OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abdel-Raof el-Reedy

Abdel-Raof el-Reedy (born 1933) is an Egyptian writer and diplomat, born in 1933 in Damietta Governorate, Egypt.

## Career

* He was a member of the delegation led by the president Gamal Abdel Nasser at the first summit of the non-aligned countries held at Belgrade.
* He was also a member of the Egyptian delegation that attended the tripartite meeting that included the president Abdel Nasser, president Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia and the Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi in New Delhi November 1966.
* He was a member of the Egyptian delegation at the Camp David conference headed by the President Anwar Sadat in August–September 1978.
* In 1954 he obtained a law degree. He also got a master's degree from the University of Colombia in Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.
* He was one of the founders of the Egyptian Public Library and chaired its board of directors since its opening in 1995.
* In 1955 he worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
* He was appointed as an attaché in the Egyptian mission to the United States.
* He worked in the management of the International board.
* He worked as a director of the Department of research and policy planning at the ministry of foreign affairs.
* He was appointed as Egypt's delegate to the United States in Geneva.
* He worked as Egypt's ambassador in Pakistan in 1979 .
* He worked as general Secretariat of the Arab league.
* He was as the Advisor to the Egyptian Mission to the United States.
* He was the director of the international organizations department in 1983.
* He worked as Egypt's Ambassador in the United States from 1984 to 1992.
He was honoured on his 90th birthday by the Minister of Culture for his long career, as well as his role in enriching Egyptian cultural life.

## Works

* The journey of life (original title: Rehlat al-Omr)
* Egypt and America (original title: Misr wa Amreeca)
* The battles of war and peace (original title: Ma’arek al-Harb was al-Salam)
# Badala Padma Ata

Badala Padma Ata (1546-1678) was a Vaisnavite Preacher and a saint who propagated his teaching during 16th and 17th centuries. He was one of the principle founder of Nika Samathi along with Mathuradasa Ata and Keshav Ata, and established 24 Satras in Upper Assam including the famous Kamalabari Satra. He first met Madhavdev at Bhela Satra and became a very devout disciple of him.

## Biography

Earlier in his life, Padma Ata joined the Ahom Army as a shields man (baruwati). After he saw the sorrow and plight of the people after war, he was so deeply affected by this that he abandoned all worldly attachments. He became a devout disciple of Madhavdev, he was also one of his youngest chief disciples, after receiving directions from his Guru he moved to Eastern Assam erstwhile Ahom kingdom and began propagating his teachings and to cover the people of the area as it was not been covered by the Sankardev. Badala passed through different places, far distances and preached among the people at various stopovers of his journey. Ultimately he settled at Majuli and established the Kamalabari Satra, a Satra still known and famous for its display of art and culture. Just before he died he appointed one of his disciples Sri Rama as his successor in the Satra as the head. His Satra was established in an orange garden (Komola Ban) of Purusuttom Barua an Ahom officer. Thus it got its name.
His founded the Nika Samathi sect, Nika means means pure and virtuous this samthi probably formed properly after the other ones as the situation of declination and mayhem might be observed by the disciples in above three samhatis therefore the name Nika was given to this samhati which shows the pure and absolute form of the Madhavdev sect. It is also known as Nitya Samathi. This sect came to existence much later than the other three sects.
He died in 1678, aged 132.

## Names

Padma (as he was beautiful like a rose), Govinda (as per horoscope), Rupdhar (name given by mother), Laba-r- nati (meaning Laba’s grandson), Gosain (name given by Ahom King), Hari-r -pu (name given by Kesava Ata), Kamalakanta (another name given by mother) , Amukai (addressed so by Saint Madhavadeva), Ujaniya Bapughar (name given by Mathuradasa Ata), Badula Ata (meaning, on behalf of Saint Madhavadeva)
# Caetani (surname)

Caetani is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

## 13-17th century

* Benedetto Caetani, the Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
* Benedetto II Caetani (died 1296), Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
* Onorato I Caetani (c. 1336–1400), Italian nobleman, Count of Fondi and Great Conestable of the Kingdom of Naples
* Antonio Caetani (seniore) (1360–1412), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal
* Niccolò Caetani (1526–1585), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop of Conza
* Antonio Caetani (iuniore) (1566–1624), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal
* Bonifazio Caetani (1567–1617), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal
* Enrico Caetani (1550–1599), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
* Camillo Caetani (or Gaetano) (1552–1603), Italian aristocrat and Papal diplomat
* Francesco Caetani (1594–1683), Duke of Sermoneta and Viceroy
* Luigi Caetani (1595–1642), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
* Francesco Caetani, 8th Duke of Sermoneta (1613–1683), Italian nobleman

