OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ryland Randolph

Ryland Randolph (1835 – April 5, 1903) was a newspaper publisher, Ku Klux Klan leader, and state legislator who lived in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He used his newspaper, the Independent Monitor, to lambast Republicans during the Reconstruction era as carpetbaggers, scalawags, and freed blacks, and attacked fellow legislator Shandy Jones and others with a cartoon of them being lynched. Jones retreated from Tuscaloosa in 1869 due to threats against him from Klansmen including Randolph and settled in Mobile. According to the first paragraph of Gladys Ward's 1932 masters thesis at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, no one was truer to the white man's cause than Randolph and he was idolized by many.
Randolph was born in 1835 to a slave-owning family in Culpeper County, Virginia. During the American Civil War, he fought as a cavalryman in the Confederate States Army.
Randolph won a seat in the Alabama House of Representatives after one of Tuscaloosa's two representatives in the house was murdered by the Klan. A cartoon which he published of two Republican politicians being lynched from the branch of a tree was reprinted in Republican papers in Ohio to expose Democratic brutality.
The Montgomery Mail reported in March 1868, Randolph was arrested by Federal authorities after stabbing Balus Eddins, an African American man. He was tried by a military court for assault with intent to commit murder, but was acquitted. In 1869, he led a lynch mob that killed a black man.
On the morning of April 1, 1870, Randolph was severely wounded, and an elderly bystander killed, in a confrontation with a University of Alabama cadet over politics. Randolph's breast pocket wallet blocked the cadet's shot, sparing him from a potentially fatal injury. The cadet fled, with Randolph giving chase and emptying his revolver in an unsuccessful attempt to kill the student. Randolph thereupon threw the empty revolver at him when he took shelter in a nearby store. When Randolph burst in after him, the cadet fired one last shot at him, striking him just above the knee. Randolph continued to give chase, but soon passed out from blood loss. Gangrene set into his leg, which resulted in it having to be amputated. For the rest of his life, Randolph suffered from neuralgia, as well as irregular bouts of morphine addiction. He also had to walk with a cane and crutch for the rest of his life.
Randolph eventually moved to Birmingham. He served as an editor of The Independent Monitor and was also its publisher for a time. G. Ward Hubbs wrote about the infamous lynching cartoon in his book Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman. In the spring of 1903, Randolph, now 67, boarded a trolley in Birmingham set for his home. However, the trolley moved suddenly, resulting in him suffering fatal injuries. Ward described the incident in the biography.
   "The car started with a jerk, and he was thrown backward full length. His head struck the iron plate which covered the door sill, and he was knocked unconscious. He never recovered his strength, and he died April 5, 1903."
# Christine Jensen (musician)

Christine Jensen is a composer, conductor, and saxophonist based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She was awarded the Juno Award for Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year for her albums Treelines (2011) and Habitat (2014). She is the sister of trumpeter Ingrid Jensen.
Jensen received her Bachelor's degree in Jazz Performance at McGill University in 1994, and later her Master's in 2006. She has studied under the tutelage of Pat LaBarbera, Jim McNeely, Kenny Werner, and Steve Wilson.
Jensen has collaborated with many artists including her sister, Ingrid, Ben Monder, Lorne Lofsky, Allison Au, Phil Dwyer, Donny McCaslin, Geoffrey Keezer, Brad Turner, and Lenny Pickett.
She is a former faculty member at McGill University's Schulich School of Music, as well as current Assistant Professor of Jazz Studies at Eastman School of Music.

## Discography

* 2000 - Collage
* 2002 - A Shorter Distance
* 2006 - Look Left
* 2011 - Treelines - Christine Jensen Jazz Orchestra
* 2013 - Transatlantic Conversations: 11 Piece Band
* 2014 - Habitat - Christine Jensen Jazz Orchestra
* 2016 - Infinitude
* 2017 - Under the Influence Suite - Orchestre National de Jazz de Montreal
* 2020 - Genealogy - Code Quartet
* 2023 - Day Moon
* 2024 - Harbour - Christine Jensen Jazz Orchestra
# Daniel Wise (mathematician)

Daniel T. Wise (born January 24, 1971) is an American mathematician who specializes in geometric group theory and 3-manifolds. He is a professor of mathematics at McGill University. Wise's conjecture is named after him.

