OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polygonatum multiflorum

Polygonatum multiflorum, the Solomon's seal, David's harp, ladder-to-heaven or Eurasian Solomon's seal, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Europe and temperate Asia. In Britain it is one of three native species of the genus, the others being P. odoratum and P. verticillatum.
It is a rhizomatous perennial growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 25 cm (10 in) broad, with arching stems of alternate leaves, and slightly necked, pendent tubular white flowers with green tips, hanging from the undersides of the stems. It is valued in cultivation for its ability to colonise shady areas, and is suitable for a woodland style planting.
The shoots of Polygonatum multiflorum look very attractive, so they are suitable for use in floral arrangements. The longevity of cut shoots of Polygonatum multiflorum ‘Variegatum’ harvested from the field ranges from 15 to 22 days. To extend the life of cut shoots, gibberellic acid, benzyladenine (BA) and hydroxyquinoline sulphate are used. They prolong postharvest longevity mainly by delaying leaf yellowing.
The specific epithet multiflorum means "many-flowered".
The hybrid Polygonatum × hybridum (P. multiflorum × P. odoratum) has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Dave Lloyd (American football)

David Allen Lloyd (November 9, 1936 – August 9, 2014) was an American professional football player. He played linebacker for the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, and Philadelphia Eagles in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Georgia and was selected in the fourth round of the 1959 NFL draft.
He played collegiately during his freshman year for Texas Tech before transferring to Georgia. He attended high school at Gladewater High School and Darlington School before graduating from Staunton Military Academy.
Lloyd was obtained by the Lions as part of the 1962 trade that brought the team quarterback Milt Plum and running back Tom Watkins.
He went to one Pro Bowl during his 12-year career. Lloyd owned a construction company in Texas after retiring from football. He died at the age of 77 at his home on August 9, 2014.
# Allaippiddi

Allaippiddi or Allaipiddy (Tamil: அல்லைப்பிட்டி, Sinhala: අලපිටිය Alapitiya) is a village on Velanai Island off the coast of the Jaffna peninsula within Sri Lanka's Northern Province.

## Geography

Allaipiddy is strategically located on the causeway from Jaffna towards islets of Velanai and Kayts through Pannai bridge. After Mandaitivu, past the abandoned aluminium factory, lies a large Sri Lanka Navy garrison, 500 meters (1,600 ft) from Allaipiddy.

## Demography

Most residents of the village are Sri Lankan Tamils and the majority are Roman Catholics. In May 2006, the population was estimated to be around 800. At least 150 residents fled the village after the Allaipiddy massacre of May 13, 2006.

## Personalities

* Antonythasan Jesuthasan, author and actor, was born in Allaipiddy.
# Commutativity of conjunction

In propositional logic, the commutativity of conjunction is a valid argument form and truth-functional tautology. It is considered to be a law of classical logic. It is the principle that the conjuncts of a logical conjunction may switch places with each other, while preserving the truth-value of the resulting proposition.

## Formal notation

Commutativity of conjunction can be expressed in sequent notation as:
    $(P\land Q)\vdash (Q\land P)$
and
    $(Q\land P)\vdash (P\land Q)$
where $\vdash$ is a metalogical symbol meaning that $(Q\land P)$ is a syntactic consequence of $(P\land Q)$, in the one case, and $(P\land Q)$ is a syntactic consequence of $(Q\land P)$ in the other, in some logical system;
or in rule form:
    ${\frac {P\land Q}{\therefore Q\land P}}$
and
    ${\frac {Q\land P}{\therefore P\land Q}}$
where the rule is that wherever an instance of "$(P\land Q)$" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with "$(Q\land P)$" and wherever an instance of "$(Q\land P)$" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with "$(P\land Q)$";
or as the statement of a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic:
    $(P\land Q)\to (Q\land P)$
and
    $(Q\land P)\to (P\land Q)$
where $P$ and $Q$ are propositions expressed in some formal system.

