OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chungkhokai Doungel

Chungkhokai Doungel (1940/1941 – 21 May 2023) was an Indian politician. Doungel was a prominent Kuki leader, and served as Minister in different coalition governments in the state of Manipur.
Doungel and his sons survived various assassination attempts. He limped after having suffered an injury to his leg. His wife was blinded by a bomb sent to her on 7 July 1995.
Doungel was fielded by the NCP as its candidate in the Outer Manipur seat in the 2014 Indian general election. His candidature was supported by seven parties from the Left and Secular Alliance; the Communist Party of India, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the All India Forward Bloc, the Janata Dal (Secular), the Shiv Sena and the Bahujan Samaj Party. The NCP organized the launching ceremony of Doungel's election campaign at his private residence Sanjenthong. Amongst the other political parties that took part in the ceremony were the CPI and CPI(M).
Doungel died on 21 May 2023, at the age of 82.
# Chantal Simonot

Chantal Simonot was a Front National Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. Simonot resigned on 1 October 2004 and was replaced by Fernand Le Rachinel on 22 October.
# Vic McAlpin

Vic McAlpin (1918–1980) was an American songwriter.

## Biography

Originating from Defeated Creek in eastern Tennessee, McAlpin moved to Nashville at a young age. His passion for hillbilly music led him to the Grand Ole Opry, where he met Roy Acuff and Eddy Arnold. His debut composition, "All Alone in the World Without You," hit the country Top 10 in 1946, performed by Arnold.
McAlpin held various roles in the music industry. He wrote for Acuff-Rose Publications and Acclaim Music, promoted for Columbia Records, and later managed Melody Trails Publishing. His songs were performed by artists including Johnny Cash, Kitty Wells, Ferlin Husky, and Glen Campbell.
In 1970, McAlpin was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.
McAlpin died in 1980.
# Verdellino

Verdellino (Bergamasque: Erdelì) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Bergamo. The town is easily reachable by train, the station of Verdello-Dalmine is in fact located on Verdellino's soil and the stop is one of several on the railroad line that connects the two cities of Bergamo and Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,186 and an area of 3.8 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi).
Verdellino borders the following municipalities: Boltiere, Ciserano, Levate, Osio Sotto, Verdello.

## Transportation

* Verdello-Dalmine railway station
# Verdello

Verdello (Bergamasque: Erdèl) is a comune in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy. It has a population of 6,494.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Verdello is twinned with:
* Balaruc-les-Bains, France

## Transportation

* Verdello-Dalmine railway station
* This article on a location in the Province of Bergamo is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
* ↑ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
# David Hartsough

David Hartsough (born May 2, 1940) is an American Quaker peace activist. Formerly a long-time employee of the American Friends Service Committee, he is a co-founder of the Nonviolent Peaceforce.
Hartsough's parents were active in the peace movement. He embarked on his life's work after meeting Martin Luther King Jr. in 1956 when he was a student at Westtown School, a Quaker school in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Hartsough received his BA from Howard University and his MA from Columbia University in International Relations.
He has been involved in the civil rights and anti-Vietnam War movements. He worked 18 years for peace and justice with the American Friends Service Committee. Hartsough has engaged in nonviolent peacemaking in the US, Kosovo, the former Soviet Union, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Iran and Palestine and Israel.
Hartsough is the executive director of Peaceworkers, based in San Francisco. In 2002, he co-founded the Nonviolent Peaceforce; he was also a co-founder, in 2014, of World Beyond War.
With Joyce Hollyday, Hartsough co-authored Waging Peace: Global Adventures of a Lifelong Activist, 2014. ISBN 9781629630342
Hartsough received the USF Institute for Nonviolence and Social Justice (INSJ)’s 2021 Clarence B. Jones Award in Kingian Nonviolence.
He had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in 2020. In October 2020, he was diagnosed with Myelofibrosis and receiving chemotherapy.
Hartsough resides with his spouse Jan in San Francisco, California. He has two children and four grandchildren.
# David R. Cooke

David R. Cooke (born August 4, 1937) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1985 to 1990.

## Background

Cooke was educated at Queen's University, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree, and a law degree. He worked as a lawyer before entering political life.

