OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hem Singh Pruthi

Hem Singh Pruthi (23 February 1897 – 23 December 1969) was an Indian entomologist who served as Imperial Entomologist, being the first native Indian in that position.
He was born at Begowala, Sialkot where his father Dr Bhagat Singh Pruti worked in the Police and Jail Hospital at Gujranwala. He studied locally and completed his MSc at the Government College in Lahore and joined Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he was a Charles Abercrombie Smith Student and obtained a Ph.D. in 1924. Pruthi received an Sc.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1943. He then became an assistant superintendent at the Zoological Survey of India at Calcutta. He worked mainly on the Hemiptera. He then joined the Indian Agricultural Research Institute and became the Imperial Entomologist, succeeding T.B. Fletcher in 1934. In 1938 he founded the Entomological Society of India. Pruthi's work during this period was mainly on insects of economic importance. He was a plant protection advisor to the Government of India and helped establish a locust warning system. He retired in 1953. In 1963 he published a Textbook of Agricultural Entomology.
A number of genera of hemipterans have been named after him including Pruthiana, Pruthiorosius, and Pruthius. His student M.S. Mani named a fly genus Pruthidiplosis after him.
A species of Indian lizard, Subdoluseps pruthi, is named after him.
# Henry Bedford

Henry Bedford may refer to:
* Henry Bedford (educator) (1816–1903), English Catholic convert, educator and writer
* Henry Bedford (cricketer) (c. 1854–?), English cricketer
* Henry Edward Bedford (1860–1932), American painter and sculptor
# Albert Ellis (disambiguation)

Albert Ellis (1913–2007) was an American psychologist.
Albert Ellis may also refer to:
* Albert Ellis (prospector) (1869–1951), New Zealand prospector and administrator
* Albert J. Ellis Airport, a public airport near Jacksonville, North Carolina, US
* Albert Ellis (footballer) (1889–1961), English footballer
* Albert Gallatin Ellis (1800–1885), politician, newspaper publisher and editor in Wisconsin, US
* Albert H. Ellis (1861–1950), politician and farmer from Oklahoma
# Helen Palmer (archer)

Helen Palmer (born 19 September 1974) is a British recurve archer who represented Great Britain at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Prior to winning selection to the British Olympic archery team, Palmer had been a member of the British team that concluded the 2003 World Archery Championships in third place. In Athens she finished in sixty-first place in the preliminary 72-arrow ranking round, which determined the seedings for the subsequent elimination rounds of the women's individual event, setting up a first round encounter with 1996 Olympic silver medalist He Ying of China. Over the sixteen-arrow match He outscored Palmer by 141 points to 130, eliminating Palmer from the event. Palmer and her teammates Naomi Folkard and Alison Williamson also failed to advance beyond the first elimination stage of the team competition after losing to India by 230 points to 228.
At the time of the 2004 Olympics, Palmer was a senior marketing manager with Alliance and Leicester bank, and a member of the Long Mynd Archers club in Church Stretton, Shropshire.
# Pierre-Simon Girard

Pierre-Simon Girard (4 November 1765 – 30 November 1836) was a French mathematician and engineer, who worked on fluid mechanics.
Girard was born in Caen. A prodigy who invented a water turbine at the age of ten, he worked as an engineer at the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées. He was in charge of planning and construction of the Amiens canal and the Ourcq canal. He collaborated with Gaspard de Prony on the Dictionnaire des Ponts et Chaussées (Dictionary of Bridges and Highways, 1787). He wrote on fluids, and in 1798 he published a monograph, Traité analytique de la résistance des solides on beam theory, including possibly its first history, within the topic of strength of materials. The complicated beam equations were not of practical much use, since he applied Euler's non-linear theory. In 1799, he and other engineers and scientists accompanied Napoleon on his expedition to Egypt. He died in Paris, aged 71.

## Important works

The 1798 monograph Traite Analytique de la Resistance des solides, et des solides d'e'gale Resistance, Auquel on a joint une suite de nouvelles Experiences sur la force, et Velasticite specifique des Bois de Chine et de Sapin was reviewed by Isaac Todhunter, and his editor, Karl Pearson as follows.
   This work very fitly closes the labours of the 18th century. It is the first practical treatise on Elasticity; and one of the first attempts to make searching experiments on the elastic properties of beams. It is not only valuable as containing the total knowledge of that day on the subject, but also by reason of an admirable historical introduction... The work appears to have been begun in 1787 and portions of it presented to the Academie in 1792. Its final publication was delayed till the experiments on elastic bodies, the results of which are here tabulated, were concluded at Havre.
# Hemin

Hemin (haemin; ferric chloride heme) is an iron-containing porphyrin with chlorine that can be formed from a heme group, such as heme B found in the hemoglobin of human blood.

