OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dominick Tavella

Dominick Tavella is an American sound engineer. He has been sound mixing since 1976 and specializes in balancing and recording the final soundtrack in its many formats for film, TV, and documentaries. D.A. Pennebaker was one of his college instructors who eventually became his mentor and later connected him to his first sound job. His first Union was as a transfer engineer, later a re-recording engineer, at DuArt Film Laboratory in New York City. There he mixed documentaries and low budget feature films. In 1988, Tavella joined Sound One where he built his reputation among clients such as Paul Schrader, Jim Jarmusch, Darren Aronofsky, Ric Burns, and Ken Burns. His documentaries, Jazz and New York were both nominated for Emmys for best sound. In 2003, he won an Oscar for Best Sound Mixing and a BAFTA for best sound for the film Chicago. He has worked on more than 180 films since 1981.

## Filmography

| Film | Year |
| Pi | 1998 |
| Chicago | 2002 |
| Uptown Girls | 2003 |
| Vanity Fair | 2004 |
| Infamous | 2006 |
| The Fountain | 2006 |
| Penelope | 2006 |
| Definitely, Maybe | 2008 |
| Mamma Mia! | 2008 |
| The Wrestler | 2008 |
| Winter's Bone | 2010 |
| Black Swan | 2010 |
| The Wolf of Wall Street | 2013 |
| Noah | 2014 |
| Rock the Kasbah | 2015 |
| The Queen of Katwe | 2016 |
# Bipolar cylindrical coordinates

Bipolar cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system in the perpendicular $z$-direction. The two lines of foci $F_{1}$ and $F_{2}$ of the projected Apollonian circles are generally taken to be defined by $x=-a$ and $x=+a$, respectively, (and by $y=0$) in the Cartesian coordinate system.
The term "bipolar" is often used to describe other curves having two singular points (foci), such as ellipses, hyperbolas, and Cassini ovals. However, the term bipolar coordinates is never used to describe coordinates associated with those curves, e.g., elliptic coordinates.

## Basic definition

The most common definition of bipolar cylindrical coordinates $(\sigma ,\tau ,z)$ is
    $x=a\ {\frac {\sinh \tau }{\cosh \tau -\cos \sigma }}$
    $y=a\ {\frac {\sin \sigma }{\cosh \tau -\cos \sigma }}$
    $z=\ z$
where the $\sigma$ coordinate of a point $P$ equals the angle $F_{1}PF_{2}$ and the $\tau$ coordinate equals the natural logarithm of the ratio of the distances $d_{1}$ and $d_{2}$ to the focal lines
    $\tau =\ln {\frac {d_{1}}{d_{2}}}$
(Recall that the focal lines $F_{1}$ and $F_{2}$ are located at $x=-a$ and $x=+a$, respectively.)
Surfaces of constant $\sigma$ correspond to cylinders of different radii
    $x^{2}+\left(y-a\cot \sigma \right)^{2}={\frac {a^{2}}{\sin ^{2}\sigma }}$
that all pass through the focal lines and are not concentric. The surfaces of constant $\tau$ are non-intersecting cylinders of different radii
    $y^{2}+\left(x-a\coth \tau \right)^{2}={\frac {a^{2}}{\sinh ^{2}\tau }}$
that surround the focal lines but again are not concentric. The focal lines and all these cylinders are parallel to the $z$-axis (the direction of projection). In the $z=0$ plane, the centers of the constant-$\sigma$ and constant-$\tau$ cylinders lie on the $y$ and $x$ axes, respectively.

## Scale factors

The scale factors for the bipolar coordinates $\sigma$ and $\tau$ are equal
    $h_{\sigma }=h_{\tau }={\frac {a}{\cosh \tau -\cos \sigma }}$
whereas the remaining scale factor $h_{z}=1$.
Thus, the infinitesimal volume element equals
    $dV={\frac {a^{2}}{\left(\cosh \tau -\cos \sigma \right)^{2}}}d\sigma d\tau dz$
and the Laplacian is given by
    $\nabla ^{2}\Phi ={\frac {1}{a^{2}}}\left(\cosh \tau -\cos \sigma \right)^{2}\left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial \sigma ^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial \tau ^{2}}}\right)+{\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial z^{2}}}$
Other differential operators such as $\nabla \cdot \mathbf {F}$ and $\nabla \times \mathbf {F}$ can be expressed in the coordinates $(\sigma ,\tau )$ by substituting the scale factors into the general formulae found in orthogonal coordinates.

