OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chennupati Vidya

Chennupati Vidya (5 June 1934 – 18 August 2018) was an Indian politician and social worker. She was twice elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980 and 1989 from Vijayawada constituency on an Indian National Congress ticket. G. Lavanam and G. Samaram are her brothers.

## Biography

She was the daughter of famous atheist Goparaju Ramachandra Rao, better known as Gora, and of his wife Saraswathi. She was born in Vizianagram in today's Andhra Pradesh on 5 June 1934 and was educated at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. In 1950, she married Chennupati Seshagiri Rao (1921–2008). She had one son and three daughters.
From 1969 she was the president of the Vasavya Mahila Mandali, an NGO dedicated to the empowerment of women and children in Andhra Pradesh.
She was elected to the 7th Lok Sabha in 1980 from Vijayawada constituency on an Indian National Congress ticket. She was reelected in 1989 to the 9th Lok Sabha from the same constituency.
She was President of Andhra Pradesh Kho-kho Association and associated with Rotary Movement and Lions Club.
She died in Vijayawada on 18 August 2018.

## Awards and recognition

* 2014: Jamnalal Bajaj Award under "Development and welfare of women and children" category.
* Aadarsa Manya Mahila (Ideal Woman) in the Telugu Book of Record.
# De Morgan

De Morgan or de Morgan is a surname, and may refer to:
* Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871), British mathematician and logician.
** De Morgan's laws (or De Morgan's theorem), a set of rules from propositional logic.
** The De Morgan Medal, a triennial mathematics prize awarded by the London Mathematical Society.
* William De Morgan (1839–1917), English designer, potter, ceramics-worker, and novelist.
* Evelyn De Morgan (1855–1919), English pre-Raphaelite painter.
* Jacques de Morgan (1857–1924), French archaeologist.
# Centennial Trail

Centennial Trail may refer to:
* Black Hills Centennial Trail, South Dakota, United States
* Centennial Trail (Illinois), in Chicago
* North Idaho Centennial Trail, Idaho, United States
* Centennial Trail (Montana), in Helena
* Snohomish County Centennial Trail, Washington (U.S. state)
* Spokane River Centennial Trail, Washington (U.S. state)
* Centennial Trail (Manitoba), in Whiteshell Provincial Park
# Eucalyptus perriniana

Eucalyptus perriniana, commonly known as spinning gum, is a tree or mallee which is native to New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania. Spinning gum is a sub-alpine species and grows in areas which are normally snow covered for several months in winter. However domestic cultivars can grow in almost any temperate climate.

## Description

Eucalyptus perriniana is a tree which sometimes grows to a height of 20 m (70 ft) or a mallee with smooth, copper-coloured bark which often turns white, grey or greenish as it ages before being shed in short ribbons each year. Its adult leaves are lance-shaped, greyish-green, 80–120 mm (3–5 in) long and 12–25 mm (0.5–1 in) wide. The juvenile leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, more or less round and lack a peduncle. The flowers are arranged in groups of three and the flower buds are 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) in diameter. The flower caps are cone-shaped or hemispherical and the fruit is 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus perriniana was first formally described in 1894 by Leonard Rodway from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller. Rodway's description was published in Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Rodway did not give a reason for the specific epithet (perriniana) but George Samuel Perrin was Conservator of Forests in Tasmania in 1886 and 1887 before being appointed Conservator of Forest in Victoria in 1888.

## Distribution and habitat

Spinning gum grows in woodland on high, cold plains in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania.

## Conservation

This eucalypt is listed as "rare" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. Only about one thousand individual plants are known from that state.