## Generalized principle

For any propositions H$_1$, H$_2$, ... H$_n$, and permutation σ(n) of the numbers 1 through n, it is the case that:
    H$_1$ $\land$ H$_2$ $\land$ ... $\land$ H$_n$
is equivalent to
    H$_{σ(1)}$ $\land$ H$_{σ(2)}$ $\land$ H$_{σ(n)}$.
For example, if H$_1$ is
    It is raining
H$_2$ is
    Socrates is mortal
and H$_3$ is
    2+2=4
then
It is raining and Socrates is mortal and 2+2=4
is equivalent to
Socrates is mortal and 2+2=4 and it is raining
and the other orderings of the predicates.
# Davis Young Paschall

Davis Young Paschall (October 2, 1911 – October 25, 2001) was the twenty second president of the College of William & Mary, serving from 1960 to 1971. Prior to that, he served as Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1957 to 1960, during the state-decreed period of Massive Resistance. During his superintendency public schools in the state were closed by gubernatorial and legislative fiat and subsequently, Dr. Paschall took steps to reopen those schools during the federal requirements. His papers from his time as president of the College of William & Mary can be found in the Special Collections Research Center at the College of William & Mary.

## Death

On the 25 October 2001, 23 days after his 90th birthday, Paschall died from natural causes.
# Longlife

Longlife (Longlife - Sustainable, energy efficient residential buildings in regard to European requirements and innovative technologies in the Baltic Sea Region) is a transnational project in the Baltic Region. It is funded through the EU programme Baltic Sea Region 2007-2013. Longlife contributes to the EU Strategy 2020 framework to reduce energy consumption.

## Longlife project

Longlife is developing standards for sustainable, energy efficient building in the Baltic Region and harmonizing the different construction technologies. This includes standards for sustainability, procedures for planning, building permits and tendering and funding in the Baltic Region. One of the goals is to make the Baltic Region more competitive.
In the Longlife project partners from Denmark, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Germany are working together. Lead Partner is the TU Berlin, Institute of Architecture, Chair of Design and Structure, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Rückert. The developed standards and benchmarks are minimum requirements for sustainable buildings. Considerations are made concerning the ecological, economic and social aspects in the life cycle of a building. The design process is supported by the Longlife prototype, a catalogue of materials, components and key technologies for energy efficiency and renewable energy sources that meet the minimum requirements of Longlife, e.g. the final energy consumption of 40kWh / m² year.
Longlife will demonstrate with Pilot projects that an extra effort in the integrated planning in order to minimize energy consumption and operating costs of a building life cycle is worthwhile.
At the end of the planning process, the building will be certified with the Longlife Performance Pass. This performance pass includes measurable data from the building in the fields of energy, costs and qualities. The practical solutions and innovative technologies are also applicable to other building types. Together with seven other projects Longlife will develop in 2012 a compendium which shows the potential and synergy of an energy cluster.
As a continuation of the project's work, the Longlife Institute e.V. was founded in September 2011.
# KEPC

KEPC (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, the station serves the Colorado Springs area, broadcasting a Public Radio Album Adult Alternative format. The station simulcasts KVOQ (FM) out of Denver, and is owned Pikes Peak State College and operated by Colorado Public Radio.

## History

The station originally signed on at 90.5 in 1957 as KSHS which was owned by Colorado Springs School District 11 and operated out of the Colorado Springs High School which would soon change its name to Palmer High School after a second high school in the city was completed. The KSHS calls were given in honor of Palmer High's original name. In the early 1970s KSHS was acquired by El Paso Community College which changed its call letters to KEPC which is based on the name of EPCC and/or El Paso County. EPCC would move KEPC first to its then main offices on West Las Vegas in the early 1970s before moving to a building on Bott Ave in the mid-1970s near its then main campus. By 1978, EPCC would move KEPC to its then brand new Centennial Campus south of Colorado Springs neighboring Fort Carson. EPCC would also be renamed Pikes Peak Community College (and in 2022 became Pikes Peak State College). In 1991 KEPC switched frequencies with Christian formatted KTLF and began broadcasting on 89.7 FM. In the late 1990s KEPC would sign on two translators. One in Manitou Springs at 89.1 FM and in Pueblo at 93.1 FM.
In November 2021, it was announced that Pikes Peak Community College would swap frequencies once again. This time with Colorado Public Radio (licensed as Public Broadcasting of Colorado, Inc.). CPR would operate KEPC and its translator in Pueblo, while PPCC would operate KXRE AM 1490 along with its local FM translators at 102.1 FM and 89.1 FM.

