OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Orykhivchyk

Orykhivchyk (Ukrainian: Орихівчик) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Pidkamin settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.
Until 18 July 2020, Orykhivchyk belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.
# Do Ab

Do Ab or Dow Ab or Du Ab or Doab or Dowab or Duab (Persian: دواب), meaning "two rivers", may refer to:
* Doab, a geographical feature in India
* Do Ab, Bamiyan, a village in Bamiyan Province, Afghanistan
* Do Ab (Iran), a rural area near Tehran, Iran
* Do Ab, Gilan, a village in Gilan Province, Iran
* Do Ab Mardakh, a village in Gilan Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Hormozgan, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Ilam, a village in Ilam Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Shirvan and Chardaval, a village in Ilam Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Kangavar, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Ravansar, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
* Doab, Sahneh, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Masjed Soleyman, a village in Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Do Ab-e Bala, a village in Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Do Ab-e Huran, a village in Andimeshk County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Doab, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, a village in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran
* Do Ab-e Kalus, a village in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Markazi, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Mazandaran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Nowshahr, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Bala Do Ab, a village in Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Pain Do Ab, a village in Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Do Ab Training Camp, Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province
* Do Ab, North Khorasan, a village in North Khorasan Province, Iran
* Do Ab, Tehran, a village in Tehran Province, Iran
* Do Ab, West Azerbaijan, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Do Ab prison, a prison in Panjshir, Afghanistan
* Doab Rural District (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province), Iran
* Doab Rural District (Lorestan Province), Iran
* Do Ab-e Mikh-e Zarrin, Afghanistan
* Do Ab-e Valian, Afghanistan
* Dow Ab-e Zivdar, Iran
* Du Ab District, Afghanistan
* Kaloch Do Ab, a village in Badakhshan province, Afghanistan
# Landeck District

The Bezirk Landeck (Italian: Distretto di Landeck) is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders the district Reutte in the north, the district Imst in the east, South Tyrol (Italy) and Graubünden (Switzerland) in the south, and the district Bludenz (Vorarlberg) in the west.
The area of the district is 1,595 km$^2$. The population is 43,886 (January 1, 2015), with a population density of 28 persons per km$^2$. The administrative center is Landeck.

## Geography

The district comprises the uppermost part of the Inn valley and its tributary valleys Kaunertal, Stanzer Tal, and Paznaun. Mountain ranges in the district include parts of the Ötztal Alps, the Samnaun Alps, parts of the Verwall Alps and the Lechtal Alps, and the Arlberg area.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into 30 municipalities, one of which is a city.

### City

* Landeck (7,742)

### Municipalities

* Faggen (371)
* Fendels (270)
* Fiss (978)
* Fließ (2,921)
* Flirsch (939)
* Galtür (826)
* Grins (1,386)
* Ischgl (1,596)
* Kappl (2,625)
* Kaunerberg (402)
* Kaunertal (630)
* Kauns (472)
* Ladis (533)
* Nauders (1,558)
* Pettneu am Arlberg (1,459)
* Pfunds (2,544)
* Pians (800)
* Prutz (1,735)
* Ried im Oberinntal (1,264)
* Sankt Anton am Arlberg (2,564)
* Schönwies (1,712)
* See (1,164)
* Serfaus (1,081)
* Spiss (134)
* Stanz bei Landeck (590)
* Strengen (1,208)
* Tobadill (497)
* Tösens (669)
* Zams (3,273)
    (population numbers as of January 1, 2012)
# Emilio Blanco Izaga

Emilio Blanco Izaga (1892–1949) was a Spanish military comptroller, ethnographer and architect, who developed his career in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. He published a number of ethnographic and architectural essays on the Rif region.

