OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1863 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1863 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Sir Philip Wodehouse.
* Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal: John Scott.
* State President of the Orange Free State:
** Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (until 17 June).
** Jacobus Johannes Venter (acting from 20 June).
* President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic: W.C. Janse van Rensburg (acting until instated).

## Events
### March

* 18 – Joseph Allison becomes acting State President of the Orange Free State until 17 June during the absence of M.W. Pretorius.

### April

* 1 – The Cape Town and Green Point Tramway Company commences with the first horse-drawn trams in Cape Town from the foot of Adderley Street and out along Somerset Road to Green Point.

### June

* 17 – M.W. Pretorius resigns as State President of the Orange Free State.
* 20 – Jacobus Johannes Venter becomes acting State President of the Orange Free State.

### October

* 23 – Acting President Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg becomes President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic.

### November

* 4 – The Cape Town-Wellington railway is officially inaugurated.

## Railways
### Railway lines opened

* 4 November – Cape Western – Stellenbosch to Wellington, 27 miles (43.5 kilometres).
# KQRP-LP

KQRP-LP (92.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a 24-hour Spanish Christian format, licensed to Malakoff, Texas, United States. The station serves Cedar Creek Lake and the western side of Henderson County.
# Victoria General Hospital

Victoria General Hospital (VGH) is an acute care facility located in View Royal, British Columbia, Canada, a western suburb of Victoria. VGH provides emergency, general surgery and medical treatment services. It is one of two acute-care hospitals on southern Vancouver Island, along with the Royal Jubilee Hospital. VGH is the only one of the two hospitals which provides maternity services.
The facility has 344 acute care beds, 30 Neuro-Rehabilitation beds and 40 Geriatric Ward beds. It is also a teaching hospital for UBC's Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.

## History

The current hospital was constructed in 1983. It was known as Victoria General Hospital North until Victoria General Hospital South (in downtown Victoria) was closed a year later. VGH South was known before 1983, as Victoria General Hospital and before that as St. Joseph's Hospital. St. Joseph's Hospital was founded in 1875, and taken over from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria by the provincial government in 1972.

## Philanthropy

Victoria General Hospital is one of three hospitals supported by the Victoria Hospitals Foundation, which also provides financial support to the Royal Jubilee Hospital and the Gorge Road Hospital, both in Victoria.
# The Orchard School (Indianapolis)

The Orchard School is a co-educational, independent school in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was founded in 1922 and utilizes a progressive method of educating pre-kindergarten to eighth grade students.
The school, also known as Orchard Country Day School for several decades, is located on a 50-acre campus near the Meridian Hills neighborhood on the North Side of Indianapolis. Enrollment for 2015-2016 was 604 students.

## History

A wing of the school building opened in September 1969.
By 1986, the school began hosting the Indiana Japanese Language School.

## Heads of School

* Hillis L. Howie
* Gordon Thompson
* Daniel Vorenberg
* Charles Clark
* Joseph P. Marshall
* Thomas Rosenbluth
* Sherri Helvie
# Kesme

Kesme or erişte is a type of egg noodle found in various Central Asian countries. It is also found in Turkish cuisine and is called erişte and “kesme” in modern standard Turkish. The word itself is a nominalisation of the verb to cut or to slice, referring to the slicing of the dough involved in preparing the noodles. The term may refer to the noodles themselves, or the prepared dish made with them. Kesme is traditionally a homemade dish, and not often found at restaurants or cafés. In Turkey, kesme is also known as "erişte", and eaten generally in winter. It is made from flour, egg, water, salt and milk. These ingredients are worked into a dough, which is rolled out, cut, and dried in the sun or an oven after dried for a day.

## Kesme preparation

The dough for kesme usually consists of flour, water, salt, and an egg. The dough is rolled out into a large thin circle, and left to dry for a while. It is then lightly floured, folded over several times accordion-style, and sliced into strips, which are then separated. The process has been illustrated, step by step. The kesme may be boiled immediately in a broth often containing ingredients such as potatoes, meat, carrots, peppers, and tomatoes, or left to harden and stored. Kesme is often made in a kazan.

## Reshteh

Reshteh (Persian: رشته) or reshte are Persian whole wheat noodles, traditionally the noodle would be a homemade item. The reshteh used in the Iranian cuisine can be a thicker, whole wheat noodle used in reshteh polow (rice and noodle pilaf dish) and in ash reshteh (noodle soup). "Reshteh" was the only word for noodles in Arab cookbooks of the 13th and 14th centuries. A recipe substitution for reshteh noodles, is often linguine or whole-wheat noodles.

