OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Johnson (Wisconsin politician)

John Johnson (August 7, 1833 – February 15, 1892) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from York in Dane County and was an Independent Republican. He also served as chairman of the York Town Board.
Johnson was born on August 7, 1833, in Ancram, New York received a public school education, and became a farmer; he came to Wisconsin in 1847 and settled at York, except for a short time spent in Dodge County. He held various town offices, and served as chairman of the town board for five years. In the 1873 general election he received 995 votes, as an Independent Republican candidate, to 936 for Samuel C. Head, the Republican nominee), to represent the 1st Dane County Assembly district (Towns of Albion, Bristol, Cottage Grove, Christiana, Deerfield, Dunkirk, Medina, Pleasant Springs, Sun Prairie and York).
# Carpus Loveland

Carpus E. Loveland (December 16, 1828 – November 7, 1912) was an American farmer from Rutland, Wisconsin, who served one term as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and held various local offices in his home state of New York and in Wisconsin.
Loveland was born December 16, 1828, in the town of Adams in Jefferson County, New York. He received a public school education, and became a farmer.

## Public office

Loveland served as Town Clerk of Adams in 1850. He came to Wisconsin in 1854 and settled in Rutland. After coming to Wisconsin, he served as a supervisor for Rutland in 1857, and was elected Town Chairman (equivalent to mayor) in 1859. He was elected justice of the peace in 1861, and re-elected in 1863; again elected Chairman in 1869. In the 1869 general election he was chosen to represent the first Dane County assembly district (the Towns of Albion, Dunkirk, Rutland, Dunn, Pleasant Springs, Christiana, Cottage Grove and Blooming Grove, with 646 votes to 544 for John M. Estes, an "Independent Republican"., succeeding John E. Johnson, who was not a candidate. He was assigned to the standing committee on privileges and elections. He was not a candidate for re-election in 1870, and was succeeded by fellow Republican Lemuel Oscar Humphrey.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Assembly in 1873, losing in the new 4th Dane County Assembly district, with 786 votes to 1,135 for Democrat Michael Johnson. As town chairman he was ex officio a member of the Dane County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors.

## Family

He married Emily L. Colvin before they moved to Wisconsin. Their son, Austin Roscoe Loveland (1854–1909), was born in Rutland; he became postmaster of Oregon, Wisconsin in 1897.
# George Weeks (politician)

George Weeks (December 1, 1836 – April 25, 1905) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Weeks was born on December 1, 1836, in Brownville, New York. He moved to Concord, Wisconsin in 1850 before settling in York, Dane County, Wisconsin in 1852. There, he made a living as a farmer. On December 9, 1860, Weeks married Helen Manning (1843–1918).
During the American Civil War, he initially enlisted with the 29th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Union Army. Later, he was commissioned an officer before resigning due to ill health. In 1864, he joined the 36th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Conflicts Weeks took part in include the Battle of Cold Harbor. After the war, he was promoted to captain.

## Political career

Weeks was a member of the Assembly during the 1877 session. Other positions he held include chairman (similar to Mayor) and supervisor of York. He was a Republican.
In 1885 he became sheriff of Dane County, and later he was warden at the state penitentiary at Waupun. After a driving accident in 1899 he became an invalid. He died at his home in Marshall, Wisconsin on April 25, 1905, and he is buried in Sun Prairie.
# Matthew Roche (politician)

Matthew Roche (c. 1827 – March 11, 1873) was a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1853 session.
Roche was born in Ireland, emigrated to the United States in 1849, and was naturalized in 1850. He married Elizabeth Walsh (1834–1901) in 1853. He represented the 5th District of Dane County, Wisconsin. He later served as postmaster of Westport, Wisconsin. He died in 1873.
# Gregarinicae

Gregarinicae is a superfamily of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.

## Taxonomy

There are seven families in this taxon.

## History

This superfamily was created by Chakaravarty in 1960.

## Description

Species in superfamily infect only a single host during their life cycle.
Species in this genus associate with one another prior to syzygy.

### Differential diagnosis

This superfamily is distinguished from Porosporidae by having a monogenic (one host) life cycle. In this family sporogony is completed in the gametocyst.
The species in this superfamily are distinguished from Stenophoricae, members of which remain solitary until mature. These latter species typically forming associations only at the onset of syzygy.
# Parvez Imroz

Parvez Imroz is a Kashmiri human rights lawyer and a civil rights activist in Srinagar, the summer capital of the Jammu and Kashmir, India.
He is the founder and President of the Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JKCCS) that works to build local alliances between Kashmiri civil society groups, runs advocacy campaigns, documents rights violations and provides legal assistance to victims. He is also convener of International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Indian-administered Kashmir alongside Angana Chatterji, Gautam Navlakha and Zaheer-Ud-Din.
He has filed thousands of habeas corpus actions on behalf of families who claimed their relatives had vanished while in the custody of the Indian security forces. In 2008, along with his team, he first discovered the huge number of mass graves in J&K. Reportedly his group exposed more than 7,000 mass graves in the region over the years, on which no action has yet been taken by the government.

