OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Enrico Costa (physicist)

Enrico Costa (born 1944 in Sassari, Sardinia) is an Italian astrophysicist, known for studies of gamma ray bursts (GRBs).
Costa's family moved in 1954 to Rome, where he spent the remainder of his childhood and adolescence and studied physics. For his PhD with Giulio Auriemma, he participated in rocket experiments with X-ray detectors at the IAS (Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale) in Rome. In 1976, he joined the IAS and worked on balloon experiments. Later he was involved in BeppoSAX, the Italian X-ray astronomy satellite (with Dutch participation, and ESA support), which operated from 1996 to 2003. Costa was in 1981 part of the team of Livio Scarsi, which proposed the construction of the satellite for X-ray detection. On the satellite was a Phoswich Detector System (PDS) used by Filippo Frontera for the discovery of gamma ray bursts (i.e., the PDS was a Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, GRBM). February 28, 1997 was the first time an X-ray afterglow associated with a GRB was observed after localization by SAX, followed shortly thereafter by the optical afterglow (observed by Herschel and Isaac Newton telescopes, La Palma). Two months later, another GRB was detected with subsequent observation in the radio range, thus directly demonstrating by the redshift that GRBs are of extragalactic origin. In 1999, he developed the X-ray detector for the Italian X-ray/gamma-ray satellites AGILE, which started in 2007. He also developed X-ray polarimeters.
Enrico Costa is the author or co-author of a number of papers in peer reviewed scientific journals. Several are published in Science Magazine. Also, in 2011 he received with Gerald J. Fishman the Shaw Prize.
# Dimnat Chadir

Dimnat Chadir is a city in Dimnat Khadir District, Tiaz Governorate of Yemen.
In 2005 it had a population of 25.763 inhabitants and is the 26th largest town in Yemen.
# The Michael Nesmith Radio Special

In 1980, Pacific Arts issued The Michael Nesmith Radio Special to promote Nesmith's latest album Infinite Rider on the Big Dogma. Because Infinite Rider was originally released as a multimedia project, the radio special was designed to increase awareness of Nesmith's audio-visual productions, as well as promote the album.
The radio special comprises segments of an interview with Nesmith intercut with tracks from Infinite Rider. During the interview, Nesmith discusses The Monkees, his first public acknowledgement of his former band since the dedication on his 1970 album, Magnetic South.
As with many of Nesmith's compositions, the title of his songs were often indefinite. When he recorded the radio special, Nesmith had yet to finalize the song titles for Infinite Rider and the alternate track names are listed along with the interview.
Currently, the only copies of The Michael Nesmith Radio Special are available on LP (Pacific Arts #PAC7-1300), which was a limited release and is difficult to find.
# Duke blueberry

The Duke blueberry, also known as Vaccinium 'Duke', is a cultivar of northern highbush blueberry released in 1987. It is a tetraploid cultivar, derived mostly from Vaccinium corymbosum with a 4 percent contribution of Vaccinium angustifolium. Its parentage includes the cultivars 'Ivanhoe' and 'Earliblue'
It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Urbane

Urbane may refer to:
* Urbanity
* LG Watch Urbane, a 2015 smartwatch

## People with the given name

* Urbane F. Bass (1880–1918), African-American doctor and first lieutenant in the United States Army
* Urbane Pickering (1899–1970), American baseball player
# Encelia actoni

Encelia actoni, also known by the common names Acton brittlebush and Acton encelia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.
It is sometimes misspelled Encelia actonii.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to southern California and neighboring areas of Nevada in the U.S. and Baja California in México. It grows in various types of open habitat, including deserts, chaparral, and grasslands.
It is found in the Mojave Desert, Sonoran Deserts, Peninsular Ranges, Transverse Ranges, San Joaquin Valley, and southern Sierra Nevada.
The species was named for the community of Acton in Southern California, located in an ecotone of the Mojave Desert ecoregion and of the montane chaparral and woodlands in the San Gabriel Mountains.

## Description

Encelia actoni is a multi−branched perennial shrub, reaching 1–4 feet (0.30–1.22 m) in height. The branches are lined with oval to roughly triangular leaves a few centimeters long, that are gray-green and woolly in texture.
The inflorescence is a solitary daisylike flower head 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) in diameter, on a tall, erect peduncle. The head has a center of many yellow disc florets surrounded by up to 25 yellow ray florets. It blooms in the Spring.
The fruit is an achene about half a centimeter long, usually lacking a pappus. It reseeds well.

