OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kenneth Merkel

Kenneth John Merkel (August 9, 1926 – April 23, 2012) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for the 99th district.

## Biography

Merkel was born on August 9, 1926, in Marshfield, Wisconsin to Wendelin and Marie Merkel. After graduating from Marshfield High School, Markel served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. After being discharged in 1945, Merkel briefly attended Michigan State College before graduating from Marquette University in 1949 with a Bachelor of Science degree. Merkel worked as an electrical engineer at Kearney and Trecker.

## Political career

Merkel was first elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1964, representing Waukesha County's First Assembly District. After redistricting in 1972, he was reelected to represent the 99th District in the Assembly.
Merkel was a member of the John Birch Society and a fierce defender of Senator Joseph McCarthy, even after his death. At a ceremony marking the tenth anniversary of Senator McCarthy's death, Merkel was a featured speaker, stating that "McCarthyism, a derogatory term coined by the press, is our reminder of Joe's great fight against Communism. You and I are going to have to carry on the work of the great Sen. McCarthy."
Merkel's house in Brookfield, Wisconsin was the target of picketing led by Father James Groppi several times 1969, given Merkel's support for cuts to welfare. After the second round of picketing at his house, Brookfield adopted an ordinance prohibiting residential picketing; when protesters returned the following week to picket, they were promptly arrested.
Merkel retired from the assembly in 1974. After Merkel declared that he would not run for re-election to the Assembly, Governor Patrick Lucey appointed him to a seat on the Wisconsin State Elections Board, the predecessor to the Wisconsin Elections Commission, in July 1974, where he served for several years. Merkel also served as an alderman for the city of Brookfield, Wisconsin.
# Deus (board game)

Deus is a civilisation-themed board game designed by Sébastien Dujardin, illustrated by Ian Parovel, Maëva Da Silva, Christine Deschamps & Paul Laffont, published in 2014 by Pearl Games and distributed by Asmodee.

## Gameplay

In Deus, players work to develop their civilizations. Players start the game with five cards to build their realm. There are six types of cards, each of a different color: green for resources, red for military, brown to get points, yellow for effects, purple for temples, and blue for merchants. Each time a player constructs a building in a specific location, he must discard the corresponding card to his personal board and then gain effects. The particularity of the game comes from the way players manage their board and the main terrain, as well as their approach to design.

## Expansions
### Add-On Expansion

Source:
* Deus: Egypt adding a few more cards and renewing the whole mechanism.

## Reception

Despite its niche, Deus was acclaimed for its fresh approach with many awards. The game was nominated and selected by As d'Or 2015, 2014 Meeple's Choice, 2014 Board Game of the Year and 2014 Strategy Game of the Year, as well as the 2015 Kennerspiel Spiel des Jahres (Game of the Year) award nomination.
# Wrightsville Historic District

The Wrightsville Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Wrightsville in York County, Pennsylvania.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## History and architectural features

This district includes 350 contributing buildings and five contributing structures that are located in the central business district and surround residential areas of Wrightsville. A majority of the dwellings are small, frame, vernacular, workers' houses that date to the nineteenth century. More substantial brick and stone dwellings date to as early as the 1790s.
Notable industrial buildings and structures include the Wrightsville Hardware Complex, the McConkey Building, the Wrightsville silk mill, and lime kilns.
This district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# MV Tyrronall

Tyrronall was a 248 GRT Coaster that was built in 1935 as the 199 GRT schooner Heimat by Flender Werke AG, Lübeck, Germany for German owners. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and was renamed Empire Contamar.
In 1947, she ran aground at St Austell, Cornwall. Although refloated she was declared a constructive total loss. She was rebuilt as a motor vessel, sold into merchant service and renamed Tyrronall. Further rebuilds were undertaken in 1950 and 1961, when she was sold to Ireland. She was sold to a British owner in 1968 and served until 1974, when she was scrapped in Santander, Spain.

## Description

The ship was built in 1935 by Lübecker Flender-Werke AG, Lübeck. As built, the ship was 107 feet 0 inches (32.61 m) long, with a beam of 23 feet 1 inch (7.04 m) and a depth of 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m). Built as a 3-masted schooner, the ship was also propelled by a 4-stroke Single Cycle Single Acting diesel engine, which had 4 cylinders of 1011⁄16 inches (27 cm) diameter by 169⁄16 inches (42 cm) stroke. The engines were built by Deutsche Werke AG, Kiel.

