OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karlo Aspeling

Karlo Gericke Aspeling (born 13 December 1987) is a South African rugby union player for the Eastern Province Elephants in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is fly half.

## Career

He started his career playing for local team SWD Eagles in the 2006 Under–19 and Under-21 Provincial Championship competitions.
He was included in the UP Tuks Varsity Cup team in 2011 and in the NMMU Madibaz team in 2012 but failed to make an appearance.
He then joined the Falcons for the 2012 Currie Cup First Division season, making his debut for them in their season opener against the Griffons. He played in all 14 his team's matches that season, scoring 106 points.
The following season, he joined East London-based team Border Bulldogs for the 2013 Vodacom Cup. Again, he played in all their games in that competition, scoring 66 points.
In 2014, Aspeling moved to Turin to play for Italian Serie A side CUS Ad Maiora. He started all ten of their matches during the 2014–2015 season and finished the season as their top scorer with 118 points.
# Horatio N. Smith

Horatio N. Smith (March 20, 1820 – August 5 1886) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Horatio Nelson Smith was born on March 20, 1820, in Royalton, Vermont, son of Colonel Stafford Smith. His father was a veteran of the War of 1812.
Smith moved to Sheboygan, in the Wisconsin Territory, in 1847 and to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1880.

## Career

Smith was elected as Democrat to the Wisconsin State Assembly for 1850 before representing the 1st District of the Wisconsin State Senate from 1853 to 1854. In 1874, he was appointed Warden of the Wisconsin State Prison and remained in the job for six years. After his public service, he moved to Milwaukee and became employed with the Milwaukee & Northern Railroad, working on the northern extension of the railroad. He retired after suffering an accident in 1885.

## Personal life and family

Horatio Smith married Laura Anner Chase on Christmas of 1844. Chase was a granddaughter of Episcopal bishop Philander Chase, niece of U.S. Senator Dudley Chase and cousin of U.S. Representative Dudley Chase Denison, and U.S. Treasury Secretary and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Salmon P. Chase. They had six children.
After his 1885 accident, Smith went to California with his family. On the way back he suffered a pulmonary hemorrhage. He recovered for a short time, but died on August 5, 1886, in Hilbert, Wisconsin. He was buried in Plymouth, Wisconsin where he was a vestryman.
# Wild's Mill Complex

Wild's Mill Complex (also known as Valatie Mill Complex) was among the last remaining industrial buildings in the formerly thriving milling community of Valatie, Columbia County, New York, United States. It was located southeast of the intersection between U.S. Route 9 and State Route 203. A five-story brick structure, it served as an historical landmark and its 5.5 acres (2.2 ha) lot contained the ruins of a previous mill. It was situated along the west bank of the Kinderhook Creek.
The original northern section of the building was built in 1846, at 144 feet (44 m) long and 56 feet (17 m) wide. Its builder is unknown. A large addition was constructed around 1890. The owner of the mills, Nathan Wild, emigrated from England in the early 19th century and ultimately moved to Columbia County. He is known as one of the founders of the village of Valatie, which had become an important industrial center. In 1828 Wild built the initial brick mill. After the construction of the southern building, the mills—used to manufacture cotton—had a combined 12,800 spindles and 175 workers.
After Wild's death in 1867, his sons gained responsibility of the mills. The southern mill was bought by William Harder, who built the addition, in 1890. Modified into a paper mill in the 1890s, the northern mill eventually burned during the 1950s. The southern mill continued to produce cotton products until 1956. A two-story Federal-style building between the two mills was marked as the mill office on early maps, and has since been converted into a residence. However, it is considered an uncommon instance of a standing early 19th-century office building. Among the earliest textile mill complexes in Columbia County, the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 1982. Around 1986, the last of Wild's mills was demolished. Wild's residence, the Nathan Wild House, is still standing and is also listed on the Register.
# Natividad, Oaxaca

Natividad is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico and is the smallest municipality in Oaxaca. The municipality covers an area of 28.07 km$^2$. It is part of the Ixtlán District in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca region.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 546.
# Khâlid-i Shahrazuri

Mawlana Khâlid Sharazuri also known as Khâlid-i Baghdâdî and Mawlana Khalid (Kurdish: مەولانا خالیدی نەقشبەندی, romanized: Mewlana Xalîdî Neqişbendî; 1779–1827) was a Kurdish Sufi, and poet by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri, the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world. His writings are among the earliest examples of prose and poetry in Central Kurdish.
Shahrazuri acquired the epithet Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region, about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779.

