OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hertfordshire Rugby Football Union

The Hertfordshire Rugby Football Union is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in the county of Hertfordshire in England. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Hertfordshire, and administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county. It also administers the Hertfordshire county rugby representative teams.

## History

Although the Hertfordshire Rugby Football Union was formed in 1935 and there have been club sides based in the county since as the late 19th century, a senior representative side did not take part in the County Championships until as late as 1952. Two years later after their debut, the county was finally awarded constituent status by the RFU in 1954, allowing them to have a representative on the RFU committee. Over the years Hertfordshire has become an important member of the RFU and is currently one of the stronger sides in the men's County Championships.

## Hertfordshire senior men's county side

Hertfordshire senior men's county side currently play in the Bill Beaumont Division 1 South – the top level of the County Championships. They have reached several finals in the counties history, most recently in 2012 when they finished as winners after beating Lancashire 38–20 at Twickenham.
Honours:
* Bill Beaumont Cup winners: 2012

## Affiliated clubs

There are currently 29 clubs affiliated with the Hertfordshire RFU, most of which have teams at both senior and junior level. The majority of clubs are based in Hertfordshire, but there are also clubs from north-west London.
* Barnet Elizabethans
* Berkhamsted
* Bishop's Stortford
* Black Horse
* Cheshunt
* Chess Valley
* Cuffley
* Datchworth
* Fullerians
* Harpenden
* Hatfield Queen Elizabeth
* Hemel Hempstead
* Hertford
* Herts Fire & Rescue Service
* Hitchin
* Letchworth Garden City
* Old Albanian
* Royston
* St Albans
* Stevenage Town
* Tabard
* The Mount
* Tring
* University of Hertfordshire
* Verulamians
* Watford
* Welwyn
* West Herts College
* Weston

## County club competitions

The Hertfordshire RFU currently runs the following competitions for club sides based in Hertfordshire and occasionally, north-west London:

### Leagues

* Herts/Middlesex 1 (alongside Middlesex RFU) – league ranked at tier 9 of the English rugby union system for club sides based in Hertfordshire and the historic county of Middlesex (now London)
* Herts/Middlesex 2 – tier 10 league

### Cups

* Hertfordshire Presidents' Cup – founded in 1970, for club sides at tier 6 of the English rugby union system as well as 2nd teams for local clubs in higher divisions (tiers 3–5)
* Hertfordshire Presidents' Tankard – founded in 2010, for clubs at tiers 7–8
* Hertfordshire Presidents' Trophy – founded in 1999, for clubs at tiers 9–10

### Discontinued competitions

* Herts/Middlesex 3 - tier 11 league, discontinued in 2014
* Herts/Middlesex 4 - tier 12 league, discontinued in 2010
* Herts/Middlesex 5 - tier 13 league, discontinued in 1997
* Hertfordshire 1 - tier 8-10 league, discontinued in 1996
* Hertfordshire 2 - tier 9 league, discontinued in 1990
# Corticariinae

Corticariinae is a subfamily of beetles in the family Latridiidae, containing the following genera:
* Austrophthalma Dajoz, 1966
* Bicava Belon, 1884
* Corticaria Marsham, 1802
* Corticarina Reitter, 1881
* Corticaromus Tarun K. Pal & Shelley Ghosh, 2008
* Cortinicara Johnson, 1975
* Fuchsina Fall, 1899
* Melanophthalma Motschulsky, 1866
* Migneauxia Jacquelin du Val, 1859
* Paracaria Dajoz, 1970
* Rethusus Broun, 1886
# Costești, Buzău

Costești (Romanian pronunciation:) is a commune in the Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Budișteni, Costești, Gomoești, Groșani, Pietrosu, and Spătaru.

## Natives

* Ștefan Gușă
# Super Soul

Super Soul is an album by jazz organist Richard "Groove" Holmes fronting a big band which was recorded in 1967 in Chicago and released on the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic awarded the album 2 stars stating "Super Soul was a little funkier than much soul-jazz that had passed before 1967, and its horn parts sometimes slanted more toward pop and soundtrack territory... The album's a little on the innocuous side, even for a genre (Prestige 1960s soul-jazz) that can be pretty homogeneous. It's easygoing background party music, though Holmes summons an interesting light, prickly, almost vibes-like organ sound at times".

