# Red Guardian

The Red Guardian (Russian: Красный страж, Krasnyy Strazh) is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics: Aleksey Lebedev, Alexei Shostakov, Tania Belinsky, Josef Petkus, Krassno Granitsky, Anton Ivanov, and Nikolai Kyrylenko, as well as a villainous Life Model Decoy of Shostakov. The Red Guardian is an identity that was created as the Soviet equivalent of Captain America, although its use has continued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In the continuity of Ultimate Marvel, the Red Guardian is adapted as two separate characters: Captain Russia and Colonel Abdul al-Rahma.
Characters based on the Red Guardians have made scattered appearances in animated media and video games, with Anton Ivanov and Alexei Shostakov appearing in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by Zach McGowan and David Harbour respectively.

## Fictional character biography
### Aleksey Lebedev

Aleksey Lebedev (Russian: Алексей Лебедев), the Golden Age version of the Red Guardian, first appeared in Namor, The Sub-Mariner Annual #1 (June 1991) as a retcon of the history of the Red Guardian identity, establishing a version who appeared prior to the version first seen in 1967, created by writers Dana Moreshead and Mike Thomas, and artist Phil Hester. Very little is known of him, but he fought alongside Captain America (William Naslund) and the Sub-Mariner at the Potsdam Conference, in July 1945. He began his career during World War II, and met the All-Winners Squad (formerly the Invaders) on only one recorded occasion, clashing with them shortly after the war's end where he taunted Captain America (secretly the Patriot) that he was 'slowing down' after he was able to catch Captain America's shield. Like the other crusaders of the same name, he was created as a Soviet counterpart to Captain America. He was later apparently killed during the purges of the 1950s, opposing the brutal experiments that would later create his successor.

### Alexei Shostakov

Alexei Andreevich Shostakov was the first version of the Red Guardian, and was created by Roy Thomas and John Buscema, first appearing in Avengers #43 (January 1967).
Alexei Shostakov was born in Moscow, and was the husband of Natasha Romanova. Both he and his wife were agents of the Soviets: the latter as the Black Widow while the former became a test pilot and KGB agent and then trained as a Soviet counterpart to Captain America known as the "Red Guardian".
Alexei Shostakov was one of the Soviet Union's most acclaimed pilots. During World War II on the Eastern Front, he shot down a large number of Luftwaffe fighter planes in aerial battles and was credited for helping the Soviet Air Forces win air supremacy over the skies of Stalingrad and Kursk. Because of his extraordinary skill, Shostakov was chosen for the most secret and dangerous tests and new aircraft for the Soviet Union. This included being the first pilot to test fly the MiG-15. The Soviet state controlled news media greatly publicized this and certain other missions of his such as his aerial battles against the U.S. Air Force over MiG Alley during the Korean War. As a result, Shostakov was decorated as a hero of the Soviet Union. Shostakov was also successful in his private life, having married the equally famous ballerina Natalia (familiarly known as Natasha) Romanova.
As the Cold War flared up in the 1950s, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev realized that the Soviet Union needed its own equivalent to Captain America. Khrushchev chose Alexei Shostakov over Yuri Gagarin who would later become the first man in space. The KGB faked his death and trained him in secret, keeping his survival a secret from Natasha. He became a master of hand-to-hand combat and a highly skilled athlete. In addition, he carried a throwing disc on his belt which could be used against an opponent. Magnetic force returned the disc after throwing. The disc had the yellow hammer and sickle symbol on it and his costume was red with a star on his chest to symbolise the Soviet flag. While the Black Widow became disillusioned with KGB masters and defected to the United States, the Red Guardian remained loyal and became more ruthless and vindictive. The Red Guardian battled the Avengers with his Chinese ally Colonel Ling, to protect a Communist Chinese secret weapon located at a secret military base at an unrevealed location in the People's Republic of China, encountering the Black Widow and Captain America (Steve Rogers). When the Black Widow noticed "something familiar" about him, Shostakov revealed his identity. He was shot and mortally wounded minutes later by Colonel Ling while saving the lives of the Black Widow and Captain America. He was buried under molten lava when a laser blast caused the eruption of a long-dormant volcano.
Shostakov was later revealed to be alive and had risen very high up in power within Bulgaria. He was responsible for a plot to capture and try his former wife for crimes as a Soviet super soldier, but his plan was foiled with the help of Daredevil and the Avengers.
Alexei resurfaces as the new Ronin and joins forces with the Dark Ocean Society to instigate a war between Japan and Russia to restore the latter's former glory. He and the Society are defeated by Hawkeye, Mockingbird and Black Widow with the help of Fantasma, and is taken into S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.
Shostakov remains in captivity in Antarctica, even after S.H.I.E.L.D. is disbanded and the prison falls under the ownership a black arms dealer. He is rescued by Yelena Belova and escapes prison.
Shostakov is approached by a cadre of several of Black Widow's enemies, who implanted her with fake memories force her to live out a peaceful, simulated life as a married architect in San Francisco. Having already moved on from his hatred towards his ex-wife, Shostakov reluctantly joins the cadre and plans to usurp the group to rescue Natasha. When Black Widow regains her memories and the cadre decides to have her killed, Alexei saves Nat by taking a bullet meant for her.
Shostakov reunites with Belova to recover four hard drives containing records of an old military operation called Operation Snowblind. The two's activities puts them conflict with the Winter Guard and Dracula, who owns the final hard drive. Shostakov betrays Belova to escape with the drives, but the Winter Guard are able to destroy his quarry, forcing him to leave empty handed.
Shostakov is later recruited by Bucky Barnes to be part of his new Thunderbolts team.

