OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Luckham

David Luckham is an emeritus professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University. As a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he was one of the implementers of the first systems for the programming language Lisp.
He is best known as the originator of complex event processing (CEP) as proposed in his 2002 book The Power of Events. CEP consists of a set of concepts and techniques for processing real-time events and extracting information from event streams as they arrive. CEP has since become an enabling technology in many systems that are used to take immediate action in response to incoming streams of events. Applications are described in this book that may now be found in many sectors of business including stock market trading systems, mobile devices, internet operations, fraud detection, the transport industry, and government intelligence gathering. The book also describes advanced event processing techniques such as event abstraction and event hierarchies that are not yet in general practice. Luckham's latest book is Event Processing for Business: Organizing the Real-Time Enterprise.
Luckham has held faculty and invited faculty positions in both mathematics and computer science at eight major universities in Europe and the United States. He was a cofounder of Rational Software, Inc., in 1981. He supplied the compiler for the language Ada, from which the company's first products were developed, and served as a member of the initial software development team. An acknowledged leader in high-level programming languages for multiprocessing, annotation languages, and event-based simulation systems for both hardware and software architectures, Luckham has published more than 100 technical articles, two of them winning Best Paper Awards from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
He was born in Kingston in the British Colony of Jamaica, and raised in London during The Blitz of World War II. He holds the degrees Master of Science (M.Sc.) from London, and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in mathematics and computer science.
# Country house opera

Country house opera is opera performed at a country house, whether in the house itself, in the grounds, or in an adapted or purpose built theatre on the grounds. It is a feature in particular of the English summer. Country house opera is usually initiated by private enthusiasts, and relies almost exclusively upon private funding. This distinguishes it from the UK's state subsidised opera companies which, like most opera houses around the world, are based in city centres. Black tie is often de rigueur, in contrast with the Royal Opera House in London and other city operas where casual clothing is often acceptable.
The performances of country house opera are generally planned to provide a leisurely and elegant experience, with time for picnics on the lawns or a full meal during the often-lengthy interval, and often start in the late afternoon:
    "The English have always liked picnicking in the summer and if you can throw in a bit of entertainment, then that's even better" said a former manager at the Sydney Opera House, attributing the popularity of country house opera in England to "the wonderful adventurous spirit of the British.... The British like to go out and find a new place. No one in Australia would go out if they had to take a picnic and it was going to rain."
The most important landmark in country house opera was the opening of Glyndebourne Opera House in 1934. The Glyndebourne Festival Opera company has gradually expanded so that it now has a 1,200-seat theatre and it has become one of the most prominent opera companies in the United Kingdom, performing both at its home venue and on tour.
While other companies, which put on a regular summer season often include works from the standard repertoire, some specialise in particular composers or particular periods. Existing companies include Garsington Opera, Dorset Opera Festival at Bryanston in Dorset, Nevill Holt Opera at Nevill Holt Hall in Leicestershire, Longborough Festival Opera in Gloucestershire, Grange Park Opera in Surrey, Bampton Classical Opera and Waterperry Opera Festival in Oxfordshire, Bury Court Opera in Bentley near Farnham, Surrey, The Grange Festival at Northington, Hampshire and Opéra de Baugé, established by an English family in the Loire Valley, France. The country opera house tradition has inspired opera performances in similar settings outside England, such as Stålboga Summer Opera in Sweden.
There are also a number of touring companies that tour to several country houses each summer, which include Opera Project, "a touring company that plays at West Green, Iford Manor and many other venues round the country."
# Curve (disambiguation)

A curve is a geometrical object in mathematics.
Curve(s) may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Music

* Curve (band), an English alternative rock music group
* Curve (album), a 2012 album by Our Lady Peace
* "Curve" (song), a 2017 song by Gucci Mane featuring The Weeknd
* Curve, a 2001 album by Doc Walker
* "Curve", a song by John Petrucci from Suspended Animation, 2005
* "Curve", a song by Cam'ron from the album Crime Pays, 2009

### Periodicals

* Curve (design magazine), an industrial design magazine
* Curve (magazine), a U.S. lesbian magazine

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

* Curve (film), a 2015 film
* BBC Two "Curve" idents, various animations based around a curve motif

