OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adolf Merckle

Adolf Merckle (18 March 1934 – 5 January 2009) was a German entrepreneur and billionaire. He died by suicide at age 74 due to losses during the financial crisis of 2007–2008. He was at one point the fifth-richest person in Germany with a net worth of $9.2 billion.

## Early life

Merckle was born in Dresden. In 1945, he fled with his family from Sudetenland, a region near the German-Czech border that was inhabited by ethnic Germans and occupied by Adolf Hitler's forces in 1938. His family settled in Blaubeuren, a small town in southern Germany between Stuttgart and Ulm. He was educated as a lawyer.

## Career

In 1967, he took over his family company, Merckle GmbH, with just 80 employees.
In 1973, he founded Germany's first generic drug manufacturer, Ratiopharm.
For several decades he also held large stakes in cement company HeidelbergCement as well as vehicle manufacturer Kässbohrer.
At the end of 2008, Merckle’s investment company, VEM Vermögensverwaltung, faced a liquidity shortage. VEM said in a public statement that it had shored up the equity capital of HeidelbergCement to support the acquisition of British cement maker Hanson using loans backed by shares as collateral. Since the market value of the shares slumped more than 75% during the financial crisis of 2007–2008, banks demanded further securities and early redemption on their loans. Merckle made personal guarantees to the banks, also from his private assets. By negotiating with the banks he received a bridge loan to keep VEM afloat. In return he had to agree to sell Ratiopharm and his stake in HeidelbergCement to pay down debt.
Also in 2008, Merckle made a speculative investment based on his belief that Volkswagen shares would fall; however, in October 2008, Porsche SE's support of Volkswagen led to a short squeeze that sent shares on the Xetra stock exchange from €210.85 to over €1,000 in less than two days. It is believed that he lost as much as €500 million.

## Suicide

Merckle killed himself on 5 January 2009 near his villa in Blaubeuren by throwing himself under a speeding train.

## Personal life

Merckle lived in Blaubeuren with his wife and four children, three sons and one daughter. His passions were mountain climbing and skiing.
# Palapa-C2

Palapa-C2 was an Indonesian communications satellite which reached its target orbit on 16 May 1996. It was built by Hughes Space and Communications Company (now Boeing Satellite Development Center) for Indonesian telecommunications provider PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia (SATELINDO). It was based on the HS-601 satellite bus and had 30 C-band transponders and 4 Ku-band transponders. It was due to be located in geosynchronous orbit at 113° East above the equator. It operated for more than 20 years, more than five years past the designed life time of 15 years, making it the longest operation among the Indonesian fleet of communications satellites.

## Satellite description

PT Satelit Palapa Indonesia (SATELINDO) chose Hughes in April 1993, together with identical sister satellite, the Palapa-C1. It is a HS-601 satellite bus. Construction was done at El Segundo, California. Hughes also set up the new master control station at Daan Mogot City near Jakarta. The R-4D-11-300 liquid apogee engine of the satellite then raised it to geostationary orbit.
First Digital service was entered by RCTI, ANTV, Indosiar, TPI and other was used MPEG-2 into the Palapa C-2 from 1998 until 2009 moved to Palapa D and then Telkom-4 at 2020.
Indosat TV Link or Satelindo transponder at 4080 H turned on at 2000 to provide any TV station (including MetroTV until 2023 and Global TV until 2010).

## Launch

Palapa-C2 was launched along with Amos-1 by an Ariane 44L H10-3 launch vehicle on 16 May 1996 at 01:56:29 UTC. The satellites were launched from Centre Spatial Guyanais at Kourou in French Guiana. Launch was insured for over US$200 million.

## PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara

Six transponders were owned by PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara.

