# Hampden County, Massachusetts

42°08′N 72°38′W﻿ / ﻿42.14°N 72.63°W﻿ / 42.14; -72.63
Hampden County is a non-governmental county located in the Pioneer Valley of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Hampden County's population was 465,825. Its traditional county seat is Springfield, the Connecticut River Valley's largest city, and economic and cultural capital; with an estimated population of 154,758, approximately one-third of Hampden County residents live in Springfield.

## History

Springfield had been Hampshire County's traditional shire town since its founding in 1636, then in 1794 Northampton was made Hampshire County's shire town. Springfield grew at a pace far quicker than Northampton, so was granted shire town-status over its own southerly jurisdiction. The southern division of Hampshire County was separated as Hampden County on August 1, 1812, by a prior act of the Massachusetts General Court on February 25, 1812, with Springfield named as the shire town. The agreement of settlement (regarding assets, liabilities, income and expenses) made between Hampden and Hampshire counties in November 1812 can be found in the Court of Sessions Record Book 1, pages 5–6 of the Hampden County Commissioners' Archives, housed in the Registry of Deeds. Hampden County was named for parliamentarian John Hampden, and is the youngest county by establishment date in the state.
To the north of Hampden County is modern-day Hampshire County; to the west is Berkshire County; to the east is Worcester County; to the south are Litchfield County, Hartford County, and Tolland County in Connecticut. Hampden County is part of the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the most urban county in Western Massachusetts. The Knowledge Corridor surrounding Springfield-Hartford is New England's second most populous urban area (after Greater Boston) with 1.9 million people.

## Law and government

As with most Massachusetts counties, Hampden County exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government. All former county functions were assumed by state agencies in 1998. The sheriff and some other regional officials with specific duties are still elected locally to perform duties within the county borders, but there is no county council, county commission or other county governing body. Communities are now granted the right to form their own regional compacts for sharing services. Hampden County and Hampshire County together are part of the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission.

