OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thar Coal Railway

The Thar Coal Railway is a infrastructure project focused on linking the Thar coal deposit to Pakistan's Railway network. Funding for this project is expected to be secured soon, with the overall project cost amounting to Rs 58.240 billion. The financing will follow an equal cost-sharing approach through the Public Sector Development Programme and the Annual Development Plan.

## History

A bankable feasibility study for the Thar Coal Mines Rail connectivity with the National Railways Network was carried out between July 2019 and March 2020. The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively assess the potential for extending rail links strategically and to provide recommendations for the effective implementation of the project.
On 5 October 2023, former Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif issued a directive to establish a link between the Thar Coal Mines and the national railway network by March 2023. This crucial connection aims to enable the utilization of local coal from ]Thar in power plants, effectively replacing the need for imported coal. The shift to local coal is anticipated to result in substantial savings of up to $2 billion per year.
The entity responsible for spearheading the development of this project is the Pakistan Railway Freight Transportation Company (PRFTC). The key focus of this company is to manage the transportation of freight, with a specific emphasis on coal, by rail from the port area in Karachi to destinations up-country.

## Stations

The stations will be:
* Islamkot
* Sain Soore Badshah
* Khan Sahab Somo
* Mominabad
* Muhammadabad
* Arbab Nagar
* Sain Talib-ul-Moula
* New Chhor (On Hyderabad-Khokhrapar Branch Line)

## Project Details

The project involves the construction of a 105-kilometer railway line that will connect Thar coal mines to Bin Qasim. The primary objective is to establish a seamless connection between the coal mines in Sindh and both the national and global energy markets. The proposed railway line will extend from Thar Coal Block -II and integrate with the existing railway network. Additionally, a double rail line will be established from the Bin Qasim railways to the Port Qasim Terminal, enhancing transportation capabilities.
# TED Karadeniz Ereğli Koleji

TED Karadeniz Ereğli Koleji (TED Karadeniz Ereğli College) is a combined co-educational school including a primary (elementary) division and a high school division located in Karadeniz Ereğli near the Black Sea in Turkey. The school is a part of the Turkish Education Association (TED) schools.

## History

The college was opened in 1967 with the efforts of the locals, the state, and Erdemir officials. In 1974, the school saw its first graduates, and the elementary school division opened. In 1981, the high school division went under the control of the Ministry of National Education. In 1986, the high school division re-opened, and the event was named "The Second Birth". In 1993, the re-opened high school division saw its first graduates. In 1998, the elementary school division became the primary school division and this has brought the need for a new building, which was completed in 2004.
# Stephany Stefanowitz

Stephany Dianne Damondamon Stefanowitz (born 3 October 1989) is a Filipino-German model, fashion designer, tv host, singer and beauty pageant titleholder. She competed in the 12th edition of the national Miss Philippines Earth beauty pageant where she emerged as the winner and was crowned Miss Philippines Earth 2012 and competed internationally in the Miss Earth 2012 and won Miss Earth Air 2012. She is corporate, TV, and pageant host in the Philippines.

## Miss Philippines Earth 2012

Stefanowitz joined and represented Quezon City in the national Miss Philippines Earth 2012, the largest and most widely participated beauty pageant in the Philippines with 47 official candidates participated in 2012. As a beauty titleholder, she fulfills her duty as one of the spokespersons of the Miss Earth Foundation, an environmental-social-humanitarian outreach arm of Miss Earth beauty pageant.
In the final competition of the Miss Philippines Earth 2012, she competed and achieved one of the five highest scores in the swimsuit, and evening gown competitions for her stage chops and question and answer portion of the pageant. At the conclusion of the pageant, she won and was crowned Miss Philippines Earth 2012. She was crowned by the outgoing Miss Philippines Earth 2011 titleholder, Athena Imperial on 27 May 2012. She also won the Best in Evening Gown award and one of the Best in Runway and Best in Styling.

## Personal

Stefanowitz studied in De La Salle Santiago Zobel and furthered her studies in De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde where she took up and Fashion Design and Merchandising (AB-FDM) and graduated in 2011. Stefanowitz also received a De La Salle Loyalty Award. Her mother is from Butuan and her father is from Hamburg, Germany.

