OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Devon Record Offices

There are three local archives covering the historic county of Devon, England. The Devon Heritage Centre in Exeter is the main archive. It has a branch office, the North Devon Record Office in Barnstaple (established in 1988), which is the repository for records broadly relating to North Devon. Since 2014 the joint service has been run by the South West Heritage Trust under the name of the Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
In addition, there is The Box in Plymouth, a new museum, art gallery and archive for the South West which opened in September 2020. Alongside local archives from the former Plymouth and West Devon Record Office, The Box holds materials from the former South West Film & Television Archive, South West Image Bank and Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery.

## Devon Heritage Centre

The Devon Heritage Centre (DHC) is the successor to the Devon Record Office (DRO) that was established by Devon County Council in 1952. The DRO incorporated the Exeter City Record Office that had collected Devon's records since 1946, when it took over from the Exeter City Library, which had collected documents since the early 20th century. In 2005 the DRO moved into a specially-constructed building at Great Moor House, Sowton Business Park, Exeter. A restructuring of services led to the creation of the Devon Heritage Service in November 2011 with the aim of integrating the collections of the DRO and the Westcountry Studies Library, and from autumn 2012 the Westcountry Studies Library that had been housed in Exeter city centre, moved into Great Moor House which was renamed the Devon Heritage Centre. On 1 November 2014 Devon Heritage Services was transferred from the County Council to the management of the South West Heritage Trust (an independent charity, which also runs Somerset Archives and Local Studies), and was rebranded as the Devon Archives and Local Studies Service.
Among the holdings of the DHC are the complete records of the Devon Quarter Sessions courts from 1592 until their abolition in 1971; this is the earliest uninterrupted series of such records in the country. Other holdings include the records of the city of Exeter from c.1100; the records of the Diocese of Exeter (which included Cornwall until 1875) from the 13th century; Anglican church records for the whole of Devon from the 16th century; and the records of many of the major Devon families. Also housed at the DHC is the National Meteorological Archive which includes daily weather reports for the United Kingdom from 1869 and many earlier documents.
# Korean spears

Over time, various types of Korean spears have developed and evolved. The designs are similar to those of spears found elsewhere in Asia and the world, as much due to a process of convergent evolution as to external influence.

## Types of Korean spears

* Jangchang: This long spear was usually about 10 ft (3.0 m) in length with a 4 in (100 mm) blade on the end. It was used for throwing or just plowing through the enemy with long reach.
* Jukjangchang: This spear was longer, about 20 ft (6.1 m), and was made of bamboo. It was used for even greater distances than the regular jangchang. Although they weren't always quick, they were used in groups to keep many enemies at a distance. (see also pike)
* Gichang: This type of spear was about 7 ft (2.1 m) long and had a flag near the end to distract enemies. The blade was larger than the jukjangchang.
* Dangpa: The main advantage of the Dangpa was that the user could attack someone from a longer distance, was effective against medium swords, a good anti-cavalry weapon, and the ability to strike with heavy damage. The disadvantages were that, like most spears, the Dangpa was not as fast as a skilled swordsman, could not be thrown, and was heavier than other spears. (see also Trident)
* Nangseon: This was a multiple-tipped bamboo spear. It was about 25 ft (7.6 m) long and has many other tips and blades branching from it. About half of it was blades and the other half was just the handle of the spear. It was designed to deceive enemies into thinking it was a tree. The blades were steel and often poisoned, so that the slightest cut would mortally wound the opponent.
* Galgorichang: This was a hook spear that was used as an anti-cavalry weapon. It was about 3 yd (2.7 m) long and it had a hook like blade on the side of it; somewhat like a scythe, but with a shorter blade. (see also Guisarme)
* Topjang: This was a spear that had a blade with a flat top and saw teeth. "Topjang" literally means 'Saw Spear'.
* Neolbjakchang: Literally means 'wide spear'. This spear was called the wide spear because of its wide blade. The cutting edges weren't on the sides, nor was it a stabbing weapon. It was meant to cut with the top portion of the metal. It was rounded on top and sharpened with precision. The blade faced the opponent when being used. (see also Monk's Spade)
* Dajichang: This spear had 2-4 heads and was used only for thrusting.
* Sabarichang: This spear had 3 tips but they were in a tripod formation.
* Yangjimochang: This spear had a long blade and with a large sword-guard. It was used to trap swords in their defense.
* Dongyemochang: This spear was the largest spear ever made in Korea. It was about 9 yd (8.2 m) long. It is questioned if there were at least 2-3 people using it at once or if it was used by one great man. The translation literally is 'Very Long and Great Spear'.
# Valdemar III, Duke of Schleswig

