OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Boris Shraiman

Boris Shraiman is a theoretical physicist working on statistical physics and biology. He is a Permanent Member of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Susan F Gurley Professor of Theoretical Physics and Biology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

## Biography

Shraiman earned a PhD from Harvard in 1983 and did postdoctoral work at the University of Chicago in the James Franck Institute. In his early work, Shraiman addressed how dynamical systems transition to chaos and how patterns form in viscous flows and dendritic growth. He moved to Bell Labs, where he worked on quantum materials, then later became a professor at Rutgers University in 2002 and the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2004. He has advanced the understanding of turbulent fluids, and since the 1990s, his work has built connections between statistical physics and biological problems. In particular, his research has pointed to the interplay between mechanics and morphogenesis, which addresses the problem of "growth and form" in animal development, and developed models to describe evolutionary dynamics in populations such as influenza. He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2011.
# Laurel Currie Oates

Laurel Currie Oates is a legal author and law professor at Seattle University School of Law. Oates is also a visiting professor at the University of Witwatersrand School of Law in Johannesburg.
She was a co-founder of the Legal Writing Institute, which now has more than 8,000 members; helped establish its newsletter known as The Second Draft; and helped organize and host seven of its national conferences, including the 1984, 1986, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 conferences. She is the co-author of five books, including The Legal Writing Handbook, which is now in its eighth edition, and Just Research, Just Memos, Just Briefs, and Just Writing.
After graduating from the University of Puget Sound Law School (now the Seattle University School of Law), she clerked for the Washington Court of Appeals. In 1980, Professor Oates joined the faculty at Seattle University School of Law until June 2021.
She designed and taught in the Legal Writing program at Seattle University School of Law, which has been ranked as the best or second best legal writing program in the United States by U.S. News & World Report in 14 or the last 15 years during her tenure there.
In 2014, Oates launched the Law School's first online course, a course on effective legal writing.
During the last fifteen years, Oates has taught multiple courses and workshops on legal writing in Afghanistan, Botswana, China, Ethiopia, India, Liberia, South Africa, Uganda, and the United States. She has hosted programs for both students and lawyers in South Africa. In 2018, she helped design an online Legal Writing course, which is now being used in South African law schools.

## Awards

In June 2007, Oates received the Burton Award for Outstanding Contributions to Legal Writing Education at the Library of Congress in Washington D.C.; in October 2009 she received the Marjorie Rombauer Award for Contributions to the Teaching of Legal Writing; in October 2012 she received the Tom Holdych Award for Meritorious and Transformational Service, and in 2016 she received both the Global Legal Skills Award and the Terri LeClercq Courage Award for her work in Afghanistan.
# Lasioglossum aulacophorum

Lasioglossum aulacophorum, also known as the Lasioglossum (Sudila) aulacophorum, is a species of bee in the genus Lasioglossum, of the family Halictidae.
# Brenda Wingfield

Brenda D. Wingfield is a South African Professor of genetics and previous Deputy Dean of the University of Pretoria. She is known for her genetic studies of fungal tree pathogens.

## Biography

Brenda D. Fairbairn was born in Zambia and educated in Zimbabwe. In High School, she found that she enjoyed genetics and went on to study at the University of Natal. She graduated with B.Sc.Hons Med from the University of Cape Town, Master's degree from the University of Minnesota and PhD from the University of Stellenbosch (1989). In the late 1990s, she began to work at the University of Pretoria. She was one of the founding members of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute.
She has published over 400 articles on genetics and trained over 50 both Masters and PhD students respectively. Wingfield holds the South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) Chair in Fungal Genomics.

## Research

Wingfield's work centers on fungi that act as tree pathogens. In conjunction with her research, she works with the South African forestry industry.
In 1995 Wingfield studied various species of Armillaria, especially A. cepistipes, A. gallica, A. mellea, and A. tabescens in Europe and North America. In 2004 she along with Michael Wingfield, Pedro Crous and Irene Barnes studied variations of D. septosporum and D. pini and concluded her research on a fact that D. pini is different to D. septosporum. In April of the same year she studied introduction of L. wingfieldii fungi into North America and how it is consumed by various bark beetles such as T. piniperda, D. valens and I. pini. In 2010, she worked as the lead researcher on the team for the first African project working to map the full genome of a fungus that causes pine pitch canker.

