* Males are territorial, often defending small patches of water against rivals.
Diet
* Predatory, feeding on smaller insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and other aquatic or semi-aquatic invertebrates.
Distribution
* Found across Africa, particularly in countries like Sudan, Uganda, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Ivan Radulov

Ivan Radulov (Bulgarian: Иван Радулов) (born 7 January 1939, in Burgas) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster.
As a chess player, he was most prominent during the 1970s, winning the Bulgarian Championship in 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980. He just missed out at the 1976 event, finishing 2nd (with Peicho Peev, after Evgeny Ermenkov). It was during this decade that Radulov took over from Georgi Tringov as Bulgaria's leading player, eventually giving way to Kiril Georgiev in the 1980s.
International tournament victories came at Torremolinos 1971 (shared with Miguel Quinteros), Helsinki 1972, Montilla 1974 (ahead of a strong field including Lubomir Kavalek, Helmut Pfleger, Miguel Quinteros, Florin Gheorghiu and Ulf Andersson), Bajmok 1975 (shared with Milan Matulović and Milan Vukić), Montilla 1975 (shared with Lev Polugaevsky) and Kikinda 1976. Second places at Varna 1968, Debrecen 1968 and Silkeborg 1983 were also noteworthy achievements and his third place at Albena in 1975, contributed to a busy and successful year. In 2013 in Plovdiv he won the European Senior Rapid Championships.
He was a regular member of the Bulgarian Olympiad team, competing eight times between 1968 and 1986 and winning bronze team and individual medals at his first appearance.
International Master and International Grandmaster titles were awarded to Radulov in 1968 and 1972, respectively. For many years, he was a practicing civil engineer and among other projects, contributed to the design of the central train station of Sofia.
Ivan Radulov has been married for more than 40 years to Eleonora and together they have two children and four grandchildren: Viktoria, Ivan, another Ivan, and Julian.
# Akialoa

Akialoa is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae. The ʻakialoa species are all extinct, but they formerly occurred throughout Hawaii.

## Species

The Oʻahu ʻakialoa, Maui Nui ʻakialoa, and Kauaʻi ʻakialoa were previously considered a single species, called the greater ʻakialoa.
There are 7 species in this genus, two of which are undescribed:
* Oʻahu ʻakialoa, Akialoa ellisiana - extinct, 1837 (confirmed) or 1940 (unconfirmed)
* Maui Nui ʻakialoa, Akialoa lanaiensis - extinct, 1892
* Lesser ʻakialoa, Akialoa obscura - extinct, 1940
* Kauaʻi ʻakialoa, Akialoa stejnegeri - extinct, 1969
* Hoopoe-billed ʻakialoa, Akialoa upupirostris - extinct, Holocene
* Akialoa sp., Maui - extinct, Holocene
* Giant ʻakialoa, Akialoa sp. - extinct, Holocene
# Semi-contrabassoon

The semi-contrabassoon (also called quint bassoon, semi-contra or half-contra) is a double reed woodwind instrument pitched between the bassoon and the contrabassoon. It is pitched in either F (quint bass) or G (quart bass) a fifth or fourth, respectively, below the bassoon. The cantata Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich, BWV 150, by Johann Sebastian Bach requires a bassoon in A, lower by a minor third than the ordinary bassoon.$^{:317}$

## History

These instruments were used mostly in the eighteenth century and are remnants of the old quart bass dulcians. Among the instruments surviving from this period is a semi-contrabassoon made in Leipzig by Johann Heinrich Eichentopf [de], who was active there from about 1717 until 1749. The organist Charles Marie Widor in his book on orchestration expected that the semi-contra would be added to the orchestra's roster.
   The basson-quinte has not yet been made, but bassoon-players are calling for it. It would form the true bass of the Woodwind group, a fifth below the standard instrument, descending consequently to E♭, a semitone lower than the double bass. The low A, which Wagner wrote below B♭ is admirably rich and full; 'then', say professionals, 'why not descend to E♭, with the same fingering and the same capabilities as the ordinary bassoon?' We have already seen that the low fifth, from double B♭ to double F, is sufficiently robust to bear any weight of sound; the "new" low fifth would be still more robust. The basson-quinte is said to be easy of construction; we look to instrument makers to provide us with it in the near future.
No instruments were ever constructed on his instigation. Widor's remarks come in light of the dismal state of the French contrabassoon in the late 19th century, which was generally replaced with a contrabass sarrusophone. Arthur Sullivan is said to have owned a semi-contra in F and included parts for it in some of his operettas. Aside from the Great (quart) bass dulcians, the only modern reproductions of historical semi-contras are being made by Guntram Wolf of Germany.
# Nico Klotz

