OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bagicha Singh Minhas

Bagicha Singh Minhas (1929-2005) is an Indian economist.

## Education

Minhas was born in Punjab, British India, and obtained his first degree of BSc (agriculture) from Khalsa College, Amritsar, and a Master's degree in economics from Punjab University. He then obtained another degree from the University of Illinois, USA, and followed it up with a PhD in economics from Stanford University, USA. He taught economics at Stanford as an Assistant Professor, but later returned to India as a Research Professor and became Head of the Planning Division at the Indian Statistical Institute from 1971 to 1986.

## Career

Minhas was a member of the Indian Planning Commission from 1971 to 1973. Simultaneously, in 1972–73, Minhas was appointed a member of the Finance Commission. He worked on planning strategies as well as financial analysis.
Minhas worked as a Consultant to the World Bank at Washington D.C. and the Statistics and Survey Division of the Food and Agricultural Organization (Rome). In 1976–78, he worked as a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex in the UK and, a little later, he held appointments as visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University and as Rufus Putnam Visiting Professor at Ohio. From 1981 to 1984, he served as Secretary General of the Afro-Asian Rural Reconstruction Organization and also Chairman of the National Sample Survey (NSS) Organization (1980–90).
Minhas has been a Fellow of the Econometric Society (1973), a National Fellow at the Indian Council of Social Science Research (1990–92) and a life member of the American Economic Association. From 1992 to 1993, he was the President of the Indian Economic Society and, from 1994 to 1998, the President of the Indian Association for Research in National Income & Wealth.
The Financial Express Award for Economics 1999 was presented to Minhas at the Annual Conference of the Indian Economic Association at Amritsar on 27 December 1999.
Minhas then received the Padma Bhushan Award in 2003 for science and engineering.
Minhas was a co-author of a pioneering article deriving the constant elasticity of substitution production function and demonstrating its econometric uses. Future Nobel Memorial Prize laureates Kenneth Arrow and Robert Solow were co-authors.
# David Cameron (Australian footballer)

David Cameron (born 4 April 1964) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong and the Brisbane Bears in the VFL/AFL.
Cameron came to Geelong from Echuca and had a solid second season, kicking 28 goals in 1987. That tally included a bag of eight goals against North Melbourne at the MCG to help spoil Donald McDonald and Andrew Demetriou's 100th games. He was used mostly at half forward but played as a forward pocket in the 1989 VFL Grand Final. Cameron, along with Shane Hamilton, was traded to Brisbane in return for the first selection in the 1990 AFL draft. In 1991, his only season at the club, he kicked 26 goals.
# Benz Circle

Benz Circle is not only a busy junction and also a major Residential and Commercial Locality in the East - Central part of the city. It is one of the most expensive commercial and residential locations in Andhra Pradesh land values near Benz Circle have risen to 1.2 lakh per sq yard making it the richest place in Andhra Pradesh . It is administered as Ward No.12 of Vijayawada Municipal Corporation

## History

Previously there was a Benz Company (Tata Motors-Mercedes Benz joint venture) beside this junction and this junction was named as Benz Circle. Later the company was removed but still people refer to this junction as Benz Circle and bus stop near this circle as "Benz Company bus stop".

## Traffic

Benz Circle is the busiest junction in Vijayawada with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily. A flyover Benz Circle Flyover near Benz Circle was included in the road-widening project and the widening of "Vijayawada- Machilipatnam Highway" after Benz Circle towards east.

## Property

After the State Government announced Capital in and around Vijayawada Region, land values near Benz Circle have risen to 1.2 lakh per sq yard making it the richest place in Andhra Pradesh including Common Capital Hyderabad.
# Donia El-Ibdaa School

Donia El-Ibdaa School is a school in Tripoli, Libya which educates children ages 4–19. It is unusual in having a (primary-only) "British" section in which all lessons are taught in the English language. The school was established in 1992 but moved to larger, purpose-built premises in 2003.
# Vocabulary of Army Ordnance Stores

Vocabulary of Army Ordnance Stores (VAOS) was the British Army system of cataloguing parts that started to be superseded in 1956 when the United Kingdom adopted the NATO Codification System.

