OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Berlin School of experimental psychology

The Berlin School of Experimental Psychology was founded by Carl Stumpf, a pupil of Franz Brentano and Hermann Lotze and a professor at the University of Berlin, in 1893. It adhered to the method of experimental phenomenology, which understood it as the science of phenomena. It is also noted as the originator of Gestalt psychology. Noted members include Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler.

## History

Stumpf founded the Berlin Laboratory of Experimental Psychology in 1893. The institute, which is also known as the school of Gestalt psychology, was part of the University of Berlin. It was a refinement of Brentano's neo-Aristotelian theory or the study of phenomena's qualitative properties. After the German revolution, the Berlin laboratory relocated to a wing of the former Imperial Palace. This marked the expansion of the Berlin school after it was forced to reduce its operations during the war. The new facility, which was also supported by the Society for Experimental Psychology, focused on applied work and incorporated its own laboratory so that it became an expanded university institute. Stumpf was the chair of the institute for 26 years. He was succeeded by Wolfgang Köhler.
Stumpf influenced his pupils such as Wertheimer, Koffka, Köhler, and Kurt Lewin, and these contributed to the school's development. Lewin, for instance, developed a set of models and ideas linked to change management theory and practice. These psychologists further refined Stumpf's work, which facilitated experimental investigation that culminated in the development of Gestalt psychology. These psychologists stressed the primacy of objects as units of experience, instead of sensations.
Only after Köhler took over the direction of the psychology institute in 1922 did the Berlin School effectively become a school for Gestalt psychology.
# Dansk Fredsforening

Dansk Fredsforening or the Danish Peace Society was founded by Fredrik Bajer in 1882 when it was initially called Foreningen til Danmarks Neutralisering (Society for Denmark's Neutralization). It called for an international arbitration tribunal to resolve conflicts as a means of avoiding war. As a result of the Conservative's support for defence, it appealed to many Liberals who had campaigned against warfare. The Society underwent significant growth in the 1890s, leading to two petitions with a total of 533,000 signatures and a series of peace demonstrations.
The organization was based on three priorities: Denmark should be neutral; arbitration treaties should be concluded with like-minded nations; and, in accordance with the principle of self-determination, a peaceful solution should be found for the Schleswig question. The organization attracted wide interest. By around 1900, the organization had some 10,000 members. By 1905, it had 73 branches.
After Denmark joined the League of Nations, the name was changed to Dansk Freds- og Folkeforbundsforening (Danish Peace and League of Nations Society) and when the country joined the United Nations, the name became Dansk FN-Forening (Danish UNO Society).
There were several active women members of the organization, including Matilde Bajer, Henriette Beenfeldt, Henni Forchhammer, Eline Hansen, Johanne Meyer and Louise Nørlund.
# Index of underwater diving

The following index is provided as an overview of and topical guide to underwater diving: Links to articles and redirects to sections of articles which provide information on each topic are listed with a short description of the topic. When there is more than one article with information on a topic, the most relevant is usually listed, and it may be cross-linked to further information from the linked page or section.
Underwater diving can be described as all of the following:
There are seven sub-indexes, listed here. The tables of content should link between them automatically:
* Index of underwater diving: A–C
* Index of underwater diving: D–E
* Index of underwater diving: F–K
* Index of underwater diving: L–N
* Index of underwater diving: O–R
* Index of underwater diving: S
* Index of underwater diving: T–Z
| Contents: Top | 0–9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
# Teutonic Witch

"Teutonic Witch" is a single by Finnish doom metal band Reverend Bizarre. It was released in May 2007. The song reached number one on the Finnish singles chart. It also appears in III: So Long Suckers combined with "They Used Dark Forces", from the same album.
# Churchill, Chippewa County, Minnesota

Churchill is an unincorporated community in Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States.
# Villa Unión Municipality

Villa Unión is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Villa Unión. The municipality covers an area of 1540.3 km².
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 6,138.
On November 29, 2019, four police officers and seven armed civilians, members of the Cartel del Noreste, were killed in a shootout during an attack on the Villa Unión Municipal palace. Six other police officers were injured.
# Compsibidion basale

