OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cipangopaludina cathayensis

Cipangopaludina cathayensis is a species of large, freshwater snail with an operculum and a gill, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae, the river snails.

## Taxonomy

This species was described under the name Paludina catayensis by French Jesuit Pierre Marie Heude in 1890. Later reviewers treated the specific name catayensis as an orthographic error and changed the specific name to cathayensis. There is high intraspecific variation of shells within the genus Cipangopaludina, so Wilhelm Kobelt (1909) considered this taxon as a subspecies of Vivipara chinensis. Later authors Yen (1943), Liu (1991) and Lu et al (2014) considered this taxon as a separate species.

## Distribution

The species has a wide distribution throughout central and southeastern China, occurring in East China (provinces Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi), Northeast China (Jilin), North China (Shanxi, Hebei) and Central China (Henan, Hubei, Hunan).

## Description

The width of the shell is 24.3–50.5 mm. The height of the shell is 27.7–58.5 mm. The shell has from five to six whorls. The apex is pointed.
| Drawing of an apertural view. | Drawing of an abapertural view. |
C. cathayensis has gills and an operculum. The kidney is triple-shaped. The diploid chromosome number of C. cathayensis is 2n=18. The complete mitochondrial genome of Cipangopaludina cathayensis is known since 2014. Its length is 17,157 bp.

## Ecology

It inhabits lakes, reservoirs and ponds, as well as grassy paddies, where it clings to aquatic plants.
Each gravid female carries more than 60 embryos inside her. The shell of embryo has three whorls.
The pollutant removal in constructed wetlands with these snails was better, than in constructed wetlands without them.
Parasites of Cipangopaludina cathayensis include trematode Aspidogaster conchicola.

## Human use

It is used as human food and in the preparation of medicines, and as feed for fish, poultry and livestock. It is also used as a fertilizer.
# Diplomatic Academy of Chile

Academia Diplomática Andrés Bello (ADAB) of Chile is the institution responsible for training Chile's future diplomats and has also contributed to the preparation of diplomats from South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. It is one of the oldest Academy on the American continent.

## History

The Diplomatic Academy was established on June 3, 1954, by Decree of and bears the name of Andrés Bello, in memory of the illustrious Venezuelan-Chilean who served as Senior Official of Foreign Relations, equivalent to Undersecretary of Foreign Relations.
In 1963, the academy was established as a formal division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in 1964, under the direction of professor and historian Jaime Eyzaguirre, a profound reform of the study programs was carried out, incorporating subjects such as Diplomatic Practice, Economics, International Organizations.
On March 29, 1974, the Chilean Treasury acquired the September Palace by expropriation, a property located at Calle Catedral No. of the Ministry of Lands and Colonization, currently the Ministry of National Assets, assigned the Edwards Palace to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, designating it as the headquarters of the "Andrés Bello" Diplomatic Academy of Chile. The building houses the Ministry Library, Pinacoteca, Mapoteca, language laboratory, reception rooms, and an auditorium for ceremonies or events.
In addition to teaching classes, seminars and conferences are held for students, international meetings, negotiations, official commitments, and activities typical of diplomatic functions.

## Directors

* Alberto Sepúlveda Contreras (1954)
* Hernán Cuevas Irarrázabal (1954–1955)
* Jaime Eyzaguirre Gutiérrez (1959–1960)
* Mariano Bustos Lagos (1961)
* Jaime Eyzaguirre Gutiérrez (1962–1965)
* Edmundo Vargas Carreño (1966–1968)
* Eduardo Palma Carvajal (1969–1970)
* Juan Somavía Altamirano (1969–1970)
* José Miguel Insulza Salinas (1972–1973)
* Mario Barros van Buren (1974–1975)
* Jorge Berguño Barnes (1981–1984) / (1975)
* Mariano Fontecilla de Santiago Concha (1975–1977)
* Carlos Derpsch Bartsch (1977–1980)
* Enrique Carvallo Díaz (1984–1986)
* Fernando Zegers Santa Cruz (1986–1990)
* Óscar Pinochet de la Barra (1990–1991)
* Ramón Huidobro Domínguez (1992–1995)
* Eduardo Ortiz Romero (1995–2000)
* Carlos Portales Cifuentes (2000–2001)
* Rolando Stein Brygin (2001–2006)
* Pedro Barros Urzúa (2007–2008)
* Alberto Yoacham Soffia (2008–2009)
* Juan Salazar Sparks (2009–2010)
* Pablo Cabrera Gaete (2010–2014)
* Juan Somavía Altamirano (2014–2017)
* Miguel Ángel González (2018–actualidad)
# Eugrapheus

