OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mbanga, Cameroon

Mbanga is a town in western Cameroon. Mbanga has 29,732 citizens.

## Transport

The city is a junction station on the western network of Camrail.

## Farming

Mbanga is a small town in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. There are around 60,000 inhabitants. Most are coffee and cocoa farmers.

## Notable people

* Léonard-Claude Mpouma (1938-2019), political figure
# Holiday Inn Records

Holiday Inn Records was an American record label founded by Wayne Foster in 1961. It was initially intended as a creative outlet for Foster and Kemmons Wilson, as an independent business venture. Foster ran the label between 1961 and 1963. Sam Phillips of Sun later ran the label on behalf of Wilson.

## History

In 1961, D. Wayne Foster discovered a musical group named the Roller Coasters. Foster brought the group to the Owen Bradley's Studio in Nashville, Tennessee to record. The group recorded two songs, "Rim Shot, Part 1" and "Rim Shot, Part 2". Foster created Holiday Inn Records to distribute the single.
Holiday Inn Records recorded a number of acts that Foster discovered, and in most cases was involved in the recording sessions, assisted by Neal Matthews Jr. of the Jordanaires. Notable artists signed in the first year include Jimmy Foster, Frank Starr, Kenny Lund, Rusty Curry, Buck Griffin, Stan Daniel, and Tookie Collom.
By 1963, Foster was devoting only a small amount of time to devote to producing records for the label, as he had many other, more profitable business ventures. After producing eleven more records, Foster decided to leave Holiday Inn. This left Wilson needing to find someone to run Holiday Inn Records. He asked his old friend, Sam Phillips, of Sun Records. Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn hotel chain earlier, he later recorded other artists on the Holiday Inn record label for Wilson.
The label's first rock-and-roll single was "Love" by Greg Todd and the Jacks, released in 1968. The first full-length album, also released in 1968, contained 12 songs by Dolly Holiday. Phillips also recorded songs by recording artists including Charlie Feathers, Diane Hall, Lee Adkins, Jerry Dyke, The Climates, Ironing Board Sam, Portrait of Fun, Robert and Randy, Larry Brinkley, Larry and The Accommodations, Gary Ellison, Charlie Freeman, Charlie's Children and Load of Mischief.
# Aquilegia cazorlensis

Aquilegia cazorlensis is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to southeastern Spain.

## Description

Aquilegia cazorlensis is a perennial herb growing to 15–25 cm (6–10 in) in height with branched, grooved stems which can be smooth or hairy. The basal leaves are biternate and have stalks measuring 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) long. The plant produces one to three (rarely up to five) nodding blue flowers with egg-shaped, green-tipped sepals 10–16 mm (0.4–0.6 in) in length. The petals are egg-shaped and 8–9 mm long, with a broad, slightly incurved nectar spur of 6–7 mm length. The anthers are yellow and the stamens extend beyond the end of the petals.

## Taxonomy

The type specimen was collected by the British botanist Vernon Heywood on 1 July 1948 on Pico de Cabañas in the Sierra de Cazorla mountains, and formally described by him in 1954. Although reclassified as a subspecies cazorlensis of the closely related Aquilegia pyrenaica by the Spanish botanists José María Pereda and Manuel Laínz in 1967, A. cazorlensis is now accepted as a separate species in its own right.

### Etymology

The specific epithet cazorlensis is taken from the Sierra de Cazorla to which the species is endemic.

## Distribution and habitat

Aquilegia cazorlensis is endemic to the Sierra de Cazorla in Andalusia, southern Spain. It grows in subalpine limestone screes at altitudes of 1,600–2,000 m (5,200–6,600 ft).

## Conservation

As of December 2024, the IUCN Red List listed Aquilegia cazorlensis as Endangered (EN) worldwide. This status was last reviewed on 1 March 2011, when the population was estimated to be stable at around 1,000 adult plants, all in protected areas. Its endangered status is due to its restricted distribution and threats from grazing by animals and trampling and disturbance by humans.

