# Thomas McMillan (Canadian politician)

Thomas Michael McMillan, PC (born October 15, 1945) is a Canadian political scientist and former politician who served as Minister of the Environment from 1985 to 1988. A member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hillsborough from 1979 until 1988. McMillan is a graduate of St. Dunstan's University (now part of the University of Prince Edward Island) and Queen's University, where he earned a master's in political studies.

## Biography

McMillan was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.
Prior to entering electoral politics, in the late 1970s, McMillan was, successively, policy secretary to Robert Stanfield, Leader of the Official Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons; an executive officer of the Ontario Human Rights Commission; and Senior Research Associate of the national Commission on Canadian Studies, established by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC).
McMillan was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1979 general election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Hillsborough, Prince Edward Island. He was re-elected in the 1980 and 1984 elections. He served as Deputy House Leader from 1983 to 1984 under Leader of the Opposition Brian Mulroney.
He became increasingly active in such preservation causes in Prince Edward Island. These included the restoration of a unique pre-Confederation brick powder magazine—located in Brighton Compound in Charlottetown—the demolition of which the Canadian Army had begun until McMillan led a public campaign to stop it.
Following the Tory landslide in the 1984 general election, Mulroney appointed McMillan to Cabinet as Minister of State for tourism.

### Environment minister

In 1985, McMillan was named Minister of the Environment, replacing the controversial Suzanne Blais-Grenier.
As Environment minister, McMillan spearheaded the Mulroney government's creation of five new national parks (Ellesmere Island, Pacific Rim, Bruce Peninsula, Gwaii Haanas, and Grasslands); ushered the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, (CEPA) through parliament; overhauled the Canadian National Parks Act; launched a major national program to combat acid rain from all sources (both industry and transportation); slashed allowable motor-vehicle nitrogen oxide exhaust emission levels in Canada; outlawed lead in motor vehicle gasoline; assembled, and then chaired, in 1987, the world conference that produced the milestone Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, described by then-United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan as "perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date." He also hosted the landmark 1988 World Climate Change Conference, in Toronto.
In the spring of 1988, McMillan was Graves Lecturer and Hoyt Fellow at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

### Out of office

McMillan remained Environment minister until he was defeated in the 1988 general election due to opposition to the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement among his constituents. In August 1989, McMillan was appointed Canada's consul-general to Boston.

### Recognition

For McMillan's national and global environmental leadership, he was named by Outdoor Canada magazine, in 1990, one of three people who, in the previous decade, "did the most to protect Canada's natural environment;" the U.S. Sierra Club bestowed on him, in 1988, its prestigious Edgar Wayburn Award; he received, also in 1988, the Canadian Governor General's Conservation Award; and, in 1992, he was awarded the Governor General's Canada Medal for "distinguished service to Canada."
In the autumn of 1990, McMillan was Distinguished Lecturer, Distinguished Lecturer Series, International Institute for Protected Areas Management, at the Universities of both Alberta and Calgary. In June 2019, at its annual Gala Awards Dinner, Corporate Knights ("The Company for Clean Capitalism," which represents Fortune 500-type companies committed to sustainable development) bestowed on McMillan its Award of Distinction for his pivotal role in the Montreal Protocol.
McMillan was awarded an honorary doctorate by Bridgewater State University in 1993 for—in the words of its president, Dr. Adrian Tinsley -- "significant accomplishment on behalf of Canada in support of strong, enduring Canadian-American cooperation and ties."
After leaving the Environment portfolio, he remained active in international, national, and local issues alike, including built heritage preservation.

### Later political career

He maintained his involvement in politics, and attempted unsuccessfully to regain his seat in the 1993 general election. At the urging of the new Progressive Conservative Party leader, Jean Charest, a close friend and former Mulroney government Cabinet colleague, McMillan reluctantly attempted another comeback, this time in the 1997 general election, in the riding of Peterborough, Ontario, but was defeated by Liberal candidate Peter Adams and by the Reform Party's Nancy Branscombe.

### Writing

Among his many publications is, with other authors, Tom Symons: A Canadian Life (Ottawa University Press: 2011), the professional biography of Trent University's founding president, edited by historian Dr. Ralph Heintzman. Among private sector and community services, McMillan has been chairman of the Book and Periodical Development Council of Canada and headed the Canadian Chamber of Commerce Task Force on the Environment and Economy.
McMillan wrote a bestselling book (Maclean's magazine list for several weeks), part memoir and part political analysis, entitled Not My Party: The Rise and Fall of Canadian Tories from Robert Stanfield to Stephen Harper, published by Nimbus Publishing in 2016.

## Archives

There is a Tom McMillan fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

## Electoral record

1997 Canadian federal election: Peterborough :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Peter Adams | 25,594 | 46.5 | -1.0 |
| | Reform | Nancy Branscombe | 15,759 | 28.7 | +5.4 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Tom Macmillan | 8,757 | 15.9 | -4.1 |
| | New Democratic | Fred Birket | 4,874 | 8.9 | +3.6 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 54,984 | 100.0 |
vte1993 Canadian federal election: Hillsborough :
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Liberal | George Proud | 11,976 | 60.57 |
| Progressive Conservative | Thomas McMillan | 5,269 | 26.65 |
| New Democratic | Dody Crane | 1,143 | 5.78 |
| Reform | Freeman T. Whitty | 744 | 3.76 |
| National | Dave Patterson | 350 | 1.77 |
| Christian Heritage | Baird Judson | 167 | 0.84 |
| Natural Law | Peter Cameron | 123 | 0.62 |
vte1988 Canadian federal election: Hillsborough :
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Liberal | George Proud | 8,897 | 43.68 |
| Progressive Conservative | Thomas McMillan | 8,638 | 42.41 |
| New Democratic | Dody Crane | 1,984 | 5.78 |
| Independent | David Weale | 569 | 2.79 |
| Christian Heritage | Baird Judson | 281 | 1.38 |
vte1984 Canadian federal election: Hillsborough :
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Progressive Conservative | Thomas McMillan | 9,158 | 53.20 |
| Liberal | Gerry Birt | 6,768 | 39.32 |
| New Democratic | David Burke | 846 | 4.91 |
| Independent | Big John Muise | 323 | 1.88 |
| Independent | Izzurd Goat McFadden | 82 | 0.48 |
| Green | David Daughton | 37 | 0.21 |
vte1980 Canadian federal election: Hillsborough :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Progressive Conservative | Thomas McMillan | 7,128 | 47.66 |
| | Liberal | Gerry Birt | 6,555 | 43.83 |
| | New Democratic | Bob Crockett | 1,245 | 8.32 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Kathryn Schmidt | 28 | 0.19 |
| lop.parl.ca |||||||
vte1979 Canadian federal election: Hillsborough :
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Progressive Conservative | Thomas McMillan | 8,338 | 54.99 |
| Liberal | Gordon Tweedy | 5,319 | 35.08 |
| New Democratic | Bob Crockett | 1,453 | 9.58 |
| Libertarian | Garry Anstett | 54 | 0.36 |