## Palapa-E

PT Indosat Tbk selected in May 2013 Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) (now Northrop Grumman) to build and launch the Palapa-E satellite. Palapa-E was meant to replace the Palapa-C2 satellite. Palapa-E was supposed to be based on Orbital's GEOStar-2 satellite bus. Indosat cancelled contract to build Palapa-E after losing the operating rights to the 150.5° East orbital position to state-owned Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI).
# Habab ibn Mundhir

Al-Ḥubāb ibn al-Mundhir ibn Zayd (Arabic: الحباب بن المنذر بن زيد) was one of the prominent Sahaba and Ansar from the Khazraj tribe.
   "O the Messenger of Allah, has Allah inspired you to choose this very spot, so we cannot go onward or backward? Or is it the stratagem of war and the product of consultation?" The Prophet replied, "it is the stratagem of war and the product of consultation." Al-Hubab said: "This place is no good, let us go and encamp on the nearest water to seize the water-supply, and build a basin full of water, then destroy all the other wells, then we fight the people, so that they will be deprived of the water." The Prophet said: "You have given the exact advice." The Prophet approved of his plan and agreed to carry it out.".
He was said to commonly write and recite poetry and was married to Zainab bint Saifi ibn Sakhr al-Khazrajiyah, with whom he had at least two children Khashram and Umm Jamil.
Immediately before the Battle of Badr, Hubab saw Prophet Muhammad dismount at the first well and asked him whether this location was divinely ordained or just the strategy of his human mind - and Prophet Muhammad answered it was the latter. Habab then suggested he knew of a better plan, and suggested they move further toward the enemy, make a reservoir of water from the next well and then fill it with sand - leaving the Muslim army able to withdraw to their trough for refreshment but the Quraish finding themselves unable to reach the water. That Prophet Muhammad was able to recognize Hubab's idea as a preferable strategy is considered an admirable trait on behalf of the former.
He participated in the Battle of Uhud wherein he was sent out as a scout to spy on the enemy positions, and again offered his advice in the Battle of Khaybar. Habab advised encamping between the two fortresses to hinder their communication with each other at the time of the Invasion of Banu Qurayza.
He participated in the meeting at Thaqifa during the Succession to Prophet Muhammad.
# List of California State University radio stations

The following is a list of California State University online and FCC-licensed radio stations.
* Coyote Radio (California State University – San Bernardino) student-run online radio station
* Dolphin Radio (California State University – Channel Islands) official student-run online radio station
* KAZU (California State University – Monterey Bay)
* KCHO (FM) (California State University – Chico)
* KCPK (California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA) FM, then carrier-current AM for dorms in late 1960s to 1970s.
* KCPP (California Poly University – Pomona) online radio station student club
* KCR (San Diego State University)
* KCPR (Cal Poly at San Luis Obispo)
* KCSN (California State University – Northridge)
* KCSS (California State University Stanislaus)
* KFSR (California State University – Fresno)
* KKJZ (California State University – Long Beach)
** K-Beach Radio (California State University – Long Beach) Student Union run, online radio station
** 22 West Radio (California State University – Long Beach) Student Union run, online radio station
* KHSM (Cal Poly Humboldt)
* KHSQ (Cal Poly Humboldt)
* KHSU (Cal Poly Humboldt)
* KPBS-FM (San Diego State University)
* KRFH-LP (Cal Poly Humboldt)
* KSFS (San Francisco State University)
* KSJS (San Jose State University)
* KSSU (AM) (California State University – Sacramento)
* KXJZ (California State University – Sacramento)
* KXPR (California State University – Sacramento)
* KUOP (California State University – Sacramento)
# Hottot-les-Bagues

Hottot-les-Bagues (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department and Normandy region of north-western France.

## Geography

Hottot-les-Bagues lies 14 kilometres south-east of Bayeux.

## History

The fiefdom of Normandy was created for the Viking leader Rollo. Many of the remaining place names are of Norse origin. Hottot is believed to have taken its name from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound or low hill.
During World War II, the Allied offensive in north-western Europe began with the Normandy landings of 6 June 1944. Within the surrounding district, there was much heavy fighting through June and July 1944 as Commonwealth forces tried to press on from Bayeux in an encircling movement to the south of Caen.

