OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lemuel P. Grant Mansion

The Lemuel P. Grant Mansion is a historic house located on St. Paul Avenue between Broyles and Grant streets in the Grant Park neighborhood of Atlanta. It is one of only three antebellum houses in the city of Atlanta still standing in their original locations. It is also by far the closest to what were in the 1860s the Atlanta city limits. The mansion was owned by Lemuel P. Grant, Atlanta's quintessential railroad man as well as a major landowner and civic leaderafter. Grant donated the land for Grant Park, which was named for him.
The three-story, Italianate mansion was built in 1856. The house was constructed of buff stucco with 2-foot (61 cm) wide walls, 10-foot (3.0 m) windows, nine fireplaces and a ballroom.

## Civil War

Union troops did not burn the house during the burning of Atlanta in 1864, despite the fact that it had been used as a Confederate hospital, because they found Masonic paraphernalia in the house, and troops had been instructed not to harm the houses of Masons.

## 20th century

In 1902, golf legend Bobby Jones was born here. The house was later a passion of Gone with the Wind author Margaret Mitchell. Beginning in the 1940s, neglect and fires damaged the mansions; it remained without its four porches and second story, and so part of the first floor was open to the elements.

## Restoration

In December 2001, the Atlanta Preservation Center purchased the house for $109,000; the house at the time scheduled to be demolished to build two new homes. The center moved its headquarters there in February 2002. In 2006 it completed the stabilization of the mansion's walls and in 2007 purchased an adjoining lot. Restoration of, and improvements to the house and grounds are ongoing.
# Chief of Staff of the Navy

Chief of Staff of the Navy may refer to:
* Chief of Staff of the French Navy
* Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy
* Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy
* Chief of Staff of the Navy (Spain)
* Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Navy
* Chief of Naval Operations
* Chief of the Royal Danish Navy
# Superpak Vol. I and II

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Superpak Vol. I and II are the second and third official compilation albums by American singer/actress Cher respectively. These compilations most prominently feature Cher's 1966 single, "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)", as well as her 1965 debut single, "All I Really Want to Do". The rest of the albums feature other singles by Cher from the 1960s. Among those singles are: "Needles and Pins", "Alfie", "Hey Joe", and many more. All the songs that are sung are covers of the original versions.

## Track listing
### Volume 2

Notes
* ^a Buffy Sainte-Marie is incorrectly credited as Buffy St. Marie.
* ^b Vito Pallavicini is uncredited.
* ^c You Better Sit Down Kids is incorrectly titled as You'd Better Sit Down Kids.
* ^d Dickey Lee is incorrectly credited as D. L. Lipscomb.
* ^e Robert Chauvigny is uncredited.
* ^f Hugo Peretti is incorrectly credited as Perette.

## Personnel

* Cher - lead vocals
* Sonny Bono - producer

## Charts
### Volume One

| Chart (1972) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 92 |

### Volume Two

| Chart (1972) | Peak position |
| United States Billboard 200 | 95 |
# Leo Rosen

Leo Rosen (26 March 1916 – 16 March 1991) was an American cryptanalyst who worked with Frank Rowlett at Signals Intelligence Service (S.I.S.) before the start of World War II on Japanese ciphers. Rowlett found a method to read the messages enciphered on the Japanese PURPLE machine. Rosen deduced correctly the mechanism of the cipher machine, even though the mechanism used by PURPLE, telephone stepping switches, was substantially different from other machines (such as the wired rotor and pinwheel machines).
Rosen was born in Woodbine, New Jersey, to Joseph Rosen and Catherine Shubina, emigrants from the Russian Empire.
Rosen built a replica of PURPLE which turned out (when a machine was found years later) to use stepping switches similar to those in common use at that time in the U.S. This machine was used to decode the Japanese diplomatic messages, sometimes before the Japanese ambassadors had themselves. Rosen also contributed his engineering talents during and after the war at Arlington Hall, after the S.I.S. became the Army Security Agency, later to become AFSA and finally the present National Security Agency.
He died in Arlington, Virginia, aged 71.
In 2010, he was posthumously inducted into the NSA Hall of Honor for his contributions to the cryptology world. He was represented by his son Lawrence Rosen and grandchildren Michael and Christine Rosen.
# Chitipa District

Chitipa District is the northernmost district in the Northern Region of Malawi. The capital is Chitipa (formerly known as Fort Hill). The district covers an area of 4,288 km$^2$, and has a population of 234,927. Chitipa borders fellow districts Karonga and Rumphi, as well as neighboring countries Tanzania and Zambia. The district is divided into five main areas known as Misuku to the east, Kameme to the north, Bulambia right at the centre while Wenya and Nthalire areas are situated to the south.

