OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# City of Waco

City of Waco was an American steamship which sank with much loss of life on November 9, 1875, in the Gulf of Mexico off Galveston, Texas.

## Ship history

The ship was built in 1873 by John Roach & Sons at their Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works in Chester, Pennsylvania for the Mallory Line of New York City. She made twenty voyages between New York and Galveston before she sank.
On the afternoon of November 8, 1875, the ship arrived off Galveston, but heavy weather made it impossible to enter the port, so the ship hove to offshore and waited for the storm to subside. Shortly before midnight a fire broke out aboard, rapidly engulfing the ship, which burned down to the waterline before sinking with the loss of all 56 crew and passengers.
An investigation into the tragedy discovered that the ship had nine hundred 5 US gal (19 L) cans of Astral lamp oil stored on deck, in direct contravention of maritime regulations which forbade the transport of such a dangerous cargo on a passenger ship.
The wreck was broken up with explosives in 1900 to clear the entrance to the port and then largely forgotten. It was rediscovered in 2003, and explored by marine archeologists of the Texas Historical Commission.
# Christian Georg Schmorl

Christian Georg Schmorl (2 May 1861 – 14 August 1932) was a German pathologist who was a native of Mügeln in the Kingdom of Saxony.
He studied medicine at the University of Leipzig, where in 1892 he obtained his habilitation for forensic medicine. Up until 1894 he worked as an assistant under pathologist Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld at the university. For most of his career (1894-1931) he was associated with the city hospital in Dresden (Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt).
Schmorl is remembered for his work in histology and his studies of the human skeleton. He created an histological stain especially designed to show the canaliculi and lamellae in sections of bone. He also described protrusions of the intervertebral disc into the vertebral body. These protrusions are now known as Schmorl's nodes. Shortly before his death, Schmorl published Die Gesunde und Kranke Wirbelsäule (The Healthy and Sick Spine). He died from sepsis caused by an infected finger, which he nicked in the process of dissecting a spine.
In 1904 Schmorl coined the term kernicterus to describe nuclear jaundice of the basal ganglia. This condition was earlier identified in 1875 by pathologist Johannes Orth (1847-1923).
# Chad Hayes (American football)

Chad Hayes (born January 26, 1979 in Old Town, Maine) is a former American football tight end. He graduated from Old Town High School before playing football for the University of Maine Black Bears. In 2001, he was a second-team I-AA All American with Maine. Hayes went undrafted in the 2002 NFL draft but played in the National Football League in either the preseason or on the practice squad with the Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, San Diego Chargers and Tennessee Titans. Prior to the 2002 Draft, Hayes was ranked the 17th best tight end prospect, ahead of future NFL players Jeb Putzier, John Owens, Kori Dickerson and John Gilmore.
In 2003, Hayes played for the Berlin Thunder in NFL Europe and caught 12 passes for 122 yards. In 2004, Hayes competed for the Frankfurt Galaxy in NFL Europe and made 11 catches for 144 yards during the regular season. In the World Bowl XII, Hayes caught two passes for 18 yards though the Galaxy lost to the Berlin Thunder 30–24.
# Chandapur, Raebareli

Chandapur is a village in Maharajganj block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Located 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Maharajganj, the block headquarters, it historically was the seat of the Kanhpuria rajas of Chandapur. In 2011, Chandapur had a population of 2,342, in 425 households. It has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities. It has a bazar known as Sheodarshanganj, which holds markets twice per week. The village also hosts the Anna Purna Devi fair on Phalguna Badi 13, which is associated with Maha Shivaratri. Vendors bring sweets, toys and everyday items to sell at the fair.

## History

Chandapur was founded by Drigbijai Singh, the Kanhpuria raja of Simrauta, and it was the seat of the rajas of Chandapur. The old fort was originally built in an area surrounded by jungle, much of which remained at the turn of the 20th century. The 1901 census recorded Chandapur as having a population of 1,177, with Ahirs being the predominant group.
The 1961 census recorded Chandapur as comprising nine hamlets, with a total population of 787 (433 male and 354 female) in 193 households and 185 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 908 acres (367 ha) and it had a post office and a medical practitioner at that time.
The 1981 census recorded Chandapur as having a population of 1,356 in 280 households and having an area of 382.43 hectares (945.0 acres).
# Di Vittorio

Di Vittorio is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with this surname include:
* Baldina Di Vittorio (1920–2015), Italian politician
* Giuseppe Di Vittorio (1892–1957), Italian syndicalist and communist politician
* Salvatore Di Vittorio (born 1967), Italian composer and conductor
* Carlo Roberti de' Vittori (1605–1673), Roman Catholic cardinal
# Bradarac

Bradarac may refer to the following villages in Serbia:
* Bradarac (Aleksinac), municipality of Aleksinac
* Bradarac (Požarevac), municipality of Požarevac
# Chittora