## Track listing

* "Why Don't You Do Right?" (Kansas Joe McCoy, Herb Morand) - 3:40
* "Ain't That Peculiar" (Pete Moore, Smokey Robinson, Marv Tarplin, Ronald White) - 3:20
* "In Between the Heartaches" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) - 3:20
* "Function at the Junction" (Eddie Holland, Fredrick Long) - 3:11
* "Green Dolphin Street" (Bronisław Kaper, Ned Washington) - 6:40
* "I Will Wait for You" (Michel Legrand, Jacques Demy) - 4:00
* "Back Home Again in Indiana" (Ballard MacDonald, James F. Hanley) - 5:08
* "Tennessee Waltz" (Redd Stewart, Pee Wee King) - 2:40
* "Bluesette" (Toots Thielemans) - 4:10
* "Super Soul" (Richard "Groove" Holmes) - 3:05

## Personnel

* Richard "Groove" Holmes - organ
* The Super Soul Big Band arranged and conducted by Richard Evans
# David Sneddon (disambiguation)

David Sneddon (born 1978) is a British pop artist.
David Sneddon may also refer to:
* David Louis Sneddon (born 1980, disappeared 2004), American university student allegedly abducted by North Korea
* Davie Sneddon (born 1936), Scottish football player
* Davie Sneddon, fictional character on Scottish soap opera Take the High Road
# Catch-all

A catch-all or catchall is a general term, or metaphoric dumping group, for a variety of similar words or meanings.
Catch-all may also refer to:
* Catch-all party, or big tent party
* Catch-all email filter
* Catch-all taxon, a grouping of organisms not fitting anywhere else
* Catchall, Cornwall, a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, UK
# Prangbung

Prangbung is a village development committee in Panchthar District in the Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4585.
# Surya Malla

Surya Malla was a king of the Malla dynasty and the second king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Ratna Malla and ruled from 1520 to 1530.

## Reign

According to the Bhāsāvamsävali and Padmagiri's Vamsävali, he captured Sankhu and made it his capital. In 1526, Mukunda Sen of Palpa attacked the entire Kathmandu valley and at one time had surrounded both Kantipur, and Patan.
Surya Malla died in 1530 and was succeeded by his son Amara Malla.
# Ctenotus eutaenius

Ctenotus eutaenius, commonly known as the black-backed yellow-lined ctenotus, is a species of skink found in Queensland in Australia.
# Hocaköy, Ulus

Hocaköy is a village in the Ulus District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 236 (2021).
# Dark on Fire

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Guardian | |
| NME | |
| The Sunday Times | |
| Pitchfork | 5.5/10 |
Dark on Fire is the fourth studio album by the British band Turin Brakes. The band spent 2006 writing and recording demo songs. These songs were tested live on a UK tour in November 2006. After this, Olly Knights and Gale Paridjanian teamed up with their live band and producer Ethan Johns to put the album together. The album was recorded in two different studios in London in early 2007. The band took a break from recording sessions late January because Gale's wife was expecting a baby, but in March 2007 the band finished the recording sessions.
The album was released on 17 September 2007 and entered the UK chart at #36. Special edition copies come with the 5-track bonus EP "Something Out Of Nothing."
The album was released to mostly generally favourable reviews although some reviewers found the new highly produced full-band sound to be disappointing. Others hailed the album as a return to the quality of 2001's The Optimist LP. Though the album sounds more glossy than previous efforts, it is in fact a mostly live recorded effort. This is significantly different from the previous albums. The band credit Ethan Johns with the idea for this approach. Playing the songs live to an audience helped shaping the songs as well.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Turin Brakes

## Singles

* "Stalker" (10 September 2007) – digital download and music video only
* "Something in My Eye" (13 January 2008) – digital download and music video only

## Personnel

* Rob Allum – drums, background vocals
* Phil Marten – keys
* Rachel Bolt – viola
* Hamish Brown – photography
* Alex Cowper – design
* Paul Wesley Griggs – photography
* Ethan Johns – drums, producer, engineer, string arrangements, mixing
* Paul Kegg – cello
* Olly Knights – guitar, vocals, string arrangements, photography
* Peter Lale – viola
* Perry Mason – violin
* Eddie Myer – bass, photography
* Gale Paridjanian – guitar, ukulele, background vocals, Mellotron, string arrangements, photography
* Fergus Peterkin – assistant engineer
* Anthony Pleeth – cello
* Turin Brakes – performer
* Tim Young – mastering
* Warren Zielinski – violin

## Charts

Chart performance for Dark on Fire :
| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 36 |
# Dark opal basil