## VAOS

The origins of VAOS are a result of the lessons learnt from the Crimean War, when the supply system especially the provisioning and purchase of stores was found to be haphazard and as a result the process for the acquisition of military stores was formalised by the British Board of Ordnance. The Board devised a system of inspectors with an understanding of the military's requirements, who based on the patterns and specifications would negotiate for the provision of quality goods at the right price. Issues with the Board of Ordnance performance in the Crimean War and its disastrous provision for operations during the Russian winter of 1854, brought about out the Board's demise in 1855 and the role of the inspectors was passed on the Boards successor the newly formed Military Store Department.
The Inspectors of the Board of Ordnance, who having established a credible system, were absorbed into the newly formed Military Store Department. The Military Store Department employed clerks to manage day-to-day administration, whilst commissioned officers underwent specialist training learning not just the detail of stores, but the technical aspects of in service equipment. So respected was their knowledge it was often said that the Military Stores Officers knew more about weapons and ammunition than the end users.
The Director of Stores maintained notes on all the in service equipment and kept track of changes in patterns of equipment and stores. This list was updated and circulated on a regular basis. In 1860 updates were published six monthly, but with progressive and rapid development of equipment, lists of changes were issued quarterly in 1861 and by 1868 monthly. A price list of stores was printed in 1866, and two years later a more comprehensive edition was published. The new publication, which was amended quarterly, required that units use the exact nomenclature that appeared in these Vocabularies. By 1893 the vocabulary was printed in books in tabular form with each section based on a commodity group.
The Vocabulary system used by the British Army for close to ninety years until it started to be displaced by NATO Stock Number (NSN) system in 1956. The VOAS system was also unitised by the New Zealand Army into the 1970s, when it was replaced by the NSN system.
# Hippocrates (disambiguation)

Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles, considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
Hippocrates may also refer to:
* Hippocrates (physician), the name of several other physicians related to Hippocrates
* Hippocrates of Chios (c. 470 – c. 410 BC), ancient Greek geometer who wrote the first known work systematizing the fundamentals of geometry
* Hippocrates of Athens (died 424 BC), ancient Greek general who was slain at the battle of Delium
* Hippocrates, father of Peisistratos
* Hippocrates (lunar crater)
* Hippocrates of Gela, ancient Greek tyrant who dominated Sicilian politics during his rule between 498 BC and 491 BC
* Pseudo-Hippocrates, an anonymous writer, dubbed with the name because his works had been included in Hippocratic Corpus
* Hippocrates Prize for Poetry and Medicine
* Hippocrates Otthen, French physician
* "Hypocrates", song from 2012 album Electra Heart by Welsh singer Marina and the Diamonds
* Hippocrate, a 2014 French film directed by Thomas Lilti
# Hirtella zanzibarica

Hirtella zanzibarica is a species of flowering plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It occurs in eastern Africa from Kenya to Mozambique.

## Subspecies

* Hirtella zanzibarica subsp. megacarpa (R.A.Graham) Prance
* Hirtella zanzibarica subsp. zanzibarica
# Detroit Harbor, Wisconsin

Detroit Harbor is an unincorporated community located in the Town of Washington Island on Washington Island in Door County, Wisconsin. The Washington Island Ferry runs scheduled passenger service to Northport from Detroit Harbor. Detroit Harbor is also home to a United States Post Office and Coast Guard Station Washington Island. A bay named Detroit Harbor is adjacent to the community.
# Devan (writer)

Devan (R. Mahadevan) (8 September 1913 – 5 May 1958) was a 20th-century Indian writer who wrote in Tamil, known for his witty and humorous stories.

## Early life

Devan was born in 1913 at Thiruvidaimarudur in present-day Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India, where he did his schooling. He came to Kumbakonam Government College to complete his B.A. degree. He worked as a school teacher for a year, before joining the popular Tamil weekly magazine, Ananda Vikatan in 1933. Devan's first foray into the world of writing was through the humorous short story "Mister Rajamani", written when he was in his twenties.

