OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aboltsy

Aboltsy (Belarusian: Абольцы, romanized: Aboĺcy; Russian: Обольцы, romanized: Oboltsy) is an agrotown in Talachyn District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) west-northwest of Orsha. It serves as the administrative center of Aboltsy selsoviet. In 1994, it had a population of 450.

## History

Aboltsy is first mentioned in 1385 under the name Obolchi (Оболчи) as belonging to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the List of Russian Cities, Far and Near. In the 15th and early 16th century, it was the center of a powiat within the land of Vitebsk. Following the administrative reforms of 1565–1566, it belonged to the county of Orsha within Vitebsk Voivodeship.
Following its incorporation into the Russian Empire, Aboltsy had a population of 265 in 1885.
In 1923, there were 353 Jews living there out of a total population of 382.

### World War II

During World War II, it was under German military occupation from early July 1941 until June 1944.
The Germans established a ghetto on 14 August 1941 and about 150 people or 25 families were placed in two single-story buildings of a local school. On 5 March 1942, news of the mass murder of Jews in Smalyany reached the ghetto, and at midnight, 60 Jews escaped from the school according to survivors' accounts. The number of escapees may be an exaggeration, but it is known that a number of young Jews from the village later fought for partisan units such as the Zaslonov brigade. The ghetto was liquated on 4 June and approximately 100 Jews were shot.

## Geography

Aboltsy is situated 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Talachyn, 116 kilometres (72 mi) from Vitebsk, and nine kilometres (5.6 mi) from the station Lyemnitsa [be].
# Unistalda

Unistalda is a municipality of the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 1,995 (2022 census) in an area of 602.39 km². Its elevation is 361 m. It is located west of the state capital of Porto Alegre and northeast of Alegrete.
# Fryeburg Fair

The Fryeburg Fair is a large agricultural Fair held annually in Fryeburg in the U.S. state of Maine. The fair was first held in March 1851, and in subsequent years has grown to become the state's largest agricultural fair. The fair is a 501(c)(3) organization.
The Fryeburg Fair features livestock shows, harness racing, horse pulling, antique farm and forestry equipment displays and demonstrations, horticultural and culinary contests and displays, a petting zoo, agricultural vendor displays, live musical acts, amusement rides, and food stands. The fair, held over an eight-day period in early October, attracted over 300,000 paid attendees in 2022.

## History

The fair was first organized in 1851 by the West Oxford Agricultural Society, which comprised farmers from ten towns in western Maine. It began in Hiram, Maine in October 1851, and moved between several towns before settling on a location in Fryeburg, eventually locating at its present site in 1885. Around 1888 the Society voted to admit the nearby towns of Conway, NH, Bartlett, NH, Jackson, NH, Chatham, NH and Eaton, NH into their group.
A fire ripped thru the sheep and beef cattle barns on July 10, 2018, completely destroying them and damaging 6 others. The fair was still held that year with exhibitors using temporary housing for their animals. New barns were built and used for the 2019 fair.
The fair was held virtually in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In 2021, the fair hosted a vaccination clinic as part of its festivities.
# Gautam Deb

Gautam Deb is an Indian politician. He served as the Housing Minister in the Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left Front government of West Bengal. He was a MLA, elected from Hasnabad constituency defeating, Rafiqul Islam Mondal of the Trinamool Congress in 2006 and 2001, and of Congress in 1996, Anath Bandhu Mitra of Congress in 1991 and Ananta Roy of Congress in 1987.
In the 2011 Assembly Election of West Bengal he filed his candidature from Dum Dum where he was defeated by Bratya Basu, the Bengali dramatist, director and actor who was a newcomer to politics. He was one of the 26 ministers who lost in this historic defeat of the Left Front government. However, his did not deter Deb who is still fighting against TMC and inspiring many through his speeches.
He is a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of India, and a secretariat member of the party's West Bengal State Committee. On 28 January 2012, he was unanimously elected as the secretary of party's North 24-Parganas District Committee of 69 members, succeeding veteran leader Amitava Bose.
# WKFF