Dark opal basil is a cultivar of Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil), developed by John Scarchuk and Joseph Lent at the University of Connecticut in the 1950s. With deep purple, sometimes mottled leaves, it is grown as much for its decorative appeal as for its culinary value. Dark opal basil was a 1962 winner of the All-American Selection award.
Like other purple basils, the purple color is from anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-3-(di-p-coumarylglucoside)-5-glucoside but also other cyanidin based and peonidin based compounds. 'Dark opal', along with other large leaved purple cultivars such as 'Purple Ruffles', has a high concentration of anthocyanins and is considered a potential source of red pigments for the food industry. The anthocyanin concentration is about 18 mg per 100 g fresh leaves, similar to Perilla frutescens, and greater than smaller leaved purple basils such as 'Purple bush' (at about 6 mg per 100 g).
# Harry L. Hansen

Harry L. Hansen (21 October 1911, New York City - 3 August 1992, Cambridge Massachusetts) was a pioneer of management education.
He studied at Haverford College in 1933, and continued on at Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration to earn his master's degree in 1935, and a doctorate in 1939.
In 1949 Hensen became a full professor at Harvard, and 1965 he was the inaugural Malcolm P. McNair Professor of Marketing. He stayed at Harvard until 1977.
After his years at Harvard, he took the position of dean of Institut pour l'Etude des Methodes de Direction de l'Entreprise in Lausanne, Switzerland until 1981, and then became a distinguished professor at Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa (IESE), in Barcelona, Spain.
In 1985 he received the Benjamin Franklin Medal of the Royal Society of Arts, and received Harvard's Distinguished Service Award, its highest honour.
# Squash South Africa

Squash South Africa is recognised as the South African national governing body of the sport of squash by SASCOC.
# Springfield Secondary School

Springfield Secondary School (SPF / SPFSS) is a co-educational government secondary school located in Tampines, Singapore. The school offers the GCE 'O' Level and 'N' Level courses for students from Secondary 1 to Secondary 4/5. It has about 980 students and 90 teachers.
Springfield has achieved the Sustained Achievement Award in Uniformed Groups twice in 2004 and 2005, as well as the Niche Programme status for rock-climbing in 2008. With the award, Springfield can admit up to 5% of their Secondary One intake through the Direct School Admission (DSA) exercise, in addition to receiving more funding. Springfield is also the first secondary school to have student climbers recognized and certified by the UIAA through a training course and expedition.

## General

In 1992, Springfield Secondary School's development got underway. Tampines West Secondary School was the name given to the institution, later that year on December 21, the name "Springfield" was formally accepted.
Springfield started functioning in 1993 with eight classes at Tampines Secondary School. It then moved to its present site in 1993 and was officially opened by Yatiman Yusof, Member of Parliament for Tampines GRC, on 15 September 1995.

## Sports climbing programme

Springfield Secondary School built a 15M high outdoor rockwall / climbing wall in 1995; it was one of the first outdoor rockwalls in a secondary school. The rockwall is also used by other education institutions, such as the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University and other external organisations.
The Springfield climbing program has produced more than seven national climbers. Springfield has won four National championships in the SAFRA National Sports Climbing Championships and successfully mounted a multi-peak expedition to the Himalayas in 2000 and 2008.
In the National Schools Sports Climbing Championship 2008, Springfield was overall school champion and the Asian Youth & National School Sport Climbing Championship from 23 to 25 November 2007. In the Asian Youth se, Springfield students were champion and runner-up in the Speed Category respectively. Springfielders won team championships in the first Speed Team Climbing category in the National School segment.

## Advanced elective modules

Springfield Secondary School was one of the first schools to offer Advanced Elective Modules (AEMs). The school will be collaborating with Temasek Polytechnic to offer elective modules.

## Principals

* Lo Sheu Min – 1993 to 1998
* Ng Gek Tiang – 1999 to 2004
* Tang-Chan Yueh Tarn – 2004 to 2012
* Jenny Ng-Loong – 2012 – 2017
* Mabel Leong - 2018–2022
* Eleanor Chia - 2023-present

## Co-curricular activities

Sports & Games
* Floorball
* Netball
* Outdoor Pursuit Club/Outdoor Pursuit Club (Rock-Climbing)
* Soccer
* Taekwondo
* badminton
Uniformed Groups
* Boys' Brigade
* Girls' Brigade
* National Cadet Corps (Land Unit and Sea Unit)
* National Police Cadet Corps
Performing Arts
* Display/Concert band
* Drama Club
* Gu Zheng Ensemble
* Dance Group
Leadership Skills
* Student Council
# Darius Koski

Darius Olavi Koski (born January 3, 1971) is the American lead guitarist and songwriter of the punk rock band Swingin' Utters, the alternative punk rock bands Filthy Thievin' Bastards and the Re-volts. He also works as a plumber.
Koski has produced such acts as the Workin' Stiffs (Liquid Courage, 1999), Reducers SF (Backing the Long Shot, 1999), and The Truents (Every Day of the Week, 1999).
# Varalotti

