OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reciprocal cross

In genetics, a reciprocal cross is a breeding experiment designed to test the role of parental sex on a given inheritance pattern. All parent organisms must be true breeding to properly carry out such an experiment. In one cross, a male expressing the trait of interest will be crossed with a female not expressing the trait. In the other, a female expressing the trait of interest will be crossed with a male not expressing the trait. It is the cross that could be made either way or independent of the sex of the parents. For example, suppose a biologist wished to identify whether a hypothetical allele Z, a variant of some gene A, is on the male or female sex chromosome. They might first cross a Z-trait female with an A-trait male and observe the offspring. Next, they would cross an A-trait female with a Z-trait male and observe the offspring. Via principles of dominant and recessive alleles, they could then (perhaps after cross-breeding the offspring as well) make an inference as to which sex chromosome contains the gene Z, if either in fact did.

## Reciprocal cross in practice

Given that the trait of interest is either autosomal or sex-linked and follows by either complete dominance or incomplete dominance, a reciprocal cross following two generations will determine the mode of inheritance of the trait.

### White-eye mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

Sex linkage was first reported by Doncaster and Raynor in 1906 who studied the inheritance of a colour mutation in a moth, Abraxas grossulariata. Thomas Hunt Morgan later showed that a new white-eye mutation in Drosophila melanogaster was also sex-linked. He found that a white-eyed male crossed with a red-eyed female produced only red-eyed offspring. However, when they crossed a red-eyed male with a white-eyed female, the male offspring had white eyes while the female offspring had red eyes. The reason was that the white eye allele is sex-linked (more specifically, on the X chromosome) and recessive.
The analysis can be more easily shown with Punnett squares:
Table 1. Wild-type Male x Mutant Female ( X(wt)Y x X(mut)X(mut)) :
| | X (mut) | X (mut) |
| X (wt) | X (mut) X (wt) Red eye Female | X (mut) X (wt) Red eye Female |
| Y | X (mut) Y White eye Male | X (mut) Y White eye Male |
Table 2. Mutant Male x Wild-type Female ( X(mut)Y x X(wt)X(wt) ) :
| | X (wt) | X (wt) |
| X (mut) | X (mut) X (wt) Red eye Female | X (mut) X (wt) Red eye Female |
| Y | X (wt) Y Red eye Male | X (wt) Y Red eye Male |
As shown in Table 1, the male offspring are white-eyed and the female offspring are red-eyed. The female offspring are carrying the mutant white-eye allele X(mut), but do not express it phenotypically because it is recessive. Although the males carry only one mutant allele like the females, the X-chromosome takes precedence over the Y and the recessive phenotype is shown.
As shown in Table 2, all offspring are Red-eyed. The males are free of the mutation. The females however, are carriers.
# Dassa II

Dassa II is an arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Dassa-Zoumé. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 14,667.
# Koloi

Koloi (also known as Kalai or Koloy) is one of Tripuri clan in Tripura state of India. They are mainly dwelling in the West Tripura districts. They speak the language Kokborok (Tripuri) which is of Tibeto-Burmese origin.

## Notable People

* Kamal Koloi, current Executive Member of TTAADC . He was the former Editor-in-Chief of Kok Tripura.
* Debabrata Koloi, Politician was the former CEM of TTAADC for a short brief period during IPFT government between 2000 and 2005.
* Elizabeth Koloi, Kokborok singer & actress.
# IMEA

IMEA may refer to:
* Illinois Music Educators Association, a state-level organization promoting music education
* India, Middle East and Africa, a group of countries
* Indian Ministry of External Affairs, the foreign affairs agency of the government of India
* Eandis IMEA, a Belgian electrical power distribution company
* Interim Measures Extension Agreement, of the Clayoquot Sound Central Region Board
* Innovation in Music and Entertainment Awards, presented as part of the Popkomm trade show
* International Music and Entertainment Association, an American volunteer website with Awards
# IrAlCo

IrAlCo may refer to:
* Iranian Aluminium Company
* Irish Aluminium Company, established in 1964 by Franz Pol in Collinstown North Westmeath
# Dublin Gas Company Building

The Dublin Gas Company Building, more recently known as the School of Nursing and Midwifery, is an Art Deco building on D'Olier Street in Dublin. It was originally the headquarters for the Dublin Gas Company and more recently became the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Trinity College Dublin.

