OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# People's Socialist Party (Nepal, 2024)

The People's Socialist Party (abbr. PSP; Nepali: जनता समाजवादी पार्टी), also known as Janata Samajbadi Party is the seventh-largest political party in Nepal. The party was formed after split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal led by party federal council chairman Ashok Rai, supported by majority federal MPs from the PSP-N.
With 7 out of 275 seats in the lower house House of Representative, the party is the sixth largest political party in the Federal Parliament.

## Ideology

The party advocates for identity based federalism and a more inclusive parliament. They also support a more decentralized government structure which guarantees more power to provincial and local governments. The party intends to implement the agreements of various movements.

## History
### Formation

The party was formed after a split in the mother party, People's Socialist Party, Nepal led by Upendra Yadav when a group of MPs, MLAs and central leaders alleged the party chair to be authoritarian and going against the interest of the ruling coalition government of Nepal.
The group filed an application for a party split with the Election Commission on 5 May 2023 which included MPs Ashok Rai, Nawal Kishor Sah, Hasina Khan, Ranju Kumari Jha, Pradeep Yadav, Birendra Prasad Mahato and Sushila Shrestha. The party received its recognition from the Election Commission on 6 May 2024.

## Members of parliament

People's Socialist Party (7) :
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities / Remarks |
| Sunsari 1 | Ashok Rai | Parliamentary party leader |
| Saptari 1 | Nawal Kishore Sah Sudi | Minister for Women, Children and Senior Citizen |
| Parsa 1 | Pradeep Yadav | Minister for Water Supply |
| Siraha 4 | Birendra Prasad Mahato | |
| Indigenous peoples | Sushila Shrestha | |
| Madheshi | Ranju Kumari Jha | |
| Muslim | Hasina Khan | |

## List of cabinet ministers

| No. | Name | Term of office | Term of office | Days in office | Ministerial incharge |
| Central government |||||||
| 1 | Nawal Kishor Sah | 10 March 2024 | 12 July 2024 | 124 days | Minister for Forest and Environment |
| 1 | Nawal Kishor Sah | 15 July 2024 | Incumbent | 178 days | Minister for Women, Children and Senior Citizen |
| 2 | Pradeep Yadav | 13 May 2024 | 12 July 2024 | 60 days | Minister for Health and Population |
| 2 | Pradeep Yadav | 15 July 2024 | Incumbent | 178 days | Minister for Water Supply |
| Lumbini government |||||||
| 1 | Bhandari Lal Ahir | 5 April 2024 | 12 July 2024 | 98 days | Minister for Agriculture and Land Management |

## Leadership

| SN | Portfolio | Name |
| 1 | Chairman | Ashok Rai |
| 2 | Chairman (Federal Council) | Rajendra Prasad Shrestha |
| 3 | Joint chairman | Renu Kumari Yadav |
| 4 | Deputy chairman | Nawal Kishor Sah |
| 4 | Deputy chairman | Ranadhwaj Limbu |
| 4 | Deputy chairman | Parshuram Basnet |
| 4 | Deputy chairman | Sushila Shrestha |
| 5 | General Secretary | Mohammad Ishtiyaq Rayi |
| 6 | Deputy general secretary | Pradeep Yadav |
| 7 | Secretary | Ranju Kumari Jha |
| 8 | Treasurer | Birendra Prasad Mahato |
# Battle of Jijiga

The Battle of Jijiga was a series of battles that was part of the Ogaden War. The battles were fought in Jijiga, Ethiopia and was one the largest battles of the conflict.

