OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Knik Glacier

The Knik Glacier (Dena'ina: Skitnu Łi'a) is an ice field located 50 miles (80 km) east of Anchorage, Alaska on the northern end of the Chugach Mountains. The ice field averages over 25 miles (40 km) long and over 5 miles (8.0 km) across, making it one of the largest glaciers in southcentral Alaska. Knik Glacier feeds the 25-mile (40 km) long Knik River which empties into the Knik Arm section of Cook Inlet.

## Lake George

Lake George 61°15′00″N 148°37′00″W﻿ / ﻿61.25000°N 148.61667°W﻿ / 61.25000; -148.61667, a glacial lake formed near the face of the glacier, received national recognition by the National Natural Landmark (NNL) Program. Lake George was recognized because of a unique natural phenomenon called a "jökulhlaup", an Icelandic term for glacial lake outburst flood. The breakup of this ice dam would send a violent wall of water, ice and debris down the river valley causing massive flooding and sometimes devastation to local settlers' properties. The jökulhlaup occurred annually until it ceased in 1967 due to glacial recession, thought to be associated with the massive Good Friday earthquake of 1964.

## History

Early pioneers were said to hold a yearly lottery, gambling on the exact date when the jökulhlaup would break and flood the Knik River Valley. The flooding would often close vital transportation routes between Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Valley.

## Cinema

In 1991, Paramount Pictures used Knik Glacier to film a portion of Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. Knik Glacier was the setting for a scene in which Captain Kirk and Dr McCoy are rescued from the Klingon ice planet prison Rura Penthe. It is also featured as the backdrop for Lauren Daigle's video on her song Rescue.

## Tourism

The glacier is a tourist attraction, sharing its natural beauty with locals and visitors from around the world. With several tour companies operating in the area, visitors can view the glacier by air via a flightseeing company, all-terrain vehicle, jetboat, airboat charter, or on a guided packrafting tour.
The Knik Glacier and the beginning of the Knik River are managed under the Knik River Public Use Area (KRPUA) Management Plan. The KRPUA is a legislatively designated area managed by the State of Alaska's Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Division of Mining, Land, and Water, Southcentral Regional Office.

## Helicopter crash

On the 27th of March 2021, a heli-skiing crash occurred in the south of the glacier, killing 5 of the 6 on board. Among the dead was the businessman entrepreneur Petr Kellner, who at the time of his death was the wealthiest person in the Czech Republic.
# J. Lavell Smith

J. Lavell Smith (9 April 1892 – 5 June 1973) was a Canadian educator, administrator, and advocate of pacifism.
After serving as a lieutenant during World War I, Smith embraced pacifism under the influence of Reinhold Niebuhr and Harry F. Ward. In 1934 he organized a Canadian version of Hugh Richard Sheppard's Peace Pledge. Protesting militarization in Canada, he organized the Montreal chapter of the Fellowship of Reconciliation.
In 1939, with the start of World War II, Lavell Smith and the pastor of Toronto's Kingston Road United Church, Harold Toye (1884–1974), helped Robert Edis Fairbairn produce and circulate the Witness Against War manifesto signed by numerous United Church ministers.
As the wartime president of the Canadian Fellowship of Reconciliation, Smith encouraged cooperation with other humanitarian groups in assisting refugees and interned Japanese-Canadians, and Smith was "one of the few voices in Canada raised against the Allied strategic bombing of German cities". After World War II, before turning his attention to the antinuclear movement, "Smith was instrumental in the establishment of hostels for European refugee immigrants as well as credit unions and senior-citizen homes". Smith's concept of pacifism centred on the elimination of the causes of war, particularly arms manufacture, international inequality, and social inequality.
# Dreamscape Immersive

Dreamscape Immersive is an American entertainment and technology company. It creates story-based full-roam virtual reality (VR) experiences which allow up to six people to simultaneously explore a virtual 3D environment, seeing fully rendered avatars of one another. Using real-time motion capture technology, full body mapping, virtual reality headsets, and real-life room-scale stage sets, it enables users to move untethered in a virtual environment and interact with physical objects. The technology was created by Caecilia Charbonnier and Sylvain Chagué, and developed by engineers at Artanim, a Swiss research center specialized in motion-capture technologies.