### Dr. Tania Belinsky

Dr. Tania Belinsky, a neurosurgeon from the USSR, later adopted the Red Guardian identity and joined the Defenders. Created by Steve Gerber and Sal Buscema, she first appeared in The Defenders #35 (May 1976).

### Josef Petkus

Josef Petkus is the fourth version of the Red Guardian, first appearing in Captain America #352 (April 1989), and was created by writer Mark Gruenwald and artist Kieron Dwyer. The character subsequently appears in The Avengers #319–324 (July–October 1990), The Incredible Hulk (vol. 2) #393 (May 1992), and Soviet Super-Soldiers #1 (November 1992). The character subsequently appears as the Steel Guardian in Iron Man (vol. 2) #9 (October 1998). Petkus appeared as part of the "Supreme Soviets" entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Update '89 #7.
Josef Petkus was a special operative for the intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union, and appeared as a member of the militant Supreme Soviets. Alongside the Supreme Soviets, he attacked the Soviet Super-Soldiers for defecting from the Soviet Union. Alongside Captain America, he later battled a bear-like creature composed of the Darkforce. The Supreme Soviets were later renamed the post-Soviet Russian super-team called the Winter Guard. Alongside this confederacy, he teamed with the Avengers and Alpha Flight to battle the Peace Corpse, the Atlantean Army, and the Combine. Petkus later joined a Winter Guard splinter group called the People's Protectorate, now calling himself the "Steel Guardian". He and his team went off in search of the timelord Immortus, hoping to find a way to resurrect Vanguard's sister Lanyia. They agreed to fight off Dire Wraiths invading Immortus' realm in exchange for this favor; Josef being killed while in the line of duty.

### Krassno Granitsky

Krassno Granitsky, a fifth version of the Red Guardian, appeared in Maverick #10 (June 1998), and was created by writer Jorge Gonzales and artist Leo Fernandez. The name "Krassno Granitsky" comes from the James Bond novel From Russia With Love; it is the Russianized name of the assassin Donovan "Red" Grant. He teamed up with the mercenary superhero Maverick to battle a crime lord. He also appeared in the first issue of Ed Brubaker's Captain America, where he was executed by Aleksander Lukin.

### Anton

Anton, the sixth version of the Red Guardian, made his first appearance in the first issue of Jeph Loeb's Hulk series (co-created with Ed McGuinness) as a member of the Winter Guard. Anton claims to be an engineer and a former pilot of the Crimson Dynamo armor, and was later revealed to be (at least partially) a Life Model Decoy (LMD). He was decapitated by a Dire Wraith, although his head was kept in storage, seemingly still alive, and in control of other LMDs.

### Nikolai Kyrylenko

Nikolai Kyrylenko (also known as Vanguard) is the seventh version of the Red Guardian, and leads the Winter Guard. Created by Bill Mantlo and Carmine Infantino for Iron Man #109 (April 1978), he was redeveloped as the Red Guardian by David Gallaher and Steve Ellis from Darkstar and the Winter Guard #2 (July 2010) onward.

## Powers and abilities

None of the Red Guardian's various identity users have been revealed to possess superhuman powers or abilities, with the exception of Tania Belinsky after her mutation by the Presence, Ultimate Marvel versions, Krylenko, the seventh Red Guardian, and adaptations of the character to the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). All are highly skilled athletes. Shostakov was an expert pilot, a master hand-to-hand combatant, and was trained in espionage techniques by the KGB. All of the Guardians but Tania have used a steel shield similar to that used by Captain America. Alexei and Tania used a "belt-buckle" disc, a hurling weapon which magnetically returned to the wearer's hand when thrown, and was a part of their costume's belt buckle. The fourth Red Guardian, Josef Petkus, often employed an energized sword as a secondary weapon alongside his shield. The sixth Red Guardian was an LMD named Anton Ivanov, whose powers are cybernetic based. His falsified backstory was that he was an expert engineer and former Crimson Dynamo pilot; his real strength lies in his moderate degree of enhanced cybernetic physicality. The latest Red Guardian is Nikolai Krylenko/Vanguard, brother to Laynia Petrovna, whose powers are derived from his mutation. which stems to a fullbody force field that repels electromagnetic and kinetic energy, forces he can best guide and direct through a medium like the technically advanced vibranium shield supplied to him by the Executive Security Committee. or through a crux like the former symbol of his home country, a hammer and sickle. He also directs this force against the earth itself to obtain flight. Nikolai wears a more advanced suit than previous Red Guardians, which is lined with circuitry that works in conjunction with the compact computer on his shield, not only enabling the guided flight and return through their digital connection, but the amplification of the effects of his own energy field.