Eugrapheus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Eugrapheus curtescapus Breuning, 1970
* Eugrapheus lineellus Fairmaire, 1896
* Eugrapheus longehamatus Fairmaire, 1897
* Eugrapheus perroti Breuning, 1957
* Eugrapheus spinipennis Breuning, 1970
* Eugrapheus vitticollis Breuning, 1957
# Eloise Copper Mine

The Eloise Copper Mine is a copper mine located in north west Queensland Australia, 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Cloncurry and 50 kilometres (31 mi) of McKinlay, in the vicinity of Mount Isa.
The deposit was discovered in 1987, the mine has operated since 1996, and was on care and maintenance after 2008. Mining recommenced in early 2011.
In November 2021, AIC Mines acquired the Eloise copper mine from FMR Investments for $27 million.

## Transportation

The mine is nearby the Elrose Airport (IATA: ERQ, ICAO: YESE), named after the Elrose Homestead, and by both the Landsborough Highway and the Flinders Highway.
# Bernat

Bernat may refer to:

## People
### Given name

* Bernat Calbó (c. 1180–1243), Catalan jurist, bureaucrat, monk, bishop, and soldier
* Bernat Fenollar (1438–1516), Valencia poet, cleric and chess player
* Bernat Francés y Caballero, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop
* Bernat Guillem d'Entença (died 1237), Spanish noble
* Bernat Joan i Marí (born 1960), Spanish politician
* Bernat Klein (1922–2014), Serbian textile designer and painter
* Bernat Manciet (1923–2005), French writer
* Bernat Martínez (1980–2015), Spanish motorcycle racer
* Bernat Martorell (died 1452), Catalan painter
* Bernat Metge (c. 1340–1413), Catalan writer
* Bernat de Palaol (fl. 1386), Catalan troubador and merchant
* Bernat Pomar (1932–2011), Mallorcan composer and violinist
* Bernat Quintana (born 1986), Spanish actor
* Bernat Rosner (born 1932), Hungarian-born American lawyer and concentration camp survivor
* Bernat Sanjuan (1915–1979), Spanish painter
* Bernat Solé (born 1975), Catalan politician
* Bernat Soria (born 1951), Spanish scientist

### Surname

* Enric Bernat (businessman) (1923–2003), Spanish businessman
* Enric Bernat Lunar (born 1997), Spanish footballer
* Hans Christian Bernat (born 2000), Danish footballer
* Hugo Eyre Bernat (born 1994), Spanish footballer
* Ján Bernát (born 2001), Slovak footballer
* Jeff Bernat (born 1989), Filipino-American singer
* Juan Bernat (born 1993), Spanish footballer
* Martín Bernat (fl. 1450–1505), Aragonese painter
* Miguel Bernat (born 1957), Argentine chess master
* Robert Bernat (1931–1994), American composer
* Víctor Bernat (born 1987), Andorran footballer

## Places

* Bernat, Iran, in Mazandaran Province
# Doomsday L.A.

Doomsday L.A. may refer to:
* Doomsday L.A. (video), a live DVD by Deicide recorded 2006 and released 2007
* Doomsday L.A. (EP), a live EP by Deicide recorded 2006 and released 2007
# Bocking

Bocking or Böcking may refer to:
* Bocking, Essex, a village near Braintree, Essex, England
* Bocking 14, a cultivated strain of the plant Comfrey
* Powerbocking, the use of powered stilts patented by Alexander Böck
* Adolf Böcking (1831–1898), German-born ornithologist
* Bill Bocking (1902–1985), English footballer
* Edward Bocking (died 1534), English monk during the reign of King Henry VIII
* Eduard Böcking (1802–1870), German legal scholar
* Henry Bocking (1835–1907), English cricketer
* Kai Böcking (born 1964), German television presenter
* Ralph Bocking (died 1270), English Dominican
* Richard Bocking (1931–2012), Canadian filmmaker
* Stuart Bocking (born 1969), Australian radio presenter
# Charles De Smedt

Charles De Smedt S.J. (6 April 1833 – 4 March 1911) was a Belgian Jesuit priest and hagiographer. He was a Bollandist, and is noted for having introduced critical historical methods into Catholic hagiography, so that it became a collection of accounts of the accretion of legends, as well as the compilation of original materials.