## History

Heimat was built for Hugo Rubarth, Hamburg. On 29 May 1943, she rescued the crew of the Swedish cargo ship Gondul, which had hit a magnetic mine and sank off Wismar, Germany. In 1945, Heimat was seized by the Allies at Kiel. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Contamar.
On 22 March 1947, Empire Contamar ran aground in St Austell Bay. Coxwain Joseph Watters of the Fowey lifeboat was awarded a RNLI Bronze Medal for his action in rescuing the seven crew. Empire Contamar was refloated in June 1947, but was declared a constructive total loss.
Empire Contamar was sold to F J Tyrrell, Cardiff. She was rebuilt as a 248 GRT coaster at a shipyard on the Clyde and was renamed Tyrronall. Further rebuilds were undertaken in 1950 and 1961. In the latter year, Tyrronall was sold to J Tyrrell, Dublin. In 1966, Arklow Shipping Ltd was formed in Arklow. Tyrronall was one of the original seven ships owned by the company. In 1968, Tyrronall was sold to A J Gough, Hornchurch, United Kingdom, but retained her Irish registry. In 1973, she was sold to M A Smith, St Peter Port, Guernsey and J E Fenton, Chagford. She was converted to a salvage ship and operated under the management of Underwater Operations Co Ltd. She was scrapped at Santander, Spain in June 1974.
# Debbie Russ

Debbie Russ (born 2 August 1960) is a British actress and radio presenter.
She is mainly known for playing Tiger in the UK television show Here Come the Double Deckers (1970–71), and also appeared in ITC adventure shows including The Adventurer and The Protectors.
Russ works as a newsreader on BBC World Service radio. She is also a presenter on BBC Radio 4 Extra.
# Renfred Dazel

Renfred Leroy Dazel (born 4 May 1981) is a South African rugby union coach and former player.

## Biography

Raised in Paarl, Dazel was educated at Paulus Joubert Secondary School.
Dazel competed in the Currie Cup for the Boland Cavaliers and played on the South Africa national rugby sevens team from 2005 to 2012. He represented South Africa at two Commonwealth Games, won a IRB Sevens World Series title in 2008–09 and was one of the nominees for the 2009 IRB Men's Sevens Player of the Year.
After retiring as a player, Dazel made the transition into coaching. He was appointed full-time coach of the South Africa women's national rugby sevens team in 2023, having previously held the role from 2013 to 2017.
# Michael Gilmore (basketball)

Michael Gilmore (born January 15, 1995) is an American-Belgian professional basketball player for the UCC Assigeco Piacenza of the Serie A2. He played college basketball for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) and for Florida Gulf Coast. He is the nephew of former NBA player Artis Gilmore.

## High school career

Gilmore attended James S. Rickards in Tallahassee, Florida.

## College career

Gilmore played three years of college basketball at Virginia Commonwealth University and one year in Florida Gulf Coast.

## Professional career
### Phoienix Hagen

After going undrafted in the 2019 NBA draft, Gilmore joined Phoenix Hagen of the ProA.

### Ostende

On December 30. 2020, Gilmore joined Oostende of the Belgian League

### NBA G League and Mexico

After some brief stints with Wisconsin Herd and Raptors 905, Gilmore joined Rayos de Hermosillo in Mexico.

### Lulea

For the 2022–2023 season, Gilmore joined Luleå of the Basketligan. He went on to average 18.1 points, 8.8 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game.

### PAOK Thessaloniki

On August 14, 2023, he signed a one-year contract with PAOK Thessaloniki of the Greek Basket League.

### Openjobmetis Varese

On March 21, 2024, Gilmore signed with Openjobmetis Varese of the Lega Basket Serie A.

### Liaoning Flying Leopards

In June 2024, Gilmore signed with the Liaoning Flying Leopards for the 2024 Basketball Champions League Asia.

### Büyükçekmece Basketbol

On October 3, 2024, he signed with ONVO Büyükçekmece of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL).

### UCC Assigeco Piacenza

On January 10, 2025, Gilmore signed with the UCC Assigeco Piacenza of the Serie A2.

