OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Certification Practice Statement

A Certification Practice Statement (CPS) is a document from a certificate authority or a member of a web of trust which describes their practice for issuing and managing public key certificates.
Some elements of a CPS include documenting practices of:
* issuance
* publication
* archiving
* revocation
* renewal
By detailing the practice of issuance, revocation and renewal, a CPS aids entities in judging the relative reliability of a given certificate authority.

## Certificate authorities

In a certificate authority, the CPS should derive from the organization's certificate policy and may be referenced in issued certificates.

## Web of trust

Because individuals act as certifiers in a web of trust, individual CPS documents are sometimes used. For example, in a PGP WoT, the CPS might state that the certifying entity checked two forms of legal government ID before signing the person's public key.

## Digital signatures

When verifying digital signatures, it's necessary to review the CPS so as to determine the meaning of the issuance of the certificate by the certifying entity.
# Bachelor of Electrical Engineering

Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (B.E.E. or BEE) is an undergraduate academic degree offered to a student who completes three to five years of study in electrical engineering at a university or college.
There are many institutes offering Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (B.S.E.E. or B.Sc.E.E.) or Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering (B.E.E.E.).

## Duration

Program duration varies throughout the world depending upon the education curriculum. For example, in the US, this course requires four years to complete. On the other hand, in the UK, it takes three years to complete.
In some countries, it takes five years to complete. Study topics normally covered in this course include Direct Current, Alternating Current, Electrical Machines, AC & DC Motors, Transformers, Generators, Rotating Devices, Power Engineering, Power Transmission and Power Distribution.
# Cryptarcha concinna

Cryptarcha concinna is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in North America.
# DCSG

DCSG may refer to:
* Dame Commander of Saint Gregory, female variant of a class in one of the orders of knighthood of the Holy See
* the Data Centre Specialist Group, a Specialist Group (SG) of the British Computer Society (BCS)
* Texas Instruments SN76489, DCSG (Digital Complex Sound Generator) sound chip by Texas Instruments
* Disaggregated Cell Site Gateway, a project within the Telecom Infra Project (TIP)
# Charlie Phillips (footballer)

Cuthbert Phillips (23 June 1910 – 15 October 1969), known as Charlie Phillips, was a professional footballer who won 13 full caps for Wales. At club level, he scored 73 goals in 237 appearances in the Football League playing for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Aston Villa and Birmingham.
Phillips was born in Victoria, Newport, which was then in Monmouthshire. He began his football career with Ebbw Vale before turning professional with Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in 1929. He made his debut for the club on 15 March 1930 in a 1–1 home draw with Oldham Athletic, and went on to play 202 games in all competitions, scoring 65 goals. He contributed to the club's Second Division title in the 1931–32 season, and scored in the 4–2 victory over Everton in the last match of the following season, a game Wolves had to win to remain in the First Division.
In January 1936, Phillips moved on to Aston Villa for a fee of £9,000, where he experienced relegation followed by another Second Division title, and in 1938 he crossed the city to join Birmingham, where he was again relegated from the First Division. In the 1939 close season he dropped into non-league football with Chelmsford City. Phillips played in Chelmsford's opening four games of the season, scoring twice, before moving onto Bath City in October 1939. Phillips subsequently retired from football during the Second World War.
Phillips was capped twice at schoolboy level and went on to win 13 full international caps for Wales. He made his debut on 22 April 1931 against Ireland at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham, in the British Home Championship, scoring the opening goal in a 3–2 win.
He played as a forward, either at centre-forward or on the right. He was skilful with the ball but had a short temper which sometimes caused him disciplinary problems. After retirement from the game Phillips kept a pub, first in the Bushbury district of Wolverhampton and later in Lichfield, Staffordshire. He died in Lichfield in 1969 at the age of 59.