## 18-21st century

* Onorato Caetani (1742-1797), Italian scholar and Principal of the Accademia degli Incolti, located in Rome
* Michelangelo Caetani, (1804–1882), Italian scholar, Duke of Sermoneta and Prince of Teano
* Ersilia Caetani Lovatelli (1840-1912), Italian art historian, cultural historian and archaeologist
* Onorato Caetani (1842–1917), Italian politician
* Leone Caetani, Duke of Sermoneta (1869–1935), Italian scholar, politician and historian, known also as Prince Caetani
* Gelasio Caetani (1877–1934), Italian nobleman and diplomat
* Vittoria Colonna Caetani (1880-1954), Italian writer, best known for Memoire (translated Things Past)
* Marguerite Caetani (1840-1963), Princess of Bassiano, American-born publisher, journalist, art collector and patron of the arts
* Sveva Caetani (1917–1994), Italian-Canadian artist
* Oleg Caetani (born 1956), Italian conductor
# Cat Problems

Cat Problems is a 2021 children's book written by Jory John and illustrated by Lane Smith. It is a comedic picture book about a pampered house cat. John and Smith also wrote Penguin Problems (2016) and Giraffe Problems (2018).

## Reception

Cat Problems was generally well received by critics, including a starred review from Booklist.
Multiple reviewers praised John's writing.
Kirkus Reviews wrote, "The cat's whiny, self-centered personality is wittily conveyed, but its wry monologue"–which Booklist's Lucinda Whitehurst "hilariously incessant"– "also elicits sympathy [...] Readers who’ve been owned by kitties will laugh knowingly at the protagonist’s shifty mental processes and comical shenanigans". Publishers Weekly noted that "the animal’s spewing seems so authentically feline that readers can’t help but laugh—and perhaps even identify with an id unabashedly unleashed". Deborah Stevenson, writing for The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, added, "John's text comically captures the catlike tendency to shift between languid and demanding, with a little destruction thrown in [...], and the snarky voice will be a dream to read aloud".
Reviewers also highlighted Smith's illustrations, which Kirkus called "frenetic". They further noted that "innovative book design enhances the visual appeal, with text placement and white space focusing attention. Numerous spreads are set in panels for quick pacing; many words/phrases are set in various fonts for dramatic effect", including "the frayed ends on some letters in the title on the dust jacket". Booklist's Whitehurst discussed how "Smith’s signature style captures the cat’s every emotion through its expressive eyes and tail and posture".
Whitehurst added, "A final touch of humor comes from the author and illustrator bios, written by William and Lulu, cats who live with John and Smith. Great fun, even—or especially?—if you don’t have a cat."
School Library Journal also reviewed the book.

## Honors

Cat Problems was an IndieBound national bestseller, as well as a 2021 IndieNext List Pick.
# HIST1H4I

Histone H4 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the HIST1H4I gene.
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the histone microcluster on chromosome 6p21.33.
# Han-byul

Han-byul is a Korean unisex given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Jang Han-byul (born 1990), Australian singer, actor, producer, and television personality
* Park Han-byul (born 1984), South Korean actress and model
* Lim Han-byul (born 1989), South Korean singer and songwriter
# Kotlovina

Kotlovina is a Croatian fried and stewed meat dish from Zagreb and the surrounding northwest Croatia. It is a popular seasonal food eaten during spring and summer and belongs to traditional Croatian dishes.
Pork chops and sausages are fried and then stewed in their own juice, wine and various spices. Common regional garnishes are onions, potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers and paprika.
Kotlovina has historically been prepared and served outdoors but is today a common dish served in local restaurants that serve Croatian cuisine.
# Petru Gherghel

