OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# I Zingari League

The I Zingari League was an amateur association football competition based in Liverpool, England which existed from 1895.
Its name means 'the gypsies' in dialecticised Italian, and I Zingari was the name of an English amateur cricket club formed in 1845, and an Australian one formed 40 years later. The Liverpool football league’s name invokes their spirit of amateur competition.
The league ran until 2006, when it merged with the Liverpool County Combination to form the new Liverpool County Premier League. It was at one time a feeder to the North West Counties League.
Geographically, the League's member clubs spanned an area administered by the Liverpool County Football Association, Cheshire Football Association and Lancashire County Football Association and players from the League's clubs have played in the representative teams of all three associations. Two players gained a cap for the England national amateur football team whilst playing for clubs in the I Zingari League, J B Healey (Old Xaverians) in 1908 and A E Millington (Liverpool Police) in 1930, despite the longstanding bias of the selection process in favour of players from clubs in London and the South East.
Notable local non-league clubs Marine and Formby competed in this league in the past. A representative fixture against the Lancashire Amateur League was played annually between 1919 and the league's discontinuation.

## Member clubs

The final season's Premier Division featured 14 teams. The final champions were Old Xaverians.
* Alsop OB
* BRNESC
* Collegiate OB
* East Villa
* Hill Athletic
* Liverpool NALGO
* Mackets
* NELTC
* Old Xaverians
* Quarry Bank OB
* Red Rum
* Roma
* Turpins Devonshire
* Warbreck

## I Zingari Combination

The I Zingari Combination was founded in 1904 to serve as a competition primarily for the reserve sides of I Zingari League clubs. Despite the discontinuation of the League, the Combination continues to run, hosting 39 teams across a single open-age and three veterans' divisions. Whilst no formal arrangement exists, the open-age competition frequently serves as a provider of clubs to the Liverpool County Premier League. It can therefore be said to occupy a position at level 14 of the English football league system.
# Inferior cerebellar peduncle

The inferior cerebellar peduncle is formed by fibers of the restiform body that join with fibers from the much smaller juxtarestiform body. The inferior cerebellar peduncle is the smallest of the three cerebellar peduncles.
The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior cerebellar peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
Each cerebellar inferior peduncle connects the spinal cord and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body.
Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others.

## Function

The inferior cerebellar peduncle carries many types of input and output fibers that are mainly concerned with integrating proprioceptive sensory input with motor vestibular functions such as balance and posture maintenance. It consists of fibers from the four spinocerebellar tracts that enter the cerebellum:
* Posterior spinocerebellar tract: unconscious proprioceptive information from the lower part of trunk and lower limb. This tract originates at the ipsilateral Clarke's nucleus (T1-L1) and travels upward to reach the inferior cerebellar peduncle and synapses within the spinocerebellum (also known as the paleocerebellum).
* Cuneocerebellar tract: unconscious proprioceptive information from the upper limb and neck. This tract originates at the ipsilateral accessory cuneate nucleus and travels through the inferior cerebellar peduncle to reach the spinocerebellum part of the cerebellum.
* Trigeminocerebellar tract: unconscious proprioceptive information from the face.
* Olivocerebellar tract: "error signal" in movement originates from the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. This tract originates at contralateral inferior olivary nucleus and enters the cerebellum as a climbing fiber.
* Vestibulocerebellar tract: vestibular information projects onto the vestibulocerebellum (also known as the archicerebellum).
This peduncle also carries information leaving cerebellum: from the Purkinje cells to the vestibular nuclei in the dorsal brainstem located at the junction between the pons and medulla oblongata.
# Cryptognatha nodiceps

Cryptognatha nodiceps, known generally as the coconut scale predator or sugarcane scale predator, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae; it is found in the Caribbean region, North America, and Oceania, having been introduced to various countries in an attempt to provide biological pest control of the coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor).

## Description

The larvae of Cryptognatha nodiceps are dark yellow and elongated, with long waxy outgrowths, and grow to a length of about 7 mm (0.28 in). The pupae are a similar colour. The adults are shiny, rounded, dome-shaped beetles, about 2 mm (0.08 in) in length. The head and pronotum are brown and the elytra are blackish.