## History

Dreamscape Immersive was co-founded by Walter Parkes, a film producer; Kevin Wall, a global live events producer, investor, and entrepreneur; Caecilia Charbonnier and Sylvain Chagué, co-founders of Artanim; and Ronald Menzel, an entrepreneur.
The company was launched in mid-2016, whereupon Bruce Vaughn, the former head of Disney's Imagineering, was appointed CEO and Aaron Grosky, former president of Control Room, was appointed COO. It operated in stealth mode until February of the following year. Based in Culver City, California, its first investors included IMAX, Westfield Malls, three film studios, and Steven Spielberg. AMC Theatres, Nickelodeon, and Majid Al Futtaim later invested in the company.
Dreamscape Immersive's first VR installation, Alien Zoo, opened at the Atrium in the Westfield Century City Mall in Los Angeles in February 2018. It was followed by The Blu: Deep Rescue, developed in partnership with TheBlu, and Curse of the Lost Pearl: A Magic Projector Adventure. DreamWorks' Dragons Flight Academy VR was released in December 2019. A Men in Black VR experience was announced in June 2019 and released in 2021.
After opening its flagship store in Los Angeles, Dreamscape Immersive opened its second permanent location August 2019 in Dallas's Northpark Mall. This location closed January 2023. Dreamscape Immersive then partnered with Majid Al Futtaim, opening its first international location January 2020 at Mall of the Emirates in Dubai. It quietly closed June 2023. Its third US location, in Columbus, Ohio, opened in February 2020 and closed in May 2023. In July 2021, Dreamscape Immersive partnered with Warner Media to open two experiences within the Harry Potter New York Storefront in New York City’s Flatiron District. After 18 months, both attractions had closed. A fourth US location was opened in Garden State Plaza in Paramus, NJ. That location opened in December 2021 and closed in May 2023. Dreamscape Immersive opens its first European location in Confédération Centre in Geneva, Switzerland, in July 2022. September 2022 they once again partnered with Majid Al Futtaim to open a location in Riyadh Park Mall, Saudi Arabia. On March 11, 2024, the Los Angeles location closed. Dreamscape Immersive currently operates one location in Saudi Arabia and one in Switzerland each.
# Entiat Glacier

Entiat Glacier is in Wenatchee National Forest in the U.S. state of Washington, on the northeast slopes of Mount Maude. Disconnected at several spots, the Entiat Glacier is in a cirque above the Entiat Valley and is the source of the Entiat River. The southern section of the glacier is the largest.
# Ukrainian State Road Fund

Ukrainian State Road Fund is a trust fund within the special fund of the state budget of Ukraine, which accumulates funds for the construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance of state and local roads. It was established in 2018.

## History

Due to chronic underfunding of the road industry in Ukraine, 95% of roads were in poor transport and operational condition, 40% of them need complete restoration as for 2018.
The bureaucratic system did not allow to achieve a better result, as most of the Ukrainian State Agency of Roads were being spent to repay previous commitments and credits.
On November 17, 2016, the Verkhovna Rada adopted three laws:
* On amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On sources of financing for the road sector of Ukraine" regarding the improvement of the mechanism for financing the road industry;
* On amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine regarding the improvement of the mechanism of financial support for the road industry;
* On amendments to some laws of Ukraine on reforming the management system for public highways;
On December 20, 2017, the Groysman Government approved the procedure for directing funds from taxes directly to the state road fund.

### 2018

The road fund began operating on January 1, 2018.
The total funding of the road fund in 2018 amounted to ₴47 billion. Thanks to this, a record 3800 km of national and local roads have been restored.

### 2019

The special fund of the state budget of Ukraine for 2019 provided ₴50.4 billion for the State Road Fund.
# Elizabeth Tate (disambiguation)

Elizabeth Tate was a civil rights activist.
Elizabeth Tate may also refer to:
* Elizabeth Tate (The Other Sister)
* Elizabeth Tate High School, see List of high schools in Iowa
* Elizabeth Tate, character, see List of Quantum Leap episodes
* Lizzie Tate or USS Victory (1863)
# Doug Robbins (baseball)

Doug Robbins (born July 6, 1966) is a former professional baseball catcher.

