OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arianna (Goehr)

Arianna is an opera in eight scenes by the English composer Alexander Goehr, premiered at the Royal Opera House in London in 1995. It is set to the libretto (in Italian), by Ottavio Rinuccini that was used by Claudio Monteverdi in his 1608 lost opera, L'Arianna. The opera is Goehr's Op. 58.

## Background

Although Rinuccini's libretto survives, the greater part of Monteverdi's music for the opera, originally performed in Mantua in 1608, has been lost. All that remains is Arianna's lament, a solo aria which Monteverdi published separately in 1623. Goehr sets most (but not all) of the original libretto, (which is based on the classical story of Ariadne and Theseus from Ovid's Heroides), preserving the lament but interspersing it with choral episodes. The orchestration is contemporary, including contrabassoon, saxophone, Akai sampler and electric guitar, as is the harmonic language.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast 15 September 1995 (Conductor: Ivor Bolton) (Director: Francesca Zambello) |
| Arianna | mezzo-soprano | Susan Graham |
| Amore | soprano | Anna Maria Panzarella |
| Venere/Dorilla | contralto | Sheila Nadler |
| Teseo | tenor | J. Patrick Raftery |
| Bacco | countertenor | Axel Köhler |
| Giove | bass | Gidon Saks |
| Consigliero | baritone | David Wilson-Johnson |
| Soldato Primo/Pescatore | tenor | Timothy Robinson |
| Soldato Secondo/Pescatore | tenor | Christopher Ventris |

## Reception

The composer wrote in the programme notes of the premiere 'It was surely an act of faith - if not of folly - for me to choose Rinuccini's old Arianna libretto, when I could barely make out the meaning of the words. Yet I knew it was right for me[...]'. Critics tended to agree more with the first part of this statement. The review in the Musical Times for example commented '[the] setting imitates Monteverdi, but feels unnatural. [...] The opera reached its nadir in Goehr's setting of the great surviving fragment itself [..] the harmonic implications of Goehr's bass-line distortions destroyed the dramatic build-up' Meanwhile, Opera News called it a "waste of mezzo Susan Graham's talent in the title role" and "perfunctory."
A recording of the opera, with Ruby Philogene in the title role, was issued in 1998.

## Sources

* Alvarez, Geoffrey, Review: Alexander Goehr: Arianna (recording), Tempo, no. 208 (April 1999), p 52, Cambridge University Press.
* Sutcliffe, Tom, When the lights are low (review of London premiere), The Musical Times, vol 136 no, 1833. (November 1995) pp. 610–611.
* Sutcliffe, Tom, "British Journal" (review of the London premiere), Opera News, vol 60 no, 8. (January 1996)
# Dawud

Dawud may refer to:
* David in Islam
* Dawud (name)
* Dawud of Kanem, half-brother of the 14th-century Kanem emperor Idris I of Kanem
* An-Nasir Dawud, Kurdish ruler
* Askia Dawud, ruler of the Songhai Empire
* Mohammad Al-Dawud, Jordanian football player
# Dawud M. Mu'Min

Dawud Majid Mu'Min (born as David Michael Allen) (May 19, 1953 – November 13, 1997) was a convicted murderer executed by the State of Virginia for the September 22, 1988, killing of a retailer. In 1988, while serving a 48-year sentence for a previous murder, Mu'Min raped, robbed, and murdered a woman while in a prison work crew. He was sentenced to death for this murder and executed in 1997.

## Early life

Allen was born in New York City. As a teenager, he played basketball at Oak Hill Academy in Virginia.

## 1973 murder

On February 27, 1973, Allen, then 19, fatally shot 43-year-old Charles Shupe, a taxi driver, in Grayson County, Virginia. He was convicted of first degree murder and grand larceny and sentenced to 48 years in prison. While in prison, Allen converted to Islam and changed his name to Dawud Majid Mu'Min. He was also cited for 23 violations and denied parole six times.

