OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Edward St. John

Charles Edward St. John (March 15, 1857 – April 26, 1935) was an American astronomer.
He was born in Allen, Michigan to Hiriam A. St. John and his wife Lois Bacon; the youngest of a family of four sons and two daughters. In 1873 he entered Michigan Normal College, then graduated at the age of 19. For the next ten years, he suffered from ill health. After recovering, he became a teacher at the college, and in 1887 he graduated with a B.S. from Michigan State Agricultural College. He performed two years of graduate study in electromagnetism at the University of Michigan, then earned an M.A. from Harvard University in 1893. He was awarded a John Tyndall Fellowship and studied for a year in Berlin before returning to earn his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1896.
After teaching for a year at the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of physics at Oberlin College. He made professor in 1899 and became Dean of the College of Arts and Science in 1907. In May 1908 at the age of 51 he joined the staff at Mount Wilson Observatory. There he studied the Sun, observing sun spots, the structure of the solar atmosphere, examined the Sun's element composition using spectroscopy, and so forth. In his later work, he spent much time working to confirm the theory of general relativity. He also made observations of the planet Venus, showing that there was insufficient oxygen in the atmosphere to support life (as we know it). Between 1909 and 1930 he published 80 papers. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1924 and the American Philosophical Society in 1928. He also served as President of Commission 12 of the International Astronomical Union until 1932.
The crater St. John on the far side of the Moon is named after him.
# Star Appeal

Star Appeal (1970–1987) was an Irish-bred Thoroughbred and sire who won top-class races in four countries. In 1975, he became the first German-trained racehorse to win the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

## Racing career

Star Appeal was initially raced in Ireland, where his first trainer was John Oxx senior. He then moved to Germany where he achieved success with his third trainer, Theo Grieper.
Star Appeal was a horse who campaigned in major races at home and across Europe. Among Star Appeal's wins were back-to-back editions of the Grosser Preis der Badischen Wirtschaft and the Frankfurt Pokal in Germany, Italy's Premio Carlo d'Alessio and Premio Carlo d'Alessio, England's Eclipse Stakes, and the most important win of his career at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris, France, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Ridden by Greville Starkey, he won the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe at odds of 118:1, defeating a large field which included the great Dahlia and Allez France. For his 1975 performances, Star Appeal was rated the 1975 European Horse of the Year.

## Stud record

Retired from racing following a fifth-place finish to Nobiliary in the Washington, D.C. International Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse in the United States, Star Appeal served stallion duty at the English National Stud. He sired such good runners as Kamiros II, Madam Gay, and Star Way.
Star Appeal died at age seventeen on 25 December 1987.
# Castelnuovo Scrivia

Castelnuovo Scrivia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Alessandria.

## History

The city was fortified around 500 CE by order of Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, and in 722 it was enlarged by the Lombard king Liutprand. An ally of Frederick Barbarossa in his war against the Lombardy communes, it took part in the destruction of Tortona in 1115, obtaining certain privileges in exchange. Around 1300 Castelnuovo became part of the Duchy of Milan.
In 1570 it changed name from Castelnuovo di Tortona to Castelnuovo Scrivia, and become a fief of the Marini family and, after their extinction in 1778, of the Centurione family.

## Main sights

* The parish church, in Romanesque style, dates to the 12th century although restored in the 16th and 19th century. It has a portal with medieval lions sculptures, lunette and capitals executed in Frederick Barbarossa times. The interior, on a nave and two aisles, houses a 15th-century fresco with the Madonna of the Misericordia and four 11th-century capitals from the old pieve. Moreover, in the "Corpus Domini" chapel, there is a 16th-century painting by Alessandro Berri, representing "The Last Supper". It is a copy of the famous mural painting "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci.
* Palazzo Pretorio (castle of the Torriani and Bandello families) has an ogival portico, with mullioned windows. The upper storey has 11th- and 16th-century frescoes. The castle has a crenellated tower, 39 metres (128 ft) high.
* Church of Sant'Ignazio (17th century)
* Palazzo Centurione (17th century), in Genoese style. It houses the city museum

## Notable people

* Matteo Bandello (c.1480–1562), writer.
* Alessandro Berri (c. 1600), painter
* Cesare Zerba (1892–1973), Roman Catholic cardinal.
* Vittorio Malosti (1900–1945). Artisan, killed one month after the end of World War II. The location of his body and the identity of his murderers were never revealed.

