OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tangent (disambiguation)

A tangent, in geometry, is a straight line through a point on a curve that has the same direction at that point as the curve.
Tangent may also refer to:

## Mathematics

* Analogous concepts for surfaces and higher-dimensional smooth manifolds, such as the tangent space
** More generally, in geometry, two curves are said to be tangent when they intersect at a given point and have the same direction at that point; see for instance tangent circles
** Bitangent, a line that is tangent to two different curves, or tangent twice to the same curve
* The tangent function, one of the six basic trigonometric functions

## Music

* Tangent (clavichord), a part of the action of the clavichord that both initiates and sustains a tone, and helps determine pitch
* Tangent (tangent piano), a part of the action of the tangent piano that only initiates the sound by striking the string(s) and rebounding immediately in the manner of a piano
* The Tangent, an international progressive rock supergroup
* Tangents: The Tea Party Collection, a compilation album from The Tea Party released in 2000.
* Tangents: 1973–1983, a compilation box set from Tangerine Dream released in 1994.
* Tangents (band), an Australian musical group

## Entertainment

* Tangent Comics, a short-lived imprint of DC Comics
* "The Tangent Universe", the alternate universe in time travel in the cult film Donnie Darko
* Tangent (Stargate SG-1), an episode of the television series Stargate SG-1
* Tangents (film) or Time Chasers, a 1994 science fiction film
* Tangents (collection), a collection of science fiction stories by Greg Bear

## Geography

* Tangent, Alberta, a hamlet in Alberta, Canada
* Tangent, Oregon, a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States
* The Tangent Line, part of the Mason-Dixon line between Delaware and Maryland, United States
* Tangente River, a tributary of the Wawagosic River, in Quebec, Canada

## Other uses

* Tangent (club), an international social networking group for women over 45
* Track transition curve, a straight section of road or track in highway and railroad design
# Kjell Ernst Viktor Ander

Kjell Ernst Viktor Ander (born 1902 - died 1992) was a Swedish entomologist. Ander was admitted as Doctor of Philosophy at Lund University in 1939. Ander worked as a docent at Lund University from 1937 to 1951.
In 1938 Ander described the New Zealand genus Hemiandrus(Orthoptera; Anostostomatidae) and made considerable progress sorting the genera from Australia, Africa and America within the family Anostostomatidae.
# Dugan of the Badlands

Dugan of the Badlands is a 1931 American Western film written and directed by Robert North Bradbury. The film stars Bill Cody and Andy Shuford. It was released on June 24, 1931, by Monogram Pictures.

## Plot

Bill Dugan takes charge of a boy after his father (who was Dugan's friend) dies. They become involved with solving the murder of a sheriff, eventually revealing his deputy as the murderer.

## Cast

* Bill Cody as Bill Dugan
* Andy Shuford as Andy
* Blanche Mehaffey as June Manning
* Ethan Laidlaw as Dan Kirk
* Julian Rivero as Pedro
* Earl Dwire as Lang
* John Elliott as Sheriff Manning
# Thelymitra × truncata

Thelymitra × truncata, commonly called the truncate sun orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has a single tapering, more or less flat leaf with a reddish base and up to six blue, pink or white flowers with a tube-shaped lobe on top of the anther. It is a natural hybrid between a range of species, including T. pauciflora and T. ixioides.

## Description

Thelymitra × truncata is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single more or less flat or channelled, tapering linear to lance-shaped leaf 80–300 mm (3–10 in) long and 2–8 mm (0.08–0.3 in) wide with a reddish base. Up to six or more pale to deep blue, pinkish or sometimes white flowers 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) wide are arranged on a flowering stem 70–550 mm (3–20 in) tall. There are one or two bracts along the flowering stem. The sepals and petals are 6–18 mm (0.2–0.7 in) long. The column is a similar colour to the petals and 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long. The lobe on top of the anther is tube-shaped with a dark collar and a yellow tip. The side lobes have mop-like tufts of white hairs on their ends. Flowering occurs from October to December. The plants are variable, due to crossing between a range of species to produce this hybrid.

