OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franz Marszalek

Franz Marszalek (born 2 August 1900 in Breslau, Schlesien, Germany (now Wrocław, Silesia, Poland); died 28 October 1975 in Cologne, Germany) was a German conductor and composer, who was a leading figure in operetta. He began his studies in Wrocław, and moved to Berlin in 1933. He conducted the Cologne Radio Orchestra from 1949 to 1965, with an emphasis on operetta music. He was a longtime friend of the operetta composer Eduard Künneke, whose music he championed in concerts and in recordings with the Cologne Radio Orchestra and the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra.
# Bair Island

Bair Island is a marsh area in Redwood City, California, covering 3,000 acres (1,200 ha), and includes three islands: Inner, Middle and Outer islands. Bair Island is part of the larger Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. It is surrounded by the Steinberger slough to the northwest and Redwood Creek to the southeast.
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Bair Island Ecological Reserve consists of 1,985 acres (803 ha) on the Middle and Outer islands, although the entire island group is managed by the Refuge. Bair Island is an important ecological wetland, which provides critical habitat for a variety of species, including the endangered California clapper rail and the Salt marsh harvest mouse, and is an important stop for birds on the Pacific Flyway. Bair Island is bisected by Corkscrew Slough, a major haul-out site for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina).

## History

Bair Island is the largest undeveloped island in the San Francisco Bay and was used for farming, grazing and salt production since the 19th century. A residential development called South Shores had been proposed to build a housing estate with 4000 houses on the marshland. It was approved by the Redwood City council, but a citizens referendum narrowly defeated the project in 1982 by just 44 votes. The Peninsula Open Space Trust purchased the property in 1996 and deeded the site to be part of the Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, and the Bair Island Ecological Reserve was established in 1997. In 2013, a pedestrian bridge was opened to connect to trails around the island to allow access to the naturally restored wetlands. In 2017, tour guides began leading pedestrians on the trails and showing the effects of wetland restoration. Some species that have flourished since the restoration are the California Ridgway's rail, pickleweed, and pelicans.
# Merricks Beach, Victoria

Merricks Beach is a town on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne Victoria, Australia, approximately 66 km (41 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Merricks Beach recorded a population of 157 at the 2021 census.
Merricks Beach is located on the eastern side of the peninsula on Western Port Bay.
# Bobtown, Kentucky

Bobtown, also known as Joe Lick, is a rural hamlet outside Berea, Madison County, Kentucky, United States. Founded around 1769, since the mid-19th century it has been a predominantly African-American community. It is located 12 miles south of Richmond, Kentucky, and roughly 5 miles northeast of the city center of Berea, Kentucky; and is near Farristown and Middletown, two other African American communities.

## History

It was founded c. 1769 as Joe Lick, or Joe's Lick Knob, and is said to be named after an early settler who had carved his name on a stone fence. One of the first houses was built for Capt. Phillipps in the early 1800s, on the Berea and Kingston Road.
Starting in 1865 after the American Civil War, African Americans were allowed to purchase land and settled in this area. In 1872, the settlement was renamed Bobtown in honor of "Uncle Bob" Fitch, a long-time African-American resident. The community was tied together as a community by the formation of the New Liberty Baptist Church (1866), and with schools, and stores.
Rev. Matthew Campbell (1823–1896) founded the New Liberty Baptist Church in 1866; and Rev. Thomas H. Broaddus was the pastor for many years in Bobtown and for the surrounding towns. In the early history of the community they had separate White and Black elementary schools. In the 1930s with a merger of schools, the Black students were bussed to the Middletown Consolidated School and Richmond High School; and White students attended schools in Kingston. The railroad industry and farming industry were the largest employers in the early history. Pigs, cattle, and tobacco were farmed locally.
# 2015 Peruvian protests against Las Bambas mining project

The protests escalated on 29 September, when four people were killed and dozens injured in clashes between demonstrators and police, prompting President Ollanta Humala to decree a state of emergency.

