OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (30 April 1798 – 26 November 1869) was a sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.

## Biography

He was born in Rudolstadt the second son of the reigning prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Louis Frederick II and his wife Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Homburg (1771–1854). His father died on 28 April 1807, and his brother Friedrich Günther (* 1793) succeeded him as sovereign prince with Albert becoming the heir presumptive. Landgravine Caroline acted as regent for Albert's brother Friedrich Günther until he came of age in 1814. As a Prussian Lieutenant, the 16 years old Albert participated 1814 and 1815 as member of the staff of Louis William, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, his uncle, in the Prussian campaign against Napoleon Bonaparte. Serving in the Prussian army, he married 1827 Auguste zu Solms-Braunfels, a niece of the Prussian king.
Following the death of his brother Friedrich Günther on 28 June 1867, Albert succeeded his brother as reigning prince instead of his nephew Prince Sizzo of Leutenberg, who was born as a result of a morganatic marriage. His short two-year reign came to an end following his death in Rudolstadt. He was succeeded by his son Hereditary Prince Georg.

## Marriage and children

On 26 July 1827, Prince Albert was married to Princess Augusta Luise of Solms-Braunfels (25 July 1804 – 8 October 1865), daughter of Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Prince Frederick William of Solms-Braunfels and niece of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm III. They had:
* Prince Karl Günther (1828-1828)
* Princess Elisabeth (1833–1896) married Leopold III, Prince of Lippe
* Prince Georg (1838–1890)
* Prince Ernst Heinrich (1848-1848)
# Barbara Harwerth

Barbara Jean Harwerth (born March 6, 1941) is a former volleyball player. Born in La Crosse, Wisconsin, she played for the United States national team at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Aizerman's conjecture

In nonlinear control, Aizerman's conjecture or Aizerman problem states that a linear system in feedback with a sector nonlinearity would be stable if the linear system is stable for any linear gain of the sector. This conjecture, proposed by Mark Aronovich Aizerman in 1949, was proven false but led to the (valid) sufficient criteria on absolute stability.

## Mathematical statement of Aizerman's conjecture (Aizerman problem)

Consider a system with one scalar nonlinearity
    ${\frac {dx}{dt}}=Px+qf(e),\quad e=r^{*}x\quad x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n},$
where P is a constant n×n-matrix, q, r are constant n-dimensional vectors, ∗ is an operation of transposition, f(e) is scalar function, and f(0)=0. Suppose that the nonlinearity f is sector bounded, meaning that for some real $k_{1}$ and $k_{2}$ with $k_{1}<k_{2}$, the function $f$ satisfies
    $k_{1}<{\frac {f(e)}{e}}<k_{2},\quad \forall \;e\neq 0.$
Then Aizerman's conjecture is that the system is stable in large (i.e. unique stationary point is global attractor) if all linear systems with f(e)=ke, k ∈(k1,k2) are asymptotically stable.
There are counterexamples to Aizerman's conjecture such that nonlinearity belongs to the sector of linear stability and unique stable equilibrium coexists with a stable periodic solution, i.e. a hidden oscillation. However, under stronger assumptions on the system, such as positivity, Aizerman's conjecture is known to hold true.

## Variants

* Strengthening of Aizerman's conjecture is Kalman's conjecture (or Kalman problem) where in place of condition on the nonlinearity it is required that the derivative of nonlinearity belongs to linear stability sector.
* A multivariate version of Aizerman's conjecture holds true over the complex field, and it can be used to derive the circle criterion for the stability of nonlinear time-varying systems.
# Anna von Schaden