Nico Klotz (born 20 September 1986) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender or midfielder.

## Career

Klotz joined MSV Duisburg for the 2014–15 season. On 9 May 2018, it was announced that he will leave Duisburg at the end of the 2017–18 season.

## Personal life

In March 2019, Klotz moved to Tus Mündelheim, a Bezirksliga team, while playing for their second team in the Kreisliga.
# Paul Kirk (footballer)

Paul Kirk (born 13 May 1953) is a Northern Irish retired football player and manager.

## Playing career

A forward, Paul Kirk played football during his career for Ballymena United, Glentoran, Crusaders, and Linfield, winning the league title with three of the four clubs. He also had a spell with Aston Villa in the 70s. Kirk played for the Glens in the 1970–71 European Cup against Waterford United and Eintracht Frankfurt. Eight years later he joined Waterford utd where he won the FAI Cup and league cup in 1980. Kirk scored twice against Hibernians F.C. in the 1980–81 European Cup Winners' Cup.

## Managerial career

Kirk managed Lisburn Distillery for 13 years. As one of the longest serving managers in the Irish League, he was surprisingly sacked at the beginning of the 2009–10 season after taking the club into Europe for the fourth time in six years. Paul also won the Ulster cup and two league winning promotions and was manager of the year on two occasions.
As manager of the Northern Ireland amateur league representative team Kirk won three consecutive Briton Rose bowls against Scotland.
A UEFA Pro licence coach, Kirk is the manager of Amateur League side Lisburn Rangers.

## Personal life

His son Andy Kirk is a retired footballer and former Northern Ireland international.

## Honours

Glentoran
* Irish League: 1969–70
Crusaders
* Irish League: 1975–76
Linfield F.C.
* Irish League: 1979–79
Waterford United
* FAI Cup: 1980
# Sabium

Sabium (sà-bu-um) (also Sabum) was an Amorite King in the First Dynasty of Babylon, the Amorite Dynasty. He reigned c. 1844 BC – 1831 BC (MC), and ruled what was at the time a small recently created Amorite kingdom which included the town of Babylon. Sabium makes no claim of kingship of Babylon itself, suggesting that it had not yet grown into the major metropolis it would become under his descendant Hammurabi. His is known to have maintained control over the city of Sippar, conquered by Sumu-la-El.
Ibal-pi-El I of Eshnunna is known to have concluded a treaty with Sin-Iddinam of Larsa and Sîn-kāšid of Uruk against Sabium and his ally Nerebtum.
# Himatione

Himatione is a genus of Hawaiian honeycreepers in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae.

## Species

It contains the following species:
* Laysan honeycreeper (Himatione fraithii) (extinct)
* ʻApapane (Himatione sanguinea)
# Quazi Sazzad Hossain

Quazi Sazzad Hossain is a Bangladesh academic and a former vice-chancellor of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology.

## Early life

Hossain was born in 1968 to a Bengali family of Muslim Quazis in the Dahar-para of Lahuria village in Lohagara, Narail, then part of the Jessore District of East Pakistan. He was the eldest child of educationist Quazi Mufazzel Hossain and Begum Lutf-i-Jahan. Hossain graduated from Narail Victoria College, and Universiti Sains Malaysia.

