OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cuthbert Collingwood (died 1597)

Cuthbert Collingwood (d. 1597) was an English landowner.
He was the son of John Collingwood and Ursula Buckton. His family homes were Eslington.
He was captured at the Raid of the Redeswire in 1575 and taken to Scotland, where he was held for a time in Dalkeith Palace, the residence of Regent Morton. A ballad about this border incident calls Collingwood "that courteous knight". On 28 July 1587 a force from the Scottish border attacked Eslington and he was forced to flee. Two of his servants were injured and three horses were taken.
Collingwood had a feud with the Selby of Twizell family. On 6 November 1586 he was returning from Newcastle to his home, with his wife and daughter, when he encountered William Selby, son of John Selby. Collingwood was shot but survived, and one of his companions William Clavering was killed.

## Marriage and family

Collingwood married Dorothy Bowes, a daughter of Sir George Bowes of Dalden. Their children included:
* Thomas Collingwood (d. 1597), who married Anne Grey, a daughter of Ralph Grey of Chillingham
* Mary Collingwood, who married James Clavering, eldest son of Robert Clavering of Callelie.
* Fortune Collingwood, who married Henry Anderson
* Dorothy Collingwood, who married Nicholas Thorneton
* Jane Collingwood, who married William Read
* Rebecca Collingwood, who married (1) Thomas Salvin, (2) Frobisher
* Travenian Collingwood
* Katherine Collingwood
# Cuthbert Cary-Elwes

Cuthbert Cary-Elwes (1 October 1867, Boulogne (France) - 22 August 1945, London) was an English Jesuit priest, itinerant missionary and founder of the Rupununi Mission, in South-Guyana.

## Youth and Formation

After studying at Downside Abbey and Stonyhurst College he joined the Society of Jesus on 7 September 1887. He followed the regular course of philosophical studies at St Mary’s Hall, Stonyhurst (1890-1893) and Theology with the French Jesuits, first at Jersey and then Lyons (1897–1901). He is ordained priest the 18 July 1900, in London.

## Missionary calling

Inspired by an uncle, missionary in South Africa, he writes in 1902 to the Superior General of the Jesuits, Luis Martin, offering to be sent to any mission land, China or ‘the wild Indians of Brazil’. The General leaves the decision to the local provincial who accedes to the desire of Cary-Elwes and sends him to British Guyana in 1904.
After three years in Georgetown, headquarter of the British colony, Cary-Elwes is finally sent to the interior of the country. He is stationed first at Morawhanna, at the border of Venezuela where he does catechism and pastoral work.
But a new mission is to be opened further south in Guyana, close to the Brazilian border. Cary-Elwes is chosen for the challenging task. In 1909 he travels through the Amazonian forest to reach the Takutu River. He is in Macushi and Wapishana territory, two Amerindian groups whose langue he learns. For two years he has to rely entirely on interpreters for communicating with them. But soon his progressive fluency in the languages allows him to make himself understood among the Patamona people who receive him well. He builds many simple houses and a few churches. Quite a few people receive baptism.
His pastoral area covers 300 square miles (780 km$^2$) through which he walks for hours and days, finding this more helpful for prayer: «without a real spirit of prayer my life as a missionary would be impossible». Once he had mastered the Makushi language he used to sit long hours into the night, surrounded by men, women and children, talking, singing and instructing them in an informal way. Rupununi people called him ‘Little padre’, an affectionate title.

## Return to England

In January 1923, struck by a severe mental breakdown that left him disoriented in the forest for several weeks he was taken back to Georgetown and repatriated to England. He recovered fairly well, but a return to Guyana was deemed unthinkable. His Rupununi congregation of Christians kept on asking news about his ’Little padre’ but Cary-Elwes had to remain in England.
For another 20 years he gave lectures, missions and retreats, and published his notes on the Makushi, and other tribal languages of the region. Keeping in touch with the mission he used to compose hymns in Wapishana. Cuthbert Cary-Elwes died in London on 23 August 1945.