Anna Leopoldine Theresia Elisabetha Nanette von Stadler von Pranck von Schaden (January 1763 – January 1834) was an Austrian composer and pianist who was known for her improvisational skills but left only three written compositions for piano. She published and performed under the names Anna von Schaden and Nanette von Schaden.
Von Schaden’s parents were Salzburg Court War Council Director Leopold Graf Pranck and Walburga Stadler. Because her parents were unmarried, Schaden used the name “von Stadler von Pranck.” In 1774, she moved into the household of Imperial Court Councilor Friedrich von Mauchart. She studied music with Franz Ignaz von Beecke, and in 1779 she married the Wallerstein privy councilor Joseph Wilhelm von Schaden. They had two daughters, Maria Anna Antonia and Josepha Amalia.
The von Schadens moved to the court of Oettingen-Wallerstein, where von Schaden met court musician Antonio Rosetti, who later helped orchestrate her two piano concerti. In 1781 she began receiving an annual pension of 200 guilders for her musical contributions at court, including her 1786 performance of a piano concerto by Beecke. Von Schaden also became friends with piano maker Nanette Streicher. They played four hand piano works and performed together.
In 1787, the von Schadens moved when Joseph von Schaden became the Imperial City Council Consultant in Augsburg. Later that year, Ludwig van Beethoven stopped to visit them, and they gave him money so he could visit his sick mother in Bonn. In 1789, the musicologist Johann Friedrich Reichardt also visited, and later wrote in a letter, “. . . Ms von Schaden – who is by far the greatest piano player of all the musical women I know, including the Parisians; yes, in skill and security possibly unsurpassed by any virtuoso; she also sings with great expression and performance, and is in every respect a pleasant, interesting woman. . . “ In 1793, the von Schadens divorced, and von Schaden and her daughters moved to Regensburg to live with her father.
Von Schaden dedicated her Concerto in Bb Major to Madame la Baronne de Schlammersdorf nee Baronne de Lentersheim, and her Concerto in G Major to Madame la Comtesse de Taufkirchen. At least two works were dedicated to her: Johann Franz Xaver Sterkel’s Keyboard Concerto in Bb Major StWV 152, and Heinrich Marchaud’s Ten Variations for Piano in Bb Major Opus 1.
Although von Schaden is reported to have composed piano sonatas and other pieces, only three remain today, all published by Speier:
# Calvin Christian Collegiate

Calvin Christian Collegiate is a high school in Transcona, Manitoba, Canada. Calvin was established in 2002 and delivers education from a Christian perspective.

## Overview

Calvin Christian Collegiate was established in 2002 to extend the educational program at Calvin Christian School into the high school years. The former Park Circle School in Transcona was purchased in the early months of 2002, renovations were undertaken and by September the school was ready for occupancy. The grade 7 to 9 population from the Sutton Avenue campus was moved to the new location and grade 10 was added that year. In subsequent years grade 11 and 12 were added.

## History

Calvin Christian School comes from a Reformed religious and philosophical tradition dating back to the 1800s. It originally had strong denominational connections with Reformed churches and remains strongly influenced by reformed theology. In the late 1950s, a group of Dutch immigrants worked together to establish a Christian school. All of these immigrants were from the Christian Reformed Churches in Winnipeg and that gave the school a Dutch Calvinist background. However, due to the Reformed traditions and philosophical perspectives regarding church connections, Calvin Christian School has been interdenominational since its founding. The founders associated themselves with The Greater Winnipeg Society of Christian Education and set about planning what would become Calvin Christian School. They built a seven-room school that opened its doors in September 1960 to 65 students. Today, 60 churches are represented within the student body. The philosophy of today is characterized as small "r" reformed because it is not about a connection to a Reformed Church, it is about a philosophical connection to early reformed thinkers.
By the late 1980s, portable classrooms had multiplied around the original building and it was necessary to build in order accommodate the growth. Property was acquired to the east of the original building, and construction began in 1989. Eight classrooms were added to the east side of the building, and a new library, multipurpose room, administrative area and gymnasium were added to the west side. The original building was between the two new wings, and was renovated in the summer of 1990. Space again became a problem in the late 1990s. In 1997, that gave rise to the construction of the north wing, which included a computer lab, two more classrooms, and a staff room.
For more space, the school took over the former Aurthur Day School in Transcona. This was to both alleviate growing pains and to also house Calvin's first-ever high school program. In September 2002, it opened the doors to Calvin Christian Collegiate, the school's second campus, housing Grades 7 to 9 and the newly created 10 to 12 program. Recently a new gym has been added.
# Caecilia disossea

Caecilia disossea is a species of caecilian in the family Caeciliidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.
# Al-Taj Gümüshtegin

Al-Taj Gümüshtegin, also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Gümüshtegin al-Tājī, eunuch governor of Baalbek through 1110, a freedman of Tutush I. Al-Taj briefly jailed Tutush’s son Irtash in 1104 before he was released by Toghtekin. He was replaced by Toghtekin’s son Buri. In exchange for Baalbek, Toghtekin granted al-Taj the fortress of Salkhad where he died in 1131.
# Al-Haylah

Al-Haylah is a village in east-central Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Anna Åfelt

Anna Åfelt (1817—1884) was a Swedish school teacher. She was one of the pioneers of elementary public schooling in Sweden. She was one of the first Swedish women to become a qualified public school teacher, and was later employed as a regular full-time teacher.