## Other versions
### Exiles

In one of the Exiles realities, a Red Guardian in full body armor on Earth-3470 appears.

### Civil War: House of M

In Civil War: House of M, the Red Guardian was seen as a member of the Soviet Super Soldiers.

### Ultimate Marvel
#### Captain Russia

The Ultimate Marvel version of Alexei Shostakov is a Russian super soldier codenamed "Captain Russia". Meant to be the Russian counterpart of Captain America, this version is certifiably insane and uses a makeshift shield created partially from human remains, and possesses superhuman strength and durability. A fight between the two results in Captain America defeating him, by stabbing him with splintered wood that acts as a stake through the chest, declaring "Fighting is about winning." Shostakov was once married to Black Widow and is now deceased.

#### Colonel Abdul al-Rahma

Colonel Abdul al-Rahman from Azerbaijan (leader of the Liberators) was also based on the Red Guardian. A parallel to Captain America, he was transformed into a super-soldier by Russian scientists, sporting a predominantly red costume and wielding a lightsaber-like weapon. He battles Captain America in front of the White House but is defeated when the Hulk throws the shield to sever his hands and Rogers kills him with his own weapon. Shocked at learning Abdul was a teenager who wanted to free his country from American occupation, Rogers looks on as his body is later taken into S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.

### Bullet Points

In the Bullet Points reality, Alexei Shostakov was shown among many of the heroes stopping Galactus.

## In other media
### Television

* The Nikolai Krylenko incarnation of the Red Guardian appears in the Avengers Assemble episode "Secret Avengers", voiced by Troy Baker. This version is a member of the Winter Guard.
* The Nikolai Krylenko incarnation of the Red Guardian appears in Marvel Future Avengers, voiced by Satoshi Mikami in Japanese and Fred Tatasciore in English. This version is a member of the Winter Guard.
* The Alexei Shostakov incarnation of the Red Guardian appears in Lego Marvel Avengers: Code Red, voiced by Trevor Devall.

### Marvel Cinematic Universe

Characters based on the Red Guardian appear in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU):
* Anton Ivanov appears in the fourth and fifth seasons of the live-action television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2016–2018), portrayed by Zach McGowan. This version is a reclusive Russian industrialist known as "The Superior" who believes Inhumans to be monsters. He works with the Watchdogs, Senator Ellen Nadeer, and Holden Radcliffe to fight S.H.I.E.L.D. until he is crippled by Daisy Johnson. Following this, Ivanov is decapitated by AIDA, who keeps him alive as a brain in a vat and gives him a series of Life-Model Decoys Designed Only for Killing (L-MODOKs) for his mind to remotely control. After finding Ivanov's head, high-ranking Hydra member General Hale persuades him to join her before S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez defeats him. Showrunners Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell introduced Ivanov with the intention of turning him into MODOK, before Marvel Studios retracted access to the latter for use in the New Warriors pilot (2018) and the film Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023).
* The Alexei Shostakov incarnation of the Red Guardian appears in the live-action film Black Widow (2021), portrayed by David Harbour. This version is the Russian super-soldier counterpart to Captain America and a father-figure to Natasha Romanoff and Yelena Belova. Harbour said Shostakov has "tons of cracks all over him. And he's not the heroic, noble man that [people] want him to be. He both comically and tragically has a lot of flaws". For Harbour's portrayal, he and Black Widow director Cate Shortland discussed Ricky Gervais' performance in The Office and Philip Seymour Hoffman's in The Savages (2007), "comedy that comes out of real domestic need".
** In Black Widow (2021), years prior to the film's main events, Shostakov allies with General Dreykov of the Red Room, who sends him on an undercover mission to the United States alongside Melina Vostokoff, Romanoff, and Belova. After concluding the mission however, Dreykov has Shostakov incarcerated in the Seventh Circle Prison. In the present, Romanoff and Belova free Shostakov to help them and Vostokoff destroy the Red Room.
** Alternate timeline variants of Shostakov appear in the third season of the animated series What If...?.
** Harbour will reprise his role as Shostakov in the upcoming live-action film Thunderbolts* (2025), as a member of the titular team alongside Belova.
** A separate variant of Shostakov will appear in the upcoming animated series Marvel Zombies.

### Video games

* The Alexei Shostakov incarnation of the Red Guardian appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.
* The MCU incarnation of Alexei Shostakov / Red Guardian appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight as part of the Black Widow film tie-in update.
* The MCU incarnation of Alexei Shostakov / Red Guardian appears as a playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.
* The MCU incarnation of Alexei Shostakov / Red Guardian appears as a playable character in Marvel Strike Force.