## Career

Hossain was a professor of the civil engineering department of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET).
On 13 August 2018, Hossain was appointed the vice-chancellor of KUET. He received three new buses for the university in 2019.
Hossain closed KUET in the first week of December 2021 after students and teachers were agitated over the death of professor Mohammad Selim Hossain who died following harassment by Bangladesh Chhatra League activists.
In August 2022, Hossain signed an agreement with Huawei to establish an ICT academy at KUET.
# John of Valladolid

John of Valladolid (born 1335) was a Spanish Jewish convert to Christianity.
An able speaker, and possessed of some knowledge of rabbinical literature, he persuaded King Henry II of Castile that he could convince the Jews of the truth of Christianity if they were obliged to listen to him and to answer his questions. An order was accordingly issued, compelling the Jews to attend John's lectures in their synagogues and to discuss them with him. In company with another Jewish convert, John traveled throughout the Castilian provinces and lectured and debated in the synagogues, but with lack of success.
At Ávila, he assembled the Jews four times and discussed with them the tenets of Christianity before numerous Christian and Moslem audiences. At Burgos he summoned Moses ha-Kohen of Tordesillas to a religious controversy in the presence of Archbishop Gomez of Toledo.
John endeavored to demonstrate from the Bible the Messianic claims and the divinity of Jesus, and the truth of the dogma of the Trinity and of other Christian doctrines. Thus, for instance, he claimed that the final closed "mem" used in Isaiah ix. 6 is an allusion to the Immaculate Conception. Moses ha-Kohen refuted arguments of this kind, and the controversy was broken off in the middle of the fourth sitting.
# Concord Records

Concord Records is an American record label owned by Concord and based in Los Angeles, California. Concord Records was launched in 1995 as an imprint designed to reach beyond the company's foundational Concord Jazz label. The label's artists have won 14 GRAMMY Awards and 88 GRAMMY nominations.
The original logo, a stylized eighth note incorporating the C and J of "Concord Jazz", was created by Bay Area graphic designer Dan Buck, who also worked on several album covers for the company.

## History

In 1999, Concord Records was purchased by a consortium led by Hal Gaba and television producer Norman Lear. Its offices were moved from Concord, California to Beverly Hills in 2002. That same year, Concord partnered with Starbucks to release Ray Charles's Genius Loves Company, which won eight GRAMMY Awards, including Album of the Year.
Concord Records purchased the Fantasy Label Group in 2004, and in December 2006 announced the reactivation of the Stax Records label as a forum for newly recorded music.
In 2005, it was announced that Concord Records had purchased Telarc Records and its subsidiary Heads Up, in a deal whose terms were not divulged.
In 2007, Concord Records started the Hear Music label in association with Starbucks, signing such artists as Paul McCartney, Joni Mitchell, and John Mellencamp. Although Starbucks ceased to be an active partner a year later, Concord kept Hear active, having a Top 5 album in 2010 with Carole King and James Taylor's Live at the Troubadour.
In 2008, Village Roadshow Pictures Group and Concord Music Group completed their merger, resulting in the creation of the Village Roadshow Entertainment Group.
Kenny G signed to Concord in early 2008, Herb Alpert in early 2009. On June 5, 2009, Dave Koz signed to Concord.
In 2010, it was announced that Paul McCartney's solo and Wings catalogs would be globally distributed by Concord Music Group.

## Former artists

* AFI
* Barry Manilow
* Casey Abrams
* Haley Reinhart
* Michael Bolton
* Terence Blanchard
* Tony Bennett
* Dionne Warwick
* Dawes
* R.E.M
# Chikaaki Takasaki

Chikaaki Takasaki (高崎 親章, Takasaki Chikaaki, 1853 – December 27, 1920) was a Japanese politician. He fought in the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. He was governor of Ibaraki Prefecture (1893–1896), Nagano Prefecture (1896–1897), Okayama Prefecture (1897–1900), Miyagi Prefecture (1900), Kyoto Prefecture (1900–1902) and Osaka (1902–1911).

## Awards

* 1894 – Order of the Sacred Treasure
* 1903 – Order of the Rising Sun
* 1907 – Order of the Rising Sun
* 1908 – Military Medal of Honor (Japan)
* 1916 – Victory Medal (Japan)