OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bulbophyllum elisae

Bulbophyllum elisae, commonly known as the pineapple orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has crowded, wrinkled, pale green or yellowish clump-forming pseudobulbs, stiff, pale green to yellowish leaves and between three and twelve pale green to dark green flowers with a dark red to purple labellum. It usually grows in the tops of rainforest trees, on cliff faces or boulders.

## Description

Bulbophyllum elisae is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with crowded, wrinkled and grooved, pale green or yellowish pseudobulbs 10–30 mm (0.4–1 in) long and 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) wide. The leaves are narrow oblong to lance-shaped, thin, leathery, flat, 60–100 mm (2–4 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide. Between three and twelve pale green to dark green flowers 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) wide are arranged on one side of a thin flowering stem 150–250 mm (5.9–9.8 in) long. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and about 3 mm (0.12 in) wide, but the lateral sepals are much longer at 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide. The petals are about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. The labellum is purple, fleshy, about 4 mm (0.16 in) long and 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. Flowering occurs between May and November.

## Taxonomy and naming

The pineapple orchid was first formally described in 1868 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Cirrhopetalum elisae and published the description in the Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from a specimen collected near Tenterfield. In 1873, George Bentham changed the name to Bulbophyllum elisae. The specific epithet (elisae) honours Eliza Kern.

## Distribution and habitat

Bulbophyllum elisae grows on the highest branches of rainforest trees, sometimes on cliff faces and boulders. It occurs between the Bunya Mountains in Queensland and the Blue Mountains in New South Wales.
# Cavern Flooring

Cavern Flooring is a supplement for fantasy role-playing games published by Sacred Band Publications.

## Contents

Cavern Floorings is a package of twelve A4 sheets made of thin cardstock, which are designed to look like a plan view of a subterranean area.

## Reception

Doug Cowie reviewed Cavern Flooring for Imagine magazine, and stated that "The designers have shown a constructive approach when faced with my criticisms. They tell me that the thin card is deliberate because the flexibility of the system necessitates the overlapping of pieces, which would not be feasible with thick card."
# Briggsiopsis

Briggsiopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. It contains only one known species, Briggsiopsis delavayi.
It is a perennial native to southern Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan, and Guizhou in south-central China.
The species was first described as Didissandra delavayi by Adrien René Franchet in 1899. In 1985 Kai Yu Pan placed it in a new monotypic genus as Briggsiopsis delavayi. The genus is named in honour of Munro Briggs Scott (1889–1917), a Scottish botanist and British officer who was killed in the First World War
# Briggswath

Briggswath is a village in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. the settlement is on the north bank of the River Esk, upstream of Ruswarp, and opposite Sleights which is on the south bank.

## History

The name Briggswath is first recorded in 1230 as Briggwath, meaning bridge-ford as it is next to an old bridge which crossed the River Esk over to Sleights. The village is 1-mile (1.6 km) upriver from Ruswarp at the site of the Medieval bridge from which it takes its name, and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Whitby. The bridge was known as Sleights Bridge, and was replaced as the main road bridge by one further upstream in 1937. A great flood in July 1930 swept away the old road bridge.
Historically, the village was in the civil parish of Aislaby and part of the wapentake of Whitby Strand. It is now in the civil parish of Eskdaleside cum Ugglebarnby, and is represented at Parliament as part of the Scarborough and Whitby constituency. Just west of the village was the site of an ironstone mine (known as Sleights Bridge). It was worked between 1856 and 1859, producing on average 3,500 tonnes (3,900 tons) of iron ore each year.
The village has the A169 to the west, and the B1410 and the River Esk to the south. The River Esk sometimes floods the B1410 closing it to traffic, and the nearby Briggswath measuring station on the Esk recorded an all time high of 13 feet (4 m) on the river in June 1999.
The Wesleyan chapel in the village was first built in 1820 (though the present structure dates from 1905), and includes a roll of ten local men who died in the First World War.
The village has an hourly bus service on average, with most being a local bus around the Whitby and Ruswarp area, with some services consisting of the longer-distance 840 Coastliner service to Leeds.
# British Standard Fine

British Standard Fine (BSF) is a screw thread form, as a fine-pitch alternative to British Standard Whitworth (BSW) thread. It was used for steel bolts and nuts on and in much of Britain's machinery, including cars, prior to adoption of Unified, and later Metric, standards. For highly stressed conditions, especially in motorcycles, a finer thread, British Standard Cycle (BSC), was used as well.
BSF was developed by R. E. B. Crompton, and his assistant George Field. BSF threads use the 55 degree Whitworth thread form. It was introduced by the British Engineering Standards Association in 1908.
The table provides BSF sizes, the threads per inch and spanner jaw sizes. The BSC column indicates where BSF and BSC threads match. The table shows suitable tapping drill sizes. Uncommon sizes are shown in italics.