## Government and administrative divisions

There are five National Assembly constituencies in Chitipa:
* Chitipa - Central
* Chitipa - East
* Chitipa - North
* Chitipa - South
* Chitipa - Wenya
Since the 2009 election all of these constituencies have been held by members of the Democratic Progressive Party.
The district council has two arms of government: the political arm and administrative arm. The political arm is headed by an elected council chairperson, a position which has been held by Isaac Mwepa since 2014. The administrative arm is headed by a District Commissioner. The District also has ten elected councillors:
* Isaac Mwepa (who is also the council chairperson)
* Newton Sibale
* James Ng'ambi
* Maxwell Kayira
* Christopher Munyenyembe
* Chitatata Chunda
* Ginilon Mulungu
* Davie Silwimba
* Osman Kanyika
* Ambokire Chiona

## Demographics
### Ethnic groups

At the time of the 2018 Census of Malawi, the distribution of the population of Chitipa District by ethnic group was as follows:
* 30.4% Lambya
* 24.5% Tumbuka
* 15.4% Sukwa
* 1.1% Nkhonde
* 0.5% Chewa
* 0.3% Ngoni
* 0.1% Tonga
* 0.1% Lomwe
* 0.1% Yao
* 0.1% Nyanja
* 0.0% Mang'anja
* 0.0% Sena
* 27.5% Others

### Languages

A number of different languages or dialects spoken in the district. According to a language survey carried out in 2006 by the University of Malawi, the principal languages spoken are as follows (the spelling Ci- is also found):
* Chindali / Chisukwa / Chilambya
* Chinamwanga / Chimambwe / Chiwandya
* Chinyiha / Chinyika
* Chibemba
* Chitumbuka
The first three groups are fairly close, and are all classified as belonging to zone M in the Guthrie classification of Bantu languages (specifically to the Rukwa language group). Chibemba is also classified in zone M, but in a different group, while Chitumbuka is a little more distant and is classified as belonging to zone N.
The Nyiha language (Chinyiha or Cinyiha) is spoken in the far north-west corner of the district but also, in a form called Chinyika (which is described as a dialect of Chinyiha heavily influenced by Chitumbuka) further south around the village of Chisenga. Between these two, around the town of Chitipa itself, Lambya is dominant, although there are also pockets of speakers of Chinamwanga, Mambwe and Bemba. To the east of Chitipa, south of the Tanzanian border, live speakers of Chisukwa and Chindali. In the south of the district, Tumbuka is the main language. There are also a few Kyangonde speakers along the border with Karonga District.
# Chitinoteuthis

Chitinoteuthis is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.
# Lepechinia ganderi

Lepechinia ganderi is a rare species of perennial shrub in the mint family known by the common name San Diego pitcher sage or Gander's pitcher sage. An aromatic plant with white to lavender flowers, this species is only known from southern San Diego County in California and a small portion of Baja California, occurring on chaparral or coastal sage scrub in metavolcanic soils. Because of its limited range, it is under threat from growing urbanization and increased fire frequency.

## Description

Lepechinia ganderi is a short, aromatic shrub with slender branches coated in rough hairs and resin glands. The leaves are lance-shaped (lanceolate) and may have toothed (serrate) edges. The raceme inflorescence bears flowers on pedicels that are 1 to 2 cm long. Each flower has a base of long, pointed sepals below a white to light lavender tubular corolla. The flower is lipped at the mouth. The small, dark, hairless fruit develops attached to the sepals once the corolla falls.
The flowers are pollinated by bees and hummingbirds.

