OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Riyah

Riyah (Arabic: رياح, romanized: Riyāḥ) is an Arab tribe and one of the most powerful sub-tribes of Banu Hilal, a confederation of Arabian tribes that emigrated from Najd to the Maghreb in the 11th century. At the time of the Arab migration to the Maghreb in the 11th century, their chief was Munis bin Yahya of the family of Mirdas.

## History

The 11th century witnessed the most significant wave of Arab migration, surpassing all previous movements. This event unfolded when the Zirid dynasty of Ifriqiya proclaimed its independence from the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. In retribution against the Zirids, the Fatimids dispatched large Bedouin Arab tribes, mainly the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, to defeat the Zirids and settle in the Maghreb. These tribes followed a nomadic lifestyle and were originally from the Hejaz and Najd. They heavily transformed the culture of the Maghreb into Arab culture, and spread nomadism in areas where agriculture was previously dominant. It played a major role in spreading Bedouin Arabic to rural areas such as the countryside and steppes, and as far as the southern areas near the Sahara. Sources estimate that the total number of Arab nomads who migrated to the Maghreb in the 11th century was at around 1 million Arabs. At the time of the migration, Banu Hilal were very numerous, effectively a nation divided into its own sub-tribes, of which the most notable were the Athbaj, Riyah, Jusham, Zughba, Adi, and Qurra.
In Ibn Khaldun's time (1332–1406), Riyah tribes were mainly centered in the area of eastern Algeria around Constantine. In 1217, Arab warriors of Riyah reinforced the Almohad army and defeated an army of the Marinids. The leader of Banu Marin Abd al-Haqq I was killed in the battle and the Marinids were repelled from the region of eastern Morocco for a long time. Ibn Abi Zar recorded this battle and identified the Riyah Arabs as the strongest tribe in the Maghreb. At this time, Riyah were mainly present in the central Maghreb (present-day Algeria) and northern Ifriqiya (northern present-day Tunisia). Over time they were settled in present-day Morocco along with the tribes of Khult and Zughba, beginning the rural Arabization of the western Maghreb.
# Silver Sprocket

Silver Sprocket is a San Francisco-based indie comics publisher and independent record label, founded in 2007 by Avi Ehrlich of Springman Records. In addition to publishing records and comics, Silver Sprocket also supports a range of independent musicians and other community-based initiatives.

## Overview

Silver Sprocket is an anti-professional art crew, comic and zine publisher, record label, and "all-around raging dumpster fire." Ehrlich told The Comics Journal that the community-based model of the company is founded in anarchist politics: "It’s very shaped by anarchist world views and specifically the Bay Area punk rock scene which was a very hippieish community of mutual aid and helping each other out and not waiting for permission from some corporation to exist." Comics critics have noted the publisher's high production values differentiates Silver Sprocket from other zine publishers. "Its political values may be DIY and anti-establishment, but its attention to production values and design sets it apart from traditional, home-made zines." Silver Sprocket is known for publishing comics about punk culture, mental illness, queer lives, and people of color.
Silver Sprocket opened their first retail location in December 2017 at 1685 Haight St, San Francisco. In 2021, Ari Yarwood was hired as Silver Sprocket's first managing editor.

## Musicians

The following musicians have released albums under the Silver Sprocket label:
* Andrew Jackson Jihad
* Ashtray
* Big D and the Kids Table
* Blackbird Raum
* Blatz
* Bobby Joe Ebola and the Children MacNuggits
* Filth
* Larry and His Flask
* Pain
* The Phenomenauts
* The Pillowfights
* River City Rebels
* Shang-A-Lang
* Vic Ruggiero
Additionally, the label has released the following compilation albums:
* Rude Remix Revolution (2009)

## Cartoonists

* Ben Passmore published Your Black Friend and Other Strangers (2018)
* Benji Nate
* Cartoonist Mitch Clem publishes his work through Silver Sprocket.
* Liz Suburbia
* Eddy Atoms
* Jenn Woodall
* Caroline Cash
* Sam Szabo
# Burtnieki

Burtnieki (German: Burtneck) is a village (population 488) in Burtnieki Parish, Valmiera Municipality, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, near Lake Burtnieks. Administrative centre of Burtnieki Parish. Burtnieki was first mentioned in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry in 1208 and has several historic sites: Burtnieki castle-ruins, Burtnieki manor and Burtnieki church.