## History
### First Battle of Jijiga (September 1977)

In mid-September 1977, during the Somali invasion of the Ethiopian Somali region, Somalia National Army forces attacked the Ethiopian held garrison in Jijiga. By September more than 90% of Somali Region was in SNA control and on September 12 the Somalia forces captured Jijiga, a strategic success. Jijiga overlooked the nearby Marda Pass where Ethiopian troops were entrenched, halting any further Somali advance deeper.
Local defenders at Jijiga garrison consisted of roughly 25,000 Ethiopian infantrymen. The SNA attack on Jijiga came the same day Dire Dawa came under siege.
The Ethiopian army had begun to receive Soviet aid by the time of the battle, however morale was low and when a British journalist visited the battlefield afterwards, he claimed that large quantities of weapons had been abandoned by fleeing Ethiopian forces.
124 Somali tanks, mostly T-55s, defeated 108 Ethiopian tanks, mainly M47 Pattons and M41 Walker Bulldogs. The Ethiopians lost 43 tanks during the battle, including 11 T-34/85 and 32 US made tanks as well as 28 Armoured personnel carriers.
Parts of the battle, including the massacre of both Jijiga's Somali population by the Ethiopian Army and the Somali army's shelling and sniping of refugees attempting to flee the city, are described by Nega Mezlekia in his autobiographical book, Notes from the Hyena's Belly.

### Second Battle of Jijiga (March 1978)

After the Somali advance on Harar had been turned back at the Battle of Harar, the Ethiopian forces launched a counter-attack against the Somali Army (starting on January 22, 1978) with the help of Cuban forces. The Ethiopian forces outflanked the Somali forces and inflicted major losses on them. On March 5, 1978 the Ethiopians recaptured Jijiga and on March 9, 1978, Somalia's President, Siad Barre announced that all Somali forces would leave the Somali Region of Ethiopia, ending the war.
# Laddville, California

37°41′5.79″N 121°45′45.17″W﻿ / ﻿37.6849417°N 121.7625472°W﻿ / 37.6849417; -121.7625472 Laddville (or "Laddsville") is a former settlement in the western Livermore Valley of Alameda County, California.
It was located east of the settlement which eventually became Livermore.

## History

Alphonso Ladd settled in the Sunol Valley in 1850. After preempting some land he established a hotel in 1855, and the community that grew up surrounding the hotel became Laddville. A saloon was opened, and then in 1865 a store followed. Both a private school and, subsequently, a public school were opened in 1866. In 1868, a general store, restaurant, and livery stable were established. After 1868, Laddsville grew quickly.
Ladd's original hotel had burned down in 1867. When the railroad was built through the Livermore Valley in August 1869, the station was placed west of Laddville near the nascent Livermore. Laddsville was almost entirely destroyed by a fire in 1871, and the businesses within were merged into Livermore, whose city limits later grew to include its former location.
# Bishop Stang High School

Bishop Stang High School is a private Catholic high school located in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, in the New England region of the United States. It was the first diocesan secondary school in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fall River, which includes the South Coast Massachusetts, including Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. The school is named after William Stang, the first bishop of the Diocese of Fall River, and has been coeducational since its founding.

## Location

It is located in the suburban town of Dartmouth, on the South Coast of Massachusetts. Stang's 8-acre (32,000 m$^2$) campus is 25 minutes west of Cape Cod and 20 minutes east of the Rhode Island border. Its 500-plus student body draws from more than 50 cities and towns in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Catholic secondary education in southeastern Massachusetts began in the early 20th century with local parochial schools affiliated with various Catholic parishes. Some of these, such as the now-closed Holy Family High School, located near St. Lawrence Church in New Bedford, had strong academic reputations and produced generations of prominent Catholic alumni in the region. While Stang was not the first Catholic secondary school in southeastern Massachusetts, it was the first regional, diocesan, coeducational institution. Founded in 1959, Stang's original faculty included Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur in full religious habit. The new 8-acre (32,000 m$^2$) campus across from the Country Club of New Bedford in then-pastoral Dartmouth drew students from cities and towns in a 60-mile (97 km) radius from Rhode Island to Cape Cod. In the years following the Second Vatican Council, the number of Sisters of Notre Dame decreased. By the 1970s the vast majority of faculty and administrators were lay men and women, and the remaining sisters dressed conservatively, but in lay clothing. Since its inception, Stang has had a large number of alumni return as teachers and administrators.

## Academics

Advanced placement courses at Bishop Stang are offered in Biology, Chemistry, Physics 1 and 2, Calculus A/B, Calculus B/C, Statistics, Computer Science, English Language & Composition, English Literature, Psychology, United States History, Studio Art, and European History.

