OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albania (disambiguation)

Albania is a country on the Balkan Peninsula in south-eastern Europe.
Albania may also refer to:

## Places

* Albania (placename)

### Territories related to present-day Albania

* Kingdom of Albania (medieval), Albanian-Angevin kingdom established in 1272
* Venetian Albania, Venetian possessions in southern the coastal area of what is now northern Albania and the coast of Montenegro
* Sanjak of Albania, a subdivision of the Rumelia Eyalet of Ottoman Empire in period 1385–1466
* Albanian Vilayet, a vilayet of the Ottoman Empire projected in 1912 in the western Balkan Peninsula
* Independent Albania, former unrecognized country established in 1912 comprising the territories of Kosovo Vilayet, Monastir Vilayet, Shkodër Vilayet and Janina Vilayet
* Republic of Central Albania, a short-lived unrecognized state established on October 16, 1913, with its administrative centre in Durrës, today in Albania
* Principality of Albania, 1913–25, locally called a kingdom
* Albanian Republic, a 1925–28 republic in Albania which was a de facto protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy
* Albanian Kingdom (1928–39), the constitutional monarchical rule in Albania between 1928 and 1939 which was a de facto protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy
* Albanian Kingdom (1939–43), a protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy
* Albanian Kingdom (1943–44), a puppet state of Nazi Germany
* People's Socialist Republic of Albania, the official name of Albania from 1946 until 1992
* Greater Albania, an irredentist concept of Albanian homeland

### Territories not related to present-day Albania

* Caucasian Albania or Arran, a historical territory in the southern Caucasus with borders roughly corresponding to those of modern Azerbaijan
* Albania (satrapy), the same area within the Iranian Sassanid Empire
* Alba, Latinised as Albania, an old Gaelic name for Scotland or Great Britain

### Populated places

* Albania, La Guajira, Colombia
* Albania, Santander, Colombia
* Albania, Caquetá, Colombia
* Arbanum or Albania, an Albanian town and former bishopric

## Other uses

* Albania (periodical), an Albanian publication by Faik Konica 1896–1910
* Albania (album), a 1973 album by Marinella
* "Albania", a Series A episode of the television series QI
# Roberto Toscano

Roberto Toscano (born October 3, 1943) is an Italian diplomat who served as ambassador to India and Iran.

## Biography

Toscano was born in Parma on October 3, 1943, and holds a law degree from the University of Parma and an MA from the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University, which he attended as a Fulbright scholar. Between 1987 and 1988, he was a fellow at the Center for International Affairs of Harvard University.
Toscano was ambassador from Italy to India from 2008 to 2010, after having been for five years, from 2003 to 2008, ambassador from Italy to Iran. From 1999 to 2003, he was head of the Analysis and Planning Unit of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and chaired the OECD Development Assistance Committee network on conflict, peace, and development cooperation. Previously he served, as a career diplomat, in Chile (in 1973 at the time of the Pinochet coup), USSR, Spain, United States and at the Permanent Representation of Italy to the United Nations in Geneva.
With Piero De Masi he is among the main interviewees of the 2018 Nanni Moretti documentary Santiago, Italia, on the activities of the Italian Embassy in Santiago, given the central role played by the two diplomats in harbouring hundreds of Augusto Pinochet opposers, helping them seek refuge in Italy.
He has published several books on international affairs and from 2000 to 2003, he was visiting professor in international relations at LUISS University.
From 2013 to 2017, he worked as a columnist with the Italian daily newspaper La Stampa and from 2017 to 2019 with the daily newspaper La Repubblica.

## Works

* Toscano, Roberto (1989). Soviet Human Rights Policy and Perestroika. Cambridge, MA: University Press of America. ISBN 0819174084.
* Toscano, Roberto (2000). Il volto del nemico. La sfida dell'etica nelle relazioni internazionali. Milano: Guerini e Associati. ISBN 88-8335-107-X.
* Toscano, Roberto (2006). La violenza, le regole. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 88-06-18228-5.
* Toscano, Roberto; Jahanbegloo, Ramin (2009). Beyond Violence. Principles for an Open Century. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
* Toscano, Roberto (2009). Between terrorism and global governance: essays on ethics, violence and international law. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1485-8.

