OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Academy of European Law

The Academy of European Law (known by the German acronym ERA for “Europäische Rechtsakademie”) is an international centre for training and debate for lawyers. A public foundation based in Trier, Germany, its objective is to promote the awareness, understanding and good practice of European law.

## Profile

ERA's goal is to enable legal practitioners to gain a deeper knowledge of the diverse aspects of European law through conferences, seminars, study visits, language courses and e-learning projects, many of them multilingual. Attendees at the events, taking place at the Academy's conference centre in Trier, in Brussels and other European cities, include judges, prosecutors, lawyers in private practice, notaries, in-house counsel, law enforcement officers, lawyers in public administration and other legal practitioners. The Academy also provides a forum for the discussion of proposals and developments of legal policy at the European level and thus contributes to the creation of a pan-European public sphere.

## History

The Academy's genesis was closely associated with the accelerating pace of European integration and the completion of the internal market. In 1990, the European Parliament recommended that the European Commission invest in a centre for the continuing education of lawyers in order to improve the consistent application of European law. In 1991 the Parliament endorsed a proposal drawn up by a number of MEPs and politicians from Luxembourg and the German Land of Rhineland-Palatinate to establish an Academy of European Law in Trier, Germany, close to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The Academy was set up in 1992 as a public foundation. The founding patrons were the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Land of Rhineland-Palatinate and the City of Trier. They were soon joined by the other German Länder, the federal state of Germany and, from 2000 on, by other Member States of the European Union. Today, all 28 EU Member States are patrons of the Academy.

## Structure and governance

The Academy's training events are designed and implemented by an international team of lawyers divided into four sections: European private law, European business law, European criminal law and European public law. Speakers are drawn from a Europe-wide network of experts, leading professionals and lawmakers. Besides revenue from its conferences, publications and interest on foundation capital, a significant share of the Academy's budget is made up of support from the European Union and the Land of Rhineland-Palatinate.
Former European Commission president Jacques Santer is the president of the Academy's Governing Board, which is responsible for fundamental policy decisions and approval of the budget. Pauliine Koskelo, Judge at the European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, is chairwoman of its Board of Trustees. The Academy's director is Jean-Philippe Rageade.

## Activities and publications

ERA publishes the quarterly legal journal ERA Forum in cooperation with Springer Science+Business Media.
# Platydoris ocellata

Platydoris ocellata is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from North Moa Island, Indonesia. It is reported from Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Solomon Islands.
# Platydoris inornata

Platydoris inornata is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

The holotype of this species was collected at the Pinnacle, between Tab Island and Rasch Pass, Madang, New Guinea, 5°09′42″S 145°50′12″E﻿ / ﻿5.1618°S 145.8366°E﻿ / -5.1618; 145.8366. Further specimens from Madang, New Guinea and Sumilon Island and Maricaban Island, Philippines were included in the original description.
# Platydoris sabulosa

Platydoris sabulosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Sumilon Island, Oslob, Cebu, Philippines, 9°26′05″N 123°23′23″E﻿ / ﻿9.4346°N 123.3897°E﻿ / 9.4346; 123.3897. It has been reported from southeast Queensland, Australia.
# Alfred Mallwitz

Alfred Mallwitz (2 October 1919, Berlin – 17 March 1986, Vaterstetten) was a German architect. From 1953 he was architect to the German Archaeological Institute excavations at Olympia, leading them from 1972 to 1984. From 1978 to 1980 he also led major excavations south-east of Olympia.
# Alfred Mann (musicologist)

Alfred Mann (April 28, 1917 – September 21, 2006), was an American musicologist who specialized in the history of Western musical theory. He was a professor of Musicology at the Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester. His parents were the portrait painter Wilhelm Mann and the well-known harpsichordist and musicologist Edith Weiss-Mann.

## Biography

Alfred Mann left Germany before World War II and moved to Italy where he only could stay shortly. In 1938, Mann had to leave Italy, because of a Mussolini mandate, and Mann moved to the USA. After a long career, Mann became Professor of Musicology at the Eastman School in 1980, retiring and becoming Professor Emeritus in 1987.