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 2015 | Mister International 2015 | Host | Rappler |
| 2014 | Miss Quezon City | Host | GMA News TV |
| 2014 | Sports Unlimited | Herself | ABS-CBN |
| 2013 | Miss Earth 2013 | Successor | ABS-CBN |
| 2013 | Miss Philippines Earth 2013 | Successor | ABS-CBN |
| 2012 | Miss Earth 2012 | Miss Earth Air / 1st Runner-up | ABS-CBN |
| 2012 | Miss Philippines Earth 2012 | Winner | ABS-CBN |
| 2010 | Miss Philippines Earth 2010 | Runner-up | ABS-CBN |
# Contemporary Christian worship

Contemporary Christian worship may refer to:
* Present day practices in Christian worship generally
* Contemporary worship, a form of Christian worship
** Contemporary worship music, a subgenre of contemporary Christian music
# Bai, Nepal

Wai is a village in Bajura District in the Seti Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,878 and had 551 houses in the village.
# The Rangoon Man

The Rangoon Man is the 240th novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series. It was written by Jack Canon.

## Publishing history

The book was first published in September 1988.

## Main characters

* Nick Carter, agent N-3, AXE
* Hawk, Carter's boss, head of AXE
* Sidney Chong, Importer and exporter of fine antiques
* Jane Camway, a leading British expert on Southeast Asian antiquities
* Rafael Oheda, Filipino financier
* Richard Garfield, AXE Station chief, Macau
* Charlie Verrain, AXE field agent
* Jillian Sorbonnia, AXE agent, Manila Section
* Leslie Munson, British MI6, Hong Kong
* Jane Soong, British MI6, Hong Kong
# Integrated circuit layout

In integrated circuit design, integrated circuit (IC) layout, also known IC mask layout or mask design, is the representation of an integrated circuit in terms of planar geometric shapes which correspond to the patterns of metal, oxide, or semiconductor layers that make up the components of the integrated circuit. Originally the overall process was called tapeout, as historically early ICs used graphical black crepe tape on mylar media for photo imaging (erroneously believed to reference magnetic data—the photo process greatly predated magnetic media).
When using a standard process—where the interaction of the many chemical, thermal, and photographic variables is known and carefully controlled—the behaviour of the final integrated circuit depends largely on the positions and interconnections of the geometric shapes. Using a computer-aided layout tool, the layout engineer—or layout technician—places and connects all of the components that make up the chip such that they meet certain criteria—typically: performance, size, density, and manufacturability. This practice is often subdivided between two primary layout disciplines: analog and digital.
The generated layout must pass a series of checks in a process known as physical verification. The most common checks in this verification process are
* Design rule checking (DRC),
* Layout versus schematic (LVS),
* parasitic extraction,
* antenna rule checking, and
* electrical rule checking (ERC).
When all verification is complete, layout post processing is applied where the data is also translated into an industry-standard format, typically GDSII, and sent to a semiconductor foundry. The milestone completion of the layout process of sending this data to the foundry is now colloquially called "tapeout". The foundry converts the data into mask data and uses it to generate the photomasks used in a photolithographic process of semiconductor device fabrication.
In the earlier, simpler, days of IC design, layout was done by hand using opaque tapes and films, an evolution derived from early days of printed circuit board (PCB) design -- tape-out.
Modern IC layout is done with the aid of IC layout editor software, mostly automatically using EDA tools, including place and route tools or schematic-driven layout tools. Typically this involves a library of standard cells.
The manual operation of choosing and positioning the geometric shapes is informally known as "polygon pushing".
# Clanculus spadiceus

Clanculus spadiceus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 14 mm. The thick, shining umbilicate shell has a conoid shape. The 5½ whorls are convex. The first whorl has a vivid rose color, the following chestnut-brown,. They are subcanaliculate at the suture, in the middle subangulate and minutely spirally cingulate. The ridges number about 9 on the penultimate whorl. The body whorl is carinated, slightly convex beneath and paler, white and brown maculate, concentrically marked with about 9 delicate lirae, the interstices radiately striate. The aperture is subtrapezoidal and plicate within. The lip is double. The basal margin is denticulate. The oblique columella is granulose without, above contorted, truncated below. The umbilical area is white, with an interior spiral ridge and is crenulated at its margin. The columellar callus is obsolete.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off São Tomé and Principe.
# Heterognatha

Heterognatha is a genus of South American orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Heterognatha chilensis. It was first described by H. Nicolet in 1849, and has only been found in Chile.
# Taiwan Accreditation Foundation

The Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF; traditional Chinese: 財團法人全國認證基金會; simplified Chinese: 财团法人全国认证基金会; pinyin: Cáituán Fǎrén Quánguó Rènzhèng Jījīn Huì) is an organization based in Tamsui District, Taipei, Taiwan which provides third party accreditation services in compliance with international standards.

