OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barta (surname)

Barta or Bárta is a Hungarian, Slovak and Czech surname derived from a diminutive form of the personal name Bartolomaeus (Hungarian Bertalan; Czech Bartoloměj, from Latin Bartolomaeus). Czech and Slovak female Bártová, but Martina Bárta. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Barta (born 1979), American actor
* Aleš Bárta (born 1960), Czech organist
* Alexander Barta (born 1983), German professional ice hockey centre
* Bernart de la Barta (fl. 1229), troubadour from La Barthe
* Bjorn Barta (born 1980), German professional ice hockey player
* Dan Bárta, (born 1969), Czech singer
* Franz Barta (born 1902, date of death unknown), Austrian boxer
* Gary Barta (born 1963), athletic director at the University of Iowa
* Hilary Barta (born 1957), American comic book writer and artist
* István Barta (1895–1948), Hungarian water polo player
* Jan Bárta (born 1984), professional Czech road cyclist
* Jiří Barta (born 1948), Czech stop-motion animation director
* Jiří Bárta (1935–2012), Czech pianist and composer
* Josef Bárta (1744-1787), Czech composer
* Krisztina Barta (born 1991), Hungarian ice dancer
* Libor Barta (born 1967), Czech professional ice hockey player
* Lubor Bárta (1928–1972), Czech composer
* Martina Bárta (born 1988), Czech singer
* Michal Bárta (born 1989), Czech football player
* Michal Bárta (ice hockey) (born 1987), Czech professional ice hockey player
* Nóra Barta (born 1984), Hungarian diver
* Sándor Barta (1897-1938), Hungarian poet
* Šimon Bárta (1864-1940), Czech Roman Catholic clergyman
* Steve Barta (born 1953), Brazilian jazz and post-bop pianist
* Tred Barta (1952–2019), American hunter, fisherman, and outdoorsman
* Vít Bárta (born 1973), former Czech Minister of Transport
* Vladimír Bárta (born 1955), Czech judoka
* Zdeněk Bárta (1891–1987), Bohemian fencer

## Bártová

* Daniela Bártová (born 1974), Czech athlete
* Heidemarie Bártová (born 1965), Czech diver
* Radka Bártová (born 1990), Slovak figure skater
# Craig Kauffman

Craig Kauffman (March 31, 1932 – May 9, 2010) was an artist who has exhibited since 1951. Kauffman's primarily abstract paintings and wall relief sculptures are included in over 20 museum collections, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Tate Modern, the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Seattle Art Museum, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.

## Life and career

Kauffman first exhibited at the Felix Landau Gallery in Los Angeles, and was included in other Los Angeles group exhibits during the early 1950s. He was a member of the original group of artists at the Ferus Gallery (founded in 1957 by Edward Kienholz and Walter Hopps), and had a one-person show at that gallery in 1958. According to critic and historian Peter Plagens, the 1958 paintings were:
   ... Abstract Expressionist but contain the first evidence of a Los Angeles sensibility: Tell Tale Heart (1958) is structured superficially along the lines of a second-generation New York painting, but it reveals the original stem-and-bulb shapes that Kauffman was later to translate into Plexiglas. The 'clean' Abstract Expressionist work of Craig Kauffman could be the point at which Los Angeles art decided to live on its own life-terms, instead of those handed down from Paris, New York, or even San Francisco.
In several series of wall relief sculptures made between 1964 and 1970, Kauffman pioneered the use of acrylic plastic as a support for painting. Craig Kauffman's wall relief sculptures are his most well known work. Throughout his career, Kauffman has explored the use of unorthodox materials. Art historian Susan C. Larsen notes:
   Kauffman's work has maintained its radiant color and its emphasis on certain sensuous physical properties of his materials.
Through his integration of sprayed color and shape, Kauffman achieved the visual presence of his vacuum formed acrylic wall reliefs. Works from the late 1960s have been described by former Whitney museum curator Richard Armstrong as:
   Glossy and symmetrical, the work's visually wet surface engenders anatomical, sometimes overtly sexual, comparisons.
Curators and historians now regard Kauffman's works from the late 1960s in relation to the art movement known as Minimalism. Susan L. Jenkins wrote:
   ... his works, as well as others associated with the L.A. Look, can nevertheless be thought of as possessing a relatively Minimalist sensibility. Like Judd's 'specific objects', Kauffman's vacuum-formed plastic works exist in a space between painting and sculpture.
Kauffman continued painting after that period, and his works have been included in exhibitions such as Time and Place: Los Angeles 1957-1968, at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm in 2008, Los Angeles 1955-1985: A Birth of an Artistic Capital at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, and A Minimal Future? Art as Object 1958-1968, The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, 2004.
# IUP