## Burtnieki castle and manor

Burtnieki was a site of a Livonian Order castle, built in 1284. The house was burned down in the 16th century, during the Livonian War. A part of stone wall on the Southern side remains.
In the 14th century, a manor estate was built near the castle ruins, on the bank of Lake Burtnieks. In 1860s, baron J.F. von Schroder created a park near the estate (now known as the Burtnieki park) with about 70 species of trees and bushes.

## Lutheran church of Burtnieki

The Lutheran church of Burtnieki is located on the Eastern bank of the lake. The first church was built there in 1234. It was a Catholic church, built from wood. It burned down and was replaced by a stone wall church between 1283-1287. It was destroyed in 1654, during the Polish-Russian War.
The current church was built in 1688. Near the church is located a minister estate building complex, renovated in 1992. The estate building has been defined as a protected architectural monument.

## Horse farm of Burtnieki

Burtnieki has a horse-farm, first established in 1941. Several notable horses have been bred here. Burtnieki-bred horse Rusty, with the rider Ulla Salzgeber of Germany, won bronze medal in individual dressage and gold medal in team dressage in 2000 Summer Olympics. After Olympics, Rusty and Ulla Salzgeber have won two European Championships (in 2001 and 2003) and World Cup.
The former "Briedes" pub (built in 1840) hosts a horse breeding and agriculture museum. It was one of the sites of 2000 European Heritage Days.

## Burtnieki school

Burtnieki school was established in 1685 and was one of the first 15 rural schools in Latvia. It is currently known as Burtnieki Auseklis Secondary School.
# Francis Williamson (architect)

Francis Williamson (13 October 1822 - 26 November 1883) was a British surveyor and architect based in Nottingham.

## History

He was born on 13 October 1822 in Lowdham, Nottinghamshire, the son of William Williamson and Maria. He established himself in practice in Bottle Lane, Nottingham around 1848.
He married Anne Coulby on 22 May 1851 at St John’s Church, Carrington.
He died on 26 November 1883 and left an estate valued at £7,247 11s 1d (equivalent to £922,000 in 2023).

## Works

* Parsonage House, St. John the Baptist's Church, Leenside, Nottingham Station Road/London Road, Nottingham 1850-51 (demolished ca. 1899)
* Villa with outbuildings, Forest Grove, Nottingham 1851
* House, stable and outbuildings, Sneinton, 1852
* 2-20, Annesley Grove, Nottingham (for the Nottingham Freeholders’ Permanent Benefit Building Society) 1854
* Wilford School, Nottingham 1865-66 rebuilding
* Warehouse, Spaniel Row/Houndsgate 1874
* New School, Clifton, Nottingham 1871-72
* Pratt, Hurst and Company warehouse, Hollowstone, Nottingham 1873
* Warehouse, Spaniel Row/Houndsgate 1874
* Pair of shops 4 Bridlesmith Gate (also 13 Poultry, Nottingham) 1875
# Olivia Bromley

Olivia Bromley (born 6 December 1995) is an English actress. She began her acting career in theatre, appearing in various productions including A Midsummer Night's Dream and Othello. Then in 2018, she was cast as Dawn Taylor in the ITV1 soap opera Emmerdale, for which she was nominated for Best Soap Newcomer at the TV Choice Awards.