## Important Writings

In 1938, Mann published his German translation of Johann Joseph Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum next to the first one by Lorenz Christoph Mizler in 1742.
In 1943, Mann made the first real translation of Gradus ad Parnassum into English next to the one with paraphrases by an anonymous translator. The translation contained the preface, pages 41 – 139 and page 279 of the original work, based on his German translation version.
In 1958, Mann translated into English, the part of Gradus ad Parnassum that concerned the composition of a fugue, pages 140 – 217 of the original work.
# Acleris curvalana

Acleris curvalana, the blueberry leaftier moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Alberta, Arkansas, British Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington and West Virginia.
The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are pale lemon yellow, overcast with bright ochreous red. The base of the wing is yellow, as is a small margin along the termen. There is a round yellowish spot in the middle of the wing. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to August.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Quercus and Rosa species.
# Alexandru Djuvara

Alexandru Djuvara (Romanian pronunciation:; 20 December 1858 – 1 February 1913) was a Romanian writer, journalist and politician.

## Early years

Djuvara was born in Bucharest on 20 December 1858. He was the uncle of prominent Romanian historian Neagu Djuvara, whose father was descended from an aristocratic Aromanian family.
After graduation from Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, he went on to study Law in the School of History and Political Science. Having completed his law studies, Djuvara studied engineering at Paris Polytechnical School.

## Political career

Djuvara served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 1 November 1909 until 28 December 1910 under the reign of Romanian King Carol I. He also served as the Minister of Industry and Commerce.
He died on 1 February 1913 in Bucharest.
# Ace 2

Ace 2 may refer to:
* Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
* Samsung Galaxy Ace 2, a smartphone
* Ace 2 (video game), Air Combat Emulator II, a video game released in 1987
# Alfred Leonard Cline

Alfred Leonard Cline (March 12, 1888 – August 5, 1948), known as The Buttermilk Bluebeard, was an alleged American serial killer responsible for murdering at least nine people.

## Biography

Cline was born on March 12, 1888, in Frederick, Kansas. He was never convicted of murders, as no supporting evidence was found. He married women of status, convinced them to will their possessions to his name, and persuaded them to drink a glass of poisoned buttermilk that contained powerful sedatives. After a fatal dose of drugs, a local doctor would issue a death certificate citing the cause of death to be heart failure.
Cline cremated his later wives to hide any evidence of murder. He acquired over $82,000 in possessions from eight of his wives. Cline was prosecuted for a murder charge, but jailed for forgery. He was sentenced to 126 years in Folsom Prison, California. Cline died of a heart attack in the prison on August 5, 1948.
# Plenty Bears, South Dakota

Plenty Bears is an unincorporated community in Bennett County, South Dakota, United States.
# Plenty Highway

The Plenty Highway is a 498-kilometre (309 mi) outback mostly unsealed road in the Northern Territory of Australia between the Stuart Highway and north-western Queensland.

## Route description

The road begins at a turnoff from the Stuart Highway 68 kilometres (42 mi) north of Alice Springs, and finishes at Tobermorey Homestead on the Northern Territory/Queensland border. It then continues for another 249 kilometres (155 mi) to Boulia in Queensland, as the Donohue Highway.
The first 170 kilometres (110 mi) from the Stuart Highway is sealed. Of the next 108 kilometres (67 mi) to Jervois Homestead all bar 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) is unsealed as is the rest of the track to the Queensland Border. From the Queensland Border to Boulia the final 128 km (80 mi) is sealed with another 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the border. Information about its condition may be obtained from the Harts Range police station, 112 kilometres (70 mi) from the Stuart Highway.
East of Jervois Homestead, the road is formed earth, deteriorating to rocks and bulldust as it nears Tobermorey, 213 kilometres (132 mi) from Jervois Homestead. The road north to Urandangi and thence to Mount Isa bears left just before Tobermorey.