## Ecology

Aquilegia cazorlensis flowers from June to July.
# 2si 690

The 2si 690 is a family of in-line three cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual ignition, aircraft engines that were designed for ultralight aircraft.
The basic engine was originally designed and produced by JLO-Motorenwerke of Germany and was later acquired by the AMW Cuyuna Engine Company of Beaufort, South Carolina and marketed under the Cuyuna brand name. Later the engine was marketed by Cuyuna under the Two Stroke International (2si) brand. Cuyuna no longer markets engines for aircraft use although the 690 is still in production as an industrial and marine engine.

## Development

The 690 is a conventional three-cylinder engine that weighs 89 lb (40 kg) in its L70 aircraft and marine versions. The aircraft engine features dual capacitor discharge ignition (single in the marine and industrial versions), reed valve porting, tuned exhaust system, three slide venturi-type carburetors, liquid cooling, fuel pumps, a cast iron cylinder liner, ball, needle and roller bearings throughout. The aircraft version was offered with an optional gearbox reduction dive system and a centrifugal clutch. The current industrial and marine version has an available gearbox with ratios of 2.04, 2.65 or 3.06:1. Starting is electric start only.

## Variants
### 690-L70 aircraft engine

    Gasoline aircraft engine with triple carburetors, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6250 rpm, weight 89 lb (40 kg), out of production.

### 690L-70 industrial and marine engine

    Gasoline industrial and marine engine, triple carburetors, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6250 rpm, weight 89 lb (40 kg), electric starter mounted on the accessory cover end. Still in production.

### 690AL-70 industrial and marine engine

    Gasoline industrial and marine engine, triple carburetors, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6250 rpm, weight 89 lb (40 kg), electric starter mounted on the power take-off end. Still in production.

## Applications
### Aircraft

* RagWing RW11 Rag-A-Bond
* RagWing RW19 Stork
* RagWing RW22 Tiger Moth
* Sky Science PowerHawk
* St Andrews Viking
* Viking Aircraft Viking II

## Specifications (690-L70 aircraft engine)

Data from Cliche & 2si

### General characteristics

* Type: Three-cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine
* Bore: 69.5 mm (2.74 in)
* Stroke: 60 mm (2.36 in)
* Displacement: 684 cc (41.7 cu in)
* Length: 21.6 in (549 mm)
* Width: 19.05 in (484 mm)
* Height: 13.9 in (353 mm)
* Dry weight: 89 lb (40 kg)

### Components

* Valvetrain: reed valve porting
* Fuel type: Minimum 92 octane
* Oil system: premixed oil and fuel at 50:1
* Cooling system: liquid cooled
* Reduction gear: optional gearbox

### Performance

* Power output: 70 hp (52 kW) at 6250 rpm
* Fuel consumption: 5.1 US gal/h (19.3 L/h) at 75% power
# Stan Nkwain

Stanislas Nkwain, a national of Cameroon, is a senior United Nations official working for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
From 2003 to 2005, he was Resident Representative of UNDP in Bangui, Central African Republic, which also entailed the functions of Resident Coordinator and, after the country was declared a humanitarian emergency in 2005, that of Humanitarian Coordinator. He was therefore the seniormost UN official in Central African Republic.
He was notable for attracting attention to the humanitarian emergency in the country, which he called "a forgotten emergency".
# Calystegia × pulchra

Calystegia × pulchra, commonly known as hairy bindweed, is a species of morning glory. It is a climbing plant that may exceed three meters in height. The bright pink corolla may be 5 to 7 centimeters and has distinct white stripes. This species is a weedy wildflower which has naturalized in many areas, including much of Europe and is also grown as an ornamental plant.
# Kurdistan Democratic Party/North

Kurdistan Democratic Party/North or Türkiye Kürdistan Demokrat Partisi (TKDP), or Partiya Demokrata Kurdistana Turkiye (PDK-T) (Turkish: Kürdistan Demokrat Partisi/Kuzey; Kurdish: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistan/Bakur), abbreviated KDP/Bakur or PDK/Bakur, is an illegal political party active in Turkey. The aim of the party is to create an independent state for the Kurdish people.

