OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adam Gifford, Lord Gifford

Adam Gifford, Lord Gifford FRSE (/ˈɡɪfərd/; 29 February 1820 Edinburgh – 20 January 1887) was a Scottish advocate and judge. He was the founder of the Gifford Lectures.

## Life

Gifford was born in Edinburgh on 29 February 1820 to Katherine Ann (née West) (1786–1873) and James Gifford (1780–1862), an affluent grocer and Treasurer of the Merchant Company of Edinburgh. His twin brother was John Gifford (1820–1895). His childhood home was at 22 Union Place in the east end of the New Town.
He went to school at Edinburgh Institution (now known as Stewart's Melville) and in 1835 was apprenticed to be a solicitor with his uncle, Alexander Gifford SSC at 2 Hill Square on the south side of the city. He then studied law at the University of Edinburgh and was called to the bar as an advocate in 1849.
He was a Radical in politics, and expected no appointment from Government, until he was made an advocate depute in 1861, under Palmerston. He prosecuted cases for the Crown including Jessie McLauchlan in the 1863 Sandyford murder case. He was appointed Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland in 1865, but delegated his duties to a resident sheriff-substitute and continued his private practice as an advocate.
In 1870 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer was Sir Charles Neaves. At this stage in his life he lived at 4 Lower Joppa with his brother John on the eastern coastline of the city.
His lucrative private practice as an advocate made him a fortune, which he bequeathed towards the endowment of the four Gifford Lectureships on natural theology in connection with each of the four universities in Scotland then extant (Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews); he was a man of a philosophical turn of mind, and a student of the works of Spinoza. He held office as a judge from 1870 to 1881, despite symptoms of paralysis from 1872 onwards. On his resignation, due to ill-health, he was replaced by Patrick Fraser thereafter known as Lord Fraser.
He died at his home, Granton House in Granton, Edinburgh on 20 January 1887 and is buried in Old Calton Cemetery with his parents.

## Family

In 1863 he married Margaret Elliot Pott (1842–1868), 22 years his junior. They had one son, Herbert James Gifford FRSE (born 1864) who became a civil engineer. Margaret died aged 26 (probably in childbirth).
He was the uncle of Sir Walter Raleigh (1861–1922), the professor of English at the University of Glasgow.
# Buchanan Valley

Buchanan Valley may refer to:
* Buchanan Valley in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA
* Buchanan Valley Township, Emmons County, North Dakota, in the USA.
* Buchanan Valley, between Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and Chambersburg, in the state of Pennsylvania, USA. It was the site of the kidnap of Mary Jemison in the 18th century.
* Buchanan Valley, an area of Pine Valley in Halfway, Baker City, Idaho, in the USA.
# All Saints Church, West Farleigh

All Saints is a parish church in West Farleigh, Kent. It was begun in the 11th century and is a Grade I listed building.

## Building

The church was begun in the late 11th century or the 12th century with further work carried out in the 15th century. The church was restored in 1875 and is constructed of roughly coursed or uncoursed rag-stone with pebbledashed render to the nave and chancel. The roofs are plain tiled. It is a Grade I listed building.
The nave and chancel are the oldest parts of the church. The north side of the nave has two 15th-century two-lighted windows and a small window below the eaves. The south side has a wide lancet window at the east end and a larger 19th century two-lighted traceried in the middle of the façade. Attached to the south side of the nave is a glazed timber porch with a pitched roof added in the 19th century. The inner doorway to the nave is 15th century. The chancel has two-lighted traceried windows to the north and south and three small round-headed windows in the east wall. Attached to the south side is a 19th-century organ chamber. The 15th century west tower is in two stages on a stone plinth with a battlemented parapet above a moulded string. The three outward facing sides contain a single trefoil-headed belfry opening. A taller stair turret, with battlements and gargoyles, is attached to the north-east corner.
Internally, the arches between nave and chancel and between nave and tower are round-headed and rest on tufa columns. The nave and chancel roofs are of common rafters with three moulded and braced tie beams to the nave and plain and unbraced tie beam to the chancel. Piscina are located in the south-east corner of the nave and the below the south window of the chancel. The 17th-century font is octagonal and made of Bethersden marble. An 18th century pew contains a frieze of pierced panels.
The church contains memorials to Edward Lawrence (d. 1605), Augustine Skynner (d. 1672), Jane Brewer (d. 1676), Jane Brewer (d. 1716), Edward Goulstone (d. 1720), Elizabeth Kirby (d. 1748) and John Davis (d. 1776). The churchyard contains a number of Grade II listed monuments.
# Barlow's disease