IUP may refer to:
* Indiana University of Pennsylvania, a public research university in Indiana County, Pennsylvania
** IUP Crimson Hawks, the intercollegiate athletic program of the above school
* IUP Portfolio, a Swedish short for individual development plan
* IUP (software), a computer software that provides a portable, scriptable toolkit for GUI building.
* Industrial Union Party
* Interconnect User Part, UK specific SS7 protocol
* Inter-University Program for Chinese Language Study at Tsinghua University
* Intrauterine Pregnancy, the normal location for a pregnancy to occur
* Intrinsically unstructured protein
* Irish Unionist Party, an alternate name for the Irish Unionist Alliance, a political party founded in 1891.
* Initial Upper Paleolithic, the earliest culture of modern humans in Europe
# Effective dose (pharmacology)

In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo, while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro.
It has been stated that any substance can be toxic at a high enough dose. This concept was exemplified in 2007 when a California woman died of water intoxication in a contest sanctioned by a radio station. The line between efficacy and toxicity is dependent upon the particular patient, although the dose administered by a physician should fall into the predetermined therapeutic window of the drug.
The importance of determining the therapeutic range of a drug cannot be overstated. This is generally defined by the range between the minimum effective dose (MED) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The MED is defined as the lowest dose level of a pharmaceutical product that provides a clinically significant response in average efficacy, which is also statistically significantly superior to the response provided by the placebo. Similarly, the MTD is the highest possible but still tolerable dose level with respect to a pre-specified clinical limiting toxicity. In general, these limits refer to the average patient population. For instances in which there is a large difference between the MED and MTD, it is stated that the drug has a large therapeutic window. Conversely, if the range is relatively small, or if the MTD is less than the MED, then the pharmaceutical product will have little to no practical value.

## ED$_{50}$

The median effective dose is the dose that produces a quantal effect (all or nothing) in 50% of the population that takes it (median referring to the 50% population base). It is also sometimes abbreviated as the ED$_{50}$, meaning "effective dose for 50% of the population". The ED50 is commonly used as a measure of the reasonable expectancy of a drug effect, but does not necessarily represent the dose that a clinician might use. This depends on the need for the effect, and also the toxicity. The toxicity and even the lethality of a drug can be quantified by the TD$_{50}$ and LD$_{50}$ respectively. Ideally, the effective dose would be substantially less than either the toxic or lethal dose for a drug to be therapeutically relevant.

## ED$_{95}$

The ED$_{95}$ is the dose required to achieve the desired effect in 95% of the population.
In anaesthesia, the term ED$_{95}$ is also used when referring to the pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking drugs. In this context, it is the dose which will cause 95% depression of the height of a single muscle twitch, in half of the population. Put another way, it is the ED$_{50}$ for 95% reduction in twitch height. The single twitch response occurs when a nerve stimulator is used to stimulate the ulnar nerve, and the degree of twitch of the adductor pollicus muscle is measured. A more accurate nomenclature when used in this way would be "ED$_{50}$95".
# Svalia

Svalia may refer to:
* Svalia, Norway, a village in Overhalla municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Svalia (river), a 36-km long river in northern Lithuania and a tributary of the Lėvuo river
# Kjell Svensson

Kjell Gustaf Svensson (born 10 September 1938) is a retired Swedish ice hockey goaltender. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished in fifth and second place, respectively. He won the world title in 1962, finishing second in 1963 and 1967 and third in 1965. Nationally he won only one title, with Södertälje SK in 1956, but was selected to the Swedish all-star teams in 1960–61 and 1963–64.
After retiring from competitions Svensson worked as a coach with Södertälje SK in 1972 and 1975–78 and with the Swedish national team in 1973–74. Then he had a successful career with Scania AB, becoming Senior Vice-President of truck manufacturing. This career made him resign from his position on the board of directors of the Swedish Ice Hockey Association in 1986.
# Conductive anodic filament

Conductive anodic filament, also called CAF, is a metallic filament that forms from an electrochemical migration process and is known to cause printed circuit board (PCB) failures.