## Road condition

The worst sections of the road are in the Northern Territory, with deep potholes and bulldust. On the Queensland side of the border the road has had significant upgrades and is of a hard pack gravel surface. It is 249 kilometres (155 mi) from Tobermorey to Boulia and good camping may be found at the Georgina River, at about the 125 kilometres (78 mi) mark.
Fuel and food may be obtained at Gemtree, Atitjere community, Jervois Homestead and Boulia. As of June 2018, fuel and camping is available at Tobermorey. Road trains up to 53 metres (174 ft) in length use both highways.

## Upgrades

The Northern Australia Roads Program announced in 2016 included the following project for the Plenty Highway.

### Progressive sealing and flood immunity

The project to progressively seal and provide flood immunity improvements was expected to be complete in late 2021 at a total cost of $25 million.

## Junctions and localities

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Burt Plain | | | Stuart Highway (National route 87) – Alice Springs Darwin | 68 kilometres (42 mi) north of Alice Springs |
| Anmatjere | 27 | 17 | Sandover Highway (state route 14) – Camooweal | |
| Gemtree | 70 | 43 | | Caravan park, fuel available |
| Harts Range, Atitjere | 147 | 91 | | Fuel available |
| Huckitta Station | 200 | 120 | | |
| Jervois Station | 277 | 172 | | Fuel available |
| Tarlton Downs Station | 347 | 216 | | |
| Tobermorey | 492 | 306 | Urandangi Road – Urandangi, Mount Isa | |
| Tobermorey Homestead | 496 | 308 | Continues into Queensland as Donohue Highway – Boulia | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Bamburral River

The Bamburral River is a river of Paraguay.
# Bambusa albolineata

Bambusa albolineata is a species of Bambusa bamboo.

## Distribution

It is found in the temperate regions of Asia, mainly China and eastern Asia.

## Description

The bamboo is perennial. Its rhizomes are short. It can grow to 600–800 cm long with a maximum width of 35 to 55 mm diameter in a very woody form. It does not produce nodal roots.
# Alfred Chakin

Abraham Alfred "Chick" Chakin (December 25, 1904 – March 1938) was an American volunteer in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War, an athlete and educator.
Born in Brooklyn, Chakin studied education at Cornell University, graduating in 1926. A fine athlete, he was the star of Cornell's wrestling team and just missed being named to the 1924 US Olympic wrestling team. During the 1930s, he worked as a physical education instructor at City College of New York and coach of the college's wrestling team. He was an active participant in the College Teachers Union and Anti-Fascist Association.
In July, 1936, Chakin went to Barcelona as coach of the American team at the People's Olympiad, an international athletic meet organized to protest the official Olympics held that summer in Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany. On July 19, two days before the games were scheduled to begin, as Chakin and the rest of the team were preparing to leave for the stadium to train, rebel troops tried to take control of Barcelona in a military coup. The Spanish Civil War had begun. The games were cancelled, and Chakin returned to the United States with the rest of the team.
In 1937, Chakin left his position at City College to join the International Brigades fighting on the side of the Spanish Republic. He served as armorer with the mostly-Canadian Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion. He was captured by Fascist forces on March 17, 1938, near Caspe as the XV International Brigade retreated from Teruel, and was executed a few days later.
Chakin was married to Jennie Berman, a New York social worker who headed the Child Care Commission of the Social Workers Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, which visited Spain to assess the humanitarian situation and resettle children displaced by the war.

