# Carole Roussopoulos

Carole Roussopoulos (25 May 1945 – 22 October 2009) was a Swiss film director and feminist who was primarily known for her pioneering early documentary films of the Women's liberation movement in France. She made approximately 150 documentaries during the course of her career.

## Early life

Carole de Kalbermatten was born 25 May 1945 in Lausanne, Switzerland. She grew up in Sion, Switzerland in the canton of Valais.

## Career

In 1969 Roussopoulos and her husband, Paul, created a film collective called Video Out. In 1970, at the urging of her friend the author Jean Genet, she purchased a light-weight Sony Portapak camera and began to make documentaries. It is believed that she is the first woman in France to buy a video camera. That same year she made the documentary film Genet parle d'Angela Davis (known in English as Angela Davis Is at Your Mercy) about the American political activist Angela Davis. During her early career, Roussopoulos also witnessed and filmed key events in the human rights crusades in Paris. For instance, her 1971 film FHAR (Front Homosexuel d'Action Révolutionnaire) documents the very first gay rights parade in Paris.
In 1976 Roussopoulos began collaborating with the French actress Delphine Seyrig. Together they directed the 1976 documentary on women's rights entitled SCUM Manifesto, based on the SCUM Manifesto written by the radical feminist Valerie Solanas. In 1982, Roussopoulos, Seyrig and Ioana Wieder founded the Simone de Beauvoir Audiovisual Center—named after the prominent French feminist author and philosopher—to document the women's rights movement.
In 1995 she moved back to Switzerland to document Swiss subjects that she felt were not receiving enough attention. During this time she made a series of films about healthcare, disease, aging, and death.

## Les Insoumuses

Roussopoulos, Seyrig, and translator Ivana Wieder formed the feminist collective video Les Insoumuses in 1975 after meeting at a video-editing workshop that Roussopoulos organized in her apartment. The name, Les Insoumuses, is a neologism combining "insoumise" (disobedient) and "muses." The collective produced several videos together, focusing on representations of women in the media, labour, and reproductive rights.

### Select filmography

* LIP (series of six videos, 1973–1976)
* Y'a qua pas baiser (1973)
* Les Prostituées de Lyon parlent (1975)
* Maso et Miso vont en bateau (1975)
* SCUM Manifesto (1976)
* Debout! Une histoire du mouvement de libération des femmes (1999)
* Cinquantenaire du deuxième sexe: 1949-1999 (2001)

## Death

Roussopoulos died on 22 October 2009 in Molignon, Switzerland.

## Recognition

In 2001 Roussopoulos was named a Knight (or Chevalier) of the Legion of Honor in France for her thirty-two years of service to film.

## Legacy

In 2011 the Swiss filmmaker Emmanuelle de Riedmatten made a documentary about Roussopoulos's life called Carole Roussoupolos, une femme à la caméra.

## Reference list

* ↑ "Caméra au poing !". Association Carole Roussopoulos. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fernandez Ferrer, Nicole. "Carole Roussopolous: Biography" Archived July 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, New Media Art, Retrieved 11 July 2014.
* ↑ Palmer, Tim and Mitchell, Charlie. "Carole Roussoplous", Directory of World Cinema: France, ISBN 978-1-84150-563-3, pg.107.
* ↑ Robinson, Hilary (2015). Feminism Art Theory: An Anthology 1968 - 2014. John Wiley & Sons. p. 280. ISBN 9780631208495.
* ↑ "Who are We?". Centre Simone de Beauvoir. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
* ↑ JeanJean, Stephanie (Summer 2011). "Disobedient Video in France in the 1970s: Video Production by Women's Collectives". Afterall. 27: 4–13.
* ↑ JeanJean, Stephanie (Summer 2011). "Disobedient Video in France in the 1970s: Video Production by Women's Video Collectives". Afterall. 24: 4–13.
* ↑ "Scum Manifesto", Internet Movie Database (Imdb), Retrieved 11 July 2014.
* ↑ "Debout! Une histoire du mouvement de libération des femmes", Internet Movie Database (Imdb), Retrieved 11 July 2014.
* ↑ "Cinquantenaire du deuxième sexe: 1949-1999", Internet Movie Database (Imdb), Retrieved 11 July 2014.
* ↑ Sentin, Marine (24 October 2009). "La mort de Carole Roussopoulos, réalisatrice féministe". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-10.
* ↑ "Décret du 11 avril 2001 portant promotion et nomination", Legifrance, Retrieved 11 July 2014.
* ↑ "Carole Rossopoulos, une femme à la caméra". Art Film. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2014.