OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Midway, Joplin

Midway was a former village located in northern Newton County, Missouri. It was completely surrounded by the city of Joplin except for the east side where it shared city limits with Sunnyvale. Both it and Sunnyvale have now merged with the city of Joplin. It was located on the south side of 32nd Street (Missouri Supplemental Route FF).
37°03′14″N 94°30′04″W﻿ / ﻿37.054°N 94.501°W﻿ / 37.054; -94.501
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# Midway, Tallahatchie County, Mississippi

Midway is a ghost town in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, United States. Midway was located on the Cassidy Bayou 4.2 miles (6.8 km) east-northeast of Sumner.
# Mill City, Mono County, California

Mill City is a former settlement in Mono County, California. It was located 8.5 miles (14 km) west-northwest of Mount Morrison and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) southwest of Old Mammoth, at an elevation of 8320 feet (2536 m).
Dominating the scene in Mill City are remains of Mammoth Mining Company’s 40-stamp mill, including a large flywheel and stone foundations. Other remains include sunken foundations of additional houses, found among pine trees on a hill above the mill site.
Mill City is currently on land owned by the United States Forest Service, who leased the land for recreational cabins. In 2012, tests found that water in Mammoth Creek was contaminated by mercury from the stamp mill. Mercury was used to separate gold from ore at the site, and it was not removed from the mine tailings. The Forest Service conducted a superfund investigation in 2016, and found that the risk to cabin owners from mercury, antimony, arsenic, and lead was high. Subsequent investigations found that the contamination had spread over 5 acres (2.0 ha). The cabin owners had to vacate their premises as of 2019. As of 2019, there were no Forest Service funds to remediate the site, while the previous owners (Union Bank) refused to pay for remediation. The Forest Service would only allow cabin owners back after remediation (or limit their exposure to 5 days/year). In 2022, the Forest Service revoked the permits for the cabins.
# Nashville, Mississippi

Nashville is a ghost town in Lowndes County, Mississippi, United States.
Located 1.4 mi (2.3 km) west of the Alabama state line, on the east bank of the Tombigbee River, Nashville was once an important shipping port and river crossing location.

## History

The site was settled by Daniel Young, a blacksmith, in 1824, and the place became known as "Young's Bluff".
In 1833, a road was constructed west from Young's Bluff to intersect the Robinson Road (which connected the cities of Columbus, Jackson, and Natchez, and is the second oldest road in Mississippi), and another was constructed east into Alabama. Road traffic passed through the community and then crossed the river on a ferry owned by Young.
Another early settler, Nimrod N. Nash, opened a store there, and then purchased Young's property in 1834. He renamed the town "Nashville", and sold lots to settlers.
In addition to the successful ferry service, Nashville's stores supplied local farmers with goods, it had a post office established in 1837, and its port had facilities to store cotton until steamboats arrived in the late autumn-early winter, when water level would rise. Despite this, Nashville never experienced significant growth, and the town did not incorporate. It never had more than two stores, and in census of 1840, the population was about 55 whites, and an undetermined number of slaves.

## Decline

A river flood devastated the low-lying town in 1847, and by 1850, there was one store left. The post office closed in 1852, and the Nashville voting precinct ended the following year. Many of the homes were soon abandoned.
Nashville continued to serve as a minor shipping port until the Civil War, and the Nashville Ferry continued to operate until between 1967 and 1973.
The river at this site is now part of the Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway, and numerous cottages line the east bank. A private boat launch known as "Nashville Ferry" is located there, and roads leading to the waterway on both shores are named "Nashville Ferry Road".
# Neuse Store, Texas

Neuse Store is a ghost town in Comal County, Texas, United States. It was established in 1847, by Adam Neuse and Heinrich Wanschaff, after buying fifty acres of prairie, and was abandoned by the end of the 19th century.
# New Almelo, Kansas

New Almelo is an unincorporated community in Norton County, Kansas, United States.
The St. Joseph Catholic Church of New Almelo was constructed of the unique pisolitic "algal limestone", a distinctive pink caliche that formed at the top of the Ogallala Formation.