## Recognition

Acknowledging the great contribution the simple missionary made to the people of the Amazonian forest made, the Guyana postal department issued in 2007 a stamp in honour of the Missionary among the Amerindians.
# Cyber City

Cyber City or Cybercity may refer to:
* Cyber City Gurgaon, an industrial park in Gurgaon, India
* Cyber City Kochi, a proposed Special Economic Zone information technology park adjacent to Kochi, India
* Cyber City, Magarpatta a privately owned gated community in the Hadapsar–area of Pune, India
* Ebene CyberCity, a city on the island nation of Mauritius
* Cybercity 1, a planned city and part of the Multimedia Super Corridor project in Malaysia
* Cyber City Oedo 808, a 1990–91 cyberpunk original video animation
* Yadanabon Cyber City, the largest information technology center in Myanmar
* Cyber City, a fictional city in the role-playing game Deltarune: Chapter 2
* Cybercity, a Danish Internet provider, now part of Telenor Denmark
# Centerville, Talbot County, Georgia

Centerville is an unincorporated community in Talbot County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

Centerville was established in the 1820s as the county seat. Centerville then was located near the geographic center of Talbot County, hence the name. A variant name was "Centre". The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the place as the "Town of Centreville" in 1835. The town once had its own school district, formed by an act of legislature in 1905. The town was an incorporated municipality until its charter was officially dissolved in 1995.
# Centerville, Pennsylvania

Centerville/Centreville is the name of several places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:
* Centerville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania
* Centerville, Washington County, Pennsylvania
* Centreville, the original name of the village of Penns Creek, Pennsylvania
* Centreville, the original name of the village of Kersey, Pennsylvania
* Centreville, the original name of the borough of Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania
# Cuomo (disambiguation)

Cuomo may refer to:
* Cuomo, a surname of Italian origin
* Governor Cuomo (disambiguation), several governors named "Cuomo" (belonging to the Cuomo family)
* Cuomo family, a U.S. political family based in New York State
* The Cuomo Mag, aka "The Cuomo", a 3-D printed AR-15 gun ammunition clip magazine
# Centre to Empower All Survivors of Exploitation and Trafficking

The Centre to Empower All Survivors of Exploitation and Trafficking is a non-profit organization in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

## History

The Centre to Empower All Survivors of Exploitation (CEASE) and Trafficking was formerly named the Centre to End All Sexual Exploitation and before that the Prostitution Awareness and Action Foundation of Edmonton (PAAFE). In April 2011, CEASE replaced PAAFE. Kate Quinn has been the executive director of CEASE since 2011.
In the early 1990s, the City of Edmonton formed an organization named Communities for Controlled Prostitution, which was later renamed Communities for Changing Prostitution. Because of widespread prostitution in the Edmonton neighborhoods of Boyle Street and McCauley, the police chief of the City of Edmonton declared 1992 "The Year of The John." Mayor Jan Reimer and Police Chief Doug McNally subsequently launched the Action Group on Prostitution and the Mayor's Safer Cities Advisory Committee expanded to include Communities for Changing Prostitution. At this time, several Edmonton streets were converted to one-way travel in an attempt to restrict circling vehicles.

## Programs

In 1996, the City of Edmonton launched its Prostitution Offender Program (“John School”) which is now called STOP: Sex Trade Offender Program. CEASE continues to coordinate the Sex Trade Offender Program and manage the funds generated by the program.

## Activity

CEASE follows three strategies: heal the harm; build for the future; and champion social equality. The organization offers trauma recovery counselling sessions, peer support, education, ensuring survivors' income stability, and testification in court against offenders.

## Events

Each year, the Centre to Empower All Survivors of Exploitation and Trafficking hosts the Men of Honour ceremony, which recognizes men in society who show exemplary leadership to end gender discrimination and violence. For example: Mark Huyser-Wierenga and Amarjeet Sohi received the award in 2014 and 2015 respectively.
# Celebrate Mistakes

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | |
| Punk News | |
Celebrate Mistakes is the first full-length album by American indie rock band Number One Gun, released on August 12, 2003.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jeff Schneeweis.
# Cyperacarus

Cyperacarus is a genus of flat mites in the family Tenuipalpidae, containing the following species:
* Cyperacarus foliatus Beard & Ochoa, 2011
* Cyperacarus naomae Beard & Ochoa, 2011
# Cerberilla annulata

Cerberilla annulata is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine heterobranch mollusc in the family Aeolidiidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from New Caledonia. It has been reported from localities in the Indo-West Pacific region from Tanzania, Tahiti and New Caledonia and is probably widespread in the Indo-West Pacific.