Compsibidion basale is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.
# Teymur Guliyev

Teymur Guliyev (25 November 1888, Jabrayil – 18 November 1965, Baku) was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from 13 November 1937 to 28 March 1946.
# Berlin Savignyplatz station

Berlin Savignyplatz is a railway station on the Berlin Stadtbahn line in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines S3, S5, S7, and S9. It is the newest of the stations on the Stadtbahn. The island platform, which is covered by a gable roof supported by cast iron columns, and the open entrance hall have monument protection. It has two entrances, one from a pedestrian zone connecting from the park of Savigny Platz via the street of Else-Ury-Bogen and a second from Schlüterstraße.

## History

The station was built in 1895/1896 on typical arches of the Berlin Stadtbahn in the middle of the then new residential area around Savigny Platz (named after the jurist Friedrich Carl von Savigny) between the stations of Zoologischer Garten (Zoo) and Charlottenburg. The opening took place on 1 August 1896.
In 1934, the station’s two stairwells with their nameplates and the entrance rooms were modernised. At the same time the railway arches in this area were given a dark brick facade.
# Dansk Fotografisk Forening

The Dansk Fotografisk Forening (DFF) or Danish Photographers Association is a non-profit organization for professional photographers. It was founded in 1879.

## Aims and objectives

Founded in 1879, the association claims to be the world's oldest organization for professional photographers. Its objective is to support and develop photography, foster cooperation among its members and prevent unfair competition.
These aims are facilitated by means of courses, seminars and mutual cooperation in order to inspire the association's members and keep them informed of the latest techniques and procedures.
The association provides information about the training of new photographers. Members can obtain legal advice thanks to contractual agreements with the Danish Union of Journalists, PresseFotograf Forbundet (Danish Union of Press Photographers) and CopyDan, an organisation promoting access to cultural resources against payment of copyright dues.
The organization also cooperates with the Federation of European Photographers.

## History

Dansk Fotografihistorie, published in 2004, provides some interesting details of the association's history:
* In 1879, while the distinction between amateur and professional photography was still rather vague, the Dansk Fotografisk Forening was founded. Court photographer J. Petersen was chairman while Christian Neuhaus, Budtz Müller and many other successful photographers of the 1870s sat on the board.
* In 1880, the association had 87 members. By the turn of the century, there were over 1,000.
* In 1881, the organisation expressed the desire to use photography as a means of recording Denmark's cultural heritage.
* In 1887, Mary Steen was the first woman to become a member of the association. She later became a member of the board.
* In 1889, the association supported the newly founded tourist association, encouraging its members to photograph tourist resorts across the country.
* In 1897, with Peter Raun Fristrup as its spokesman, the association called for a photographic record to be made of Copenhagen, which was undergoing substantial changes.
* In 1909, the organisation's journal Dansk Fotografisk Tidsskrift reported that over the 10 years from 1897 to 1906, the number of photographic firms had risen from 53 to 108 in Copenhagen and from 220 to 263 in the provinces. It also reported that the number of women photographers was rapidly growing.

## Oldest national professional organization

Founded in 1879, the association claims to be the oldest national organization for professional photographers in the world. It should however be mentioned that Austria's Photographische Gesellschaft was founded as early as March 1861. Professional Photographers of America, founded in 1880, was created by the members of the Chicago Photographic Association and the National Photographic Association, the latter having been founded in 1868. The Royal Photographic Society in the United Kingdom was founded in 1853 as The Photographic Society "to promote the Art and Science of Photography" but was not specifically for professional photographers (or limited to members from the United Kingdom).
# Underway

Underway, or under way, is a nautical term describing the state of a vessel which is unconstrained from horizontal translational movement relative to the water and the ground. "Way" arises when there is sufficient water flow past the rudder of a vessel that it can be steered. A vessel is said to be underway if it meets the following criteria:
* It is not aground
* It is not at anchor
* It has not been made fast to a dock, the shore, or other stationary object.
If a vessel is adrift and not being propelled by any instrument or device, it is said to be underway, not making way.
"Under weigh" is a variation, coming from folk etymology, first used in 1749. "Under way" is likely from the Dutch onderweg or Middle Dutch onderwegen (lit. "under" or "among the ways"). Weigh is also a synonym for hanging or dangling, so that the process of raising an anchor, which causes it to hang at the end of the anchor-rope or chain is called “weighing [the] anchor” which leads to confusion between weigh and way, since both are pronounced identically.