## Education

Daniel Wise obtained his PhD from Princeton University in 1996 supervised by Martin Bridson His thesis was titled non-positively curved squared complexes, aperiodic tilings, and non-residually finite groups.

## Career and research

Wise's research has focused on the role of non-positively curved cube complexes within geometric group theory and their interplay with residual finiteness. His early work was taken to higher dimensions when he introduced with Frédéric Haglund the theory of special cube complexes. In 2009 he announced a solution to the virtually fibered conjecture for cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This was a consequence of his work on the structure of groups with a quasiconvex hierarchy which proved the virtual specialness of a broad class of hyperbolic groups, and established a program for using cube complexes to understand many infinite groups. This subsequently played a key role in the proof of the Virtually Haken conjecture.

### Selected publications

* Wise, Daniel T (2004). "Cubulating Small Cancellation Groups". Geom. Funct. Anal. 14: 150–214. doi:10.1007/s00039-004-0454-y. S2CID 119826713.
* Wise, Daniel T (2002). "The residual finiteness of negatively curved polygons of finite groups". Invent. Math. 149 (3): 579–617. Bibcode:2002InMat.149..579W. doi:10.1007/s002220200224. S2CID 122345756.
* Haglund, Frédéric; Wise, Daniel T. (2012). "A combination theorem for special cube complexes". Annals of Mathematics. 176 (3): 1427–1482. doi:10.4007/annals.2012.176.3.2.
* Wise, Daniel T. From Riches to Raags: 3-Manifolds, Right-Angled Artin Groups and Cubical Geometry (AMS Lecture Notes, 2012).
* Bergeron, Nicolas; Wise, Daniel T. (2012). "A Boundary Criterion for Cubulation". American Journal of Mathematics. 134 (3): 843–859. arXiv:0908.3609. doi:10.1353/ajm.2012.0020. S2CID 14128842.

### Awards and honors

In 2016 he was awarded the Jeffery–Williams Prize and the CRM-Fields-PIMS Prize. In 2016 Wise was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) in 2014 and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018. For the theory of special cube complexes and his establishment of subgroup separability for a wide class of groups, Daniel Wise together with Ian Agol was awarded in 2013 the Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry. In 2019, he was awarded the Lobachevsky Prize for his contributions to the virtual Haken conjecture.
# Von Gimborn Arboretum

Von Gimborn Arboretum is a large living collection of woody plants in the Netherlands.The arboretum is situated in Doorn, province of Utrecht, about 25 km to the east from the city of Utrecht, and together with its nursery currently occupies an area of 27 ha. It is named after its founder, German ink manufacturer Max Th. Von Gimborn (1872–1964), which started it in 1924 as a private collection of conifers and ericaceous plants. The collection was laid down as a 23 ha landscape garden designed by Gerard Bleeker. It is still one of the largest conifer collections in Western Europe, though now it contains many other trees and shrubs as well. It holds national plant collections of conifers (particularly Tsuga), Ericaceae (and Rhododendron in particular), Aceraceae, Betulaceae, Euonymus, Fraxinus, Laburnum, Magnolia and Syringa. A number of cultivars of woody plants originate there. The arboretum is open to the public daily for a small fee.
# John McCormac

John E. McCormac is an American Democratic Party politician, who is serving as the Mayor of Woodbridge Township, New Jersey. He served as State Treasurer of New Jersey for four years in the cabinets of former Governor of New Jersey James McGreevey and former Gov. Richard Codey.

## Biography

McCormac was born and raised in Woodbridge. He attended St. Cecelia's grammar school in Iselin and graduated from St. Thomas Aquinas High School in 1976. He earned a BA in Accounting from Rutgers University and a master's degree in Finance from St. John's University.
McCormac had served as chief financial officer and business administrator of Woodbridge Township, during McGreevey's tenure as Mayor of the Township. When McGreevey became governor, he named McCormac to the treasurer's job. Codey, who succeeded McGreevey in November 2004, retained McCormac in the post for his administration.
After leaving the treasurer's office in January 2006, McCormac announced his intention to seek the Democratic nomination for Mayor of Woodbridge in the 2007 election. He was planning on opposing Mayor Frank Pelzman in the Democratic primary. Pelzman's unexpected June 2006 death triggered a November 2006 special election where McCormac won; he was sworn in on November 13, 2006 and has held the post ever since; State Senator Joseph Vitale was appointed to serve as mayor until the special election winner was sworn in. McCormac is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition.
# Genetic epistemology

Genetic epistemology or 'developmental theory of knowledge' is a study of the origins (genesis) of knowledge (epistemology) established by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. This theory opposes traditional epistemology and unites constructivism and structuralism. Piaget took epistemology as the starting point and adopted the method of genetics, arguing that all knowledge of the child is generated through interaction with the environment.

