OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Helga Correia

Helga Correia (born 1977) is a Portuguese politician. A member of the centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD), she was elected as a member of the Assembly of the Republic in 2015 as a representative of the Aveiro constituency and was re-elected in 2019 and 2022.

## Early life and education

Helga Alexandra Freire Correia was born on 22 March 1977. She has a degree in accounting from the Instituto Superior de Entre o Douro e Vouga (ISVOUGA), and has taken postgraduate courses in training of trainers and in labour law and social security. She is married to Daniel Pinto Ferreira. Correia worked in the insurance industry from 2000.

## Political career

In 2009, Correia became an alternate member of the municipal assembly of Oliveira de Azeméis, a municipality which is part of both the Metropolitan Area of Porto and of Aveiro District. Between 2013 and 2017 she served as second secretary of the municipal assembly and in 2017 was elected as a deputy to that assembly.
Correia was elected to the Assembly of the Republic in the 2015 national election and was re-elected in 2019. She was again re-elected in 2022 when, as in 2019, she was fourth on the list of PSD candidates for Aveiro, with the PSD winning seven seats in the district. In parliament, she has served on the Labour and Social Security Committee.
# Heliaeschna cynthiae

Heliaeschna cynthiae is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in Cameroon, Uganda, and Zambia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Heliaeschna fuliginosa

Heliaeschna fuliginosa (black-banded duskhawker) is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Pidan

Pidan may refer to:
* Pi dan or Century egg, a type of preserved egg used in Chinese cuisine
* Pidan (textile), a type of silk cloth used as a tapestry in Cambodia
* Pidan island, a river island in the Yalu river, North Korea
* Pidan Mountain, Primorsky Krai, Russia
* Mount Livadiyskaya, also known as "Pidan" or "Pedan", a mountain in Primorsky Krai, Russia
# Pidan doufu

Pidan doufu 皮蛋豆腐 is a cold tofu dish consisting of slices of silken tofu topped with diced thousand-year-old eggs (皮蛋 or 松花蛋), minced garlic and spring onion, and a splash of soy sauce and Chinese vinegar.
# Pidlissia

Pidlissia may refer to the following places in Ukraine:
* Pilissia, in Tysmenytsia Raion, of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
* Pidlissia, Ternopil Oblast
* Polesie (Polissia), a region of Ukraine and Belarus
# Phyllorhiza

Phyllorhiza is a genus of jellyfish in the family Mastigiidae.

## Species

The following species are recognized in the genus Phyllorhiza:
* Phyllorhiza pacifica (Light, 1921)
* Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri Goy, 1990
* Phyllorhiza punctata Lendenfeld, 1884
# Phyllorhinichthys micractis

Phyllorhinichthys micractis is a species of dreamer that has been recorded from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The females of this species grow to a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) SL. The illicium is shorter than that of P. balushkini. The esca has two forward appendages at the tip and the rear appendage is much shorter and stouter than that of P. balushkini. The available specimens vary in the number and presence of additional appendages and filaments. The size of the snout flaps are also highly variable.
# Albany Airport (disambiguation)

Albany Airport, or Albany International Airport, is an airport in Albany, New York, US
Albany Airport may also refer to:
* Albany Airport (Australia) in Albany, Western Australia (IATA: ALH, ICAO YABA)
* Albany Municipal Airport (Oregon) in Albany, Oregon, United States (FAA: S12)
* Albany Municipal Airport (Missouri) in Albany, Missouri, United States (FAA: K19)
* Albany Municipal Airport (Texas) in Albany, Texas, United States (FAA: T23)
* Albany, Green county, Wisconsin (FAA : 54W)
Other airports in places named Albany:
* Southwest Georgia Regional Airport in Albany, Georgia, United States (FAA/IATA: ABY)
* Ohio University Airport-Snyder Field in Athens/Albany, Ohio, United States (FAA/IATA: UNI)
* New Albany-Union County Airport in New Albany, Mississippi, United States (FAA: M72)
# Albany Antifederal Committee

The Albany Antifederal Committee was a group formed in 1788 in Albany, New York by several Anti-Federalist politicians and business leaders critical of the proposed United States Constitution. The committee sought to sway public opinion and influence who would be selected to participate in the upcoming constitutional ratifying convention. On April 10, 1788, the committee published a circular in The Albany gazette that included over thirty objections to the constitution and answers to five common Federalist assertions. The stated objections included: the powers of Congress, the president, and the courts; the long term of federal officers; counting slaves in apportioning representation; the lack of a bill of rights; and the Supremacy Clause of Article Six.
In general, the committee believed that the proposed government would be more arbitrary and despotic than that of Britain. In an April 23, 1788 circular, the committee argued that the Constitution created not a federal government but a consolidated, national government.
# Picture maze

A picture maze is a maze puzzle designed to resemble something visually, or one where the solution traces out a particular picture.

