OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Westland PV-3

The Westland PV-3 was a British two-seat torpedo bomber of the 1930s built by Westland Aircraft Works. The aircraft was a private venture development and based on the Westland Wapiti. It never entered production. The aircraft is best known as one of the first two to fly over Everest as part of the Houston-Mount Everest Flight Expedition.

## History

The PV-3 design was produced in 1930 as a private venture two-seat aircraft that could be used as either a carrier-based torpedo bomber intended to carry a new lightweight torpedo being developed by the Admiralty, or as an army-co-operation aircraft. As such, it was a development of the Wapiti, with an all-metal structure and folding two-bay wings. It was powered by a 575 hp (429 kW) Bristol Jupiter XFA radial engine, having a defensive armament of one forward-firing Vickers machine gun and a Lewis gun on a Scarff ring on the observer's cockpit. It could carry either the planned 1,000 lb (455 kg) torpedo under the fuselage or an equivalent weight of bombs under the wings.
It first flew in February 1931, showing good performance (in particular, a high ceiling) and handling when tested by the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Martlesham Heath. Despite this, no orders resulted, and the lightweight torpedo was cancelled.
In November 1932, the PV-3 was chosen, together with the Westland PV-6 (the prototype of the Westland Wallace) for the Houston Mount Everest Flying Expedition to fly over and photograph Mount Everest. The aircraft, now registered G-ACAZ, was remodelled with a rear cabin and a 630 hp Bristol Pegasus engine driving a large diameter propeller. It was test flown from Yeovil in the new configuration, and on 25 January 1933 reached a height of 35,000 ft.
Flown by Lord Clydesdale with Stewart Blacker as observer and photographer, it was accompanied by the Wallace as, on 3 April 1933, the two aircraft became the first to fly over Mount Everest, flying over Kangchenjunga on 4 April and making a second flight over Everest (as the initial flight had produced inadequate photographs for map-making) on 19 April 1933. The PV-3 was later exhibited at Selfridges department store in London in July 1933. In December 1933 the aircraft, given the military serial K4048, was issued to Bristol Aircraft as an engine testbed. The aircraft is also referred to as the Houston-Westland in honour of Lady Houston who had financed the 1933 expedition.

## Operators
### United Kingdom

* Royal Air Force
* Royal Geographical Society

## Specifications (Houston Westland)

Data from Westland Aircraft since 1915
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 34 ft 2 in (10.41 m)
* Wingspan: 46 ft 6 in (14.17 m)
* Height: 11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)
* Wing area: 500 sq ft (46 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 3,420 lb (1,551 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Bristol Pegasus IS3 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 630 hp (470 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 163 mph (262 km/h, 142 kn)
* Service ceiling: 35,000 ft (11,000 m)
* Time to altitude: 20,000 ft (6,100 m) in 20 minutes
# Cantons of the Tarn-et-Garonne department

The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Tarn-et-Garonne department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:
* Aveyron-Lère
* Beaumont-de-Lomagne
* Castelsarrasin
* Garonne-Lomagne-Brulhois
* Moissac
* Montauban-1
* Montauban-2
* Montauban-3
* Montech
* Pays de Serres Sud-Quercy
* Quercy-Aveyron
* Quercy-Rouergue
* Tarn-Tescou-Quercy vert
* Valence
* Verdun-sur-Garonne
# Drahomíra

Drahomíra of Stodor (Czech: Drahomíra ze Stodor; c. 877 or 890 – died after 934 or 936) was Duchess consort of Bohemia from 915 to 921, wife of the Přemyslid duke Vratislaus I. She also acted as regent of the Duchy of Bohemia from 921 to 924 during the minority of her son Wenceslaus. She is chiefly known for the murder of her mother-in-law Ludmila of Bohemia by hired assassins.