## Distribution

Cryptognatha nodiceps is native to Trinidad and Tobago and is present in other parts of the Caribbean region and in Florida. It is also present in Colombia, Guyana, Angola, São Tomé and Príncipe, Pakistan and the Philippines. It has been introduced into a number of island groups including Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Vanuatu and Hawaii.

## Ecology

The adult female Cryptognatha nodiceps lives for about five weeks, producing an average of about 140 eggs, with the time between consecutive generations being about six weeks. Eggs are laid singly underneath an empty scale test. Both larvae and adults feed on various scale insects in the families Diaspididae and Coccidae, including the coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor), with adults eating about twenty coconut scales in a day. They also consume the coconut whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois), but are unable to reproduce on this alone; they do not feed on aphids, psyllids or mealybugs. This lady beetle is used in the biological pest control of coconut scale, which has spread from southern Asia to various parts of the tropics and subtropics where coconuts are grown.
# Terebra terryni

Terebra terryni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.

## Original description

* Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Goto Y. (2018). New marine species from the Central Philippines. Visaya. 5(1): 91–135. page(s): 111, pl. 12 figs 4–5.
# Coralliophila scalaris

Coralliophila scalaris is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# El Vilar de Cabó

El Vilar de Cabó is a locality located in the municipality of Cabó, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 21.

## Geography

El Vilar de Cabó is located 122km northeast of Lleida.
# Punctelia transtasmanica

Punctelia transtasmanica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Australasia.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was described as a new species in 2005 by Australian lichenologists John Alan Elix and Gintaras Kantvilas. The type was collected near the summit of South Sister in Tasmania, at an altitude of 800 m (2,600 ft). There it was found on Tasmanian pepperberry growing in wet scrub. The specific epithet refers to "the occurrence of this species along the eastern and western shores of the Tasman Sea". The lichen also occurs in Flinders Island (northeast of Tasmania), where it is locally common, and the North Island of New Zealand. Punctelia transtasmanica resembles P. borreri, and had historically been confused with that species. They can be distinguished by differences in chemical reactions to lichen spot tests.

## Description

The lichen has a foliose, pale-grey to blue-grey to green-grey thallus measuring 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) wide, with a fairly loose attachment to its substrate. The thallus comprises crowded lobes, sometimes overlapping, each measuring 1–4 mm. The thallus surface is more or less smooth with wrinkles near the centre, and has soredia and pseudocyphellae. The undersurface of the thallus is wrinkled, brownish black to black in colour, with many simple (unbranched) brown to black rhizines. The results of standard lichen spot tests are cortex K+ (yellow); medulla K−, C+ (red), KC+ (red), P−. Punctelia transtasmanica contains the secondary chemicals atranorin, chloroatranorin (both minor), lecanoric acid (major), and gyrophoric acid (trace amounts).
# Bettye Anne Case

Bettye Anne Busbee Case is Olga Larson Professor Emerita of Mathematics at Florida State University. Her mathematical research concerns complex variables; she has also published on mathematics education and the history of mathematics. She is the editor of the books A Century of Mathematical Meetings (American Mathematical Society, 1996) and Complexities: Women in Mathematics (with Anne M. Leggett, Princeton University Press, 2005).

## Education and career

Case graduated from the University of Alabama in 1962. She earned her Ph.D. in 1970 from the same university; her dissertation, On Non-Analytic Functions Related to a System of Partial Differential Equations, was supervised by Mario O. González. She taught at the Florida Institute of Technology and then at Tallahassee Community College for nine years before joining the Florida State University faculty as an associate professor in 1982.
Case was the founding director of both the undergraduate program in actuarial science and the graduate area financial mathematics at Florida State. She was active member of the Association for Women in Mathematics, and coordinated their meetings at mathematics conferences from 1984 to 2015.