## Life as an editor

Devan started as a Sub-Editor at Ananda Vikatan in 1933. After Kalki Krishnamurthy left Vikatan, worked as Managing Editor from 1942 to 1957.
During this time, he wrote about 20 serials, more than 500 stories, articles and travelogues. A common feature in all his works was his gentle sense of humour. He was a very popular writer and stories abound of how, when a new issue of Ananda Vikatan came out, everyone in the family would fight to get hold of the copy first.
Devan worked under famous writers like Kalki Krishnamurthy and S. S. Vasan. It was his wish that his stories get published as books, but sadly this did not happen in his lifetime, due to the nature of his contract with Vikatan.
During this time, he also served as Chairman of the Tamil Writers' Guild twice, and helped to promote Tamil literature.
Devan was the editor of Ananda Vikatan until his death in 1957. In his short life, he experimented with different types of writing – travelogues, detective novels, articles, short stories, current affairs. Devan's books are a joy to read even today, when social values and techniques in fiction writing are so different.
About ten of Devan's writings were also dramatised by several Tamil drama troupes, even during his lifetime. He himself wrote most of the dialogues for the plays. More recently, some of his works like Thuppariyum Sambu, Sriman Sudharsanam and Mister Vedhantham were made into television serials also. Only one of his novels, gOmathiyin kAdhalan, was made into a movie, starring T. R. Ramachandran and Savithri.
# Avanti Air

Avanti Air GmbH & Co. KG, styled as avantiair, is a small German airline based in Burbach with a maintenance base at Siegerland Airport, operating ad hoc charter and aircraft wet-lease services.

## History

Avanti Air (named after the Italian word for ahead) started operations on 1 July 1994. It was founded by former pilots Markus Baumann (now managing director) and Stefan Kissinger (now chief executive) as an aircraft management company. It entered the charter market in 1996 with two Raytheon Beech 1900C aircraft.
As of 2007, the company was owned by Gerhard Mahler (33,33%), Markus Baumann (33,33%) and Stefan Kissinger (33,33%) and had 73 employees.
In autumn 2014, Avanti Air introduced the Fokker 100 to its charter fleet alongside a new corporate design. In November 2015, the airline phased out their last ATR72 aircraft in favour of a second Fokker 100 and therefore becoming an all-jet operator. However, in October 2021 the airline exchanged their Fokker 100s for a sole De Havilland Canada Dash 8.

## Operations

Avanti Air offers charter and wetlease operations on long- and short-term basis to other airlines and tour operators as well as ad hoc charter services, e. g. for VIPs.

## Fleet

As of January 2024, the Avanti Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:
Avanti Air fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Passengers | Notes |
| De Havilland Canada Dash 8-400 | 2 | 78 | |
| Total | 2 | | |

## Accidents and incidents

* On 19 February 1999 on 21:48 local time, an Avanti Air Beechcraft 1900D on a ferry flight from Düsseldorf to Frankfurt without any passengers on board was substantially damaged when the two pilots attempted to land at Frankfurt Airport even though the landing gear was still retracted by accident.
# Bailly Lake (Saint-Cyr River South)

Bailly Lake is a body of freshwater in the north-eastern part of Senneterre in the Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Lake Bailly is crossed to the South Saint-Cyr River South. Lake Bailly is located entirely in the canton of Bailly. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.
The hydrographic slope of Lake Bailly is accessible via a forest road (North-South direction) on the east side of the Saint-Cyr River South Valley; in addition, another forest road (East-West direction) serves the northern part of the Bailly Lake Biodiversity Reserve and connects R1015 to the west.
The surface of Bailly Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

## Geography

This lake is fed only by the Saint-Cyr River South (coming from the North).
The mouth of Lake Bailly is located on the south shore of the lake, namely:
* 32.2 kilometres (20.0 mi) north of the mouth of the Saint-Cyr River South (confluence with the Mégiscane River);
* 39.6 kilometres (24.6 mi) northwest of a bay on the west shore of Gouin Reservoir;
* 124.7 kilometres (77.5 mi) north-east of the mouth of the Mégiscane River (confluence with Parent Lake (Abitibi));
* 357 kilometres (222 mi) southeasterly of the mouth of the Nottaway River (confluence with Rupert Bay);
* 53.8 kilometres (33.4 mi) north-east of the village center of Obedjiwan;
* 105.2 kilometres (65.4 mi) east of the village center of Lebel-sur-Quévillon

## Toponymy

In this sector, the term "Bailly" is associated with the township and the lake.
The toponym "Lac Bailly" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec, when it was created.
# Davetsiz Misafir