WKFF (102.1 FM, "K-Love") is a radio station broadcasting a contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Sardis, Mississippi, United States, the station is currently owned by Educational Media Foundation.
# Sagbara taluka

'Sagbara is a Town in Sagbara Taluka in Narmada District of Gujarat State, India. It is located 55 km towards South from District headquarters Rajpipla. It is a Taluka headquarter. Its location is at NH-753B (Old SH-13) Ankleshwar-Valia-Netrang-Dediapada-Sagbara up to State Border to Akkalkuva in Maharashtra

## Demographics

Religion
Hindu, Muslim, and also Christians.
Languages
Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi and most of people speaks regional language (Vasava-Adiwasi). Mainly "Vasavi" language is spoken by the people with the surnames of Vasava, Valvi, Vasave, and Naik.

## Important places

Hospitals
* Prakruti Genaeral Hospital
* Jeevandeep (Mission) Dispensary
* Civil Hospital
Schools and Colleges
* J.K. High School (Sagbara-Songadh Road)
* St. Stephen's English Medium School (Selamba-Ghansera Road)
* Waymade English Medium School (Sagbara-Songadh Road)
* Navrachna High School and Higher Secondary School (Mission School) (NH-753B)
* Govt. Arts and Science College (Pankhalla Road).
* Adarsh Niwasi School (SH-88)
* Shri Arun Vidya Mandir
Temple and travel
Devmogra Mataji Tample (Yahamogi)
* Chandshah Vali Baba Dargah
* Hanuman Hill
* Panya Water Fall
* Chopadvav Dam
Trade Center
* Selamba
Banks
* Bank Of Baroda
* State Bank of India
* Bharcuh District Co-op Bank
* The Gujarat State Co-Op
* Agriculture and Rural Development Bank

## Transportation

Sagbara is well connected with National Highway (NH-753B) and State Highway. It is connected with State Transport bus service with Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Bhavnagar, Rajkot, Gandhinagar, Ambaji, Rajpipla, Bharuch, Valsad, Navsari, Bardoli, Jambusar, Mansa, Pawagadh, Halol, Bodeli, Kukarmunda, Nizar, Sogadh, Vyara, Olpad, Palanpur and also with Maharashtra state's cities including Aurangabad, Dhuliya, Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Shirpur, Shahada, Talode, Akkalkuva, Yawal, Chopada, Amalner. The private luxury buses and travels also available for Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Rajkot. Nearest railway station is Ankleshwar (95 km) and nearest airports are Surat (135 km) and Vadodara (145 km).
# Millinocket (CDP), Maine

Millinocket is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising most of the developed land within the town of Millinocket in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 4,466 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Millinocket is located at 45°39′28″N 68°42′21″W﻿ / ﻿45.65778°N 68.70583°W﻿ / 45.65778; -68.70583 (45.658039, −68.705855).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.6 square miles (14.6 km$^2$), of which 5.5 square miles (14.3 km$^2$) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km$^2$), or 2.32%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,190 people, 2,289 households, and 1,551 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 954.7 inhabitants per square mile (368.6/km$^2$). There were 2,673 housing units at an average density of 491.7 per square mile (189.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.52% White, 0.10% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.23% of the population.
There were 2,289 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.69.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,337, and the median income for a family was $40,918. Males had a median income of $41,136 versus $23,289 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,139. About 11.9% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 12.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Continuously variable slope delta modulation

Continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD or CVSDM) is a voice coding method. It is a delta modulation with variable step size (i.e., special case of adaptive delta modulation), first proposed by Greefkes and Riemens in 1970.
CVSD encodes at 1 bit per sample, so that audio sampled at 16 kHz is encoded at 16 kbit/s.
The encoder maintains a reference sample and a step size. Each input sample is compared to the reference sample. If the input sample is larger, the encoder emits a 1 bit and adds the step size to the reference sample. If the input sample is smaller, the encoder emits a 0 bit and subtracts the step size from the reference sample. The encoder also keeps the previous N bits of output (N = 3 or N = 4 are very common) to determine adjustments to the step size; if the previous N bits are all 1s or 0s, the step size is increased. Otherwise, the step size is decreased (usually in an exponential manner, with $\tau$ being in the range of 5 ms). The step size is adjusted for every input sample processed.
To allow for bit errors to fade out and to allow (re)synchronization to an ongoing bitstream, the output register (which keeps the reference sample) is normally realized as a leaky integrator with a time constant ($\tau$) of about 1 ms.
The decoder reverses this process, starting with the reference sample, and adding or subtracting the step size according to the bit stream. The sequence of adjusted reference samples are the reconstructed waveform, and the step size is adjusted according to the same all-1s-or-0s logic as in the encoder.
Adaptation of step size allows one to avoid slope overload (step of quantization increases when the signal rapidly changes) and decreases granular noise when the signal is constant (decrease of step of quantisation).
CVSD is sometimes called a compromise between simplicity, low bitrate, and quality. Common bitrates are 9.6–128 kbit/s.
Like other delta-modulation techniques, the output of the decoder does not exactly match the original input to the encoder.

## Applications

12 kbit/s CVSD is used by Motorola's SECURENET line of digitally encrypted two-way radio products.
16 and 32 kbit/s CVSD were used by military TRI-TAC digital telephones (DNVT, DSVT) for use in deployed areas to provide voice recognition quality audio. 16 kbit/s rates were typically used by US Army forces to conserve bandwidth over tactical links. 32 kbit/s rates were typically used by US Air Force forces for improved voice quality.
64 kbit/s CVSD is one of the options to encode voice signals in telephony-related Bluetooth service profiles; e.g., between mobile phones and wireless headsets. The other options are PCM with logarithmic a-law or μ-law quantization, as well as mSBC codec featuring 16 kHz sample rate and best quality.
Numerous arcade games, such as Sinistar and Smash TV, and pinball machines, such as Gorgar or Space Shuttle, play pre-recorded speech through an HC-55516 CVSD decoder.
# Baykal, Belarus

Baykal (Belarusian: Байкал) is a village in Talachyn District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus, under the administration of the Kokhanovo Settlement Council.
54°27′50″N 29°55′01″E﻿ / ﻿54.4638°N 29.9169°E﻿ / 54.4638; 29.9169
* This Belarus location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Leśniki, Sokółka County

Leśniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchowola, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Suchowola, 34 km (21 mi) north-west of Sokółka, and 56 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
# Robin Williams (writer)

Robin Patricia Williams (born October 9, 1953) is an American educator who has authored many computer-related books, as well as the book Sweet Swan of Avon: Did a Woman Write Shakespeare?. Among her computer books are manuals of style The Mac is Not a Typewriter and numerous manuals for various macOS operating systems and applications, including The Little Mac Book.

## Biography

Williams was born in Berkeley, California. She grew up in San Jose and Fremont, California and graduated from Washington High School in Fremont. After high school, she worked in hospitals and then traveled to Europe for two years. She moved to Santa Rosa, California to attend a graphic design program at Santa Rosa Junior College, and began teaching graphic design at the college in 1981. In 2011, she received an MA degree from Brunel University, London, in Shakespeare Authorship studies, and in 2014 she completed a doctoral dissertation for the same university; her doctorate is on the history (and future) of reading Shakespeare—out loud and in community, with an emphasis on editorial practice.
Williams is a graphic designer, typographer, author, college instructor, and lecturer. She began writing in the 1980s, after teaching graphic design and a course about the Mac computer at a California community college. She has taught Shakespeare at Santa Fe Community College and leads the Shakespeare Close Readers reading and discussion groups about individual plays. She has been a leader in the New Mexico Internet Professionals Association and the Santa Fe Mac Users Group. She is a founder of the Mary Sidney Society and iReadShakespeare.
She has three children she raised as a single mother, including while working as a part-time instructor at Santa Rosa Junior College.

