OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hankasalmi

Hankasalmi is a municipality of Finland, located in the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 4,515 (31 October 2024) and covers an area of 687.75 square kilometres (265.54 sq mi) of which 115.89 km$^2$ (44.75 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (20/sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Hankasalmi is the only authentic rural municipality in Jyväskylä, that offers its inhabitants and guests a wide range of opportunities in the housing, work and leisure sectors. Comprehensive services and good transport links by highway and rail ensure smooth handling. Hankasalmi has several elementary schools, a high school, and a high school where you can take part in high-level navigation training.

## Geography

Neighbouring municipalities are Kangasniemi, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Pieksämäki, Rautalampi and Toivakka.
There are all together 97 lakes in Hankasalmi. The biggest lakes are Kynsivesi-Leivonvesi, Armisvesi and Kuuhankavesi.

### Villages

* Halttula

## History

The name Hankasalmi was first mentioned in 1552 when it was a wilderness owned by the Tavastians of Hauho. The settlement has existed at least since 1559. In 1561, it was transferred to the new Rautalampi parish, which was largely settled by Savonians.
Hankasalmi became an independent parish in 1802, but administratively it remained a part of Rautalampi until 1872, when the modern Hankasalmi municipality was formed. Parts of it were also taken from Pieksämäki, Kangasniemi and Laukaa.

## Notable individuals

* Aimo Minkkinen, longtime head of the Tampere Lenin Museum
* Antero Halonen, boxer
* Kaarlo Kartio, actor
* Kalevi Tarvainen, linguist and professor
* Kari Ihalainen, javelin thrower and track and field coach
* Lauri W. Pääkkönen, elementary school teacher and writer
* Matti A. Karjalainen, professor at the Helsinki University of Technology
* Matti Makkonen, politician
* Matti Rutanen, folk artist
* Mika Mölsä, crime journalist and fiction writer
* Niina Mäkinen, ice hockey player
* Onni Haini, journalist and writer
* Onni Pellinen, Olympic wrestler
* Paavo Rautkallio, politician
* Unto Poikolainen, Pesäpallo player
* Vilho Ylönen, cross-country skier and rifle shooter

## Twin towns - sister cities

Hankasalmi is twinned with:
* Häädemeeste, Estonia
* Karmøy, Norway
* Mjölby, Sweden
# Palaeoryx

Palaeoryx was a genus of bovid that lived during the Miocene epoch.

## Geographic range

Fossils of P. minor are known from Greece.
# Desperate Measures (song)

"Desperate Measures" is a song recorded by Canadian pop rock band Marianas Trench. It was released on July 4, 2012, as the third single on their third studio album Ever After. The song peaked on the Canadian Hot 100 chart at number 20 on the week of August 11, 2012 and was certified triple platinum in Canada in March 2023.

## Background

The track was written and produced by Josh Ramsay. MTV describes "Desperate Measures" as a power pop song. The song earned 2 nominations at the 2013 MuchMusic Video Awards for "Video of the Year" and "Pop Video of the Year" and they performed the song live at the award show. The performance was choreographed by Nicole Arbour.
In 2025, this song was used on the eighth episode of the fifth season of Canada's Drag Race as a lip sync battle between Makayla Couture and Perla.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2013 | "Desperate Measures" | MMVAs Video of the Year | Nominated |
| 2013 | "Desperate Measures" | MMVAs Pop Video of the Year | Won |

## Music video

The music video for "Desperate Measures" was released on July 4, 2012. It was directed by Kyle Davison and it is the follow-up from the "Fallout" music video of a five-video storyline accompanying the backstory of their album Ever After.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 3× Platinum | 240,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Edward L. Wilson