## Amateur career

Robbins played college baseball for Stanford University. In 1987, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Hyannis Mets of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Robbins was a member of the United States national baseball team at the 1988 Summer Olympics and 1988 Baseball World Cup. In the latter event, he hit .391/.533/.522 with 13 runs and 8 RBI in 9 games, starting ahead of Scott Servais. He was also signed by the Baltimore Orioles as a tenth round pick in the 1988 Major League Baseball Draft.

## Professional career

Robbins began his professional career with the Class A Frederick Keys in 1989. He was elevated to Class AA, playing for the Hagerstown Suns during the 1990 and 1991 seasons. He set the Suns single season record at the AA level for on-base percentage in 1991 at 0.444. He played for the AAA Rochester Red Wings in 1992 and batted over .300. In 1993, he was traded to the Oakland Athletics and ended up playing for the Class AAA Tacoma Tigers. He was a first baseman and catcher during most of his professional career. He never made it to the major leagues due to multiple injuries to his throwing shoulder.
# Daren Heerspink

Daren John Heerspink (born April 2, 1984) is a former gridiron football offensive tackle. He most recently played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Portland State.
Heerspink has also been a member of the St. Louis Rams.

## College career

Heerspink was three-year starter and a two-time Second-team All-Big Sky at RT in 2006 and 2007. Moved into the starting lineup for the last two games of the season after an injury to Adrian Limbrick in '05. Backup offensive lineman, got into eight games, mainly in special teams situations in '04. Redshirted the '03.

## Professional career
### Miami Dolphins

He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2008. Heerspink was signed to the Dolphins practice squad after being waived a week earlier.

### St. Louis Rams

After being cut by the Dolphins, Heerspink signed with the Rams on March 19, 2009. He was waived on July 1, 2009.

### BC Lions

Heerspink signed with the BC Lions on July 6, 2009 and joined their practice roster.
On July 16, he moved up to the starting left tackle position on the Lions roster.
On June 15, 2010 during training camp Heerspink was released by the Lions.
# Empylus

Empylus (1st century BC) was an Ancient Roman rhetorician. He was the companion, as we are told by Plutarch, of Brutus, to whom he dedicated a short essay, not destitute of merit, on the death of Caesar. It is not stated to what country he belonged.
"Empylus the Rhodian" is mentioned in a passage of Quintilian, where the text is very doubtful, as an orator referred to by Cicero, but no such name occurs in any extant work of the latter.
# I'll Say It's True

"I'll Say It's True" is a song written by and originally recorded by Johnny Cash for his 25th anniversary album Silver (1979). The song features George Jones on backing vocals.
Released as a single in 1979 (Columbia 1-11103, with "Cocaine Blues" from the same album on the opposite side), "I'll Say It's True" reached number 42 on U.S. Billboard's country chart.

## Charts

| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 42 |
# Landesbergen

Landesbergen is a municipality in the district of Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Weser, approx. 10 km southwest of Nienburg, and 35 km northeast of Minden.
Landesbergen was the seat of the former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Landesbergen.
# Enthusiast System Architecture

The Enthusiast System Architecture (ESA) specification is a royalty-free protocol for two-way communication of PC components. Announced in 2007, ESA is used for monitoring temperature of computer hardware components such as the computer case and power supply unit. The first and last official release of the ESA specification is version 1.0, released in 2007. The ESA USB specification was created by a joint venture between Microsoft, Nvidia, Logitech and several other companies. The protocol remains open and royalty-free; but, no manufacturers are currently utilizing its specification at this time. The last known devices to utilize the ESA specifications were the Dell XPS 730x and Alienware Area-51 ALX computer systems that utilized the ESA specification to control its fans, LEDs, and motorized doors as well as the monitoring of available Water cooling systems such as the Dell XPS 730x's Dell H$_2$Ceramic Cooling System.
The ESA specification is built around the current USB human interface device class specification and ESA was sent to the USB Implementers Forum HID subcommittee for discussion and approval in early 2007. The USBIF approved and inserted the ESA specification into the USB HID specifications as an extension in late 2007 (reference paper needed). All ESA-certified devices must pass USB 2.0 logo compliance. Readings of temperature, voltage, current, power, activity level, water level, status, position and so on can be monitored via USB Implementers Forum specifications. At the time of release, these devices could be controlled and monitored via the nTune application, while operating mode, voltages, rpm while also allowing these devices to be adjusted in the utility.
ESA devices have a microcontroller that integrates a USB 2.0-compliant full-speed device controller and ESA-compliant hardware components connects to the motherboard via a USB cable. ESA-compliant hardware components are seen as 'Collections'. Within the collections there are 'Zones'. Sensors and controls are organized into zones.
Only one software implementation exists; it is Nvidia's proprietary "System Tools with ESA Support" which only works on nForce-based motherboards and only runs on Windows.
# Uhaitz