## Translator

In addition to the main station, KEPC is relayed by a translator in Pueblo to widen its broadcast area.
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP (W) | Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info |
| K227DI | 93.3 FM | Pueblo, Colorado | 85384 | 41 | D | 38°22′21″N 104°33′38″W﻿ / ﻿38.37250°N 104.56056°W﻿ / 38.37250; -104.56056﻿ (K228EY) | LMS |
# Ksenia Garanina

Ksenia Sergeevna Garanina (Russian: Ксения Гаранина, Armenian: Կսենիա Գարանինա; born 17 April 1997) is a footballer who plays as a forward for Shirak-Homenmen. Born in Russia, she represents the Armenia women's national team.

## International career

Garanina capped for Armenia at senior level in a 1–1 friendly draw against Lithuania on 6 March 2020.
# Felix Kadlinský

Felix Kadlinský (18 October 1613 in Horšovský Týn – 13 November 1675 in Uherské Hradiště) was a Jesuit, Baroque author and translator into Czech.
In 1635 he joined the Jesuit Order and became a teacher of studia humaniora at the Jesuit college in Jitschin (Jičín) in East Bohemia. From 1639 he was rector for 11 years of the college in Ungarisch-Hradischt (Uherské Hradiště) in Moravia. He produced translations and paraphrases of spiritual works, especially those of the German Jesuit Friedrich Spee, which glorify an idyllic peaceful world, presumably in reaction to the horrors he experienced during the Thirty Years' War.

## Selected publications
### Translations in prose

* Zdoroslavíček v kratochvilném hájíčku postavený – paraphrases of the song collection Trutznachtigall ("Rivalling the Nightingale") by Friedrich Spee, his most significant work, containing religious songs and songs glorifying nature
* Zrcadlo bolestné Matky Boží Panny Marie ("Mirror of the suffering Mother of God the Virgin Mary"
* Život a sláva svatého Václava ("Life and fame of Saint Wenceslas")
* Život svaté Ludmily ("Life of Saint Ludmila") (ascribed to Kadlinský)
* Pokladnice duchovní ("Spiritual Treasure-chest") – meditation and observations on withstanding life
* Numerous church texts, partly from the works of Friedrich Spee
* Glaube, Hoffnung, Liebe ("Belief, Hope, Love"), 1662, after Friedrich Spee
# Solidarity of Women of Ukraine

Solidarity of Women of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Солідарність жінок України, romanized: Solidarnist zhinok Ukrainy) is a Ukrainian political party that was registered on 23 December 1999.
The party was created in base of the public organization "All-Ukrainian Female Union Solidarity" that existed since 1994. Solidarity of Women of Ukraine participated in parliamentary elections for the first time in 2002, but did not win any seats. In 2004 it supported Viktor Yanukovych as a presidential candidate. In 2006 the party participated in the electoral bloc "Yevhen Marchuk - Unity" which won 0.06% and Solidarity of Women of Ukraine did not receive any representation in parliament.
In 2014 Solidarity received 0.66% on the party list voting and did not win any constituencies.
In the 2015 Ukrainian local elections several candidates of the party ran for local councils. For the party Marina Petrosyanc took part in the mid-term election held in single-member district 51 in 2016. But this election was won by Ruslan Bogdan for Batkivshchyna. From then to 2024 the party did not take part in any election.
# The Hat

The Hat is a Southern California fast-food restaurant chain specializing in pastrami dip sandwiches. This eatery, once local only to the San Gabriel Valley, has been offering its "World Famous Pastrami" to Southern California residents since 1951. Its customers consume 13 to 15 tons of pastrami per week.

## History

The original Hat Restaurant was located at the intersection of 3rd Street and Ford Boulevard in Boyle Heights (now known as East Los Angeles). The original location is now a King Taco. The second store was located at Garfield & Valley in Alhambra. This store has been often represented as the original location but it is not. Although the 3 window design is the same as the original. The Hat has been serving World Famous pastrami dip sandwiches since 1951. The current company has kept to its roots by keeping its retro neon signs featuring a chef’s toque and the words "World Famous Pastrami”.

## Menu

The pastrami dip sandwich is the restaurant's signature item. It comes on a French roll with mustard and pickle. The restaurant also serves burgers, dogs, sandwiches, onion rings, fries and chili cheese fries. The Hat may have been one of the first places to feature the pastrami burger. The Hat offers no table service, so all of the items are wrapped to go, but paper plates are given to customers who wish to "dine in."

## Locations

There are 11 locations around Los Angeles, Riverside, Orange, Ventura, and San Bernardino counties.