## Brands and enterprises

* Curve (payment card), a payment card that aggregates multiple payment cards
* Curve (theatre), a theatre in Leicester, United Kingdom
* Curve, fragrance by Liz Claiborne
* BlackBerry Curve, a series of phones from Research in Motion
* Curves International, an international fitness franchise

## Other uses

* Bézier curve, a type of parametric curve used in computer graphics and related fields
* Curve (tonality), a software technique for image manipulation
* Curveball, a baseball pitch often called simply a "curve"
* Female body shape or curves
* French curve, a template made out of plastic, metal or wood used to draw smooth curves
* Grading curve, a system of grading students
* Yield curve, a representation of predicted value of a fixed income security for different durations
# Strophioblachia

Strophioblachia is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1900. It contains only one known species, Strophioblachia fimbricalyx, native to southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi), E Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand), the Philippines, and Sulawesi.
# Vladimír Hubáček

Vladimír Hubáček (28 August 1932 – 2 September 2021) was a Czech rally driver.

## Biography

From the 1950s to the 1970s, Hubáček competed in rally cars such as the Škoda Octavia, the Renault 8 Gordini, and the Alpine A110. He won a total of 25 races, including the Barum Czech Rally Zlín three times. He was six-time champion of the Czechoslovak Formula Three Championship [pl], five of which came in the Lotus 41. In 1969, he won the Cup of Peace and Friendship. He also raced in the Soviet Formula Three Championship [pl] and the East German Formula Three Championship.
Vladimír Hubáček died on 2 September 2021 at the age of 89.
# Heir apparent (disambiguation)

An heir apparent is someone likely to inherit a throne or title.
Other uses of heir apparent:
* Heir Apparent (novel)
* Heir Apparent (band)
* Heir Apparent, a song from Opeth's ninth studio album, Watershed
* For Heir to the Throne, the videogame expansion pack, Europa Universalis III
* Heir to the Throne, one Campaign from The Battle for Wesnoth
# Country mark

A country mark is a type of scarification noted among 18th century and 19th century slaves brought to North America as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Country marks were commonly used to identify individual slaves and were frequently mentioned in newspaper advertisements that attempted to find escaped slaves. Historians of the slave trade have used country marks to identify the national origins of individual slaves, whose origins may not have been recorded in print.
# Centro Fotográfico Manuel Álvarez Bravo

The Centro Fotográfico Manuel Álvarez Bravo is a photographic exhibition centre in the city of Oaxaca, Mexico.
The centre is named after the Mexican photographer Manuel Álvarez Bravo (1902–2002). It is located in the Graphic Arts Institute of Oaxaca.
# Charlie Sproull

Charles William Sproull (January 9, 1919 – January 13, 1980) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played in 1945 with the Philadelphia Phillies. He batted and threw right-handed.
Sproull was born in Taylorsville, Georgia, and died in Rockford, Illinois.
# Christina Mackie

Christina Mackie (born 1956, Oxford, UK) is a British artist who works in the fields of sculpture, video, photography and drawing.

## Background

Mackie was born in Oxford, England, in 1956. She studied at the Vancouver School of Art graduating in 1974 before obtaining her MA in Fine Art from Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London in 1978. She now lives and works in London Mackie has undertaken residencies at the CCA Kitakyushu in Japan (2000), the VASL Residency in Karachi, Pakistan (2006), the Oxford-Melbourne Fellowship, UK (2010) and the XXIV CSAV–Artists Research Laboratory, Fondazione Antonio Ratti in Italy (2018).

## Exhibitions

Mackie's work has been exhibited at Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, Chisenhale Gallery, London, the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, the Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, the BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art, the KW Institute for Contemporary Art, Berlin and the Paris Museum of Modern Art. Her works are kept in the public collections of the Tate collection, the Arts Council Collection, the British Council Collection, Nottingham Castle Museum & Art Gallery, Nottingham, UK Contemporary Art Society, UK and the Nomas Foundation, IT.

