OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhodacanthis

Rhodacanthis, commonly known as the koa finches, is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae. All four species were endemic to Hawaii.

## Habitat and diet

Members of this genus were granivores, with bills adapted to the seeds and pods of legumes. The two species that became extinct in the 1890s, R. flaviceps and R. palmeri, inhabited upper elevation mesic forests dominated by koa (Acacia koa) on the island of Hawaiʻi. Both were large birds; R. flaviceps measured 19 cm (7.5 in), while R. palmeri was 23 cm (9.1 in) in length. The combination of a giant bill with brightly colored plumage (yellow for R. flaviceps, orange for R. palmeri) gave the males a very striking appearance. Koa seeds were the preferred food for the two species, but caterpillars were taken if necessary. The two prehistoric species, R. forfex and R. litotes, were denizens of more lowland tropical dry forests and shrublands on Kauaʻi, Maui, and Oʻahu. It is speculated that koaiʻa (Acacia koaia) was an important food source for both species, as their range did not overlap with that of koa. Kanaloa (Kanaloa spp.) pods and ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa) berries were probably also eaten in addition to the occasional caterpillar.

## Species

* Rhodacanthis flaviceps Rothschild, 1892 – lesser koa finch (extinct, 1891)
* Rhodacanthis forfex James & Olson, 2005 – scissor-billed koa finch (prehistoric)
* Rhodacanthis litotes James & Olson, 2005 – primitive koa finch (prehistoric)
* Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild, 1892 – greater koa finch (extinct, 1896)
# Edward C. Lawson

Edward C. Lawson (born 1946 or 1947) was an African American civil rights activist, who was the respondent in the case of Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983), in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that a California statute authorizing a police officer to arrest a person for refusing to present identification was unconstitutionally vague.

## Personal life

Aside from his landmark supreme court case, very few biographical details are known about Lawson, a man described by the Los Angeles Times as "mysterious, even secretive". Said to the owner of a San Francisco-based business in 1982, he was reportedly a vegetarian, and claimed that he was entirely sober, refusing all drugs and alcohol. In 1993, he avoided discussing "exactly how he makes a living", only indicating that by then, he ran a business in Los Angeles and was a member of the Screen Actors Guild.

## Civil rights case

Lawson is a protagonist in Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983), a significant civil rights case. Between 1975 and 1977, while living in San Diego, Lawson was arrested fifteen times for violating a California law which made illegal "wander[ing] upon the streets" and failing to provide identity when prompted by a peace officer. He believed that his arrests were racial discrimination, noting that he was an African-American man who went for walks in his mostly white neighborhood. He challenged the constitutionality of the law in court, and in 1983 the Supreme Court ruled that the statute was unconstitutionally vague in the latitude it provided police to determine what constituted a violation.
This case is of historical importance not only because the California statute was voided, but also because it is one of the few examples of an ordinary citizen successfully representing himself all the way through a U.S. District Court. By the time the case arrived at the Supreme Court, he was represented by attorney Robert H. Lynn, through the American Civil Liberties Union. Lawson received political support at the time from prominent Black leaders including Jesse Jackson, activist/comedian Dick Gregory, U.S. Congresswoman Maxine Waters D-Los Angeles, U.S. Congressman John Conyers D-Detroit.
In 1983, Carl Stern, the CBS Evening News U.S. Supreme Court reporter commented that this case was the most reported U.S. Supreme Court case that year. Stern was referring to front-page newspaper articles in The New York Times, The Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, The Miami Herald, Los Angeles Times as well as articles in Newsweek, Time, Fortune, The Village Voice and other news publications. Additionally, Lawson made repeated appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Phil Donahue Show, Larry King Live, Crossfire, The Ricki Lake Show, The Today Show, and Good Morning America.
Harvard University law professor Laurence Tribe commented during an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show that this case was the last time that the U.S. Supreme Court had decided in favor of a defendant in a civil rights case of this magnitude.
California Penal Code § 647(e) was repealed by the California Legislature in 2008.
# J. D. Allen

J. D. Allen III (born John Daniel Allen III, December 11, 1972) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist and composer.