## Uses

Catechin-7-O-glucoside and catechin-5-O-glucoside can be produced by biotransformation of (+)-catechin by cultured cells of E. perriniana.
# Canton of Bergerac-1

The canton of Bergerac-1 is an administrative division of the Dordogne department, southwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganization which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Bergerac.
It consists of the following communes:
# Daniel I

Daniel I may refer to:
* Daniel I of Armenia (ruled 347)
* Archbishop Danilo I of the Serbian Orthodox Church (ruled 1271–1272)
* Daniel of Moscow (1261–1303)
* Daniel I of Kongo (ruled 1674–78)
* Metropolitan Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš (1670–1735)
* Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro (1826–1860)
* Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro (1871–1939)
* Patriarch Daniel of Romania (b. 1951)
# End System Multicast

End System Multicast (ESM) was a research project at Carnegie Mellon University. It developed a peercasting system for streaming live, high-quality video and audio to large audiences.

## History

The project was founded in 1999. It was used to broadcast events online over the internet, including:
* SIGCOMM 2002 and 2003, NOSSDAV 2004 and INFOCOM 2005
* John Kerry's rally at CMU in 2004
* cmuTV
* DARPA Grand Challenge in 2004
* RoboCup 2005
ESM was featured at the Intel Developer Forum in 2005.
ESM is no longer under active development by researchers at CMU. In 2006, several members of the ESM research group founded Rinera Networks in order to commercialize the ESM technology. In 2008, Rinera Networks changed its name to Conviva.

## Technology

ESM used a peer-to-peer network to distribute video data across all viewers of a video stream. It constructs an overlay tree to distribute data, and continuously optimizes this tree to minimize end-to-end latency. The root of the tree is the source of the broadcast. This is typically the machine that encodes the video data. This machine sends a stream of data packets to the nodes at the first level of the tree. Each of those nodes then forwards the data to the nodes connected to them, and so on, such that all nodes in the system receive the data stream.
ESM allowed any user with a DSL or broadband connection or higher to broadcast good quality video to a large number of people. Since it is a peer to peer network, a broadcaster need only broadcast the video to one person for any number of people to view it. Due to the nature of peer to peer multimedia networks, skips in playback or buffering can occur.
# Eccopisa

Eccopisa is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1848.

## Species

The genus Eccopisa is monotypic. It contains only the following species:
* Eccopisa effractella Zeller, 1848

## Etymology

The species name effractella derives from Latin effractus, meaning “broken out”.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is present in most of Europe, including British Islands and except Fennoscandia, Ireland and Estonia. The distribution extends from west Portugal, across Central, Southern and Eastern Russia. In the south the area extends to Italy and Greece. These moths mainly occur in cultivated areas of gardens and parks.

## Description

Eccopisa effractella can reach a wingspan of 14–16.5 mm (0.55–0.65 in). This species shows brown forewings, black or dark brown eyes and yellowish labial palps. The hind wings are pale brown. In the male, there is a cutout in half of the front edge of the hind wing.

## Biology

Adults fly from mid May to October, with one to two generations, depending on the location. These moths are nocturnal. The phytophagous larvae live in groups of 7/8 specimens in spun leaves of various deciduous trees. Main host plants include Malus sylvestris, Euonymus europaeus, Prunus padus, Salix and Corylus. They feed also on big-leaved lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus) and on Yponomeuta species. Usually they overwinters as a larva in a white cocoon and pupation occurs in the next spring. However pupae were found sporadically in winter in oak and willow galls.
# Elaine Cancilla Orbach

Elaine Cancilla Orbach (January 19, 1940 – April 1, 2009) was an American stage and musical theatre actress and dancer.

## Career

Orbach, known professionally as Elaine Cancilla, appeared on Broadway and Off Broadway in productions including: Fiorello!, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, Here's Love, Flora the Red Menace, Sweet Charity and Cry for Us All.

## Private life

In 1979 she married actor Jerry Orbach, a star on stage and later of film and television (Law & Order). They met several years earlier while appearing together in the original Broadway theatre production of the Kander & Ebb musical, Chicago. They also co-starred in a touring production of Neil Simon's play, Chapter Two.
Following his death in 2004, she petitioned to have a portion of 53rd Street at Eighth Avenue, in New York City's Theater District (and near his long-time home), renamed "Jerry Orbach Way"; it was rechristened in 2007.

