OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vladimír Helfert

Vladimír Helfert (24 March 1886 in Plánice (near Klatovy) – 18 March 1945 in Prague) was a Czechslovak musicologist in the interwar period. Although his early career as a music critic was clouded by the negative influence of his teacher, Zdeněk Nejedlý, with whom he studied at Charles University. After accepting a post in 1922 as professor of musicology at Masaryk University in Brno, he went against Nejedlý's teachings and championed the music of Leoš Janáček.
His greatest work, Česká moderní hudba. Studie o české hudební tvořivosti (Czech Modern Music: A study of Czech musical creativity, 1936), came under public attack by Nejedlý and his remaining followers. During the Nazi occupation, Helfert became involved with the underground Czechoslovak Communist Party and was arrested for resistance activities.
He was interned in Brno's Špilberk Castle by the Gestapo in 1939, and subsequently in Wrocław until 1942. After convalescing he was arrested again in 1944, and held in Prague's Pankrác prison and finally the Theresienstadt concentration camp: his health did not survive the trip back to Prague after liberation.
# Artgal

Artgal, Arthal, or Arthgal may refer to:
* Artgal mac Cathail (died 791), King of Connacht
* Arthgal ap Dyfnwal (died 872), King of Alt Clut
# Steve Jones (footballer, born 1964)

Steven Wynn Jones (born 23 October 1964) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a left-back. He made appearances in the English Football League for Wrexham. He also played for Runcorn.
# Volxkuche

VolxKuche/VolxKüche (VoKu/VoKü), also Küche für Alle (KüfA) and Bevölkerungsküche (BeVoKü), peoples kitchen, free supper club, and kitchen for all are names used for a weekly or regularly occurring group cooking event, at which the meal is served free of charge or at cost.

## History

The name derives from the German expression "people's kitchen" (soup kitchen), as a secular counterpart of the Christian soup kitchen. Volxküchen are found usually in collective and/or self-managed arrangements (pubs, information stores, youth centers or autonomous centers) with politically left self-identity. In general at least one vegetarian meal is offered, frequently also vegan food. Often soon to be expired ingredients are obtained at cost, or donated by food banks, food manufacturers or community gardens.
The Volxküche in the current sense arose in the West European squatter scene of the early 1980s. Squatters in the Netherlands use the name volkskeuken or VoKu, cooking vegan or vegetarian food for sale at a cheap price. This fitted beside other networked activities such as local exchange trading systems, Food not Bombs, free shops and food cooperatives. Squatters in the German city of Hamburg founded a Volxküche at the Hafenstraße in 1982. Students in Vienna occupied a lecture theatre in 2009 and started a Volxküche as part of a longterm plan which included making sleeping areas and rooms for events.
A 'Free Supper Club" was held twice a month in San Francisco, US, as of 2013. It called itself VolxKuche San Francisco.
# Storm King Ranger Station

The Storm King Ranger Station, also known as the Storm King Guard Station and Morgenroth Cabin, is a historic building located southeast of Barnes Point, on south shore of Lake Crescent, about 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Port Angeles, Washington. The ranger station is part of the Olympic National Park. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
The building was remodeled in 1937 and in 1979 the east wall and chimney were destroyed when a tractor loader broke loose and hit the building. In 1984 the building was relocated a short distance away from the Olympic Highway (SR-101) and the shore of Lake Crescent, and extensive deterioration was found in many of the exterior logs which were completely restored.
The building is significant also for its connection with Chris Morgenroth, an early Bogachiel River settler and one of the first Forest Service Rangers in Olympic Peninsula, who became district ranger of the Olympic National Forest and an advocate for the creation of the Olympic National Park.
* Storm King Ranger Station in winter
* Storm King Ranger Station in 2010
# Syd Eru

Sydney Wiremu "Syd" Eru (born 26 July 1971) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played the 1990s. A Kiwi representative hooker, he played club football for the Auckland Warriors.

## Background

Eru was born in Rotorua, New Zealand.

