OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe

The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe is a two-volume, English-language reference work on the history and culture of Eastern Europe Jewry in this region, prepared by the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research and published by Yale University Press in 2008.

## Print edition

The encyclopedia, 2,400 pages in length, contains over 1,800 alphabetical entries written by 450 contributors, and features over 1,000 illustrations and 55 maps.

## Online edition

The online version of the Encyclopedia was officially launched June 10, 2010. It's free to access online.

## Awards and honors

* Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries Outstanding Academic Title 2008
* Recipient of the 2009 Dartmouth Medal Honorable Mention by the American Library Association.
* Honorable Mention for the 2008 PROSE Award in the Multi-volume Reference/Humanities & Social Sciences category, from the Association of American Publishers
* Winner of the 2008 Judaica Reference Award, given by the Association of Jewish Libraries

## Editorial staff

Editor-in-Chief: Gershon David Hundert, McGill University
Editorial Board:
* Marion Aptroot, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf
* David Assaf, Tel Aviv University
* Gershon Bacon, Bar-Ilan University
* David Engel, New York University
* Immanuel Etkes, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
* Edward Fram, Ben Gurion University of the Negev
* Michał T. Galas, Jagiellonian University
* Haim Gertner, Hebrew University
* Avraham Greenbaum, University of Haifa, Hebrew University
* Ze'ev Gries, Ben Gurion University
* Avner Holtzman, Tel Aviv University
* Jack Jacobs, John Jay College, City University of New York
* Samuel Kassow, Trinity College
* Hillel J. Kieval, Washington University in St. Louis
* Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, New York University
* Mikhail Krutikov, University of Michigan
* Dov Levin, Hebrew University
* Olga Litvak, University at Albany
* Rachel Manekin, University of Maryland, College Park
* Alice Nakhimovsky, Colgate University
* Magda Opalski, Victoria, British Columbia
* Elchanan Reiner, Tel Aviv University
* Yaakov Ro'i, Tel Aviv University
* Michael K. Silber, Hebrew University
* Mark Slobin, Wesleyan University
* Shaul Stampfer, Hebrew University
* Michael Stanislawski, Columbia University
* Michael C. Steinlauf, Gratz College
* Adam Teller, University of Haifa
* Chava Turniansky, Hebrew University
* Leon Volovici, Hebrew University
* Chava Weissler, Lehigh University
* Mordechai Zalkin, Ben Gurion University
# Emrah Klimenta

Emrah Klimenta (Montenegrin pronunciation:; Albanian: Emrah Kelmendi; born February 13, 1991) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for USL Championship side Las Vegas Lights.

## Early life

Emrah Klimenta, whose surname is derived from the Albanian highland tribe Kelmendi was born in Rožaje, Montenegro during a time of turmoil in the Balkan region as the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia was breaking apart. Klimenta and his parents initially settled in Mainz, Germany. His family then moved to the United States in 1999. They settled in Oakland, California, but later moved to Walnut Creek, California.

## Career
### Club

Klimenta began his youth career in the United States, playing as a midfielder and forward. He also played for the Olympic Development Program (ODP) for Cal North.
Klimenta spent time in Europe playing for MŠK Žilina and FC Ingolstadt 04, before returning to California as a midfielder for NPSL club Bay Area Ambassadors.
Klimenta joined United Soccer League club Sacramento Republic FC in March 2014, after being selected during an open tryout. Klimenta played as a defender and has started most of the league games in the 2014, 2015 and 2016 season.
In January 2018 it was announced that Klimenta had signed for LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer, ending his tenure in Sacramento as the team's all-time leader in minutes, starts, and appearances. He was released by the club on June 14, 2018.
Klimenta returned to Sacramento Republic FC for the remainder of the 2018 season.
On 4 April 2019, Klimenta joined USL side Reno 1868.
On 5 June 2021, Klimenta joined USL Championship club Oakland Roots SC. After three seasons with the club, he was not re-signed for the 2024 season.
Klimenta moved to the USL Championship side Las Vegas Lights on 13 February 2024.

### International

In May 2016, Klimenta was called up for to the Montenegro national team for the first time for a training camp and friendly against Turkey on 29 May. On this day, Emrah made his senior debut. In the process, he became the first Sacramento Republic player to receive a senior call-up while with the club.