## Sources

* "Nine Athletes Selected," The New York Times, 2 July 1936, 18.
* Bernard N. Danchik Collection, Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives, New York University, New York.
* Carroll,Peter N. The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Americans in the Spanish Civil War. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.
* Howard, Victor. The Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion: The Canadian Contingent in the Spanish Civil War. Toronto: Copp Clark, 1969.
* O'Hare, Mark. "The Fascists Shot at Us." The Daily Worker, 16 August 1936, 6.
# Alfred Fowell Buxton

Alfred Fowell Buxton (28 March 1854 – 5 May 1952) was a British banker and local politician.
He was the son of Thomas Fowell Buxton and his wife Rachel Jane née Gurney of Easneye House near Ware, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1877. He was to retain strong links with Rugby: he married Violet Jex-Blake, daughter of the school's then headmaster, Thomas Jex-Blake in 1885 and from 1906 to 1936 was one of the school's governors. Violet Buxton OBE was the niece of Sophia Jex-Blake, suffragist and first woman medical graduate in UK.

## Career

On leaving Cambridge Buxton entered banking in the City of London, eventually becoming an extraordinary director of the National Provincial Bank. He joined the board of the Alliance Assurance Company in 1919, retiring in 1948, aged 94.
In 1892 he was elected to the London County Council as one of four councillors representing the City of London. He served a single three-year term until 1895, but returned to the council as an alderman in 1904, serving until 1922. In 1916–1917 he was Chairman of the County Council.
Outside politics and business, Buxton was a leading member of the Church of England: he was a member of House of Laity of the General Synod, and of the Church of England Pensions Board. He made his home at Fairhill, Hildenborough, near Tonbridge, Kent. He had three children: Patrick Alfred Buxton, who became the Director of Entomology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Denis Alfred Jex, a wing commander in the Royal Air Force and amateur archaeologist and Violet Elizabeth. A great-great-granddaughter is Dame Cressida Dick, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Service.
Buxton died in 1952 aged 98.
# Alfred Foster

Alfred Foster may refer to:
* Alfred Foster (judge) (1886–1962), Australian judge
* Alfred Foster (mathematician) (1904–1994), American mathematician
# Acrocercops arbutella

Acrocercops arbutella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae, known from Arizona, United States.
The host plant for the species is Arbutus arizonica. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a large upper side blotch mine. The loosened epidermis of the mine is very thin and whitish at first. Later it turns brownish. The parenchyma is either almost entirely consumed over about half the mine, or irregularly eaten over the whole mine.
# Alexia Rasmussen

Alexia Rasmussen is an American actress and assistant director, known for Listen to Your Heart (2010), Our Idiot Brother (2011) and Tanner Hall (2009).

## Biography

Rasmussen was born on July 10, 1985, in Los Angeles, California. Alexia Rasmussen trained at the Experimental Theater Wing, the Classical Studio and the International Theater Wing in Amsterdam, all part of her time at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.

## Filmography
### Film and Movies

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2022 | They Want Me Gone | Monica | |
| 2020 | Son of Monarchs | Sarah | |
| 2020 | I Blame Society | Stalin | |
| 2019 | A Sweet Life | Kat Dawson | |
| 2019 | The Ghost Who Walks | Lena | |
| 2014 | Last Weekend | Vanessa Sanford | |
| 2015 | Bloomin Mud Shuffle | Monica | |
| 2013 | Kilimanjaro | Clare | |
| 2012 | Coney | Alice | Short |
| 2012 | Blue Bloods | Sophia Babikov | TV Series |
| 2012 | California Solo | Beau | |
| 2012 | The Comedy | Young Woman | |
| 2011 | Rearview | Cady | Short |
| 2011 | Losers Take All | Vicky | |
| 2011 | Pandemic 41.410806, −75.654259 | Bree | Short film |
| 2011 | Our Idiot Brother | Chloe | |
| 2010 | The Choctaw Funeral Cry | Annie | Short Film |
| 2010 | Charley | Courtney | Short |
| 2010 | Listen to Your Heart | Ariana | |
| 2010 | Mary Last Seen | Mary | Short |
| 2009 | The Queen of Greenwich Village | Young tess | Short |
| 2009 | Tanner Hall | Gretchen | |
| 2008 | The Steam-Room Crooner | Tammy | Short |
# Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory

The Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory is an ice cream shop in Brooklyn, New York City. Its original location was a converted 1922 fireboat house at 1 Water Street, on the Fulton Ferry Landing Pier, in the Dumbo neighborhood near the Brooklyn Bridge. It was replaced by an outpost of the Ample Hills ice cream stores in June 2019, which was subsequently replaced by an outpost of Van Leeuwen Ice Cream in May 2023. Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory remained in business at a new temporary location in the Greenpoint neighborhood until March 2021, when it reopened across the street from the original location at 14 Old Fulton Street.