## Biography

Born on 15 March 1892 in Orduña, Biscay, he licentiated from the Infantry Academy in 1913. He was destined to Larache, in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco in 1914. A military colonial comptroller in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco from 1927 to 1945, he served as delegate for Native Affairs from 1944 to 1945.
Ascribed to Africanism, according to Alfonso Iglesias Amorín, Blanco fitted better a profile in the vein of the 19th-century Spanish africanists, underpinned by a greater respect for the local population, a greater awareness of the social and cultural fabric of the Protectorate, and a preference for peaceful solutions rather than the africanomilitarismo subset embodied by the likes of Francisco Franco, José Sanjurjo, Emilio Mola, José Millán-Astray and Juan Yagüe, characterised for vying for a rapid military promotion, a lesser cultural acumen and for espousing anti-democratic views.
A Berberophile, he was weary of the Arab and French influences on the Berbers, rejecting both Western and Arab influences in the architecture of the region. Striving towards finding an ideal style from the Riffians, he projected a number of small buildings in the protectorate based on a mashup of ksar from Southern Morocco, Neo-Pharaonic egyptian architecture and Pre-Columbian models.
A keen researcher of the Riffian customary law, he praised the perks of keeping the local assemblies in force, opposed to the influence dictated by the Makhzen; he got to the point of stating "what is ridiculous (on the Part of the Spanish colonial administration) is not having protected the Rif from Sharia contamination".
He died in 1949 in Madrid.
Juan Bautista Vilar [es] has described him as "probably the most relevant Spanish rifeñista from the 20th century".

## Works

* La vivienda rifeña: ensayo de característica e interpretación con ilustraciones del autor (1930)
* El Rif. La ley rifeña: los cánones rifeños comentados (1939).
# Hotel Sacher Salzburg

The Hotel Sacher Salzburg, Austria, is Salzburg's only grand hotel, a 5 star deluxe hotel. The house is built in the style of the turn of the century, located on the shore of the Salzach river, and offers a view of the Altstadt. The hotel is located a few minutes away from the theatres of the Salzburg Festival.

## History

The Hotel Österreichischer Hof was built between 1863 and 1866 by the hotelier and master builder Carl Freiherr von Schwarz. It enjoyed popularity due to its position with members of ruling houses, noblemen, high clergymen and artist as guests.
With the beginning of the Salzburg Festival, the hotel became the social centre of the festival with the three stars, Max Reinhardt, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Richard Strauss, and the artists playing a part, living next door in the hotel to the heads of the European and overseas society.
In 1988, the Gürtler family purchased the hotel. All of its rooms and restaurants were redesigned, the interior was adapted to its historical style, and its rooms and suites were equipped with rare art treasures. In 2000, the hotel was renamed Hotel Sacher Salzburg.
# Orson Leon Crandall

Orson Leon Crandall (February 2, 1903 – May 10, 1960) was a United States Navy diver and a recipient of America's highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Orson Crandall was born on February 2, 1903, in Saint Joseph, Missouri. He enlisted in the Navy from Connecticut in June 1922, serving in several ships over the next decade. Trained as a diver in 1932–33 and designated a Master Diver in March 1939, he was serving in USS Falcon (ASR-2) when she supported the rescue and salvage effort on the sunken submarine USS Squalus from May to September 1939. Chief Boatswain's Mate Crandall was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions as Master Diver during that operation.
During World War II, Crandall became a commissioned officer and served in a variety of salvage and diving-related positions. He transferred to the Fleet Reserve in June 1946 and retired in December 1952.
Lieutenant Orson L. Crandall died on May 10, 1960, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia.

## Namesake

USS Crandall (YHLC-2), 1967–1993, was named in honor of Lieutenant Crandall.

## Medal of Honor citation

Orson Crandall's official Medal of Honor citation is as follows:
   For extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as a master diver throughout the rescue and salvage operations following the sinking of the U.S.S. Squalus on 23 May 1939. His leadership and devotion to duty in directing diving operations and in making important and difficult dives under the most hazardous conditions characterize conduct far above and beyond the ordinary call of duty.
# Old Troy, Texas

Old Troy, known as Troy, Texas, for most of its existence and the location of the Elm Creek Post Office, is a ghost town in Bell County, Texas approximately two miles north of the current city of Troy. It was settled in the 1850s with a post office named Elm Creek established in 1854.
The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad built its route south of the town in 1882 and established a station at what is now Troy. Many of Troy's residents resisted the rise of the new Troy and the school at Old Troy still had 60 students in 1903. It totally vanished by the late 1920s.
# World Mixed Doubles (snooker)

The World Mixed Doubles is a professional snooker team tournament. The reigning champions are Luca Brecel and Reanne Evans.