## Career

After moving to New York City, Allen played with George Cables, Betty Carter, Ron Carter, Jack DeJohnette, Frank Foster, Butch Morris, David Murray, and Wallace Roney. Closer to his generation, he has played with Lucian Ban, Cindy Blackman, Gerald Cleaver, Dave Douglas, Orrin Evans, Duane Eubanks, Marcus Gilmore, Russell Gunn, Winard Harper, Elisabeth Kontomanou, Meshell Ndegeocello, Jeremy Pelt, Eric Revis.
Allen's first solo album, In Search Of (Red Records, 1999), led to his selection as Best New Artist in Italy. In 2003, his second album (Pharaoh's Children) was chosen as a top ten album of the year by Jazziz magazine. Ten years later he was named best composer and best tenor saxophonist in the Critics' Poll at DownBeat magazine. A critic at NPR picked his album Victory (Sunnyside, 2011) for the number three spot in the top twenty albums of 2011. Allen also works under the pseudonyms "Bigger Thomas" and "Cross Damon".

## Discography
### As leader

* In Search Of (Red, 1999)
* Pharaoh's Children (Criss Cross, 2003)
* I Am I Am (Sunnyside, 2008)
* Shine! (Sunnyside, 2009)
* Victory! (Sunnyside, 2011)
* The Matador and the Bull (Savant, 2012)
* Grace (Savant, 2013)
* Bloom (Savant, 2014)
* Graffiti (Savant, 2015)
* Americana: Musings on Jazz and Blues (Savant, 2016)
* Radio Flyer (Savant, 2017)
* Love Stone (Savant, 2018)
* Barracoon (Savant, 2019)
* Toys / Die Dreaming (Savant, 2020)
* Queen City (Savant, 2021)
* Americana, Vol. 2 (Savant, 2022)
* This (Savant, 2023)
* The Dark, The Light, The Grey and the Colorful (Savant, 2024)

### As co-leader

* Red Stars (2004) with Victor Lewis and Fabio Morgera

### As sideman

With Cindy Blackman
* Works on Canvas (2000)
* Someday... (2001)
* Music for the New Millennium (2006)
With Orrin Evans
* The Band – Live at Widener University (2005)
* Easy Now (2005)
* Liberation Blues (2014)
With Winard Harper
* Trap Dancer (1998)
* Winard (1999)
With Lisa Hilton
* Twilight & Blues (2009)
* Underground (2011)
* American Impressions (2012)
* Kaleidoscope (2014)
* Horizons (2015)
* Nocturnal (2016)
* Escapism (2017)
* Chalkboard Destiny (2019)
* life is beautiful (2022)
With Fabio Morgera
* Slick (1998)
* Colors (2000)
With Jeremy Pelt
* November (2008)
* Men of Honor (2010)
* The Talented Mr. Pelt (2011)
* Soul (2012)
With Tarbaby
* Tarbaby (2009)
* The End of Fear (2010)
With others
* Duane Eubanks, Second Take (1998)
* Elisabeth Kontomanou, Embrace (1998)
* Russell Gunn, Blue on the D.L. (2002)
* Eric Revis, Tales of a Stuttering Mime (2004)
* Kerem Görsev, New York Days (2005)
* Lucian Ban, The Tuba Project (2005)
* Stacy Dillard, cPhyve (2006)
* Stacy Dillard, Elite State of Mind (2006)
* Nigel Kennedy, Blue Note Sessions (2006)
* Gerald Cleaver, Detroit (2007)
* Ozan Musluoglu, 40th Day (2011)
* Jaimeo Brown, Transcendence (2013)
* DJ Clockwork,
* Bootsy Collins,
* Kris Davis, Diatom Ribbons (2019)
* Erick Wyatt, The Golden Rule: For Sonny (2019)
* Gregg August, Dialogues On Race (2020)
* Quincy Davis, Q Vision (2020)
# Peter Dunnill

Peter Dunnill, OBE, FREng (20 May 1938 – 10 August 2009), was a British pioneer in biochemical engineering and professor at the University College London (UCL), University of London.

## Life

Dunnill was born in Harrow, London on 20 May 1938. He studied at the College of North West London. Dunnill self-learned French and German, and obtained his BSc in chemistry from the University College London.
Dunnill continued his study and research at the Royal Institution (RI) where he obtained his PhD in protein crystallography under Nobel Prize laureate Lawrence Bragg. He worked at the Sir John Cass College (now the London Guildhall University).
Dunnill spent his entire academic career at UCL, first as a lecturer in physical methods at the Department of Biology of UCL, and the position of Professor of Biochemical Engineering before his death. He was lecturer (1969), reader (1979), and professor (1984) in biochemical engineering at UCL. Dunnill was a founder of the Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering at UCL.

