OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# M.E. Beebe Historic District

The M.E. Beebe Historic District. in Fargo, North Dakota, is a .48 acres (0.19 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
It consists of six contributing buildings on three lots. All were built between about 1881 and 1906. One was moved and reoriented on the property. Two were moved from elsewhere to this location.
It includes an office of architect Milton Earl Beebe and four buildings designed by him, including at least one of his own residences while he lived in Fargo. Beebe lived in Fargo from about 1900 to 1911.
"The proposed historic district was the site of Beebe’s office, for about six years, as well as his place of residence for nine years. As speculative rental properties, the district’s other five contributing buildings—three of which were also designed by him—constitute Beebe’s own participation in the Boom’s economic potential. The length of his residence in North Dakota coincides almost exactly with the Boom’s duration and intensity. And his architectural output during the years 1898-1912 reflect the architectural aspirations of the period and compares favorably with contemporary work by the Hancock Brothers and W. C. Albrant (Fargo), Joseph B. DeRemer (Grand Forks) and Arthur Van Horn (Bismarck), his principal competitors."
# Flag of British Columbia

The flag of British Columbia is based upon the shield of the provincial arms of British Columbia. At the top of the flag is a rendition of the Royal Union Flag, defaced in the centre by a crown, and with a setting sun, a view from parliament across the water at the province capital, representing the location of the province of British Columbia at the western end of Canada.

## History

The flag of British Columbia is based upon the 1906 arms of the province, designed by Arthur John Beanlands, the canon of Christ Church Cathedral in Victoria. Originally, the arms featured the Union Flag on the bottom. This was changed as it conflicted with the expression "The sun never sets on the British Empire." Based upon Beanlands' revised design, the flag of British Columbia was introduced on June 14, 1960, by Premier W. A. C. Bennett, and was first flown on board the BC Ferries motor vessel Sidney (later Queen of Sidney).

## Design

The four wavy white and three wavy blue lines symbolize the province's location between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. The setting sun represents the fact that British Columbia is Canada's westernmost province. The image of the continuously rising sun refers to the provincial motto splendor sine occasu (Latin for 'splendour without diminishment"')—suggesting the idea that the sun never sets (on the British Empire). The Union Flag on top reflects the province's British heritage, while the crown in the centre represents British Columbia becoming a Crown colony and achieving responsible government. The flag has an aspect ratio of 3:5.
A stylized version of the flag that appears on British Columbia licence plates incorrectly features the setting sun overlapping the Union Flag instead of the waves.
The flag of British Columbia is similar to the flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory. It also bears similarities to the arms of Suffolk County Council, the local authority of the county of Suffolk in the United Kingdom, as well as the flag of Kiribati, which features the blue waves for the Pacific Ocean and a sun for its own reasons.

## Gallery

* Standard of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia
* Standard of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia (1906–1982)
* Standard of the lieutenant governor of British Columbia (1871–1906)
* Standard of the governor of British Columbia (1870–1871)
* Flag of Franco-Columbians
* Unofficial flag of Vancouver Island (created in 1988 based on 19th-century design principles)
# Diocese of Thizica

Thizica was a civitas in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. It served as a Roman Catholic diocese. The city's ruins are located at present-day Techga or Tchegga in northern Tunisia.

## Bishopric

The names of two early bishops of the see are known:
* Novellus (mentioned by Saint Augustine of Hippo as condemned to death by Donatists (heretics) in 313)
* Vitalia (mentioned in 646)
The modern use of the diocese as a titular see began in 1967. There have been four bishops since that time:
* Edwin Broderick (March 1967 – March 1969)
* Alfonso Nava Carreón (May 1969 – March 1990)
* Edwin Frederick O'Brien (February 1996 – March 1998)
* Louis Dicaire (February 1999 – July 2020)
* Fernando Ortega (August 2023-present)
Of these, O'Brien held the personal title of archbishop.
# Puna-Kāʻu Historic District