## Taxonomy

The type specimen of this species was collected on Otay Mountain. Plants of this species have a chromosome count of n = 16. Phylogenetic analyses place this species in a well-supported clade with Lepechinia calycinia, and within a larger clade that mostly consists of Mexican and Central American taxa.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is a near-endemic to southern San Diego County, California and the neighboring border region of Baja California. It is known from around 20 occurrences in the United States, many on federal land. The Mexican populations are not well studied. It is distributed throughout the coastal Peninsular Range foothills and mountains in this area, including Otay Mountain and the Jamul Mountains.
Plants of this species are typically found growing on rocky, metavolcanic, gabbroic substrates, often in habitats ranging from coastal sage scrub and chaparral to closed-cone coniferous forest, such as Tecate cypress groves, and grasslands, at elevations from 500 to 1060 meters.
# Taningia

Taningia is a genus of squid in the family Octopoteuthidae. For over 150 years, it has been believed to comprise a single species known as Taningia danae. Recently it has been shown to contain at least two new species (T. fimbria, T. rubea). Another species, Taningia persica, has historically been referred to but has been questioned.
This genus is named after Danish fisheries biologist Åge Vedel Tåning (1890-1958).
# Tandaura

Tandaura is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Nakodar, 46 kilometres (29 mi) from Kapurthala, 37 kilometres (23 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 155 kilometres (96 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 172 houses and population of 1013 of which include 493 are males while 520 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. Literacy rate of the village is 80.31%, higher than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 114 which is 11.25% of total population of the village, and child sex ratio is approximately 1426 higher than the state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 37.41% of total population in the village. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per census 2011, 327 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of the village which includes 280 males and 47 females. According to census survey report 2011, 89.30% workers describe their work as main work and 10.70% workers are involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Transport

Nakodar railway station is the nearest train station. The village is 61 kilometres (38 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 127 kilometres (79 mi) away in Amritsar.
# Chimarra adnama

Chimarra adnama is a species of fingernet caddisfly in the family Philopotamidae. It is found in South Asia.
# Super-Poissonian distribution

In mathematics, a super-Poissonian distribution is a probability distribution that has a larger variance than a Poisson distribution with the same mean. Conversely, a sub-Poissonian distribution has a smaller variance.
An example of super-Poissonian distribution is negative binomial distribution.
The Poisson distribution is a result of a process where the time (or an equivalent measure) between events has an exponential distribution, representing a memoryless process.

## Mathematical definition

In probability theory it is common to say a distribution, D, is a sub-distribution of another distribution E if D 's moment-generating function, is bounded by E 's up to a constant. In other words
    $E_{X\sim D}[\exp(tX)]\leq E_{X\sim E}[\exp(CtX)].$
for some C > 0. This implies that if $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are both from a sub-E distribution, then so is $X_{1}+X_{2}$.
A distribution is strictly sub- if C ≤ 1. From this definition a distribution, D, is sub-Poissonian if
    $E_{X\sim D}[\exp(tX)]\leq E_{X\sim {\text{Poisson}}(\lambda )}[\exp(tX)]=\exp(\lambda (e^{t}-1)),$
for all t > 0.
An example of a sub-Poissonian distribution is the Bernoulli distribution, since
    $E[\exp(tX)]=(1-p)+pe^{t}\leq \exp(p(e^{t}-1)).$
Because sub-Poissonianism is preserved by sums, we get that the binomial distribution is also sub-Poissonian.
# Hermann Ganswindt

Hermann Ganswindt (12 June 1856, Voigtshof bei Seeburg, East Prussia – 25 October 1934) was a German inventor and spaceflight scientist, whose inventions (such as the helicopter) are thought to have been ahead of his time.
He was born in Voigtshof near Seeburg, East Prussia. During his youth, he showed an interest in technology. As a student he developed a freewheel for bicycles, which he later produced in Berlin-Schöneberg. Following a suggestion by his parents he attended law school at the universities of Zurich and Leipzig. After completion of his military service he enrolled at the University of Berlin. However, he was exmatriculated for not undertaking his studies.
After 1880 he developed concepts for a space vehicle based on the principle of repulsion. His two-stage vehicle was designed to be driven by a series of dynamite explosions. Since it was to be taken aloft by way of a carrier vehicle, he designed a helicopter as early as 1884.
On 27 May 1891, he gave a public speech at the Berlin Philharmony in which he introduced his concept of a galactic vehicle (Weltenfahrzeug). In July 1901 the maiden flight of his helicopter took place in Berlin-Schöneberg, which probably was the first heavier-than-air motor-driven flight carrying humans. A movie covering the event was taken by Max Skladanowsky, but it remains lost.
In 1902, Ganswindt was accused of fraud and arrested because he had added a safety bar to his vehicle to prevent it from rolling. After spending eight weeks in pre-trial custody he was released after a flight demonstration proved his innocence. Nevertheless, his business was ruined. He died in Berlin in 1934.