## Honours

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross – February 9, 2010
# Deathless (Throwdown album)

Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. Deathless is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008.

## Reception
### Commercial performance

Deathless reached No. 26 on Billboard's Independent Albums chart on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week.

### Critical response

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| AllSounds | |
| Rock Sound | |
| Metal Storm | |
| Braingell Radio | |
| Alternative Press | |
| Blabbermouth | |
Deathless received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera-sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups including Down, Godsmack and Mudvayne.

## Track listing

All songs were written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere.
* "The Scythe" – 4:00
* "This Continuum" – 3:45
* "Tombs" – 4:05
* "The Blinding Light" – 6:12
* "Widowed" – 5:51
* "Headed South" – 5:20
* "Serpent Noose" – 4:12
* "Ouroboros Rising" – 4:24
* "Skeleton Vanguard" – 4:24
* "Pyre & Procession" – 4:07
* "Black Vatican" – 3:22
* "Burial at Sea" – 5:31

## Personnel

Throwdown
* Dave Peters – vocals
* Mark Choiniere – guitars
* Mark Mitchell – bass
* Jarrod Alexander – drums
Production and art
* Mudrock – producer
* Al Fujisaki – producer, digital editing
* Chris "Zeuss" Harris – mixer
* Alan Douches – mastering
* Ryan Clark – art design
* Jerad Knudson – cover photo
# KAGO-FM

KAGO-FM (94.9 FM, "The Rock at 94.9") is a radio station licensed to Altamont, Oregon and serves Klamath Falls. It broadcasts a mainstream rock format and its broadcast license is held by Basin Mediactive.

## History

This station received its original construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission on November 4, 2015. The new station was assigned the KFXX-FM call sign by the FCC on July 15, 2016. On May 10, 2017, the station was assigned the call sign KAGO-FM, which was held by its sister station on 99.5 FM. At the same time, the rock format on 99.5 FM, "99.5 The Rock," moved to 94.9 FM and became "The Rock at 94.9." KAGO-FM received its license to cover from the FCC on June 14, 2017.
# Mark Hughes (politician)

William Mark Hughes (18 December 1932 – 19 March 1993) was a British Labour Party politician and an economic historian.
Hughes was Member of Parliament for Durham from 1970 to 1983, and the (slightly renamed) City of Durham from 1983 to 1987, when he stood down. From 1975 to 1979, he was also appointed a Member of the European Parliament as part of the Labour delegation.
Hughes grew up in Durham, where his father was Professor of History. He attended Durham School then won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1956. He followed this with a PhD at King's College, Durham (now Newcastle University) in 1958, where he remained as the Sir James Knott Research Fellow until 1960. He worked as a staff tutor in the extra-mural studies department of Manchester University from 1960 until 1964, when he moved to a lecturing position at Durham University that he held until he entered parliament. He died in Aberystwyth in 1993.
# The Foreshadowing (band)

The Foreshadowing is an Italian Gothic doom metal band with ambient influences.

## History
### Origin

The band was officially formed at the dawn of 2005, but the project was actually started back in 1998, from an idea of Alessandro Pace (aka Alex Vega), who involved his friends Andrea Chiodetti (guitar) and Francesco Sosto (keyboards) with the idea of starting up a new gothic doom metal band in the vein of My Dying Bride, Katatonia and Anathema, revisiting the sound of these bands in a modern key and with a personal style. Soon the trio was forced to put aside the project, as they could not find the right members to fill the band up.
After a long period of other experiences in various band (Klimt 1918, Spiritual Front, Grimness), they rejoined again and found the spur to take in the old doom metal project again. Soon they were joined by Jonah Padella (drums) and Davide Pesola (bass), two old acquaintances of the underground metal scene in Rome. A couple of months later they engaged Marco Benevento, vocalist and mastermind of the Italian doom band How Like a Winter, who was the missing link to complete the line up.

### Days of Nothing

Their debut album, Days of Nothing, was released during autumn 2005 and the beginning of 2006 and was mixed by Giuseppe Orlando (Novembre) at Outer Sound Studios in Rome. Days of Nothing is a concept album about an imaginary apocalypse wished by an insane ordinary man. After the releases the band signs to English cult label Candlelight Records. On 22 October 2007 Days of Nothing was issued under the historical label, receiving praise from most of the critics. Recently The Foreshadowing announced their official endorsement with Jackson Guitars USA.