Barlow's disease may refer to
* Infantile scurvy (named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945)), who showed that the infantile scurvy is the same disease as adult scurvy.
* Mitral valve prolapse (named after Dr. John Brereton Barlow (1924-2008)), who first described it in 1966.
# Barlovci

Barlovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Барловци) is a village in the municipality of Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

Ethnic groups in the village include:
* 677 Serbs (95.22%)
* 20 Croats (2.81%)
* 14 Others (1.97%)
# Pokemouche Airport

Pokemouche Airport (TC LID: CDA4) is located in Village-Blanchard, 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) north of Pokemouche, New Brunswick, Canada.
# Pokennips

Pokennips is a monotypic genus of African araneomorph spiders in the family Cyatholipidae containing the single species, Pokennips dentipes. It was first described by C. E. Griswold in 2001, and has only been found in South Africa.
# Baron O'Brien

The title of Baron O'Brien has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Ireland and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

## Baron O'Brien, of Burren in the County of Clare (1654)

The first creation was on 21 October 1654, when Murrough O'Brien, 6th Baron Inchiquin, was created Baron O'Brien and Earl of Inchiquin. The barony and earldom became extinct on the death of James O'Brien, 3rd Marquess of Thomond on 3 July 1855.

## Baron O'Brien, of Kilfenora in the County of Clare (1900)

The second creation was on 16 June 1900, when Sir Peter O'Brien was created Baron O'Brien. The title became extinct on his death on 7 September 1914.
# Bulbophyllum toranum

Bulbophyllum toranum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Bulbophyllum tortum

Bulbophyllum tortum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Barbarea verna

Barbarea verna is a biennial herb in the family Brassicaceae. Common names include land cress, American cress, bank cress, black wood cress, Belle Isle cress, Bermuda cress, poor man's cabbage, early yellowrocket, early wintercress, scurvy cress, creasy greens, and upland cress. It is native to southern Europe and western Asia, and naturalized elsewhere It has been cultivated as a leaf vegetable in England since the 17th century. As it requires less water than watercress, it is easier to cultivate.

## Description

Annual or biennial, winter green, herbaceous plant in the Brassicaceae. The seeds typically germinate in the autumn to form an over-wintering rosette. The following spring, it grows a main stem up to about 90 cm, sometimes up to 130 cm, which is pale green, groovy (sulcate) and occasionally branched. The leaves are alternate and pinnate with clasping auricles at the base and between 4 and 11 pairs of sub-opposite lobes. The upper leaves have much narrower lobes than those found lower down. The whole plant is almost entirely glabrous.
The flowers appear in early spring. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme, or lateral raceme arising from the leaf axils, with 6 to 25 flowers on short 3-8mm pedicels. There are four yellowy green sepals, 5mm long and four bright yellow petals each 8mm long. Six stamens and one style with a capitate stigma at the tip.