## Recognitions

Dunnill was elected to the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) in 1994. Dunnill was made a Fellow of UCL in 1981. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (elected in 1979), Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (elected in 1981), and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Dunnill was awarded the Donald medal by the Institution of Chemical Engineers in 1995, and was appointed OBE for his services to biochemical engineering in 1999.

## Extra information

* The Lancet: Peter Dunnill
Obituaries from major media:
* The Times Online: Professor Peter Dunnill: biochemical engineer
* The Guardian: Peter Dunnill obituary
* The Times Higher Education: Obituary: Peter Dunnill, 1938-2009
# His Only Son (1912 film)

His Only Son is a 1912 American short silent Western film co-starring Wallace Reid and Dorothy Davenport. It was directed by Jack Conway and Milton H. Fahrney.

## Cast

* Wallace Reid
* Dorothy Davenport
* Jack Conway
* Victoria Forde
* Hoot Gibson
# Hix

Hix or HIX may refer to:

## People

* DJ Hix, Northern Irish DJ
* Hix McCanless (1868–?), American architect
* H. L. Hix (born 1960), American poet
* Mark Hix (born 1962), English chef
* Simon Hix (born 1968), British political scientist

## Places
### United States

* Hix, Georgia, an unincorporated community
* Hix, McDowell County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Hix, Summers County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community

### France

* Hix, a village in Bourg-Madame

## Other uses

* Health insurance exchange, in the United States
* Hixkaryana language, spoken in Brazil
* Jake Hix, a character in All the Wrong Questions
# Guido Sinclair

Sinclair Greenwell Jr. (December 1935 - July 7, 1992) was an American jazz alto saxophonist. He was also known as Guido Sinclair, Sonny Harrison, and Junnie. He performed in Los Angeles, Chicago, and Champaign-Urbana, Illinois.

## Biography

Sinclair Greenwell was born in December 1935 in Fort Worth, Texas. He moved to Los Angeles, California in 1944. At Lafayette Junior High School he practiced Charlie Parker solos and met pianist Horace Tapscott. Greenwell and Tapscott formed a band with trumpeter Roy Brewster and drummer Charles Pendergraff while they attended Jefferson High School. Greenwell was a founding member of Tapscott's Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra in 1961 and played in the group until the mid-1980s. He moved to Chicago to be with his father. Later, he moved to Champaign-Urbana, Illinois and married harpist Shirley Blankenship. When he lived in Champaign-Urbana, Greenwell wrote many musical papers and performed. These papers include his compositions and records of advertisements from his performances. He performed frequently at Nature's Table.
# Ken Burke (rugby union)

John Kenneth Burke (26 June 1906 – 5 October 1966) was an Australian rugby union player.
Born in Newcastle, Burke learned his rugby during his years at St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, before finishing his schooling in Bathurst, where he attended St Stanislaus' College.
Burke, a left-footed fullback, joined Wanderers on his return to Newcastle in 1925. He represented a NSW XV which faced the touring 1926 New Zealand team and was a state reserve, backing up Alex Ross during their matches against the All Blacks (which were retrospectively considered Wallabies internationals). Only one fullback was selected for the 1927–28 Waratahs tour, with Ross preferred over Burke. He was a member of an Australian XV in 1929, playing a match against New Zealand, then sat as a Wallabies reserve for the final Test in Sydney.
During World War II, Burke served as a commando in Ethiopia.
# .gd

.gd is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Grenada.

## March 2013 dispute over ownership of the .vg, .tc, and .gd registries

Domain name registrars such as GoDaddy have stopped accepting new registrations for .vg, .tc and .gd domain names since March 2013. This is the result of a dispute over the ownership and control of AdamsNames Ltd. which had been the accredited registry by the IANA for those top level domains. A former partner of AdamsNames Ltd. created a new company Meridian Ltd. which claimed to be the new accredited registry.

