OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Defensor minor

The Defensor minor is a work by Marsilius of Padua written around 1342. The Defensor minor is a restatement and defense of Marsilius's best known work, the Defensor pacis.
The text discusses civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, the confession, penance, indulgences, the Crusades, pilgrimages, plenitudo potestatis, legislative power, the origin of the sovereignty, wedding, and divorce.

## Civil jurisdiction

With regard to jurisdiction, Marsilius distinguishes between divine and human laws, the first event which is independent of any human will and on the conduct of man in view of the afterlife, the second which determines the will of the people, endowed with coercive power and not modifiable by any clergyman.
This applies also to the Pope that even with his decrees may waive the law, manifestation of the people's sovereignty. While the beneficiaries of the two laws are identical, its object and purpose are different. The one seeks the good of the soul and the other cares for earthly well-being, with the result that the church is denied the power to make laws, even in the persistent silence of human legislation. The same applies to amendments and changes, which should remain solely with the people. The only thing that is relevant to the clergy is the non-legal rules that affect morality and resolve themselves into simple counsels and take effect with counsellors.

## The clergy

The task and the main function of the clergy is to teach the sacred texts and preparing souls for the afterlife. The Church has repeatedly stated that for the sinner there is no other system of redemption from sin but confession. Marsilius, in an effort to bring man to God, regardless of any broker, says that confession should be done directly to God and that salvation comes only by true repentance. This anticipates what will be one of the tenets of Protestantism. The necessity of this Sacrament, that is only recommended and not required, is not detected from the Holy Scriptures. Only sincere repentance to the outside of any denominational can give that peace in the soul that is the prelude of eternal salvation. Absolution from sin belongs only to God and the priest, who may do so, does so only within the Church. Sufficit soli Deo confiteri peccata ipsa, videlicet recognoscendo, et de ipsis poenitendo cum proposito talia alterius non committendi. These words can be regarded as harbingers of what will be the principles of the Lutheran Reformation.
Sufficit sola contritio et vera poenitentia de commisso absque omni confessione facta vel fienda sacerdoti, ut immediate absolvatur per Deum. Marsilio does not exclude absolutely confession: he says only that it is useful but not essential, which it would be if it were a precept, therefore he also denies the priestly power to inflict penalties. Only contrition frees from sin, not repentance of any material or spiritual character almost like a compensation for the sin. Quamvis in hoc saeculo nullam realem aut personalem satisfactionem exhibeat pro peccatis.
# 1997 Fiesta Bowl (December)

The 1997 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Kansas State Wildcats and the Syracuse Orangemen on December 31, 1997, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. Kansas State defeated Syracuse, 35-18. The game was part of the 1997-1998 Bowl Alliance of the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season and represented the concluding game of the season for both teams.

## First Quarter

The Orangemen jumped out to a 3-0 lead on the first of Nate Trout’s three field goals.

## Second Quarter

Kansas State quarterback Michael Bishop led the Wildcats to three-consecutive touchdowns in the second quarter. Following a failed fake field goal attempt by Syracuse, Bishop completed a 19-yard pass to Darnell McDonald. Bishop then followed with a 12-yard TD rush on their next possession, and ended with a 28-yard completion to Justin Swift on a tight end screen. Syracuse came back to score 12 points in the final 2:18 to cut the lead to 21–15 at the half.

## Third Quarter

No scoring occurred.

## Fourth Quarter

McDonald caught a 77-yard TD play from a long pass along the sidelines, and then followed with a 41-yard reception with 3:17 remaining to seal the game away.

## Aftermath
### Kansas State

Bishop threw for four touchdown passes, completing a career-high 14 passes for a career-best 317 yards. He finished the game with 390 yards in total offense including 317 yards passing and 73 yards rushing.
McDonald caught seven of Bishop’s passes for a school-record of 206 yards and three touchdowns. His 77-yard reception in the fourth quarter was the longest in Fiesta Bowl history.
Swift caught a career-high five passes for a career-high 98 yards and one touchdown.
Bishop earned the Offensive Player of the Game award, while KSU linebacker Travis Ochs, was named Defensive Player of the Game after he had an interception and fumble recovery.