## Design

The headquarters of the Dublin Gas Company was designed and overseen by architects Robinson & Keefe between 1931 and 1934. It has frontages onto D'Olier Street, Leinster Market, and Hawkins Street. It was completed in several phases. The first phase of construction dates from 1818. Today, the building is considered one of the finest public buildings of the interwar period in Dublin. Its D'Olier Street facade and Hawkins Street facade are entirely different, stylistically. D'Olier Street is Art Deco whereas Hawkins Street has Neo-Tudor elements.
Ireland's National Inventory of Architectural Heritage describes the structure as incorporating unique elements such as "plain geometric facade, the Egyptian Revival themed foyer and the more subtle curves of stair well and stepped coving in the auditorium". The building once contained a cinema.
# Epicriopsis jilinensis

Epicriopsis jilinensis is a species of mite in the family Ameroseiidae.
# Inbetween

Inbetween is the second studio album by Swedish girlband Bubbles, released on 4 November 2002. It produced two hit singles on the Swedish charts. The song "Somewhere" entered into the charts on 26 April 2002. It peaked at number 10 and remained on the charts for 12 weeks, and it was also included on the Ice Age film. Then on 24 October 2002, "Round 'N' Round" entered into the charts and peaked at number 30, where it stayed for 20 weeks.

## Personnel
### Bubbles

* Caroline Ljungström - lead vocals
* Sandra Joxelius - lead vocals
* Patricia Joxelius - lead vocals
* Hannah Steffenburg - minor vocals
* Jenny Andersén (Yenny) - minor vocals

### Crew

* John Ballard - producer, songwriter, mixing
* Axel Breitung - producer, songwriter, mixing
* Alban Herlitz - songwriter
* P. Hardenberg - mixing
* E. Törnblom - producer, mixing
* D. Barkman - producer
* Bo Reimer - mixing
# Igny

Igny may refer to one of the following communes in France:
* Igny, Essonne, in the Essonne department
* Igny, Haute-Saône, in the Haute-Saône department
* Igny-Comblizy, in the Marne department
* Igny Abbey, in the Marne department
# Enallagma novaehispaniae

Enallagma novaehispaniae, the neotropical bluet, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in Central America, North America, and South America.
The IUCN conservation status of Enallagma novaehispaniae is "least concern", with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.
# Inchang High School

Inchang High School (Korean: 인창고등학교; RR: Inchang Godeung Hakgyo), also known as Inchang-Go(Korean: 인창고) or Seoul Inchang-Go(Korean: 서울 인창고) is one of the oldest private high schools in Seoul, South Korea founded in 1922.
# Des Voeux baronets

The Des Voeux baronetcy, of Indiaville in the Queen's County, was a title in the Baronetage of Ireland. It was created on 1 September 1787 for Charles des Voeux, who had gained great wealth in India and who later represented Carlow and Carlingford in the Irish House of Commons. He was the son of Martin Anthony Vinchon de Bacquencourt, who had assumed the surname of Des Voeux. The latter was born in France but had settled in Ireland after incurring the wrath of his family for having abandoned the Roman Catholic faith. He was a writer of polemical works. The title became extinct when the ninth Baronet (a lieutenant colonel, twice mentioned in dispatches) was killed in action in September 1944 during the Battle of Arnhem of the Second World War.

## Des Voeux baronets, of Indiaville (1787)

* Sir Charles Phillip Vinchon Des Voeux, 1st Baronet (c. 1746–1814) – grandfather of Sir George William Des Vœux, Governor of Hong Kong
* Sir Charles Des Voeux, 2nd Baronet (1779–1858)
** Charles Des Voeux (1802–1833)
* Sir Henry William Des Voeux, 3rd Baronet (1806–1868), vicar of Stapenhill-cum-Caldwell
* Sir Frederick Asheton Des Voeux, 4th Baronet (1818–1872)
* Sir Henry Dalrymple Des Voeux, 5th Baronet (1824–1894)
* Sir Charles Champagne Des Voeux, 6th Baronet (1827–1914) – brother of Sir George William Des Vœux, Governor of Hong Kong
* Sir Frederick Des Voeux, 7th Baronet (1857–1937)
* Sir Edward Alfred Des Voeux, 8th Baronet (1864–1941), killed in action aged 77 in Battle of Hong Kong while defending a power station in North Point as a private in the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps's Hughes Group.
* Sir (William) Richard de Bacquencourt Des Voeux, 9th Baronet (1911–1944)
# Landulf I (archbishop of Benevento)