## History

The TKDP was founded as an illegal party in 1965. Prominent co-founders of the Party were Serafettin Elçi and Faik Bucak. In September 1992 it merged with the Ala Rızgari Birlik Platformu, Ulusal Birlik Platformu (Bergeh) to the PDK/Bakur, some groups that had separated from Rızgari and some independents through a Congress of Union. Its original name was Hevgırtın-PDK.
When the Second Congress convened in November 1994, the party changed its name to PDK/Bakur. This was a result of the party taking the geographical scope of its activities into consideration, suggesting that southeastern Turkey is northern Kurdistan.
At its 10th convention in 2013, the party decided it would seek legalization as soon as it becomes legal to use the words "Kurdish" or "Kurdistan" in the name of a party.

## Doctrine

According to its program PDK/Bakur is a "national salvation" party. It has a national democratic character and therefore is open to different views. All points of view that are not fascist, racist, against equality of men and women, brotherhood of peoples and peace can be advanced within the party. Aspiring to become a secular political party open to leftists, liberals and conservatives alike, it is influenced by the rather conservative profile of Massoud Barzani's Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party.
The party demanded an adaptation of the Turkish constitution in the sense that it is accepted that there exist a Kurdish and a Turkish nation within Turkey and refuses the separation of Kurdish nation between different nation-states and renders illegitimate all international arrangements that support this status quo. Besides it also asserted that of the profits gained from the extraction of natural resources in Kurdistan three quarters should be invested in Kurdistan. It states that it aims to create a parliamentary democracy in the part of Kurdistan that lies within Republic of Turkey, make Kurdish people enjoy all rights bestowed on them by international law and create the conditions for a self-determination.

## Designation as a Terrorist Organisation

According to the Counter-Terrorism and Operations Department of General Directorate of Security of Turkey it is one of the 12 active organisations which is considered as a terrorist organization by the Turkish government and one of the three Kurdish separatist organisations. The list refers to the organisation as Kürdistan Demokrat Partisi/Bakur.
# Old Stockholm telephone tower

The Old Stockholm telephone tower (Swedish: Telefontornet) was a metallic structure built to connect approximately 5,500 telephone lines in the Swedish capital of Stockholm. Constructed in 1887, the tower was used until 1913. It was damaged by a fire in 1952 and demolished the following year.

## History

In 1887, Stockholms Allmänna Telefon AB ordered the construction of a tower allowing the connection of about 5,500 overhead telephone lines. The quadrangular metallic structure was 80 metres tall and soon fell out of favour with the local population. The company requested the architect Fritz Eckert to carry out embellishment work, which was when the four turrets were added.
The tower was quickly made obsolete as telephone companies began using underground cables in urban areas. In 1913, underground cabling for telephones was fully completed and the tower no longer served its original purpose. After 1939 it carried advertising for Nordiska Kompaniet. On 23 July 1952 a fire weakened the structure, resulting in its demolition in 1953 on safety grounds.

## Gallery

* The telephone tower in 1891
* Tower seen from up close
* The telephone tower in 1952
* Tower from far away in 1952
# David A. Schlissel

David A. Schlissel has been a Senior Consultant with Synapse Energy Economics since 2000. For 30 years he has worked on complex engineering and economic issues mainly in the field of energy management. This work has ranged from conducting technical investigations, through to presenting expert testimony. Schlissel has undergraduate and advanced engineering degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University, and a law degree from Stanford Law School.

## Recent reports, articles and presentations

* Why a Future for the Nuclear Industry is Risky, 2007 report
* Risky Appropriations: Gambling US Energy Policy on the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, 2007 report
* The Risks of Building New Nuclear Power Plants, U.S. Senate and House of Representative Briefings, April 20, 2007.
* Carbon Dioxide Emissions Costs and Electricity Resource Planning, New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, Case 06-00448-UT, March 28, 2007, with Anna Sommer.
* The Risks of Building New Nuclear Power Plants, Presentation to the New York Society of Securities Analysts, June 8, 2006.
* Conservation and Renewable Energy Should be the Cornerstone for Meeting Future Natural Gas Needs. Presentation to the Global LNG Summit, June 1, 2004. Presentation given by Cliff Chen.
* Comments on natural gas utilities’ Phase I Proposals for pre-approved full cost recovery of contracts with liquid natural gas (LNG) suppliers and the costs of interconnecting their systems with LNG facilities. Comments in California Public Utilities Commission Rulemaking 04-01-025. March 23, 2004.
* "The 2003 Blackout: Solutions that Won’t Cost a Fortune", The Electricity Journal, November 2003, with others.
* FINANCIAL INSECURITY: The Increasing Use of Limited Liability Companies and MultiTiered Holding Companies to Own Nuclear Power Plants, August 2002, with Paul Peterson and Bruce Biewald.
# British Families Education Service

