OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Email apnea

Email apnea is a term coined in 2007 by former Microsoft executive Linda Stone, meaning "a temporary absence or suspension of breathing, or shallow breathing, while doing email."

## Phenomenon

Email apnea refers to the tendency to hold one's breath while engaging in email activities, a term derived from sleep apnea, which involves repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. The term was coined by writer, speaker, and Microsoft executive Linda Stone. This phenomenon can exacerbate anxiety, as it often occurs during high-stress situations, leading to increased physical tension and mental strain. According to psychologists, high achievers and perfectionists are especially prone to email apnea due to a tendency to seek perfection in every email they send, which increases the stress around it and demands more focus. Email apnea can result in sleep disturbances, decreased energy levels, and heightened feelings of depression and anxiety.
In 2007, Stone observed that she found herself holding her breath while answering emails, inhaling in anticipation but failing to exhale as emails arrived. To explore this, she conducted informal research by having friends and colleagues to respond to emails while monitoring their heart rates. She discovered that 80% of participants exhibited what she termed "email or screen apnea," characterized by shallow or suspended breathing during screen use. The remaining 20%, including trained professionals like a cellist and athletes, showed normal breathing patterns.
To counteract email or screen apnea, some psychologists have suggested sitting comfortably in an upright posture while focusing on breathing without control. Individuals should observe the sensations of inhalation and exhalation, redirecting attention to the breath if distracted. After three breaths, it is beneficial to stand, stretch and move briefly. Regular movement and stretching throughout the day are also recommended to reduce tension and enhance mindfulness.
# Contrail (software)

Contrail was a cloud federation computing project that ran from 1 October 2010 until 31 January 2014. Contrail produced open-source cloud stack software including Security, PaaS components, Distributed file system, Application Lifecycle management middleware, and SLA Management. Contrail supports OVF standard and runs on OpenStack and OpenNebula. Contrail software is a full IaaS + PaaS Cloud stack ready to implement Cloud Federations.
The most recent release is version 1.3, allowing:
* Cloud federation
* SLA Management
* Usage CONtrol
* Login over Google
* XtreemFS support
* SAML Support
* OAuth2 standard
* Virtual infrastructure Network (VIN)
* Virtual Execution Platform (VEP)
* Single Sign On (SSO)* Cloud federations*PAAS*IAAS*
* Authorization Server
* Dynamic-CA
* Hadoop
Contrail is partially funded by the FP7 Programme of the European Commission under Grant Agreement FP7-ICT-257438.
Contrail also allows virtualization, alongside Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service. and Hybrid clouds.
# Made Wianta

Made Wianta (20 December 1949 – 13 November 2020) was an Indonesian artist who was concerned with social and cultural changes and social issues. He has been described as one of his country's best known artists.

## Selected works

Growing Hands (1983) Chinese ink on paper 55 cm x 3.75 cm A painting made with Chinese ink. Wianta considered this to be a painting during the Karangasem Period.
Unformal Object II (1998) A painting that combines both western and Asian medium, using both oil and acrylic as well as Chinese ink. This work is considered to be completed during the Dot period, displaying an influence of pointillism within his artwork.
Golden City on Blue (1995) Chinese ink and acrylic on canvas A painting which comprises geometrical shapes. Mediums include Chinese ink, acrylic with gold-leaf on the canvas. This is a work he considered under his Quadrangle Period.
Purple Calligraphy (2010) A painting completed on fragrant canvas with acrylic. Strong Chinese painting influence can be observed.
Calligraphy on the blue gate (1995) Acrylic and gold on canvas 247 cm x 117 cm
Broken Triangle (1990) Oil and acrylic on canvas 120 cm X 91 cm
Golden City On Blue (undated) Chinese ink, oil, and gold-leaf on canvas 30 cm X 30 cm
# Hans Bauge

Hans Kristian Bauge is a Norwegian former taxi driver who became known as a participant in television debates in the 1990s.