## Taxonomy and naming

Thelymitra × truncata was first formally described in 1917 by Richard Sanders Rogers from a specimen collected near Myponga and the description was published in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia. The specific epithet (x truncata) is a Latin word meaning "to maim or shorten by cutting off", referring to the shaped of the middle lobe on top of the column.

## Distribution and habitat

The truncate sun orchid is widespread but uncommon, growing in heath, woodland and open forest. It occurs in southern New South Wales, most of Victoria, south-eastern South Australia and in Tasmania.
# Edmond Perrier

Jean Octave Edmond Perrier (9 May 1844 – 31 July 1921) was a French zoologist born in Tulle. He is known for his studies of invertebrates (annelids and echinoderms). He was the brother of zoologist Rémy Perrier (1861–1936).

## Career

On advice from Louis Pasteur, he studied sciences at the École Normale Supérieure, where he took classes in zoology from Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821–1901). Afterwards he was a schoolteacher for three years at the college in Agen. In 1869 he obtained his doctorate in natural sciences, later replacing Lacaze-Duthiers at the École normale supérieure (1872).
In 1876 he attained the chair of Natural History (mollusks, worms and zoophytes) at the National Museum of Natural History, and in 1879 became chairman of the Société zoologique de France. In the early 1880s he participated in a series of sea expeditions, during which, he performed investigations of marine life located within the benthic zone, subsequently gaining international recognition as a specialist of marine fauna.
In 1892 he became a member of the Académie des sciences, and even though he was not a doctor of medicine, he became a member of the Académie nationale de médecine (1898). From 1900 to 1919 he was director of the museum of natural history, where during the same time period (1903), he succeeded Henri Filhol (1843–1902) as chair of comparative anatomy.
Perrier was deeply interested in the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. In 1909 he was speaker at the inauguration of Lamarck's monument at the National Museum of Natural History. He believed Lamarck to be the true founder in regards to the theory of evolution.

## Selected writings

* Etudes sur l'organisation des Lombriciens terrestres, 1874 – Studies on the organization of terrestrial earthworms.
* La Philosophie zoologique avant Darwin, 1884 – Zoological philosophy prior to Darwin
* Les Coralliaires et les îles Madréporiques..., 1887 – The Coralline islands and Madreporaria.
* Lamarck et le transformisme actuel, 1893.
* Expéditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883 (1902) – Scientific expeditions of the Travailleur and the Talisman.
* La Femme dans la nature, dans les moeurs dans la légende, dans la société, 1910.
* La Terre avant l'Histoire. Les Origines de la Vie et de l'Homme, 1920.

## Founder of the Friends of the Natural History Museum

Perrier is the main founder of the Friends of the Natural History Museum Paris society, with Léon Bourgeois as the first president in office from 1907 to 1922.
# Dollmania

Dollmania is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by Tams in 1930.

## Species

* Dollmania cuprea Distant, 1897
* Dollmania flavia Fawcett, 1915
* Dollmania marwitzi Strand, 1913
* Dollmania plinthochroa Tams, 1930
* Dollmania purpurascens Aurivillius, 1908
* Dollmania reussi Strand, 1913
# Benguela long-billed lark

The Benguela long-billed lark (Certhilauda benguelensis), also known as the Benguela lark or Benguela longbill is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in south-western Africa. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Benguela long-billed lark was originally placed in the genus Alaemon. Confusingly, the terms Damara longbill and Damaraland long-billed lark are used for both the Karoo long-billed lark and a subspecies of the Benguela long-billed lark. Clements lumps this bird with the Karoo long-billed lark.

### Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized:
* C. b. benguelensis - (Sharpe, 1904): Found in south-western Angola and north-western Namibia
* Damara longbill or Damaraland long-billed lark (C. b. kaokoensis) - Bradfield, 1944: Found in north-western and west-central Namibia
# David Spencer (cyclist)

David Spencer (born 3 December 1964) is a British former cyclist. He competed in the team time trial at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Ullikummi

In Hurrian mythology, Ullikummi is a giant stone monster, son of Kumarbi and the sea god's daughter, Sertapsuruhi, or a female cliff. The language of the literary myth in its existing redaction is Hittite, in cuneiform texts recovered at Bogaskoy, where some Hurrian fragments of the "Song of Ullikummi" have been found. See Guterbock (1951).
The "song of Ullikummi" was recognized from its first rediscovery as a predecessor of Greek myths in Hesiod. Parallels to the Greek myth of Typhon, the ancient antagonist of the thunder-god Zeus, have been elucidated by Burkert.