## National team career

Gilmore is a member of the senior Belgium men's national basketball team. His mother was born in Belgium, so he gained Belgium chitizenship, and played for the men's team under coach Dario Gjergja.
# Agaleorhynchus

Agaleorhynchus is an extinct genus of sclerorhynchoid from the Cretaceous period. It is named after Professor Andy Gale, in recognition of his work on Cretaceous chalk stratigraphy. It is known from a single species, A. britannicus, which is currently restricted to the middle Santonian to early Campanian of southern England.
# Slave raid of Suðuroy

The Slave raid of Suðuroy was a slave raid by pirates from Northwest Africa that took place on Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands in the summer of 1629. It resulted in the abduction of over thirty people, mainly women and children, who were evidently not ransomed and lived their lives in slavery on the Barbary Coast of North Africa.

## Background

The isolated Faroe Islands had a long history of problems with pirates as well as fishermen intruding on the islands' fishing waters. Because of its geographical position, and its small population with limited possibilities to defend themselves, the islands became a popular resting place for pirates, who stopped along its beaches to pause. During those pauses, the poor and defenseless population were sometimes exposed to pillage and theft, and were unable to defend themselves other than by running to high mountainous terrain and by throwing stones at the pirates. Raids by Irish, English and Barbary pirates became worse in the early 17th-century.
In 1607, both Iceland and the Faroe Islands were subjected to a slave raid by the Barbary pirates, who abducted hundreds of people for the slave markets of North Africa.

## The raid

In the summer of 1629, three Barbary pirate ships with 500 pirates entered the bay of Hvalba in Suðuroy. They had a Faroese guide, the brother of the owner of the Nøstgaard farm, who felt that his brother had cheated him on his inheritance, and who showed the pirates to his brother's farm and the rest of the parish.
Parishioners fled to hide in caves and between rocks in the highlands. Six people were reportedly killed during the pillage, while over thirty women and children were abducted. Among the children taken were the seven-year-old son of the parish vicar Hr. Povel. The vicar reportedly, in his desperation, sang a galdr song against the pirate ship containing his son. This was seen as the reason that this ship went aground, which caused all on the ship, including the vicar's son, to drown, causing his father to become mentally unstable for the rest of his life.
The remaining ships left the island the day after the attack. Those inhabitants in hiding testified afterward, that they could hear the cries from the captives from inside the pirate ships when they left.

## Legacy

On 6 July 1629, the survivors and authorities wrote a letter to King Christian IV to ask for his protection against the pirates. When informed about the women and children abducted, the king ordered the Faroese population to collect a ransom for the prisoners to save them from slavery. However, the Faroese replied that the poverty caused by several years of piracy on the island, had made it impossible to collect the money necessary to buy the prisoners back.
Skansin fortress in Thorshavn was built in 1630 by order of the King to enable the population to defend themselves. Pirate raids continued throughout the seventeenth century, however no successful raids are noted until the 1660s.
# Dehri Rohtas Light Railway

Dehri Rohtas Light Railway (DRLR) was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway line between Dehri-On-Sone and Tiura Pipara Dih in the state of Bihar, India.

## History

The Dehri Rohtas Light Railway started off as Dehri Rohtas Tramway Company in 1907 promoted by The Octavius Steel and Company of Calcutta. The original contract was to build a 40 km feeder line from Rohtas to the East Indian Railway's Delhi - Calcutta trunk route at Dehri-on-Sone. Soon thereafter, the tramway company was incorporated as a light railway in order to acquire the assets of the then defunct Dwara - Therria Light Railway in Assam. The DRLR opened to traffic in 1911 and was booming by 1913-14 when it carried over 50,000 passengers and 90,000 tons of freight, the goods traffic mainly consisting of marble and stone. In 1927, a 2.5 km spur was added to Rohtasgarh Fort from Rohtas. Rohtas Industries brought the line up to Tiura Pipradih by adding another 25 km to the DRLR, most of which passed through their property.

## Operation

At its peak, the DRLR used to operate two daily passengers trains in each direction from Dehri-on-Sone and Tiura Pipradih, a run of 67 km. Apart from this the railway carried marble and stone traffic to the mainline at Dehri on sone.