## History

The organization was established by the Ministry of Economic Affairs on 17 September 2003 by merging the Chinese National Laboratory Accreditation and the Chinese National Accreditation Board.

## Organizational structures

* Department of Administration
* Department of Certification Body Accreditation
* Laboratory Accreditation Department I
* Laboratory Accreditation Department II

## Branch office

* Hsinchu City
# Contemporary Culture Index

Contemporary Culture Index (ccindex) is a multidisciplinary international database which provides access to publications in "architecture, art, cinema, cultural studies, design, literature, music, philosophy, photography and social sciences". It was founded in 2002 by Javier Anguera Phipps, serials librarian at the library of the Fundació Antoni Tàpies in Barcelona, and in 2013 it received a grant from the Graham Foundation.
The database is updated daily and is maintained by a team of librarians based in the United States (Somerville, Massachusetts and Manhattan) and Spain (Barcelona). It is described as "address[ing] two tendencies in current scholarship: a homogenization of research sources due to the “search engine effect” (i.e., to believe that what exists and is known is what is retrieved by a commercial search engine) and a multiplicity of modes of access to online materials."
A reviewer for the Art Libraries Society of North America criticised "the deliberately amateurish look and feel of the website" while agreeing that it "responds well on mobile devices", and said that "The true value to this collection is the access to the lesser-known and out-of-print publications that can be found within this index."
It has ISSN 1944-4621.
# Bai (suffix)

Bai or baisaheb is a suffix added to the name of female members of the Hindu dynasties, e.g. Shantabai. It is also used as an honorific for the elder sister amongst the Marathi-speaking people. This type of suffix is also used in several warrior castes and in some of the tribal castes, for example the Lambadi.

## Examples

* Ahilyabai Holkar
* Janabai
* Jhalkaribai
* Jodha Bai
* Mirabai
* Muktabai
# Credit Institutions (Financial Support) Act 2008

The Credit Institutions (Financial Support) Act 2008 (No. 18) is an Act of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). It was emergency legislation passed by the Irish Government on Tuesday, 30 September 2008 and enacted on Thursday, 2 October to provide a €440 billion guarantee to six Irish banks to prevent possible collapse as a result of the Financial crisis of 2007–2008
It was the first time since its foundation that the Seanad began debate on legislation after midnight, passing the bill at 8 a.m. on Thursday 2 October.

## Background

The decision to introduce the bill was made following Monday 29 September 2008, when the ISEQ fell a record 13%, when a number of banks in Europe were collapsing and the United States congress initially rejected their Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 and a subsequent record points-value fall in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
There was a direct positive response on the liquidity markets on the day the bill was announced.

## Constitutionality

In Collins v Minister for Finance, the Supreme Court found that the Act was constitutional.

## Section 6

The Credit Institutions (Financial Support) Scheme 2008 was made under powers conferred by section 6(4) of this Act.
# David Springbett

David John Springbett, FRPSL (1938–2022) was a British philatelist and former insurance broker, who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 2004.

## Philatelic activity

Springbett was President of the Grand Prix Club, a fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society London, President of The Revenue Society and a former Chairman of the Stanley Gibbons company.
He was Chairman of The Stamp Show 2000 in Earls Court, London and was involved in planning for an alternative stamp exhibition to the London 2010 International Stamp Exhibition. The alternative show would have been based at the ExCel conference centre in east London, but the project was abandoned when the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie (FIP) gave the London 2010 show approved status.
In 2001, Springbett edited and compiled a biographical guide to the more than seventy philatelists who have been awarded a Grand Prix award at a philatelic exhibition held between 1950 and 2000.
His philatelic interests lay in revenue stamps and the large key plate stamps of Nyasaland. He won a Grand Prix medal for his exhibit of Straits Settlements at Bangkok in 1993 and was a candidate for a Grand Prix with his Nyasaland revenue stamps in Australia in 1999 and Nyasaland key types at Istanbul 1999.