## 1988 murder, trial, and execution

Mu'Min was assigned to a daily work crew detail with the Virginia Department of Transportation in Dale City. During his lunch break, he left his group, which was supervised only by an unarmed transportation crew worker, and made his way to a nearby business, Dale City Floors, in the Ashdale Shopping Center, and found 42-year-old Gladys Nopwasky, the proprietor. He raped her and then stabbed her 16 times in the neck and chest with a screwdriver. He took $4.00 and returned to the road detail, leaving Nopwasky's half-naked body lying in a pool of her blood.
Mu'Min was arrested and convicted of capital murder. The Corrections Department, meanwhile, responded to public outcry over the killing by revamping its 80-year-old practice of using inmate labor outside the prison fences. Virginia now allows only inmates convicted of nonviolent crimes and considered to be low security risks to take part in work details, which are supervised by armed corrections officers.
Mu'Min was put to death by lethal injection at Greensville Correctional Center. He declined a last meal and had no last words.
# Ariadne taeniata

Ariadne taeniata is a species of biblidine butterfly endemic to the Philippines

## Subspecies

* A. t. taeniata (northern Philippines)
* A. t. adelpha (C. & R. Felder, 1861) (Philippines)
# Henry Widdrington (died 1665)

Henry Widdrington (died 5 December 1665) of Stamfordham, Northumberland was an English politician.
He was the 2nd son of Lewis Mautlaine alias Widdrington of Cheeseburn Grange, Stamfordham. He served as a Royalist Major of Horse in 1642. His elder brother was Thomas Widdrington, a judge and Member of Parliament who was Speaker of the House of Commons.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Morpeth from 1661 to his death in 1665. He was knighted before 21 January 1662 and succeeded his elder brother in 1664, briefly inheriting Cheeseburn Grange.
He had married in 1645 Mary, the daughter of John Swinburne and had 8 sons and 2 daughters. Cheeseburn Grange passed to his brother Ralph.
# Villiers-en-Bois

Villiers-en-Bois (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.
# Vijay Shinde

Vijay Shinde (born on 26 November) is an Indian filmmaker, writer and film director. He has directed several Marathi and Hindi films like Ragging Ek Vikruti (2011), The Strugglers (2012), Veeda Ek Sangharsh (2017), Dostigiri (2018), Shiva (2019), Kalakendra (not released), Abhinav (under production), and Anubhuti (under production).

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Director | Producer | Writer |
| 2011 | Ragging Ek Vikruti | Yes | No | Yes |
| 2012 | The Strugglers | Yes | No | Yes |
| 2017 | Veeda ek sangharsh | Yes | No | No |
| 2018 | Dostigiri | Yes | No | No |
| 2019 | Shiva | Yes | No | No |
| Unreleased | Kalakendra | Yes | No | Yes |
| Unreleased | Abhinav | Yes | No | No |
| 2023 | Anubhuti | Yes | Yes | Yes |
# Vindonissa

Vindonissa (from a Gaulish toponym in *windo- "white") was a Roman legion camp, vicus and later a bishop's seat at modern Windisch, Switzerland. The remains of the camp are listed as a heritage site of national significance. The city of Brugg hosts a small Roman museum, displaying finds from the legion camp.

## History

Excavations along the western edge of the Roman camp have discovered a few funeral pyre graves dating to the late Bronze Age (c. 1000–800 BC). The first settlement of Vindonissa was a 1st-century BC Helvetii fortified village on the peninsula between the Aare and Reuss rivers. The settlement was protected by an approximately 350 meters (1,150 ft) long wood and earth wall, with an up to 7 m (23 ft) deep trench which stretched across the narrow neck of the peninsula. The settlement came under Roman control either after the 58 BC conquest of the Helvetii by Julius Caesar or the 15 BC conquest of the Alps.
A small guard post was established on the site around 15 BC. The Roman settlement and legion camp was probably established in 15 AD. In an expansion around 30, thermal baths were added. The Legio XIII Gemina was stationed at Vindonissa until 44 or 45. With the arrival of the 21st legion (XXI Rapax) the camp was rebuilt with stone fortifications. After the 21st legion had looted the countryside in 69, it was replaced by the 11th legion (XI Claudia) which remained stationed until 101. After this date, Vindonissa was a civilian settlement, with a castle built in the 4th century.
The camp established around 15 AD covered an area of about 20 ha (49 acres) and was surrounded by an 1.8 km (1.1 mi) long wooden and earthen wall with wooden gates and low watchtowers surrounded by a double ditch. By 72 AD this had been replaced by a 3.6 m (12 ft) thick wall with massive gates, watchtowers and a single ditch.
The first systematic excavation of the ruins began in 1896. This and later excavations discovered the ruins of several buildings and numerous artifacts. A 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) long Roman underground canal still provides water to the fountain at Königsfelden Monastery. Vindonissa included the largest Roman amphitheater in modern Switzerland with seats for about 10,000. The foundations of the west and north walls and the remains of a Roman bath have been discovered.
# Standard Architecture for Universal Comment Extensions

