# Kulm (ski flying venue)

Kulm is a ski flying hill located in Tauplitz/Bad Mitterndorf, Styria, Austria opened in 1950.
In 2003, The women's world record at 200 metres was set by Daniela Iraschko-Stolz, who at the time was the only woman in history to have jumped over two hundred meters.
Furthermore, the men's world record has been set three times at Kulm (1962, 1965 and 1986).
This hill is one of only five of its type in the world, allowing for jumps of more than 240 metres. The current hill record of 244 m (801 ft) was set by Peter Prevc during the 2016 Ski Flying World Championships.
They hosted the five FIS Ski Flying World Championships here in 1975, 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016.
In 2015, the hill was last renovated to a current K200 and HS235, with much longer jumps possible.

## History
### 1948/49: Hill construction

Construction began in 1948 under leadership Viktor Stüger, president of Salzkammergut Ski Association, completed in 1949 as the largest natural ski jumping hill in the world, designed by Ing. Hans Peyerl.

### 1950: First unofficial event held

On 8–12 March 1950, opening International Ski Flying Week competition was held on new built ski flying hill. Hubert Neuper Sr. was honoured to be the first to try new hill. The last two days counted for "Longest Ski Jump" competition won by Rudi Dietrich (103 metres) ahead of Hans Eder (102 m) and third placed shared by Werfener Huber and Fritz Ruepp (both 94 metres). However, International Ski Federation (FIS) did not approve the hill and not even this unofficial competition, as it turned out to be, that hill was very poorly and insufficiently built, by far from the International standards valid back then.

### 1951: Second unofficial event held

On 16–18 March 1951, second International Ski Flying Week, an unofficial competition was held in front of total 15,000 people. Summary of total length of four jumps counted into final score. Already on first day, Bradl set new hill record at 115 meters. He was also the winner of the 4 jumps competition with 530 meters in total, in front of the 2nd ranked West German Sepp Hohenleitner (504 meters) and the 3rd ranked Rudi Dietrich (501 meters). Hill was rebuilt with many improvements, but to receive approval from the FIS to organize the official International Ski Flying Week, further requirements had to be met. Hill was again re-designed by Ing. Hans Peyerl in cooperation with the ski jumping FIS consultant Ing. Straumann.
In 1952, Salzkammergut Ski Association, governed body responsible for the hill was dissolved, because Ausseerland came back to Styria. In this way, it was possible to make this hill a top priority for the Styrian state government, which assigned the responsibility to the Styrian Ski Association.

### 1953: Hill officially opened with FIS approval

On 27 February–1 March 1953, three-day competition, 1st official "FIS International Ski Flying Week", finally recognized by FIS due to many upgrades. About 50,000 people visited the event. Josef Bradl won the competition with 449.8 points ahead of Andreas Däscher and Roy Sherwood.
On 10–11 March 1956, two-day competition, 2nd official "International Ski Flying Week" was held. Total four jumps counted into official result, two best jumps from each day. Peter Lesser won the event with total 428.5 points ahead of Veikko Heinonen (FIN) and Olaf B. Bjørnstad (NOR).
On 20–22 March 1959, three-day competition, 3rd official "International Ski Flying Week" was held, on the last day alone crowd of 30,000 people. Six jumps in total, two best from each day counted into official result. Torbjørn Yggeseth (NOR), founder of FIS World Cup won the event.

### 1962: Lesser set first world record

On 1–4 March 1962, three-day competition, 4th official "International Ski Flying Week" was held. Already on the first day, at the official training, East German Peter Lesser tied the world record with Jože Šlibar (Oberstdorf 1961), first on this hill, at 141 m (463 ft). His teammate Helmut Recknagel won ahead of two West Germans Wolfgang Happle and Max Bolkart, watched by more than 40,000 people on Sunday, the last day alone.

### 1965: Lesser set second world record

On 19–21 March 1965, three-day competition, "K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week" was held. First day (Friday) counted as official training, but also as a reserved date, if one of two competition days (Saturday or Sunday) was cancelled, would be calculated into official result. Already on first day, Bjørn Wirkola fell at world record distance at 144 meters (472 ft). On Saturday, Peter Lesser also fell at world record distance at 147 metres (482 ft). On Sunday, in front of 30,000 people, Peter Lesser set official world record for the second time here after three years at 145.5 metres (477 ft).

### 1971: Competition blown away

On 19–21 March 1971, three-day competition, "K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week", which would also be counting for "Europa Cup", was due to strong wind all three days, first and only time in history completely cancelled. Only four trial jumpers managed to perform the last day. Saturday and Sunday results were planned to count into official results, and if one of them was cancelled, Friday results would be counting as a reserve.