## History

New Elam was issued a post office in 1879. The post office was renamed New Almelo in 1880, then discontinued in 1996.
It is named after the city of Almelo, Netherlands.

## Education

The community is served by Norton USD 211 public school district.
# New Cassel, Wisconsin

New Cassel or New Cassell, formerly Crouchville, was a village on the Milwaukee River in the northwestern corner of the Town of Auburn in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. It was eventually absorbed into Campbellsport, Wisconsin (the two had been called "The Twin Villages") after the latter was incorporated in 1902, and now constitutes the east end of that village.
It was the first settlement in Auburn, having been founded by one Ludin Crouch, a schoolteacher from New York State. Crouch and a Native American companion named Weh-aug-wok-na had come up the Milwaukee River in February 1846 in search of a good site to build a dam for waterpower, and found it at this spot. Crouch and his brother-in-law John Howell returned in the spring and claimed land on each side of the river, in order to build a sawmill. The dam was built; the new settlement was formally named Crouchville on July 4, 1846, and by fall Crouch's sawmill was in operation. It was the first in the region, and supplied demand as far away as Taycheedah. By 1856, having changed hands several times, it had fallen into disuse; one Emil Brayman purchased the site, and started to build a flour mill at that location. He got the village's name changed to New Cassel, after his homeland of Hesse-Cassel, but never completed the flour mill. At that time, the local post office, previously called the Auburn post office, was moved to the New Cassel mill and given the same name as the village.
By 1868, there was a hotel, a flour mill, three churches (Baptist, Catholic and "Protestant or Lutheran"), three general stores, a tin shop, two smithies, two tailors, two carpenters, a brick mason, a cabinet maker, two shoemakers, a harnessmaker, two breweries, a meat market, two saloons, a notary public, a cooper shop and a physician.
On April 28, 1874, Emma Franziska Höll (Sister Mary Alexia) and two other nuns arrived in New Cassel from Schwarzach, in the German Empire, to establish a new religious congregation. They built a boarding school in New Cassel, and would in subsequent years built other facilities in Wisconsin, including a mission for Chippewa Indians in Reserve, Wisconsin and what would eventually become the SSSF motherhouse in Milwaukee.
As late as the Wisconsin State Gazetteer, 1919-20 it was listed as a separate settlement. The New Cassel post office was discontinued between 1923 and 1925.

## Notable people

* James Bamnnon, Wisconsin state legislator
* Louis Eidemiller, Wisconsin state legislator and physician
* The School Sisters of St. Francis, an order of teaching nuns founded and headquartered in New Cassel.
# New Coeln, Wisconsin

New Coeln (also called New Cöln, New Koeln and New Köln) is a neighborhood, formerly a rural hamlet in the Town of Lake of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States, but now part of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was settled by a group of German immigrants from the area around Cologne (German Köln) in the 1840s. By 1847, there were about fifty settlers, and a new Catholic parish, St. Stephen's, was formed. In the 1898 Hand Book of Wisconsin: Its History and Geography ... and Resources, Industries, and Commerce, it is listed as having a population of 35, and is described as follows:
   It has a blacksmith shop and a daily mail.
The portion of the former settlement west of Howell Avenue is now part of the grounds of General Mitchell International Airport, but the inn known variously as Deuster's Saloon, New Coeln House, and the New Coeln House Dancehall is still open (currently branded as the Landmark 1850 Inn), and is on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Notable residents

* Aloysius Arnolds, farmer who held township office and served in the state legislature
* Joseph Deuster, farmer, politician and keeper of Deuster's Tavern/New Coeln House
* Kilian Caspar Flasch, former pastor at St. Stephens who eventually served as Bishop of La Crosse
* William Lawler, farmer who held various local offices and served in the legislature
# Southport Historic District (Southport, North Carolina)