The Puna-Kāʻu Historic District is an archaeological district located on the Puna-Kāʻu coastline in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The district includes over 300 sites occupied by Polynesians from the 13th through 19th centuries. Eleven of the sites within the district are considered exceptionally significant to modern understanding of native Hawaiian culture and have been the focus of most archaeological research in the area. Five of these sites are villages, at Poupou-Kauka, Kailiili, Kamoamoa, Laeʻapuki, Keahou Landing; these village sites provide insight into the agricultural and social practices of the Polynesians. The Puna-Kāʻu coastal trail, another one of the significant sites, connected these villages and provided a link to communities in the mountains. The remaining sites include the Wahaulu Heiau temple, the Puuloa petroglyph site, a pulu factory, and two shelter sites used by fishermen and opihi pickers.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1, 1974. In addition, the Historic Hawaii Foundation created a list of historic places, including the Puna-Kāʻu Historic District, as a service to preserve the Hawaiian people's history and culture.
# Battle of Venni

Battle of Venni (c. 190 CE) was a military engagement fought by the early historic Chola ruler Karikala against a confederacy led by the Pandya and Chera rulers. Venni is generally identified with present day Kovil Venni east of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
A confederacy of eleven rulers, led by the Chera and Pandya, including several minor velir chieftains, were defeated at Venni.
The Chera ruler, named "Cheraman Perum Cheralathan", was wounded on the back while leading the warriors (pierced by a shaft). Not being able to bear the disgrace, he committed suicide by slow starvation ("sitting by facing the north"). It is said that some of his companions also committed suicide unwilling to part with him.
The Chera ruler generally is identified with Adu Kottu Pattu Cheralathan.
# Shelley Hardy

Shelley Hardy (born May 19, 1982 in Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador as Shelley Nichols) is a Canadian curler originally from St. John's.
Hardy played third for Jennifer Guzzwell at the 2002 and 2003 Canadian Junior Curling Championships. The team lost the 2002 final to Suzanne Gaudet of Prince Edward Island. In 2003, they lost a tie breaker to make the playoffs.
In 2005, Hardy played third for her brother, 2006 Olympic gold medallist Mark Nichols at that year's Canadian Mixed Curling Championship in which the team won.
Hardy joined up with Heather Strong for the 2005-06 season, and won provincial championships as her third in 2006 and 2007. She left the team to skip her own in 2007. In 2010, she won her first provincial championship as a skip. Her win qualified her and her team of Stephanie LeDrew, Rhonda Rogers and Colette Lemon to represent the province at the 2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. There, she led her team to a 4–7 record.
After losing the provincial final to Stacie Curtis in 2017, Hardy was selected by the Curtis rink to be their alternate at the 2017 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The team finished with a 5–6 record.
Hardy did not curl competitively again until the 2022–23 curling season, after moving to Ontario. She played in her first Ontario Scotties in 2023 playing third for Lauren Mann.

## Personal life

She is married to Jeremy Hardy and works for WestJet.
Hardy currently lives in Arnprior, Ontario.
# Tagarbala

Tagarbala was a Roman–Berber civitas of the province of Byzacena during late antiquity. It was a Roman Catholic diocese.
The town is identifiable with stone ruins at Bordj-Tamra, Tamera in modern Tunisia.
Roman Tagarbala was also the seat of an ancient Christian episcopal see. One bishop is known of this ancient diocese, Fortunatianus, who participated in the synod in Carthage in 484 called by the Vandal king Huneric, after which Fortunatianus was exiled.
Today Tagarbala survives as titular bishopric. Bishop Joseph Espaillat, is the titular bishop.
# Machaba Balu Preserve