## Awards

He was awarded the eleventh Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize by Human Rights Institute of The Bar of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France and the European Bar Human Rights Institute (IDHAE) in 2006, that was first given to Nelson Mandela. In 2017, he was awarded the Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize for Human Rights along with Parveena Ahanger.

## Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JKCCS)

Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JKCCS) is a group of organizations and individuals in Jammu and Kashmir whose main focus of area is human rights in Jammu and Kashmir. It was founded on 20 June 2000. The society consists of individuals like Parvez Imroz (founder and President) and Khurram Parvez, and organisations like Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP), Public Commission on Human Rights (PCHR) and the International Peoples’ Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Kashmir (IPTK).
Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society is a regular opinion leader and their statements are featured in various articles related to issues in Jammu and Kashmir. JKCCS also comes out with various reports, and conducts documentation and legal proceedings related to human rights issues in Jammu and Kashmir.
Members of JKCCS have won various domestic and international awards for human rights work done in Jammu and Kashmir such as Khurram Parvez who won the Reebok Human Rights Award in 2006, and other members of JKCCS are well known human rights defenders such as Natasha Rather, a Front Line Defender, who also co-authored the book 'Do You Remember Kunan Poshpora?'.
The organization was awarded the 23rd Tji Hak-soon Justice and Peace Prize for work on protection of human rights and promoting justice and peace.
# KHMB

KHMB (99.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary music format. Licensed to Hamburg, Arkansas, United States. The station is currently owned by R&M Broadcasting.
# Abraham Baratz

Abraham Baratz (14 September 1895, Bessarabia – 1975, Paris) was a Romanian–French chess master.

## History

In 1924, Baratz took 2nd, behind Eugene Znosko-Borovsky, in Paris. In 1925, he tied for 1st with Vitaly Halberstadt in the 1st Paris City Chess Championship. In 1925, he took 3rd in Paris (Victor Kahn and Bertrand won). In January 1926, he won ahead of Dawid Janowski in Hyères. In 1926, he took 2nd, behind Leon Schwartzmann, in Paris (2nd Championship). In 1926, he took 5th in Scarborough (el.). In 1926, he won ahead of Max Romih in Paris. In March 1927, he took 4th in Hyères. In 1927, he won in the 3rd Paris Championship. In 1927/28, he tied for 1st-2nd with George Koltanowski in Hastings (Major). In 1928, he won in the 4th Paris Championship, followed by Josef Cukierman, Schwartzmann, etc. In 1929, he tied for 2nd-4th, behind Savielly Tartakower in Paris. In 1930, he tied for 1st-2nd with Wechsler in Bucharest. In 1930, he took 2nd, behind Taubmann, in Bucharest (Quadrangular). In 1930/31, he took 6th in Hastings (Major; Salo Flohr won).
Baratz played twice for Romania in the Chess Olympiads; at first board (+6 –4 =5) at Hamburg 1930, and at third board (+7 –3 =7) at Prague 1931. Then he emigrated to France.
In 1931, he tied for 2nd-3rd with Stefano Rosselli del Turco, behind Brian Reilly, in Nice. In 1933, he tied for 3rd-4th with Andor Lilienthal in Paris (Alexander Alekhine won). In 1938, he took 3rd in Paris (L'Echiquier; Baldur Hoenlinger won). In 1939, he took 4th in Paris (15th Championship; Nicolas Rossolimo won).
# Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya

Ipum of Geumgwan Gaya (died 407) (r. 346–407) was the fifth ruler of Geumgwan Gaya, a Gaya state of ancient Korea. He was the son of King Geojilmi and Queen Aji.