## Mechanism

CAF formation is a process involving the transport of conductive chemistries across a nonmetallic substrate under the influence of an applied electric field. CAF is influenced by electric field strength, temperature (including soldering temperatures), humidity, laminate material, and the presence of manufacturing defects. The occurrence of CAF failures has been primarily driven by the electronics industry pushing for higher density circuit boards and the use of electronics in harsher environments for high reliability applications.

## Failure modes and detection

CAF commonly occurs between adjacent vias (i.e. plated through holes) inside a PCB, as the copper migrates along the glass/resin interface from anode to cathode. CAF failures can manifest as current leakage, intermittent electrical shorts, and even dielectric breakdown between conductors in printed circuit boards. This often makes CAF very difficult to detect, especially when it occurs as an intermittent issue. There are a few things that can be done to isolate the fault location and confirm CAF as a root cause of a failure. If the issue is intermittent then putting the sample of interest under combined temperature-humidity-bias (THB) may help recreate the failure mode. In addition, techniques such as cross sectioning or superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) can be used to identify the failure.

## Considerations and mitigation

There are several design considerations and mitigation techniques that can be used to reduce the susceptibility to CAF. Certain material selection (i.e. laminate) and design rules (i.e. via spacing) can help reduce CAF risk. Poor adhesion between the resin and glass fibers in the PCB can create a path for CAF to occur. This may depend on parameters of the silane finish applied to the glass fibers, which is used to promote adhesion to the resin. There are also testing standards that can be performed to assess CAF risk. IPC TM-650 2.6.25 provides a test method to assess CAF susceptibility. Additionally, IPC TM-650 2.6.16 provides a pressure vessel test method to rapidly evaluate glass epoxy laminate integrity. This is helpful but it may often be better to use design rules and proper material selection to proactively mitigate the issue.
# Bethune, Saskatchewan

Bethune /ˈbɛθ.juːn/ (2016 population: 399) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Dufferin No. 190 and Census Division No. 6. The village is 56 kilometres (35 mi) north-west of Regina on Highway 11 (Louis Riel Trail). Arm River flows along a river valley north of Bethune, which features camping sites, and the Qu'Appelle River is a short way south. Last Mountain Lake or Long Lake is north-east of Bethune whereas Buffalo Pound Lake is just south-west.
The post office of Bethune, Assiniboia, NWT was established on 5 June 1905, three months before Saskatchewan became a province.

## History

Bethune incorporated as a village on 2 August 1912. The village takes its name from C.B. Bethune, the engineer on the first train to travel the railway in 1887.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bethune had a population of 560 living in 180 of its 189 total private dwellings, a change of 40.4% from its 2016 population of 399. With a land area of 2.38 km$^2$ (0.92 sq mi), it had a population density of 235.3/km$^2$ (609.4/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Bethune recorded a population of 399 living in 158 of its 181 total private dwellings, a -1.5% change from its 2011 population of 405. With a land area of 2.38 km$^2$ (0.92 sq mi), it had a population density of 167.6/km$^2$ (434.2/sq mi) in 2016.

## Attractions

Bethune has a skating rink, curling rink, park, school, and baseball diamonds located on the outskirts of town at McLean Park. It has a playground splash pad and four baseball diamonds. Bethune is home to the Bethune Bulldogs of the senior men's Highway Hockey League.
The Gillis Blakley Bethune and District Heritage Museum is a Municipal Heritage Property on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.
Nearby attractions include Buffalo Pound Provincial Park, Grandview Beach, Kedleston Beach, and Regina Beach Recreation Site.
# Proteus-like syndrome