Uhaitz or Ugaitz is a Basque word meaning 'torrential river'. It may refer to:

## Rivers

* Uhaitza or Uhaitz Handia 'big torrent', vernacular name of the Saison
* Uhaitxa (pronounced /uhajtʃa/), river of Sainte-Engrâce, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
* Uhaitza (Uraitza, Uhaitxe), river in Pagolle
* Uhaitz or Uhatz, brook in Ascain, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
* Uhaitz-zubi, a tributary of the Estang that rises in Jatxou
# USS Antietam

Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Antietam, after the Battle of Antietam.
* USS Antietam (1864), was a sailing sloop launched in 1864 and used as a stores ship.
* USS Antietam (CV-36), was an aircraft carrier commissioned at the end of World War II, a combatant in the Korean War, and decommissioned in 1963.
* USS Antietam (CG-54), is a guided missile cruiser commissioned in 1987, and currently in active service.
# The Loudest Whisper: Uwasa No Futari

The Loudest Whisper: Uwasa No Futari (ウワサの二人, "Rumored Couple") is the title of a yaoi manga by Temari Matsumoto. The manga is licensed in the United States by BLU, the Boys Love branch of Tokyopop, and was released in Germany by Egmont Manga in 2007.

## Plot

Aoyama, who is the student council president of Woods Ka Hill High School, and Vice President Akabane are the best friends. Although they intend to be ordinary friends with each other, for some reason those around them gossip that they are "well-matched couple." One day, Aoyama kisses Akabane on the pretext of an experiment...

## Manga

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| 1 | March 27, 2004 | 4-04-853737-7 | July 14, 2009 | 978-1427815743 |
| 2 | April 1, 2005 | 4-04-853817-9 | September 29, 2009 | 978-1427815750 |

## Reception

Carlo Santos, writing for Anime News Network, disliked the 'recycling' of character designs between stories, and felt that the plots were also repetitive. Katja Bürk, writing for animePRO, described the tales as "typical shonen-ai stories". Leroy Douresseaux described the stories as "well done stereotypical seme/uke tales" and found them " oh-so-fun to read". Michelle Smith found the age differences in some stories "disturbing", and found other stories were uninteresting.
* Anime and manga portal
# In This World (disambiguation)

In This World is a 2002 British docudrama directed by Michael Winterbottom.
In This World may refer to:
* "In This World" (song), a 2002 song by Moby
* In This World (Cindytalk album), 1988
* In This World (Mark Turner album), 1998
# I'll Say She Does

I'll Say She Does is a 1945 thriller novel by the British writer Peter Cheyney. It is the tenth in his series of novels featuring the FBI agent Lemmy Caution. Later editions of the book are generally titled I'll Say She Does!

## Synopsis

In the wake of the Second World War, Caution is in Paris on the trail of some missing State Department files. His hunt soon takes him to Britain.

## Adaptation

In 1960 it was made into the French film Women Are Like That directed by Bernard Borderie and starring Eddie Constantine, Françoise Brion and Alfred Adam.
# Digi-Comp II

The Digi-Comp II was a toy computer invented by John "Jack" Thomas Godfrey (1924–2009) in 1965 and manufactured by E.S.R., Inc. in the late 1960s, that used 1⁄2 inch (12.5 mm) marbles rolling down a ramp to perform basic calculations.