## Politics

He ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1979 federal election as a candidate of the Liberal Party of Canada, but lost to Progressive Conservative John Reimer by about 7,000 votes in the riding of Kitchener.
He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1985 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative Don Travers by about 4,500 votes in the provincial constituency of Kitchener. He was re-elected by a greater margin in the 1987 provincial election. During his time in the legislature, Cooke served as a backbench supporter of David Peterson's government. He served as parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Citizenship in 1989.
David Cooke was appointed Chair of the Select Committee on Free trade when the Peterson government came into being in the Summer of 1985. As such he became the principal source of facts for the concern which the government expressed during all the negotiations. Cooke and the committee would cite problems; the US negotiators kept an ongoing vigil as to those concerns, and the Canadian federal negotiators would eventually respond.
When the FTA was finally signed, Cooke became the first chair of the first Standing Committee on Economic Affairs in Ontario. As such he pioneered the pre-budget hearings which continue to this day.
The Liberals were defeated by the New Democratic Party in the 1990 provincial election, and Cooke lost his seat to NDP candidate Will Ferguson by 6,019 votes.
Cooke was later appointed as an immigrant judge in the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
# Helbeck of Bannisdale

Helbeck of Bannisdale is a novel by Mary Augusta Ward, first published in 1898. It was one of her five bestselling novels.
# Hemiphragma

Hemiphragma may refer to:
* Hemiphragma (bryozoan), an extinct genus of bryozoans in the family Dittoporidae
* Hemiphragma (plant), a genus of plants in the family Plantaginaceae
# Verdugo Park

Verdugo Park is a large regional park in the southeastern Verdugo Mountains, within Glendale in Los Angeles County, California.
It is located at Cañada Boulevard near Verdugo Road and Glendale Community College.

## Amenities

* Ballfield,
* Basketball Court,
* Children's Play Area,
* Horseshoe Court,
* Picnic Areas,
* Skate Park,
* Special Facilities.
# Stall strips

A stall strip is a small component fixed to the leading edge of the wing of an airplane to modify its aerodynamic characteristics. These stall strips may be necessary for the airplane to comply with type certification requirements.
A stall strip typically consists of a small piece of material, usually aluminium, triangular in cross section and often 6-12 inches (15–30 cm) in length. It is riveted or bonded to the wing’s leading edge. Some airplanes have one stall strip on each wing. Some airplanes have only one stall strip on one wing.

## Operation

A stall strip initiates flow separation on a region of the upper surface of the wing during flight at high angle of attack. This is typically to avoid a tendency to spin following a stall, or to improve the controllability of the airplane as it approaches the stall. A stall strip may be intended to alter the wing’s stall characteristics and ensure that the wing root stalls before the wing tips.
In some cases, such as the American Aviation AA-1 Yankee, both wings are designed to incorporate stall strips. In the case of the AA-1 the left and right wings were identical, interchangeable and built on a single wing jig, thus the more traditional use of washout in the wing design was not possible.
Stall strips are usually factory-installed but, on rarer occasions, may be an after-market modification.
# Stall torque

Stall torque is the torque produced by a mechanical device whose output rotational speed is zero. It may also mean the torque load that causes the output rotational speed of a device to become zero, i.e., to cause stalling. Electric motors, steam engines and hydrodynamic transmissions are all capable of developing torque when stalled.
Stall torque is often expressed in units of kg·cm.

## Electric motors

Electric motors continue to provide torque when stalled. However, electric motors left in a stalled condition are prone to overheating and possible damage since the current flowing is maximum under these conditions.
The maximum torque an electric motor can produce in the long term when stalled without causing damage is called the maximum continuous stall torque.

## Hydrodynamic transmissions

A hydrodynamic torque multiplier (torque converter) produces stall torque when the load prevents the turbine (output stage) from rotating while the pump (input stage) is being driven. In most cases, damage due to overheating occurs if the stall condition persists for any significant length of time.

## Combustion engines

In the case of a petrol (gasoline) or Diesel engine, the stall torque may refer to the torque load that causes the engine to stall. The actual amount of torque is dependent on engine RPM and throttle opening.
# David Kappos

David "Dave" James Kappos (born March 3, 1961) is an attorney and former government official who served as Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) from 2009 to 2013. Kappos is currently a partner at New York law firm Cravath, Swaine & Moore.
Prior to being confirmed to the post by the U.S. Senate on August 7, 2009, Kappos was the vice president and assistant general counsel, intellectual property law, for IBM Corporation. Kappos announced his intent to step down from the position in late January 2013. His final day in office was February 1, 2013. He was succeeded by Teresa Stanek Rea as Acting Under Secretary and Acting Director.

## Early life and education

Kappos was born March 3, 1961, in Palos Verdes, California. He is the grandson of immigrants from Greece. Kappos received his Bachelor of Science in electrical and computer engineering from the University of California-Davis in 1983, and his Juris Doctor degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1990.