## Life

Charles De Smedt was born in Ghent, Belgium on 6 April 1833. He studied at the College of St. Barbara in Ghent, and then at the College of Our Lady of Peace in Namur, continuing his studies at Tronchiennes. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1851.
De Smedt was a professor of literature and mathematics at Tronchiennes; he was ordained in 1862. He became a professor of Church History and of dogmatic theology at Louvain. In 1870 he joined the staff of the Acta Sanctorum in Brussels. He revived the Bollandist Society and founded it scholarly journal, the Analecta Bollandiana in 1882 with G. van Hooff and Joseph de Backer. From 1899 to 1902 De Smedt served as the acting rector at St. Michael's College in Brussels.
He is best known for his contribution to hagiography but also to history and metaphysics. His contribution to the development of a critical approach to History is epitomized in his masterpiece: Principes de la critique historique, which greatly influenced Friedrich von Hügel.
He died in Brussels on 4 March 1911.

## Works

* Introductio generalis ad historiam ecclesiasticam critice tractandam (1876)
* L'Église et la science (1877), early reply to the conflict thesis
* Gesta episcoporum Cameracensium, Paris, 1880
* Principes de la critique historique, Bruxelles, 1883.

## Honors

* Foreign Correspondent of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Institut de France
* Foreign Correspondent of the Royal Academy of Madrid
* Honorary member of the Royal Academy of Ireland
* Officer of the Order of Leopold "pro ecclesia et pontifice"
# Cipangopaludina malleata

Cipangopaludina malleata is a species of large, freshwater snail with an operculum and a gill, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae, the river snails.
Originally from Japan, C. malleata has been introduced to various areas along the Pacific coast of North America.

## Description

The shell is described as thin and "egg-shaped" with very rounded whorls. The spire is short, and the apex may become worn out in older specimens. The name malleatus derives from Latin malleāre (to hammer) and refers to the "hammered-like sculpture" often found on the shell of this species.
# Elicia MacKenzie

Elicia MacKenzie (born 1985) is a Canadian musical theatre actress who won the 2008 CBC Television contest How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?.
As a result of winning the contest, she played Maria, the lead, in the Toronto revival of The Sound of Music from October 2008 through January 2010. She went on to star as Sherrie in Mirvish Productions' Rock of Ages at Toronto's Royal Alexandra Theatre from April 2010 through January 2011 and on the first U.S. tour. She appeared as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, Ross Petty Productions' 2011 pantomime at Toronto's Elgin Theatre from November 2011 through January 2012.
MacKenzie is currently represented by Toronto agency The Talent House and Carrier Talent Management in Vancouver.

## Biography

MacKenzie was born in Moncton, New Brunswick. A self-described tomboy growing up in Surrey, British Columbia, she participated in children's choirs and various singing competitions. Her first job was at age 15, at De Dutch Pannekoek House in Vancouver. At age 16 she auditioned for Canadian Idol but was passed over because she sounded "too musical theatre". She graduated in 2008 from the musical theatre program at Capilano College, and had major roles in productions such as High School Musical in North Vancouver in 2007, in which she portrayed Gabriella . She was about to take a part in a community theatre production of Cinderella, as a wicked stepsister, and was also considering a career in massage therapy, when her uncle noticed the audition call for the CBC show.
On How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria? after thousands of people auditioned in early 2008, she competed against 47 other finalists, who were eliminated by a combination of judges' decisions and viewer voting, although once the final two were selected, the winner was chosen only by fans. She beat out Janna Polzin of Woodstock, Ontario, who was widely expected to win. Composer and judge Andrew Lloyd Webber referred to MacKenzie as "the dark horse" of the competition.
The role of Maria was her first professional acting credit. Reviews of the Toronto show weren almost uniformly positive, and the show's success, despite the recession, was credited largely to MacKenzie. She played the role of Sherrie Christian in the Toronto production of the musical Rock of Ages and on the first U.S. tour.
# Dioctyl adipate

Dioctyl adipate (DOA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH$_2$CH$_2$CO$_2$C$_8$H$_{17}$)$_2$. It is a colorless oily liquid . As well as related diesters derived from 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, isodecanol, etc., it is used as a plasticizer.
DEHA is sometimes incorrectly called dioctyl adipate. The abbreviation DOA has also been used for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (CAS # 103-23-1).

## Toxicity

Esters of adipic acid exhibit low acute toxicities in animal models. The LD$_{50}$ of the related ethylhexanoate is estimated at 900 mg/kg (rat, i.v.).
# Fauna of Guyana

The fauna of Guyana comprises all the animal species inhabiting the country of Guyana, which is part of the neotropical realm. Guyana has many endemic species and one of the highest biodiversity rates in the world as a result of the majority of the country being part of the Amazon rainforest, and as a result a large amount of the species being types of frogs or spiders. Guyana's has three distinct main biomes are tropical rainforests, wetlands, and savannas, and each biome has unique fauna associated.
There are 47,677 unique species classified as part of Guyana, of which 17,291 (36.27%) are classified as an endangered species. As part of conservation efforts, parts of Guyana have been designated as national parks.