## Chemistry

Hemin is protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron (Fe$^{3+}$) ion with a coordinating chloride ligand.
Chemically, hemin differs from the related heme-compound hematin chiefly in that the coordinating ion is a chloride ion in hemin, whereas the coordinating ion is a hydroxide ion in hematin. The iron ion in haem is ferrous (Fe$^{2+}$), whereas it is ferric (Fe$^{3+}$) in both hemin and hematin.
Hemin is endogenously produced in the human body, for example during the turnover of old red blood cells. It can form inappropriately as a result of hemolysis or vascular injury. Several proteins in human blood bind to hemin, such as hemopexin and serum albumin.

## Pharmacological use

A lyophilised form of hemin is used as a pharmacological agent in certain cases for the treatment of porphyria attacks, particularly in acute intermittent porphyria. Administration of hemin can reduce heme deficits in such patients, thereby suppressing the activity of delta-amino-levulinic acid synthase (a key enzyme in the synthesis of the porphyrins) by biochemical feedback, which in turn reduces the production of porphyrins and of the toxic precursors of heme. In such pharmacological contexts, hemin is typically formulated with human albumin prior to administration by a medical professional, to reduce the risk of phlebitis and to stabilize the compound, which is potentially reactive if allowed to circulate in free-form. Such pharmacological forms of hemin are sold under a range of trade names including the trademarks Panhematin and Normosang.

## History of isolation

Hemin was first crystallized out of blood in 1853, by Ludwik Karol Teichmann. Teichmann discovered that blood pigments can form microscopic crystals. Thus, crystals of hemin are occasionally referred to as 'Teichmann crystals'. Hans Fischer synthesized hemin, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1930. Fischer's procedure involves treating defibrinated blood with a solution of sodium chloride in acetic acid.

## Forensics

Hemin can be produced from hemoglobin by the so-called Teichmann test, when hemoglobin is heated with glacial acetic acid (saturated with saline). This can be used to detect blood traces.

## Other

Hemin is considered the "X factor" required for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae.
# Alena Postlová

Alena Postlová (later Alena Kvasilová–Postlová, 24 March 1939 – 13 May 2005) was a Czechoslovakian rower. She won the 1962 European Rowing Championships in single sculls. She competed at European Rowing Championships between 1959 and 1970 in single and double sculls. At the 1963 European Rowing Championships in Moscow, she capsized in the final.
# Pieter Coopse

Pieter Coopse or Pieter Jansz. Coops (c. 1640–1673), was a Dutch Golden Age seascape painter and draughtsman from Hoorn in the Northern Netherlands.
According to the RKD (Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, a.k.a. Netherlands Institute for Art History'), he was a pupil of the seascape painter Ludolf Bakhuizen who resided at Hoorn in 1662–1663. He signed his name P.Coopse, sometimes with a second initial J for Jansz, but he seldom added a date. He painted marine subjects and landscapes, in the manner of Bakhuisen and Van de Velde, flourished about the year 1672. His pictures are generally of a small size, well composed, full of subject, and vigorously painted. There is a picture by him in the Gallery at Munich, which is attributed to Bakhuisen in the catalogue, though the name may be discovered on it: in England the dealers are more cautious; they remove it. Ploos van Amstel and others have given facsimiles of some of his drawings; but it is only recently that his own countrymen have discovered his merit as a painter in oil.
# Hemirhamphodon

Hemirhamphodon is a genus of viviparous halfbeak fish. Most recognized species are endemic to lowland forest streams, rivers and swamps in Borneo (often in areas with peat), but H. phaiosoma and H. pogonognathus are also found elsewhere in Southeast Asia. The largest species reaches about 10 cm (4 in) in length. These fish are viviparous (with the exception of oviparious H. tengah) and are sometimes kept as aquarium fish, but otherwise have no commercial value.

