OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cost-weighted activity index

A cost-weighted activity index is a technique for measuring the changes in the output of an organisation over time. It is used particularly for Government departments and other bodies that do not operate in a market, hence normal means of measuring output cannot be used.
Following work by Michael Baxter and Alwyn Pritchard, the technique is being used increasingly by the Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom, the Australian Bureau of Statistics and many other statistical offices, in preference to the traditional method of equating output to input (i.e. number of staff employed plus volume of input). The traditional method is much easier to use, but has the disadvantage that it cannot measure changes in efficiency.
The procedure is as follows: the activities of the organisation are divided into homogeneous categories. The cost of each category and the level of activity in the base year are determined. The level of activity is then measured in a subsequent year, and the percentage changes are weighted together by the costs in the base year to get an overall percentage change in output. The mathematics of the calculation are identical to those for calculating any index number, such as a price index.
Example:
Consider a prison, which in 2000 housed 20 low-risk, 30 medium-risk and 10 high-risk prisoners, or 60 prisoners in total. The three categories are considered homogeneous, in that the output of housing one low-risk prisoner is the same as housing another. The total costs in 2000 are £20,000 for low-risk, £45,000 for medium-risk and £25,000 for high-risk prisoners, or £90,000 in total.
In 2005, there are 22, 27 and 15 prisoners in these categories, so the changes are +10%, -10% and +50%. There are 64 prisoners in total, an increase of about 6.7%. The weighted percentage change is
       (20,000x10% + 45,000x(-10%) + 25,000*50%)/90,000 = 11.1%.
This is greater than the increase in the number of prisoners, because the proportion of expensive high-risk prisoners has risen.
This is a Laspeyres index, because it is base-weighted. It would be possible to use a Paasche index or a Fisher index, but this is not customary.
# Estadio Max Augustín

The Estadio Max Augustín is a multi-purpose stadium in Iquitos, Peru. It is the home ground of the football (soccer) team AD Comerciantes FC, of the Peruvian Segunda División along with Colegio Nacional Iquitos and several other Copa Perú teams from Iquitos and the surrounding region. The stadium can accommodate 24,576 people. It was built in 1942 and renovated in 2005. The stadium has artificial turf, an artificial running track, and was a venue in the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship.
# Tapinoma lugubre

Tapinoma lugubre is a species of ant in the genus Tapinoma. Described by Santschi in 1917, the species is endemic to Zimbabwe.
# Daubeuf-Serville

Daubeuf-Serville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

## Geography

A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some 21 miles (34 km) northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D28 and the D10 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the eleventh century.
* The church of St.Laurent, dating from the sixteenth century.
* Two 17th century chateaux.
# Iron(II) iodide

Iron(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula FeI$_2$. It is used as a catalyst in organic reactions.

## Preparation

Iron(II) iodide can be synthesised by the reaction of iron with iodine at 500 °C:
    Fe + I$_2$ → FeI$_2$
This is in contrast to the other iron(II) halides, which are best prepared by reaction of heated iron with the appropriate hydrohalic acid.
    Fe + 2 HX → FeX$_2$ + H$_2$
Alternatively, the synthesis can be carried out by treating freshly reduced iron with concentrated hydriodic acid under a nitrogen atmosphere in methanol. The initially obtained hexamethanol solvate is then thermally decomposed to anhydrous iodide:
    Fe + 2 HI + 6 MeOH → FeI$_2$·6MeOH + H$_2$
       FeI$_2$·6 MeOH → FeI$_2$ + 6 MeOH
Extremely finely divided iron(II) iodide is obtained by thermal decomposition of tetracarbonyldiiodidoiron(II) (Fe(CO)$_4$I$_2$).
In contrast to the ferrous fluoride, chloride and bromide, which form known hydrates, the diiodide is speculated to form a stable tetrahydrate but it not been characterized directly.

