OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Gadara

Battle of Gadara was fought between the Judaean Hasmoneans and the Arab Nabataeans around 93 BC in Gadara in modern-day Jordan.
The battle came after the Nabataeans felt threatened by the Hasmonean King Alexander Jannaeus's territorial acquisitions of Gaza and several towns north of Nabataea in Transjordan, along the road to Damascus where the Greek Seleucids were stationed (the Seleucids were in terminal decline at the time).
Jannaeus was "lucky to escape alive" back to Jerusalem after the Nabataean king Obodas I managed to ambush his forces on a steep hill, thought to be the hills surrounding the Yarmouk River. Jannaeus returned to fierce Jewish opposition in Jerusalem after his defeat, and had to cede the acquired territories to the Nabataeans so that he could dissuade them from supporting his opponents in Judea.

## Background

The Nabataeans had maintained a friendly relationship with the neighboring Jewish Maccabees to the west, whose successors founded the Hasmonean dynasty. Alexander Jannaeus, the Hasmonean king, had besieged and captured Gaza around 100 BC. Jannaeus is thought to have punished the Gazans for their support to the Greek Ptolemies in Egypt over the Hasmoneans during their wars. Jannaeus then continued his father John Hyrcanus's conquests in Transjordan, where he captured Gadara, Amathus, Moab and Gilead.
The Nabataeans felt threatened by these acquisitions as they had obstructed their access to the Port of Gaza, which was the last stop for goods that came from Nabataea before being shipped to European markets. The acquisition of Transjordanian towns laid another threat to Nabataean interests, and to the Seleucids in Damascus too.

## Battle

After the death of the Nabataean king Aretas II in 96 BC, his son Obodas I rose to power. Around 93 BC, Obodas managed to ambush Jannaeus and his forces in a hilly area where Jannaeus was "lucky to escape alive". The Nabataean army used a large number of camels to push the Hasmonean forces deep into a valley. The area surrounding the Yarmouk River is thought to be the location of this engagement.

## Aftermath

Jannaeus returned to fierce Jewish opposition in Jerusalem after his defeat, and had to cede the acquired territories to the Nabataeans so that he could dissuade them from supporting his opponents in Judea.
The Seleucids, based in Syria, were concerned with the growing influence of the Nabataeans, who now controlled the territories just to their south. In 87 BC, the Seleucid king Antiochus XII Dionysus waged the Battle of Cana against the Nabataeans in Gadara. Antiochus was slain during combat, demoralizing his army and turning the battle into a decisive Nabataean victory. The Seleucid army fled and largely perished from starvation in the desert afterwards.
After Obodas's victories over the Hasmoneans and the Seleucids, he became the first Nabataean king to be worshipped as a god by the Nabataean people. In Avdat, in the Negev desert, a temple was built by the Nabataeans to commemorate Obodas. Inscriptions have been found inside referring to "Obodas the god".
# Henrardia

Henrardia is a genus of Asian plants in the grass family.

## Species

* Henrardia persica (Boiss.) C.E.Hubb. - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon
* Henrardia pubescens C.E.Hubb. - Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Iran
# Cycling at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tandem 1 km time trial B

The Men's tandem 1 km time trial B at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, was part of the cycling programme, which took place on 29 July 2022. This event was for blind and visually impaired cyclists riding with a sighted pilot.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:
| World record | Neil Fachie (GBR) | 58.039 | Izu, Japan | 28 August 2021 |
| Games record | Neil Fachie (SCO) | 1:00.065 | Brisbane, Australia | 5 April 2018 |

## Schedule

The schedule is as follows:
All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)
| Date | Time | Round |
| Friday 29 July 2022 | 16:10 | Final |
| Rank | Nation | Riders | Time | Behind | Avg. speed (km/h) | Notes |
| | Scotland | Neil Fachie Lewis Stewart (pilot) | 59.938 | | 60.062 | GR |
| | Wales | James Ball Matt Rotherham (pilot) | 1:00.053 | +0.115 | 59.947 | |
| | England | Stephen Bate Christopher Latham (pilot) | 1:02.276 | +2.338 | 57.807 | |
| 4 | Australia | Beau Wootton Luke Zaccaria (pilot) | 1:02.824 | +2.886 | 57.303 | |
| 5 | Wales | Alex Pope Steffan Lloyd (pilot) | 1:03.912 | +3.974 | 56.327 | |
| 6 | Kenya | Kennedy Ogada Peter Njoki (pilot) | 1:20.172 | +20.234 | 44.903 | |
| 7 | Ghana | Frederick Assor Rudolf Mensah (pilot) | 1:25.240 | +25.302 | 42.234 | |
# Venkataramani