## Species

There are currently nine recognized species in this genus:
* Hemirhamphodon byssus H. H. Tan & K. K. P. Lim, 2013
* Hemirhamphodon chrysopunctatus Brembach, 1978
* Hemirhamphodon kapuasensis Collette, 1991
* Hemirhamphodon kecil H. H. Tan & K. K. P. Lim, 2013
* Hemirhamphodon kuekenthali Steindachner, 1901
* Hemirhamphodon phaiosoma (Bleeker, 1852)
* Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus (Bleeker, 1853)
* Hemirhamphodon sesamum H. H. Tan & K. K. P. Lim, 2013
* Hemirhamphodon tengah Collette, 1991
# Alan Robert Murray

Alan Robert Murray (July 30, 1954 – February 24, 2021) was an American sound editor.
Murray was nominated for ten Academy Awards. In 2007, Murray won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing for his work on Letters from Iwo Jima (2005). In 2015, Murray won his second Academy Award for Best Sound Editing for his work on American Sniper (2014). He shared both awards with Bub Asman. Murray earned his tenth nomination at the 92nd Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing for Joker, setting record for the Sound Editing category. He died in Los Angeles on February 24, 2021, at age 66.

## Academy Awards

With ten nominations, Alan Robert Murray has set a record for becoming the most-nominated sound editor for the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing category, surpassed Richard Hymns with nine nominations.
| Year | Film | Collaborator | Result |
| 1986 (58th) | Ladyhawke | Robert G. Henderson | Nominated |
| 1990 (62nd) | Lethal Weapon 2 | Robert G. Henderson | Nominated |
| 1997 (69th) | Eraser | Bub Asman | Nominated |
| 2001 (73rd) | Space Cowboys | Bub Asman | Nominated |
| 2007 (79th) | Letters from Iwo Jima | Bub Asman | Won |
| 2007 (79th) | Flags of Our Fathers | Bub Asman | Nominated |
| 2015 (87th) | American Sniper | Bub Asman | Won |
| 2016 (88th) | Sicario | — | Nominated |
| 2017 (89th) | Sully | Bub Asman | Nominated |
| 2020 (92nd) | Joker | - | Nominated |
# Alan Robert Webster

Alan Robert Webster (born 1965 in Hatfield, Hertfordshire) is a high-profile English prisoner who pleaded guilty to several counts of rape against a 12-week-old baby girl, and making indecent images in January 2006. The girl was being babysat by his girlfriend Tanya Louise French (born 1986 in Wolverhampton), who also pleaded guilty to charges related to the attack. Webster also pleaded guilty to the rape of a 14-year-old girl and possession of child pornography.
He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of six years. This was increased to eight years by the Court of Appeal on 8 June 2006. Lord Chief Justice, Lord Phillips stated in his ruling that he questioned if the Parole Board should ever consider Webster's release considering the "depravity" of the crime. French was jailed for five years at HM Prison New Hall, Flockton, West Yorkshire, and has since been released. Judge Findlay Baker said of the case "There are no words to express the abhorrence such offending generates".
# Pilgrim Fathers Memorial

The Pilgrim Fathers Memorial is located on the north bank of The Haven at the site of the former Scotia Creek, Fishtoft, seaward of Boston in Lincolnshire, England, and consists of a small granite obelisk mounted on a granite block. It commemorates the attempt at finding religious freedom in September, 1607 by the Scrooby Congregation, a group of English Separatist Protestants who left for Holland. They were precursors of the Pilgrims who later crossed the Atlantic to New England.

## Connection to the Pilgrim Fathers

The men from Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, chartered a Dutch vessel to transport them to the Netherlands in 1607, but the attempt was thwarted when the captain betrayed them to the local authorities. They were arrested and taken by boat to attend a hearing by the magistrates in the Boston Guildhall, and they were imprisoned in the cells there for about a month.
In 1608, after their release, they made a second, this time successful, attempt from the Humber first arriving in Amsterdam. The Scrooby congregation moved to Leiden in 1609, before setting sail in 1620 for the New World via Southampton and Plymouth.

## The memorial

The memorial was erected by the former Boston Borough Council in 1957, on the 350th anniversary of the event. The work was carried out by Leake's Masonry. The ceremony was attended by several members of the General Society of Mayflower Descendants, who made a donation towards the cost of the monument. Its design is a tapering shaft rising from a base-block, intended to symbolise the urge which drove a small band of men and women to leave their country and kinsfolk for conscience's sake. The material used typifies by its strength the power and stability of their faith.
The inscription on the front of the memorial used to read:
    "Near this place in September 1607 those later known as "The Pilgrim Fathers" set sail on their first attempt to find religious freedom across the seas. Erected 1957"
It has since been updated to the following:
    "Near this place in September 1607 those later known as the Pilgrim Fathers were thwarted in their first attempt to sail to find religious freedom across the seas.
    Memorial re-worded by the generous gift of the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches and The First Congregational Church of Wauwatosa WI USA - 2009"
# Henny Street

