OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hochstein (rocks)

The Hochstein, near the little southwest Palatine town of Dahn in southwest Germany, is a rock formation that is very popular with sports climbers and walkers.

## Structure and location

The Hochstein (345 m) belongs to the many bunter sandstone rock formations that are typical of the Wasgau, a region that covers the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges. Because the region of Dahn is especially rich in such landforms, it is known as the Dahn Rock Country (Dahner Felsenland). The Hochstein - like the other rock outcrops of the region - is made of a harder rock that has partly withstood erosion over the centuries. The entire massif runs for 1½ km east of Dahn across the Wieslauter stream and is heavily subdivided.
Especially striking is the Hochsteinnadel ("Hochstein Needle") at the western tip of the massif, near St. Michael's Chapel. Next is the Gratturm, followed by the main Hochsteingrat ridge itself. From here there are outlying spurs running northeast and south, of which the Haferfels stands out.

## Flora

The remains of ancient juniper bushes are especially valuable, as are luminescent mosses in small corners of the Hochsteingrat.

## Features

In some places the leachate has created especially delicate weathering patterns.
Towards the end of the Second World War, families in Dahn sought refuge for a long time under overhanging rocks. Traces of their emergency shelter are still visible.
At the foot of the Hochstein is Dahn Cemetery which, with its 2,400 graves, is one of the largest war cemeteries in Germany.
# De-linkage

De-linkage is a proposed model for development of new pharmaceutical drugs where "de-link" refers to isolating the profitability of a drug from its volume of sales.
In the current business model, the pharmaceutical industry relies on the pricing and sales of its products to generate profits and to finance research and development of new drugs. This ability is dependent on the monopoly granted through patents.
In the de-linkage model, other means (such as lump sums) would be used to reward companies for research and development in exchange for restricting the price charged for the product. This would allow the product to be sold at prices closer to production costs which would ensure better access, particularly for poor people and those who pay for their own treatment.

## History

De-linkage was first promoted by civil society organizations as a better way of financing research and development than the patent-based system, alongside possible ways to implement financing flexibilities internationally. This was opposed by the industry as it was seen as an attack on the patent system on which the current business model depended. It was also questioned because it involved governments deciding how R&D should be rewarded instead of the free market. An early effort to implement delinkage of R&D incentives from drug prices was the Medical Innovation Prize Fund legislation first introduced in the House of Representatives by Bernie Sanders in 2005, and subsequently revised and reintroduced several times. Several national governments support measures to move toward delinkage.

## De-linkage and development of new antibiotics

Until resistance has emerged against a previous generation of antibiotic, commercial return for any given new drug is uncertain. Therefore, the de-linkage model may be preferable in the context of developing new antibiotics and the fight against resistance where new antibiotics initially are unlikely to sell in large quantities because they should be reserved for use only when all other options have been exhausted. De-linkage also removes the incentive for the industry to boost sales that may encourage overuse that accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance.
# Ekka Raja Rani

Ekka Raja Rani is a 1994 Bollywood action drama film directed by Afzal Ahmed Khan, produced by Xavier Marquis starring Vinod Khanna and Govinda.

## Plot

Vishal Kapoor alias V.K (Vinod Khanna) is an underworld Don of Mumbai. Asha (Ashwini Bhave) is in love with V.K. However, she gets no response from V.K as he does not believe in love.
V.K has his beloved friend Pasha (Anil Dhawan) who sacrifices his life to save V.K. Before death, Pasha took an oath from V.K that he will take care of his brother Sagar (Govinda).
Barkha (Ayesha Jhulka) is a good dancer. However, she is being kicked out by her guru on account of jealousy. One day, the enemies of V.K plant a time bomb under his car. Barkha is watching all this activity. When V.K is about to sit in the car. Barkha drags V.K away from the car. Hence saving his life. V.K appreciates what Barkha has done for him and offers her to remain in his house as a guest. Homeless, Barkha has no choice but to accept the offer.
At V.K's house, Barkha faces some problems with Sagar initially but falls in love with him later. Meanwhile, not knowing Barkha and Sagar are in love, V.K also starts to have feelings for Barkha. In her love, he leaves drinking.
V.K arranges a party to announce his engagement with Barkha. When he proposes to her, she turns him down, and tells him that she loves Sagar. Enraged, Vicky starts to drink again. Sagar and Barkha leave the house.
Nageshwar Rao (Paresh Rawal) being an enemy of V.K takes advantage of the situation and started to create misunderstandings between V.K and Sagar. Initially, he was successful in doing so. Later on, after the interference of Dr. Asha, the real bone of contention was revealed to V.K and Sagar. Both kill Nageshwar. Sagar marries Barkha and V.K marries Asha and all live happily.