Valdemar III Abelsøn (died 1257) was Duke of Schleswig from 1253 until his death in 1257. He was the eldest son of King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and Matilda of Holstein.

## Life

At the time of his father's death in 1252, Valdemar was being held prisoner in the Archbishopric of Cologne, the hostage of the Prince-Archbishop. Thus unable to claim the throne of Denmark, his father's younger brother Christopher I was elected king.
However, his mother's relatives, the counts of Holstein were able to obtain his release and supported his claim to the Duchy of Schleswig. In 1253 Christopher I had to relinquish his opposition and created him Duke.
The following years Valdemar spent fighting his uncle, King Christopher. Valdemar died in 1257. He was succeeded as duke by his younger brother, Eric I.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Valdemar III, Duke of Schleswig :
# Beamsley Hospital

Beamsley Hospital is an Almshouse building at Beamsley, near Skipton in North Yorkshire, and founded in 1593 by the Lady Margaret Russell, the Countess of Cumberland. She had originally intended for the construction of accommodation for 13 poor widows, a Mother and 12 Sisters, but by her death in 1616 only the hospital and chapel building had been completed. Her daughter, Lady Anne Clifford, added the front range which provided accommodation for local widows of little means.
The north range hospital and chapel building is circular in plan and is constructed as two stone drums, one inside the other, the inner drum rises through the roof of the main building, and contains windows that provides daylight into a chapel that lies within the heart of the building. Around the perimeter there was originally accommodation for a Mother and six Sisters. The nearby south range almhouses block is built in two storeys with a seven bay frontage with three one storey units at one end.
The buildings remained in use until the 1970s, after which point the Hospital Trustees passed the property to the Landmark Trust in 1983, which has restored and preserved the buildings and made them available as historical holiday accommodation.
The north wing of the complex is Grade I listed and the south wing listed Grade II*.
# Erethistoides infuscatus

Erethistoides infuscatus is a species of South Asian river catfish native to India and Bangladesh where it is found in the drainages of the Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers. This species grows to a length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) SL.
# Drenovac, Šabac

Drenovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Дреновац) is a village in the municipality of Šabac, Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the village has a population of 1,576 people.
# Ajax (missionary)

Ajax was an Arian missionary to the pagan Suevi of Galicia who converted them to Christianity in 464 or 466.
Due in part to his unusual Homeric name his origins have been debated. The contemporary chronicler Hydatius, the Catholic bishop of Aquae Flaviae, refers to him as Aiax natione Galata. "Galata" may refer to either a Galician, Gaul, or Galatian. It is doubtful that he was the first, since Hydatius would have called him Gallaeci. It is sometimes assumed that "Galata" is a way to refer to a Greek from the East (i.e. Galatia). On the other hand, the term may mean that he was Celtic, either Gaulish or Galatian. This usage of "Galata" for a Celt may be expected in Hydatius, who had travelled to the East as a child, for it was a Greek norm.
Ajax was sent by Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths at Toulouse, to convert the Suevi to Arianism. The barbarian Arians showed a markedly greater missionary fervour than the Catholics in the fifth century. Theodoric's action may have been a result of the reopening of Suevo-Gothic diplomacy under the Suevic king Remismund, who married a Gothic princess and became a "son in arms" of Theodoric. He may have been sent at Remismund's request.
According to Hydatius, Ajax was "the enemy of the Catholic faith and of the Divine Trinity" (hostis catholicae fidei et divinae trinitatis), a statement which later Isidore of Seville interpreted to mean that the Suevi were Catholics when Ajax converted them to heresy. Hydatius also calls Ajax effectus apostata, meaning an apostate from Catholicism. Ajax was also a senior Arrianus inter Suevos, which may refer either to a bishop or a priest, or may not. It may mean either "senior Arian" or "Arian senior", and may refer to a layman or a member of the Gothic sacerdotal college; in Catholic usage it could mean presbyter.
Ajax's missionary venture was largely successful, especially amongst the nobility. He may well not have been the only Arian missionary sent to Galicia by the Visigoths; though he seems to have organised an influential church there.
# Incertae sedis (Lymantriinae)

Several genera of tussock moths in the family Erebidae are placed in incertae sedis (of uncertain position) because their relationships to tribes within the subfamily Lymantriinae are unclear.

## Genera

The following genera of the Lymantriinae are not assigned to a tribe. This list may be incomplete.
* Birnara
* Parapellucens
* Parvaroa
* Pseudarctia
* Tamsita
# Erigeron hessii

Erigeron hessii is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Hess' fleabane. It is endemic to New Mexico in the United States, where it is known from two locations in the Mogollon Mountains. It is found only in the Gila Wilderness.
This rhizomatous perennial herb produces hairy stems a few centimeters tall. The leaves are somewhat lance-shaped and up to 5 to 7 centimeters long. The flower heads are lined with hairy, glandular phyllaries and contain many white or lavender ray florets each up to 1.3 centimeters long.
This plant grows in subalpine forest and grassland habitat in crevices in rock outcrops. There are only two occurrences, both near Whitewater Baldy in the Mogollon Mountains. There are a few hundred plants in each of the two populations.
# The Poe Shadow

The Poe Shadow is a novel by Matthew Pearl, first published by Random House in 2006. It tells the story of one young lawyer's quest to solve the mystery of Edgar Allan Poe's death in 1849. It is a work of historical and literary fiction, where some previously unpublished details about the last days of Poe are conveyed through the thoughts and the actions of the main character, along with the generally shared ideas on Poe's death as of the publication date.

## Plot summary

Baltimore lawyer Quentin Hobson Clark witnesses the somber, simple funeral of Edgar Allan Poe on October 8, 1849. He had previously corresponded with Poe about providing legal support for a new publication, The Stylus. Clark feels obliged to look into the mysterious circumstances surrounding Poe's death, despite protests from his fiancée Hattie Blum and his friend Peter Stuart.
Clark's journey takes him to Paris to seek out the real-life inspiration for Poe's character C. Auguste Dupin, a man of intellect who could help unravel the mystery. After eliminating several possibilities, he meets Baron C.A. Dupin, a famous lawyer, and a detective with a similar name, Auguste Duponte. After a confrontation with the Baron Dupin and his female aide, Bonjour, Clark realizes that the Baron is not the character described in Poe's stories. He determines that Auguste Duponte, with his approach to problem-solving through ratiocination, was the real inspiration for the character.
Clark and Duponte return to Baltimore to investigate Poe's final days, only to find that the Baron and Bonjour are already doing the same. Both parties interview the funeral attendants and witnesses, and try to obtain Poe's final letter, discovered by funeral attendant Henry Reynolds.
# Dewoitine D.19

The Dewoitine D.19 was a fighter aircraft built in France in 1925 in response to a French Air Force solicitation.

## Design and development

A development of the D.1, the D.19 shared the D.1's parasol-wing configuration, but featured an all-new wing of increased span, and had double the engine power. Although rejected by the French Air Force, a demonstration for the Swiss government in August 1925 led to an order for three aircraft. An additional example was sold to Belgium, incorporating the same changes requested by the Swiss. These included a change in the wing (changing back to become more similar to the D.1), and the replacement of the Lamblin radiators with a more conventional frontal radiator.