## Early life

He was born in the year 1779 in the village of Karadağ, near the city of Sulaymaniyah, in what is now Iraqi Kurdistan. His family belonged to the Jaff tribe that claimed descent from the 3rd caliph 'Uthman. Hence, the attribution al-'Uthmani is sometimes added to his name. He was raised and trained in Sulaymaniyah, where there were many schools and many mosques and which was considered the primary educational city of his time. Young Khalid studied with the two great scholars of his time, Shaykh `Abdul Karam al-Barzinji and Shaykh `Abdur Rahim al-Barzinji, and he read with Mullah Muhammad `Ali.
# Phay Seng Whatt

Dr Phay Seng Whatt (died 2009) was the Chairman of Public Service Commission in Singapore from January 1962 to June 1975.
Born in Malaysia, Dr Phay studied at Victoria School and Raffles Institution.
Dr Phay distinguished himself in the fair selection, judgement of people and the potential of civil servants at all levels of civil service, especially in the early years of Singapore's statehood.
He died on 21 April 2009.
# Shaun Raubenheimer

Shaun Raubenheimer (born 10 November 1983) is a former South African rugby union player for the SWD Eagles in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. He played as a loose-forward for the SWD Eagles, Border Bulldogs and Griffons between 2008 and 2014.

## Career
### Youth

He represented his local side SWD Eagles at youth level until 2003. He then joined the SAPS College, which led to his inclusion in the South African Police team in 2006 and the South African Forces team in 2007.

### Provincial career

In 2008, he joined the Border Bulldogs, making his debut in a 33–27 victory over the Blue Bulls in the 2008 Vodacom Cup. He quickly established himself as a first team regular, making fifteen appearances in the 2008 Vodacom and Currie Cup competitions.
He returned to the SWD Eagles in 2009, playing in the majority of their games in 2009 and 2010. A short spell at the Griffons followed in 2011 before he returned to the SWD Eagles once more in 2012.
Raubenheimer retired from professional rugby during the 2014 Currie Cup First Division due to other work commitments, having made 101 first class appearances and scoring 30 tries during his career.

### Representative rugby

He was included in a South African Barbarians (South) team that faced England during the 2012 mid-year rugby test series.
# Abu Ali Farmadi

Fazal bin Muhammad bin Ali (Arabic: فضل بن محمد بن علي,; born 1016 - 1084) commonly known as "Abu Ali Farmadi" or just "Abu Ali" was a saint of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain, and a prominent Sufi master and preacher from Ṭūs, Khorasan Iran. He is well known for being a teacher of Al-Ghazali during his youth.

## Birth

He was born in the year 407 AH. He was called al-Fārmadī on account of his place of birth, Fārmad, a village in the vicinity of Ṭūs.

## Education

After completing his elementary education he entered the madrasah of the famous Sufi Abdulkarim Qushayri in Nishapur and then he was a follower of Abu Al-Hassan Al-Kharqani. He was the disciple of Imam Abu Qasim Qaisheri and Sheikh Abu Qasim Jurjani. In his last days he got spiritual favours from Sheikh Abdul Hasan Qarqani.

## Biography

Abu ali Farmadi is called the Knower of the Merciful and the Custodian of Divine Love. He was a scholar of the Shafi’i school of jurisprudence and a unique `arif (endowed with spiritual knowledge). He was deeply involved in both the School of the Salaf (scholars of the first and second centuries AH) and that of the Khalaf (later scholars), but he made his mark in the Science of Tasawwuf. From it he extracted some of the heavenly knowledge which is mentioned in the Qur’an in reference to al-Khidr salla: “and We have taught him from our Heavenly Knowledge” [18:65].

## Death

He died on 4 Rabi-Ul-Awwal 477 AH on Thursday.
# JWH-200

JWH-200 (WIN 55,225) is an analgesic chemical from the aminoalkylindole family that acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Its binding affinity, K$_i$ at the CB$_1$ receptor is 42 nM, around the same as that of THC, but its analgesic potency in vivo was higher than that of other analogues with stronger CB$_1$ binding affinity in vitro, around 3 times that of THC but with less sedative effect, most likely reflecting favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics. It was discovered in 1991 by Sterling Drug as a potential analgesic following the earlier identification of related compounds such as pravadoline and WIN 55,212-2.

## Legal status
### Australia

JWH-200 is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.

### Canada

In July 2015, JWH-200 became a controlled substance in Canada.

### United States

The US DEA temporarily declared JWH-200 a schedule I controlled substance on 1 March 2011 through 76 FR 11075, and permanently instated the same schedule on 9 July 2012 in the Section 1152 of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.