## Life

Drahomíra was born in the present-day Havelland region centered around the fortress of Brandenburg (Brennabor), the daughter of a Hevelli (Stodoran) prince. According to Cosmas of Prague, she married Duke Vratislaus I of Bohemia about 906. Drahomíra gave birth to at least six children: her sons were Wenceslaus and Boleslaus, who both succeeded their father as Bohemian dukes. Among her four daughters was one Přibislava, whose considered to have married to a Croatian prince, who became a nun at the St. George's Convent in Prague, and possibly Střezislava, the wife of the Bohemian-Croatian nobleman Slavník, founder of the Slavník dynasty. The marriage led the Přemyslid dynasty to cooperation with the Polabian Slavs and brought Bohemia in conflict with the Saxon duke Henry the Fowler, who became German king in 919 and later waged war against the Hevelli tribes.
After her husband's untimely death in 921, the Bohemian nobles designated Drahomíra regent for her minor son Wenceslaus. However, she had to divide the government of Bohemia with her mother-in-law Ludmila, widow of Duke Bořivoj I, who took over the religious education of her sons. Popular history depicts Ludmila as a restrained and pious grandmother.
Wenceslaus was one of the main reasons for the eventually fatal discord between Drahomíra and Ludmila, who had exerted great influence over Drahomíra's eldest son, leaving Drahomíra to concentrate her efforts on her younger son, Boleslaus. Despite or perhaps as a result of her political and personal efforts, Ludmila attracted Drahomíra's bitter enmity. She alleged that her mother-in-law, with the help of Bavarian missionaries, educated Wenceslaus to become a monk rather than a prince. Moreover, the two women may have disagreed whether to recognise the East Frankish supremacy of Henry the Fowler. Ludmila fled from Prague to Tetín Castle on the road to Regensburg, where on 16 September 921 Drahomíra's henchmen, Tunna and Gommon, attacked and strangled her.
The next year the troops of Duke Arnulf of Bavaria raided the Bohemian duchy. When Drahomíra's son Wenceslaus came of age about 922, he sent his mother into exile, though he called her back in 925. She spent her later years in Prague; however, upon the murder of her son she fled from the court to the Croats. While some considered that the Croats lived near Prague, others noted that in the case of noble and royal fugitives tried to find security as distant as possible, indicating these Croats probably were located more to the East around Vistula valley.

## In popular culture

She is the subject of two operas, Drahomíra by František Škroup (1848), and Drahomíra by Karel Šebor (1867).
# Haverly v. United States

Haverly v. United States, 513 F.2d 224 (7th Cir. 1975) is a United States income tax case.
Held:

## Case brief
### Facts

During the years 1967 and 1968 Charles N. Haverly was the principal of the Alice L. Barnard Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois. In each of these years publishers sent to the taxpayer unsolicited sample copies of textbooks which had a total fair market value at the time of receipt of $400. In 1968 Haverly donated the books to the Alice L. Barnard Elementary School Library. The parties agreed that the donation entitled the taxpayer to a charitable deduction under 26 U.S.C. § 170, in the amount of $400, the value of the books at the time of the contribution.

### Issue

The issue in this case was "whether the value of unsolicited sample textbooks sent by publishers to a principal of a public elementary school, which he subsequently donated to the school's library and for which he claimed a charitable deduction, constitutes gross income to the principal within the meaning of Section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, 26 U.S.C. § 61."

### Holding

Haverly cannot take a charitable contribution deduction for donating books that he himself never purchased. The court cited Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co. for the proposition that "Section 61(a) encompasses all 'accessions to wealth, clearly realized, and over which the taxpayers have complete dominion.'"

## Subsequent developments

Following this decision, Congress enacted Rev. Rule. 70-498, which prevents double dipping of both deducted and charitable donations.

