OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eastern pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia

The Eastern pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia depicts the tale of Pelops just before the chariot race wherein he kills the king Oenomaus in order to win the hand of his daughter Hippodamia. The depiction of this chariot race on the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, along with that of the Twelve Labours of Heracles on the metopes of the frieze, relate to the location of the temple in Olympia; the chariot race and Heracles were both believed to have started the tradition of the Olympic Games.
The substantial remains of the pedimental sculptures are now in the Olympia Archaeological Museum.

## Description

In the center stands Zeus watching over Pelops to his right and Oenomaus to his left. Beside them are two female figures, followed by hithe chariots about to be raced on. In the corners of the pediment are male figures, presumably spectators, who are sitting or lying down.

## Location

Olympia is in the northwest portion of the Peloponnese. It was a Panhellenic sanctuary, meaning that it was open to all Greeks regardless of the city-state they were a part of. Olympia was also home of the Olympic Games, a Panhellenic athletic tournament occurring every 4 years wherein a sacred truce was declared among the poleis.

## Mythology

In Greek mythology, Pelops had sought to marry Hippodamia. Her father, King Oenomaus, did not want to marry off his daughter, so he challenged each of her suitors to a chariot race. Before Pelops, he had beaten and killed all of these suitors, for he had immortal horses given to him by his father Ares. Pelops, however, called on Poseidon, his former lover, for assistance, and he gave Pelops a gold chariot with winged horses pulling it. Another common view is that Pelops had bribed Oenomaus's charioteer, Myrtilus, into replacing the bronze linchpins of the chariot with ones made of wax. Afterwards, Pelops kills Myrtilus in order to avoid paying the bribe.
# Pleasant Valley Colony, Montana

Pleasant Valley Colony is a Hutterite community and census-designated place (CDP) in Cascade County, Montana, United States. It is in the eastern part of the county, 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Belt and 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Great Falls.
It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
# N. D. Sundaravadivelu

Neyyadupakkam Duraiswamy Sundaravadivelu (12 October 1912– 12 April 1993), known as N. D. Sundaravadivelu, from a Kondaikatti Vellalar family, was an Indian academic who served as the Vice Chancellor of the University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, from 1969 to 1975, serving for two terms.

## Birth

Sundaravadivelu was born on 12 October 1912 to Saradhambal and Duraiswamy in Neyyadupakkam, a village in present-day Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Legacy

Earlier he served as educational adviser to the government of Tamil Nadu and was Director of Public Instruction for several decades. He was the main architect of the midday meal scheme for schoolchildren introduced during K. Kamaraj's chief ministership. He brought in an "educational revolution" in Tamil Nadu for which he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

## Personal life

On 15 October 1940, Sundaravadivelu married Kanthamma (younger sister of Dravidian movement writer Kuthoosi Gurusamy). The couple had a son named Thiruvalluvan (December 1949 - December 1959).

## Death

He died on 12 April 1993 in Madras (now Chennai).
# Night Fades Away

Night Fades Away is the fifth solo studio album by Nils Lofgren, released in September 1981 through Backstreet and MCA Records. It was produced by Jeffrey Baxter and reached the top 50 in Sweden and the UK, also charting in the top 100 in Australia and the US.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Record Mirror | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
The Boston Globe wrote that "the high voice is familiar and warming, the themes are familiar and cogent, the guitar playing is familiar, fluid and tasteful, but the songwriting is not up to [Lofgren's] early, wondrous standard."
Joe Vigilone of AllMusic wrote that "the LP is more about exploring styles and experimenting than a fully realized musical statement" and "Nils' disheveled five o'clock shadow and torn, stained shirt on the front and back covers give a glimpse of the musical image", finding that "the best moments here are the covers" of Del Shannon's "I Go to Pieces" and the Beatles' "Any Time at All". Vigilone concluded that "the material and production keep Night Fades Away in the shadows, a dilemma for an artist as creative as Nils Lofgren. If only the music inside were as ragged as the cover photo of a star as enigmatic as he is handsome."