## Honors

Sacramento Republic
* USL Championship: 2014
# Jack McPhillips

Leslie John McPhillips (21 March 1910 – 1 September 2004) was an Australian communist and trade unionist. He joined the Communist Party of Australia in 1929.
Jack was one of the early generation of CPA union officials, he was a long-time leader of the Communist Party of Australia and was prominent in the union movement of the 1940s, '50s and '60s. When the CPA denounced the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia, McPhillips sided with the pro-Soviet tendency in the party. He opposed the new 'Eurocommunist' line of the party. In 1971 he took part in breaking away from CPA and forming the Socialist Party of Australia. He was President of SPA from 1984 to 1988.

## Works

* 1944: The Work of Our Union: Summary of a Report
* 1952: Arbitration?
* 1954: Act Now to Defend Living Conditions
* 1958: Penal Powers: Menzies' Weapon Against Unions and Wages
* 1961: Today's Wages Fight
* 1963: Penal Powers Cost Unionists £1,000,000!
* 1974: BHP Loses £15,000 and Much Prestige
* 1981: Communists and the Trade Unions
* 1985: The Accord and Its Consequences: Trade Union Experiences
* 1994: Wharfies and Miners Say "Enough is Enough": The Story of the 1994 Wharfies' and Miners' Disputes
# Nikolay Novikov

Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Новико́в; 8 May [O.S. 27 April] 1744, Moscow Governorate – 12 August [O.S. 31 July] 1818 Moscow Governorate) was a Russian writer and philanthropist most representative of his country's Enlightenment. Frequently considered to be the first Russian journalist, he aimed at advancing the cultural and educational level of the Russian public.
Novikov belonged to the first generation of Russians that benefited from the creation of Moscow University in 1755. He took an active part in the Legislative Assembly of 1767, which sought to produce a new code of laws. Inspired by this kind of freethinking activity, he took over editing the Moscow Gazette and launched satirical journals, including Zhivopisets, patterned after The Tatler and The Spectator. His attacks on the existing social customs prompted jocund retorts from Catherine the Great, who even set her own journal called Vsyakaya vsyachina to comment on Novikov's articles.
Together with Johann Georg Schwarz, Ivan Lopukhin, and Semyon Gamaleya he brought martinism and rosicrucianism to Russia. By the 1780s, Novikov rose to the highest positions in Russian Freemasonry, which liberally funded his ambitious book-publishing ventures. Novikov's press produced a third part of contemporary Russian books and several newspapers. Novikov used his influence for various noble purposes, such as a large-scale project of promoting Shakespeare to the Russian public.
When the French Revolution started, Catherine changed her attitude towards the likes of Novikov. His printing house was confiscated. Three years later, without a formal trial, he was incarcerated in the Shlisselburg Fortress for 15 years. Much of his printed material was pulped, including 1,000 copies of Edward Young's The Last Day (1713). Emperor Paul set Novikov free, but the latter was too scared and broken-hearted to resume his journalistic activities.
# 1930 Penn State Nittany Lions football team

The 1930 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1930 college football season. The team was coached by Bob Higgins and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | Niagara | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 31–14 | 4,000 |
| October 4 | Lebanon Valley | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 27–0 | 4,000 |
| October 11 | Marshall | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | W 65–0 | 5,000 |
| October 18 | at Lafayette | Fisher FieldEaston, PA | T 0–0 | |
| October 25 | Colgate | New Beaver FieldState College, PA | L 0–40 | 15,000 |
| November 1 | at Bucknell | Memorial StadiumLewisburg, PA | L 7–19 | 15,000 |
| November 8 | Syracuse | New Beaver FieldState College, PA (rivalry) | T 0–0 | 7,000 |
| November 15 | at Iowa | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | L 0–19 | 20,000 |
| November 26 | at Pittsburgh | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | L 12–19 | 10,000 |
| Homecoming ||||||
# Iller Than Most

Iller Than Most is the eleventh studio album by American hip hop artist Del the Funky Homosapien, released on January 1, 2014. The release was a surprise album made free for streaming on Soundcloud and has received positive reviews from critics.