## Awards

Wingfield was a recipient of the Christiaan Hendrik Persoon medal for her scientific achievements from the Southern African Society for Plant Pathology. She was also the first woman to receive that honor. In 2013, she received an A rating from the National Research Foundation (NRF). She was recognized for her research work by the National Science and Technology Forum in 2014. In 2016 an Oppenheimer Memorial Trust has awarded her with an Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award. She was awarded an honorary membership of the Mycological Society of America (MSA) in 2017, she is also a Fellow of the American Phytopathological Society.
# Cinemaissí

Cinemaissí is a film festival specialized in Latin American and Caribbean film, organized in Helsinki, Finland, each October. The first Cinemaissí was held in 2005. Since 2008, a children's happening, Cinemaissíto, is organized on the side of the festival. The festival is organized by the association Cinemaissí ry.
In 2011 41 films from 14 countries were screened at Cinemaissí and the festival attracted 3200 spectators.
# Tuomikoski

Tuomikoski is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Juho Tuomikoski (1888–1967), Finnish long-distance runner
* Jukka Tuomikoski (1884–1956), Finnish painter and politician
* Samuli Tuomikoski (1875–1960), Finnish farmer and politician
# Turbonilla zealandica

Turbonilla zealandica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Brasc

Brasc (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.
# Bresadola

Bresadola is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Davide Bresadola (born 1988), Italian Nordic combined skier
* Giacomo Bresadola (1847–1929), Italian mycologist
* Silvano Bresadola (1906–2002), Italian footballer
# Tunø Knob Offshore Wind Farm

Tunø Knob Offshore Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm in the Bay of Aarhus, Denmark. It is located on the sandbar Tunø Knob, west of the Tunø island.
The wind farm was commissioned in 1995 with 10 turbines, each a 500 kW Vestas V39. The turbines are 45 metres high, based on concrete foundations at 3-6 meter deep waters, and together they produce enough electricity to supply c. 2,800 households. The Tunø Knob Offshore Wind Farm was the first offshore wind farm by Danish wind turbine company Vestas.
# Brenton Loch

51°46′16″S 59°01′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.771°S 59.020°W﻿ / -51.771; -59.020
Brenton Loch (Spanish, Bahia de Ruiz Puente) is an inlet-cum-small fjord in the Falkland Islands. It is one of a handful of sea lochs outside Scotland. It is sometimes known as "Brenton Sound". "Loch" is normally pronounced as "lock" in the English rather than Scottish manner, i.e. without a fricative "ch". The far south of the loch is known as "La Boca" or "The Boca".
The loch cuts into East Falkland and, together with Choiseul Sound to the east, divides Lafonia from the northern half of the island. It lies to the west of the isthmus on which Darwin and Goose Green are located. At its seaward end, it becomes Grantham Sound. Its name may originate from the fact that many of the inhabitants of Goose Green in the 19th century were Scots.

## History

In 1846, Samuel Lafone established a settlement at Hope Place on the southern shores of Brenton Loch, which was mainly populated by gauchos.
In the 1920s, the sailor Conor O'Brien visited the loch on board his ship Saoirse, in which he circumnavigated.
In 1976, pilot Ian Campbell drowned after his Beaver floatplane crashed into the loch.
During the Falklands War, HMS Arrow was anchored in the loch, providing covering fire for the Battle of Goose Green (see map below).
# Cinevox

Cinevox is an Italian record label specializing in the release of motion picture soundtrack albums. Founded in 1966, the label has released more than 200 titles, including numerous works by Ennio Morricone, Pino Donaggio, and various Dario Argento movie soundtracks composed by Goblin and Keith Emerson. According to their official website, the actual name of the label is Cinevox Record [sic].
# Turner Hotel

The Turner Hotel, at 140-170 E. Jackson St. in Mountain Home, Idaho, was built in 1899. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It is a three-story flat-roofed commercial block building, seven bays long along its east side and 11 bays long along its south side.
It was designed by Boise architect W. S. Campbell and built for W. J. Turner, who had opened the Turner House restaurant and hotel in Mountain Home in 1883. This second hotel building, near the original Turner House, was built during 1899–1900.
It has also been known as the Mellen Building, for Thomas Mellen, a miner and sheepraiser who bought the hotel in 1913.
# Lauridae

Lauridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Laurida.
Genera:
* Baccalaureus Broch, 1929
* Gorganolaureus Utinomi, 1962
* Laura Lacaze-Duthiers, 1865
* Polymarsypus Grygier, 1985
* Zoanthoecus Grygier, 1985
# Turriscala

Turriscala is an extinct genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae.