## Biography

Bauge was a regular participant in the television programs Klart svar [no] and Lønning & Staff [no] and was often allowed to express his views. He was supposed to represent the "man on the street" and was popular for his personality, with thick glasses, clenched fists, and a loud voice characterized by anger and passion.
The background to Bauge's participation was a dispute he had with Oslo Taxisentral [no] (and later the Oslo municipality itself) over the suspension of his taxi license. This came about after he had insisted on the rights to drive a taxi in a uniform of his own design and refusal to accept credit cards. He sent several faxes about his case to TVNorge and was eventually invited onto Klart svar.
In 1997, during an argument with Odd F. Lindberg over whaling on an episode of Lønning & Staff, Bauge produced a bloody cut of whale meat to emphasize his support for the practice.
Bauge was originally associated with the Progress Party, but later moved to the Norway Democrats. He received the second place nomination for the Norway Democrats in Akershus during the 2009 Norwegian parliamentary election.
# Wong Foon Meng

Wong Foon Meng (Chinese: 王茀明; pinyin: Wáng Fúmíng; Jyutping: Wong4 Fat1 Ming4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông Hut-bêng) is a Malaysian politician and engineer. He is also the former President of the Dewan Negara and a former Terengganu State Assemblyman for the seat of Bandar, Kuala Terengganu from 1995 to 1999.

## Early career

Wong was a civil servant in Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment from 1978 to 1990 and later became a Consulting Engineer in 1991 upon leaving the government service.

## Political career

Wong made his debut in the 1990 general election by contesting the Bandar, Kuala Terengganu state seat but lost. He was elected to the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly in the 1995 general election but lost his seat in the subsequent 1999 general election.
He was appointed to the Senate in April 2004, and elected as the Deputy President of the Senate in July the same year. He went on to become Senate President on 7 July 2009. His term ended on 12 April 2010, and he was succeeded by Abu Zahar Ujang.
Wong was the secretary-general for Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) from 2008 to 2010 when he was picked by the former president Ong Tee Keat then.

## Post political personal life

He is currently the Chairman of Bina Puri Holdings Berhad, a Malaysian Main Market public listed company involved in construction, property development, quarrying activities and highway concession.

## Election results

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1990 | N13 Bandar | Wong Foon Meng (MCA) | 3,956 | 37.61% | Harun Jusoh (PAS) | 4,682 | 44.51% | 10,518 | 726 | 73.20% |
| 1990 | N13 Bandar | Wong Foon Meng (MCA) | 3,956 | 37.61% | Ng Chai Hing (DAP) | 1,519 | 14.44% | 10,518 | 726 | 73.20% |
| 1990 | N13 Bandar | Wong Foon Meng (MCA) | 3,956 | 37.61% | Ghazali bin Mohamad (IND) | 99 | 0.94% | 10,518 | 726 | 73.20% |
| 1995 | N14 Bandar | Wong Foon Meng (MCA) | 6,970 | 54.36% | Mustafa @ Hassan bin Ali (PAS) | 5,562 | 43.38% | 12,823 | 1,925 | 74.72% |
| 1999$^{a.}$ | N14 Bandar | Wong Foon Meng (MCA) | 6,245 | 46.42% | Md Azmi Lop Yusof (PAS) | 6,756 | 50.22% | 13,452 | 511 | 74.39% |
| 1999$^{a.}$ | N14 Bandar | Wong Foon Meng (MCA) | 6,245 | 46.42% | Ng Chai Hing (IND) | 187 | 1.39% | 13,452 | 511 | 74.39% |
Note: $^{a.}$ During 1999 election, the Barisan Nasional (BN) ruled Terengganu state government has also fallen to the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) led Barisan Alternatif coalition.