## Citations

* ↑ "COLREGs course - Underway". ecolregs.com. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
* ↑ "Vessel making way or under way? – Malta Sailing Academy". msa.maltasailingacademy.com. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
* ↑ Merriam-Webster Mobile Dictionary, 2015, entries for "under weigh" and "under way".

## External references

* "Maloney, Elbert S. Chapman Piloting And Seamanship. 65th Ed. New York: Hearst Books, 2006.
# Tepoto

Tepoto is the name of two atolls in the Tuamotu Archipelago of French Polynesia:
* Tepoto (North), an atoll in the Disappointment Islands
* Tepoto (South), a group of three small atolls in the Raeffsky Islands of central Tuamotu
# Villa Unión, Santiago del Estero

Villa Unión is a municipality and village in Santiago del Estero Province in Argentina.
# Becket (disambiguation)

Becket is a play about Thomas Becket, written in French by Jean Anouilh.
Becket may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Becket (Tennyson play), an 1884 play by Alfred Tennyson
* Becket (1924 film), a silent film based on the play by Alfred Tennyson
* Becket (1964 film), based on a play by Jean Anouilh

## People

* Samuel Beckett (1906–1989), Irish novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet
* Thomas Becket (1115–1170), martyred Archbishop of Canterbury and Catholic saint
* Welton Becket (1902–1969), American architect

## Other uses

* Becket, Massachusetts, United States, a town
* The Becket School, a secondary school in Nottingham, England
* Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C.
* Becket, a U-shaped fastener used to hold up a pulley
# TAC3

Tachykinin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAC3 gene.
# Syde (duo)

Syde (stylised as SŸDE ) are an Australian indie electronic duo consisting of Will Hyde and Mitch Stephens. The name SŸDE "is combination of their last names" with the umlaut used to make them "sound European".
SŸDE released their debut single "Orbit" in 2016. It features Ashe In 2017, SŸDE were Triple J Unearthed High Finalist. and signed with Dew Process.
In November 2017, they released the single "About the Clouds" featuring Olivia Reid, described by Andy Gorel of C-Heads as "A comfortable blend of indie folk and electronic pop." "About the Clouds" was used in a Visa advertising campaign in early 2018.
In July 2018 SŸDE released "Follow" Me featuring Evan Klar.
In August 2019, SŸDE released "Her Touch", with the duo explaining, "The song is about passion, feeling passion and then the sensation of not caring once you’ve lost it. We wanted to touch on the craziness of feeling love so intensely but then the flip side when you're out of love. It’s like you completely forget the feelings you once had when you were in that relationship."

## Members

* Will Hyde – keyboard and producer
* Mitch Stephens – guitar and producer

## Discography
### Singles

List of singles, with year released and certifications :
| Title | Year | Certifications |
| "Orbit" (featuring Ashe) | 2016 | |
| "Above the Clouds" (featuring Olivia Reid) | 2017 | ARIA: Gold |
| "Follow Me" (featuring Evan Klar) | 2018 | |
| "Her Touch" | 2019 | |

## Awards and nominations
### J Awards

The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| J Awards of 2017 | themselves | Unearthed High | Nominated | |
# Edward Parry

Edward Parry may refer to:
* Edward Parry (archbishop of the West Indies) (1861–1943), bishop of Guyana
* Edward Parry (bishop of Killaloe) (c. 1599–1650), bishop of Killaloe
* Edward Parry (bishop of Dover) (1830–1890), bishop of Dover
* Edward Parry (Roman Catholic priest) (1862–1922), Roman Catholic prelate, apostolic prefect of Zambesi (1920–1922)
* Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer) (1893–1972), Royal Navy admiral
* Edward Abbott Parry (1863–1943), English judge and dramatist
* Edward Parry (preacher and poet) (1723–1786), preacher, hymn writer and poet in North Wales
* Edward Hagarty Parry (1855–1931), Canadian-born English international footballer
* Sir Edward Parry (1790–1855), English rear-admiral and Arctic explorer
* Ted Parry (fl. 1892–1925), Welsh footballer
# Dansk Komponist Forening