## Academic commentary

It seems strange to permit a party to exclude a receipt and also deduct its value. Nevertheless, the court barred neither—but it accompanied the charitable deduction with income realization at an equal amount. Here are the reasons it chose this approach:
* the court had to permit exclusion in the first instance, because of hardship to lower-paid persons of paying cash for kind (even though gross income includes any accession to wealth, including unasked for samples)
* the court also had to permit the deduction because the code [absent today's §170(e)(1)] authorized a deduction for the full value of donated property (even though a charitable deduction should not exceed the taxpayer's basis)
# Grabina, Warsaw West County

Grabina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leszno, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Leszno, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Ożarów Mazowiecki (the county seat), and 31 km (19 mi) west of Warsaw.
# The Sebadoh

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| NME | 8/10 |
| Pitchfork | 7.4/10 |
| Spin | 5/10 |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | B+ |
| The Village Voice | A− |
The Sebadoh is the seventh studio album by the indie rock band Sebadoh. It was released in 1999 on Sire Records. The album is the group's first and only major label release to date.
The Sebadoh is the only Sebadoh album with drummer Russell Pollard.

## Critical reception

Rolling Stone wrote: "What keeps The Sebadoh from flying apart is the no-frills production, which puts a premium on the three-way conversation among bass, guitar and Russ Pollard's drums."

## Track listing

* "It's All You" (Loewenstein) - 2:42
* "Weird" (Barlow) - 3:26
* "Bird in the Hand" (Loewenstein) - 1:36
* "Break Free" (Pollard) - 2:39
* "Tree" (Barlow) - 4:17
* "Nick of Time" (Loewenstein) - 2:52
* "Flame" (Barlow) - 4:56
* "So Long" (Loewenstein) - 1:57
* "Love Is Stronger" (Barlow) - 4:45
* "Decide" (Loewenstein) - 3:42
* "Colorblind" (Barlow) - 2:51
* "Thrive" (Barlow) - 4:12
* "Cuban" (Loewenstein) - 2:40
* "Sorry" (Barlow) - 3:03
* "Drag Down" (Loewenstein) - 2:50

## Personnel
### Sebadoh

* Lou Barlow
* Jason Loewenstein
* Russell Pollard

### Other personnel

* Michael Herren - vocals on "Tree"
* Eric Masunaga - production, mixing, recording
* Jason Loewenstein - recording
* Rich Costey - additional mixing on "Flame"
* Jeff Lipton - mastering

## Album charts

| Year | Album | Chart | Position |
| 1999 | The Sebadoh | Norway | No. 34 |
| 1999 | The Sebadoh | Heatseekers (US) | No. 15 |
| 1999 | The Sebadoh | UK Albums Chart | No. 45 |
| 1999 | The Sebadoh | Billboard 200 | No. 197 |

## Charting singles

| Year | Song | Chart | Position |
| 1999 | Flame | UK Singles Chart | No. 30 |
| 1999 | It's All You | UK Singles Chart | No. 103 |
# Pranab Kumar Barua

Pranab Kumar Barua (23 August 1934 – 28 April 2024) was a Bangladeshi academic. He was awarded Ekushey Padak by the government of Bangladesh in 2019 for his contributions in the field of education. He served as one of the Advisers of Bangladesh Awami League.

## Early life

Barua was born on 23 August 1934 in Aburkhil village under Raozan Upazila in Chattogram District of the then British India (now Bangladesh). He received a Master's degree in Bengali literature and Pali. He received his professional B.Ed. degree with first class and earned PhD from Kolkata University. He also had degree in religious education such as Sutra.

## Career

Barua was a teacher for 35 years and was a visiting professor of Pali Department of Dhaka University. He served as the Principal of Kanungoopara College, Rangunia College, Agrashar Girls' College and Kundeshwari College. He was devoted to spreading education, especially women's education across the country and founded many educational institutions.

## Death

Barua died in Chattogram on 28 April 2024, at the age of 89.

## Books

Barua books include:
* Bengali Buddhist contribution to the liberation war
* Buddhist religion and culture of Bangladesh
* Atish Dipankar
* Buddhist Code of Conduct
* How did I see mahā thero
* The life and the words of Gautam Buddha

## Awards and recognition

* Raj Gaurab award by Thai king
* Mahatma Gandhi National Award
* Mother Teresa Award
* Ekushey Padak (2019)
# Okelousa

The Okelousa were Native American people Louisiana, United States. They lived west and north of Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana.
18th-century French explorer Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe and French ethnographer Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz wrote about the Okelousa, who were allied with the neighboring Washa and Chawasha peoples. They are distinct from the similarly named Opelousa.