## Family

* Father: King Geojilmi (거질미왕; 居叱彌王)
* Mother: Lady Aji (아지부인; 阿志夫人)
* Wife: Lady Jeongsin (정신부인; 貞信夫人)
** Son: King Jwaji (좌지왕; 坐知王)
# Nikolay Shalayev

Wachmann Nikolay Yegorovich Shalayev was a Soviet SS auxiliary guard (Hilfswilliger) trained at Trawniki and serving as a gas chamber operator at the Treblinka extermination camp in occupied Poland during the Holocaust. He was one of two guards (along with Ivan Marchenko) in charge of the motor that produced the exhaust fumes which were fed through pipes into the gas chambers during the killing process.
Both Shalayev and Marczenko (known to his victims from Treblinka as "Ivan the Terrible") were sent by the SS to Trieste, Italy after Treblinka was closed, where they participated in the murder of prisoners at the Risiera di San Sabba concentration camp before the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.
Shalayev was tried in the Soviet Union after the war, and sentenced to death in 1951 for treason. On 3 May 1951 he gave testimony to his KGB interrogators about the gassing at Treblinka. In an attempt to defuse the sheer enormity of his crimes he kept pointing his finger at the Jews from the Sonderkommando "helping him". Shalayev was executed for his crimes at Treblinka.
Under interrogation to the NKVD he stated on 18 December 1950 "I together with Ivan Marchenko[Ivan Marczenko], two Germans and two Jews, was at the motor which produced the exhaust gas which was fed into the chambers of the gas chambers."
# List of Australian bicycle brands and manufacturers

This page lists notable Australian bicycle brands and manufacturing companies past and present. This article relates to pedal cycles, tricycles and power assisted cycles but does not include Motorcycles. For bicycle parts, see List of bicycle part manufacturing companies.
Many bicycle brands do not manufacture their own product, but rather import and re-brand bikes manufactured by others, sometimes designing the bike, specifying the equipment, and providing quality control. There are also brands that have, at different times, been manufacturers as well as re-branders: a company with manufacturing capability may market models made by other factories, while simultaneously manufacturing bicycles in-house.
Only brands or manufacturers that are notable as a bicycle brand should be included in this list. If no page exists for the company or brand, then the page to be linked to should be created first or a reference provided as to its notability or the entry will probably be removed.
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

* Allegro Bikes
* Apollo Bicycles
* Azzurri Bikes

## B

* Bair Electric Bikes
* Bastion Cycles
* Baum Cycles

## C

* Cleverley Electric Bikes
* Chappelli Cycles
* Ciombola
* Colony BMX
* The Copier Company
* Curve Cycling
* Cyclops

## D

* Deubel Bicycles
* Devlin Custom Cycles

## F

* FiSHAW E-Bikes
* Forgotten Bike Co.
* Furnari

## G

* Gellie Custom Bikes

## H

* Healing Cycles
* Hosking Bikes
* HTech Bikes

## I

* i am free

## K

* Kids Bike Company
* Kumo Cycles

## L

* Llewellyn Custom Bicycles

## M

* Malvern Star
* Mambo
* Mooro Cycles

## N

* NIXEYCLES

## O

* Ordica Electric Bicycles

## P

* Papillionaire Bicycles
* Penny Farthing Bicycles
* Prova Cycles

## R

* Rainbow Cycles
* Reid Cycles
* Repco Sports

## S

* Sheppard Cycles
* Shifter Bikes
* Single Speed Cycles
* Solar Bike
* Speedwell bicycles

## T

* Tiller Rides
* Tribe Bikes

## U

* Unicycle.com Australia

## V

* Vamos Electric Bikes
* Velosmith
* Vivente
* Vuelo Velo Bicycles

## W

* Woods Bicycle Co.
* Wyld Bikes

## Z

* Zerode Bikes
* Zoomo
# Dae Ijin

Dae Ijin (r. 830–857) was the 11th king of the Balhae kingdom, which existed from AD 698 to 926 and occupied parts of Manchuria and northern Korea. The era name of his reign was Hamhwa (咸和, 함화).
He was preceded by his grandfather, Seon of Balhae. The king made efforts for the consolidation of a centralized administrative system and organized a standing army.
# Mathieu Dufour

Mathieu Dufour (born 28 December 1973 in Paris) is a French classical flutist. He is a former principal flutist of the Berlin Philharmonic.

## Early life

Dufour began playing the flute at the age of 8. He studied under Madeleine Chassang and Maxence Larrieu at the Lyon Conservatory.