## Applications

The classic applications of bipolar coordinates are in solving partial differential equations, e.g., Laplace's equation or the Helmholtz equation, for which bipolar coordinates allow a separation of variables (in 2D). A typical example would be the electric field surrounding two parallel cylindrical conductors.
# 1420s in architecture
## Buildings and structures
### Buildings

* 1417–1420 – Ulugh Beg Madrasah in Samarkand is built.
* 1419–1427 – Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence (first stage), designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.
* 1420
** Khan Jaqmaq, Damascus, is completed.
** Forbidden City of Beijing, China, is completed.
** Temple of Heaven in Beijing is completed.
* 1421 – Traditional foundation date of Larabanga Mosque in northern Ghana.
* 1424 – Start of final stage of construction of Doge's Palace, Venice.
* 1425 – Rebuilding of Sherborne Abbey choir, England, begins.
* c. 1425 – Rebuilding of St. Leonhard, Frankfurt, choir, perhaps by Madern Gerthener.
* 1428–1430 – Ca' d'Oro, Venice, built by Giovanni and his son Bartolomeo Bon for the Contarini family of doges.
* 1427 – Harmondsworth Great Barn in England is completed.
* 1428 – Church of Sant'Agostino, Amatrice, Kingdom of Naples, is built.
* 1429 – Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand is completed.

## Births

* c. 1429 – Guiniforte Solari, Milanese engineer, architect and sculptor (died 1481)
# Bessemer

Bessemer may refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Bessemer, Ontario

### United States

* Bessemer, Alabama
** Bessemer Airport
** Bessemer Civic Center
* Bessemer, Colorado
* Bessemer, Michigan
* Bessemer City, North Carolina
* Bessemer, Ohio
* Bessemer, Pennsylvania (disambiguation), multiple locations
* Bessemer Mountain, a summit in Washington state
* Bessemer Township, Michigan
* A fictitious town in Upstate New York in David Stout's novel The Night of the Ice Storm

## Other uses

* The Bessemer process, the first inexpensive industrial production method for steel
* Bessemer (surname)
* SS Bessemer, a Victorian experimental paddle steamer
* Bessemer, a GWR 3031 Class locomotive
# Empire class

Empire class may refer to:
* Empire ship, an Empire-class merchant ship used during World War II by the British Government
* Merchant aircraft carrier, an Empire-class merchant ship adapted to both carry grain and carry a limited complement of aircraft for convoy patrol duty
# Dunfield

Dunfield may refer to:
* Dunfield, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
* Dunfield, Gloucestershire, a hamlet of Kempsford in England

## People with the surname

* Hugh Clifford Dunfield (1891–1973), Canadian provincial politician
* Kari Dunfield (fl. 1995–2018), Canadian agrometeorologist
* Nathan Dunfield (born 1975), American mathematician
* Peter Dunfield (c. 1931–2014), Canadian figure skater and coach
* Sonya Klopfer Dunfield (born 1934), American competitive figure skater and coach
* Terry Dunfield (born 1982), Canadian soccer player
# Clytemnestra (disambiguation)

Clytemnestra is a figure from Greek mythology.
Clytemnestra may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Clytemnestra (Collier), a 1882 oil painting by John Collier
* Clytemnestra (dance), a 1958 ballet by Martha Graham
* Clytemnestra Sutpen, a fictitious character in the 1936 novel Absalom, Absalom!

## Other uses

* Clytemnestra adspersa, synonymous to a species of beetles Neodillonia albisparsa.
# Chris Duncan (musician)

Chris Duncan, is an Australian Scottish Fiddle player. He was described by The Age's Anna King Murdoch as being one of the "two really great Scottish fiddle players in the world." His album Fyvies Embrace - The Golden Age of the Scottish Fiddle won the 2000 ARIA Award for Best World Music Album.

## Discography
### Albums

List of albums :
| Title | Album details |
| Fyvies Embrace - The Golden Age of the Scottish Fiddle | Released: September 1999 Label: ABC Classics (465 2632) Formats: CD |
| The Red House - The Heritage Of Scottish Fiddle (with Catherine Strutt and Julian Thompson) | Released: November 2006 Label: ABC Classics (465 2632) Formats: CD |
| Carriages at Midnight (with Catherine Strutt) | Released: March 2015 Label: Chris Duncan Formats: CD, digital |

## Awards and nominations
### ARIA Music Awards

The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| 2000 | Fyvies Embrace - The Golden Age of the Scottish Fiddle | Best World Music Album | Won | |
# Clayman (surname)

Clayman is an English surname.

