OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atelopus petriruizi

Atelopus petriruizi, more commonly known as the painted stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Endemic to Colombia, the toad's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. Threatened by habitat loss, the Ateopus petriruizi is currently classified as critically endangered, and was placed on the IUCN red list in 2017. Currently, there may be less than 49 remaining mature A. Petriruizi.

## Sources

* ↑ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Atelopus petriruizi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T54540A49537370. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T54540A49537370.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
* ↑ "AmphibiaWeb - Atelopus petriruizi". amphibiaweb.org. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
* 1 2 Ssc), IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (IUCN (2016-08-02). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Atelopus petriruizi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
* This Bufonidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Take a Breath (album)

Take a Breath is the debut album by the Geneva-based punk rock band Hateful Monday, released in 2004 through Hannibal's Records. This is the first release with new guitarist Greg Laraigne.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Reverend Seb and Hateful Monday

## Personnel
### Hateful Monday

* Reverend Seb – vocals, bass guitar
* Igor Gonzola – drums
* Greg Laraigne – guitar
* Myriam K. – guitar, backing vocals

### Artwork

* Nick Talop – design

### Production

* Elias Siddiqui – mastering
# Supernaut

Supernaut may refer to:
* "Supernaut" (song), a song by Black Sabbath on the 1972 album Black Sabbath, Vol 4
* Supernaut (Australian band), an Australian glam/punk rock band from the 1970s
** Supernaut (album), 1976
* Supernaut (Serbian band), a Serbian alternative rock band
# Anterolateral ligament

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is a ligament on the lateral aspect of the human knee, anterior to the fibular collateral ligament.
Perhaps the earliest account of the ALL was written by French surgeon Paul Segond in 1879, in which he described a ligamentous structure between the lateral femur and tibia.
Claes and Bellemans (2013) found that the ALL originates at the lateral epicondyle of the femur, and inserts at the anterolateral aspect of the proximal tibia. However, Vincent et al. (2012) reported the origin to be the lateral femoral condyle.

## Clinical relevance

The ALL, which has been suggested to occur in 33-97% of the human population, seems to stabilize medial rotation of the knee. However, the anterior cruciate ligament is the most important contributor to rotatory knee stability. It is uncertain if an isolated anterolateral ligament injury with an intact anterior cruciate ligament injury leads to knee instability. This topic is being hotly debated and researched. The "pivot shift" phenomenon in anterior cruciate ligament injury patients may be ascribed to additional trauma to the ALL or other structures in the anterolateral knee.
The Segond fracture is probably an avulsion of the anterolateral ligament. In such injuries, fragments of the lateral tibial condyle of the knee are torn from the bone by the soft tissue structures of the anterolateral knee.
The ALL can be visualised in most patients on MRI with its attachments to the lateral meniscus body and further tibial insertion on the coronal sequences.
# Dong-wook

Dong-wook is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 24 hanja with the reading "dong" and 11 hanja with the reading "wook" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.
People with this name include:
* Song Dong-wook (born 1962), South Korean former tennis player
* JK Kim Dong-wook (born 1975), South Korean singer
* Lee Dong-wook (born 1981), South Korean actor
* Shin Dong-wook (born 1982), South Korean actor
* Kim Dong-wook (born 1983), South Korean actor
* Seven (South Korean singer) (born Choi Dong-wook, 1984), South Korean singer
# Auguste Taveau

Auguste Taveau (Louis Augustin Onésiphore Taveau) was a French dentist born in Le Havre, the 28th of August 1792. Date and place of his death are still unknown. In 1826, he was among the first to use amalgam as a dental restorative material, although he had originally developed it as early as 1816. He went on trying to improve the material.