Southport Historic District is a national historic district located at Southport, Brunswick County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 161 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing object. Over half of the structures in the historic district date from the 1885-1905 period. It includes residential, commercial, and institutional buildings and is considered the best example of a Victorian coastal town in North Carolina. Notable buildings include the River Pilots Tower and Building (1940s), Frying Pan Lightship (20th century), Fort Johnston Officers Quarters (c. 1805-09), Walker-Pike House (c. 1800-20), Brunswick Inn (c. 1859), Fort Johnston Hospital (c. 1852-1860), Former Brunswick County Court House (c. 1854), Saint Philips Episcopal Church (c. 1860, 1894–96), Trinity Methodist Church (1888-1890), and the Adkins-Ruark House (1890).
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Gallery

* W. Newton House, 2016
* Trinity United Methodist Church, 2016
* Smithfield Burial Ground, 2010
* T. St. George House, 2016
* S. Swain House, 2016
* Richard Bensell House, 2016
* Morse Cottage, 2016
* Julius Newton House, 2016
* Former Brunswick County Jail, 2016
* Daniel Bender House, 2016
* Captain Melvin Craig House, 2016
* Amuzu Theater, 2010
* Adkins-Ruark House, 2016
* Watson's Pharmacy & Commercial Block, 2016
* St Phillips Episcopal Church, 2016
* Southport Masonic Lodge, 2016
# INkatha (Zulu artifact)

The iNkatha (plural: iziNkatha Zulu pronunciation:) was the magic and sacred 'grass coil', a symbol of unity of the Zulu nation. The sacred item was normally kept under guard, and Zulu kings sometimes seated themselves on it when going to war. The preparation of an iNkatha can be traced back to the time of king Senzangakhona, the father of Shaka. The last inkatha yezwe (grass coil of the nation) was destroyed in 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War.

## Preparation

Specialized iziNyanga (or medicine men) initiated a ritual vomiting exercise when the Zulu army prepared for battle, by administering an emetic to the soldiers. Each soldier of the impi would vomit into the straw-filled pit, and the medicine men would bound the contents into a thick, coiled mat. The woven coil also included rags of the garments of foreign royals, material drawn from the regimental huts and other substances of metaphysical significance.

## Mundane use

Besides the inkatha yezwe, an inkatha may also be a grass coil that is placed on the head as a support when a heavy object is carried on the head.

## Meaning and purpose

The iNkatha was a visible expression of the Zulu nation's unity, and the continuity of its royal line. As it was bound round and round it was considered to represent the binding together of the Zulu people, and symbolised political integration and authority. It also signifies "support under stress," due to its everyday use as a head support. Due to its potency in the collective imagination, the iNkatha's imagery was invoked in the 20th century political movements of king Solomon, chief Buthelezi and others.
# Ernst Hadorn

Ernst Hadorn (31 May 1902–4 April 1976) was a Swiss developmental biologist. He developed techniques for imaginal disc transplantation in Drosophila, leading to technique for the production of fate maps, and studied the organization of mature discs. He discovered the phenomenon of transdetermination. Hadorn was noted for both his experimental skills and teaching.
Hadorn was born in the family of farmers in Forst in Bernese Oberland. Even as a child he was interested in the development of frogs from their eggs each summer. He worked as a teacher in a local village and earned enough money to study biology at the University of Berne under Fritz Baltzer studying nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. He received a PhD in 1931 and began to teach graduate students. He began to conduct research in his basement on amphibia and with Baltzer's encouragement he applied for a Rockefeller fellowship and went to University of Rochester and met Curt Sturn and began to work with Drosophila. He returned to Switzerland and later joined the University of Zurich where he worked until 1972. His research included mechanisms of gene expression and regulation, especially with experiments on mosaic genomes, with the experimental introduction of a foreign genome into a cell. One of his experiments was on the mutant Drosophila that had larvae that did not turn into pupae due to a defective hormone function. In 1955 he published Developmental Genetics and Lethal Factors which was translated to English in 1961. This earned him the Marcel Benoist Prize. His other major work was on imaginal discs begun in 1945 and he worked out the fate of different regions producing "fate maps" using experiments with transplanting tissues and studying transdetermination.
Hadorn was known for his enthusiasm in teaching and conducted intense workshops. In his spare time he took an interest in birdwatching and fishing. Hadorn was one of the founders of the journal Developmental Biology. He died at Wohlen near Bern.
# Deborah Kafoury