## Honours

with Wolverhampton Wanderers
* Football League Second Division champions: 1931–32
with Aston Villa
* Football League Second Division champions: 1937–38
# Crag Lough

Crag Lough is an inland lake at the southern edge of Northumberland National Park, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Bardon Mill, and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) north of the B6318 Military Road in Northumberland, northern England. At this point Hadrian's Wall is at the top of a line of crags, the Whin Sill, with Crag Lough at the foot of the crags.

## Etymology

The etymology of Crag Lough is linked to the Cumbric word luch, meaning 'lake' (c.f. Welsh llwch, Scottish Gaelic loch). The 'Crag' element is probably from a word equivalent to Welsh craig, 'cliff'.
# Embla (disambiguation)

Embla is the first woman in Norse mythology.
Embla may also refer to:
* Embla (given name)
* Embla (horse), a racehorse
* Embla (restaurant)
* The White Viking, an Icelandic film
# Avižonis

Avižonis is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Konstantinas Avižonis [lt] (1909-1969), Lithuanian historian
* Petras Avižonis (1875-1939), Lithuanian ophthalmologist and politician
# Cephalodiplosporium

Cephalodiplosporium is a genus of fungi in the Nectriaceae.
# Bachelor of Film and Television

Bachelor of Film and Television (usually BF&TV or BFTV) is an undergraduate bachelor's degree awarded to students who have studied elements of Filmmaking and Television production accredited university or accredited college.
This degree is a relatively new degree program offered mainly in Australia and differs from most degrees by its practical focus. Many universities offer Film and Television as a single unit, or series of units (major) study in a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts or Bachelor of Communications. Increasingly, colleges in Ontario granted degree-granting status, are delivering professional baccalaureate degrees combining practice and theory.
The degree usually consists of study in areas of Scriptwriting, Film and Television Directing, Animation, Sound, Cinematography, Lighting and Typography.

## Colleges and Universities in Canada

* Sheridan College

## Universities in Australia

* Swinburne University of Technology
* Bond University
* Griffith University
* University of Melbourne Faculty of the VCA and MCM
# Cryptophasa insana

Cryptophasa insana is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Felder & Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia and Western Australia.
The ground color of forewings is yellow.
# Cyril Emile Tchana

Cyril Émile Tchana (born June 25, 1983) is a Cameroonian former footballer who plays as a midfielder. He previously played for Persikabo Bogor.
# Charlie Pickett

Charlie Pickett may refer to:
* Charlie Pickett (pitcher) (1883-1969), American baseball pitcher
* Charlie Pickett (musician) (born 1953), American rock musician
# Crematogaster cerasi

Crematogaster cerasi is a species of ant in tribe Crematogastrini. It was described by Asa Fitch in 1855.

## Physical characteristics

Crematogaster cerasi are identified by the long hairs found on their shoulder and dorsum. Unlike others from the genus Crematogaster, there are only 3-5 hairs on each of these areas. Ridges on the thoracic dorsal are also indicators of a Crematogaster cerasi. Ridges are short and discontinuous. The bodies of the ants are unicolored.
* queen

## Diet

Crematogaster cerasi are omnivorous. This means that they have the ability to eat both non-vegetarian food as well as plants and seeds. They eat dead bugs and smaller insects. They also consume nectar of flowers.

## Predators

Predators consist of spiders, rodents, beetles, birds and sometimes but not often, black bears. Having this many known predators makes them a necessary part of the ecosystem.
# Charles Simonton

Charles Simonton may refer to:
* Charles Bryson Simonton (1838-1911), member of the United States Congress
* Charles Henry Simonton (1829–1904), United States federal judge
# Dichomeris mitteri

Dichomeris mitteri is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 1994. It is found in China (Shaanxi), Korea and Japan (Honshu, Kyushu).
The length of the forewings is 6.5-6.7 mm.
# Cephalodiscus agglutinans

Cephalodiscus agglutinans is a sessile hemichordate belonging to the order Cephalodiscida.
# Badnerlied

The Badnerlied ("Song of the People of Baden") is the unofficial hymn of the former state of Baden, now part of Baden-Württemberg.

## Origin

The song was adapted around 1865 from a similar hymn praising Saxony, which has since fallen into obscurity. Two reference points are the Festung in Rastatt and the industrialization of Mannheim. The verse beginning with "Alt-Heidelberg, Du feine" originates from the poem "The Trumpeter of Säckingen", a poem written around 1852 by Joseph Victor von Scheffel, who was also a resident of Baden. The earliest printed version of the Badnerlied appeared in 1906, in Marschlieder des 5. badischen Infanterieregiments Nr. 113 ("Marching songs of the 5th Infantry regiment of Baden").

## Importance

In the 1920s, there was talk of making the song the official hymn of Baden, but nothing came of it. The song's popularity was rekindled in the 1950s, in the wake of Baden having been absorbed into the state Baden-Württemberg, which still remains unpopular with some inhabitants; it has since remained the most popular regional hymn in south-west Germany.
The Badnerlied is played at home games of regional football, such as SC Freiburg, Karlsruher SC or 1899 Hoffenheim, but also in other contexts. The first four verses are the best known; the fifth (Der Bauer und der Edelmann...) is not as well known.

## Variations

The order of the verses also is subject to change, particularly swapping the second and fourth verses. Other small variations exist; in many places, steht is substituted for ist, for example In Rastatt ist die Festung becoming In Rastatt steht die Festung.
Many additional verses have been written. Particularly popular are those dealing with specific regions or cities, as well as those disparaging Swabia.
Rothaus, the state brewery of Baden, has its own modification, replacing In Rastatt ist die Festung with In Rothaus ist die Brauerei. This is particularly the case at association football games sponsored by the brewery. This is not the case with SC Freiburg; Karlsruher SC displays the text on the video screen, but the audio differs.
Charts created by the radio station SWR1 placed the Badnerlied at #9 for the whole state of Baden. Some regions scored higher; Konstanz (population 82,000) ranked it at #3; In Mosbach, it was even ranked as #1, leading an organization to name the residents of Mosbach as the 2006 Badeners of the year.

## Sources

* Waltraud Linder-Beroud: Ein neues Land – ein neues Lied? Badische Heimat 82 (2002), p. 96-109.
* Lutz Röhrich: „... und das ist Badens Glück“. Heimatlieder und Regionalhymnen im deutschen Südwesten. Auf der Suche nach Identität. Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung, Jg. 35 (1990), p. 14-25.
# Cryptorama vorticale

Cryptorama vorticale is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Cryptorama vorticale:
* Cryptorama vorticale minor Fall, 1905
* Cryptorama vorticale vorticale Fall, 1905
# Checkmath

Checkmath is a board game published in 1968 by Grant Trading.

## Contents

Checkmath is a game in which numbered counters are placed on opposite sides of a ten-by-ten squared board also marked with numbers, and players take each other's pieces by landing on spaces occupied by their pieces.

## Reception

Eric Solomon reviewed Checkmath for Games International magazine, and gave it 2 stars out of 5, and stated that "Checkmath is one of those games which an educationalist might applaud, but it bored me stiff. I will concede that it might be a good idea to play it several times with a six year old child, but after the age of seven it should be used only as punishment."
# Crambus pseudargyrophorus

Crambus pseudargyrophorus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Okano in 1960. It is found in Japan.
# Charlotte Löwensköld (1930 film)

Charlotte Löwensköld is a 1930 Swedish drama film directed by Gustaf Molander and starring Pauline Brunius, Gertrud Pålson-Wettergren and Birgit Sergelius. It is an adaptation of the 1925 novel Charlotte Löwensköld by Selma Lagerlöf. The film was not considered a success, and no further adaptations of Lagerlöf's work were made in her lifetime. The story was the basis for the 1979 film of the same title.