## 29 September clashes

On 29 September, an estimated 15,000 people gathered in Challhuahuacho to protest against a $7.4 billion copper mine project. Locals in the region are concerned that the copper mine project will cause environmental damage to the Andean area. Peruvian authorities sent 1,500 police officers and 150 soldiers to the area. Several hundred demonstrators attacked the mine installations and clashed with police, who responded with tear gas. The protest escalated, after law enforcers opened fire on protesters, killing four of them. The four fatalities were all local men. In a press conference, authorities confirmed that Uriel Elguera Chilca (34), Beto Chahuallo Huillca (24) and Alberto Cárdenas Chalco (23) died from gunshots on way to Cusco, while Exaltación Huamaní (30) succumbed to death at Challhuahuacho hospital. Likewise, 23 other people, including eight policemen, were injured in ensuing clashes. Officials say ambulances couldn't reach the local clinic following the attack because police also shot at a vehicle carrying doctors.
MMG says that Las Bambas has reserves of 6.9 million tons of copper and expects to produce more than 2 million tons of copper concentrate in its first five years. The deposit was discovered at more than 4,000 meters above sea level and will become one of the largest copper mines in the world once it is in full production. Construction started on 10 August and began operations in early 2016.

## Reactions

Peruvian President Ollanta Humala regretted the loss of lives during the violent repression of the protest and called on calm and for dialogue. He also stated that "many of the protest leaders (...) come from outside the region and are using the protests to promote their campaigns for the April 2016 general elections".
Humala decreed the emergency for 30 days in the southern Andean regions of Cusco and Apurímac, where the mine, Las Bambas, owned by China's MMG Ltd., is under construction. The state of emergency applies to six provinces. Suspending civil liberties and authorizing military patrols, the government announced that more troops would be sent to Apurímac "to restore internal peace". Interior Minister José Luis Pérez Guadalupe said radical groups from outside the area had provoked the clashes.
Amnesty International's executive director in Peru, Marina Navarro, called the deaths "unacceptable" in an email sent to the AP. "The price of social protests should not be the death of any person", the statement said.
# Maribor Cathedral

Maribor Cathedral (Slovene: mariborska stolnica), dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Maribor, northeastern Slovenia. The church is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor and the parish church of the Parish of Maribor–St. John the Baptist. It is also the resting place of Bishop Anton Martin Slomšek, an advocate of Slovene culture.

## Architecture

The originally Romanesque building dates to the late 12th century. In the Gothic period, it got a rib vault, a larger choir and two side naves, whereas in the Baroque period, it got the chapel of Saint Francis Xavier and the chapel of the Holy Cross.
# Bossche bol

A Bossche bol (Dutch pronunciation:, Dutch for 'Ball from Den Bosch') – or just called chocoladebol ('chocolate ball') in its city of origin – is a pastry from the Dutch city of 's‑Hertogenbosch. It is effectively a large profiterole (cream puff), about 12 cm (5 in.) in diameter, filled with whipped cream and coated entirely or almost entirely with (usually dark) chocolate fondant icing.

## Eating

Bossche bollen (chocoladebollen) are usually eaten as an accompaniment to coffee, etc., rather than as a dessert.
They are traditionally eaten with the fingers, which can be quite messy. The best way to avoid spillage is by eating the pastry upside down, so that the hard layer of chocolate serves as a bottom. It is also possible (though frowned upon by traditionalists) to use a knife and fork.

## History

Even before the start of the 20th century, a predecessor of the Bossche Bol was being sold in Den Bosch by a baker named Lambermont, who had a store in a building called "De Kat" on the Vischstraat at number 61b. The ball made by Lambermont resembled a moorkop and was filled with custard.
In 1920, a baker from The Hague called Henri van der Zijde opened a shop in the same street at number 25, and invented a variation filled with whipped cream and covered with real chocolate, which his heirs see as the first real Bossche Bol. Later in the twenties Lambermont started selling a chocolate ball much like this one.
The name "Bossche bol" only became common once the pastry became popular outside of the city.
The exact recipe varies between bakers, although the recipe that is now acknowledged as the "real Bossche Bol" is the one made and sold by the confectionery Jan de Groot.

