OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kerr cell shutter

A Kerr cell shutter is a type of photographic shutter used for very fast shutter speeds down to nanosecond level.
The Kerr Cell consists of a transparent container (A) filled with nitrobenzene (B) with attached electrodes (C and D). A high voltage is passed through the electrodes which causes an electric field perpendicular to the transmitted light beam to be applied.
The cell makes use of the Kerr effect, in which the nitrobenzene becomes birefringent under the influence of the electric field. This allows it to be used as a shutter that can be opened for a very brief amount of time, around 10ns.
Its primary disadvantage was the use of toxic and flammable substances such as nitrobenzene and o-nitrotoluene. These have now largely been replaced by KTN (potassium tantalate niobate) and barium titanate (BaTiO3).

## Speed of Light measurement

The Kerr Cell shutter was used in the 1920-40s to measure the speed of light. A beam of light is timed between an emitter and receiver while passing through a Kerr Cell. When the cell is activated the light beam is diverted and takes a different path to the receiver, this time difference is measured and the speed of light is calculated based on knowledge of the expected return time.
# D.A.D. Special

D.A.D. Special is a compilation album by the Danish rock group D-A-D. The compilation was released on 1 December 1989 in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland only. It contains tracks from the group's two first albums, Call of the Wild and D.A.D. Draws a Circle, and also form their debut EP Standin' on the Never Never.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by D-A-D

## Personnel

Adapted from the original albums' liner notes.

### D-A-D

* Jesper Binzer – vocals, guitar, banjo
* Stig Pedersen – vocals, bass
* Jacob Binzer – guitar, lap steel, electric piano, keyboards, backing vocals
* Peter L. Jensen – drums, percussion, backing vocals

### Technical

* Frank Marstokk – producer (tracks 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14)
* Mark Dearnley – producer (tracks 1, 3, 8, 10, 11)
* Carsten Beck – cover design
* D-A-D – cover design
# Dmitry Geraskin

Dmitry Semyonovich Geraskin (1911 – 23 September 1943) was a Red Army sergeant during World War II posthumously made a Hero of the Soviet Union.

## Biography

Dmitry Geraskin was born in 1911 in the Monastyrshchino village (now. Kimovsky district, Tula region) in a peasant family. He completed primary school, after which he worked on a collective farm. In 1941, Geraskin was conscripted into the Red Army, and sent to the front. By September 1943, Sergeant Dmitry Geraskin was a squad leader of the 69th Mechanized Brigade of the 9th Mechanized Corps of the 3rd Guards Tank Army of the Voronezh Front. He distinguished himself during the battle for the Dnieper. On the night of September 21–22, 1943, Geraskin was one of the first in his division to cross the Dnieper. His division managed to dislodge the enemy from the occupied height, and to defend the crossing of the entire company with machine-gun fire. In the battles on the bridgehead on the western bank of the river, Geraskin's branch destroyed dozens of enemy soldiers and officers. During the subsequent offensive actions during the liberation of villages Zarubintsy, Grigorovka, Lukovitsa, Kanevsky region, Cherkass region of the Ukrainian SSR, his squad destroyed about 50 German soldiers and officers. Geraskin participated in the battles himself. On September 23, 1943, he died in battle. He was buried in a mass grave in the village of Grigorovka. By the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of November 17, 1943 for "courage, courage and heroism shown in the fight against the German invaders" Sergeant Dmitry Geraskin was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin.
# Cynoglottis

Cynoglottis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.
Its native range is southeastern Europe and Western Asia.
Species:
* Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.) Vural & Kit Tan
* Cynoglottis chetikiana Vural & Kit Tan
# Betta ferox

Betta ferox is a species of gourami endemic to Thailand. It is only found in rivers in Songkhla Province, where it resides along shallow riverbanks among vegetation. This species grows to a length of 6.3 centimetres (2.5 in) SL. This species is closely related to Betta pugnax and is also a paternal mouthbrooder. Males and females are dimorphic, with males displaying elongated ventral fins, elongated caudal fins, and green coloration on the gill plates. Females typically display two horizontal brown bars across their bodies, shorter fins, and a more rounded body shape.
# Linda Zilliacus

Linda Elvira Zilliacus (née Gyllenberg, born 25 April 1977 in Helsinki) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish actor. Since 2001 she has been married to Tobias Zilliacus.