Davetsiz Misafir (The Uninvited Guest) is Turkey's unique magazine of science-fiction, politics and criticism.
It was founded in 2002 and published as a non-profit publication by students from social and political science departments of Boğaziçi University. Davetsiz Misafir is now Turkey's best known science-fiction, politics and criticism magazine with its writers composed of students, men of letters, scientists, academics, feminists, anarchists, activists and even prisoners from all over the country. It includes articles concerning politics, post-structuralism, anarchism, feminism, anti-militarism, independent cinema, and arts. Between 2002 and 2005 the magazine was published seasonally and distributed nationwide. The first Turkish translation of Donna Haraway's A Cyborg Manifesto appeared in the 9th issue of Davetsiz Misafir magazine. Striking interviews with famous writers, thinkers and activists such as Noam Chomsky, Jean Baudrillard, the Unabomber, Arthur Kroker, J. G. Ballard, Peter Sloterdijk were published during this period. After the publication of the 10th issue of the magazine, in 2006 Davetsiz Misafir was converted into an online magazine.
# Edgewood Historic District

Edgewood Historic District may refer to:

## in the United States

(by state)
* Edgewood Park Historic District, New Haven, CT, listed on the NRHP in Connecticut
* Edgewood Historic District-Taft Estate Plat, Cranston, RI, listed on the NRHP in Rhode Island
* Edgewood Historic District (Venice, Florida), listed on the NRHP in Florida
* Village of Edgewood Historic District, Edgewood, Pennsylvania, listed on the NRHP in Pennsylvania
* Edgewood Historic District (Charleston, West Virginia), listed on the NRHP in West Virginia
* Woodsdale-Edgewood Neighborhood Historic District, Wheeling, West Virginia, listed on the NRHP in West Virginia
* Edgewood Place Historic District, La Crosse, WI, listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin
* Edgewood College Mound Group Archeological District, Madison, WI, listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin
# Hertz (crater)

Hertz is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, just behind the eastern limb. Due to libration this feature can sometimes be observed from the Earth under favorable lighting conditions. It is located to the west-southwest of the larger crater Fleming and north-northeast of the smaller Moiseev. Moiseev is joined to Hertz by the satellite crater Moiseev Z, and the three form a short crater chain.
This is a somewhat worn crater formation with a wide inner wall. There is a pear-shaped crater along the northern inner wall. The interior floor is relatively featureless, with only a small ridge offset to the southwest of the midpoint.
The crater was named after the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1961. Prior to that, this crater was known as Crater 200.
# Hughes Range

Hughes Range can refer to:
* Hughes Range (Antarctica)
* Hughes Range (British Columbia) in Canada; see List of mountains of British Columbia
# Heroes of the Resistance

Heroes of the Resistance is a set of twenty-three stamps issued from 1957 to 1961 by La Poste, commemorating 27 members of the French Resistance who died during the Occupation of France between 1940 and 1945 (apart from Edmond Debeaumarché, who died in 1959). Of the 27, two were Catholic monks and nuns and three were women.

## Commemorated heroes
### Issued 18 May 1957$^{:1136}$

* Jean Moulin (1899-1943)
* D'Estienne d'Orves (1901–1941)
* Robert Keller (1899–1945)
* Pierre Brossolette (1903–1944)
* Jean-Baptiste Lebas (1878–1944)

### Issued 19 April 1958$^{:1137}$

* Jean Cavailles (1903–1944)
* Fred Scamaroni (1914–1943)
* Simone Michel-Levy (1906–1945)
* Jacques Bingen (1908–1944)

### Issued 25 April 1959$^{:1138}$

* Five Martyrs of the lycée Buffon
       Jean-Marie Arthus (1925–1943)
       Jacques Baudry (1922–1943)
       Pierre Benoit (1925–1943)
       Pierre Grelot (1923–1943)
       Lucien Legros (1924–1943)
* Yvonne Le Roux (1882–1945)
* Mederic Vedy (1902–1944)
* Louis Martin-Bret (1898–1944)
* Gaston Moutardier (1889–1944)

### Issued 26 March 1960$^{:1138}$

* Edmond Debeaumarché (1906–1959)
* Pierre Masse (1879–1942)
* Maurice Ripoche (1895–1944)
* Leonce Vieljeux (1865–1944)
* Rene Bonpain (1908–1943)

### Issued 22 April 1961$^{:1139}$

* Jacques Renouvin (1905–1944)
* Lionel Dubray (1923–1944)
* Paul Gateaud (1889–1944)
* Mother Elizabeth (1890–1945)
# Heroes of the Night (band)

Heroes Of The Night (previously called Eroi della notte) is an Italian rock/blues band formed in 2008 by Daniel Solero and Daniele Rodes. In 2012 the band gained notoriety after they recorded a cover of the song "We Are Young". The song was selected for the finals of Rock Revolution, music contest organized by the Italian singer Vasco Rossi. The music video of this cover reached 500.000 views on YouTube. The band released two albums, "Al 100%" and "HOTN", during the period when the band was in California in 2015.

