OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hopkinsons

Hopkinsons is an Australian bus company in Western Sydney. Until October 2013 it operated route services until these passed to Transit Systems. It continues to trade as a charter operator.

## History

Hopkinsons' origins can be traced to 1923 when the Try family, trading as Merrylands Bus Company, commenced operating services in the Fairfield, Guildford and Merrylands area with four buses. By 1957 the fleet had expanded to 16 buses. In 1978 Merrylands Bus Company was sold to Graham Hopkinson and renamed Hopkinsons and relocated to Smithfield.
In late 2003 the coach business of Challenge Coachlines was purchased and amalgamated with Hopkinsons' existing coach charter business. Following the death of Graham Hopkinson in 2011, his four daughters took over running the business.
From 2005 Hopkinsons' services formed part of Sydney Bus Region 3. In October 2013 Transit Systems commenced operating Region 3 including the services formerly operated by Hopkinsons. Hopkinsons continues to trade as a charter operator.
On 1 March 2015, the business was purchased by Kiama Coaches proprietor Gerald King and Premier Transport Group owner John King. Having downsized, the depot in Smithfield closed in June 2020 with the remaining vehicles relocated to that of sister company Premier Charters in Helensburgh.

## Fleet

As at June 2015, the fleet consisted of five buses and 20 coaches.
When Hopkinsons purchased the business in 1978 it consisted of Bedfords. In the 1980s these were replaced by ex ACTION AEC Swift and Volvo B58s. In the 1990s it had some ex Public Transport Corporation Volvo B59s rebodied by P&D Coachworks to a design by Hopkinsons followed by some similarly bodied Volvo B10Bs. More recent purchases have been Custom Coaches bodied Volvo B12BLEs.
Hopkinsons has long operated charter coaches. Initially operating Dennings and later Austral Tourmasters, it has since moved to Scania and Volvos.
In the 1980s the two tone green livery was replaced by the current white, green and blue colour scheme. Coaches used to also carry this livery until a silver livery was adopted at about the same time as the purchase of Challenge Coachlines.
# Czerwona Górka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Czerwona Górka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łączna, within Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) south of Łączna, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Skarżysko-Kamienna, and 17 km (11 mi) north-east of the regional capital Kielce.
# DRK

DRK may refer to:
* The German Red Cross, or Deutsches Rotes Kreuz
* Drake Bay Airport (IATA code: DRK), Drake Bay, Costa Rica
* Dash (cryptocurrency), whose previous name (Darkcoin) had the symbol "DRK"
* DRK (car), produced from 1987 to 1998
* North Korea, UNDP code
# Honda Sport ATCs

Honda Sport ATCs, produced until 1987, were built specifically for performance, and designed for use in racing, or for aggressive trail riding. The machines lacked luggage racks and other utilitarian features, commonplace on most other ATCs or ATVs.
In 1970, Honda created the three-wheeled “All Terrain Cycle” market nearly single-handedly with the release of the Honda US90. As the popularity of ATCs exploded in the late seventies, Honda began to diversify their line. Originally catering to winter activity, campers, hunters and weekend Recreational riders that ATCs were envisioned for, their research showed there was a market for utility-focused machines for commercial and agricultural use, and dedicated sport models intended for leisure and competition use.
This led to the creation of the ATC250R, a 2-stroke racing ATC based on the CR250 motocross line in 1981 and 3 more Sport ATCs, using 4-stroke engines. The ATC250R remains a popular model for collectors due to its high-performance 2-stroke engines and racing heritage; and the 4-stroke “X” ATCs continue to be popular trail machines.

## Honda ATC200X

The ATC200X, released in 1983, was Honda's first 4-stroke Sport model. The machine was based on the ATC200 line, but was virtually unique in its set-up and engine tuning. It featured a 5-speed transmission with manual clutch and full suspension with 7.3” of front travel and 6.7” of rear travel.

## Honda ATC250SX

The ATC250SX was introduced alongside the ATC350X in 1985, and available for three model years. Decidedly more a trail machine than a racer, this ATC was equipped with a 246cc 4-Stroke air-cooled OHV engine, with 5-speed auto-clutch transmission and shaft final drive. Stoppage was handled by front and rear drum brakes, and it featured a reverse gear, unique among Honda Sport ATCs. This added to the weight, of nearly 50lbs more than similar machines.