## Military cemetery

Hottot-les-Bagues military cemetery contains some 1,137 graves belonging to 965 British soldiers, 34 Canadians, 3 Australians, 2 New Zealanders and 1 South African, together with 132 German soldiers. Most of the war dead lost their lives in the second fortnight of June 1944, in the furious fighting around Tilly-sur-Seulles. The cemetery can be reached from Bayeux by taking the D6 southeast. After passing through Tilly-sur-Seulles, turn westward at Juvigny onto the main road (the D9) that runs from Caen towards Caumont l'Evente.
# Uppal Assembly constituency

Uppal Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of 14 constituencies in Ranga Reddy district part of Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency. It is also one of the 24 constituencies of GHMC.
Bandari Lakshma Reddy is the current MLA from this constituency.

## Overview

The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following localities.
* Mandal/Ward No
* Uppal
* Kapra

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Duration | Member | Political party |
| 2009-14 | Bandari Raji Reddy | Indian National Congress |
| 2014-18 | N. V. S. S. Prabhakar | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018-23 | Bethi Subhas Reddy | Telangana Rashtra Samithi |
| 2023- | Bandari Lakshma Reddy | Bharat Rashtra Samithi |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election: Uppal :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BRS | Bandari Lakshma Reddy | 132,927 | 48.33 |
| | INC | M. Parmeshwar Reddy | 83,897 | 30.51 |
| | BJP | N. V. S. S. Prabhakar | 47,332 | 17.21 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,536 | 0.92 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 49,030 | 17.82 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,75,085 | 51.94 |
| | BRS hold | BRS hold | Swing | |

### 2018

2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election: Uppal :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | TRS | Bethi Subhas Reddy | 117,442 | 51.53% | +21.8 |
| | TDP | Tulla Veerender Goud | 69,274 | 30.40% | new |
| | BJP | N. V. S. S. Prabhakar | 26,798 | 11.19% | −24.9 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,712 | 1.19 % | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 48,168 | 21.4% | +15.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,27,899 | 51.65% | −0.7 |
| | TRS gain from BJP | TRS gain from BJP | Swing | | |

### 2014

2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election: Uppal :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | N. V. S. S. Prabhakar | 82,395 | 36.8% |
| | TRS | Bethi Subhas Reddy | 68,226 | 30.4% |
| | INC | Bandari Lakshma Reddy | 34,331 | 15.3% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,169 | 6.3% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,25,935 | 49.7% |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |

### 2009

2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Uppal :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Bandari Raji Reddy | 57,874 | 37.7% | |
| | TRS | M. Yadagiri Reddy | 29,691 | 19.34% | |
| | PRP | Amirishetty Narender | 25,634 | 16.7% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 28,183 | 18.36% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,53,500 | 42.39% | |
| | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) |
# Girl in Saskatoon

"Girl in Saskatoon" is a song co-written by Johnny Cash with Johnny Horton and originally recorded by Cash for Columbia.
It was released as a single (Columbia 4-41920, with "Locomotive Man" on the opposite side). in December 1960, the same month Sun Records released "Oh, Lonesome Me" / "Life Goes On" (Sun 355).
U.S. Billboard picked the song "Girl in Saskatoon" as one of the "Spotlight winners of the week", giving it four stars that corresponded to a "very strong sales potential". The review called the song "another fine folkish effort by Cash" and continued:
   It has the quality of one of those old Robert Service poems about the Far North. Solid chanting and it can go.
Nevertheless, the song didn't chart on Billboard at all:
   A couple of weeks after Horton's death, Cash and crew recorded "Girl in Saskatoon," a song co-written by Cash and Horton. Both that song and another recorded at the session, “Locomotive Man,” were released as singles. Although promoted heavily by Columbia, neither entered the charts, but songs from his Sun days continued to do so.
On the Cash Box country singles chart, "Girl in Saskatoon" reached number 25 during its nine weeks stay.
Later the song was included on Johnny Cash's albums "Heart of Cash" (1968) & "More of Old Golden Throat" (1969).