## Cultivation

Encelia actoni is cultivated as an ornamental plant for drought tolerant and wildlife gardens, natural landscaping design, and habitat restoration projects. It needs sun and after the first summer, very limited to no supplemental irrigation.
It is a honey plant, supporting diverse pollinators. The plant has a low fuel load, and so has fire retardant qualities in wildfire zones.
# La Crónica de Hoy

La Crónica de Hoy is a Mexican newspaper published in Mexico City. The newspaper was launched in 1996 by its founder, Pablo Hiriart. La Crónica de Hoy has been directed by journalist Guillermo Ortega Ruiz since 2007.
# David Currier

David Currier (born April 20, 1952, in Madison, New Hampshire) is a retired American alpine skier who competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics.
# Entoloma decastes

Entoloma decastes is a species of mushroom in the family Entolomataceae. Found in Italy, it was described as a new species in 2009. The fungus fruits in dense clusters in sandy soil, in coastal grassland. Fruitbodies have thin, dark brown caps measuring 1–5 cm (0.4–2.0 in) in diameter. The thick gills are crowded close together, and initially greyish before turning pinkish brown. Spores measure 11–14 by 9–12 μm.
# Independent Health Alliance

The Independent Health Alliance was an electoral alliance which contested the 2002 Irish general election. The Alliance campaigned on the provision of health services in Ireland, which was a constant criticism of the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats coalition government. It also campaigned for disability rights.
The Alliance fielded eight candidates for the 2002 election including Offaly County Councillor Molly Buckley, Dublin City Councillor Finian McGrath, and former Limerick Hurling manager Tom Ryan. Only Finian McGrath was elected in Dublin North-Central. The Alliance broke up shortly afterwards.
# Teigny

Teigny (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

## Demographics

On 1 January 2019, the estimated population was 102.
# Eurocopter Ecureuil

Eurocopter Écureuil may refer to one of three related helicopter designs, each of which was originally manufactured by Aérospatiale (later part of Eurocopter Group, now Airbus Helicopters).
* Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil helicopter
* Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil 2 helicopter
* Eurocopter EC130 Écureuil helicopter
# Duke of Abrantes

Duke of Abrantes may refer to:
* Duke of Abrantes (1642), a title of Spanish nobility created in 1642
* Duke of Abrantes (1753), a title of Portuguese nobility created in 1753
* Duke of Abrantès, a title of Napoleonic nobility created in 1808
# Encelia densifolia

Encelia densifolia is a species of perennial shrub in the sunflower family commonly known as the Vizcaino encelia. This species is endemic to the Vizcaino Peninsula of Baja California Sur, Mexico.

## Description

Multi−branched perennial shrub, reaching 1–3 feet (0.30–0.91 m) in height. The branches are lined with dentate, triangular leaves a few centimeters long, that are light green, hairless and smooth in texture.
The inflorescence is a solitary daisylike flower head 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) in diameter, on a short, leaved peduncle. The head has a center of many yellow disc florets surrounded by up to 12 yellow ray florets. The involucre consists of canescent, obtuse phyllaries. It blooms in spring.
The fruit is an achene about half a centimeter long, usually lacking a pappus. The fruits have ciliate margins

## Distribution

The plant is native to Baja California Sur, México, where it is known only from one small, remote arroyo in the Sierra Santa Clara on the Vizcaino Peninsula.
# Uga Skulme

Uga Skulme (20 May 1895 – 6 November 1963) was a Latvian painter.
Skulme was born in Jēkabpils, Courland Governorate, one of ten children. He studied at the Faculty of Law, the St. Petersburg University, in Russia, and the School of Imperial Society for the Fostering of Art (between 1913 and 1914), the Architecture Department at the St.Petersburg Academy of Arts (1914 - 1916) and the Painting Department under K. Petrov-Vodkin. Stylistically he was a Cubist and has been compared to Aleksandra Belcova for his use of the static form, cool range of colours, thin layer of paint and a sheen close to the metal surface with the accent on drawing.
Skulme was drafted into the army during World War I and then returned to Russia as an art teacher. He returned to Latvia in 1920. Skulme was a member of the Riga Artists Group between 1921 and 1939 and head of the drawing studio at the Rīga People's High School between 1924 and 1927 and a private art studio between 1923 and 1927. He was a professor at the Latvian State Academy of Arts in 1941 and again between 1945 and 1963. In addition to this he was a contributor to the Daugava magazine and the editorial staff member of the Latvian Encyclopedia between 1928 and 1940.
One of Skulme's brothers was Otto Skulme, the theatre reformer.
# LAPAN LSU-03

The LAPAN LSU-03 (LAPAN Surveillance UAV-03) is an (unmanned aerial vehicle) developed by the Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbangan Nasional (LAPAN) of Indonesia. It is a further development of LAPAN LSU-02, and both are classified as a tactical UAV. While it is basically a further development of LSU-02, LSU-03 can achieve maximum range about 133% of its predecessor (600 km compared to 450 km of LSU-02) and significantly more payload.

