# Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres

The first heat of the men's 100 metres race was the first event run at the modern Olympics, on 6 April 1896. The event consisted of 3 heats and a final, held on 10 April. The 100 metres was the shortest race on the Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. 15 athletes from 8 nations competed. The event was won by Thomas Burke of the United States. Fritz Hofmann of Germany took second, with Hungarian Alajos Szokolyi and American Francis Lane (who had won the first heat) tying for third. These competitors are recognized as gold, silver, and bronze medalists by the International Olympic Committee, though that award system had not yet been implemented in 1896.

## Background

Fritz Hofmann was probably the most prominent sprinter to enter the event; he had won the 1893 Championship of the Continent. Thomas Burke was the American champion in the 400 metres but had not distinguished himself yet in the 100 metres. Absent were top sprinters American Bernie Wefers and Englishman Charles Bradley.

## Competition format

21 athletes were entered in the first round, divided into three heats of seven runners, but six of them later withdrew. The top two athletes in each heat advanced to the final.

## Records

This was the standing world record (in seconds) prior to the 1896 Summer Olympics.
| World Record | 10.8 | Luther Cary | Paris (FRA) | July 4, 1891 |
| World Record | 10.8 | Cecil Lee | Brussels (BEL) | September 25, 1892 |
| World Record | 10.8 | Étienne De Re | Brussels (BEL) | August 4, 1893 |
| World Record | 10.8 | L. Atcherley | Frankfurt (GER) | April 13, 1895 |
| World Record | 10.8 | Harry Beaton | Rotterdam (NED) | August 28, 1895 |
* ↑ unofficial
The following new Olympic record was set during this competition:
| Date | Event | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 6 April 1896 | Round 1 | Thomas Burke (USA) | 11.8 s | OR |
In the first heat, Francis Lane set the inaugural Olympic Record of 12.2 seconds, tied in Heat 2 by Thomas Curtis. Thomas Burke then ran 11.8 seconds, which stood as the Olympic Record until the 1900 Olympics.

## Schedule

The precise times of the events are not recorded. For the first round, the heats began shortly after the arrival of King George I of Greece at 3 p.m. and the brief opening ceremony. The final was the first competition of the afternoon session on Friday.
| Date | Date | Round |
| Gregorian | Julian | Round |
| Monday, 6 April 1896 | Monday, 25 March 1896 | Round 1 |
| Friday, 10 April 1896 | Friday, 29 March 1896 | Final |

## Results
### Heats

The first round of heats took place on 6 April. The first heat of the 100 metres was the first competition held in the Games. Francis Lane won the first heat, thus becoming the first winner of a modern Olympic race. All heats were won by athletes from the United States.

#### Heat 1

The Official Report states that there were a total of 21 competitors, divided into three groups; there should therefore have been 7 athletes in each heat. The Official Report names only the top two runners, Lane and Szokolyi. Butler writes that the first heat had "two Hungarians, a Chilian, a Frenchman, a German, an Englishman and an American." Mallon & Widlund list Lane, Szokolyi, Gmelin, Grisel, and Doerry. Megede places André Tournois as the French competitor, rather than Grisel (who Megede does not list at all), omits Doerry (who Megede puts in heat 2), and includes Leonidasz Manno and Luis Subercaseaux. Olympedia follows Mallon & Widlund, also including Manno, Tournois, and Subercaseaux in a list of non-starters not attached to particular heats (this list includes 12 athletes, bringing Olympedia's total entrants to 27 rather than 21).
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Francis Lane | United States | 12.2 | Q, OR |
| 2 | Alajos Szokolyi | Hungary | 12.75 | Q |
| 3 | Charles Gmelin | Great Britain | 12.9 | |
| 4 | Adolphe Grisel | France | Unknown | |
| 5 | Kurt Doerry | Germany | Unknown | |
| — | Leonidasz Manno | Hungary | DNS | |
| — | Luis Subercaseaux | Chile | DNS | |

#### Heat 2

The Official Report states that there were a total of 21 competitors, divided into three groups; there should therefore have been 7 athletes in each heat. The Official Report names only the top two runners, Curtis and Chalkokondylis. Butler writes of the second heat that Curtis beat "a Greek, an Englishman, two Frenchmen, a Dane, and a Hungarian." Mallon & Widlund list Curtis, Chalkokondylis, Elliot, Schmidt, and Marshall. Megede places Alexandre Tuffère as the French competitor, including him at 3rd place above Elliott; Megede also has Kurt Doerry in this heat instead of the first one (indicating he started but did not finish the heat) and omits Marshall entirely. Olympedia follows Mallon & Widlund, also including Tuffère in a list of non-starters not attached to particular heats. Other non-starters listed by Olympedia that could be a second Frenchman or a Hungarian to match Butler's list are André Tournois, Louis Adler, István Zachar, and Nándor Dáni.
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Thomas Curtis | United States | 12.2, =OR | Q |
| 2 | Alexandros Chalkokondylis | Greece | 12.75 | Q |
| 3 | Launceston Elliot | Great Britain | 12.9 | |
| 4 | Eugen Schmidt | Denmark | Unknown | |
| 5 | George Marshall | Great Britain | Unknown | |
| — | Alexandre Tuffère | France | DNS | |
| — | Unknown | Unknown (France or Hungary) | DNS | |