## Outside philately

David Springbett was an insurance broker and a campaigner on behalf of Lloyds names.
Along with Malcolm Pearson and John Webb he founded Pearson Webb Springbett in 1964 which eventually became PWS Holdings.
He lived in Taplow, Buckinghamshire.

## World record flight

In 1980, Springbett set a world record for a circumnavigation of the world as a passenger on scheduled airline flights by completing the trip in 44 hours and six minutes with the help of supersonic travel on the Concorde. He also beat the record for a circumnavigation of any kind which previously stood at 45 hours and 19 minutes.
# Integrated catchment management

Integrated catchment management (ICM) is a subset of environmental planning which approaches sustainable resource management from a catchment perspective, in contrast to a piecemeal approach that artificially separates land management from water management.

## Details

Integrated catchment management recognizes the existence of ecosystems and their role in supporting flora and fauna, providing services to human societies, and regulating the human environment. Integrated catchment management seeks to take into account complex relationships within those ecosystems: between flora and fauna, between geology, between soils and the biosphere, and between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Integrated catchment management recognizes the cyclic nature of processes within an ecosystem, and values scientific and technical information for understanding and analysing the natural world.
# Awa language (Papua New Guinea)

Awa is a Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea.

## Phonology
### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i | | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Low | æ | | ɑ |

### Allophones

* /p/, /t/, and /k/ are [β], [ɾ], and [ɣ] intervocalically after mid and back vowels
* /r/ is [d] following the vowel [i], and [r] elsewhere
* /t̪s/ is voiced [d̪z] after a nasal consonant
* /j/ may be pronounced [z]

### Phonotactics

* Syllables follow the structure (C)V(C)
* The phonemes /b/, /g/, /r/, and /j/ do not occur word initially
* /ʔ/ is the only consonant occurring word finally

### Tone

* Awa has the high, low, rising, and falling tonemes
# Claude Orval

Claude Orval (1897–1963) was a French screenwriter and film director.

## Selected filmography

* Clodoche (1938)
* Three Investigations (1948)
* Music in the Head (1951)
* Duel in Dakar (1951)
* Montmartre Nights (1955)
# List of Ariane launches

Rockets from the Ariane rocket family have accumulated 260 launches since 1979, 248 of which were successful, yielding a 95.4% success rate. The recently retired Ariane 5, flew 82 consecutive missions without failure between April 2003 and December 2017, but suffered a malfunction during flight VA-241 in January 2018, causing its two satellites to reach an incorrect orbit, and reducing their predicted lifetime as they consumed some of their own fuel to raise their orbits.
For launches in a specific decade, see:
* List of Ariane launches (1979–1989)
* List of Ariane launches (1990–1999)
* List of Ariane launches (2000–2009)
* List of Ariane launches (2010–2019)
* List of Ariane launches (2020–2029)

## Launch statistics
### Rocket configurations

* Ariane 1
* Ariane 2
* Ariane 3
* Ariane 4 40
* Ariane 4 42L
* Ariane 4 42P
* Ariane 4 44L
* Ariane 4 44P
* Ariane 4 44LP
* Ariane 5 G
* Ariane 5 G+
* Ariane 5 GS
* Ariane 5 ECA
* Ariane 5 ES
* Ariane 62

### Launch outcomes

* Failure
* Partial failure
* Success
* Planned
Statistics are up to date as of 9 July 2024.
# Claremont Avenue

Claremont Avenue is a short avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It begins at 116th Street and runs north for a length of eleven blocks until it ends at Tiemann Place (the western segment of 127th Street).

## Structures

South of 120th Street, the eastern side of Claremont Avenue features the heavily fortified backside of the Barnard College campus. The western side features various Columbia University professors' apartments, as well as Columbia and Barnard undergraduate residence halls.
North of 120th Street, the west side of Claremont Avenue contains Riverside Church and a dormitory of the Union Theological Seminary, and the east side contains the seminary itself. Beyond this, the street passes along Sakura Park to the west, and the International House of New York also to the west. The Manhattan School of Music has occupied the former Juilliard School building at 130 Claremont Avenue since Juilliard moved to Lincoln Center in 1969. For the northernmost few blocks, apartment buildings line the street. An outcropping of the Manhattan schist interrupts the row of buildings on the west side of the street between La Salle Street and Tiemann Place.
The intersection of 116th Street and Claremont has been cited as one of the windiest in New York City. Strong winds from the direction of Riverside Park are commonly believed to be "funneled" by the opposing curved façades of The Paterno and The Colosseum.

