OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carlos de Montúfar

Carlos de Montúfar y Larrea-Zurbano (Quito, November 2, 1780 - Buga, July 31, 1816) was a Creole nobleman and soldier considered one of the liberators of current Ecuador. He fought alongside Simón Bolívar and was nicknamed El Caudillo.

## Biography

Carlos was the third son of the marriage of Creole nobles Juan Pío de Montúfar y Larrea, II Marquis of Selva Alegre, and Teresa de Larrea y Villavicencio. His father was a politician in the independence movement developed in Quito between 1809 and 1812, a forerunner to the independence of Ecuador.

### Military career

In 1805 he moved to Spain to begin his military training at the Royal Academy of Nobles. He fought against the Napoleonic army in the Peninsular War, taking an active part as Aide-de-Camp to General Castaños in the Battle of Bailén.In 1808, considered Napoleon's first military defeat.

## Royal commissioner and defender of the State of Quito

He was appointed in Cádiz by the Supreme Central Board as royal commissioner for the Court of Quito, with broad autonomy from the viceroys of Peru and New Granada, in order to calm the rebel tumults.
Being informed that his father had taken part in the Quito Independence movement, he decided to join the cause and fight against the Spanish. He participated in the formation of the State of Quito, which declared itself independent from Spain and promulgated its own Constitution, under the Presidency of Bishop José de Cuero y Caicedo. Montúfar took charge of the military defense of the new State and entered into combat with the forces of Toribio Montes, Melchor Aymerich and Juan de Sámano.
On 1 December 1812, the Patriots were definitively defeated in the Battle of Ibarra, but Montúfar managed to flee and after the defeat hid in several haciendas in Cayambe and the Los Chillos valley, near Quito. He was arrested, tried for treason and deported to Spain, via Guayaquil and Panama.
Upon arriving in Panama, he managed to flee and joined the Liberation Army in New Granada, where he reached the rank of colonel and fought in the southern area of present-day Colombia, where the Royalist forces of Toribio Montes and Juan de Sámano sowed death and destruction. He fought in the Pasto Campaign under the orders of General Serviez which ended with the complete defeat of the Patriot army.

## Death

On June 29, 1816, he participated in the war of independence of New Granada in the Battle of Cuchilla del Tambo. They were defeated and many independence fighters, among them Francisco José de Caldas, were captured and executed in the following days. Montúfar was also captured and sentenced to death by the Spanish general Juan de Sámano. He was shot in the back, as a traitor, in the city of Buga on July 31, 1816.

## Burial

On the centenary occasion of the Battle of Pichincha, the "Junta del Centenario" hizo the respective managements to repatriate our restaurants. It was brought to Quito from Buga on May 23, 1922 and was co-located in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Quito, where it was up to date.
# Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1999)

Aminul Islam Biplob (born 6 November 1999) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his international debut for the Bangladesh cricket team in September 2019. He played for two years before retiring in 2021.

## Domestic career

Aminul Islam made his List A debut for Mohammedan Sporting Club in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 11 February 2018. Prior to his List A debut, he was part of Bangladesh's squad for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut for Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League on 25 February 2019.
Aminul Islam was the leading run-scorer for Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League tournament, with 440 runs in 13 matches. In August 2019, he was one of 35 cricketers named in a training camp ahead of Bangladesh's 2019–20 season. He made his first-class debut on 17 October 2019, for Dhaka Metropolis in the 2019–20 National Cricket League. In November 2019, he was selected to play for the Khulna Tigers in the 2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League.

## International career

In September 2019, Aminul Islam received his maiden call up for national team, when he was added to the squad for last two Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) in the 2019–20 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series. He made his T20I debut for Bangladesh, against Zimbabwe, on 18 September 2019.
In November 2019, Aminul Islam was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh. In February 2021, he was selected in the Bangladesh Emerging squad for their home series against the Ireland Wolves. In September 2021, he was named as one of the two reserve players in Bangladesh's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. However, on 10 October 2021, he withdrew himself from the squad and returned home.
# Judiciary City

The Judiciary City (French: Cité judiciaire) is a site in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, that houses a number of courts and legal offices. It consolidates all of Luxembourg City's judicial buildings, except those related to the institutions of the European Union, on one site, and greatly expands their capacity.
The City sits on the Saint-Esprit plateau, sandwiched between the Alzette and the Pétrusse, in the southern part of the central Ville Haute quarter. Its buildings are built in modern Moselle Baroque, to match the surrounding area, and were designed by Robert Krier. Planned since 1991, the first stone of the City was laid on 7 October 2003, and it was officially inaugurated five years later, on 6 October 2008. The buildings contain 43,000 square metres (460,000 sq ft) of floor space, including 300 offices and sixteen courtrooms.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "La cité judiciaire sur le plateau du Saint-Esprit". Service Information et Presse. 7 October 2008. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
* ↑ "Inauguration de la cité judiciaire". Service Information et Presse. 6 October 2008. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
49°36′29″N 6°08′01″E﻿ / ﻿49.608°N 6.1335°E﻿ / 49.608; 6.1335
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# José Joaquim dos Santos

José Joaquim dos Santos (? 1747–1801) was a Portuguese music teacher and late Baroque-period composer who specialised in writing sacred music. He was listed by two authors as being among Portugal's "most outstanding eighteenth-century composers."
He was born in Senhor da Pedra near Óbidos to Manuel Gonçalves dos Santos and Vitória Luísa and entered Lisbon's Royal Patriarchal Music Seminary (Real Seminário de Música da Patriarcal de Lisboa) on 24 June 1754.
After graduating on 1 January 1763, Santos accepted an offer to remain on staff to teach solfège and was later appointed as professor (mestre) of harmony, counterpoint and composition. He continued teaching there for the remainder of his life. From 1768, parallel to his work within the seminary, he was also engaged as a singer, organist, composer and conductor at the Royal Chapel (Capela Real).
Of his teaching skills, one of his students, André da Silva Gomes described Santos as "wise and experienced" then adding that his command of fugue writing was "outstanding … and singular", while Nancy Lee Harper in her survey of Portuguese keyboard music said he was "noted for his Figured Bass rules of accompaniment."
According to musicologist Robert Stevenson, Santos' own composition style was strongly influenced by Neapolitan opera composer Davide Perez who taught him at the seminary, and commenting about Santos' overall approach, Enrico Ruggieri says in his thesis, "He was renowned as master of the stile antico, however he composed music in concertato style as well." Looking specifically at Santos' 1792 setting of the Stabat Mater, Ruggieri noted that "the composition is built around the formal structure of a cantata sacra da camera that belongs to the style of the Neapolitan tradition of composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti or Giovanni Battista Pergolesi." What has been described by musicologist Ricardo Bernardes as "the well-known process of Italianization of musical practices begun in the reign of King João V" is clearly demonstrated here.
Apart from two secular eclogues which were performed respectively in 1786 and 1787 at the Lisbon Academy of Sciences (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa) for its celebrations of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, the remainder of Santos' known works were written for liturgical use and performed in Portugal and Brazil. These include 5 settings of the Mass, 2 of the Te Deum, a Credo, a complete Vespers, 25 individual Psalms, 21 Anthems, Motets and Antiphons, 4 of the Miserere, 1 of Holy Week Matins and 1 of the Holy Week Responsories. The vocal forces vary from 4 to 8 voices plus soloists in some works, and always with accompaniment by organ, orchestra, organ and orchestra, or various smaller combinations of solo instruments.
The exact date and cause of Santos' death and the place of his burial are unknown.
# Pembridge Hall School

Pembridge Hall is a non-selective preparatory school for girls located in Notting Hill, London, England. It is part of the Inspired Education Group.

## History

The origins of Pembridge Hall School stem from a convent school, 'Our Lady of Sion' which was founded in Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill in 1979 by the Sisters of Sion.
In 1980, the school moved to 18 Pembridge Square, where the Lower School is currently based and became known for the first time as Pembridge Hall.
In 2003, the Middle and Upper School expanded into number 10 Pembridge Square.
In 2023, the school was acquired by the Inspired Education Group.

## Admissions

Pembridge Hall is a non-selective school. Applications for Kindergarten are processed by calendar month to ensure an even distribution of birthdays throughout the year. Applications for older pupils are subject to assessment and interview.

## Academics

Pupils study the full range of National Curriculum subjects as well as learning Philosophy and having the opportunity to take LAMDA lessons. Sport and the Arts feature strongly on the curriculum as well as a wide variety of both day and residential trips.
The 2010 ISI inspection report commended the school for its excellence in teaching, pastoral care and relationship with parents.

