OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barry Meier

Barry Meier is a writer and former New York Times journalist who wrote the 2003 non-fiction book Pain Killer: A Wonder Drug's Trail of Addiction and Death. His articles "have led to Congressional hearings and changes in federal laws".

## Education

Meier studied at Syracuse University.

### Career

In his career as journalist, Meier has specialized in reporting on business, public policy, and health and safety. He reported for The Wall Street Journal for five years, worked at New York Newsday as a special projects reporter, and reported for The New York Times. According to his The Times profile, his articles published by The Times and elsewhere "have led to Congressional hearings and changes in federal laws."

## Pain Killer book

In 2001, Meier began investigating Purdue Pharma and OxyContin, when it was still a relatively unknown drug made by a relatively unknown family, the Sacklers, including Mortimer Sackler and his brother Raymond Sackler, their children and grandchildren—at that time "one of the wealthiest families in the United States". In an August 24, 2001 Meier recorded an interview with Purdue CEO Michael Friedman and executives Howard Udell and Dr. Paul Goldenheim, who told Meier "they had learned of OxyContin’s growing abuse only in early 2000, a statement they also made before congressional committees". They said the company had undertaken a "massive marketing campaign", based on a "unique claim" for OxyContin, with FDA permission, that, "as a long-acting opioid, it might be less likely to cause abuse and addiction than shorter-acting painkillers like Percocet." In 2001 Meier published Pain Killer: A Wonder Drug's Trail of Addiction and Death. A 2004 New York Times review of the book concluded:
   For years, doctors who prescribed OxyContin were told that the risk of addiction to the painkiller was less than 1 percent. Only after the drug had devastated thousands of lives was it revealed that this figure, touted as scientific fact, was based on a small study that had no relevance for the general public.
The Painkiller, a television miniseries was based on Meyer's book Pain Killer and "The Family That Built an Empire of Pain", a New Yorker article by Patrick Radden Keefe. The series premiered on Netflix on August 10, 2023.

## Spooks (2021)

Meier's 2021 book entitled Spooked: The Trump Dossier, Black Cube, and the Rise of Private Spies focused on the former The Wall Street Journal journalist, Glenn R. Simpson and the company he founded and co-owned—Fusion GPS—the spy they hired—Christopher Steele—and his report—the Steele dossier prior to the 2016 United States presidential election.

## Works

* Meier, Barry (May 3, 2016). Missing Man: The American Spy Who Vanished in Iran. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0374210458.
* Meier, Barry (May 29, 2018). Pain Killer: An Empire of Deceit and the Origin of America's Opioid Epidemic (2nd ed.). Random House. ISBN 978-0525511106.
* Meier, Barry (May 18, 2021). Spooked: The Trump Dossier, Black Cube, and the Rise of Private Spies. Harper. ISBN 978-0062950680.
# Polystictus (fungus)

Polystictus is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. These fungi may be a type of wood-decay fungus, like the Polystictus versicolor. Named Chanakpa in Dakota (from Cha, meaning wood or tree, and nakpa, meaning ears), these fungi were used by the Dakota people in the Missouri River region as food. They harvested them when young and tender. They did not harvest from Ash trees, as they claimed this made the fungi taste more bitter. They were prepared by boiling.
Polystictus versicolor is now known as Coriolus versicolor, and has also been called Trametes versicolor and Polyporus versicolor; and colloquially as the turkey-tail fungus.
# Polystichum whiteleggei

Polystichum whiteleggei is a fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. A former common name was heavy fern, alluding to the weight of one of the large, thick textured, fronds when fully developed. The specific epithet honours Thomas Whitelegge (1850–1927) of the Australian Museum, who collected zoological specimens on Lord Howe Island in 1887, who first noticed the fern's distinctiveness.

## Description

The plant is a terrestrial or lithophytic fern. It has a short creeping rhizome with dense, dark brown, lanceolate scales. Its 3-pinnate fronds combine a 10–50 cm stipe with a lamina 15–50 cm long and 12–40 cm wide.