## Style

Mackie is well known for her multi-faceted sculptural installations, she is experimental with process and objects and likes to keep an element of change and risk in her work. Mackie is trained as a painter but uses a wide variation of styles and media in her work such as photography, sculpture, ceramics and found objects. Mackie has a kiln in her studio and did research into clay and glazes when in Australia. Mackie is interested in the interaction of the natural and man-made world and how she can represent this in her work. She uses sculptural techniques and a mix of modern and traditional media to explore these interactions and intersections to create a shifting perspective. Mackie varies in how she selects her materials, sometimes it is simply because they compliment each other, sometimes because they actively juxtapose each other. She sees each of the materials forming part of a larger statement.

## Prizes

In 2005, Mackie was announced the winner of Beck's Futures by the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London. In 2010, she was awarded the Paul Hamlyn Award, UK. In 2011, she was awarded the Contemporary Art Society Annual Award, UK.
# Dicerca lurida

Dicerca lurida is a species of black coloured beetle from Chrysochroinae subfamily which is 12–20 millimetres (0.47–0.79 in) long and is known for feeding on various hickory species. The species fly from April to May during which they also sunning on tree trunks and logs. The life stage of the species is at least three years.
# Duga Luka, Croatia

Duga Luka (Italian: Portolungo; also known as Prtlog) is a village in the Labin-Albona municipality in Istria County, Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 30. It was 27 in 2011.
# Devious (band)

Devious is a Dutch metal band from Hengelo, Overijssel, founded by Frank Schilperoort (drums) and Guido de Jongh (guitar). Devious has toured throughout Europe with Krisiun in 2006 and with Entombed and Merauder in 2009. Devious' latest release Wolfhagen came out in 2012.

## Band members

* Guido de Jongh, guitar (founding member)
* Frank Schilperoort, drums (founding member)
* Wouter, guitar (since 2000)
* Dennis Lusseveld, vocals (since 2011)

### Former members

* Arnold oude Middendorp, vocals (2001–2004, 2008–2011)
* Sven van Toorn, bass (2001–2009)
* Coen Tabak, vocals (2004–2008)
* Daniël Centiago, bass (2009–2011)

## Discography
### Wolfhagen

* Mixed and mastered: Soundlodge, Rhauderfehn, Germany.
* Release date: 11 May 2012.
* Label: self-published.
Track list:
* One Man Horde
* Sinner of Greed
* Wolfhagen
* Her Divine
* Afterlife
* Respiration of Fear 2012
* Respiration of Fear (dnb/dubstep remix)

### Vision

* Mixed and mastered: Split Second Sound, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
* Release date: 31 August 2009.
* Label: Deity Down Records.
Track list:
* Heritage of the Reckless
* False Identity
* Respiration of Fear
* Abide
* Impulse Overload
* Predefined
* Validate
* Disconnect

### Domain

* Mixed and mastered: Ground Zero studio, Zutphen, Netherlands.
* Release date: 1 February 2007.
* Label: Deity Down Records.
Track list:
* Entrance...
* Room 302
* Incantation of the Earthbound
* Boundless Domain
* Misanthropic Entities
* Suoived Pt.II
* The Repentance
* Third World Suicide
* Days of Disorder
* Dead Cannibal Civilization
* Shibito
* Lowest in the Foodchain

### Acts of rage

* Recorded at: Ground Zero studio, Zutphen, Netherlands.
* Release date: 7 July 2003.
* Label: Spitzenburg Records.
Track list:
* Haunted
* Acts of rage
* Harlequin of perpetual destiny
* I'll slice you into pieces
* Suoived (introspection)
* Conjuration of destruction
* Inanimate
* 5 Min.'s in decay
* Excavation of the undead
* Dragged below

### Mini 2002

* Recorded at: Rooftop studio, Enschede, Netherlands.
* Release date: 8 March 2002.
* Label: self-published.
Track list:
* Nowhere but lost
* Harlequin of perpetual destiny
* 5 Min.'s in decay
* I'll slice you into pieces
# Steve Jones (footballer, born 1960)

Steve Francis Jones (born 18 October 1960) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder. He started his professional career with Manchester United before moving to Port Vale.