## Notable people

* Dee L. Clayman, American scholar and professor
* Flynn Clayman, American college basketball coach
* Michelle Clayman, American businesswoman
# Ella Bay National Park

Ella Bay is a national park beside Ella Bay and spans the localities of Wanjuru in the Cassowary Coast Region and Eubenangee in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia.

## Geography

The park is 1329 km northwest of Brisbane. It is part of the Coastal Wet Tropics Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for the conservation of lowland tropical rainforest birds. It can be reached via Flying Fish Point on Ella Bay Road. The largest and most prominent mountain in the park is Mount Arthur, which rises to 478 metres above sea level.

## Wildlife

394 species of animals and 462 species of plants have been recorded in Ella Bay National Park. Of these, 12 species of animals and 13 species of plants are rare or endangered.

## Amenities

Adjacent to the park are camping facilities which are closed as of 2017.
# Donald Gauf

Donald Valentine "Don" Gauf (January 1, 1927 – October 11, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He was a member of the Edmonton Mercurys that won a gold medal at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.
# Bisse Unger

Bisse Fredrik Eric Albert Unger (born 17 February 1994) is a Swedish former child actor, well known for his role as Per in Håkan Bråkan & Josef.

## Selected filmography

* 1999 - En häxa i familjen
* 2002 - Alla älskar Alice
* 2002 - Outside Your Door
* 2002 - Bella – bland kryddor och kriminella (TV)
* 2002/2003 - Tusenbröder (TV)
* 2004 - Håkan Bråkan & Josef
* 2006 - Tusenbröder – Återkomsten
* 2006 - Mäklarna (TV)
* 2007 - Se upp för dårarna
* 2007 - Arn – The Knight Templar
* 2008 - Allt flyter
# Charlie Ve'hetzi

Charlie Ve'hetzi (a.k.a. - Charlie and a Half; Hebrew צ'ארלי וחצי) is a 1974 Israeli comedy film by Boaz Davidson. It stars Israeli comedians Yehuda Barkan and Ze'ev Revach.

## Plot

Charlie gets by through fleecing suckers with a three-card Monte. He passes himself off as a rich businessman. Miko is a street kid who spends his time with Charlie instead of going to school. His sister tries, unsuccessfully, to raise him on her own. The plot follows Charlie's attempt to conquer the heart of Gila, a rich girl whose parents try to matchmake her to an American millionaire somewhat against her will.

## Cast

* Yehuda Barkan – Charlie Ben Chanania
* Ze'ev Revach – Sasson
* Arieh Elias – Zaki Ben Chanania
* Edna Flidel [he] – Flora Ben Chanania
* Haya Katzir – Gila Zohar
* Geula Nuni – Lili
* Elisheva Michaeli – Mrs. Zohar
* Natan Cogan – Chaim Zohar
* Tuvia Tzafir – Robert
* Moshe Ish-Kassit – Gedalia
* Reuven Shefer – Car Salesman
* Tikva Aziz – Mazal
* Aryeh Moskuna – Neighbor
* Mordecai Ben-Ze'ev – Erlich
* Nurit Cohen – Yafa
* David Shushan – Miko
# Beryl Levinger

Beryl Levinger is an American academic and educator. She is professor of international development at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, California.

## Biography

Levinger is an international development professional who focuses on five core areas: strategic planning; education; evaluation; capacity development; and health. She is a frequent contributor to the work of Root Change, a US-based social venture organization.
Levinger has worked in over 90 countries for multiple international development organizations, including the World Bank, USAID, Save the Children, CARE, AFS International, the Carter Center, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Grameen Foundation, and the Inter-American Development Bank. A graduate of the Bronx High School of Science, Cornell University, and the University of Alabama, Levinger also served (until 2018) as distinguished visiting professor within Emory University's Master's in Development Practice program.
Currently, Levinger plays a number of key roles at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in addition to serving as distinguished professor. She chairs the Development Practice and Policy Program, is academic director for the program in Design, Partnering, Management, and Innovation (DPMI), and is Middlebury's curricular innovation officer.
Levinger is one of the three co-founders (along with Vicky Colbert and Oscar Mogollon) of the highly acclaimed Escuela Nueva movement that began in Colombia. She is also founder of the Coverdell Peace Corps Fellows Program and was part of the team that founded InterAction, the leading association of US-based NGOs. Among her books are Human Capacity Development Across the Lifespan and Nutrition, Health, Education and for All. In 1996, she delivered the ninth annual Martin J. Forman Memorial Lecture (Capacity, Capital and Calories), based on her research regarding the interplay among learning outcomes, nutrition and health.
Levinger served as director or co-director of research for all but one of the annual Save the Children's State of the World's Mothers Report. In 2016, the organization retired that report and introduced in its stead an annual End of Childhood Report; Levinger is research co-director for this new publication, which compares the nature of childhood across 175 countries.
# Dumaresq Shire