## Death

She died on April 1, 2009, at age 69, from pneumonia in a hospital in New York City.
# De Morgan (crater)

De Morgan is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the central region of the Moon, midway between the crater D'Arrest two crater diameters to the south, and Cayley to the north. Its diameter is 9.7 km. It is named after British logician Augustus De Morgan.
This crater is circular and bowl-shaped, with a small interior floor at the midpoint between the conical, sloping inner wall.
# Centronia peruviana

Centronia peruviana is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.

## Description

The plant has been observed growing from 3-5 m in height. It bears flowers with waxy pinkish petals.
# Billinge Hill

Billinge Hill is in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in North West England. With a maximum elevation of 179 m (587 ft), it is the highest point of Merseyside. It lies in Billinge, within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, and it is one of the 176 hills graded as a Marilyn in England.
A beacon tower is at the summit. Built as a summerhouse to Winstanley Hall in the 18th century, it was used for the Year 2000 celebrations. Most fireworks displays for miles around can be seen from the summit and people often gather there in small numbers to watch displays over the towns of Wigan and St Helens and the local village of Rainford. Over the years it has been covered in graffiti which was recently cleaned off and the metal panels restricting access to the inside of the beacon have been painted black.
Nearby to the north-west are several large transmitter masts which take advantage of the height and relative isolation of the land. The views are fairly extensive, notably to the southwest where, when clear, the mountains of Snowdonia, in Wales, can be seen and to the northeast Winter Hill can be seen. Looking east one sees Manchester and the Derbyshire Peak District. On a clear day, it is possible to see Blackpool Tower just over 25 miles (40 kilometres) away, the town of St. Helens and the Widnes–Runcorn bridge. Depending on the conditions and direction it is facing, the telescope at Jodrell Bank can be seen to the southeast, also just over 25 miles (40 kilometres) away.
Billinge Hill was also used by the Royal Observer Corps, and there was a bunker at the site, 60 yards (55 metres) west of and below the beacon. The beacon itself was used for aircraft observation during and after the war. The bunker would have been used to monitor the location of nuclear blasts and the resulting fallout over Lancashire in the event of nuclear war. The post opened in January 1960 and closed in October 1968.
# Canton of Berre-l'Étang

The canton of Berre-l'Étang is an administrative division of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, in southeastern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, it was expanded from 3 to 9 communes. Its seat is in Berre-l'Étang.

## Composition

It consists of the following communes:
* Berre-l'Étang
* Cornillon-Confoux
* Coudoux
* La Fare-les-Oliviers
* Lançon-Provence
* Rognac
* Saint-Chamas
* Velaux
* Ventabren

## Councillors

| Election | Councillors | Party | Occupation |
| 2015 | Christiane Pujol | FN | Commercial |
| 2015 | Jean-Marie Verani | FN | Civil servant |
| 2021 | Julie Arias | LR | Mayor of Lançon-Provence |
| 2021 | Yannick Guérin | LR | Mayor of Velaux |

## Pictures of the canton

| The Pont Flavien in Saint-Chamas | Lançon-Provence's street | Berre-l'Étang's beach |
# EDANS

EDANS (5-((2-Aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) is a donor for FRET-based nucleic acid probes and protease substrates. EDANS is often paired with DABCYL or DABSYL. The combination can be used in enzyme assays. When the two compounds are in close proximity, most of the energy emitted from EDANS will be quenched by DABCYL. However, if the compounds are separated (for example, by substrate cleavage) EDANS will fluoresce, giving an indication of enzyme presence.
# Dapeng Wu

Dapeng Wu is an electrical engineer at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to video communications, processing, and wireless networking.
# Bohunt Horsham

Bohunt Horsham is a coeducational all-through school located in Horsham, West Sussex, England. The school opened to 120 students in Year 7 in 2019 in temporary accommodation near the centre of Horsham and a new, purpose-built school was opened at Mowbray, north of the town, in 2022 Eventually the school will take 1620 students from ages 4–16, and will include a nursery with provision for 50 places. Bohunt School Horsham is funded by the Department for Education as a free school. The school is sponsored by the Bohunt Education Trust, led by Bohunt School in Liphook, Hampshire.

## Opening in 2019 & Temporary Site

The new school is the third newly opened school by the Bohunt Education Trust. It opened in a temporary site in Hurst Road, Horsham in September 2019, with 120 students joining in the first year. The trust announced the Head Teacher in November 2018.

## Permanent Site

The school relocated to the Mowbray development off Rusper Road in 2022. This is part of a wider development north of Horsham, including up to 2,750 homes, a business park, and sports facilities.
# Ena Lamont Stewart

Ena Lamont Stewart (10 February 1912, Glasgow – 9 February 2006, Dalmellington) was a Scottish playwright.

## Life and career

Stewart was the daughter of a Church of Scotland minister whose family was originally from Canada and had settled in Glasgow.
She married the Scottish actor Jack Stewart and had a son, William. The couple both joined Glasgow's MSU Repertory Theatre in Rutherglen.
She was disturbed by the poverty in the Gorbals, and by the sight of "shawly women". She became a receptionist at the Sick Children's Hospital and witnessed malnutrition and other diseases.
She later worked as the librarian of Baillie's Reference Library.
Stewart was, with Joan Ure and Ada F Kay, a founder member of the Scottish Society of Playwrights, having called with Hector MacMillan and John Hall the meeting which decided to establish the Society in September 1973, and the Scottish League of Dramatists.

## Plays

Stewart's first play was Distinguished Company. Her second play was Starched Aprons about the everyday trials of hospital life.
She wrote Men Should Weep in two days. Both plays were commercial successes. However, her subsequent plays were turned down for production.
Men Should Weep was a major theatrical landmark for the representation of Scottish, class and gender issues. Glasgow Unity Theatre first performed the play at the Athenaeum Theatre, Glasgow, on 30 January 1947. After the company closed in 1951, the play fell into obscurity. Stewart revised her play in the 1970s, and it was revived for the 1982 Clydebuilt Season. The play saw the light of day again in 2005 when it was rated one of the top 50 plays of the last century.

## Other plays

The Heir to Ardmally, 1950's (Pitlochry festival theatre)
Walkies Time for a Black Poodle
Knocking on the Wall – Edinburgh festival

## Acclaim

In autumn 1998, theatre professionals were asked to nominate ten English language 20th century plays. 100 plays were selected, among them Ena Lamont Stewart's "Men Should Weep", representing the year 1947.
# Edgar Joel

Edgar Joel (born August 30, 1961) is an American salsa musician, trombonist, and bandleader. He was born in Philadelphia to a Puerto Rican family originating from Barranquitas, Puerto Rico. As the bandleader of his self-titled band, he recruited Anthony Colón as the lead vocalist of the group. His first hit was a cover of Tito Livio's "Hasta El Sol De Hoy" which reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs which earned the band two Lo Nuestro nominations for Tropical New Artist of the Year and Tropical Song of the Year in 1994. Later in 1995, "En las Nubes" (also originally recorded by Livio) became their first number-one hit on the Billboard Tropical Airplay chart.
# Elcock

Elcock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ancil Elcock (born 1969), footballer from Trinidad and Tobago
* Edson Elcock (born 1985), American soccer player of Trinidadian heritage
* Roland Elcock VC MM (1899–1944), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Steve Elcock (born 1957), Anglo-French composer
* Ward Elcock, Canadian civil servant who served as the Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service 1994–2004
* Wayne Elcock (born 1974), English boxer
# David Williams (astrochemist)

David Arnold Williams (born 9 September 1937) is a retired British astrochemist and Emeritus Perren Professor of Astronomy at University College London.

## Background

He was born in Nottingham the son of Unitarian minister James Arnold and Frances Barbara (Begg) Williams. In 1945 the family moved to Larne, Northern Ireland where David was educated at Larne Grammar School. He entered Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland to study mathematics, physics and chemistry and was awarded a B.Sc. in 1959 and a Ph.D. in 1963.