## History

The event was first held in 1991, at Green's Leisure Centre, Hamburg, Germany. The winners were Steve Davis and Allison Fisher, who defeated Stephen Hendry and Stacey Hillyard 5–4 in the final.
After a 30-year hiatus, the event was re-introduced during the 2022/23 snooker season. Staged in Milton Keynes, England, the 2022 edition featured four teams, comprising respectively the top four ranked players from the World Snooker Tour and the World Women's Snooker Tour. The format was a round-robin with four-frame matches, followed by a best-of-seven-frame final between the top two teams. World number four Neil Robertson and the 2022 women's world champion Mink Nutcharut defeated Mark Selby and Rebecca Kenna 4–2 in the 2022 final, receiving £30,000 each in prize money.
The event returned in the same format during the 2023/24 snooker season. The 2024 edition was staged from 30 to 31 March 2024 at Manchester Central in Manchester, England, immediately preceding the 2024 Tour Championship. Luca Brecel and Reanne Evans won the tournament, defeating Selby and Kenna 4–2 in the final.

## Winners

| Year | Winners | Runners-up | Final score | Venue | City | Season |
| 1991 | Steve Davis (ENG) Allison Fisher (ENG) | Stephen Hendry (SCO) Stacey Hillyard (ENG) | 5–4 | Green's Leisure Centre | Hamburg, Germany | 1991/92 |
| 1993 | Steve Davis (ENG) Allison Fisher (ENG) | Stephen Hendry (SCO) Stacey Hillyard (ENG) | 8–6 | | Waregem, Belgium | 1993/94 |
| 2022 | Neil Robertson (AUS) Mink Nutcharut (THA) | Mark Selby (ENG) Rebecca Kenna (ENG) | 4–2 | Marshall Arena | Milton Keynes, England | 2022/23 |
| 2024 | Luca Brecel (BEL) Reanne Evans (ENG) | Mark Selby (ENG) Rebecca Kenna (ENG) | 4–2 | Manchester Central | Manchester, England | 2023/24 |
# Daniel F. Lafean

Daniel Franklin Lafean (February 7, 1861 – April 18, 1922) was an American politician and businessman who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania from 1903 to 1913 and again from 1915 to 1917. He was the first president of the American Caramel Company.

## Biography

Lafean was born in York, Pennsylvania to German immigrants from Posen. He was engaged in candy manufacturing and in banking in York. He served as a director of the Gettysburg College and trustee of the Gettysburg Seminary in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was the first president of the American Caramel Company and was later a co-founder and president of the Keystone Color Works. He was a Freemason and served as Worshipful Master of his lodge, Zeredatha Lodge No. 451, York, in 1895.
Lafean was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth and to the four succeeding Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1912. He was elected to the Sixty-fourth Congress, but was not a candidate for renomination in 1916. He was appointed commissioner of banking of the State of Pennsylvania in 1917. He again engaged in manufacturing pursuits and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery in York, Pennsylvania.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Daniel F. Lafean (id: L000014)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
* Lafean and York Fair of 100-Years-Ago – York Daily Record (Sep. 16, 2016)
* Zeredatha-White Rose Lodge No. 451, F.&A.M.
# Alexander Coker

Alexander Coker (born 1969) was formerly a Chief Inspector of the Chemical Weapons team in Iraq, while working for the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC). Prior to that he held various other posts at UNMOVIC and had been seconded from the British Government to carry out work for UNMOVIC’s predecessor, the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM).
He holds a Ph.D from King's College London, where he published work on the stability of particular chemical systems.
It is believed Dr. Coker was a leading contributor to the chemical section of UNMOVIC’s working document on Iraq’s Unresolved Disarmament Issues and to the revision of the list of dual-use chemical items subject to notification by Iraq, under the Export/Import Mechanism approved by Security Council Resolution 1051.
Under Dr. Coker’s leadership, what is now known to have been the last remnants of chemical weapons (artillery shells containing mustard gas) were destroyed at Al Muthanna State Establishment (Iraq's former chemical weapons facility) - the shells were apparently part of an old stock pile remaining from prior to the first Gulf War.
Dr. Coker is mentioned in the evidence of the Hutton Inquiry investigation into the circumstances surrounding the death of Dr. David Kelly and by the Verification Research, Training and Information Centre (VERTIC).
# Carrizozo Commercial Historic District