Varalotti is a village of the Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu, India. Nearby railway station of Varalotti is Virudhunagar.
9°36′N 78°01′E﻿ / ﻿9.600°N 78.017°E﻿ / 9.600; 78.017
* This article related to a location in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dartmouth Passenger Ferry

The Dartmouth Passenger Ferry, also known as the Dartmouth Steam Railway and Riverboat Company, is a passenger ferry that crosses the River Dart in the English county of Devon. It is one of three ferries that cross the tidal river from Dartmouth to Kingswear, the others being the Higher Ferry and the Lower Ferry. The 630-mile (1,010 km) long South West Coast Path crosses the Dart on either the Lower or Passenger ferries.
The passenger ferry is operated by Dart Pleasure Craft Limited, which is owned by Dart Valley Railway plc, the owner of the Heritage Dartmouth Steam Railway. The ferry connects the Dartmouth water front to the steam railway's terminus at Kingswear railway station. At one time adjacent to the Dartmouth landing of the ferry was the unique "Dartmouth railway station", but this has been converted into a restaurant and the ferry now shares an adjacent landing stage with cruise boats also operated by Dart Pleasure Craft.

## History

There are records of a "Kingswear Ferry" as early as 1365. By the 18th century, a second ferry was sailing from Hoodown on the Kingswear side, upstream from Waterhead Creek, which had an easier approach than the steep slipway in the village square.
The Dartmouth and Torbay Railway was authorised by its act of Parliament, the Dartmouth and Torbay Railway Act 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. ciii) to establish a steam ferry across the Dart from its station and agreed to purchase the ferries, although this was not completed until 18 November 1873, by which time the railway was a part of the South Devon Railway. Within three years it had become part of the Great Western Railway who continued to operate the Steam Ferry up until nationalisation into British Railways on 1 January 1948.
The operation was leased to the Dartmouth Steam Packet Company until 1872. The company's first steam ferry was the paddle steamer Perseverance that took up duties on 1 October 1864, and so it had operated with their cruising steamers Louisa (built 1856) and Newcomin (built 1864). The latter was named after local pioneer steam engineer Thomas Newcomen. The Perseverance was not successful and was replaced by a new paddle steamer, the PS Dolphin, in 1869. The railway took over the operation in 1872 and continued to operate the Dolphin.
A new twin-screw steamer The Mew replaced the paddle steamer on 31 May 1908. She was altered in 1924 to be able to carry the Great Western Railway's road vehicles so as to avoid the heavy payments made for the use of the Lower Ferry. In 1940 she steamed to Dover to take part in the Dunkirk evacuation but was deemed unsuitable for the task and sent back to Dartmouth. She was finally withdrawn on 8 October 1954.
A temporary ferry, the Lady Elizabeth, was on station until the two replacement ferries, the Adrian Gilbert and Humphrey Gilbert, were ready to enter service on 18 March 1957. In 1972 the ferry was sold to Dartmouth Borough Council. After a short time being operated by its successor, the South Hams District Council, it was sold to Dart Pleasure Craft Limited, who now trade as River Link.
# Squeaky hinge

Squeaky hinges produce a squeaking or rasping noise when they are moved. Sounds can differ when opened or closed.
Lubrication fixes this. Suitable lubricants include plumber's grease and silicone spray. Oil is not so suitable as it can drip off when in excess. Graphite is also unsuitable as it spreads to other surfaces and makes a mess. To give complete coverage of lubricant, the hinge pin is removed to be covered in the lubricant, and then reinserted. Oiling a squeaky hinge is considered a masculine behaviour.
Some hinges are designed not to squeak.
Chinese hinges may be designed to make a sounds like a spoken word.
Simulation of the sound of a squeaking hinge is important in virtual reality or games. The friction can be modeled using the bristle model, and the sound produced via an exciter-resonator model.
# Hastings and St Leonards Priory Cricket Club

Hastings and St Leonards Priory Cricket Club (often shortened down to Hastings Priory) is a cricket club in Hastings, East Sussex. The club is based at Horntye Park, where the 1st XI and 2nd XI play their home fixtures.
The club has fifteen teams including five men's teams, one ladies' team, seven boys' teams and two girls' teams. The 1st XI and 2nd XI play in the Sussex Cricket League and play their home fixtures at Horntye Park, the 3rd XI and 4th XI play in the East Sussex Cricket League and play their home fixtures at Ark Alexandra Academy.