#### Heat 3

Both Burke and Hofmann were more well known for middle-distance events rather than sprinting. Burke's time of 11.8s became the standing Olympic record. It is not clear which athlete received which place between the fourth and fifth finishers.
The Official Report states that there were a total of 21 competitors, divided into three groups; there should therefore have been 7 athletes in each heat. The Official Report names only the top two runners, "an American (Burke)" and Hofmann. Butler writes of the final heat that Burke beat "a Swede, two Greeks, and three Germans." Mallon & Widlund list Burke, Hofmann, Traun, Gennimatas, and Sjöberg. Megede omits Traun, places Sjöberg 3rd and Gennimatas 5th, and includes Nándor Dáni at 4th. Olympedia follows Mallon & Widlund; non-starters (not attached to particular heats in Olympedia) include Flatow and Mouratis.
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Thomas Burke | United States | 11.8 | Q, OR |
| 2 | Fritz Hofmann | Germany | 12.75 | Q |
| 3 | Friedrich Traun | Germany | 13.6 | |
| 4–5 | Georgios Gennimatas | Greece | Unknown | |
| 4–5 | Henrik Sjöberg | Sweden | Unknown | |
| — | Alfred Flatow | Germany | DNS | |
| — | Konstantinos Mouratis | Greece | DNS | |

### Final

The final of the 100 metre race, run on 10 April, involved the six runners who had finished in the top two of their preliminary heats. Curtis scratched from the final as he had also qualified for the final of the 110 metre hurdles, which was the next race on the program (Curtis won that race).
Burke beat his companion from the third heat, Hofmann, by two meters. In a thrilling contest for third place, Lane and Szokolyi dead-heated, both men beating Chalkokondylis by six inches. Lane and Szokolyi are both considered to be bronze medallists by the International Olympic Committee.
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time |
| | Thomas Burke | United States | 12.0 |
| | Fritz Hofmann | Germany | 12.2 |
| | Francis Lane | United States | 12.6 |
| | Alajos Szokolyi | Hungary | 12.6 |
| 5 | Alexandros Chalkokondylis | Greece | 12.6 |
| — | Thomas Curtis | United States | DNS |

## Results summary

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Semifinals | Final | Notes |
| | Thomas Burke | United States | 11.8 | 12.0 | OR |
| | Fritz Hofmann | Germany | 12.6 | 12.2 | |
| | Francis Lane | United States | 12.2 | 12.6 | |
| | Alajos Szokolyi | Hungary | 12.8 | 12.6 | |
| 5 | Alexandros Chalkokondylis | Greece | 12.8 | 12.6 | |
| 6 | Thomas Curtis | United States | 12.2 | DNS | |
| AC | Launceston Elliot | Great Britain | 12.9 | Did not advance | |
| AC | Charles Gmelin | Great Britain | 12.9 | Did not advance | |
| AC | Friedrich Traun | Germany | 13.5 | Did not advance | |
| AC | Eugen Schmidt | Denmark | Unknown | Did not advance | 4th in semifinal |
| AC | Adolphe Grisel | France | Unknown | Did not advance | 4th in semifinal |
| AC | Georgios Gennimatas | Greece | Unknown | Did not advance | 4th–5th in semifinal |
| AC | Henrik Sjöberg | Sweden | Unknown | Did not advance | 4th–5th in semifinal |
| AC | George Marshall | Great Britain | Unknown | Did not advance | 5th in semifinal |
| AC | Kurt Doerry | Germany | Unknown | Did not advance | 5th in semifinal |
| — | Louis Adler | France | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Harald Arbin | Sweden | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Nándor Dáni | Hungary | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Ralph Derr | United States | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Alfred Flatow | Germany | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Leonidasz Manno | Hungary | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Konstantinos Mouratis | Greece | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Luis Subercaseaux | Chile | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Jean Tournois | France | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Alexandre Tuffère | France | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | Charles Vanoni | United States | DNS | Did not advance | |
| — | István Zachar | Hungary | DNS | Did not advance | |