## The story of Ullikummi

The narrative of Ullikummi is one episode, the best preserved and most complete, in an epic cycle of related "songs" about the god Kumarbi, who aimed to replace the weather god Teshub and destroy the city of Kummiya; to this end Kumarbi fathered upon a rock cliff a genderless, deaf, blind, yet sentient volcanic rock monster, Ullikummi, which he hid in the netherworld and placed on the shoulder of Upelluri. Upelluri, absorbed in his meditations, did not feel Ullikummi on his shoulder.
Ullikummi grew quickly until he reached the heavens. Ullikummi's brother Teshub thundered and rained on Ullikummi, but it did not harm him. Teshub fled and abdicated the throne. Teshub asked Ea for help. Ea visited Upelluri and cut off the feet of Ullikummi, toppling him
# Awa Whigs Awa

"Awa Whigs Awa" is a Scottish song whose theme is the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745. Written well after the events it commemorates, it is not a genuine Jacobite song, as is the case with many others now considered in the "classic canon of Jacobite songs," most of which were songs "composed in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but were passed off as contemporary products of the Jacobite risings." A version was published in 1789 by Robert Burns.
# Dugan of the Dugouts

Dugan of the Dugouts is a 1928 American silent comedy film directed by Bobby Ray and starring Pauline Garon, Danny O'Shea and Ernest Hilliard. It was one of two films directed by Ray, a former silent-era film comedian, who later worked as an assistant director.

## Synopsis

Because his girlfriend likes the look of a uniform, a young man enlists in the army. They both then get caught up in a foreign spy ring.

## Cast

* Pauline Garon as Betty
* Danny O'Shea as Danny Dugan
* Ernest Hilliard as Sgt. Davis
* J.P. McGowan as Capt. von Brinken
* Sid Smith as Danny's Buddy
* Alice Knowland
# Thelyoxynops

Thelyoxynops is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Thelyoxynops antennalis (Thompson, 1968)
* Thelyoxynops nitens (Townsend, 1927)
* Thelyoxynops orbitalis Townsend, 1927
# Corinth, Southampton County, Virginia

Corinth is an unincorporated community in Southampton County, Virginia, United States. Corinth is 10.45 miles (16.82 km) northeast of Courtland.
# Donald Mackintosh (bishop)

Donald Mackintosh (10 October 1876 – 8 December 1943) was a Scottish clergyman who served as the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow from 1922 to 1943.

## Life

Donald Mackintosh was born on 10 October 1876 at Glasnacardoch, Inverness. Until he went to school his only language was Gaelic. He studied for the priesthood at Blairs College near Aberdeen and the Paris lower seminary, followed by Scots College in Rome and the Pontifical Gregorian University.
He was ordained priest on 1 November 1900. Soon afterwards he appointed Vice-Rector of the Scots College. In 1907, he was made a privy Chamberlain. Mackintosh became rector of the College in 1913, and was made a Domestic Prelate the following year.
Mackintosh was appointed Archbishop of the Metropolitan see of Glasgow on 24 February 1922 and consecrated to the Episcopate on 21 May 1922. His principal consecrator was Cardinal Gaetano de Lai, Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation, and the principal co-consecrators were Henry Gray Graham, Auxiliary Bishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh and Donald Martin, Bishop of Argyll and The Isles.
According to Thomas Gerard Gallagher, by 1940, "Archbishop Mackintosh was a chronic invalid who was unable to get around his archdiocese or properly supervise its activities." He died in office on 8 December 1943, aged 67. He had been a priest for 43 years and a bishop for 21 years. He was the principal consecrator of Andrew Thomas McDonald, Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh.
# Benguelasa minor