## Operational history

While the first Swiss D.19 was entirely constructed by Dewoitine in France, the remaining two aircraft were supplied to be assembled by the Swiss factory EKW. The aircraft were used for many years by the Swiss Fliegertruppe as trainers for fighter pilots, remaining in service until 1940. All three participated in the international aviation meet at Dübendorf in 1927, with one of the D.19s winning the closed-circuit race.

## Operators
### Belgium

* Belgian Air Force

### Switzerland

* Swiss Air Force

### Czechoslovakia

* Civil registration L-BYSA

## Specifications (D.19 C.1)

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928, Aviafrance:Dewoitine D.19
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.87 m (25 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 10.8 m (35 ft 5 in)
* Height: 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 20 m$^2$ (220 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 964 kg (2,125 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,300 kg (2,866 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 156 kg (344 lb) (ca. 109 L (29 US gal; 24 imp gal))
* Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 12Jb V-12 water-cooled piston engine, 300 kW (400 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden fixed pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 265 km/h (165 mph, 143 kn) at sea level
                   262 km/h (163 mph; 141 kn) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
                   259 km/h (161 mph; 140 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
                   256 km/h (159 mph; 138 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
                   250 km/h (160 mph; 130 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
* Range: 400 km (250 mi, 220 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 8,500 m (27,900 ft)
* Rate of climb: 7.3 m/s (1,440 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 65 kg/m$^2$ (13 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.288 kW/kg (0.175 hp/lb)
Armament
* Guns: 2 × fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (0.30 in) Vickers machine guns
# Kotezi, Trebinje

Kotezi (Serbian Cyrillic: Котези) is a village in the municipality of Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# V100

V100 may refer to:

## Radio stations

* KDVV V100, in Topeka, Kansas, US
* WKKV-FM, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US
* WVAF, in Charleston, West Virginia, US

## Technology

* Lenovo 3000 V100, a computer designed by Lenovo Group
* Motorola V100, a phone by Motorola
* Nvidia V100, a Volta GPU
* Sun Fire V100, a Sun Fire computer by Sun Microsystems

## Transportation and military

* Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando, an American armored car used widely in the Vietnam War
* DB Class V 100, a West German class of diesel locomotive
* DR Class V 100, an East German class of diesel locomotive
* Kamov V-100, a projected twin-rotor compound helicopter combat aircraft from Kamov
* Vought V-100, an attempt to produce an export version of the Vought O2U/O3U observation aircraft
* SMS V 100, a B 97-class destroyer (1914–15), a World War I era German navy destroyer

## Other uses

* AdvoCare V100 Bowl (disambiguation), a series of bowl games sponsored by AdvoCare
* ESP LTD V-100, a guitar manufactured by ESP
# Communicative dynamism

In linguistics, Communicative Dynamism (CD) is one of the key notions of the theory of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP), developed mainly by Jan Firbas and his followers in the Prague School of Linguistics.
CD is canonically described as "a phenomenon constantly displayed by linguistic elements in the act of communication. It is an inherent quality of communication and manifests itself in constant development towards the attainment of a communicative goal; in other words, towards the fulfilment of a communicative purpose."
Extensive research in FSP has established that Communicative Dynamism is a matter of degree:
   "Entering into the flow of communication, the meaning conveyed by a linguistic element acquires the character of information and participates in the development of the communication and in the fulfilment of the communicative purpose. If unhampered by other factors, linear modification produces the following effect. The closer to the end of the sentence an element comes to stand, the greater the extent to which it contributes towards the development and completion of the communication. Whereas the element occurring finally contributes most to this development, the element occurring initially contributes least to it. Elements occurring neither at the beginning nor at the end rank between the two. In this way, the element occurring finally proves to be the most dynamic element within the sentence, for it completes the development of the communication; it is the element towards which the communication is perspectived. The element occurring initially is the least dynamic. The other elements rank between them. In regard to the dynamics of the communication, all elements display different degrees of communicative dynamism (CD)."
The notion of Communicative Dynamism was introduced into linguistics by Jan Firbas in 1956 in a study called Poznámky k problematice anglického slovního pořádku s hlediska aktuálního členění větného [Some notes on the problem of English word order from the point of view of functional sentence perspective]. Today, the term is firmly established in major academic grammars, as well as in general reference works on language and linguistics:
* "Communicative dynamism refers to the variation of communicative value as between different parts of an utterance."
* "communicative dynamism: variation in the importance or prominence of different parts of an utterance in conveying communication."
# Erethistoides ascita

