OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cragg Hines

Charles Cragg Hines (19 June 1945 - 16 December 2023) was born in Dallas, Texas, was employed by the Houston Chronicle, as a correspondent, bureau chief and columnist, for more than three decades. He retired from the Chronicle in 2007. Since his retirement, Hines wrote for Washingtonian (magazine) as a freelancer and was a Democratic activist since 2008.
in 2001, Hines was named as one of the "Top 50 Journalists" in D.C., by Washingtonian, along with other notable journalists such as Dan Rather, Cokie Roberts, and Bob Woodward.
Hines reported from the Berlin Wall in 1987, and covered each summit meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev, through three administrations. He also reported on Saudi Arabia at the start of the Persian Gulf War, and the September 11 attacks.

## Education and background

Hines earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Journalism from the University of North Texas in 1967. While a student, he served as an editor of The Yucca, the yearbook of North Texas State University, in 1964, 1965, and 1966.
Hines was awarded a congressional fellowship, by the American Political Science Association, for the 1970-71 academic school year. The program is a highly selective, nonpartisan program devoted to expanding knowledge and awareness of Congress.

## Career

Hines was a news reporter, bureau manager and statehouse correspondent for United Press International, in Dallas, and later in Little Rock. After five years, he left in 1972, and began working at the Houston Chronicle.
Hines' 35-year career with the Chronicle began in 1972, when he worked as a correspondent. Later, in 1983, he served as the paper's Washington bureau chief where he served in that position until 2000. He was a columnist at the Chronicle, until his retirement in 2007.
Hines reported from the Berlin Wall in 1987, when President Ronald Reagan made his "tear down this wall" speech. He also covered each summit meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev, through the Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Clinton administrations. He was in Saudi Arabia at the start of the Persian Gulf War, and wrote the main story in the Chronicle’s special edition, covering the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center.

## Awards and recognition

Hines was the recipient of several awards and honors, some of which are listed below.
* 1970-71 Awarded a Congressional Fellowship, by the American Political Science Association, funded by the Ford Foundation.
* 2001 Hines was one of the Top 50 Journalists in D.C., named by Washingtonian magazine.
* 2001 First-place, Texas Associated Press Managing Editors Award.
* 2007 Adweek referred to Hines "One of the great Washington monuments in the journalism community."
* 2019 The Mary Marshall Outstanding Democrat Award, by the Arlington County Democratic Committee.
# Cryptoregiochemistry

Cryptoregiochemistry refers to the site of initial oxidative attack in double bond formation by enzymes such as fatty acid desaturases. This is a mechanistic parameter that is usually determined through the use of kinetic isotope effect experiments, based on the premise that the initial C-H bond cleavage step should be energetically more difficult and therefore more sensitive to isotopic substitution than the second C-H bond breaking step.
# Ceratobarys

Ceratobarys is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There is one described species in Ceratobarys, C. eulophus.
# Corbin, Missouri

Corbin is a former rural community in St. Clair County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It was located in Section 8 of Polk Township, about seven miles east of Osceola. The community site was inundated and destroyed with the creation of the Truman Reservoir.
A post office called Corbin was established in 1901, named for Jim Corbin, and remained in operation until 1933.
The former Corbin Church laying west along former Route 82 from the Corbin post office is now Bear Creek Church, and Missouri Route 82 has been realigned to the south. The former Route 82 alignment is now NE 320 Rd. through the former location of Corbin. The road joins modern Route 82 to the east, and ends to the west where the now inundated and wider Weaubleau Creek lies in the Truman Reservoir Management Lands.
# Beriev Be-4

The Beriev Be-4 (originally designated KOR-2) was a reconnaissance flying boat built to operate from Soviet warships during World War II.

## Design and development

In 1939, Beriev was ordered to develop a successor to the KOR-1 design, which would overcome the numerous problems encountered in operational experience with that design. The new aircraft, with the in-house designation KOR-2, first flew on 21 October 1940 at the Beriev factory in Taganrog.
The Be-4 was an elegant, parasol-winged monoplane with a slight inverse-gull wing. The large radial engine was mounted in a nacelle above the fuselage.
Testing continued through January 1941, when series production was ordered under the designation Be-4, at a factory near Moscow. However, due to the start of World War II, only two aircraft were completed. The factory was dismantled, and evacuated to Omsk, then to Krasnoyarsk, where production resumed in May 1943 to the end of 1945. A total of 47 aircraft were eventually completed.