## History

In 1816, Auguste Taveau developed his own dental amalgam from silver coins and mercury. This amalgam contained a very small amount of mercury and had to be heated in order for the silver to dissolve at an appreciable rate. Taveau's formula offered lower cost and greater ease of use compared to existing materials such as gold, but had many practical problems, including a tendency to significantly expand after setting. Because of these problems, this formula was abandoned in France. In 1833, however, two untrained Europeans, the Crawcour "brothers" (Edward Crawcour and his nephew Moses), brought Taveau's amalgam to the United States under the name "Royal Mineral Succedaneum".
The Parisian police knew that Taveau was a "pédérast" and that he had contracted syphilis. He was arrested after a denunciation to the police by a man called Émile Lagunière, who had previously been taken for an adopted child of Taveau. The forensic surgeon Ambroise Tardieu probably reported Lagunière case in his Étude medico-légale sur les attentats aux mœurs (obs. XXII). Taveau's subsequent fate is unknown.
# Der König verneigt sich und tötet

Der König verneigt sich und tötet (The King Bows and Kills) is an essay book in German by Nobel Prize-winning author Herta Müller. It was first published in 2003. Translations in Polish and Swedish were published in 2005. Following her 2009 Nobel Prize win, interest in her books rose dramatically, and her publisher announced a translation to English was being considered.
# Hilman

People:
* Helianti Hilman, Indonesian lawyer
* Oscar Hilman (born 1950), U.S. Army bigadier general
* Hilman Walker (October 10, 1912 – May 1983) was an American football player and coach.
# W. van Driel (shipping company)

The oldest Rhine shipping company for bulk goods W. van Driel Stoomboot- & Transportbedrijven (W. van Driel Steamboat & Transport Companies) was founded in 1888 by Willem van Driel sr. (1845-1911), with headquarters on the Noordereiland in Rotterdam on the Maaskade to operate a tugboat company and to focus on mass transport to the Rhine of grain, ore, etc.
Willem van Driel Sr. had worked his way up from sailor to captain on the Waal tugboat Nieuwe Zorg, which he later purchased, before setting up his tugboat company. The first tugboat in a series, called Fiat Voluntas I, was launched in 1884 at the Wilton shipyard in Rotterdam. These tugs usually had a length of about 30 metres (98 ft) and a draft of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in), which made them excellent for navigation on the Rhine. In the end, 29 tugs were built or bought between 1884 and 1966. In 1913 the fleet had already been expanded to 17 tugs and 41 towage vessels. In the end, more than 80 towage vessels were built or bought, mainly named W. van Driel 34 to 72, and seven motor vessels, the last of which was scrapped in 1985. Between 1916 and 1937, 13 more coasters were built. In the following years, a 700-ton crane vessel, a 1,550-ton tow crane and steamships followed. In the beginning of the 1980s, eight cargo barges were built.
Director Willem van Driel jr. built his first office at Maaskade 113, which was occupied in 1915, as an expression of the leading role his company played within the inland shipping companies of that time. In the course of the nineteen-twenties, however, the inland shipping industry deteriorated. In 1927 Van Driel had to sell his prestigious building to another harbor baron, Frans Swartouw. The company continued for a while, partly operating under its own name from the building at Maaskade 127. In 1939 the shipping company was taken over by the Staatsmijnen, (company of state-operated Dutch coal mines). W. van Driel was resurrected by the Staatsmijnen after taking heavy blows in the period between the two world wars. World War II caused considerable material damage to the company. In 1945 W. van Driel's fleet, damaged, sunk or burnt out, was scattered across Western Europe. Many ships were sold for scrap. With a large charterer like the Staatsmijnen behind it, the old shipping company was able to develop anew in many directions. In 1998, the shares of the shipping company were sold to the chartering office Van der Graaf & Meeusen, whereby the name of the shipping company continued to exist for the fleet.
In the flag of the shipping company are the words: Fiat Voluntas (Thy will be done) and W.v.D. (Willem van Driel - Wij Varen Door = We Sail On).