## Life

Anna Åfelt was born on 16 January 1817, in Vinslöv, Scania, Sweden, to a 22-year-old single mother, Benita Svensdotter. Being the child of an unmarried mother in the 19th century put them both in a precautious situation legally and socially.
From 1837 she was active in Önnestad, training to become a teacher. When the state elementary public schooling was introduced in 1842, all of its teachers were required to have a teaching degree. She applied for a dispensation, and in 1847 was the first woman to gain a primary school teaching degree in Lund. She retired from teaching in 1874.
Like her mother, she remained unmarried. Anna Åfelt died on 22 May 1884.
In 1942, on the 100th anniversary of the Swedish public schools' establishment, a memorial stone was built on her grave in Önnestad cemetery.
# CS Telconia

CS Telconia was a British cable ship used in the early 20th century to lay and repair submarine communications cables. She was built in 1909 by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson for the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company (a subsidiary of the Atlantic Telegraph Company) and remained in service until late 1934.
Telconia is often incorrectly credited with playing a role in cutting German cables in August 1914. In her book The Zimmermann Telegram, American historian Barbara Tuchman incorrectly asserted this based on an interview with a retired Royal Navy officer decades later. Scholars have since determined that in fact it was the British General Post Office ship CS Alert that carried out these attacks. The job of Alert was to locate and cut the five German cables heading into the Atlantic. A similar operation cut the German cables that connected Great Britain to the German coast. Successive missions by Telconia and other ships later in the war eliminated the remainder of Germany's cable network and, in some instances, pulled the cables up with their grapples and relaid them into British and French ports for use by the Allied powers instead.
# Aladau

Aladau (Belarusian: Аладаў) is a Belarusian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Aladava (Аладава). In Russia, this surname is transliterated as Aladaov (Аладов, masculine) and Aladova (Аладова, feminine). The surname may refer to the following notable people:
* Alena Aladava (1907–1986), Belarusian art historian
* Nikolay Aladov (1890–1972), Belarusian composer, husband of Alena
* Ninel Aladova (born 1934), Belarusian architect
# Allan McFee

Allan McFee (June 4, 1913 – December 12, 2000) was an often irreverent announcer for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's radio and television networks. Born in Belleville, Ontario, he joined the CBC in 1937, and remained with the network until his retirement in 1989. Even after his retirement, he continued to be the announcer for Max Ferguson's Sunday morning CBC radio show up to the beginning of 1998.
McFee was the announcer on such programmes as The Royal Canadian Air Farce, Sunday Morning and The Max Ferguson Show. He also hosted his own program, Eclectic Circus for almost twenty years running five nights a week until 1985 and then as a weekly program until 1989. In the show, McFee would converse with an imaginary mouse, a "small grey presence" which lived in his pocket, and play an eclectic array of obscure musical selections. Other sounds included imaginary chickens. Referring to himself as "your delightful host" and "the old musicologist," he would address his audience as "all those out there in vacuumland". He would often refer to the CBC as the "Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission", the name of the precursor to the CBC that only existed for about four years in the 1930s. He took pride in his status as an employee without a contract, and, aware of his popularity, made his feelings about CBC's management known. CBC staffers passed on a legend that when a particularly pompous management memo was posted on the bulletin board, he used the opportunity to ostentatiously read it aloud, word for word, and then set it on fire.
He was married to Oonah McFee, a writer who won the Books in Canada First Novel Award for her sole published novel, Sandbars.
# Al-Ali

Al-Ali' (العلي) (English: The Sublimely Exalted) may refer to:
* Al-Ali, one of the 99 names of God
* Al Ali (tribe)
* Naji al-Ali, Palestinian cartoonist assassinated in London
* Ali (disambiguation)
# 2016 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay

The 2016 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Saguenay, Quebec, Canada between October 17 and October 23, 2016.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Catherine Bellis | 111 | 1 |
| USA | Jennifer Brady | 112 | 2 |
| USA | Grace Min | 132 | 3 |
| USA | Sachia Vickery | 156 | 4 |
| USA | Jessica Pegula | 165 | 5 |
| SRB | Jovana Jakšić | 178 | 6 |
| CAN | Françoise Abanda | 186 | 7 |
| JPN | Mayo Hibi | 209 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of October 10, 2016

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Lauren Chypyha
* Gabriela Dabrowski
* Catherine Leduc
* Vanessa Wong
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Elena Bovina
* Danielle Collins
* Charlotte Robillard-Millette
* Katherine Sebov
The following player received entry by junior exempt:
* Bianca Andreescu

## Champions
### Singles

* Catherine Bellis def. Bianca Andreescu, 6–4, 6–2

### Doubles

* Elena Bogdan / Mihaela Buzărnescu def. Bianca Andreescu / Charlotte Robillard-Millette, 6–4, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, [10–6]
# Calathus vuillefroyi

Calathus vuillefroyi is a species of ground beetle from the Platyninae subfamily that is endemic to Spain.
# Annales maximi

The Annales maximi were annals kept by the pontifex maximus during the Roman Republic. The chief priest of the Capitoline would record key public events and the names of each of the magistrates. He would keep a detailed record and publish an abbreviated version on a white board (tabula dealbata) outside the Regia or the Domus Publica.
Cicero refers to the practice explicitly, and Cato condemned the apparent triviality and superstition of it (as well as the fact that it kept track of bad news, such as famines). The earliest records were accounts of mythological events, which gave credence to Cato's rejection. However, early Roman historians used the Annales maximi extensively, and legitimate records went, according to Cicero, to 400 BC. By the time of the Gracchi (~130 BC), when the annal ceased, it filled eighty books. The collection was published by pontifex maximus Publius Mucius Scaevola.
# Calliostoma moscatellii

Calliostoma moscatellii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 17 mm and 24 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Southern Brazil at depths between 50 m and 200 m.
# Cabilla and Redrice Woods

Cabilla and Redrice Woods is a nature reserve of the Cornwall Wildlife Trust, about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Bodmin, in Cornwall, England. It is an extensive area of mixed woodland.

## Description

The area of the reserve is 77 hectares (190 acres). There is a walking trail that takes in various features of the woodland. It includes some steep inclines.
Features in Cabilla Wood include centuries-old coppiced woodland, where species have evolved life cycles dependent on coppicing; a pond, habitat of amphibians, dragonflies and other insects; a large adit of a disused mine, home of the greater and lesser horseshoe bat; an alder coppice; and a building of East Wheal Jane, a former lead and silver mine.
Redrice Wood, east of Cabilla Wood across a stream, consists mostly of sessile oak coppice. There are charcoal burning platforms where, from medieval times to the late 18th century, coppiced oak was converted to charcoal. There is an oak plantation of timber trees. The blue ground beetle, found in few places in Britain, is seen in Redrice Wood.
# Albert Arthur

Albert Arthur GM was a Flying Officer with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve during World War II. In 1944, he was awarded the George Medal (GM). The citation read:
   One day in February, 1944, an aircraft, carrying a 500 lb. bomb and incendiaries, crashed near a Royal Air Force Station, and immediately caught fire. Flying Officer Arthur, a gunnery instructor, was soon on the scene and, despite the great heat and exploding ammunition, he attempted to rescue the crew. Shortly afterwards he was joined by Flight Lieutenant Spencer, the station medical officer. The wreckage was blazing from end to end and several times these officers were compelled to break off their rescue attempts. Flying Officer Arthur entered the burning aircraft no less than four times, with a handkerchief tied round his nose and mouth. At the fourth attempt, he was driven back by the heat and flames, his eyebrows being burnt off and his right trouser leg and pocket burnt. Flight Lieutenant Spencer stayed close at hand and searched in the wreckage for possible survivors. It was not until the bombs were red hot and Flight Lieutenant Spencer, was certain that the crew must be dead from the heat that these officers abandoned their efforts. They then warned the fire party to withdraw and cleared the area of spectators just before the 500 Ib. bomb exploded. Although the attempts of these officers to rescue the crew were in vain, they displayed high courage and a complete disregarded of their, own safety.
Spencer was awarded the GM at the same time.
# Bann