## Distribution and habitat

The fern is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea; it is locally common to rare on the edges and flanks of the summits of Mounts Lidgbird and Gower.
# Bartov

Bartov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Bartov (1924–2018), Israeli judge
* Hanoch Bartov (1926–2016), Israeli author and journalist
* Omer Bartov (born 1954), Israeli academic, son of Hanoch
# Adrian Durston

Peter Adrian Ronald Durston (born 28 October 1975) is a Welsh International rugby union player.
Durston made his Bridgend RFC debut in 1995. During his time with Bridgend, Durston was capped twice for his country, in both games of the 2001 Welsh tour to Japan. He scored a try in his debut game.
The arrival of Dafydd James and Gareth Thomas led to Durston's decision to leave Bridgend and sign a two-year contract with Neath RFC starting from the 2002/03 season. With the introduction of regional rugby in Wales, Durston moved to the Ospreys regional team from the 2003/04 season. Durston stayed with the Ospreys for two seasons before being released in Summer 2005. He signed a one-year deal with Viadana. Spells with lower league French sides Oyonnax and C S Beaune followed.
# Bumetopia bilinea

Bumetopia bilinea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1842. It is known from the Philippines.
# Allin Vlasenko

Allin Vlasenko (30 June 1938 – 23 November 2021) was a Ukrainian conductor.
# Alois Hans Schram

Alois Hans Schram (20 August 1864, Vienna – 8 April 1919, Vienna) was an Austrian portrait, history and decorative painter. Much of his work is in the Art Nouveau style, although many later works may be classified as Neo-Baroque.

## Biography

Alois Schram's father was a councilor for the postal service. From 1879 to 1888, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna. His primary instructors there were Carl Wurzinger, Hans Makart and Josef Matyáš Trenkwald.
Schram was awarded the Goldene Füger-Medaille [de] for Composition (1881), and the Spezialschulpreis (1887, for a scene from the life of Bianca Cappello, now at the Denver Art Museum). After graduating, he was granted the Staatspreisstipendium (1890/1891), a scholarship that enabled him to continue his studies in Rome.
When Schram returned, he worked as a portrait and decorative painter in Vienna. During the 1890s, he visited several other European and Middle Eastern countries.
From 1909 to 1911, Schram created allegorical friezes in the Austrian Parliament Building. In 1915, he did a series of ceiling paintings in the ballroom of the Hofburg. Outside of Vienna, he worked at the Palazzo Vivante in Trieste and the judicial building in Salzburg.
For much of his career, Schram was a member of the Gesellschaft bildender Künstler Österreichs [de] (Künstlerhaus). The proceeds from the sale of his estate were given entirely to them, as per his will, to create a fund for the promotion of aspiring artists.
Schram was interred at the Zentralfriedhof.
# Pope Macarius II of Alexandria

Pope Macarius II of Alexandria, the 69th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Coptic Church on 4 Thout.

## Life

Pope Macarius II was pious and ascetic since his young age, and longed for the monastic life. He went to the desert of Scetes and became a monk in the Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great. He devoted himself to worship and spiritual struggle. He instructed himself by reading the Holy Scriptures, their interpretation and by contemplating on its meaning. He grew in virtues and was ordained a priest.
When Pope Michael IV, the sixty-eighth pope, departed and the papal throne became vacant, a group of bishops and priests went to the wilderness of Scetes. They assembled in the church with the elders of Scetes. They remained there for many days, searching and scouting for who would be best for this position. Finally they unanimously agreed to choose this father for what was known of his good character and excellent attributes. They took him and bound him against his will, and he cried out and begged them with excuses to release him saying, "I am not fit to be raised to the dignity of the Papacy." They brought him bound to the city of Alexandria and ordained him Patriarch. The deed of his appointment was read in The Church of the Holy Virgin in the Greek], Coptic, and Arabic languages.
During his papacy, he added to his worship and piety. He taught and preached the people daily. He gave alms and did works of mercy to the poor and needy. During his papacy he never asked for any of the Church's money, but rather, he used to give a large portion of the contributions which he received to be spent on different righteous deeds. He completed 27 years in the papacy and departed in peace.
# AdipoRon