## Selected filmography

* Evil (2003)
* About Sara (2006)
* Moscow Noir (2021)
# Quercus lineata

Quercus lineata is a species of Quercus (oak) in the beech family Fagaceae, belonging to subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis. It was first described by Carl Ludwig von Blume.

## Range and habitat

Quercus lineata is native from Assam and Bangladesh through Indochina to Hainan, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java.
Quercus lineata is native to humid montane forests between 500 and 2,200 metres elevation. It is typically found on sandy or basic soils.

## Varieties

According to Tropicos a number of varieties exist, including:
* Quercus lineata var. fargesii (Franch.) Skan
* Quercus lineata var. grandifolia Skan
* Quercus lineata var. heterochroa Miq.
* Quercus lineata var. hilldebrandii Hook.f.
* Quercus lineata var. lobbii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Wenz.
* Quercus lineata var. macrophylla Seemen
* Quercus lineata var. merkusii (Endl.) Wenz.
* Quercus lineata var. oxyodon (Miq.) Wenz.
* Quercus lineata var. oxyrhyncha (Miq.) Seem.
* Quercus lineata var. thomsoniana (A.DC.) Wenz.

## Taxonomy

Quercus lineata was initially described by Blume and published in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië (tr. Contributions to the flora of the Dutch East Indies) 10: 523–524. 1825.
# The Cruel Sea

The Cruel Sea or Cruel Sea may refer to:
* The Cruel Sea (novel), 1951 novel by Nicholas Monsarrat
* The Cruel Sea (1953 film), a 1953 war film made of the above book, starring Jack Hawkins
* The Cruel Sea (1972 film), a 1972 Kuwaiti film and the first Kuwaiti film to be produced
* The Cruel Sea (band), Australian indie rock band formed in the 1980s
* "The Cruel Sea" (song), 1963 instrumental by The Dakotas; in the U.S. aka "The Cruel Surf"
* "Cruel Sea", television series episode of Walking with Dinosaurs
# Eosentomon mariae

Eosentomon mariae is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China).
# Princess line

Princess line or princess dress describes a woman's fitted dress or other garment cut in long panels without a horizontal join or separation at the waist. Instead of relying on darts to shape the garment, the fit is achieved with long seams (princess seams) and shaped pattern pieces. A rarely used alternative name for the princess line was French-dart-line dress.

## History
### 19th century

The princess line is popularly associated with Charles Frederick Worth who first introduced it in the early 1870s. It was named in honour of the famously elegant Princess Alexandra. By the late 1870s and early 1880s the princess dress was a popular style. It is considered one of the first "bodycon" (body-conscious) fashions due to its extremely closely fitted design, presenting the figure in a natural (or at least, corseted) form undistorted by either crinoline or bustle. Princess-line polonaises were worn over long underskirts. The princess line was also popular for young girls who wore it with a sash or, if slightly older, over a longer underskirt.

### 20th century

The princess line was a staple of dress design and construction throughout the century. In 1951 the couturier Christian Dior presented a princess-line based fashion collection which is sometimes called the "Princess Line", although its official name was Ligne Longue or "Long Line".

### 21st century

The princess line remains a popular style for wedding dresses and a design staple for both day and evening dresses. More recently, the design principle has been applied to men's garments, which generally do not have waist seams.
# Da Key

Da Key is the third studio album by American rapper Frayser Boy. It was released on May 20, 2008, via Hypnotize Minds, with distribution from Select-O-Hits. The album was named Da Key after Frayser Boy won an Academy Award for co-writing the song "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" for the film Hustle & Flow, for which he was jointly presented with the Key to the City of Memphis, Tennessee.
The album was recorded in only three days in early 2008. In a 2022 interview, Frayser Boy himself admitted the album was rushed.