## Honda ATC350X

Honda's largest displacement ATC, the ATC350X, would be produced for two years in the United States. Equipped with a 350cc 4-stroke air-cooled OHV engine and 6-speed manual clutch transmission to a chain final drive, the focus was purely on performance.

## Honda ATC250R

The ATC250R, built for track racing, was produced from 1981–1986. Originally equipped with a 248cc air-cooled engine and 5-speed transmission, it received a 246cc 2-stroke liquid-cooled engine and 6-speed transmission in its third, and last, iteration.
# Hydrelia undulosata

Hydrelia undulosata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Frederic Moore in 1888. It is found in India.
# Valhalla Canyon

Valhalla Canyon is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. The canyon was formed by glaciers which retreated at the end of the last glacial maximum approximately 15,000 years ago, leaving behind a U-shaped valley. Valhalla Canyon extends from the northwest flanks of Grand Teton and Mount Owen and ends in Cascade Canyon.
# Vall de Cardós

Vall de Cardós (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
# Anne-Sophie Pelletier

Anne-Sophie Pelletier (born 5 February 1976) is a French politician who was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2019.
# Daniel Giulianini

Daniel Giulianini (born 12 December 1987 in Burgas, Bulgaria) is an Italian bass.

## Career

Daniel Giulianini made his stage debut in 2009 as Morales in Carmen in Lugo and as Haly in L’Italiana in Algeri at the Teatro Municipale (Reggio Emilia).
In 2016, he became one of the youngest Italians to ever debut at La Scala, Milan - he took the stage as Jim Larkens in La fanciulla del West.
He starred as Marchese d’Obigny in La Traviata at the 97th Arena di Verona Opera Festival in 2019.
In October 2021 Daniel Giulianini performed as Masetto in Don Giovanni at the Toulon Opera, France. In February 2022 he made a debut as Bartolo in The Barber of Seville at Malmö Opera, Sweden. In May 2022 Daniel Giulianini made a role debut as Bartolo in The Marriage of Figaro at Teatro Real, Madrid.

## Awards and honors

Daniel Giulianini won a 2nd place at the Premio Etta Limiti Opera (2014).

## Personal life

Daniel Giulianini was reunited with his birth mother nearly 29 years after he had been given up for adoption at a Bulgarian orphanage. He is married and has two children.
# Harishdadpur railway station

Harishdadpur railway station is a railway station on Santragachi–Amta branch line of South Eastern Railway section of the Kharagpur railway division. It is situated beside Maju Road at Dadpur in Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

Howrah to Amta narrow-gauge track was built in 1897 in British India. This route was the part of the Martin's Light Railways which was closed in 1971. Howrah–Amta new broad-gauge line, including the Bargachia–Champadanga branch line was re constructed and opened in 2002–2004.
# Speech at the Politeama

The Speech at the Politeama was a speech written by Manuel González Prada and read by a student at the Teatro Politeama in Lima during a Fiestas Patrias event on 28 July 1888. The speech, given five years after the end of the invasion and occupation of Peru by Chile during War of the Pacific, González Prada calls for the overthrow of the elite establishment in Peru.

## Background

The incompetence of the government and military was so great during the War of the Pacific period that it led to an intellectual movement dedicated to restoring pride for Peru, creating modern Peruvian nationalism. During Peru's impending defeat by Chile in the War of the Pacific, poet and academic Manuel González Prada would stay in his home for three years, refusing to look at the foreign invaders occupying Peru. The conflict proved to him that Peru was a failure under the economic oligarchy and that large reforms were necessary to improve the nation.
The Peruvian Literary Circle, whose members saw themselves as freethinkers and that they were destined to change Peru, reached out to González Prada, who immediately reoriented the groups direction. In 1886, González Prada became the head of the Literary Circle.

## Speech

The Peruvian Literary Circle, which was headed by González Prada, held a literary and musical event at the Teatro Politeama in Lima on 28 July 1888 during Fiestas Patrias, with the event being organized to raise funds for Peru to pay a ransom to Chile to regain the provinces of Arica and Tacna. González Prada who had a timid voice and suffered from stage fright, asked Ecuadorian orator Miguel Uribe to instead read the speech to those attending.
The speech, using imagery and sarcasm dissected the crises facing Peru before and after War of the Pacific, condemning the elite and Peruvian society for its own continuous defeat. González Prada would criticize the political elite for its limited economic interests, saying that the Catholic Church and military defended the elites. Calling on the younger generations of Peruvians, he called on them to abandon past traditions, bring positive change through science and to not cling to dogmas.