Landulf I (died 982) was the bishop of Benevento from 956 and the first archbishop of Benevento from 969.
Landulf was installed as bishop no later than 19 December 956, because on that date Pope John XII addressed a letter to him. In February 967, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I visited Benevento and confirmed for Landulf his direct jurisdiction over the diocese of Siponto (which was effectively joined to that of Benevento) and over the sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo sul Monte Gargano in a diploma dated 13 February. The city of Siponto at the time lay within the Byzantine catepanate of Italy, outside of Otto's power.
On 26 May 969, at a synod in Rome presided over by Pope John XIII, Benevento became the second diocese in southern Italy to be raised to metropolitan rank after Capua (between 966 and 968). This synod was also attended by Otto I and Prince Pandulf I of Benevento, who both interceded on behalf of the diocese. These changes in the religious landscape of southern Italy took place amidst ongoing conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire for dominance in southern Italy. In 968, the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II raised Otranto to metropolitan rank. The promotion of Benevento was a response to Nikephoros's initiative. John XIII's bull addressed to Landulf confirming the promotion was also dated 26 May 969. The bull lists the suffragan dioceses under Landulf as Sant'Agata dei Goti, Avellino, Frigento, Ariano, Ascoli, Bovino, Vulturara, Larino, Telese and Alife. It also confirms the status of Siponto and Monte Gargano.
Landulf is well known for overseeing the production of several liturgical rotulae (scrolls) in Beneventan script now kept in the Biblioteca Casanatense in Rome. These were probably produced at the monastery of Santa Sofia. One of these, the benedictional Casanatense 724, ends with the words "I am Bishop Landulf's" (LANDOLFI EPISCOPI SUM) in gold capital block letters. It contains twelve illustrations of the archbishop giving ordinations and benedictions. The Exultet roll Vaticana lat. 9820 is a copy of one originally made for Landulf.
Landulf died in 982.
# Dublin Gospel Choir

The Dublin Gospel Choir are an Irish gospel choir that have been performing in Ireland since 1996.

## History

The choir was founded as a school choir in Dublin's inner city in the mid-1990s. The choir have performed over several years at Ireland's annual boutique festival, the Electric Picnic, appearing on the event's main stage for the sixth consecutive year in 2010. They also performed to an 82,000 person crowd at Croke Park in 2008.
The choir also featured (along with Chris de Burgh) on a special New Year's Day BBC Songs of Praise programme which was reputedly broadcast to over 35 million viewers worldwide. The group has performed with Paddy Casey, Rod Stewart, OutKast, Kodaline, Damien Rice, The Chieftains and Stevie Wonder.
# Indian Sands

Indian Sands may refer to:
* Indian Sands (Carpenterville, Oregon), listed on the NRHP in Oregon
* Indian Sands (Brookings, Oregon), listed on the NRHP in Oregon
# Unemployed Workers' Organisation

The Unemployed Workers' Organisation was an organisation of unemployed workers founded in London in 1923. It was a breakaway from the National Unemployed Workers' Movement (NUWM). They opposed the reformist politics and political control by the Communist Party of Great Britain. It was founded by Gunnar Soderberg, a Swedish seaman who had been active in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He had been the London organiser of the NUWM. The organisation was formed following the 1922 Unemployed March organised by the NUWM, whose objectives the UWO believed had been moderated in order to gain acceptance with the Labour Party.

## Manifesto

The "Manifesto of the Unemployed Workers' Organisation" was published on the front page of Workers' Dreadnought on Saturday 7 July 1923. The Manifesto started by differentiating itself from the NUWM which was viewed as being useless. This was attributed to a political leadership who knew nothing of working class experience. The manifesto advocated a "better policy which was based on the opening paragraphs of "The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace so long as hunger and want are found among millions of the working people and the Preamble of the IWW: few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life. Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organize as a class, take possession of the means of production, abolish the wage system, and live in harmony with the Earth. "The manifesto committed the organisation to direct action and rejected affiliation to any political party. The address given was that of the Bromley Public Hall, Bow Road, in the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar, London. A week later they had moved their address to Poplar Town Hall, Poplar High Street."
# Elmrahu

Elmrahu is an island belonging to the country of Estonia. The island is located west of the island Külalaid and is just off the coast of the much larger island Hiiumaa
# The Essential Yanni

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The Essential Yanni is a compilation album by keyboardist and composer Yanni, released on the Legacy label in 2010. The album peaked at #6 on Billboard's "Top New Age Albums" chart in 2010.