## History

Picture mazes were first pioneered by Francesco Segala, a 15th-century architect from Padua, Italy. He created puzzle maze designs, mainly in figurative forms. His designs included ships, dolphins, crabs, dogs, snails, horsemen and human figures. It is doubtful whether any of his designs were actually constructed in hedges.
In 1975, the English maze designer Randoll Coate began his life's work of creating numerous "symbolic" mazes, which combined a distinctive outer image with further internal symbols and images. His earliest works, built as hedge mazes in the landscape, included "Imprint" (a gigantic footprint) in a private garden in Oxfordhsire, England in 1975; "Creation" (egg-shaped, containing a Minotaur, and - alternatively but superimposed - the Garden of Eden story) at Varmlands Saby, Varmlands, Sweden, in 1977; and "Pyramid" at the Château de Belœil, Belgium, in 1979. Randoll Coate went on to create many dozens of further symbolic mazes, 15 in conjunction with fellow Englishman Adrian Fisher.
The world's first cornfield maize maze was a picture maze, portraying a Stegosaurus (it being the year that the film Jurassic Park was premiered). This maze was created in 1993 at Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania, USA. It was the first of six cornfield maize mazes, each designed by Adrian Fisher, that have set Guinness World Records for progressively larger maize mazes, each one being a picture maze.

## Image puzzles

A style of pen-and-paper picture maze popularized by Japanese publisher Nikoli, known as ukidashi meiro or PictoMazes, involves solving a maze puzzle in the regular way, drawing a path from the entrance to exit of the puzzle, avoiding the dead ends. The shape of this shortest path - particularly if emphasized by coloring in the grid squares visited - then reveals a hidden picture.
Because of two rules, it is far simpler to reverse the process to solve this puzzle. Starting at a dead end, the path is filled until it reaches an intersection with three or more paths connecting to it. This process is repeated until all dead-end paths are filled, often showing the shortest path. On larger pieces, this is the only way to solve, as there are too many possible but incorrect paths, and chance of finding the correct path based on intuition, logic or simple luck is almost nonexistent.

## Computer algorithm picture mazes

Using computer algorithms, picture mazes can be created at different difficulty levels by controlling the length and density of the false paths. There are picture mazes in various sizes, from small mazes of 25×25 and up to colossal poster mazes of 200×200.
# Photomixing

Photomixing is the generation of continuous wave terahertz radiation from two lasers. The beams are mixed together and focused onto a photomixer device which generates the terahertz radiation.
It is technologically significant because there are few sources capable of providing radiation in this waveband, others include frequency multiplied electronic/microwave sources, quantum cascade laser and ultrashort pulsed lasers with photoconductive switches as used in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The advantages of this technique are that it is continuously tunable over the frequency range from 300 GHz to 3 THz (10 cm$^{−1}$ to 100 cm$^{−1}$) (1 mm to 0.1 mm), and spectral resolutions in the order of 1 MHz can be achieved. However, the achievable power is on the order of 10$^{−8}$ W.

## Principle

Two continuous wave lasers with identical polarisation are required, the lasers with frequency ω$_1$ and ω$_2$ are spatially overlapped to generate a terahertz beatnote. The co-linear lasers are then used to illuminate an ultra fast semiconductor material such as GaAs. The photonic absorption and the short charge carrier lifetime results in the modulation of the conductivity at the desired terahertz frequency ω$_{THz}$ = ω$_1$ - ω$_2$. An applied electric field allows the conductivity variation to be converted into a current which is radiated by a pair of antenna. A typical photoconductive device or 'photomixer' is made from low temperature GaAs with a patterned metalized layer which is used to form an electrode array and radiating antenna.