## Reception and legacy

The immediate response of the audience in Teatro Politeama was a frenzied applause. President of Peru Andrés Avelino Cáceres, who was present in the audience, would later state of González Prada, "l did not know whether to arrest him or embrace him". The Cáceres government would unsuccessfully attempt to censor the publication of the speech. The speech was also introduced González Prada's support for positivism.
Concerns raised by the speech would soon become central for indigenismo in Peru, with social justice movements calling for the integration of indigenous peoples of Peru into society. The criticism of the Catholic Church also raised calls for secularism in Peru.
# Harry Howard (landscape architect)

Harry Howard (1930–2000) was an Australian landscape architect, and one of the first members of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA).
Howard had no formal training in landscape architecture, graduating from the University of Sydney with a degree in architecture. A devotee of the modernist style of architecture, Howard counted Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier among his influences, and later became friends with Sydney architect of the modernist style, Harry Seidler.
# Harold Reitsema

Harold James Reitsema (born January 19, 1948) is an American astronomer who was part of the teams that discovered Larissa, the fifth of Neptune's known moons, and Telesto, Saturn's thirteenth moon. Reitsema and his colleagues discovered the moons through ground-based telescopic observations. Using a coronagraphic imaging system with one of the first charge-coupled devices available for astronomical use, they first observed Telesto on April 8, 1980, just two months after being one of the first groups to observe Janus, also a moon of Saturn. Reitsema, as part of a different team of astronomers, observed Larissa on May 24, 1981, by watching the occultation of a star by the Neptune system.
Reitsema is also responsible for several advances in the use of false-color techniques as applied to astronomical images. He was a member of the Halley Multicolour Camera team on the ESA Giotto spacecraft that took close-up images of Comet Halley in 1986.
Reitsema received a B.A. in physics from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1972 and a Ph.D. in astronomy from New Mexico State University in 1977. His dissertation was titled "Quantitative Spectral Classification of Solar-Type Stars and the Sun" with advisor Reta Beebe. He has been involved in many of NASA's space science missions including the Spitzer Space Telescope, Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite, the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kepler Space Observatory project searching for Earth-like planets orbiting distant stars similar to the Sun.
Reitsema participated in the ground-based observations of Deep Impact mission in 2005. He observed the impact on the Tempel 1 comet from the telescopes of the San Pedro Martir Observatory (Mexico) with Kevin Walsh (U. Maryland), Ashley Zauderer (U. Maryland), and Roberto Vazquez (UNAM).
Reitsema retired in 2008 from Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. in Boulder, Colorado. He is a consultant to NASA and the aerospace industry in mission design and Near-Earth Objects. He is the Mission Director for the B612 Foundation's Sentinel program that will find Near Earth Asteroids and identify potential Earth impact threats. He is listed in Who's Who in America. Asteroid 13327 Reitsema was named in recognition of his achievements. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 July 2002 (M.P.C. 46110).
# B&O Supprettes

B&O Supprettes is the brand name for a prescription medication containing powdered opium and belladonna alkaloids in a suppository form. They are indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain from urethral spasm, and for extending the interval(s) between injections of opiates. The drug has various "off label" uses, including renal colic, intestinal cramps, tenesmus and diarrhea. They are also often prescribed after urinary bladder surgery. B&O Supprettes was unique in the United States because they were the only drug containing opium that is for suppository use sold in the US and, in fact, one of the very few medications that contains opium in any form in the US along with paregoric and opium tincture (laudanum).

## History

B&O Supprettes (the name is derived from the generic term 'belladonna/opium suppository') is an "unapproved" drug according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – that is, the drug existed before the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938. Accordingly, the compound has never undergone specific medical trials, and its efficacy has never been required to be demonstrated. The FDA has put pressure on the manufacturers of this drug for this reason. The original manufacturer of the Supprettes, Eli Lilly and Company, has long since lost any patent to the drug. Amerifit, which manufactured generic Supprettes prior to 2008, was cautioned by the FDA due to the unapproved nature of the drug combination. Since 2008, Paddock Laboratories has manufactured a generic version of the Supprettes after working with the FDA on marketing issues related to the unapproved nature of the drug.