## Cast

* Vinod Khanna as Vishal 'Vicky' Kapoor
* Govinda as Sagar
* Ayesha Jhulka as Barkha
* Ashwini Bhave as Asha
* Paresh Rawal as Nageshwar Rao
* Tinnu Anand as Dhalal
* Anil Dhawan as Pasha
* Bharat Kapoor as Police Commissioner
* Johnny Lever as Guruji (Dancemaster)
* Mushtaq Khan as Dharma, Vicky's Assistant
* Tej Sapru as Kali
* Sudhir Dalvi as Police Constable, Asha's Father
* Rajendra Nath as John
* Ishrat Ali as Mr. Dhanraj
* Sudhir as DSP Gaekwad
* Shiva Rindani as Rajeshswar Rao, elder brother of Nageshwar
* Vikas Anand as Builder

## Soundtrack

The music of the film was composed Nadeem-Shravan, and the lyrics were penned by Sameer Anjaan.
| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| 1 | "Ishq Karoge To Dard Milega" | Udit Narayan, Kumar Sanu & Sarika Kapoor |
| 2 | "Yeh Neeli Peeli Chudiyaan" | Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik |
| 3 | "Pyar Karo To Aise" | Kumar Sanu |
| 4 | "Dil Ko Zara Sa Aaram Denge" (Duet) | Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik |
| 5 | "Dil Ko Zara Sa" | Babul Supriyo |
| 6 | "Mere Savre Savaria" | Bali Brahmbhatt, Sapna Awasthi |
| 7 | "Dil Milne Ko Tarasta Hai" | Vinod Rathod, Alka Yagnik |
| 8 | "Tadpun Ya Pyar Karun" | Alka Yagnik |
# Stig Stenholm

Stig Torsten Stenholm (26 February 1939 – 30 September 2017) was a theoretical physicist who formerly held an Academy of Finland professorship.

## Education and career

Stenholm obtained an engineering degree at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), and a master of science degree in mathematics at the University of Helsinki, both in 1964. He then earned his Dr. phil. at Oxford in 1967 on the topic of quantum liquids under supervision of Dirk ter Haar.
From 1967 to 1968, he performed postdoctorate work at Yale University. He obtained his a position as professor at the University of Helsinki in 1974. In 1980, Stenholm was appointed as the scientific director of the Research Institute for Theoretical Physics (TFT). His colleague Kalle-Antti Suominen later affirmed: "As a director Stig was very broad-minded and without this the happy atmosphere of TFT could not have existed."
In the 1990s, the TFT was replaced, and the Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) took its place. In 1997, Stenholm moved to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. He retired in 2005.
He delivered the presentation speech for the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics at the Stockholm Concert Hall.

## Work

Stenholm specialised on quantum optics and worked among other topics on laser cooling, Bose–Einstein condensation and quantum information.

## Honors

He received an Academy of Finland professorship for the work he performed from 1992 to 1997, and he was member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters and the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in Finland.

## Books

* Stenholm, Stig: The Quest for Reality. Bohr and Wittgenstein – two complementary views. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19960-358-9 (abstract)
* Stenholm, Stig & Suominen, Kalle-Antti: Quantum Approach to Informatics. Wiley, 2005. ISBN 0-471-73610-4
* Stenholm, Stig: The Foundations of Laser Spectroscopy. Wiley / Dover Books on Physics, 1984. ISBN 0-486-44498-8
* Stenholm, Stig: The semiclassical theory of the gas laser. Pergamon Press, 1971. ISBN 0-08-016409-9
# Charles Butler (lawyer)

Charles Butler KC (14 August 1750 – 2 June 1832) was an English Roman Catholic lawyer and miscellaneous writer.

## Biography

Charles Butler was born in London, the son of James Butler, a nephew of Alban Butler. He was educated at Douai. In 1769 he became apprenticed to the conveyancer John Maire, and subsequently (on Maire's death in 1773) to Matthew Duane. In 1775 he set up his own conveyancing practice and entered Lincoln's Inn. He edited, with Francis Hargrave, Coke upon Lyttleton, published in 1775. Peter Bellinger Brodie was one of his students.
A 1777 pamphlet supporting naval impressments won him the patronage of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, but Butler withdrew from general political activity to press for Catholic relief. Secretary of the Catholic Committee from 1782, he was appointed by them to draft a new relief bill in 1788: despite controversy within the English Catholic community over the extent to which the Catholic condition should be assimilated to that of Protestant dissenters, a bill passed on 24 June 1791. In 1792 Butler helped found the Cisalpine Club "to resist any ecclesiastical interference which may militate against the freedom of English Catholics". Relations between cisalpine Catholics, minimising the authority of the Pope over English Catholics, and vicars apostolic (especially Butler's long-time opponent John Milner) were strained; in 1807 a Catholic Board was formed after efforts to repair relations, but Milner would censure Butler in 1822 as 'a rebel to ecclesiastical authority and a public sinner'.
He had considerable practice as a conveyancer, and after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 was the first Catholic to be called to the bar since 1688. His only appearance at the bar was in Cholmondeley v. Clinton at the House of Lords, which set a precedent for judgements on land removal. In 1832 he took silk, and was made a bencher of Lincoln's Inn.

## Marriage

Butler married Mary Eyston in 1776; they had one son (who died young) and two daughters.

## Works

His literary activity was enormous, and the number of his published works comprises about fifty volumes. The most important of them are:
* Reminiscences (1821–1827)
* Horae Biblicae (1797), which passed through several editions
* Horae Juridicae Subsecivae (1804)
* Book of the Roman Catholic Church (1825), which was directed against Southey and excited some controversy
* lives of Erasmus, Grotius, Bossuet, Fénelon
He also edited and completed the Lives of the Saints of his uncle, Alban Butler, Fearne's Essay on Contingent Remainders and Hargrave's edition of Coke upon Littleton's Laws of England (1775).
A complete list of Butler's works is contained in Joseph Gillow's Bibliographical Dictionary of English Catholics, vol. i. pp. 357–364.
# Chrysonicara

Chrysonicara is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Bayrambinə

41°39′13″N 46°15′05″E﻿ / ﻿41.65361°N 46.25139°E﻿ / 41.65361; 46.25139
Bayrambinə is a village in the Balakan Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Talalar.
# Eicochrysops hippocrates

Eicochrysops hippocrates, the white-tipped blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Africa, south of the Sahara, including Madagascar. In South Africa it is found from the East Cape along the KwaZulu-Natal coast to Eswatini, Mpumalanga and the Limpopo province.
The wingspan is 18–23 mm for males and 20–24 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to November and from January to June. There are two generations per year.
The larvae feed on Polygonum and Rumex species.
# Arthur Schopenhauer (sculpture)

Arthur Schopenhauer is a sculpture of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer by sculptor Elisabet Ney. Completed in 1859, the piece is a portrait bust rendered in marble. The bust was modeled and carved in Germany, but it is now held by the Elisabet Ney Museum in Austin, Texas, United States.

## History

As a young artist in Berlin, Elisabet Ney had sculpted various luminaries of the city, including Jacob Grimm, Cosima Liszt, and Alexander von Humboldt. Ney had been patronized by the naturalist Humboldt, sculptor Christian Rauch, and diplomat Varnhagen von Ense; when all three died between late 1857 and mid 1859, she decided to travel Germany in search of new notable subjects.$^{:133–134}$
In the autumn of 1859, she went to Frankfurt to make a sculpture of prominent philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. Ney called on Schopenhauer uninvited and unannounced, and at first he refused to be her model. Nonetheless, she soon persuaded him to sit for her, and the two developed a friendship as she composed the portrait.$^{:134–135}$
After finishing the portrait in clay, Ney returned to her studio in Berlin to render the piece in marble later in 1859. In the year after its completion, the marble was shown in Frankfurt, Berlin, and Leipzig (where Schopenhauer's publisher was located);$^{:25}$ Ney also showed the work at the Paris Salon of 1861, together with her portrait bust of Eilhard Mitscherlich.$^{:30}$ The piece is now owned by the Elisabet Ney Museum in Austin, Texas, where Ney moved later in life.

## Design and reception

Schopenhauer depicts its subject at age seventy-one, a year before his death. The bust prominently features Schopenhauer's much-caricatured bald crown, unruly hair and shaggy sideburns.$^{:27}$ The figure is unclothed, showing the subject's bare shoulders and upper chest.$^{:138}$ The eyes are lightly incised, and the head is slightly tilted, with an ambiguous expression; these details make the portrait more personal than Ney's earlier, more strictly neoclassical works.$^{:27}$
Schopenhauer was considered to be a good likeness of its subject, if flattering.$^{:27}$ The work was well received by critics, and also by Schopenhauer himself, who had been deeply displeased with his own earlier portraits in painting and photography.$^{:136}$ The success of the piece contributed to Ney's commission for her next major work, a bust of King George V of Hanover.$^{:141}$
# Taguahelix elaiodes

Taguahelix elaiodes is a species of terrestrial snail in the family Punctidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 3 mm, its diameter 2 mm.
(Original description) The turbinate shell is olive-green and shining. The shell contains 4½, rounded whorls. The protoconch consists of 1½ concentrically striate whorls. The remaining whorls are irregularly, radiately, finely striate and substriate with about 10 striations per millim., the substriations are variable in number and extent, both directed backwards. the whole shell is concentrically wave-striated. The suture is deep. The periphery is rounded. The umbilicus is narrow and pervious. The outer lip is simple, the margins slightly converging. The columella is vertical, reflexed above and slightly covers the umbilicus. The base of the shell is rounded

## Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand and occurs on North Island
# List of Austrians by net worth

The following Forbes list of Austrian billionaires is based on an annual assessment of wealth and assets compiled and published by Forbes magazine in 2024.

## 2024 Austrian billionaires list

| Global ranking | Name | Citizenship | Net worth (USD) | Sources of wealth |
| 31 | Mark Mateschitz | Austria | 39.6 billion | Red Bull |
| 156 | Georg Stumpf | Austria | 12.6 billion | Stumpf Group |
| 385 | Johann Graf | Austria | 7.1 billion | Novomatic |
| 432 | Helmut Sohmen | Austria | 6.4 billion | BW Group |
| 1104 | Reinold Geiger | Austria | 3 billion | L'Occitane |
| 1238 | Wolfgang Leitner | Austria | 2.7 billion | Andritz Group |
| 1945 | Toto Wolff | Austria | 1.6 billion | Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team |
| 2287 | Ulrich Mommert | Austria | 1.3 billion | ZKW |
| 2287 | Michael Tojner | Austria | 1.3 billion | VARTA |
# Baisha, Xinluo District

Baisha (Chinese: 白沙) is a town of Xinluo District, Longyan, Fujian, China. As of 2018, it has 31 villages under its administration.
# Lawrence Baker (tennis)

Lawrence Baker (June 18, 1890 – October 14, 1980) was an American tennis administrator and player.
Baker was born in Lowndesville, South Carolina. In 1930 he was chairman of the Chevy Chase Club in Chevy Chase, Maryland, and he was president of the United States Tennis Association from 1948 to 1950. He was captain of the United States team at the 1953 Davis Cup. Baker was general counsel for the United States Tennis Association until 1970. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in the contributor category in 1975.
Baker died in October 1980, at the age of 90.
# Duško Kuliš

Duško Kuliš (born 7 February 1960) is a Croatian folk singer and songwriter from Bosnia and Herzegovina. He released his music mostly on Jugoton and its successor, Croatia Records. He is married and has two children.

## Discography

He released the following studio albums:
* "Nisu moje godine za tebe" (1983, Jugoton)
* "Priđi mi bliže" (1985, Jugoton)
* "Nemirna ljubav" (1987, Jugoton)
* "Kako ću bez tebe" (1988, Jugoton)
* "Ako jednom poželiš da odeš" (1990, Jugoton)
* "Ne zovi me u zoru" (1994)
* "Kaži nebo" (1995, Croatia Records)
* "Ne palite za mnom svijeću" (1996, Dammic)
* "Imaš li dušu" (1999, Croatia Records)
* "Megamix" (2000, Croatia Records)
* "SuperMegaMix" (2001, Croatia Records)
* "Umri muški" (2002)
* "SuperMegaMix" (2004, Croatia Records)
* "Otkopčano – Zakopčano" (2005, Croatia Records)
* "Eto pitaj pola grada" (2008, Croatia Records)
* "Nije srce na prodaju" (2009)
# Structural competency

Structural competency is a term used in American health professional education to describe the ability of health care providers and trainees to appreciate how symptoms, clinical problems, diseases and attitudes toward patients, populations and health systems are influenced by 'upstream' social determinants of health.
The creators of this term Jonathan Metzl and Helena Hansen proposed a 5-point model .
* Recognition of "structures that shape clinical interactions"
* Development of "an extraclinical language of structure"
* Rearticulation of "'cultural' presentations in structural terms"
* Observation and imagination of "structural intervention"
* Development of "structural humility"
The concept of structural competency is framed in the language of competency based medical education and is proposed as a new iteration of cultural competency which is a defined competency in American medical, nursing and public health education.
# Henry Crumpe

Henry Crumpe (fl.1380–1401) was Anglo-Irish Cistercian.