## High resolution spectrometer

The photomixing source can then form the basis of a laser spectrometer which can be used to examine the THz signature of various subjects such as gases, liquids or solid materials.
The instrument can be divided into the following functional units:
* Laser sources which provide a THz beatnote in the optical domain. These are usually two near infrared lasers and maybe an optical amplifier.
* The photomixer device converts the beatnote into THz radiation, often emitted into free space by an integrated antenna.
* A THz propagation path, depending on the application suitable focusing elements are used to collimate the THz beam and allow it to pass through the sample under study.
* Detector, with the relatively low levels of available power, in the order of 1 μW, a sensitive detector is required to ensure a reasonable signal to noise ratio. Si bolometers provide a solution for in-coherent instruments. Alternatively a second photomixer device can be used as a detector and has the advantage of allowing coherent detection.
# Albert Orr

Albert George Orr is an Australian entomologist.

## Biography

Albert Orr was born in 1953 in Maleny, Queensland. He studied mathematics and entomology at Queensland University and graduated in 1974. He received a PhD from Griffith University in 1988 for work on mating in butterflies. From 1990 worked for 10 years at Universiti Brunei Darussalam, and from 2000, he has been an honorary research fellow at Griffith University.

## Publications and awards

In 2003, he published A Guide to the Dragonflies of Borneo, for which he received the Worldwide Dragonfly Association’s 2005 award for outstanding achievements and contributions to the science of odonatology. This book was the first comprehensive guide to the dragonflies of the region.
He and co-author Vincent J. Kalkman were awarded the 2013 Whitley Medal by the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales for Field Guide to the damselflies of New Guinea. In 2011 he was awarded a Whitley Certificate of Commendation for The Butterflies of Australia. The Butterflies of Australia received a favourable review i Austral Ecology for being accessible to a less specialist audience, but still providing a large amount of quality scientific insights, and thereby being an excellent complement to Michael Braby's encyclopaedic and definitive Butterflies of Australia. Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia (second edition), illustrated by Orr, was called an ”invaluable resource” in the Royal Entomological Society’s Review.
He has published four more guides to dragonflies and damselflies of Asia, as the sole author in collaboration with other entomologists. He has been the editor of The Australian Entomologist.

## Bibliography (books)

* A guide to the dragonflies of Borneo – Their identification and biology (2003)
* Dragonflies of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (2005)
* The Metalwing Demoiselles of the Eastern Tropics – Their Identification and Biology (with Matti Hämäläinen 2007)
* The Butterflies of Australia (with Roger L. Kitching, 2010)
* Field Guide to the damselflies of New Guinea (with Vincent J. Kalkman 2013)
* Field Guide to the dragonflies of New Guinea (with Vincent J. Kalkman 2015)
* A field guide to the common Dragonflies and Damselflies of Bhutan (with Thinley Gyeltshen and Vincent J. Kalkman, 2017)
* Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia (with Günther Theischinger and John Hawking, 2021)
# Pierre Clergue

Pierre Clergue was a priest in the village of Montaillou, France in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century. He is the central figure in Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's 1975 book Montaillou, a pioneering work of microhistory. Since then he has appeared in a number of other histories, and as the villain in the fictional work The Good Men by Charmaine Craig [de].

## Family

Pierre was the son of Pons and Mengarde Clergue. The Clergues were a family of wealthy peasants, by far the wealthiest in Montaillou and their power extended throughout the region. Pierre, the head of the family after the death of his father, became the priest of the village. His brother Bernard Clergue became the local bayle, the enforcer of laws and collector of taxes. The Clergue brothers thus had a central role in being the representatives of both religious and secular power in the town. As one of the few educated men in town Pierre Clergue also served as a notary and performed other such tasks.

## Catharism

Despite being a priest in a Roman Catholic church Pierre Clergue was a staunch Albigensian having been converted by the parfait Guillaume Authié. For many years he played an important role by convincing the inquisition to ignore Montaillou, despite its being filled with heretics. This changed in about 1300, when Pierre Clergue began to inform on some members of his parish. In 1308 he played a central role in the inquisition's move to arrest the entire adult population of the town. Pierre decided which villagers would be freed and which punished. He used this power to satisfy personal grievances. During this time he and his brother continued to provide shelter and aid to certain Cathars.