## Chemical properties

Iron(II) iodide is a hygroscopic red-violet to black solid that is soluble in water, ethanol and diethyl ether. Rapid oxidation occurs in solution and in moist air. It turns whitish when exposed to air. The solution in water is colorless.
Dissolving iron metal in hydroiodic acid is another route to aqueous solutions of iron(II) iodide. Crystalline hydrates precipitate from these solutions.

## Physical properties

Iron(II) iodide adopts the same crystal structure as cadmium iodide (CdI$_2$). It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system of the cadmium hydroxide type with the space group P3m1 (space group no. 164) and lattice constants a = 404 pm, c = 675 pm.

## Applications

Iron(II) iodide is used as an ingredient in homeopathic medicines. In the field of application it is known as Ferrum jodatum. However, the attributed effect, particularly against glandular diseases, has not been scientifically confirmed.
It is also used for the production of alkali iodides.
# Dapple

Dapple may refer to:
* Dapple, a book by Eleanor Arnason
* DAPPLE Project, a pollution study
* Dapple gray, a type of coat colour seen on horses
* Silver dapple gene, also known as the "Z" gene, that dilutes the black base coat color in horses
* Merle (dog coat), a pattern called "dapple" in the Dachshund dog breed
* "Dapple" is also a common English translation of the Spanish name of Sancho Panza's donkey in Don Quixote; however, the Spanish name "Rucio" is perhaps more accurately translated as "gray-beige" or "taupe".
# Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies

Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research methods in the field of cultural studies. The journal's editor-in-chief is Norman K. Denzin (University of Illinois). It was established in 2001 and is published by SAGE Publications.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
* SafetyLit
* Scopus
* Sociological Abstracts
# The Married Beau

The Married Beau or The Curious Impertinent is a 1694 comedy play by the English writer John Crowne. It is inspired by a passage from Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote. Incidental music was composed by Henry Purcell.
It was first staged by the United Company in London. The original Drury Lane cast featured George Powell as Loveley, Thomas Betterton as Polidor, Thomas Doggett as Thorneback, William Bowen as Sir John, Elizabeth Barry as Mrs Loveley, Elizabeth Bowman as Cecilia, Anne Bracegirdle as Camilla and Susanna Verbruggen as Lionell. The published version was dedicated to the Tory politician the Marquess of Normanby.
# Dinema

Dinema is a genus of orchids. It is represented by a single currently accepted species, Dinema polybulbon, native to Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.

## Description

They are epiphytes or lithophytes; with pseudobulbs 10 mm long and 6 mm wide, spaced 1–1.5 cm apart on the creeping rhizome, slightly compressed, yellowish-green, apically bi-foliate. The leaves are 15 mm long and 8 mm wide, obtuse, emarginate, shiny green. The inflorescence is uniflora or rarely with 2 flowers, terminal, the flowers 15 mm in diameter, the sepals and the petals are yellowish-brown, the lip is white to yellowish-white with the yellow nail, the column is white with purple spots; the sepals 9 mm long and 2 mm wide, shortly acuminate; petals 9 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; the simple lip, 9 mm long and 6 mm wide, unguiculate, adnate to the base of the spine, with the disc dilated and with undulated edges, thickened nail 2 mm wide; the column is 5 mm long, with 2 conspicuous extensions at the apex, the anther is terminal, pollinia 4; ovary 15 mm long, pedicellate. The fruits are ellipsoid capsules
* Plant
* Flower
* Plant growth habit

## Distribution

It is found in Mexico, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Cuba and Jamaica. Uncommon species in habitat, found in humid mixed forests, at an altitude of 1000–1400 meters; it blooms in November, and bears fruit in August.