## Description

A two-level masonite platform with blue plastic guides served as the medium for a supply of marbles that rolled down an inclined plane, moving plastic cams as they went. The red plastic cams played the part of flip-flops in an electronic computer - as a marble passed one of the cams, it would flip the cam around - in one position, the cam would allow the marble to pass in one direction, in the other position, it would cause the marble to drop through a hole and roll to the collection of marbles at the bottom of the machine. The original Digi-Comp II platform measured 14 by 28.5 inches (36 cm × 72 cm).
The Digi-Comp II was not programmable, unlike the Digi-Comp I, an earlier offering in the E.S.R. product line that used an assortment of plastic slides, tubes, and bent metal wires to solve simple logic problems. However, the Digi-Comp II is more suitable for public display, since the only removable elements are the moving balls.

## Computational power

Computer scientist Scott Aaronson analyzed the computational power of the Digi-Comp II. There are several ways to mathematically model the device's computational capabilities. A natural abstraction is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in which each internal vertex has an out-degree of 2, representing a toggle cam that routes balls to one of two other vertices. A fixed number of balls are placed at a designated source vertex, and the decision problem is to determine whether any balls ever reach a designated sink vertex.
Aaronson showed that this decision problem, given as inputs a description of the DAG and the number of balls to run (encoded in unary), is complete under log-space reduction for CC, the class of problems log-space reducible to the stable marriage problem. He also showed that the variant of the problem in which the number of balls is encoded in binary, allowing the machine to run for an exponentially longer time, is still in the P class of complexity.

## Reproductions

A slightly downscaled reproduction of the Digi-Comp II, made from plywood, is available from Evil Mad Scientist since 2011. This reproduction uses 11 mm (7⁄16 in) steel pachinko balls, and measures 10 by 24 inches (25 cm × 61 cm).
In 2011, Evil Mad Scientist also created a giant variant measuring around 4 by 8 feet (1.2 m × 2.4 m) in size that uses billiard balls. The Stata Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology displays one copy of the giant version for hands-on operation by visitors.
# Codex Falkensteinensis

The Codex Falkensteinensis (also referred to as Codex diplomaticus Falkensteinensis or Liber traditionum comitatus Neuenburg-Falkenstein) is an important medieval manuscript. It was written in 1166 as a feud directory and urbarium by Canons of the Herrenchiemsee monastery, commissioned by the Counts of Neuburg-Falkenstein. Composed at the Neuburg castle near Vagen it is considered the only preserved secular codex from the Hohenstaufen era, the oldest extant book of conveyances from a secular lordship and the oldest European family archive. The original Latin version is preserved in the archives of the Bavarian state, a second Middle High German edition is lost.

## Historical and legal significance

The Codex Falkensteinensis, written in medieval Latin, lists possessions and estates of the Counts of Falkenstein, covering a large area between the Bavarian Mangfall valley, today's South Tyrol and Lower Austria, in addition to the dynasty's core countries in the Inn and Vils valleys. Intending to take part in Friedrich Barbarossa's fourth Italian expedition, Siboto IV ordered to draft the manuscript, with the aim to secure the property situation for his under-age children, should he perish during the campaign.
Originally, a second edition was written in German, in addition to the Latin version. It was cited by several historic authors, but was lost towards the end of the 17th century.
The oldest part of the Codex Falkensteinensis includes provisions for the guardianship of the count's children and a directory of fiefs and allodial property of the Falkenstein lineage. Later additions that were added until about 1193 contain legal and historical notes and lists of revenue and harvest.
Notably, the codex also includes recordings of an ecclesial penance, a medieval medicinal formula and a hint to a solar eclipse in 1133.
A unique feature of the manuscript is that it contained the copy of a clandestine letter of Siboto IV to his lower-Austrian vassal Ortwin von Merkenstein, in which he ordered to eliminate his enemy Rudolf von Piesting. It remains unclear if Siboto ordered a murder or blinding, or if the letter is forgery in order to disparage Siboto. An additional option is that the letter was written but kept by Siboto in order to use it as leverage towards his lower-Austrian relatives.

## Artistic aspects

The Codex diplomaticus Falkensteinensis is richly endowed with illustrations and miniatures that are influenced by the transition from byzantine art to European medieval illumination.
The first pages of the manuscript are illustrated with a pictorial representation of the count's family, showing Siboto IV, his wife Hildegard von Mödling and his sons Kuno and Siboto V. This illustration is considered to be one of the oldest family portraits. Four additional miniatures depict the major castles of the lineage, the Neuburg castle, the Falkenstein castle, Hartmannsberg and Hernstein. Other illustrations portray animals and farmers.