## Life

Crumpe was an Oxford-based cleric from Ireland. He wrote sermons against John Wycliffe's views on dominion, though he was later condemned by the church as his views on the sacrament were deemed too close to Wycliffe. He is credited with terming Wycliffe's followers Lollards.
Crumpe was suspended from all teaching and disputation for a time in 1382. He then returned to Ireland, where he preached against the pastoral privileges of the mendicant friars, particularly their role as confessors. This resulted in the Dominican Bishop of Meath, William Andrew, charging Crumpe with heresy in 1385.
In 1391 Crumpe returned to Oxford, where he became reinvolved in controversy. He was brought before the King's Council and condemned by a commission including the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, in May 1392. Suspended once again, he returned to Ireland, where he recommenced his disputations against the friars. In 1401 the Pope prohibited him from preaching on the subject.

## Works

John Bale attributed the following works to him:
* Determinaciones scholasticae
* Contra religiosos mendicantes
* Contra objecta
# Coyame del Sotol Municipality

Coyame del Sotol is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is Coyame. The municipality covers an area of 7,877 km$^2$ (3,041 sq mi).
As of the 2010 census, the municipality had a total population of 1,681.
The municipality had 232 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

## Name

"Coyame" is the Apache toponym of a nearby arroyo. "Sotol" is the local name for Dasylirion wheeleri, a flowering desert plant, and for sotol, a distilled mezcal-like spirit made from it.

## Geography
### Towns and villages

The municipality has 46 localities. These are the largest:
| Village | 2010 census population |
| Total municipality | 1,681 |
| Coyame | 709 |
| San Pedro | 235 |
| La Paz de México | 184 |
| Cuchillo Parado | 124 |

## Adjacent municipalities

* Ojinaga Municipality – east
* Aldama Municipality – south, southwest
* Ahumada Municipality – northwest
* Guadalupe Municipality – north
# Arthur Schutt

Arthur Schutt (November 21, 1902 – January 28, 1965) was an American jazz pianist and arranger.
Schutt was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, United States, and learned piano from his father. He accompanied silent films as a teenager in the 1910 and was playing in a movie palace in 1918 when Paul Specht hired him to play in a band; he worked for Specht until 1924, including during a tour of Europe in 1923. He held positions with Roger Wolfe Kahn and Don Voorhees, and became a prolific studio pianist, recording with Fred Rich, Nat Shilkret, Frankie Trumbauer, Bix Beiderbecke, and the Charleston Chasers. From 1926-29 and again in 1931 he played with Red Nichols; he also recorded with Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey's orchestra (1928–31), and Benny Goodman. He recorded under his own name in 1929-30 as a bandleader.
Schutt receded from jazz in the 1930s, though he did play with Bud Freeman in 1939. He spent much of the 1940s and 1950s working in the Hollywood recording studios.
Schutt composed a jazz tune "Delirium" in 1927, which was widely recorded. In 1934, Schutt co-wrote "Georgia Jubilee" with Benny Goodman which, while a hit, was also recorded by Isham Jones's band. Schutt also composed the ragtime "piano novelty" piece "Bluin' the Black Keys", considered one of the most difficult traditional, period rags ever written.
Schutt died in San Francisco, California, in January 1965, at the age of 62.
# Taguag River

The Taguag River is a river in the United States territory of Guam.
# City Square Park Bandstand

The City Square Park Bandstand, at 100 S. 9th St. in Humboldt, Kansas, was built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
It is an octagonal bandstand with an asphalt roof and a spire, located at the center of City Square Park, a one-block park. Charles M. Smith designed the bandstand and John Nessel contracted to build it.
# Lawrence Brown

Lawrence Brown or Laurence Brown may refer to:
* Lawrence Benjamin Brown (1893–1972), American pianist, composer, and arranger of African-American folk songs
* Lawrence Brown (jazz trombonist) (1907–1988), American jazz trombonist
* Laurie Brown (bishop) (1907–1993), Bishop of Birmingham, 1969–1977
* Lawrence Michael Brown (born 1936), British material scientist
* Dobie Gray (Lawrence Darrow Brown, 1940–2011), American singer and songwriter
* Lawrence D. Brown (1940–2018), American professor of statistics at the University of Pennsylvania
* Lawrence G. Brown (born 1943), American professor of mathematics at Purdue University