Bann may refer to:
* Banns of marriage
* River Bann, in Northern Ireland
** Bann Rowing Club, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
* River Bann, in Wexford, Ireland
* Bann, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

## People

* Bill Bann (1902–1973), Scottish footballer
* Blair Bann (born 1988), Canadian volleyball player
* Stephen Bann (born 1942), British art historian
# Alizaga

Alizaga is a small town in Eggon local Government Area, Nigeria. Which is part of small area in Eggon. the Eggon Post Office is also located in Alizaga Its along the A3 highway north of Lafia, the capital of Nasarawa State.
# Aja Raden

Aja Raden is an author, historian, scientist and jewelry designer. She wrote a widely-reviewed 2015 nonfiction book about the social history of gems but is more well-known for her appearance in the 2022 documentary Nothing Lasts Forever.

## Education and early career

Raden studied physics and ancient history at the University of Chicago. She worked for the House of Kahn Estate Jewelers in Chicago and for Tacori in California.

## Writing and commentary on gems

Kirkus called her 2015 nonfiction work discussing the history of jewelry, Stoned, "a lively, incisive cultural and social history".
The Wall Street Journal described her appearance on the 2022 documentary Nothing Lasts Forever as "comically caustic". Decider called her appearance "an extremely witty breath of fresh air" and said that her "go-for-broke, take-no-prisoners disdain for bullshit is inspiring". Variety called her appearance "endlessly quotable". Indiewire called her the documentary's standout and a "natural scene stealer", saying she "radiates charisma with dramatic turns of phrase and a highly attuned bullshit meter".
# 2016 Fukuoka International Women's Cup – Doubles

Naomi Broady and Kristýna Plíšková were the defending champions, but both players chose to participate in Rome and Trnava instead, respectively.
Indy de Vroome and Aleksandrina Naydenova won the title, defeating Nigina Abduraimova and Ksenia Lykina in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

## Seeds

* An-Sophie Mestach / Storm Sanders (quarterfinals, withdrew)
* Kanae Hisami / Kotomi Takahata (semifinals)
* Akiko Omae / Peangtarn Plipuech (first round)
* Choi Ji-hee / Makoto Ninomiya (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A-S Mestach S Sanders | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | M Miyamura A Okuno | 1 | 1 | | 1 | A-S Mestach S Sanders | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | I de Vroome A Naydenova | 5 | 6 | [11] | | I de Vroome A Naydenova | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C-y Hsu P-c Lee | 7 | 0 | [9] | | | | | | | I de Vroome A Naydenova | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | J-h Choi M Ninomiya | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | J Namigata E Sema | 2 | 3 | | | | |
| WC | S Hisamitsu Y Yasuda | 1 | 0 | | 4 | J-h Choi M Ninomiya | 7$^8$ | 2 | [6] | | | | | | | | |
| Q | Y Chiang Y Saigo | 3 | 2 | | | J Namigata E Sema | 6$^6$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | |
| | J Namigata E Sema | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | I de Vroome A Naydenova | 6 | 6 |
| | M Inoue N Lertpitaksinchai | 4 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | | N Abduraimova K Lykina | 4 | 1 |
| WC | R Fujiwara M Imanishi | 6 | 2 | [10] | WC | R Fujiwara M Imanishi | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Abduraimova K Lykina | 6 | 7$^{11}$ | | | N Abduraimova K Lykina | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | A Omae Pe Plipuech | 4 | 6$^9$ | | | | | | | | N Abduraimova K Lykina | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | |
| WC | R Kajitani A Yoshitomi | 0 | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | K Hisami K Takahata | 6 | 3 | [7] | | | |
| | M Ayukawa Y Tanaka | 6 | 6 | | | M Ayukawa Y Tanaka | 6 | 2 | [9] | | | | | | | | |
| | C-w Hsu S Xu | 6$^6$ | 6$^8$ | | 2 | K Hisami K Takahata | 1 | 6 | [11] | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | K Hisami K Takahata | 7$^8$ | 7$^{10}$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |