OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muay Chaiya

Muay Chaiya is a style of traditional Thai boxing, founded about over 200 years ago. The founder was believed to be an army leader of the Rattanakosin Kingdom in the age of King Rama V. He taught Muay Chaiya to the governor, his son, and to regular townspeople. The word “Muay” refers to boxing and “Chaiya” refers to the name of the city. The people who made Muay Chaiya famous are Kham Sriyapai, Plong Jumnonthong, and Nil Paksi. Plong Jumnongthong popularized Muay Chaiya by showing Muay Chaiya techniques and winning a fight with the boxer from Korat (Nakornratchasrima) in front of King Rama V. Then, King Rama V awarded him the title of “muen muay mee cheu” (หมื่นมวยมีชื่อ).
The unique feature that stands out for Muay Chaiya is the incorporation of low stance, an erected 45-degree triangle guard, and dynamic footwork. Further, Muay Chaiya fighters also train to shift from one position to the other utilizing it's agile footwork to close in or create gap between opponent thus earning the nickname "Tha Dee Chaiya" (Graceful Movement, Chaiya).
Muay Chaiya has both of offensive and defensive techniques. Offensive techniques are throwing, pinning, grappling, and breaking. Defensive techniques are dodging, pushing, and blocking. Muay Chaiya also has a specific footwork called Yang Sam Khum. The word “Yang” refers to walk, while the word “Sam” refers to three, and the word “Khum” refers to a point. Yang Sam Khum uses three steps to change the position of the front and back legs. The key advantage of Yang Sam Khum is its speed and precision.

## Renowned Muay Chaiya teachers in the modern era

* Lamp Sakkapoom (Khru Lamp)
# Tokoro District, Hokkaido

Tokoro (常呂郡, Tokoro-gun) is a district located in Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
As of 2005, the district has an estimated population of 16,291 and a population density of 15 persons per km$^2$. The total area is 1,123.42 km$^2$.

## Towns and villages

* Kunneppu
* Oketo
* Saroma
vte Hokkaido :
Sapporo (capital) :
List of mergers in Hokkaido :
44°01′48″N 143°49′48″E﻿ / ﻿44.03000°N 143.83000°E﻿ / 44.03000; 143.83000
* This Hokkaidō location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Capture of Üskup

The Capture of Üskup marked a significant event during the Albanian revolt of 1912. Led by Idriz Seferi, Albanian rebels successfully seized Üskup from the Ottoman Authorities, which served as the capital of the Kosovo Vilayet at the time. This capture prompted the Young Turk government in Constantinople to accept the Albanian demands, chief among them being the establishment of an Autonomous Albanian vilayet. The event also played a vital role in the creation of the Albanian state.

## Capture

In July 1912, Albanian rebels gathered their forces in Kosovo after successfully capturing major cities in the region, including Prishtina, Ferizaj, and Gjakova, which were previously under control of the Ottoman Empire. As early August approached, Albanian troops embarked on a southern march towards the provincial capital, Üsküb (Skopje). On August 11, a group of approximately 200 Albanian rebels from Gjakova, led by Zef Kol Ndoka and Bajram Daklani entered Skopje. Their actions included raising the Albanian flag within the city. However, they were ultimately forced to retreat after fighting with the Ottoman troops in the city. On August 13, another contingent of Albanian soldiers from Karadak, led by Idriz Seferi and Isa Boletini, entered the city with a force of five hundred fighters. They confronted the 4,000 Ottoman soldiers stationed there and demanded the immediate surrender of Üsküb to the Albanian rebels. Following fighting on August 14, the Ottoman garrison surrendered, while more Albanian troops reached the city from the areas of Karadak, Prishtina and Dibër. On August 15, Bajram Curri marched into the liberated city, accompanied by over 30,000 rebels. As they entered Üsküp, the Albanians encountered no resistance from the city's inhabitants. After capturing Üsküp, the Albanian rebels from Karadak, under Idriz Seferi marched towards Kumanova and Preševo, liberating both of them. Meanwhile, a smaller unit marched towards Tetovo, also capturing it for the Albanian rebels.
# Cindy Mejía

Cindy Mejía Santa María (born August 30, 1987, in Lima) is a Peruvian model and beauty pageant titleholder, who won Miss Perú 2013 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2013 pageant.

## Personal life

Cindy was born in Lima and works as a model.

## Pageantry
### Miss Perú 2011

Mejia competed in Miss Peru 2011, earning fifth place. For this position she competed in Reina Hispanoamericana 2011, developed in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. There, she became a model of TV show Bienvenida la tarde, hosted by Laura Huarcayo in Frecuencia Latina.