## Charts

Chart performance for Night Fades Away :
| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 92 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 22 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 50 |
| US Billboard 200 | 99 |
# Jonathan Chace

Jonathan Chace (July 22, 1829 – June 30, 1917) was a United States representative and Senator from Rhode Island.

## Biography

Born at Fall River, Massachusetts, the son of Harvey Chace and the grandson of Oliver Chace. In 1854, he married Jane C. Moon, and they had three children: Anna H., Elizabeth M. and Susan A. (the latter deceased). He was also the nephew of famed 19th century abolitionist Elizabeth Buffum Chace and had himself been active in the Underground Railroad during his time in Philadelphia, where he operated a dry goods store.
He attended the public schools and Friends' School at Providence. He moved to Central Falls, Rhode Island and engaged in cotton manufacturing; he was a member of the Rhode Island Senate in 1876-1877 and was elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth Congresses and served from March 4, 1881, to January 26, 1885, when he resigned.
Chace was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Henry B. Anthony; he was reelected in 1888 and served from January 20, 1885, to April 9, 1889, when he resigned. While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment (Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses), and sponsored a bill presaging the International Copyright Act of 1891, sometimes referred to as the Chace Act. He was president of the Phoenix National Bank of Providence, Rhode Island, and was interested in several manufacturing enterprises.
Chace died in Providence in 1917, and was interred in the North Burial Ground.
# Eridu, Florida

Eridu is an unincorporated area in Taylor County, Florida and was a rail stop on the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. It was named after Eridanus, the latin name of the river Po.
Eridu was named by J.E. Willoughby, chief engineer of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1926. He also named Iddo, Florida. Eridu was a stop along the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad track. The company filed to decommission it in 1940.
Eridu is in northern Taylor County by the Madison County, Florida border. The State of Florida's photo archives include an image of True Sheats cypress furniture from Eridu. The Eridu Baptist Church was organized in the area.
# Bolton Flats Wildlife Management Area

Bolton Flats Wildlife Management Area is a 455-acre wildlife management area surrounding the Nashua River and Still River in Massachusetts. The Bolton Flats Wildlife Management Area is located in the towns of Bolton, Lancaster and Harvard, and Route 117 crosses through the area. Bolton Flats is a flood plain that was originally named "Intervale" because it is located in a valley between several hills. Birding, canoeing, fishing, hiking and hunting are popular in the area. Various turtles, including the endangered blanding turtle, and rare nesting birds are found in the habitat, and downstream from Bolton Flats is the Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge and Fort Devens Military Reservation.
According to Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, "[t]he flat lowland between the Nashua River and the Still River is called Bolton Flats and is the result of the receded glacial Lake Nashua. The area is protected by the Commonwealth as the Bolton Flats Wildlife Management Area, which is in Harvard, Bolton and Lancaster. At the Bolton entrance to the Bolton Flats Management Area there is a modest early 20th century cape with a gambrel roof barn, owned by the state." The Still River area contains various Native American objects and was the site of brickmaking from colonial times into the nineteenth century. Several nearby brick houses, including the Haynes House (ca. 1820) at 304 Still River Road, were likely constructed using bricks from the Haynes Brickyard on the Still River.

## Image Gallery

* Bolton entrance to the Bolton Flats Management Area with cape and gambrel roof barn
* Still River and BFWMA in Bolton as seen looking north from bridge on Route 117 near Lancaster border
# Tilwezembe

Tilwezembe is an open-pit copper and cobalt mine in Lualaba Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo owned by Katanga Mining, a subsidiary of Glencore. Officially, Glencore has shuttered the mine, but the site is still being used by artisinal miners.