## Literature

Arie Lentjes (comp. and final ed.). Willem van Driel's Stoomboot- en Transportondernemingen N.V. sinds 1888. Rotterdam, Vereniging De Binnenvaart, 2002. ISBN 90-805143-2-2. Geschiedenis van de binnenscheepvaart, nr. 4.
# Leonardo Barbieri

Leonardo Barbieri (1818–1896) was an Italian painter, who was active in the Americas in from 1840s to the 1860s. He is famous for his numerous portraits of Californios, produced between 1849 and 1853, considered to be California's most important collection of portraits from the 19th century, earning him the epithet as "California's Leonardo".

## Life

Barbieri was born in 1818 in the Duchy of Savoy, Kingdom of Sardinia. He was educated in Lyon.

### Argentina and Bolivia

Barbieri emigrated to the Americas in 1844, to Buenos Aires in Argentina, where he became a portraitist. He subsequently taught drawing in La Paz, Bolivia.

### California

By 1849, he had opened a studio in San Francisco, followed by Santa Barbara in 1850 and 1852, and Monterey in 1852. Barbieri is famed for his numerous portraits of Californios, including:
* Don Guillermo Castro; 1852. Held by the Hayward Area Historical Society
* Don José de la Guerra y Noriega; 1850. Held by the Santa Barbara Historical Museum
* Don Carlos Antonio Carrillo; 1852. Held by the Santa Barbara Historical Museum
* Doña Ramona de los Ángeles Lorenzana; 1852. Held by the Santa Barbara Historical Museum
* Padre José González Rubio; 1850. Held by Mission Santa Barbara
* Don Francisco Pérez Pacheco; 1852. Held by the De Saisset Museum at Santa Clara University
* Doña Feliciana Estada Pacheco; 1852. Held by the De Saisset Museum at Santa Clara University
* Doña María Pacheco Malarín; 1852. Held by the De Saisset Museum at Santa Clara University

### Mexico

In July 1853, he accompanied Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon in a steamship from California down to Acapulco and then overland to Mexico City, during which he became a close friend of Raousset-Boulbon.

### Peru

He was a portrait painter and daguerrotypist in Lima, Peru in 1861-1863, He opened an art school, and his students included Peruvian painters Federico del Campo and Daniel Hernández Morillo.

### Later life

Barbieri returned to Europe in 1871. He died in his home village in Savoy in 1896.

## Legacy

Although his tenure in California was brief, his oeuvre is considered to be the most important collection of portraiture of 19th century California, during a historically crucial period of its transition from Mexican to American rule.
The largest collections of his works make up part of the permanent collections at the De Saisset Museum of Santa Clara University and the Santa Barbara Historical Museum.
# W. poeppigii

W. poeppigii may refer to:
* Wettinia poeppigii, a monoecious palm
* Wittmackia poeppigii, a plant native to the West Indies, Costa Rica, Panama, and northern South America
# Astra 4A

Astra 4A (originally Sirius 4) is one of the Astra communications satellites owned and operated by SES at the Astra 5°E orbital slot providing digital television and radio broadcasts, data, and interactive services to Nordic countries, eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa in the 11.70 GHz-12.75 GHz range of the K$_u$ band and 18.8 GHz-21.75 GHz range of the K$_a$ band.

## Overview

The satellite was launched in November 2007 as Sirius 4 by SES Sirius. At that time, SES owned a 75% shareholding in SES Sirius, which was increased to 90% in 2008 and to 100% in March 2010. In June 2010, the affiliate company was renamed SES Astra (then a subsidiary company of SES) and the Sirius 4 satellite was renamed Astra 4A.
Astra 4A provides three K$_u$ band broadcast beams - the Nordic beam to Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, the European beam to Eastern European and Baltic countries including Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, and the African beam to sub-Saharan Africa.
Reception is possible on dishes as small as 60 cm from all three beams, with reception from the European beam across Europe and from the African beam across sub-Saharan across Africa with dishes of 90 cm-120 cm.
The satellite also carries a dedicated payload of two transponders for K$_a$ band services, for applications such as interactive and contribution services. Both uplink and downlink within the African footprint are available, and also inter-connectivity between Africa and Europe so broadcasting out of Europe is available without the need for expensive fibre ground links.
Five of these African beam transponders are contracted with ETV and Globecast having signed one transponder each and three transponders signed by On Digital Media for the South African TopTV network.
Co-located with Astra 4A at 5°E is the SES-5 satellite. Launched in July 2012, this satellite provides a similar European and African coverage and was originally named Sirius 5, but renamed to Astra 4B in 2010 and then to SES-5 in 2011.