Petru Gherghel (born 28 June 1940) is a Romanian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the ninth Bishop of Iași, from 1990 to 2019. He was formerly served as apostolic administrator of the same diocese from 1978 to 1990, under the Communist regime.
Gherghel was born in Gherăești, Neamț County. A graduate of the Roman Catholic Theological Institute of Iași, he was ordained to the priesthood in Alba Iulia on 29 June 1965 by Bishop Áron Márton. He then served at the parish in Barticești until 1967, followed by a period in Rădăuți. On 1 December 1970, he was named a professor at his alma mater, rising to director in March 1975.
On 21 February 1978, Pope Paul VI named him apostolic administrator, with his installation taking place on 4 April. During the following twelve years, a number of churches were built and parishes opened in the diocese, as well as a new seminary building; nearly 150 priests were ordained, with some of them being sent abroad to study. On 14 March 1990, Pope John Paul II raised Gherghel to the rank of bishop, with his consecration taking place on May 1 at the seminary, officiated by Archbishop Angelo Sodano, a representative of the Pope. In December 2000, he was awarded the National Order of Faithful Service, Officer rank.
On 6 July 2019, Pope Francis accepted his resignation, and appointed Iosif Păuleț [ro] as his successor.
# Gujarat Airways

Gujarat Airways was a private airline headquartered in Vadodara, India that operated from 1995 to 2001. It operated a fleet Beech 1900 aircraft on feeder routes in West and South India. The company slogan was Wings of Comfort.

## Destinations

* Andhra Pradesh
** Hyderabad – Begumpet Airport
* Diu
** Diu Airport
* Gujarat
** Ahmedabad – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport
** Bhavnagar – Bhavnagar Airport
** Bhuj – Bhuj Airport
** Jamnagar – Jamnagar Airport
** Kandla – Kandla Airport
** Keshod – Keshod Airport
** Porbandar – Porbandar Airport
** Rajkot – Rajkot Airport
** Vadodara - Vadodara Airport, base
* Karnataka
** Bangalore – HAL Airport
** Belgaum - Belgaum Airport
* Madhya Pradesh
** Indore – Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport
* Maharashtra
** Mumbai – Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
** Nagpur – Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport
** Pune – Pune Airport
* Tamil Nadu
** Coimbatore – Coimbatore International Airport
# Clear Lake (Berrien County, Michigan)

Clear Lake is a lake in Berrien County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The lake is 78.523 acres (31.777 ha) in size.
Clear Lake was so named on account of the clear character of its water.
# Sipaliwini Savanna

The Sipaliwini Savanna is a protected area and nature reserve in Suriname. The reserve is located to the south of the Sipaliwini River in the far south of the country. The reserve measures 100,000 hectares, and has been a protected area since 1972. The majority of the reserve consists of a savannah which in turn is a continuation of the Brazilian Tumucumaque Mountains National Park. The reserve is in pristine condition with almost no human habitation.

## History

The area was first explored in October 1935 by A.J.H. van Lynden who was surprised to discover an immense savannah behind the dense rain forests. In 1962, a study was started whether the savannah could be used for animal husbandry, however the transport costs via airplane would make the enterprise unprofitable. A detailed study into the plant and animal life commenced in 1968.
This reserve is one of the last frontiers in the tropics, and relatively little is known about the region.

## Overview

The savannah consists of large grasslands with wetter islands of trees. Bird life is abundant, and the savannah is where the blue poison dart frog was discovered in 1969. In 2005, six birds that had never been recorded in Suriname were seen on the reserve. It includes a new species of sun parakeet, and a new rufous-sided scrub tyrant. The savannah is home to the harpy eagle and the jaguar.

## Accessibility

The Sipaliwini Savanna is very hard to reach. The Sipaliwini Airstrip is accessible by small planes. From the airstrip, it takes another 2 to 3 hour to reach the reserve along trails, or a canoe journey along the Sipaliwini River. Permission to enter the territory has to be obtained from the granman (tribal leader) who resides at Kwamalasamutu.

## Threats

The reserve is not guarded. Poaching, and collecting of endangered species are a problem. Burning of the savannah by the Amerindians is also a problem.
# Guy Julien

Guy Julien was a politician from Quebec, Canada.

## Background

He was born on February 16, 1945, in Shawinigan, Mauricie.

## Provincial politics

He won the Parti Québécois nomination in the district of Trois-Rivières by only three votes, but won a seat at the legislature in 1994.
Julien was appointed to the Cabinet in 1996. He served as Ministry of Industry and Trade under Premier Lucien Bouchard and as Minister of Revenue under Premier Bernard Landry.
He was re-elected in 1998 against Liberal candidate and Mayor of Trois-Rivières Guy Leblanc, but lost hid bid for re-election against Liberal André Gabias in 2003.