## Twin towns

* Port-Sainte-Marie, France
* Santa Domenica Talao, Italy
# Holy Rosary Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

Holy Rosary was established in 1913 as a parish located in the Northwest-East Deanery of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington in an area known as Swampoodle. The parish is administered by the Scalabrinian Fathers.

## Location

Holy Rosary Catholic Church is located at 595 Third Street NW in Washington, D.C. It is near the National Building Museum and Judiciary Square metro station.

## History

Holy Rosary held its first mass on Sunday, December 14, 1913, at 83 H Street, NW, in the living room of a house rented by Father Nicola De Carlo, the first pastor. The congregation quickly outgrew this chapel and moved to a second townhouse at 902 Third Street, NW, where it stayed until it was able to build its own church. The cornerstone was laid for the third, and current, location on September 7, 1919, and the upper church was dedicated on April 29, 1923.
In the 1950s, when sections of the city were undergoing urban renewal, Holy Rosary was almost demolished when plans were proposed for the construction of I-395.
The parish celebrated its centennial on December 8, 2013.

### Parish priests

* Nicola De Carlo (1913-1961)
* Giulivo Tessarolo (1961-1963)
* Giuseppe Spigolon (1963-1970)
* Mario Bordignon (1970-1972)
* Cesare Donanzan (1972-1992)
* Terry Bagatin (1992-1996)
* Charles Zanoni (1996-2006)
* Lydio Tomasi (2006-2013)
* Ezio Marchetto (2013-2021)
* Andrei Zanon (2021)
* Sergio Dall'Agense (2021-)

## Gallery

* View of the church complex
* The Italian Ambassador and Senora Fulvia Suvich leaving Holy Rosary Catholic Church after attending a requiem mass in honor of Guglielmo Marconi in 1936.
# Arklow Pottery

Arklow Pottery was an Irish pottery company which operated from 1934 to 1998. The company produced many decorative earthenware goods and general table crockery.

## History

Arklow Pottery was founded in 1934 and formally opened by Seán Lemass (Minister for Industry and Commerce) 29 July 1935 in South Quay, Arklow, County Wicklow.
After the Carrigaline Pottery, Arklow was the second pottery founded in the Irish Free State. When it opened, it employed 200 people. These included 15 local young women from a technical institute and 30 experienced professionals from Staffordshire Potteries. As there had been no historical ceramics industry in Ireland, the English workers were needed to train their Irish colleagues.
Early pieces has a strong English influence, by the 1940s the Pottery had developed "a distinctive Irish style." Earlier pieces featured 22 carat gold. The Dressier tunnel oven in the Pottery was thought to be the second largest in the world and could fire 20,000 to 25,000 objects every week. The ceramics featured both transfer and hand-painting.
Arklow Pottery ran into financial difficulties in the 1970s and was taken over by Japanese tableware company Noritake in 1977. After losses of more than £7.5 million over a 20-year period, the company ceased production in 1998, having closed a factory in 1985. At its peak the company had employed 480 people.
There is no definitive catalogue of Arklow back-stamps, and is collectable but not very valuable. Alongside everyday ceramics and tableware, the Pottery produced commemorative pieces. The most collectable Arklow pieces are from 1962 to 1969, when ceramist John ffrench ran the art pottery in the factory, Arklow Studio Pottery. An example of ffrench's work, an Arklow Pottery cup and saucer with Tiger stripes is held in the collections of the National Museum of Ireland.

