OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Podłaźniczka

Podłaźniczka, polazňička is a traditional Polish and Slovak Christmas decoration. It was usually made from branches or the top of a conifer tree turned upside down, which was then decorated with colored paper cutouts (wycinanki), candies, apples, nuts, typical Polish świats, or stars and crosses made of straw. The podłaźniczka was then hung from the ceiling rafters over the Wigilia dinner table on Christmas Eve.

## History

The tradition of hanging a podłaźniczka dates back to an ancient Slavic custom of suspending a decorated branch of fir, spruce, or pine from the ceiling rafters, during the time of the Koliada winter festival. The custom of podłaźniczka is also connected to a later folk tradition of the połaźnik. The połaźnik was the first guest to visit a house on Christmas Eve, often bringing with them a decorated evergreen branch. This custom also existed in Slovakia and Bulgaria; in Lemko tradition, the didok was brought instead. In Serbia, such a branch was called šumka od položenjca (Serbian Cyrillic: шумка од положења), or polaznikova šumka (Serbian Cyrillic: полазникова шумка).

## Poland

In Poland, the podłaźniczka was known mainly in the regions of Lesser Poland (particularly in the Goral lands) and Upper Silesia. The podłaźniczka was made in various ways, it could be a conifer tree branch, a conifer tree treetop turned upside down, or a riddle (przetak) ring to which evergreen twigs were attached. The podłaźniczka was attached to a ceiling rafter, often directly above the Christmas Eve dinner table, or in a sacred corner. Podłaźniczka is considered to be the prototype of modern Christmas tree in Poland.
The podłaźniczka was usually adorned with decorations made from colored paper cutouts. They were also decorated with the światy, which were pieces of wafer joined together. The wafer was used to make various shapes, such as crosses, stars, etc. They were made on the day of Christmas Eve (Polish: Wigilia (Bożego Narodzenia)), which gave rise to another name for this ornament: wilijki. Sometimes światy became an independent decoration, in which case they were separately hung under the ceiling beams. Also, the podłaźniczka was decorated with candies, apples, cookies, nuts, or gilded flax seeds, and later in the 20th century with baubles. The podłaźniczka was supposed to bring prosperity and good luck to the household, and protect farm animals from wolves and diseases. A straw pająk was a similar decoration.
The podłaźniczka was also called połaźniczka, połaźnik, podłaźnik, podłaźnica, jutka, sad, sad rajski, boże drzewko, rajskie drzewko, wiecha, and gaik depending on the locale.

## Slovakia

In Slovakia, the ornament called polazňička was also known – it was a straw hen (e.g. in the upper Spiš region, where it was hung over the Christmas table), which symbolically corresponded to a green conifer ornament, Christmas tree, or a branch of coniferous tree brought by a polaznik. This was also the name of the ritual Christmas bread. In the Slovak-Moravian borderland, polazňička was called "happiness", which is related to the Polish belief that podłaźniczka brings good luck.
# Clathrina hispanica

Clathrina hispanica is a species of calcareous sponge from Spain. The species is named after the country of Spain, where it was discovered.

## Description

Cormus of the holotype formed of large, irregular and loosely anastomosed tubes. Water-collecting tubes have not been found. Cells with granules have also not been found. The skeleton has no special organization, comprising equiangular and occasionally equiradiate triactines. Actines are cylindrical, but they are slightly wider near the centre of the spicule. They are undulated at the distal part and their tip is blunt.
# Clathrina multiformis

Clathrina multiformis is a species of calcareous sponge from Russia.
# Clathrina mutsu

Clathrina mutsu is a species of calcareous sponge from Japan. The species is named after the type locality, Mutsu Bay

## Description

The sponge forms irregular, spreading masses consisting of a loose network of ascon-tubes with varying closeness of its meshes in different specimens and in different parts of the same colony. The oscula are found as small round apertures distributed here and there on the surface of the ascon-tubes. The sponge is rather small and attains the length of 0.5 – 12 mm. The diameter of ascon-tubes varies a good deal in different parts of the same colony, measuring about 0.15 - 0.6 mm. The colour of the sponge is brownish-white when preserved in alcohol. The skeleton is composed of triradiates arranged in a few confused layers in the walls of ascon-tubes. In addition to the triradiates, a few quadriradiates can occasionally be found. The triradiates are regular with straight, conical, and gradually sharp-pointed rays, measuring 60 - 150 μm in length and 8 - 14 μm thick at the base.
# Ivan Popov