## Mayoral candidate

He ran for Mayor of Trois-Rivières in 2005 against incumbent Yves Lévesque, but was defeated with only 28% of the vote.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
National Assembly of Quebec :
| Preceded byPaul Philibert, Liberal | MNA, District of Trois-Rivières 1994–2003 | Succeeded byAndré Gabias, Liberal |
* This article about a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec from the Parti Québécois is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Clarence Russell

Clarence Russell may refer to:
* Clarence W. Russell (died 1919), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
* Clarence D. Russell (1895–1963), American cartoonist
# Sir Thomas Taylor, 2nd Baronet

Sir Thomas Taylor, 2nd Baronet (1657–1696), of Park House, Maidstone and Shadoxhurst, Kent, was an English politician.

## Career

He was a Member of the Parliament of England (MP) for Maidstone in 1689–1696.
# Gyalideopsis aptrootii

Gyalideopsis aptrootii is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. Found in southern Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2018. Defining features of this lichen include the unique crescent-shaped structure of its hyphophores (spore-producing organs), the single-spored asci, and the relatively small size of the ascospores.

## Taxonomy

The lichen species Gyalideopsis aptrootii was formally described and classified by Amanda Barreto Xavier-Leite, Marcela Cáceres, and Robert Lücking in 2018. This species stands out from others within the genus Gyalideopsis genus due to its crescent-shaped hyphophores that bear a resemblance to certain species of Gyalectidium and the genus Hippocrepidea. The species was named in honour of Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his numerous contributions to tropical lichenology and his continuous mentorship". The type specimen was discovered by Cáceres and Aptroot in the Parque Estadual do Acaraí [pt], located in São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

## Description

Gyalideopsis aptrootii is a corticolous lichen, which means it grows on tree bark. Its thallus spreads 10–30 mm (0.4–1.2 in) across and has a thickness of 30–70 μm. The white to pale grey crustose thallus lacks clusters of calcium oxalate crystals and has a cartilaginous, corticiform layer, giving it an uneven appearance. The photobiont, or the photosynthetic partner of the lichen, comprises trebouxioid cells, each measuring 5–8 μm in diameter.
The lichen is distinguishable by its broadly sessile apothecia, which are biatorine, circular structures that are 0.3–0.6 mm in diameter and 0.1–0.15 mm high. Its disc is dark brownish grey, and it has a prominent proper margin of the same or slightly lighter colour. The lichen's ascospores are broadly ellipsoid, colourless, and measure 20–35 by 15–20 μm.
A defining feature of this species is its unique hyphophores, which are crescent-shaped, flabellate (fan-shaped) structures. They are attached to the thallus along a broad line on the concave side, lending a distinctive look to this lichen. The hyphophores are blackish grey and have a rim of partially translucent, narrow hyphal scales along the convex periphery.

## Similar species

Gyalideopsis aptrootii shares some similarities with Gyalideopsis krogiae, a related lichen found in Kenya. However, the latter has fan-shaped hyphophores with a reddish-brown hue and lacks the distinctive acute edges found in Gyalideopsis aptrootii. Furthermore, Gyalideopsis krogiae has larger ascospores and apothecia.
Gyalideopsis aptrootii shares some features with species from the genera Gyalectidium and Hippocrepidea, particularly in the shape of their hyphophores. However, these genera are significantly different in terms of their apothecial morphology and anatomy.

## Habitat and distribution

At the time of its original publication, Gyalideopsis aptrootii had only been identified in a preserved coastal forest habitat in the extratropical portion of southern Brazil. There, it prefers to grow on bark.
# Pioneers Cabin

Pioneers Cabin may refer to:
* Pioneers Cabin (Colorado)
* Pioneers Cabin (Edmonton)
# Hillview

Hillview or Hill View may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Hillview, Sutton Forest, New South Wales
* Hillview, Queensland

### Canada

* Hillview, Edmonton, Alberta
* Hillview, Newfoundland and Labrador
* Hillview, Ontario

### Ireland

* Hillview, Waterford

### Malaysia

* Taman Hillview, Selangor

### Singapore

* Hillview, Singapore

### United Kingdom

* Hill View, Bournemouth, England

### United States

* Hillview, Illinois
* Hillview, Kentucky
* The Hillview, a historical building in Hollywood, California

