OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aframomum angustifolium

Aframomum angustifolium, known as "wild cardamom" in English, is a species in the ginger family Zingiberaceae that grows in tropical Africa and in Madagascar.

## Description

Aframomum angustifolium is herbaceous and like other plants of this family, its erect "stems" consist of layered tubular leaf bases. The fruit is a berry containing many seeds surrounded by sugary-sweet and sour edible pulp.

## Etymology

The species name, angustifolium, means "narrow-leaved" in Latin.
In Madagascar, it is known as longoza, due to its use as a source of energy during long hunting treks (lona "long hours", and hoza "to experience diificulties").

## Uses

The plant's crushed seeds are used as a peppery spice. The leaves are also used as disposable receptacles for eating rice.
# Carol F. Justus

Carol F. Justus (March 21, 1940 – August 1, 2007) was an American linguist who specialized in Indo-European linguistics.

## Biography

Carol F. Justus was born on March 21, 1940, in Lodi, Ohio. She gained an A.B. in French in 1960 at King College, and an M.A. in Linguistics & Comparative Philology at the University of Minnesota in 1966. From 1967 to 1969 she studied at the Institute for Assyriology and Hittitology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Justus received a Ph.D. in Indo-European linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin in 1973 under the supervision of Edgar C. Polomé. She was assistant professor (1973-1976) and associate professor (1976-1977) of linguistics at State University of New York (1973-1976). From 1982 to 1985 she was a research associate at the Linguistics Research Center at UT Austin, and then associate professor of linguistics at San Jose State University 1989 to 1994.
Since 1995, Justus served as Adjunct associate professor of classics and Middle Eastern studies at the Classics Department at the University of Texas at Austin. At Austin, Justus taught Indo-European studies, among other subjects. She was the author of more than 30 scholarly works. Justus served on the editorial board of the Journal of Indo-European Studies and as general editor of General Linguistics.
Justus died in Austin, Texas on August 1, 2007.

## Selected works

* Justus, Carol F.; Polomé, Edgar C., eds. (1999). Language change and typological variation : in honor of Winfred P. Lehmann on the occasion of his 83rd birthday. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man. ISBN 9780941694698.
# Disgraced (disambiguation)

Disgraced may refer to:
* Disgraced!, a 1933 American pre-Code mystery film
* Disgraced, a 2012 play by novelist and screenwriter Ayad Akhtar
* Disgraced (2017 film), an Emmy Award-winning Showtime documentary on the 2003 murder of Baylor University basketball player Patrick Dennehy
# Colin Crawford

Colin Crawford may refer to:
* Colin Crawford (academic) (born 1958), American academic and law-school administrator
* Colin Crawford (mountaineer) (1890–1959), British mountaineer
* Colin Crawford (Northern Ireland politician) (fl. 21st century), Northern Irish politician
# Cassa di Risparmio di Biella e Vercelli

Cassa di Risparmio di Biella e Vercelli S.p.A. known as BiverBanca, is an Italian saving bank based in Biella, Piedmont. It was acquired by fellow Piedmontese bank Cassa di Risparmio di Asti from Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena in 2012. BiverBanca had almost all the branches in Piedmont and Aosta Valley, especially in the area around Biella and Vercelli : 46 branches in the Province of Biella (11 alone in Biella) and 46 branches in the Province of Vercelli (8 alone in Vercelli), 10 in Turin and 6 in the Province Novara; 3 in the Province of Alessandria; 5 branches in Aosta Valley; 1 branch in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, and lastly 1 branch in Milan, the financial hub of Italy.
The bank did not serve the Province of Asti, which was served by the parent company instead, as well as the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont.

## Timeline

* 1994 Cassa di Risparmio di Biella merged with Cassa di Risparmio di Vercelli to form Cassa di Risparmio di Biella e Vercelli (BiverBanca) C.R. Vercelli Foundation held 26.2% stake and C.R. Biella Foundation held 73.8% stake
* 1997 Banca Commerciale Italiana acquired 55% shares from the banking foundations
* 1999 Became part of Banca Intesa Group
* 2007 Acquired by Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena (BMPS) from Intesa Sanpaolo (55%) for about €399 million; C.R. Biella Foundation retained 33.22% and C.R. Vercelli Foundation 11.78%
* 2008 Re-capitalization, BMPS held 59%, C.R. Biella Foundation held 35% and C.R. Vercelli Foundation held 6%
* 2010 Acquired branches from sister bank Banca Antonveneta; new ownership ratio changed to BMPS (60.42%), C.R. Biella Foundation 33.44% and C.R. Vercelli Foundation 6.14%.
* 2012 Acquired by Cassa di Risparmio di Asti from BMPS for about €205.5 million (for 60.42% stake)
# Baruch Weisbecker

Baruch Weisbecker (21 November 1940 – 2 February 2024) was an Israeli rabbi, the rosh yeshiva of Beit Mattityahu in Bnei Brak, and a member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah.