## Reception

Duncan Quinlan of Exclaim! rated this album an eight out of 10, noting that the lyrics are more superficial and playful than Del's work with Deltron 3030, with a variety of moods and a "flow is loose and fun". Nate Patrin of Pitchfork Media rated Iller Than Most a 7.4 out of 10, characterizing it as "off-the-hinges ridiculous" and opining that "Del's production style alone is worth the price of admission". Spin's Brandon Soderberg gave this album a six out of 10, calling it stronger than the Deltron 3030 work, writing that Del "sounds free here". In Consequence of Sound, Kristofer Lenz rated Iller a C−, noting that Del has a "flair for dramatic, tongue-twisting verses that can alternate between nonsense, mythology, and vicious insults" and that some tracks are standouts, but although he was "stretching both his producing and lyrical wings", Lenz complains that this is "a consistent and fun record that, unfortunately, lacks a single likely to break into the cultural landscape of the ’10s".

## Track listing

* "Leader" – 3:20
* "Boogieman" – 3:30
* "Delta Time" – 2:49
* "Mental Fitness" – 3:10
* "Bitin' Ain't Samplin'" – 2:59
* "Robust" – 3:24
* "Militant" – 2:43
* "Wreckin' the Upside" – 3:48
* "10 Paces" – 2:36
* "Grand Royal" – 3:13
* "Land of Immediate Rap Hits" – 2:47
# Isoxicam

Isoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that was taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions. The drug was introduced in 1983 by the Warner-Lambert Company. Isoxicam is a chemical analog of piroxicam (Feldene) which has a pyridine ring in lieu of an isoxazole ring. In 1985 isoxicam was withdrawn from the French market, due to adverse effects, namely toxic epidermal necrolysis resulting in death. Although these serious side effects were observed only in France, the drug was withdrawn worldwide.
# Doolan Canyon

Doolan Canyon is a canyon in Alameda County, California, northwest of Livermore.

## Geography

It is located east of Tassajara Road, and south of the Contra Costa County border. Cottonwood Creek flows through Doolan Canyon.

## Nature

Doolan Canyon has high amounts of Tufa and Alkaline water.
Loggerhead shrikes, a species of bird, have been found around the area.
East Bay Regional Park District says that the Doolan Canyon area is habitat for the endangered species Alameda whip snake and red-legged frog. It also supports other "special status" species and some rare alkali soil plants.

## History

On May 24, 2007, Livermore and Dublin announced a plan to preserve the canyon.
On March 4, 2019, the valley was given 160 more acres of land.
# Sumu-la-El

Sumu-la-El (also Sumulael or Sumu-la-ilu) was a King in the First Dynasty of Babylon. He reigned c. 1880-1845 BC (MC). He subjugated and conquered nearby cities like Kish and built a string of fortresses around his territory. He is known to have conquered the city of Sippar. Economic ties extended as far north as Tilmen Höyük. His daughter, Šallurtum, married Sin-kašid, the king of Uruk.
# Foreca

Foreca Ltd (/ˈfɔːrkə/) is a private Finnish weather forecasting company. It is the largest of its kind in the Nordic countries and is headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Foreca provides weather services for international business use. This service is partly based on data and products of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.
Foreca was first established in 1996 under the name Weather Service Finland. In January 2001, it changed its name to Foreca as part of its efforts to expand the company internationally.
Foreca provides weather and road weather services to the automotive, digital media, and winter road maintenance industries. Since 2004, the company has had a contract with Microsoft to produce content for its international MSN websites and Microsoft Windows. Foreca provides weather services for drivers that are customers of companies such as BMW, Daimler, and TomTom.
# The Athlete's Foot

The Athlete's Foot (TAF) is a global retailer of athletic inspired lifestyle and streetwear — footwear, apparel and accessories. Its global headquarters are located Stans, Switzerland and US headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.

## History

In 1971, David Lando realized that athletic shoes were by far the highest selling product in his store. That year, he and his son, Michael Lando, opened the first The Athlete's Foot store in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the first athletic footwear specialty store of its kind in the United States. Soon thereafter, The Athlete's Foot began expanding in the United States. Among Lando's partners were his brother Robert and Sidney Gilbert of Rochester, New York. The first international franchise store opened in 1976 in Adelaide, Australia, the beginning of The Athlete's Foot expansion across the world.
In 2004, The Athlete's Foot filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and announced that they would close all of their 124 company-owned stores in the United States, leaving the brand with 593 independent franchise locations left.
Today, The Athlete's Foot is present in 30 countries across the world with over 550 stores, from United States and Australia, to Europe, Asia, Middle East and Latin America.
In 2012, the brand was acquired by Intersport International Corporation (IIC), the world's largest sporting goods retail group, headquartered in Bern, Switzerland. In 2021, Intersport sold The Athlete's Foot business to the Arklyz Group.
Strategic brand partners of The Athlete's Foot include Nike, Adidas, Reebok, Asics, New Balance, Converse, Puma SE and Vans.