Henny Street is a hamlet in the civil parish of Great Henny and the Braintree district of Essex, England. The hamlet is on Henny Road at the east of the parish and adjacent to the west bank of the River Stour.
Henny Street is a linear hamlet south from, but incorporating, the junction of the road to Middleton, the adjacent parish to the north. The hamlet holds three Grade II listed buildings. Henny Cottage dates to the 14th century, was formerly a hall house and is plastered, timber framed and thatched. The timber framed, plastered and gabled Street Farmhouse, the focus of Street Farm, dates to the 15th century with later additions and alterations. Mill House, on the Stour side of the hamlet is early 19th century, plastered over timber framing. Between Mill house and the Stour is the redeveloped site of the former Henny Mill which was a water powered corn mill, later using steam, served by the Stour. To the north from Street Farm is The Swan public house and restaurant, whose facilities include ground across Henny Road to the Stour. Within the property at the edge of the Stour are the remains of a Second World War Type 22 pillbox.
The Swan and its victuallers are listed in trade directories from at least 1848 to at least 1933. Up to 1914 the victualler was also blacksmith, however, in 1863 he was also a farmer, and in 1894, a brewer. The miller at Henny Mill was the same person from at least 1863 to later than 1902. By 1914, the miller's executors were in control, the mill listed as using steam as well as water power, and from 1902 to at least 1914, the miller was also a baker. A miller was still trading in 1933. Farmers at Street Farm were listed from 1848 to 1933, the farmer in 1902 also employing a bailiff.
# Alberta Regiment

The Alberta Regiment was a short-lived infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). The regiment was formed by the reorganization of the 103rd Calgary Rifles into two separate regiments and the incorporation of a number of Canadian Expeditionary Force battalions into the peacetime militia. In 1924, the regiment was split into two separate regiments: The South Alberta Regiment (now part of The South Alberta Light Horse) and The North Alberta Regiment (disbanded in 1936).

## Lineage
### The Alberta Regiment

* Originated on 1 April 1910, in Calgary, Alberta, as the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles).
* Reorganized on 15 March 1920, as two separate regiments: The Calgary Regiment (now The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) and The Calgary Highlanders) and The Alberta Regiment.
* Reorganized on 15 May 1924, into two separate regiments: The South Alberta Regiment and The North Alberta Regiment.

## Perpetuations

* 31st Battalion (Alberta), CEF
* 113th Battalion (Lethbridge Highlanders), CEF
* 151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
* 175th (Medicine Hat) Battalion, CEF
* 187th (Central Alberta) Battalion, CEF
* 191st (Southern Alberta) Battalion, CEF

## History

On 15 March 1920, as a result of the Otter Commission, The Alberta Regiment was formed by amalgamation of a number of CEF Battalions raised during the First World War as well as the reorganization of the 103rd Regiment Calgary Rifles into two separate regiments: The Calgary Regiment and The Alberta Regiment. Among the CEF battalions the new regiment perpetuated was the 113th Battalion (Lethbridge Highlanders), CEF which had been previously disbanded in 1917. After the disbandment of the 31st Battalion CEF in either August or September 1920, the perpetuation of that unit was also taken up by the Alberta Regiment.
This regiment would be short lived however as on 15 May 1924, The Alberta Regiment was split up into two separate regiments: The North Alberta Regiment (disbanded in 1936) and The South Alberta Regiment (now part of The South Alberta Light Horse).

## Organization
### 1st Battalion, The Alberta Regiment (15 March 1920)

* Regimental Headquarters (Medicine Hat)
* A Company (Medicine Hat, AB)
* B Company (Lethbridge)
* C Company (Calgary; later moved October 1922 to Redcliff)
* D Company (Red Deer)

### 2nd Battalion, The Alberta Regiment (15 March 1920)

* Regimental / Battalion Headquarters (Killam)
* A Company (Killam)
* B Company (Camrose)
* C Company (Hardisty)
* D Company (Sedgewick)

### Reserve battalions

The 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Battalions only existed on paper.

## Notable members

* Lieutenant-Colonel Nelson Spencer, DSO
# Alberta Rose Theatre

Alberta Rose Theatre, formerly known as the Alameda Cinema, is an historic theatre in Portland, Oregon's Concordia neighborhood, in the United States.
# Pierre Capelle

Pierre Adolphe Capelle (4 November 1775 – 4 October 1851) was a 19th-century French chansonnier, goguettier and writer.