## Senior School Transition

Upon leaving Pembridge Hall, pupils typically gain entry to a range of London day schools including Godolphin and Latymer School, Francis Holland School, More House, Queen's College, London and St Paul's Girls' School. A number of pupils move on to boarding schools, including St Mary's School, Ascot and Wycombe Abbey.
# Bauhinia purpurea

Bauhinia purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar, and widely introduced elsewhere in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Common names include orchid tree, purple bauhinia, camel's foot, butterfly tree, and Hawaiian orchid tree.

## Description

Bauhinia purpurea is a small to medium-size deciduous tree growing to 5.2 metres (17 ft) tall. The leaves are alternate, 10–20 centimetres (4–8 in) long and broad, rounded, and bilobed at the base and apex. The flowers are conspicuous, pink, and fragrant, with five petals. The fruit is a pod measuring 30 cm (12 in) long, containing 12 to 16 seeds.

### Chemistry

A wide range of chemical compounds have been isolated from Bauhinia purpurea including 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 6-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, bis [3',4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-7,8-furano-5',6'-mono-methylalloxy]-5-C-5-biflavonyl and (4'-hydroxy-7-methyl 3-C-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-5-C-5-(4'-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-C-α-D-glucopyranosyl) bioflavonoid, bibenzyls, dibenzoxepins, mixture of phytol fatty esters, lutein, β-sitosterol, isoquercitin and astragalin.

## Distribution and habitat

Native to the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar, the species has been widely introduced elsewhere in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.
In the United States, the tree grows in Hawaii, coastal California, southern Texas, and southwest Florida. Bauhinia × blakeana is usually propagated by grafting it onto B. purpurea stems.

## Uses

The young leaves and flowers of Bauhinia purpurea are edible. In the Philippines, B. purpurea is known as alibangbang (lit. "butterfly"). The leaves have a citrusy and sour taste and are used either as a souring agent for sinigang and similar dishes, or, as a pickle condiment, in Philippine cuisine.
Throughout Southeast Asia, B. purpurea and related species are also used in making poultices for treating swelling, bruises, boils, and ulcers. Various parts of the plant are also used in decoctions to treat fever and stomach ailments, as well as being used as an astringent.
In Indian traditional medicine, the leaves are used to treat coughs while the bark is used for glandular diseases and as an antidote for poisons. The flowers are also used in pickles and curries and is regarded as a laxative.

## In culture

The plant is called Kānchan (কাঞ্চন) in Assamese, Odia,Rōkto Kānchan (রক্ত কাঞ্চন) in Bengali, Sinj alag in Santali and Taanki in Nepali.

## Gallery

* Bark
* Leaf
* Flowers
* Flower close-up
# Irv Novick

Irving Novick (/ˈnoʊvɪk/; April 11, 1916 – October 15, 2004) was an American comics artist who worked almost continuously from 1939 until the 1990s.

## Career

A graduate of the National Academy of Design, Irv Novick got his start in the workshop of Harry "A" Chesler. From about 1939 to 1946, Novick was working for MLJ Comics, the company that would later be known as Archie Comics. He became the primary artist for their superhero comics, including the characters the Shield (the first patriotic superhero), Bob Phantom, the Hangman, and Steel Sterling, until MLJ cut back on these titles to focus more on their Archie comics.
He joined the United States Army on April 17, 1943.
From 1946 to 1951, Novick worked in advertising and for the largely unsuccessful comic strips Cynthia and The Scarlet Avenger. His long association with DC Comics began when he was hired by editor Robert Kanigher, who had previously written Novick-illustrated comics for MLJ. Novick and Kanigher would be friends and colleagues for many years. Initially, Novick was primarily an artist on war comics such as Our Army at War and occasionally romance comics. Kanigher and Novick introduced the Silent Knight character in The Brave and the Bold #1 (Aug. 1955).
Novick left DC for the Johnstone and Cushing advertising agency in the 1960s, but was unhappy in advertising and was lured back to DC by Kanigher with a freelance contract, a guarantee of steady work and certain perks which was at the time unprecedented. After editorial and management changes in 1968, Novick began drawing superhero titles such as Batman, Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane, and The Flash. Novick and writer Frank Robbins crafted the story which revealed the last name of Batman's butler Alfred Pennyworth in Batman #216 (Nov. 1969). The Robbins and Novick team was instrumental in returning Batman to the character's gothic roots, such as in the story "One Bullet Too Many". Robbins and Novick created the Ten-Eyed Man in Batman #226 (Nov. 1970) and the Spook in Detective Comics #434 (April 1973). He and Dennis O'Neil launched The Joker series in May 1975. Novick drew the introductions of Duela Dent in Batman Family #6 (July–Aug. 1976) and the Electrocutioner in Batman #331 (Jan. 1981). Novick continued to work, still under contract, until failing eyesight prompted his retirement in the 1990s.