## May 2013 freeze of the .gd zone

The National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (NTRC) made the decision to move the .gd zone under the management of KSRegistry, running as nicGD, as of 1 May 2013. This was to ensure the integrity of the zone and to allow it remain in control and under the responsibility of the NTRC. KSRegistry, as a result of acquiring the zone, had to resolve any discrepancies that may have occurred during the dispute and chose to freeze the zone from changes until May 21, 2013. Since then, the zone has been re-opened with new policies.
# Eudendrium vaginatum

Eudendrium vaginatum is a marine species of cnidaria, a hydroid (Hydrozoa) in the family Eudendriidae.
# Dichelonyx diluta

Dichelonyx diluta is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.

## Distribution

It is found in North America.
# Satulah Mountain Historic District

The Satulah Mountain Historic District is a residential historic district in Highlands, North Carolina. It is located in the southwestern part of the city, bounded on the north and west by Walhalla Road, on the east by properties on Satulah Road. The area is located on the slopes of Satulah Mountain, and was most significantly developed in the early decades of the 20th century, although the earliest development took place not long after Highlands was founded in 1875. There are a number of log houses, and rustic styling using log and fieldstone elements is common in the area. Many houses have Craftsman features.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
# Sam Morrison

Sam Morrison (b. New York, 1952) is an American jazz saxophonist, flutist, and composer, who replaced Sonny Fortune in Miles Davis's band in 1975. Davis supposedly said, "I haven't heard that much fire on the saxophone since 'Trane was in my band". He is of partly Ukrainian heritage, two of his grandparents having originated in Pereiaslav, near Kyiv.
In 1976, the then 24-year-old saxophonist released Dune for Inner City Records (America) and East Wind Records (Japan). The album features Al Foster and Buster Williams. It was reissued on CD in 2003. Morrison also appears on Foster's 1978 Mixed Roots album.
A second album, Natural Layers (Chiaroscuro Records), followed the next year, featuring Narada Michael Walden.
Morrison, who specializes in the soprano saxophone and alto flute (also playing tenor saxophone and bass flute), has also played with Gil Evans, Woody Shaw, Andrew Cheshire, and Japanese jazz musicians Masabumi Kikuchi, Terumasa Hino and Ryo Kawasaki.
He graduated from Columbia University, where he played in a band with Armen Donelian and Marc Copland.
Morrison lives in Livingston Manor, Sullivan County, New York.
# Zwei Choralphantasien, Op. 40

Zwei Choralphantasien (two chorale fantasias), Op. 40, are fantasias for organ by Max Reger. He composed the fantasias in 1899 on two chorales: "Wie schön leucht't uns der Morgenstern" and "Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn" They were published by Musikverlag Josef Aibl [de] in Munich in May 1900.

## Background

Reger was raised Catholic but was fascinated by the variety of melodies of Protestant hymns, and used quotations from them throughout his life. He composed seven chorale fantasias in Weiden between 1898 and 1900, inspired by a fantasia on "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern", Op. 25 (1895) of his teacher Heinrich Reimann. Reger's fantasias follow Reimann's model of setting individual stanzas, connected by interludes. Reger's works often end in a culminating fugue.

## No. 1

The text of the first chorale was written and composed by Philipp Nicolai, published in 1599. Reger composed the fantasia in Erbendorf and Weiden, in September and October 1899, and dedicated it to Friedrich Spitta. It was first performed in Wesel on 24 October 1899 by Karl Straube. Reger described his fantasia as a program music work (Programmmusikwerk). It was the Reger's first chorale fantasias to end with a Choralapotheose (chorale apotheosis), following 19th-century symphonic conclusions.

## No. 2

The text of the second chorale is a paraphrase of Psalm 6 by Johann Georg Albinus. Reger composed the fantasia in Weiden in November and December 1899, dedicated to Paul Gerhardt. It was first performed in Brünn on 24 June 1900 by Otto Burkert [de].

## Autographs

The Max-Reger-Institute holds the autographs of both fantasias.

## Editions

* Reger, Max. Sämtliche Orgelwerke. Vol. Band 6. Choralfantasien. Wiesbaden/Leipzig/Paris: Breitkopf & Härtel. pp. 91–147.
# Central State Hospital (Kentucky)

Central State Hospital is a 192-bed adult psychiatric hospital located in the Lakeland neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky.

