OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bu Shang

Bu Shang (507 BC – 400 BC), commonly known by his courtesy name Zixia or as Buzi (Master Bu), was an ancient Chinese philosopher and a prominent disciple of Confucius who was considered one of the most accomplished in cultural learning. He was one of the five disciples who took chief responsibility for the transmission of Confucius' teachings. He played a significant role in the transmission of such classics as the Book of Poetry and the I Ching. He established his own school, and taught Marquess Wen of Wei, ruler of Wei, the most powerful state of the early Warring States period.

## Students

Said to be a teacher of early "Legalist" Li Kui, Bu Shang is cited for the principle of favoring talents over favoritism.

## Life
### Disciple of Confucius

It is uncertain which state Bu Shang came from. Different ancient sources name his birthplace variously as either Wey, Wei, or Wen (溫). Modern scholars, including Ch'ien Mu, generally believe he was from Wei. Born in 507 BC, he was 44 years younger than Confucius.
The most frequently mentioned characteristic of Bu Shang is his love of book learning, and he was well versed in the Classics. He recommended broad, committed learning, and more than a millennium after his lifetime, his phrase, "Reflect on things near at hand" (jinsi) was used as the title of one of the most important works of Neo-Confucianism, by Zhu Xi. However, he had a "tendency toward pedantry", and sometimes treated learning as "an end unto itself". While lavishing praise on him for cultural learning, Confucius mildly criticized Bu Shang for his pedantry, reminding him of the greater ultimate importance of virtuous action over learning.
The Analects and the Book of Rites record a number of Bu Shang's sayings, one of the best known being, "Life and death are a matter of Destiny; wealth and honor depend on Heaven".

### Later life

Bu Shang, along with Yan Yan, Zeng Shen, You Ruo, Zhuansun Shi, and Tantai Mieming, was among the disciples of Confucius who continued teaching after the death of their Master. Bu Shang established a school at Xihe (west of the Yellow River) in the State of Wei, where he taught numerous students, including Marquess Wen of Wei (r. 445–396 BC), the ruler of the state. His other influential students included Tian Zifang (田子方), Zhai Huang (翟璜), Duangan Mu (段干木), and Wei Cheng (魏成), all high-ranking ministers of Wei.
According to tradition, Gongyang Gao and Guliang Chi, authors of the Gongyang Zhuan and the Guliang Zhuan, two of the Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals, both studied the Spring and Autumn Annals under Bu Shang.
Bu Shang lived a long life. When his son predeceased him, he wept inconsolably and became blind.

## Legacy

In Confucian temples, Bu Shang's spirit tablet is placed fifth among the Twelve Wise Ones, on the east.
During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously awarded Bu Shang the nobility title of Marquess of Wei (魏侯). During the Song dynasty, he was further awarded the titles of Duke of Hedong (河東公) and Duke of Wei (魏公).
Bu Shang's offspring held the title of Wujing Boshi (五經博士; Wǔjīng Bóshì).
# Podhoretz

Podhoretz may refer to:
* Norman Podhoretz (born 1930), neoconservative writer and former editor of Commentary magazine
* John Podhoretz (born 1961), conservative writer and editor of Commentary magazine
# Bapi River

The Bapi River or Keri River is a river in northern Papua New Guinea.
# Bardas Kontomytes

Bardas Kontomytes was a member of the Amorian Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire.
He was the son of Irene, sister of Empress Theodora, and of Sergios, from whom he was related with the Patriarch Photios. He received the supreme court rank of magistros (probably in the second half of the reign of Michael III, after the end of the regency in 856). He married the daughter of the general Constantine Kontomytes, after which he assumed his father-in-law's surname (or sobriquet) of "Kontomytes". His brother Stephen also became a magistros.
# Addey

Addey is a surname. People with this surname include:
* John Addey (shipbuilder) (1550-1606), English shipwright
* John Addey (astrologer) (1920-1982), English astrologer
# Adam Hiorth

Adam Severin Hiorth (16 December 1816 – 20 December 1871) was a Norwegian merchant and industrial pioneer.