## Table

    Diameter Thread density As BSC? Nut, approximate Tap drill (in) (mm) (in$^{−1}$) (mm) (in) 3⁄16 0.194.83 32 Yes 8.5911⁄32 6pt 5⁄32 in 7⁄32 0.225.59 28 No 4.6 mm 1⁄4 0.256.35 26 Yes 11.30 5.3 mm 5⁄16 0.317.87 22 No 13.3517⁄32 17⁄64 in 3⁄8 0.3759.53 20 15.245⁄8 8.2 mm 7⁄16 0.4411.18 18 18.0311⁄16 9.7 mm 1⁄2 0.5012.70 16 20.8313⁄16 7⁄16 in 9⁄16 0.5614.22 16 23.3715⁄16 1⁄2 in 5⁄8 0.6316.00 14 25.651 6pt 14 mm 11⁄16 0.6917.53 14 27.941+1⁄8 6pt 15.5 mm 3⁄4 0.7519.05 12 30.481+1⁄4 6pt 16.75 mm 7⁄8 0.8822.35 11 33.021+5⁄16 25⁄32 in 1 1.0025.40 10 37.591+1⁄2 22.75 mm 1+1⁄8 18457.20 9 42.421+11⁄16 26.50 mm 1+1⁄4 1.2531.75 9 47.241+7⁄8 28.75 mm 1+1⁄2 1.5038.10 8 56.392+1⁄4 34.50 mm
# Broad (English gold coin)

The Broad was an English coin worth 20 shillings (20/-) issued by the Commonwealth of England in 1656. It was a milled gold coin weighing 9.0–9.1 grams, with a diameter of 29 or 30 millimetres, designed by Thomas Simon (also called Symonds).
The obverse of the coin depicts the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell as a laureated Roman emperor, with the Latin inscription OLIVAR D G R P ANG SCO HIB &c PRO [Olivarius Dei Gratia Res Publicae Angliae, Scotiae et Hiberniae etc. Protector] — Oliver, by the Grace of God, of the Republic of England, Scotland, Ireland etc., Protector, while the reverse shows a crowned shield depicting the arms of the Commonwealth with the inscription PAX QVAERITVR BELLO 1656 -- Peace is sought through war.
The current value of the coin in "very fine" to "extremely fine" condition is £27,000 to £54,000.
A piedfort version of the coin with an edge inscription is known as a Fifty shilling piece. This is extremely rare, and there are very few examples as it is probably a pattern.
# Broad (surname)

Broad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Scott Broad (1854–1929), South Australian artist
* Alice Broad (fl. 1661–1664), British, first female printer in York, England
* C. D. Broad (1887–1971), English philosopher known for works such as Scientific Thought (1930) and Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy (1933)
* Chris Broad (cricketer) (born 1957), former English cricketer and match referee
* Chris Broad (filmmaker) (born 1990), British YouTuber, filmmaker and podcast host.
* Eli Broad (1933–2021), American billionaire and philanthropist
* Francis Alfred Broad (1874–1956), British politician; also known as Frank Broad
* James Broad (disambiguation), multiple people
* Lindsey Broad, American television, stage, and film actress
* Nick Broad (died 2013), English nutritionist
* Perry Broad (1921–1993), Brazilian SS officer at Auschwitz concentration camp
* Shane Broad (born 1976), Australian politician and rower
* Stephen Broad (born 1980), former English footballer
* Stuart Broad (born 1986), English cricketer, son of the cricketer, Chris Broad
* Billy Idol (born 1955), real name William Albert Michael Broad
* William Broad (born 1951), The New York Times writer
# Broad Agency Announcement

The Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) is a technique for United States government agencies to solicit proposals from outside groups for certain research and development. The agency will then select proposals to fund as contracts or grants. BAAs are broad in their subject matter and focus on advancing science rather than acquiring specific products, which are instead covered under a Request for proposals.
BAAs pertains to basic and applied research, and certain early-stage development work. They are not intended for acquisition "related to the development of a specific system or hardware procurement." It may only be used "when meaningful proposals with varying technical/scientific approaches can reasonably be foreseen."
The technique may be used to acquire "scientific study and experimentation directed toward advancing the state-of-the-art or increasing knowledge or understanding." The technique shares the name of the means of initiating it. The announcement, published in Federal Business Opportunities, describes "broadly defined areas of interest". Proposals received in response to the announcement are evaluated through a peer or scientific review process, unlike the more traditional technique for evaluation of proposals under FAR Subpart 15.3 An award under the technique is treated as meeting the statutory requirement in the Competition in Contracting Act for full and open competition (vis a no-bid contract).
# Brian Talma

Brian Herbert Hamilton Talma (born 24 March 1965) is a Barbadian windsurfer. He grew up with dyslexia, and attended The Gow School for his high school years.. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Celtic maze

Celtic mazes are straight-line spiral key patterns that have been drawn all over the world since prehistoric times. The patterns originate in early Celtic developments in stone and metal-work, and later in medieval Insular art. Prehistoric spiral designs date back to Gavrinis (c. 3500 BCE).
The straight-line spirals of Celtic labyrinths originated in chevrons and lozenges and are drawn by the Celts using a connect the dots method.
# Celine Samoborske

Celine Samoborske is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 292 people.
# Central Norte

Club Atlético Central Norte is an Argentine football club from the city of Salta, from the Salta Province. The team plays in the Torneo Federal A, the regionalised third division of the Argentine football league system.

## History

Central Norte was founded in Salta on 9 March 1921, and took its name from the state-owned Ferrocarril Central Norte whose railway line crossed the Salta Province.

## Titles

* Liga Salteña: 36
* Torneos Regionales: 7
* Torneo Federal A: 1
       2024
* Torneo Argentino B: 2
       2005–06, 2009–10
# Cenchrus distichophyllus

Cenchrus distichophyllus is a grass species native to Cuba.
Cenchrus distichophyllus is a perennial herb, forming clumps. Leaves are up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in) long, tapering to a rigid tip. Spikelet is up to 2.5 cm (0.98 in) long with bristly hairs, with an involucre half the length of the spikelet.
# Centauro

Centauro is the Italian word for centaur.
Centauro also may refer to:

## People

* Greg Centauro (1977–2011), French pornographic actor and director

## Military formations

* I Mechanized Brigade "Centauro", ancestor of the Italian Army's Mechanized Brigade "Goito"
* III Services Battalion "Centauro", ancstor of the Italian Army's Transit Areas Management Regiment
* 131st Armored Division "Centauro", a World War II Italian Royal Army unit
* 131st Artillery Regiment "Centauro", an inactive Italian Army unit
* 136th Armored Legionary Division "Centauro", a World War II Italian Royal Army unit
* Armored Brigade "Centauro", a post-World War II Italian Army unit
* Artillery Specialists Group "Centauro", ancestor of the Italian Army's 12th Heavy Field Artillery Regiment (Italy)
* Engineer Battalion "Centauro", ancestor of the Italian Army's 131st Engineer Battalion "Ticino"
* Logistic Battalion "Piemonte", an inactive Italian Army unit originally named the Logistic Battalion "Centauro"
* Signal Battalion "Centauro", ancestor of the Italian Army's 231st Signal Battalion "Sempione"

## Aerospace

* Centauro (sounding rocket), a family of Argentinian sounding rockets
* Fiat G.55 Centauro, an Italian World War II fighter aircraft

## Ships

* Italian ship Centauro, various Italian naval vessels
* Centauro-class patrol boat, a class of Portuguese Navy patrol boats

## Vehicles

* B1 Centauro, an Italian tank destroyer, the basis for a family of Italian armored vehicles

## Television and film

* Centauro (film), a 2022 Spanish action thriller film
* La querida del Centauro, an American 2016–2017 telenovela

## Other

* Centauro (review), a Portuguese monthly literary review
* Centauro event, a kind of anomalous event observed in cosmic-ray detectors
# Center for Quantum Spintronics