## Species

* † Turriscala cylindrella (Suter, 1917)
* † Turriscala discors (P. A. Maxwell, 1988)
* † Turriscala finlayi P. A. Maxwell, 1992
* † Turriscala germanica Lozouet, 1999
* † Turriscala kaiparaensis Laws, 1939
* † Turriscala powelli Marwick, 1931
* † Turriscala torulosa (Brocchi, 1814)
# Turrisaspis

Turrisaspis elektor is an extinct species of groenlandaspid arthrodire placoderm . It is known only from trunk fragments from the Catskill Formation from the Upper Devonian of Clinton County, Pennsylvania .
# Turrisipho dalli

Turrisipho dalli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colidae, the true whelks.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 10 mm (0.39 in).

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Canada.
# Break Through!

Break Through! (パッチギ!, Patchigi!) is a 2005 Japanese film directed by Kazuyuki Izutsu.

## Plot

Kosuke Matsuyama (Shun Shioya) is a second-year high school student who finds himself in the middle of a rampaging crowd of Korean boys, who are outraged by insults made by his classmates towards two Korean girls. Kosuke manages to escape, but he and his friend Yoshio (Keisuke Koide) are sent by their homeroom teacher to invite the Korean students to a friendly soccer game to restore peace.
When entering the territory, Kosuke encounters Lee Kyung-ja (Erika Sawajiri), a girl playing a Korean folk song on a flute. Kosuke and Yoshio are almost lynched by Lee Kyung-ja's older brother Lee An-sun (Sousuke Takaoka) and his gang, but Kosuke is already smitten.
Kosuke aims to learn and master a musical composition and earn the affection of a young woman from a hostile environment, while Lee An-sun and his group participate in street skirmishes with Japanese delinquents, which leads to multiple victories, and discovers that his partner Kyoko Yanagihara, is expecting a child and wants to keep it, which leads to Lee An-sun being left learning how to mature.

## Cast

* Shun Shioya as Kosuke Matsuyama (松山浩介), the main protagonist and a second-year student who falls in love with a girl of Korean origin, Lee Kyung-ja.
* Keisuke Koide as Norio Yoshida (吉田紀男), Kosuke Matsuyama's best friend.
* Sousuke Takaoka as Lee An-sung (이안성/イ・アンソン), a Zainichi Korean troublemaker who is the hot headed older brother of Lee Kyung-ja.
* Erika Sawajiri as Lee Kyung-ja (이경자/イ・キョンジャ), a Zainichi Korean student who studies in a North korean school in Kyoto and Lee An-sung's shy younger sister who dreams of becoming a movie star. She's also the love interest of Kosuke Matsuyama.
* Kazuki Namioka as Motoki Bang-ho (모토키 방호/モトキ・バンホー), Lee An-sung's best friend.
* Hiroyuki Onoue as Park Jae-dok (박재독/パク・ジェドク), Lee An-sung's younger brother.
* Kyoko Yanagihara as Momoko (桃子), Lee An-sung's girlfriend who gets pregnant by him, making him make a decision about his life.
* Yoko Maki as Chun Gang-ja (전강자/チョン・ガンジャ), the best martial artist in the North korean school and the friend of Lee An-sung, Motoki and Jae-dok.
* Noriko Eguchi as Hyeyoung (혜영/ヘヨン), Chun Gang-ja's best friend

## Awards

48th Blue Ribbon Awards
* Won: Best Film
27th Yokohama Film Festival
* Won: Best Film
* Won: Best Director - Kazuyuki Izutsu
* Won: Best Cinematography - Hideo Yamamoto
* Won: Best Newcomer - Erika Sawajiri and Shun Shioya
# Laura Vaughan

Laura Vaughan is a professor of urban form and society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. In 2018, she appeared on BBC Radio 4's Thinking Aloud to discuss her book Mapping Society: The Spatial Dimensions of Social Cartography.