## Personnel

* Cedric Coleman – main artist
* Paul Duane Beauregard – featured artist, producer
* Jordan Michael Houston – featured artist, producer
* Blake Franklin – artwork and design

## Chart history

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 22 |
| US Top Rap Albums (Billboard) | 8 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 38 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 13 |
# Cytestrol acetate

Cytestrol acetate is a steroidal antiestrogen and a cytostatic antineoplastic agent (i.e., chemotherapeutic) which was developed for the treatment of breast cancer but was never marketed.
It is an 11α-hydroxylated derivative of ethinylestradiol in which a bis(2-chloroethyl)amine nitrogen mustard moiety has been attached as an ester at the C3 position and acetate esters have been attached at the C11α and C17β positions. The mechanism of action of cytestrol acetate in breast cancer is two-fold: (1) acting as an antiestrogen similarly to fulvestrant or ICI-164384; and (2) having cytostatic actions via the carbamate–nitrogen mustard moiety analogously to estramustine phosphate. The drug shows potent efficacy against breast cancer superior to that of tamoxifen in in vitro models.
# Betta edithae

Betta edithae is a species of gourami endemic to Indonesia where it occurs in Kalimantan, Sumatra and the Riau Archipelago. This species grows to a length of 8.2 cm (3.2 in), and can be found in the aquarium trade. The specific name honours the German aquarist Edith Korthaus (1923-1987), who co-discovered this species with her husband Walter Foersch . Walter is honoured in the specific name of another species they discovered, Betta foerschi.
# Church of St Peter, Clyffe Pypard

The Church of St Peter, Clyffe Pypard, Wiltshire is a parish church of the Diocese of Salisbury, England. It dates from the 13th and 15th centuries, and was restored by William Butterfield in 1860 and 1873–1874. The churchyard contains the grave of Nikolaus Pevsner and his wife Lola. St Peter's is a Grade I listed building and remains an active parish church.

## History

The manor of Clyffe Pypard was held in the 13th century by John de Cobham. A memorial engraving in St Peter's records "John de Cobham died in the ground here. He built this church". De Cobham died in 1300, giving a foundation date in the 13th century. The majority of the current structure dates from the 15th century, including the nave. In 1525 the Cobhams sold the manor to a William Dauntsey who promptly sold it on to a John Goddard. The Goddard family owned the manor, and the living of St Peter's, for the next four hundred years. The church was "over-restored" by William Butterfield in two stages of renovation between 1860 and 1874. The restoration was funded by the rector Horatio Nelson Goddard, of the manor house at Clyffe Pypard, at a cost of £700.
St Peter's remains an active parish church in the Diocese of Salisbury.

### Nikolaus and Lola Pevsner

Nikolaus Pevsner was born in Leipzig, Germany in 1902. In 1923 he married Carola ("Lola") Kurlbaum. Both families were of Jewish descent. Pevsner studied art history and progressed in his academic career but rising antisemitism caused the Pevsners to leave Germany for England in the mid-1930s. Settling eventually in London, they were frequent visitors to Wiltshire, staying in a cottage, Snowhill, near Clyffe Pypard, which belonged to a friend and colleague, Geoffrey Grigson. Soon after the war, Grigson offered to sell the cottage, and it became the Pevsner's country home until their deaths. In 1951 Pevsner published the first volumes of his magnum opus, The Buildings of England, an enterprise that took nearly 25 years to complete.
Lola Pevsner died in 1963 and was buried in the churchyard at St Peters. A decade after her death, Pevsner commissioned the churchyard gates and railings as a memorial. On his own death in 1983, Pevsner was interred with his wife in a single grave at the church. The headstone, in granite, was carved by Will Carter and bears their names and the dates of their births and deaths.

## Architecture and description

The nave of the church is of five bays and dates from the 15th century, as does the tower. The chancel and the aisles are from Butterfield's mid-Victorian restoration. The building material is limestone, some finely cut into ashlar blocks and some used as rubble infill. Pevsner described the church's setting as "a lovely position below a wooded stretch of the cliff". The church is a Grade I listed building.
# Diamond Lil (GoComics)

Diamond Lil is a daily comic strip published by Creators syndicate and created by Paws, Inc. writer and artist Brett Koth about the life of Lillian Bilious, "a feisty 75-year-old widow" in the fictional town of Turkey Knuckle, Indiana. It has been running since 2010.
The character is named after a diamond anniversary (75 years), and because she is "one of the hardest substances known to man". Strips regularly feature her blunt and forthright opinions.
# The Crude Oil Blues

"The Crude Oil Blues" is a song written and recorded by American country artist Jerry Reed. It was released in February 1974 as the lead single from the album, A Good Woman's Love. The song reached peaks of number 13 on the U.S. country chart and number 91 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles | 13 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 91 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 17 |
| Canadian RPM Top Singles | 91 |
# Conostylis aurea

Conostylis aurea, commonly known as golden conostylis, is a plant in the bloodwort family Haemodoraceae. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.