## Previous use of name

The Astra 4A designation was originally given in June 2005 to 33 transponders of the NSS-10 craft (itself formerly called AMC-12) owned by another then subsidiary of SES, SES New Skies, and positioned at 37.5° west for broadcast, data, and telecommunications into Africa.
For the current spacecraft, the Astra 4A designation originally applied only to the FSS Africa beam that provides six 36 MHz transponders for sub-Saharan Africa. The remainder of the spacecraft was called Sirius 4 at that time (from November 2007 to June 2010).
# Edward Gordon, Baron Gordon of Drumearn

Edward Strathearn Gordon, Baron Gordon of Drumearn, PC (10 April 1814 – 21 August 1879) was a Scottish judge and politician.

## Early life and education

Gordon was born on 10 April 1814. He was educated at Inverness Royal Academy, Royal High School, Edinburgh, the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh.

## Career

He was called to the Scottish bar in 1835. He was appointed Sheriff of Perth for 1858 to 1866, Solicitor General for Scotland from 1866 to 1867, and Lord Advocate from 1867 to 1868 and again from 1874 to 1876. He was Dean of the Faculty of Advocates from 1868 to 1874. He became a Queen's Counsel in 1868, and was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1874. He was a made a Law Life Peer in 1876 as Baron Gordon of Drumearn, in the County of Stirling, and sat as a Lord of Appeal from 1876 to 1879.
He was the Conservative Member of Parliament for Thetford from 1867 to 1868 and for Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities from 1869 to 1876.

## Personal life

In 1845, Gordon married Agnes MacInnes. Together they had seven children, including Frederick Gordon. Their daughter Ella married in 1871 John James Hood Gordon.
As of 1874–75, he lived at 2 Randolph Crescent on the edge of the Moray Estate in western Edinburgh.
He died in Brussels while travelling to Homburg for his health and is buried with his family against the original north boundary wall of Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh.
# Tallahassee Wine and Food Festival

The Tallahassee Wine and Food Festival is an annual two-day charitable event held in November in Tallahassee, Florida, United States which began in 1995.
This festival was held virtually in 2020.

## Non-profit affiliations

The TWFF benefits the March of Dimes to improve the health of babies by preventing birth defects, preterm birth, and infant mortality.

## Events within the larger event

The TWFF as a whole is a combination of several smaller events which include: A wine dinner reception, wine dinner, celebrity chef, VIP reception at wine tasting, festival shoppe, wine auction, silent auction, press and media party, golf tournament, and meélange market.

## Sponsors

The TWFF is sponsored at-large by insurance companies in the categories of diamond, platinum, gold, silver and bronze. Each of the festival's separate events shown above are sponsored by local businesses.
Media sponsors include some of Tallahassee's print media such as the Tallahassee Democrat, Tallahassee Magazine as well as broadcast media such as Comcast and Clear Channel Communications.
# Spinal canal

In human anatomy, the spinal canal, vertebral canal or spinal cavity is an elongated body cavity enclosed within the dorsal bony arches of the vertebral column, which contains the spinal cord, spinal roots and dorsal root ganglia. It is a process of the dorsal body cavity formed by alignment of the vertebral foramina. Under the vertebral arches, the spinal canal is also covered anteriorly by the posterior longitudinal ligament and posteriorly by the ligamentum flavum. The potential space between these ligaments and the dura mater covering the spinal cord is known as the epidural space. Spinal nerves exit the spinal canal via the intervertebral foramina under the corresponding vertebral pedicles.
In humans, the spinal cord gets outgrown by the vertebral column during development into adulthood, and the lower section of the spinal canal is occupied by the filum terminale and a bundle of spinal nerves known as the cauda equina instead of the actual spinal cord, which finishes at the L1/L2 level.