## Personal life

Hiorth was born in Drøbak as a son of shipmaster Fredrik Wilhelm Hiorth (1776–1844) and Louise Caroline Brodersen (1776–1860s). He died in Aker in 1871.
He married Anne Sofie Sommerfelt (1824–1898) in March 1849 in Lillehammer. She was a daughter of priest and botanist Søren Christian Sommerfeldt (1794–1838), and thus a sister of Christian Sommerfelt and Karl Linné Sommerfeldt.
He was an uncle of engineer Fredrik Hiorth and the grandfather of painter Agnes Hiorth. A son of Adam Hiorth married Giggi Sommerfelt, a daughter of dean Halfdan Einar Sommerfelt and granddaughter of Hiorth's business partner Ole Gjerdrum.

## Career

Hiorth finished school at 14, and then started working as a shop assistant. He was gradually given more responsibilities in the business, and also studied English and French language, and eventually passed the necessary examinations for getting a trading licence. In 1837 he started an agency in groceries and textiles, and in 1841 he co-founded the association Handelens Venner. He travelled to England to study new industrial technologies, in particular the cotton industry in Manchester.
Hiorth co-founded the company Nydalens Compagnie in 1845, along with wholesaler Hans Gulbranson, bailiff Ole Gjerdrum and engineer Oluf Nicolai Roll. The group bought rights to waterfalls of the river Akerselva in the valley Nydalen, where they built a cotton mill and later a weaving mill. Nydalens Compagnie developed into the largest textile company in Norway from the 1890s. It has also been said that Nydalens Compagnie, together with Nedre Vøiens Bomuldsspinderie, signalled the beginning of Norway's industrialization.
Hiorth also founded Christiania Mekaniske Væveri in 1847, together with Gulbranson, Roll, Peter J. K. Petersen and Iver Olsen. In 1857 Hiorth was a co-founder of the association Akerselvens Brugseierforening, a coordinating body for factories exploiting the waterfalls of the river Akerselva. Hiorth chose to resign as manager for the spinning mill in 1860, but was still a member of the board of directors. He was also a joint owner of other textile factories and of the match factory Jølsens Tændstikfabrik, and ran a trading company that imported lamp oil and machinery equipment.
# Bare Hills House

The Bare Hills House is a historic home built about 1856 in the Mount Washington area of Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story frame dwelling with steep gables and board-and batten siding. The house is an example of the Carpenter Gothic style of architecture.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1980. It is located at 6222 Falls Road in the Bare Hills Historic District.
# Adanalı

Adanalı is a Turkish crime comedy drama TV series that was broadcast by ATV in 2008.

## Cast

| Cast | Role | Sections | Reason for Leaving |
| Oktay Kaynarca | Adanalı (Yavuz Dikkaya) | 1-79 | lasted till last episode |
| Mehmet Akif Alakurt | Maraz Ali (Ali Gökdeniz) | 1-79 | Cengiz Komiser killed. |
| Selin Demiratar | İdil Ertürk | 1-47 | Atilla Komutan killed. |
| Zeynep Koltuk | Maria | 1-60 | Was killed by an exploded car. |
| Eda Özerkan | Nazlı Karabağ | 49-70 | Was killed with a long-barreled gun. |
| Serenay Sarıkaya | Sofia | 1-70 | She went abroad. |
| Çağkan Çulha | Engin | 1-79 | lasted till last episode. |
| Cemal Hünal | Alex Mertcan | 71-79 | lasted till last episode. |
| Tuğçe Özbudak | Pınar | 15-79 | lasted till last episode. |
| Selim Erdoğan | Neco | 71-79 | lasted till last episode. |
| Umut Oğuz | Fiko / Lezize Nine | 3-79 | lasted till last episode. |
| Ayhan Eroğlu | Matador İsmail | 2-57 | Maraz Ali killed. |
| Ozman Sirgood | Zeus (as Osman Soykut) | 13-17 | Maraz Ali killed. |
| Alican Yücesoy | Tilki Timur | 1-54 | Flees abroad with other gang members. |
| Fırat Albayram | Boncuk | 1-54 | Flees abroad with other gang members. |
| Rüzgar Aksoy | Ferruh | 1-54 | Flees abroad with other gang members. |
| Gökhan Kıraç | Mülayim | 1-30 | He went to the army. |
| Ebru Şam | Esra Komiser | 47-70 | left |
| Orhan Aydın | Nevzat Müdür | 1-69 | Maraz Ali killed. |
| Pınar Dikici | Ayşegül Gökdeniz | 1-30 | She went to university. |
| Seda Bakan | Başak | 24-30 | left |
| Ergun Taş | Öküz Ömer | 13-58 | left |
| Serdar Yeğin | Tarık | 19-30 | He was sent to prison. |
| Nilüfer Silsüpür | Derya | 1-30 | left |
| Mehmet Çepiç | Samet Komiser | 1-34 | left |
| Volkan Ünal | Ertan Başkomiser | 32-70 | left |
| Dolunay Soysert | Elif Müdür | 66-70 | left |
| Demir Karahan | Atilla Komutan | ? | |
# Podskale, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Podskale is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatowiec, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) east of Kazimierza Wielka and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Bar Room Buddies