## Early life and education

Baruch Weisbecker was born on Nahalat Yitzhak street in Tel Aviv to Mr. Moshe and Tsvia Weisbecker. He began his education at the Bnei Akiva Yeshivat Kfar Haroeh, later moving to the prestigious Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak under the guidance of Rabbi Moshe Tsvi Nerya. At Ponevezh, he studied under notable figures such as Rabbi Elazar Menachem Man Shach and Rabbi Shmuel Rozovsky. Rabbi Weisbecker is considered one of Rav Shmuel's prime successors and one of the foremost teachers of his derech halimud. Participating in Rabbi Shmuel Markovich’s mentoring program "Ha-ilan" at Ponevezh (where an older student has a chavruta with a younger student), he was paired with Rabbi Eliyahu Baruch Finkel, one of Mir’s Rosh Yeshiva, as an Avrech.

## Career

His early years saw him serving as Rosh Mesivta at Kol Torah Yeshiva in Jerusalem, Bayit VeGan street and then at Beit Hatalmud yeshiva. In 1981, he founded Beit Matityau Yeshiva. Rabbi Weisbecker also established two additional Yeshivas: Maor Itzhak in Hemed, headed by his son-in-law Rabbi Menahem Yaakovson, and Tiferet Haim Yeshiva for Edot HaMizrach, which was part of the Rambam Yeshiva institutions in Tel Aviv until its closure in 2014.
In 2020, after more than 200 students at Best Mattiyahu tested positive for COVID-19, reports emerged alleging that Weisbecker had discouraged or prevented students from being tested for the virus.
In Kislev 2021, Rabbi Weisbecker was appointed a member of Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah.
His teaching methodology emphasizes "Iyun" (in-depth study) over "Bekiut" (broad, surface-level learning), His study method is based on foundational concepts derived from the Orders of Nashim and Nezikin.

## Personal life

Rabbi Weisbecker married Sara Lea Drabkin in the early 1960s. She is the daughter of Rabbi Eliyahu Yeruham Drabkin, the Rabbi of Hod Hasharon, and sister to Rabbi Tsvi Drabkin, Rosh Yeshiva of Grodna in Be'er Ya'akov.
In 2022, Weisbecker was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 2 February 2024, at the age of 83.
# Alice Hutchins (gardener)

Alice Hutchins (c. 1870 – 24 January 1944) was one of the two first women gardeners hired at Kew Gardens in 1896.

## Education

Hutchins trained at the Horticultural College for Women at Swanley in Kent after it began accepting women in 1891. Her studies were funded by a Kent County Council Scholarship. She received a College Diploma after the two-year program.

## Kew Gardens

In 1896, she and Annie Gulvin were the first women hired by Director William Thiselton-Dyer at Kew Gardens as "improvers". They received the same salary as male staff. They initially wore the same uniforms as the male garden staff to ensure order and consistency. These bloomers drew media attention and criticism, so they were swapped for skirts.
Hutchins worked long hours and performed physical tasks in addition to studying chemistry, botany and horticulture in the evenings. By 1897, she had been promoted to gardener and was responsible for certain houses and frames in the garden. She received top marks in systematic and economic botany courses. She delivered a lecture on horticulture for women which included information about courses at Swanley and emphasising the importance of scientific knowledge. However, the discussion was centred around the perceived lesser physical capabilities of women and the resulting lesser salaries.
In 1898, Hutchins was promoted to sub-foreman in the Alpine Pits section of the garden. By 1902, she and the other women gardeners had left Kew, likely for roles as head gardeners in other institutions. There were no women in the role again until the First World War. Hutchins herself worked as gardener for a Mrs. Cranfield near Ipswich, and later as Head Gardener at Burstall in Suffolk.