## Writings

She has written, designed, indexed, and produced more than seventy computer-related books, and by 2005, many of her books had been translated into twenty-three languages. Some of her early works include The Little Mac Book and The Mac is Not a Typewriter. By 2002, The Little Mac Book had published its eighth edition. By 2005, she had published 51 books about Mac computers.
Williams has spent years studying William Shakespeare, and in 2006 issued her book Sweet Swan of Avon: Did a Woman Write Shakespeare? in which she presented evidence in support of the theory that the writer Mary Sidney is the author of Shakespeare's work. Mary Sidney was first proposed as an authorship candidate as part of a group theory by Gilbert Slater in 1931.
# Barnard (disambiguation)

Barnard is a given name and family name.
Barnard may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Barnard Island Group National Park, a national park in Queensland

### Canada

* Mount Barnard (Alsek Ranges), aka Boundary Peak 160, a mountain on the British Columbia-Alaska border
* Mount Barnard (Canada), a mountain on the British Columbia-Alberta border/Continental Divide in the Canadian Rockies
* Barnard Island, an island in the Estevan Group on the North Coast of British Columbia

### United Kingdom

* Barnard Castle, a castle and its surrounding town in Teesdale, County Durham, England
* Barnards Green, a popular district centre in Great Malvern, Worcestershire, England

### United States

* Barnard, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Barnard, Kansas, a city
* Barnard, Michigan, an unincorporated community
* Barnard, Missouri, a city
* Barnard, South Dakota, an unincorporated community
* Barnard, Vermont, a town
* Mount Barnard (Alsek Ranges), aka Boundary Peak 160, a mountain on the Alaska-British Columbia border
* Mount Barnard (California), a mountain in California

## Astronomy

* Barnard Catalogue, a list of dark nebulae compiled by Edward Emerson Barnard
* Barnard's Loop, an emission nebula in the constellation of Orion
* Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822), a barred irregular galaxy
* Barnard's Star, a red dwarf
* Comet Barnard, name of 17 comets discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard

## Other uses

* Barnard (cyclecar)
* Barnard (lunar crater)
* Barnard (Martian crater)
* Barnard College, of Columbia University, an American independent college of liberal arts and sciences for women
* Barnard's Express, or B.X. Express, a pioneer freight and stagecoach firm in British Columbia
* Barnard's Inn, the current home of Gresham College in Holborn, London, England
* HMS Barnard Castle (renamed Empire Shelter), a Castle-class corvette of the Royal Navy (1944 – 1955)
# WKHC

WKHC (97.1 FM) is a contemporary Christian radio station licensed to Hatteras, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The station is owned by Educational Media Foundation.

## History

WKHC started in 1989 as soft adult contemporary "The Wind 97.1", WYND-FM. In 2000, the station became Country WNHW. In 2003, Soft AC WYND-FM returned to 97.1. In 2006, Convergent Broadcasting LLC sold WYND-FM, WFMZ, WVOD and WZPR to CapSan Media LLC. On October 31, 2006 at Noon, WYND-FM and WZPR both dropped Soft AC for Country later branded as "Wilbur 92.3 & Orville 97.1".
In late 2002, Convergent had purchased these two stations from OBX Broadcasting. In April 2006, CapSan Media announced it had signed an Asset Purchase Agreement to purchase WZPR/WYND-FM along with sister stations WVOD and WFMZ from Convergent Broadcasting, LLC. On July 6, 2006, CapSan Media completed the purchase of all four stations.
On March 13, 2008, Capsan Media ended its Country simulcast and flipped the 92.3 frequency to sports as "ESPN 92.3." and WYND-FM became Your Country 97.1.
On May 11, 2009, WYND-FM changed their format to sports as sister station WZPR was simulcasting WFMZ 104.9 FM.
Hengooch, LLC bought WYND-FM, WVOD, and WZPR/WFMZ in 2010 for $200,000. Hengooch sold WYND-FM to EMF Broadcasting for $1 effective September 1, 2013. On September 1, 2013, WYND-FM changed their format to EMF's K-Love contemporary Christian format.
On February 5, 2019, the station changed its call sign to WKHC.