## Affairs with women

Pierre Clergue is notable for his sexual appetite—celibacy among priests was not strictly enforced in the Pyrenees at this time—having many mistresses over his long career as priest and virtual ruler of the town. The most important of these was Béatrice de Planisoles who as châtelaine was the nominal ruler of the village. Le Roy Ladurie lists nine women of Montaillou with whom he conducted affairs: Alazaïs Fauré, Raymonde Fauré, Béatrice de Planisoles, Grazide Lizier, Alazaïs Azéma, Gaillarde Benet, Alissende Roussel, Mengarde Buscailh, Na Maragda, Jacotte den Tort, Raymonde Guilhou, and Esclarmonde Clergue, his sister in law.
Pierre Clergue justified his philandering in several ways. Cathar doctrine taught that all sex was sinful, though more so within the confines of marriage, as the couple did not believe that they were erring. Since he expected to be absolved from all his sins upon his deathbed in the consolamentum he also felt he could sin without having to suffer for it.
In 1320 Pierre Clergue was arrested by the inquisition under the orders of Bishop Jacques Fournier. Despite a concerted campaign of bribery and calling in favours by his brother Bernard, Pierre remained in prison and eventually died there. There is no record of his testifying before the Inquisition.
# Albert Köhl

Julius Albert Köhl (born Jules Albert Koehl, 1879–1954) was a French-Swedish chef de cuisine.

## Biography

Albert Koehl was born in 1879, and grew up in central Strasbourg, Alsace, then the German Empire, to Xavier Koehl, and Caroline (née Gresse), as well as uncle to Edouard Dieffenbach. Married to Carolina (née Nordlander) in 1912, he was brother-in-law of John Nordlander. Besides education in Strasbourg, and military service in the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Bavarian Army in Munich (1900-1902), his apprenticeship was carried out in Bavaria, France, Austria, and Italy.
After chef service at European restaurants including at Grand Hôtel 1906–1912 in Stockholm, Sweden, together with its former maître d'hôtel Julius Grönlund, he co-founded Strand Hotel for the 1912 Summer Olympics, operating as chef de cuisine 1912–1955. Offering Stockholm's largest banquet hall, adjoined to the Bååt palace on Blasieholmen, "Strand" rivaled contemporary Stockholm as preference for habitués such as Greta Garbo, Ingrid Bergman, Erik Harald Zetterström, along with international royals, politicians, and artists.
Naturalized in 1922, he was a keen hunter, fisherman, and member of the Odd Fellows. He died in 1954, buried at Norra begravningsplatsen. His grandson, Dan Albert John Koehl (born 28 October 1959), son of engineer Gösta Albert Köhl (1916-1996), is an elephant trainer.
# Phymaphora pulchella

Phymaphora pulchella is a species of handsome fungus beetle in the family Endomychidae. It is found in North America.
# Phymasterna cyaneoguttata

Phymasterna cyaneoguttata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Léon Fairmaire in 1886. It is known from Madagascar.
# Phymaphora californica

Phymaphora californica is a species of handsome fungus beetle in the family Endomychidae. It is found in North America.
# Albert Wagner

Albert Wagner may refer to:
* Albert Wagner (architect) (1848–1898), architect from Germany who worked in New York City
* Albert Wagner (veteran) (1899–2007), veteran of the First World War
* Albert C. Wagner (1911–1987), director of the New Jersey Department of Corrections
# Helms Amendment

Helms Amendment may refer one of two legislative actions initiated by US Senator Jesse Helms:
* Helms Amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act, US legislation designed to limit the use of foreign assistance funds for abortion.
* Helms AIDS Amendments, legislation designed to limit the use of government funds for AIDS educational materials.
# Pierre Robin

Pierre Robin may refer to:
* Pierre Robin (designer), French aeroplane designer
* Pierre Robin (surgeon) (1867–1950), French surgeon
** Pierre Robin syndrome, a congenital condition of facial abnormalities
* Pierre Robin (judoka), French judoka
# Pier Paolo Capponi

Pier Paolo Capponi (9 June 1938 – 15 February 2018) was an Italian actor and screenwriter.

## Life and career

Born in Subiaco, after his studies Capponi attended a theater school and later was chosen by director Vittorio De Seta for an important role in Un uomo a metà. His film career was divided equally between auteur films (with, among others, Paolo e Vittorio Taviani, Valerio Zurlini, Gérard Corbiau, Francesco Rosi and Nelo Risi) and genre films, in which he was sometimes credited as Norman Clark. On the big screen with some regularity for a decade, after 1977 Capponi focused his appearances on TV series and on stage.