## Gallery

* Menu of The Hat in Lake Forest, CA as of April 2022.
# KETQ-LP

KETQ-LP (93.3 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Yuba City, California. The station's broadcast license was issued in February 2015.

## Programming

KETQ-LP broadcasts a community radio format including a mix of 1980's, 1990's and today's music, plus local community events. The station is the home of Captain, Gary and John in the morning in which they interview local business owners, civic organizers, community leaders, and everyday people who are making a difference in the lives of this community. 93Q is also an outlet for local sports. The station brought local high school baseball back to the radio in 2015. The station is heard live on the internet via Tune-In - look for KETQ or ask your Alexa, "Play KETQ".
Air Staff
* Morning Show - 6 to 9 AM Captain, Gary and John Black
* Drive Home Show - The Drive Home Guy 4 to 6 PM
* Weather - Kurt Baird
* Other Great Guys and Gals - The Fish / Ali / Cami Oh & Randy Warner / Stephanie / Danny Taylor

## History

This station received its original construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission on August 20, 2014. The new station was assigned the KETQ-LP call sign by the FCC on December 16, 2014. KETQ-LP received its license to cover from the FCC on February 9, 2015.
# Poveiro (boat)

The Poveiro is a type of fishing vessel that was used for coastal and deep sea fishing from the Douro river in Northern Portugal to Galicia. It was use by the fishermen of Póvoa de Varzim and related communities in Northern Portugal.
It is characterized by a wide flat-bottom, curved stem and a deep helm. There were diverse boats with different sizes, uses and shapes, including catraia pequena, catraia grande, caíco and the most notable of which, the Lancha Poveira.
The Lancha Poveira or Lancha Poveira do Alto was a large ship adapted to deep waters and used for hake-fishing. The largest of which had twelve oars, usually four to seven oars, and could carry 2 to 32 men. Each boat carried carvings, namely a sigla poveira mark for individual boat identification and magical-religious protection at sea. The Lancha Poveira was considered by Lixa Filgueiras and Raul Brandão to be descendant from the Viking longboats, keeping all the longboat features but without a long stern and bow. The ship carried one mast with a lateen sail for better maneuvering.
The ancient shipbuilding knowledge preserved in Poveiro boats was, most possibly, due to the endogamy practiced in Póvoa de Varzim fisher community which protected several cultural traits specific of the town. Poveiro boats were widespread until the mid-20th century, and its use spread to Brazil, Angola and Mozambique and even Galicia were Povoan fishing colonies were established. Since the middle of the 20th century, modern technology and, especially, the use of trawlers dramatically reduced the number of Povoan boats.
# Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd

Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd [1961] UKHL 4, [1962] AC 446 is a leading House of Lords case on privity of contract. It was a test case in which it was sought to establish a basis upon which stevedores could claim the protection of exceptions and limitations contained in a bill of lading contract to which they were not party. The Court outlined an exception to the privity rule, known as the Lord Reid test, through agency as it applies to sub-contractors and employees seeking protection in their employers' contract.

## Facts

Scruttons Ltd was shipping a load of crates through a carrier. In the contract between the two parties there was a limitation of liability clause for $500 (£179) per box. The goods were damaged in transit due to the negligence of the stevedores. The stevedores were under contract with the shipping company which contained an exclusion clause. Midland were unaware of the relationship between the carriers and the stevedores.

## Judgment

At first blush, it was clear to the Court that the stevedores could not be exempted by the exemption clause as there was no privity of contract. The Court looked at whether there was a bailment relationship but found none. The case turned on the application of the Elder, Dempster case which suggested that privity could be circumvented. Lord Reid proposed that the stevedores could be covered under the contractual clause through agency if certain pre-conditions were satisfied.
   I can see a possibility of success of the agency argument if (first) the bill of lading makes it clear that the stevedore is intended to be protected by the provisions in it which limit liability, (secondly) the bill of lading makes it clear that the carrier, in addition to contracting for these provisions on his own behalf, is also contracting as agent for the stevedore that these provisions should apply to the stevedore, (thirdly) the carrier has authority from the stevedore to do that, or perhaps later ratification by the stevedore would suffice, and (fourthly) that any difficulties about consideration moving from the stevedore were overcome. And then to affect the consignee it would be necessary to show that the provisions of the Bills of Lading Act 1855 apply.
All of Lord Reid's preconditions were satisfied in the subsequent case of New Zealand Shipping v Satterthwaite (The Eurymedon) [1975] AC 154.
The Scruttons case followed an earlier case with similar reasoning, Adler v Dickson (The Himalaya).