## Stores

| Africa Algeria: 10 Reunion: 1 | Asia and Middle East Australia: 128 Philippines: 21 Indonesia: 18 New Zealand: 12 Kuwait: 9 United Arab Emirates: 3 Northern Mariana Islands: 2 Palau: 1 Qatar: 1 Turkey: 3 | Europe Netherlands: 57 France: 15 Greece: 14 Italy: 9 Croatia: 8 Serbia: 7 Denmark: 6 Finland: 6 Ireland: 3 Slovenia: 3 Ukraine: 2 Belgium: 1 Faroe Islands: 1 North Macedonia: 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1 | Americas Mexico: 125 United States: 44 Ecuador: 8 Peru: 6 Bahamas: 2 Aruba: 2 Curacao: 1 |
# Fenbufen

Fenbufen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain.
Fenbufen is a member of the propionic acid derivatives class of drugs.
It was introduced by American Cyanamid under the trade name Lederfen in the 1980s. Due to liver toxicity, it was withdrawn from markets in the developed world in 2010.$^{:370,383–384}$
As of 2015 it was available in Taiwan and Thailand under several brand names.

## Preparation

Fenbufen can be synthesized by acylation of biphenyl with succinic anhydride under Friedel-Crafts conditions.
# Australian International Motor Show

The Australian International Motor Show (AIMS) was an annual auto show held in Australia, alternating between the cities of Sydney and Melbourne. Prior to the Sydney event in 2010, both cities previously hosted separate annual exhibitions. Melbourne's version was known as the Melbourne International Motor Show, with Sydney hosting the Australian International Motor Show (known as the Sydney Motor Show prior to 2004).

## History

The Melbourne International Motor Show was held from 1925 through to 2009; it was the longest running auto show in Australia. The Sydney show was originally titled Sydney Motor Show but the 2004 show signalled the adoption of the Australian International Motor Show (AIMS) title.
AIMS continued to be held at Sydney annually until 2008, when the global financial crisis and poor attendances at the 2008 show resulted in the cancellation of the 2009 show. Prior to the staging of the 2008 show in Sydney, the organisers of AIMS, the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries (FCAI), and the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce (VACC), organiser of the Melbourne International Motor Show had commenced discussions to consider options for the future staging and organisation of motor shows in Sydney and Melbourne. On 3 February 2009 it was announced that these discussions had culminated in the formation of a joint venture between FCAI and VACC to organise an automotive exhibition, which would alternate between Melbourne and Sydney biennially, commencing with Sydney in 2010. Under the joint venture, both the Sydney and Melbourne shows now use the existing Sydney title, "Australian International Motor Show" (AIMS).

### Sydney

The Sydney Motor Show was held at the Sydney Showground in Moore Park until 1987. From 1988, the show was relocated to Darling Harbour at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre. The first joint-venture AIMS motor was held in Sydney from 15–24 October 2010.
In 2012 the show was held from 19–28 October 2012 at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre and included over 400 motor vehicles.

### Melbourne

The first Melbourne Motor Show was started on 30 April 1925. Until 1996 it was held at the Royal Exhibition Building then moved to the new Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre complex, in Southbank. The 2009 show was the last to operate under the "Melbourne International Motor Show" title. Until 2009, the show was usually held in March but commencing in 2011 it will be held in July.
The Australian International Motor Show (AIMS) Joint Venture announced on 25 March that the 2013 Australian International Motor Show scheduled for Melbourne in June, will not proceed.

## Dissolution

In a statement released on 25 February 2014, VACC and FCAI announced the dissolution of the Australian International Motor Show joint venture.
On 20 May 2014, VACC announced a joint venture with the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) to create the Australian Motoring Festival to be held at Royal Melbourne Showgrounds on 26–29 March 2015.
# Sega Zone

Sega Zone was a Sega orientated publication from Dennis Publishing in the early 1990s. Sega Zone had split off from the former multiformat console title Game Zone, which continued as a Nintendo magazine. Early Dennis Publishing staff members included launch editor Amaya Lopez, deputy editor Vivienne Nagy, and staff writer Martin Pond.
In 1993 Sega Zone, along with Game Zone, was sold to Future Publishing. During this period Sega Zone had the following familiar Future names working for the magazine; Tim Norris (editor), Tim Tucker (deputy editor), Josse Billson (staff writer) and Stuart Campbell (longtime contributor).
In early 1994 Future Publishing itself sold the Sega Zone title onto Maverick Magazines. Later that year the titles were closed down.
# Ewens's sampling formula

In population genetics, Ewens's sampling formula describes the probabilities associated with counts of how many different alleles are observed a given number of times in the sample.