### Germany

JWH-200 has been classified under the BtMG as Anlage II.
# Benny Lautrup

Benny Lautrup (25 June 1939 – 3 January 2025) was a Danish academic who was a professor in theoretical physics at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen. During his career he has worked at the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Denmark), Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA), CERN (Switzerland), and the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (France). He is known for his part in the Nakanishi-Lautrup formalism, a concept in relativistic quantum field theory. He has published the books Neural Networks – Computers with Intuition with Søren Brunak (original in Danish) and also translated into German), and Physics of Continuous Matter: Exotic and Everyday Phenomena in the macroscopic World in 2005. A second edition of this book was published in 2011. He also wrote articles about physics and participated in the public debate in Denmark (list of articles).
Lautrup participated in the documentary The Anatomy of Thought (Danish: Tankens Anatomi) from 1997. He died on 3 January 2025, at the age of 85.
# Philippe Minani

Philippe Minani was a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Justice of Burundi from 1975 to 1976. He was succeeded by Jean-Baptiste Manwangari, who also was succeeded by Laurent Nzeyimana (1979–1982).
# Oren Middlebrook

Oren Middlebrook (born January 23, 1953) is a former American football wide receiver. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1978. Middlebrook played 16 games during the 1978 NFL Season before permanently retiring.
# Adriaan Engelbrecht

Adriaan Erasmus 'Meel' Engelbrecht (born 14 September 1990) is a former South African rugby union player, that spent his entire career at the Leopards. His regular position was fly-half or centre.
He retired from rugby union prior to the 2016 season.

## Career
### Youth

He represented the Leopards at the 2008 Under-18 Craven Week tournament and progressed through the age groups, playing in the Under-19 Provincial Championship in 2009 and the Under-21 Provincial Championship in 2010 and 2011.

### Senior career

He made his first class debut for the Leopards in the 2011 Vodacom Cup competition in a match against the Eastern Province Kings. He played in the Under-21 Provincial Championship in the rest of the season, but made his return to the senior side in the 2012 Vodacom Cup, scoring four tries and made twelve starts in the 2012 Currie Cup First Division season.
He was a member of the Leopards team that won the 2015 Currie Cup First Division. He featured in a total of thirteen matches during the 2015 Currie Cup qualification rounds and First Division proper and was the Leopards' top scorer, contributing 147 points for the side. He also started the final, where he kicked 14 points to help the Leopards to a 44–20 victory over the SWD Eagles to win the competition for the first time in their history.
In 2013, he was included in a South Africa President's XV team that played in the 2013 IRB Tbilisi Cup and won the tournament after winning all three matches.
# Paragrapsus laevis

Paragrapsus laevis is a species of crab found in south eastern Australia, from southern Queensland to around the South Australian border, including Tasmania.
It is commonly known as the mottled shore crab. Carapace is up to around 35 to 40mm across, with two notches in each side behind the eye, and has two well defined lobes. Claws are reddish on top, whitish underneath. Paragrapsus laevis individuals are redder and a little smaller than Paragrapsus gaimardii individuals. Males have significantly large claws compared to females.
It lives on tidal shores, in sheltered bays or in estuaries, but not far inland. It can be found in mangroves in burrows and under debris or rocks.
Chasmagnathus laevis, Paragrapsus verreauxi are previous synonyms of Paragrapsus laevis.
# Wilfong–Wilson Farm

Wilfong–Wilson Farm, also known as the Major Wilson House, is a historic farm and national historic district located near Startown, Catawba County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 2 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site and 2 contributing structures. The house was built about 1830, and is a two-story, Federal style frame farmhouse. Also on the property are the contributing log smokehouse, corn crib, and potato house.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Ammonium ferric citrate

Ammonium ferric citrate (also known as ferric ammonium citrate or ammoniacal ferrous citrate) has the formula [NH$_4$]y[Fe$_x$(C$_6$H$_4$O$_7$)]. The iron in this compound is trivalent. All three carboxyl groups and the central hydroxyl group of citric acid are deprotonated. A distinguishing feature of this compound is that it is very soluble in water, in contrast to ferric citrate which is not very soluble.
In its crystal structure each moiety of citric acid has lost four protons. The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group coordinates with the ammonium.

## Uses

Ammonium ferric citrate has a range of uses, including:
* As a food ingredient, it has an INS number 381, and is used as an acidity regulator. Most notably used in the Scottish beverage Irn-Bru.
* Water purification
* As a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver
* With potassium ferricyanide as part of the cyanotype photographic process
* Used in Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) test to identify enterobacteriaceae bacteria by observing their metabolism of different sugars, producing hydrogen sulfide
* In medical imaging, ammonium ferric citrate is used as a contrast medium.
* As a hematinic
# Alladi

Alladi (Telugu: అల్లాడి) is a Telugu Indian surname and given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (1883–1953), Indian lawyer and member of the Constituent Assembly of India
* Alladi Kuppu Swamy (1920–2012), Indian lawyer of Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court
* Alladi Ramakrishnan (1923–2008), Indian physicist and the founder of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences
* Krishnaswami Alladi (born 1955) Indian-American mathematician who specializes in number theory
# London Convention (1884)

The London Convention was a treaty negotiated in 1884 between Great Britain, as the paramount power in South Africa, and the South African Republic. The London Convention superseded the 1881 Pretoria Convention.