The Center for Quantum Spintronics (QuSpin) is a research center at the Department of Physics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
In 2017, the Research Council of Norway designated QuSpin as a Center of Excellence (SFF) for the period 2017–2027.
Spintronics, or spin electronics, is a field in condensed matter physics, a study of the physical effects associated with quantum mechanical spin. Electrons do not only have charge. They also have a spin, an apparent inner rotation, as if the electrons spin around their own axis. Spintronics has already contributed to a revolution in data storage, and was, among other things, the basis for Apple's music player iPod.
The researchers at QuSpin aim to describe and develop new ways of controlling electrical signals. This may contribute to a major development in energy efficient information and communication technology. The results of their research have already attracted interest internationally, and have been discussed and published in several scientific journals, e.g. Nature and Science.
In electronics, the electrical charge of electrons is used to store and process information. Electric currents generate a lot of heat, which is emitted to the surroundings. This is an increasing challenge, and limits how small and efficient electronic devices can be.
QuSpin works to find new ways of controlling and utilizing electrons' intrinsic spin. The goal is to control the spin, and other quantum mechanical variables, using new combinations of nanoscale materials. Their research includes studies of quantum mechanical transport properties for superconducting, magnetic and topological materials.
QuSpin has research activity in both theoretical and experimental physics. By the end of 2018, the center had a team of more than 60 members, of which 11 were professors and associate professors; three researchers; seven postdocs and 26 Ph.D. students.
The center management consists (as of 2023) of four primary investigators: Professor Arne Brataas; Professor Jacob Linder; Professor Asle Sudbø (Center Leader) and Associate Professor Hendrik Bentmann.
# Cephetola nigra

Cephetola nigra, the Bethune-Baker's epitola, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria (the Cross River loop), Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. Its habitat consists of forests.
# Cephetola obscura

Cephetola obscura, the obscure epitola, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana and western Nigeria. Its habitat consists of forests.
# Central Industrial Region

Central Industrial Region may refer to:
* Central Industrial Region (Poland)
* Central Industrial Oblast, Russia
# Centinela del Cóndor Canton

Centinela del Cóndor Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Zamora-Chinchipe Province. Its capital is the town of Zumbi. Its population at the 2001 census was 7,230.
# Centric relation

In dentistry, centric relation is the mandibular jaw position in which the head of the condyle is situated as far anterior and superior as it possibly can within the mandibular fossa/glenoid fossa.
It is defined as, "The maxillo-mandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective discs with the complex in the anterior-superior position against the slopes of the articular eminences. This position is independent of tooth contact. This position is clinically discernible when the mandible is directed superiorly and anteriorly. It is restricted to a purely rotary movement about the transverse horizontal axis". — GPT.
This position is used when restoring edentulous patients with removable or either implant-supported hybrid or fixed prostheses. Because the dentist wants to be able to reproducibly relate the patient's maxilla and mandible, but the patient does not have teeth with which to establish his or her own vertical dimension of occlusion, another method has been devised to achieve this goal. The condyle can only be in the same place as it was the last time it was positioned by the dentist if it is consistently moved to the most superior and anterior position within the fossa.
It is a physiologic position that is used for reproducibility. The Temporomandibular Joint is not restricted to Centric Relation in function. At the most superior position, the condyle-disc assemblies are braced medially, thus centric relation is also the midmost position. A properly aligned condyle-disc assembly in centric relation can resist maximum loading by the elevator muscles with no sign of discomfort. It also allows for the most repeatable and recordable position, and therefore should be used when designing an appropriate occlusion.
Methods of Recording Centric Relation:
* Tactile or inter-occlusal check record method
* Pressureless method
* Pressure method
* Needlehouse method
* Patterson method
* Intraoral method
* Extraoral method
# Ceracanthia

Ceracanthia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1893.

## Species

* Ceracanthia alturasiana (Neunzig & Solis, 2002)
* Ceracanthia cornuta (Neunzig & Solis, 2002)
* Ceracanthia eugenieae (Neunzig & Solis, 2002)
* Ceracanthia frustrator (Heinrich, 1956)
* Ceracanthia mamella (Dyar, 1919)
* Ceracanthia pseudopeterseni (Neunzig & Solis, 2002)
* Ceracanthia schausi (Heinrich, 1956)
* Ceracanthia soraella (Druce, 1899)
* Ceracanthia squamifera (Heinrich, 1956)
* Ceracanthia squamimagna (Neunzig & Solis, 2002)
* Ceracanthia vepreculella (Ragonot, 1893)
# Cerodendra quadripunctata