## Significance

With the Scruttons case, the issue of third party rights in a contract was made certain. There had been much speculation on the meaning of Elder, Dempster but it became clear that there was no new rule from that case. This case, among others, resulted in the change of practice in shipping contracts by adding Himalaya clauses to protect third parties.
# Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines competed at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China, from 22 to 30 August 2015.

## Results
### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Kineke Alexander | 200 metres | 23.30 | 34 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Kineke Alexander | 400 metres | 52.24 | 31 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Football 5-a-side at the 2022 Asian Para Games

5-a-side football or blind football was one of the events featured at the 2022 Asian Para Games, which took place at the Gongshu Canal Sports Park Field Hockey Field in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, from 23 to 28 October 2023. Six teams entered.

## Results
### Group stage

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| Iran | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | +8 | 13 | Gold medal match |
| China | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | +9 | 12 | Gold medal match |
| Japan | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 8 | Bronze medal match |
| Thailand | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | +3 | 7 | Bronze medal match |
| India | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 11 | −10 | 3 | |
| Malaysia | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 12 | −12 | 0 | |

### Final round
#### Gold medal match
## Final rankings

| Pos. | Team | Pld | W | D | L | Pts | GF | GA | GD |
| | China (CHN) | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 1 | +9 |
| | Iran (IRI) | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 8 | 0 | +8 |
| | Thailand (THA) | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 4 | +3 |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 2 | +2 |
| Eliminated in the Group Stage ||||||||||
| 5 | India (IND) | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 11 | −10 |
| 6 | Malaysia (MAS) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | −12 |
Source: HAPGOC

## Goalscorers
### 6 goals

* Sadegh Rahimighasr (IRI)

### 5 goals

* Panyawut Kupan (THA)

### 2 goals

* Zhang Jiabin (CHN)
* Li Haifu (CHN)
* Tang Zhihua (CHN)
* Yu Yutan (CHN)
* Taichi Hirabayashi (JPN)
* Kittikorn Baodee (THA)

### 1 goal

* Xu Guansheng (CHN)
* Zhu Ruiming (CHN)
* Morteza Karimiamaleh (IRI)
* Hossein Rajab Pour (IRI)
* Kento Torii (JPN)
* Singh Sovendra (IND)
Source: HAPGOC Archived 2023-10-28 at the Wayback Machine

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's team | China (CHN) Wu Limin Tang Zhihua Liu Meng Zhang Jiabin Yu Yutan Li Haifu Xu Guansheng Zhong Liang Zhu Ruiming Xu Huachu | Iran (IRI) Shirkouhi Morteza Ramezani Mohammadamin Rahimzadeharab Alireza Bakht Alireza Izadi Nashtifani Kambiz Mohkam Hossein Rajab Pour Morteza Karimiamaleh Sadegh Rahimighasr Ahmadreza Shahhosseiniardekani Seyedsaeed Mousavipirmoradi | Thailand (THA) Ponchai Kasikonudompaisan Satayu Wannit Bancha Munphet Panyawut Kupan Somchai Magong Prakrong Buayai Ronnarod Phuna Phichitchai Somboonsak Kittikorn Baodee Sanan Phetkrachangsuk |
Source: HAPGOC Archived 2023-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
# Cyathocalyx zeylanicus

Cyathocalyx zeylanicus is a plant species within the genus Cyathocalyx of the family Annonaceae. It is endemic to Western Ghats and Sri Lanka.
# Athletics at the 1930 British Empire Games – Men's long jump

The men's long jump event at the 1930 British Empire Games was held on 23 August at the Civic Stadium in Hamilton, Canada.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Len Hutton | Canada | 23 ft 7+1⁄2 in (7.20 m) |
| | Reg Revans | England | 22 ft 6 in (6.86 m) |
| | Johannes Viljoen | South Africa | 22 ft 6 in (6.86 m) |
| 4 | Chester Smith | Canada | 22 ft 3+1⁄2 in (6.79 m) |
| 5 | Gordon Smallacombe | Canada | 21 ft 8+1⁄4 in (6.61 m) |
| 6 | Horace Cohen | England | ?.?? |
| 7 | Francis Foley | England | ?.?? |