Dumaresq Shire was a local government area in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.
Dumaresq Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905.
The shire office was in Armidale. Towns and villages in the shire included Ebor, Hillgrove and Wollomombi.
Dumaresq Shire was amalgamated with the City of Armidale to form Armidale Dumaresq Council on 21 February 2000.
# Bonansea

Bonansea is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Bonansea (born 1996), Argentine football forward
* Barbara Bonansea (born 1991), Italian football player
* Federico Bonansea (born 1998), Argentine footballer
* Miranda Bonansea (1926–2019), Italian actress and voice actress
# Dominikanerkirche

Dominikanerkirche may refer to:
* Dominican Church, Vienna
* Chiesa dei Domenicani, the Dominican Church, Bolzano, Italy
# Bisse Wahlin

Bertil "Bisse" Wahlin (1917–2007) was a Swedish television personality and botanist.

## Career

Wahlin became known for the SVT show Mitt i naturen during the 1980s. Prior to his television work, he served at Linköping's Plant Protection Institute from 1940 to 1970.
Wahlin's later career involved roles in various nature-related radio and TV programs. He authored multiple books, wrote for industry periodicals, and was awarded an honorary doctorate by Linköping University.
# 11th meridian

11th meridian may refer to:
* 11th meridian east, a line of longitude east of the Greenwich Meridian
* 11th meridian west, a line of longitude west of the Greenwich Meridian
# Embla (given name)

Embla is a Scandinavian feminine given name. In Norse mythology, Embla was the first woman.
People with the name Embla include:
* Embla Hjulström (born 1994), Swedish actress
* Embla Kristínardóttir (born 1995), Icelandic basketball player
# Durjan Shah

Durjan Shah was a Nagvanshi king in the 17th century. He had built Navratangarh fort.

## Early life

He succeeded Bairisal. Immediately after accession to Nagvanshi throne, he threw away all allegiance to the Mughals.

## Mughal Invasion and Imprisonment

Because of the independent attitude of Durjan Shah, coupled with possibility of acquiring diamonds from Khukhra found in the river bed of Sankh, Jahangir ordered governor of Bihar Ibrahim Khan, an expedition against Durjan Shah in 1615. Durjan Shah sent some of his men to Ibrahim Khan and promised to pay some diamond and elephants but Khan could not agree to it. Before Durjan Shah could collect his kinsmen Ibrahim Khan invaded Khukhra with the help of guides. As it was a surprise attack, Durjan Shah was not able to do preparation to defend himself So he fled to the nearby hills with his family members. Durjan Shah was later found in cave with his family members. They were arrested and all the diamonds taken. Twenty three elephants also fell in the hand of Ibrahim Khan. Durjan Shah was taken to Patna and then he was sent to prison in Gwalior.
Mughal officials were collecting diamonds in river bed of Khokhra and sending it to Mughal court. Two diamonds were brought to Jahangir from some place. The Jeweller tested the diamonds, they declared the best among them to be impure and impure to be sound. Durjan Shah was recalled from prison to identify real diamonds. He pointed out flaw and proved himself right. He tied the diamonds to the end of horn of a ram and made it fight with another ram. While flaw diamond split other remain intact. Jahangir was so pleased that he released him. Durjan Shah begged that the other Raja who had been in the confinement of Gwalior fort should be released. He requested that his formal position to be restored to him. He agreed to paid annual tribute of Rs 6,000 and title of Shah was also conferred on him.

## Construction of Navratangarh fort

Durjan Shah was released from Mughal captivity in 1627 after twelve years of imprisonment. During the absence of Durjan Shah from Khokhra, one of the relatives of him had captured the throne of chieftaincy although the overall control of the region continued to be exercised by the imperial officers. The occupant of the chieftaincy developed hostility towards Mughals. As a result, Ahmed Beg Khan, the Nephew of Ibrahim Khan Fatah Jang and deputy governor of Orissa Subah, attacked the Khokhra in 1624. But Mughal could not mobilise effective army against him and could not remove him from the throne.
Durjan Shah came to Khokhra. He was compelled to fight to regain his lost position and succeeded in establishing himself in the throne. In fight, he was assisted by one of the rajas who had accompanied him from Gwalior. But disgusted by this internal strife some Nagvanshi family members left their home and migrated to distant places.
He constructed the fort of Doisagarh, also known as Navratangarh, in Gumla around c.1630.