## Operational history

The Be-4 was placed into operational service with the Russian Black Sea Fleet from 1942, where it was used for coastal reconnaissance, anti-submarine and transport duties. It was also used on the cruisers Maxim Gorki and Kirov.

## Operators
### Soviet Union

* Soviet Naval Aviation

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: three
* Length: 10.50 m (34 ft 5 in)
* Wingspan: 12.00 m (39 ft 4 in)
* Height: 4.05 m (13 ft 3 in)
* Wing area: 25.5 m$^2$ (274 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 2,082 kg (4,590 lb)
* Gross weight: 2,760 kg (6,085 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-62 radial , 746 kW (1,000 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 356 km/h (221 mph, 192 kn)
* Range: 1,150 km (716 mi, 622 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 8,100 m (26,575 ft)
Armament
* 1 × trainable 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun for observer
* up to 300 kg (661 lb) of bombs or depth charges
# Dryopteris cognata

Dryopteris cognata, the large kidney fern, is a herbaceous plant, a member of the Dryopteridaceae family.

## Distribution

It is an endemic species to St. Helena.

## Taxonomy

It was named by Otto Kuntze, in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 812 in 1891.
# Astragalus crotalariae

Astragalus crotalariae is a species of milkvetch known by the common name Salton milkvetch. It is native to the Colorado Desert in California and other Sonoran Deserts in Arizona and northern Mexico. It grows in desert scrub habitat, including the Salton Sink in the Coachella Valley.

## Description

Astragalus crotalariae is a bushy perennial herb growing to heights between 15 and 60 centimeters. It is roughly hairy and has an unpleasant scent. The leaves are up to 16 centimeters long and are made up of several pairs of thick oval-shaped to rounded leaflets. The open inflorescence bears up to 25 reddish purple flowers, each 2 to 3 centimeters long. The fruit is an inflated legume pod up to 3 centimeters long. It is usually roughly hairy and dries to a thick papery texture.

### Selenium

Like many other Astragalus species, this plant accumulates selenium from the soil. It has also been shown to harbor a selenium-metabolizing Bacillus species in its seed pods.
# Carveol dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a carveol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.243) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    (-)-trans-carveol + NADP$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ (-)-carvone + NADPH + H$^+$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (-)-trans-carveol and NADP$^+$, whereas its 3 products are (-)-carvone, NADPH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD$^+$ or NADP$^+$ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (-)-trans-carveol:NADP$^+$ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called (-)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in monoterpenoid biosynthesis and limonene and pinene degradation.
# Ayvalık, Yumurtalık

Ayvalık is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yumurtalık, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 457 (2022).
# Craggs

Craggs may refer to:

## Places

* Craggs, Florida, United States

## People

* Charlie Craggs, British transgender activist and author
* Fred Craggs, New Zealand association football player
* Helen Millar Craggs (1888–1969), British suffragette and pharmacist
* Jack Craggs (1880–?), English footballer
* James Craggs the Elder (1657–1721), English politician
* James Craggs the Younger (1686–1721), English politician, son of James Craggs the Elder
* John Craggs (songwriter) (1849–?), English poet
* John Craggs (footballer) (born 1948), English footballer
* Kenneth Cragg (1913–2012), Anglican bishop and scholar
# Central Park East station

Central Park East Station is a station on Line 9 and Line 10 of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing municipality, China. It is located in Yubei District and opened in 2017.
# Copulative

Copulative may refer to:
* Copula (linguistics), a part of speech
* Copulation (zoology), the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproducing animals for insemination and subsequent internal fertilization
# Charles O'Reilly

Charles O'Reilly (died 1800) was an Irish Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Kilmore from 1798 to 1800.
He was appointed the Coadjutor Bishop of the Kilmore and Titular Bishop of Fussala by Pope Pius VI on 17 May 1793. On the death of Denis Maguire, O'Reilly automatically succeeded as the diocesan bishop of Kilmore on 23 December 1798.
Bishop O'Reilly died in office on 6 March 1800.
# Dryopteris affinis

Dryopteris affinis, the scaly male fern or golden-scaled male fern, is a fern native to western and southern Europe and southwestern Asia. It is most abundant on moist soils in woodlands in areas with high humidity, such as the British Isles and western France. In the Mediterranean region and the Caucasus it is confined to high altitudes.