## Life and career

Bromley was born on 6 December 1995 and is from London. She trained at the Oxford School of Drama, after which she began performing in various theatre productions. These included Spent at the Soho Theatre, Rhythm of Silence at the Theatre Royal and Interrobang at the Arts Theatre. She was also a member of the band Damsen.
in 2018, Bromley made her film debut in Here Be Dragons. That same year, she made her television debut after being cast in the ITV1 soap opera Emmerdale. Her character, Dawn Taylor, was introduced as part of a storyline involving Ross Barton (Michael Parr) and appeared on a recurring basis. Following her initial appearances, Bromley's management confirmed that she would be returning to the soap as a regular cast member. For her role as Dawn, Bromley has been nominated for Best Soap Newcomer at the 2019 TV Choice Awards, as well as Soap Actor at the 2021 TRIC Awards.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | Here Be Dragons | Tina | Film |
| 2018–present | Emmerdale | Dawn Taylor | Regular role |
| 2022 | Britain Get Singing | Herself | Performer |
| 2024 | The Eyes of Marge | Leanne Holder | Short film |

## Stage

* Gold Coast
* A Midsummer Night's Dream
* Rhythm of Silence
* Spent
* Othello
* Titus Andronicus

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Ceremony | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| 2019 | TV Choice Awards | Best Soap Newcomer | Emmerdale | Nominated | |
| 2021 | TRIC Awards | Soap Actor | Emmerdale | Longlisted | |
# Ferrari 412

Ferrari used its 412 designation in a number of race and road models, called for the overall engine displacement and number of cylinders of the Jano V12 or Colombo V12 engines; or for the displacement of a single cylinder for the Tipo F101-engined grand tourers. Formula One cars were named after number of valves per cylinder and for the number of cylinders.
The following models used the 412 name:
* 1958 Ferrari 412 MI, purpose-built racer for the second edition of the 500 Miles of Monza
* 1958 Ferrari 412 S, Sports racing car
* 1967 Ferrari 412 P, Sports prototype racing car
* 1985 Ferrari 412, Grand tourer
* 1994 Ferrari 412 T1, Formula One racing car; also called Ferrari 412 T1B
* 1995 Ferrari 412 T2, Formula One racing car
# Roman de San Jose

Roman de San Jose was born in Plasencia (Cáceres) in 1877. He entered the Army in 1894, the band of drums Castilla Regiment No. 16. In 1900, he amounts to the position of bandmaster. Between 1909 and 1913 he participated in the war in Africa which receives several awards. In 1914 he directed the band from Asturias Infantry Regiment and in 1915 the Quartermaster Academy where he remained until 1928. In 1937, retires by age.
He is the author, among other works, popular military march "El Turuta" and march "Everything Are Clouds".
# Bridled quail-dove

The bridled quail-dove (Geotrygon mystacea) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found from Saint Lucia in the Lesser Antilles north and west to Puerto Rico.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The bridled quail-dove is monotypic. It has been suggested that it and the Key West quail-dove (Geotrygon chrysia) form a superspecies.

## Description

Specimens of bridled quail-dove from several islands had mean weights between 208 and 224 g (7.3 and 7.9 oz) with fairly large standard deviations. These data and measurements of various body parts suggest that the species "has low morphometric variance across its distribution."
Adult bridled quail-doves are mostly brown. They have a bold white stripe across the face below the eye and a small white patch on the throat. The male's head and nape are iridescent green which becomes blues and violets on the lower neck and upper back; females have less iridescence. The tail is dark brownish gray and the belly cream. The folded wing shows some cinnamon markings.

## Distribution and habitat

The bridled quail-dove is or was found from Puerto Rico south and east through the Lesser Antilles to Saint Lucia. As of 2009, it was generally uncommon to rare throughout its range, and might have been extirpated from some islands. Privately owned Guana Island, one of the British Virgin Islands, appears to be the only site where is considered common. It inhabits forested mountain areas that have dense understory and much leaf litter.

## Behavior
### Feeding

Bridled quail-doves usually forage singly or in pairs and also sometimes in larger groups. They probe and toss leaf litter on the forest floor searching for seeds, fallen fruits, and invertebrates such as snails and insects. These birds have also been documented to eat Sphaerodactylus macrolepis, a lizard native to the Puerto Rico area.

### Breeding

The bridled quail-dove builds a platform nest of twigs in vines, shrubs, or trees. The clutch size is one or two.