## Career

Dufour was appointed principal flute of the Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse in 1993, and then held the same position with the Paris Opera in 1996. He plays on a Yamaha YFL-997 flute.
Dufour was appointed principal flute of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1999 by Daniel Barenboim. He briefly left in September 2009 to play principal flute with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, though later stated he had joined them on a one-year trial basis and was able to hold positions with both orchestras. He returned to Chicago in January 2010. He joined the Berlin Philharmonic as principal flute in August 2015, replacing the retiring Andreas Blau and sharing the role with Emmanuel Pahud. He left the orchestra in December 2021 at his own request for personal reasons, and was succeeded in May 2022 by Sébastian Jacot.
# Saltville Historic District

Saltville Historic District is a national historic district located at Saltville, Smyth County, Virginia. The district includes 104 contributing buildings and 3 contributing sites in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Saltville. It includes a variety of residential and commercial buildings primarily dating from the late-19th to mid-20th centuries. Notable buildings and sites include Well Fields, Saltville Golf Course, Office Building (1850), Mathieson Alkali Office Building (1894), company store (1895), First National Bank of Saltville, St. Paul's Episcopal Church (1896), Gothic Revival style Madam Russell Memorial United Methodist Church, Duplex House (1894), Saltville Post Office (1931), Piggly-Wiggly Store, Saltville Savings Bank (1920), and Saltville Town Hall (1949).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
# Candle warmer

A candle warmer is an electric warmer that melts a candle or scented wax to release its scent. The candle warmer shown is intended to be used with jar candles or candles in cups, not with taper candles or candles without containers large enough to accommodate all the melted wax. Some candle warmers have a built-in bowl in which the candle is placed.
The advantages of using a candle warmer include the absence of open flame and the soot that often results from burning wax. The main disadvantage of a plate candle warmer is candle life. While the candle can still be burned (provided the wick is still exposed), the wax no longer contains any fragrances. Many warmers are designed to be used with "wickless" candles, which are blocks or lumps of scented candle wax with no wick. It is also used to keep hot beverages such as coffee warm by placing the mug on the warmer.

## General benefits

Candle warmers are a safer option for burning candles and/or wax because there is no open flame and many candle warmers come with an auto-off function, which reduces the risk of house-fire. In addition to these safety benefits, candle warmers do not produce any soot and burn candles more efficiently. With large candles in particular, often the wax furthest from the wick does not melt. A candle warmer solves this problem by heating the candle evenly.

## General disadvantages

The key disadvantage to using a candle warmer is that the wax loses its fragrance more quickly than when being burned by flame. In addition to this, candle warmers cost more than a box of matches or even a lighter, with prices ranging from $8.00 to nearly $50.00 for a single warmer. And of course, multiple candle warmers are needed to burn multiple candles at the same time. Similarly, access to electrical outlets is also needed for each warmer, which limits the spaces one can use a candle warmer. Additionally, not all candles can be used with candle warmers. Only candles in glass jars that appropriately fit the size of the warmer plate may be used. This excludes tapered candles, candles without containers, and small or very large candles.

## Safety warnings

Vegetable-based wax candles are likely to explode if used in a candle warmer. Such explosions may occur because the wax at the bottom of the candle expands as it melts, building up pressure and eventually forcing through either the solid wax layer above it or the glass container. A candle heated by its own flame melts from the top down and therefore cannot explode in this manner.
Though a candle warmer does not employ the use of an open flame to burn a candle, the plate the candle sits on is still a hot surface. Therefore, users should be aware to keep candle warmers away from flammable surfaces, children, pets, and be mindful not to touch the plate while in use. In addition to this, users should be aware of the voltage requirements/ limitations of the device and the voltage of the electrical outlets in their home to prevent damage and harm to oneself and home.
# Spout Spring, Virginia

Spout Spring is an unincorporated community in Appomattox County, Virginia, United States. This town was a stop on the Southside Railroad in the mid-nineteenth Century. This became the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad in 1870 and then a line in the Norfolk and Western Railway and now the Norfolk Southern Railway.
# Spring Hill, Gibson County, Tennessee

Spring Hill, also called Central, is an old unincorporated community in West Tennessee. Spring Hill can be considered part of Eaton to some. One of the things known about Spring Hill is its old gin that was around. Another is the Spring Hill School (Home Of The Hornets) that exists next to the Spring Hill Baptist Church.

## Geography

Located on the 188 between Yorkville and Eaton, West of Whitway and Trenton, northwest of Humboldt, Gibson, Gibson Wells, and Brazil, and East of what once was College Hill; Spring Hill is merged with Central, in fact, some maps show Spring Hill as the name and others show Central as the name.

## History

The Spring Hill High School was demolished. Central Fire Department changed its name to Spring Hill Fire Department somewhere in the 2000's, before 2019, to reflect the nearby school and churches. The Spring Hill graveyards were contributed by Buckner's wife

## Education

The Spring Hill Elementary School is a K-8 school in Gibson County. The school exists/is located at 84 Tennessee State Route 188, Eaton, Tennessee 38331. A boundary map of the Spring Hill School district expands into Brazil. The same boundary map indicates where Central is under the Spring Hill School District.
Spring Hill Elementary School used to include a highschool until the late 1900s. Spring Hill School is home of the Hornets.