### Oionos

In the beginning of 2010, The Foreshadowing announced the release of their second album Oionos, whose release date was set in April 2010 and contemporary made public their signing a new deal with German label Cyclone Empire Records. A cover version of "Russians" by Sting was included in the album tracklist.

### Second World

On 20 April 2012, The Foreshadowing released their third album, Second World.

## Members
### Current

* Marco I. Benevento – vocals (2005–present)
* Alessandro Pace – guitar (2005–present)
* Francesco Sosto – keyboards (2005–present)
* Giuseppe Orlando – drums (2013–present)

### Former

* Andrea Chiodetti – guitar (2005–2019)
* Jonah Padella – drums (2005–2013)
* Davide Pesola – bass (2005–2010)
* Francesco Giulianelli – bass (2010–2016)
* Michele Attolino – bass (2016–2022)

### Timeline
## Discography

* Days of Nothing (2007)
* Oionos (2010)
* Second World (2012)
* Seven Heads Ten Horns (2016)
* New Wave Order (2024)
# KAKJ

KAKJ (105.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Marianna, Arkansas, United States. The station is owned by L.T. Simes II & Raymond Simes.
# Montgomery Wilson

William Stewart Montgomery "Bud" Wilson (August 20, 1909 – November 15, 1964) was a Canadian figure skater. Competing in singles, he became the 1932 Olympic bronze medallist, the 1932 World silver medallist, a six-time North American champion, and a nine-time Canadian national champion.

## Personal life

Wilson was born in Toronto in 1909. During World War II, he was a Major in the army artillery, earning the Bronze Star. He died in 1964 at the age of 55 from throat cancer.

## Career

Wilson first entered the Canadian Championships in 1924 at the age of 13 and placed second. He would win nine senior national titles between 1929 and 1939. In 1932, he won the silver medal at the World Figure Skating Championships and the bronze medal at the Winter Olympics in singles.
Wilson also competed in pair skating with his sister Constance Wilson-Samuel. Together, they won numerous Canadian and North American championships.
Wilson turned professional in 1939 and began his teaching career in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he stayed until interrupted by World War II. Following his army service, he joined the Skating Club of Boston as the club's senior professional and director of its annual carnival, The Ice Chips. He coached the following skaters:
* Dudley Richards, U.S. pair skating champion, World and Olympic competitor
* Bradley Lord, U.S. men's singles champion and World competitor
* Gregory Kelley, U.S. men's singles silver medallist and World competitor
* Tina Noyes, U.S. national medallist, Olympic and World competitor
Wilson was inducted into the World Figure Skating Museum and Hall of Fame (1976), Skate Canada Hall of Fame (1990), Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame (2003), and Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame (2007).

## Results
### Men's singles

International :
| Event | 1924 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 |
| Winter Olympics | | | | 13th | | | | 3rd | | | | 4th | | | |
| World Champ. | | | | 7th | | 4th | | 2nd | | | | 5th | | | |
| North American Champ. | | | 3rd | | 1st | | 1st | | 1st | | 1st | | 1st | | 1st |
| National |||||||||||||||||
| Canadian Champ. | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | | | 1st | 1st |

### Pairs with Wilson-Samuel

International :
| Event | 1927 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 |
| Winter Olympics | | | | | 5th | | | |
| World Championships | | | 4th | | 6th | | | |
| North American Championships | 3rd | 1st | | 1st | | 1st | | 2nd |
| National ||||||||||
| Canadian Championships | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st | 3rd |

### Fours

(with Dorothy Caley, Hazel Caley, and Ralph McCreath)
International :
| Event | 1939 |
| North American Championships | 1st |
(with Constance Wilson-Samuel, Elizabeth Fisher, and Hubert Sprott)
International :
| Event | 1933 |
| North American Championships | 2nd |
# William B. Stacy

William Bradford Stacy (March 4, 1838 – May 3, 1921) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