Standard Architecture for Universal Comment Extensions or SAUCE, as it is most commonly known, is an open metadata protocol for tagging and describing ASCII text files and other files, most of which generally center on or date back to the era of BBSing. SAUCE is very similar in nature to the MP3 ID3 tag format created in 1996 in that it carries metadata such as the title, author (artist), organization (group), as well as specific hierarchical datatype information depending on what type of file it is describing.
The SAUCE protocol was invented and developed by the Belgian programmer known by the pseudonym Tasmaniac of ACiD, who later went on to create the XBin image format, in 1994, two years before ID3 was established. The first utility created to add SAUCE descriptions to files was named SPOON.
# C19H27NO3

The molecular formula C$_{19}$H$_{27}$NO$_3$ (molar mass: 317.42 g/mol, exact mass: 317.1991 u) may refer to:
* EA-3443
* Nateglinide
* PRE-084
* Tetrabenazine
# Huanghenanlu station

Huanghenanlu (Chinese: 黄河南路) is a metro station of Zhengzhou Metro Line 1.

## Station layout

The station is a 2-level underground station with a single island platform. The B1 level is for the station concourse and the B2 level is for the platforms.
| G | - | Exit |
| B1 | Concourse | Customer Service, Vending machines |
| B2 Platforms | Platform 2 | ← Line 1 towards Henan University of Technology (Convention and Exhibition Center) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B2 Platforms | Platform 1 | → Line 1 towards New Campus of Henan University (Nongyenanlu) → |

## Exits

| Exit | Exit | Destination |
| Exit A | Exit A | Jinshui East Road (north side), Huanghe South Road (east side) |
| Exit B1 | Exit B1 | Jinshui East Road (south side), Huanghe South Road (east side) |
| Exit B2 | Exit B2 | Jinshui East Road (south side), Huanghe South Road (east side) |
| Exit C1 | Exit C1 | Jinshui East Road (south side), Huanghe South Road (west side) |
| Exit D | Exit D | Jinshui East Road (south side), Huanghe South Road (west side) |

## Surroundings

* Henan Geological Museum (河南省地质博物馆)
# Vallepietra

Vallepietra is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Rome, in the Monti Simbruini area.
Vallepietra borders the following municipalities: Camerata Nuova, Cappadocia, Filettino, Jenne, Subiaco, Trevi nel Lazio.

## Main sights

Sanctuary of the Santissima Trinità, probably a rock settlement from the Neolithic era, and later a place of popular adoration connected to the Benedictine abbeys in Subiaco. It is still today the end of pilgrimages, often led by feet. The object of the popular adoration is a fresco portraying the Trinity, dating probably from the 12th century, and which has strong Byzantine influences.
# Hardencourt-Cocherel

Hardencourt-Cocherel (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.
# Sparganothina aurozodion

Sparganothina aurozodion is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 19.5 mm (0.77 in).
# Sparganothina cristata

Sparganothina cristata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Veracruz, Mexico.
# Dan Levenson

Dan Levenson may refer to:
* Dan Levenson (musician), American old-time musician and storyteller
* Dan Levenson (artist), American artist
# Annales Beneventani