## Background

   By the time Cash returned to the road on March 4[, 1960,] in Winnipeg, he had a song idea, albeit a slim one—a story about a guy longing to get home to the girl of his dreams in Saskatoon, somewhat the reverse of "Ballad of a Teenage Queen." He figured he needed to get back on the pop charts, and "The Girl in Saskatoon," which he cowrote with Horton, was certainly closer to a teen pop song than anything he had recorded since leaving Sun.
John M. Alexander writes in his book The Man in Song: A Discographic Biography of Johnny Cash:
   "Girl in Saskatoon" is another exceptional collaboration between Cash and Horton. It's unfortunate that it did not find a wider audience. It was originally released as a single in 1960, but failed to chart. It's a breezy retro ballad wherein the singer follows the girl he's in love with all the way to Saskatoon, Canada, where he ultimately finds her and weds her. And, despite the cold temperatures, he "found eternal spring with the girl in Saskatoon." An interesting side note is that while performing in Saskatoon in 1961, Cash selected a girl from the audience named Alexandra Wiwcharuk to sing the song to. She was a local beauty queen who dreamed of becoming a stewardess. Tragically, a few months later, the young woman was found murdered on the banks of the [South] Saskatchewan River. The story goes that once Cash heard this news he never sang the song again.
# I'm On

"I'm On" is a song by American rapper Trae tha Truth featuring fellow American rappers Wiz Khalifa, Lupe Fiasco, Big Boi, & Wale and American singer Poo Bear, also known as MDMA. The song was released as a digital download on December 6, 2011. "I'm On" originally appeared on Trae's album Street King, only featuring Lupe Fiasco, Big Boi, Wale and MDMA. The song was later released as a single adding Wiz Khalifa on December 6, 2011. On February 3, 2012, a remix entitled "I'm On 2.0" was released, replacing the featured artists with British singer Mark Morrison and American rappers Big K.R.I.T., Jadakiss, J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, B.o.B, Tyga, Gudda Gudda, and Bun B.

## Music video

A music video of the song was shot by Philly Fly Boy in Houston, Texas. It premiered on YouTube on January 9, 2012.

## I'm On 2.0

A remix of the song leaked on the internet on February 3, 2012. The song features an updated but similar instrumentals. It features artists Big K.R.I.T., Mark Morrison, Jadakiss, J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, B.o.B, Tyga, Gudda Gudda and Bun B. The remix samples the song "Return of the Mack" by Mark Morrison. A video was released in May 2012 for the remix. It featured cameos from many rappers including T.I., Wiz Khalifa, Juelz Santana, Ludacris, Meek Mill, Future, Ace Hood, DJ Drama, Gucci Mane, Shawty Lo, Wale, Paul Wall, Z-Ro, Styles P, Cee-Lo Green, Iggy Azalea, 2 Chainz and many others. The record was cited by media as one of the biggest collaborations ever, and the biggest rap video of 2012. MTV's RapFix announced that the video was MTV's Jam of the Week on the week it was released.

## I'm On 3.0

I'm On 3.0 was released on June 23, 2017 and featured T.I., Dave East, Tee Grizzley, Royce da 5'9", Curren$Y, Dram, Snoop Dogg, Fabolous, Rick Ross, Chamillionaire, G-Eazy, Styles P, E-40, Mark Morrison & Gary Clark Jr. A music video was released in January 2019.
# Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer

Sainte-Croix-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: , literally Sainte-Croix on Sea) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# I Want You (Common song)

"I Want You" is a single from Common's album Finding Forever. It is produced by will.i.am, and has samples from Minnie Riperton's "Baby, This Love I Have", and Bob James' version of "Feel Like Makin' Love" which was written by Eugene McDaniels. It peaked at #112 in the US Bubbling Under chart and serviced to radio.

## Track listing

UK CD:
* "I Want You"
* "Drivin' Me Wild" (featuring Lily Allen) (live)
* "I Used to Love H.E.R." (live)
* "Break My Heart" (live)
* Live tracks courtesy of Nissan Live sets on Yahoo Music, 2007.

## Music video

The video was directed by Sanji and actress Kerry Washington, who also co-starred in the video. It features Kanye West (who was the executive producer of the album), Derek Luke, Serena Williams and Alicia Keys.
The music video premiered on the internet on October 23, 2007. The video can be watched on Common's official website.