The Carrizozo Commercial Historic District, in Carrizozo, New Mexico, is an 18.6 acres (7.5 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.
The listing included 30 contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and a contributing site.
It includes the Carrizozo Woman's Club, a Masonic Temple, and more.
# World Standards Cooperation

World Standards Cooperation (WSC) is an alliance of the IEC, ISO and ITU international standardization organizations with the objective to advance the voluntary consensus-based International Standards system. It was formed in 2001.
The collaboration under WSC is intended to avoid duplication of efforts, promote consistency, and facilitate the interoperability of standards across different sectors. The organizations share information and coordinate their activities to address emerging challenges and technological advancements in a rapidly evolving global landscape.
The WSC has played a crucial role in the development and maintenance of thousands of international standards across various sectors, ensuring consistency and interoperability on a global scale. Through the development of standards, the WSC has contributed to the promotion of innovation by providing a framework for the adoption of new technologies and best practices worldwide. International standards developed under the WSC help facilitate global trade by providing a common set of rules and specifications that businesses and industries can adhere to, ensuring product compatibility and quality. WSC activities have led to the harmonization of technical specifications, reducing trade barriers and promoting fair competition in the global marketplace. The standards developed by the participating organizations contribute to enhancing the safety, quality, and reliability of products, services, and systems across various industries. WSC has been involved in addressing emerging technologies and challenges, such as those related to information and communication technologies (ICTs), renewable energy, and sustainability.

## International Electrotechnical Commission

The IEC, one of the organizations within the WSC, has been actively involved in developing international standards for smart grids. Smart grids integrate advanced communication and information technologies into traditional power grids to enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.
IEC standards, such as those in the IEC 61850 series, address the interoperability and communication requirements for substation automation within smart grids. These standards help utilities and manufacturers develop systems that can seamlessly communicate and operate across different equipment and devices, leading to more efficient and reliable energy distribution.
The collaboration within the WSC ensures that these standards align with broader international efforts to create a consistent framework for smart grid implementation. By establishing common guidelines, the IEC, along with ISO and ITU, contributes to the global development and deployment of smart grid technologies, promoting energy efficiency and sustainability on a worldwide scale.
# Lao, Togo

Lao is a village in the Doufelgou Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-eastern Togo.
# Cis-THC

cis-Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol ((-)-cis-Δ$^9$-THC) is an isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol found in the Cannabis plant but in lower quantities than the more well-known trans isomer. It has similar psychoactive effects to trans-Δ$^9$-THC in tests on mice, but with only around 1/5th the potency. The equivalent Δ$^8$ isomer is also known as a synthetic compound, but has not been isolated from Cannabis plant material. All four cis/trans isomers are known, though only the (6aR,10aR) and (6aS,10aR) enantiomers are psychoactive, while the others retain activity at targets such as GPR18 and GPR55.
# Richard Wapshare

Sir Richard Wapshare, KCIE, CB, CSI (1860–1932) was a British Lieutenant General of British Indian army who served in World War I and participated in the Battle of Tanga and the Battle of Jassin. He also participated in the Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes in 1918.

## Biography

Richard was born in January 1860 as the final son of William Henry and Emma Elizabeth in Ooty. He began his education in Germany and in February 1880 became a gazetted lieutenant in the Royal Marine Light Infantry, however in November 1882 transferred to the 14th Native Infantry of the Bombay Army. In 1884 the British Indian Army officer transferred to the Hyderabad Contingent where he would remain for the rest of his regimental service. After completion of the latter he served in the 4th Cavalry and 3rd Cavalry regiments and participated in the Third Anglo-Burmese War.
In 1906, he was Assistant Adjutant-General at the Army Headquarters at Simla and remained there until 1910 when he was assigned to the Saugor Cavalry School. In 1912 he joined the Secunderabad Cavalry and later in the year transferred to the Bangalore Brigade.
When World War I broke out, Wapshare served in the East African campaign as part of the Indian Expeditionary Force. The major general commanded the brigade in the Battle of Tanga, ending in a British defeat. He was described by Richard Meinertzhagen as a "dear fatherly old gentleman, kind and considerate" but "he has little military instinct and is nervous of all responsibility, maybe because he is hopelessly ignorant on all subjects connected to his profession." Wapshare then participated in the Battle of Jassin only to end in another British defeat. He was made a CB in June 1915.
Later, back in India, he participated in the Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes and the Third Anglo-Afghan War and retired in 1925.
He died on 23 December 1932 in Cheltenham.
# Boardwalk at Lady Bird Lake