## Similar foods

There is a version of the Bossche Bol twice the size, called a reuzenbol ("giant ball").
A similar, slightly smaller, common Dutch pastry is the Moorkop — a profiterole which is usually not glazed with chocolate per se, but instead with a chocolate-flavoured glaze, made with cocoa powder. Often a puff of whipped cream is put on top of a moorkop.
Despite having a similar etymological meaning as Moorkop ('Moors head') – a Negerzoen ('Negro Kiss'), is a completely different product. The filling of the Negerzoen is marshmallow, not whipped cream, and its coating is not profiterole but a thin layer of chocolate. After complaints calling the name Negerzoen as racist, the largest manufacturer rebranded them simply as '(Buys) Zoenen' ('Buys Kisses') in 2006. By contrast, the common Moorkoppen were not as criticised the same way, and continue to be widely sold, name unchanged. However, in order to cause less offence, some retailers now sell them under the name chocoladebol.
# Betnava Mansion

Betnava Mansion (Slovene: Dvorec Betnava, German: Schloss Windenau) is a manorhouse located near the city of Maribor in northern Slovenia.
A structure on the site is first mentioned in 1319, under the name Wintenaw. By the 16th century, it had grown into a fortified and moated renaissance manor.
It passed through the hands of numerous owners, including the noble families of Herberstein, Khiessl, Auersperg, Ursini-Rosenberg, Szekely, Brandis. During their tenure, the counts Herberstein transformed it into a Protestant way-station, complete with chapel and cemetery. In 1863, Betnava became the summer residence of the bishops of Maribor and Lavant, having already been leased by the see for several decades.
In 1784, the mansion was rebuilt in late-baroque Florentine style, after the fashion of Vienna at the time. The west wing contains a chapel dedicated to the Holy Cross, while other notable features include a carved staircase leading to the main hall, itself decorated with late-baroque trompe-l'œil ceiling frescoes painted by an unknown artist c. 1780.
The main facade faces a 19th-century English country park.
The mansion's current owner is the archbishopric of Maribor, which was in 2011 cited by the Agency for the Protection of Cultural Heritage for failure to properly maintain the site and safeguard structures uncovered in an archeological dig.

## Sources

* https://web.archive.org/web/20090218153632/http://betnava.org/ (unreachable, 3 Aug 2016)
* http://www.delo.si/clanek/141729 Delo, 25 Feb 2011
46°31′42.55″N 15°38′22.93″E﻿ / ﻿46.5284861°N 15.6397028°E﻿ / 46.5284861; 15.6397028
# Alex Hardy

David Alexander Hardy (September 29, 1877 – April 22, 1940) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball in the early twentieth century. He played for the Chicago Cubs of the National League in 1902 and 1903.
In July 1905, while playing for the minor league Troy Trojans, Hardy was shot in the chest in Troy, New York by a man who suspected him of having an affair with his wife. The bullet "lodged near his heart" but did not prevent him from playing in the minors until 1909.
# Bubbles Hargrave

Eugene Franklin "Bubbles" Hargrave (July 15, 1892 – February 23, 1969) was an American catcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, and New York Yankees. He won the National League batting title in 1926 while playing for Cincinnati. He was nicknamed "Bubbles" because he stuttered when saying "B" sounds. Bubbles' younger brother, Pinky Hargrave, was also a major league catcher.