## Government and politics

United States presidential election results for Hampden County, Massachusetts :
| Year | Republican / Whig | Republican / Whig | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 92,474 | 44.33% | 110,937 | 53.18% | 5,193 | 2.49% |
| 2020 | 87,318 | 40.02% | 125,948 | 57.73% | 4,911 | 2.25% |
| 2016 | 78,685 | 38.18% | 112,590 | 54.63% | 14,826 | 7.19% |
| 2012 | 73,392 | 36.62% | 123,619 | 61.69% | 3,388 | 1.69% |
| 2008 | 71,350 | 36.09% | 121,454 | 61.43% | 4,916 | 2.49% |
| 2004 | 70,925 | 38.00% | 113,710 | 60.93% | 2,004 | 1.07% |
| 2000 | 59,558 | 34.61% | 100,103 | 58.17% | 12,432 | 7.22% |
| 1996 | 48,513 | 28.17% | 105,050 | 60.99% | 18,676 | 10.84% |
| 1992 | 54,621 | 29.01% | 86,026 | 45.69% | 47,618 | 25.29% |
| 1988 | 74,872 | 43.17% | 97,332 | 56.13% | 1,216 | 0.70% |
| 1984 | 89,330 | 51.05% | 84,985 | 48.57% | 656 | 0.37% |
| 1980 | 72,528 | 40.36% | 80,369 | 44.72% | 26,823 | 14.92% |
| 1976 | 70,008 | 37.78% | 110,028 | 59.38% | 5,254 | 2.84% |
| 1972 | 86,164 | 47.31% | 94,945 | 52.13% | 1,024 | 0.56% |
| 1968 | 55,783 | 31.31% | 111,376 | 62.52% | 10,991 | 6.17% |
| 1964 | 44,299 | 24.86% | 133,085 | 74.67% | 835 | 0.47% |
| 1960 | 72,054 | 37.17% | 121,061 | 62.46% | 713 | 0.37% |
| 1956 | 104,689 | 55.87% | 81,743 | 43.63% | 935 | 0.50% |
| 1952 | 98,641 | 51.86% | 90,936 | 47.81% | 616 | 0.32% |
| 1948 | 70,256 | 41.89% | 94,609 | 56.41% | 2,855 | 1.70% |
| 1944 | 63,293 | 40.71% | 91,819 | 59.05% | 374 | 0.24% |
| 1940 | 64,502 | 41.67% | 89,477 | 57.80% | 817 | 0.53% |
| 1936 | 51,288 | 36.59% | 80,164 | 57.19% | 8,728 | 6.23% |
| 1932 | 55,032 | 44.51% | 63,189 | 51.11% | 5,408 | 4.37% |
| 1928 | 56,063 | 47.18% | 62,056 | 52.23% | 703 | 0.59% |
| 1924 | 46,489 | 59.97% | 19,079 | 24.61% | 11,947 | 15.41% |
| 1920 | 46,741 | 68.92% | 19,156 | 28.25% | 1,923 | 2.84% |
| 1916 | 18,207 | 50.19% | 17,028 | 46.94% | 1,042 | 2.87% |
| 1912 | 11,393 | 37.45% | 10,620 | 34.91% | 8,410 | 27.64% |
| 1908 | 14,485 | 52.19% | 9,910 | 35.71% | 3,358 | 12.10% |
| 1904 | 14,962 | 57.61% | 9,369 | 36.07% | 1,640 | 6.31% |
| 1900 | 13,757 | 54.70% | 10,424 | 41.45% | 970 | 3.86% |
| 1896 | 16,064 | 68.67% | 6,787 | 29.01% | 541 | 2.31% |
| 1892 | 11,373 | 48.82% | 11,228 | 48.20% | 693 | 2.98% |
| 1888 | 9,577 | 49.71% | 9,177 | 47.64% | 511 | 2.65% |
| 1884 | 7,897 | 47.76% | 7,245 | 43.81% | 1,394 | 8.43% |
| 1880 | 8,673 | 57.67% | 6,195 | 41.20% | 170 | 1.13% |
| 1876 | 7,963 | 54.66% | 6,605 | 45.34% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1872 | 6,565 | 61.56% | 4,100 | 38.44% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1868 | 6,760 | 64.61% | 3,702 | 35.39% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 6,356 | 68.71% | 2,894 | 31.29% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 5,184 | 64.28% | 1,993 | 24.71% | 888 | 11.01% |
| 1856 | 5,533 | 62.21% | 2,730 | 30.69% | 631 | 7.09% |
| 1852 | 3,458 | 44.50% | 3,545 | 45.62% | 767 | 9.87% |
| 1848 | 3,306 | 43.21% | 3,061 | 40.01% | 1,284 | 16.78% |
| 1844 | 3,416 | 45.79% | 3,593 | 48.16% | 451 | 6.05% |
| 1840 | 3,441 | 50.09% | 3,312 | 48.21% | 117 | 1.70% |
| 1836 | 2,262 | 48.83% | 2,370 | 51.17% | 0 | 0.00% |
Voter registration and party enrollment as of February 2024 :
| | Unenrolled | 219,200 | 62.5% |
| | Democratic | 91,495 | 26.09% |
| | Republican | 35,661 | 10.17% |
| | Libertarian | 1,416 | 0.4% |
| | Other parties | 2,971 | 0.85% |
| Total | Total | 350,743 | 100% |

## Geography

1234567891011121314151617181920212223 :
| 1 | Chester |
| 2 | Blandford |
| 3 | Tolland |
| 4 | Granville |
| 5 | Russell |
| 6 | Montgomery |
| 7 | Westfield |
| 8 | Southwick |
| 9 | Holyoke |
| 10 | Chicopee |
| 11 | West Springfield |
| 12 | Springfield |
| 13 | Agawam |
| 14 | Longmeadow |
| 15 | East Longmeadow |
| 16 | Ludlow |
| 17 | Wilbraham |
| 18 | Hampden |
| 19 | Palmer |
| 20 | Monson |
| 21 | Brimfield |
| 22 | Wales |
| 23 | Holland |
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 634 square miles (1,640 km$^2$), of which 617 square miles (1,600 km$^2$) is land and 17 square miles (44 km$^2$) (2.7%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Hampshire County (north)
* Worcester County (east)
* Tolland County, Connecticut (southeast)
* Hartford County, Connecticut (south)
* Litchfield County, Connecticut (southwest)
* Berkshire County (west)