Deborah Kafoury (born August 19, 1967) is a politician in the U.S. state of Oregon.
Born in Walla Walla, Washington, Kafoury received her bachelor's degree from Whitman College. She was the chair of the Multnomah County Commission, where she succeeded Jeff Cogen. She previously held a seat on the commission, which she resigned in October 2013 in order to run for chair in the May 2014 election. She noted her work on renovations to the Sellwood Bridge as something she would continue as chair, and pushed for the passage of Metro's 10-year, $2.4 billion homeless services measure.
Kafoury was a founder of the young voter mobilization nonprofit X-PAC and served three terms in the Oregon House of Representatives, from 1999 to 2005, including a leadership role in the Democratic Party caucus.
She is the daughter of Stephen Kafoury and the late Gretchen Kafoury. She is also the first cousin of Trevor Kafoury, formerly the VP of commercial real estate brokerage CBRE in Portland, Oregon.

## Multnomah County

In 2008, Kafoury was elected to the Multnomah County Commission. As a commissioner, she worked on efforts to replace the Sellwood Bridge and the Multnomah County Courthouse.
In October 2013, she resigned to run for chair, as required by the county charter. After receiving endorsements from several local newspapers, she was elected Multnomah County Chair on May 20, 2014. She took office June 5, 2014, and left it on December 31, 2022.
In response to the region's housing crisis, Kafoury established a Joint Office of Homeless Services in partnership with the City of Portland. The Joint Office consolidated a number of initiatives under one roof, focusing on programs such as short-term rental assistance to vulnerable people, transition out of shelter and into permanent housing, and increased capacity of Portland area shelters. Under Kafoury's tenure the Joint Office of Homeless Services used at least 2 million taxpayer dollars to purchase 22,700 tents and 69,514 tarps for the homeless.
At a Board of Commissioners meeting on December 21, 2017, Kafoury called fellow commissioner Loretta Smith a "bitch" after abruptly ending the meeting while Smith was asking questions.
In 2018, Kafoury and the Oregon Nurses Association attempted to get a $2 tobacco tax increase on the state ballot. The petitioners failed to get enough signatures to qualify the measure for the ballot.
# Orleans, Oregon

Orleans was a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States. It was established around 1850 and destroyed in the Great Flood of 1862. It was not rebuilt. The city was located across the Willamette River from Corvallis. The Orleans cemetery survived because it was built on high ground at 44°34′11″N 123°11′29″W﻿ / ﻿44.5697°N 123.1913°W﻿ / 44.5697; -123.1913.
# Doğuş University

Doğuş University (or simply Doğuş) is a foundation university located in Ümraniye, Istanbul.

## Description

Doğuş University has twenty programmes in the faculties of Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Arts and Design, together with nine associate degree programs in the School of Advanced Vocational Studies. Additionally, there are eight postgraduate education programs in the Institute of Social Sciences and three in the Institute of Science and Technology. The European Union Studies program in the Institute of Social Sciences is a member of the consortium IMPREST (International Masters Program in European Studies), which started its academic endeavour in the academic year 2006–2007 and actively cooperated with five other European universities, including Doğuş University.
Due to Doğuş University's ERASMUS (Erasmus University Charter) membership, which started in the spring term of the 2003–2004 academic year, students of Doğuş University can benefit from exchange programs under bilateral agreements signed with over 30 universities.