## Legacy

Ganswindt's work is considered to be ahead of his time by several decades since his contemporary fellows had been unable to recognize the impact of his ideas. During his late years he kept in touch with Austrian rocket pioneer Max Valier as well as with German rocket pioneer Hermann Oberth, who shared his knowledge of Robert Goddard's work with him.
In 1975, the city of Berlin recognized his achievements by naming a bridge (Hermann-Ganswindt-Brücke) in Berlin-Schöneberg. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) named the lunar crater Ganswindt in his honor.
His enthusiasm towards space travel was shared by one of his sons, who worked for Wernher von Braun's moon program. His daughter Isolde Hausser became a physicist.
# Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, Rome

Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, commonly known as Corso Vittorio, is a wide east–west thoroughfare that courses through Rome. It connects a bridge over the Tiber, Ponte Vittorio Emanuele II, to both the Via Torre Argentina and Via del Plebiscito. The latter Via continues east from Piazza del Gesù and along Palazzo Venezia to reach Piazza Venezia which sits below the massive white Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II.
In its traverse from the Tiber through central Rome, Corso Vittorio runs along the Piazza della Chiesa Nuova standing before the facade of the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella (the Chiesa Nuova), past the Palazzo della Cancelleria on the right, past the Palazzo Braschi and the Rome Commune (City Hall), and then past the curving Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne and Sant' Andrea della Valle, until it splits into two streets at Largo di Torre Argentina, where the easterly direction continues up to the Piazza of the Gesù.
It was created by a resolution of 1886 and was named after Vittorio Emanuele II, the first King of Italy.

## Palazzi

* Palazzo Braschi
* Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
* Palazzo Massimo di Pirro
* Piccola Farnesina
* Palazzo Vidoni Caffarelli
* Palazzo della Valle
* Palazzo Sora
* Palazzo della Cancelleria

## Churches

* Santa Maria in Vallicella (the Chiesa Nuova)
* Sant' Andrea della Valle
* Gesù
* San Pantaleo
# Carnaby

Carnaby is a family name which may refer to:

## People

* Garth Carnaby (born 1950) New Zealand fibre physicist and science and public administrator
* Ivan Carnaby (1908–1974), Australian ornithologist
* Penny Carnaby, New Zealand librarian
* Tom Carnaby (1913–1971), British footballer
* William Carnaby (1595–1645), English politician
* William Carnaby (composer) (1772–1839), English organist and composer

## Places

* Carnaby Street, London, England
* Carnaby, East Riding of Yorkshire, a village in England
** Carnaby railway station
* RAF Carnaby, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
# Carolina Moon

Carolina Moon may refer to:
* "Carolina Moon" (song)
* Carolina Moon (1940 film)
* Carolina Moon (2007 film), based on the 2000 Nora Roberts novel
* Carolina Moon (2000 novel)
# Heywoodia

Heywoodia is a genus of plants in the Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1907. It contains only one known species, Heywoodia lucens, native to eastern, southeastern, and southern Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, Cape Province).
# Hibbertia scabra

Hibbertia scabra is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to the north of the Northern Territory. It is a small shrub with hairy foliage, linear to narrow elliptical leaves and yellow flowers arranged singly near the ends of branches with about fifty stamens arranged around two densely scaly carpels.

## Description

Hibbertia scabra is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 20 m (66 ft) and has its foliage covered with scales and rosette-like hairs. The leaves are linear to narrow elliptic, mostly 9.5–18 mm (0.37–0.71 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide on a petiole up to 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long. The flowers are arranged singly near the ends of branches, each flower on a wiry peduncle 12.8–22.5 mm (0.50–0.89 in) long, with linear bracts 2.4–2.6 mm (0.094–0.102 in) long at the base. The five sepals are joined at the base, the two outer sepal lobes 5.4–8.5 mm (0.21–0.33 in) long and 2.2–3.3 mm (0.087–0.130 in) wide, and the inner lobes slightly shorter but broader. The five petals are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, yellow, 5.5–11.6 mm (0.22–0.46 in) long and there are about fifty stamens arranged around two densely scaly carpels, each carpel with two ovules. Flowering occurs from March to April.