## Career

Hargrave was born in New Haven, Indiana. He started his professional baseball career in 1911 in the Central League and made his major league debut in 1913 with the Chicago Cubs. He was their backup catcher until 1915. From 1916 to 1920, he played mostly in the American Association. In 1920, he had a big season with the St. Paul Saints, batting .335 with 22 home runs and finishing second in the league batting race. St. Paul won the pennant.
Hargrave was then acquired by the Cincinnati Reds. He was their starting catcher for most of the 1920s and consistently put up good hitting numbers. In 1926, he won the National League batting title with a .353 average. The rules at the time required batting champions to play in at least 100 games, and Hargrave pinch hit several times to get to 105. He was the first catcher to lead the NL in batting average. In 1927, he led the league's catchers in fielding percentage.
Hargrave went back to St. Paul for the 1929 season. He managed the club to a second-place finish and also made the league All-Star team. He batted .369 in 104 games. The following year, Hargrave served as a backup catcher for the New York Yankees. He then went back to the minors for a few seasons before retiring in 1934.

## Later life

After his baseball days, Hargrave worked for a valve company. He died at age 76 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame in 2005.
# David John Perreault

David John Perreault is the Ford Foundation Professor of Engineering (EE) in the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His research interests include design, manufacturing, and control techniques for power electronic systems and components and their use in a wide range of applications.

## Education background

David Perreault received the B.S. degree from Boston University in 1989. He received the S.M. and Ph.D. degrees from the MIT in 1991 and 1997, respectively.

## Research contribution

Perreault's research at MIT has addressed the twin challenges of miniaturization and performance of power electronics. His work in power electronics has allowed operating power converters at frequencies beyond 100 MHz to enable small-scale devices and improve integration. He has experience in very-high-frequency power conversion that has helped in developing higher-efficiency approaches for radio frequency power amplifiers. Continuing on his work, he is working on high-power density power converters using piezoelectric resonators as passive components.
Perreault co-founded Eta Devices, Inc. (acquired by Nokia in 2016) and Eta Wireless, Inc. (acquired by Murata Manufacturing in 2021), startup companies focusing on power management for high-efficiency radio frequency power amplifiers. While Eta Devices helped Nokia's push for enhanced base station energy efficiency, Eta Wireless helped Murata Manufacturing with power saving technology for smartphones.
According to the IEEE Xplore. Perrault has more than 250 publications and over 7,800 citations based on his research work. He has co-authored a book entitled "Principles of Power Electronics" (2nd edition) in 2023 to cover foundational concepts in circuits, magnetics, devices, dynamic models, and control. He also owns more than 70 patents to his credit.

## Awards and distinctions

In 2001, Perreault was awarded the Richard M. Bass Outstanding Young Power Electronics Engineer Award. The award is meant to recognize the achievement in the power electronics field by an engineer under 35 years of age. He was elevated to IEEE Fellow in 2013 under the category "Research Engineer/Scientist" with the citation for the award mentioning "for contributions to design and application of very high frequency power electronic converters".
In 2015, Perreault was awarded the IEEE PELS R. David Middlebrook Achievement Award to recognize his accomplishments in the technical field of power electronics within one or more subfields. He was later elected into the National Academy of Engineering in the year 2021 with the citation mentioning "for contributions to power electronics technology and design techniques for very high frequency energy conversion". After three years in 2024, Perreault received the IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Award with the citation mentioning "for contributions to the development of very-high-frequency power converters". The scope of the award is for outstanding contributions to power electronics and conferred directly by the IEEE.
# Barbara A. Williams

Barbara Ann Williams is an American radio astronomer who was the first African-American woman to earn a PhD in astronomy (University of Maryland, College Park, 1981). Her research largely focused on compact galaxy groups, in particular observations of their emissions in the H I region in order to build up a larger scale picture of the structure and evolution of galaxies. Williams was named as the Outstanding Young Woman of America in 1986. She is a retired associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Delaware.

## Early life and education

Williams earned her bachelor's degree in physics at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. She moved to the University of Maryland, College Park for her graduate studies, earning a Master's and PhD in the field of radio astronomy in 1981. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society. Williams was the first African-American woman to earn a PhD in astronomy. She studied elliptical galaxies using HI emissions. She returned to the University of North Carolina at Greensboro as a research associate, where she worked until 1984. In 1984 Williams was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She spent a year as a NASA-American Society for Engineering Education summer faculty member at the Goddard Space Flight Center. She was named as the 1986 Outstanding Young Woman of America.