## Description

Dryopteris affinis is virtually evergreen and bears light green fronds 60–160 cm (24–63 in) long, moderately stiff and hard-textured, the rachis at the base of the frond densely covered in yellow-brown scales known as ramenta. The frond is bipinnate, the pinnae up to 8–18 cm (3–7 in) long, the pinnules broad rectangular with the margin most toothed close to the pinna tip.$^{:444}$ There is a blackish spot at the base of the pinna where it joins the rachis.
Individual fronds live for about 1.5 years and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. D. affinis is closely related to Dryopteris filix-mas, distinguished by its usually more robust habit with usually more evergreen fronds, more densely scaly frond stems, and more rectangular (less tapered and lobed) pinnae and pinnules.
It is one of the larger European native ferns, with older specimens developing a dense, almost tree fern-like base up to 20–30 cm (8–12 in) high and 30–40 cm (12–16 in) broad.

## Cultivation

Numerous cultivars and varieties have been selected for garden use, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
* D. affinis
* 'Polydactyla Mapplebeck'
* 'Crispa Gracilis'
* 'Cristata'
* 'Cristata Angustata'
* Young fronds in spring
* Ramenta on the fern's rachis
* 'Shuttlecock' form of growth
# Atash

Atash may refer to:
* The New Persian word for Atar, the Zoroastrian concept of holy fire
* Atash Behram, the highest grade of a fire that can be placed in a fire temple
* Atash, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Atash (newspaper), a defunct newspaper in Iran
* Mohammed Nadir Atash, Afghan-American educator
# Caroline Kwambai

Caroline Chepkorir Kwambai (born 9 September 1975) is a Kenyan former long-distance runner who competed in road running competitions. Her greatest international honour was a team gold at the 2001 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, where she finished twelfth. She also won a team gold as a junior athlete at the 1990 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She holds a marathon personal best of 2:28:47 hours, set during her runner-up finish at the 2003 Amsterdam Marathon.
Kwambai was a frequent competitor in European road races and won several high profile half marathons, including: the Paris Half Marathon, Prague Half Marathon, Great Scottish Run and Zwolle Half Marathon. She was also the 2003 winner of the BIG 25 Berlin and Fifth Third River Bank Run races over 25 kilometres. She competed in a dozen marathons in her career. She was in the top three at the Prague International Marathon in 2006 and 2008. In 2007, she was runner-up at the Turin Marathon and third at the Singapore Marathon. Her sole marathon win was at the lower level Kassel Marathon in Germany in 2012.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 1990 | World Cross Country Championships | Aix-les-Bains, France | 4th | Junior race | 14:23 |
| 1990 | World Cross Country Championships | Aix-les-Bains, France | 1st | Junior team | 20 pts |
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 11th | 1500 m | 4:22.08 |
| 2001 | World Half Marathon Championships | Bristol, United Kingdom | 12th | Half marathon | 1:10:27 |
| 2001 | World Half Marathon Championships | Bristol, United Kingdom | 1st | Team | 3:28:04 |

## Circuit wins

* Fifth Third River Bank Run: 2008
* BIG 25 Berlin: 2003
* La Lagarina Half Marathon: 2010
* Paris Half Marathon: 2007
* Prague Half Marathon: 2006
* Cordoba Half Marathon: 2005
* Great Scottish Run: 2003
* Zwolle Half Marathon: 2002
* Gironingen Half Marathon: 2002
* Wurzburger Residenzlauf: 2003
* Zwitserloot Dak Run: 2002

## Personal bests

* 1500 metres – 4:22.08 min (1990)
* 5000 metres – 15:56.30 min (2003)
* 10K run – 31:28 min (2001)
* Half marathon – 69:45 min (2001)
* Marathon – 2:28:47 (2003)
# Avenida Balboa

Avenida Balboa is a road in Panama City, Panama. It is named after Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, It is approximately 3.5 km long and is located along the Pacific Ocean, making it one of the biggest attractions for real estate development in the city.
Along the avenue lies one of the main financial centers of the city. The road intersects with the Corredor Sur across the bridge of the Slaves and Israel road via the bridge Paitilla. Its average traffic is approximately 75,000 vehicles per day.
The average cost of the road is $2000 per square meter, making it the most expensive road in Panama. Avenida Balboa was completely remodelled and expanded in 2009. The aims of the expansion were to make the road a major tourist attraction and an important meeting point for the city.