## Taxonomy

Hibbertia scabra was first formally described in 1863 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from specimens collected by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773) on the north coast of Northern Australia. The specific epithet (scabra) means "rough".

## Distribution and habitat

This hibbertia grows in woodland in a few locations in northern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.

## Conservation status

Hibbertia scabra is classified as "near threatened" under the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976.
# Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics

Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics is a nonintrusive (noninvasive) technique which maps material thickness using ultrasonic techniques.
Variations in material thickness due to corrosion can be identified and graphically portrayed as an image. The technique is widely used in the oil and gas industries for the in-service detection and characterization of corrosion in pipes and vessels. The data is stored on a computer and may be color coded to show differences in thickness readings.
Corrosion may be mapped using Zero degree ultrasonic probes, an Eddy current array and/or Time of flight detection methods.
The book Nondestructive Examination of Underwater Welded Structures by Victor S. Davey describes a "fully automated dual axis robotic scanner used for corrosion mapping normally using a single zero degree compression probe scanned in a raster pattern over the area of interest."
He also goes on to explain that "typically a 4 mm by 4 mm raster" is used.
# Carnot, Central African Republic

Carnot is a city located in the south west of the Central African Republic (CAR), in the prefecture of Mambéré.
It has a population of 54,551 (2012 census), making it the fourth largest city in CAR by population.
The city takes its name as a tribute to the assassinated French President Sadi Carnot.
The city is situated on the eastern bank of the Mambéré river, and is served by Carnot Airport.
Yams, cassava, and cotton are cultivated, and cattle are reared in the area. The region lacks a functioning health service and is affected by an extremely high mortality rate and a high disease burden of malaria, HIV and tuberculosis.

## History

In 1894, François Joseph Clozel founded a French military post near the village of Tendira. The locality was given the name Carnot in homage to the French president assassinated in 1894: Sadi Carnot (1837-1894).
In 1902, the town became home to the 5th company of the 1st RTS (Senegalese Rifle Regiment), a corps of colonial infantry in the French army.
On 4 November 1911, as part of the Franco-German Accord, an agreement that ended the Agadir Crisis, Carnot was ceded to the German Cameroon (Kamerun). While claimed by Germany, the region became known as Neukamerun.
During the First World War, the Kamerun campaign (1914), saw the departure of the German occupiers. As a result of this, France then re-claimed the region. By decree on 12 December 1920, Carnot became the capital of a subdivision of the district of Haute-Sangha, then the capital of the district of Mambéré-Lobaye, in French Congo (Colonie du Moyen-Congo). The city was involved in the rubber trade. From the middle of the 1920s onward, cars and roads were introduced to the area. A ferry across the Mambéré was commissioned in 1926. The region was struck by an earthquake in 1934. The following year a Protestant mission was built in Carnot.
French soldiers departed from the city in 1937. In 1938, Berbers and Fulani peoples arrived from North Africa and settled in the area. The first mosque was built in Carnot in 1940, and a bridge over the river Mambéré was constructed in 1944.
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic parish of Notre-Dame de la Mambéré de Carnot founded in 1945; it depends on the diocese of Berbérati.
The collapse of the mining industry in 2009, and resulting impoverishment of much of the population in Carnot, exacerbated the already poor health situation resulting in high levels of malnutrition and mortality.

### Civil war

On 1 February 2014 Seleka withdrew from Carnot leaving city under Anti-balaka control. Local Muslims were subject to threats and attacks. More than 18 people were killed until 8 February. In July 2017 it was reported to be under control of security forces. On 27 December 2020 rebels from Coalition of Patriots for Change took control of Carnot. They withdrew from the town on 30 December after looting public buildings and burning voting cards.
In December 2020, Carnot became the capital Mambéré Prefecture.

## Notable people

* Alexandre Banza