## Track listing

Disc 1
Disc 2

## Production

* A&R: Didier Deutsch
* Mastering Engineer: Maria Triana
* Product Development: David Foil & Jennifer Liebeskind
* Marketing: Leslie Collman-Smith & Scott Farthing
* Art Direction & Design: Roxanne Slimax
* Photography: Lynn Goldsmith
* Packaging Manager: Tammy Van Aken
(Production as described in CD liner notes.)
# Darwin's Brave New World

Darwin's Brave New World is a three-part (one hour each) drama-documentary TV series about Charles Darwin's evolution by means of natural selection. It uses reconstruction with present-day documentary between the 19th century and present day. The series was developed to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species.
It was produced with the assistance of the Canadian Television Fund in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Produced in association with the New South Wales Film and Television Office. It screened on ABC Australia in November 2009, and on CBC as part of the show The Nature of Things in November 2009.

## Cast

* Wendy Hughes as Narrator
* Socratis Otto as Charles Darwin
* Rick Jon Egan as Thomas Huxley
* Katie Fitchett as Emma Darwin
* Joe Manning as Sir Joseph Hooker
* Dan Spielman as Alfred Wallace
# Enallagma pictum

Enallagma pictum, the scarlet bluet, is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. They are found from New Brunswick, Canada to Maryland.

## Identification

The scarlet bluet is a damselfly with a length of 29.5–30.5 mm (1.16–1.20 in) long. The male is predominantly red and black while the female is light green and black.

## Flight season

Scarlet bluets have a flight season of mid May to September depending on range.
# Dilshod

Dilshodjon is a Persian (دلشاد, Delshad) masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Dilshodjon Rahmatov (born 14 September 2006)
* Dilshod Aripov (born 1977), Uzbekistani Greco-Roman wrestler
* Dilshod Choriev (born 1985), Uzbekistani judoka
* Dilshod Juraev (born 1992), Uzbekistani footballer
* Dilshod Mahmudov (born 1982), Uzbekistani boxer
* Dilshod Mansurov (born 1983), Uzbekistani freestyle wrestler
* Dilshod Mukhtarov (born 1975), Uzbekistani sport shooter
* Dilshod Nazarov (born 1982), Tajikistani hammer thrower
* Dilshod Rakhmatullaev (born 1989), Uzbekistani football midfielder
* Dilshod Sharofetdinov (born 1985), Uzbekistani footballer
* Dilshod Vasiev (born 1988), Tajikistani football midfielder
* Dilshod Yarbekov (born 1974), Uzbekistani boxer
* Dilshod Niyazov
* Dilshodbek Ruzmetov
# Des Warman

Desmond Warman is a former football (soccer) player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Warman played two official A-international matches for the New Zealand national football team in 1948, both against visiting trans-Tasman neighbours Australia, the first a 0–4 loss on 4 September, followed by a 1–8 loss on 9 September.
# Landulf I of Capua

Landulf I (c. 795 – 843), called the Old, was the first gastald of Capua of his illustrious family, which would rule Capua until 1058. According to the Cronaca della dinastia di Capua, he ruled in Old Capua for twenty five years and four months and in New Capua for another year and eight months. According to Erchempert, he was "a very bellicose man" (vir bellicosissimus).
In 839, according to the Chronica S. Benedicti Casinensis Landulf took the initiative in freeing Siconulf, the imprisoned brother of the assassinated Prince of Benevento, Sicard. He supported Siconulf in his war with the usurper Radelchis. Siconulf was proclaimed Prince in Salerno and Landulf pledged his city to him. He had fought for Sicard against Naples in his early years, but he concluded a peace treaty with the Neapolitans in order to be able to fully enter the war against Radelchis. Radelchis called in Saracen mercenaries and they sacked Capua in 841. The ruins of that city are all that is left of "Old Capua" (see Santa Maria Capua Vetere). Landulf founded the present-day Capua, "New Capua", at the hill of nearby Triflisco, which he fortified as "Rebelopolis", according to the Chronicon Salernitanum. It is from then that the chronicler says he ruled another year and eight months, dying probably in 843. It seems that, by the end of his life, he was employing the title of Count.
He left four sons of prominence in the next decades in the Mezzogiorno: Lando, who succeeded him, Pando, who became marepaphias at Salerno and later count of Capua, Landenulf, the first Count of Teano and father of three later Counts of Capua, and Landulf, who became both bishop and later Count of Capua.