### Syracuse

Quarterback Donovan McNabb threw for 271 yards and ran for 81 yards, but completed just 16 of 39 passes.
Syracuse’s eight-game bowl game win streak had ended.
# Flag of Las Vegas

The flag of Las Vegas consists of blue field with a diagonal gray stripe running from the top of the hoist to the bottom of the fly. Las Vegas' city seal, adopted on March 16, 1966, and designed by Richard Thompson, is located in the canton (i.e. upper left) breaking the stripe.

## Design and symbolism

The dominant color of the flag is royal blue, which symbolizes the blue skies of the state of Nevada. The gray stripe alludes to Nevada's nickname as "The Silver State". On the same day as the adoption of the flag, these two colors were adopted as the official colors of Las Vegas. The seal shows three tall buildings- the middle is the tallest, the left is the shortest, and the right is midway the height between the two. Each of these buildings have yellow marquees, going downward from left to right. The buildings and marquees symbolize tourism, a major industry for the city. To the left of the buildings is the Hoover Dam, also in white. The dam is a major landmark in the Clark County area. At the base of the dam is the Colorado River, which runs to about the middle of the seal. At the very left is a small portion of a brown cliff, symbolizing the mountainous terrain. To the right of the three buildings is a silhouette of Sunrise Mountain, further conveying the mountains of Las Vegas and the surrounding area. In front of the mountain is a green four-limbed Joshua tree, a reference to the desert landscape of the area. The sun, in yellow with orange rays, rises behind the mountains and is about the height of the right-most building. The sky above this is a lighter shade of blue than the royal blue. A black jet and black contrail above the scene alludes to the importance of air traffic, both civilian and military, in the region. The outer ring of the seal has the words "City Of Las Vegas" on the top portion and "Nevada" on the bottom portion, both in silver lettering.

## History

The Las Vegas City Council authorized a contest for a city flag on April 7, 1965. The winning design was created by Kenneth A. Bouton, an assistant to the city manager. The winning flag was not officially adopted for another three years, finally being adopted on October 2, 1968. In a 2004 North American Vexillological Association survey of American city flags, Las Vegas ranked 93rd out of 150.
# Black Angel (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Guardian | |
Black Angel is the fourth studio album by British singer-songwriter Mica Paris. It was released on 10 August 1998 by Cooltempo / Chrysalis, her first and last for these labels, and features production from Boy George and Raphael Saadiq.

## Recording

In the book, Straight, Boy George expressed, 'I wrote and produced "Black Angel" for Brit soul diva Mica Paris. Working with such a soaring voice — which could reach notes I could only dream of — was a thrilling experience.'

## Reception
### Critical

Reviewing the single "Carefree" for Billboard, Larry Flick wrote, "Carefree" 'shows the enduring chanteuse in tip-top vocal form, floating a glorious, deceptively simple performance over a deliciously soulful groove. Equally appropriate for club turntables and home sound systems, this Cooltempo U.K. release leaves you desperate for a full-length album.' In the book Companion to Contemporary Black British Culture, Derek A. Bardowell heralded Paris as 'UK R'n'B's most respected vocalist. Despite struggling to find a market to fit her raspy but classically soulful voice, Paris has been a major musical force'. Bardowell also wrote that 'Paris found musical liberation in 1998 and assumed more creative control on her fourth effort [...] Black Angel is the greatest illustration of Paris' innovative talent.

### Commercial

Black Angel debuted and peaked at number fifty-nine on the UK Albums Chart making it Paris' first album to miss out on a place in the UK Top 40. The album only charted for one week, meaning it failed to live up to the sales of her previous three studio albums. Black Angel was Paris' last album to chart in the UK until Gospel in 2020.

## Singles

Three singles were released from Black Angel. The lead single, "Stay", fared poorly in the charts, especially for a lead single from an album, entering and peaking at number forty then falling to number seventy-two the next week before dropping out of the charts completely. The second single from the album, "Carefree", performed worse than the previous release and became Paris' first single to fail to chart within the UK Top 200. The third and final single to be released from the album was the title track, "Black Angel". This performed better than the previous single, however it only managed to chart at number seventy-two, before falling off the charts the following week. This was Mica's last single to chart in the UK to date.