The Machaba Balu Preserve is a nature preserve encompassing 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of protected lands in northeastern Florida, just to the northeast of Jacksonville, at the confluence of the Nassau, the St. Marys, and the St. Johns Rivers as they flow toward the Atlantic Ocean through a wide network of islands, canals, and tidal marshes. The name Machaba Balu means "saved marsh" in the language of the Timucua people, who occupied the area in pre-Columbian times and met the first European explorers of the region; the Timucua never used this name themselves, however, as it is a modern language construct. The preserve, created with land purchased in 2002 mostly from Alcoma Corporation by the Nature Conservancy, includes 77 islands and numerous individual tracts of tidal marshland between the Nassau and the St. Johns Rivers. The largest clusters lie to the west of Little Talbot Island State Park and on either side of Sisters Creek south of the large fork.
The Nature Conservancy chose to preserve these lands as a region of significant biodiversity that supports an important fish hatchery and spawning area for commercial and recreational fishing in Florida; its estuaries and tidal creeks provide habitat for manatees, dolphins, sea turtles and terrapins; numerous species of shorebirds and wading birds feed and nest there as well, some listed as threatened or as species of special concern. Hammocks of higher ground rise above the floodplain, with forests inhabited by rare species of plants and animals, including the Florida black bear and the red-cockaded woodpecker; bald eagles and ospreys are found in their stands of hardwood trees, and painted buntings in the underbrush. The entire ecosystem is vulnerable to pollution caused by surrounding coastal development.
# Robert Helsley

Robert Helsley is a business economist, formerly the Dean of the Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia (UBC), and also the university's Grosvenor Professor of Cities, Business Economics and Public Policy, and also a published author. Before his Dean position, he was Associate Dean of the UBC Centre for Real Estate and Urban Economics and Chair of Urban Land Economics, and in the United States, he was part of the University of California, Berkeley, as Professor and chair in Real Estate Development and the co-chair of the Fisher Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics.

## Early life and education

Helsley is a native of Oregon. He attended the University of Oregon for undergraduate studies. He graduated from that institution in 1979. He graduated with a B.S. in economics (Honors) and a B.S. in mathematics. Additionally, he attended Princeton University for his graduate studies and graduated in 1982 with a master's degree and in 1985 with a doctorate. He received an M.A. and Ph.D. in economics from Princeton.
# Samson's Foxes

Samson's Foxes (Hebrew: שועלי שמשון, Shu'alei Shimshon) was an Israeli commando unit of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was part of the 54th Battalion (commanded by Zvi Zur) of the Givati Brigade. The unit participated in various battles on the southern front, including Operation GYS and the Battles of the Separation Corridor.
Uri Avnery, later to become an outspoken advocate of Israeli-Palestinian Peace and a personal friend of Yasser Arafat, was a member of this unit and wrote a song called "Samson's Foxes" which was its unofficial anthem.
The modern Givati brigade named its reconnaissance companies after the 1940s unit in 1983. The companies were consolidated into a reconnaissance battalion of the same name in 2001, once again subordinate to the Givati Brigade. Most of its work is confidential, though it is known to operate under the IDF's Gaza territorial command.
The unit's name is derived from the Bible. In Judges 15:4 the Judge Samson is described as having attached torches to the tails of three hundred foxes, leaving the panicked beasts to run through the fields of the Philistines, burning all in their wake.
The fox logo of the Israeli Army's Southern Command is derived from the same story.
# Athos de Oliveira

Athos Procópio de Oliveira Filho (born 3 January 1943) is a former international freestyle and backstroke swimmer from Brazil.
At the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, he finished 7th in the 100 metre backstroke. He also swam the 4 × 100-metre medley.
At the 1960 Summer Olympics, in Rome, he swam the 100-metre backstroke and the 4×100-metre medley, not reaching the finals.
At the 1963 Pan American Games, in São Paulo, he won two bronze medals in the 100-metre backstroke, and in the 4×200-metre freestyle.
At the 1964 Summer Olympics, in Tokyo, he swam the 100-metre freestyle and the 4×100-metre medley, not reaching the finals.
Among other achievements, he was part of the Brazilian team champion of the 4×100-metre freestyle relay in the 1964 South American Absolute Championship, in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Team composed of Alvaro Pires, Athos Procópio de Oliveira, Paulo Salles Cunha, and Antonio Celso Guimarães.
# Cult (book)