## Definition

Ewens's sampling formula, introduced by Warren Ewens, states that under certain conditions (specified below), if a random sample of n gametes is taken from a population and classified according to the gene at a particular locus then the probability that there are a$_1$ alleles represented once in the sample, and a$_2$ alleles represented twice, and so on, is
    $\operatorname {Pr} (a_{1},\dots ,a_{n};\theta )={n! \over \theta (\theta +1)\cdots (\theta +n-1)}\prod _{j=1}^{n}{\theta ^{a_{j}} \over j^{a_{j}}a_{j}!},$
for some positive number θ representing the population mutation rate, whenever $a_{1},\ldots ,a_{n}$ is a sequence of nonnegative integers such that
    $a_{1}+2a_{2}+3a_{3}+\cdots +na_{n}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}ia_{i}=n.\,$
The phrase "under certain conditions" used above is made precise by the following assumptions:
* The sample size n is small by comparison to the size of the whole population; and
* The population is in statistical equilibrium under mutation and genetic drift and the role of selection at the locus in question is negligible; and
* Every mutant allele is novel. See also: Infinite-alleles model
This is a probability distribution on the set of all partitions of the integer n. Among probabilists and statisticians it is often called the multivariate Ewens distribution.

## Mathematical properties

When θ = 0, the probability is 1 that all n genes are the same. When θ = 1, then the distribution is precisely that of the integer partition induced by a uniformly distributed random permutation. As θ → ∞, the probability that no two of the n genes are the same approaches 1.
This family of probability distributions enjoys the property that if after the sample of n is taken, m of the n gametes are chosen without replacement, then the resulting probability distribution on the set of all partitions of the smaller integer m is just what the formula above would give if m were put in place of n.
The Ewens distribution arises naturally from the Chinese restaurant process.
# Peach Creek, Wharton County, Texas

Peach Creek is a ghost town in Wharton County in the U.S. state of Texas. The former settlement was located along Peach Creek in the land grants belonging to Old Three Hundred settlers William Kincheloe and Alexander Jackson, Sr. During the Republic of Texas a post office was located at Peach Creek. Though it was hoped the community might become the county seat, that never happened and postal service stopped in 1847.

## Geography

Peach Creek rises west of Farm to Market Road 102 near Egypt. The stream flows generally southeast for a distance of 27 miles (43 km) until it empties into the San Bernard River 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Wharton. A published sketch map from Wharton County deed records placed the settlement along Peach Creek mostly within Kincheloe's land grant and also a short distance into Jackson's land grant to the north. This location is approximately between U.S. Route 59 on the west and County Road 135 (Junior College Blvd.) on the east.

## History

William and Mary Betts Kincheloe moved to Texas in 1821. Two years later, the Mexican census recorded William as being 44 years old and living with his wife and eight children. A blacksmith by trade, Kincheloe received a land grant of a league of land on July 8, 1824. He later donated the land on which the Wharton County courthouse stands, and died in 1835. The east-west trail between Harrisburg and Texana and the north-south trail between Matagorda and San Felipe passed through the area. There were two crossings of Peach Creek; the upper crossing was located in Alexander Jackson's league, while the lower crossing was situated in Kincheloe's league. Later, the upper crossing became known as Kincheloe's Crossing. The owner of the adjacent league to the south, Isham B. Phillips bought 177 acres for a house in Kincheloe's league next to the lower crossing.
When Republic of Texas was founded, a postal station was set up with Phillips as postmaster. In 1839, a second postal station was added at Kincheloe's crossing with Alexander Jackson, Jr. as postmaster. The upper crossing was then in Colorado County and the lower crossing in Matagorda County. When Wharton County was established in 1846, Kincheloe's family offered a location on Peach Creek as the county seat, but this was declined. On July 1, 1847, Peach Creek lost its post office and thereafter received its mail from the new county seat at Wharton.