## Design and development

The LSU-03 development started after the success of LSU-02. First flight take place on 25 January 2014 to test the stability of pre-production model. This pre-production model has a theoretical range of 350 km and 10 kg payload. Technically LSU-03 has a cruising speed of 100 km/h and maximum speed of 150 km/h. It uses a 2-cylinder 100cc piston engine, 24x12 pusher propeller, 7 litre Pertamax Plus fuel and lippo battery.
In period 2015–2016, LAPAN developed a higher performance LSU-03, dubbed LSU-03 NG (Next Generation). While the former version has a 350 km and 10 kg payload, this version has a 600 km range and 24 kg payload. This improvement is believed due to reducement of weight. The new version adopted GFRP material (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) with plywood as support in semi monocoque concept. Similar material technology has been used on LSU-05 drone.
The payload of LSU-03 consists of a FLIR camera, Lippo battery and other electronics. It can be controlled using radio or autonomously using mission planner from GCS. It has an anti jamming technology installed, even if it is jammed, it will automatically return to its former take-off area.

## Operational history

In November 2015, LSU-03 took flight for a photographing mission from Pameungpeuk, Cilacap, to Pelabuhan Ratu and return to Pameungpeuk. The mission broke new MURI record for longest UAV range, which is 340 km in 3 hour and 39 minutes. The previous record holder was LSU-02, that flew 200 km in 2 hour 37 minutes.

## Specifications

Data from Manufacturer
General characteristics
* Crew: none
* Capacity: 24 kg (53 lb)
* Length: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
* Wingspan: 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in)
* Empty weight: 24 kg (53 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 48 kg (106 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 7 L (1.8 US gal; 1.5 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × 100cc piston engine
Performance
* Maximum speed: 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn)
* Cruise speed: 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kn)
* Range: 600 km (370 mi, 320 nmi)
* Endurance: 6 hours
# David Curtis

David Curtis may refer to:
* David Curtis (rugby union) (born 1965), Irish rugby union international
* David L. Curtis (born 1947), American politician in the North Carolina Senate
* David Roderick Curtis (1927–2017), Australian scientist
* David Whitney Curtis (1833–1897), American politician
* Hillman Curtis (David Hillman Curtis, 1961–2012), American new media designer, author, musician and filmmaker
* Dave Curtis (born 1946), American sailor
# Indalsälven

Indalsälven is one of Sweden's longest rivers with a total length of 430 kilometers. Among its tributaries are Kallströmmen, Långan, Hårkan and Ammerån. A total of 26 hydropower plants are placed along its course, making it the third most power producing river of Sweden.
The Indalsälven drains the Storsjön and culminates in the Bothnian Sea.
# Texcatepec

Texcatepec is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 190 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 153.61 km2. It is located at 20°35′N 98°22′W﻿ / ﻿20.583°N 98.367°W﻿ / 20.583; -98.367. In 1930 the municipal head-board was established in the village of Amexac; but for the decree number 4 in 1931 returned the character of municipal head-board, to the village of Texcatepec.

## Geography

The municipality of Texcatepec is delimited to the north by Zontecomatlán de López y Fuentes to the east by Tlachichilco, to the south by Zacualpan and to the west by Huayacocotla. It is watered by small creeks that are tributaries of the river Vinasco, tributary in turn of the Tuxpan.
The weather in Texcatepec is very cold and wet all year with rains in summer and autumn.

## Agriculture

It produces principally maize, beans, sugarcane, and coffee.

## Celebrations

In Texcatepec , in June takes place the celebration in honor to San Juan Bautista, Patron of the town, and in December takes place the celebration in honor to Virgen de Guadalupe.
# Pudendal plexus

Pudendal plexus can refer to:
* Pudendal plexus (nerves)
* Pudendal plexus (veins)
# Vanoise

Vanoise may refer to:
* Vanoise National Park in France
* Vanoise Express, a cable car line
* Vanoise Massif, a sub-group of the Graian Alps in France
# Battle of Oresund

Battle of Oresund may refer to:
* Battle of Svolder, a naval battle fought in September 999 or 1000 in the western Baltic Sea between King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway and an alliance of his enemies, Denmark and Sweden
* Battle of the Sound, 1658, during the Second Northern War, near the Sound or Oresund, just north of Copenhagen involving Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands
# Upali Gunaratne