## Honours
### Honours of Malaysia

* Malaysia :
** Companion of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (JMN) (2001)
** Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2012)
* Terengganu :
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Terengganu (DPMT) – Dato' (2005)
# Amon Murwira

Professor Amon Murwira is Zimbabwe's Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. He is a member of Zanu-PF and was appointed to cabinet in 2017, after Emmerson Mnangagwa became Zimbabwe's leader.
Murwira is also a lecturer in the Department of Geography and Environmental Science at the University of Zimbabwe. He completed his postgraduate studies at the University of Twente in the Netherlands, graduating with a Master of Science in Environmental Systems Analysis and Monitoring, as well as a PhD in Geographic Information Science (GIS and Remote Sensing).
# Delaware Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania

Delaware Township is a township in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,610 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

The township is in eastern Juniata County and is bordered to the south by the crests of Tuscarora Mountain and Lock Ridge. The Juniata River flows through the southern part of the township. Delaware Creek flows through the township from north to south, entering the Juniata south of Thompsontown. Cocolamus Creek rises in the northeast corner of the township and joins the Juniata to the east in Greenwood Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, Delaware Township has a total area of 29.6 square miles (76.7 km$^2$), of which 29.0 square miles (75.2 km$^2$) are land and 0.58 square miles (1.5 km$^2$), or 2.00%, are water.
U.S. Routes 22 and 322 cross the township together as a four-lane expressway, leading west to Lewistown and southeast to Harrisburg.
Delaware Township is bordered by Fayette Township to the north, Monroe and Greenwood Townships to the east, Perry County to the east and south, and Walker Township to the west. The borough of Thompsontown is surrounded by Delaware Township. Unincorporated communities in the township include East Salem and Maze in the north, Goodville in the center, and Thompsontown station on the south side of the Juniata River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,464 people, 556 households, and 434 families residing in the township. The population density was 49.8 inhabitants per square mile (19.2/km$^2$). There were 642 housing units at an average density of 21.8/sq mi (8.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.39% White, 0.14% Native American, 0.07% Asian, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.27% of the population.
There were 556 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.4% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $35,919, and the median income for a family was $38,920. Males had a median income of $29,605 versus $21,125 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,840. About 4.1% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.1% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Diogo Caramelo

Diogo Miguel Caramelo Santos (born 22 November 1992), known as Caramelo, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker.

## Club career

Born in Lisbon, Caramelo played youth football with S.L. Benfica. He made his debut as senior in the lower leagues, successively representing G.D. Ribeirão and Real SC.
Caramelo signed for Singapore club Tampines Rovers FC in June 2013 after a short trial, being joined in the adventure by fellow Portuguese Vítor Ladeiras and André Martins. He scored his only goal in the S.League on 25 August, helping to a 6–2 away win against Brunei DPMM FC.
Caramelo subsequently returned to his country, resuming his career in the third division or lower.
# Annonoideae

Annonoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Annonaceae, with genera distributed in tropical areas world-wide. The family and this subfamily are based on the type genus Annona.

## Tribes and genera

The following genera, subdivided into seven tribes are accepted:

### Annoneae

Auth.: Endlicher 1839
* Annona L. (synonym Rollinia A. St.-Hil.)
* Anonidium Engl. & Diels
* Asimina Adans. (synonym Deeringothamnus Small)
* Diclinanona Diels
* Disepalum Hook. f.
* Goniothalamus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson (synonym Richella A.Gray)
* Neostenanthera Exell (synonym Boutiquea Le Thomas)

### Bocageeae

Auth.: Endlicher 1839
* Bocagea A.St.-Hil.
* Cardiopetalum Schltdl.
* Cymbopetalum Benth.
* Froesiodendron R.E.Fr.
* Hornschuchia Nees
* Mkilua Verdc.
* Porcelia Ruiz & Pav.
* Trigynaea Schltdl.

### Duguetieae

Auth.: Chatrou & Saunders 2012
* Duckeanthus R.E.Fr.
* Duguetia A.St.-Hil.
* Fusaea (Baill.) Saff.
* Letestudoxa Pellegr.
* Pseudartabotrys Pellegr.

### Guatterieae

Auth.: Hooker & Thomson 1855
* Guatteria Ruiz & Pav.

### Monodoreae

Auth.: Baill. 1868
* Asteranthe Engl. & Diels
* Dennettia Baker f.
* Hexalobus A.DC.
* Isolona Engl.
* Lukea Cheek & Gosline
* Mischogyne Exell
* Monocyclanthus Keay
* Monodora Dunal
* Uvariastrum Engl.
* Uvariodendron (Engl. & Diels) R.E.Fr.
* Uvariopsis Engl.