## Athletics and activities

Bishop Stang offers over 47 varsity, junior varsity, and freshman interscholastic sports teams including 27 varsity athletic teams and 19 sub-varsity teams. The school offers more than 25 co-curricular activities. Bishop Stang's athletic teams have historically been successful in both men's and women's sports.
# Philip Sharp (politician)

Philip Riley Sharp (born July 15, 1942) is an American politician and nonprofit executive who served ten terms in the United States House of Representatives as a Democratic representative from Indiana from 1975 to 1995.
In 1988 and 1990, Sharp defeated future U.S. Vice President Mike Pence.

## Early life and education

Sharp was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1942. He grew up in Elwood, Indiana. After graduating as a valedictorian from Wendell Willkie High School in 1960, he attended DePauw University in 1961. He then transferred and graduated cum laude from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in 1964.
In 1966, he enrolled in graduate courses at Exeter College, Oxford University in 1966 before returning to Georgetown University to earn his Ph.D. in 1974. Between 1967 and in 1974, he taught political science as an assistant professor, and later associate professor, at Ball State University.

## Career

Between 1964 and 1969, he served as a Legislative Aide to Democratic senator Vance Hartke. His first attempts at elected office came in 1970 and 1972, when he was the Democratic candidate for Indiana's 10th congressional district.
In 1974, Sharp was elected to the House of Representatives as part of the "Watergate Babies" cohort, 47 new Democrats elected in the aftermath of the scandals that drove President Richard Nixon from office.
During his years in Congress, Sharp participated in the passage of major energy legislation. As chairman of the Energy and Power Subcommittee, he played key roles in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and the 1992 Energy Policy Act. He was a member of the National Research Council Committee on Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards, which issued its major report in 2001. He also chaired the Secretary of Energy's Electric Systems Reliability Task Force, which issued its major report in 1998.
Sharp chose not to seek re-election in the 1994 elections, and was succeeded by Republican David M. McIntosh.

## Later years

Sharp went on to serve as director of the Institute of Politics at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. In 2005, he became president of the nonpartisan think tank Resources for the Future in Washington, D.C.
Sharp serves on the board of directors of the Duke Energy Corporation, as vice chair on the board of the Energy Foundation, and as chair of board of ecoAmerica. He is the congressional chair for the National Commission on Energy Policy, is a member of The National Academies’ Committee on America's Climate Choices and the Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future. Before joining RFF, Sharp was senior policy advisor of the Washington, D.C.–based law and public policy firm Van Ness Feldman.

## Honors

Sharp received honorary degrees from DePauw University in 1986 and Ball State University in 1997. For his work on energy issues while in Congress, Sharp became in 2016 the second recipient of the James R. Schlesinger Medal for Energy Security, an honor given by the U.S. Department of Energy.
# Roja, Latvia

Roja (Livonian: Rūoj) is a large village in Talsi Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. It is the center of Roja Parish and was the center of Roja Municipality 2009 to 2021. The Roja Port is located in the village at the mouth of the Roja River.
Since 2011, Roja hosts the RojaL Summer Film Festival, where films are also shown on the local beach. Music and art are also being showcased during the event.
# Doravirine

Doravirine, sold under the brand name Pifeltro, is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication developed by Merck & Co. for use in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Doravirine was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2018.
Doravirine is available in fixed-dose combinations with other HIV drugs such as doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir (sold under the brand name Delstrigo).
# Qatar National Theater

Qatar National Theater is located on the Doha Corniche, near Al Bidda Park in Doha, Qatar. The 490-seat theatre opened in 1986 and hosts concerts and plays. In addition to hosting local troupes, it also hosts international and Arab theatrical troupes on occasion.
It is owned by the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage. At its inception in 1982, it featured computerized lighting systems, translation facilities and an orchestra pit.
Since 2022, Qatar National Theater General Manager of Theater Affairs Center is Abdul Rahim Al-Siddiqi.
In 2023, performances on the stage at Qatar National Theater were suspended due to renovation work.