## Language

They likely spoke a Muskogean language.

## Name

Their name comes from the Choctaw word for "black water". The name has also been written as Obquilouzas and Oqué-Loussas.

## Population

At the end of the 18th century, an estimated 700 Okelousa lived in 80 houses. By 1715, there were an estimated 100 to 120 combined Okelousa, Washa, and Chawasha, and 60 to 75 by 1758. American ethnographer John Reed Swanton wrote that they either ceased to exist or merged with the Houma.
# Smith's Island, Bermuda

Smith's Island is part of the chain which makes up Bermuda. It is located in St. George's Parish, in the northeast of the territory.
The 61 acres (0.25 km$^2$) island is located close to the northern entrance to St. George's Harbour, east of the town of St. George's to the south of the slightly smaller Paget Island and close to the coast of the much larger St. David's Island.
The island is the site of the first settlement in Bermuda, when Christopher Carter and Edward Waters built shelters there in 1610, and remained behind after other survivors of the 1609 wreck of Sea Venture sailed for Jamestown, Virginia. Edward Chard returned with George Somers later that year. Somers died while Chard and a ship's dog joined the Carter and Waters. Sometimes dubbed the "Three Kings of Bermuda", Waters, Carter, and Chard hunted, fished, and farmed the land. The Somers Isles Company had supplied Carter, Chard, and Waters 81 varieties of seeds to trial garden, including tobacco, maize, and watermelon.
The first official colonists arrived on the Plough two years later (on July 11, 1612). Company man Richard Moore acted as deputy governor for the 50-60 settlers, who originally settled Smith's Island but then moved to St. David's Island for better access to fresh water. Carter, Chard, and Waters relocated to St. George's Island in autumn 1612.
When the smallpox pandemic threatened the public health safety of Bermuda in the 1730s, Smallpox Bay (on the eastern side Smith's Island) was a site of ship and passenger quarantine.
Like other Bermuda demonyms, Smith's Island was named in tribute to Governor Thomas Smythe (whose surname was spelled several ways), an investor of the Somers Isles Company.
# Joey Vickery

Joey David Vickery (born 9 June 1967) is a Canadian former professional basketball player. At a height of 1.78 m (5'10") tall, he played at the point guard position. He was the Lithuanian Basketball League's LKL All-Star Game Three-point Shootout Champion, in 1995. He last played for the Austrian basketball club Mattersburg Rocks.

## College career

Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Vickery graduated Westwood Collegiate in 1985, and played for the Brandon University Bobcats, for three seasons. After a successful debut, in which Brandon University won the Canadian National Championship in 1989, Vickery was named the Jack Donahue MVP award winner. Vickery was also named a 1st team All-Canadian, at Brandon University, in 1990 and 1991.

## Professional career

After college, Vickery moved to Europe, and he played for the now defunct Olimpas Plungė of Lithuania. He averaged 23.4 points and 3.3 rebounds per game. He also played for various clubs in Spain, like Huelva, Algeciras, and Melilla, and then moved to the Austrian club Mattersburg 49ers. After yet another successful season, he moved to Sweden's Jamtland Basket KFUM. In 2005, he returned to Austria, and signed a contract with his previous team.

## Clubs

* Winnipeg Thunder (1992)
* The Rogues, SIT, Scobey, MT 1995
* Olimpas Plungė (1995–1996)
* Ciudad de Huelva, Spain (1996–1997)
* Poissy Chatou Basket (1997–2000)
* Algeciras, Spain (2000–2001)
* Mattersburg 49ers (2001–2002)
* Ciudad de Huelva, Spain (2002–2003)
* Jamtland Basket KFUM (2003–2004)
* Melilla, Spain (2004–2005)
* Mattersburg 49ers (2005–2006)
* Arkadia Traiskirchen Lions (2005–2008)
* Mattersburg Rocks, Austria (2008–2017)

## National team
### Canadian university national team

Vickery played on two world university teams for Canada, first at the 1989 Duisburg, Germany Games, and in 1991, at the Sheffield, England Games. Canada finished 4th at the 1989 Duisburg Games, and won a silver medal at the games in Sheffield, England.