## History

The mine covers an area of 7.64 square kilometres (2.95 sq mi). It has an indicated nine million tonnes of ore with 1.89% copper and 0.60% cobalt. Mining in the Tilwezambe pit has taken place off and on since 1999. At first this was done by the state-owned Gécamines using contract labor.
In March 2004, Dan Gertler International and Beny Steinmetz Global founded a firm named Global Enterprises Corporate (GEC). In 2004 GEC and Gécamines agreed to rehabilitate and operate the Kananga and Tilwezembe mines. The deal was ratified by presidential decree. A joint venture of Katanga Mining (75%) and Gécamines (25%), named DRC Copper and Cobalt Project SARL (DCP SARL) began mining in 2007. In November 2008, Katanga Mining said they had temporarily suspended mining and ore processing at the Kolwezi concentrator due to the depressed price of cobalt.

## Activity since official closure

Around 2010, after the mine was officially shuttered, artisanal miners took over. These miners work with technical support from the Service d’Assistance et d’Encadrement du Small Scale Mining (Small-scale-mining technical assistance and training service - SAESSCAM) and are organised by the Maadini Kwa Kilimo Cooperative (CMKK).

### Working conditions

Working conditions for artisanal miners are appalling, and child labour is common.
Miners sell their ore to the Lebanese company Misa Mining, who has a monopoly on the ore. According to miners at Tilwezembe, miners are not allowed to take ore off-site, under threat of physical violence and imprisonment. Misa Mining resells the ore to the Lebanese Bazano Group.
Misa Mining controls testing of the ore to determine cobalt and copper content, and an investigation in 2011-2012 found evidence that they systematically undervalue the metal content and did not honestly measured the weight of the ore.
Sixty miners died during 2011, making Tilwezembe one of the most dangerous mines in the world. Miners report that Misa Mining covers up the accidents by burying the dead in secret without allowing families to recover their relatives' bodies.
An April 2012 BBC Panorama investigation filmed conditions at the mine, finding some workers there as young as 10. In response to the allegations, Glencore denied any association with the operations on their property, claiming that they make efforts to avoid processing material sourced from artisanal mining.

### Revolt

On December 24 and 25, 2011 miners revolted. A local NGO reported that protestors demanded an end to manipulation of the ore grading, fair monetary exchange rates, and an end to secret burials of dead miners. Police arrested eleven leaders of the miners' revolt, later releasing seven.
# Vyoshenskaya

Vyoshenskaya (Russian: Вёшенская, IPA:), colloquially known as Vyoshki (Russian: Вёшки), is a rural locality (a stanitsa) and the administrative center of Sholokhovsky District of Rostov Oblast, Russia, located in the northern reaches of the Don River on its left bank. Population: 9,261 (2010 Census); 9,317 (2002 Census); 9,578 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

Local tradition asserts that the stanitsa was first mentioned in 1672.. However, a settlement called Veesky in the very same place is marked on a map of Southern Russia from Isaac Massa's book printed in 1638.
During the Russian Civil War in 1919, the Upper-Don Anti-Bolshevists operated from Vyoshenskaya. The Vyoshenskaya Uprising and its leader, Pavel Kudinov, are described in Sholokhov's novel And Quiet Flows the Don. The rebels had withdrawn from the White Army and joined the Bolsheviks, but rose in arms because of the Red Terror. They felt betrayed by the Bolsheviks who had promised that the Upper Don would be spared any military action or decossackization. The counter-revolutionaries then united with the Don Army. The uprising failed as the southern front collapsed. Sholokhov also described the conditions during those years in his collection of short stories Tales of the Don.
Due to the efforts of Sholokhov, a paved road was laid in 1963 between Vyoshenskaya and Millerovo. In 1985, a bridge was built connecting Vyoshenskaya with the stanitsa of Bazkovskaya, on the opposite bank.

## Culture

After Sholokhov's death in 1984, a museum honoring the writer was created. The town has erected many monuments to Sholokhov and the characters from his novel And Quiet Flows the Don.