### 1986: Horrible crashes and WR tied

On 8–9 March 1986, Kulm hosted "9th FIS Ski Flying World Championships" at enlarged and rebuilt with new K185 point, renovation plan inspired by Planica. More than 50,000 people in total visited in all three days. It started great already on official training (Friday), with new hill record at 188 meters (617 ft) set by Austrian Franz Neuländtner. On the last day (Sunday), Masahiro Akimoto, Ulf Findeisen, Øyvind Berg and Grega Peljhan, all four crashed very hard, from high in the air direct to the ground. Four best jumps in total (2 of 3 best jumps each day) counted into final results. For the great final Andreas Felder who became world champion, set the world record at 191 m (627 feet) and equaled it with Matti Nykänen (1985).

### 1996: World Championships counted also for World Cup

On 10–11 February 1996, two-day competition "14th FIS Ski Flying World Championships", with each day also counting for FIS World Cup, was held. Total of 130,000 people gathered in all four days. It all started with free training on Thursday, when Jens Weißflog (201 m) became the first who managed to surpass two-hundred-meter mark on this hill and 8th jump over this barrier in history. Andreas Goldberger became world champion in front of home crowd with total four jumps, two from each day counting (183, 183, 194 and 198 m), with final score of total 738.1 points.

## Events

| Date | Year | Hillsize | Winner | Second | Third |
| ↓ International Ski Flying Week ↓ (FIS did not officially recognize those two competitions) ||||||
| 11–12 March | 1950 | K95 | Rudi Dietrich | Hans Eder | Werfener Huber Fritz Ruepp |
| 16–18 March | 1951 | K95 | Sepp Bradl | Sepp Hohenleitner | Rudi Dietrich |
| ↓ FIS International Ski Flying Week ↓ ||||||
| 27 February — 1 March | 1953 | K120 | Sepp Bradl | Andreas Däscher | Roy Sherwood |
| 10–11 March | 1956 | K120 | Werner Lesser | Veikko Heinonen | Olaf B. Bjørnstad |
| 20–22 March | 1959 | K120 | Torbjørn Yggeseth | Helmut Recknagel | Walter Habersatter |
| 2–4 March | 1962 | K120 | Helmut Recknagel | Wolfgang Happle | Max Bolkart |
| ↓ K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week ↓ ||||||
| 19–21 March | 1965 | K120 | Henrik Ohlmeyer | Bernd Karwofsky | Peter Lesser |
| 3 March | 1968 | K120 | Zbyněk Hubač | Reinhold Bachler | Jiří Raška |
| ↓ K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week = FIS Europa Cup ↓ ||||||
| 19–21 March | 1971 | K120 | strong wind all three days; only four jumps held in total | strong wind all three days; only four jumps held in total | strong wind all three days; only four jumps held in total |
| ↓ 3rd FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓ ||||||
| 14–16 March | 1975 | K165 | Karel Kodejška | Rainer Schmidt | Karl Schnabl |
| ↓ K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week ↓ ||||||
| 3–5 March | 1978 | K165 | Peter Leitner | Falko Weißpflog | Alois Lipburger |
| ↓ FIS World Cup ↓ ||||||
| 12 March | 1982 | K165 | Matti Nykänen | Hubert Neuper | Andreas Felder |
| 13 March | 1982 | K165 | Hubert Neuper | Matti Nykänen | Ole Bremseth |
| 14 March | 1982 | K165 | Hubert Neuper | Ole Bremseth | Armin Kogler |
| ↓ 9th FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓ ||||||
| 8–9 March | 1986 | K185 | Andreas Felder | Franz Neuländtner | Matti Nykänen |
| ↓ FIS World Cup ↓ ||||||
| 23 February | 1991 | K185 | Stephan Zünd | Ari-Pekka Nikkola | Per-Inge Tällberg |
| 24 February | 1991 | K185 | Stefan Horngacher | Ralph Gebstedt | Heinz Kuttin |
| 30 January | 1993 | K185 | Jaroslav Sakala | Werner Haim | Andreas Goldberger |