## Transportation
### Road

The 104 and the 188 intersect in Central.

### Rail

The Newbern–Dyersburg train station is about 11 miles (18 km) away in Newbern.
# Stafford, Oklahoma

Stafford is an unincorporated community in Custer County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, at the intersection of County Roads 2170 and 1020. It lies approximately six miles west of Clinton, seven miles southwest of the county seat Arapaho, and 10 miles southeast of Butler. The town sits on the east bank of the Washita River downstream from Foss Reservoir.

## History

Stafford was settled in the mid to late 1890s. It was primarily a farming community that provided services to area farmers, including two general stores, a post office, a wheat elevator, and a school. The Clinton and Oklahoma Western Railroad (later the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway) was built through Stafford in 1909–1910. The line was abandoned in 1981. The U.S. post office was in operation from 1909 to 1955. The Stafford Consolidated School served area students until 1962, when it was consolidated with the Arapaho-Butler Public School District. The Stafford Cemetery is one mile east of town.

## Climate

Climate data for Stafford, Oklahoma :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 47.8 (8.8) | 53.1 (11.7) | 62.2 (16.8) | 72.9 (22.7) | 80.5 (26.9) | 89.4 (31.9) | 95.6 (35.3) | 93.3 (34.1) | 84.6 (29.2) | 74.4 (23.6) | 60.2 (15.7) | 49.9 (9.9) | 72.0 (22.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.1 (−7.2) | 24.4 (−4.2) | 32.6 (0.3) | 44.1 (6.7) | 53.3 (11.8) | 63.5 (17.5) | 68.4 (20.2) | 66.5 (19.2) | 57.9 (14.4) | 44.6 (7.0) | 32.6 (0.3) | 22.4 (−5.3) | 44.1 (6.7) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.7 (18) | 1.1 (28) | 1.9 (48) | 2.0 (51) | 4.2 (110) | 3.8 (97) | 2.0 (51) | 3.0 (76) | 3.1 (79) | 2.0 (51) | 1.6 (41) | 0.8 (20) | 26.2 (670) |
| Source: Weatherbase.com ||||||||||||||
# Chrysler A platform

The Chrysler A platform was the basis for smaller rear wheel drive cars in the 1960s. These cars are sometimes referred to as A-body cars.
Cars using the A platform in various markets around the world include:
* 1960–1976 Plymouth Valiant
* 1960–1981 Chrysler Valiant
* 1961–1962 Dodge Lancer
* 1961–1963 DeSoto Rebel
* 1963–1976 Dodge Dart
* 1964–1969 Plymouth Barracuda
* 1971–1976 Plymouth Scamp
* 1970–1976 Plymouth Duster
* 1971–1972 Dodge Demon
* 1971–1978 Valiant Charger
* 1969–1970 Valiant VF
* 1970–1971 Valiant VG
This list is not complete: A-platform vehicles not included on this list were sold in some countries until 1981.
Wheelbases:
* 106.5 in
** 1960–1962 Valiant, Chrysler Valiant, and Plymouth Valiant (worldwide)
** 1961–1962 Dodge Lancer
** 1961–1963 DeSoto Rebel (South Africa)
* 106 in
** 1963–1966 Plymouth Valiant (USA, Mexico, Europe)
** 1964–1966 Plymouth Barracuda
** 1963–1966 Dodge Dart wagon
** 1965 Valiant V100, Custom 100 (Canada)
* 108 in
** 1967–1973 Plymouth Valiant
** 1967–1969 Plymouth Barracuda
** 1970–1976 Plymouth Duster
** 1971–1972 Dodge Demon
** 1973–1976 Dodge Dart Sport
* 111 in
** 1963–1966 Chrysler Valiant (Argentina, Brazil)
** 1971–1976 Plymouth Scamp
** 1974–1976 Plymouth Valiant
** 1963–1976 Dodge Dart
** 1963–1964 and 1966 Chrysler Valiant (Canada)
** 1965 Valiant V200, Custom 200 (Canada)

## 1989

The "A" name was reused again for the mid-size Chrysler LeBaron, Dodge Spirit and Plymouth Acclaim sedans, though this was changed to AA when Chrysler moved to two-letter names for 1990. The "AA" cars lasted until 1995 when replaced by the more modern, but less popular, JA "Cloud Cars" in the same year.
Cars that used the front wheel drive AA platform were:
* 1990–1994 Chrysler LeBaron sedan
* 1989–1995 Chrysler Saratoga (export only)
* 1989–1995 Dodge Spirit
* 1989–1995 Plymouth Acclaim