## Dosage and administration

The drug and its generic counterparts are supplied in packages of 12, and available in two strengths:
Each B&O Supprettes suppository #15 A contains 16.2 mg (1/4 grain) of belladonna and 30 mg (1/2 grain) of opium.
Each B&O Supprettes suppository #16 A contains 16.2 mg of belladonna and 60 mg (1 grain) of opium.
The usual dose is one suppository rectally once or twice daily PRN - (as needed), not to exceed four Supprettes in a 24-hour period.
In the United States, B&O Supprettes is a Schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970; a written prescription is mandatory, and no refills are permitted. Refrigerated storage is preferable, but not required. Most pharmacies consider B&O Supprettes to be a "special order" item, and as such are not normally kept in inventory. Compounding pharmacies have the capability of producing a generic form of the medication, and can modify the dosage(s) of the active ingredients (for pediatric or elderly patients, and those with chronic kidney disease) or the carrier (usually substituting cocoa butter) to best meet the needs of the patient at the request of the prescriber.
# Avranchin

Avranchin is an area in Normandy, France corresponding to the territory of the Abrincatui, a tribe of Celts from whom the city of Avranches, the main town of the Avranchin, takes its name.
In 867, by the Treaty of Compiègne, Charles the Bald gave the Avranchin to Salomon, King of Brittany. In 933, it was reunited with the Duchy of Normandy by William I of Normandy.

## Geography

Avranchin is located in the Armorican Massif south of Cotentin in the department of Manche in western or lower Normandy. The Thar river forms the northern border. The eastern border is formed by the Égrenne, a tributary of the Mayenne. To the north west lies the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel. The south west was once marked by the Couesnon river, however due to canal building in the 18th century the river now flows 4 km to the west of the region. The largest town in the area is Avranches. The village of Mortain is traditionally included as part of Avranchin.

## History

Avranchin was once the territory of the Abrincuti. During Roman rule it became part of the second division of Gallia Lugdunensis, which roughly corresponds to modern-day Normandy. After the fall of the Roman empire the area became part of the Frankish kingdom of Neustria until it was ceded to Brittany as part of the treaty of Compiègne in 867. In 933 William Longsword was given control of a large part of Brittany (Avranchin included) in return for recognizing Rudolph of France as king of West Francia. The Bretons did not recognize this agreement and had to be forcibly suppressed. Avranchin was not fully integrated into Normandy until 1009 under Richard II. In 1204 Phillip II took Normandy (and alongside it Avranchin) for France.
# Chlorocystini

Chlorocystini is a tribe of cicadas in the family Cicadidae. There are at least 20 genera and 170 described species in Chlorocystini.
Members of Chlorocystini are found primarily in southeast Asia, Australasia, and the western Pacific. Isolated genera occur in Africa, South America, the Mascarene Islands, and Mauritius.

## Genera

These 25 genera belong to the tribe Chlorocystini:
* Aedeastria Boer, 1990$^{cg}$
* Akamba Distant, 1905$^{cg}$
* Baeturia Stål, 1866$^{cg}$
* Cephalalna Boulard, 2006$^{cg}$
* Chlorocysta Westwood, 1851$^{cg}$
* Conibosa Distant, 1905$^{icg}$
* Cystopsaltria Goding & Froggatt, 1904$^{cg}$
* Cystosoma Westwood, 1842$^{cg}$
* Decebalus Distant, 1920$^{cg}$
* Dinarobia Mamet, 1957$^{cg}$
* Durangona Distant, 1911$^{icg}$
* Euthemopsaltria Moulds, 2014$^{cg}$
* Fractuosella Boulard, 1979$^{cg}$
* Glaucopsaltria Goding & Froggatt, 1904$^{cg}$
* Guineapsaltria Boer, 1993$^{cg}$
* Gymnotympana Stål, 1861$^{cg}$
* Kumanga Distant, 1905$^{cg}$
* Mirabilopsaltria Boer, 1996$^{cg}$
* Muda Distant, 1897$^{cg}$
* Musoda Karsch, 1890$^{cg}$
* Owra Ashton, 1912$^{cg}$
* Papuapsaltria Boer, 1995$^{cg}$
* Scottotympana Boer, 1991$^{cg}$
* Thaumastopsaltria Kirkaldy, 1900$^{cg}$
* Venustria Goding & Froggatt, 1904$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Svenja Heesch

Svenja Heesch is a German botanist, algologist, biogeographer, curator and explorer, and is a specialist in the taxonomy of algae families.

