OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gamla Synagogue

The Gamla synagogue is an ancient former Jewish synagogue, located in the ancient Jewish city of Gamla on the western slope of the Golan Heights, approximately 18 km (11 mi) northeast of Lake Kinneret, in Israel. The synagogue was built between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE.
It is the oldest synagogue discovered to date. It was found by archaeologist Shmarya Guttman in 1976.

## History

The synagogue was discovered during archaeological excavations from 1976 to 1978 in the eastern part of the city of Gamla. It adjoined the outer fortress wall.
The synagogue was built of dressed stone and had a rectangular plan of 25.5 by 17 m (84 by 56 ft). It is characterized by columned passages and a surrounding Doric colonnade with heart-shaped corner columns. The entrance to the synagogue was through double doors located on the southwest side.
There were four rows of stone benches along the walls. Pillars in the center of the hall supported the roof. This layout of the hall is typical of synagogues in Galilee. In the courtyard, wide steps led down to the mikveh. Although most synagogues were built with their doors facing Jerusalem, the Gamla synagogue had its door facing southeast, probably due to the difficult terrain.
The synagogue was destroyed by the Romans (67 CE) and the site was not inhabited after that.
The synagogue, which was in use until the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE), is an important piece of historical debate about the earliest date of synagogue construction. It was previously thought to have been built in the 1st century BCE. It is the oldest synagogue in Israel. Steven Fine believes that it was built after 40 BCE. In 2012, Uri Zvi Maoz challenged these dates, believing that the synagogue was built around 50 CE. The mikvah, in his opinion, was made only in 67, and was a water cistern earlier.
As part of the reconstruction, scientists created a three-dimensional model of the Gamla synagogue.
# Shaaban Sakhafi

Shaaban Sakhafi (Hebrew: שעבן סקחפי, Arabic: شعبان سكحفي; 1961 - 11 July 1985) was an Israeli Paralympic wheelchair basketball player and a sportsman in disabled sports. He was the first Arab to represent Israel in the Paralympic Games, in 1980.

## Career

At the 1975 national championship for para swimming, Sakhafi won three medals: gold in the 50 metre backstroke event, gold in the 50 metre front crawl event and a silver medal in the 50 metre breaststroke event.
Sakhafi was a member of Israel Sports Center for the Disabled and in 1979 won the first snooker tournament held at the center.
At the 1979 national championship for para table tennis, he ranked first place for disability class 2.
Sakhafi was a member of Israel men's national wheelchair basketball team and took part in the basketball tournaments at the 1980 Summer Paralympics and the 1984 Summer Paralympics. In 1980, the Israeli team ranked first and achieved the gold medal.
On 11 July 1985 Sakhafi was electrocuted in his work place and died at the age of 24. The ILAN basketball team of Jaffa was renamed ILAN Shaaban Jaffa in his memory.
# Ērgļi

Ērgļi is a small town in the Ērgļi Parish of Madona Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia on the banks of the Ogre river. It serves as the administrative center for Ērgļi Parish. Ērgļi had 2,769 residents as of 2017.

## History

Ērgļi castle on Ogre river was one of the largest castles of Latgale. From 1211 the area belonged to the Order of the Brothers of the Sword and later to the Archdiocese of Riga. The first written mention of a castle was in 1334. After the Livonian War, the area fell to Poland-Lithuania then to Sweden and 1721 to Russia.
The village was built around the estate Erlaa and had in 1931 331 inhabitants. During the Second World War, the village was in the combat zone in 1944 and was completely destroyed. In the postwar period, the place grew by settlement of industry.
Until 2009, the town was the terminus of the Riga-Ērgļi railway. Railway service was provided 9 times a week until October 2007, leaving everyday at about 3.40 and leaving on rest days also at about 13.00, the Railway was then removed.

## Twin towns

* Kölln-Reisiek, Germany
# Pfitschigogerl

Pfitschigogerl (also: Fitschigogerl) is Austrian slang for a children's game that is a form of table soccer (foosball) played with coins and rulers.
# Menesia bipunctata

Menesia bipunctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zoubkov in 1829, originally under the genus Saperda. It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia. It measures between 6 and 9 mm (0.24 and 0.35 in). It feeds on Juglans regia and Frangula alnus.

## Varietas

* Menesia bipunctata var. quadripustulata Mulsant, 1863
* Menesia bipunctata var. perrisi Mulsant, 1856
# Visakhapatnam railway station

Visakhapatnam Junction (station code: VSKP) is an important railway station located in Visakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It has eight platforms with 508 trains passing by everyday. It is on the Howrah–Chennai main line and is being operated by East coast Railway. It may be administered under the South Coast Railway zone by Indian Railways after some time. Originally named the Waltair railway station, it was founded in 1896. It was renamed as Visakhapatnam junction in 1987.

## History

From 1893 to 1896, 1,287 km (800 mi) of track, covering the coast from Cuttack to Vijayawada, were built by Bengal Nagpur Railway (later South Eastern Railway). The station was founded as Waltair railway station in 1896, and Bengal Nagpur Railway's line to Cuttack was opened on 1 January 1899. In 1902, the company took over the 514 km (319 mi)-long northern portion of the East Coast line to Cuttack, including the branch line to Puri. The southern part was subsequently merged with Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway.

## Routes

Visakhapatnam has been a busy station since it was part of the East Coast Railway zone to today. Platforms are not always available for incoming trains, and the average train's halt period is at least 20 minutes.
If a train is late, trains after it are stopped at Duvvada or Vizianagaram. The Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) system is an arrangement of signal apparatus, preventing conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings. It is a cause for trains being delayed after they pass through Duvvada.
Over 5,000 people per day travel between Visakhapatnam and Secunderabad, which are connected by over 18 trains, including the newly inaugurated Visakhapatnam - Secunderabad Vande Bharat Express. Another route, the Hyderabad–Visakhapatnam Godavari Express of the South Central Railway, passes into Visakhapatnam.

## Infrastructure

Visakhapatnam station's area is 103,178 m$^2$ (1,110,600 sq ft). There are eight platforms, most of which are the same size, and all of the tracks are broad-gauge and electrified.
The station features escalators and a bus station. A majority of platforms are wheelchair-friendly and accessible via ramp.
Over 200 employees work in the station.

### Amenities

There are Wi-Fi facilities and a 'fun zone' for children. The east and west terminals are equipped with reservation counters.

### Sheds

The Diesel Loco Shed at Visakhapatnam is the largest of Indian Railways, with a capacity to accommodate 300 diesel locomotives. The Electric Loco Shed can accommodate 297 locomotives.

## Environmental work

Visakhapatnam has been named the cleanest railway station in the country by the Quality Council of India and earned a platinum rating for being environmentally friendly from the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC).
# A. K. C. Natarajan

A. K. C. Natarajan (born 30 March 1931) is a carnatic music clarinet player. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 2008. He received a Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1994. He was bestowed with the title Nadha Dweepa Kalanidhi by Nadhadweepam Trust, Tiruchirappalli. He learnt vocal music from Alathur Venkatesa Iyer and his nagaswaram teacher was Iluppur Natesa Pillai, brother of the thavil maestro Iluppur Panchami. In 2022, Natarajan was awarded a Padma Shri, the fourth-highest honour that can be bestowed upon a civilian in India, for contribution in the arts.
# SmartTrade Technologies

smartTrade Technologies is a French financial software company that provides technology to financial institutions. Smart Trade develops software and provides software as a service for matching for equities, fixed income, and forex trades, an FX eCommerce and single dealer platform, an OTC and derivatives dealing systems, commodities dealing platform (including precious metals), and a Smart Order Routing system.
The company has its headquarters in Aix-en-Provence Southern France, with subsidiaries in London, Geneva, Milan, Istanbul, New York City, Singapore, Toronto and Tokyo.

## History

Harry Gozlan and David Vincent created smartTrade in 1999. They became Chairman of the board and CEO of the company respectively.
In 2020, Hg Capital, a European investment firm, invested in the company by buying stakes from early investors Keensight Capital and Pléiade Venture.
In November 2021, smartTrade acquired Canadian TickTrade Systems.

## Products

* LiquidityCrosser
* LiquidityOrchestrator
* LiquidityDistributor
* LiquidityAggregator
* LiquidityConnect
* LiquidityFX
* smartFI
* smartAnalytics
* Crypto's
# Georges Patient

Georges Patient (born 1 April 1949) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the territory of French Guiana. Since 2017, he has been affiliated with the La République En Marche (LREM) parliamentary group. He previously served as the mayor of Mana from 1989 to 2017.

