OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Efficient Taxation of Income

The Efficient Taxation of Income is an approach to taxation that would apply different tax rates for property-type income and earned income from work. Earned income would be taxed at a flat rate of 10%, while property-type income would be taxed at 30%. The plan was created by Dale Jorgenson, Samuel W. Morris University Professor at Harvard University, and Kun-Young Yun, Professor of Economics at Yonsei University, Korea. Jorgenson states that the plan would provide big gains in economic efficiency that would result from making the tax treatment of income from corporate, non-corporate and household property the same. The plan has been discussed before the United States Congress but a bill has not been introduced.
Under Efficient Taxation of Income, each dollar of new business investment would generate a credit against taxes on business income. The rates for these credits would make tax burdens on all income sources the same. Taxes on new investments by households would be collected by car dealers, real estate developers, and other providers. These would not apply to existing home owners and would protect property values. Jorgenson states that the Efficient Taxation of Income could be implemented without cumbersome transition rules. In the United States, the tax treatment of Social Security and Medicare contributions and benefits would be unaffected, as would the treatment of private pension plans. Jorgenson estimates that the total one-off gain from Efficient Taxation of Income in the U.S. would be $4,900 billion, while adoption of the Flat Tax would yield only $2,060 billion. The gains underscore the benefits of shifting investment to higher-yielding assets and reflect greater investment and faster economic growth.
# I Am Gay and Muslim

I Am Gay and Muslim is a 2012 English-language documentary directed by Chris Belloni. Filmed in Morocco, it follows five gay Muslim men as they explore their religious and sexual identity. The film has been screened in more than a dozen countries.
The cinematography was done by Bram Belloni, the director's brother.

## Kyrgyzstan ban

On September 28, 2012, the documentary was scheduled to be screened at the sixth annual Bir Duino ("One World") film festival in Kyrgyzstan. Immediately before its screening, the State Committee on Religious Affairs asked the Prosecutor General's office to ban the film. It filed suit in the Prevomaiskii District court, which banned the screening due to likelihooding of "incit[ing] religious intolerance".
# United States v. Jawad

United States v. Mohamed Jawad is one of the military commissions convened under the authority of the Military Commissions Act of 2006.
Mohamed Jawad was an Afghan youth who was alleged to have participated in a grenade attack in Khost, Afghanistan, on December 17, 2002. Although American officials asserted that bone scans established that Jawad was over eighteen when he was transferred to Guantanamo, in 2003, Afghan human rights workers argued that Jawad was only twelve or thirteen when the incident occurred.

## Jawad's testimony before his Combatant Status Review Tribunal

Jawad testified before his Combatant Status Review Tribunal in the fall of 2004. Jawad testified that he was living with his uncle, when he was approached at the mosque, by men who offered him a good paying job—clearing land-mines in Afghanistan. However, when he arrived at the camp in Afghanistan where he was told he was to be trained to clear land-mines, he was instead drugged, and was told to carry objects in his pocket, and led to a bazaar in Khost. He testified he was told to wait by those who led the expedition. He testified he remembered hearing a distant explosion. He testified that while still feeling intoxicated he decided to buy some raisins from a food stall in the bazaar, and in order to do so he had to remove the objects from his pockets, only to be told by the stall owner that they were bombs, and that he should rush to throw them in the nearby river. He testified he followed the merchant's instructions and was running down the street, telling people to get out of his way because he had a bomb, when he was captured.

## Charges drafted

Charges were drafted in October 2007. Jawad was charged with "Attempted Murder in Violation of the Law of War" and "Intentionally Causing Serious Bodily Injury".