Cerodendra quadripunctata is a moth in the family Zygaenidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1893 from Sri Lanka.
# Centrophantes

Centrophantes is a genus of European dwarf spiders that was first described by F. Miller & A. Polenec in 1975. As of May 2019 it contains only two species: C. crosbyi and C. roeweri.
# Certificate of legal aid costs

A certificate of legal aid costs is a British "certificate of costs allowed following taxation by a judicial or taxing officer." It actually has nothing to do with legal aid.
It is similar to a bill of costs used in Italy, and elsewhere.
# Ceratolasma

Ceratolasma is a genus of harvestmen in the family Ischyropsalididae, found in the Pacific Northwest. There is one described species in Ceratolasma, C. tricantha.
Ceratolasma was formerly a member of the family Ceratolasmatidae, but was moved to Ischyropsalididae, along with Ceratolasmatidae which became the subfamily Ceratolasmatinae.
# Cerautola miranda

Cerautola miranda, the wondrous epitola, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia. Its habitat consists of forests and forest edges.

## Subspecies

* Cerautola miranda miranda (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, western Nigeria)
* Cerautola miranda vidua (Talbot, 1935) (eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Uganda, western Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia)
# Ceravolo

Ceravolo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fabio Ceravolo (born 1987), Italian footballer
* Joseph Ceravolo (1934–1988), American poet
# Cerașu

Cerașu is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Cerașu, Slon, Valea Borului, Valea Brădetului, Valea Lespezii, and Valea Tocii.
Cerașu borders the following communes: Chiojdu (Buzău County) and Vama Buzăului (Brașov County) to the north; Măneciu to the west; Izvoarele and Drajna to the south; and Posești, Bătrâni, and Starchiojd to the east.
# Cercado Province (Cochabamba)

Cercado is a province in Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Cochabamba, which is also the capital of the department.

## Subdivision

The province consists of one municipality, Cochabamba Municipality. It is identical to the province.

## The people

The people are predominantly indigenous citizens of Quechuan and Aymaran descent.
| Ethnic group | Inhabitants (%) |
| Quechua | 48.6 |
| Aymara | 10.2 |
| Guaraní, Chiquitos, Moxos | 1.0 |
| Not indigenous | 39.7 |
| Other indigenous groups | 0.4 |
Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

## Languages

The languages spoken in the Cercado Province are mainly Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, and Guaraní. The following table shows the number of those belonging to the recognized group of speakers.
| Language | Inhabitants |
| Quechua | 196,374 |
| Aymara | 39,594 |
| Guaraní | 602 |
| Another native | 458 |
| Spanish | 478,004 |
| Foreign | 30,046 |
| Only native | 12,556 |
| Native and Spanish | 208,237 |
| Only Spanish | 270,208 |
Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo

## Places of interest

* Tunari National Park
* Laguna Alalay
# Cerro Castillo National Park

Cerro Castillo National Park is a nature reserve of Chile located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region, south of Coyhaique. The park is named after Cerro Castillo, its highest mountain and main attraction. The Carretera Austral passes through the park.

## History

Named a national reserve in 1970, Cerro Castillo was recategorized a National Park as part of an agreement between the Chilean government, under President Michelle Bachelet and Tompkins Conservation in 2018.

## Ecology

Mammals in the park include the endangered South Andean deer, guanacos, pumas, chingue (Molina’s hog-nosed skunk), and canines of the genus Lycalopex. Notable birds that inhabit in the area are the Andean condor and black-chested buzzard eagles in the mountains, and austral parakeets, thorn-tailed rayaditos, Magellanic woodpeckers, churrín del sur (Magellanic tapaculo), and the chucao tapaculo. Lenga and ñirre are the most common tree species in the reserve, though evergreen species like the coigüe de Magallanes are also present.
The northern portion of the park is part of Aisén River drainage basin, whereas that the southern portion is included in the basin area of Ibáñez River.

### Rewilding

Cerro Castillio National Park is a key part of the National Huemul Corridor, a public-private initiative that seeks to reestablish the huemul population using wildlife corridors in key conservation areas along the Route of Parks of Patagonia. Partners for this project include Rewilding Chile and CONAF.
# Cerro Catedral Heliport

Cerro Catedral Heliport (ICAO: SAZK) is a public-use heliport located near Cerro Catedral, Río Negro Province, Argentina.