## Cast

* Pauline Brunius as Beate Ekenstedt
* Gertrud Pålson-Wettergren as Anna Svärd
* Birgit Sergelius as Charlotte Löwensköld
* Axel Nilsson as Forsius, vicar
* Stina Berg as Mrs. Forsius
* Eric Barclay as Karl-Artur Ekenstedt
* Urho Somersalmi as Schagerström
* Kolbjörn Knudsen as Pontus Friman
* Edith Wallén as Thea Sundler
* Alfred Lundberg as Bishop
# EMTA

EMTA may refer to:
* Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter, a combination cable modem and telephone adapter
* Endless Mountains Transportation Authority (now BeST Transit, serving Bradford, Sullivan, and Tioga counties in Pennsylvania)
* Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority
* European Metropolitan Transport Authorities
* Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
* Emergency Medical Technician Ambulance
# Diebitsch

Diebitsch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hans Karl von Diebitsch (1785–1831), German serving as Russian field marshal
* Karl Diebitsch (1899–1985), German artist and soldier responsible for much of the Third Reich SS regalia
* Josephine Cecilia Diebitsch (1863–1955), American arctic explorer with her husband Robert Peary
# Cervaphis quercus

Cervaphis quercus is an aphid species described by Takahashi in 1918.
# Bahra University

Bahra University is a private university located in Waknaghat, Solan district, Himachal Pradesh, India. The university was established in 2011 by the Rayat-Bahra Group (registered as Bahra Educational and Charitable Society) through the Bahra University (Establishment and Regulation) Act, 2010. The Rayat-Bahra Group also established Rayat Bahra University and other education institutes including Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology.

## Campus

The university is set up on a 25 acres (0.10 km$^2$) residential campus. Apart from teaching facilities the campus holds a hostel, a medical centre, a gym, a bank and a mess.

## Schools

The university has the following seven schools:
* School of Engineering
* School of Management
* School of Law
* School of Pharmaceutical Science
* School of Physiotherapy
* School of Hospitality and Tourism
* School of Basic Sciences

## Approval

Like all universities in India, Bahra University is recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which has also sent an expert committee. The programmes by the School of Law are approved by the Bar Council of India (BCI). The School of Pharmaceutical Science is approved by the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI).
# Cudham

Cudham is an area in Greater London, England, located within the London Borough of Bromley and beyond London's urban sprawl. It is located on the Greater London border with Kent, bordering the Sevenoaks District. Cudham lies south of Orpington and north west of Sevenoaks. It is located 15.9 miles (25.6 km) south-southeast of Charing Cross.

## History

Cudham church, dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, is mentioned in the Domesday Book.
Lord Simon de Manning, a former Lord of the Manor for Kevington, London, and holder of the land which now includes Cudham, was a Grandson of Rudolph de Manning, Count Palatine, (who, married Elgida, aunt to King Harold I, (Harold Harefoot), of England); he was the royal Standard Bearer to King Richard the Lionheart, who carried the royal Standard to Jerusalem in 1190, during the First Crusade. In England, the forms Earl Palatine and Palatine Earldom are preferred.
The Blacksmith's Arms, originally a 17th-century farmhouse, has memorabilia relating to the music hall artiste known as "Little Tich". Cudham was part of Bromley Rural District from 1894 and Orpington Urban District from 1934 to 1965. The village was therefore part of Kent (and administered by Kent County Council) until the creation of Greater London on 1 April 1965. Cudham Recreation Ground, behind the church and pub, is home to Cudham Wyse Cricket Club, which was formed in 1965.

## Transport

Cudham, being in the county of Greater London, is still under the Transport for London remit and is served by a London Buses bus service, with the R5/R10 connecting the area with Orpington via Green Street Green, and also to Knockholt in Kent. The closest rail links to the area are Chelsfield station and Knockholt station, in Travelcard Zone 6.

## Events

Cudham hosts one of the oldest village shows and fetes, dating back to Victorian times. It is held annually on the August Bank Holiday Monday.
Cudham also hosts the famous annual Cudham Craic music festival, a popular two day music event in Cudham's recreation ground.