## Career

Jones was signed by Manchester United but did not make a senior first-team appearance for the "Red Devils" before joining Port Vale in July 1979. He played sixteen games in 1979–80, scoring his first senior goal in a final day 3–0 win over Doncaster Rovers at Vale Park, as the "Valiants" finished 20th in the Fourth Division. He opened the 1980–81 season with a goal, in another 3–0 home win over Doncaster Rovers, but went on to suffer a broken collarbone and finished the season with fourteen appearances to his name. He left Vale by mutual consent in June 1981, having played 30 games in league and cup competitions.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Port Vale | 1979–80 | Fourth Division | 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Port Vale | 1980–81 | Fourth Division | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Port Vale | Total | Total | 25 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 2 |
# Balacra

Balacra is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae.

## Species

* Balacra affinis Rothschild, 1910
* Balacra alberici (Dufrane, 1945)
* Balacra aurivilliusi Kiriakoff, 1957
* Balacra basilewskyi Kiriakoff, 1953
* Balacra batesi Druce, 1910
* Balacra belga Kiriakoff, 1954
* Balacra brunnea Grünberg, 1907
* Balacra caeruleifascia Walker, 1856
* Balacra compsa Jordan, 1904
* Balacra conradti Oberthür, 1911
* Balacra daphaena Hampson, 1898
* Balacra diaphana Kiriakoff, 1957
* Balacra distincta Kiriakoff, 1953
* Balacra ehrmanni Holland, 1893
* Balacra elegans Aurivillius, 1892
* Balacra flava Przybylowicz, 2013
* Balacra flavimacula Walker, 1856
* Balacra fontainei Kiriakoff, 1953
* Balacra furva Hampson, 1911
* Balacra germana Rothschild, 1912
* Balacra guillemei (Oberthür, 1911)
* Balacra haemalea Holland, 1893
* Balacra herona Druce, 1887
* Balacra humphreyi Rothschild, 1912
* Balacra inflammata Hampson, 1914
* Balacra intermedia Rothschild, 1912
* Balacra jaensis Bethune-Baker, 1927
* Balacra magna Hulstaert, 1923
* Balacra micromacula Strand, 1920
* Balacra monotonia (Strand, 1912)
* Balacra nigripennis Aurivillius, 1904
* Balacra ochracea Walker, 1869
* Balacra preussi Aurivillius, 1904
* Balacra pulchra Aurivillius, 1892
* Balacra rattrayi Rothschild, 1910
* Balacra rubricincta Holland, 1893
* Balacra rubrostriata (Aurivillius, 1892)
* Balacra similis Hulstaert, 1923
* Balacra simplex Aurivillius, 1925
* Balacra simplicior Kiriakoff, 1957
* Balacra stigmatica Grünberg, 1907
* Balacra tamsi Kiriakoff, 1957
* Balacra testacea Aurivillius, 1881
* Balacra umbra Druce, 1910
* Balacra vitreata Rothschild, 1910
* Balacra vitreigutta Hulstaert, 1923
# Veterinary biologic

Veterinary biologics are vaccines, antigens, antitoxins and other preparations made from living organisms (or genetically engineered) and intended for use in diagnosing, treating, or immunizing animals. Unlike some pharmaceutical products, such as antibiotics, most biologics leave no residues in animals. Veterinary biologics are regulated by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), which licenses the facilities that produce them and conducts a program to ensure that animal vaccines and other veterinary biologics are safe, pure, potent, and effective.
# Effective fitness

In natural evolution and artificial evolution (e.g. artificial life and evolutionary computation) the fitness (or performance or objective measure) of a schema is rescaled to give its effective fitness which takes into account crossover and mutation.
Effective fitness is used in Evolutionary Computation to understand population dynamics. While a biological fitness function only looks at reproductive success, an effective fitness function tries to encompass things that are needed to be fulfilled for survival on population level. In homogeneous populations, reproductive fitness and effective fitness are equal. When a population moves away from homogeneity a higher effective fitness is reached for the recessive genotype. This advantage will decrease while the population moves toward an equilibrium. The deviation from this equilibrium displays how close the population is to achieving a steady state. When this equilibrium is reached, the maximum effective fitness of the population is achieved.
Problem solving with evolutionary computation is realized with a cost function. If cost functions are applied to swarm optimization they are called a fitness function. Strategies like reinforcement learning and NEAT neuroevolution are creating a fitness landscape which describes the reproductive success of cellular automata.
The effective fitness function models the number of fit offspring and is used in calculations that include evolutionary processes, such as mutation and crossover, important on the population level.
The effective fitness model is superior to its predecessor, the standard reproductive fitness model. It advances in the qualitatively and quantitatively understanding of evolutionary concepts like bloat, self-adaptation, and evolutionary robustness. While reproductive fitness only looks at pure selection, effective fitness describes the flow of a population and natural selection by taking genetic operators into account.
A normal fitness function fits to a problem, while an effective fitness function is an assumption if the objective was reached. The difference is important for designing fitness functions with algorithms like novelty search in which the objective of the agents is unknown. In the case of bacteria effective fitness could include production of toxins and rate of mutation of different plasmids, which are mostly stochastically determined