## Events hosted

The theatre hosted the 2013 edition of the Arab Theatre Festival after Qatar won the hosting rights for the first time in the event's history.
In 2015, Qatar Tourism Authority organized the Eid Al Adha Festival, as part of which The Wrestler, an Arabic play with actors Nasser Mohammad and Najwa Al Kubeisi was staged at the Qatar National Theater.
In 2022 The “Rock on Top of Another Rock” sculpture created by Peter Fischli and David Weiss was placed on display at the Qatar National Theater, as part of the Qatar Museums public art programme.

## Plays hosted

In December 2005, the Doha Players used the Qatar National Theaters stage to run their production of Cinderella.
The Doha Players production of “Chitty Chitty Bang Bang” opened in May 2016 at the Qatar National Theater.
In July 2017, the Qatar National Theater had two showings daily of the production "Ali Baba & 40 Thieves".
In 2020, the Center for Theater Affairs held the acting and directing workshops closing ceremony at the Qatar National Theater. The workshop was held in preparation for the Universities Theater Festival held on 20 March 2020.
# Mosapride

Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT$_4$ agonist. The major active metabolite of mosapride, known as M1, additionally acts as a 5HT$_3$ antagonist, which accelerates emptying throughout the whole of the gastrointestinal tract in humans, and is used for the treatment of gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. It is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. at least one hour before food or two hours after food).
In addition to its prokinetic properties, mosapride also exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the gastrointestinal tract which may contribute to some of its therapeutic effects. Mosapride also promotes neurogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract which may prove useful in certain bowel disorders. The neurogenesis is due to mosapride's effect on the 5-HT$_4$ receptor where it acts as an agonist.
Its common side effects include dry mouth, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, insomnia, malaise, nausea, diarrhea and sometimes constipation. Unlike some other prokinetic agents, mosapride has little effect on potassium channels, no effect on hERG transfected cells, and no effect on cardiovascular function that could be detected in tests on humans. Due to the pharmacokinetics of mosapride, it would take 1,000–3,000 times the therapeutic dose to elicit cardiovascular effects.
# Laurelia, Texas

Laurelia is a ghost town in central Polk County, Texas, United States. The town was founded after Judge Claiborne Holshausen built a sawmill in 1880. The location grew into a town and was named for the laurel that dominated the area. The mill remained the nucleus of the town, and after the sawmill burned in 1913, the town dwindled.
# Donald Tapia

Donald Ray Tapia (born January 12, 1938) is an American businessman who served as the United States Ambassador to Jamaica from 2019 until 2021.

## Early life

Tapia was born on January 12, 1938, in Detroit, Michigan. He was raised in poverty primarily by his mother after his father left the family. After graduating from high school, Tapia joined the United States Air Forces and served from 1955 to 1959.

## Career
### Political Campaign

Tapia ran as an Independent for Mohave County Supervisor in 1980, while a resident of Lake Havasu City, Arizona. He lost in the General Election to incumbent Republican Supervisor Jerry Holt by a wide margin.

### Business Career & Philanthropy

Tapia served as Chairman and CEO of the Essco Group Management, an electrical production company, for over 30 years. Tapia also served on the Board of Directors for the Sun Angel Foundation and Endowment at Arizona State University, the Tau Kappa Epsilon Educational Foundation the Board of Indianapolis, and as Chairman of Board and Trustee at Saint Leo University.

### U.S. Ambassador to Jamaica

U.S. President Donald Trump nominated Tapia to serve as United States Ambassador to Jamaica, succeeding Luis Moreno.
# Jeanine Calkin

Jeanine Calkin is an American politician from the state of Rhode Island. A member of the Democratic Party, she is a former Rhode Island State Senator. Calkin serves as co-chair of the Rhode Island Political Cooperative, a progressive organization.

## Early life and education

Calkin is from Johnston, Rhode Island. She graduated from Johnston Senior High School in 1987. Calkin first attended the University of Rhode Island before transferring to Johnson & Wales University, where she earned her Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science. Calkin went on to receive a Master's Degree in Information Services from Bryant University.
During her career, she worked in the billing departments for Rhode Island Hospital and Roger Williams Medical Center, the IT department of Johnson & Wales, as a programmer for GTECH Corporation, and a project manager for Analog Devices.