## Uses

Land cress is considered a satisfactory substitute for watercress. It can be used in sandwiches, or salads, or cooked like spinach, or used in soup.
Land cress can be grown easily in any garden. Like watercress, it loves water, but does not do well when partially submerged for long periods of time. This plant needs full sun or partial shade and moist or poorly drained soil. It is a common green in Appalachian cuisine as one of few plants that can overwinter in the mountains.
Other common names include dryland cress, cassabully, and American watercress. When cooked similarly to Southern collard greens the leaves may be called creasy greens. A variegated form is available.
# Buki Shiff

Buki Shiff is an Israeli opera and theatre costume and set designer.
Buki Shiff was born in Tel Aviv, Israel.
In 2008, she made her debut with The Royal Opera, designing costumes for La Calisto, directed by David Alden.
Shiff won Best Costume Designer at the 2013 International Opera Awards, Best Stage and Costume Designer at the 2006 Israeli Theater Awards, and the 2008 Rosenblum Award for Artist of the Year.
Shiff is based in Tel Aviv.
# Bare Point water treatment plant

The Bare Point Water Treatment Plant is the primary water filtration plant in the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, drawing 113.6 million litres (25 million gallons) from Lake Superior per day. The plant uses a Zeeweed 1000 Version 3 Ultra-Filtration system, the first of its kind in the world, which reduces the need for harmful chemicals. The Zeeweed system uses long thin straws that suck up water then force it through the small holes of a membrane to filter out particles.
The Bare Point plant is located on the shore of Thunder Bay, at the northeastern corner of Thunder Bay's city limits, accessible off Lakeshore Drive. It was first constructed in 1903 and expanded in 1978 and again in 2007 to its current capacity. The plant's treatment method uses pre-chlorination, then coagulation-flocculation followed by membrane ultrafiltration and post chlorine disinfection.
# Bulbophyllum catenulatum

Bulbophyllum catenulatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Bulki

Bulki is a town in southern Ethiopia. It sits on a narrow ridge, high above the town of Sawla, in the Gofa Zone of the South Ethiopia Regional State. It is the administrative center of Geze Gofa woreda.

## Population

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Bulki has an estimated total population of 5,878 of whom 2,820 were males and 3,058 were females. The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 3,096 of whom 1,491 were males and 1,605 were females.

## History

Bulki was the capital of Gamu-Gofa from around 1928, replacing Berza. During the Italian occupation, the town reportedly was the home of the local official Italian representative, and equipped with a post office, a clinic and a Roman Catholic mission. The Ethiopian government continued postal service after the Italians were defeated.
# Bulkie roll

A bulkie roll or bulkie is a New England regional variety of sandwich roll. Sandwiches made with bulkie rolls are common in area delicatessens, restaurants, and institutional food services. Bulkie rolls are larger and firmer than hamburger buns. The crust is usually slightly crisp or crunchy, but bulkie rolls are not hard rolls. The bread within the roll is similar to ordinary white bread, with a texture that is neither very chewy nor very fluffy, without any yellow color or egg taste, and not noticeably sweet. They are either plain or topped with poppy seeds.
They are similar to and sometimes equated with kaiser rolls, but kaiser rolls are noticeably sweeter.

## History

Lee Shai Weissbach writes of a Jewish grocery store in Manchester, New Hampshire, before World War II, whose owner was "affectionately remembered for 'the barrel of pickles and the hefty corned-beef sandwiches on bulkie rolls that he dispensed.'"

### Etymology

"Bulke" or "Bilke" (בולקע/בילקע; transliterated bʊlkɛ/bɪlkɛ) is the Yiddish language word for a small roll made with fine wheat flour kneaded with eggs. It may be derived from a Polish word for roll ("bułka"): before the Holocaust, very many Jews lived in Poland; and about 15% of Yiddish words are from Slavic languages, including Polish.
# Bréhal (surname)

Bréhal is a French surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Jean Bréhal, French inquisitor-general who led the effort to rehabilitate Joan of Arc
* Nicolas Bréhal (1952–1999), French novelist and literary critic
# Adolphe-Marie Gubler