Ivan Popov is the name of:
* Ivan Popov (cyclist) (1951–2014), Bulgarian Olympic cyclist
* Ivan Popov (wrestler), Australian wrestler
* Ivan Popov (general) who died during St. Nedelya Church assault
* Ivan Popov (major general) (born 1975), Russian army commander
* Ivan Popov (diplomat) [bg], see Tripartite Pact
* Ivan Popov (governor), see List of governors of Chernigov Governorate
* Ivan Popov (chess player), Russian chess grandmaster
* Ivan Popov (revolutionary), Bulgarian revolutionary
* Ivan Evseyevich Popov (1797–1879) a Russian Orthodox missionary priest
* Ivan Nikolaevich Popov (1878-after 1912), Russian deputy in 3rd Imperial Duma
* Ivan Popov (spy) (1910–1980), Serbian spy who work for MI6 during World War II
# Garment Workers' Union

The Garment Workers' Union (Norwegian: Bekledningsarbeiderforbundet, BAF) was a trade union representing workers in the clothing industry in Norway.

## History

The union was founded in 1969, when the Norwegian Union of Clothing Workers merged with the Norwegian Union of Textile Workers, and the Norwegian Union of Shoe Makers. Like all its predecessors, it affiliated to the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions. It absorbed the Norwegian Union of Hide and Leather Workers in 1973.
By 1987, the union had 12,109 members. The following year, it merged with the Norwegian Union of Forestry and Land Workers, the Norwegian Union of Iron and Metalworkers, the Norwegian Union of Building Industry Workers and the Norwegian Union of Paper Industry Workers to form the United Federation of Trade Unions.

## Presidents

    1969: Finn Nilsen
# Congregation Agudas Achim (Austin, Texas)

Congregation Agudas Achim is a Conservative synagogue located in the Northwest Hills neighborhood of Austin, Texas, in the United States.

## History

Agudas Achim (Community of Brothers) was founded in 1914 by a group of Orthodox Jews who met for prayer in private homes. It was chartered in 1924 and occupied leased space before erecting a brick synagogue at 909 San Jacinto. The Agudas Achim Cemetery in Austin Memorial Park on Hancock Road was purchased in 1933. The congregation joined the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism in 1948.
The congregation moved to a new building on Bull Creek Road, dedicated on December 30, 1963. U.S. Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson was scheduled to the dedication, which was postponed while the congregation joined the nation in mourning the death of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. At the dedication, Jim Novy spoke about President Johnson's role in Operation Texas, a clandestine operation to use the power of the US government without formal sanction to help Eastern European Jews escape the Nazis.
This is thought to have made the congregation the second American synagogue dedicated by a President. The first was the Washington Hebrew Congregation which has had cornerstones laid or buildings dedicated by Presidents McKinley, Truman and Eisenhower. The undistinguished mid-century modern brick and glass building was renovated and upgraded in 1989.
In 2001, the congregation dedicated a modern building designed by David Lake. The wood and stone sanctuary is bathed in natural light that enters via a skylight. The rusticated limestone walls resemble Jerusalem stone (both visually and geologically) but the stone, like the members of the congregation, is "proudly Texan". The building is one of several religious institutions and community centers occupying the 40-acre Dell Jewish Community Campus in the Northwest Hills neighborhood of Austin.
In 2018 Jen Taylor Friedman completed the first full Torah written in Texas by a woman; the congregation had requested her to do it for them.
# Dee Martin

D'Artagnan Athos Martin (born March 28, 1949) is an American former professional football cornerback who played one season with the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Saints in the fourth round of the 1971 NFL draft after playing college football at Kentucky State College.

