# Zunyi

Zunyi (simplified Chinese: 遵义; traditional Chinese: 遵義; pinyin: Zūnyì) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south and Chongqing to the north, also bordering Sichuan to the northwest. Along with Guiyang and Liupanshui, it is one of the most important cities of the province. The metro area is made of three urban districts of the city, Huichuan, Honghuagang, and Bozhou, had a population of 2,360,549 people; and the whole prefecture, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, had a population of 6,606,675 at the 2020 census.
Zunyi is known for being the location of the Zunyi Conference in 1935, where Mao Zedong was first elected to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party during the Long March.

## History

The area of Zunyi was originally inhabited by the Tongzi people during the Paleolithic. Later, its territory was a part of several kingdoms. Zunyi was considered to be the center of the Yelang kingdom. The region around Zunyi first came under Chinese rule during Han dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. After the Han dynasty collapsed, the area remained under nominal Chinese control, but much of the administration was left to local, non-Han chiefs. In the 7th century CE, the area came under regular Chinese administration during the Tang dynasty, Zunyi was placed under the new Bo Prefecture (Bozhou).
Towards the end of the Tang, Bozhou was conquered by the Nanzhao Kingdom. However, it soon gained independence as the Chiefdom of Bozhou in AD 876. The chiefdom became an autonomous prefecture of the Song and subsequent dynasties, while the ruling Yang family held power in Zunyi for more than seven centuries. Bozhou rebelled against the Ming dynasty in 1589, resisting the Ming for more than a decade before its eventual destruction in 1600. Subsequently, Zunyi Prefecture was established, with the present-day city of Zunyi becoming the prefectural seat. Zunyi retained its status as a prefectural seat through the Qing dynasty. After the Xinhai Revolution, Zunyi was redesignated as a county in 1914.
In 1935, the Zunyi Conference took place in the city, resulting in Mao Zedong becoming the de facto leader of the Chinese Communist Party.
During the country's First Five-Year Plan, Zunyi was redesignated as a city, and experienced considerable growth and transformation.

## Geography and climate

Zunyi is located in northern Guizhou at an elevation of 865 m (2,838 ft); it is situated in the transition from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin and hill country of Hunan.
Zunyi has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), slightly modified by elevation. It has fairly mild winters and hot, humid summers; close to 60% of the year's 1,022 mm (40 in) of precipitation occurs from May to August. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 4.7 °C (40.5 °F) in January to 25.4 °C (77.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.8 °C (60.4 °F). Rain is common throughout the year, with 176 days annually precipitation, though it does not actually accumulate to much in winter, the cloudiest time of year; summer, in contrast, is the sunniest. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from around 9% in January and February to 42% in August, the city receives only 1,028 hours of bright sunshine annually; only a few locations in neighbouring Sichuan receive less sunshine on average.
Climate data for Zunyi, elevation 844 m (2,769 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.4 (79.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 33.0 (91.4) | 37.6 (99.7) | 36.5 (97.7) | 35.1 (95.2) | 37.6 (99.7) | 38.7 (101.7) | 36.6 (97.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 28.0 (82.4) | 24.7 (76.5) | 38.7 (101.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) | 10.6 (51.1) | 15.5 (59.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 27.1 (80.8) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.3 (86.5) | 26.7 (80.1) | 20.2 (68.4) | 15.7 (60.3) | 9.9 (49.8) | 20.0 (67.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) | 7.1 (44.8) | 11.1 (52.0) | 16.3 (61.3) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.9 (73.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.5 (61.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 6.8 (44.2) | 15.8 (60.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) | 4.9 (40.8) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.0 (55.4) | 16.6 (61.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.6 (49.3) | 4.7 (40.5) | 13.0 (55.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) | −5.4 (22.3) | −3.2 (26.2) | 1.6 (34.9) | 7.5 (45.5) | 10.9 (51.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 14.7 (58.5) | 9.4 (48.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | −5.5 (22.1) | −7.1 (19.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24.8 (0.98) | 22.6 (0.89) | 39.0 (1.54) | 78.0 (3.07) | 132.5 (5.22) | 204.1 (8.04) | 168.4 (6.63) | 109.1 (4.30) | 77.3 (3.04) | 100.4 (3.95) | 41.1 (1.62) | 24.7 (0.97) | 1,022 (40.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 15.3 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 16.6 | 18.3 | 16.9 | 12.8 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 16.5 | 12.5 | 13.4 | 175.5 |
| Average snowy days | 5.9 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.7 | 10.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 78 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 79 | 75 | 73 | 74 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 28.8 | 36.5 | 64.8 | 88.6 | 104.1 | 93.6 | 155.6 | 170.1 | 122.9 | 66.0 | 59.0 | 37.9 | 1,027.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 9 | 12 | 17 | 23 | 25 | 23 | 37 | 42 | 34 | 19 | 18 | 12 | 23 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Administration