Cult: Leadership & Business Strategy: Ruthlessly Redefined is a management book written by "management guru" Arindam Chaudhuri and strategy professor A. Sandeep. The book was launched by Guy Kawasaki, former Chief Evangelist at Apple Inc. and current member, Board of Trustees at the Wikimedia Foundation, in December 2011 at an event in London attended by political and business leaders, and reached the top 10 business bestsellers list in India.
The book deals with lessons for CEOs in running transnational corporations. The book is divided into two parts. The first part addresses leadership issues that CEOs face while running global corporations. The second part addresses business strategy issues that CEOs of very large corporations have to face.
Guy Kawasaki commented on the book, "I have read the book and Steve Jobs would love this book, he truly would. This book is in the same quality of Malcolm Gladwell, Geoffrey Moore & Clayton Christensen." Marshall Goldsmith said Cult provides "a view on vision you won’t find anywhere."
# Tazewell, Georgia

Tazewell is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.
The 2020 census, listed a population of 93.

## History

A post office called Tazewell was established in 1837, and remained in operation until 1985. The community was named after Henry Tazewell, a United States senator from Virginia, state legislator and judge. Tazewell was named the county seat of Marion County in 1838. The Old Marion County Courthouse still stands at Tazewell and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1980.
A variant spelling was "Tazwell" (without the E). The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the place as the "Town of Tazwell" in 1854. Tazewell today is an unincorporated area.

## Geography

Tazewell is in eastern Marion County, in the valley of Shoal Creek. State Routes 137 and 24 cross in the center of town. SR 137 leads southwest 6 miles (10 km) to Buena Vista, the county seat, and northeast 18 miles (29 km) to Butler, while SR 240 leads east 26 miles (42 km) to Oglethorpe and north 18 miles (29 km) to Geneva.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Tazewell CDP has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km$^2$), of which 0.01 square miles (6.4 acres), or 0.50%, are water. Shoal Creek and Gin Creek join at the southern edge of the community to form Buck Creek, which flows east to the Flint River at Oglethorpe.

## Demographics

Tazewell was first listed as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.
Tazewell CDP, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 87 | 93.55% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 1 | 1.08% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5 | 5.38% |
| Total | 93 | 100.00% |
# The Airs of Palestine

The Airs of Palestine is a poem by John Pierpont (1785–1866), first published in 1816 (Baltimore: B. Edes; various reprints). It is probably the most famous of his poems, and provided the title for his book Airs of Palestine and Other Poems (Boston: Munroe, 1840).
The poem was a huge success; sale of its copyright funded Pierpont's Harvard Divinity School education and inspired his closest friend and former business partner John Neal to experiment with writing as a means of funding his law education in Baltimore. He nevertheless gave it a bad review in his 1824–25 critical work, American Writers, saying: "It is tame, badly arranged, incomplete, and worse than all, afflicted with plagiarism, imitation, and alliteration." Neal and Pierpont ceased corresponding for a year afterward.
# King Seondeok of Silla

Seondeok (?–785), personal name Kim Yang-sang, was the 37th ruler of Silla and the 8th ruler of Unified Silla. Prior to that, he served as a Sangdaedeung to King Hyegong of Silla.

## Family

* Grandfather: Seongdeok Daewang (reigned 702–737)
* Grandmother: Queen Seongjeong (성정왕후 김씨), of the Kim clan, the daughter of Kim Wŏn-t'ae (김원태)
* Father: Kim Hyo-bang (김효방)
* Mother: Queen Saso (사소부인), daughter of Seongdeok of Silla
* Wife:
** Queen Gujok, of the Kim clan (구족왕후 김씨)