### Concerns over torture and abusive interrogation

Darrel Vandeveld, the military attorney initially assigned to prosecute Jawad, has described being initially skeptical of accounts that Jawad had been subjected to abusive interrogation. He became convinced that Jawad had been subjected to serious abuse and he then worked to get the charges against Jawad dropped, and to have him repatriated to a rehabilitation program in Afghanistan. This prompted his superiors to order him to undergo a psychological assessment. Vandeveld eventually resigned and spoke out against the commission system.
After Vandeveld's resignation documents emerged that confirmed that Jawad had been subjected to the controversial Guantanamo "frequent flyer" sleep deprivation program.
Stephen R. Henley, the Presiding Officer over Jawad's Commission ruled that Jawad had been tortured, while in Afghan custody, and that confessions he made when he was transferred to US custody were inadmissible due to the recent torture, as were admissions made following the use of sleep deprivation.
The newly appointed Prosecutor appealed Henley's ruling to the Court of Military Commission Review.
# Cowcowing, Western Australia

Cowcowing is a small town located just off the Koorda–Wyalkatchem road 215 kilometres (134 mi) from Perth, 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of Koorda and 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Wyalkatchem in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.
The town originated as a railway siding on the Wyalkatchem to Southern Cross railway line and was later gazetted as a townsite in 1919. The name of the town is Aboriginal in origin and was first recorded by explorers in 1854. The name of the nearby lake recorded as "Gow gow eeh lake" has now been changed to Cowcowing Lake; the meaning of the name remains unknown.
The town is a Cooperative Bulk Handling receival site.
On 2 October 2022, a helicopter accident occurred near Cowcowing Lake, killing two people.

## Notable residents

* Captain Hugo Throssell (1884–1933), awarded Victoria Cross at Gallipoli
# Avrankou Omnisport FC

Avrankou Omnisport FC are a Beninese football club based in Avrankou. They currently play in the Benin Premier League for 2014–15 season.
# Dictyocaryum

Dictyocaryum is a monoecious genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in South America. It is closely related to the genus Iriartea; they are commonly called araque or palma real. As many as eleven species have been described but this number is reduced to three in most current accounts. The genus name translates from two Greek words meaning "net" and "nut", describing the thick network of raphe fibers around the seed.

## Description

Dictocaryum palms are usually solitary in nature though D. ptarianum will occasionally cluster in habitat. All three plants have conical masses of stilt roots at the base which are armed with spines. These stilt roots, in the case of D. fuscum, can be up to four inches (ten centimeters) thick. The trunks are conspicuously ringed by leaf scars, to 30 cm wide, and in D. lamarckianum reach over 20 m in height. All have tall crownshafts and 4-6 large, plumose, pinnate leaves. The leaves may be sparsely to densely tomentose on the rachis and petiole, the leaflets are regularly and widely spaced, up to 60 cm long, dark green on top and glaucous on the underside.
Compared to other palms, the inflorescences in this genus are unusually large, once-branched, and emerge below the leaf crown. Both male and female flowers are white to yellow, growing on the same plant, both with three sepals and three petals. The fruit develops from one carpel, yellow to orange to brown when ripe, containing one basally attached, spherical seed.

## Distribution and habitat

Palms in this genus are found in the mountainous and montane rain forest regions of Panama, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana and Venezuela from low elevations up to 1800 m. They often colonize in large, conspicuous groves, on steep slopes, receiving generous rain fall, and growing in acidic, noncalcareous soil.

## Cultivation and uses

Their growing conditions are usually hard to mimic, making them relatively uncommon in cultivation. They require a frost-free climate, humus-rich soil, and plenty of water. In their natural range the trunks are used by indigenous people in construction and cabinet-making, the leaves are woven into thatched goods, while the fruit is eaten and made into palm wine or jelly. The Emberá Indians use the hard, durable trunks in the construction of coffins.
# Eardington Halt railway station

Eardington Halt, originally named Eardington, is a railway station on the Severn Valley Railway near Eardington, south of Bridgnorth, in Shropshire.

## History

Eardington was opened on 1 June 1868. It was six years after the opening of the Severn Valley line, mainly to serve the nearby Upper Forge and Lower Forge iron works. It was not readily accessible from the nearby villages of Chelmarsh and Eardington. On 1 April 1949 it was reduced to unstaffed status, although never deemed a halt. The station had a brick waiting room and single platform.
In the later years under British Railways control, Eardington had much of its custom from fishermen at weekends and during the summer months. Although mistakenly thought by some people to have been closed as part of the Beeching axe in 1963 Eardington's planned closure pre-dated his report.