## Description

All Cerberilla species have a broad foot and the cerata are long and numerous, arranged in transverse rows across the body. In this species the long oral tentacles have diffuse bands of light and dark blue and there is a narrow band of black and a band of yellow on each of the white cerata. Some specimens have white pigment on the oral tentacles and broad black bands on the cerata and this name may represent a species complex.

## Ecology

Species of Cerberilla live on and in sandy substrates where they burrow beneath the surface and feed on burrowing sea anemones.
# Cephalosporin-C deacetylase

The enzyme cephalosporin-C deacetylase (EC 3.1.1.41) catalyzes the reaction
    cephalosporin C + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ deacetylcephalosporin C + acetate
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is cephalosporin-C acetylhydrolase. Other names in common use include cephalosporin C acetyl-hydrolase, cephalosporin C acetylase, cephalosporin acetylesterase, cephalosporin C acetylesterase, cephalosporin C acetyl-esterase, and cephalosporin C deacetylase. This enzyme participates in penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1L7A, 1ODS, 1ODT, and 1VLQ.
# Home From School: The Children of Carlisle

Home From School: The Children of Carlisle is a 2021 documentary film. The film tells the story of a group of Northern Arapaho who seek to recover the remains of Arapaho children buried in the 1880s on the grounds of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
The film aired on Independent Lens on PBS on November 23, 2021.
# Cyanophycin

Cyanophycin, also known as CGP (cyanophycin granule polypeptide) or multi-L-arginyl-poly (L-aspartic acid), is a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
Cyanophycin was first detected in 1887 by the Italian botanist Antonino Borzì and can be found in most cyanobacteria and a few heterotrophic bacteria such as Acinetobacter sp. Cyanophycin is largely insoluble under physiological conditions and is accumulated in the form of granules in the cytoplasm during phosphate or sulfur starvation, generally in the early and mid-stationary phase. It is used as a nitrogen- and possibly carbon-storage compound and also serves as a dynamic buffer for fixed nitrogen in cyanobacterial heterocysts. Nitrogen and carbon are mobilized from cyanophycin by intracellular cyanophycinase in the form of aspartate-arginine dipeptides.
Cyanophycin is synthesized from arginine and aspartate in an ATP-dependent reaction catalyzed by a single enzyme, cyanophycin synthetase. Cyanophycin is of potential interest to biotechnology as a source of polyaspartic acid. Due to its unusual polyamphoteric character, cyanophycin is soluble in water under acidic (0.1 M HCl) and alkaline conditions. Heterologous expression of cyanophycin synthetase allows production of cyanophycin in a number of biotechnologically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Since insoluble forms of CGP are easily purified, most studies have overlooked the synthesis of CGP that is soluble at a neutral pH. To compare the two, insoluble CGP can be solubilized by only weak acids while soluble CGP can be separated with the process of precipitation by using acetone or ethanol. In 2014, an experiment by Steinbüchel and Wiefel determined that the amount of lysine residue can regulate the solubility of cyanophycin, with higher levels of lysine negatively correlating to the temperature needed to make the polymer soluble with aqueous solvents. It was concluded that insoluble and soluble CGP are not distinct polymers, since they originate from the same polymer mixture, but are instead classified as mixes of cyanophycin mixtures with varying concentrations of lysine residues.
The ability of lysine to partially replace the arginine side chain encouraged research of CGP variants with amino acids such as ornithine and citrulline. Lysine, ornithine and citrulline all have an affinity for cyanophycin synthase (L-aspartate-adding) enzyme CphA. Wiefel, Bröker and Steinbüchel conducted an experiment demonstrating that citrulline-rich cyanophycin can be produced through the introduction of a citrulline-producing strain. It was also determined that insoluble CGP only exhibited minuscule concentrations of citrulline while soluble CGP was able to produce a high concentration of citrulline. This trend is also similar for ornithine.
# Hobsons Bay Coastal Trail

The Hobsons Bay Coastal Trail is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians, which follows the coast line of Hobsons Bay in the inner western suburbs in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The trail forms part of the western half of the Bayside Trail which encircles Port Phillip. It runs from the west side of the Westgate bridge, south and along the coast, finishing at the Skeleton Creek Trail in Sanctuary Lakes.