Proteus-like syndrome (PLS) is a condition similar to Proteus syndrome, but with an uncertain cause. It's characterized by skeletal and hamartous overgrowth of multiple tissues, nevi in cerebriform connective tissue, blood vessel malformations and linear epidermal nevi.
It was featured aa the first story in the 7th episode of the 10th season of Mystery Diagnosis.
# Barrow-in-Furness Central Fire Station

The Central Fire Station on Abbey Road in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England is a Grade II listed former fire station that has been described by Historic England as a "well-preserved example of the first generation of fire station built specifically for motorised appliances". Constructed in 1911 and opening a year later, the building served as the town's only station until Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service completed their first new-build station on Phoenix Road in 1996. The building is noted for its striking red brick facades and buff terracotta dressings, it bears a strong resemblance to the Technical School built less than 10 years prior nearby on the opposite side of Abbey Road. The building has since been converted into a 'Bed Brigade' store.
# Ego Scriptor

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | |
Ego Scriptor is a 2004 album by Frog Eyes. It contains acoustic versions of songs from other Frog Eyes albums.
The phrase "Ego Scriptor" means " I, the writer" in Latin, and may refer to the French poet Paul Valéry's essay of the same name in which he describes the "self‑reflecting process...both the 'real' work of the mind and the 'chore' of writing to command." In it, Valéry also talks about the isolation of an author upon publishing their work.

## Track listing

* "A Latex Ice Age"
* "Ship Destroyer"
* "Silence But for the Gentle Tinkling of the Flowing Creek"
* "Masticated Outboard Motors"
* "Bells in the Crooked Port"
* "I Like Dot Dot Dot"
* "The Akhian Press"
* "Our Lordship Has Devised a New Billing System"
* "One in Six Children Will Flee in Boats"
* "Sound Travels from the Snow to the Dark"
* "The Fox Speaks to His Wife Who Is Not Quite Sure"
# Elizabeth Mars Johnson Thomson

Elizabeth Mars Johnson Thomson (November 1807 – 26 April 1864) was an African-American missionary in Liberia, "a major figure in Liberian education and religion."

## Early life

Elizabeth Mars was born in Connecticut, the daughter of free black parents who were born in slavery. She attended the African Sunday School in Hartford, Connecticut.

## Career

In 1830 Elizabeth Mars Johnson and her husband volunteered as missionaries for Liberia. They trained at the African Mission School in Hartford; by 1834 they were in Liberia. Elizabeth and her second husband established a Sunday school at Monrovia and Elizabeth taught at the school at Cape Palmas from 1835 until 1845, under the authority of the Episcopal Mission Board. She took a furlough journey back to the United States, and then returned to Liberia, where she continued teaching for many years. Her school at Mount Vaughan in Cape Palmas was burned down in 1856 during an outbreak of violence. She went back to work after the school was rebuilt, until she experienced declining health and left the classroom in 1862.

## Personal life

Elizabeth Mars Johnson Thomson was married and widowed twice, and had at least two children who died before she did. She married William Johnson in Connecticut in about 1830; he died soon after their arrival in Liberia, along with their infant son. She remarried to James Madison Thomson, who was born in Demerara (British Guiana) and educated in England; he died in 1838. A daughter died in an epidemic in 1855. Elizabeth Mars Johnson Thomson died in 1864, aged 57 years, in Liberia.
# Chris Okasaki

Chris Okasaki is an associate professor of computer science at the United States Military Academy. He authored Purely Functional Data Structures (1998), based on a doctoral dissertation of the same name. He obtained a Ph.D. at Carnegie Mellon University in 1996 under advisers Peter Lee, Robert Harper, Daniel Sleator, and Robert Tarjan. Prior to his current academic appointment, he taught at Columbia University and the University of Glasgow.

## Purely functional data structures

Okasaki published his doctoral dissertation as a book in 1998. It approaches the topic of data structures from a functional programming perspective, describing techniques for designing immutable structures that incorporate persistence.
# R-class patrol boat

The R-class patrol boats was a class of Finnish patrol boats, originally constructed as coastal minesweepers. They were modified into patrol boats by the end of the 1960s and transferred to the Patrol Flotilla and later to the 7th Missile Flotilla. They were then used for sea patrol and as anti-submarine warfare vessels. They were stricken from the Finnish Navy list in the 1990s. The three later vessels, Ruissalo, Raisio and Röyttä, were somewhat larger and the vessels are therefore sometimes referred to as the Rihtniemi and Ruissalo classes. However, the Finnish Navy used the designation R class for all five vessels.
The R class was much liked in the Finnish Navy, due to their low fuel consumption and their good seagoing qualities. They were in principle unsinkable (the vessels could have a list of 115 degrees without sinking and still return to upright position).