### Vocalization

* Songs and calls
* Listen to bridled quail-dove on xeno-canto
The bridled quail-dove's call is "a relatively deep, resonating coo" described as "haoooo", "hoo-hoooooo", or "who-whooo". It also makes a "guttural croaking" call whose purpose is not known.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the bridled quail-dove as being of Least Concern. However, there are few historical data with which to compare modern records so it is not clear whether the population is in decline or stable. Habitat loss, hunting, natural disasters such as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, and predation by introduced mammals are all known to have influenced the populations on one or more islands. In Puerto Rico, it is "the highest territorial priority species in need of conservation measures."
# USS SC-48

USS SC-48, sometimes styled as either Submarine Chaser No. 48 or S.C.-48, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I. Like most members of her class, she was not named and known only by her designation.

## Construction and commissioning

SC-48 was built at New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York in 1918. She was commissioned 27 March 1918.

## Service history

On 28 June 1918 SC-48 left New London, Connecticut in a convoy with 17 other submarine chasers, destroyer tender Bridgeport, and several other vessels, bound for France via Bermuda and the Azores. At 06:40 on 5 August, as the convoy neared the Ushant Light, SC-48 spotted a torpedo wake headed for Bridgeport and sounded the alarm. Bridgeport’s evasive action avoided the torpedo, and, despite reports of a periscope sighting, no submarine was ever located or sunk.
SC-48 served with sister ships SC-45 and SC-47 in Unit 20 of Division 21, and was based in Plymouth and Queenstown during the war. After the Armistice, Unit 20 took part in operations to clear the North Sea Mine Barrage through the end of September 1919.
It is unclear if SC-48 remained in commission on 17 July 1920. If she were, she would have received, as part of the new U.S. Navy letter-number scheme, the hull designation of PC-48.
SC-48 was sold on 24 June 1921 to Joseph G. Hitner of Philadelphia. By 1925, the ship had been renamed Stumble Inn 1 and was owned by Clarence Fix and based in Buffalo, New York. The Fix family used this ship for bootlegging and it was seized by the Canadian government which is the last recording of its whereabouts.
# Perchoerus

Perchoerus is an extinct genus of suine from the Eocene and Oligocene of North America. Three species are known. While often considered to be a peccary, other studies have recovered it to be a basal suine outside of either peccaries or Suidae. The oldest known species of Perchoerus is P. minor, which was only the size of a house cat. It is known from skull and tooth material. The later P. nanus of the Orellan grew larger and is known from a skull and lower jaw. The latest and largest species was P. probus of the Oligocene (32-30 mya). It was much larger (about as big as living peccaries) and known from more remains than the other species.

## Palaeoecology

Low δ$^{13}$C values from the teeth of P. probus suggest that it was an inhabitant of dense riparian habitats.
# Model Colony, Karachi

Model Colony Karachi is a neighborhood in Karachi, Pakistan, that is within Korangi District. It is situated on the outskirts of the city about two miles northeast of Jinnah International Airport, Karachi's international airport. Other important buildings in the vicinity are the Security Press, which is Pakistan's mint, and the SOS Village, which houses about 200 orphans.
Currently, it is divided into two Union Councils.
Most of the residents in this neighborhood belong to the Muhajir community tracing their roots to Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

## History

According to local folklore, the Model Colony was envisioned by Fatima Jinnah, the sister of Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and Syed Mohammad Hussain Qadri, who was very close to both her and her brother. She asked the town planner, Mr. Makki, to lay out a plan for a 'model Muhajir colony'. It was a favored residential area for Karachi's elite until the mid-1980s.
The colony has seen sustained deterioration as a result of increased population and ethnic riots that reached their peak from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Following the formation of the Pakistani local government system in 2000, there have been improvements to the sewerage system and road network and now approximately 85% of the houses in the colony have access to the sewerage system.
On 22 May 2020, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303, an Airbus A320 aircraft, crashed in the Jinnah Garden area of Model Colony during final approach to Jinnah International Airport. Several buildings were damaged, while 97 of the aircraft's 99 occupants and one person on the ground were killed.