## Academic career

In 2005 Heesch completed her Ph.D. at the University of Otago, supervised by Akira Peters and Catriona Hurd. Prior to this she had completed a diploma at the Institute of Marine Science, Kiel University. Heesch undertook postdoctoral research at NIWA before returning to Europe, where she has worked at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, the Ryan Institute of the National University of Ireland, and the Roscoff Biological Station, Brittany. Now based at the University of Rostock, Heesch has received funding to research the taxonomy of Prasiolaceae from the Svalbard archipelago, and to integrate molecular and morphological approaches to clarify relationships within the family.

## Awards and honours

In 2018 Wendy Nelson and Judy Sutherland named a species of filamentous algae Prasionema heeschiae. Nelson and Sutherland wrote that "The specific epithet honours Svenja Heesch, our colleague who has made significant contributions to the study of the Prasiolales". It is the first recorded species of the genus Prasionema in the southern hemisphere, and was collected from Campbell Island.

## Selected publications

* Joseph Ivan Hoffman; Svenja Heesch; Melody Susan Clark (3 July 2023). "Editorial: Polar Genomics in a Changing World". Genes. 14 (7): 1395. doi:10.3390/GENES14071395. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 10379204. PMID 37510300. Wikidata Q123439809.
* J. Mark Cock; Lieven Sterck; Pierre Rouzé; et al. (3 June 2010). "The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity in brown algae". Nature. 465 (7298): 617–621. doi:10.1038/NATURE09016. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20520714. Wikidata Q22122187.
* Svenja Heesch; Judy E.S. Broom; Kate F. Neill; Tracy J. Farr; Jennifer L. Dalen; Wendy A. Nelson (May 2009). "Ulva,Umbraulva and Gemina: genetic survey of New Zealand taxa reveals diversity and introduced species". European Journal of Phycology. 44 (2): 143–154. doi:10.1080/09670260802422477. ISSN 0967-0262. Wikidata Q56772777.
* Svenja Heesch; Ga Youn Cho; Akira F. Peters; et al. (28 April 2010). "A sequence-tagged genetic map for the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus provides large-scale assembly of the genome sequence". New Phytologist. 188 (1): 42–51. doi:10.1111/J.1469-8137.2010.03273.X. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 20456050. Wikidata Q39874895.
* Irene Biancarosa; Ikram Belghit; Christian G Bruckner; Nina S Liland; Rune Waagbø; Heidi Amlund; Svenja Heesch; Erik-Jan Lock (18 January 2018). "Chemical characterization of 21 species of marine macroalgae common in Norwegian waters: benefits of and limitations to their potential use in food and feed". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98 (5): 2035–2042. doi:10.1002/JSFA.8798. ISSN 0022-5142. PMC 5888138. PMID 29193189. Wikidata Q46250472.
# Li Fangyuan

Li Fangyuan may refer to following individuals of which name in Chinese character can be transliterated to Hanyu Pinyin:
* 李芳園 (Lǐ Fāngyuán; approximately 1850—approximately 1901), Qing dynasty musician, see Pipa#Repertoire
* 李芳遠 (Lǐ Fāngyuǎn; 1367–1422), the third monarch of the Joseon dynasty
# Tastil

Tastil is an archaeological site near Santa Rosa de Tastil, Salta Province, Argentina.

## Overview

Located around 2.5 km (1.5 mi) northwest of the settlement are the Ruins of Tastil. Built by the Atacameño people, Tastil thrived during the 15th century, and grew to perhaps 400 households and over 2,000 inhabitants prior to a siege by the invading troops of the Inca Empire. Subsisting on quinoa, maize, and llama husbandry, the Tastileños built their community out of sandstone, and without the use of mortar. The labyrinthine layout of Tastil included catacombs and plazas, and the central square was built around a wanka (a sacred stone).
The ruins were rediscovered by Swedish anthropologist Eric Boman in 1903, and were cataloged and restored in 1967 by a team from the University of La Plata led by Dr. Mario Cicliano. Tastil was declared a National Historic Monument in 1997. The Moisés Serpa Regional Museum of Tastil, located in Santa Rosa de Tastil, was inaugurated the same year, and displays artifacts found at the site and surroundings, including a mummy dating from the 13th century.