### Miss Perú 2012

In June 2012 she competed in Miss Perú, where she earned the title Miss Perú Universo 2013.

### Miss Universe 2013

Cindy represented Peru at the 62nd annual Miss Universe pageant held on November 9, 2013 in Moscow, Russia. Although considered a favorite, she failed to place in the semifinals.
# Mani Shankar

Mani Shankar is an Indian film director known for his works in Hindi cinema. He directed works such as 16 December, one of the highest-grossing films of 2002, and Tango Charlie, which was screened in several International Film Festivals and was named a permanent part of the UN's "anti-war" movies. Over his long career, Mani Shankar has worked on many films, advertisements and political campaigns.

## Early life

Mani Shankar graduated as a Chemical Engineer from BITS Pilani in 1978. He worked for a few years as a research engineer in process engineering and drug delivery. During his time at BITS Pilani, he won a record 4 consecutive Holofest 'Best Hologram of The Year', earning the nickname "Young Mani".

## Filmography

* Manishi (1991)
* 16 December (2002)
* Rudraksh (2004)
* Tango Charlie (2005)
* Mukhbiir (2008)
* Knock Out (2010)
* Hey Kameeni (2023)

## Music Videos

* Apna Desh - Meri jaan Hindustan (1995)

## Holography

Shankar introduced holograms to India. He spearheaded the first holographic campaign for Narendra Modi (the current PM of India) during the 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.
He has since conducted election campaigns for various parties, including the Telangana Rashtra Samithi during the 2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, who eventually won the race, as well as the Nationalist Congress Party during the 2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election, which stemmed the decline of the party.

## Augmented Reality

In February 2017, Mani Shankar launched the first live augmented reality political campaign in the world for Shri Devendra Fadnavis, Chief Minister of Maharashtra State, India. For the first time, such a campaign enabled an electoral candidate to virtually enter people's homes and softly pitch for votes.
The campaign was declared a success. The effectivity of augmented reality as a political campaign tool was established.
A series of augmented reality projects thus followed, in various fields ranging from film publicity, sports, spirituality and corporate launches. Allah Rakha Rahman announced on his official Facebook page that he got his augmented reality channels done by Mani Shankar and Kaali Sudheer.
# Vanilla UAV

The Vanilla UAV is a long-endurance, low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) produced by American manufacturer Vanilla Unmanned. It has flown unrefueled over 8 days.

## Development

Vanilla Unmanned was founded by aerostructures designer Daniel Hatfield, systems engineer Neil Boertlein, and program manager Jeremy Novara. This team designed, built, and flew the VA001 prototype. In October 2020, Vanilla Unmanned was acquired by Platform Aerospace, a provider of aircraft prototyping, modification, and systems integration.
In December 2016, a VA001 set an Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) world record endurance of 2 days, 7 hours, 56 minutes in Las Cruses New Mexico. In October 2017, a VA001 completed a flight of 5-days, 1-hour, 20-minutes at NASA Wallops in Virginia, covering 7,000 miles (11,265 km) and landing with three days of fuel remaining.
On 2 October 2021, a Vanilla UAV completed an 8 day, 50 minute flight from Edwards AFB in California, flying 10,600 nmi (19,600 km) in circuits, an internal combustion engine-powered UAV record ratified by the FAI. Only the Rutan Voyager has flown longer unrefueled (see flight endurance records).
In November 2021, NASA flew the Vanilla UAV in the Arctic from Deadhorse Airport, Alaska, testing instruments to survey the region, monitoring sea level change, as it could fly for nearly five days over sea ice, Greenland, and Antarctica ice sheets. It carried a radar to measure the depth of snow on top of the sea ice, and ice-detecting sensors, heating systems, and a special anti-icing coating to manage flight in the cold temperatures.

## Design

The initial VA001 was powered by a off-the-shelf engine driving a pusher propeller, and was controlled by a Piccolo autopilot.
Weighing up to 600 lb (272 kg), it has a 36 ft (11 m) wing span and a 55-gallon (208-litre) fuel capacity.
It has a projected endurance of up to 10 days at 55 kn (102 km/h) and up to 15,000 ft (4,600 m), and burning 1 lb (450 g) of jet fuel per hour.
The VA001 was launched using a sled and pulled by a towline attached to a pickup truck. It lands at 40 kn (74 km/h) on a single center wheel.
VA001 could carry a 30-pound (14 kg) payload for 10 days. Mission payload options include: electro-optical and synthetic aperture radar sensors for surveillance including maritime surveillance, or acting as a radio relay. Platform Aerospace increased Vanilla's takeoff weight by 75 pounds (34 kg). It can now carry maximum of 150 pounds (68 kg) of payload, or fly over 13,000 nautical miles (24,000 km; 15,000 mi) with a 30-pound (14 kg) payload.