## Notable people

Vyoshenskaya is the birthplace of the Soviet/Russian novelist Mikhail Sholokhov and the Cossack historian and Crimean War general Nikolay Krasnov.
# 100 Years of Girl Guides

100 Years of Girl Guides is a BBC television documentary. It was shown on the digital television station BBC Four on Sunday 16 August 2009 at 21:00. The programme was presented by Dominic West and followed the story of the Girl Guides from its beginnings up to the centenary in September 2009.
The show interviews a number of former Girl Guides from veterans to such household names as Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson, Kelly Holmes, Clare Short, Kate Silverton and Rhona Cameron. It was directed by Rosalind Bain.
# Crassula alpestris

Crassula alpestris, also known as the sand-coated crassula, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Crassula endemic to the Cape Provinces of South Africa. Crassula alpestris subsp. massonii is a variety of the species, also found in South Africa.

## Description

Crassula alpestris is perennial and grows up to 6 inches tall. The leaves are triangular and around 0.4 inches wide at the base. The flowers are white but sometimes have tints of pink or red.

## Growing

The plant is in UDSA hardiness zone 9b to 11b. Like many other species in the genus, Crassula alpestris is easily suspectable to bug and fungal diseases. Propagation can be done through offsets or leaf cuttings. Generally, full sun to partial shade is recommended and it needs little water and good draining.
# Agostinho Silva

Agostinho F. Silva (born November 5, 1963) is an American politician who is a Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 56th District from 2007 to 2015. As a representative, Silva served on the House Committees on Finance, and Rules. Silva chose not to seek reelection in 2014, and was succeeded by Shelby Maldonado.
# Critical Assembly

Critical Assembly is a sculpture by American artist Jim Sanborn which was displayed at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. in 2003. It included several elements, some actual and some re-created, which were part of the first project at Los Alamos laboratories to design the first atomic bomb.

## Sculpture

Critical Assembly was displayed at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in 2003 during an exhibit entitled "Atomic Time: Pure Science and Seduction." The main part of the sculpture is a three-dimensional representation of components of an atomic bomb. The artwork included a disassembled sphere that had been designed to hold the nuclear payload of plutonium and uranium. Sanborn purchased the blank sphere from prior lab employees who had bought them as surplus after the experiments of the project ceased.
The sculpture was surrounded by black cables which draped underneath eight tables holding different devices used in the research and implementation of the first atomic bomb. The actual cabinet-sized detection equipment used at Los Alamos were also on display. The sounds from Geiger counters could be heard within the room, indicating low levels of radiation coming from four radium wrist watches. On the wall was a blue radium clock dial that was frozen at 5:30 a.m., July 16, 1945, the time of the Trinity blast in Alamogordo, New Mexico. Sanborn himself was born in 1945, in Washington, D.C.

## History

For a number of years preceding the unveiling of Critical Assembly, Sanborn made several trips to Los Alamos, New Mexico. This was the site where the Manhattan Project worked on the world's first atomic bomb. With the assistance of retired scientists, hobbyists, and collectors, he obtained actual lab equipment used in the atomic bomb's research. With this equipment he pieced together a "life-size re-creation of a hypothetical atomic lab."
In 2017, the sculpture was permanently installed at the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History in Albuquerque, NM.

## Critical reception

Blake Gopnik from The Washington Post wrote that "Sanborn's installation brings us face to face, in the most immediate way imaginable, with what it means to make an atom bomb. That may turn out to be the most pressing issue our species will ever face." The Corcoran Gallery of Art curator Jonathan Binstock called the artwork "a unique brew of historical accuracy and aesthetic license."
# Julio González (sport shooter)

Julio González (16 February 1943 – 20 May 2023) was a Salvadoran sports shooter. He competed in the mixed trap event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Aden Lava Flow Wilderness