## Early life

D'Artagnan Athos Martin was born on March 28, 1949, in New Orleans, Louisiana. He attended George Washington Carver Senior High School in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## College career

Martin played college football for the Kentucky State Thorobreds of Kentucky State College from 1967 to 1970. He was named an All-American by the Pittsburgh Courier. He recorded 22 interceptions during his college career. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 2006.

## Professional career

Martin was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the fourth round, with the 91st overall pick, of the 1971 NFL draft. He started all 14 games at left cornerback for the Saints during his rookie year in 1971, totaling three interceptions, one fumble, and two fumble recoveries. The Saints finished the season with a 4–8–2 record. He was placed on injured reserve on September 13, 1972, and spent the entire 1972 season there. Martin was released by the Saints on July 16, 1973.
# Pesci

Pesci is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adriana Pesci, Argentine mathematician and physicist
* Antonio Camillo Pesci (died 1521), Roman Catholic prelate
* Alessandro Pesci (born 1960), Italian film cinematographer
* Frank Pesci (1929-2015), American teacher, politician and lobbyist
* Gerolamo Pesci (1679–1759), Italian painter
* Joe Pesci (born 1943), American actor
* Nicolò Antonio Pesci (15th-16th century), Roman Catholic prelate
* Timothy Pesci (1944-2016), American politician
# Mehmood Dhaulpuri

Mehmood Dhaulpuri (23 March 1954 – 25 May 2011) was an Indian musician of Hindustani music, known as a leading exponent of Harmonium, an Indian variant of the Pump organ. He was an accompanist to renowned Hindustani vocalists such as Parveen Sultana, Bhimsen Joshi, Jasraj, Girija Devi, Kishori Amonkar and Ustad Ghulam Sadiq Khan. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2006, for his contributions to Music, making him the first harmonium player to receive the award.

## Biography

Mehmood Dhaulpuri was born on 23 March 1954 in Dhaulpur in the India state of Rajasthan, in a family of musicians; his grandfather, Buddha Khan, was a known Sarangi player. His early training was in Sarangi, from his family, and he started playing the instrument by the time he was eleven. It was reported that Dhaulpuri was fascinated by harmonium after seeing the 1966 Bollywood film, Love in Tokyo, and trained under many gurus such as Nasir Ahmad Khan of the Delhi gharana. Soon, he started playing as an accompanist to leading vocalists and Rajan and Sajan Mishra, Parveen Sultana, Bhimsen Joshi, Jasraj, Girija Devi and Kishori Amonkar are some of the musicians he played with. He also played with other known musicians such as Ashwini Bhide-Deshpandee, Shubha Mudgal and Meeta Pandit and performed jugalbandi with Zakir Hussain, renowned tabla player.
In 2006, the Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Shri, the first time a harmonium player being awarded the Padma honours. Many of his performances have been brought out as audio CDs, including an album, Raga Lalit, with Rajan and Sajan Mishra duo. Dhaulpuri was working at the University of Delhi when he was admitted to the St Stephen's Hospital, Delhi due to respiratory ailments where he spent 55 days before succumbing to organ failure on 25 May 2011. He was survived by his wife, three daughters and two sons.
# Magnetone

Magnetone was a brand of Maton Guitars under which their first electric guitars and guitar amplifiers were sold.
The brand was discontinued in the 1960s, and all subsequent Maton instruments were simply branded Maton.
# RAF Forres

Royal Air Force Forres or more simply RAF Forres is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located between Mundole Estate and Forres, Moray, Scotland. The station was controlled by RAF Lossiemouth.
RAF Forres also had a training strip located between the River Findhorn and Mundole Estate. The training strip is still visible from satellite imagery, and a hangar from the original strip still remains standing.
The following units were here at some point:
* Satellite airfield of No. 19 Operational Training Unit RAF (21 January 1941 - 22 October 1944)
* Relief Landing Ground of No. 19 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF (25 May 1943 - 20 November 1943)
# Anna Mercury

Anna Mercury is an American creator-owned comic book series created by writer Warren Ellis and artist Facundo Percio. Two five-issue series featuring the character have been published by Avatar Press.