## Preservation

When the Severn Valley Railway re-opened in preservation on 23 May 1970, Eardington was the only intermediate stop between Bridgnorth and Hampton Loade, resulting in its being renamed Eardington Halt. It was initially used for watering locomotives, having a ready supply of better quality water than Bridgnorth. The Halt closed temporarily for repair work in October 1979, and briefly reopened in 1981 before being finally deleted from the time table in 1982. It has not been used in regular service since because of poor custom, land slippage and the fact that the station is situated on a 1 in 100 gradient. Another problem is the combination of the shortness of the platform face, normal SVR practice of marshalling the guard's compartment in the center of the train and the arched over bridge immediately to the north of the platform. This would prevent the train crew from being able to see the guard if the train was stopped with the guard's van on the platform, as is correct practice.
The siding is now used for the storage of permanent way vehicles. A small band of volunteers stage regular "work-ins" to keep the station environs tidy.
In 2023 the SVR announced that following negotiations with the Office of Rail and Road, the station would re-open on limited occasions for trains which would fit the platform, a maximum of four carriages. The time table for the 2023 Autumn Steam Gala would include trains stopping at Eardington for the first time in 41 years, although initially limited to trains of three carriages.
On Thursday 14 September 2023 the first time tabled services stopped at Eardington, a 4 coach train hauled by LMS Ivatt 4MT 43106
# Betsimisaraka

Betsimisaraka ("the many inseparables" in the Betsimisaraka language) may refer to:
* Betsimisaraka people, a large ethnic group of Madagascar
* Betsimisaraka language, language of the Betsimisaraka people
* Betsimisaraka region, the region in Eastern Madagascar inhabited by the Betsimaraka
* Betsimisaraka (moth), a synonym of the snout moth genus Nhoabe
# Hôtel de Caumont

The Hôtel de Caumont is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence in France.

## Location

It is located at 1 rue Joseph Cabassol, in the Quartier Mazarin of Aix-en-Provence.

## History

It was designed by architects Robert de Cotte (1656–1735) and Georges Vallon (1688-1767), and built from 1715 to 1742 for François Rolland de Réauville de Tertulle, the Marquess of Cabannes. Sculptors Jean-Baptiste Rambot and Bernard Toro designed the atlas. Inside, the entrance has an indoor fountain, with two sets of stairs: one for the family, and another one for the staff.
The hotel was inherited by Jean-Baptiste-François de Tertulle, son of François Rolland de Réauville de Tertulle. Upon his death, his widow sold it to François de Bruny de la Tour d'Aigues (1690-1772). It was inherited by his son, the Marseilles shipowner Jean-Baptiste de Bruny de la Tour d'Aigues [fr] (1724-1794), who served as the Président à mortier of the Parlement of Aix-en-Provence. He bequeathed it on to his son Marie Jean Joseph (1768-1800), who again passed it to his sister, Pauline de Bruny de la Tour d'Aigues (1767-1850), who had married Amable-Victor-Joseph-François de Paule de Seytres de Caumont (1764-1841), the Marquess of Caumont, in 1796. He was accused of "stealing the most beautiful hôtel particulier from Provence by this marriage," as a street sign outside the hotel suggests. The marriage was childless, and the hotel was bequeathed to one of Pauline's cousins.
In 1964, General Isembart sold it to the city of Aix. They rented it out to La Poste, the postal service in France. From 1970 to 2013, it was home to a music school, the Conservatoire Darius Milhaud.
It has been listed as a monument historique since 1990.

## At present

Hôtel de Caumont was purchased in 2013 by Culturespaces for €10 million. Over the next two years it underwent extensive refurbishing, and reopened to the public on May 6, 2015, as a paid attraction and cultural space, exhibiting sections of the house and garden as they were in their prime, along with a gift shop, art exhibition space, and a small theater.