## Marriage and travel

In 1902, Hutchins married William Henry Patterson, who she met at Swanley and worked with at Kew. He was appointed to a government Agricultural School position at St. Vincent a year later, and she went with him. They moved to the African Gold Coast in 1912 where Patterson became an entomologist. Hutchins went on regular field expeditions with her husband. The couple remained in Uganda after his retirement in 1930, working at a C.M.S. Mission School. Patterson received an M.B.E. in 1925. They remained involved in the Kew Guild even when they lived in Africa, Patterson serving as a Committee member and Hutchins attending yearly dinner events in London when she was nearby.
Hutchins died suddenly in 1944 while visiting her daughter in England. Her husband was still in Uganda and she would have returned to meet him there after the Second World War.
She is sometimes mistakenly named as "Alice Hutchings", but documents from the Kew Guild contemporary to her time there list her as Alice Hutchins. Later commentary by those who possibly knew her by her married name may be the cause of confusion.
# Chan Yuet-ming

Chan Yuet-ming, MH (Chinese: 陳月明; born 1972) is a Hong Kong politician. She is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for Election Committee constituency and an ex-officio member of the North District Council as chairwoman of the Ta Kwu Ling Rural Committee.

## Biography

Chan was born into the indigenous family in Ta Kwu Ling, New Territories. Her father Chan Kam-wah was a village leader and her brother Frankie Chan Shung-fai was the chairman of the Ta Kwu Ling Rural Committee until she replaced him in the 2019 Hong Kong Rural Representative election, after her father gave way to her to become the first Rural Committee chairwoman in Hong Kong's history.
Chan was graduated from the Manchester Metropolitan University with a bachelor's degree in Hospitality Business Management and obtained a Master of Business Management from European University.
Chan became the chairwoman of the Ta Kwu Ling Rural Committee and therefore an ex-officio member of the North District Council. She was also appointed member of the Advisory Committee on the Northern Metropolis in 2023.
She was elected through the Election Committee constituency in the 2021 Legislative Council election.
# Agassiz Glacier (New Zealand)

The Agassiz Glacier is located near the west coast of New Zealand's South Island. The Agassiz Glacier is a tributary of the larger Franz Josef Glacier, and is itself fed by the Chamberlin Snowfield and the Davis Snowfield. It is named after Louis Agassiz, a Swiss-American glaciologist, and was discovered and named by the German geologist, Sir Johann "Julius" von Haast.
In 2015, the glacier was informally 'unnamed' as part of a worldwide campaign to disassociate Agassiz's name from various geographic features and, in this instance, to replace it with a relevant Māori name.
# Carol Fellowes, 4th Baron Ailwyn

Carol Arthur Fellowes, 4th Baron Ailwyn TD (23 November 1896 – 27 September 1988) was a British peer, the son of Ailwyn Edward Fellowes, 1st Baron Ailwyn. He was known as the Honourable Carol Fellowes from 1921, when his father was raised to the peerage, until he succeeded to the barony on 23 March 1976.

## Early life

Carol Fellowes was educated at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth. However, he entered the British Army during World War I.
In the 1930s he worked as agent to the Earl of Strafford on the Wrotham Park Estate, living at the Home Farm.

## Military career

During World War I Carol Fellowes served as a lieutenant in the Royal Norfolk Regiment in Mesopotamia (1917–19). In 1937 he was commissioned as a major in the Territorial Army to command the newly raised 334th Anti-Aircraft Company, Royal Engineers, at Barnet. The company formed part of 33rd (St Pancras) Anti-Aircraft Battalion based at Regent's Park. He commanded of the battery during the Phoney War period, and was then posted to the staff of Anti-Aircraft Command for the rest of the war. He was awarded the Territorial Decoration.

## Public service

He served as a Justice of the Peace for Hertfordshire and Middlesex.

## Family

Carol Fellowes married, on 16 November 1936, Mrs Caroline Alice Cudemore (d.1985), daughter of Maynard Cowan of Victoria, British Columbia.
Lord Ailwyn died, without issue, on 27 September 1988, at which point the barony became extinct.
# Bobby Reed (American football)

Robert Reed (born November 14, 1939) is a former American football halfback who played college football for Pacific and professional football for, among others, the Minnesota Vikings (1962–1963) of the National Football League (NFL) and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (1964) of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

## Early years

A native of New Orleans, he attended Vallejo High School in Vallejo, California. He played college football at Solano Community College and the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California.

## Professional football

He played professional football for the Minnesota Vikings during the 1962 and 1963 seasons, appearing in 16 NFL games.
In 1964, he joined the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL. Winnipeg head coach Bud Grant said at the time, "He has done the 100 in 9.4. He can fly." He appeared in 10 games for Winnipeg during the 1964 season, totaling 307 rushing yards, 249 receiving yards, and 487 kickoff return yards for Winnipeg.
Reed also played several years in the Continental Football League (1965–1967) and the Atlantic Coast Football League (1969–1970).
# Colin Crawford (academic)

Colin Crawford (born November 17, 1958) is an American academic and dean of the William H. Bowen School of Law at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.