AdipoRon is a selective, orally active, synthetic small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) (K$_d$ = 1.8 μM and 3.1 μM, respectively). It activates AMPK and PPARα signaling and ameliorates insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in db/db mice (an animal model for type II diabetes and obesity). Moreover, AdipoRon has been found to extend the lifespans of db/db mice fed a high-fat diet, as well as improve exercise endurance. The compound was discovered by Japanese researchers in 2013 via screening of a compound library, and is the first orally active, small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors to be identified.
Adiponectin receptor agonists such as AdipoRon have attracted interest as potential therapies for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a panoply of other conditions. In addition, adiponectin has recently been elucidated to mediate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neurogenic effects of physical exercise. Dysregulation of adiponectin expression has also been implicated in the pathology of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and various other neuropsychiatric disorders. Also, it has been determined that exercise improves insulin resistance via activation of AdipoR1. As such, adiponectin receptor agonists are a highly interesting therapeutic target for a variety of different conditions. Moreover, it has been suggested they could potentially be used as a substitute for exercise to achieve similar physical and mental health benefits. In 2016, the University of Tokyo announced that it would launch an investigation into claims of fabrication of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and AdipoRon identification data, as accused by an anonymous person/group called Ordinary_researchers.
# Bull (armored personnel carrier)

The Bull is an armored personnel carrier with a v-shaped hull designed in a combined effort between Ceradyne, Ideal Innovations Inc. (I-3), and Oshkosh Corporation in response to the MRAP II competition. "The Bull" is a trade-mark of Ideal Innovations, Inc. (I-3).
The MRAP II competition was announced in 2007 when it became clear that explosively formed penetrator (EFP) type of roadside bomb attacks were increasing in Iraq and the current generation MRAP vehicles could not stop all of them without add-on armor kits. In 2005 Ideal Innovations' President, Robert Kocher, had worked with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory to find an EFP solution, patented it, and then found Ceradyne as a partner in 2006 to produce an armored cab out of it. The U.S. Army's Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center at the Rock Island Arsenal provides the EFP-stopping outer layers of the armor. Kocher had previously been involved in the 1991-93 development of the up-armored Humvee and was part of the team that developed the boron carbide armor now used in Interceptor body armor vests that Ceradyne produces.
In 2007 Oshkosh was selected to provide its Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) chassis, with their TAK-4 independent suspension system and Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) computer hardware, for the vehicles I3 and Ceradyne intended to enter in the MRAP II competition. Two prototypes were made within 50 days. Team Bull members at Ceradyne, together with almost three dozen employees from I3 and Oshkosh, immediately began working round-the-clock shifts. Engineers rarely left the site, with team members instead grabbing a couple of hours of sleep outside in their cars for refreshment. A six-person version and a ten-person version were delivered to the Aberdeen Proving Grounds for testing.
The EFP simulations were so successful that the military quickly adapted the armor into the Frag kit 6 armor upgrade kits for the Humvee and other MRAP vehicles. Senators Carl Levin (D-Mich) and Joseph Biden (D-Del) took up Bull’s cause. Levin wrote a letter to Defense Secretary Gates promoting the vehicle and Biden asked, during a Senate Foreign Relations Committee event, why the military hadn’t ordered the vehicle. After testing the initial two prototypes, the military awarded the partnership a $18.1 million contract to produce six more Bull vehicles of the six person variant by the first quarter of 2008 for further evaluation. While eight vehicles entered the MRAP II competition, The Bull was one of only two vehicles to receive a contract from it. The other was an uparmored BAE Caiman.
It has been reported that the complete vehicle weighs around 40,000 lbs and costs about $500,000 (three times more than a Humvee). The Bull prototypes had two side hatches at the front (meeting MRAP II specs), used mainly for emergency exits. This design gave more side protection than larger traditional doors. The Bull had no gun ports, but these could be added in the final production model.
# Bull (disambiguation)

Bull usually refers to an uncastrated adult male bovine.
Bull may also refer to:

## Common meanings

* The adult male of many other species—see List of animal names
* Papal bull, a decree issued by the Pope
* "Bull", euphemistic shortening of the expletive "bullshit"