## Career

He was an assistant lecturer at the Manchester College of Science and Technology from 1963 to 1965, after which he was a research associate at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center near Washington, D.C. from 1965 to 1967. He was then successively lecturer, reader and professor at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology between 1967 and 1994. Since 1994 he has been a Professor of Astronomy at University College, London.

## Work

Professor Williams field of study is astrochemistry, involving the study of molecular line emissions in outer space to analyse and interpret the evolutionary process of the universe.
He led research groups at both Manchester and London and produced more than 300 publications in journals and books. His particular interests are the chemistry of the very early universe, the formation of low and high mass stars and the formation of hydrogen in the universe.
He served as President of the Royal Astronomical Society for 1998–2000.

## Honours and awards

He was awarded OBE in 2000.
In 2009 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for Astronomy for his contributions to astronomy in the field of astrochemistry, applying it in progressive phases of star formation, from prestellar objects to protostars to the disks and planets found around young stars.

## Private life

He married Doreen Jane Bell in 1964, with whom he had two sons, Richard and Alan.
# Billinge and Winstanley Urban District

Billinge (from 1927 Billinge and Winstanley) was, from 1872 to 1974, a local government district in the administrative county of Lancashire, England.
The district was created in 1872 as a local government district, governed by a local board. It covered three separate parishes: Billinge Chapel End, Billinge Higher End and Winstanley. These had all previously been townships within the larger parish of Wigan, but as they appointed their own overseers of the poor they had each become separate civil parishes in 1866 with the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1866. When sanitary districts were established in August 1872 the three parishes were briefly included in the Wigan Rural Sanitary District. A public meeting was held at the Stork Inn at Billinge Chapel End on 24 October 1872 where it was decided that the three parishes would form a group called the Billinge Local Government District, allowing them to establish their own board and become a separate urban sanitary district, independent of the Wigan Rural Sanitary District. The Local Government Board confirmed the creation of the district on 16 December 1872.
Under the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), local boards became urban districts with effect from 31 December 1894. The 1894 Act also created parish councils for rural parishes, but the three parishes in the Billinge district were all classed as urban parishes and so did not have their own parish councils, being instead directly administered by Billinge Urban District Council. The three parishes were merged into a single parish called Billinge and Winstanley on 1 April 1924, covering the same area as the urban district, although the former parish areas continued to be used as wards for the election of councillors. The urban district was renamed Billinge and Winstanley on 5 May 1927.
The urban district was abolished in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972. It was one of only eleven urban districts or boroughs in England to be split between new districts under the 1972 Act. The Billinge Chapel End ward became a parish again, and was included in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside. No successor parish was created for rest of the urban district, covering Billing Higher End and Winstanley wards, which became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester.
# Canton of Wassigny

The canton of Wassigny is a former administrative division in northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 15 communes, which joined the canton of Guise in 2015. It had 6,612 inhabitants (2012).
The canton comprised the following communes:
* Étreux
* Grougis
* Hannapes
* Mennevret
* Molain
* Oisy
* Ribeauville
* Saint-Martin-Rivière
* Tupigny
* La Vallée-Mulâtre
* Vaux-Andigny
* Vénérolles
* Grand-Verly
* Petit-Verly
* Wassigny

## Demographics

Historical population of Canton of Wassigny (Source: INSEE) :
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 |
| Population | 7 039 | 7 451 | 7 003 | 7 005 | 6 743 | 6 712 |
| From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once. |||||||
# EDARADD

Ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adapter protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDARADD gene.

## Function

This gene was identified by its association with ectodermal dysplasia, and specifically with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, a genetic disorder characterized by defective development of hair, teeth, and eccrine sweat glands. The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain-containing protein, and is found to interact with EDAR, a death domain receptor known to be required for the development of hair, teeth and other ectodermal derivatives. This protein and EDAR are coexpressed in epithelial cells during the formation of hair follicles and teeth. Through its interaction with EDAR, this protein acts as an adaptor, and links the receptor to downstream signaling pathways. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

## Interactions

EDARADD has been shown to interact with TRAF2.