Benguelasa minor is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Oleksiy V. Bidzilya and Wolfram Mey in 2011. It is found in Namibia.
# Daws-Keys House

The Daws-Keys House in Aztec, New Mexico was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
It is a hipped roof cottage, deemed notable as an intact "fine reminder" of its type from before the railroad reached the town.
# Unborn child (disambiguation)

Unborn child may refer to:
* A human in any stage of prenatal development from fertilization to birth
* Unborn Child, an album by Seals and Crofts
* Unborn Child, a track on the album Acoustic - Lullabies Limited Edition by Lucien Nocelli
# Eddy Giles

Elbert Giles (March 17, 1938 – February 5, 2019), professionally known as Eddy Giles (sometimes also billed as Eddie Giles or Eddy "G" Giles), was an American R&B, blues and gospel singer-songwriter and musician, perhaps best known for his 1966 song, "Losin' Boy". Despite never achieving a mainstream success, he was a significant contributor to Southern soul, the genre made famous by artists such as Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, Eddie Floyd, O. V. Wright, Otis Redding, and Sir Charles Jones.
Giles was born in Frierson, Louisiana, in 1938, and was raised by his grandmother, Mary Wiggins, on a farm. While still in his senior year, he relocated to live with his mother in Shreveport, Louisiana, and graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1958. Giles was a self-taught musician, and he learned to play guitar. In a 2015 interview with The Shreveport Times, he said his music influences were Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry.
The song "Losin' Boy", written by Giles, was issued as a single in 1966, with "I Got The Blues" on the B-side. The single, released on the Shreveport-based Murco Records, did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 27 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart the following year. The single did not make it into the U.S. Billboard R&B chart. Despite its poor chart performance, it sold 2,000 units in Shreveport, 10,000 in Dallas, and 70,000 in Chicago. He and his band, called Eddie Giles and the Jive Five, toured the country extensively, performed with Ike and Tina Turner. In Chicago, their concerts were opened by young Jimi Hendrix.
Giles kept on writing songs and releasing new singles. His next singles, "While I'm Away" b/w "Eddy's Go-Go Train", "Happy Man" b/w "Music", "Soul Feeling Part 1" b/w "Soul Feeling Part 2", and "Love With A Feeling" b/w "Baby, Be Mine", all written by Giles and released through Murco label, did not chart.
After his career in music, he graduated from the United Theological Seminary and Bible College in Monroe, Louisiana, in 1996. In 2002, he was awarded the Doctor of Ministry degree from Inter-Baptist Theological Seminary. He became a deacon, and then was a pastor at Salem Missionary Baptist Church for over 25 years.
For 40 years, he was a DJ at a Shreveport radio station KOKA. He was a gospel announcer, program director and music director at the station.
Giles died on February 5, 2019, at the age of 80.

## Selected discography
### Albums

* Southern Soul Brother (2014)

### Singles

* "Losin' Boy" / "I Got The Blues" (1966)
* "While I'm Away" / "Eddy's Go-Go Train" (1967) (credited to Eddy "G" Giles* and The Jive 5)
* "Happy Man" / "Music" (1967) (credited to Eddy "G" Giles)
* "Soul Feeling Part 1" / "Soul Feeling Part 2" (1969) (credited to Eddy "G" Giles)
* "Love With A Feeling' / Baby, Be Mine" (1969) (credited to Eddy "G" Giles)
* "Losing Boy" / "It Takes Me All Night" (1971) (credited to Eddie Giles)
# Chimney Peak

Chimney Peak may refer to:
* Chimney Peak (Canada), Alberta/British Columbia
* Chimney Peak (Washington), Jefferson County
# Pēteris