## Local politics

Cudham is part of the largest ward in Greater London, Darwin (ward), covering a rural area including Downe, Leaves Green, Berry's Green, Single Street, and Westerham Hill.
Since 2019, the local Member of Parliament is Gareth Bacon, elected with 30,882 votes or 63.4% of the vote share. Previously, the local Member of Parliament has been Jo Johnson of the Conservatives who is brother of the former Prime Minister, Boris Johnson.
By a numerical majority of 22,378 votes (45.9%), Orpington is the safest Conservative Parliamentary seat in London.
One councillor is elected every four years to Bromley London Borough Council. To date, the Darwin ward has only been represented by representatives from the Conservative Party.
# Cyril Hogarth

Cyril Alfred Hogarth (22 January 1924 – 6 November 2006) was a British physicist and chairman of South Bucks District Council. A pioneer in the field of oxide semiconductors, he was a professor, head of the physics department, and administrator at Brunel University London, where he worked for 31 years.

## Early life and education

Hogarth was born in 1924, and grew up in Tottenham, north London. He was educated at Tottenham County School. Hogarth earned a degree from the University of London.
In 1948, he received a PhD from Queen Mary University of London, studying with Professor J. P. Andrews. That year, Hogarth's theoretical solution for determining the dependence of thermoelectric power of cadmium oxide on ambient oxygen pressure was published in Nature and in Philosophical Magazine. He later received a doctor of science degree in 1977.

## Career

From 1943 to 1946, Hogarth worked on naval radar and countermeasures in the UK, Canada, the US and the Arctic. After earning his PhD, he lectured at Chelsea College of Science and Technology and the University of Reading, before spending some years at the Royal Radar Establishment.
Hogarth was "closely involved" in the founding of Brunel University London from 1958, its first professor of physics, head of its physics department, and its pro vice-chancellor for a year in 1980.
In 1969, Hogarth was elected as vice-president of the Institute of Physics and the Physical Society.
Hogarth retired from Brunel University in 1989, but continued his research and published articles regularly through the mid-1990s. In 1990 and 1991 alone, he published 17 and 13 articles, respectively, in the Journal of Materials Science. In addition to semiconductors, his research focused on materials and their properties.

## Personal life and death

In 1951, Cyril married Dr Audrey Hogarth (1926 – 2010), who had a doctorate in dairy bacteriology from Reading University. The Hogarths lived in Gerrards Cross, where Audrey served as a magistrate for 29 years. They had three children together: Celia Stuart-Lee, a teacher; Adrian Hogarth, a lawyer; and Yvonne, who died in 1994.
Cyril Hogarth was chairman of the Gerrards Cross Conservative Association and served as a district councillor in South Bucks for 20 years. He died on 6 November 2006, immediately after a parish council meeting, most likely from a heart attack, at the age of 82.

## Selected publications

* Alani, SKJ; Hogarth, CA; Elmalawany, RA (1985). Journal of Materials Science 20(2):661.
* Anastasiadis, C; Triantis, D; Hogarth, CA (2007). "Comments on the phenomena underlying pressure stimulated currents (PSC) in dielectric rock materials". Journal of Materials Science 42.
* Khan, MN; Harani, R; Ahmed, MM; Hogarth, CA (1985). Journal of Materials Science 20(6):2207.
# Cheilotoma

Cheilotoma is a genus of beetles in the subfamily Cryptocephalinae of the leaf beetles family.

## List of species

Eight species are included in the genus, divided into two subgenera:
* Subgenus Cheilotoma Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836
** Cheilotoma beldei Kasap, 1984
** Cheilotoma cankiriensis Özdikmen & Bal, 2016
** Cheilotoma erythrostoma Faldermann, 1837
** Cheilotoma fulvicollis Sahlberg, 1913
** Cheilotoma musciformis (Goeze, 1777)
** Cheilotoma rotroui Kocher, 1961
** Cheilotoma voriseki Medvedev et Kantner, 2003
* Subgenus Exaesiognatha Jacobson, 1923
** Cheilotoma ivanovi Jacobson, 1923
# Crambus puccinii

Crambus puccinii is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Graziano Bassi in 2000. It is found in Sudan.