## Selected publications

* Suburban Urbanities: Suburbs and the Life of the High Street. UCL Press, London, 2015. (Edited) (free pdf download)
* Mapping Society: The Spatial Dimensions of Social Cartography. UCL Press, London, 2018. (free pdf download)
# Twenty-fourth Amendment

The Twenty-fourth Amendment may refer to:
* Twenty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India (1971), granting parliament the power to amend any part of the constitution
* Twenty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2001 (Ireland)
* Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2017)
* Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1964)
# Château de Châtenay-en-France

The Château de Châtenay is located in Châtenay-en-France, 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of Paris. The estate stretches over more than 19 hectares (47 acres) of land and shelters a 19th-century castle, an 18th-century farm and the orangerie. Its romantic garden has remained essentially unchanged for more than a century.

## History

The history of Châtenay began in 1097, with the donation of the parish church to the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Martin-des-Champs. At that time, a stately mansion and a large farm testified to the agricultural wealth of this area, known as the Pays de France. The mansion and the farm were both sold as national property during the French Revolution to the Herelle family, which was to develop a residential project.
The latter included a neo-classical mansion built in 1878 by architect Dainville and a 19-hectare (47-acre) romantic garden. Work on the park began in 1835 under the leadership of landscape architect Louis-Sulpice Varé, who would later be entrusted by Napoleon III to design the Bois de Boulogne, in Paris. It was completed in 1884 by the Bühler brothers, creators of the Parc de la Tête d'Or, in Lyon. The result is a romantic garden following the “modern” laws depicted by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in La Nouvelle Héloïse, as opposed to the previously fashionable French garden style. The Château, a Louis XIIIth-styled mansion, is home to several social venues, its landmark being the Grand Salon and its large terrace overlooking the surrounding forests of Halatte and Chantilly.
The Renaud family, who acquired the property in 1922, kept it in its original integrity, while continuing their predecessors’ work. In 1987, landscape gardener Gilles Clément designed new parts of the grounds and cleared some others, which had been obstructed by prolific vegetation. Now protected as a National Heritage Site of France area and part of a Regional Natural Park, Châtenay is preserved from wild urbanism, despite its proximity to Paris (24 km or 15 mi) and Charles de Gaulle Airport (16 km or 10 mi).
Therefore, the Château de Châtenay can be considered as a witness of the cultural and social life of French bourgeoisie in the 19th century. Since 1983, it has been dedicated to seminars, professional meetings, launching of products or less formal corporate events.
# Brendan Ellis

Brendan Ellis (born 1951) is an Irish artist and teacher based in Belfast.

## Education

Ellis studied at St Mary's Grammar School and the Ulster Polytechnic (now Ulster University). He moved to London in 1974 and he gained his master's degree at the Royal College of Art in 1977. As part of his studies there, he won the John Minton Drawing Prize.

## Early career

In the late 1970s, he worked as a teacher, as well as being a clerical officer and mural painter for the Civil Service. In 1979 he became a medical artist at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. From 1987 he was shop steward for the Confederation of Health Service Employees at the hospital.

## Artwork

His artistic work includes the Stations of the Cross for St Columba's Roman Catholic Church, Annan, Dumfriesshire (1984), commissions for churches in England, from 1990 and a commissioned self-portrait for the National Collection, Limerick in 1992.
His work focuses on aspects of the troubles in Northern Ireland, depicting stylized characters against the backdrop of everyday scenes of urban life affected by political violence.
Ellis has had solo exhibitions in Belfast, at the Kerlin Gallery in Dublin, and at the Arts Council of Northern Ireland.
He has worked as a medical artist at the Royal Hospitals in Belfast since 1979.

## Family

Ellis has a brother, Fergal Ellis, who is also an artist.
# Brendan Emmett Quigley

Brendan Emmett Quigley (born 1974) is an American crossword constructor. He has been described as a "crossword wunderkind". His work has been published in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Boston Globe, by the Los Angeles Times Syndicate, and The Onion. He appeared in the documentary Wordplay and the book Crossworld: One Man's Journey into America's Crossword Obsession.
In a 2007 interview, The Boston Globe Magazine credited Quigley with "making the New York Times crossword hip."