## Aims

The goal of genetic epistemology is to link the knowledge to the model of its construction – i.e., the context in which knowledge is gained affects its perception, quality, and degree of retention. Further, genetic epistemology seeks to explain the process of cognitive development (from birth) in four primary stages: sensorimotor (birth to age 2), pre-operational (2–7), concrete operational (7–11), and formal operational (11 years onward).
As an example, consider that for children in the sensorimotor stage, teachers should try to provide a rich and stimulating environment with ample objects to play with. Then with children in the concrete operational stage, learning activities should involve problems of classification, ordering, location, conservation using concrete objects. The main focus is on the younger years of development. Assimilation occurs when the perception of a new event or object occurs to the learner in an existing schema and is usually used in the context of self-motivation. In Accommodation, one accommodates the experiences according to the outcome of the tasks. The highest form of development is equilibration. Equilibration encompasses both assimilation and accommodation as the learner changes how they think to get a better answer.
Piaget believed that knowledge is a biological function that results from the actions of an individual through change. He also stated that knowledge consists of structures, and comes about by the adaptation of these structures with the environment.

## Types of knowledge

Piaget proposes three types of knowledge: physical, logical mathematical, and social knowledge.
Physical knowledge: It refers to knowledge related to objects in the world, which can be acquired through perceptual properties. The acquisition of physical knowledge has been equated with learning in Piaget's theory (Gruber and Voneche, 1995). In other words, thought is fit directly to experience.
   Piaget also called his view constructivism, because he firmly believed that knowledge acquisition is a process of continuous self-construction. That is, Knowledge is not out there, external to the child and waiting to be discovered. But neither is it wholly performed within the child, ready to emerge as the child develops with the world surrounding her ... Piaget believed that children actively approach their environments and acquire knowledge through their actions.
# Amram ibn Salameh

Amram ibn Salameh ibn Ghazal ha-Kohen ha-Levi was a Samaritan liturgical poet of late antiquity. A number of prayers by him are incorporated in a liturgy, a fragment of which is in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, England. They consist of hymns for the Ten Days of Repentance, for both the morning and the evening services, as well as liturgic poems for the seven days of Sukkot, morning and evening.

## Resources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Enelow, H. G. (1901). "Amram ibn Salameh ibn Ghazal ha-Kohen ha-Levi". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 535.
# Tonopah Extension Mining Company Power Building

The Tonapah Extension Mining Company Power Building is a historic power plant located on Main Street in Tonopah, Nevada. The building was constructed by 1920 by the Tonopah Extension Mining Company, possibly as a replacement for a 1909 plant. The plant was built with fired brick, an unusual construction material in the area. It is the only surviving building from the Tonopah Extension Mine, a major Tonopah mine which opened in 1903.
The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 20, 1982.
# West Barito languages

The West Barito languages are a group of half a dozen Dayak (Austronesian) languages of Borneo, Indonesia. They are named after the Barito River.

## Subgrouping

The languages are:
* North
** Kohin
** Dohoi (Ot Danum)
** Siang
* South
** Mendawai
** Bakumpai
** Berangas (possibly a Bakumpai dialect)
** Ngaju
# Jenn Donahue

Jennifer L. Donahue is an American businesswoman, seismic engineer, and leadership coach. She is the founder and incumbent president of JL Donahue Engineering.
Donahue has served as a US Navy Captain in Iraq and Afghanistan.

## Early life and education

Donahue was educated at Texas A&M University. Later, she completed her doctorate degree with specialization in geotechnical earthquake engineering from University of California, Berkeley College of Engineering.

## Career

Donahue joined the US Navy in 1996 and served in the Civil Engineer Corps before joining the reserve component in 2000.
In 2011, she traveled to Japan to analyze the earthquake which triggered a tsunami. She also went to Samoa after the 8.1 earthquake.
She has also taught courses at University of California, Berkeley and University of California, Los Angeles. Currently, she lectures at California Polytechnic State University.
Donahue is the founder of JL Donahue Engineering, a notable seismic analysis and engineering firm, which is based in California.