## Honours

* : Chevalier du Mérite agricole (2000)
* : Chevalier de l’Ordre national du Mérite
# Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba

Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Ventimiglia, 15th Duke of Alba, GE (3 June 1821, Palermo, Sicily – 10 July 1881, Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish nobleman. He was a brother-in-law of Napoleon III through his wife, sister of Empress Eugenie.

## Biography

He was the son of Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Alba and Rosalia Ventimiglia dei Principi di Grammonte. He married at Madrid, on 14 February 1848 María Francisca Portocarrero-Palafox y KirkPatrick, 12ª Duchess of Peñaranda de Duero and daughter of Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero. They had three children:
* Carlos Maria Fitz-James Stuart y Portocarrero-Palafox, 16th Duke of Alba, a.k.a. Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba, born 4 December 1848.
* María de la Asuncion Fitz-James-Stuart y Portocarrero-Palafox, 3rd Duchess of Galisteo, born 17 August 1851.
* María Luisa Fitz-James Stuart y Portocarrero-Palafox, 19ª Duchess of Montoroso, born 19 October 1853.

## Titles, styles, honours and arms
### Titles

The co-lateral titles of this 15 Duke of Alba were:
* 15th Duke of Alba
* 13th Duke of Huéscar
* 8th Duke of Berwick
* 8th Duke of Liria and Jérica
* 8th Duke of Montoro
* 11th Count-Duke of Olivares
* 11th Marquess of Elche
* 14th Marquess of Villanueva del Río
* 13th Marquess of Carpio
* 15th Count of Gelves
* 18th Count of Modica
* Órdenes
* Great Cross of the Portuguese Order of N.S. da Conceição de Vila Viçosa (188) - 1868.
# Villa Montfeld

The Villa Montfeld is an historic residence in the El Biar district of Algiers, Algeria, which serves as the residence of the Ambassador of the United States to Algeria. The villa was built in the mid-19th century and was reconstructed in a Moorish Revival style by the English architect Benjamin Bucknall between 1878 and 1895. In 1947 the villa was bought by the United States government for use as an ambassadorial residence. In 1981 Villa Montfeld hosted negotiations leading to the Algiers Accords, which ended the Iran hostage crisis.

## History and description

The original mansion at Montfeld was built by French investors after France's invasion in 1830. From the 1860s, it was owned by a succession of British expatriates including, from 1863, Anna Leigh Smith, daughter of Benjamin Leigh Smith, a wealthy politician. Anna, whose sister Barbara Bodichon was a noted artist and feminist, was responsible for the rebuilding of the villa, initially in a Gothic Revival style. In 1878 she engaged the architect Benjamin Bucknall (1833-1895) to reconstruct the villa to a Moorish Revival design. Bucknall, who had wintered in Algiers in 1876-7 on account of his poor health, relocated permanently to the city in 1878. He died there in 1895, having established a successful architectural practice specialising in the building and reconstruction of villas in the Moorish style.
During World War II the villa was occupied by General Georges Catroux, appointed Governor-General of Algeria by Charles De Gaulle in 1943. Harold Macmillan, then serving as Minister Resident in the Mediterranean, recorded the Catroux's arrival; "Now a great event has taken place in the social life of Algiers. The famous Mme Catroux has arrived!! Catroux - I need hardly say - has managed to get the best villa in the city for himself." After the war, Villa Montfeld was purchased by the American Government for use as their ambassadorial residence, a function it continues to serve.
The Villa was later owner by Robert Bevan, son of Thomas Bevan (politician).
In 1980-81, the villa was used by Warren Christopher, the US Deputy Secretary of State under Jimmy Carter, as his headquarters during the negotiation of the Algiers Accords. The accords, facilitated by the Algerian Government and signed on the last evening of Carter's Presidency on 19 January 1981, brought the end of the Iran hostage crisis.
The Villa Montfeld is listed on the Register of Culturally Significant Property, an archive complied by the United States Department of State as a commemorative Millennium project to record the buildings of historic and architectural importance owned by the State Department worldwide. In a speech in 2017 acknowledging the inclusion, the American ambassador noted the “very important role” played by the villa in US diplomatic history.
# Fort Chepe

Fort Chepe was a fort established in 1603 by Governor Alonso de Ribera on Cerro de Chepe (Chepe Hill) west of Concepcion, Chile on the north bank of the Bio Bio River. It was built to defend the crossing of the Bio Bio River at this point near the mouth of the river, and of the road to old Concepcion. During the Chilean War of Independence guns on these heights opposed the naval landing of the Royalist force of Antonio Pareja on March 27, 1813, and also was a factor in later battles west of Concepcion.