## In popular culture

The protagonists in F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1922 novel The Beautiful and Damned, Anthony and Gloria Gilbert, moved into an apartment on Claremont Avenue in the novel's last book.
# Ben-Tzur

Ben-Tzur a Hebrew surname literally meaning son of Tzur. Notable people with the surname include:
* Shmaryahu Ben-Tzur, Israeli politician
* Shye Ben Tzur, Israeli musician
* Yoav Ben-Tzur, Israeli politician and rabbi
# Synauchenia

Synauchenia coalescens is a trout-sized, highly compressed arthrodire placoderm restricted to the Late Frasnian-aged Kellwasserkalk Fauna of Bad Wildungen.
Synauchenia coalescens is unique among arthrodires in that the head shield and the trunk shield are fused or "firmly sutured" together in an immobile, helmet-like unit. The neck gap is absent, and the articulations between the cranium and thorax are lost in the evolution of this peculiar feature. The skull of the holotype is 10 cm long.
Synauchenia coalescens was originally placed in its own family, but, it was later determined to be closely related to Oxyosteus and Brachydeirus, and accordingly placed within Brachydeiridae.
# Betty Brodel

Elizabeth Ann Franzalia (née Brodel, February 5, 1920 – March 3, 2024), better known as Betty Brodel, was an American actress, singer and vaudevillian. She appeared in several films during a brief decade-long career, spanning 1936-1946, during the Hollywood Golden Age.

## Early life and career

Elizabeth Ann Brodel was born in Detroit, Michigan, on February 5, 1920, to John (1883–1967) and Agnes Brodel (nee O' Hearn) (1888–1949). Her father was a bank clerk and her mother a homemaker and pianist. Betty and her older sister, Mary (1916–2015), shared their mother's musical interest and started to learn how to play instruments, such as the saxophone and the banjo, at an early age. They began performing in front of audiences in acts that included singing and dancing. They were later joined by youngest sister Joan (1925–2015) when she was just two and a half years of age.
With their father losing his job in the mid-1930s, the Great Depression caused financial difficulties for the family. As a result, the three sisters entered show business as vaudeville performers to support the family. They began touring in Canada and the United States. Collectively, they were known as The Three Brodels. As an attempt to bypass child labor laws at the time, both Mary and Joan pretended to be older than they were. When Joan was nine, she told child labor investigators that she was 16 years old.
All three sisters starred in the 1936 short film "Signing Off", before having successful solo film careers, with Joan becoming the most successful as a major star in Hollywood. Brodel's most significant film role was in 1944's Swing Hostess, where she played the supporting role of Phoebe, and had two singing numbers. She also appeared in Thank Your Lucky Stars (1943), Ladies Courageous (1944), Cover Girl (1944), Hollywood Canteen (1944), and Too Young to Know (1945). Her last feature film was Cinderella Jones in 1946.

## Personal life and death

In 1948, Brodel married Joe Franzalia, who died in 1999. They lived in Fort Walton Beach, Florida from 1963. Betty Brodel turned 100 in February 2020, and died on March 3, 2024, at the age of 104. She was survived by two children, three grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Studio | Notes |
| 1936 | Signing Off | Herself | | Short film |
| 1943 | Thank Your Lucky Stars | Girl in Ann Sheridan Number | Warner Bros. | Uncredited |
| 1944 | Ladies Courageous | WAF | Walter Wanger Productions | Uncredited |
| 1944 | Cover Girl | Chorus Girl | Columbia Pictures | Uncredited |
| 1944 | Swing Hostess | Phoebe | Sigmund Neufeld Productions | |
| 1944 | Hollywood Canteen | Herself | Warner Bros. | Uncredited |
| 1945 | Too Young to Know | Party Guest | Warner Bros. | |
| 1946 | Cinderella Jones | Red Cross Nurse | Warner Bros. | Uncredited |