30°14′54″N 97°43′55″W﻿ / ﻿30.24833°N 97.73194°W﻿ / 30.24833; -97.73194
The Boardwalk at Lady Bird Lake is a boardwalk along Lady Bird Lake in Austin, Texas, United States.
Construction on the $28 million project was completed during October 2012 – June 2014. Artist Ken Little's art installation Belting It Out was commissioned for the boardwalk and features 36 cast bronze belts displaying lyrics by Texas singers and songwriters.
Condé Nast Traveler says, "This section of the Ann and Roy Butler Hike and Bike Trail finally links the entire whole together. Take the time to enjoy a different perspective of Austin from the many viewing areas." The boardwalk begins near the Austin American-Statesman on East Riverside.
# Madonna (disambiguation)

Madonna (born 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and actress.
Madonna may also refer to:

## People

* Mary, mother of Jesus
* Madonna (name), a given name or surname originally from Italian
* Madonna (nickname), a moniker of several individuals after the American singer
* Madonna, a nickname of Joan Baez
* Madonna, leader of 1990s gang 5T

## Art

* Madonna (art), pictorial or sculptured representations of Mary, mother of Jesus
* Madonna (Munch), an 1895 painting by Edvard Munch
* Anarchist Madonna, a photograph of Ana Garbín

## Film

* Madonna (1999 film), a Croatian film
* Madonna (2015 film), a South Korean film

## Music
### Albums

* Madonna (self titled album by the eponymous artist) (1983)
* Madonna (Alisha Chinai album) (1989)
* Madonna (...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead album) (1999)
* Madonna (EP), a 2010 EP by Secret

### Songs

* "Madonna", a 1988 song by Sparks from Interior Design
* "Madonna", a 2004 song by CocoRosie from La maison de mon rêve
* "Madonna", a 2010 song by Secret from Madonna
* "Madonna", a 2015 song by Drake from If You're Reading This It's Too Late
* "Madonna", a 2021 song by Bausa
* "Madonna", a 2021 song by Luna
* "Madonna", a 2021 song by Snail Mail from Valentine
* "Madonna" (Natanael Cano and Óscar Maydon song), 2024
* "Lady Madonna", a 1968 single by the Beatles

## Places

* Madonna di Campiglio, a village and ski resort in Trento, Italy
* Madonna di Campagna, a quarter and subway station in Turin, Italy
* Madonna, Maryland, an unincorporated community in the United States

## Education

* Madonna University, Livonia, Michigan, United States
* Madonna University, Nigeria
* Madonna English School, Laheriasarai/Darbhanga, Bihar, India
* Madonna Catholic Secondary School, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* Weirton Madonna High School, Weirton, West Virginia, United States
* Madonna Academy, predecessor of Chaminade-Madonna College Preparatory School, Hollywood, Florida, United States

## Other uses

* Madonna (book), a 2001 biography of the singer by Andrew Morton
* Madonna (studio), a Japanese adult video company
# Yu Shaoteng

Yu Shaoteng (Chinese: 余少腾; pinyin: Yú Shǎoténg; born March 26, 1979, in Guangzhou, Guangdong) is a Chinese chess Grandmaster, and is the personal trainer of chess prodigy Hou Yifan. He took part in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2002, but was knocked out in the first round by Zhang Zhong. In 2004, he became China's 17th Grandmaster at the age of 25.

## Grandmaster title

He obtained four GM norms before being awarded the GM title. They were at:
* In February 2002, 2nd Trignac Open International; score 7/9.
* In March 2002, 6th Open Anibal in Linares; score 7/10.
* In July 2004, 2nd ASEAN Masters GM in Bangkok; score 6.5/10.
* In August 2004, 3rd ASEAN Masters GM in Bangkok; score 6/10.

## National team

Yu has competed in the China national chess team in the Chess Olympiad once at the 33rd Chess Olympiad in 1998 (games played 4: +1, =2, -1), and twice at the Asian Team Chess Championships (1999–2003) (games played 7: +2, =2, -3).