### Reshteh polow

Special symbolism is given to dishes that contain noodles when a decision of importance or change is to occur; the noodles or "reins" of one's life are to be taken in hand. A traditional dish in Iran is reshteh polow, which is served during the Persian new year with the noodles representing the threads of life and family intertwined. Noodles are used for special occasion dishes in giving thanks and for journeys especially to Mecca. In reshteh polow the noodles are broken into parts, fried or grilled brown, and then added to rice.

## Mass production

In Turkey, the pasta is mass-produced as erişte.

## Gallery

* A bowl of kesme in broth
* Kesme noodles, laid out to dry
* Faloodeh, a traditional Shiraz dessert
* Kesme dough being cut into noodles
# A. A. Bondy

Auguste Arthur Bondy IV, also known as Scott Bondy and A. A. Bondy, is an American alternative folk artist from Birmingham, Alabama.

## Early life

Bondy was born in New Roads, Louisiana and raised in Verbena, Alabama, outside of Birmingham, where he attended Verbena High School.

## Career

Bondy is the former lead singer and guitarist in the rock band Verbena, which he founded in the early-1990s. After the band broke up in 2003, he recorded many demos and sessions, and his debut solo album, American Hearts, in a barn near his home in Palenville, New York. The album, released in 2007, marked a shift in musical direction towards a more traditional and minimalist folk sound, with Bondy playing mostly acoustic guitar and harmonica.
His second album, When the Devil's Loose, was recorded in Water Valley, Mississippi and released in September 2009.
Bondy released his third album, Believers, on September 13, 2011.
Bondy released his fourth album, Enderness, on May 10, 2019.

## Discography
### Albums

* American Hearts (2007)
* When the Devil's Loose (2009)
* Believers (2011)
* Enderness (2019)

### In media

* "Killed Myself When I Was Young" was featured in season four of the television series Friday Night Lights and was included on the Friday Night Lights Vol. 2 soundtrack.
* "A Slow Parade" was featured in season six of the television series House.
* "Mightiest of Guns" was featured on season three of the Australian television series Packed to the Rafters.
* "When The Devil's Loose" was featured in "The Tough Man in the Tender Chicken", an episode of the series Bones.
* "There's A Reason" and "False River" were featured in the television show One Tree Hill.
* "World Without End" was featured in season three of the television series Covert Affairs.
* "Skull & Bones" was featured in season four of the television series Shameless.
* "The Heart Is Willing" was sampled at the beginning of season 3, episode 10 of Preacher.
* He did a cover of Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier that was featured on various artists' Divided & United (Disc 2 Track 13) in 2013.
# Čeněk Kottnauer

Čeněk Kottnauer (24 February 1910, Prague – 14 February 1996, London) was a Czech British chess master, earning the title of International Master.
At the beginning of his career, he tied for 11-12th at Prague 1933 (Kautsky Memorial, Karel Opočenský won), and took 7th at Prague 1939 (pre-Olympic qual, Jiří Pelikán won).
During World War II, he took 6th at Prague 1942 (Alexander Alekhine and Klaus Junge won), tied for 7-8th at Choceň 1942 (Miroslav Katětov won), and won at Zlin 1943 (ahead of Jan Foltys). In May 1944, he along with other Czech players (Luděk Pachman, Podgorny, Prucha, etc.) lost an 8-game training match against Fedor Bogatyrchuk (+0 –7 =1) in Prague.
After the war, he took 13th at Groningen 1946 (Mikhail Botvinnik won), took 13th at Moscow 1947 (Chigorin Memorial, Botvinnik won), shared 2nd at Vienna 1947 (Schlechter Memorial, László Szabó won), took 3rd at Beverwijk 1947 (Theo van Scheltinga won), took 4th at Bad Gastein 1948 (Erik Lundin won), tied for 8-9th at Beverwijk 1948 (Lodewijk Prins won), took 9th at Venice 1949 (Szabó won), took 10th at Trenčianske Teplice 1949 (Gideon Ståhlberg won), tied for 3rd-6th at Vienna 1949 (Schlechter Memorial, Foltys and Stojan Puc won), tied for 9-10th at Szczawno Zdrój (Salzbrunn) 1950 (Przepiórka Memorial, Paul Keres won), took 17th at Amsterdam 1950 (Miguel Najdorf won), and won at Lucerne 1953.
In 1953, he emigrated to the United Kingdom. He tied for 5-7th at Hastings 1959/60 (Svetozar Gligorić won), and took 11th at Hastings 1968/69 (Vasily Smyslov won).
Kottnauer thrice played in Chess Olympiads. He represented Czechoslovakia on the fourth board at Helsinki 1952 (won an individual gold medal, +10 –0 =5), and England on the first board at Tel Aviv 1964 and on the second board at Lugano 1968.
He was awarded the International Master title in 1950, and the International Arbiter title in 1951.
# Nash TV

