# List of apple diseases

Diseases of apples (Malus domestica) include:

## Bacterial diseases

Pseudomonadota :
| Blister spot | Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans |
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
| Fire blight | Erwinia amylovora |
| Hairy root | Agrobacterium rhizogenes |
| Mycoplasmatota ||
| Apple chat fruit | Phytoplasma suspected |
| Apple decline | Phytoplasma suspected |
| Apple proliferation | Phytoplasma |
| Rubbery wood | Phytoplasma suspected |

## Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases :
| Alternaria blotch | Alternaria mali = A. alternata apple pathotype |
| Alternaria rot | Alternaria alternata |
| American brown rot | Monilinia fructicola |
| Anthracnose canker and bull's-eye rot | Pezicula malicorticus Cryptosporiopsis curvispora [anamorph] |
| Apple scab | Venturia inaequalis Spilocaea pomi [anamorph] |
| Apple ring rot and canker | Botryosphaeria berengeriana = Physalospora |
| Armillaria root rot = shoestring root rot | Armillaria mellea |
| Bitter rot | Glomerella cingulata [teleomorph] (archaic) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [anamorph] Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex Colletotrichum fructicola Colletotrichum chrysophilum Colletotrichum acutatum species complex Colletotrichum fioriniae Colletotrichum nymphaeae |
| Black pox | Helminthosporium papulosum |
| Black root rot | Xylaria mali Xylaria polymorpha |
| Black rot, frogeye leafspot and canker | Botryosphaeria obtusa Sphaeropsis malorum [anamorph] |
| Blister canker = nailhead canker | Biscogniauxia marginata = Nummularia discreta |
| Blue mold | Penicillium spp. Penicillium expansum |
| Brooks fruit spot | Mycosphaerella pomi Cylindrosporium pomi [anamorph] |
| Brown rot blossom blight and spur infection | Monilinia laxa |
| Calyx-end rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
| Clitocybe root rot | Armillaria tabescens = Clitocybe tabescens |
| Diaporthe canker* | Diaporthe tanakae Phomopsis tanakae [anamorph] |
| Diplodia canker | Botryosphaeria stevensii = Physalospora malorum Diplodia mutila [anamorph] |
| European brown rot | Monilinia fructigena Monilia fructigena [anamorph] Monilinia laxa |
| Fisheye rot | Butlerelfia eustacei = Corticium centrifugum |
| Flyspeck | Schizothyrium pomi Zygophiala jamaicensis [anamorph] |
| Fruit blotch, leaf spot and twig canker | Phyllosticta solitaria |
| Glomerella leaf spot | Glomerella cingulata Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [anamorph] |
| Gray mold rot = dry eye rot, blossom-end rot | Botrytis cinerea Botryotinia fuckeliana [teleomorph] |
| Leptosphaeria canker and fruit rot | Diapleella coniothyrium = Leptosphaeria coniothyrium Coniothyrium fuckelii [anamorph] |
| Leucostoma canker and dieback | Leucostoma cinctum Cytospora cincta [anamorph] Valsa auerswaldii = Leucostoma auerswaldii Cytospora personata [anamorph] |
| Marssonina blotch | Diplocarpon coronariae |
| Moldy core and core rot | Alternaria spp. Cladosporium spp. Coniothyrium sp. Epicoccum spp. Pleospora herbarum Stemphylium spp. Ulocladium spp. |
| Monilia leaf blight | Monilinia mali Monilia sp. [anamorph] |
| Monochaetia twig canker | Seiridium unicorne = Monochaetia mali Lepteutypa cupressi [teleomorph] |
| Mucor rot | Mucor spp. Mucor piriformis |
| Nectria canker | Nectria galligena Cylindrocarpon heteronemum [anamorph] |
| Nectria twig blight = coral spot | Nectria cinnabarina Tubercularia vulgaris [anamorph] |
| Peniophora root canker | Peniophora sacrata |
| Perennial canker | Neofabraea perennans Cryptosporiopsis perennans [anamorph] |
| Phomopsis canker, fruit decay and rough bark | Phomopsis mali Diaporthe perniciosa [teleomorph] |
| Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot | Phymatotrichopsis omnivora = Phymatotrichum omnivorum |
| Phytophthora crown, collar and root rot = sprinkler rot | Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora cambivora Phytophthora cryptogea Phytophthora megasperma Phytophthora syringae |
| Phytophthora fruit rot | Phytophthora cactorum Phytophthora syringae |
| Pink mold rot | Trichothecium roseum = Cephalothecium roseum |
| Powdery mildew | Podosphaera leucotricha |
| Rosellinia root rot = Dematophora root rot | Rosellinia necatrix Dematophora necatrix [anamorph] |
| Rubber rot | Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis |
| Rusts ||
| American hawthorne rust | Gymnosporangium globosum |
| Cedar apple rust | Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae |
| Japanese apple rust | Gymnosporangium yamadae |
| Pacific Coast pear rust | Gymnosporangium libocedri |
| Quince rust | Gymnosporangium clavipes |
| Side rot | Phialophora malorum |
| Silver leaf | Chondrostereum purpureum |
| Sooty blotch complex | Peltaster fructicola Geastrumia polystigmatis Leptodontidium elatius Gloeodes pomigena |
| Southern blight | Sclerotium rolfsii Athelia rolfsii [teleomorph] |
| Thread blight = Hypochnus leaf blight | Corticium stevensii = Pellicularia koleroga = Hypochnus ochroleucus |
| Valsa canker | Valsa ceratosperma Cytospora sacculus [anamorph] |
| Violet root rot | Helicobasidium mompa |
| White root rot | Scytinostroma galactinum = Corticium galactinum |
| White rot | Botryosphaeria dothidea Fusicoccum aesculi [anamorph] |
| X-spot = Nigrospora spot | Nigrospora oryzae |
| Zonate leaf spot | Cristulariella moricola Grovesinia pyramidalis [teleomorph] |

## Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic :
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema americanum Xiphinema rivesi Xiphinema vuittenezi |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. Pratylenchus penetrans |
| Pin nematode | Paratylenchus spp. |
| Ring nematode | Criconemella spp. |
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. |

## Viral diseases

Viral diseases :
| Apple chlorotic leafspot | genus Trichovirus, Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) |
| Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa) | Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) (? not US/CAN) |
| Apple flat apple | genus Nepovirus, Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) |
| Apple mosaic | genus Ilarvirus, Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) genus Ilarvirus, Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV) |
| Apple stem grooving = Apple decline of Virginia crab | genus Capillovirus, Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) |
| Apple stem pitting = apple Spy 227 epinasty and decline | Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) |
| Apple union necrosis and decline | genus Nepovirus, Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) |

## Viroid diseases

Viroid diseases :
| Swollen apple | Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) |
| Apple dimple fruit | Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) |
| Apple fruit crinkle | Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) (Japan) |
| Apple scar skin = apple dapple, apple sabi-ka, apple bumpy fruit | Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) |

## Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases

Suspected viral- and viroid-like diseases :
| Dead spur | GTP, unidentified |
| False sting | GTP, virus suspected |
| Green crinkle | GTP, virus suspected |
| Rough skin | GTP, virus suspected |
| Star crack | GTP, virus suspected |

## Miscellaneous diseases and disorders

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders :
| Bitter pit | Localized calcium deficiency |
| Blossom blast | Boron deficiency |
| Burrknot | Genetically predisposed rootstock |
| Fruit cracking | Genetic |
| Fruit russet | Frost, sprays, etc. |
| Green mottle | Unidentified |
| Hollow apple | High temperature |
| Internal bark necrosis = measles | Low pH and mineral nutrient imbalance |
| Internal browning | Boron and calcium deficiencies, etc. |
| Jonathan spot | Reduced by controlled atmosphere storage |
| Narrow leaf | Genetic |
| Necrotic leaf blotch of ‘Golden Delicious’ | Rapid synthesis of gibberellins triggered by environmental factors |
| Spray injury | Spray |
| Storage scald | Injury to fruit surfaces by naturally occurring gases produced by the fruit |
| Sunburn | Sun injury to fruit |
| Sunscald | Freezing of bark following high temperatures in winter |
| Water core | Sorbitol accumulation |
* 'Bitter pit'
* 'Jonathan spot'
* 'Water core'
* 'Spray injury'