Venkataramani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* K. S. Venkataramani (1891–1952), Indian lawyer
* R. Venkataramani (born 1950), Indian lawyer
# Le Verrier (disambiguation)

Le Verrier may refer to:

## Notable people with the surname Le Verrier

* Urbain Le Verrier (1811–1877), a French mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics
* Max Le Verrier (1891–1973), French sculptor who specialized in Art Deco decorative objects.

## Other uses

* Le Verrier (lunar crater)
* Le Verrier (Martian crater)
* 1997 Leverrier, a main-belt asteroid
* French frigate Le Verrier, a ship
# Antonio Herrera Toro

Antonio Herrera Toro (16 January 1857 – 26 June 1914) was a Venezuelan painter, art critic and professor.

## Biography

He was born in Valencia, Carabobo, and began his artistic studies in 1869 under the tutelage of Martín Tovar y Tovar. Five years later, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Caracas, where he studied with José Manuel Maucó [es] and Miguel Navarro Cañizares.
In 1875, he received a government scholarship that allowed him to study in Paris and Rome. He returned in 1881, with sketches of the Assumption of the Virgin, commissioned by José Antonio Ponte (1832–1883), the Archbishop of Caracas, that he used for murals at Caracas Cathedral, painted with the assistance of Cristóbal Rojas. In 1883, he portrayed the final moments of Simón Bolívar, to commemorate the centennial of Bolívar's birth. The following year, he travelled to Peru on behalf of Tovar, making sketches at the sites of the battles of Junín and Ayacucho for paintings that Tovar had been commissioned to create for the Palacio Federal Legislativo. As it turned out, Herrera had to complete the Battle of Ayacucho after Tovar's death.
He later took up journalistic pursuits in addition to painting, signing his writings with the pseudonym "Santoro". He was a major contributor to the cultural affairs biweekly, El Cojo Ilustrado [es] (The Illustrated Cripple, named by one of its founders, who had a bad leg), and a co-founder of El Granuja (The Rogue).
In 1892, he was appointed Director of the government "Office of Buildings and Ornamentation" (Edificios y Ornato de Poblaciones). Later in 1908, he became Director of the Art Academy, following the death of Emilio Jacinto Mauri. Early the following year, he was faced with a strike by a large group of students who were demanding changes in the curriculum. Two years later, together with Pedro Arismendi Brito (1832–1914), a former general and respected man of letters, he drafted regulations for the "Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes", which included music and acting as well as painting and sculpture. He also tendered his resignation, which was not accepted, so, despite being the target of student protests, he retained the position until his death in Caracas.

## Selected paintings

* Self-portrait (1895)
* Ricaurte in San Mateo
* Patio Interior
* The Bishop Visits his Studio
* Portrait of Eduardo Blanco

## Antonio

* 1 2 3 4 5 Brief biography @ MCN Biografías.
# Antonio Hidalgo

Antonio Hidalgo is the name of:
* Antonio Hidalgo (defender, born 1943), Spanish footballer
* Antonio Hidalgo (forward, born 1943), Spanish footballer
* Antonio Hidalgo (footballer, born 1979), Spanish footballer
* Antonio Hidalgo López, Spanish government minister
* Antonio Masip Hidalgo (born 1946), Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament
# Varsselder

Varsselder is a Dutch village situated in the Gelderland region Achterhoek, in the municipality Oude IJsselstreek. It is situated directly to the west of Ulft and it is crossed by the road from Ulft to 's-Heerenberg (N816).
The church is called Martelaren van Gorcumkerk. The village has a former windmill.
Veldhunten is a smaller rural settlement close to Varsselder.