## Political career

Calkin and her husband formed their own company before she decided to start Rhode Island for Bernie Sanders in the 2016 United States Presidential Election. Calkin later organized on behalf of Sanders during his 2020 Presidential Campaign.
Calkin ran for the Rhode Island Senate in 2016, defeating William Walaska. She lost renomination for her seat to Mark McKenney in 2018. She ran against McKenney again in 2020, and won. She was subsequently defeated in the 2022 primary by McKenney once again.

## Personal life

Calkin and her husband, Daniel, have lived in Warwick, Rhode Island, since 2012. Her right leg was amputated in April 2021 after a life-threatening infection due to blood clots.
# Last Call (1991 film)

Last Call is a 1991 American erotic thriller film about a woman who decides to take revenge on an estate agent who killed her mother. The film was directed by Jag Mundhra, and stars William Katt, Shannon Tweed, and Joseph Campanella.

## Cast

* Shannon Tweed as Cindy / Audrey
* William Katt as Paul Avery

## Reception

William Thomas of Empire rated the film 1/5 stars and wrote, "The sleeve says Last Call is steamier than Wild Orchid and more revealing than Two Moon Junction. Unfortunately, with what passes as humping completely incidental to the plot, all it does is make both of those turkeys look almost interesting".

## Home media

The film was initially released on VHS and LaserDisc in R-rated and unrated versions. The unrated version featured extended sex scenes between Tweed and Katt, and was released in Europe and Australia as the only cut of the film. It did not see DVD release until 2019, when MVD released the R-rated cut as a double pack with Bitter Harvest.
# Menesia sulphurata

Menesia sulphurata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1825, originally under the genus Saperda. It is known from Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Japan, China, and Russia.

## Varietas

* Menesia sulphurata var. gifuensis Breuning, 1954
* Menesia sulphurata var. bipustulata Plavilstshikov, 1927
* Menesia sulphurata var. flavotecta Heyden, 1886
* Menesia sulphurata var. semivittata Pic, 1915
* Menesia sulphurata var. nigrocincta Pic, 1915
# Takka Takka (Lichtenstein)

Takka Takka is a 1962 pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein in his comic book style of using Ben-Day dots and a story panel. This work is held in the collection of the Museum Ludwig. The title comes from the onomatopoeic graphics that depict the sound that comes from a machine gun.

## Background

Lichtenstein was a trained United States Army pilot, draftsman and artist as well as a World War II (WWII) veteran who never saw active combat. The work depicts a machine gun firing as it is situated above the camouflage of palm fronds during the Battle of Guadalcanal. The image shows shell casings and a grenade in mid flight. An explosion is stylized with the titular phrase. The source of Takka Takka is the comic book Battlefield Action #40 (February 1962, Charlton Comics Group).
Lichtenstein's reinterpretation of the original comic image eliminates the horizon line and other indications of depth of field. He further eliminates the human element by removing a hand, a helmet and the Japanese rising sun emblem.
When the characters in some of his works, e.g. Takka Takka, Whaam! and Okay Hot-Shot, Okay!, were criticised for being militaristic, Lichtenstein responded: "the heroes depicted in comic books are fascist types, but I don't take them seriously in these paintings—maybe there is a point in not taking them seriously, a political point. I use them for purely formal reasons."

## Critical response

The Washingtonian critic Sophie Gilbert, regards Takka Takka (along with Bratatat!) as exemplary of Lichtenstein's "aggressive, hyper-masculine war paintings" due to the depiction of the guns creating sound effects and the use of onomatopoeic words during military conflict.
Takka Takka, with its disruption of the primary narrative clause by text focused on absent details about the past or omitted present, is described as "the most unlikely conjunction of picture and story". The work is regarded as one in which Lichtenstein exaggerated comic book sound effects in common pop art style.
In the view of critic Steven Weisenburger, Lichtenstein's reimagining creates a tension between the narrative and graphical content because the "exhausted soldiers" are absent. Takka Takka is a subversion of the interpretive conventions of "pop" culture, "but more important, it interrogates a shared idea about war, that war's sublime violence heroizes." Implicitly comparing Takka Takka to Picasso's Guernica, art historian Klaus Honnef states that the work's use of the "cartoon idiom in combination with elements of written language" demonstrates that art does not have to present the horrors of war graphically in order to be forceful.