Adolphe-Marie Gubler (5 April 1821 – 20 April 1879) was a French physician and pharmacologist born in Metz.
Originally a student of botany, he began his medical studies in 1841 at Paris, where he was a pupil of Armand Trousseau (1801–1867). In 1845 he became an interne des hôpitaux, earning his doctorate in 1849. Afterwards he worked as a physician at the Hôpital Beaujon, and in 1853 earned his agrégation with a thesis on cirrhosis of the liver. In 1868 he was appointed professor of therapy to the medical faculty in Paris, maintaining this position until his death in 1879.
Gubler made a number of contributions in the fields of medicine and pharmacology. He is credited with being the first physician to differentiate between hematogenous and hepatogenous icterus. His name is associated with "Millard–Gubler syndrome", a condition characterized by softening of brain tissue that is caused by blockage of blood vessels of the pons. The disease is named in conjunction with Auguste Louis Jules Millard (1830–1915), who initially described the disorder in 1855. The eponymous "Gubler's line" is a line of superficial origin of the trigeminal nerve on the pons, a lesion below which results in the aforementioned Millard–Gubler syndrome.
He was the author of many works on botany, clinical medicine, physiology and pharmacology, with several articles on the latter subject being published in the "Journal de thérapeutique". Among his better written efforts was an 1856 treatise on hemiplegia titled De l'hémiplégie alterne envisagée comme signe de lésion de la protubérance annulaire et comme preuve de la décussation des nerfs faciaux, and a major publication involving pharmacopoeia called Commentaires thérapeutiques du codex medicamentarius, a book that was awarded the "Chaussier Prize" (Prix Chaussier, named after anatomist François Chaussier) by the Académie des sciences.
Gubler was a founding member of the Société de biologie, and in 1865 became a member of the Académie de médecine.
While still an interne, he was asked by Dr. Trousseau to serve as a traveling companion to a young man suffering from emotional distress. While in Milan, Gubler was seriously wounded by a gunshot from his companion, forcing him to spend a year recuperating in Milan.
# Bulbophyllum mahakamense

Bulbophyllum mahakamense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Bargate, Derbyshire

Bargate is a hamlet in Derbyshire, England. It is a linear settlement as it has only one main road running through it: Belper Road which becomes Sandbed Lane (at the top Bargate Road) runs from Holbrook to Openwoodgate. Bargate Road runs down to Belper from the junction of Belper road and Sandbed Lane. Other roads include Highwood Avenue, Blackbird Row, The Croft and Bargate View, which is a development completed in 2008 with around 25 houses on the east side of Sandbed Lane. There is one pub in Bargate, The White Hart, which serves a range of real ales. There used to be a post office, a general store, a butcher, a hairdresser and a pet shop but these no longer exist. There also used to be a small grocery shop which doubled as a chip shop in the evenings. The nearest primary school is in Holbrook and the nearest secondary school is in Belper. Bargate is served by a bus service that runs to Derby every hour. The nearest train station is about 2 miles away in Belper.
# Barrio Bancario

Barrio Bancario is a municipality in Catamarca Province in northwestern Argentina. It is located within the Greater San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca area.
# Baritius haemorrhoides

Baritius haemorrhoides is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1905. It is found in French Guiana.
# Buchon

Buchon may refer to:
* Buchón or Hispano Aviación HA-1112-M1L
* Bucheon or Buchon, a city in South Korea
* Mount Buchon a mountain range in San Luis Obispo County, California
People:
* Jean Alexandre Buchon (1791 - 1849), French scholar
* Claude Buchon (born 1949), French cyclist
# Buchnerodendron

Buchnerodendron is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Achariaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa.
Species:
* Buchnerodendron lasiocalyx (Oliv.) Gilg
* Buchnerodendron speciosum Gürke
# Barhi subdivision

Barhi subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Hazaribagh district in the North Chotanagpur division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

## History

Barhi was once a subdivisional town (up to 1872).

## Administrative set up

Hazaribagh district is divided in to two subdivisions – Hazaribagh Sadar and Barhi. There are 16 CD blocks and 15 revenue anchals with 1 statutory town, 16 census towns, 1308 villages and 257 gram panchayats in the district.
Details of the subdivision are as follows:
| Subdivision | Headquarters | Area km$^2$ | Population (2011) | Rural population % (2011) | Urban population % (2011) |
| Hazaribagh Sadar | Hazaribagh | 2,903.26 | 1,210,661 | 91.12 | 7.66 |
| Barhi | Barhi | 1,404.53 | 523,834 | 95.13 | 4.87 |
Note: Data calculated on the basis of census data for CD blocks and may vary a little against unpublished official data.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India data, Barhi subdivision, in Hazaribagh district, had a total population of 523,834. There were 267,645 (51%) males and 257,189 (49%) females. Scheduled castes numbered 97,542 (18.62%) and scheduled tribes numbered 16,692 (3.19%). The literacy rate was 67.00% (for the population below 6 years).