## Following the Path

Towards the Footscray end the path connects with the Maribyrnong River Trail and passes the offices of the Lonely Planet publications. At this junction cyclists can continue north on the Maribyrnong River Trail or connect to the Footscray Road off-road path which continues directly to the Docklands and the Capital City Trail.
Between Footscray and Spotswood is a 3 metre wide off-road which continues south down Moreland Street, Whitehall Street before turning west down Somerville Road and then south again down Hyde Street for approximately 1 kilometre. Under the West Gate Bridge the 3 metre trail continues south along the banks of the Yarra River for approximately 3 km to Williamstown. From here continuous paths can be followed to Altona.
On weekends a punt takes cyclists across the Yarra River from Spotswood near the Scienceworks Museum.

## Connections

In the north is the Maribyrnong River Trail as well as the Footscray Road Path which connects to the Capital City Trail in Docklands. Heading south the trail goes through Williamstown and intersects the lower Kororoit Creek Trail in Altona, then the Laverton Creek Trail. In the south the path terminates at the Skeleton Creek Trail in Altona Meadows.
* North end at 37°49′54″S 144°53′43″E﻿ / ﻿37.831687°S 144.895411°E﻿ / -37.831687; 144.895411 (the punt)
* South end at 37°53′48″S 144°46′55″E﻿ / ﻿37.896534°S 144.781834°E﻿ / -37.896534; 144.781834.
# Curaçao reaal

The reaal was the currency of Curaçao until 1828. It was subdivided into 6 stuiver, with 20 stuiver equal to the Dutch gulden.

## History

Between 1799 and 1815, 12 reaal were equal to a Spanish dollar (8 reales). From 1815 until 1828, 15 reaal were equal to a Spanish dollar. Many of the coins were produced from overstamped or cut Spanish or Spanish colonial coins. In 1828, the reaal was replaced by the Dutch gulden at the rate of 3⅓ reaal = 1 gulden.

## Coins

In 1801, 9 stuiver (1½ reaal) coins were issued, made by stamping "9" on Spanish colonial 1 real coins. In 1810, quarter cut 8 real coins were stamped with a five-petalled flower to produce 3 reaal coins. In 1815, fifth cut 8 real coins were also stamped with a five-petalled flower to produce smaller 3 reaal coins.
In 1818, fifth and third cut 8 real coins were stamped with "3" and "5", respectively to produce 3 and 5 reaal coins. Issue of the 3 reaal coins continued until 1825. In 1821, silver 1 reaal coins were struck, followed by 1 stuiver coins in 1822. After the introduction of the Dutch currency, the 1 stuiver coins were again struck in 1840 and 1841 (without changing the date) and circulated as 2 cent coins.
# Honduran small-eared shrew

The Honduran small-eared shrew (Cryptotis hondurensis) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in Honduras and possibly in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.
# Honduran real

The real was the currency of Honduras until 1862. Before 1824, the Spanish colonial real circulated, followed by the Central American Republic real. Sixteen silver reales equalled one gold escudo.
Honduras's own real was introduced in 1832. Coins were issued in denominations of 1⁄2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales. The first issues were minted in 33.3% silver but severe debasement followed, leading to an issue in 1853 containing just 4% silver. This was followed in 1855 and 1856 by an issue in copper and then an issue between 1857 and 1861 in a copper-lead alloy.
The real was replaced by the peso at a rate of 8 reales = 1 peso. The real continued as the subdivision of the peso until 1871.
# Chadwick's sign

Chadwick sign is a medical clinical sign characterised by the bluish-violet discolouration of the mucous membranes of the vulva, vagina (particularly on the anterior vaginal wall), and the cervix, resulting from venous congestion due to increased blood flow as part of the maternal physiological changes in pregnancy. This clinical sign can be observed during a patient's examination as early as 8 to 12 weeks' gestation, serving as an early sign of pregnancy, but it is rarely seen before 7 weeks' gestation.
The discovery of this colour change dates back to approximately 1836 when French doctor Étienne Joseph Jacquemin (1796–1872) first identified it. Subsequently, James Read Chadwick, after presenting a paper before the American Gynecological Society in 1886, and subsequently publishing it the following year, brought attention to this phenomenon. In his paper, Chadwick acknowledged Jacquemin for the initial discovery of the color changes associated with pregnancy.
# Cerchez (river)