## Personnel

* Produced by will.i.am
* Recorded by will.i.am and Padriac Kerin at Record Plant
* Mixed by Dylan Dresdow at Chalice Studio in Los Angeles
* Chorus vocals by will.i.am
* Background vocals by Rhea Williams
* Keys and synth by Omar Edwards
# Blanche J. Lawrence

Blanche J. Lawrence (June 18, 1920 – February 9, 1989) was an African American biochemist who originally began work as a research assistant in the Health Division of the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory during the Manhattan Project. After WWII, Lawrence continued her career at the Argonne National Laboratory and became a junior biochemist after four years in 1949. During this time, Lawrence was publicized in an edition of Ebony Magazine featuring "Atom Scientists".
She graduated from Tuskegee University and was married to Captain Erwin Lawrence, a 99th Pursuit Squadron pilot who was killed during WWII. While attending Tuskegee University, Lawrence joined the Creative Dance Group as well as the Physical Education Club.

## Selected publication

* Norris, W.P. and Lawrence, Blanche J. "Determination of Calcium in Biological Materials." Analytical Chemistry, vol. 25, no.6, 1953, pp.956-960., doi: 10.1021/ac60078a031.
# Filippo Grandi

Filippo Grandi (born 30 March 1957) is an Italian diplomat and United Nations official, currently serving as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He previously served as Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and United Nations Deputy Special Representative for Afghanistan. He received the Olympic Laureate award during the Paris 2024 Olympics Opening Ceremony.

## Education

Grandi graduated with a degree in modern history from the University of Milan in 1981, and with a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the Gregorian University in Rome in 1987.

## Career

Grandi started his career in the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1988, and has served in a variety of countries, including Sudan, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq after the first Gulf War. He also headed a number of emergency operations including in Kenya, Benin, Ghana, Liberia, the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa, Yemen and Afghanistan. Between 1996 and 1997, he was Field Coordinator for UNHCR and United Nations humanitarian activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo during the civil war. From 1997 to 2001, he worked in the Executive Office of the UNHCR in Geneva, as Special Assistant and then Chief of Staff. From 2001 to 2004, he served as the UNHCR's Chief of Mission.
Grandi then moved to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) in 2004, where he served as Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General responsible for political affairs from 2004 to 2005. In 2005 he moved to UNRWA, first as Deputy Commissioner-General and then from 2010 as Commissioner-General until 29 March 2014.
On 11 November 2015 UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced his intention to appoint Grandi as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to take office in 2016. On 23 November 2020, the United Nations General Assembly re-elected Grandi for an additional 2.5 year mandate as High Commissioner for Refugees.
Since 2019, Grandi has been a member of the World Economic Forum High-Level Group on Humanitarian Investing, co-chaired by Børge Brende, Kristalina Georgieva and Peter Maurer.
During the 2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, Grandi was presented with an Olympic Laurel, the third person to be honored, for his work in helping refugee athletes.

## Other activities

* Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Ex-Officio Member of the Committee of Cosponsoring Organizations (since 2016)
* International Gender Champions (IGC), Member
* Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA), Member of the Strategic Committee
* World Economic Forum (WEF), Member of the Global Future Council on the Future of the Humanitarian System
# All American Airways

All American Airways may refer to:
* All American Aviation Company, a local service carrier, later known as All American Airways, Allegheny Airlines, US Air and ultimately US Airways
* Saturn Airways, originally All American Airways, a supplemental air carrier which merged into Trans International Airlines in 1976
# Chase Carter

Chase Carter (born June 10, 1997) is a Bahamian model. She has been on the cover of Maxim magazine.

## Early life

Carter was born to Mark and Denise Carter.
Her grandfather is Sir Charles Carter, a radio broadcaster and former Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister.

## Career

Carter was scouted at the Sydney Airport when she was 13. She was a rookie in the 2018 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. She has modeled for Pink (Victoria's Secret), and also for Polo Ralph Lauren, Maybelline, Philipp Plein, and has also appeared in V and Galore magazines.

## Personal life

Carter has a sister named Tess and a brother.
Between 2018 and 2019, Carter dated Major League Baseball player Giancarlo Stanton.
On July 13, 2021, she announced she and New York Yankees first baseman-outfielder Cody Bellinger were expecting a child together, a girl. Their daughter was born in November 2021. Carter and Bellinger had a second daughter in April 2023. They married in December, 2023.