## Taxonomy

This species can be recognized by the small size, the relatively large solitary flowers, the simple white to yellowish-white lip, and the cornicle-shaped extensions of the column. It is a monotypic genus.
Dinema polybulbon was described by (Sw.) Lindl. and published in The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants 111. 1831

### Synonyms

* Epidendrum polybulbon Sw., Prodr.: 124 (1788).
* Encyclia polybulbon (Sw.) Dressler, Brittonia 13: 265 (1961).
* Bulbophyllum occidentale Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 732 (1826).
* Epidendrum polybulbon var. luteoalbum Miethe, Orchis 8: 33 (1914).
* Epidendrum cubincola Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 295 (1976 publ. 1977).
* Dinema cubincola (Borhidi) H.Dietr., Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 29: 524 (1980)
# Tachytes intermedius

Tachytes intermedius is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Cosmopolite

Cosmopolite may refer to:
* Cosmopolite (album) a 1956 album by Benny Carter
* Cosmopolite (butterfly) (Vanessa cardui), also known as the painted lady
* Kosmopoliet, launched in 1854, said to have been the first Dutch clipper
* World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship
# Estadio Metropolitano (Madrid Metro)

Estadio Metropolitano (, formerly Estadio Olímpico) is a station on Line 7 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone A. Passengers going eastbound to stations beyond this station will have to change trains from line 7A to 7B using the island platform, the same situation happens for those coming from the towns of Coslada and San Fernando.

## History

The station opened on 5 May 2007 as part of the extension to the towns of Coslada and San Fernando, it was built to serve the nearby La Peineta Stadium. It was renamed from Estadio Olímpico to Estadio Metropolitano in June 2017, coinciding with the opening of the new Metropolitano Stadium.

## Gallery

* Entrance with former name Estadio Olímpico
* Ingauration of the new access...
* ...and the rename of the station 2017
* Platform
* Train in the station
# Tapinoma minor

Tapinoma minor is a species of ant in the genus Tapinoma. Described by Bernard in 1945, the species is endemic to Morocco.
# Das Rendezvous

Das Rendezvous, Op. 78, is a chamber opera in one act by Giselher Klebe, to a libretto by his wife Lore Klebe, based on a satire by Mikhail Zoshchenko. The opera was premiered in 1977, for the 125th anniversary of the Staatsoper Hannover.

## History

Klebe composed the opera for the 125th anniversary of the opera house of the Staatsoper Hannover in 1977, which was celebrated with three commissions of new works, also Wolfgang Rihm's Faust und Yorick and Karlheinz Stockhausen's Jubiläum for large orchestra. Klebe's wife, Lore Klebe, wrote the libretto based on the satiric story Ein spaßiges Abenteuer (A funny adventure) by Mikhail Zoshchenko. It was Klebe's first comic opera.
The opera was premiered at the opera house in October 1977, staged by Günter Roth [de] and conducted by Hans Herbert Jöris. A reviewer of Die Zeit described it as a burlesque about the possibility, forms and consequences of a liberation of the norms of marriage ("eine Burleske über die Möglichkeit, die Formen und die Folgen einer Liberalisierung strenger Ehe-Normen"). Meetings between three men and three women are treated with irony. Klebe's music has been described as a chamber opera with dramatic drive and economically used sound effects, rhythms and accents.
# Iron(II) lactate

Ferrous lactate, or iron(II) lactate, are coordination complexes of iron(II) with one or more lactate ligands. One example is Fe(lactate)$_2$(H$_2$O)$_2$(H$_2$O) where lactate is CH$_3$CH(OH)CO−2. It is a colorless solid.

## Production

Iron(II) lactate can be produced through several reactions, among which are calcium lactate with iron(II) sulfate according to the following reaction:
    Ca(C$_3$H$_5$O$_3$)$_2$(aq) + FeSO$_4$(aq) → CaSO$_4$↓ + Fe(C$_3$H$_5$O$_3$)$_2$(aq)
Another route yielding iron(II) lactate is to combine lactic acid with calcium carbonate and iron(II) sulfate.