## Gallery

* Cottage Rose series saucer
* Cottage Rose series saucer reverse
* Tara Brooch series jug and sugar bowl
* Tara Brooch series cup, saucer and side plate showing logo
# Pop Smith

Charles Marvin "Pop" Smith (October 12, 1856 – April 18, 1927) was a Canadian Major League Baseball player from Digby, Nova Scotia, Canada. He played as an infielder for 10 teams over his 12-year career, spanning from 1880 to 1891.
On April 17, 1890, Smith became the first player to go to the plate six times and not have an official at-bat. He received five walks and was hit by the pitch his last plate appearance.
Smith died in Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of 70, and was buried in Brighton's Evergreen Cemetery. In 2005, he was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.
# Bumetopia aliena

Bumetopia aliena is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1842. It is known from the Philippines.
# Bartell mechanism

The Bartell mechanism is a pseudorotational mechanism similar to the Berry mechanism. It occurs only in molecules with a pentagonal bipyramidal molecular geometry, such as IF$_7$. This mechanism was first predicted by H. B. Bartell. The mechanism exchanges the axial atoms with one pair of the equatorial atoms with an energy requirement of about 2.7 kcal/mol. Similarly to the Berry mechanism in square planar molecules, the symmetry of the intermediary phase of the vibrational mode is "chimeric" of other mechanisms; it displays characteristics of the Berry mechanism, a "lever" mechanism seen in pseudorotation of disphenoidal molecules, and a "turnstile" mechanism (which can be seen in trigonal bipyramidal molecules under certain conditions).
# Adolph Kummernuss

Adolph Kummernuss (23 June 1895 – 7 August 1979) was a German trade union leader.
Born in Hamburg, Kummernuss found work in the city's port, and joined the youth wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), then in 1912 became a full party member. That year, he also joined the German Transport Workers' Union. In 1915, he was conscripted into the army, serving on the Eastern Front and then after a serious injury, on the Western Front, before being invalided out in 1918.
After the war, Kummernuss took a variety of jobs, and gradually rose to prominence in his union and in the SPD. He strongly opposed the Nazis, and when they forceably dissolved the unions, in 1933, he continued to organise illegal union meetings, working closely with the International Transport Workers' Federation. He was arrested in 1935, and spent several months in the Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp, before being sentenced to two years in prison. He was released in 1937, and found work in a warehouse, later becoming a factory manager.
As soon as World War II finished, Kummernuss began organising a trade union in the civil service of the British occupying force. In 1947, he was elected as chair of the new Local Committee of Greater Hamburg of the German Trade Union Confederation, which represented the trade unions in the region, and also became the founding president of the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union of the British Zone. From 1946 until 1949, he also served on the Hamburg Citizen's Committee, representing the SPD.
In 1949, Kummernuss' union established the national Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union (ÖTV), closely based on its structure - for example, not including railway workers - and Kummernuss was elected as its first president. He also played a prominent role in establishing the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB), and served on the executive of the Public Services International (PSI). He was sharply critical of former Nazi Party members re-entering public life, and was often spoken of as a possible future leader of the DGB. However, he decided to focus on the ÖTV and, from 1956, an additional role as President of the PSI.
Kummernuss' term as leader of the ÖTV ended in 1961, and as he was above the age limit, he was due to retire. However, the union voted strongly to change the by-laws so he could continue. In 1962, he was appointed to the Economic and Social Committee of the European Economic Community. He retired from his trade union work in 1964, moving to Lübeck. In 1971, he was elected to the seniors' council of the SPD. He died in 1979, and was buried at sea.
# Allexander Hand

Allexander Hand (born c. 1836) was a quartermaster in the US Navy for the Union during the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor. Prior to the Civil War, he resided in Delaware. During the Civil War, while serving aboard the USS Ceres, in a fight near Hamilton on the Roanoke River, Hand was fired upon by the enemy with small arms, and "courageously returned the raking enemy fire." His commanding officer later spoke for his "good conduct and cool bravery under enemy fire," which led to him receiving the Medal of Honor.
# Alto Pichigua District

Alto Pichigua District is one of eight districts of the Espinar Province in Peru.

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Wamanlipani at approximately 4,800 m (15,700 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Allqamarina
* Chilla Tira
* Chuqita
* Ch'iyar Jaqhi
* Ch'ulluni
* Lluxita
* Muru Sirk'a
* Qillqa
* Qaqa Wasi
* Qayqu
* Qurani
* Saywa Sirk'a
* Sirk'a Qaqa
* Tara Qaqa
* Tarukayuq
* Wisa Punta
* Yana Urqu
* Yaritani

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (91.87%) learnt to speak in childhood, 7.88% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
# Alto Parnaíba

Alto Parnaíba is a Brazilian municipality in the southernmost tip of the state of Maranhão. In 2020, the city's population was 11,212.
The municipality contains part of the 724,324 hectares (1,789,840 acres) Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park, created in 2002.