Edward L. Wilson (born 1931) is an American civil engineer and academic known for his contributions to the development of finite element method. He was the T. Y. and Margaret Lin Professor in Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and is professor emeritus, civil and environmental engineering, UC Berkeley. Wilson is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a recipient of the John von Neumann Award.
Wilson is considered to be one of the early pioneers in the field of finite element analysis and its applications. He is credited with having written the first widely accepted computer package for structural analysis (SAP) and co-authored the widely cited book in FEM, "Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis", with Klaus-Jurgen Bathe.
Born September 5, 1931, in Ferndale, California, Wilson received his B.S., M.S., and D.Eng. degrees from the University of California, Berkeley in 1955, 1959, and 1963, respectively. He earned the master's and a doctoral degree under Ray W. Clough.
# Selective enforcement

In law, selective enforcement occurs when government officials (such as police officers, prosecutors, or regulators) exercise discretion, which is the power to choose whether or how to punish a person who has violated the law. The biased use of enforcement discretion, such as that based on racial prejudice or corruption, is usually considered a legal abuse and a threat to the rule of law.
This concept is closely related to prosecutorial discretion. There is a divide between countries where prosecutions are inherently discretionary (known as the opportunity principle) and where prosecutions are mandatory (known as the legality principle). In addition, in some countries prosecutors operate independently with more discretion vs in a hierarchical system that require more conformity.
In some cases, selective enforcement may be desirable. For example, a verbal warning to a teenager may effectively alter their behavior without resorting to legal punishment and with the added benefit of reducing governmental legal costs. In other cases, selective enforcement may be inevitable. For example, it may be impractical for police officers to issue traffic tickets to every driver they observe exceeding the speed limit, so they may have no choice but to limit action to the most flagrant examples of reckless driving.
The dangers of selective enforcement lie in its potential to undermine the fundamental principles of justice and equality. When laws are enforced inconsistently, it can lead to arbitrary outcomes, favoritism, and unequal treatment under the law. Individuals from marginalized communities may face harsher penalties, while others escape accountability due to their social status or connections.

## United States

In the United States, the principle of discretion grants public prosecutors and police significant latitude in deciding whether to charge someone with a crime and which charges to file. Therefore, the mere fact that a law is selectively enforced against one person and not against another, absent bias or pattern of enforcement against a constitutionally-protected class is not illegal.

### Immigration law

Selective enforcement has become a topic of great discussion in the illegal immigration debate. The 2011 "Morton Memo" laid out enforcement priorities for the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and was intended to channel limited resources into prioritized pursuit of cases involving criminals and felons. It was interpreted as the waiver of active prosecution of non-criminal illegal aliens and the exclusive focus on criminal illegal aliens. Enforcement priorities were further defined by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which started in 2012. This uses the executive branch's discretionary authority to grant certain people who were illegally brought to the United States as minors the temporary authorization to live and work in the United States.
# Tetyana Hamera-Shmyrko

Tetyana Hamera (Ukrainian: Тетяна Гамера-Шмирко; born 1 June 1983) is a Ukrainian long-distance runner. She represented her country at the 2012 Olympics in London, finishing fifth in the women's marathon. This result was among her many performances from 2011 to 2015 later annulled due to her conviction for doping.

## Biography

Born in Ternopil, Gamera started her career in athletics as a middle-distance runner. After 2009 she began to compete over longer distances and began to have her first successes. She placed fourth over 5000 metres at the Ukrainian Championship in 2010, running a time of 16:16.55, and placed third at the Koscian half marathon. She made her debut in the marathon the following year and her win at the Cracovia Marathon in a time of 2:28:14 brought her selection for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, where she managed 15th place. This result was among her many performances from 2011 to 2015 later annulled due to her conviction for doping.
The 2012 season was a career breakthrough for Gamera. She broke the Ukrainian record at the Osaka Women's Marathon with a run of 2:24:46, ending the race as runner-up to Risa Shigetomo. After that, she ran a series of personal bests: she ran 33:25 at the World's Best 10K, 1:12:15 at the Prague Half Marathon, and 32:50.13 for the 10,000 metres at the Prefontaine Classic. Yet another followed at her first Olympics for Ukraine as she performed beyond expectations to take fifth place at the 2012 London Olympics in another national record time of 2:24:32. All of these results were among her many performances from 2011 to 2015 later annulled due to her conviction for doping.
In January 2013 she won the Osaka International Ladies Marathon in a personal best time of 2:23:58, although her run was not a national record as Olena Shurhno had since improved that time to 2:23:32. This result was among her many performances from 2011 to 2015 later annulled due to her conviction for doping.
Gamera claimed a second consecutive Osaka International Ladies Marathon title in January 2014, winning in a time of 2:24:37. She won a third consecutive Osaka Marathon in January 2015, with a winning time of 2:22:09, a national record time. This result was among her many performances from 2011 to 2015 later annulled due to her conviction for doping.

### Disqualification

On 25 November 2015, Gamera was disqualified by the Ukrainian Athletic Federation starting from 30 September 2015 until 29 September 2019 due to doping rules violations. All her results from 26 August 2011 to 30 September 2015 were annulled, including the national record of 2:22:09, set at the Osaka Marathon in January 2015. Throughout this period she was represented by agent Andrey Baranov.

## Personal bests

| Event | Result (h:min:s) |
| 10,000 m | 0:34:14.00 |
| Half marathon | 1:14:32 |
| Marathon | 2:28:14 |
# WXZQ

WXZQ (100.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a conservative talk format serving Piketon, Ohio and Waverly, Ohio. The station is currently owned by Total Media Group Inc.
In July 2003, the station changed to a contemporary hit radio radio format from the previous adult contemporary format. On September 17, 2024, the station dropped their top 40/CHR radio format, transitioning to conservative talk radio and rebranding themselves as 100.1 WXZQ - The Eagle.
# Forest City, Maine

Forest City is a populated place in Washington County, Maine, United States.
The community has the unusual distinction of sharing its name with the community of Forest City immediately across the Canada–United States border in the province of New Brunswick.
The community houses the Forest City Border Crossing and a small water control dam on the Chiputneticook Lakes. Both Forest Cities use the same Baptist church and cemetery, both of which are on the New Brunswick side.
# Bubión

Bubión is a village in Las Alpujarras region of Granada in Spain. It is located at latitude 36° 57' N, longitude 3° 21' W, at 1,350 metres above sea level. Its postal code is 18412. Together with Capileira (to the north) and Pampaneira (to the south) it has become a focus for the tourist trade in La Alpujarra, because of the spectacular location of the three villages on the gorge of the Río Poqueira and below the peaks of the Sierra Nevada. The three villages, with their characteristic Moorish features - narrow, winding streets, flat roofs - have been designated as a Conjunto Histórico Artístico, a region of special artistic and historical importance.
Bubión is thought to have been founded in Roman times, and in any case it certainly antedates the Moorish invasion of the 7th century. Under the Moors, it was under the authority of Ugíjar. In the 16th century, after the fall of Granada to the "Catholic Monarchs", the village participated in the rebellions by the Moors (or "Moriscos" - Moors supposed to have been converted to Christianity). In the second rebellion, which started in December 1568, Bubión was one of the first villages of the Alpujarra to fall to the Catholic forces, after a major battle in the Poqueira valley. Following their defeat in 1571, almost all Moriscos were expelled from the province of Granada. They were partially replaced by Christian settlers from other parts of Spain.
In the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, Bubión and the other two villages of the Poqueira valley remained under Nationalist control, although Republican forces held the surrounding heights.
The most prominent building is the village church, built in the 16th century and remodelled in the following century. It is a simple structure in the mudéjar style.
In the census of 2001 Bubión's population was given as 610, consisting of 357 "residents" and 253 "non-residents" (i.e. with a home elsewhere). A substantial number of both categories did not hold Spanish nationality, the majority of them coming from other states of the European Union. The village had 170 tourist beds.
The GR 7/E4 European long-distance footpath runs through Bubión. In addition a network of walking trails link the three white villages and the Poqueira Gorge, ascending into the Sierra Nevada and providing an approach to Mulhacén, the highest peak in continental Spain.
Bubión is served by a bus route from the city of Granada through Órgiva, continuing up the Poqueira valley to Capileira; then on through Trevelez and some further villages. There are three buses a day in each direction by Alsina Graells plus an extra bus to Orgiva on market Thursday at 9 am. A limited service is available from Motril to Orgiva.
# Gurdwara Nanak Piao