Kalupathirannehage Don Upali Gunaratne (born 10 March 1954) is a Sri Lankan politician and the chief organiser of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party in the Dompe electorate. He is a senior councilman on the Western Province Council and was a member of Parliament.
In 1985, Gunaratne became one of the youngest members of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party’s Executive Committee under the patronage of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. At the 10th parliamentary election, held on 16 August 1994, he was elected as a Member of Parliament from Gampaha District. Gunaratne polled 55,328 votes (6.17% of the total vote). He was elected to Western Province Council in March 2009, and was a Senior Councilor representing Gampaha District. (in office 2009-2020)
Gunaratne served as chairman of the Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation, chairman of the Co-operative Wholesale Establishment and chairman of the National Savings Bank.
He is an old boy from S. Thomas’ College, Gurutalawa.
# Encore Award

The £15,000 Encore Award for the best second novel was first awarded in 1990. It is sponsored by Lucy Astor, presented by the Royal Society of Literature. The award fills a niche in the catalogue of literary prizes by celebrating the achievement of outstanding second novels, often neglected in comparison to the attention given to promising first books. Entry is by publisher.

## List of winners

| Year | Author | Book | Award |
| 1990 | Peter Benson | A Lesser Dependency | £3,750 |
| 1990 | Paul Watkins | Calm at Sunset, Calm at Dawn | £3,750 |
| 1991 | Carey Harrison | Richard's Feet | £7,500 |
| 1992 | Iain Sinclair | Downriver | £7,500 |
| 1993 | Colm Tóibín | The Heather Blazing | £7,500 |
| 1994 | Amit Chaudhuri | Afternoon Raag | £7,500 |
| 1995 | Dermot Healy | A Goat's Song | £7,500 |
| 1996 | A. L. Kennedy | So I am Glad | £7,500 |
| 1997 | David Flusfeder | Like Plastic | £7,500 |
| 1998 | Timothy O'Grady | I Could Read the Sky | £3,750 |
| 1998 | Alan Warner | These Demented Lands | £3,750 |
| 1999 | Christina Koning | Undiscovered Country | £7,500 |
| 2000 | John Burnside | The Mercy Boys | £2,500 |
| 2000 | Claire Messud | The Last Life | £2,500 |
| 2000 | Matt Thorne | Eight Minutes Idle | £2,500 |
| 2000 | Phil Whitaker | Triangulation | £2,500 |
| 2001 | Anne Enright | What Are You Like? | £10,000 |
| 2002 | Ali Smith | Hotel World | £10,000 |
| 2003 | Jeremy Gavron | The Book of Israel | £10,000 |
| 2004 | Michelle de Kretser | The Hamilton Case | £10,000 |
| 2005 | Nadeem Aslam | Maps for Lost Lovers | £10,000 |
| 2006/07 | M. J. Hyland | Carry Me Down | £10,000 |
| 2008/09 | Julia Leigh | Disquiet | £10,000 |
| 2010/11 | Adam Foulds | The Quickening Maze | £10,000 |
| 2011 | Joe Dunthorne | Wild Abandon | £10,000 |
| 2012 | Ned Beauman | The Teleportation Accident | £10,000 |
| 2013 | Evie Wyld | All the Birds, Singing | £10,000 |
| 2014 | Neel Mukherjee | The Lives of Others | £10,000 |
| 2015 | Sunjeev Sahota | The Year of the Runaways | £10,000 |
| 2017 | Ian McGuire | The North Water | £10,000 |
| 2018 | Andrew Michael Hurley | Devil's Day | £5,000 |
| 2018 | Lisa McInerney | The Blood Miracles | £5,000 |
| 2019 | Sally Rooney | Normal People | £10,000 |
| 2020 | Patrick McGuinness | Throw Me to the Wolves | £10,000 |
| 2021 | Caoilinn Hughes | The Wild Laughter | £10,000 |
| 2022 | Francis Spufford | Light Perpetual | £10,000 |
| 2023 | Daisy Hildyard | Emergency | £10,000 |
| 2024 | Isabella Hammad | Enter Ghost | £15,000 |
# Ugada

Ugada is a genus of cicadas from Africa.

## List of species

* Ugada grandicollis (Germar, 1830)
* Ugada inquinata (Distant, 1881)
* Ugada limbalis (Karsch, 1890)
* Ugada limbata (Fabricius, 1775)
* Ugada limbimacula (Karsch, 1893)
* Ugada nutti Distant, 1904
* Ugada praecellens (Stål, 1863)
* Ugada stalina (Butler, 1874)
* Ugada tigrina (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)
# David Clapham

David Philip Clapham (17 May 1931 – 22 October 2005) was a racing driver and motor sport journalist from South Africa.