Nash TV is an American video on demand television network owned by Cumulus Media, building on Cumulus' Nash FM and Nash Icon brand. The channel launched January 26, 2015.

## Details

Nash TV is an extended platform of Cumulus' Nash FM and Nash Icon brand, with an emphasis on the country music genre. The network began expanding its platform to television in November 2014 in a deal with multi-platform music network Music Choice by providing NASH programming for MC's Music Channels, VOD and digital Video Channel. On January 20, 2015, Cumulus announced the launching of Nash TV with a preview of twelve shows that incorporates the modern-day Country lifestyle.
It was announced on June 18, 2015, that Nash TV will become available on Mobile Devices which include Apple TV, Android TV, Roku, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and 1, Google Chromecast, Samsung and Sony smart TV's, and all smartphone platforms.
It was then announced on August 11, 2015, that Nash TV would expand into the Film & Movie Industry by creating Nash TV Films

## List of Nash TV Programs

* America's Morning Show
* Nash Nights Live
* Kickin' It With Kix
* Grits & Hits
* Red Carpet Live
* Nash Lash
* Real Live Performances
* Proud:Everyday American Heroes
* Picks From The Sticks
* AMO: American Music Overseas
* BBQ Tricks
* HickXtreme
# Padamudra (film)

Padamudra (transl. Footprint) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by R. Sukumaran. It stars Mohanlal in the dual roles of Soap Kuttappan and Maathu Pandaaram, along with Seema and Nedumudi Venu. The film features original songs composed by Vidyadharan and a background score by Johnson. The film won Mohanlal the Filmfare Award for Best Malayalam Actor and Kerala State Film Award – Special Jury Award.

## Plot

"Padamudra" unfolds the story of Kuttappan, a largely unemployed youth portrayed by Mohanlal. The narrative delves into the dramatic events in Kuttappan's life. He is the illegitimate son of the doorstep seller, Maathu Pandaaram. The striking resemblance to Pandaaram makes him the laughingstock of the village. Poverty is a prevalent theme in the village, and Kuttappan constantly becomes entangled in a web of historical perceptions of inappropriateness and the cruel whips of an illiterate and uncultured society.
As Kuttappan tries to navigate through life, the constant unveiling of openly known hidden truths about his origin disturbs his core. The film captures the protagonist's attempts to secure life, seize the required life course events within a society, and wrestle with a fate that has dealt him the wrong cards, making it unbearable for him to move forward or be in limbo. In the end, Kuttappan emerges as a victim of his circumstances, not as a resilient protagonist who, against all odds, would find a path to a more hopeful and authoring future showcasing the indomitable spirit of the human will to overcome adversity and shape one's destiny.

## Cast

* Mohanlal in a dual roles as:
** Soap Kuttappan
** Maathu Pandaaram
* Seema
* Nedumudi Venu
* Sithara
* Urvashi
* Rohini as Aswothi
* Shyama
* Mala Aravindan
* Jagadish
* Adoor Bhavani
* Kalasala Babu
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair

## Soundtrack

Noted musician Vidyadharan master made his singing debut in this film. He sang the song Ambalamillathe Aaltharayil along with a choir when he was 9 years old.
All music is composed by Vidyadharan

## Reception

Neelima Menon of The News Minute wrote, "The film oscillates between the past and the present, with Mohanlal catching the variations of the two character's with impeccable nuance, be it the anger, self-loathing and vulnerability simmering in the son or the lasciviousness and cockiness of the father."
# KQUT-LP

KQUT-LP (100.3 FM) is a low-power FM radio station in St. George, Utah, United States. It is owned by Utah Local Radio and leased to Utah Tech University, which operates it as a companion to university-owned KUTU (91.3 FM).