## Climate

Alto Parnaíba experiences a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw) with hot temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons.
The city experiences a wet season from November to April. The dry season extends from May to September, with June through August having almost no rainfall.
Alto Parnaíba has hot and humid conditions throughout the year. September and October, before the wet season, are the hottest months, with average highs around 36 °C (97 °F).
Climate data for Alto Parnaíba (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.2 (90.0) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.8 (92.8) | 35.3 (95.5) | 36.7 (98.1) | 35.8 (96.4) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.4 (90.3) | 33.6 (92.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.3 (79.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.8 (71.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 20.2 (68.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 20.7 (69.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 231.0 (9.09) | 195.7 (7.70) | 241.6 (9.51) | 128.4 (5.06) | 39.6 (1.56) | 2.5 (0.10) | 0.4 (0.02) | 2.0 (0.08) | 14.1 (0.56) | 74.8 (2.94) | 163.8 (6.45) | 186.3 (7.33) | 1,280.2 (50.40) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.3 | 15.4 | 15.9 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 96.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 81.0 | 82.2 | 82.5 | 79.5 | 74.2 | 68.3 | 63.4 | 58.3 | 56.7 | 64.4 | 75.2 | 78.6 | 72.0 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 21.9 (71.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 18.4 (65.1) | 18.1 (64.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 21.3 (70.3) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 165.4 | 142.5 | 165.7 | 189.4 | 240.5 | 274.8 | 298.2 | 288.6 | 252.9 | 222.2 | 173.8 | 163.0 | 2,577 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# Adrian Sprott

Adrian Sprott (23 March 1962 – 10 June 2023) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender or winger for Meadowbank Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Stenhousemuir.
Sprott played for Hamilton in the Scottish Premier Division as a semi-professional player, as he combined his football career with working for Lothian & Borders Police. During that period, Sprott scored a goal that knocked Rangers out of the Scottish Cup in a famous cup upset. It also ended a British record period of Rangers goalkeeper Chris Woods not conceding a goal.
Sprott died on 10 June 2023, at the age of 61.

## Honours
### Player

Stenhousemuir
* Scottish Challenge Cup 1995–96
# Burg Neudenstein

Burg Neudenstein is a castle in Carinthia, Austria. Burg Neudenstein is situated at a height of 439 m.
# Aegomorphus clavipes

Aegomorphus clavipes is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae.
It is native to Eurasia.
# Bunkers (energy in transport)

In energy statistics, marine bunkers and aviation bunkers as defined by the International Energy Agency are the energy consumption of ships and aircraft.
Marine and aviation bunkers are reported separately from international bunkers, which represent consumption of ships and aircraft on international routes.
International bunkers are subtracted from the energy supplies of a country to calculate its domestic consumption. It is as if international aviation and international shipping did not belong to any country. They are managed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

## Critics

The European Federation for Transport and Environment has only limited confidence in ICAO and IMO's ability to reduce air and sea emissions due to international bunkers and thus to comply with the Paris Climate Agreement.

## A few figures

International marine bunkers amount to 2,466 TWh/a whereas international aviation bunkers amount to 2,163 TWh/a.
# Barrow Wake

Barrow Wake is a scenic view in Gloucestershire, near Birdlip, England.
Barrow Wake was used as the location for the music video "Wytches" by Pagan Rock Band Inkubus Sukkubus in December 1993.
Inkubus Sukkubus also released an album titled "Barrow Wake - Tales of Witchcraft & Wonder Volume 1", The Album features the title track "Barrow Wake", which is written about Barrow Wake.
# Popioły

Popioły may refer to:
* Popioły (novel) [pl], by Stefan Żeromski
* Popioły (film), a 1965 Polish film
* Popioły, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, a former village in Poland
* Popioły, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, a village in Poland
# But Is it Art?