## Career

Clapham participated at many levels of motor sport in South Africa, including Formula Vee, Formula Ford and saloon car racing, as well as the South African Formula One Championship. He was instrumental in bringing Formula Vee and Formula Ford to South Africa, and helped Jody Scheckter move to Europe where he got his big break into international motorsport.
He took part in the Formula One Rand Grand Prix in 1963 and 1964, blowing the engine of his Cooper in the latter. He had entered the 1965 South African Grand Prix two weeks later, but he withdrew the entry before the meeting took place.
Clapham also wrote articles and columns in the South African motor sport press, both during and after his racing career, and later remained in the sport in various administrative capacities. He died in 2005 after a short illness, leaving behind his wife Margaret, son Jeremy and daughter Bridget.

## Results
### Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)
| Yr | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | WDC | Points |
| 1965 | Lawson Organisation | Cooper T51 | Maserati Straight-4 | RSA WD | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | NC | 0 |

### Non-Championship Formula One results

(key)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1963 | Scuderia Los Amigos | LDS | Climax Straight-4 | LOM | GLV | PAU | IMO | SYR | AIN | INT | ROM | SOL | KAN | MED | AUT | OUL | RAN 17 |
| 1964 | Lawson Organisation | Cooper T51 | Maserati Straight-4 | DMT | NWT | SYR | AIN | INT | SOL | MED | RAN Ret | | | | | | |
# Industrial painting

Industrial Painting is defined by the 1959 "Manifesto of Industrial Painting: For a unitary applied art", a text by Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio which was originally published in Notizie Arti Figurative No. 9 (1959). A French translation was soon published in Internationale Situationniste no.3 (1959).
In May 1997, Molly Klein translated the original Italian-language version into English:
   The machine may very well be the appropriate instrument for the creation of an industrial-inflationist art, based on the Anti-Patent; the new industrial culture will be strictly "Made Amongst People" or not at all! The time of the Scribes is over.
   When thousands of painters who today labor at the non-sense of detail will have the possibilities which machines offer, there will be no more giant stamps, called paintings to satisfy the investment of value, but thousands of kilometers of fabric offered in the streets, in markets, for barter, allowing millions of people to enjoy them and exciting the experience of arrangement.
# Kodal mine

The Kodal mine is one of the largest titanium mines in Norway. The mine is located in Vestfold. The mine has reserves amounting to 70 million tonnes of ore grading 8% titanium.
# Ian Percival

Sir Walter Ian Percival QC (11 May 1921 – 4 April 1998) was a British Conservative Party politician.

## Background

Percival was educated at Latymer Upper School and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He was commissioned from Sandhurst into The Buffs in 1941 and served in the Second World War in North Africa and Burma, attaining the rank of Major. He became a barrister, was called to the Bar from the Inner Temple in 1948, and also worked as a part-time economics professor. He served as a councillor on Kensington Borough Council 1952–59. He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1963, and was knighted in 1979.

## Political career

He first stood unsuccessfully in the Battersea North constituency at the 1951 general election and again at the 1955 election. He was elected as Member of Parliament for Southport at the 1959 general election, holding the seat until he retired at the 1987 election. Although coveting a Ministerial post, he was overlooked for the position he wanted in 1979 when Margaret Thatcher came to power, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Instead, he served as Solicitor General from 1979 to 1983.
On some issues, Percival's political views were to the right of some in the Conservative Party; he campaigned unsuccessfully to restore the death penalty (introducing an unsuccessful Bill to restore it for terrorists in 1984), and held strong views on the rigorous application of the law. He also called for the criminalisation of clubs and newsletters that existed for the purpose of allowing gay people to meet one another, opposed attempts to decriminalize homosexuality, and supported retaining imprisonment for life as the penalty for consensual anal sex.
Percival was a freemason.

## Retirement

After retiring, he supported several causes, including the establishment of a hospital in India after the Bhopal disaster. In 1993 he became the head of a Trust to complete the hospital, following lengthy legal negotiations with Union Carbide while he was engaged as an attorney in the US law firm Sidley and Austin. He died before its completion.
# Reshui

Reshui may refer to the following places in China:
* Reshui, Jianping County, Liaoning
* Reshui, Rucheng County, Hunan
* Reshui, Xuanwei, Yunnan
* Reshui Township, Dulan County, Qinghai