## Career
### IBM career

He joined IBM in 1983 as a development engineer and has served in a variety of roles before taking his last position at IBM, including intellectual property law attorney in IBM's Storage Division and Litigation group, IP Law Counsel in IBM's Software Group, assistant general counsel for IBM Asia/Pacific, IBM Corporate Counsel and assistant general counsel.

### USPTO tenure

Kappos became Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and USPTO Director in August 2009. In this capacity, he was a chief negotiator in the passage and implementation of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act; signed into law by President Barack Obama in September 2011. The legislation represents the most significant legislative change to the U.S. patent system since the Patent Act of 1952.
During his tenure, the USPTO's backlog dropped from over 770,000 to under 668,500 between 2009 and 2012. In November 2012, it was reported that Kappos intended to retire from the role in 2013, and he left office on February 1, 2013.

### Post-USPTO career

After leaving the USPTO, Kappos joined the law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore, where he advises clients on intellectual property matters relating to corporate mergers and acquisitions, litigation and fintech. He is also an adjunct professor of copyright litigation at Columbia Law School, and of legal advising for start up general counsel at Cornell Law School.

## Recognition

In 2016, he was named one of the “Top 25 Icons of IP” by Law360. In 2014, he was listed as one of The National Law Journal's inaugural “Top 50 Intellectual Property Trailblazers & Pioneers”. Kappos was inducted into the Intellectual Property Hall of Fame by Intellectual Asset Management magazine in 2012. He serves on the boards of directors of the Partnership for Public Service, the Center for Global Enterprise and the Intellectual Property Owners Education Foundation. Kappos is also the chair of the Advisory Council of the Naples Roundtable and the chair of the U.S.-China IP Cooperation Dialogue.
# Stanley Glacier

The Stanley Glacier locality in British Columbia is an exposure of the "thin" Stephen formation exhibiting soft-tissue preservation. Fossils were discovered by a hiker who reported the find to Parks Canada; this brought the site to the attention of scientists who were able to study the site and describe the new biota. The discovery of Burgess Shale-type preservation in the thin Stephen was unexpected, given the absence of the Cathedral escarpment in the area. Several new species, including Stanleycaris, have already been found in exploratory excavations at the site.
# Standard & Poor's Commodity Index

The Standard & Poor's Commodity Index (SPCI) was a commodity price index that measured the price changes in a cross section of agricultural and industrial commodities with actively traded U.S. futures contracts managed by Standard & Poor. The index covered five sectors - Energy, Metals, Grains, Livestock, and Fibers & Softs. Only commodities that are consumed for industrial use were included in the index. Weights in the index was determined by the dollar value of Commercial Open Interest (COI) for each component commodity, and rebalanced annually each February.
Effective January 31, 2008 Standard & Poor's discontinued calculation and publication of the S&P Commodity Index Series.

## History

In 2007, S&P bought 3 commodity indices from Goldman Sachs, this would become the S&P GSCI index, as part of this S&P decided to discontinue its own Standard & Poor's Commodity Index, which it did in 2008.

## Components and weightings (as of 2006)

* Natural Gas (17.66%)
* Unleaded Gas (12.16%)
* Heating Oil (12.13%)
* Crude Oil (11.41%)
* Wheat (5.15%)
* Live Cattle (4.87%)
* Corn (4.48%)
* Coffee (3.88%)
* Soybeans (3.84%)
* Sugar (3.80%)
* Silver (3.67%)
* Copper (3.39%)
* Cotton (3.22%)
* Soybean Oil (2.98%)
* Cocoa (2.79%)
* Soybean Meal (2.57%)
* Lean Hogs (2.04%)

## Other Indices

* Bloomberg Commodity Index (formerly known as Dow Jones–UBS Commodity Index, 2009-2014, formerly known as Dow Jones-AIG Commodity Index 1998-2009)
* Goldman Sachs Commodity Index
* Reuters/Jefferies CRB Index
* Rogers International Commodity Index
# David Weiss (musician)

David Weiss (born October 21, 1964) is a jazz trumpeter and the founder of The New Jazz Composers Octet.