## Track listing

Notes:
* Track 4 contains a sample from "Let the Good Times Roll" by Little Beaver
* Track 7 contains a sample from "Could You Be Loved" by Bob Marley and the Wailers

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the album's information on AllMusic and the liner notes.

## Charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 59 |
| UK R&B Albums (OCC) | 10 |
# Jeppe Kjær (footballer, born 1985)

Jeppe Borild Kjær (born 6 November 1985) is a retired Danish footballer.

## Career

After leaving Lyngby BK on 25 June 2019, he joined FC Helsingør on 9 July 2019 on a 2-year contract.
# Woodland Park, Richmond, Virginia

Woodland Park is an unincorporated community in Richmond, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Pradeep Munidasa

Pradeep Munidasa (full name Puwakdandawe Katuwanagamage Nishantha Pradeep Munidasa; born 12 August 1978) was a Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Kandy Cricket Club. He was born in Kandy.
Munidasa made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 2002–03 season, against Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club. From the tailend, he scored 3 not out in the first innings in which he batted, and 5 runs in the second.
He bowled 6 overs in the match, conceding 36 runs.
# One nation, two states

One nation, two states (simplified Chinese: 一国两府; traditional Chinese: 一國兩府; lit. 'one country, two governments') presuppose that China is "one country" (or "one nation") in cross-strait relations, but they want to recognize the political situation in which the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the government of the Republic of China (ROC) coexist. This is mainly supported by some Kuomintang politicians who oppose the PRC's one country, two systems, and it was the U.S. government that first proposed it. The People's Republic of China opposes the One nation, two states because it claims to be China's "only legitimate government" (唯一合法政府). "One nation, two states" is basically based on one China principles, so it shouldn't be confused with "Two Chinas".

## History

In 1990, under the support of the United States, the National Unification Council, chaired by President of the Republic of China Lee Teng-hui, proposed "One nation, two states" to the People's Republic of China, but the proposal was rejected because the People's Republic of China feared that the dialogue between the two central governments would be distorted.
When Chen Shui-bian, a member of the Democratic Progressive Party, was elected president of the Republic of China in 2000, then Kuomintang leader Lien Chan proposed "One nation, two states", "federal system", and "national unification system" again and opposed Taiwan independence.
The official statement of the People's Republic of China on the Taiwan question, the one-China principle, is that "there is only one China in the world, the mainland and Taiwan belong to one China, and anything can be discussed on the premise of one China". In the 2000s, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China stated that the basic policy of resolving the Taiwan issue is "there is only one China in the world, and Taiwan belongs to one China" and it also stated the following:
   There is only one China in the world, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, with its central Government in Beijing. This is a fact recognized by the world and a prerequisite for the peaceful resolution of the Taiwan question. The Chinese government firmly opposes any words or deeds aimed at splitting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, opposes 'two Chinas', 'one China, one Taiwan' or 'one country, two governments', and opposes all attempts that may lead to the 'Taiwan independence', and opposes all attempts and acts that may lead to 'Taiwan independence'.
# Prospect Hill Historic District (Bloomington, Indiana)

Prospect Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Bloomington, Monroe County, Indiana. The district encompasses 38 contributing buildings and 8 contributing structures in a predominantly residential section of Bloomington. It developed between about 1840 and 1936, and includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Mission Revival, and Bungalow/American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Blair-Dunning House.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.
# Luverne Historic District

The Luverne Historic District is a 100-acre (40 ha) historic district in Luverne, Alabama, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It then included 161 contributing buildings.
The district is roughly bounded by 1st St., 6th St., and by Legrande, Glenwood, Folmar and Hawkins Avenues.
It includes works by architects Earl G. Lutz and Algernon Blair. It includes Queen Anne and Bungalow/craftsman architecture.
It includes the Crenshaw County Courthouse, on East Third Street, built in 1972, as a non-contributing resource.$^{:11}$
# Only the Strong Survive