## Playing career

Eru played for the Upper Hutt Tigers in the Wellington Rugby League and Rockingham and Perth in Australia. In 1993 he was part of Upper Hutt's premiership winning team and played for Wellington in their 27–22 victory over Auckland. He was then invited to be part of an Auckland Invitational XIII side that drew 16-all with the Balmain Tigers.
He was signed by the Auckland Warriors for their debut season in the Australian Rugby League competition in 1995 as the backup hooker. However, by the end of the season he had replaced Duane Mann, the New Zealand national rugby league team captain, as both the Auckland Warriors and the New Zealand hooker. He was subsequently rewarded with an improved contract. In 1998 he was targeted by a Welsh rugby league franchise, but the club - and the offer - did not eventuate.
His career was frequently marred by injury, Eru played 59 games over five seasons for the Warriors. Eru remained with the Warriors until the end of the 1999 season, retiring to Western Australia. His retirement was forced due to a serious wrist-injury.

## Representative career

Eru first came to national attention in 1990 when he played for the Junior Kiwis and made his debut for Wellington. In 1991 he played for the Kiwi Colts side who defeated France 28–8.
Eru represented the New Zealand Māori in 1992 and 1993, debuting at the 1992 Pacific Cup. He was a Kiwi trialist in 1993, but missed selection for the 1993 tour of Great Britain and France.
Eru made his New Zealand national rugby league team debut in 1995 and was selected to represent New Zealand at the 1995 Rugby League World Cup. At the tournament Eru tested positive for ephedrine. He played in twenty tests for New Zealand between 1995 and 1998, including stand out performances in victories over Great Britain in 1996 and Australia in 1997.
# Doerfel (crater)

Doerfel is a lunar impact crater that is located in the vicinity of the southern pole, just on the far side of the Moon. It lies approximately midway between the large crater Hausen to the east-northeast and the even larger Zeeman to the southwest.
The outer wall of Doerfel retains much of its original form, but it has been rounded and slightly eroded by a history of subsequent bombardment. Many tiny craterlets lie on or near the rim, especially along the western edge. There is a slight outward extrusion in the southern rim, and the opposite, northern rim appears somewhat jumbled and eroded.
Doerfel's interior is also marked by several tiny craterlets in the otherwise relatively flat surface. There is a very slight central rise near the midpoint.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Doerfel.
| Doerfel | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| R | 71.3° S | 119.4° W | 32 km |
| S | 69.9° S | 119.6° W | 32 km |
| U | 68.8° S | 117.2° W | 34 km |
| Y | 67.8° S | 108.8° W | 68 km |
# ER Vulpeculae

ER Vulpeculae is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Vulpecula, abbreviated ER Vul. It is a variable star system with a brightness that ranges from an apparent visual magnitude of 7.27 down to 7.49, which is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. This system is located at a distance of 165 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −25 km/s.
This star was observed to be a double-lined spectroscopic binary by R. J. Northcott in 1946, indicating this is a binary star system where the individual spectra of each component is visible. G. A. Bakos found it to be a candidate eclipsing binary in 1955, and orbital elements were produced in 1956. The light curve of the system showed a very short orbital period of 16.75 hours and was found to vary continually between the minima. Both components were classified as G-type main-sequence stars.
The wavy shape of the light curve of ER Vul resembles those of a W UMa star for a detached binary, indicating that the stars are not in direct contact but are close enough to gravitationally distort their shapes. By 1967, studies showed unexplained fluctuations in the light curve. H. E. Bond in 1970 found calcium H and K lines in emission. D. S. Hall classified the ER Vul system as a short period RS Canum Venaticorum variable in 1970, based on the spectral type and emission lines. These emission lines suggest some form of chromospheric activity on the star. Dark star spots were proposed as an explanation of the intrinsic variability of these types of stars by H. M. Al-Naimiy, and ER Vul was determined to be heavily spotted.
The corona of ER Vul was found to be a strong source of soft X-rays by F. M. Walter and S. Bowyer in 1981. The eclipsing nature of the system was confirmed by T. H. Kadouri in 1981, with the primary eclipse being an occultation. Radio emission was detected with the VLA in 1992, and it was found to be one of the most luminous main-sequence stars known in that band. Due to gravitational interaction that has forced a tidal lock with their close orbit, both stars are rotating rapidly – more than 40 times the rotation rate of the Sun, which is driving their magnetic dynamo. They show the "strongest coronal and chromospheric emissions of any main-sequence G-type star".
C. İbanoğlu and associates in 1993 were able to explain the light curve of this system through a combination of "proximity effects, wavelike distortions, mutual eclipses, and short-term light fluctuations". By measuring variations in Hydrogen alpha emission, Ö. Çakırlı and associates in 2003 found that cooler secondary component is the more active of the pair. However, other observers have observed that the primary is the more active. This changeover may be the result of magnetic interaction between the stars. In 2005, E. Shkolnik and associates discovered a high-velocity stream passing between the stars toward the secondary component. This stream is creating a large active area on the companion.
# Athletics at the 2003 Pan American Games – Men's marathon