"Bar Room Buddies" is a song written by Milton Brown, Cliff Crofford, Steve Dorff and Snuff Garrett, and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and actor Clint Eastwood. It was released in April 1980 and is featured on the soundtrack for the film Bronco Billy starring Eastwood. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the Billboard country charts.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1980) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1980) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 6 |
# Bar Rocks

The Bar Rocks (54°10′S 36°42′W﻿ / ﻿54.167°S 36.700°W﻿ / -54.167; -36.700) are a group of low rocks which lie near the head of Husvik Harbor in Stromness Bay, South Georgia. They were charted by DI personnel in 1928 and so named by them, presumably because their presence obstructs or impedes vessels approaching the head of the harbor.
# Adam Lareef

Adam Lareef (born 1 July 1980) is a footballer. A striker, he currently plays at the club level for VB Addu.
# Buchanan Township, Jefferson County, Iowa

Buchanan Township is a township in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States.
# Alina Kalistratova

Alina Kalistratova (born 6 November 1996) is a Ukrainian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
# Baron Nugent

Baron Nugent is a title that has been created three times, twice in the Peerage of Ireland and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. All three creations are extinct. The first creation came in the Peerage of Ireland in 1767 in favour of Robert Craggs-Nugent, who was made Viscount Clare at the same time. In 1776 he was further honoured when he was made Earl Nugent. For further history of this creation, see Earl Nugent and Viscount Cobham. The second creation came in the Peerage of Ireland in 1800 when Mary, Marchioness of Buckingham, was made Baroness Nugent, of Carlanstown in the county of Westmeath, with remainder to her second son Lord George Nugent-Grenville. She was the daughter of the first Earl Nugent and the wife of George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham. She was succeeded according to the special remainder by her younger son, Lord George, the second Baron. The title became extinct on his death in 1850. The third creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 22 August 1960 when Terence Nugent was made Baron Nugent, of West Harling in the county of Norfolk. This creation became extinct on his death in 1973.

## Baron Nugent; First creation (1767)

* see Earl Nugent and Viscount Cobham

## Baron Nugent; Second creation (1800)

* Mary Elizabeth Nugent, Marchioness of Buckingham and 1st Baroness Nugent (died 1812)
* George Nugent-Grenville, 2nd Baron Nugent (1789–1850)

## Baron Nugent; Third creation (1960)

* Terence Edmund Gascoigne Nugent, 1st Baron Nugent (1895–1973)
# Bulbophyllum toppingii

Bulbophyllum toppingii is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Police Anti-Terrorist Unit

The Police Anti-Terrorist Unit (PATU) was a paramilitary auxiliary arm of the British South Africa Police (BSAP) in Rhodesia. The unit was founded in 1966. The concept was created for guerrilla bush warfare and the personnel were both black and white policemen. The unit was abolished in 1980 following the dissolution of the BSAP.