## Creation and publication history

Ellis compared the character to a mix of Daredevil, Lara Croft and a character from Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, also noting the influence of science fiction pulp magazines and the Lensman series.
The writer had first worked with Percio on Ellis' webcomic FreakAngels, noting that he loved the fusion of European-style illustration with Anglo-American comics. Anna Mercury was the first of a planned series of limited series for Avatar, a format Ellis felt was "the future".
The character debuted in April 2008 in a five-part limited series. A second five-part series, Anna Mercury 2, followed in 2009, but only three of the issues were published. In 2012, Ellis said that the conclusion - reworked as a double-length one-shot - was partly complete. As of 2024 no more information about the series has been released.

## Synopsis

Anna Mercury is a vinyl-clad, red-headed hero who travels between divergent worlds, fighting to keep advanced weaponry from being used by more primitive worlds. Among these are the city of New Ataraxia, where she is often considered an urban myth.
On Earth, in the modern day United Kingdom, Anna Mercury is actually Anna Louise Britton, an agent of the government, tasked with missions in the nine divergent worlds adjacent to our own. Anna's travels through the space between worlds charges her equipment that lets her defy gravity, move through solid objects, and perform other feats, though the energy is limited and must be monitored closely.

## Collected editions

| Title | ISBN | Release date | Issues |
| Anna Mercury - The Cutter | 9781592910663 | March 2009 | Anna Mercury #1-5 |

## Reception

The first issue of Anna Mercury was chosen for Comics Bulletin's "Sunday Slugfest", and all three reviewers gave the issue four 'bullets' out of five. Rich Johnston was positive about the first issue of Anna Mercury 2 in a review for Bleeding Cool: "It's big, it's bold and it's brash but it also has the depth and background and even occasional tenderness of the likes of Planetary".
# Andrei Demchenko (footballer, born 1993)

Andrei Sergeyevich Demchenko (Russian: Андрей Сергеевич Демченко; born 1 July 1993) is a Russian football player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for Afips Afipsky on 28 July 2016 in a game against Angusht Nazran.
He made his Russian Football National League debut for Chayka Peschanokopskoye on 7 July 2019 in a game against Chertanovo Moscow.
# Alfred Baum (composer)

Alfred Baum (23 September 1904 in Zurich – 30 September 1993 in Dietlikon) was a Swiss composer, pianist, and organist.

## Works

* Concerto for trumpet, piano, timpani and strings (1959/60)
# Bujalance

Bujalance is a town located in the heart of Andalucia, southern Spain, in the province of Córdoba. As of 2010, it had 7910 inhabitants.
Its name is derived from the Arabic term Burj al-Hansh. Among its monuments and places of interest are the Moorish Castle of Bujalance (10th century), the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción), and hermitages and olive groves.
# Oscar Zimmerman

Oscar G. Zimmerman (September 21, 1910 – April 2, 1987) was an American musician, teacher and double-bass player.

## Life and career

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1910, Oscar Zimmerman was the double bassist with the Rochester Philharmonic for 36 years and professor emeritus at Eastman, was a member of the first graduating class of the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where he studied with Philadelphia Orchestra principal bassist Anton Torello. Hired by the Philadelphia Orchestra as a 19-year-old student, he played with the orchestra for six years until joining the St. Louis Symphony as principal bass player in 1936.
He played with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under Arturo Toscanini from 1938-45 before moving to Rochester. As a teacher, taught at the Eastman School of Music, but also spent 44 successive summers teaching at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan. His former students have filled positions (many of them as principal players) in the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the Syracuse Symphony Orchestra and the symphony orchestras of Atlanta, Milwaukee, Oklahoma City, Dallas, and Ottawa. Zimmerman died in Traverse City, Michigan in 1987.

## Instruments

His favorite instrument was a Gagliano he bought while still at Curtis from Torello. He called it the Black Gagliano because he had two, a yellow and black. For the last ten years of his life he had two basses, a Francesco Rugieri and a Hugo Rautmann. He heard Waldemar Giese play the Scontrino Concerto, on the Rautmann with Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra while a student a Curtis. He was so impressed with the projection that he bought the bass at Giese's death (1948) and used it for all his solo work.

## Degrees and studies

B.M., Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia.

