# Evan Cotton

Harry Evan Auguste Cotton CIE (27 May 1868 – 7 March 1939), better known as Evan Cotton or H. E. A. Cotton, was a Liberal politician, barrister, administrator, journalist, historian and writer.

## Formative years

The son of Henry Cotton, who presided over the 1904 session of the Indian National Congress, and the Irish-born Mary Ryan, he was born at Midnapore, where his father was then posted. He had his early schooling at Mount Liban School, Pau and then at Sherborne School.
He held an open scholarship at Jesus College, Oxford, where he obtained a second class in Classics Honour Mods, followed by second class degrees in history and jurisprudence. He was called to the bar by Lincoln's Inn.

## Professional life

Cotton practised at Calcutta High Court from 1893 to 1908. He served as a member of Calcutta Municipal Corporation. He covered the Delhi Durbar of 1903 as a correspondent of the Manchester Guardian. He subsequently served as the Kolkata correspondent of the Daily News. He undertook the editorship of India, the weekly organ of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress. He served as President of the Bengal Legislative Council from 1922 to 1925. He was an active member of the Indian Historical Records Commission and was chairman from 1923 to 1925.

## Politics

Evan returned to England in 1906 and joined the Liberal Party. His father was himself a Liberal MP who sat for Nottingham East from 1906 to 1910. In January 1910, Evan contested the General Election at the Conservative seat of Dulwich;
General Election January 1910: Dulwich Electorate 16,478 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Bonar Law | 8,472 | 58.3 | +3.0 |
| | Liberal | Harry Evan Auguste Cotton | 6,054 | 41.7 | −3.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,418 | 16.6 | +6.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 88.2 | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | +3.0 | |
In March 1910 he was elected as a Progressive Councillor to the London County Council representing Finsbury East;
London County Council election, 1910: Finsbury East Electorate :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Progressive | Y Henry Evan Auguste Cotton | 2,026 | 27.9 |
| | Progressive | Y George Masterman Gillett | 2,020 | 27.8 |
| | Municipal Reform | Lord Hardwicke | 1,616 | 22.3 |
| | Municipal Reform | Rev. J Lewthwaite | 1,592 | 21.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| | Progressive gain from Municipal Reform | Progressive gain from Municipal Reform | Swing | |
The Progressives were the local government arm of the Liberal Party. In March 1913 he was re-elected to the LCC;
London County Council election, 1913: Finsbury East Electorate 6,498 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive | Y George Masterman Gillett | 2,037 | 26.2 | −1.6 |
| | Progressive | Y Henry Evan Auguste Cotton | 2,026 | 26.1 | −1.8 |
| | Municipal Reform | Eustace Widdrington Morrison-Bell | 1,866 | 24.0 | +1.7 |
| | Municipal Reform | William George Perring | 1,837 | 23.7 | +1.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | | |
| | Progressive hold | Progressive hold | Swing | | |
| | Progressive hold | Progressive hold | Swing | | |
In July 1918, when a vacancy occurred due to the death of a Liberal MP, for the parliamentary seat of Finsbury East. Cotton was an obvious candidate to defend the seat for the Liberal Party. Due to the wartime electoral truce, he did not face an official Unionist Party opponent and was comfortably elected;
1918 Finsbury East by-election: 16 July 1918 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Harry Evan Auguste Cotton | 1,156 | 59.9 | +8.3 |
| | Independent | Capt. H.S. Spencer | 576 | 29.8 | n/a |
| | Independent | A.S. Belsher | 199 | 10.3 | n/a |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 580 | 30.1 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 38.7 | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |
Following boundary changes, Evan's Finsbury East seat was merged with the Unionist seat of Finsbury Central to form a new Finsbury constituency. The Coalition Government chose to publicly endorse the Unionist candidate who was the sitting MP for the old Central seat. This endorsement made Evan's prospects difficult and after only 5 months as an MP he was defeated;
General Election 1918: Finsbury Electorate 34,873 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Coalition Conservative | Martin Archer-Shee | 8,782 | 63.8 | n/a |
| | Liberal | Harry Evan Auguste Cotton | 4,981 | 36.2 | n/a |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,801 | 27.6 | n/a |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 13,763 | 39.5 | n/a |
| | Coalition Conservative win | Coalition Conservative win | Coalition Conservative win | Coalition Conservative win | Coalition Conservative win |
In 1919 he did not defend his Finsbury East seat on the London County Council as after the election he was appointed as an Alderman.

## Estimate of the person

In all his activities, his primary concern was for India, a country served by four generations in the family. He provided strong support to the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms and served on an advisory committee at the India Office in connection with the 1919 Act. He was pivot of a small group that supported reforms. However, the changing political environment dampened his spirits. He later became a severe critic of the constitutional changes that led to the Round Table Conference.

## Marriage

In 1896, he married Nora, daughter of William H. Grimley of Bengal ICS. They had a daughter.

## Works

Calcutta: Old and New, The Century in India 1800–1900, Hartly House, Calcutta, Murray's Handbook of India, Burma and Ceylon (13th and 14th editions)