## History

Until 1953, the BSAP was the only armed uniformed force permanently raised in Southern Rhodesia. PATU was formed in 1966 by the BSAP Chief Superintendent Bill Bailey who had served in the SAS during the Second World War. Bailey had observed tactics of the Long Range Desert Group and believed that smaller specialist units that could be deployed faster were more advanced ways to win wars. Following the start of the Rhodesian Bush War, Bailey was given permission by the BSAP to set the unit up. The first volunteers were mostly older police reserves who had training in tracking and bush craft but this later extended to regular policemen who had tracking skills. Though PATU was not designed as a military unit, they eventually ended up taking on the role of a reconnaissance unit for the Rhodesian Security Forces. They played a key role in the Battle of Sinoia in 1968 where they killed seven ZANLA guerrillas with air support from the Royal Rhodesian Air Force.
Their tactics involved them being deployed in groups of five known as "sticks". The group would always be led by a black policeman from a tribe who had tracking and hunting skills and would act as interpreter. The remaining four would tend to be made up of four white policemen, though some did have tracking experience. This ratio would be common and there was only one all-black stick. Initially they patrolled in police uniform but after Operation Cauldron, where there was hesitancy from a Rhodesian Light Infantry commando on firing at an enemy because they wore the same colour trousers as the BSAP's riot uniforms, PATU were issued camouflage uniforms.
The plan for the unit was that they would be able to stay in the field for long periods of time after rapid deployment. However, due to lack of suitable volunteers in rural areas, a lot of the white policemen joining PATU sticks were white immigrants to Rhodesia who had lived in urban areas and had no experience of the bush. Sometimes their numbers were made up by policemen seconded from the South African Police, a decision not popular with local Rhodesians due to the South Africans' tendency to make pro-apartheid comments whilst on patrol. Eventually a majority of those in the police would have taken part in PATU, though later younger policemen were moved to the Police Support Unit. The unit was abolished in 1980 when the BSAP was disbanded.
# Aleksandar Jovanović (journalist)

Aleksandar Jovanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Јовановић; born 12 February 1968) is a journalist, editor, television personality, and politician in Serbia. He has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2020 as a member of the Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS).

## Private life and media career

Jovanović lives in Belgrade. He has served at different times as editor-in-chief and creative director of telegraf.rs, a tabloid news portal. He has also appeared on the reality television programs Veliki brat (Big Brother; 2007) and Farma (The Farm; 2009). In 2013, he attracted unfavourable media coverage for hitting KK Partizan coach Duško Vujošević with a basketball during a game against KK Crvena zvezda.

## Politician

The PUPS contested the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election in an alliance with the Serbian Progressive Party. Jovanović received the 117th position on the Progressive Party's Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children coalition list and was elected when the list won a landslide majority with 188 mandates. He is now a member of the committee on human and minority rights and gender equality, a deputy member of the culture and information committee, the environmental protection committee, and the committee on the diaspora and Serbs in the region, and a member of Serbia's parliamentary friendship groups with China, Egypt, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States of America.
# Carl Hummel

Carl Maria Nicolaus Hummel (31 August 1821, Weimar – 16 June 1907, Weimar) was a German landscape painter and etcher.

## Life and work

He was the son of Austrian composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel and the opera singer Elisabeth Röckel. His studies began in 1841 under Friedrich Preller at the Fürstliche freie Zeichenschule Weimar. After graduating, he made several study trips to England, Norway, Rügen and the Tyrol, lingering in Italy and Sicily until 1846.
Upon his return, he settled in Weimar, where he became a professor at the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School in 1860. His paintings focus primarily on the Italian and Tyrolean Alps. They are widely displayed at museums throughout Northern Europe, including the Musée de la Vie Romantique in Paris.

## Sources

* "Carl Hummel", in Thieme-Becker, Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Vol. 18, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1925, p. 127.
* Paul Schmaling: Künstlerlexikon Hessen-Kassel 1777–2000. Mit den Malerkolonien Willingshausen und Kleinsassen. Jenior, Kassel 2001, ISBN 3-934377-96-3.
# Afrikaner (disambiguation)

Afrikaners are a South African ethnic group.
Afrikaner may also refer to:
* The Afrikaner dynasty of the Oorlam people in Namibia
* Afrikaner cattle, an indigenous South African breed of cattle historically primarily kept and herded by the Khoikhoi people
* Afrikaner sheep, an indigenous South African sheep breed
* HMSAS Afrikander, Navy, Gadfly-class flat-iron gunboat
* Some species of Gladiolus
# Aegomorphus conifera

Aegomorphus conifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1963.
# Dahlgren Chapel (Maryland)