| 31 January | 1993 | K185 | Jaroslav Sakala | Didier Mollard | Andreas Goldberger |
| ↓ 14th FIS Ski Flying World Championships = FIS World Cup ↓ ||||||
| 10 February | 1996 | K185 | Janne Ahonen | Andreas Goldberger | Ari-Pekka Nikkola |
| 11 February | 1996 | K185 | Andreas Goldberger | Christof Duffner | Janne Ahonen |
| Championships (10–11 February) | Championships (10–11 February) | Championships (10–11 February) | Andreas Goldberger | Janne Ahonen | Urban Franc |
| ↓ FIS World Cup ↓ ||||||
| 8 February | 1997 | K185 | Takanobu Okabe | Andreas Goldberger | Primož Peterka |
| 9 February | 1997 | K185 | Primož Peterka | Andreas Goldberger | Takanobu Okabe |
| 19 February | 2000 | K185 | Sven Hannawald | Andreas Widhölzl | Tommy Ingebrigtsen |
| 20 February | 2000 | K185 | cancelled due to strong wind | cancelled due to strong wind | cancelled due to strong wind |
| 1 February | 2003 | K185 | Florian Liegl | Sven Hannawald | Adam Małysz |
| 2 February | 2003 | K185 | Sven Hannawald | Florian Liegl | Matti Hautamäki |
| 15 January | 2005 | HS200 | Andreas Widhölzl | Roar Ljøkelsøy | Adam Małysz |
| 16 January | 2005 | HS200 | Adam Małysz | Andreas Widhölzl | Risto Jussilainen |
| ↓ 19th FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓ ||||||
| 13–14 January | 2006 | HS200 | Roar Ljøkelsøy | Andreas Widhölzl | Thomas Morgenstern |
| 15 January | 2006 | HS200 | NorwayBjørn Einar Romøren Lars Bystøl Tommy Ingebrigtsen Roar Ljøkelsøy | FinlandJanne Happonen Tami Kiuru Matti Hautamäki Janne Ahonen | GermanyMichael Neumayer Georg Späth Alexander Herr Michael Uhrmann |
| ↓ FIS World Cup ↓ ||||||
| 10 January | 2009 | HS200 | Gregor Schlierenzauer | Simon Ammann | Martin Koch |
| 11 January | 2009 | HS200 | Gregor Schlierenzauer | Harri Olli | Simon Ammann |
| 9 January | 2010 | HS200 | Robert Kranjec | Simon Ammann | Martin Koch |
| 10 January | 2010 | HS200 | Gregor Schlierenzauer | Robert Kranjec | Harri Olli |
| 14 January | 2012 | HS200 | strong wind; postponed to the next day morning as event No.1 | strong wind; postponed to the next day morning as event No.1 | strong wind; postponed to the next day morning as event No.1 |
| 15 January | 2012 | HS200 | Robert Kranjec | Thomas Morgenstern | Anders Bardal |
| 15 January | 2012 | HS200 | Anders Bardal | Daiki Ito | Kamil Stoch |
| 11 January | 2014 | HS200 | Noriaki Kasai | Peter Prevc | Gregor Schlierenzauer |
| 12 January | 2014 | HS200 | Peter Prevc | Gregor Schlierenzauer | Noriaki Kasai |
| 10 January | 2015 | HS225 | Severin Freund | Stefan Kraft | Jurij Tepeš |
| 11 January | 2015 | HS225 | cancelled due to strong wind | cancelled due to strong wind | cancelled due to strong wind |
| ↓ 24th FIS Ski Flying World Championships ↓ ||||||
| 15–16 January | 2016 | HS225 | Peter Prevc | Kenneth Gangnes | Stefan Kraft |
| 17 January | 2016 | HS225 | NorwayAnders Fannemel Johann André Forfang Daniel-André Tande Kenneth Gangnes | GermanyAndreas Wellinger Stephan Leyhe Richard Freitag Severin Freund | AustriaStefan Kraft Manuel Poppinger Manuel Fettner Michael Hayböck |
| ↓ FIS World Cup ↓ ||||||
| 13 January | 2018 | HS235 | Andreas Stjernen | Daniel-André Tande | Simon Ammann |
| 14 January | 2018 | HS235 | cancelled due to strong wind | cancelled due to strong wind | cancelled due to strong wind |
| 15 February | 2020 | HS235 | Piotr Żyła | Timi Zajc | Stefan Kraft |
| 16 February | 2020 | HS235 | Stefan Kraft | Ryōyū Kobayashi | Timi Zajc |
| 28 January | 2023 | HS235 | Halvor Egner Granerud | Stefan Kraft | Domen Prevc |
| 29 January | 2023 | HS235 | Halvor Egner Granerud | Timi Zajc | Stefan Kraft |