A native of Massachusetts, Stacy joined the Navy from that state and by January 15, 1866, was serving as a seaman on the USS Rhode Island. On that day, while the Rhode Island was being resupplied in the harbor of Cap-Haïtien, Haiti, one of the crewman fell overboard. The sailor was able to grab onto a rope but, due to a strong current, eventually lost his strength and let go. Stacy then jumped into the water and rescued the man by tying the rope around his waist. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Stacy's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   While coaling ship in the harbor of Cape Haiten, one of the crew of the Rhode Island fell overboard, and, after catching a rope, had been forced by exhaustion, to relinquish his hold. Although the sea was running high at the time, Stacy, at the peril of his life, jumped overboard, secured the rope around his shipmate, and thus saved him from drowning.
# Sam Eig

Samuel Eig (c. 1899 – 1982) was an American real estate developer active in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

## Biography

Eig was born in Smilovichi, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Belarus) to a Jewish family. In 1914, he immigrated to the United States arriving in Seattle, Washington, then moving to New York City, New York, and then Washington, D.C. He worked various jobs as a bellboy, busboy, construction worker, and butcher's assistant. After a failed investment in a grocery store, he opened a liquor store in the 1930s whose profits enabled him to buy a distillery. Using the earnings from this business, he started to invest in real estate in then-undeveloped Silver Spring, Maryland. In 1944, he purchased the Silver Spring Shopping Center; and in 1946, he built the Eig Building. Eig was a proponent of further development in Silver Spring and was an active member of the Silver Spring Board of Trade. In the late 1930s, he personally developed 30 housing lots in Rock Creek Forest, after being denied financing from local banks. Aware that people preferred to move to places that were more established, Eig donated land to build community centers and churches including a Red Cross building and Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Spring. Eig was successful and by the late 1940s, his real estate holdings were valued at over $100 million (worth over $1 billion in 2019). He later expanded into hotels, building the Washingtonian Center in Gaithersburg, Maryland in 1957 and the Georgian Motel in Silver Spring in 1961. Because of antisemitism in Washington, D.C., Eig was denied access to developing homes in some of DC's most desirable neighborhoods. Until the passage of the 1968 Fair Housing Act, Eig and his wife Esther used racially restrictive covenants to exclude African Americans and other racial minorities from suburbs they helped develop. Eig referred to the whites-only Rock Creek Forest neighborhood as "ideally located and sensibly restricted." A typical racially restrictive deed in Rock Creek Forest from 1941 states that "No person of any race other than the Caucasian race shall use or occupy any building or any lot, except that this covenant shall not prevent occupancy by domestic servants of a different race domiciled with an owner or tenant."
Sam Eig Highway, a continuation of Interstate 370, was named in his honor. He was a life member of B'nai Israel Congregation of Rockville. Eig died in 1982 at the age of 83.
# Darkas Rural District

Darkas Rural District (Persian: دهستان درگس) is in Bahu Kalat District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darkas, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 3,959 in 882 households.

## History

In 2018, Dashtiari District was separated from Chabahar County in the establishment of Dashtiari County, and Darkas Rural District was created in the new Bahu Kalat District.
# KALI (AM)

KALI (900 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to West Covina, California, and serving the eastern suburbs of Los Angeles. The station is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and broadcasts Mandarin Chinese and other ethnic programming.
By day, KALI broadcasts at 5,000 watts. As 900 AM is a Mexican clear channel frequency reserved for XEW-AM in Mexico City, KALI reduces power to 150 watts at sunset. It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array. The transmitter is on East Olive Avenue in Chino.

## History
### KGRB

The station was put on the air by former KTLA contract engineer Robert Burdette and his wife Gloria on September 25, 1963 (with call letters standing for Gloria and Robert Burdette). The station was a daytimer, broadcasting with 250 watts, and required to sign off at sunset.
It gained an FM sister station when Burdette acquired KSGV from the San Gabriel Valley Broadcasting Company and rechristened it KBOB on January 1, 1967. The stations promoted themselves as "KGRB, KBOB, The Twin Voices of The (San Gabriel) Valley".
Burdette, who had once been an engineer for Tommy Dorsey and other big band artists, programmed a big band and adult standards format for KGRB. The station featured a library including original 78 rpm recordings. KGRB was authorized to increase its daytime power to 500 watts in 1975, though the higher power level did not take effect until 1977. KGRB and KBOB became only partial simulcast partners in 1977 when, to satisfy FCC regulations, KBOB programs began to originate for five hours a day from the University of La Verne campus.
In 1994, after Burdette suffered a stroke, KGRB was put into a conservatorship. Steve Ray (who had worked at KCLU, KLIT, KMPC, and KRCI) was brought in to manage the stations. He made KGRB an NBC Radio network affiliate, renaming it "AM 90 NBC". Ray was in the process of acquiring the KNBC (AM) call letters, but the format ended on December 28, 1995, when a court-appointed conservator took over.