## Recognition

Florida State named Case the Olga Larson Professor in 2004. In 2012, Florida State created the Bettye Anne Case Scholarship in Actuarial Science to recognize Case for her work in establishing the actuarial sciences program at Florida State in the 1990s. Florida State also established the Bettye Anne Case Actuarial Science Award to honor Case. In 2016 the Association for Women in Mathematics presented Case a Lifetime Service Award in recognition for her many decades of service to the AWM, particularly as Meetings Coordinator and long time member of the Executive Committee. In 2018 she was honored as one of the inaugural Fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics. Florida State University has a scholarship in Actuarial Science named after her.
# Emanuel Anthony Posselt

Emanuel Anthony Posselt (1858 – June 28, 1921) was an authority on Jacquard looms and weaving. His book on the Jacquard machine is considered to be a classic.

## Biography

Posselt, the son of Emanuel Anthony and Elizabeth (Demuth) Posselt, was born in Reichenberg, Austrian Empire (current Liberec, Czech Republic) on 21 August 1858. Emanuel graduated in 1876 from the Imperial Government Weaving School, also in Reichenberg. During the next two years, he visited most of the important textile manufacturing cities in Europe, and during this time he managed his father's textile mills. In August 1878, he went to the United States, where he worked until 1884 for various textile mills in New England and Pennsylvania.
In 1884, Posselt became the inaugural director of the textile division of Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. In 1891, he resigned that position to accept the editorship of the Textile Record of North America, at the time a leading trade journal.
Posselt then established a private textile academy and a textile trade book business. He published his own work on the Jacquard machine, the technology of textile design, textile calculations, and cotton, wool and silk industries; as well as works by other authors, such as Gardner on wool dyeing. The series Hand Books of the Textile Industry and Posselt's Textile Library, as well as Posselt's Textile Journal that ran between 1907 and 1923, are his own. The last was the immediate forerunner of Textile World.
Posselt died in Philadelphia on June 28, 1921, and is buried in Greenmount Cemetery.

## Family

Posselt married in July 1884 at Colchester, Vermont Anna Clera Pollinger, by whom he had three children: Anna (1896), Elwood (1906) and Gertrude (1908).
# VOS-7

Observation Squadron 7 (VOS-7) (or VCS-7) was a United States Navy artillery observer aircraft squadron based in England during Operation Overlord. The squadron was assembled expressly to provide aerial spotting for naval gunfire support during the invasion of Normandy. Personnel and aircraft were assembled on 1 June 1944 and began flying missions on 6 June 1944. The squadron was disbanded when Allied capture of the town of Cherbourg ended naval bombardment responsibilities on 26 June 1944. It is thought to be one of the shortest-lived squadrons in the history of United States military aviation.

## Background

Catapult-launched Vought OS2U Kingfisher and Curtiss SOC Seagull observation floatplanes traditionally carried aboard battleships and cruisers for artillery observers had been unable to survive Axis fighter planes during the amphibious invasion of Sicily. Faster and more maneuverable fighters were expected to provide more reliable observation of naval gunfire support during the invasion of Normandy. Fighters could reach the invasion coast from bases in England, and gunfire support warship availability would be increased by eliminating time required for launch and recovery of aircraft.

## Personnel and aircraft

Seventeen aviators were assigned from the VOS squadron detachments aboard the battleships USS Arkansas, Texas and Nevada and the heavy cruisers USS Augusta, Tuscaloosa and Quincy. These naval aviators, commanded by the senior aviator from Quincy, were trained by the United States Army Air Forces 67th Reconnaissance Group to fly Supermarine Spitfire Mk V fighter aircraft. VOS-7 is thought to be the only United States Navy Squadron flying Spitfires.

## Operations

VOS-7 was part of the air spotting pool for the Normandy invasion (the 34th Reconnaissance Wing of the RAF Second Tactical Air Force) commanded by Royal Navy Commodore E.C. Thornton. Use of drop tanks allowed missions of two hours with about 30 minutes transit time to the combat area, 45 minutes on station, and 30 minutes to return to base. Spotting missions flew in pairs. The spotter piloted the lead aircraft while his wingman watched for enemy fighters. Preferred altitude was 6,000 feet (1,800 m), but overcast skies often limited visibility above 1,500 feet (460 m).
VOS-7 flew 191 (or 209) combat sorties beginning on 6 June. Ninety-four of those sorties were flown in the first three days. The senior aviator from Tuscaloosa was killed when his Spitfire was hit by flak on 6 June. Flak was responsible for most of the eight VOS-7 Spitfires destroyed by combat damage; but their pilots survived, as did the pilot of a ninth Spitfire destroyed in a non-combat accident. Four VOS-7 pilots survived encounters with Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters. VOS-7 pilots were awarded nine Distinguished Flying Crosses and eleven Air Medals.
# Cronholm