## History

In 1869, 200 acres were purchased by the Kentucky State Legislature from the descendants of renown frontiersman Issac Hite to establish a "State House of Reform for Juvenile Delinquents." This was located on the outskirts of what would become Anchorage, Kentucky. In 1873, due to overcrowding at both of Kentucky's mental hospitals, the House of Reform was converted into the Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, with Dr. C.C. Forbes as its first Superintendent. The following year an act of the legislature renamed it the Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum. In late 1887, it received its own post office, called simply "Asylum". The following year its name was changed to "Lakeland", and the institution was commonly referred to as "Lakeland Hospital" or "Lakeland Asylum". By 1900, its official name had been changed to the Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane. By 1912 it was known as Central State Hospital. Comparable institutions are Eastern State Hospital at Lexington in Fayette County and Western State Hospital at Hopkinsville, Christian County, Kentucky. All three were administered by the Board of Charitable Organizations.
The secluded, rural setting was typical of such facilities in the late 19th century, as such an environment was thought to be beneficial for recovery from mental illness. However, not all patients had mental disorders - some suffered from brain damage, mental retardation or were simply poor or elderly. The early years of the 1880s were marked by repeated allegations of patient abuse. In 1879, Dr. Robert H. Gale was appointed superintendent. In 1882, conduct was investigated in the "ducking" or near drowning death of a patient. He was later exonerated of the charges. Gale was followed by H. K. Pusey in 1884.
Throughout Central States history, the institution suffered from improper funding, understaffing, and overcrowding. Though built to accommodate 1,600 patients, by 1940 there were in excess of 2,400 patients and again various accusations of patient mistreatment began to arise. However, starting in the 1950s, changing community perception of the mentally disturbed led to fewer patients staying permanently in mental hospitals. In 1962, $3,000,000 was allowed by the state to construct more modern facilities on LaGrange Road. Many of these are still standing.
In 1986, a new modern administration facility was completed on property adjacent to the 1960s buildings. The original hospital and surviving structures on what was called "the North Campus" were subsequently abandoned and demolished in the late 1990s.
It is unknown how many deceased patients are buried on the hospital grounds, though over 900 death certificates exist denoting burial in both of the hospitals cemeteries.
# Children's Dispensary

Children's Dispensary, also known as Hansel Center, is a historic hospital building located at South Bend, St. Joseph County, Indiana. The main building was built in 1925, and is a two-story, "T"-plan, Classical Revival style brick building with limestone trim. Also on the property are the contributing garage and surrounding wall dated to the 1910s. The dispensary provided a comprehensive program of general medical care to disadvantaged children.$^{:5–6}$ The building was renovated in 2012 to house the Notre Dame Center for Arts and Culture.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
# Children's Hospital & Medical Center

Children's Nebraska (formerly Children's Hospital & Medical Center Omaha) is a non-profit regional pediatric specialty health care center located in Omaha, Nebraska. The 243-bed hospital is the only free-standing children's hospital in Nebraska and serves patients from throughout its home state, western Iowa, South Dakota, northern Kansas and northwestern Missouri. The hospital provides more than 50 pediatric specialty clinics for a variety of specialized needs including asthma, cardiology, neurology, pediatric cancer, neonatal intensive care follow-up, diabetes, and physical, occupational, and speech therapies. The hospital also offers the Carolyn Scott Rainbow House, a home-away-from-home for families of patients.

## History

Children's Nebraska opened as Children's Memorial Hospital on March 14, 1948. The institution was founded by Dr. C.W.M. Poynter, dean of the University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Henry Doorly, publisher of the Omaha World-Herald. The men shared a vision that no child in need of medical care would be turned away due to an inability to pay. Shortly after opening, a polio epidemic engulfed the nation and the region.
The first facility was built at 42nd and Dewey in Midtown Omaha at the cost of $850,000. Funded by a community-wide penny drive, more than 30,000 people in Nebraska and western Iowa made additional contributions, as well. The hospital moved to the corner of 83rd and Dodge Street in 1981, and nineteen years later, in 2000, the hospital moved to a state-of-the-art facility at 8200 Dodge Street, across the road from its previous location. An expansion effort to address a growing need for pediatric specialty outpatient care culminated in the opening of the Children's Specialty Pediatric Center, adjacent to the main hospital building, in 2010.
In October 2023, Children's Hospital & Medical Center (as it was known by then) changed its name to Children's Nebraska.

## Awards

The Children's Hospital & Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska has been recognized as one of the leading pediatric hospitals and has been awarded the 2019 Women's Choice Award for Best Children's Hospitals.