## Publication

* The Last Seabee Battalion in Afghanistan
# Napa High School

Napa High School, established in 1897, is a four-year comprehensive high school located in Napa, California with 1860 students. It is one of three comprehensive high schools in the Napa Valley Unified School District. The other comprehensive high schools are Vintage High School and American Canyon High School. In addition, the district has a small technology high school, New Technology High School; a Catholic high school, Justin-Siena High School; and four comprehensive middle schools fed by 19 elementary schools.

## Sports

Napa High was part of the Monticello Empire League (MEL). However, Napa High switched leagues in the 2018–19 school year and now play in the Vine Valley Athletic League. The Vine Valley Athletic League consists of seven California high schools: Napa High School, American Canyon High School, Casa Grande High School, Justin Siena High School, Petaluma High School, Sonoma Valley High School, and Vintage High School.
Napa High School offers several sports, which are separated into Fall, Winter, and Spring seasons with Summer practice for certain sports.
Fall Sports: Cross Country, Football, Girls Golf, Girls Tennis, Volleyball, and Water Polo
Winter Sports: Basketball, Wrestling, and Soccer
Spring Sports: Baseball, Boys Golf, Badminton, Lacrosse, Softball, Swimming, Boys Tennis, and Track and Field

## Mascot controversy

Following other schools and organizations in California, it was decided that the fate of the mascot, the Indian, would be voted on by the Napa Valley Unified School District Board in 2017. Protests and controversies delayed the vote until March 2018. On March 22, 2018, the school board voted to drop the Indian mascot.
During the first days of the 2018–19 school year, the students of Napa High School voted the "Grizzly" as the new mascot.

## Notable alumni

* Brock Bowers, tight end for the Las Vegas Raiders
* John Boyett, former National Football League player
* Warren Brusstar, former Major League Baseball player
* Bill Buckner, former Major League Baseball player
* Mary C. Dunlap, civil rights lawyer
* Michael Gage, member of the California State Assembly from 1976 to 1980
* Mike Gibson, former National Football League player
* Steve Hendrickson, former National Football League player
* Thomas McDermott Jr., Mayor of Hammond, Indiana and 2020 congressional candidate
# Nina's Tragedies

Nina's Tragedies (Hebrew: האסונות של נינה) is a 2003 Israeli comedy-drama film about a boy Nadav and his aunt Nina. The film is shown from the perspective of Nadav and tells of his experiences regarding his aunt Nina and her loss, understanding love and confronting death in his family. The film is directed by Savi Gabizon and starring Ayelet Zurer, Yoram Hattab, Aviv Elkabets, Alon Abutbul, Shmil Ben Ari, and Anat Waxman.

## Plot summary

Fourteen-year-old Nadav is hopelessly in love with his aunt Nina (Ayelet Zurer), who has recently lost her husband (Hattab). He is caught between the two worlds of his divorced parents: his mother (Waxman) is a high-strung fashionista, while his father (Ben Ari) has recently become devoutly Orthodox and withdrawn from the family in order to join a group of Hassidic Jews who tour Tel Aviv in a van, blasting the word of God through loudspeakers.
# Radio Disney Music Award for Best Artist Turned Singer

The following is a list of Radio Disney Music Award winners and nominees for Best Artist Turned Singer (also known as Best Actress Turned Singer).

## Winners and nominees
### 2000s

| Year | Winner | Nominees |
| 2001 | Unrealized | Unrealized |
| 2002 | Unrealized | Unrealized |
| 2003 | Unrealized | Unrealized |
| 2004 | Hilary Duff | Lindsay Lohan Mandy Moore |
| 2005 | Raven-Symoné | Emma Roberts Hayden Panettiere |
| 2006 | Miley Cyrus | Vanessa Hudgens Alyson Michalka Raven-Symoné |
| 2007 | Amanda Bynes | Ashley Tisdale Drake Bell Miranda Cosgrove |
# Deschloroetizolam

Deschloroetizolam (also known as Etizolam-2) is a thienotriazolodiazepine that is the dechlorinated analog of the closely related etizolam. The compound has been sold as a designer drug.