## Gallery

* Church: Martelaren van Gorcumkerk
* Molen Lukassen
* Hoofdstraat
* Sacred Heart statue
# Darby W. Betts

Darby Wood Betts (June 5, 1912 – August 14, 1998) was an Episcopal priest who served as canon of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine from 1952 to 1955 during a major national scandal about the use of spanking on boy choristers.
# Antony (name)

Antony is a Danish, English, Finnish, German, Norwegian and Swedish given name that is a form of Anthony. As a surname it is derived from the Antonius root name. People with this name include the following:

## Given name

* Mark Antony (83–30 BC), Roman politician and general
* Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), also known as Antony, Egyptian saint
* Antony the Younger (785–865), Byzantine soldier, monk and Eastern Orthodox saint
* Anthony of Sourozh (Bloom, 1914–2003) of Sourozh, Russian Orthodox bishop
* Antony (Khrapovitsky) (1863–1936) of Kiev, Russian Orthodox bishop
* Antony (footballer, born 2000) (Antony Matheus dos Santos), Brazilian footballer
* Antony (footballer, born 2001) (Antony Alves Santos), Brazilian footballer
* Antony Acland (1930–2021), British diplomat and Provost of Eton College
* Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon (1930–2017), English photographer and filmmaker, husband of Princess Margaret
* Antony de Ávila (born 1962), Colombian footballer
* Antony Beevor (born 1946), English military historian
* Antony Blinken (born 1962), American government administrator and secretary of state of the United States
* Antony Caceres (born 2000), Canadian soccer player
* Antony Clark (born 1956), South African educationalist
* Antony Duff (1920–2000), British diplomat and Director General of MI5
* Antony Flew (1923–2010), English philosopher
* Antony Gormley (born 1950), British sculptor
* Antony Green (born 1960), Australian psephologist and commentator
* Antony Hämäläinen (born 1980), Finnish musician, singer and composer
* Antony Hewish (1924–2021), British radio astronomer, Nobel Prize for Physics
* Antony Jay (1930–2016), English writer, broadcaster and director
* Antony Johnston (born 1972), British writer of comics, video games and novels
* Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree (1937–2012), British politician
* Antony Padiyara (1921–2000), Indian Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal
* Antony Page (fl. 1980s–2020s), dean of the Florida International University School of Law
* Antony Pappusamy (born 1949), Indian Roman Catholic archbishop
* Antony Lopez Peralta (born 1981), French footballer
* Antony Raju (born 1954), Indian politician
* Antony Sher (1949–2021), English actor
* Antony Starr (born 1975), New Zealand television actor
* Antony C. Sutton (1925–2002), British and American economist, historian and writer
* Antony Valentini (born 1965), British theoretical physicist
* Tony Whitlam (born 1944), Australian lawyer, judge, politician and son of former Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam

## Surname

* A. K. Antony (born 1940), Indian politician, former Defence Minister of India and three-time Chief Minister of the state of Kerala
* Anto Antony (born 1956), Indian politician
* Johny Antony (fl. 1991–present), Indian film director
* P. J. Antony (1925–1979), Indian stage and film actor
* Steve Antony, British children's author and illustrator
# Varadkar (surname)

Varadkar is an Indian toponymic surname from Varad, a village in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, India. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leo Varadkar (born 1979), Irish politician and physician
* Mitalee Jagtap Varadkar, Indian actress
* Shubhada Varadkar (born 1961), Indian author and practitioner of Indian classical dance
# Varadouro River

The Varadouro River is a river of Mato Grosso do Sul state in southwestern Brazil, and a tributary of Cachoeirão River.
# Antonio de Vea

Antonio de Vea was a 17th-century Spanish sailor best known for leading the Antonio de Vea expedition to the fjords and channels of Patagonia in 1675–1676. The map of the archipelagoes of southern Chile made by Antonio de Vea was a milestone in local cartography. As far as it is known no new Spanish maps were made of the west coast of Patagonia until José de Moraleda y Montero's explorations in the late 18th century.
He was born in a family of noble origin in Milagro, Kingdom of Navarre. He had a military career in Portugal, Catalonia and the Spanish Netherlands.
# Springfield, Clear Lake and Rochester Railway

The Springfield, Clear Lake and Rochester Railway (SCL&R), also known as the Springfield Suburban, was an Illinois electric interurban railway. In operation by 1909 and abandoned by 1912, it offered service between the Illinois state capital of Illinois and the Sangamon County rural towns of Clear Lake and Rochester. Its active network was 11 miles (18 km) in length, with a 7-mile-long main line from Springfield to Rochester and a 4-mile-long branch line to what was then the excursion destination of Clear Lake.