## Band members

* Daniel Solero - Vocals, Guitar
* Daniele Rodes - Guitar
* Erich Batagliola - Bass
* Fabio Fragnelli - Guitar
* Marco Cannelli - Drums
# Caryl of the Mountains

Caryl of the Mountains is a 1936 American northern film directed by Bernard B. Ray. It was made for Reliable Pictures and shot at Big Bear Lake, California.
The film is also known as Get That Girl in the United Kingdom.

## Plot

Somewhere in the United States Enos Colvin schemes to defraud his investors and abscond with the assets of his company that are in the form of bonds. His secretary Caryl decides to take the bonds herself and post them to her Uncle Jean living in the Canadian woods. Discovering what Caryl has done and knowing where the bonds have been posted Enos goes himself to Canada to get the bonds from Uncle Jean who has hidden them in a secret location in his hearth. A struggle ensues and Jean is murdered and his dog Rinty wounded by Enos' revolver.
Making his way to the local Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Rinty is nursed back to health until he is able to bring Enos to justice.

## Cast

* Rin Tin Tin, Jr. as Rinty
* Ralph Bushman billed as Francis X. Bushman Jr. as RCMP Sergeant Brad Sheridan
* Lois Wilde as Caryl Foray
* Josef Swickard as Jean Foray
* Earl Dwire as RCMP Inspector Bradshaw
* Robert Walker as Enos Colvin
* George Chesebro as RCMP Constable Jim O'Brien
* Ray Henderson as RCMP Constable Gary
* Steve Clark as RCMP Captain Edwards
Artie Ortego appears uncredited as Indian Joe.
# Cosavirus

Cosavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Picornaviridae. Human serve as natural hosts. There are 5 species in this genus.
It is unclear whether cosaviruses are connected to gastroenteritis in humans.

## Taxonomy

The genus contains the following five species:
* Cosavirus A
* Cosavirus B
* Cosavirus C
* Cosavirus D
* Cosavirus E

## Structure

Viruses in Cosavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical, and round geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 7-8kb in length.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Cosavirus | Icosahedral | Pseudo T=3 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the virus to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by ribosomal skipping. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Human serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Cosavirus | Human | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Unknown | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
# Courtrizy-et-Fussigny

Courtrizy-et-Fussigny is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Casasola

Casasola may refer to:

## People

* Agustín Casasola (1874–1938), Mexican photographer
* Barbara Casasola (born 1984), Italian fashion designer
* Floss Casasola (1903–1991), Belizean educator
* Marcel-André Casasola Merkle (born 1977), German game designer
* Micaela Casasola (born 1997), Argentine handball player
* Miguel de Poblete Casasola (1602–1667), Roman Catholic prelate
* Roland Casasola (1893–1971), British trade unionist
* Sara Casasola (born 1999), Italian racing cyclist
* Tiago Casasola (born 1995), Argentine footballer

## Locations

* Casasola, Italy
* Casasola, Spain
# Casasola, Ávila

Casasola is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 124 inhabitants.

## Area and Population

It has a surface area of 18.36 km$^2$, a population of 124, and a population density of 6.75 people per km$^2$.
# Hey Brother (disambiguation)

"Hey Brother" is a 2013 song by Avicii.
Hey Brother may also refer to:
* "Hey Brother", 1968 single by Billy Preston from the album That's the Way God Planned It
* "Hey Brother", 1981 single by Chanels
* "Hey Brother", 1997 song by Adriana Evans on her album Adriana Evans
* "Hey Brother", 2004 song by Camper Van Beethoven from the album New Roman Times
* "Hey Brother", 2006 Japanese song by Rip Slyme used in the film Mamiya kyodai