Only the Strong Survive may refer to:
* "Only the Strong Survive" (song), a song by Jerry Butler
* Only the Strong Survive (Bruce Springsteen album), an album by Bruce Springsteen
* Only the Strong Survive (Keith Frank album), an album by Keith Frank
* Only the Strong Survive, an album by Billy Paul
* Only The Strong Survive, a 1998 compilation album by REO Speedwagon
* Only The Strong Survive, a song by REO Speedwagon from Nine Lives
* Only The Strong Survive, a song by Gary Richrath from Only The Strong Survive
* Only the Strong Survive, a song by Bryan Adams from Into the Fire
* Only the Strong Survive, a song by Raven from Life's a Bitch
* Only the Strong Survive, a song by Laura Marling from Song for Our Daughter
* Only the Strong Survive, a 1995 film starring Cynthia Khan
* Only the Strong Survive, a 2002 documentary by D. A. Pennebaker
* "Only the Strong Survive", a song by Stuck Mojo from Pigwalk (1996)
See also:
# Lasse Lindbjerg

Lasse Lindbjerg (born 15 April 1992) is a retired Danish footballer, who played as a centre-back.
Lindbjerg has played for FC Vestsjælland, BK Frem, F.C. Copenhagen, AB Tårnby and Greve IF.

## Privat life

Lindbjerg was born in Roskilde Hospital. He has studied physical therapy.

## Club career
### FC Vestsjælland

After Lindbjergs contract expired in January 2014, he joined FC Vestsjælland in February 2014. Lindbjerg reasoned his transfer to FCV with, that it was difficult to be an youth player in FC Copenhagen, because he didn't get the chance on the first team, to show his qualities.
After 5 months and only 2 league games for FCV, he left the club.

### BK Frem

Lindbjerg joined BK Frem in the summer 2012. His first match for BK Frem was 12 August 2012 against Svebølle B&I, were Lindbjerg and BK Frem won 3-0.

### FC Copenhagen

In August 2014, Lindbjerg returned to FC Copenhagen, after playing a few friendly matches for FC Copenhagens reserve team. The agreement between FC Copenhagen and Lindbjerg was, that he could train with the first team squad, but he would be playing for the reserves, and playing the cup matches for the first team.
Lindbjerg got extended his contract until the summer 2015, and got moved permanently into the first team squad.

### AB Tårnby

After Lindbjerg didn't get his contract with FC Copenhagen extended, he signed a contract with new-promoted Danish 2nd Division club AB Tårnby· He wanted to play on a lower level, so he also could do his job as physiotherapist/physical trainer at the academy of FC Copenhagen.

### BK Frem

Lindbjerg joined Boldklubben Frem in February 2017, where he was supposed to play for their second team alongside his job at F.C. Copenhagen as a physical coach for the youth teams.

### Greve IF

During 2020, Lindbjerg played a few games for his former childhood club Greve IF. He made one official appearance in the Danish Cup, the rest of his appearances was in friendly games. He left the club again at the end of the year.

## Football physiotherapist

In June 2015, Lindbjerg started working as physiotherapist at the academy of FC Copenhagen, School of Excellence. He later also functioned as a physical coach and assistant coach in the youth sector.
In the 2018-19 season, he worked as a physiotherapist for the Danish Superliga team of Lyngby Boldklub, before returning to FC Copenhagen in the summer 2019.

## Honours
### Club
#### Copenhagen

* Danish Cup: 2014–15
# Louis XVIII column

The Louis XVIII column is a tall column in the Courgain area of Calais to commemorate the visit of King Louis XVIII to the city.

## History

After the fall of the First French Empire, Louis XVIII, solicited by a delegation from the town council to return to France via Calais, accepted because "it was the shortest way and he was in a hurry to get back home". The monument set up with his agreement in memory of his landing of 24 April 1814 bears a bronze plaque of the royal foot print and a commemorative text. Declared a historic monument in 1933 the column was removed in 1939 so as not to impede work on the port and was thus saved from destruction. Formed as stone blocks one above the other, it left its former site on the quay to be erected in 1965 at its current spot in the Courgain area of the city.
# William Turner (biographer)

William Turner (13 January 1788 - 30 December 1853) was an English Unitarian minister, known as a biographer.