## Partial filmography

* Our Man in Casablanca (1966) - Hermann von Heufen
* Almost a Man (1966) - Ugo
* Maigret und sein größter Fall [de] (1966) - Man (uncredited)
* King of Hearts (1966) - Un Officier Anglais
* My Name Is Pecos (1966) - Joe Clane
* Mister X (1967) - Mister X
* The Subversives (1967) - Muzio
* Frame Up (1968) - O'Neil
* Black Jesus (1968) - Officer
* Il gatto selvaggio (1968)
* Commandos (1968) - Corbi
* Roma come Chicago (1968) - Director of Supermarket
* The Lady of Monza (1969) - Count Taverna
* Naked Violence (1969) - Duca
* Kill the Fatted Calf and Roast It (1970) - Il detective privato / The private detective
* Bocche cucite (1970) - Francesco
* Mafia Connection (1970) - Francesco Macaluso
* Many Wars Ago (1970) - Lieutenant Santini
* Defeat of the Mafia (1970) - Scott Luce
* Forbidden Photos of a Lady Above Suspicion (1970) - Peter
* The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) - Police Supt. Spini
* Il sergente Klems (1971) - Mohamed Abdel Krim
* A Season in Hell (1971)
* Il était une fois un flic... (1972) - Ugo (uncredited)
* Seven Blood-Stained Orchids (1972) - Inspector Vismara
* Valerie Inside Outside (1972) - David Rocchi
* The Nun and the Devil (1973) - Don Carlos
* The Boss (1973) - Cocchi
* Diario di un italiano (1973) - Lorenzo
* Abbasso tutti, viva noi (1974) - Rufo
* The Last Desperate Hours (1974) - The Inspector
* La badessa di Castro (1974) - Monsignor Francesco Cittadini
* Delitto d'autore (1974) - Marco Girardi
* Blood and Diamonds (1977) - Tony
* Antonio Gramsci: The Days of Prison (1977) - Enrico
* Standard (1978)
* La posta in gioco (1988) - Attilio Matrangola
* Bankomatt (1989) - Impiegato banca
* A Season of Giants (1990, TV Movie) - Burchard
* Au nom du père et du fils (1992) - Salvatore
* L'urlo della verità (1992) - Marcello's father
* Fiorile (1993) - Duilio
* L'amore dopo (1993) - Antonov
* 18000 giorni fa (1993) - Renzo Fraticelli
* Uno a me, uno a te e uno a Raffaele (1994) - The Lawyer
* Farinelli (1994) - Broschi
* The Bankers of God: The Calvi Affair (2002) - Roberto Rosone
* Legami di famiglia (2002)
# Pieces of Eight (disambiguation)

Pieces of eight were Spanish coins.
Pieces of Eight may refer to
* Pieces of Eight, an album by Styx 1978
* Pieces of Eight (Don Ellis Octet album), live album recorded 1967, released 2006
* Pieces of Eight (1959 revue), London, with sketches by Peter Cook
* Pieces of Eight (1985 musical), Edmonton, music by Jule Styne
* Pieces of Eight (plays), 8 one-act plays presented in 1982-1983, by Tom Stoppard and 7 other dramatists
* Pieces of Eight, shop on New Orleans Square Disneyland
* Pieces of Eight: The Monetary Powers and Disabilities of the United States Constitution by Edwin Vieira ISBN 9780815962267, ISBN 9780967175911

## Film and TV

* Pieces of Eight, 1956 BBC TV children's movie with Michael Caridia and other child actors
* Pieces of Eight, 1957 Season 1 Episode 2 of The Adventures of Long John Silver
* Pieces of Eight, Season 5 Episode 8 of Davey and Goliath (1960)
* Pieces of Eight, 1977 Season 1 Episode 3 of Eight Is Enough
* Pieces of Eight, 2003 Season 4 Episode 2 of Andromeda (TV series)
* Pieces of Eight, 2013 Season 1 Episode 15 of Swashbuckle (TV series)
* Pieces of Eight, 2016 Season 2 Episode 9 of The Coroner (TV series)
# Alan Caughter

Alan David Caughter (born 19 February 1946) is a Welsh footballer, who played as a full back in the Football League for Chester.