## Locomotives

The DRLR operated a very mixed bag of locomotives. It started off with 0-6-2 tank locomotives, three of which arrived from the Dwara - Therria Railway after it closed in 1909. In the pre IRS years, it also used 0-6-0, 0-4-0 (Sentinel) and 0-6-4 variants of tank locomotives. After the wartime increase in traffic the railway brought as many as eight new ZB class 2-6-2 tender locomotives, orders for which were equally split between Hudswell Clarke and Krauss Maffei. The railway also purchased several locomotives, second hand, notable among which were the A/1 class 2-8-4T locomotives built by Hudswell Clarke that arrived from the Pulgaon - Arvi system of Central Railway in 1959. Other unique locomotives that operated on DRLR were the several ex. Kalka - Simla Railway K class 2-6-2T engines by Kerr Stuart and 2-6-4T engines by Henschel that arrived from the Shahdara–Saharanpur Light Railway.
In 1936, the company owned six locomotives, three railcars, eleven coaches and 132 goods wagons.

## Classification

It was labeled as a Class III railway according to Indian Railway Classification System of 1926.

## Closure

Due to the decline in the traffic and competition to road in the late 1970s, the DRLR succumbed and closed to traffic on July 16, 1984.

## Restoration plan

Restoration of Dehri-Rohtas Light Railway in Broad Gauge from Sasaram Junction to Tiura Pipradih was planned & started in 1999/2000 year. As per new plan, new BG Line was to be 81 kilometres (50 mi) with a 24 kilometres (15 mi) line connecting Deorikalan & Japla through a long 2.7225 kilometres (8,932 ft) Bridge on River Sone. But the project was scrapped due to lack of enthusiasm from Bihar Government post creation of Jharkhand in 2004 year. Pillars of the not constructed Bridge can be still viewed at Deorikalan even today. The restoration project may be started in 2024 as per local demands.
# Matej Vuk

Matej Vuk (born 10 June 2000) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Croatian First Football League club Istra 1961 and the Croatia national under-21 team.

## Club career

Born in Čakovec, Međimurje County, growing up in Čehovec near Prelog, Vuk started training football at the local NK Mladost Prelog at the age of 7. Following stints at NK Međimurje and NK Čakovec, Vuk joined the HNK Rijeka academy at the age of 14, where went through all remaining ranks. However, he made his first senior appearances on loan at Inter Zaprešić in 2018. He played his first professional match on 28 July 2018, on the opening day of the 2018–19 season against Lokomotiva. He was in the starting lineup as Zaprešić lost by a score of 0–4 away at Stadion Kranjčevićeva.
In September 2020, Vuk was sent on a one-season loan to Istra. He immediately scored in his first appearance for Istra, opening the score against HNK Gorica on 19 September 2020, as the match ended 2–2. He finished the season as the top goalscorer for the club, scoring six goals in 30 total appearances, before returning to Rijeka.
In December 2022 Vuk rejoined NK Istra 1961, signing a contract until 2025.

## International career

Having played for numerous national youth teams, Vuk made his debut for the Croatia under-21 team against Lithuania on 17 November 2020. He was in the starting lineup before being replaced by Luka Ivanušec at half-time in a 7–0 win. He was selected to compete in the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where he initially replaced an injured Luka Sučić, but had to withdraw from the tournament himself due to an injury.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 16 December 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Rijeka | 2018–19 | 1. HNL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Rijeka | 2019–20 | 1. HNL | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 1 |
| Rijeka | 2020–21 | 1. HNL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Rijeka | 2021–22 | 1. HNL | 18 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 1 |
| Rijeka | 2022–23 | 1. HNL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Rijeka | Total | Total | 23 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 2 |
| Inter Zaprešić (loan) | 2018–19 | 1. HNL | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| iClinic Sereď (loan) | 2019–20 | Fortuna Liga | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 4 |
| Istra (loan) | 2020–21 | 1. HNL | 26 | 6 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 6 |
| Istra | 2022–23 | 1. HNL | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Istra | 2023–24 | 1. HNL | 14 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 3 |
| Istra | Total | Total | 29 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 31 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 99 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112 | 15 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in the UEFA Europa Conference League

## Honours

Rijeka
* Croatian Cup: 2018–19, 2019–20
# 1891 Allegheny Athletic Association football season