## Teams

| Team | League |
| 1st XI | Sussex Cricket League 1st XI Premier League |
| 2nd XI | Sussex Cricket League 2nd XI Division 5 |
| 3rd XI | Sussex Cricket League 3rd XI Division 11 |
| Ladies XI | Southern Women's Championship Division |

## Honours

* Sussex Cricket League
** Premier Division champions 1999, 2002, 2003, 2011
# Hastings baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for members of the Hastings family headed by the Earl of Huntingdon, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.
The Hastings Baronetcy, of Redlinch in the County of Somerset, was created in the Baronetage of England on 7 May 1667 for Richard Hastings. He was the grandson of Sir Edward Hastings, younger son of Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon (see Earl of Huntingdon for earlier history of the family). Hastings married Margaret, daughter of Sir Robert Pointz, but had no children, and the title became extinct on his death in 1668. Margaret remarried Samuel Gorges, later a High Court judge in Ireland. Her first marriage was apparently a happy one: at her death, she left Samuel a portrait of Richard.
The Hastings, later Abney-Hastings family, of Willesley Hall in the County of Derby, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 28 February 1806 for Sir Charles Hastings, illegitimate son of Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon. For more information on this creation, see Abney-Hastings baronets.

## Hastings baronets, of Redlinch (1667)

* Sir Richard Hastings, 1st Baronet (died 1668)

## Hastings, later Abney-Hastings baronets, of Willesley Hall (1806)

* see Abney-Hastings baronets
# Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2010

The winners of the 11th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2010, were announced on January 11, 2011.

## Winners and nominees
### International

| Category | Winners and nominees | Films |
| Best Film | David Fincher | The Social Network |
| Best Film | Darren Aronofsky | Black Swan |
| Best Film | Joel Coen and Ethan Coen | True Grit |
| Best Actor | Colin Firth | The King's Speech |
| Best Actor | Jesse Eisenberg | The Social Network |
| Best Actor | James Franco | 127 Hours |
| Best Actress | Jennifer Lawrence | Winter's Bone |
| Best Actress | Annette Bening | The Kids Are All Right |
| Best Actress | Natalie Portman | Black Swan |
| Best Supporting Actor | Christian Bale | The Fighter |
| Best Supporting Actor | John Hawkes | Winter's Bone |
| Best Supporting Actor | Geoffrey Rush | The King's Speech |
| Best Supporting Actress | Hailee Steinfeld | True Grit |
| Best Supporting Actress | Amy Adams | The Fighter |
| Best Supporting Actress | Melissa Leo | The Fighter |
| Best Director | David Fincher | The Social Network |
| Best Director | Darren Aronofsky | Black Swan |
| Best Director | Joel Coen and Ethan Coen | True Grit |
| Best Screenplay | Aaron Sorkin | The Social Network |
| Best Screenplay | Joel Coen and Ethan Coen | True Grit |
| Best Screenplay | Christopher Nolan | Inception |
| Best Documentary | Banksy | Exit Through the Gift Shop |
| Best Documentary | Charles Ferguson | Inside Job |
| Best Documentary | Davis Guggenheim | Waiting for "Superman" |
| Best Foreign Language Film | Olivier Assayas | Carlos |
| Best Foreign Language Film | Jacques Audiard | A Prophet |
| Best Foreign Language Film | Bong Joon-ho | Mother |
| Best Foreign Language Film | Juan José Campanella | The Secret in Their Eyes |

### Canadian

| Category | Winners and nominees | Films |
| Best Film | Denis Villeneuve | Incendies |
| Best Film | Lixin Fan | Last Train Home |
| Best Film | Bruce McDonald | Trigger |
| Best Actor | Paul Giamatti | Barney's Version |
| Best Actor | Jay Baruchel | The Trotsky |
| Best Actor | Paul Spence | FUBAR 2 |
| Best Actress | Lubna Azabal | Incendies |
| Best Actress | Molly Parker | Trigger |
| Best Actress | Tracy Wright | Trigger |
| Best Supporting Actor | Dustin Hoffman | Barney's Version |
| Best Supporting Actor | Jay Brazeau | Fathers & Sons |
| Best Supporting Actor | Maxim Gaudette | Incendies |
| Best Supporting Actress | Delphine Chanéac | Splice |
| Best Supporting Actress | Mélissa Désormeaux-Poulin | Incendies |
| Best Supporting Actress | Minnie Driver | Barney's Version |
| Best Director | Denis Villeneuve | Incendies |
| Best Director | Denis Côté | Curling |
| Best Director | Bruce McDonald | Trigger |
| Best British Columbia Film | Carl Bessai | Fathers & Sons |
| Best British Columbia Film | Sturla Gunnarsson | Force of Nature: The David Suzuki Movie |
| Best British Columbia Film | Charles Officer | Mighty Jerome |