Cronholm is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Josefine Cronholm (born 1971), Swedish jazz vocalist, singer, and songwriter
* Stina Cronholm (born 1936), Swedish athlete
# Incredible Connection

Incredible Connection is a consumer electronics and IT retailer active in southern Africa.
Software connection was founded in 1989 by entrepreneurs Michael Glezerson (Australia) and Michael David Smith (Australia). The initial store was located in Sandton City, Johannesburg. In 1995 the first Incredible connection opened in Woodmead, Johannesburg. The company is now the largest consumer electronics and IT retailer in South Africa and the African continent. On 15 December 1998, Incredible Connection was acquired by Connection Group Holdings Limited and now operates as subsidiary of that company, itself a subsidiary of JD Group Limited. As of 2018, Incredible Connection has 78 retail outlets in southern Africa, up from 34 in 2005.

## Products

In 2009 Dell announced that it would makes its products available to Incredible Connection.
In late 2010 it began offering ADSL data bundles to customers purchasing PCs or notebooks through surplus of its redundant internet backbone from SAT3 and Seacom.
In 2011, Lenovo announced that its revitalized ThinkPad laptops would be available at Incredible Connection.
# Christopher Mogil

Christopher Mogil is an American philanthropist, and author. His book, We Gave Away a Fortune won a 1993 American Book Award. He was the co-director of the Impact Project, and is the founder of Bolder Giving.

## Works

* Christopher Mogil, Anne Slepian, Peter Woodrow We gave away a fortune, New Society Publishers, 1992, ISBN 978-0-86571-221-8
# Bembicium auratum

Bembicium auratum, commonly known as the gold-mouthed conniwink, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.
# El Villar de Arnedo

El Villar de Arnedo is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 18.25 square kilometres (7.05 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 660 people.
# Tathra

Tathra may refer to:
* Tathra, New South Wales, an Australian town
* Tathra National Park, a national park in Western Australia
* Tathra (insect), a genus of crickets in the subfamily Phalangopsinae
# Cocktail d'amore (Stefania Rotolo song)

"Cocktail d'amore" is a song written by Cristiano Malgioglio, Corrado Castellari and Marcello Mancini, and performed by Italian singer Stefania Rotolo.
The song was the ending theme of the television program Tilt, broadcast by Rai 1 and hosted by Rotolo herself. "Cocktail d'amore" was released as a single together with the show's opening theme "Disco tic" by EMI and peaked at number 2 of the Italian hit parade.
"Cocktail d'amore" is considered a "cult song" by the Italian LGBT community. In 2002, Amanda Lear hosted a television program named Cocktail d'amore and released a cover version of the song as the show's opening theme. The Cocktail d'Amore queer party in Berlin was named after the song.

## Charts

Chart performance of "Cocktail d'amore" :
| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| Italy | 2 |
# Ikhlas, Pindigheb

Iikhlas is a village in Pindi Gheb Tehsil of Attock District in Punjab Province of Pakistan.
# International Association of Operative Millers

International Association of Operative Millers (IAOM) is an international organization founded in 1896 which promotes the advancement of education and training opportunities in the grain milling industries. The group was formerly known as the Association of Operative Millers. IAOM is based in Overland Park, Kansas, United States.
The association and its member districts regularly hold meetings.
# Biddenden railway station

Biddenden was a railway station on the Kent and East Sussex Railway which closed in January 1954.
As of 2014 the station building has been converted to a private house ("The Old Station") with parts of the platforms still clearly visible. The station is sited on the northern edge of the village on the A274 North Street/Headcorn Road.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Frittenden Road | British Railways Southern Region KESR | High Halden Road |

## Present day

* Remnants of platforms and brickwork still visible in 2009.
# Kolnyang (boma)

Kolnyang is a boma in Kolnyang payam, Bor South County, Jonglei State, South Sudan.