## Campus

* Çengelköy, Üsküdar, Istanbul
* Dudullu, Ümraniye, Istanbul

## Academics

Faculty of Arts And Sciences
* Department of Communication Sciences
* Department of English Language and Literature
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Psychology
* Division of Physics
* Division of Chemistry
* Division of Humanities
Faculty of Law
* Law
Faculty of Economics And Administrative Sciences
* Department of Business Administration: English and Turkish programmes
* Department of International Relations
* Department of Economics and Finance: English and Turkish programmes
* Department of International Trade and Business
Faculty of Engineering
* Department of Computer Engineering: Computer Engineering Program, Information Systems Engineering Program
* Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering: English and Turkish programmes
* Department of Control Engineering
* Department of Mechanical Engineering: English and Turkish programmes
* Department of Industrial Engineering: English and Turkish programmes
Faculty of Fine Arts And Design
* Department of Architecture
* Department of Graphics
* Department of Painting
* Department of Industrial Product Design
* Department of Interior Architecture
* Visual Communication Design
Institute of Science & Technology
* Doctorate: Logistics and Supply Chain Management Doctorate Program
* Master: Computer and Information Sciences, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Engineering and Technology Management
Institute of Social Sciences
* Doctorate: Financial Economics Doctorate Program
* Master
** Business Administration: English and Turkish programmes
** MA in European Union Studies
** MS in Financial Economics
** MA in English Language and Literature
** MA in Psychology
** MA in Communication Sciences
Foreign Languages Unit
* English Preparatory Programme
* Degree English Unit
# Georges Marty

Georges-Eugène Marty (Paris, 16 May 1860 – Paris, 11 October 1908) was a French conductor and composer associated with both major opera houses in Paris.

## Career

Showing musical talent very early on, and entering the Paris Conservatoire aged 12, he won the first prize for solfege there in 1875. Marty took the first prize for harmony in 1878 and the Prix de Rome in 1882 with his cantata Edith (he was a pupil of Massenet). After his stay in Rome, he travelled to Sicily, Tunisia and Germany before returning to the French capital and gaining much experience as a chorus master.
His compositions include Ballade d’hiver (1885), Overture Balthasar (1887), Matinée de printemps (1888), Lysic (1888), Merlin enchanté, art songs and piano works. Le duc de Ferrare, a drame lyrique in three acts, was composed after his return from Rome but first performed only on 30 May 1899 (at the Théâtre de la Renaissance, with Gabriel Soulacroix, Louis Delaquerrière and Mary Lebey). He became the teacher of the vocal ensemble class at the Conservatoire in 1892, and head of singing at the Opéra in 1893.
Marty was involved in productions at Théâtre Lyrique including Samson et Dalila, and of La jolie fille de Perth at the Eden Theatre. At the Opéra he participated in productions of Gwendoline, Djelma, Tannhäuser, Messidor and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. When the Paris Opéra concerts were created he conducted modern orchestral works.
He made his debut at the Opéra Comique was conducting Manon on 11 March 1900; he then conducted the first ever production at the Salle Favart of Iphigénie en Tauride in June that year. His repertoire also included Joseph, Mireille and Les visitandines and the creation of Le follet and Phoebé.
Marty was the conductor of the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire from 12 June 1901 to 11 October 1908, directing a wide repertoire from Bach to contemporary composers, giving and several local premieres.
In 1906 he replaced Jules Danbé at the Casino de Vichy classical concerts, but although in otherwise good health, he died there from disease of the liver just as the 1908 season was finishing. His wife was a mezzo-soprano active in both the opera house and on the concert platform; his only son was killed at the beginning of the First World War.
# The Grove (Saginaw, Michigan)

The Grove is residential and institutional historic district located along South Washington Street in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## History

The area that is now the Grove saw its first development in the 1870s. During this time, a series of homes was built in the northern section of the district. A second round of development began in 1908, when dredging and other civic improvements made lots in the southern section of the district more desirable. The city waterworks was constructed in 1929 at one end of the district, and in 1936 the City Hall was added at the opposite end. Due to the location of the City, Hall, some of large residential properties were purchased by the city and converted into municipal offices, and others were converted to private business offices.

## Description

The Grove originally contained 18 major structures, of which 17 contribute to the historic character of the district. Much of the land is owned by the city, including the large City Hall and waterworks buildings. Additional land is owned by the Holy Family Catholic Church, located near the northern part of the district. The remaining structures were built as private homes (although most have been converted to other uses). These homes were built in a range of architectural styles, including Italianate, Georgian Revival, and Shingle style.
The two most prominent houses in the district are the T .B. Corning House at 1446 S. Washington and the Montague House 1531 S. Washington. The Corning House was constructed in 1872 for T .B. Corning, a salt and boat building magnate. It is a buff brick Italianate house with a mansard roof and a central tower, reflecting a Second Empire influence. THe Montague House was constructed in 1928. It is a three-story Georgian Revival home.