## Vessels of the class

* Rymättylä (51) / Suurop (P 421): Ordered in July 1955 from Rauma-Repola in Rauma, launched in 1956, and entered service on 20 May 1957. She was sold to the Estonian Navy in 1999 as the EML Suurop.
* Rihtniemi (52) / Ristna (P 422): Ordered in July 1955 from Rauma-Repola in Rauma, launched in 1956, and entered service on 21 February 1957. She was sold to the Estonian Navy in 1999 as the EML Ristna.
* Ruissalo (53): Ordered from Laivateollisuus, Turku. Taken into use on 11 August 1959. Scrapped in the early 2000s.
* Raisio (54): Ordered from Laivateollisuus, Turku. Taken into use on 12 September 1959. Sold on the private market.
* Röyttä (55): Ordered from Laivateollisuus, Turku. Taken into use on 14 October 1959. Röyttä was transferred to the marine reserve training units in 2000 and is used for training. She was renovated in both 1980 and 2000. She was later sold to a private adventure company in Tampere. She currently operates as the commercial cruise ship Vartiovene 55 in Helsinki.
* Carlos Alban: Built in 1971. In use 1971-1997. Ruissalo class patrol boat, operated by the Colombian Coast Guard.
* Nito Restrepo: Built in 1971. In use 1971–1990. Ruissalo class patrol boat, operated by the Colombian Coast Guard.
* Jorge Soto del Corval: Built in 1971. In use 1971–1984. Ruissalo class patrol boat, operated by the Colombian Coast Guard.

## Operators

* Colombia: Three Ruissalo-class patrol boats
* Estonia: Two ex-Finnish Rihtniemi-class patrol boats
* Finland: Two Rihtniemi and three Ruissalo-class patrol boats
# Dřevnovice

Dřevnovice is a municipality and village in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Dřevnovice lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Prostějov, 31 km (19 mi) south of Olomouc, and 213 km (132 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Eidsvoll Ullensaker Blad

Eidsvoll Ullensaker Blad is a local newspaper published in Eidsvoll, Norway.
It was established in 1901 as Eidsvoll Blad, and eventually became affiliated with the Centre Party. It was originally published twice a week; this was increased to three issues in 1930 and four issues in 1969.
It mainly covers the municipalities of Eidsvoll and Hurdal, but is also distributed in Gjerdrum, Ullensaker and Nannestad. It had a circulation of 6,858 in 1983, increasing to the current 8,178, of whom 7,915 are subscribers. It is owned by various local people and groups.
# Proteus (2004 film)

Proteus is an animated documentary film written and directed by David Lebrun in 2004. It depicts a 19th-century understanding of the sea by interweaving the life and work of German biologist and researcher Ernst Haeckel with excerpts from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's epic poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and the story of the oceanographic Challenger expedition of the 1870s.
One-celled microorganisms known as radiolarians feature prominently in Haeckel's fascination with the observable natural world and the underlying guiding principles assumed to be implicit in its very existence.
# Clunes, Lochaber

Clunes is a small hamlet, located on the west shore of Loch Lochy, less than 0.5 miles northeast of Bunarkaig in Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Highland council area of Scotland.

## Geography

Clunes lies 4 miles northeast of Gairlochy and 10 miles northeast of Spean Bridge. The B8005 road passes by Clunes on Loch Lochy, and heads west to Loch Arkaig. This section is known as the Mìle Dorcha (Gaelic for 'dark mile'), as the road runs through a heavily tree-lined, steep sided valley. The Great Glen Way long-distance Path/Cycle track (#78) also passes by Clunes, as it follows paths and forest tracks alongside Loch Lochy.

## Notable people

Charles Kennedy is buried at his family's cemetery at Clunes.