## Education

Crawford earned his Bachelor of Arts from Columbia University in 1980, a Master of Arts degree from the University of Cambridge, and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School.

## Career

On February 18, 2021, Golden Gate University announced it had hired Crawford as the new dean of its law school.
Crawford became dean of the University of Louisville School of Law on January 1, 2018. He was named Dean after a search that lasted nearly five years.
Prior to his position in Louisville, he was the Robert C. Cudd Professor of Environmental Law at Tulane University Law School in New Orleans, Louisiana from 2010 to 2017. He has also taught at Georgia State University College of Law from 2003 to 2010, Thomas Jefferson School of Law from 1997 to 2003, and Brooklyn Law School from 1992 to 1997.
# Cassa di Risparmio di Biella

Cassa di Risparmio di Biella (Caribiella) was an Italian regional bank and charity organization, based in Biella, Piedmont. The bank section was merged with Cassa di Risparmio di Vercelli in 1994, while the charity organization, Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Biella, still contributes the revenue to Biella and surrounding areas.

## Bank

* 1856 Cassa di Risparmio di Biella e Circondario was formed by Giovanni Pietro Losana
* 1970s issues Miniassegno
* 1992 Due to Legge Amato, Cassa di Risparmio di Biella S.p.A. and Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Biella was formed to separate the function of bank and non-profit organization
* 1994 Cassa di Risparmio di Biella merged with Cassa di Risparmio di Vercelli to form Cassa di Risparmio di Biella e Vercelli

## Bank Foundation

The foundation sponsored the local literature award Premio Biella Letteratura e Industria. It owned a minority ownership in Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (0.10%), as well as Biella-Cerrione Airport (Società Aeroporto Cerrione, 27.75%). As of 31 December 2014, the foundation had a shareholders equity of €221,611,969.
# Bathysauroides

Bathysauroides gigas, the pale deepsea lizardfish, is the only species in the family Bathysauroididae. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean where it is so far only known from the waters around Japan and Australia. This species grows to 29 cm (11 in) in standard length.
# All About Urbie Green and His Big Band

All About Urbie Green and His Big Band (also referred to as All About Urbie), is an album by trombonist Urbie Green which was recorded in 1956 and released on the ABC-Paramount label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Disc | |
Jason Ankeny of AllMusic states, "John Carisi's thoughtful arrangements nevertheless place Green squarely at center stage, and if anything, the large settings and friendly competition seem to galvanize his solos. No matter how many players join in on a particular track, there's no question about who's in charge".

## Track listing

* "Cherokee" (Ray Noble) – 2:33
* "I Ain't Got Nobody" (Spencer Williams, Robert A. Graham) – 3:28
* "Stella by Starlight" (Victor Young, Ned Washington) – 3:00
* "Little John" (John Carisi) – 3:09
* "With The Wind And The Rain In Your Hair" (Jack Lawrence, Clara Edwards) – 3:07
* "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk, Cootie Williams, Bernie Hanighen) – 3:15
* "Sleep" (Adam Geibel, Earl Burtnett) – 2:48
* "Soft Winds" (Benny Goodman, Fred Royal) – 6:25
* "Springsville" (Carisi) – 3:11
* "Plain Bill from Bluesville" (Carisi) – 4:06
* "Home" (Peter van Steeden, Geoffrey Clarkson, Harry Clarkson) – 3:18

## Personnel

* Urbie Green – trombone
* John Carisi – trumpet, arranger
* Joe Wilder, Nick Travis, Phil Sunkel, Doc Severinsen – trumpet
* Chauncey Welsh, Jack Satterfield, Jack Green, Lou McGarity, Rex Peer – trombone
* Bill Barber, Don Butterfield – tuba
* Al Cohn, Ray Beckenstein – tenor saxophone
* Sol Schlinger, Danny Bank – baritone saxophone
* Dave McKenna – piano
* Jack Lesberg, Vinnie Burke – bass
* Osie Johnson – drums
# Cethosia cyane

Cethosia cyane, the leopard lacewing, is a species of heliconiine butterfly found from India to southern China (southern Yunnan), and Indochina. Its range has expanded in the last few decades, and its arrival in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, including Singapore, is relatively recent.