## Career

He studied music at North Texas State University, graduating in 1986. Returning to New York, he performed with Jaki Byard, Frank Foster, and Jimmy Heath. He continued his studies with trumpeters Tommy Turrentine and Bill Hardman, as well as attending Barry Harris's jazz classes. Eventually leading an "after hours" session for Harris, he performed with such musicians as Stephen Scott, Winard Harper, Leon Parker, Sam Newsome, Justin Robinson, Rodney Kendrick, Roy Hargrove, Clifford Jordan, Mulgrew Miller, Jeff Watts, Terence Blanchard, Benny Green, and Billy Hart.
In 1990, Weiss started a band with tenor saxophonist Craig Handy. The rest of the band rotated: Benny Green, Stephen Scott, or Dave Kikoski on piano, Christian McBride on bass, and Billy Hart or Jeff Watts on drums. Weiss assisted Handy with the music of The Cosby Mysteries, including arranging the title theme. From there, he began arranging for such artists as Abbey Lincoln, Freddie Hubbard, and Rodney Kendrick, Alto Legacy with Phil Woods, Vincent Herring, and Antonio Hart. He arranged an album called Haunted Melodies in tribute to Rahsaan Roland Kirk, as well as tribute concerts at Birdland for Freddie Hubbard, Booker Little, and Lee Morgan.
Recognizing a dearth of new jazz composition, Weiss founded The New Jazz Composers Octet, which Ben Ratliff of The New York Times immediately hailed as "the sound of the new jazz mainstream." Weiss's compositions on the Octet's second album won him grants from Chamber Music America and Doris Duke Jazz Ensembles Project: New Works Creation and Presentation.
Weiss released his first album as leader, Breathing Room, in 2002, featuring Craig Handy, Xavier Davis, Dwayne Burno, Marcus Strickland, and E. J. Strickland, some of whom are involved with the Octet. It received four star ratings from DownBeat magazine, Jazzwise, and 52nd Street.

## Discography
### As leader

* Breathing Room (Fresh Sound, 2001)
* The Mirror (Fresh Sound, 2004)
* Snuck In (Sunnyside, 2008)
* Snuck Out (Sunnyside, 2008)
* Venture Inward (Posi-Tone, 2013)
* When Words Fail (Motema, 2014)
* Wake Up Call (Ropeadope, 2017)
With The Cookers
* Warriors (Jazz Legacy Productions, 2010)
* Cast The First Stone (Plus Loin Music/Harmonia Mundi, 2011)
* Believe (Motéma Music, 2012)
* Time And Time Again (Motéma Music, 2014)
* The Call Of The Wild And Peaceful Heart (Smoke Sessions, 2016)
* Look Out! (Gearbox, 2021)
With New Jazz Composers Octet
* First Steps Into Reality (Fresh Sound, 1999)
* Walkin' The Line (Fresh Sound, 2002)

### As sideman

* Tom Harrell, Time's Mirror (RCA Victor, 1999)
* Freddie Hubbard, New Colors (Hip Bop, 2001)
* Freddie Hubbard, On the Real Side (Four Quarters, 2008)
* Odean Pope, Odeans List (In+Out, 2009)
* Charles Tolliver, With Love (Blue Note, 2006)
# Victoria Montgomery

Victoria Montgomery was a theatrical performer on Broadway and off Broadway in the early 20th century.
The Passing of the Idle Rich was produced by the Winter Garden Theatre, 1634 Broadway in midtown Manhattan, in April 1913. The play, a work by Frederic Townsend Martin, showed scenes from a private car, the RMS Olympic, a millionaire's residence on Fifth Avenue, and a Mexican mine with an operative cage. R.A. Roberts staged the entertainment which included Montgomery, Beverley Sitgreaves, and Beatrice Prentice, in its cast.
Julius Hopp put together a cast for The World Aflame which included Montgomery and Ernest Milton. The war pageant drama went into rehearsal in May 1916. The Fulton Theatre (Helen Hayes Theatre) presented the three-act comedy, Her Honor the Mayor, in May 1918. Montgomery was among many actors associated with the play-producing group, The Actors and Authors Theatre, which staged this adaptation of a work by Arline Van Ness Hines.
Montgomery played with Kenneth Burton and Jean Ellyn in Under Cover, written by Jene French. It was produced by the Cherry Lane Theatre in 1930. The theme was a new angle to the sex angle.
Montgomery was hit by a truck just before the scheduled debut of Green Stick at the Provincetown Playhouse in October 1934. The play was postponed indefinitely when she was hospitalized at St. Vincent's Hospital following the accident, which occurred at Sixth Avenue and Fourth Street.
# Carlos Echazarreta Iñiguez

Carlos José Ramón Echazarreta Iñiguez (born 11 November 1934) was the 27th and 30th Mayor of the commune of Pichilemu, office which he held between May 1963 and May 1967, and through the early months of the Augusto Pinochet military regime, between September and November 1973. In 1967 he was succeeded by Carlos Rojas Pavez, and in 1973 he was succeeded by Mario Urrutia Carrasco. Echazarreta also was a regidor of Pichilemu for several terms between 1959 and 1973.