## History

The ice cream shop was opened by owner Mark Thompson in 2001, shortly after the September 11 attacks.
It sat near the Brooklyn Bridge in a landmark fireboat house on the Fulton Ferry landing, the oldest in Brooklyn. In the past, firefighters from the nearby marine fireboat station used the building for firefighting practice sessions.
The Fulton Ferry location was replaced by an outpost of the Ample Hills ice cream stores in June 2019. Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory remained in business at a single new location in the Greenpoint neighborhood until March 2021.

## New Location

Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory reopened across the street, from its original historic location at the Brooklyn Landing, on March 10, 2021.

## Ice cream

All of its ice cream, and its hot fudge, is freshly made. The ice cream is old-fashioned, with less butterfat, and made without eggs. The ice cream is made in small batches of eight flavors (including chocolate, vanilla, butter pecan, and strawberry) and claims that no preservatives are used. An article in The New York Times described the ice creams as "creamy, ethereally light and perfectly balanced. They practically float into your mouth and leave no heavy film on your palate."
The Clinton St. Baking Company & Restaurant on the Lower East Side used ice cream from the Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory in some of its desserts.
In June 2006, Patrick Bertoletti, a 20-year-old Chicago culinary student, set the 8-minute ice-cream competitive eating record by eating 1.75 gallons of vanilla ice cream at the Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory, winning $2,000 in the process.

## Accolades

New York City for Dummies called its ice cream "the best ice cream in New York", as did The Sunday Times and Frommer's New York City 2011. Former Bronx borough president Fernando Ferrer is partial to the restaurant's French vanilla ice cream.
# Ace Magic

The Ace Magic is an Indian ultralight trike, designed by John Penry-Evans and produced by Ace Aviation of Tamil Nadu. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

## Design and development

The Magic was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of 450 kg (992 lb). The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of 245 kg (540 lb). It also complies with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules when equipped with a 20 litres (4.4 imp gal; 5.3 US gal) fuel tank.
The Magic features a cable-braced hang glider-style high wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
Designed in the United Kingdom and produced in India, the aircraft is imported into the UK by P&M Aviation.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its two-surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its 9.2 m (30.2 ft) wingspan is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin-cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, single-ignition, 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447 engine. Optional engines include the 48 hp (36 kW) Simonini Victor 1 Plus and the four-stroke NS.T NS650. A trim system, adjustable leg length and 60 litres (13 imp gal; 16 US gal) panniers are all standard equipment. With the Cyclone wing the aircraft has an empty weight of 115 kg (254 lb) and a gross weight of 245 kg (540 lb), giving a useful load of 130 kg (287 lb). With a full fuel load of 36 litres (7.9 imp gal; 9.5 US gal) the payload is 104 kg (229 lb).
A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the high performance Cyclone, the sport 90% double surface Laser, the intermediate Touch and the beginner Spirit.

## Specifications (Magic Cyclone)

Data from Bayerl and Tacke
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 11.5 m$^2$ (124 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 115 kg (254 lb)
* Gross weight: 245 kg (540 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 36 litres (7.9 imp gal; 9.5 US gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 447 twin cylinder, air-cooled, two stroke aircraft engine, 30 kW (40 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden
Performance
* Maximum speed: 125 km/h (78 mph, 67 kn)
* Cruise speed: 104 km/h (65 mph, 56 kn)
* Stall speed: 46 km/h (29 mph, 25 kn)
* Rate of climb: 6.5 m/s (1,280 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 21.3 kg/m$^2$ (4.4 lb/sq ft)