## Notable residents

* Saeed Azad (national cricketer)
* Rashid Latif (national cricketer)
* Saeed Anwar (national cricketer)
* Basit Ali (national cricketer)
* Asim Kamal (national cricketer)
* Mirza Iqbal Baig (Sports journalist / TV anchor)
* Rizwan Malik (cricketer)
* Maham Tariq (national women's cricketer)
* Aasia Ishaque (Secretary Information of APML)
# Oioceros

Oioceros is an extinct genus of spiral-horned antelope from the late Miocene. Its fossils have been found in Greece, China, Iran, and Africa. It was first discovered by Wagner in 1857, and contains nine species, O. rothii, O. atropatenes, O. jiulongkouensis, O. noverca, O. robustus, O. stenocephalus, O. lishanensis, O. wegneri, and O. tanyceras. Former species include O. grangeri (Pilgrim, 1934), now recognized as the genus Sinomegoceros, and O. xiejiaensis (Li and Qui; 1980), now recognized as the genus Sinopalaeoceros.
Oioceros somewhat resembled a gazelle.

## Description

In 1997, an almost complete skull of O. rothii proved that it was similar to Samotragus praecursor, with a short face, compared to its relatively long braincase, and isolated horn cores. However, unlike S. praecursor, O. rothii had a jaw of primarily premolar teeth, which were longer than the molars found in the latter. Pilgrim and Hopwood described the genus as being "small size with long slender muzzle; face bent down on basicranial axis either slightly or to a moderate extent; orbits with expanded orbital roof; horn-cores twisted counter-clockwise in a fairly close spiral of one or two revolutions, widely separate, tilted backward or fairly upright, divergent, with a cross-section almost circular or elliptical, keeled either anteriorly or posteriorly or both; dentition moderately hypsodont, premolar series rather long and slender, molars broad with ribs of medium strength" (Pilgrim and Hopwood, 1928, p. 24). The horn cores of Oioceros have a torsion.

## Species

* Oioceros rothii was first named by Wagner in 1857. He originally had the specimen he had found in Pikermi, Greece, under the name "Antilope rothii". In 1901, Gaillard reassigned the species to Oioceros rothii.
* Oioceros atropatenes was first named by Rodler & Weithofer in 1890.
* Oioceros jiulongkouensis was first named by G. Chen and W. Wu in 1976.
* Oioceros noverca was first named by Pilgrim in 1934.
* Oioceros robustus was first named by Chen and Wu in 1976.
* Oioceros stenocephalus was first named by Chen and Wu in 1976.
* Oioceros wegneri was first named by Andree in 1926. It possibly represents an entirely different genus of sheep.
* Oioceros tanyceras was first named by Gentry in 1970 from the Miocene site of Fort Ternan, Kenya. It has alternatively been placed in the genus Hypsodontus.
# Bérchules

Bérchules is a village and municipality in the central Alpujarra, in the province of Granada in Spain. The origins of the village are Arab. There are two villages in the municipality, Bérchules (36° 58' north and 3° 11' east, elevation 1350 metres), and Alcútar (36° 58' north and 3° 11' east, elevation 1250 metres). The villages are on the road, Órgiva-Trevélez-Ugíjar, and their population is estimated at 900 and 300 respectively.
The river Grande de Los Bérchules flows past the village on its course from the Sierra Nevada to the Mediterranean at Motril. En route it becomes renamed Rio "Gualdalfeo" and is the main river in the Alpujarra. Like the surrounding area, in general the present population has declined since the mid 20th century when the population was probably nearer to 5,000 inhabitants. Many emigrated to Germany, Switzerland, France, Brazil, Argentina, and to the coastal area of Almería, El Ejido etc.
The traditional agricultural was based on tomatoes, almonds and cattle and continues as the main industry of the village with tourism having an increasing economic importance. Since 2000 an influx of relatively affluent immigrants from northern Europe have also had an effect on the local economy.
Most tourists visit for the hill walking as the village is situated on the GR7 Archived 2008-07-23 at the Wayback Machine long distance footpath. Local attractions include the "fuente agua agria" water with a high iron content which is purported to have medicinal properties. Notable fiestas include New Year's Eve in August (First Saturday of August), the Festival of San Marcos, with processions of agricultural animals (25 April) and Festival of San Pantaleon, patron saint of Bérchules (27 July), and the Festival of Santo Cristo in Alcútar (9 August).
Notable people from this village include Virginia Tovar Martín.