Administrative Map of Zunyi City :
| Honghuagang Huichuan Bozhou Tongzi County Suiyang County Zheng'an County Daozhen County Wuchuan County Fenggang County Meitan County Yuqing County Xishui County Chishui (city) Renhuai (city) ||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Area (square kilometers) | Administrative Seat | Postal Code |
| Zunyi City | 遵义市 | Zūnyì Shì | 30780.73 | Huichuan District | 563000 |
| Honghuagang District | 红花岗区 | Hónghuāgǎng Qū | 705.49 | Zhongzhuang Subdistrict | 563000 |
| Huichuan District | 汇川区 | Huìchuān Qū | 611.23 | Dalianlu Subdistrict | 563000 |
| Bozhou District | 播州区 | Bōzhōu Qū | 4092.00 | Nanbai Subdistrict | 563100 |
| Tongzi County | 桐梓县 | Tóngzǐ Xiàn | 3193.54 | Loushanguan | 563200 |
| Suiyang County | 绥阳县 | Suīyáng Xiàn | 2544.52 | Yangchuan | 563300 |
| Zheng'an County | 正安县 | Zhèng'ān Xiàn | 2595.24 | Fengyi | 563400 |
| Daozhen County | 道真仡佬族 苗族自治县 | Dàozhēn Gēlǎozú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 2157.50 | Yuxi | 563500 |
| Wuchuan County | 务川仡佬族 苗族自治县 | Wùchuān Gēlǎozú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 2777.59 | Duru | 564300 |
| Fenggang County | 凤冈县 | Fènggāng Xiàn | 1885.43 | Longquan | 564200 |
| Meitan County | 湄潭县 | Méitán Xiàn | 1859.13 | Meijiang | 564100 |
| Yuqing County | 余庆县 | Yúqìng Xiàn | 1623.67 | Baini | 564400 |
| Xishui County | 习水县 | Xíshuǐ Xiàn | 3063.28 | Donghuang | 564600 |
| Chishui City | 赤水市 | Chìshuǐ Shì | 1882.57 | Shizhong Subdistrict | 564700 |
| Renhuai City | 仁怀市 | Rénhuái Shì | 1789.53 | Yanjin Subdistrict | 564500 |
| Note: Honghuagang figures contain the San Po New Area under the jurisdiction of the town. ||||||

## Ethnic groups

The 1999 Zunyi Prefecture Almanac lists the following ethnic groups.
* Gelao
* Miao
** m̥uŋ˥˧ sa˥ ("Blue-Skirted Miao"): most populous, found in western Zunyi Prefecture
** m̥uŋ˥˧ la˥˧ ("Red-Skirted Miao"): central Zunyi Prefecture
** m̥uŋ˥˧ tleu˥˧ ("White-Skirted Miao"): least populous, found in central Zunyi Prefecture
** m̥uɑ˥˧ ʂuɑ˥ ("Chinese Miao"; clothing similar to that of the m̥uŋ˥˧ tleu˥˧): northwestern Zunyi Prefecture
* Tujia
* Buyi
* Yi
* Dong
* Hui
* Manchu

## Transportation

* China National Highway 210
* China National Highway 306
* Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway
* G4215 Rongzun Expressway
* G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway
* G75 Lanzhou-Haikou Expressway
* Shizi Bridge
* Sichuan–Guizhou Railway
* Zunyi Xinzhou Airport
A rapid transit system is in the planning stages for Zunyi.

## Economy

Zunyi is the economic and commercial hub of the North Guizhou Province. In 2019, Zunyi's GDP was CN¥348.3 billion (US$53 billion).

## Culture

Being known as the "home of culture" of Guizhou province, Zunyi, or the North-Guizhou area, is the education and economic centre of the province.

### Museums & tourism

The Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum is located in Honghuagang District, and consists of several sites related to the historical Zunyi Conference.

### Institutions of higher learning

Zunyi is home to the Zunyi Medical College (ZMC), which was formerly the Dalian Medical College founded in 1947. The college was moved from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed to the Zunyi Medical College with the approval of the State Council in 1969. Another college-level institution of in the city is the Zunyi Normal College (遵义师范学院).

### Food and liquor

The rice liquor Maotai is produced in the town of Maotai, known as the "national liquor of China." Zunyi is home to much chili pepper cultivation, and red sorghum is also grown in Zunyi, a key ingredient for baijiu in China.