### Canadian senior national team

Vickery was a member of the senior Canada national men's basketball team, at the 1995 Tournament of the Americas, and the 1997 Tournament of the Americas. He also appeared internationally in the 1994 FIBA World Championship, in Toronto, and the 1998 FIBA World Championship, in Athens. In 1994, Vickery was named the MVP of the Berlin Cup friendly tournament, after making 17 out of 20 three point field goal attempts during the tournament. The participating teams at the tournament were Canada, Russia, Germany, and Italy.
# Labiodental ejective affricate

The labiodental ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨p̪fʼ⟩.

## Features

Features of the labiodental ejective affricate:
* Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
* Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
| Afade | Afade | | | |
| Tsetsaut | Tsetsaut | apfʼo | [ap̪͡fʼo] | "boil" |
| Venda | Venda | | | |
# Platylepis

Platylepis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is widespread across sub-Saharan Africa and also on various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
* Platylepis bigibbosa H.Perrier - Madagascar
* Platylepis bombus J.J.Sm. - Seram
* Platylepis commelynae (Lindl.) Rchb.f. - Society Islands
* Platylepis constricta (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. - New Guinea
* Platylepis densiflora Rolfe - Réunion
* Platylepis geluana (Schltr.) Schuit. & de Vogel - New Guinea
* Platylepis glandulosa (Lindl.) Rchb.f. - widespread across tropical and southern Africa
* Platylepis grandiflora (Schltr.) Ormerod - New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Futuna
* Platylepis heteromorpha Rchb.f. - Samoa
* Platylepis intricata Schuit. & de Vogel - Papua New Guinea
* Platylepis lamellata Schltr. - New Guinea
* Platylepis margaritifera Schltr. - Madagascar
* Platylepis occulta (Thouars) Rchb.f. - Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles
* Platylepis polyadenia Rchb.f. - Madagascar, Comoros
* Platylepis rufa (Frapp.) Schltr. - Réunion
* Platylepis tidorensis J.J.Sm. - Maluku
* Platylepis viscosa (Rchb.f.) Schltr. - Réunion
* Platylepis xerostele Ormerod - Cameroon
* Platylepis zeuxinoides Schltr. - New Guinea
# Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional

National Higher Education Fund Corporation (Malay: Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional), abbreviated PTPTN, is an authority responsible for giving study loans to students pursuing tertiary education in Malaysia. This agency is under Ministry of Higher Education.

## PTPTN Repayment Exemption
### Eligibility

* Candidates are required to obtain a bachelor's degree with first class honours.
* Candidates have attained a full-time course.
* Candidates have completed their studies within the designated time-frame as stated in PTPTN's agreement letter.
* Candidates have completed their studies in the designated course as stated in PTPTN's agreement letter.
* The course attended is accredited by Malaysian Qualifications Agency.
* Candidates must submit the complete application within twelve months from the date of the convocation.

## History

The former PTPTN Chairman was Wan Saiful Wan Jan, former chief executive of the Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs and Pakatan Harapan (PH) candidate for Pendang federal seat in the 2018 general election serving from June 2018 to June 2022.

## Criticism of PTPTN
### Free Education Proposal

Some parties, particularly the opposition parties and student organizations want higher education for free and abolish PTPTN agency. Several demonstrations have been made including a meeting with the government. The government will not make education free for some reason
Beginning 2015, hardcore PTPTN loan defaulters have been listed inside Central Credit Reference Information System (CCRIS), which is a Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) database system that stores financial records of Malaysian borrowers. Defaulters also run the risk of being barred from leaving the country altogether.