The men's marathon event at the 2003 Pan American Games took place on Saturday, 9 August 2003. Brazil's title defender Vanderlei de Lima once again proved to be the best marathoner, clocking a winning time of 2h 19m 08s.

## Medalists

| Gold | Vanderlei de Lima Brazil |
| Silver | Bruce Deacon Canada |
| Bronze | Diego Colorado Colombia |

## Records

| World record | Khalid Khannouchi (USA) | 2:05:38 | 14 April 2002 | London, Great Britain |
| Pan Am record | Jorge González (PUR) | 2:12:43 | 28 August 1983 | Caracas, Venezuela |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Vanderlei de Lima (BRA) | 2:19:08 |
| 2 | Bruce Deacon (CAN) | 2:20:25 |
| 3 | Diego Colorado (COL) | 2:21:48 |
| 4 | Aguelmis Rojas (CUB) | 2:23:18 |
| 5 | Francisco Bautista (MEX) | 2:25:50 |
| 6 | Daniel Simbrón (ARG) | 2:28:21 |
| 7 | Pamenos Ballantyne (VIN) | 2:29:37 |
| 8 | Chris Banks (USA) | 2:32:22 |
| 9 | Hugo Jiménez (COL) | 2:35:26 |
| 10 | Jeff Campbell (USA) | 2:36:31 |
| 11 | Cristian Villavicencio (NCA) | 2:37:28 |
| 12 | Larry Alberto Sánchez (VEN) | 2:42:02 |
| 13 | José Francisco Paulino (DOM) | 2:43:11 |
| — | Silvio Guerra (ECU) | DNF |
| — | Genílson da Silva (BRA) | DNF |
| — | Bernardo Jiménez (DOM) | DNF |
| — | Alfredo Arévalo (GUA) | DNF |
| — | Luis Fonseca (VEN) | DNF |
| — | Benjamín Paredes (MEX) | DNF |
# Villavieja de Yeltes

Villavieja de Yeltes is a municipality in Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain.

## Geography

The municipality is in the western portion of Castile and León, about 290 km from Madrid, at 738 meters above sea level. Its northern and eastern borders are formed by the Yeltes river, and its entire area is in the river's drainage basin. Its highest point is 828 meters above sea level, in La Berzosa.

## History

The shores of the Yeltes river have been inhabited since prehistoric times, as indicated by artifacts found there. Megalithic-stage structures were scattered throughout the area, and many remains have been discovered from the medieval period.

## Demographics

The population has fallen inexorably since 2001.
| Year | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| Population | 1119 | 1113 | 1082 | 1029 | 1041 | 1022 | 989 |
| Men | 558 | 553 | 541 | 514 | 518 | 511 | 498 |
| Women | 561 | 560 | 541 | 515 | 523 | 511 | 491 |
# Villawood

Villawood may refer to:
* Villawood, New South Wales
* Villawood Immigration Detention Centre
* Villawood railway station
# Villayerno Morquillas

Villayerno Morquillas is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 191 inhabitants.
# Villajuana family