## Gallery

* Street sign about the history of the Hôtel de Caumont
* Hôtel de Caumont seen from the corner of the rue Mazarine and the rue Cabassol
* Main door to the courtyard
* Side door to the courtyard
* Balcony
* Drawing room inside the Hôtel de Caumont
# Drew Abbott

Drew Abbott (born January 13, 1947) is an American guitarist, who is best known for playing in Bob Seger's Silver Bullet Band, and appears on Bob Seger's Seven (1974), Beautiful Loser (1975), Live Bullet (1976), Night Moves (1976), Stranger in Town (1978), Against the Wind (1980), Nine Tonight (1981), and The Distance (1982).
Prior to working with Seger, Abbott played in Detroit-based power trio Third Power.
In 1983 he left the Silver Bullet Band during "The Distance" era because he did not like Seger's use of session musicians. Abbott relocated to Traverse City, Michigan where he formed the band Burning Circle with pianist Tim Sparling and former Savage Grace vocalist Al Jacquez. He currently plays in the Michigan-based band Leo Creek.
# Coxsackie Declaration of Independence

Coxsackie Declaration of Independence is a lesser-known declaration signed a year prior to the more famous Declaration of Independence.
It was reputedly signed at the Bronck House in Coxsackie, New York.
Sources:
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# Integrated cognitive assessment

An integrated cognitive assessment known as CognICA is a five-minute cognitive test that uses an application deliverable to an iPad. CognICA was developed by Cognetivity Neurosciences and in 2021 was given FDA approval for its commercial use as a medical device. CognICA had earlier been approved for use in the UK.
CognICA is highly sensitive to the early stages of dementia.
* This medical diagnostic article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Chlorocypha tenuis

Chlorocypha tenuis is a species of damselfly in the family Chlorocyphidae. It is found in Burundi, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Bell Matriculation Higher Secondary School

The Bell Matriculation Higher Secondary School is a private high school in Southern India, founded in 1992.

## Growth

Academically, the school has grown consistently. In 2005, the school received the Tirunelveli educational district's first ranking in Std X board exams. In 2006, Sree Rukmani of Std X achieved the Tamil Nadu state first rank in the national language, Hindi, and also the third overall district rank. In 2010 Ruben Mathew (X std) scored 490/500, state 4th and in 2011 Srinivas Anand(X std) scored 495/500, state third and the highest by any student in the school. In 2007, Fareena Begum (Std XII) acquired Tirunelveli district's first rank with a grand total of 1175 marks for 1200. Consistent academic successes have brought the high school to the top ranking amongst the 1,588 schools in the district.
# Betta falx

Betta falx is a species of betta endemic to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is an inhabitant of acidic, nearly stagnant water, where it can be found amongst the vegetation along the banks. This species grows to a length of 3.5 cm (1.4 in).
# Tatsuya Tanaka

Tatsuya Tanaka may refer to:
* Tatsuya Tanaka (figure skater) (born 1988), Taiwanese figure skater
* Tatsuya Tanaka (footballer, born 1982), Japanese footballer
* Tatsuya Tanaka (footballer, born 1992), Japanese footballer
# Drew Adams

Drew Adams (born August 19, 1986 in Springfield, Pennsylvania) is a former professional lacrosse player who played for the Archers Lacrosse Club of the Premier Lacrosse League and the Long Island/New York Lizards of Major League Lacrosse. Adams played collegiately at Penn State University, where he was named an All American three times. Adams ranks first in PSU history with 694 career saves.
Adams has enjoyed a successful career in Major League Lacrosse, winning his first championship in 2015. He has been an MLL All- Star 4 times, and has been named the leagues Goalie of the Year following the 2011, 2012, and 2015 seasons.
On the International level, Adams is a current member of Team USA, winning a silver medal in the 2014 World Games.
Adams announced his retirement following the 2021 PLL season, finishing his career as the all-time leader in saves in professional outdoor lacrosse.
# Bethany Deaconess Hospital

The Bethany Deaconess Hospital, at 500 Pocatello Highway Ave. in American Falls, Idaho, was built in 1926–27. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
Building plans were developed by Idaho Falls contractor John Hayward with input from American Falls doctor C. F. Schlitz, who became the hospital's attending physician. It was run by Bethany Deaconess nurses. It was built as a 21-room hospital which could accommodate 42 patients; patients from the county were charged $2.50 per day and out-of-county patients $3.00.
After Schlitz died in 1931, it was renamed as Schiltz Memorial Hospital.
The building was bought in 1973 by the local American Legion post, and at time of National Register nomination used it for a private meeting hall and lounge, with occasional rental for social functions. It is now used as the Power County Museum.
# UFC Fight Night: Dawson vs. Green