## Rainforest fauna

Being part of the Amazon rainforest, a lot of Guyana's rainforest fauna is not exclusively native. Its high biodiversity also means that a significant variety of creatures exist within the country.

### Mammals

Guyana's rainforests have a wide variety of mammals, the most notable being the Jaguar as it is featured on the coat of arms. Most mammals in Guyana are shared with other countries via the Amazon rainforest. Examples of shared mammals include the three-toed sloth and the capuchin monkey, the latter of which has protection in the form of the Iwokrama Forest Reserve.

### Reptiles and amphibians

Amphibians and reptiles make up another significant portion of the habitat. Snakes are a common reptile in the tall grass of the rainforest. As such, notable examples include the heaviest snake in the world, the green anaconda, the rainbow boa, and the bushmaster.

### Birds

Guyana is additionally home to many species of birds. The national bird is the Hoatzin, found in the rainforest along the Berbice River. Other common native birds include the horned screamer and the great tinamou.

## Conservation

The largest threats to conservation of species in Guyana is pollution and habitat destruction arising from increased industrialisation, and poaching. An additional threat is invasive species which disrupt the local ecosystem. To help with conservation, the Protected Areas Commission was formed, which designates certain parts of the country as national parks and protected areas, preventing development.

## Articles by Region

* Fauna of Barima-Waini
* Fauna of Pomeroon-Supenaam
* Fauna of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara
* Fauna of Demerara-Mahaica
* Fauna of Mahaica-Berbice
* Fauna of East Berbice-Corentyne
* Fauna of Cuyuni-Mazaruni
* Fauna of Potaro-Siparuni
* Fauna of Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
* Fauna of Upper Demerara-Berbice
# Bernard Gordon Lennox

Major-General Bernard Charles Gordon Lennox, CB, MBE (19 September 1932 – 27 December 2017) was a senior British Army officer. He served as Commandant of the British Sector in Berlin from October 1983 to December 1985.

## Military career

Gordon Lennox was born at 17 Cheyne Court, Chelsea, London, the eldest son of Lieutenant General Sir George Gordon Lennox and Nancy Brenda Darell. His grandfathers were Lord Bernard Gordon-Lennox (son of the 7th Duke of Richmond) and Sir Lionel Darell, 6th Baronet.
He served as Page of Honour to King George VI. He was educated at Eton College. He graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, where he won the Sword of Honour, and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1953.
He was appointed Commanding Officer of 1st Bn Grenadier Guards in 1974. He went on to be on the Army Directing Staff at the RAF Staff College in 1976, Commander of 20th Armoured Brigade in 1978 and Chief of Staff for South East District in 1981. He was promoted to major general in 1983 and appointed GOC (general officer commanding) of the British Sector in Berlin. Finally he became the Senior Army Member at the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1986. He retired from the Army in 1988.

## Personal life

In 1958, he married Sally-Rose Warner. They had three sons:
* Edward Charles (born 30 January 1961), Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II
* Angus Charles (born 4 February 1964)
* Charles Bernard (born 18 June 1970)
He lived at Eversley in Hampshire. He died in 2017 from the effects of dementia, at the age of 85.
# Dorcadion arenarium

Dorcadion arenarium is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Scopoli in 1763. It is known from Italy, Albania, Austria, France, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Montenegro.

## Subspecies

* Dorcadion arenarium abruptum Germar, 1839
* Dorcadion arenarium arenarium (Scopoli, 1763)
* Dorcadion arenarium rubripes Müller, 1905
* Dorcadion arenarium skypetarum Heyrovský, 1937
* Dorcadion arenarium subcarinatum Müller, 1905
# F. B. Vickers

Frederick Bert Vickers (1903—18 July 1985) was an Australian novelist.

## 1903 - 1985

F. B Vickers was born in England on 25 March 1903 at Rood End, Oldbury, Worcestershire. He was the eldest son of Thomas Vickers (engine-fitter) and Elizabeth Alice Amelia, née Jukes. On 9 February 1938 he married Louie Rachael, née Horner at St. Albans Church of England, Highgate Hill, Perth. In also married Elsie Mavys (Sue) Johnson, on 7 January 1970.