### Ophrypetaleae

Auth.: Dagallier & Couvreur 2023
* Ophrypetalum Diels
* Sanrafaelia Verdc.

### Uvarieae

Auth.: Hooker & Thomson 1855
* Afroguatteria Boutique
* Cleistochlamys Oliv.
* Dasymaschalon (Hook.f. & Thomson) Dalla Torre & Harms
* Desmos Lour.
* Dielsiothamnus R.E.Fr.
* Fissistigma Griff.
* Friesodielsia Steenis (syn. Schefferomitra Diels)
* Monanthotaxis Baill.
* Pyramidanthe Miq. (syn. Mitrella Miq.)
* Sphaerocoryne (Boerl.) Ridl.
* Toussaintia Boutique
* Uvaria L. (synonym Balonga Le Thomas and Melodorum Lour.)

### Xylopieae

Auth.: Endlicher 1839
* Artabotrys R.Br.
* Xylopia L.
# Golden Glavcot

The Golden Glavcot is a breed of domestic rabbit recognised by the British Rabbit Council (BRC). It is a small rabbit, weighing 5–6 lb (2.3–2.7 kg), with a golden-roan coat. The BRC standard for this breed describes its color thus: "A broad band of slate, merging into brown, tipped with light roan, the whole body interspersed with dark brown, nape of neck light brown, flanks and chest ticking off to a uniform shade slightly lighter than the body, under parts of body cream/white with slate under colour."
A Silver Glavcot breed existed in the early 20th century, but it, along with the original Golden Glavcot, became extinct. The Golden Glavcot was recreated in the 1960s. Today, it is a member of the BRC's "Rare Varieties Club".
# Kâzım Kıvılcım

Ahmed Kazım Kıvılcım (1876 in Kemah, Ottoman Empire – May 6, 1951 in Istanbul) was a Turkish Brigadier General of the Army (Türk Kara Kuvvetleri).
Kıvılcım completed his training as an officer at the Army School (Kara Harp Okulu) after completing school, which he completed in 1895 as a lieutenant (Teğmen). He then found use in infantry units and completed training at the Army Academy (Kara Harp Akademisi) in 1898, which he completed as Chief of Staff (Kurmay Yüzbaşı). Subsequently, he was deployed in numerous units of the army.
After the War of Liberation, he was promoted to Brigadier General (Tuğgeneral) in 1924 and initially commanded the 9th Division before becoming Head of the Directorate General for Cartography (Harita Genel Müdürlüğü) on July 26, 1926 and held this post until September 2, 1928. He was then a member of the Supreme Military Appeal Court (Yüksek Askerî Temyiz) and later commander of the 23rd division. On September 28, 1931 he was put into early retirement at his own request.
Nicknamed Kivilcim - Lightning, by Atatürk due to the speed of passing messages.
After his death, Kıvılcım was buried in the Edirnekapı Cemetery (Edirnekapı Mezarlığı) of Istanbul.
# Roslee Daud

Roslee bin Daud is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteris Besar Ahmad Said and Ahmad Razif Abdul Rahman from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN state administration in May 2018 and Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Besi from May 2013 to August 2023. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

## Election results

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2013 | N25 Bukit Besi | Roslee Daud (UMNO) | 6,966 | 60.97% | Roslan Ismail (PAS) | 4,408 | 38.57% | 11,647 | 2,558 | 87.30% |
| 2013 | N25 Bukit Besi | Roslee Daud (UMNO) | 6,966 | 60.97% | Mohd Shamsul Mat Amin (PKR) | 52 | 0.46% | 11,647 | 2,558 | 87.30% |
| 2018 | N25 Bukit Besi | Roslee Daud (UMNO) | 5,770 | 48.16% | Ghazali Sulaiman (PAS) | 5,724 | 47.78% | 12,239 | 46 | 84.40% |
| 2018 | N25 Bukit Besi | Roslee Daud (UMNO) | 5,770 | 48.16% | Mohamad Arif Arifin (PPBM) | 487 | 4.06% | 12,239 | 46 | 84.40% |
# Niall Creedon