UFC Fight Night: Dawson vs. Green (also known as UFC Fight Night 229, UFC on ESPN+ 87 and UFC Vegas 80) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on October 7, 2023, at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

## Background

A lightweight bout between Grant Dawson and Bobby Green headlined the event.
A featherweight bout between Daniel Pineda and Khusein Askhabov was scheduled for this event. However on September 11, Askhabov was arrested after being connected to a kidnap and torture crime in Thailand and the bout was cancelled.
A women's flyweight bout between Montana De La Rosa and Stephanie Egger was expected to take place at the event. However, Egger pulled out due to undisclosed reasons and was replaced by JJ Aldrich.
A bantamweight bout between Chris Gutiérrez and Montel Jackson was expected to take place at the event. However, Jackson withdrew for unknown reasons and Gutiérrez was instead scheduled to face Alateng Heili one week later at UFC Fight Night: Yusuff vs. Barboza.
A light heavyweight between Ion Cuțelaba and Philipe Lins was expected to take place at the event. However, the bout was cancelled the day of the event for unknown reasons.

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $50,000 bonuses.
* Fight of the Night: No bonus awarded.
* Performance of the Night: Bobby Green, Joe Pyfer, Drew Dober, and Nate Maness
# Erethistoides cavatura

Erethistoides cavatura is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to Nepal where it is found in the Rapi River system of Narayani River basin. This species grows to a length of 3.32 centimetres (1.31 in) SL.
# Svenja

Svenja is a feminine given name used in German-speaking countries. Notable people with the first name Svenja are:
* Svenja Adolphs, British linguist
* Svenja Bazlen (born 1984), German triathlete
* Svenja van Beek, a member of Dutch pop group Frisz
* Svenja Fölmli (born 2002), Swiss footballer
* Svenja Hahn (born 1989), German politician
* Svenja Heesch, German botanist
* Svenja Huber (born 1985), German handball player
* Svenja Huth (born 1991), German footballer
* Svenja Jung (born 1993), German actress
* Svenja Pages (born 1966), German television actress
* Svenja Schulze (born 1968), German politician and federal minister
* Svenja Stadler (born 1976), German politician
* Svenja Voigt (born 2004), German ice hockey player
* Svenja Weger (born 1993), German sailor
* Svenja Weidemann (born 1980), German professional tennis player
* Svenja Würth (born 1993), German ski jumper
# Qumushiha

Qumushiha (Chinese: 曲木史哈; pinyin: Qǔmùshǐhā; born January 1960) is a Chinese politician of Yi ethnicity who is vice chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 10th National People's Congress.

## Biography

Qumushiha was born in Yuexi County, Sichuan, in January 1960. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in December 1976, and served in the PLA 89201 Army until January 1981.
He entered politics in January 1981, when he became an official in the United Front Department of CCP Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Committee. In 1982, he was accepted to Southwest Minzu University, majoring in politics, where he graduated in August 1986. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in June 1985. In August 1986, he was assigned to Puge County, where he eventually becoming its assistant magistrate in October 1988. In May 1989, he became deputy magistrate of Xide County, rising to magistrate in March 1990. He served as vice governor of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in October 2002, and five months later promoted to the governor position. In December 2004, he became vice director of Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, in addition to serving as vice governor of Sichuan since September 2011. In May 2016, he was admitted to member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Sichuan Provincial Committee, the province's top authority. In February 2021, he was chosen as vice chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the province's top political advisory body.
# Bell Media Tower

The Bell Media Tower (Tour Bell Média) is a skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Located at 1800 McGill College Avenue, it was built for the Montreal Trust Company, and shared the name Place Montreal Trust with the adjoining mall. It stands 125 m (410 ft) and 30 storeys tall. It was originally owned by Cadillac Fairview but is now owned by Ivanhoe Cambridge. The main tenant was Astral Media, which had its corporate headquarters in the building along with several of its French-speaking television stations. In 2013, Bell acquired Astral Media, changing the tower's name to Bell Media Tower when it became regional offices for Bell Media.