## Sources

* Francisco Solano Asta Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, SEGUNDA EDICIÓN CORREGIDA Y AUMENTADA, NUEVA YORK, D. APPLETON Y COMPAÑÍA. 1899. pg. 227 Chepe (Cerro de)
36°48′45″S 73°03′45″W﻿ / ﻿36.8125°S 73.0625°W﻿ / -36.8125; -73.0625
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# Softball at the 1987 Pan American Games

Softball was contested by participating nations at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Canada | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Puerto Rico | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Cuba | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's | Canada | United States | Cuba |
| Women's | United States | Puerto Rico | Canada |
* This softball competition-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Amy Bull

Amy Maud Bull, MBE or Amy Hicks (16 July 1877 – 11 February 1953) was a British teacher and suffragist.

## Life

Bull was born in Great Holland Hall in 1877. She went to Girton Hall where she won a prize every year until she obtained a first degree in classics in 1899. She was a lecturer at Westfield College in 1900–1901, then taught at Belvedere High School, Liverpool (1901–1904) and was a fellow at Bryn Mawr College (1904–1905).
Amy's mother, Lilian Hicks, had been associated with the suffrage cause since Amy was a young girl. They were both members by 1902 of the Central Society for Women's Suffrage and they were soon joining celebrations of civil disobedience in pursuit of their cause. By 1907 they were both in the Women's Freedom League and Amy was serving as a secretary. Amy was imprisoned for three weeks for obstruction that year.
In about 1909 the Women's Freedom League published a postcard which featured Lilian Hicks. She and her mother were arrested on Black Friday on 18 November 1910.
Bull was a member of the Women's Tax Resistance League which sought to resist paying tax to a government that only men had voted for. In 1912 she was smashing West End shop windows as part of a Women's Social and Political Union demonstration. She was sentenced in March 1912 and she was jailed for four months during which time she went on hunger strike and was force fed. She and Sylvia Pankhurst founded the East London branch of the Women's Social and Political Union on 27 May 1913 and in the same year her mother was secretary of the Hampstead United Suffragists.
The first World War started in 1914 and Bull served in the Women's Volunteer Reserve which had been founded by suffragettes to help the war effort.
She married John Major Bull on 4 August 1927. She went on be a rural district councillor and to lecture on home produced food to meetings of Women's Institutes. She was awarded an MBE in 1948.
Bull died in Little Baddow in 1953.
# Tomás Martínez

Tomás Martínez Guerrero (21 December 1820 – 12 March 1873) was the President of Nicaragua between 15 November 1857 and 1 March 1867. From 24 June 1857 to 19 October or 15 November 1857, he acted jointly as the 2nd president in a dual junta with the Liberal Máximo Jerez formed on 23 January.
He was born in Nagarote, son of Joaquín Martínez and María Guerrero Mora. He was put in power by the other Central American countries after they drove out William Walker in 1857. His main task as President was to restore order following the civil war. A member of the Conservative Party, he began a period of 35 years of conservative rule in Nicaragua.
He died in León, Nicaragua.
# Nahuel Losada

Nahuel Hernán Losada (born 17 April 1993) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the Primera Nacional club Lanús.

## Career

He was born on 17 April 1993 in Berisso, in the Province of Buenos Aires. He made the lower divisions in the Estudiantes de La Plata. With no place in the Estudiantes team, he was loaned to Unión de Mar del Plata for the whole of the 2015 season.