The Allegheny Athletic Association played its second season of American football in 1891. Led by manager and captain O. D. Thompson, the team compiled a record of 2–2–1.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 24 | Greensburg Athletic Association | Exposition ParkAllegheny, PA | W 10–0 |
| October 31 | at Cleveland Athletic Club | Cleveland AC fieldCleveland, OH | L 4–22 |
| November 7 | Dayton Athletic Club | Exposition ParkAllegheny, PA | L 6–10 |
| November 14 | Washington & Jefferson | Exposition ParkAllegheny, PA | W 8–4 |
| November 21 | Cleveland Athletic Club | Exposition ParkAllegheny, PA | T 6–6 |
# Velocity dispersion

In astronomy, the velocity dispersion (σ) is the statistical dispersion of velocities about the mean velocity for a group of astronomical objects, such as an open cluster, globular cluster, galaxy, galaxy cluster, or supercluster. By measuring the radial velocities of the group's members through astronomical spectroscopy, the velocity dispersion of that group can be estimated and used to derive the group's mass from the virial theorem. Radial velocity is found by measuring the Doppler width of spectral lines of a collection of objects; the more radial velocities one measures, the more accurately one knows their dispersion. A central velocity dispersion refers to the σ of the interior regions of an extended object, such as a galaxy or cluster.
The relationship between velocity dispersion and matter (or the observed electromagnetic radiation emitted by this matter) takes several forms – specific correlations – in astronomy based on the object(s) being observed. Notably, the M–σ relation applies for material orbiting many black holes, the Faber–Jackson relation for elliptical galaxies, and the Tully–Fisher relation for spiral galaxies. For example, the σ found for objects about the Milky Way's supermassive black hole (SMBH) is about 100 km/s, which provides an approximation of the mass of this SMBH. The Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31) hosts a SMBH about 10 times larger than our own, and has a σ ≈ 160 km/s.
Groups and clusters of galaxies have more disparate (contrasting in degree) velocity dispersions than smaller objects. For example, while our own poor group, the Local Group, has a σ = 61±8 km/s, rich clusters of galaxies, such as the Coma Cluster, have a σ ≈ 1,000 km/s. The dwarf elliptical galaxies within Coma, as with all galaxies, have their own internal velocity dispersion for their stars, which is a σ ≲ 80 km/s, typically. Normal elliptical galaxies, by comparison, have an average σ ≈ 200 km/s.
For spiral galaxies, the increase in velocity dispersion in population I stars is a gradual process which likely results from the near-random incidence of momentum exchanges, specifically dynamical friction, between individual stars and large interstellar media (gas and dust clouds) with masses greater than 10$^5$ M$_☉$. Face-on spiral galaxies have a central σ ≲ 90 km/s; slightly more if viewed edge-on.
# Begum Zaffar Ali

Begum Zaffar Ali, née Sahibzaadi Syeda Fatima, was an Indian women's rights activist and the first woman matriculate of the Indian state of Kashmir and Jammu who went on to become Inspector of Schools in Kashmir. She was an educationist, women's liberation activist, deputy director of education and later a legislator in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. She was associated with the activities of the All India Women's Conference and was its secretary before partition, but a chance meeting with Muhammad Ali Jinnah and his sister, Fatima Jinnah in Kashmir, who would later visit the family for banquets, influenced her and she left the conference to concentrate her efforts in women's liberation movements in the pre-independent India.

## Biography

Begum Ali was born in 1901 to Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain Thakur, Home and Judicial Minister during Maharaja Hari Singh's rule. She began her career as a teacher in 1925 at the Girls' Mission High School (present day Mallinson Girls School). A staunch believer in women's rights, she went door to door to raise awareness regarding girls' education in the Valley and persevered to empower them through education. Her speeches at Public events inspired adulation among the women who started sending their girls to schools. Begum was married to Agha Zaffar Ali Qizilbash, a scion of an aristocratic Afghan family settled in the Kashmir region of India. The couple had three sons, Agha Nasir Ali-IAS, a civil servant who retired as Labour Secretary of India in 1977, Agha Shaukat Ali, who joined civil services of Pakistan during the partition of India in 1947. Begum's youngest son is Agha Ashraf Ali, an academic who retired as Commissioner of Higher Education in Jammu and Kashmir The Veiled Suite: The Collected Poem, an anthology written by her grandson Agha Shahid Ali, a noted Kashmiri-American poet, features a poem in memory of her. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1987. Later in a Doordarshan interview, she announced to return the award in protest against the undemocratic policies of the Government. She moved to the United States in the 1990s and lived there with her son Agha Shaukat Ali until her death in 1999.