The Annales Beneventani ("Beneventan Annals"), also called the Breve chronicon monasterii Sanctae Sophiae Beneventi ("Brief Chronicle of the Monastery of Santa Sofia of Benevento") or Chronicon Sanctae Sophiae for short, is a series of Latin annals from the monastery of Santa Sofia in Benevento, southern Italy. The annal entries were originally annotations written in the margins of Paschal tables, a practice that probably dates to the foundation of the monastery in the second half of the eighth century. The annotations were gathered together and copied into manuscripts in the early twelfth century. Three such manuscripts exist, each copied at Santa Sofia and each presenting a different redaction of the annals. The Annales is of interest primarily because its entries are roughly contemporaneous with the events they describe.
Version A.1 in manuscript Vatican, BAV, vat. lat. 4928, fol. 1$^r$–8$^v$, copied between 1113 and 1118, covers the years 787–1113. Version A.2 in manuscript Vatican BAV, vat. lat. 4939, fol. 1$^r$–15$^r$, copied in 1119, has entries added for the years before 787 all the way back to the birth of Jesus; it also has entries for the years down to 1128. It is found in the same manuscript as the monastery's cartulary, a collection of canon law and a list of the princes of Benevento. Version A.3 in manuscript Naples, BN, VI E 43, fol. 17r–18$^v$, copied between 1107 and 1118, has entries for the years from 1096 to 1130. It is the only version in which the annals are marginal annotations to a Paschal table, which would have been the form of the original manuscript(s) from which all three surviving redactions are derived. A fourth redaction once accepted as genuine has been identified as an eighteenth-century forgery. Ottorino Bertolini made the first critical edition based on all three texts in 1923.
The Annales have a distinctly Beneventan and south Italian perspective. The succession of Byzantine emperors is recorded into the ninth century, while the neither the Carolingian nor the Ottonian emperors are recognised as such, being referred to only as "kings". The succession of princes of Benevento is recorded down to the end the principality around 1050, when the city came under papal rule. Thereafter, the Annales record the succession of popes. The entries are more detailed from the tenth century onwards, but few are about the monastery itself.
# Hardy Brown

Hardy Brown (May 8, 1924 – November 8, 1991) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL), All-America Football Conference (AAFC), and the American Football League (AFL). He played college football at the University of Tulsa and then professionally for the San Francisco 49ers, Washington Redskins, and the Denver Broncos. He was one of only two men who played in the AAFC, NFL, and the AFL (the other was Ben Agajanian).
When Brown was four years old, he witnessed the murder of his father. He was then sent, along with his brothers and sisters, to live at the Texas Masonic Home, an orphanage for the children of deceased Freemasons in Fort Worth, Texas. At the Masonic Home, Brown became friends with Tex Coulter. Brown was a standout football player for the Mighty Mites, leading them to the state semi-finals his senior year. He then enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, serving as a Paramarine during the Second World War, before playing football at Tulsa and eventually professionally. Brown became known as one of the roughest defensive players in the game, knocking out numerous opponents with his trademark shoulder push. The Rams once offered a $500 bounty to any player who could take him out, and he had his shoulder pads checked before a game once to make sure he did not have metal plating or other such material stuffed in them. His reputation was such that supposedly, on one occasion, when future Hall of Fame quarterback Bob Waterfield was hit by a motorist, his first response was, "I didn't know that Hardy Brown was in town."
Hall of Famer Art Donovan had this to say of Brown: "How about San Francisco's Hardy Brown; ever heard of him? He was one tough bastard. I can't count how many people Hardy put in the hospital. His style was an intent to maim. He had this knack, this technique of slamming a shoulder into a running back's face; to this day I don't know how he did it. He was like a snake uncoiling. He'd get under your chin and, bang, you'd be seeing stars. Ball carriers looked for Hardy, rather than an opening, coming around that corner."
Brown died in 1991 in a mental institution after suffering from dementia, emphysema, and arthritis in his right (knockout) shoulder so bad he couldn't lift his arm to scratch his head.

## NFL Network

On the show NFL's Top 10, Hardy was marked as #5 on "The Most Feared Tacklers of All Time" segment.
# Southern grey-headed sparrow

The southern grey-headed sparrow (Passer diffusus) is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the grey-headed sparrow. It is found in savanna and woodland in Angola and Zambia southwards into South Africa, where it is expanding its range and is kept as a caged bird, like its relative the white-rumped seedeater.
# Harold See