## Autobiography

A collection of reminiscences and tributes was self-published:
Zimmerman, Oscar G. and George Murphy. Once more-- from the beginning : reminiscences of a virtuoso and teacher of double bass. [Interlochen, Mich.]: Zimmerman Publications, 1993.
# Jaime Hernández

Jaime Javier Hernández Bertrán (born 18 January 1972 in Barcelona) is a Spanish former cyclist. He rode in 5 editions of the Vuelta a España and two editions of the Tour de France.

## Major results
### 1996

    3rd National Time Trial Championships

### 2001

    9th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
# Juan Manuel Ferreira

Juan Manuel Ferreira Fernández (born 24 September 1992) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Huracán FC.

## Career

Ferreira started his career with Deportivo Maldonado in his homeland. Besides Uruguay, Ferreira has played in Chile and Paraguay. In 2015, he played for Chilean side Coquimbo Unido. In Paraguay, he played for Deportivo Caaguazú and Sport Valenzolano.
In 2017, he played for Huracán FC.
In 2019, he returned to Uruguay and joined Libertad de San Carlos.
# Bob Bellinger

Robert Herkimer Bellinger (January 20, 1913 – August 27, 1955) was an American football guard who played two seasons with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He attended Seattle Preparatory School and played college football at Gonzaga University, both Jesuit schools.

## Early life and college

Bob Bellinger was born January 20, 1913, in Spokane, Washington. He attended Seattle Prep, a private Catholic high school, where he distinguished himself as a wrestler and football player, playing fullback and tackle.
He played collegiately at Gonzaga Bulldogs football, where he spent three seasons on the varsity team at the tackle position.

## Professional career

In 1934 and 1935, Bellinger played for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL), moving to the guard position. He played in a total of eighteen games over the two years, starting ten. He was a member of the Giants team which won the 1934 NFL Championship.

## Personal life

Bellinger died of a heart attack on August 27, 1955, in Santa Clara, California. He was the manager and vice president of the Valley Equipment Company in San Jose at the time of his death.
# Minar-i Chakri

Minar-i Chakri was a pillar made of carved stones on an elevation of 2500m, 16 kilometers southeast of Kabul in Afghanistan. It was 28.5 meters high and was one of Buddhist buildings which at the time of the Kushan Empire was built in the area of Kabultals. Minar-i Chakri was built in the 1st century AD and was heavily damaged during the Afghan Civil war. In March 1998 it collapsed, falling to the south-west. The pedestal and brick debris remain visible in satellite imagery.

## Location

Minar-i Chakri was located at 34°25'10.4"N 69°17'33.7"E, at an elevation of 2500m on the northern slope of the Shakh Baranta ridge overlooking the plain of Kabul, 700m below. A track leads up to the site from the cemetery 4km to the north of the pillar. The city can be seen from above and the snow-capped mountains of the Hindu Kush in the background. To the south there is a plateau up to another mountain range with peaks of over 3000 meters. The pillar lays widely on an old trade and tour route, the closest connection to the regional capital of the Greek-Bactrian empire of Alexandria on the Caucasus. It is 65 kilometres north of Kabul, and from the southeast, it goes towards Jalalabad heading towards India. Under the rule of the Kushanas, the Greek province (satrapy) Paropanisadai was renamed Kabulistan and the provincial administration was moved to Kabul. During the reign of King Vima Kadphises, from around 100 AD, the empire began to expand into India and the economic had a magnificent growth, which was reflected in the construction of Buddhist monuments and monasteries around the capital. This also included the construction of two Buddhist pillars (Sanskrit Stambha) in the south of the city: the 19 meter high Surkh Minar ("red tower"), which collapsed in an earthquake in spring 1965, and the Minareh Syah ("black tower"), which is closer to the foot of the mountain, which was named Minar-i Chakri in the 19th century.

## Discovery and investigations

Minar-i Chakri was first found on its way into Western antiquity through British soldiers who were exploring the country in the 19th century. In 1841, Charles Masson published a detailed report and the drawing about a "Greek monument" in London. However with the withdrawal of the British Army at the end of the First Anglo-Afghan War some of the survivors reported about a pillar they had seen.