"But Is it Art?" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, The Green Green Grass. It was first screened on 2 November 2007, as the first episode of the third series. It was written by Jim Sullivan, and directed by Dewi Humphreys. The title derives from Rudyard Kipling's poem "The Conundrum of the Workshops" (1890), which uses the phrase repetitively.

## Synopsis

Boycie and Marlene take a trip to a local country mansion, where Boycie admires the portraits that adorn the walls. Later, in the pub, he recounts his admiration of this long established tradition of respect for the gentry. Meanwhile, thrown out by his wife, Elgin has moved into Bryan's caravan and Mrs Cakeworthy's relentless gossiping fuels speculation about their change in relationship. Later the caravan burns down, and Boycie is horrified to find that Marlene has offered Bryan and Elgin a place to stay until it is fit to inhabit again. Still at the Grange a month later, Boycie despairs of ever getting rid of them, but they have a surprise in store – as a mark of their gratitude, they have commissioned a renowned local artist, Genevieve Klunge, to paint his portrait. Sadly for Boycie, Mrs Klunge is mainly renowned for her paintings of cows.

## Episode cast

| Actor | Role |
| John Challis | Boycie |
| Sue Holderness | Marlene |
| Jack Doolan | Tyler |
| David Ross | Elgin |
| Ivan Kaye | Bryan |
| Ella Kenion | Mrs Cakeworthy |
| Peter Heppelthwaite | Jed |
| Lisa Diveney | Beth |
| Nigel Harrison | Ray |
# Busy signal (disambiguation)

A busy signal is information communicated to a user or apparatus attempting a connection, indicating the requested connection cannot be completed.
* Busy Signal (born 1982), or Reanno Gordon, a dancehall singer from Jamaica
* "Busy Signal", a song by Prefuse 73 from the 2003 album One Word Extinguisher
# Alvania subventricosa

Alvania subventricosa is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Port Alfred, South Africa.
# Alvania sublagouardensis

Alvania sublagouardensis is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 2.30 mm, its diameter 1.30 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils of this species were found in Oligocene strata in Aquitaine, France; age range: 28.4 to 23.03 Ma
# Polsat Box

Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. (; English: Digital Polsat), trading as Polsat Box is a Polish DTH satellite TV platform. It is the fifth-largest digital platform in Europe and the largest in Central and Eastern Europe. Polsat Box has 3.47 million subscribers and, along with its associated mobile network Plus, are the major brands of Grupa Polsat Plus [pl], the trade name of Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. corporate group.
Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. is, from April 2011, the owner of Polsat. The financing of the acquisition of Polsat in May 2011 was possible due to issuing of shares and external sources. With Polsat, Cyfrowy was able to add a very important standing leg to its portfolio regarding TV production and broadcasting.

## History

Polsat Box was launched on 5 December 1999 as Polsat 2 Cyfrowy. The platform was known as Cyfrowy Polsat from 13 June 2003 until 30 August 2021.

## Packages of Polsat Box

* Pakiet S
* Pakiet M
* Pakiet M Sport
* Pakiet L

## Additional options

* Disney+
* Polsat Sport Premium
* Eleven Sports
* Canal+ Sport 3 and 4
* Sport Max
* HBO, HBO Max
* Cinemax
* FilmBox Pack
* Catalogue of VOD movies
* Rozrywka
* Dzieci
# Adrienne Rivera

Adrienne Rivera is an American para-alpine skier. She represented the United States at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in four events in alpine skiing.
She was diagnosed with bone cancer and as a result lost a leg at the age of 14. Following her career in sports she became an aerospace engineer.
She won the gold medal in the Women's Giant Slalom LW2 event and the bronze medal in the Women's Super-G LW2 event.
She also competed in the Women's Downhill LW2 event and the Women's Slalom LW2 event but did not win a medal.
# Aeschynite-(Y)

Aeschynite-(Y) (or Aeschinite-(Y), Aeschynite-(Yt), Blomstrandine, Priorite) is a rare earth mineral of yttrium, calcium, iron, thorium, titanium, niobium, oxygen, and hydrogen with the chemical formula (Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)$_2$(O,OH)$_6$. Its name comes from the Greek word for "shame". Its Mohs scale rating is 5 to 6.