## Education

* Hill View Academy, in Almondbury, West Yorkshire, England
* Hillview College in Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago
* Hillview High School in Pretoria, South Africa
* Hillview High School (Orange County, California), United States
* Hillview School for Girls in Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom

## Other uses

* Cluff Apartments, also known as Hillview Apartments, in Salt Lake City, Utah
* The Hillview, a historic building in Hollywood, California
* Hillview Reservoir, a reservoir in Yonkers, New York
# HMS Ceylon

Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Ceylon, after the former British colony of Ceylon, now Sri Lanka. Two ships taken up from trade were also named Ceylon:
* HMS Ceylon was a 38-gun fifth rate launched as HCS Bombay in 1793, purchased by the Royal Navy in 1805, serving with them as HMS Bombay. She was renamed HMS Ceylon in 1808, converted to a troopship in 1813, eventually being sold in 1857.
* HMS Ceylon (30) was a Crown Colony-class light cruiser launched in 1942. She was sold to Peru in 1960 and renamed Coronel Bolognesi until being decommissioned in 1982 and broken up in 1985.

## Other ships

* Ceylon was a tug hired as an armed boarding steamer between 1914 and 1919.
* Ceylon was a private yacht requisitioned in 1915 and returned to her owners in 1916.
# Tlascala

Tlascala is a monotypic snout moth genus described by George Duryea Hulst in 1890. Its only species is Tlascala reductella, the Tlascala moth, described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida to Illinois and Kentucky, as well as in Ontario. It has also been recorded from Honduras.
The wingspan is about 20 mm (0.79 in). Adults have been recorded on wing from February to September, with most records from April to July.
# Skull-Face and Others

Skull-Face and Others is a collection of fantasy and horror short stories by American writer Robert E. Howard. It was the author's third book and was published by Arkham House in 1946 in an edition of 3,004 copies.
Most of the stories had originally appeared in the magazine Weird Tales.

## Contents

Skull-Face and Others contains the following tales:
* "Foreword" by August Derleth
* "Which Shall Scarcely Be Understood"
* "Robert Ervin Howard: A Memorium" by H. P. Lovecraft
* "A Memory of R.E. Howard" by E. Hoffmann Price
* "Wolfshead"
* "The Black Stone"
* "The Horror from the Mound"
* "The Cairn on the Headland"
* "Black Canaan"
* "The Fire of Asshurbanipal"
* "A Man-Eating Jeopard"
* "Skull Face"
* "The Hyborian Age"
* "Worms of the Earth"
* "The Valley of the Worm"
* "Skulls in the Stars"
* "Rattle of Bones"
* "The Hills of the Dead"
* "Wings in the Night"
* "The Shadow Kingdom"
* "The Mirrors of Tuzun Thune"
* "Kings of the Night"
* "The Phoenix on the Sword"
* "The Scarlet Citadel"
* "The Tower of the Elephant"
* "Rogues in the House"
* "Shadows in Zamboula"
* "Lines Written in the Realization That I Must Die"

## Sources

* Jaffery, Sheldon (1989). The Arkham House Companion. Mercer Island, WA: Starmont House, Inc. p. 18. ISBN 1-55742-005-X.
* Chalker, Jack L.; Mark Owings (1998). The Science-Fantasy Publishers: A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998. Westminster, MD and Baltimore: Mirage Press, Ltd. p. 29.
* Nielsen, Leon (2004). Arkham House Books: A Collector's Guide. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 57. ISBN 0-7864-1785-4.
# Smoky Mountain

Smoky Mountain is an adjective for things related to the Great Smoky Mountains (as in the Smoky Mountain National Park) and may refer to the following landforms:
* Smoky Mountain (California), a Guadalupe Mountains summit at 37°26′28″N 120°01′56″W﻿ / ﻿37.441064°N 120.032115°W﻿ / 37.441064; -120.032115
* Smoky Mountain (Idaho), a Cassia County, Idaho, summit at 42°03′34″N 113°40′49″W﻿ / ﻿42.059489°N 113.680172°W﻿ / 42.059489; -113.680172
* Smoky Mountain (Tennessee), a Cumberland Mountains summit of 3,217 ft (981 m)
* Smoky Mountain (Utah), a summit northwest of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area at 42°03′34″N 113°40′49″W﻿ / ﻿42.059489°N 113.680172°W﻿ / 42.059489; -113.680172
* Smoky Mountains (Moon)