## Description

Conostylis aurea is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like herb. It grows to a height of 0.15–0.4 metres (0.49–1.31 ft) and a width of about 0.3 metres (0.98 ft). As with others in the genus, the leaves are strap-like and the flowers occur in clusters on stalks which arise from the base of the leaves. There are six tepals and six stamens, one at the base of each tepal-lobe. In his notes on his original description of the species, John Lindley noted "Conostylis abounds the most in species, some of which are handsome but others are mere weeds..... C. aurea is a much handsomer species....flowers of a bright golden yellow."

## Taxonomy and naming

The species was first formally described in 1840 by botanist John Lindley in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (aurea) is derived from the Latin word aurum meaning "gold".

## Distribution

The golden conostylis occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographical regions of Western Australia. It grows on white or yellow sand or gravelly loam in winter-wet situations.

## Conservation

Conostylis aurea is classified as not threatened by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Princess in Love

Princess in Love may refer to:
* Princess in Love, a 1994 book about Princess Diana, by Anna Pasternak
* The Princess Diaries, Volume III: Princess in Love, a 2002 novel by Meg Cabot
# Daday District

Daday District is a district of the Kastamonu Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Daday. Its area is 843 km$^2$, and its population is 8,073 (2021).

## Composition

There is one municipality in Daday District:
* Daday
There are 60 villages in Daday District:
* Akılçalman
* Akpınar
* Aktaştekke
* Alipaşa
* Arabacılar
* Bağışlar
* Bastak
* Bayırköy
* Bayramlı
* Beykoz
* Bezirgan
* Bolatlar
* Boyalıca
* Boyalılar
* Budaklı
* Çamkonak
* Çamlıbel
* Çavuşlu
* Çayırlı
* Çayözü
* Çölmekçiler
* Davutköy
* Değirmencik
* Değirmenözü
* Demirce
* Dereköy
* Dereözü
* Elmayazı
* Ertaş
* Fasıllar
* Gökören
* Görük
* Hasanağa
* Hasanşeyh
* İnciğez
* Kapaklı
* Karaağaç
* Karacaağaç
* Karacaören
* Karamık
* Kavakyayla
* Kayabağı
* Kayı
* Kızılörencik
* Kızsini
* Koççuğaz
* Köşeler
* Küten
* Okluk
* Örencik
* Sarıçam
* Sarpun
* Selalmaz
* Siyahlar
* Sorkun
* Sorkuncuk
* Tüfekçi
* Uzbanlar
* Üyükören
* Yazıcameydan
# Krakow Post

The Krakow Post is an English-language newspaper based in Kraków, Poland. Owned by Lifeboat Limited since 2008, the monthly newspaper covers local and national news, politics, culture, business, sports, and human interest stories.

## History

Founded as a weekly in 2007, the newspaper was then led by Editor-in-Chief Anne Fratczak and Founding Editor Hal Foster, a former Los Angeles Times journalist.
After coming under new ownership in 2008, the Krakow Post was redesigned as a monthly newspaper, with Anna Spysz serving as the editor-in-chief until late 2010.
In January 2011, Jamie Stokes took over her role at the newspaper's helm. Steven Hoffman has been editor-in-chief of the online version since February 2015.
In 2011, The New York Times referred to the Krakow Post and other English-language press in Eastern Europe as having acted as "springboards for a generation of American journalists interested in working in the former East Bloc — though not in the servile role of many local publications."
The Krakow Post came under new management and was relaunched in a magazine format in November 2012.
In May 2021, Giuseppe Sedia launched the website Kino Mania which functions also as an archive of the film reviews on Polish cinema that he penned for the Krakow Post in the previous decade. Currently, over 150 film reviews are featured on the website which includes as well a section about Polish School of Posters and the designs created for local film productions.