## Specifications (VA001 / Vanilla UAV)

Data from Flight 2018
General characteristics
* Capacity: 30 lb (13.6 kg), up to 150 lb (68 kg)
* Wingspan: 36 ft (11 m)
* Wing area: 40 sq ft (3.7 m$^2$)
* Gross weight: 600 lb (272 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 55-gallon (208-litre)
* Powerplant: 1 × internal combustion aircraft engine
* Propellers: pusher propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 70 kn (81 mph, 130 km/h)
* Cruise speed: 55 kn (63 mph, 102 km/h)
* Range: 13,200 nmi (15,200 mi, 24,400 km)
* Endurance: 10 days
* Service ceiling: 15,000 ft (4,600 m)
* Fuel consumption: 0.016 lb/mi (0.0044 kg/km)
# Cherokee Town, Oklahoma

Cherokee Town is a ghost town in Garvin County, Oklahoma. It's located 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Pauls Valley.

## History

Before the Civil War, there was a trading post near Little Sandy Creek, about a mile from where a heavily used trail crossed the Washita River. The stop was unnamed until a group of Cherokees who forcefully resettled from Texas moved near the vicinity of the post. The Cherokee people built homes and other infrastructure around the area, and along with the post, which has its own blacksmithing place, made the now forming town popular. The town was then on referred to as “Cherokee Town”. Despite the village remaining small, it was well known around the area. After the Civil War, mainly during the 1870s, the trail became very important across the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations, as it connected Boggy Depot and Fort Sill. Cherokee Town started to gain importance when a cross-country stage line was started, designated at 20 miles (32 km) intervals. Many goods wagons and buggies would come through the town. Militia and their subsequent wagons with weapons would go through the town as-well. As a result of the conundrum, the town slowly increased. Several stores were developed, even hotels and campsites were created too. There was a masonic hall and a town doctor. Blacksmithing was the towns main driving point and moneymaker. The blacksmith was deemed a pan important person throughout the community. Church services were held at the town, and there were subscription schools too. As the population of the Chickasaw nation increased, new paths were created and replaced to different areas, cutting off the towns traffic.
# Paris Commercial Historic District (Paris, Tennessee)

The Paris Commercial Historic District is a historic district in Paris, Henry County, Tennessee.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Colin Frechter

Colin Michael Frechter (born August 1938) is a musical director, arranger, keyboard player, and vocalist.

## Biography

Frechter attended Aldenham School in Elstree.

## Career

Frechter worked in Harrods before joining the music business in 1958 as a clarinet player for the RAF. After his release from the Air Force in 1961, he worked for T.B. Harms & Francis, Day & Hunter, Inc. as a Musical Director for Page One Records.
Since 1967, he has worked with many artists, including the Four Tops, the Bay City Rollers (receiving a gold disc for the single "Bye, Bye, Baby (Baby, Goodbye)" and the L.P., Once Upon a Star), Elaine Paige, Showaddywaddy, Elton John, Take That (including Robbie Williams), Shakin' Stevens, and Brotherhood of Man (including "Save Your Kisses for Me").
Frechter was the pianist for Big John's Rock 'N' Roll Circus, a rock group formed by John Goodison, active from 1974 to 1979. The band went to number one in Rhodesia in 1975 with "Rockin' in the USA".
He currently directs theatre productions.
# Kenneth Carter (politician)

Kenneth Carter (September 9, 1933 – January 7, 2017) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 31st District from 1993 to 2011. Carter died on January 7, 2017, in Saunderstown, Rhode Island.

## Birth

Kenneth Carter was born in Scottsboro, Alabama on September 9, 1933.

## Family

Carter was married to Sylvia Clark and together they had four children named Kenneth, Michael, Mitchell, and Matthew.

## Personal life and community involvement

Carter served in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War and owned several restaurants in Narragansett. He owned and operated Carter's 19th Hole, a bar/restaurant located at the North Kingstown Golf Course on Quonset Point. He also ran the Shriner's Hall in North Kingstown.

## Education

Carter graduated from Jackson County High School in Alabama, where he served as Class President.