28°41′N 77°11′E﻿ / ﻿28.69°N 77.19°E﻿ / 28.69; 77.19 Gurdwara Nanak Piao is a historical Gurudwara located in North West Delhi in India. This gurdwara sahib is dedicated to the first Sikh Guru, Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji.

## History

Gurdwara Nanak Piao was built at the site, in the garden where Guru Nanak Dev camped when he visited Delhi in 1505 during the reign of Sultan Sikandar Lodi. It is on Rana Pratap Road (also known as Grand Trunk Road or GT Road). It is said that people flocked to the revered prophet and offered him and Bhai Mardana precious gifts and offerings. Guru Nanak Dev Ji used to distribute all these offerings to the poor and needy. Besides this, he offered food and water to the hungry and thirsty, hence the shrine's name. The word "Piao" means to "offer liquid to drink" and refers to the offering of water to all the thirsty who visited this shrine.
Even today, the Well used by the Guru is preserved and one can still see the well from which Guru Nanak served water at the shrine. Consequently, over time Gurdwara Nank Piao attained a status of a holy and revered historical shrine. Guru Nanak Dev was an apostle of peace, brotherhood, non-violence and amity. His sermons created very uplifting and healthy impact on the people who bowed before him as respect for his spiritual guidance. The garden surrounding the Gurdwara became a place of pilgrimage for the people from all over Delhi. This is where they received the message of spiritual deliverance.

## History

A story goes that during his stay in Delhi, rumors spread that Guru Nanak by the grace of God had revived a dead elephant. Emperor Sikander Shah Lodi learned of this holy man who had won the admiration of all the Hindu and Muslim divines of Delhi and had brought a dead elephant to life. It is said that when one of his favorite imperial elephants died, he sent for the Guru and requested him to revive his elephant too. But the Guru refused to oblige him. Consequently, the Guru was immediately imprisoned. In the prison, his deep compassion for the suffering of prisoners had a great moral and spiritual influence on the prison officials. They informed the Emperor that Guru Nanak was not an idolater and that as a saint he was greatly respected by all the people including Hindus and Muslims.
A strange thing happened during the imprisonment of Guru Nanak. A great earthquake shook the capital on 3 July 1505. According to a chronicler, "the mountains were overturned and lofty edifices were dashed to the ground. The living thought the day of judgment had come and for dead the day of resurrection". Many thought that the new Faqir Nanak who the Emperor had imprisoned had cursed the Emperor and the empire. This or some other equally strong influence like the intervention of the Chisti Sufi saints changed the mind of the Emperor and he ordered the release of Guru Nanak. At his request, many other prisoners were released with the Guru.
# I'm Here, Darlings!

I'm Here, Darlings! is a 1975 Australian TV movie about a woman who believes her stepchildren are behind an unusual series of happenings.
A copy of the script is at the University of Queensland.

## Cast

* Diana Perryman
* Lynette Curran
* John Gaden
# Oʻtkan kunlar

Bygone Days (Uzbek: Oʻtkan kunlar) is a 1925 Uzbek-language novel by Abdulla Qodiriy which is considered to be the first Uzbek novel. The novel was serialized in the magazine Inqilob from 1922–1925. A film of the same name was released by Uzbekfilm in 1969. The writer was inspired by the novels of the Lebanese writer Jurji Zaydan.
An English translation by Mark Reese with the title "Bygone Days" was published in 2018.