## Police stations

Police stations in Hazaribagh Sadar subdivision are at:
* Barhi
* Barkatha
* Chauparan
* Gorhar

## Blocks

Community development blocks in the Barhi subdivision are:
| CD block | Headquarters | Area km$^2$ | Population (2011) | SC % | ST % | Literacy rate % | CT |
| Barhi | Barhi | 365.47 | 131,660 | 17.24 | 2.67 | 68.39 | Barhi, Konra |
| Barkatha | Barkatha | 281.05 | 122,269 | 12.89 | 6.09 | 61.44 | - |
| Chalkusha | Chalkusha | 149.10 | 52,068 | 13.87 | 1.51 | 67.13 | - |
| Chauparan | Chauparan | 482.37 | 161,814 | 25.91 | 2.53 | 69.41 | Chauparan |
| Padma | Padma | 126.54 | 56,014 | 17.72 | 1.50 | 68.90 | - |

## Education

In 2011, in the Barhi subdivision out of a total 490 inhabited villages there were 97 villages with pre-primary schools, 366 villages with primary schools, 185 villages with middle schools, 50 villages with secondary schools, 17 villages with senior secondary schools, 1 village with non-formal education centre, 4 villages with vocational training centres/ ITI, 115 villages with no educational facility .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

### Educational institutions

The following institution is located in Barhi subdivision:
* Ram Narayan Yadav Memorial College was established at Barhi in 1985.

## Healthcare

In 2011, in the Barhi subdivision there were 14 villages with primary health centres, 46 villages with primary health subcentres, 8 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 7 villages with allopathic hospitals, 13 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 2 villages with family welfare centres, and 37 villages with medicine shops. *Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

### Medical facilities

(Anybody having referenced information about location of government/ private medical facilities may please add it here)
# All-Star Squares

All-Star Squares is the Australian adaption of the American game show Hollywood Squares that aired on the Seven Network in 1999, hosted by Ian 'Danno' Rogerson. Like the American version, the object of the game was to get three stars in a row, either across, up-and-down or diagonally. The contestant in turn, chose a celebrity, to whom host Rogerson asked a question. After (usually) a joke answer, they gave a response, to which the contestant either agreed or disagreed. If correct in their judgement, they received their mark in that box; if wrong, their opponent got the square (unless it led to three in a row, in which case that player had to earn it him/herself).
Each of the first two games scored $250, the third game scored $500 and each game thereafter scored $1,000. The second game featured a "secret square" which awarded a special prize to the first player to choose that square and correctly judge the celebrity's answer. If neither player found that celebrity, the "secret square" would be moved to another celebrity in the next game. If time expired during a game, each player scored $250 per square. If the match ended in a tie, the winner of the most games decided who chose a square for the $250 tie-breaker. The player with the most cash kept their winnings and chose a celebrity, each of whom held an envelope concealing a card with the description of a major prize which the champion would win by correctly judging that celebrity's answer. Win or lose, the carryover champion returned on the following show to face another opponent.

## Previous versions

Prior to this there were two other versions that aired from the 1960s to the mid-1980s. Personality Squares originally aired on Network Ten from 1967 hosted by John Bailey, followed by Joe Martin then Bob Moore and ran until 1969. It was revived as Celebrity Squares on the Nine Network hosted by Jimmy Hannan from 1975 to 1976. The format was revived again in 1981 but the Personality Squares name was reused with Jimmy Hannan as host on Network Ten, which now owns format rights through Paramount's ownership. (King World acquired the format in 1991, which Paramount acquired in 2000.)