## Politics

Kenneth Carter represented District 31 in the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1993 until 2011. He lost reelection on November 2, 2010, to Republican challenger Doreen Costa, by a margin of 54.2 percent to 45.8 percent. This election coincided with a Republican wave nationally.
Carter was remembered by colleagues, including Costa, for his fairness and civility.
During the 2009-2010 sessions, he served on the House Committee on Finance, and served as Chairman of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs.

### Political experience

Carter has had the following political experience:
* Candidate, Rhode Island House of Representatives, District 31, 2010
* Representative, Rhode Island State House of Representatives, 1992-2010
* Delegate, Rhode Island Constitutional Convention, 1986

### Caucuses/Non-Legislative Committees

Carter has been a member of the following committees:
* Crime Lab Commission
* Board of Governors, Higher Education
* North Kingstown Democratic Town Committee
* Selective Service Commission
# The Montfort Academy

The Montfort Academy is an American private, Roman Catholic high school in Mt. Vernon, New York.
It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.

## Background

As of 2012, the school had been ranked for seven years in a row as one of America's 50-best Catholic high schools.
The school has a 100 percent college-acceptance rate, and an average SAT score in the 85th percentile. Seventy percent of students achieve the Mastery Level of the New York Regents Examinations, which is 85 percent or above.
The school was founded in 1998 by a small group of businessmen and educators, including Richard Greco, Jr., a corporate finance executive and former Assistant Secretary of the Navy.
The class of 2013 was awarded more than $3 million in scholarship money and financial aid to attend college.
150 students attend the school, which has a maximum enrollment of 160.
The school is located in the Fleetwood section of Mt. Vernon.
# Clairmont, New Mexico

Clairmont is a ghost town located 19 miles northeast of Glenwood in Catron County, New Mexico, United States.

## History

As early as 1822 the site is reported to have been a mining camp, surviving through the 1880s as a supply center for prospectors. It is located near Copper Creek, today there are old log cabins and a corral on the site. In 1883 the town had a post office. Clairmont is noted by historians as having been a significant mining community.
# Nilima Jogalekar

Nilima Jogalekar (born 1 July 1961) is an Indian cricketer. She played as a wicket-keeper and a middle-order batsman. She represented Maharashtra in women's domestic cricket, making her international debut in the 1978 Women's Cricket World Cup as Nilima Barve (her maiden name).

## Career

Nilima Jogalekar played 6 Test matches and 20 ODI matches spread over seven years and four international series. She played in the following series:
* 1978 Women's Cricket World Cup (1 ODI)
* 1982 Women's Cricket World Cup (12 ODIs)
* 1983/84 Australia Women in India (4 ODIs and 4 Test matches)
* 1984/85 New Zealand Women in India (3 ODIs and 2 Test matches)
Nilima Jogalekar captained India in one Test match (against New Zealand) when she stood in for Diana Edulji.
In 2016, Jogalekar was felicitated by the Board of Control for Cricket in India on the occasion of India playing its 500th Test against New Zealand at the Green Park Stadium. Among other women captions to be honoured were Diana Edulji, Promila Rao and Shantha Rangaswamy.
# Gustavo Marmentini

Gustavo Marmentini dos Santos (born 8 March 1994) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Armenian club Alashkert.

## Career

Born in Cascavel, Paraná, Marmentini graduated from Atlético Paranaense's youth system, and was promoted to the main squad in June 2014. On 12 August he was loaned to Delhi Dynamos FC.
On 14 October Marmentini made his professional debut, coming on as a late substitute in a 0–0 home draw against FC Pune City. On the 25th he scored his first goal, the last of a 4–1 home routing over Chennaiyin FC. On 1 July 2015 it was announced that Marmentini would be retained by the club to participate in the 2015 Indian Super League.
On 7 July 2018, Marmentini was announced as a new signing for Alashkert.
On 26 July 2020 he signed with the Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Hadera.
On 31 August 2023, Marmentini signed for Pyunik. On 19 December 2023, Pyunik announced the departure of Marmentini by mutual consent.
On 15 January 2024, Alashkert announced the return of Marmentini following his release by Pyunik.
# Ultra Low Floor

The Ultra Low Floor tram (ULF) is a low-floor tram operating in Vienna, Austria, and Oradea, Romania, built by a consortium composed of Siemens and ELIN in Vienna. It has the lowest floor-height of any such vehicle.