## Career

Williams's research focused on radio astronomy and the study of galaxies. She used radio waves to examine groups of galaxies with compact cores and HI emissions to study several galaxies, including the IC 698 group. Williams's work on the Hickson Compact Group of galaxies established that atomic gases must undergo a phase transformation to result in the observed HI deficiency. She used VLA neutral hydrogen imaging of compact galaxy groups.
Williams was made an associate professor at the University of Delaware in 1986. There, Williams later studied educational research and in particular strategies to retain women in physics. Williams is a Fellow of the National Society of Black Physicists.
Along with Sheella Mierson, Williams was the co-principal investigator of a study on problem-based learning in introductory sciences, in the Center for Teaching Effectiveness, University of Delaware.
# Bare Cove Park

Bare Cove Park is a 484 acre park designated for wildlife and public recreation. It is located in Hingham, Massachusetts, on the Weymouth Back River across from Great Esker Park.

## History

Until 1906, the land now established as Bare Cove Park was privately owned. The U.S. Navy then established the Hingham Naval Ammunition Depot, also known as Hockley Hollow at the time, because of its close proximity to Boston Harbor. The depot stored munitions for aircraft and ships until it was decommissioned in 1961, and the land was given to the towns of Hingham and Weymouth in the early seventies. Hingham's portion of the land was transformed into Bare Cove Park and opened its gates to the public in 1974. The town of Weymouth created Great Esker Park with their land.

## Park features

Bare Cove Park Features multiple paved paths and trails that are often used for walking, jogging, and biking. The park consists of acres of woods, marshes, wetlands, fields, and river shoreline and is also scattered with retired naval bunkers. Many of the bunkers which have been demolished since the depot was decommissioned, leaving wide and open fields in their place.

### Dog walking

Bare Cove Park is very popular for dog walkers. Dogs must be leashed unless the dog owner has an Off-Leash Dog Walking Permit for the park. There is signage around the park designating where dogs may be off-leash.

### USS YF-415 Memorial

There is a memorial stone and flagpole located in the park, memorializing the crew of the USS YF-415, who were lost in an accident on May 10, 1944.

## Wildlife

The park provides a sanctuary for diverse wildlife including minks, foxes, raccoons, and rabbits. Birds, including ospreys, double-crested cormorants, snowy egrets, and great blue herons, are seen significantly more by park-goers.

## Gallery

* A decommissioned naval ammunition bunker
* Two people walking on a path
* Mooring posts from former Navy base
* Egret in Back River
* Route 3A bridge over Back River, viewed from the park
* A beautiful snowy path through Bare Cove
# Spotsylvania Court House Historic District

Spotsylvania Court House Historic District is a national historic district located at Spotsylvania, Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The district includes 24 contributing buildings in the historic core of Spotsylvania. The principal building is the Spotsylvania Court House, a two-story Roman Revival style brick building built in 1839-1840 and extensively remodeled in 1901. The front facade features a tetrastyle portico in the Tuscan order. Associated with the courthouse is a late 18th-century jail and office and storage buildings erected in the 1930s. Other notable buildings include the Spottswood Inn (c. 1800), Berea Church (1856), Christ Church (1841), Dabney Farm, J.P.H. Crismond House (c. 1904), Harris House, and Cary Crismond House.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Sendai City Transportation Bureau

38°16′9.4″N 140°51′45.32″E﻿ / ﻿38.269278°N 140.8625889°E﻿ / 38.269278; 140.8625889 Sendai City Transportation Bureau (仙台市交通局, Sendai-shi Kōtsūkyoku) is a public transport organization in Sendai, Japan. The organization operates subways and buses within the city. It was founded in 1926.

## Transport

* Sendai City Bus
** Sendai Airport bus (Discontinued in 2007)
** Loople Sendai (A circle line for tourists)
* Sendai Subway
** Namboku Line
** Tōzai Line
* Sendai City Tram (Discontinued in 1976)