Pēteris is a Latvian language masculine given name. It is a cognate of the name Peter and may refer to:
* Pēteris Dzelzītis (1921–1948), Latvian soldier and partisan
* Pēteris Juraševskis (1872–1945), Latvian politician and former Prime Minister of Latvia
* Pēteris Kalniņš (born 1988), Latvian luger and Olympic competitor
* Pēteris Lauks (1902–1984), Latvian football defender
* Pēteris Pētersons (1923–1998), Latvian playwright, theatre director and drama critic, theorist, translator, journalist and social activist
* Pēteris Plakidis (1947–2017), Latvian composer and pianist
* Pēteris Skudra (born 1973), Latvian professional ice hockey goaltender
* Pēteris Stučka (1865–1932), Latvian politician, writer, translator, editor, jurist and president of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
* Pēteris Vasks (born 1946), Latvian composer
* Pēteris Zeltiņš (1914–1994), Latvian racewalker and Olympic competitor
# Duncan McColl

Duncan McColl (born c. 1955) is a Presbyterian Church USA pastor and former professional football player who played for the Washington Redskins.
McColl was selected by the Redskins as their first pick in the 1977 draft, moved to the reserve list in September 1977, and waived in August 1978.
McColl played college football for Stanford University, following in the footsteps of his father, Dr. William Frazer McColl Jr. (1930–2023); they are "the only father-son All-American football combination in Stanford history". His brother Milt McColl also played, as did nephew Daniel McColl. His daughter Meredith and son Will both played water polo at Stanford.
Having studied Business Management at UCLA, he and his wife Emily, both enrolled at Princeton Theological Seminary following the death of an infant son. Both graduated and were ordained on June 30, 1996 and both have served congregations in the San Diego Presbytery. As of August 2018, he is the pastor at Mira Mesa Presbyterian Church in San Diego. McColl spent a couple of years of his childhood with his family in Korea, as his father served with the UPCUSA as a Medical Missionary, an orthopedic surgeon at a Leprosy Hospital, following his NFL Career.
# Deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist

Deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA) is an autosomal recessive, genetic autoinflammatory syndrome resulting from mutations in IL1RN, the gene encoding the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.

## Symptoms and signs

DIRA displays a constellation of serious symptoms which include respiratory distress, as well as the following:
* Joint swelling
* Hepatomegaly
* Osteomyelitis
* Fused cervical vertebrae
* Interstitial pulmonary abnormality
* Stomatitis
* Mouth ulcers
* Pustulosis or pustular psoriasis
* Cerebral vasculitis

## Cause

Those affected with DIRA have inherited (via autosomal recessive manner) mutations in IL1RN, a gene that encodes a protein known as interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, The cytogenetic location of IL1RN is 2q14.1, while its 2:113,099,364-113,134,015 are the genomic coordinates.

## Mechanism

The mechanism of deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist affects the normal function of IL1RN gene. The protein produced by IL1RN gene prevents the normal activities of interleukin 1(alpha) and interleukin 1(beta). Therefore, the pathophysiologic immune and inflammatory responses are nullified. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) has a total of five alleles, of those the (IL1RN*1) and (IL1RN*2) are the most common as the other alleles are seen less than 5 percent.
IL-1RN binds to the same cell receptors as the inflammatory protein IL-1, and blocks its inflammatory actions. Without IL-1Ra, the body cannot control systemic inflammation that can be caused by IL-1.

## Diagnosis

Those affected with deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist can have diagnosis achieved via noting an increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as well as the following:
* Genetic test
* Radiological findings
* Clinical findings

## Treatment

In terms of treatment a 2013 review indicates that colchicine can be used for DIRA. Additionally there are several other management options such as anakinra, which blocks naturally occurring IL-1.
# Cornus × arnoldiana

Cornus × arnoldiana, the Arnold dogwood, is a hybrid dogwood native to eastern North America. It is reported from Ontario, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. It is a member of the dogwood genus Cornus and the family Cornaceae.
Arnold dogwood is derived from natural crosses between silky dogwood (Cornus amomum) and gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa). Intermediate shrubs were first noted in the Arnold Arboretum by Alfred Rehder, who described and named the hybrid. The name is an allusion to the place of its discovery.

## Classification

The Arnold dogwood is usually included in the dogwood genus Cornus as Cornus × arnoldiana Rehd., although it is sometimes segregated in a separate genus as Swida × arnoldiana (Rehd.) Soják.