### KRRA

The conservator leased KGRB and KBOB to El Dorado Broadcasting, and KGRB reemerged at the start of 1996 with a Regional Mexican format as "El Ranchito". A new KRRA call sign debuted on May 6.
Later in 1996, El Dorado bought the combination outright, but it did not hold on to the cluster for long, selling KRTO (the renamed KBOB) to Cox Radio and then selling KRRA to Multicultural Broadcasting. On June 28, 1999, KRRA became KALI, call letters formerly associated with the 1430 AM frequency (which became KMRB).

### KALI

In 2008, Multicultural was forced to place KALI in a trust, known as Transition Radio, when Multicultural's owner, Arthur Liu, acquired KHIZ television. The FCC does not permit one owner to hold too many media outlets in the same market.
When Multicultural sold KYPA 1230 AM, it was able to reclaim KALI from the trust. It changed the programming of the station to Mandarin Chinese and other ethnic shows.
# Janardan Raghunath Mudholkar

Janardan Raghunath Mudholkar B.A., LL.B. (Cantab) Bar-at-Law (9 May 1902 – 27 July 1983), was an Indian Judge who served as Judge of Supreme Court of India from 3 October 1960 to 3 July 1966.
Mudholkar was educated at Elphinstone High School, Bombay; Elphinstone College, Bombay; Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, Lincoln’s Inn, London. He practised at the Bar at Amravati during 1925–1929 and at Nagpur during 1930-1941. He was the son of Rao Bahadur Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar, a distinguished lawyer and President of the Indian National Congress at the 1912 session in Bankipur.
He became District & Sessions Judge during September 1941 – June 1948.
He became High Court Judge at Nagpur High Court during June 1948 – October 1956. He went to the Bombay High Court as Judge during November 1956 – September 1960 and was acting Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court during August–September 1960.
He was amongst the first Indian Supreme Court justices to proclaim the notion that later became known as the Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution. In his separate concurring judgment agreeing with the majority to dismiss the petition of Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan, Mudholkar averred, somewhat hesitatingly, that constitution had certain "basic features" that cannot be amended by Parliament through its amending powers under Article 368:
   Before I part with this case I wish to make it clear that what I have said in this judgment is not an expression of my final opinion but only an expression of certain doubts which have assailed me regarding a question of paramount importance to the citizens of our country: to know whether the basic features of the Constitution under which we live and to which we owe allegiance are to endure for all time -or at least for the foreseeable future - or whether the yard no more enduring than the implemental and subordinate provisions of the Constitution.
After his retirement, Mudholkar served as a Special Judge inquiring into allegations of corruption against several Orissan politicians, including then Chief Minister R. N. Singhdeo and former Chief Minister Hare Krushna Mahatab. Dr. Mahtab, represented by Siddhartha Shankar Ray, sued to quash Mudholkar's recommendations in the Orissa High Court. In Dr. Harekrushna Mahtab vs The Chief Minister Of Orissa and Others' Chief Justice G Mishra ruled against Mahatab, stating in his order, "...The criticism that the conclusions of Sri Mudholkar were such as could not be reached by any reasonable man is unfounded. ...The State Government fully acted within jurisdiction in getting the alienations verified by Sri Mudholkar, even though earlier it had the satisfaction that there was no prima facie case."
# WFPM-LP

WFPM-LP (99.5 FM) is a low power radio station broadcasting an urban gospel format. Licensed to Battle Creek, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 2002. WFPM also broadcasts on translators at 103.7 FM in Jackson and 99.9 FM in Albion.

## Sources

* Michiguide.com - WFPM-LP History