## Print characteristics

Broadsheet format (289 x 390 mm), 32 pages, full color. The ISSN of the paper 1898-4762.
# Czech Center Museum Houston

The Czech Center Museum Houston (DBA), also known as Czech Cultural & Community Center, is a 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m$^2$) multifunctional cultural organization located in the Museum District of Houston, Texas, committed to the education and celebration of Czech (Moravian, Bohemian, Silesian) and Slovakian culture, art, and history.

## History

The organization was founded in 1995 as Czech Cultural & Community Center by Bill Rosene, Effie Rosene, and many other people's passionate hard work. Bill Rosene and Effie Rosene were handling the daily operations until 2017 and were involved until Effie Rosene's death in 2019.
Originally located in The Northwest Mall, the organization began construction of their new and current building at 4920 San Jacinto Street in 2002. The name was changed to Czech Center Museum Houston shortly after becoming part of the Houston Museum District. In 2005, the organization began construction of a third floor which was completed in 2009. The addition of the third floor allowed the museum to expand its collection and include the largest Czechoslovakian Art Deco Collection in the USA donated by Eric Ottervik.

## Architecture

Czech Center Museum Houston's current building was built specifically for the museum inspired by 19th century Czech Villa designs, including baroque-style ornaments, stained glass, and authentic Bohemian crystal chandeliers. The museum consists of three floors, the first two floors, Prague Hall and Brno Gallery which were named after the two most populated cities in the Czech Republic. These halls are used for cultural events featuring local and international artists and musicians. The third floor consists of Pilsen Hall, the museum's main exhibit area, and Comenius Library.

## Art collection

Czech Center Museum Houston's current collection contains more than 5,000 pieces that demonstrate Czech and Slovak culture, art, and history of the last two centuries. The collection includes
* Bohemian, Moravian, Silesian, and Slovakian Folk art from the 18th century to 1980. The collection includes jewelry, kroje, textiles, sculptures, and antique ornaments.
* Czech and Slovak paintings and posters depicting the history of eastern European people.
* Bohemian Glass, crystal perfume bottles, and crystal chandeliers from the late 19th century to the modern era.
* An expansive library of books from Austria-Hungary to the modern era.
* Vintage Czech dolls and antique pottery and porcelain.

### Moon Landscape replica by Petr Ginz

In 2018, astronaut Andrew Feustel brought a copy of Petr Ginz's Moon Landscape drawing to the International Space Station. On February 1, 2020, Feustel donated the copy to Czech Center Museum Houston, which is now on display on the third floor. The donation was made in memory of Holocaust victims and the crew of Space Shuttle Columbia. Inspired by Ginz's story, Ilan Ramon – whose grandfather and other family members were murdered in the Holocaust – took Moon Landscape with him on Space Shuttle Columbia. The shuttle, crew, and drawing were destroyed upon re-entry to Earth's atmosphere.
# Eicochrysops eicotrochilus

Eicochrysops eicotrochilus, the brachystegia blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (South Kivu, Shaba and Lualaba), Angola, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Harare District). The habitat consists of Brachystegia woodland.
Adults are on wing from October to February.
# Teply

Teply may refer to:
* Teplý, a Czech surname
* Tyoply, various Russian localities sometimes transliterated Teply
# Ieuan ap Hywel Swrdwal

Ieuan ap Hywel Swrdwal (?1430 – ?1480) was a Welsh poet, from Norman stock. He composed primarily in Welsh, but was also responsible for the first known poem in the English language written by a Welshman. His father Hywel Swrdwal was also a poet, and there are doubts as to whether a number of extant works should be attributed to the father or to the son. He is reputed to have composed a history of Wales, but this has not survived.
The Hymn to the Virgin was written by Ieuan at Oxford in about 1470 and uses a Welsh poetic form, the awdl, and Welsh orthography; for example:
The poem consists of 96 lines in 13 stanzas. It is an address to Christ through the Virgin Mary.
An alternative claim for the first poem in English written by a Welshman is made for John Clanvowe's The Book of Cupid, God of Love or The Cuckoo and the Nightingale, a long love poem based on The Owl and the Nightingale.
# Cythara diconus

Cythara diconus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
This species is considered a nomen dubium.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
# Epallage

Epallage is a genus of damselflies in the family Euphaeidae. It contains one species, E. fatime.