## Biography

His birth name was Kim Yang-sang. He was an eleventh-generation descendant of King Naemul, and the Daughter of haechan Kim Hyo-bang by King Seongdeok's daughter Lady Saso. He married Lady Gujok, the daughter of gakgan Kim Yang-pum. Seondeok served under King Hyegong in the position of sangdaedeung.
In 780, ichan Kim ji-Jeong, led a rebellion against King Hyegong. The King ordered the then Sangdaedeung Kim Yang-Sang(later, King Seondeok) to fight off the rebels. However, the rebel forces succeeded in storming the palace and killed King Hyegong and his Queen. Kim Yang-san was then proclaimed as Silla's new ruler. Some historians believed that King Seondeok may have killed King Hyegong himself, since he was the one who benefited the most from his death.
After his death in 785, Seondeok was cremated and his ashes scattered on the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Seondeok's successor was King Wonseong.
# Diocese of Antigonia

The Diocese of Antigonea is a suppressed, titular see of the Early Christian Church. The ancient city of Antigonea in Syria was the seat of the bishopric of the diocese, where the following bishops are known to have sat.

## Bishops

* Joseph Heinrich von Braitenbücher (12 April 1728 – 24 February 1749)
* Georg Franz Lock (22 May 1801 – 7 September 1831)
* Tomás Miguel Pineda y Saldaña (3 July 1848 – 10 March 1853)
* David Moriarty (8 March 1854 – 22 July 1856; succeeded, Bishop of Kerry)
* James Frederick Wood (9 January 1857 – 5 January 1860; succeeded, Bishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* Thomas Grimley (18 December 1860 – 29 January 1871)
* Jean-Claude Duret, C.S.Sp. (26 August 1873 – 29 December 1875)
* Marchie-Jean-Gustave Blanc, (17 April 1877 – 21 February 1890)
* Giulio Marchsili (12 August 1890 – 28 July 1911)
* Theodorus Antonius Leonardus Marchia van Roosmalen, (23 August 1911 – 9 June 1957)
# Kalber

Kalber (Persian: کالبر) is a village in Negur Rural District of the Central District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,085 in 197 households, when it was in the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,369 people in 250 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,280 people in 270 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2018, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Dashtiari County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Central District.
# Franklin W. Cristman

Franklin Webster Cristman (January 11, 1869 in Columbia, Herkimer County, New York – August 3, 1942 in Herkimer, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of James Cristman (1844–1917) and Catherine (Steele) Cristman (1847–1900). He attended Pulaski Academy, and graduated LL.B. from Albany Law School in 1892. He was admitted to the bar in 1894, and practiced in Herkimer. In 1898, he fought as a corporal in the Spanish–American War. On September 23, 1903, he married Camilla Quackenbush MD (1876–1925), and their son was Marx Quackenbush Cristman (1909–2005).
Cristman was a Republican member of the New York State Assembly (Herkimer Co.) in 1914. He was a member of the New York State Senate (32nd D.) in 1915 and 1916; and was Chairman of the Committee on Privileges and Elections.
At the New York state election, 1926, he ran as an "Independent Republican" for U.S. Senator from New York. Cristman was a "dry" Republican, and was supported, and fervently campaigned for, by the Prohibition Party, although he didn't appear on the ballot under the Prohibition line. He polled about 232,000 votes, and thus spoiled the re-election of the "wet" Republican incumbent James W. Wadsworth, Jr. who had openly and forcefully opposed Prohibition. Wadsworth was defeated by Democrat Robert F. Wagner with a plurality of about 116,000 votes.
Cristman died on August 3, 1942, in Herkimer, New York; and was buried at the Oak Hill Cemetery there.

## Sources

* STATE DRY GROUPS PICK F. W. CRISTMAN AS WADSWORTH FOE in NYT on June 8, 1926 (subscription required)
* CITY ELECTS WAGNER in NYT on November 3, 1926 (subscription required)
* Cristman genealogy transcribed from Genealogical and Family History of Northern New York (Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1910) [traces the ancestors of Camilla (Quackenbush) Cristman back to King Edward III of England]