## Previous logo

(Former simulcast WZPR's logo)
# John Nicholson (New York politician)

John Nicholson (1765 – January 20, 1820) was a United States representative from New York. Born in Herkimer, he received a limited education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar and practiced. He held various local offices and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eleventh Congress, holding office from March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1811. In 1820 he died in Herkimer.
# Petronila

Petronila may refer to:
* Petronila of Aragon (1136–1173), Queen Regent of Aragon (1164–1173)
* Petronila, Texas, a municipality in southern Texas
* Petronila Creek, a small river near Petronila, Texas
* Spanish frigate Petronila, a Spanish Navy screw frigate in commission from 1858 to 1863
# Shopper (song)

"Shopper" is a song by South Korean singer-songwriter IU, released as the third single from her extended play (EP), The Winning, on February 20, 2024. It was written by IU, Lee Jong-hoon and Lee Chae-gyu and produced Lee Jong-hoon and Lee Chae-gyu.

## Background

"Shopper" was released alongside IU's extended play (EP), The Winning, on February 20, 2024. Written by IU, Lee Jong-hoon and Lee Chae-gyu and produced by Lee Jong-hoon and Lee Chae-gyu, it serves as one of the three singles released in support of the record.

## Composition and lyrics

GMA Network noted that the lyrical content of "Shopper" consists of "reaching dreams and desires while living life to the fullest." Rhian Daly of NME characterized the song as a "crisp piece of aspirational synth-pop", with lyrics revolving around the notion of pursuing desires "no matter how impossible they seem."

## Music video

A teaser for the music video of "Shopper" was released on February 13, 2024. It features appearances from Korean-Australian musician DPR Ian, who also directed the video. The visual opens with narration from DPR Ian, who explains the presence of an "extraordinary" shop that sells items that contain magic powers.

## Release history

Release history for "Shopper" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | February 20, 2024 | Digital downloadstreaming | Edam | |
# Abijah Mann Jr.

Abijah Mann Jr. (September 24, 1793 – September 6, 1868) was an American politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1833 to 1837.

## Early life

Born in Fairfield, New York, Mann attended the common schools. He engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was a justice of the peace. He was appointed by President Andrew Jackson as Postmaster of Fairfield and served from May 28, 1830, to January 16, 1833. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1828, 1829, 1830 and 1838.

### Congress

Mann was elected as a Jacksonian to the 23rd and 24th United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1833, to March 3, 1837.

### Later career and death

He moved to New York City. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Attorney General of New York at the New York state election, 1855. He was a delegate to the Republican state convention in 1856. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the State Senate in 1857.
He died in Auburn, New York, September 6, 1868.
State Senator Charles A. Mann (1803–1860) was his brother; Dr. Matthew Derbyshire Mann (1845–1921) was his nephew.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "Abijah Mann Jr. (id: M000099)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byNathan Soule | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 16th congressional district 1833–1837 | Succeeded byArphaxed Loomis |
# Terry Dobson

Terry Dobson may refer to:
* Terry Dobson (aikidoka) (1937–1992), American aikido pioneer, aikido teacher, and writer
* Terry Dobson (singer) (born 1952), British musician; founding member of the pop band Black Lace
# WKHG

WKHG (104.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a hot adult contemporary format. Licensed to Leitchfield, Kentucky, United States, the station is currently owned by Heritage Media of Kentucky, Inc., and features programming from Fox News Radio and Fox Sports Radio.

## History

The station signed on the air as WMTL-FM on October 29, 1967. It first served as a full-time FM repeater of sister station WMTL for its first 11 years on the air. In 1978, the station became a separate entity when the FM station's callsign was changed to the current WKHG, renamed for Judge Kenneth H. Goff, then-president of Rough River Broadcasting, and began broadcasting its current hot adult contemporary format.
In 1994, both WKHG and WMTL were acquired by the current owners, Heritage Media of Kentucky.
From 1999 until 2012, the station also broadcast the NFL's Tennessee Titans football games from the Tennessee Titans Radio Network.

## Programming

In addition to its usual hot AC music playlist, WKHG, along with sister station WMTL are also the main radio outlets of Grayson County High School football and boys' and girls' basketball game broadcasts. WKHG also broadcasts Kentucky Wildcats football and men's basketball games from the UK Sports Network. Syndicated programming includes AT40 with Ryan Seacrest on Saturday afternoons and The Jim Brickman Show on Sunday mornings.
# Stictonaclia myodes

Stictonaclia myodes is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville in 1832. It is found on Madagascar.