The Cerchez is a right tributary of the river Ceair in Romania. It flows into the Ceair near Dumbrăveni. Its length is 23 km (14 mi) and its basin size is 90 km$^2$ (35 sq mi).
# Cyanea

Cyanea may refer to:
* Cyanea (jellyfish), a genus of jellyfish in the family Cyaneidae
* Cyanea (plant), a genus of Hawaiian plants in the family Campanulaceae
* Cyanea, a Naiad
* Cyanea, a species name
# Hope Gardens

Hope Gardens may refer to:
* A housing block in Bushwick, Brooklyn
* Hope Botanical Gardens, Kingston, Jamaica
# Holmes Summit

Holmes Summit is a peak rising to 1,875 metres (6,150 ft), the highest elevation in the Read Mountains of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy in 1967 and was surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey in the period 1968–71. In association with the names of geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Professor Arthur Holmes, after whom the Holmes Hills in Palmer Land were also named.
# Cerro El Sol

Cerro El Sol, also known as Wei- or Uei-tepui, is a small tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. It is situated off the northern flank of Auyán-tepui, just northwest of the similarly small Cerro La Luna, and forms part of the Auyán Massif. Both it and Cerro La Luna emerge near the end of a long forested ridge leading from Auyán-tepui. Cerro El Sol has an elevation of around 1,750 metres (5,740 ft) and a summit area of 0.6 km$^2$ (0.23 sq mi).
# Cyriel Buysse

Cyrillus Gustave Emile "Cyriel" Buysse (pronounced; 20 September 1859 – 25 July 1932) was a Flemish naturalist author and playwright. He also wrote under the following pseudonyms: Louis Bonheyden, Prosper Van Hove and Robert Palmer.

## Biography

Buysse was born on 20 September 1859 in Nevele, Belgium in a well-to-do family. Before he could complete his studies at the Atheneum in Ghent, he joined the family's chicory factory at the request of his father.
At the suggestion of his aunt Virginie Loveling, herself an author, he started writing when he was twenty-six. When his father found out that he was dating a girl he had met in a local bar, he was told to leave the ancestral home. Between 1886 and 1896 he emigrated to the United States several times, but he returned more disillusioned each time. The written account of his travels is known as Twee Herinneringen uit Amerika (Two memories from America), written in 1888.
Buysse became known as a naturalist writer in the tradition of Stijn Streuvels, Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant. Although he had been educated in French, which was common for sons of wealthy Flemish families in that era, most of his work would be in Dutch. His writing is characterised by a deep sympathy for the common man, whose life he vividly and realistically describes.
In 1893 he co-edited the literary periodical Van Nu en Straks (On Now and Soon) together with Prosper Van Langendonck, August Vermeylen en Emmanuel De Bom, but left soon afterwards following an argument. In the same year, he wrote his first novel Het recht van den sterkste (The Law of the Jungle).
Buysse married the Dutch widow Nelly Dyserinck in 1896 and spent winters in The Hague in the Netherlands, where his son René Cyriel was born in 1897, while staying at his rural estate in Afsnee in Belgium during summer.
In 1903, he co-founded another literary magazine, Groot Nederland together with Louis Couperus en Willem Gerard van Nouhuys which he continued to edit until his death.
During the German occupation of Belgium in the first World War, Buysse remained in the Netherlands. He became an active contributor to the newspaper De Vlaamsche Stem (The Flemish Voice). In 1918, after the Armistice, he returned to Belgium where his talent was now widely recognized: he received the state prize for literature in 1921, and became a member of the Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Taal- en Letterkunde (Royal Flemish Academy of Language and Literature) in 1930. In 1932 he was ennobled by King Albert I to the rank of baron, which was then a rare honour for a writer, and ironic given the tone and subject of his books; since he died four days later he was not able to receive the appropriate letters patent and so was unable to use the title. In October 1934 his widow Nelly Dyserinck was ennobled and styled a baroness.
His naturalist play The van Paemel Family (1902) is still being performed regularly. It has also been turned into a movie in 1986.
Buysse died on 25 July 1932 in Afsnee, Belgium.