## Tallest buildings

* Bicsa Financial Center (267 m)
* Arts Tower (264 m)
* Rivage (233 m)
* YooPanama (232 m)
* Torre Waters (232 m)
* Torre Megapolis (230 m)
* White Tower (218 m)
* Yacht Club Tower (215 m)
* Destiny Panama Bay (181 m)
* Sky Residences (180 m)
* Miramar Tower I (168 m)
* Miramar Tower II (168 m)

## Gallery

* Avenida Balboa in 2008
* Avenida Balboa from Cinta Costera
* Avenida Balboa skyscrapers undergoing construction
* Avenida Balboa at night
# Cratinus Junior

Cratinus the Younger (4th century BC) was a comic poet of the Middle Comedy, and was a contemporary of Plato and of Corydus. He flourished in the middle of 4th century BC, and as late as 324 BC. Some scholars believe that he even lived into the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

## Surviving titles and fragments

Nine titles of his plays have survived:
| Bouseris ("Busiris") Gigantes ("The Giants") Theramenes (Theramenes") Omphale ("Omphale") Pythagorizousa ("Female Pythagorean") | Tarantinoi ("Men from Tarentum") Titanes ("Titans") Cheiron ("Chiron") Pseudypobolimaios ("The False Changeling") |
Many fragments ascribed to the Old Comedy playwright Cratinus were probably by Cratinus the Younger.
# Cucurbitella

Cucurbitella may refer to the following:
* Cucurbitella (plant), a genus of flowering plants
* Cucurbitella (amoeba), a genus of amoebae
# Cesinha

Cesinha may refer to:
* Césinha (Carlos César dos Santos, born 1980), Brazilian football left winger
* Cesinha (footballer, born 1981) (Luiz Cesar Barbieri), Brazilian football striker
* Cesinha (footballer, born 1986) (Cesar Augusto Pereira Marques), Brazilian football defender
* Cesinha (footballer, born 1989) (César Fernando Silva Melo), Brazilian football forward
* Cesinha (footballer, born 1992) (César Velez da Silva), Brazilian football forward
* Cesinha (footballer, born 1996) (Mário César Belli), Brazilian football midfielder
# Coral plant

Coral plant is a common name for several flowering plants and may refer to:
* Balanophora coralliformis in the family Balanophoraceae
* Berberidopsis corallina in the family Berberidopsidaceae
* Jatropha multifida, a species of Jatropha in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae
* Russelia equisetiformis in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae
# Dryopteris arguta

Dryopteris arguta, with the common name coastal woodfern, is a species of wood fern. It is native to the west coast and western interior mountain ranges of North America, from British Columbia, throughout California, and into Arizona.
It grows between sea level and 6,000 feet (1,800 m). It is found in mixed evergreen forests, oak woodlands, and shady lower elevation slopes in chaparral and woodlands habitats.

## Description

Dryopteris arguta is somewhat variable in appearance. Leaflets sometimes turn at an angle from the leaf, giving it a ruffled or lacy look, and the toothed leaflets may have bristles at their tips. According to C. Michael Hogan, the thin concave indusia are quite closely spaced and almost entirely cover the sporangia.
# Descent: An Irresistible Tragicomedy of Everyday Life

Descent: An Irresistible Tragicomedy of Everyday Life is a 2004 roman à clef by Sabrina Broadbent about a troubled marriage. The protagonist, Genevieve, is a psychiatric nurse whose husband, a filmmaker, leaves her at home while he travels the world having sexual intercourse with well-known actresses. Descent was Broadbent's debut novel and is based on her own marriage. After Descent, her next novel was You Don't Have to be Good, which also takes romantic problems as its subject. Descent was the inaugural winner of the W H Smith Raw Talent Award. Stephen Rodrick of The New York Times called Descent "a touching, smart novel."

## Background

The novel is based on Broadbent's previous marriage. Broadbent had been married to Michael Winterbottom and had had two daughters with him, but the couple divorced; Andrew Eaton suggested that Winterbottom went on to reflect the family's life in fiction as well, in the film Genova, although Winterbottom denied this claim. As an autobiographical novel, Descent specifically documents the deterioration of Broadbent's marriage to Winterbottom as a result of his long work-related absences. Broadbent began writing the novel at age 49, after taking a Jacksons Lane course in creative writing. In relation to Descent, Broadbent said, "I didn't really set out to write a novel... I was writing about a woman who gets to that point in her life that everything seems to be collapsing."
# Asterella drummondii

Asterella drummondii is a liverwort in the family Aytoniaceae, which was first described as Fimbraria drummondii by Taylor in 1846, from material collected by Ronald Gunn in Tasmania, and James Drummond (for whom it is named) in Western Australia from the Swan River. It is found in all states of Australia, in semi-arid areas.