## Biography

Carlos Echazarreta Iñíguez was born on 11 November 1934 in Recoleta, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile, to Carlos Echazarreta Larraín—21st Mayor of Pichilemu—and María Iñíguez Infante. Like his father, Carlos José Ramón became a farmer. He completed his secondary studies at Colegio San Ignacio.

### Political career

In 1959, Echazarreta Iñiguez was elected regidor of the commune of Pichilemu, representing the United Conservative Party, for a four-year term, in which he shared office with Héctor Greene Valverde, Alberto Araneda Concha, and Sergio Morales Retamal, during the mayorship of Basilio Sánchez Beguiristain. He was elected mayor of Pichilemu on 19 May 1963; his council was composed by Manuel Córdova Morales, Héctor Greene Valverde, Osvaldo Vidal Vidal, and Washington Saldías Fuentealba. In 1967, now as a Christian Democrat, he was elected regidor for the mayorship of Carlos Rojas Pavez, and shared office with Washington Saldías Fuentealba, Flavio Álvarez Jorquera, and Mario Moraga Cáceres. Once again, he was re-elected regidor of Pichilemu in 1971 for the 1971–75 term, which was interrupted by the coup d'état of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte in 1973. During that term, Echazarreta shared the regidor office with Osvaldo Vidal Vidal, Jorge Díaz García, and Francisco Lorca Espinoza, through the mayorship of Washington Saldías Fuentealba. On 29 September 1973, he was appointed by the government junta as mayor of Pichilemu, and held the office until 10 November 1973, when a decreed was made to appoint Mario Urrutia Carrasco in his place.
In 2012, he returned to the political scene of Pichilemu by running for councilor of Pichilemu for the Regionalist Party of the Independents (PRI). In the election, Echazarreta Iñiguez obtained 98 votes (1.37%) out of 7,169, and was not elected.

### Other work

Echazarreta Iñiguez was a founding member of the Aerial Club of Pichilemu (Club Aéreo de Pichilemu, CAP), of which it was one of its director and, at some point, its president.

## Personal life

According to Guillermo de la Cuadra Gormaz's 1982 book Familias chilenas (Chilean families), Carlos Echazarreta Iñiguez married in first nuptials with María Inés Bezanilla Infante; the couple divorced in 1996 and Echazarreta later married Eliana Guzmán Lyon. Echazarreta has had children in his marriages.
# Count of Santa Cruz

Count of Santa Cruz (in Portuguese Conde de Santa Cruz) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree of King Philip II of Portugal, also known as Philip III of Spain, dated from October 3, 1593, and granted to Francisco de Mascarenhas (1530-1608), nephew of Dom Pedro de Mascarenhas, 6th Viceroy of Portuguese India.
Through a remarkable marriage policy, this family inherited several other titles and estates, such as Marquess of Gouveia in 1686, and Duke of Aveiro in 1745.

## List of the counts

* Francisco de Mascarenhas (1530–1608), 1st Count of Vila da Horta and 13th Viceroy of Portuguese India;
* Martinho Mascarenhas (1570–?), 2nd Count of Santa Cruz;
* Beatriz Mascarenhas (1610–? ), 3rd Countess of Santa Cruz. She married a distant cousin, João de Mascarenhas (1600-1668), who became 3rd Count of Santa Cruz by marriage;
* Martinho Mascarenhas (1630–1676), 4th Count of Santa Cruz;
* João Mascarenhas (1650–1691), 5th Count of Santa Cruz;
* Martinho Mascarenhas (1681–1723), 6th Count of Santa Cruz and 3rd Marquess of Gouveia;
* João Mascarenhas (1699–?), 7th Count of Santa Cruz and 4th Marquess of Gouveia, forced to renounce the title after fleeing Portugal for adultery, he chose to live maritally with his mother;
* José Mascarenhas da Silva e Lencastre (1708–1759), 8th Count of Santa Cruz, 5th Marquess of Gouveia and 8th Duke of Aveiro;
* Martinho Mascarenhas (1740–1804), 9th Count of Santa Cruz and 6th Marquess of Gouveia. The last Count of Santa Cruz before the title was extinct following the Távora affair.