## Applications

When evolutionary equations of the studied population dynamics are available, one can algorithmically compute the effective fitness of a given population. Though the perfect effective fitness model is yet to be found, it is already known to be a good framework to the better understanding of the moving of the genotype-phenotype map, population dynamics, and the flow on fitness landscapes.
Models using a combination of Darwinian fitness functions and effective functions are better at predicting population trends. Effective models could be used to determine therapeutic outcomes of disease treatment. Other models could determine effective protein engineering and works towards finding novel or heightened biochemistry.
# Chaim Elazar Spira

Chaim Elazar Spira (December 17, 1868 – May 13, 1937) was a rebbe of the Hasidic Munkacs dynasty.

## Family background

Spira was born in Strzyżów, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, now part of Poland, where his grandfather, Shlomo Spira, was a rabbi. Chaim Elazar's father, Tzvi Hersh Spira, was from Spira family which had held rabbinical positions in Munkács dating back to the founder of the Munkács Hasidic dynasty, Tzvi Elimelech Spira of Dinov (Bnei Yisoschor), who was Chief Rabbi from 1828 to 1832.
Spira became Chief Justice of the Rabbinical Court in Munkács in 1903, where he worked along with his father until the latter died in 1913. He succeeded his father as Chief Rabbi of Munkács and the surrounding communities.

## Biography

Spira wrote and published over twenty books on the Jewish law, Torah, Hasidism, and religious philosophy and customs including the six-volume Minchas Elazar. He opposed political Zionism and the Agudat Yisrael.
Spira established elementary schools under the name "Machzike Torah."
He founded a yeshiva (rabbinical college) in Munkacs, named Darchei Tshuva, after the title of his father's sefer (book).

## Journey to Jerusalem

In 1930, Spira visited Palestine for a thirteen-day trip to visit the elderly kabbalist Solomon Eliezer Alfandari (known as the Saba Kadisha, "Holy Grandfather") and also to visit with his followers in Palestine.
He met with Alfandari for long hours behind closed doors over the span of a week. While Spira was in Jerusalem Alfandari died.
Details of the trip were recorded in a book written by a disciple of Spira's, Moshe Goldstein, who was one of those accompanying the Rebbe on his trip. The book was reprinted several times in Hebrew and Yiddish, and was translated to English in 2009 by Artscroll Publications.

## Wedding of daughter in 1933

Spira's only daughter,
Chaya Fruma Rivka (known as Frima), married Baruch Yehoshua Yerachmiel Rabinowicz in Munkács on March 15, 1933.
Over 20,000 guests attended the wedding. According to the daily newspaper Rudý večerník, "The wedding lasted for seven days".

## Legacy

Spira died in 1937 and was succeeded as Chief Rabbi by his son-in-law Baruch Yehoshua Yerachmiel Rabinowicz, Spira's only daughter Frima's husband, who was chief rabbi until the Nazi occupation of Munkács in 1944.

### Successor

The Munkacs Hasidic dynasty is led by his grandson, Moshe Leib Rabinovich, who lives in Brooklyn.

#### Israel

Batei Munkacs, the Israeli residential neighborhood founded by Spira, draws tourists.
# TYH

, TYH or tyh may refer to:
* Tsan Yuk Hospital, a public hospital in Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
* Tyrosine hydroxylase the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA
* tyh, the ISO 639-3 code for the O'du language in Vietnam and Laos
* Thank You Hashem, an Orthodox Jewish campaign emphasizing gratitude