The British Families Education Service (BFES) was an organisation set up by the British Government in 1946 to run schools for the children of British military and government personnel serving in West Germany.
Prior to 1946, Army Education Corps was responsible for the training of teachers (Queen's Army Schoolmistresses) to teach soldiers' children at garrisons. With the end of World War II and the establishment of the British Army on the Rhine as part of the Allied occupation of Germany, personnel were allowed to bring their families over through "Operation Union". This presented a problem for the War Office as these children needed to attend school. BFES was established by the Foreign Office in cooperation with the War Office and Ministry of Education.
The first school officially opened by the BFES was Prince Rupert School, then located at the coastal town of Wilhelmshaven. LEAs were asked to aid in the recruitment of teachers to the newly opened schools in Germany. Two other boarding schools were open during the 1950s: one (Windsor School) at Hamm in Westphalia and another (King Alfred's School) at Plön in Northern Germany. This second school was originally a German naval cadet training centre. During the period 1957–1959, it housed some 700 pupils - half boys, half girls. At the end of the school year in 1959, it was formally handed back to the German Navy.
Over the years, the BFES and its later incarnations opened schools at British Armed Forces bases around the world, such as in Hong Kong, Singapore, Cyprus, Malta, Gibraltar, Mauritius and Malaya. During the early 1970s, BFES became the Service Children's Education Authority, an agency overseen by the British Army. In 1989 it came under a new administration and was renamed Service Children's Schools before adopting its current name, Service Children's Education.
In 2001 the records of the British Families Education Service / Service Children's Education Association were deposited at the Institute of Education, University College London. The papers chart the establishment and development of the BFES. Since then numerous additions have been made to the collection and material is continuously being acquired.
# Defence Business Services

Defence Business Services (DBS) is one of the largest ‘Shared Services Centres’ in Europe and was initially set up to deliver Corporate HR, Payroll, Armed Forces Pensions and Compensation, Finance, Vetting and Information Services across the Ministry of Defence (MOD).

## History

DBS is an organisation within the UK Government's Ministry of Defence and is responsible for providing corporate services to the department. It was established on 4 July 2011 by bringing together several MOD executive agencies.
# Brendan Dowler

Brendan John Dowler is an Australian Paralympian, and coaches wheelchair basketball.

## Personal

Dowler is from Wollongong, New South Wales, has three siblings and is married, with 2 children. He attended the University of Wollongong, earning a degree in IT. He became paraplegic as a result of a spinal tumour. When not coaching wheelchair basketball, he is an IT Manager. '
In 2008, he was working for Pillar Administration. He was still working with the company in 2017, having been taken over by Mercer Administration Services.

## Basketball

Dowler is classified as a 1.0 player. He started playing wheelchair basketball in 1995.

### National team

Dowler first represented Australia in 2001 and has had over 100 caps for the team.

#### Paralympics

Dowler was considered for selection for the 2000 Summer Paralympics but did not make it.
He was part of the silver medal-winning Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He was part of the gold medal-winning Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, for which he received a Medal of the Order of Australia.

### Club basketball

During his club basketball career, Dowler played for and won national titles with both the Wollongong Rollerhawks and the Sydney Razorbacks.
In 2001 and 2003 he was named one of the NWBL's All-Star Five, additionally in 2003 he was also named the NWBL's Low point MVP.
Dowler coached the Wollongong Roller Hawks to the National League Australian National Wheelchair Basketball League (NWBL) in 5 seasons - 2012, 2017, 2018, 2019 & 2022. There was no season in 2020 due to COVID restrictions, and the team was undefeated for the 2021 season that was abandoned with one round remaining, also due to COVID.
Dowler was named the NWBL Coach of the Year for the 2012, 2017 and 2019 seasons.