## Legal status

Deschloroetizolam is classified and controlled as a hazardous substance in Sweden as of on October 15, 2015.
Deschloroetizolam was made schedule I at the state level in Alabama on July 15th, 2024.
# Sing Tao Chinese Radio

Sing Tao Chinese Radio is the radio division of the Sing Tao News Corporation in the San Francisco Bay Area. It currently leases time from KVTO (1400 AM) and KSQQ (96.1 FM).

## History

Sing Tao Chinese Radio began broadcasting in Cantonese on KEST (1450 AM) on April 8, 1996, and on KVTO on June 2, 1997. As of 2016, KVTO carries Sing Tao's programs on weekdays from 7 am to 2 pm and from 4 pm to 7 pm, and 12 noon to 2pm Saturday and Sunday.
Mandarin broadcasts began on March 3, 1997. As of 2016, KSQQ carries Sing Tao's programs on weekdays from 7 am to 1 pm to the Mandarin-speaking population which is concentrated in the South Bay area.
Singtao Chinese Radio began to cease Cantonese broadcasts from KEST 1450 AM in July 2005 and it currently has only one Cantonese broadcasting station on KVTO 1400 AM.

## Location

Broadcast studios are located in the Sing Tao Daily newspaper building in South San Francisco.
# Ubakhea, California

Ubakhea is a former Pomo settlement in Mendocino County, California, and a division of the Pomo people named for the settlement, recorded by George Gibbs in 1851. It was located in southern Mendocino County, near Sanel; its precise location is unknown.
The Ubakhea band of Pomo are one of four bands of Pomo described by Gibbs as living between Sanel and the coast; the other three are Bochheaf, Tabahtea, and Moiya.
# Shōwa Tennō Monogatari

Shōwa Tennō Monogatari (昭和天皇物語, lit. "Shōwa Emperor Tale") is a Japanese manga series written by Issei Eifuku and illustrated by Junichi Nōjō, based on the novel Shōwashi by Kazutoshi Handō. It has been serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Original since April 2017.

## Development

Editor-in-chief of Big Comic Original Nakaguma Ichirō first thought of the idea of a manga about the Imperial Family after watching the 2006 film The Queen. He noted that mangaka have not worked on this theme before, as in Japan it is generally considered taboo to speak about the imperial family in such a familiar fashion. As Japan suffered greatly during World War II, he wanted to depict the Emperor's feelings and personal situation at the time, and also felt that Japanese readers would also like to know about him.

## Publication

Shōwa Tennō Monogatari, written by Issei Eifuku and illustrated by Junichi Nōjō, based on the novel Shōwashi by Kazutoshi Handō, started in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Original on April 20, 2017. Shogakukan has collected its chapters into individual tankōbon volumes. The first volume was released on October 30, 2017. As of January 30, 2024, 14 volumes have been released.

### Volumes

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| 1 | October 30, 2017 | 978-4-09-189717-6 |
| 2 | March 30, 2018 | 978-4-09-189825-8 |
| 3 | November 30, 2018 | 978-4-09-860177-6 |
| 4 | June 28, 2019 | 978-4-09-860497-5 |
| 5 | November 29, 2019 | 978-4-09-860497-5 |
| 6 | April 27, 2020 | 978-4-09-860605-4 |
| 7 | November 30, 2020 | 978-4-09-860777-8 |
| 8 | May 28, 2021 | 978-4-09-861057-0 |
| 9 | October 29, 2021 | 978-4-09-861174-4 |
| 10 | May 30, 2022 | 978-4-09-861350-2 |
| 11 | October 28, 2022 | 978-4-09-861458-5 |
| 12 | March 30, 2023 | 978-4-09-861609-1 |
| 13 | August 30, 2023 | 978-4-09-862559-8 |
| 14 | January 30, 2024 | 978-4-09-862687-8 |

## Reception

By 2019, the series has sold over 140,000 copies. Shōwa Tennō Monogatari ranked sixth on Takarajimasha's Kono Manga ga Sugoi! 2019 ranking of Top 20 manga for male readers. The series was nominated for the 43rd Kodansha Manga Award for the Best General Manga category in 2019. The series was nominated for the 68th Shogakukan Manga Award in the general category in 2022.
# Pachycerosia lutulenta

Pachycerosia lutulenta is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Wileman and West in 1928. It is found in the Philippines.