## Influence

A panel Novick drew in All-American Men of War #89 (Jan.–Feb. 1962) of a U.S. Air Force plane shooting down an enemy plane with the onomatopoeia "WHAAM!" was later appropriated for Roy Lichtenstein's painting of that name.

## Awards

Irv Novick received an Inkpot Award in 1995.
# Zodarion messiniense

Zodarion messiniense is a spider species that is found in Greece.
# Gravity (Bullet for My Valentine album)

Gravity is the sixth studio album by Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine. The album was released on 29 June 2018 via Spinefarm Records, their first album under the label. It is the first album with former Pitchshifter drummer Jason Bowld, who joined in 2016 to replace founding drummer Michael "Moose" Thomas. It is also the first album to feature bassist Jamie Mathias as a contributing member. Gravity represents a significant change in sound compared to the band's previous releases, moving toward the nu metal sound similar to their early years as "Jeff Killed John".
On 1 April 2018, Bullet for My Valentine debuted "Over It", the first single from Gravity, on BBC Radio 1.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Distorted Sound Magazine | |
| MetalSucks | |
| Exclaim! | |
| Metal Hammer | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
| Blabbermouth.net | |

## Critical reception

Upon its release, Gravity received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, primarily due to the band's departure from their signature metalcore/thrash metal sound to a more nu metal style. Jeff Treppel of MetalSucks gave the album an extremely negative 0.5 out of 5, criticizing the sound for being a "bastard hybrid of Linkin Park-style radio rock" as well as the album's lyrical content and Matt Tuck's vocals. A significantly more positive review came from Lukas Wojcicki of Exclaim!, who stated that the "newly implemented formula works as intended", and commented that the "tracks are easily digestible and regrettably catchy", although stated that "metal purists" would find the album "frustrating".

## Personnel

Bullet for My Valentine
* Matt Tuck – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* Michael "Padge" Paget – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Jamie Mathias – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Jason Bowld – drums
Technical
* Carl Bown – production, mixing, keyboards
* Colin Richardson – production on "Don't Need You"
* Alex Robinson – mixing assistant
* Daniel Holub – art direction, design
* Ted Jensen – mastering at Sterling Sound, NYC

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 10 |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 7 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 21 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 27 |
| Canadian Albums (Billboard) | 18 |
| Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI) | 29 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 65 |
| Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista) | 12 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 7 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 27 |
| Japan Hot Albums (Billboard Japan) | 50 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 34 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 39 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 15 |
| Slovak Albums (ČNS IFPI) | 87 |
| Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE) | 50 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 47 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 6 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 2 |
| US Billboard 200 | 17 |
| US Top Hard Rock Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 6 |
# Salleri, Okhaldhunga

Salleri, Okhaldhunga is a Village Development Committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1621 residing in 321 individual households.
# Fédérico Ezquerra

Fédérico Ezquerra (10 March 1909 — 30 January 1986) was a Spanish professional road bicycle racer. Born at Gordexola, he was the brother of cyclist Arturo Ezquerra. He died at Güeñes in 1986.