## Description
### Male

Upperside tawny, in fresh specimens a rich reddish tawny. Forewing: anterior and apical two-thirds black, the margin of this colour waved and irregular, following a line dividing the cell longitudinally and circling round to near the posterior angle; a short, broad, oblique, white bar beyond apex of cell, the veins crossing it and a spot in interspaces 3 and 4 black; a transverse indistinct row of small spots and a terminal series of V-shaped lunules white. Hindwing: three or four spots just beyond apex of cell, a subterminal row of spots and the termen broadly black, the last with a series of white lunules as on the forewing. Underside variegated with red, white, pale blue, ochraceous and black; the terminal margins of both wings broadly black with white lunules as on the upperside; in the middle of each lunule a short white streak from the margin; cilia alternately black and white. Forewing: the cell with transverse bands of red, blue and black; the base and disc below the cell red spotted with black, followed by pale blue, ochraceous and black; the white oblique band as on upperside, beyond it a transverse incomplete row of lanceolate white marks, with three black spots in each, followed by a subterminal ochraceous band paling inwardly. Hindwing: the base and cell pale blue and red, crossed by several broken incomplete black lines, then alternate bands of white and ochraceous, two of each; the outer white band narrow and marked in each interspace with three black spots arranged as a triangle. Antennae, head and thorax dusky brown; abdomen above tawny, beneath white.

### Female

Similar to the male in markings, but the tawny ground colour replaced by pale greenish white, somewhat brownish on the upperside of forewing, the extent of black on this wing larger. Underside with all the markings paler than in the male the red at the base of the wings replaced by brownish yellow on the fore, white on the hindwing. Antennae, head and thorax dusky brown; abdomen dusky above, white beneath.
* Male dorsal
* Male ventral Angkor Wat, Cambodia
* Female
* Caterpillar

## Larva

"Cylindrical, purplish-black segments with alternate yellow and crimson bands. Head armed with two long spines, segments with dorsal and lateral rows of fine spines. Feeds on Passiflora, July. (Described from drawing by Major C. H. E. Adamson.)." (Frederic Moore)
# Cryptographic log on

Cryptographic log-on (CLO) is a process that uses Common Access Cards (CAC) and embedded Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) certificates to authenticate a user's identification to a workstation and network. It replaces the username and passwords for identifying and authenticating users. To log-on cryptographically to a CLO-enabled workstation, users simply insert their CAC into their workstation’s CAC reader and provide their Personal Identification Number (PIN).
The Navy/Marine Corps Intranet, among many other secure networks, uses CLO.
# Afterdepolarization

Afterdepolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, phase 3, or phase 4 of the cardiac action potential in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Afterdepolarizations may lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Afterdepolarization is commonly a consequence of myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or heart failure. It may also result from congenital mutations associated with calcium channels and sequestration.

## Early afterdepolarizations

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) occur with abnormal depolarization during phase 2 or phase 3, and are caused by an increase in the frequency of abortive action potentials before normal repolarization is completed. EADs most commonly originate in mid-myocardial cells and Purkinje fibers, but can develop in other cardiac cells that carry an action potential. Phase 2 may be interrupted due to augmented opening of calcium channels, while phase 3 interruptions are due to the opening of sodium channels. Early afterdepolarizations can result in torsades de pointes, tachycardia, and other arrhythmias. EADs can be triggered by hypokalemia and drugs that prolong the QT interval, including class Ia and III antiarrhythmic agents, as well as catecholamines.
Afterhyperpolarizations can also occur in cortical pyramidal neurons. There, they typically follow an action potential and are mediated by voltage gated sodium or chloride channels. This phenomenon requires potassium channels to close quickly to limit repolarization. It is responsible for the difference between regular spiking and intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons.

## Delayed afterdepolarizations

Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) begin during phase 4, after repolarization is completed but before another action potential would normally occur via the normal conduction systems of the heart. They are due to elevated cytosolic calcium concentrations, classically seen with digoxin toxicity. The overload of the sarcoplasmic reticulum may cause spontaneous Ca$^{2+}$ release after repolarization, causing the released Ca$^{2+}$ to exit the cell through the 3Na$^+$/Ca$^{2+}$-exchanger. This results in a net depolarizing current. The classical feature is Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. Also seen in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Delayed afterdepolarization is also seen in myocardial infarction. Purkinje fibers which survive myocardial infarction remain partially depolarized due to its high concentration of cations. Partially depolarized tissue fires rapidly resulting in delayed after depolarization.