## History

The station went on the air as KTIM-LP on September 26, 2006, owned and operated by Wastecon Environmental Inc., a non-profit 501c3 environmental education organization.
On March 28, 2011, it was reported to the FCC that the station had gone silent for reasons unknown.
The station changed its call sign to KDXI-LP on February 26, 2015. The station went silent at that time to move its transmitter to Webb Hill. However, there was related infighting and a schism on Wastecon's board, including the possible replacement of the board without its knowledge; the president of Wastecon noted that he planned to relocate the station to Dixie State University.
Wastecon sold the station to Utah Local Radio effective August 30, 2016, for $2,500, the value of the station's equipment. In 2017, Utah Local Radio entered into a 10-year lease with Dixie State University, now Utah Tech University—owner of KUTU (91.3 FM)—to provide operating functions and allow for some student management; the format changed to a mix of classical and jazz music. The call sign changed to KQUT-LP on June 29, 2022, in advance of the renaming of Dixie State to Utah Tech on July 1.
# Joseph Trần Văn Toản

Joseph Trần Văn Toản (born 7 April 1955) is a Vietnamese Catholic bishop, currently serving as the Bishop of Long Xuyên since 2019.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Joseph Trần Văn Toản was born on 7 April 1955 in Tam Kỳ, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam. He began his religious studies at the minor seminary of Long Xuyên in 1966, continuing until 1974, and then at the major seminary until 1980. He served voluntarily in parishes in Môi Khôi and Thạnh Quới in the diocese of Long Xuyên for over ten years while awaiting government authorization for his ordination to the priesthood.

### Priesthood

He was ordained a priest on 16 January 1992 by Bishop Jean Baptiste Bùi Tuần and served as a parish vicar in Môi Khôi until 1999. He then went to Manila to study at De La Salle University, obtaining a doctorate in education in 2005. Upon returning to Vietnam, he was appointed director of the pastoral center and coordinator of pastoral and missionary activities in the diocese of Long Xuyên, as well as rector of the minor seminary of Santa Teresa. He also served as a professor of missiology at the inter-diocesan major seminary of Cần Thơ.

### Episcopal ministry

On 5 April 2014, Pope Francis appointed him auxiliary bishop of Long Xuyên and assigned him the titular see of Acalissus. He was consecrated a bishop on 29 May of the same year by Bishop Joseph Trần Xuân Tiếu. Three years later, on 25 August 2017, he was appointed coadjutor bishop of the same diocese. He succeeded to the governance of the diocese on 23 February 2019, upon the retirement of his predecessor. At the Vietnamese Bishops' Conference, he was elected president of the commission for laypeople for three consecutive terms since 2016.

## Episcopal lineage

The episcopal lineage is:
* Eliya XII Denha
* Yohannan VIII Hormizd
* Yohannan Gabriel
* Joseph V Augustine Hindi
* Joseph VI Audo
* Eliya XIV Abulyonan
* Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas
* François David
* Antonin-Fernand Drapier, OP.
* Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục
* Michel Nguyễn Khắc Ngữ
* Jean Baptiste Bùi Tuần
* Joseph Trần Xuân Tiếu
* Joseph Trần Văn Toản
# York Catholic District School Board

The York Catholic District School Board (YCDSB, known as English-language Separate District School Board No. 42 prior to 1999) is the English-language public-separate school district authority for the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada. Its head office is in Aurora.
The YCDSB operates schools in each of the nine municipalities in York Region. It employs over 5,000 instructional staff to teach over 54,000 students in 86 elementary schools and 17 secondary schools. The school board until 1998 was originally known as the York Region Roman Catholic Separate School Board (YRRCSSB) as an anglophone/francophone school district.

## Instructional services

The Instructional Services department is responsible for the development and delivery of the YCDSB curriculum, guided by the following criteria:
* religious education,
* alternative education,
* continuing education,
* co-operative education,
* student assessment, and
* equity in curriculum.
The 86 elementary schools are administered as part of an elementary school area; there are four areas in the school board. Each area is administered by a superintendent of education, and the schools are divided into two groups, each of which has a trustee.
The 17 secondary schools are administered as a single group with two superintendents of education. Each school also has at least one trustee, and each trustee may serve one or more schools.
The department also has a superintendent of curriculum & assessment, and a 'superintendent of education & student services.