Niall Creedon (born 1961) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Cork senior team spanned three seasons from 1987 to 1999.
Born in Cork, Creedon first played competitive Gaelic football at juvenile and underage levels with the Nemo Rangers club before eventually joining the senior team. In a lengthy career he won All-Ireland medals in 1989 and 1994. Creedon also won three Munster medals and three county senior championship medal.
Creedon made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he was selected for the Cork minor team. He enjoyed one championship season with the minor team in 1979 but ended the year as a Munster runner-up. He subsequently joined the Cork under-21 team and won an All-Ireland medal in 1981. Creedon later joined the Cork senior team after being added to the panel in 1987. Over the course of three championship seasons he won two Munster medals as a non-playing substitute. He played his last game for Cork in June 1989.

## Honours
### Nemo Rangers

* All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship (2): 1989, 1994
* Munster Senior Club Football Championship (3): 1987, 1988, 1993
* Cork Senior Football Championship (3): 1987, 1988, 1993

### Cork

* All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (1): 1989
* Munster Senior Football Championship (2): 1987, 1989
* All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1981
# List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in the Philippines

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.
The Philippines ratified the convention on 18 August 2006.

## Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
### Representative List

| Name | Year | No. | Description |
| Hudhud chants of the Ifugao | 2008 | 00015 | Hudhud is a tradition of narrative songs from the Ifugao region of the northern Philippine island of Luzón. |
| Darangen epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao | 2008 | 00159 | Darangen is a Maranao epic poem from the Lake Lanao region of Mindanao |
| Tugging rituals and games + | 2015 | 01080 | |
| Aklan piña handloom weaving | 2023 | 01564 | Piña is a traditional fiber made from the leaves of the pineapple plant. Piña handloom weaving is an age-old tradition of the Aklanon people and Ati people. |

### Good Safeguarding Practices

| Name | Year | No. | Description |
| The School of Living Traditions (SLT) | 2021 | 01739 | The Schools of Living Traditions (SLTs) are education institutions dedicated to indigenous arts, crafts and other traditions. |

### Elements in Need of Urgent Safeguarding

| Name | Year | No. | Description |
| Buklog, thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanen | 2019 | 01495 | Buklog is a thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanon people. |
# Central District (Mirjaveh County)

The Central District of Mirjaveh County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان میرجاوه) is in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Mirjaveh.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, Mirjaveh District was separated from Zahedan County in the establishment of Mirjaveh County, which was divided into three districts and seven rural districts, with Mirjaveh as its capital and only city at the time.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2016 census, the district's population was 13,195 inhabitants in 3,062 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Mirjaveh County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2016 |
| Andeh RD | 3,265 |
| Howmeh RD | 571 |
| Mirjaveh (city) | 9,359 |
| Total | 13,195 |
| RD = Rural District ||
# High School Musical: Makin' the Cut!

High School Musical: Makin' the Cut! is a video game based on the 2006 television movie High School Musical available for the Nintendo DS. It was featured on Disney 365, airing on Disney Channel, hosted by Chester at the time.

## Gameplay

The main game's gameplay is a takeoff of the Japanese rhythm game Osu!.
Songs are sung by cover artists, and not the original artists.
It starts when Sharpay signed up the gang auditioning for a national music competition. They have problems in between (i.e.: Taylor thinking Chad is cheating on her, while Chad was just scared of heights since the other part of the competition would be held at a high altitude).
There are three different types of gameplay: Dance, music, and video making showdowns.

## Songs

* Start of Something New
* Get'cha Head in the Game
* What I've Been Looking For
* What I've Been Looking For (Reprise)
* Stick to the Status Quo
* When There Was Me and You
* Bop to the Top
* Breaking Free
* I Can't Take My Eyes Off of You
* We're All in This Together
* What Time Is It?
* I Don't Dance

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 67/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| GameZone | 7.3/10 |
| IGN | 7.5/10 |
| Jeuxvideo.com | 8/20 |
| NGamer | 40% |
| PALGN | 7/10 |
| Common Sense Media | |
The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.