## Demographics

According to the Fifth Population and Housing Census of Sudan, conducted in April 2008, Kolnyang boma had a population of 7,558 people, composed of 4,046 male and 3,512 female residents.
# Chrobak

Chrobak or Chrobok may refer to:

## Chrobak

* Eugeniusz Chrobak; (pl)
* Ewa Chrobak; (pl)
* Halina Chrobak; (pl)
* Jan Chrobák, Czech cyclo-cross cyclist; (de)
* Krzysztof Chrobak; (pl)
* Marek Chrobak, full professor at University of California
* Rudolf Chrobak (1843-1910), Austrian gynecologist
* Stanisław Chrobak (1902-?), Polish Olympic skier

## Chrobok

* Maksymilian Chrobok; (pl)
* Paweł Chrobok; (pl)
# Convoy JW 54A

Convoy JW 54A was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II. It sailed in November 1943, reaching the Soviet northern ports at the end of the month. JW 54A was the first out-bound Arctic convoy of the 1943–44 winter season, following their suspension during the summer. All ships arrived safely.

## Forces

Convoy JW 54A consisted of 19 merchant ships which departed from Loch Ewe on 15 November 1943. Close escort was provided by the destroyers Inconstant and Whitehall, and two other vessels. These were supported by seven Home Fleet destroyers led by HMS Onslow (Captain James McCoy commandinThe convoy was also accompanied initially by a local escort group from Britain, and was also joined later by a local escort from Murmansk.A cruiser cover force comprising HMS Kent (Rear-Admiral Arthur Palliser), HMS Jamaica and HMS Bermuda also followed the convoy, to guard against attack by surface units. Distant cover was provided by a Heavy Cover Force comprising the battleship HMS Anson, the US cruiser USS Tuscaloosa and four US destroyers. Convoy JW 54A was opposed by a U-boat force of five boats in a patrol line, code-named Eisenbart, in the Norwegian Sea. A surface force comprising the battleship Scharnhorst and five destroyers was also available, stationed at Altenfjord.

## Voyage

JW 54A departed Loch Ewe on 15 November 1943, accompanied by its local escort, of three destroyers, and its close escort. Three days later, on 18 November, it was joined by the ocean escort, while the local escort departed. At the same time the Cruiser Force and the Distant Cover Force from Scapa Flow also put to sea, taking station in the Norwegian Sea. The convoy was not sighted by German reconnaissance aircraft, nor by any of the Eisenbart U-boats, and crossed the Norwegian and Barents Seas without incident. On 24 November JW 54A arrived safely at Kola Inlet.

## Conclusion

JW 54A was a successful start to the 1943–44 convoy season, with the safe arrival of 19 merchant ships and the war materiel they carried.
# Bhanauta

Bhanauta is a village located in Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh. It is located 9 km (5.6 mi) towards north from District headquarters Chamba, 15 km (9.3 mi) from Chamba, 385.8 km (239.7 mi) from the state capital Shimla and 585.6 km (363.9 mi) from the national capital Delhi.
Bhanauta has about 314 families. The population is 1604 of which 804 are males while 800 are females as per the census of 2011.

## Geography

The population of children with age 0-6 is 205 and makes up 12.78% of total population. Average sex ratio of Bhanauta is 995 which is higher than the Himachal Pradesh state average of 972. Child Sex Ratio for the Bhanauta per the 2011 census is 934, higher than Himachal Pradesh average of 909.

## Demography

Bhanauta has a lower literacy rate compared to Himachal Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate of Bhanauta was 82.77% compared to 82.80% of Himachal Pradesh. In Bhanauta male literacy stands at 91.12% while the female literacy rate was 74.47%.

## Panchayat

Per the constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Bhanauta is administrated by a sarpanch (head of village), who is the elected representative.
Bhanauta's Pin code is 176310 and post office Bhanauta-Salga is situated in Chaned, about 3.2 km away.
# Punchy, Somme

Punchy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Punchy is situated on the D39 road, some 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Amiens, very close to the A1 autoroute.