Erethistoides ascita is a species of South Asian river catfish endemic to Nepal where it is found in the Mechi and Kosi River systems, Ganges drainage and in rivers of lowland plains of southeastern Nepal. This species grows to a length of 3.67 centimetres (1.44 in) SL.
# Duc de Châtillon

Duc de Châtillon was a French noble title.

## Châtillon-sur-Loing

The first creation, in 1643, was for Gaspard III de Coligny, a Marshal of France, who was also known as duc de Coligny. The title referred to Châtillon-sur-Loing, a possession of the House of Coligny. He was also to have been made a peer of France at the same time, but the letters patent were never registered. His son Gaspard IV also bore the title, and died in 1649.
The dukedom was recreated in 1696 for Paul-Sigismond de Montmorency-Luxembourg, son of François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg. He had inherited the lordship of Châtillon from his aunt Angelique-Elisabeth de Montmorency, widow of the last duc de Châtillon. In 1713 he ceded the dukedom to his son, Charles-Paul-Sigismond, who received a brevet to be styled duc d'Olonne as his father retained the Châtillon title, though not the lands. In 1735 he in turn ceded the dukedom to his son Charles-Anne-Sigismond, who received a similar brevet as duc d'Olonne. On his death in 1777 he was succeeded by his son, Anne-Charles-Sigismond, who had previously inherited the duchy-peerage of Piney-Luxembourg. Both titles became extinct on the death of Charles-Emmanuel-Sigismond, duc de Montmorency-Luxembourg, in 1861.

## Châtillon-sur-Sèvre

Another creation, on 1 March 1736, referred not to Châtillon-sur-Loing but to Châtillon-sur-Sèvre. The grantee, who was also made a peer, was (Charles-)Alexis-Madeleine-Rosalie de Châtillon, a lieutenant-general in the army and governor of the Dauphin. The duchy-peerage became extinct on 15 November 1762 on the death of his son, Louis-Gaucher, who had served as Grand Falconer of France.
# Hypercodia

Hypercodia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1910.

## Species

* Hypercodia disparilis (Walker, 1863) Peninsular Malaysa, Borneo
* Hypercodia rubritincta Wileman & South, 1916 Taiwan
* Hypercodia umbrimedia (Hampson, 1918) India (Meghalaya)
* Hypercodia wheeleri Pinhey, 1968 Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa
# Integrated Project Support Environment

The Integrated Project Support Environment (IPSE) is a set of management and technical tools to support software development, usually integrated in a coherent framework, equivalent to a Software Engineering Environment.
Influential IPSE research was done in the IPSE2.5 project, part of the Alvey programme. The name IPSE2.5 is due directly to the identification in the Alvey programme of three generations of IPSEs. The IPSE2.5 project lay somewhere between the second generation (characterised by the use of databases to support the core) and the third generation (characterised by the use of expert systems techniques). IPSE2.5 is credited with defining early versions of the Role and Interaction concepts later used in human interaction management.
# Distraction Pieces

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| BBC | (favorable) |
| Drowned in Sound | (5/10) |
| MusicOMH | (unfavorable) |
Distraction Pieces is the second solo album by Scroobius Pip, released on 19 September 2011. It entered and peaked at No. 35 on the UK albums chart.