Harold Frend See, Jr. (born November 7, 1943) is a legal scholar and was an associate justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1997 to 2009. The son of Harold F. See, Sr., and Corinne See, he was born at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center in Illinois while his father was serving with the United States Navy in the South Pacific.
See received a B.A. from Emporia State University, Kansas, an M.Sc. in economics from Iowa State University, and a J.D. from the University of Iowa College of Law, where he graduated with honors and was awarded the Order of the Coif.
See worked his way through school as a heavy equipment operator, a sheet metal worker, and a roofer. He served as assistant professor of economics at Illinois State University and practiced law with the law firm of Sidley & Austin. He joined the faculty at the University of Alabama School of Law, where he served for over twenty years successively as associate professor, full professor, and Herbert D. Warner Professor of Law. In 1996, he was elected associate justice of the Alabama Supreme Court as a Republican by defeating first-term incumbent Democrat Kenneth Ingram in a race that attracted national attention for its rough campaign. See was sworn in following his November election in January, 1997. He lost a Republican Primary race to become chief justice in 2000 to then-Etowah County Circuit Judge Roy Moore, but was re-elected to a second term on the Supreme Court in 2002. He declined to run for reelection to a third term in 2008 and was succeeded by Greg Shaw.
See is currently a professor at Belmont University College of Law, where he teaches intellectual property, trademarks, and law and economics.

## Affiliations

See has served as a contributing editor to the Federal Circuit Bar Journal, and he is a member of the American Law Institute, the Alabama Law Institute, the American Law and Economics Association, the Federalist Society, the American Bar Association, the Alabama State Bar Association, and V.O.C.A.L., a victims' rights advocacy group. In 2011, Justice See joined the faculty of the Belmont University College of Law in Nashville, Tennessee.
# Anna Ndege

Anna Ndege (born 5 March 1982 in Shinyanga) is a Tanzanian middle-distance runner. Her personal best of 4:09.71 minutes for the 1500 metres is the Tanzanian record for the distance.
Her best result was a nineteenth place in the short race at the 2001 World Cross Country Championships. She twice represented Tanzania at the competition at senior level, running in the short race in 2001 and 2002. She competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, running in both the 800 metres and 1500 metres events. She was a minor medallist in both those distances at the Africa Military Games.
# Spasmodique

Spasmodique was an underground rock band from Rotterdam, The Netherlands from 1981 to 2005.

## Sound

Spasmodique formed at the height of new wave's popularity and existed somewhere near that genre's post-punk fringes. They sang almost exclusively in English. Early demos reveal a sound not dissimilar to Joy Division, including prominent basslines, baritone vocals, dark lyrical themes and minimalist guitar. Later in their career, their music was sometimes described as goth. Their last album was more musically complex and had a hard rock edge, similar to the work of Billy Duffy. Their musical influences also included The Swans and The Sound.

## History
### 1980s

Spasmodique was formed in 1982 by singer/guitarist Mark Ritsema, guitarist Arjo Hijmans, bassist Martin Doctors van Leeuwen and drummer Reinier Rietveld (formerly of Quando Quango). They released a self-titled five-song ep in 1986. The same year, they recorded songs for an opera that were later released on their album North. In 1987 Spasmodique released their full-length debut From the Cellar of Roses and toured with Umberto di Bosso e Compadres. The next year they released another album with three new studio tracks and five live tracks, Start to Believe/Someone's Out There to Get You. In 1989 they finally debuted a single, "The Square", and released another full-length album, North. By the end of the decade, the band had grown more popular internationally, with growing audiences in Germany and Austria.

### 1990s

1990 would see the birth of Spasmodique's master work, the album Haven. Upon completion of the recording sessions, Hijmans left the band. The band promptly replaced him with Niek den Braven and Hans Brusse and released the non-album single "Spilling". The next year saw more personnel changes when the two new members were replaced by guitarist Raymond Gerrits. Spasmodique almost came to an end then, and embarked on a farewell tour, but the public's enthusiastic response convinced them to stay together. They released Who's Afraid, a compilation of demos and outtakes. In 1992 the band took a break from live performances that would stretch over a decade.

### 2000s

In 2000 Spasmodique began work on what would become new album Villa Delirium. It was released in 2002. That same year the book 20 Jaar Spasmodique, From the Cellar of Roses was published, detailing the band's history and discography. In 2005 singer Ritsema left the band, effectively ending Spasmodique.

### Post-Spasmodique

Singer/songwriter/guitarist Mark Ritsema has continued to record and perform with his new band Raskolnikov.
# Southfork

Southfork may refer to:
* Southfork, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
* Southfork Ranch, Texas where the Dallas television series was filmed