Dahlgren Chapel is located at the summit of Turner's Gap in Western Maryland between Middletown and Boonsboro. The Gothic revival stone chapel was built in 1881 and consecrated as the Chapel of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Most of the building materials came from the immediate area of the site, while a marble altar was imported from Italy.
The chapel was built for Sarah Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren, daughter of Congressman Samuel Finley Vinton, who had married Admiral John A. Dahlgren, inventor of the Dahlgren gun, in 1865. Admiral Dahlgren died in 1870. Mrs. Dahlgren purchased a former tavern on South Mountain at Turner's Gap as a summer retreat, naming it Dahlgren Manor. The chapel was built across the National Road from the house. When Mrs. Dahlgren died in 1898, she was interred in the chapel's family crypt.
After a period under the ownership of the Sisters of the Holy Cross from 1922 to 1925 the chapel returned to the Dahlgren family. It was purchased in 1960 by Richard G. Griffin, who undertook a restoration. The property was acquired by the Central Maryland Heritage League in 1996. The chapel is included in the Turner's and Fox's Gaps Historic District, but as a non-contributing structure, owing to its post-Civil War construction, which places it outside the historic district's time of historic emphasis.
# Staša Gejo

Staša Gejo (Serbian Cyrillic: Сташа Гејо; born 25 November 1997) is a Serbian rock climber who specializes in competition climbing. She was the 2015 World Junior Champion in both competition bouldering and the combined event. In the senior category, she won the 2017 World Games in bouldering. She was the 2017 European champion in bouldering and came in third in combined scoring. In 2018 and 2021, she came in third at the World Championships in bouldering.

## Rankings
### Climbing World Cup

| Discipline | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Lead | - | - | 42 | 35 |
| Bouldering | 24 | 18 | 6 | 6 |
| Speed | - | - | - | 63 |
| Combined | - | - | 19 | 5 |

### Climbing World Championships

Youth
| Discipline | 2012 Youth B | 2013 Youth A | 2015 Junior | 2016 Junior |
| Lead | 4 | 20 | 10 | - |
| Bouldering | - | - | 1 | 7 |
| Speed | 10 | - | 13 | - |
| Combined | - | - | 1 | - |
Adult
| Discipline | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2021 |
| Lead | - | - | 38 | - |
| Bouldering | 49 | 7 | 3 | 3 |
| Speed | - | - | 35 | - |
| Combined | - | - | 7 | - |

### Climbing European Championships

Youth
| Discipline | 2012 Youth B | 2013 Youth A | 2014 Youth A | 2015 Junior | 2016 Junior |
| Lead | 2 | 19 | 6 | - | - |
| Bouldering | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Speed | 5 | 10 | 5 | - | - |
| Combined | - | - | - | - | - |
Adult
| Discipline | 2015 | 2017 | 2020 |
| Lead | - | 30 | 11 |
| Bouldering | 14 | 1 | 3 |
| Speed | - | 41 | 11 |
| Combined | - | 3 | 2 |
# Half Control

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Half Control is the fifth album by Six Finger Satellite, released on May 26, 2009 through Load Records. It comprises material the band recorded in 2001 before disbanding shortly after.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Six Finger Satellite

## Personnel
### Six Finger Satellite

* Shawn Greenlee – bass guitar
* Joel Kyack – guitar
* Richard Ivan Pelletier – drums
* Jeremiah Ryan – vocals, synthesizer

### Additional musicians and production

* Jeff Lipton – mastering
* Seth Manchester – mixing
* Dare Matheson – cover art
* Six Finger Satellite – mixing, recording
* Keith Souza – mixing
# Amastra variegata

Amastra variegata is a terrestrial snail species belonging to the family Amastridae.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Oahu, Hawaii and found in the Wai‘anae Mountains of Oʻahu. It is very rare and was only recently rediscovered. This species is vulnerable and susceptible to predation by rats.
# David Negrete Fernández

David Negrete Fernández (Spanish pronunciation:) was a Mexican colonel who participated in the Mexican Revolution. He was also a musician.

## Biography

David fought alongside military officer Felipe Ángeles as a part of División del Norte.
He married Emilia Moreno Anaya, who bore him:
* Consuelo Negrete Moreno
* Jorge Alberto Negrete Moreno
* Emilia Negrete Moreno
* Teresa Negrete Moreno
* David Negrete Moreno
* Rubén Negrete Moreno
David was a math teacher in Mexico City. He was also a father-in-law of Elisa Christy and María Félix.