## Uses

Iron (II) lactate is used as a reagent in the production of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), specifically in the production of cathode catalytic converters used in these cells. It is an acidity regulator and, since it oxidizes on contact with air, it has found use as a color retention agent for foodstuffs such as olives. It is also used to fortify foods with iron, as a remedy for anemia due to iron deficiency, and as a nutritional supplement in tablet or pill form. As a food additive it is coded under the E number E585.
# Danish Women's Volleyball Cup

The Danish Women's Volleyball Cup is a Women's Volleyball competition held in Denmark every single year since 1976, women clubs from all around the country division participate in a knock out face home and away system.

## Winners list

| Years | Winners | Score | Runners-up |
| 1976 | ASV Aarhus | | VKV Gladsaxe |
| 1977 | ASV Aarhus | | VKV Gladsaxe |
| 1978 | Helsingør KFUM | | Skødstrup SF |
| 1979 | Helsingør KFUM | | |
| 1980 | Helsingør KFUM | | |
| 1981 | ASV Aarhus | | |
| 1982 | Helsingør KFUM | | VKV Gladsaxe |
| 1983 | Helsingør KFUM | | |
| 1984 | Helsingør KFUM | | |
| 1985 | Helsingør KFUM | | BVC Esbjerg |
| 1986 | Helsingør KFUM | | Holte IF |
| 1987 | Holte IF | | Slagelse VK |
| 1988 | Holte IF | | ASV Aarhus |
| 1989 | ASV Aarhus | | Holte IF |
| 1990 | ASV Aarhus | | Holte IF |
| 1991 | Fortuna Odense Volley | | Holte IF |
| 1992 | Holte IF | | Fortuna Odense Volley |
| 1993 | Holte IF | | Fortuna Odense Volley |
| 1994 | Holte IF | | Fortuna Odense Volley |
| 1995 | Fortuna Odense Volley | | TV 55 |
| 1996 | Holte IF | | Gentofte Volley |
| 1997 | Holte IF | | DHV Odense |
| 1998 | DHV Odense | | Holte IF |
| 1999 | Holte IF | | DHV Odense |
| 2000 | DHV Odense | | Holte IF |
| 2001 | DHV Odense | | HIK Aalborg |
| 2002 | Holte IF | | DHV Odense |
| 2003 | DHV Odense | | Holte IF |
| 2004 | Lyngby Volley | | Aalborg HIK |
| 2005 | Fortuna Odense Volley | | SK Aarhus |
| 2006 | Fortuna Odense Volley | | Gentofte Volley |
| 2007 | Fortuna Odense Volley | | Lyngby Volley |
| 2008 | Holte IF | | Fortuna Odense Volley |
| 2009 | Fortuna Odense Volley | 3 - 0 (25-21, 25-19, 25-20) | Holte IF |
| 2010 | Fortuna Odense Volley | 3 - 2 (15-25, 25-23, 24-26, 25-23, 17-15) | Holte IF |
| 2011 | Brøndby VK | 3 - 2 (23-25, 25-23, 17-25, 25-21, 15-10) | Holte IF |
| 2012 | Holte IF | 3 – 0 (28-26, 25-20, 25-16) | Brøndby VK |
| 2013 | Holte IF | 3 – 0 (25-16, 25-14, 25-20) | Frederiksberg Volley |
| 2014 | Brøndby VK | 3 – 1 (26-24, 19-25, 25-20, 25-19) | Holte IF |
| 2015 | Brøndby VK | 3 – 0 (25-17, 25-21, 25-23) | Holte IF |
| 2016 | Brøndby VK | 3 – 2 (22-25, 27-25, 20-25, 25-19, 15-9) | Holte IF |
| 2017 | Holte IF | 3 – 0 (25-22, 25-22, 25-20) | Brøndby VK |
| 2018 | Brøndby VK | 3 – 2 (25-21, 25-20, 13-25, 16-25, 19-17) | Holte IF |
| 2019 | Holte IF | 3 – 0 (25-19, 25-14, 25-16) | ASV Elite |