## Arts and entertainment

* Bull (1965 film), a Bulgarian film
* Bull (2019 film), an American film
* Bull (2021 film), a British crime film
* Bull Hurley, a character in the Over the Top 1987 action drama film
* Bull (2000 TV series), a short-lived drama series on the TNT Network
* Bull (2015 TV series), a British comedy series on Gold
* Bull (2016 TV series), an American drama series on CBS
* "Bull" (CSI), a 2008 episode of television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
* Bull Shannon, bailiff in the Night Court TV sitcom
* Bull, a 2013 play by Mike Bartlett
* Bull, a dog in Japanese comic Lassie
* Bald Bull, an opponent in the video game Punch-Out!! Series
* Bull (album), a 1992 album by Bootsauce
* "Bulls", a 2016 song by the Cat Empire from Rising with the Sun

## Military

* USS Bull, two U.S. Navy ships
* Bull, NATO reporting name of the Tupolev Tu-4, a Soviet bomber aircraft
* Bull (armored personnel carrier)

## Names

* Bull (nickname), including list of persons with the nickname or stage name
* Bull (surname), including list of persons with the surname
* Bull., standard author abbreviation of Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard (c. 1742–1793), French physician and botanist

## Places

* Bull River (disambiguation)
* Bull Arm, Newfoundland, Canada, an arm or bay
* Bull Hill, a mountain in Putnam County, New York
* Bull Island, Dublin Bay, Ireland
* Bull Point, Falkland Islands
* Bull Point Lighthouse, Devon, UK
* Fort Bull, a fort in British North America during the French and Indian War

## Other uses

* Groupe Bull, a French computer company
* Bull (stock market speculator)
* Bull baronets, an extant title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
* Bullet (typography), the &bull; HTML entity
* Bull boat, a boat made by Native Americans and frontiersmen from the hide of a bull
* Red Bull, an energy drink brand
# Pope Cosmas I of Alexandria

Pope Cosmas I of Alexandria (Coptic Ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲁⲥ), 44th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.
Pope Cosmas I was from the town of Abu-Sair. He later became a monk in the Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great. He was ordained Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark, against his will, on 30 Paremhat, 445 A.M. (26 March 729)
He prayed to God to let him die and his prayers were answered when departed on 3 Paoni, 446 A.M. (28 May 730), after one year, two months and two days of his enthronement.
# Burg Mannsberg

Burg Mannsberg is a castle in Carinthia, Austria.
# Burg Ottenstein

Burg Ottenstein is a castle in Lower Austria, Austria. Burg Ottenstein is 503 metres (1,650 ft) above sea level.
# Aegomorphus brunnescens

Aegomorphus brunnescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1963.
# Altınekin

Altınekin is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,312 km$^2$, and its population is 14,289 (2022).

## Composition

There are 19 neighbourhoods in Altınekin District:
* Akçaşar
* Akıncılar
* Akköy
* Ayışığı
* Borukkuyu
* Dedeler
* Hacınuman
* Kale
* Karakaya
* Koçaş
* Koçyaka
* Mantar
* Oğuzeli
* Ölmez
* Sarnıçköy
* Topraklık
* Yenice
* Yenikuyu
* Yeniyayla
# Altınemek, Hanak

Altınemek is a village in the Hanak District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 44 (2021).
# Barrow for Tarvin railway station

Barrow for Tarvin railway station was in Barrow, Cheshire, England. The station was opened by the Cheshire Lines Committee on 1 May 1875 as Tarvin & Barrow, but renamed in 1883 to better reflect its location (the village of Tarvin being more than 2 miles (3.2 km) away). A goods shed and sidings were provided to the west of the passenger depot, which was provided with standard CLC main buildings on the Manchester-bound side and a brick shelter on the Chester-bound platform. The sidings were worked from a signal box on the up (northbound) platform.
By 1895, seven southbound (Down) and six northbound (up) trains called here each weekday, with one additional call each way on a Saturday and three each way on Sundays. This service pattern remained broadly unchanged after the 1923 Grouping, but had improved to nine up and eleven down trains by 1949.
However, it was subsequently closed by the British Transport Commission on 1 June 1953, due to low usage. Goods traffic ceased at the same time, with the signal box being closed the following year and the remaining facilities removed by 1958. The line through the station site was subsequently reduced to single track in September 1969, prior to the closure of the former CLC Chester Northgate terminus and the diversion of traffic to Chester (General) the following month.
The station building here still survives (though derelict) and is visible from passing trains, having been sold for use as private residence.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Mickle Trafford East Line open, station closed | Cheshire Lines Committee Mid-Cheshire line | Mouldsworth Line and station open |
# Congis-sur-Thérouanne

Congis-sur-Thérouanne (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

The inhabitants are called Congissois.