## Death

He died in 1640 in Navratangarh. He succeeded by his brother Ram Shah.
# Bononi

Bononi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carlo Bononi (1569?–1632), Italian painter
* Lionello Bononi, Italian baroque period painter
* Bartolommeo Bononi (active 1491–1528), Italian renaissance painter
# Chlidonophora incerta

Chlidonophora incerta is a species of brachiopod in the family Chlidonophoridae.

## Disputes

Chlidonophora incerta was discovered by Davidson in 1878 and he classified it in the genus Megerlia. Other taxonomists categorized it under the genus Terebratulina. Later it was reclassified into the genus Chlidonophora which is currently accepted.

## Existence

Chlidonophora incerta is extant to the present day but its complete fossil range is unknown. There have been a total of 125 occurrences of the species, mainly in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean sea and the North Atlantic ocean off the east coast of Europe. There are 2 synonymous names, Megerlia incerta and Terebratulina incerta both of which are unaccepted.

## Description
### Characteristics

Chlidonophora incerta lives in the deep waters of the Atlantic ocean in the Benthic zone. It is blind like all other species of Rhynchonellata. It is stationary and attached to a surface like all other brachiopods. It is a filter feeder and its diet consists of suspended food particles in the water like phytoplankton. It has a taphonomy of low mg calcite like all other brachiopods. It is also gonochoric, i.e. there are 2 genders, male and female and an organism is only one gender throughout its lifetime like in humans.

### Life cycle

Firstly, the mother sheds the eggs into the water. The eggs are fertilized during the time of spawning. They hatch into free-swimming larvae that metamorphose into adults which are stationary and cannot move freely.
# Closed for the Season

Closed for the Season may refer to:
* Closed for the Season (film), a 2010 supernatural thriller film
* Closed for the Season (novel), a 2009 novel by Mary Downing Hahn
* "Closed for the Season", a song by the Hives from the album Barely Legal
# Charles Odell

Charles Shead Odell (1830 – 11 October 1875) was a cricketer who played two matches of first-class cricket for Canterbury in 1869 and 1871.
# Dongri Jail

Dongri jail is a British era jail on Jail road, Dongri, an area in Mumbai, India. It played an important role in the Indian freedom movement, as it played host to a number of under-trial freedom fighters like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Savarkar and Agarkar.
The jail was built by the British in the eighteenth century as on 1804. Originally located within the Dongri fort ramparts, building of a separate jail was first suggested by Aungler in 1671. The people initially detained here included both, Indians as well as British nationals. For instance, in March 1701, the Provost Marshal John Hall was confined to the Dongri jail for being drunk. As time progressed, especially towards the end of the nineteenth and beginning of twentieth centuries, its inmates mostly consisted of Indians, especially those charged with sedition (usually freedom fighters) or people awaiting trial.
It now functions as a juvenile delinquents home for children who are below 18 years of age, convicted of crimes.

## List of famous inmates

* Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1882)
* Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1882)
* Veer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1911)
# 1536 in India

Events from the year 1536 in India.

## Events

* The tomb of Jamal Kamali completed The enclosed tomb of Jamail Kamali
* Bahadur Shah of Gujarat second reign as sultan of Gujarat Sultanate begins (ends 1537)

## Births

* Joao De Bustamante, pioneer of the art of printing in India, specifically in Goa is born (dies 1588).

## Deaths

* Jamali Kamboh, poet and Sufi of the Suhrawardiyya sect.
* Guru Jambheshwar, founder of the Bishnoi dies (born 1451)
# Emblance Downs stone circles

Emblance Downs stone circles are a pair of stone circles located in the parish of St. Breward on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, England.

## Description

The two ruined stone circles are situated between King Arthur's Downs and Emblance Downs, on Bodmin Moor (grid reference SX134775). They lie close together separated by 2.5 metres and each has a diameter of about 23 metres. The circles had a very irregular spacing of stones, and each ring has an exceptionally large stone to the southeast.
The western circle is better preserved with six upright and two fallen stones on the perimeter, with the one in the southeast being 1.6m long. Another two fallen and perhaps displaced stones are near the centre of the circle. There may have been about 15 stones originally.
The eastern circle has eight surviving stones, with four upright stones and one fallen stone on the perimeter. There are two slabs lying outside the circle, and within the circle there is a long slab (3.3 metres) in the southeast quadrant.
The remains of another stone circle known as Leaze stone circle can be found about 300 metres to the southeast. Around 500 metres in a west by north-west direction lies the enigmatic enclosure known as King Arthur's Hall.
# Emirler, Kuzyaka

Emirler is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 142 (2021).