## Honours by club

| Rk | Club | Titles | City | Years |
| 1 | Holte IF | 15 | Holte | (1987–1988), (1992–1994), (1996–1997), 1999, 2002, 2008, (2012–2013), 2017, (2019–2021) |
| 2 | Helsingør KFUM | 8 | Helsingør | (1978–1980), (1982–1986) |
| 3 | Fortuna Odense Volley | 7 | Odense | 1991, 1995, (2005–2007), (2009–2010) |
| 4 | ASV Århus | 5 | Århus | (1976–1977), 1981, (1989–1990) |
| | Brøndby VK | 6 | Brøndby | 2011, (2014–2016), 2018, 2022 |
| 6 | DHV Odense | 4 | Odense | 1998, (2000–2001), 2003 |
| 7 | Lyngby Volley | 1 | Lyngby-Taarbæk | 2004 |
# Darren Burke

Darren Burke (born 25 April 1967) is a Canadian university professor, researcher and entrepreneur.

## Early life

Darren Burke was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He completed an undergraduate degree in Physical Education and a master's degree in Science from Dalhousie University. He was awarded a PhD in Exercise Physiology at the University of Saskatchewan in 2001 with the thesis "Individual creatine pool size and responsiveness associated with creatine supplementation".

## Career

In 2001, Burke started a tenure track role as an assistant professor at St. Francis Xavier University in 2001, and was promoted to associate professor with Tenure in 2004. In 2008, he left his academia career to start his first business. He applied his research to create a new line of sports nutrition products encompassing protein powders, energy capsules, and muscle-enhancing supplements tailored for professional athletes.
In 2013 his company, Rivalus was acquired by Nutrivo. In 2017, Burke started working on a sustainable technology to decrease food waste and conserve nutrients in fruits and vegetables which would have otherwise been discarded. In 2018, he partnered with former NHL hockey player TJ Galiardi to launch Outcast Foods which is a sustainable technology-based company aimed at upcycling discarded fruits and vegetables bound for landfills. He served as the CEO of Outcast Foods till the end of 2021.
In the same year he received the EY Entrepreneur of the Year for Atlantic Canada.
Burke returned to academia in 2023 as an Industry Professor at McMaster University to help the university set up a makerspace and develop a curriculum for Entrepreneurship and Innovation.
# Thakore

Thakore is the name of:
* Anand Thakore (born 1971), Indian poet and Hindustani classical vocalist
* Balwantray Thakore (1869–1952), Indian poet and playwright
* Dolly Thakore (born 1943), Indian actress
* Elakshiben Thakore (born 1936), Indian dancer
# Clethrogyna

Clethrogyna is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Rambur in 1866.

## Species

* Clethrogyna antiquoides (Hübner, 1822)
* Clethrogyna aurolimbata (Guenée, 1835)
* Clethrogyna corsica (Boisduval, 1834)
* Clethrogyna dubia (Tauscher, 1806)
* Clethrogyna josephina (Austaut, 1880)
* Clethrogyna rupestris (Rambur, 1832)
* Clethrogyna splendida (Rambur, 1842)
* Clethrogyna trigotephras (Boisduval, 1829)
* Clethrogyna turbata (Butler, 1879)
# Edward Lloyd (cricketer)