## History

The interurban line was incorporated in 1906. One year after going into operation, it was legally reorganized in 1910 as the Mississippi Valley Interurban Railway. Two years later it was no longer operating safely, and the Illinois Railroad and Warehouse Commission ordered in July 1912 that operations be suspended pending urgently required repairs to one or more railroad bridges. The original firm appears to have lacked means to repair the unsafe spans.
Shortly after the suspension, separate promoter groups filed legal papers to recharter the "Springfield, Clear Lake and Southern Railway Company" (August 1912) and the "Mississippi Valley Traction Railway Company" (September 1912). The Springfield, Clear Lake & Southern promoters told the trade press they planned to work with creditors to acquire operating control of the struggling line by foreclosure, make necessary repairs, and build new trackage to the town of Riverton. However, nothing appears to have come of either charter, and the suspension evolved into abandonment.
# Vampire Themes

Vampire Themes is a various artists compilation album released in 1997 by Cleopatra Records. The album comprises songs from several industrial and gothic rock bands.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic gave Vampire Themes a rating of two and a half out of five possible stars.

## Personnel

Adapted from the Vampire Themes liner notes.
* Carl Edwards – design
* Judson Leach – mastering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1997 | Cleopatra | CD | CLP0003 |
# St. Matthew's Chapel A.M.E. Church

St. Matthew's Chapel A.M.E. Church is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church located at 309 Spruce Street in Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri. It was built in 1892, and is a one-story, rectangular, gable roofed Gothic Revival style brick church. It has a hipped roof three story projecting tower and a rectangular, hipped roof, brick apse attached to the rear.$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Daphnella capensis

Daphnella capensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Not to be confused with Daphnella capensis (E. A. Smith, 1882), a synonym of Tritonoturris capensis (E. A. Smith, 1882).

## Description

The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 5 mm.
The small, white shell has a fusiform shape. The spire is acute with a papillary apex. The shell contains 5½ slightly convex whorls with many longitudinal ribs crossed by narrow spiral lirations. The body whorl is inflated. The columella is slightly twisted and not callous. The aperture is wide. The sharp outer lip is arcuate.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
# Daphnella canaliculata

Daphnella canaliculata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
# Squamosa promoter binding protein

The SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SBP or SPL) family of transcription factors are defined by a plant-specific DNA-binding domain. The founding member of the family was identified based on its specific in vitro binding to the promoter of the snapdragon SQUAMOSA gene. SBP proteins are thought to be transcriptional activators.

## Function

SPB proteins have roles in leaf development, vegetative phase change, flower and fruit development, plant architecture, sporogenesis, Gibberelic acid signaling and toxin response.

## Structure

The domain contains 10 conserved cysteine and histidine residues that probably are zinc ligands. The SBP domain is a highly conserved DNA-binding domain. It is approximately 80 amino acids in length and contains a zinc finger motif with two zinc-binding sites: Cys-Cys-His-Cys and Cys-Cys-Cys-His. It has a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet.
# Squamodisc

Squamodiscs are epidermal structures, which are typical of and found only in certain monogeneans of the family Diplectanidae. There are, typically, two squamodiscs, one ventral and one dorsal, located on the haptor of the monogenean. Squamodiscs are usually made up of scales embedded in the epidermis, which appear from the outside as rodlets arranged in rows.
According to the classical book of Bychowsky (1967), “the Diplectanidae] have special paired attaching formations lying above the disc and also partially on it, on the dorsal and ventral sides in the shape of small rounded convexities equipped with numerous [...] thorn-shaped little hooks or thin thread-like plates located more or less in concentric rows ("squamodisc")".
Ultrastructural studies of squamodiscs have shown that they include epidermally-embedded spines which are covered by the outer epidermal membrane. The spines are composed of a moderately electron-dense material with denser fibrils embedded within it.
A diplectanid genus Squamodiscus Yamaguti, 1934 was created but is now considered a synonym of Diplectanum Diesing, 1858.
Some diplectanids, such as members of the genera Lamellodiscus or Calydiscoides, have a similar structure which is composed of lamellae, not rodlets; in this case the structure is called a lamellodisc.
# St-Leonard Cougars