Aden Lava Flow Wilderness is one of many Wildernesses operated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in New Mexico. It is 25,287 acres (10,233 ha) in size. The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, signed March 12, 2019, designates the Wilderness as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System, protecting approximately 27,673 acres.
Prior to its 2019 designation, it was known as the Aden Lava Flow Wilderness Study Area.
It lies within the Potrillo volcanic field southwest of Las Cruces, and is south of County Road B002. Aden Crater lies at the western side of the lava flow.
# Nuno Xavier

Nuno Xavier Daniel Dias (13 September 1940 – June 1976) was a São Toméan aerospace engineer and politician who served as the first President of the Constituent Assembly after the country's independence from Portugal. He was one of two signatories of the treaty in July 1975 that established São Tomé and Príncipe as an independent nation.

## Biography

Xavier was born on 13 September 1940, in the village of Trindade, on São Tomé Island. He was by profession an aerospace engineer and he worked with the Portuguese Air Force, as São Tomé and Príncipe was at the time a colony of Portugal. He held the distinction of being the first pilot from São Tomé.
Xavier lived for a time in Portugal before returning to São Tomé, where he was an important figure in developing infrastructure. He served in the government as Minister of International Coordination and was the first São Toméan to have the position of head of the country's Civil Aeronautics Service. He led the construction of bridges, roads, and in his position with the Civil Aeronautics Service, he helped expand the runway of the São Tomé International Airport.
Xavier was active in political affairs. At the start of July 1975, parliamentary elections were held for members of the Constituent Assembly and Xavier ran under the MLSTP party, winning a seat. He subsequently was named the legislature's president. A few days later, as president of the Assembly, on 12 July 1975, he signed the treaty with Portuguese officer António Alva Rosa Coutinho that established São Tomé and Príncipe as an independent nation.
Later in 1975, Xavier left his post in the Constituent Assembly to become Minister of Transport and Social Equipment for the Transitional Government. However, in June 1976, while on an "official visit" to Portugal, he was killed when the helicopter he was in crashed in Vila Nova de Gaia. He was 35 at the time of his death.
Xavier had several children, including Marta Dias, who became a singer. A 2011 book on São Tomé and Príncipe's history described Xavier as a "charismatic figure of the people of [São Tomé and Príncipe]" and a "National Hero". On the 47th anniversary of independence, in July 2022, the São Tomé International Airport was renamed in his honour.
# Farish Street Neighborhood Historic District

Farish Street Neighborhood Historic District is a historic district and neighborhood in Jackson, Mississippi, known as a hub for Black-owned businesses up until the 1970s. Named after a family that lived and had businesses on that street for four generations, the street became a flourishing business area after the imposition of legal segregation under Jim Crow.

## History

By 1908 one third of the area of Jackson was black-owned, one third of the houses where blacks lived were black-owned, and half of black families owned their own homes. Sidney Dillon Redmond (1871–1948) reportedly owned some 300 rental homes in the Farish Street Neighborhood Historic District in Jackson. In 1915 the Farish Street neighborhood was well known as a progressive area in Jackson; and Farish Street was home to Trumpet Records, Ace Records, and Speir Phonograph Company. Jackson State University, a historically Black university, was located at the corner of Farish and Griffith for about a year until it moved to its new location. Jessie Lee Garner was a resident of the neighborhood.
The Farish Street neighborhood was added as a historic district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The neighborhood is historically significant as an economically independent black community, and as of 1980 was the largest such community in Mississippi. Most of the properties in the district were built between 1890 and 1930.
A plan to renovate shotgun style homes for low income housing was initiated during the 1990s.
# Brown's Lake Bog

Brown's Lake Bog is a dedicated Ohio state nature preserve owned by The Nature Conservancy. It is one of the few remaining kettle peatlands in the U.S. state of Ohio. It has a kettle lake, kame, and a floating sphagnum moss mat. Public visitation is allowed.
It is located in southwestern Wayne County near the village of Shreve. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1967.