## Schools

The communal preschool and elementary school is the École "Casse-Noisettes". Junior high school students attend Collège Camille-Saint-Saëns in Lizy-sur-Ourcq and Collège du Champivert in Crouy-sur-Ourcq. There is one senior high school/sixth-form college in the commune, Lycée du Gué-à-Tresmes.

## People linked to the commune

* Pierre Baillet, (born Paris c.1447; died Auxerre before 1513), lord of Villers-lès-Rigault, a former commune merged with Congis-sur-Thérouanne in 1807. He is interred in the Saint-Alexandre chapel, behind the choir, with his brother, Jean III Baillet, Bishop of Auxerre.
* Henri Hérouin, (1876-?), Olympic champion archer at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris.
# Bandolero racing

Bandolero car racing is a type of entry-level racing in the United States and Canada. Many bandolero car drivers move into Legends racing. Cars can reach in excess of 70 mph, but do not accelerate very quickly. The most wins in Bandolero race cars used to be held by Joey Logano but was broken in 2016 by Clay Thompson. The cars are built like miniature stock cars, with a tube frame and sheet metal cage. Drivers enter through the roof of the vehicle. Most drivers range from 8 to 14 years old, but older drivers can also race. The cars race on 1/4 mile, 3/8 mile and 4/10 mile ovals and also road courses and dirt tracks.

## History

Bandolero cars were introduced by US Legends Cars (formerly 600 Racing, Inc.), the makers of legends cars, in 1997 to be a series of entry-level cars. The Bandolero car is a turnkey, spec-series racer designed for drivers as young as eight years old. The term bandolero is Spanish for 'bandit', 'outlaw', or 'thief'.
"We wanted something to go between a kart and a car and wanted to make it relatively simple for everybody to use," said US Legends Cars founder H.A. "Humpy" Wheeler. "For example, like a kart, the Bandolero Car has left-foot braking and a centrifugal clutch so there's no shifting of gears for a new driver to worry about. Simplicity and economy of design are evident everywhere, with 150 parts making up the entire package–just half of what goes into making a Legends Car."
The Bandolero car engine is a Briggs & Stratton 570 cc Vanguard mounted behind the driver. Small modifications have been made to the engine to bring a 20 horsepower stock engine up to nearly 30 horsepower.

## Specifications

* wheelbase: 70"
* overall width: 47 in
* overall length: 10 ft 9 in
* height: 34 in
* engine: Briggs & Stratton Vanguard (sealed)
* displacement: 570 cc
* horsepower: comes with 30 horsepower
* weight: 750 pounds
* tires: 7 X 12 in BF Goodrich tires spec racing
* wheels: 6 in spec racing wheel
* suspension: coil over shocks
* frame: full tubeframe with rollcage

## Alumni

Racers who have raced bandoleros include NASCAR racers Ryan Blaney, Bubba Wallace, Chris Buescher, Derek Kraus, Joey Logano, Brennan Poole, David Ragan, and Reed Sorenson. Chandler Smith was the 2013 national champion (United States).
# Hot 25 Countdown

The Hot 25 Countdown was a weekly Australian Christian music radio program.
The show was produced in Brisbane, Queensland and was hosted by 96five Family FM breakfast announcer, Steve Lanzon.
The Hot 25 Countdown commenced in 1990 and was heard on numerous radio stations in over 600 towns and cities across the country, including in all Australian capital cities. After 27 years, the Hot 25 Countdown was ended in 2017/18, when Steve Lanzon went to co-host Ken, Nicky and Steve.
Capital city stations that broadcast the program include Sydney's Hope 103.2, Melbourne's Light FM, Adelaide's Life FM, Perth's Sonshine FM, Hobart's Ultra106five, Darwin's 97 Seven, Canberra's 1WAY FM and Brisbane's 96five Family FM.
The Vision Radio Network and the commercial Flow FM network also broadcast the program.
The Hot 25 Countdown was also heard in the United States of America on Life985 in New Jersey.
The show features the 25 most popular songs on the Australian Christian music chart, counted down from 25 to 1. Additionally, the show includes interviews and discussions about Christian bands and the music they release.