Dansk Komponist Forening (DKF) (the Danish Composers' Association) is a professional community for professional composers and sound artists in Denmark. DKF was founded in 1913 and is the Nordic countries' oldest composers' association. The association is behind the website KomponistBasen which is a web dictionary of Danish composers.
# Enion, Illinois

Enion is an unincorporated community in Fulton County, Illinois, United States. Enion is located on Illinois Route 100 south of Lewistown.
# Lenin (novel)

Lenin The Novel (published 1987) is a fictional diary of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (better known as Lenin) written by the British journalist Alan Brien. It follows the life of Lenin from the death of his father in early 1886, to shortly before his own demise in 1924.
# Sébastien Balibar

Sébastien Balibar (born 14 October 1947 in Tours) is a French physicist and a member of the French Academy of Sciences. On May 1, 2017, he signed with other scientists a text calling for a vote in favor of Emmanuel Macron during the second round of the 2017 presidential election, in order to "block the road to the worst", represented by Marine Le Pen.

## Awards

* 1978 – Prix Brelot de la Société Française de Physique
* 1988 – Prix Paul Langevin de l'Académie des Sciences
* 1989 – "Photographic Award", conférence ICCG9, Sendai, Japon (with E. Rolley)
* 1994 – Grand Prix du Bicentenaire de l'École Polytechnique (Prix Dargelos)
* 1999 – Professeur Invité, Konstanz Universität, Allemagne
* 1999 – Senior Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
* 1999 – Professeur invité, Kyoto University, Japan
* 1999–2000 – Loeb lecturer, Harvard University, USA
* 2003 – Professeur invité, Kyoto University, Japan
* 2005 – Fritz London memorial prize [with J.C. Seamus Davis (Cornell) and R.E. Packard (Berkeley)]
* 2005 – Fellow of the American Physical Society (voir le site de l'APS)
* 2007 – Three Physicists Prize, ENS (Paris)
* 2009 – Lauréat de l'European Research Council (ERC Advanced grants)
* 2012 – Grand Prix Jean-Ricard de la Société Française de Physique
# Tepoxteco

Tepoxteco is a town of the municipality Chicontepec de Tejeda, in the state of Veracruz, eastern Mexico. This town has got 462 inhabitants, many people still speak the nahuatl language.
# Vine pull schemes

Vine pull schemes are programs whereby grape growers receive a financial incentive to pull up their grape vines, a process known as arrachage in French. A large program of this kind was initiated by the European Union (EU) in 1988 to reduce the wine lake glut from overproduction and declining demand. In the first five years of the program, growers, mainly in southern France and southern Italy, were paid to destroy 320,000 hectares or 790,400 acres (3,199 km$^2$) of vineyard. This was the equivalent to the entire vineyard area of the world's fourth largest grower of grapes, the United States. The EU has recently resumed a vine pull scheme and Plan Bordeaux proposes additional vine pulls to increase prices for generic Bordeaux wine.
It is believed that this has contributed to the "global wine shortage". Research by America's Morgan Stanley financial services firm says demand for wine "exceeded supply by 300m cases in 2012".
# Beapombo II

Beapombo II is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Betroka, which is a part of Anosy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 5,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 46% and 49% of the working population. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, cassava and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 4% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 1% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
23°37′S 45°32′E﻿ / ﻿23.617°S 45.533°E﻿ / -23.617; 45.533
* This Anosy Region location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sydenham, Durban

Sydenham is a suburb west of central Durban, South Africa.