## Description

Asterella drummondii is a liverwort occurring on soil crusts or organic material in both wet and dry habitats. The thallus usually has a single tongue-like shape but sometimes appears as a star shaped rosette with a red/black margin, making the species easily found. When the thallus is dry, it rolls up to expose dark wavy margins. The fruiting bodies occur on dark stalks on the surface of the thallus. They hang down and have a white frill on the lower edge.
# Casa do Cabido

Casa do Cabido is a historic house in Santiago de Compostela, Province of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, facing the Praza de Praterías. It was designed for urban beautification in order to decorate and match the surroundings and completed in 1758 in the baroque style.

## History and characteristics

The medieval silversmith guilds gave name to the Praza das Praterías and to the south façade of the Cathedral: across the square, the Baroque-style Casa do Cabido was built, about three meters deep with an only scenographic function, closing one of the sides around the fountain. Designed by the architect of the Galician baroque Clemente Fernández Sarela, it dates from the year 1758. Initially it was the seat of the Cathedral Council, but it became private property in the mid-nineteenth century.
This way Casa do Cabido, in front of the Cathedral, had a new fake façade strictly following the local architectural order of the early 18th century, the style of plates typical of the Baroque in Compostela.
It inspired Valle-Inclán the story of My Sister Antonia, just like the fountain (Fonte dos Cabalos) inspired Federico García Lorca for the Dance of the Moon poem in Santiago. In the year 2005, the film The Carpenter's Pencil was shot on it.
# BDS-1

Blood-depressing substance-1 (BDS-1), also known as kappa-actitoxin-Avd4a, is a polypeptide found in the venom of the snakelocks anemone Anemonia sulcata. BDS-1 is a neurotoxin that modulates voltage-dependent potassium channels, in particular Kv3-family channels, as well as certain sodium channels. This polypeptide belongs to the sea anemone type 3 toxin peptide family.

## Etymology

BDS-1 brings about a decrease in blood pressure by blocking Kv3 potassium channels. Thus, this protein is named after its antihypertensive function.

## Sources

BDS-1 is a toxin secreted by the nematocyst of Anemonia sulcata (Mediterranean snakelocks sea anemone).

## Chemistry

BDS-1 is a 43 amino acids long polypeptide chain, which consists of six cysteines linked by three disulfide bridges. The secondary structure of BDS-1 possesses three-stranded antiparallel β-sheets, along with one more short antiparallel β-sheet at its N-terminus. When viewed along the polypeptide strand, its structure showa a right-handed twist.
BDS-1 shares structural homology with the toxin BDS-2, which belongs to the same type-3 peptide family. It also displays around 24–26% identity with toxins AsI (ATX-I), AsII (ATX-II), and AsV (ATX-V) from Anemonia sulcata and AxI (AP-A) from Anthopleura xanthogrammica.

## Target

BDS-1 is an inhibitor of the fast inactivating Kv3-family channels, including Kv3.1, Kv3.2 and Kv3.4 channels. Additionally, BDS-1 affects the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels, Nav1.1, Nav1.3, Nav1.6 and Nav1.7.

## Mode of action

BDS-1 modifies the voltage-dependent gating properties of Kv3 potassium channels by binding to the voltage sensitive domains on S3b and S4 subunits. The toxin elicits a depolarizing shift in the conductance-voltage relation, making it more difficult to open, and slows both the activation and inactivation kinetics of these ion channels.
In addition, BDS-1 enhances the current flowing through several voltage-gated sodium channels. The toxin binds to the S3-S4 linker of domain IV and slows the inactivation of the channel, resulting in increased current upon depolarization. BDS-1 has a very strong potency for the human Nav1.7 channel. In mice, BDS-1 slows the inactivation of Nav1.3 channels but has smaller effects on the inactivation of Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 channels. This is probably due to a different channel sensitivity for the toxin.

## Toxicity

By targeting Kv3.1a channels, BDS-1 concentrations at or above 3 μM are toxic to mouse fibroblasts.