## Honours

Belgrano
* Primera Nacional: 2022
# Mountain Home Commercial Historic District

The Mountain Home Commercial Historic District encompasses the historic central business district of Mountain Home, Arkansas, the county seat of Baxter County. The district is centered on the Baxter County Courthouse, and is bounded on the north by East 5th Street, the south by East 9th Street, the east by South Street, and the west by South Hickory Street. Most of the buildings in this area are commercial structures, one or two stories in height, of masonry construction. They are generally vernacular in style, and most were built in one of two periods: between about 1900 and 1920, after the arrival of the railroad, and in the 1950s, when the city experienced another major period of growth. The oldest building is the 1892 Baker Building at 601-603 Baker Street.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
# WSRW (AM)

WSRW (1590 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Hillsboro, Ohio, United States, WSRW is branded as "WSRW 101.5," utilizing the frequency of their FM translator, W268CC (101.5 FM), also licensed to Hillsboro. WSRW, also known as The Highland Broadcasting Company, was owned and operated by Thomas and Susan Archibald for over 43 years, and eventually sold in 2000. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and features programming from their Premium Choice network and Premiere Radio Networks.
Prior to December 26, 2015, WSRW operated as a full-time simulcast of WCHO-FM as "Buckeye Country 105.5."
Willard Parr - then a sergeant with the Hillsboro police department - joined WSRW as it was still being built in January 1956, and was the first voice heard as the station began broadcasting that July 17.
Cleveland-area radio broadcaster Chuck Collier, a Hillsboro native, began his broadcast career at WSRW. Collier later voice-tracked for WSRW's previous classic country format before his death in October 2011.
* WSRW radio station located south of Hillsboro, Ohio. Once nicknamed "The Little Red Barn".
* Buckeye Country 105.5 FM (1590 AM) sign at WSRW.
# Grant Morgan (cricketer)

Grant Morgan (born May 19, 1971, in Port Elizabeth, Cape Province) is a South African cricket coach and former cricketer who plays for Eastern Province and Northern Transvaal. He is right-hand wicket-keeper batsman. He matriculated at Grey High School in Port Elizabeth.
He coached various team like South Africa national under-19 cricket team and Royal Challengers Bangalore as assistant coach and he was also KwaZulu Natal Inland cricket team as coach. He was appointed to take over coaching duties from Lance Klusener at Dolphin in May 2016.
# Graham Zanker

Graham Zanker (born 16 December 1947) is Emeritus Professor of Classics at the University of Canterbury and an affiliate at the University of Adelaide.
He has published widely on Hellenistic poetry and art, Homeric ethics, and Virgilian epic.

## Education

Zanker received his B.A. from the University of Adelaide before proceeding to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in Classical Philology.
He has undertaken research at the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Tübingen, Heidelberg, and Cincinnati, and been a resident scholar at the Fondation Hardt (Geneva), Center for Hellenic Studies, Institute of Classical Studies. He has also been an academic visitor at the Institute for Advanced Study.

## Career

Zanker's first book, Realism in Alexandrian Poetry: A Literature and Its Audience (1987), was a groundbreaking investigation of the interrelation of Hellenistic poetry and art. Zanker then moved to Homeric ethics in The Heart of Achilles: Characterization and Personal Ethics in the Iliad (1994), amending the schematic view of the psychological drives behind the behavior of the Homeric heroes by (e.g.) focusing on the reconciliation scene between Achilles and Priam in Iliad 24. He then returned to the interaction of Hellenistic art and literature in Modes of Viewing in Hellenistic Poetry and Art (2004). He has recently written on Stoic fate in Virgil's Aeneid.
He has also translated Thomas Szlezak's Platon Lesen (Reading Plato, 2005), and authored an edition, translation, and commentary to Herodas’ Mimiambs (2009).
Zanker is currently working on a collaboration on Ch. G. Heyne's De Genio Saeculi Ptolemaeorum (1763), establishing its place in modern concepts of Hellenistic civilization.

## Selected publications

* Zanker, Graham (1987). Realism in Alexandrian Poetry: A Literature and Its Audience. Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-3005-1.
* Zanker, Graham (1996). The Heart of Achilles: Characterization and Personal Ethics in the Iliad. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-08400-5.
* Zanker, Graham (2004). Modes of Viewing in Hellenistic Poetry and Art. Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-19453-6.
* Zanker, Graham (2009). Herodas: Mimiambs. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 9780856688836.
* Zanker, Graham (2023). Fate and the Hero in Virgil's Aeneid; Stoic World Fate and Human Responsibility. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781009319850.