## Historical background

The treaty governed the relations between the ZAR and Britain following the retrocession of the South African Republic in the aftermath of the First Boer War.

## Delegates

The South African Republic was represented by the following delegates:
* President Paul Kruger
* General Nicolaas Smit
* Rev. Stephanus Jacobus du Toit
* Jonkheer Gerard Jacob Theodoor Beelaerts van Blokland, a Dutch legal advisor to the South African Republic
* Ewald Auguste Esselen, as secretary to the Boer delegation

## Content of the convention

The convention incorporated the bulk of the earlier Pretoria Convention, but with two major differences.

### Name of the country

Following the Pretoria Convention, the name of the South African Republic had been changed to the Transvaal Territory. At the request of the Transvaal Territory's Volksraad the name was restored to the South African Republic.

### Suzerainty

The main outcome of the London Convention was that British suzerainty over the South African Republic was amended. The London convention stipulated that the South African Republic had the right to enter into a treaty with the Orange Free State without approval from the British. Any other treaty with any other nation would require approval from the British subject to the British not taking longer than six months to advise the South African Republic of such an approval or rejection.
# September 11, 2007, Osama bin Laden video

* This article is part of a series aboutOsama bin Laden
Personal
Personal life
Political views
Militant career
Bodyguards
Compound in Abbottabad
House in Khartoum
Wadi al-Aqiq
Family
1st General Emir of al-Qaeda
Fatwas
September 11 attacks
Motives
Planning
Responsibility
"Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US"
Allegations of CIA assistance
Alleged Pakistani support
Works
Videos and audio recordings
2004 video
19 January 2006 tape
6 September 2007 video
11 September 2007 video
20 September 2007 tape
Interviews
Letter to the American People
Messages to the World
Killing and legacy
Manhunt
CIA fake vaccination campaign in Pakistan
Killing
reactions
conspiracy theories
In popular culture :
vte :
The September 11, 2007 Osama bin Laden video appeared five days after the September 6, 2007, Osama bin Laden video, on the sixth anniversary of the September 11 attacks. It is the second video produced by As-Sahab purportedly featuring a eulogy by Osama bin Laden to the 9/11 hijacker Waleed al-Shehri.
In the video, a voice identified as bin Laden's delivers the 14-minute introduction. The voice is heard over a still picture of bin Laden, dressed and groomed as he appears in the September 6, 2007 video. The 33-minute balance of the recording is a video that will read by al-Shehri.
Some mainstream media outlets say that video lasts 47 minutes.
The title of the video is 'The Wills of the Heroes of the Raids on New York and Washington.'
According to CNN reporter Octavia Nasr:
   "Although CNN could not independently confirm the authenticity of the video, it did feature the logo of As-Sahab Media, the company that traditionally handles al-Qaeda communications to the public. The 47-minute videotape was obtained by terrorism expert Laura Mansfield before it was to appear on several Islamist Web sites known for carrying statements from al Qaeda and other radical groups."
The voice-over is spoken in Arabic and is heard over a still picture of bin Laden and contains English subtitles.
Nasr goes on to state that:
   "The balance of the recording is a video well read by al-Shehri, with 9/11 symbols in the background. He is the seventh of the 19 hijackers to appear in such a will since the terrorist attacks" and that "The voice and picture in the video sound and appear similar to a bin Laden video released late last week."
There is no indication that any part of the video was recorded recently. The only element tying it to somewhat-current events is in the introduction and the mention of the death of al-Qaeda in Iraq leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who was killed during a U.S. raid in June 2006.
For several weeks, radical Islamist websites have been announcing that there would be "good news soon from Sheikh Osama bin Laden."
# RJ Liebenberg

RJ Liebenberg (born 11 December 1990 in Bethlehem) is a South African rugby union player who most recently played for Griquas. His regular position is eighth man or flanker.

## Career
### Youth and Varsity Cup rugby

Liebenberg started his career playing at youth level for the Griffons. He represented them at the Under–16 Grant Khomo Week in 2006, as well as the Under–18 Craven Week tournaments in 2007 and 2008 before playing for the Griffons U19 side in the 2008 Under-19 Provincial Championship competition.
He then moved to Johannesburg, where he played his rugby for the Golden Lions; at Under–19 level in 2009 and at Under–21 level in 2010 and 2011. He also played for university side UJ in the 2012 and 2013 Varsity Cup competitions.

### Golden Lions

His first class debut for the Golden Lions came in a compulsory friendly match against the Falcons prior to the 2011 Currie Cup Premier Division, which turned out to be his only appearance for the team.

### Griquas

His performances in the 2013 Varsity Cup resulted in him being called into the Griquas squad for the 2013 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his debut for them in their 9–15 loss to the Blue Bulls.