St-Leonard Cougars :
| City | Montreal, Quebec |
| League | Canadian Junior Football League |
| Division | Ontario Football Conference |
| Founded | 1986 |
| Colours | Orange and Blue |
| Home field | Stade Hebert |
The St-Leonard Cougars were a CJFL football team located in Saint-Leonard, Quebec. They played in the Ontario Football Conference from 1994 to 2013.
# Vardandukht

Vardandukht (4th century), was a Queen consort of Armenia, as the wife of Arsaces III (Arshak III) who was the last serving Roman Client King of Arsacid Armenia. Arsaces III reigned from 378 until his death in 387.

## Life

Vardandukht was the daughter of the great sparapet (chief general) Manuel Mamikonian of the pro-Roman, powerful and wealthy Mamikonian family by a mother whose name is unknown. She was born and raised in Armenia.
The previous Roman client Armenian King Papas (Pap) was assassinated in 374. As Arsaces III and his younger brother, Vologases, were both too young to rule and succeed their father, the Roman emperor Valens had sent their paternal first cousin Varasdates (Varazdat) to occupy the Armenian throne. Their cousin who was a young man highly reputed for his mental and physical gifts had lived in Rome for an unknown period of time. Varasdates began to rule under the regency of Mushegh I Mamikonian.

### Queen

In 378 with the failed reign of Varasdates and the murder of Mushegh Mamikonian, who was Vardandukht’s paternal uncle, her father, Manuel filled his late brother’s position of sparapet. Manuel, furious at the Armenian King, with a military force drove out Varasdates from Armenia back to Rome. Manuel raised Arsaces III and his brother Vologases to the throne as co-kings of Armenia, under the nominal regency of their mother Zarmandukht.
To end the political anarchy in the country as Manuel being now the powerful regent-in-charge of Armenia, Manuel married Arsaces III to Vardandukht and he married Vologases to the daughter of Sahak from the Bagratuni dynasty. Through marriage, Vardandukht became a relation to the ruling Arsacid dynasty of Armenia and a high status woman in Armenian society. Not much is known on her relationship with Arsaces III; they had no children.
The Mamikonian government brought peace, stability to Armenia in which Manuel guided the country wisely. Manuel treated Arsaces III, Vologases and Zarmandukht with honor. He raised Arsaces III and Vologases and Manuel nurtured them as if they were his own children.

### Later life

In 386, Vologases died without leaving an heir and sometime later, Manuel died. Vardandukht and Arsaces III were at Manuel’s bedside as he laid sick and dying. After this moment, no more is known on Vardandukht. From 386 until 387, Arsaces III became the sole-ruler of Armenia, which occurred at this time the Sassanid invasions from Persia of Armenia. From this invasion, the authority of Arsaces III became lessened as he only maintained Western Armenia, in which his small kingdom was of a line from Erzurum to Mush. Sometime in 387 Arsaces III died, without leaving an heir. Western Armenia was annexed and became a province of the Byzantine Empire. Eastern Armenia was annexed by the Sassanid Empire and the remaining ruling Arsacid monarchs in Eastern Armenia became Client Kings of Armenia under Sassanid rule.
# St. Michael the Archangel Parish, Haverhill

St. Michael the Archangel Parish - designated for Polish immigrants in Haverhill, Massachusetts, United States.
    Founded January 13, 1901. It was one of the Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England in the Archdiocese of Boston.
Parish closed on August 29, 1998.
# Daphnobela juncea

Daphnobela juncea is an extinct species of fossil predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae. This species lived in the Eocene.
# Hassichegar

Hassichegar is a town and commune in Mauritania.
In 2013, it had a population of 20,265.
# St. Philip's Episcopal Church (Brevard, North Carolina)

St. Philip's Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at 256 E. Main Street in Brevard, Transylvania County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect Louis Humbert Asbury and built in 1926. It is a tall one-story, Normanesque Revival style stone structure on a nave plan, with a narthex/tower on the main elevation and a chancel on the rear. It has a two-story bell tower and stained glass windows.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is located in the East Main Street Historic District.
# Veitchia lepidota

Veitchia lepidota is a plant species endemic to the Solomon Islands in the Pacific Ocean.