## Hill record
### Men

Possible HRs, start order in 2R unclear (7.3.1986) – Bauer (176m), Klauser (175m), Suorsa (172m), Nykänen (170m), Findeisen (169m).
| Date | | Length |
| 18 February 1950 | Hubert Neuper Sr. | 75.0 m (246 ft) |
| 18 February 1950 | Hubert Neuper Sr. | 93.0 m (305 ft) |
| 18 February 1950 | Hubert Neuper Sr. | 96.0 m (315 ft) |
| 8 March 1950 | Alois Leodolter | 100.0 m (328 ft) |
| 9 March 1950 | Rudi Dietrich | 101.0 m (331 ft) |
| 11 March 1950 | Hans Eder | 102.0 m (335 ft) |
| 11 March 1950 | Hans Eder | 106.5 m (349 ft) |
| 12 March 1950 | Rudi Gering | 104.0 m (341 ft) |
| 12 March 1950 | Hans Eder | 102.5 m (336 ft) |
| 12 March 1950 | Rudi Dietrich | 103.0 m (338 ft) |
| 16 March 1951 | Sepp Bradl | 115.0 m (377 ft) |
| 27 February 1953 | Toni Brutscher | 116.0 m (381 ft) |
| 27 February 1953 | Roy Sherwood | 120.0 m (394 ft) |
| 28 February 1953 | Sepp Bradl | 120.0 m (394 ft) |
| 9 March 1956 | Werner Lesser | 125.0 m (410 ft) |
| 20 March 1959 | Torbjørn Yggeseth | 127.0 m (467 ft) |
| 1 March 1962 | Peter Lesser | 141.0 m (463 ft) |
| 19 March 1965 | Bjørn Wirkola | 144.0 m (472 ft) |
| 20 March 1965 | Peter Lesser | 147.0 m (482 ft) |
| 21 March 1965 | Peter Lesser | 145.5 m (477 ft) |
| 15 March 1975 | Karl Schnabl | 151.0 m (495 ft) |
| Date | | Length |
| 2 March 1978 | Matthias Buse | 151.0 m (495 ft) |
| 5 March 1978 | Edi Federer | 164.0 m (538 ft) |
| 12 March 1982 | Hubert Neuper | 166.0 m (545 ft) |
| 12 March 1982 | Matti Nykänen | 166.0 m (545 ft) |
| 14 March 1982 | Hubert Neuper | 167.0 m (548 ft) |
| 14 March 1982 | Matti Nykänen | 169.0 m (555 ft) |
| 7 March 1986 | Franz Neuländtner | 188.0 m (617 ft) |
| 9 March 1986 | Andreas Felder | 191.0 m (627 ft) |
| 8 February 1996 | Jens Weißflog | 201.0 m (659 ft) |
| 8 February 1997 | Takanobu Okabe | 205.0 m (673 ft) |
| 20 February 2000 | Andreas Goldberger | 209.5 m (687 ft) |
| 31 January 2003 | Christian Nagiller | 220.0 m (722 ft) |
| 31 January 2003 | Sven Hannawald | 214.0 m (702 ft) |
| 10 January 2009 | Gregor Schlierenzauer | 215.5 m (707 ft) |
| 9 January 2015 | Jurij Tepeš | 220.0 m (722 ft) |
| 9 January 2015 | Robert Kranjec | 221.0 m (725 ft) |
| 9 January 2015 | Severin Freund | 237.5 m (779 ft) |
| 15 January 2016 | Noriaki Kasai | 240.5 m (789 ft) |
| 15 January 2016 | Peter Prevc | 243.0 m (797 ft) |
| 16 January 2016 | Peter Prevc | 244.0 m (801 ft) |
| 27 January 2023 | Žiga Jelar | 247.5 m (812 ft) |

### Ladies

| Date | | Length |
| 4 February 1997 | Eva Ganster | 141.0 m (472 ft) |
| 5 February 1997 | Eva Ganster | 161.0 m (528 ft) |
| 6 February 1997 | Eva Ganster | 163.0 m (535 ft) |
| 7 February 1997 | Eva Ganster | 164.5 m (540 ft) |
| 9 February 1997 | Eva Ganster | 165.0 m (541 ft) |
| 9 February 1997 | Eva Ganster | 167.0 m (548 ft) |
| 29 January 2003 | Daniela Iraschko-Stolz | 188.0 m (618 ft) |
| 29 January 2003 | Daniela Iraschko-Stolz | 200.0 m (656 ft) |

## Technical data

* Hillsize – HS235
* Inrun angle – 35.3°
* Inrun length – 117.4 m
* Calculation point – K200
* Take-off table (height) – 4.75 m
* Landing zone angle – 30.5° to 37.5°
* Vertical (from top to bottom) – 197 m
* Vertical (take-off table to bottom) – 135 m