### Communities
#### Cities

* Agawam
* Chicopee
* Holyoke
* Palmer
* Springfield (traditional county seat)
* West Springfield
* Westfield

#### Towns

* Blandford
* Brimfield
* Chester
* East Longmeadow
* Granville
* Hampden
* Holland
* Longmeadow
* Ludlow
* Monson
* Montgomery
* Russell
* Southwick
* Tolland
* Wales
* Wilbraham

#### Census-designated places

* Blandford
* Chester
* Holland
* Monson Center
* Russell
* Wilbraham

#### Other unincorporated communities

* Bondsville
* Depot Village
* Feeding Hills
* Three Rivers
* Woronoco

#### City neighborhoods

The following are neighborhoods located in Springfield or West Springfield.
* Bay
* Boston Road
* Brightwood
* East Forest Park
* East Springfield
* Forest Park
* Indian Orchard
* Liberty Heights
* McKnight
* Memorial Square
* Merrick
* Metro Center
* Old Hill
* Pine Point
* Six Corners and Maple Heights
* Sixteen Acres
* South End
* Upper Hill
The following are neighborhoods located in Chicopee.
* Aldenville
* Burnett Road
* Chicopee Center (Cabotville)
* Chicopee Falls
* Fairview
* Smith Highlands
* Westover
* Willimansett
The following are neighborhoods located in Holyoke.
* Churchill
* Downtown
* Elmwood
* The Flats
* Highlands
* Highland Park
* Homestead Avenue
* Ingleside
* Jarvis Avenue
* Oakdale
* Rock Valley
* Smith's Ferry
* South Holyoke
* Springdale
* Whiting Farms

### National Parks

* Springfield Armory National Historic Site

### State parks

* Brimfield State Forest
* Chester-Blandford State Forest
* Chicopee Memorial State Park
* Connecticut River Greenway State Park
* Hampton Ponds State Park
* Holyoke Heritage State Park
* Lake Lorraine State Park (CLOSED)
* Mount Tom State Reservation
* Tolland State Forest

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 463,490 people, 179,927 households, and 115,961 families residing in the county. The population density was 751.0 inhabitants per square mile (290.0/km$^2$). There were 192,175 housing units at an average density of 311.4 per square mile (120.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 76.5% white, 9.0% black or African American, 2.0% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 9.2% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 20.9% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were:
* 17.9% Puerto Rican
* 17.4% Irish
* 12.7% French
* 11.0% Polish
* 10.8% Italian
* 8.8% English
* 6.0% German
* 5.5% French Canadian
* 2.6% American
* 2.2% Portuguese
* 2.0% Scottish
* 1.6% Russian
* 1.4% West Indian
* 1.3% Scotch-Irish
* 1.1% Swedish
Of the 179,927 households, 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.6% were non-families, and 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 38.6 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $47,724 and the median income for a family was $61,061. Males had a median income of $50,207 versus $37,765 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,718. About 13.2% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.5% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