## Public speaking

Dowler has done public speaking. In November 2008, he and Brett Stibners spoke at the Sydney Business School's annual Town and Gown function.

## Recognition

In 1999, Dowler was awarded a University Blue by the University of Wollongong.
In 2004, Dowler and Tristan Knowles were awarded the title of Illawarra Mercury Sports Star of the Year Award.
In 2008, Dowler, Tristan Knowles, Brett Stibners and Troy Sachs were awarded the title of Illawarra Mercury Sports Star of the Year Award.
In 2022, Dowler was awarded the Coach of the Year at the Illawarra Sports Awards
# Clement Lincoln Bouvé

Clement Lincoln Bouvé (May 27, 1878 – January 14, 1944) was the third Register of Copyrights in the United States Copyright Office. He was the first lawyer to serve as Register, and his administration of the Office was marked by attention to the formalities of United States copyright law, including the creation of a legal staff, the establishment of an Examining Section, and the formation of a Revisory Board.
Bouvé was born May 27, 1878, in Hingham, Massachusetts, and educated at Harvard College and the Harvard Law School. Prior to becoming Register, he worked as Assistant United States District Attorney for Manila, the Panamanian Commission, and as an agent of the United States before the General and Special Claims Commission during boundary discussions with Mexico. He served in the Field Artillery in France during World War I and in the Army of Occupation in Germany, and retired from the United States Army with the rank of Lieutenant colonel. In 1912, Bouvé authored "A Treatise on the Laws Governing the Exclusion and Expulsion of Aliens in the United States," considered to be one of the first authoritative legal works on the subject.
Bouvé was appointed as Register of Copyrights on August 1, 1936. He presided over the Office during its move in 1939 from the south side of the ground floor of the Thomas Jefferson Building to the newly built John Adams Building. He created the Copyright Card Catalog, 1938–1945, the first Copyright Office catalog combining all registration entries, and wrote a 72-page document titled "Letter to the Librarian of Congress concerning Certain Aspects of the Copyright Act of March 4, 1909, in their Relation to the Public Interest and Existing Problems of Copyright Office Administration, with Proposed Amendments."
Bouvé was in ill health when he retired on December 31, 1943. He died weeks later, on January 14, 1944, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
# Battle of San Jacinto (1856)

The Battle of San Jacinto took place on the 14 September, 1856, in Hacienda San Jacinto, Managua, Nicaragua. One hundred and sixty soldiers of the Legitimist Septentrion Army, led by Colonel José Dolores Estrada, fought 300 Nicaraguan filibusters of William Walker, led by Lieutenant Colonel Byron Cole. The filibusters were defeated after four hours of combat, between 7:00 am and 11:00 am.
The filibusters suffered 27 killed, as well as an unknown number wounded (according to Estrada), or 35 killed and 18 captured (according to Lieutenant Alejandro Eva). Nicaraguan losses totaled 28 killed and wounded. The battle marked the end of Walker's expedition to Nicaragua.
The 14th of September, the date of the battle, is celebrated as a national holiday in Nicaragua. A column of 60 Matagalpa Indians, armed with bows and arrows, made a decisive contribution to the expedition's defeat. In 2012, the "Indios Flecheros de Matagalpa" were declared National Heroes of the Battle of San Jacinto by the Congress of the Republic of Nicaragua, which also ordered that statue be erected in their honor.
# Menomonee, Wisconsin

Menomonee used to be a town in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States.

## History

The town was created in December 1839 in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin Territory out of the eastern part of what had previously been the town Lisbon. On January 31, 1846, the town became part of Waukesha County. Portions of the town were incorporated as the village of Menomonee Falls in 1892, the village of Butler in 1913 and the village of Lannon in 1930.
The last remaining parts of the town were annexed by the village of Menomonee Falls in 1958.