## Sydenham added to Durban Municipality

Although the municipal area of Durban was quite sizeable, and until 1932 comprised some 12 square miles (31 km$^2$), a number of suburbs developed about its perimeter, and in 1921 village management boards were established at South Coast Junction, Umhlatuzana, Mayville, Sydenham and Greenwood Park.
# Edward Parry (archbishop of the West Indies)

Edward Archibald Parry (1861–1943) was Bishop of Guyana from 1900 until 1921 and Archbishop of the West Indies from 1916 until 1921.
Parry was born into an eminent family, his father was Edward Parry, Bishop of Dover, and his grandfather was William Parry, Arctic explorer. He was educated at Winchester and Oriel College, Oxford, and ordained in 1884.
After a curacy at St Mary, Acton and a period as bishop's chaplain to Anthony Thorold, Bishop of Rochester, he was Rector of Sundridge, Kent and Vicar of St Mark, New Milverton, Leamington before his appointment to the episcopate. He was nominated Bishop of Guyana in late 1900, and consecrated bishop by Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Canterbury Cathedral on 28 December 1900. From the death of his cathedral's dean in 1918 onwards, he was additionally dean of the cathedral, an arrangement which continued until 1937.
# Darkflank pipefish

Darkflank pipefish (Syngnathus taenionotus) is a pipefish species that inhabits the north-western Adriatic. It is found both in marine and brackish habitats. It is a demersal fish in which the males are ovoviviparous. It grows up to 19 centimetres (7.5 in) in length. It is found mostly among detritus or vegetation on the shallow muddy bottom.
# Chihsing Tan Katsuo Museum

The Chihsing Tan Katsuo Museum (traditional Chinese: 七星柴魚博物館; simplified Chinese: 七星柴鱼博物馆; pinyin: Qīxīng Cháiyú Bówùguǎn) is a museum in Dahan Village, Xincheng Township, Hualien County, Taiwan. The museum is close to Qixingtan Beach and is dedicated to dried bonito fish (katsuobushi).

## History

The museum was once a Japanese Katsuobushi factory which produced small dried fish flakes that would then be used in many Japanese dishes. It was then reopened as a museum in 2003.

## Architecture

The museum is housed in a 3-story building.

## Exhibitions

The museum exhibits the history of the bonito fish in Taiwan since the Japanese era.

## Transportation

The museum is accessible east from Beipu Station of the Taiwan Railways.
# TIMM23

Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim23 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TIMM23 gene.
# Bakke Church

Bakke Church may refer to:
* Bakke Church (Agder), a church in Flekkefjord municipality in Agder county, Norway
* Bakke Church (Trondheim), a church in Trondheim municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway
* Bakke Church (Buskerud), a church in Øvre Eiker municipality in Buskerud county, Norway
# Herbert Dimmel

Herbert Dimmel (31 August 1894 – 21 October 1980) was an Austrian painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Beap

A beap, or bi-parental heap, is a data structure for a set (or map, or multiset or multimap) that enables elements (or mappings) to be located, inserted, or deleted in sublinear time. In a beap, each element is stored in a node with up to two parents and up to two children, with the property that the value of a parent node is never greater than the value of either of its children.
Beaps are implemented using an array containing only the values to be stored, with the parent-child relationships being determined implicitly by the array indices. (That is: beaps are an implicit data structure.) In that respect they are similar to binary heaps, which are usually implemented that way as well. However, their performance characteristics are different from heaps; in particular, a beap enables sublinear retrieval of arbitrary elements.
The beap was introduced by Ian Munro and Hendra Suwanda. A related data structure is the Young tableau.

## Performance

The height of the structure is approximately ${\sqrt {n}}$. Also, assuming the last level is full, the number of elements on that level is also ${\sqrt {n}}$. In fact, because of these properties all basic operations (insert, remove, find) run in $O({\sqrt {n}})$ time on average. Find operations in the heap can be $O(n)$ in the worst case. Removal and insertion of new elements involves propagation of elements up or down (much like in a heap) in order to restore the beap invariant. An additional perk is that beap provides constant time access to the smallest element and $O({\sqrt {n}})$ time for the maximum element.
Actually, a $O({\sqrt {n}})$ find operation can be implemented if parent pointers at each node are maintained. You would start at the absolute bottom-most element of the top node (similar to the left-most child in a heap) and move either up or right to find the element of interest.