## Migration to Australia

F. B. Vickers migrated to Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, as he was unable to find employment after the factory closed where he was an apprentice fitter and turner in 1925. He worked on the land, on sheep stations, as a poultry farmer and in road gangs, before serving with the Australian Imperial Force in the Middle East during World War II . After suffering a leg injury he returned to recuperate in Australia and began to write while recovering in hospital. He wrote short stories and radio plays and two plays for the stage. In addition to writing six novels he also gave many talks on A.B.C. radio. In 1948 he received an honourable mention in the Sydney Morning Herald novel competition, and shared the third prize the next year with another novel. He served as President of the Fellowship of Australian Writers. He wrote at least 26 published works and died in 1985.
# Charles Deane

Charles Deane may refer to:
* Charles Deane (cricketer) (1885–1914), English cricketer
* Charles Anthony Deane (1796–1848), UK diving engineer
* Charles B. Deane (1898–1969), US representative from North Carolina
* Charles B. Deane Jr. (1937–2022), American lawyer and politician
* C. W. Deane (1837–1914), American politician, Michigan State Representative
# Chuni, Sichuan

Chuni (杵坭乡) was a historical township in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China.
In 2019, Chuni had a total population of 3,117.
On 23 December 2019, Chuni Township was merged into Lengqi.
# Charaxes setan

Charaxes setan, the black rajah, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by H. Detani in 1983. It is endemic to Banggai in the Australasian realm.
# Dillon Amphitheater

The Dillon Amphitheater is an open-air amphitheater built on the north shore of the Dillon Reservoir in Dillon, Colorado, about 65 miles (105 km) west of Denver, Colorado.

## History

In the first 25 years following its construction in 1993, it was used mainly as a community bandshell with free shows held on weekends throughout the summer, hosting local artists and acts ranging from country to jazz.
In 2017, in effort by the town to revitalize the community and attract larger acts and audiences, significant renovation efforts to the facility began. While initial concept plans of the new facility drew criticism from the community over its design and potential impacts to views of the surrounding nature, revisions were made to the design to better align the facility with the rest of the "town's character". At a final cost of $9.7 million, the renovation included a complete rebuild of the bandshell and stage, new green rooms and storage areas, a concession space, as well as additional restrooms and a walking plaza. The seating bowl is the only structure remaining from the original facility.
The revamped facility opened in 2018 with a performance by The String Cheese Incident. Other notable acts that have since played the venue include Bob Dylan, Caamp, The B-52s, Brothers Osborne, Shakey Graves, Pretty Lights, among many others. Free concerts are still held, along with other events, including "Movies on the Water", "Yoga at the Amphitheater", and country-western dancing.
# Feliciano

Feliciano may refer to:

## People

* Feliciano (name), including a list of people with the name

## Places

* San José de Feliciano, Argentine city
* Feliciano River, river in Argentina
* Estadio Feliciano Gambarte, stadium in Argentina
* Dom Feliciano, municipality in Brazil
# Chrysobothris viridicyanea

Chrysobothris viridicyanea is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in North America.
# Charles Blanchard

Charles Blanchard may refer to:
* Charles Blanchard, UFC fighter in The Ultimate Fighter: Team Liddell vs. Team Ortiz
* Charles A. Blanchard (academic administrator) (1848–1925), second President of Wheaton College
* Émile Blanchard (Charles Émile Blanchard, 1819–1900), French biologist
* Charles V. Blanchard (1866–1939), American politician
* Charles A. Blanchard (lawyer) (born 1959), U.S. Air Force general counsel
* Charles D. Blanchard, politician, see Members of the South Dakota State Senate
# Emarginea

Emarginea is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1852.<

## Species

* Emarginea anna Schaus, 1911
* Emarginea combusta (Walker, [1858])
* Emarginea dulcinea Dyar, 1921 (misspelling Emarginea dulcinia)
* Emarginea empyra Dyar, 1909
* Emarginea gammophora Guenée, 1852
* Emarginea minastes Dyar, 1920
* Emarginea niphoplaga Druce, 1909
* Emarginea nocea Dyar, 1912
* Emarginea oleagina (Dognin, 1889)
* Emarginea pallida (Smith, 1902)
* Emarginea partitella (Maassen, 1890)
* Emarginea percara (Morrison, 1875)
# Dorcadion arenarioides

Dorcadion arenarioides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Rabaron in 1979. It is known from Greece.
# Bogonam-Foulbé

Bogonam-Foulbé is a village in the Kongoussi Department of Bam Province in northern Burkina Faso. It has a population of 205.