## Secondary schools

| School name | Street address | Community |
| Cardinal Carter Catholic High School | 210 Bloomington Rd. W. | Aurora |
| St. Maximillian Kolbe Catholic High School | 278 Wellington St. | Aurora |
| Our Lady of the Lake Catholic College School | 185 Glenwoods Ave. | Keswick |
| St. Joan of Arc Catholic High School | 1 St. Joan of Arc Ave. | Maple |
| Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy | 5300 14th Ave. | Markham |
| St. Augustine Catholic High School | 2188 Rodick Road | Markham |
| St. Brother André Catholic High School | 6160 16th Ave. E. | Markham |
| St. Robert Catholic High School | 8101 Leslie St. | Markham |
| Sacred Heart Catholic High School | 1 Crusader Way | Newmarket |
| Our Lady Queen of the World Catholic Academy | 10475 Bayview Avenue | Richmond Hill |
| St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School | 230 Shaftsbury Ave. | Richmond Hill |
| St. Elizabeth Catholic High School | 525 New Westminster Dr. | Thornhill |
| St. Luke Catholic Learning Centre | 160 Dubley Ave | Thornhill |
| Father Bressani Catholic High School | 250 Ansley Grove Rd. | Woodbridge |
| Holy Cross Catholic Academy | 7501 Martin Grove Rd. | Woodbridge |
| St. Jean de Brebeuf Catholic High School | 2 Davos Rd. | Woodbridge |
# 1882 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1882 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Hercules Robinson.
* Governor of the Colony of Natal: Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer.
* State President of the Orange Free State: Jan Brand.
* State President of the South African Republic: Triumviate of Paul Kruger, Marthinus Wessel Pretorius and Piet Joubert.
* Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope: Thomas Charles Scanlen.

## Events
### May

* 9 – Paul Kruger becomes President of the South African Republic.
* 28 – Two ships, the Agnes (94 tonne) and the Christina (196 tonne), run ashore at Plettenberg Bay.

### July

* 26 – The Stellaland Republic is declared, founding Vryburg as capital.

### September

* 2 – Kimberley becomes the first town in the southern hemisphere to install electric street lighting.
* 7 – W.H. Finlay of Cape Town's Royal Observatory is first to record observations of the Great Comet of 1882.
* 29 – 229 Norwegians settle at the mouth of the Umzimkulu River, founding Port Shepstone.

### November

* 21 – The Goshen Republic is established with its capital Rooigrond near Mafeking.

### Unknown date

* Zulu king Cetshwayo returns to South Africa.
* In the Cape Colony, the Dutch language is once again admitted as an official language alongside English.

## Births

* 24 February – Jan Gysbert Hugo Bosman aka Bosman di Ravelli, concert pianist and composer, is born in Piketberg.

## Railways
### Railway lines opened

* 15 December – Cape Western – Wynberg to Muizenberg, 7 miles 31 chains (11.9 kilometres).

### Locomotives

* Three new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Cape Government Railways (CGR):
** Six 2nd Class 4-4-0 Wynberg Tank locomotives on suburban passenger trains out of Cape Town.
** The first of 33 4th Class 4-6-0 tank-and-tender locomotives with Stephenson valve gear on the mainlines of all three systems.
** The first of 35 4th Class 4-6-0 tank-and-tender locomotives with Joy valve gear on the mainlines of all three systems.
* Two new 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the private Kowie Railway which is under construction from Port Alfred to Grahamstown:
** Two 0-6-0 tank locomotives in goods service.
** Two 4-4-0 tank locomotives in passenger service.
# 1905 Virginia Orange and Blue football team

The 1905 Virginia Orange and Blue football team represented the University of Virginia as an independent during the 1905 college football season. Led by first-year head coach William C. "King" Cole, the Orange and Blue compiled a record of 6–4.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | | Randolph–Macon | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA | W 59–0 | |
| September 30 | | St. John's (MD) | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA | W 30–5 | |
| October 7 | | North Carolina A&M | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA | W 10–0 | |
| October 14 | | vs. Carlisle | Broad Street ParkRichmond, VA | L 0–12 | 8,000 |
| October 21 | 3:00 p.m. | vs. Bucknell | Lafayette FieldNorfolk, VA | W 15–11 | 2,500 |
| October 27 | | Davidson | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA | W 11–0 | |
| November 4 | 3:00 p.m. | VPI | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA (rivalry) | L 0–11 | |
| November 11 | | at George Washington | American League ParkWashington, DC | W 55–0 | |
| November 18 | | at Navy | Worden FieldAnnapolis, MD | L 0–22 | |
| November 30 | 2:30 p.m. | vs. North Carolina | Lafayette FieldNorfolk, VA (South's Oldest Rivalry) | L 0–17 | 12,000 |
| All times are in Eastern time |||||||