## Overview

In contrast to other low-floor trams, the floor in the interior of ULF is at sidewalk height (about 20 cm or 7.9 inches above the road surface), which makes access to trams easy for passengers in wheelchairs or with baby carriages. This configuration required a new undercarriage. The axles had to be replaced by a complex electronic steering of the traction motors. Auxiliary devices are installed largely under the car's roof.
The ULF technology went into testing in the early 1990s. Since 1998, ULFs have been in use on Vienna's tram network. As of mid-2008, 302 cars were in operation (150 cars since mid-2006, and another 152 as of 2007).
Siemens ULF trams were introduced in Oradea, Romania, on 24 April 2008, and are the only ULF trams outside Austria.

## Technical specifications

| City / Operator | Type designation | Built in | Number of vehicles | Length | Width | Weight (empty) | Maximum power |
| Vienna / Wiener Linien | A | 1995 (prototype), 1997 | 50 | 24.2 m (79 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | 2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 30 t (29.5 long tons; 33.1 short tons) | 6 × 60 kW (80 hp) |
| Vienna / Wiener Linien | A$_1$ | 2007–2015 | 80 | 24.2 m (79 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | 2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 30 t (29.5 long tons; 33.1 short tons) | 6 × 36 kW (48 hp) |
| Vienna / Wiener Linien | B | 1995 (prototype), 1998 | 100 | 35.3 m (115 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | 2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 43 t (42.3 long tons; 47.4 short tons) | 8 × 60 kW (80 hp) |
| Vienna / Wiener Linien | B$_1$ | 2009-2015 | 100 | 35.3 m (115 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | 2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 43 t (42.3 long tons; 47.4 short tons) | 8 × 36 kW (48 hp) |
| Oradea / OTL | A$_1$ | 2008–2009 | 10 | 24.2 m (79 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | 2.4 m (7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 30 t (29.5 long tons; 33.1 short tons) | 6 × 36 kW (48 hp) |

## Gallery

* Electronic and engine parts on the head of two ULF
* Trial unit of a ULF in Vienna, 1994
* Short version (Type A) of first-generation ULF in Vienna
* Long version (Type B) of the second-generation ULF in Vienna
* Short version (Type A$_1$) of the second-generation ULF in Vienna
* Long version (Type B$_1$) of the second-generation ULF in Vienna
* ULF (A1) Oradea (2010)
* Interior of a first-generation ULF
* Interior of a second-generation ULF
# Varden Tsulukidze

Varden Tsulukidze (Georgian: ვარდენ წულუკიძე; 8 November 1865 – 19 May 1923) was a Georgian military commander and anti-Soviet resistance leader.

## Biography

Born into the old House of Tsulukidze, Varden served in the Imperial Russian Army and was promoted to the rank of major general in World War I where he fought against the Ottoman Empire during the Caucasus campaign. He then commanded a brigade in the newly independent Democratic Republic of Georgia. After the country's fall to the Soviets in 1921, he became one of the leaders of an underground independence movement. On 19 May 1923, Tsulukidze was arrested by the Cheka along with his associates and executed at the outskirts of Tbilisi. In 2023, he was posthumously awarded the title and Order of National Hero of Georgia.
# Columbia, Arkansas

Columbia, Arkansas was a 19th-century boat landing and human settlement along the Mississippi River located in Chicot County near Helena, Arkansas. Columbia stood on what was called Spanish Moss Bend, in a section of the River known as the Greenville Bends, between Gaines' Landing and Island 82. Columbia, which lay roughly opposite Greenville, Mississippi, was the county seat of Chicot from 1833 until 1855.
The population was 400 in 1860. Cotton from nearby plantations was shipped from the river landing. The Columbia and Bartholomew Railroad Company was incorporated in 1838, but only parts of the railroad would be completed. Also in 1838, one of four branch offices of Arkansas Real Estate Bank was established in Columbia. After accumulating over a million dollars in investments, the bank failed in 1842, created widespread financial difficulties.
The outlaw band of John Murrell was said to spend time in the settlement, helping earn the port a rough reputation. On July 4, 1846, an enslaved man known only as William was lynched at Columbia.
Three major steamboat disasters occurred near Columbia. On June 9, 1836, the Rob Roy suffered a fatal boiler explosion that killed at least 17 people. On January 6, 1853, the J. Wilson exploded shortly after departing Columbia, resulting in dozens of deaths. And on May 19, 1861, a boiler explosion on Kentucky killed 19.
USS Exchange was damaged by Confederate artillery near Columbia in June 1864. The settlement was "burned in retaliation" for attacks on U.S. Navy gunboats during the American Civil War. It is believed that the remains of the town site were eventually eroded into the Mississippi. Nothing remains of the settlement today.