## Sources

* Historia Langabardorvm Beneventarnorvm at The Latin Library
* Chronica S. Benedicti Casinensis at Institut für Mittelalter Forschung
* Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LXIII Labroca – Laterza. Rome, 2004.
| Preceded bynone | Gastald of Capua 815–843 | Succeeded byLando I |
# Colin O'Mahony

Colin O'Mahony is a Gaelic footballer from County Kerry. He has been a key player in much underage success for the county. He was part of the Kerry minor panel that won the 2004 Munster Championship and later lost out to Tyrone in the All Ireland final. He then moved on to the Under 21 side where again he won a Munster Championship and later helped Kerry to a first Under 21 All Ireland title in 10 years when they beat Kildare in the final. After some impressive displays with the Under 21s he got a call up to the county junior team where he won his second Munster Championship of the year, he was back with the junior team once in 2010 when he won another Munster title and helped Kerry to a place in the All Ireland final where they were shocked by Sligo on the day.
He plays his club football with his local Ballydonoghue and the Shannon Rangers teams.
# Epiphegia

Epiphegia is a monotypic genus of fungi, that was originally placed in the family Lophiostomataceae. It only contains one known species, Epiphegia microcarpa (Fuckel) Aptroot (1998) that is currently placed as incertae sedis within the Dothideomycetes class.
Former species include Epiphegia alni Nitschke ex G.H. Otth (1871) now Epiphegia microcarpa.
# Unbreakable (Stefanie Heinzmann song)

"Unbreakable" is a song by Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann. Written by Joss Stone and Rick Nowels, it was produced by Marek Pompetzki and Paul NZA for her second studio album, Roots to Grow (2009). The song was released as the album's second single.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 68 |
# Elms Hotel

Elms Hotel may refer to:
* Elms Hotel (Excelsior Springs, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in Missouri
* Elms Hotel (Abilene, Kansas), listed on the NRHP in Kansas
# Ischnochiton comptus

Ischnochiton comptus is a medium-sized polyplacophoran mollusc in the family Ischnochitonidae.
The species is 30 mm in size.

## Distribution

Mainly distributed in the North Pacific region, such as: South Korea, Taiwan, Mainland China, Japan especially in central Honshu. Can be seen on rocks in intertidal zone and neritic zone.
# Darwin!

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Darwin! is the second studio album by Banco del Mutuo Soccorso, released in 1972 on the Ricordi label. It is a concept album about the birth and the evolution of life on Earth.
The album is highly rated by progressive rock fans as one of the top albums in the genre.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Vittorio Nocenzi and Francesco Di Giacomo; all music is composed by Vittorio Nocenzi

## Personnel

* Pierluigi Calderoni - drums, timpani
* Vittorio Nocenzi - organ, harpsichord, synthesizer
* Renato D'Angelo - bass guitar, double bass
* it:Marcello Todaro - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, trumpet, backing vocals
* Gianni Nocenzi - piano, clarinet
* Francesco Di Giacomo - lead vocals
* Produced by Alessandro Colombini
* Engineered by Walter Patergnani
# Independence Park (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Independence Park is a 24-acre urban park at 300 Hawthorne Lane situated at the western end of the Elizabeth neighborhood in Charlotte, North Carolina. The park was created in 1924 at the urging of Charlotte industrialist Daniel Augustus Tompkins, founder of the Charlotte Observer, and is the oldest public park in Charlotte. It reopened in August 2023 after being closed for renovations that enhance accessibility and add permanent restrooms, among other improvements.
Independence Park is split into two sections by Hawthorne Lane. Both sections lie below street level which gives the park a secluded and tranquil atmosphere, despite the fact that the site commands excellent views of the Charlotte skyline. The lower park contains a winding path, a rose garden, large, leafy trees, a reflecting pond, and a gazebo. The upper park contains more trails, a playground, several athletic fields, and the 300 seat Independence Park Stadium.
Independence Park is the site in Charlotte of the Afro-Caribbean themed Juneteenth Festival of the Carolinas on June 19 of each year.

## Arhelger Memorial

In June 1931 a group of Girl Scouts from Charlotte was visiting Glen Burney Falls in Blowing Rock, North Carolina. One girl fell into the falls, and 21-year-old counselor Lillian Arhelger lost her life when she jumped in to save her. A memorial to the fallen hero was erected, and today the bronze and stone Lillian Arhelger Memorial, with its reflecting pool, is a prominent feature in the upper half of Independence Park.