## Works

First a chansonnier, he also composed many comédies en vaudeville as well as texts of circumstances :
* 1797: Bébée et Jargon, one-act rhapsody, in prose, mingled with couplets
* 1801–1802: Âneries révolutionnaires, ou Balourdisiana, bêtisiana, etc. etc. ect
* 1813: Elle et lui, one-act comedy mingled with vaudevilles, with Théaulon
* 1814: La Vieillesse de Fontenelle, one-act comédie-anecdote, with Henri-François Dumolard
* 1816: Gascon et Normand, ou les Deux soubrettes, one-act comedy, mingled with vaudevilles, with Emmanuel Théaulon
* 1816: La journée aux aventures, three-act opéra comique, in prose
* 1817: Les deux Gaspard, one-act comédie en vaudeville
* 1817: La Fête de la reconnaissance, impromptu in vaudevilles, with Nicolas Brazier
* 1818: Encore une folie ou La veille du mariage, one-act comédie en vaudeville, with Gabriel de Lurieu
* 1818: Contes, anecdotes, chansons et poésies diverses
* 1811: La Clef du Caveau
* 1820: L'Autre Henri, ou l'An 1880, comedy in 3 acts, in prose, with Théaulon and Fulgence de Bury
* 1820: L'Ermite de Saint-Avelle, ou le Berceau mystérieux, one-act vaudeville, with Théaulon
* 1822: Chanson de la berceuse du duc de Bordeaux
* 1824: Dictionnaire de morale, de science et de littérature, ou Choix de pensées ingénieuses et sublimes, de dissertations et de définitions
* 1824: Le Tambour de Logrono, ou Jeunesse et valeur, one-act historical tableau, mingled with couplets, with Paul Auguste Gombault
* 1826: Manuel de la typographie française
* 1826: La Veuve de quinze ans, one-act comédie en vaudeville, with Théaulon
* Chansonnier des Muses
* 1834: Abrégé de l'histoire de Paris
* 1850: L'Amitié, discours en vers libres
* undated: Le 6 juin 1825. Rentrée de Charles X dans sa capitale après la cérémonie du sacre
* undated: A-Propos sur le rétablissement du trône des Bourbons en France
* undated: Couplets adressés par un grenadier de la Grande Armée à ses camarades
* undated: Discours de Jérôme Farine, membre honoraire de la Société des forts de la Halle, à ses camarades et aux bouquetières de la rue aux Fers, réunis à la Courtille
* undated: Ma profession de foi épicurienne, ronde de table
* undated: Physiologie de la noce, ou C'est toujours la même chanson
* undated: Tout roule dans ce monde
# Pinguicula vulgaris

Pinguicula vulgaris, the common butterwort, is a perennial carnivorous plant in the butterwort genus of the family Lentibulariaceae.

## Description

It grows to a height of 3–16 centimetres (1.2–6.3 in), and is topped with a purple, and occasionally white, flower that is 15 millimetres (0.59 in) or longer, and shaped like a funnel. This butterwort grows in damp environments such as bogs and swamps, in low or subalpine elevations. Being native to environments with cold winters, they produce a winter-resting bud (hibernaculum). There are three forms originating from Europe: P. vulgaris f. bicolor, which has petals that are white and purple; P. vulgaris f. albida, which has all white petals; and P. vulgaris f. alpicola, which has larger flowers. The taxonomic status of these forms is not universally recognised – see e.g. The Plant List.
Common butterwort is an insectivorous plant. Its leaves have glands that excrete a sticky fluid that traps insects; the glands also produce enzymes that digest the insects. This serves as a way for the plant to access a source of nitrogen, as they generally grow in soil that is acidic and low in nutrients, such as bogs. Insect capture is an adaptation to nutrient-poor conditions, and the plant is highly dependent on insects for nitrogen.

## Distribution

It has a generally circumboreal distribution, being native to almost every country in Europe as well as Russia, Canada, and the United States. It is generally found growing in places such as bogs, fens, alvars, and other areas with limestone bedrock and alkaline waters.
* Flower from the side, Niitvälja bog, Estonia
* Whole plant, Norway
* Anticosti Island, Mc Donald River bank, Quebec, Canada
* Pinguicula vulgaris near Mývatn, northern Iceland
* Anticosti Island, Mc Donald River bank, Quebec, Canada
# Henri Hamal

Henri Hamal (July 20, 1744, Liège – September 17, 1820, Liège) was a composer. He spent the majority of his career as the director of music at the Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège. He should not be confused with his ancestors, the composers Henri-Guillaume Hamal and Jean-Noël Hamal. He wrote mainly sacred music, including 18 masses. He also composed the operas Le triomphe du sentiment (premiered in Liege on 28 January 1775) and Pygmalion (premiered 1781, Liege).
# Pilocrocis granjae

Pilocrocis granjae is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by F. Hoffmann in 1934. It is found in Mexico.