Edward Wynell Mayow Lloyd (19 March 1845 – 27 September 1928) was an English schoolmaster and a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Cambridge University and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1866 and 1868. He was born at Benares, India and died at Hartford Bridge, Hartley Wintney, Hampshire.
Lloyd was educated at Rugby School and at St John's College, Cambridge. As a cricketer, he was a middle-order right-handed batsman, and he was tried for matches for Cambridge University in both 1866 and 1868 – in one of the 1868 games, he played for the MCC against the university side – but he achieved little and was not awarded a Blue. He continued to play in minor matches after leaving Cambridge and appeared for both the Shropshire and Somerset teams in non-first-class matches, including one game for Somerset in 1879 that is the basis of disputes about the cricket career statistics of W. G. Grace (see Variations in first-class cricket statistics). In one of these minor matches featuring many of the players who were instrumental in the setting up of Somerset County Cricket Club, Lloyd made an unbeaten 100 for the Gentlemen of Somerset against the Gentlemen of Dorset. At his only match for Shropshire, in 1868, he scored a century of 108 runs.
On leaving Cambridge, he became a schoolmaster at Marlborough College from 1868 to 1875 and was then the headmaster of a preparatory school, Hartford House School, at Hartley Wintney until his retirement in 1910. He died in 1928 aged 83. A brief obituary in The Times states that he was "one of the most successful private schoolmasters in the country" and that he achieved many scholarships at public schools, principally at Marlborough, for his pupils.
# International Journal of e-Collaboration

The International Journal of e-Collaboration is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the interdisciplinary field of e-collaboration at the intersection of human-computer interaction, computer-supported cooperative work, and electronic commerce. It was established in 2005 and is published by IGI Global.

## Editors

The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the journal:
* 2017-present: Jingyuan Zhao (University of Toronto)
* 2004-2017: Founding Editor: Ned Kock (Texas A&M International University)

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in the ACM Digital Library, Inspec, PsycINFO, and Scopus.
# Tapinoma luteum

Tapinoma luteum is a species of ant in the genus Tapinoma. Described by Emery in 1895, the species is endemic to various countries in Africa.
# Ray Lewis (referee)

Ray Lewis (born 30 March 1944) is a former referee in the Football League, Premier League and at FIFA level. He is currently the Chairman of the FA League Committee.

## Career

Lewis became a Football League linesman in 1969 at the age of twenty-five. At this point he was based in Bournemouth but he later moved to Great Bookham in Surrey where he served the rest of his career. In 1974, he joined the Supplementary List of referees and one year later progressed to the full referees List.
Over the next few years he established himself and took charge of frequent top division games. In 1983, he was appointed to the League Cup semi-final first leg between Liverpool and Burnley with the Merseysiders (eventual Cup winners) winning 3–0.
He became more prominent in the late 1980s. In April 1987 he refereed the FA Cup semi-final between Tottenham and Watford and a few months later the Charity Shield between Everton and Coventry. On New Year's Day 1989 he was elevated to the FIFA List and marked the day with a match at Old Trafford as Manchester United beat Liverpool 3–1. He took thirteen and a half seasons on the full List to reach this level, the longest period in modern times.
Three months later he refereed Liverpool again in the FA Cup semi-final against Nottingham Forest at Hillsborough. However this proved to be a tragic day as ninety-seven Liverpool supporters were killed in crushes on the terraces. The match was abandoned and replayed three weeks later. Lewis has now stated that wording in his police statement, in relation to Hillsborough, was altered, with certain words changed. Lewis felt that this was "to give support possibly to police actions". Lewis handled the replayed game as well, with Liverpool winning 3–1.
In April 1991 he was awarded another FA Cup semi-final between Tottenham and Arsenal. For the first time a semi-final was played at Wembley. Tottenham emerged surprise 3-1 winners over the eventual League champions in a game which saw a goal from a long-range free-kick by Paul Gascoigne. Only a week later he was back at Wembley for the League Cup Final between Manchester United and Sheffield Wednesday. The Yorkshire team were in the old Division 2 but caused an upset with a 1–0 victory.
At the end of 1991 his international career ended as FIFA brought in its new lower retirement age of forty-five. He reached the domestic retirement age a few months later but achieved an extension and was included in the first set of Premier League referees for 1992–1993.
He served one year on the Premier League before retiring at the age of forty-nine. His career on the Football League had lasted twenty four years (1969-1993) as linesman and referee, the longest period in modern times. More recently he was appointed Chairman of the FA Referees Committee.