## Major results
### 1928

    Colindres
    Sestao
    Zierbana

### 1929

    Arrigorriaga

### 1930

    Circuito Luarca
    Vuelta a Piqueras
    Zesboa

### 1931

    Circuito Luarca
    Circuito Sodupe
    Legazpia
    Valladolid
    Vuelta a Levante
    Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

### 1932

    Burgos
    Circuito Montserty
    Circuito Sodupe
    Vuelta a Alava

### 1933

    GP de la Bicicleta Eibarresa
    GP de Vizcaya
    GP Mondragon
    national track stayers championship
    Subida a Santo Domingo
    Vuelta a Galega (incl. 2 stages)
    Vuelta Pontevedra (incl. 1 stage)

### 1934

    GP de Bilbao
    Torrelavega
    Vuelta a la Valle de Leniz

### 1935

    Circuito de Getxo
    GP Alonsotegui
    GP Aracena
    GP de Bilbao
    GP de Vizcaya
    Trofeo Falas

### 1936

    Beasain
    Lazkao
    Tour de France:
       Winner stage 11

### 1938

    Eibar - San Sebastian - Eibar (incl. stage 1)
    GP Alava
    GP de Bilbao
    GP San Juan
    Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia

### 1939

    Cinturion de Bilbao
    Vuelta a Alava

### 1940

    Circuito de Getxo
    GP Pascuas
    Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia
    Sondika
    Vuelta a Estella
    Spanish National Road Race Championship
    Circuito del Norte
    Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

### 1941

    Vuelta a España:
       Winner stage 13

### 1942

    Ampuero
    Circuito de Getxo
    Circuito del Norte (incl. 2 stages)
    Pamplona
    Volta a Catalunya

### 1943

    Santander
# Table tennis at the 2023 Island Games

Table tennis, for the 2023 Island Games, held at the Guernsey Table Tennis Centre, Guernsey in July 2023.

## Medal table

* Host nation (Guernsey)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Jersey | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 2 | Guernsey* | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Gotland | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Åland | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Greenland | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 6 | Isle of Man | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | Isle of Wight | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 6 | 6 | 12 | 24 |

## Participating islands

* Åland Islands
* Alderney
* Cayman Islands
* Falkland Islands
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Gotland
* Gozo
* Greenland
* Guernsey (Host)
* Isle of Man
* Isle of Wight
* Jersey
* Menorca
* Shetland Islands

## Results

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles | Max Hedbom Gotland | Jordan Wykes Jersey | Luc Miller Jersey |
| Men's singles | Max Hedbom Gotland | Jordan Wykes Jersey | Ivik Nielsen Greenland |
| Women's singles | Hannah Silcock Jersey | Marina Donner Åland | Alice Edwards Guernsey |
| Women's singles | Hannah Silcock Jersey | Marina Donner Åland | Katherine Vinas Isle of Man |
| Men's doubles | Jersey Luc Miller Jordan Wykes | Gotland Jonas Berglund Max Hedbom | Greenland Aqqalu Nielsen Ivik Nielsen |
| Men's doubles | Jersey Luc Miller Jordan Wykes | Gotland Jonas Berglund Max Hedbom | Guernsey Garry Dodd Benjamin Foss |
| Women's doubles | Guernsey Alice Edwards Dawn Morgan | Jersey Hannah Silcock Kathryn Silcock | Gotland Evelina Carlsson Elin Schwartz |
| Women's doubles | Guernsey Alice Edwards Dawn Morgan | Jersey Hannah Silcock Kathryn Silcock | Greenland Karlinannguaq Lundblad Juliane Schmidt |
| Mixed doubles | Guernsey Garry Dodd Alice Edwards | Gotland Evelina Carlsson Max Hedbom | Åland Islands Marina Donner Johan Pettersson |
| Mixed doubles | Guernsey Garry Dodd Alice Edwards | Gotland Evelina Carlsson Max Hedbom | Jersey Hannah Silcock Jordan Wykes |
| Team | Jersey Luc Miller Leon Pierre Hannah Silcock Kathryn Silcock Alfie Sutherland Jordan Wykes | Guernsey Charlotte Casey Garry Dodd Alice Edwards Benjamin Foss Dawn Morgan Joshua Stacey Lawrence Stacey Shelby Timms | Gotland Jonas Berglund Evelina Carlsson Betty Engström Max Hedbom Stefan Paulsson Elin Schwartz |
| Team | Jersey Luc Miller Leon Pierre Hannah Silcock Kathryn Silcock Alfie Sutherland Jordan Wykes | Guernsey Charlotte Casey Garry Dodd Alice Edwards Benjamin Foss Dawn Morgan Joshua Stacey Lawrence Stacey Shelby Timms | Isle of Wight Daniel Burns George Downing Temeesha Hobbs Hugh Idle Anna Joyce Scott Lawson Elaine Mills Patricia Thorley |