The Villajuana family are Mexican artisans specializing in hammocks from Euan, Tixkokob, Yucatán in southern Mexico. Their work has been recognized by being named “grand masters” by the Fomento Cultural Banamex.
Euan is noted for hammocks and its one of its main sources of income. Most people in this area sleep on beds only in the winter. While most hammocks in the world are made industrially, some are still made by hand. The latter are made with henequen or sisal, which used to be highly in demand for making rope.
The family’s production focuses on Elena Manzano de Villajuana and her daughters and daughters-in-law. All began this work as children and the males in the family help as well. They are noted for making hammocks so large that they resemble fishing nets. They envelope the occupant completely, including those meant for two people. They netting is light to let air pass but close enough to act as a mosquito net. They made hammocks of both sisal and industrial cotton thread. The most traditional are made of sisal, a type of agave. The process of creating fiber from the agave leaves is called “corchado” and has its origins in the pre Hispanic period. It is difficult work but it results in fine and study products.
Elena learned to create the sisal fiber the traditional way, but her husband invented a kind of spinning wheel to create the fiber based on a bicycle wheel, which the family still uses. Creating the fiber is generally done early in the morning or in the evening when the fiber is the moistest.
The weaving of the hammocks is done on special wooden frames, and created by making a series of knots at regular intervals. When the center area is finished, the two ends are gathered, to allow it to be hung. They use natural dyes to create a variety of colors and patterns. These include traditional ones as well as some of their own invention.
# Herbert Booth (trade unionist)

Herbert W. Booth (died 1977 or 1978) was a British trade unionist.
Booth worked as a coal miner in Nottinghamshire and became active in the Nottinghamshire Miners' Association (NMA). He won an NMA scholarship to attend the Central Labour College. There, he met A. J. Cook, who became a lifelong friend.
Booth returned to Nottinghamshire in 1914, where he joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). He led a successful campaign against the NMA leadership's plans to leave the Miners' Federation of Great Britain's (MFGB) political fund, and also began teaching classes on politics and economics to other miners; attendees included Jack W. Smith.
Booth's left-wing group in the union proved popular and, in response, the NMA's president, George Spencer, began adopting more left-wing positions himself. However, in 1918, Booth took up a full-time post as agent and secretary of the Forest of Dean Miners' Association, and in his absence Spencer became the NMA's general secretary and returned to more right-wing views. Booth returned to Nottinghamshire in 1922, when he was elected checkweighman at Annesley Colliery; in his absence, he had lost some support, and Spencer felt able to lead a major split in the union after the UK general strike. Booth remained loyal to the NMA, and was rewarded by election as its vice-president. In 1932, changes in the union's leadership led to a series of elections; Booth stood unsuccessfully for the posts of general secretary and financial secretary, before winning one to become president.
As president, Booth focused on promoting reunification with the rival Nottinghamshire Miners' Industrial Union (NMIU). This was unpopular with some NMA activists, but was supported by Cook, who had become secretary of the MFGB. In 1937, Booth stood down as president to become a full-time agent for the union. Later that year, the NMA merged with the NMIU to form the Nottinghamshire Miners' Federated Union; the rationalisation of posts in the new union led to Booth losing both his work as an agent and his position on the executive committee.
Despite being temporarily sidelined, Booth remained a prominent figure among Nottinghamshire miners. In 1944, the NMFU became the Nottinghamshire Area of the National Union of Mineworkers. New rules on maximum ages of union officers forced general secretary Val Coleman to retire in 1945, and Booth won election as general secretary of the union. He retired a few years later.
# Herbert Lieberman

Herbert Henry Lieberman (September 22, 1933 – May 30, 2023) was an American mystery/crime novelist and playwright.
Liberman's mother was an orphan who fled Romania and came over to America on the Lusitania. She married Abraham Lieberman, of New Rochelle, New York.
He received his AB from City College of New York and his AM from Columbia University. In 1977 he won the Grand Prix de Littérature Policière's International Prize for City of the Dead. He is a former managing editor of the Reader's Digest Book Club.

## Personal life

Lieberman married Judith Barsky, and they have one daughter, and twin granddaughters.
Lierberman, as a teenager, used to work at a soda pop shop. When he grew up, he worked at the New York Reader's Digest Book Club. In his later years, he lived in California with his wife, and his wire-haired dachshund, Henry.
His horror novels were based upon nightmares which he had. Lieberman died on May 30, 2023, at the age of 89.