## Plot

The novel covered the events of 19th century. The events were presented by the love story of Otabek and Kumush, the leading characters. The course of events takes place in an environment of bloody struggles of local rulers for power. In Days Gone By, as in other major epics, we encounter the multiplicity of storytelling, the presence of secondary subjects, and a series of escalating and tragic events.
The image of Otabek, who promotes progressive ideas, is the ideological and compositional center of the novel. He openly opposed the outdated economic relations in trade and pursued a new approach to family and marital problems. There is a conflict between Otabek and the forces that cling to the old, delay the development of the country. Abdulla Qodiriy speaks on behalf of his protagonist.
At the same time, the writer follows the fate of an Uzbek woman. Cruel traditions, including polygamy, lead to a deadly feud between Kumush and Zaynab.
With extraordinary love and sincerity, the writer creates the image of Kumush, who overcomes the trials of life with a pure, all-encompassing love for Otabek. But tragedy is inevitable. She was poisoned by concubine, and Otabek died defending his homeland
# Otis, Oregon

Otis is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States, a half mile north of Otis Junction on Oregon Route 18. It is near the Salmon River.
Otis post office was established in 1900 and was named after Otis Thompson, nephew of Archibald S. Thompson, the postmaster.
U.S. Route 101 used to pass through Otis until a curvy and hilly section of road was rerouted in the 1960s. Otis Junction is at the intersection of the former terminus of Oregon Route 18 and the former alignment of U.S. 101.
The Sitka Center for Art and Ecology has an Otis mailing address but is located nearer to the coast on Cascade Head. The Otis ZIP code, 97368, also covers the community of Rose Lodge. Today Otis and Otis Junction are considered synonymous.
Otis made the national headlines in 1999 and again in 2004, when it was announced that the town was for sale for $3 million. The news stories describe the Otis Café and other amenities that are at Otis Junction; it is unclear if the 193 acres (0.78 km$^2$) that were for sale included the land in Otis proper. Owner Vivian Lematta's grandfather bought the land from descendants of the Siletz Indians for $800 in 1910. Lematta left Otis in 1957. Included in the sale were the gas station and mini grocery store, a Pronto Pup corn dog stand, two houses, an empty 25-stall horse barn, a helicopter storage shed, a garage, a Grange hall, the Otis post office, the Otis Café, an auto-repair garage and 190 acres (0.77 km$^2$) of farmland. Part of the land was used for raising cattle and part was undergoing timber conservation.

## Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Otis has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
Climate data for Otis :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 65 (18) | 72 (22) | 78 (26) | 84 (29) | 97 (36) | 99 (37) | 98 (37) | 99 (37) | 92 (33) | 86 (30) | 76 (24) | 64 (18) | 99 (37) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 47.1 (8.4) | 51.1 (10.6) | 53.8 (12.1) | 57.2 (14.0) | 61.8 (16.6) | 65.5 (18.6) | 69.7 (20.9) | 70.8 (21.6) | 69.3 (20.7) | 61.1 (16.2) | 52.5 (11.4) | 47.4 (8.6) | 58.9 (14.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 36.2 (2.3) | 37.3 (2.9) | 38 (3) | 39.7 (4.3) | 43.4 (6.3) | 47.6 (8.7) | 49.8 (9.9) | 50.4 (10.2) | 48.2 (9.0) | 44.4 (6.9) | 40 (4) | 36.7 (2.6) | 42.6 (5.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 4 (−16) | 11 (−12) | 23 (−5) | 27 (−3) | 29 (−2) | 35 (2) | 35 (2) | 39 (4) | 32 (0) | 23 (−5) | 15 (−9) | 4 (−16) | 4 (−16) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 15.37 (390) | 11.12 (282) | 11.23 (285) | 7.19 (183) | 4.71 (120) | 3.6 (91) | 1.35 (34) | 1.76 (45) | 3.55 (90) | 7.97 (202) | 13.99 (355) | 15.66 (398) | 97.52 (2,477) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 1.4 (3.6) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.7 (1.8) | 2.9 (7.4) |
| Average precipitation days | 24 | 20 | 21 | 18 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 196 |
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