## Career

Quigley was born in Norwood, Massachusetts. He became interested in crosswords while studying at the University of New Hampshire. Will Shortz brought his first submission to the New York Times.
He lists Merl Reagle, Frank Longo, Elizabeth Gorski and Patrick Berry among his influences.
He has constructed puzzles for the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament, the Boston Crossword Puzzle Tournament, and Lollapuzzoola. As a tournament competitor, Brendan finished second in the E Division at the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament in 2001, and second in the Local Division at Lollapuzzoola 5 in 2012.
Quigley is also a musician, playing in such Boston-area bands as The Campaign For Real-Time and Hip Tanaka. He is currently a member of the Boston Typewriter Orchestra.
Quigley maintains a blog, entitled "Crossword Puzzles by Brendan Emmett Quigley."
# Brenda Lutz

Brenda J. Lutz holds a PhD in Politics from the University of Dundee in Scotland, and is currently an independent scholar, consultant, reviewer, and author in Massachusetts.
She has written numerous books, articles, and chapters on global terrorism, international political violence, and animal welfare, many with James M. Lutz, PhD. Her books include Global Terrorism (1st edition 2004, 2nd edition 2008, third edition 2014, fourth edition 2019), Terrorism: Origins and Evolution (Palgrave, 2005), Terrorism in America (Palgrave, 2007), Terrorism: The Basics (Routledge, 2011) and Brenda J. Lutz and James M. Lutz, Globalization and the Economic Consequences of Terrorism (London: Palgrave, 2017). . Recently she has been concentrating on the economic effects that terrorism can have and on the links between globalization and terrorism. Other topics Dr. Lutz researches and writes on include the anti-factory farming movement and animal welfare pressure groups, including articles in Global Economy Journal and Society and Animals. She continues her ongoing efforts to end the plight of animals in factory farms, and to help other abused animals. Dr. Lutz has presented at conferences in the United States and all around the globe. She has presented in Costa Rica for the United Nations, the Hebei Academy of Social Sciences in China, the Foreign Service Institute in South Africa, the International Trade and Finance Association in Eilat, Israel, Istanbul, Turkey, Pisa, Italy, Oporto, Portugal, and Montpelier, France, the Institute for Security Studies in Pretoria, South Africa, and the South African Defence Intelligence College, and many more.
# Brenda MacGibbon

Kathryn Brenda MacGibbon-Taylor (July 31, 1944 – October 7, 2022) was a Canadian mathematician, statistician, and decision scientist. She was a professor of mathematics at the Université du Québec à Montréal and was affiliated with the Group for Research in Decision Analysis.

## Education and career

MacGibbon began her career in pure mathematics, at McGill University. She earned a master's degree there in 1966, working with Michael Herschorn on differential equations, and completed a Ph.D. in 1970, with a dissertation on topology supervised by Donald A. Dawson.
As well as McGill and the Université du Québec à Montréal, she has also been affiliated with the Department of Decision Sciences and Management Information Systems at Concordia University in Montreal, where she was hired in 1986. By 1993 she had moved to the Université du Québec à Montréal.

## Research

Although MacGibbon's research has covered a wide range of topics in statistics, including applications of statistics in the study of premenstrual syndrome, and the use of smart shoes to monitor the rehabilitation of patients with hip fractures, she was particularly known for her work in theoretical statistics on minimax estimators with constrained parameters.

## Recognition

MacGibbon became the first woman to chair the Statistical Sciences Grant Selection Committee of the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, in 1993. She was a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

## Personal life

MacGibbon was married to John Taylor, with whom she had 3 children. She died from complications of Alzheimer's disease and ALS on October 7, 2022, at the age of 78.
# Two-flue harpoon

The two-flue harpoon or two-flue iron (which, together with the one-flue harpoon, were known as common harpoons) is a type of harpoon used in whaling for at least 1000 years. It appears in works of art dating back to the 14th century.
In the early 19th century the design was modified, and the one-flue harpoon was created. By removing half of the point, the chance of the point cutting its way back out of the whale was greatly reduced.