## Novels

* The Adventures of Dolphin Green (1967)
* Crawlspace (1971)
* The Eighth Square (1973)
* Brilliant Kids (1975)
* City of the Dead (1976)
* The Climate of Hell (1978)
* Night Call from a Distant Time Zone (1982)
* Nightbloom (1984)
* The Green Train (1986)
* Shadow Dancers (1989)
* Sandman, Sleep (1993)
* The Girl with the Botticelli Eyes (1996)
* The Concierge (1998)
* The Vagabond of Holmby Park (2003)

## Plays produced and cinematography

* Matty, the Moron, and Madonna, directed by Jose Quintero at The Orpheum Theatre (Manhattan), won the University of Chicago Charles E. Sergel Drama Award.
* Tigers in Red Weather, produced by the Minnesota Theatre Company
* Crawlspace was a TV movie, adapted from Lieberman's novel. It was directed by John Newland and Buzz Kulik, and it starred Arthur Kennedy, Teresa Wright, and Tom Happer.
# Dawn Seymour

Dawn Seymour (July 1, 1917 - July 18, 2017) was an American pilot and member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots during World War II. She would later lobby for military status for the Women Airforce Service Pilots as well as encourage recognition of their contributions to the war effort during World War II.

## Early life

Seymour was born in Rochester, New York on July 1, 1917.
She was the first woman accepted into the Civilian Pilot Training Program at Cornell University. In 1939, she earned a bachelor's degree from Cornell.

## During World War II

During World War II, Seymour was a Women's Airforce Service Pilot, or WASP at Buckingham Air Force Base in Florida.

## Later life

She actively campaigned for military status for the Women Airforce Service Pilots.

## Honors

Her 100th birthday party was celebrated at the opening reception of Women in Aviation International’s 2017 annual conference.

## Publications

* Seymour, Dawn, Clarice I. Bergemann, Jeanette J. Jenkins, and Mary Ellen Keil. Women Airforce Service Pilots, WWII: In Memoriam : Thirty-Eight American Women Pilots Gave Their Lives in Performance of Duty with the United States Army Air Forces 1942-1943-1944. Denton, Tex: Texas Woman's University Press, 1996. OCLC 34930045

## Death and legacy

She died aged 100 on July 18, 2017.
# Dawn Shaughnessy

Dawn Angela Shaughnessy is an American radiochemist and principal investigator of the heavy element group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. She was involved in the discovery of five superheavy elements with atomic numbers 114 to 118.

## Early life and education

Shaughnessy wanted to be a doctor as a child but became interested in science at middle school and studied at El Segundo High School. She earned her bachelor's in chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1993. She joined Darleane C. Hoffman's group for her doctoral studies, and completed her PhD at the UC Berkeley College of Chemistry in 2000. Her thesis investigated the delayed fission of einsteinium. She won an award recognising her strength in graduate instruction.

## Research

Shaughnessy joined the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2000, working under Heino Nitsche. As part of a United States Department of Energy effort to clean up nuclear materials in the environment, Shaughnessy studied how plutonium interacts with manganese-bearing minerals. She joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2002.
In 2012 her group received a $5,000 grant which they donated to the Livermore High School department of chemistry. She was appointed group leader of the experimental nuclear and radiochemistry group in 2013. She has been involved in campaigns to celebrate Women's History Month. In 2014 she was an editor of the book The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements.
While leading the heavy element group, Shaughnessy partnered with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; the team managed to identify five new superheavy elements. The elements were confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in January 2016. As they were discovered at the Livermore lab, she named element 116 Livermorium. Her recent work has included nuclear forensics – being able to identify the traces of fissile material, products, and activation products after an explosion. Her team are trying to automate sample preparation and detection, allowing them to speed up their isotope analysis.

### Awards and honors

Shaughnessy has won numerous awards and honors including:
* 2010 - Department of Energy Office of Science Outstanding Mentor Award
* 2010 - Gordon Battelle Prize for Scientific Discovery
* 2012 - Inducted into the Alameda County Women's Hall of Fame
* 2016 - Fast Company Most Creative
* 2018 - Elected a fellow of the American Chemical Society
# Hendrik Veen

Hendrik Veen (6 October 1823, Haarlem – 14 March 1905, Haarlem) was a prolific photographer in the Dutch East Indies. He photographed ethnographic shots of locals, landscapes, architecture, landscapes and botanical subjects. His work included a series of photos of the temples in Buleleng.
# Villiers-au-Bouin

Villiers-au-Bouin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.