## Structure

The vertebral canal is enclosed anteriorly by the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and the posterior longitudinal ligament; it is enclosed posteriorly by the vertebral laminae and the ligamenta flava; laterally, it is incompletely enclosed by the pedicles with the interval between two adjacent pedicles on either side creating an intervertebral foramen (allowing the passage of the spinal nerves and radicular blood vessels).
The vertebral canal progressively narrows inferiorly. It is wider in the cervical region to accommodate the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord.

### Contents

The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid mater which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer, the pia mater. The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is closely attached to the spinal cord. A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and/or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinal cord, namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries, accompanied by corresponding spinal veins. The anterior and posterior spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinal cord and these supply nutrients to the canal. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin-walled blood vessels called the internal vertebral venous plexuses.

## Clinical significance

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the canal which can occur in any region of the spine and can be caused by a number of factors. It may result in cervical myelopathy if the narrowed canal impinges on the spinal cord itself.
Spinal canal endoscopy can be used to investigate the epidural space, and is an important spinal diagnostic technique.

## History

The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel.
# Claremont City Hall

Claremont City Hall, also known as the Claremont Opera House, is located at 58 Opera House Square in the heart of Claremont, New Hampshire, United States.

## Description

The monumental Italian Renaissance Revival two-story brick and brownstone building was designed by New York City architect Charles A. Rich, an alumnus of nearby Dartmouth College, and built between 1895 and 1897. Hira R. Beckwith, an architect in Claremont, was the contractor. Many of the construction materials for the building came from the surrounding region. The foundation consists of Green Mountain rock, and the base was dressed Connecticut River brownstone from Springfield, Massachusetts. The major part of the exterior is built from nearly one million bricks from Lebanon, New Hampshire. The original design of the building included first floor that housed a meeting space seating 700, while the upper floor housed the "opera house" (auditorium), which seated nearly 1,000 and included a stage adequate for mounting theatrical productions. Rich and Beckwith spent two years and $62,000 to construct the building as a regional center for entertainment, cultural, community and political events. The building was dedicated on June 22, 1897.
The auditorium has a frescoed ceiling and a decorative wall frieze culminating with a proscenium arch adorned with a combination of basswood, painted cream, and a gold leafed molded plaster-work in high relief. Much of the gold leaf is original. There is a circular multicolored fresco of the New Hampshire state seal seated above the proscenium arch. Total seating capacity for the auditorium is 783. In 1960, the first floor of the building was partitioned to house additional city offices, and the opera house was closed in 1963 citing lack of use. A restoration committee was created in the 1970s to spearhead the opera house's restoration and modernization, and after a lengthy awareness and fundraising campaign, it was renovated and reopened in 1979. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

## History

In the early 1900s the Claremont Opera House was the entertainment center for the Upper Connecticut River Valley area. Much of this early success was due to Harry Eaton, local druggist and manager of the Opera House for 32 years. Eaton arranged for theatrical and musical acts, vaudeville minstrel shows, and films to perform in Claremont. John Philip Sousa's Band of Fifty, with three soloists, notably appeared in concert for a 1906 Saturday matinee.
Today, the entire building is seen as a historic treasure. In addition to city offices and the performance space, the Claremont Police Department, District Court, City offices, and Claremont City Council chambers are also located on premises. The Opera House itself, now run by a Board of Directors, continues to present a wide variety of local, regional, and touring entertainment to the public.