## Life

Turner was born on 13 January 1788 in Newcastle, the son of Mary (1759–1797) and William Turner. He was educated at the University of Glasgow where he graduated with an MA in 1806, at Manchester College (then based in York), and at the University of Edinburgh (1808). From 1809 to 1827 he was tutor at Manchester College in mathematics and philosophy.
In February 1829 he became minister of Northgate End chapel, Halifax, where he was a promoter of educational and scientific culture. He died on 30 December 1853. He married (11 September 1817) Mercy Benton, niece of Newcome Cappe. No children.

## Works

He published sermons and tracts, including Remarks on the commonly received Doctrine of Atonement and Sacrifice (1830). His contributions to periodicals are sometimes signed V. N. [i.e. Vigilii Nepos]. His major work is Lives of Eminent Unitarians, 1840–43, 2 vols.
# Pullman–Standard Historic District

Pullman–Standard Historic District is a national historic district located at Hammond, Lake County, Indiana. The district encompasses 121 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in a predominantly residential section of Hammond. It developed between about 1916 and 1918, with some later additions, and includes notable example of Colonial Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman styles of residential architecture. Most of the homes were originally constructed by the United States Housing Corporation as Industrial Housing Project No. 457. There are three main housing types: Single-family dwellings, duplexes, and quadplexes.
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
# Sunrise, Okmulgee County, Oklahoma

Sunrise is an unincorporated place in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, at an elevation of 610 feet. It is located just to the east of Dewar.
This is not to be confused with the community of Sunrise in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, about 17 miles southwest of the city of Okmulgee and directly south of Dripping Springs Lake.
# Won Sei-hoon

Won Sei-hoon (born January 31, 1951) is a former South Korean public servant. Born in Yeongju, he obtained a Masters in Urban Administration from Hanyang University. In 2009, he was appointed the 10th Director of the National Intelligence Service. He was indicted in June 2013 for attempted interference in the 2012 South Korean presidential election by allegedly ordering an online misinformation campaign against opposition candidates. On January 22, 2014, he was found guilty for graft. He got a 2-year jail term and a fine of some 160 million won. In 2015, the Supreme Court returned to a lower court this ruling. On August 30, 2017, he was sentenced to four years in prison by the Seoul High Court.
# Lekoko (department)

Lekoko is a department of Haut-Ogooué Province in south-eastern Gabon. The capital lies at Bakoumba. It had a population of 4,920 in 2013. The president of Lekoko was .
# Arne Ekeberg

Arne Ekeberg (born 1925) is a Norwegian judge and civil servant.
Ekeberg was born in Fusa and graduated from the University of Oslo with a cand.jur. degree in 1950. After one year as a junior solicitor, he worked in the Ministry of Local Government from 1952 to 1956. During this period, he also had brief tenures as deputy judge in Hardanger District Court and secretary for the County Governor of Hordaland.
From 1956 to 1976, Ekeberg was a chief administrative officer of Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality. He was also acting County Governor of Sogn og Fjordane from 1971 to 1976, as the person who originally had been appointed, Ingvald Ulveseth, had to serve as a cabinet member. From 1976 to his retirement in 1995, Ekeberg was the district stipendiary magistrate of Sogn District Court. He filled in as an auxiliary judge in Gulating Court of Appeal between 1995 and 1998.
He resides in Leikanger.
# Danila Sotnikov

Danila Sotnikov (Данила Сотников; born 2 November 1993) is a Russian-Italian Greco-Roman wrestler who currently competes at 130 kilograms.

## Wrestling career

He won the silver medal at the 2022 European Wrestling Championships in Budapest, Hungary, losing 4–0 to Turkey's Rıza Kayaalp in the final match of the 130 kg in the Greco-Roman style.
He won one of the bronze medals in the 130 kg event at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.