### Demographic breakdown by town
#### Income

The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list are reflective if the census designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
| Rank | Town | | Per capita income | Median household income | Median family income | Population | Number of households |
| 1 | Longmeadow | Town | $50,203 | $100,092 | $111,803 | 15,772 | 5,605 |
| 2 | Wilbraham | Town | $39,372 | $88,839 | $107,871 | 14,145 | 5,393 |
| 3 | Hampden | Town | $38,396 | $79,773 | $103,173 | 5,134 | 1,960 |
| 4 | Montgomery | Town | $36,575 | $78,125 | $90,313 | 742 | 291 |
| 5 | Tolland | Town | $36,567 | $67,083 | $75,625 | 434 | 164 |
| 6 | Blandford | Town | $36,412 | $78,875 | $82,656 | 1,174 | 462 |
| | Massachusetts | State | $35,051 | $65,981 | $83,371 | 6,512,227 | 2,522,409 |
| 7 | East Longmeadow | Town | $34,417 | $76,517 | $89,570 | 15,555 | 5,660 |
| 8 | Southwick | Town | $33,753 | $74,721 | $86,915 | 9,425 | 3,657 |
| 9 | Wales | Town | $32,129 | $60,938 | $70,536 | 1,914 | 773 |
| 10 | Granville | Town | $32,050 | $71,667 | $85,625 | 1,444 | 554 |
| 11 | Brimfield | Town | $31,671 | $78,380 | $86,695 | 3,582 | 1,385 |
| 12 | Monson | Town | $31,274 | $70,485 | $86,333 | 8,531 | 3,318 |
| | Monson Center | CDP | $29,938 | $50,242 | $51,691 | 1,880 | 846 |
| 13 | Agawam | City | $29,914 | $65,339 | $76,258 | 28,408 | 11,506 |
| 14 | Holland | Town | $29,835 | $69,565 | $79,779 | 2,595 | 998 |
| 15 | West Springfield | City | $27,946 | $54,251 | $63,954 | 28,320 | 11,571 |
| | United States | Country | $27,915 | $52,762 | $64,293 | 306,603,772 | 114,761,359 |
| 16 | Palmer | City | $27,694 | $50,864 | $58,144 | 12,161 | 5,006 |
| 17 | Ludlow | Town | $27,644 | $60,694 | $73,048 | 21,131 | 7,876 |
| 18 | Chester | Town | $27,630 | $56,711 | $69,063 | 1,320 | 528 |
| 19 | Westfield | City | $26,605 | $53,772 | $72,210 | 41,025 | 15,207 |
| 20 | Russell | Town | $25,600 | $60,398 | $72,759 | 1,846 | 681 |
| | Hampden County | County | $25,363 | $48,866 | $61,800 | 462,752 | 177,954 |
| 21 | Chicopee | City | $23,703 | $45,763 | $58,118 | 55,205 | 23,136 |
| 22 | Holyoke | City | $20,370 | $33,915 | $42,033 | 39,897 | 16,012 |
| 23 | Springfield | City | $18,483 | $35,603 | $41,454 | 152,992 | 56,211 |

## Education
### Colleges and universities

* American International College
* Bay Path University
* Elms College
* Holyoke Community College
* Springfield College
* Springfield Technical Community College
* Western New England University
   * Western New England University School of Law
* Westfield State University

### Public school districts

* Agawam Public Schools
* Chicopee Public Schools
* East Longmeadow Public Schools
* Gateway Regional School District (Blandford, Chester, Huntington, Middlefield, Montgomery, Russell and Worthington)
* Hampden-Wilbraham Regional School District
* Holyoke Public Schools
* Longmeadow Public Schools
* Monson Public Schools
* Palmer Public Schools
* Southwick-Tolland-Granville Regional School District
* Springfield Public Schools
* Westfield Public Schools
* West Springfield Public Schools

### Other institutions

Although no county government exists in Hampden County, a number of private associations, mainly representing trades remain identified with Hampden County. For example the Hampden Agricultural Society opened Hampden Park in Springfield in 1853. To maintain current training among municipal inspectors, in 2005 the nongovernmental Hampden County Plumbing & Gas Inspectors Association was formed. The Hampden County Bar Association provides support and resources to the legal community and those seeking such representation. In part a legacy of the Eastern States Exposition, the Hampden County Improvement League, and Hampden County Beekeepers Association, both provide agricultural education and outreach. The Hampden County Radio Association, an affiliate of the ARRL, offers training in amateur radio and related technology.

## Transportation
### Major highways

* I-84
* I-90
* I-91
* I-291
* I-391
* US 5
* US 20
* US 202
* Route 8
* Route 19
* Route 20A
* Route 21
* Route 23
* Route 32
* Route 57
* Route 67
* Route 75
* Route 83
* Route 116
* Route 141
* Route 147
* Route 159
* Route 168
* Route 181
* Route 186
* Route 189
* Route 192
* Route 220

### Public transportation

Hampden County is served by both bus and rail service, with intermodal connections at Springfield Union Station, and Holyoke station via the Holyoke Transportation Center. Additionally the region is served by the Westfield-Barnes Regional Airport, and Westover Metropolitan Airport. A bike share program, ValleyBike, connects Springfield, Chicopee, Holyoke and West Springfield to points north in Hampshire County.

#### Bus

* PVTA
* Peter Pan Bus Lines

#### Rail

* Hartford Line
* Valley Flyer