Chittora is a village and revenue block (ILRC) in Phagi Tehsil in Jaipur district, Rajasthan.
Based on a 2011 census, Chittora has a total population of 3,170 (53.53% male, 46.47% female) distributed among 392 households. The total area of the village is 23.69 km$^2$.
# Elisabeth Hamilton Friermood

Elisabeth Hamilton Friermood (December 30, 1903 – March 25, 1992) was an American storyteller, librarian, and author of historical fiction for young adult readers.
Friermood (née Elisabeth Hamilton) was born in Marion, Indiana, to parents Burr Hamilton (a firefighter) and Etta Hale Hamilton. In 1928, she married Harold T. Friermood, author of The YMCA Guide to Adult Fitness. She and her husband collaborated on an autobiography, Frier and Elisabeth, which was published in 1979.
Friermood's experience as a children's librarian (in the Marion Public Library and the Dayton Public Library) inspired several of her characters. Her historical fiction was extremely well researched, and included books set in the Midwest in the 1800s describing pioneer life, the Spanish American war, the Underground Railroad, and two books about the Wabash River. She also contributed articles and stories to Horn Book Magazine, Story Parade and Seashore Press publications. Her works were published by Doubleday.

## Selected works

* The Wabash Knows the Secret (1951)
* Geneva Summer: A Romance of College Camp (1952) OCLC 1652990
* Hoosier heritage (1954)
* Candle in the Sun (1955)
* That Jones Girl (1956) OCLC 300889
* Jo Allen's Predicament (1959)
* Head High, Ellen Brody (1958) (nominated for the Sequoyah Book Award in 1960)
* Promises in the Attic (1960) OCLC 426968
* The luck of Daphne Tolliver (1961)
* Ballad of Calamity Creek (1962)
* The wild Donahues (1963)
* Whispering Willows (1964)
* Doc Dudley's Daughter (1965)
* Molly's Double Rainbow (1966)
* Circus Sequins (1968)
* Focus the bright land (awarded the Ohioana Book Award for Children's Literature in 1968)
* Peppers' Paradise (1969)
* One of Fred's Girls (1970)
* Frier and Elisabeth, sportsman and storyteller (1979) (published by Vantage Press)
# Diphasium

Diphasium is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodioideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into Lycopodium, others include it in Diphasiastrum. Diphasium species are mostly native to the temperate southern hemisphere, but extend northwards into Central America and the Caribbean.

## Species

As of June 2024, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized the following species:
* Diphasium gayanum (J.Rémy) Holub
* Diphasium jussiaei (Desv. ex Poir.) Rothm.
* Diphasium lawessonianum (B.Øllg.) B.Øllg.
* Diphasium scariosum (G.Forst.) Rothm.
# Bob McGee

Robert Henri Alphonse McGee (born 1953 in Otter Lake, Quebec) is a poet who was active in the 1970s Montreal literary scene. He worked in construction at the Olympic Games site and was a member of the Heavy Equipment Operators Union. He has been included in compilations with the Montreal Vehicule Poets: 10 Poetry Readings: 10 Montreal Poets at the Cegeps (Delta, 1975) and Montreal English Poetry of the 70s (Véhicule Press, 1977).

## Publications
### Poetry

* 3 Dozen Sonnets & Fast Drawings. Montreal, QC: Véhicule Press, 1973.
# Chris Stokes

Chris Stokes may refer to:
* Chris Stokes (footballer) (born 1991), English footballer
* Chris Stokes (bobsledder) (born 1963), Jamaican bobsledder
* Chris Stokes (filmmaker) (born 1969), American record producer, manager, and film director
# Chandrugonda

Chandrugonda is a village in Chandrugonda mandal in Bhadradri Kothagudem district of Telangana, India.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian census, the demographic details of Chandrugonda village are:-
* Total population: 6,822 in 1,803 households
* Male population: 3,382 and female population: 3,440 giving a ratio of 1017
* Children under 6-years of age: 655 = 9.6% of the population
* Literacy rate = 62.56% - below the state average of 67.02%
# Chandanwadi

Chandanwadi may refer to:
* Chandanwadi, Thane, a neighbourhood in Thane city, Maharashtra, India
* Chandanwadi, Mumbai, a neighbourhood in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
# Christian Reinsch

Christian Reinsch (1934 – October 8, 2022) was a German mathematician who worked in the area of numerical analysis.
Reinsch began studying physics in 1953 at the Technical University of Munich, graduating in 1958. He received his doctorate in 1961 studying under Heinz Maier-Leibnitz.
Among other things, he worked in the area of numerical linear algebra and interpolation with spline functions. Several of his works have over two thousand citations each. Reinsch died on October 8, 2022.

## Selected works

* Wilkinson, John H.; Reinsch, C. (23 August 2014). Handbook for Automatic Computation. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-86942-6.
* Golub, G. H.; Reinsch, C. (1970). "Singular value decomposition and least squares solutions" (PDF). Numerische Mathematik. 14 (5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 403–420. doi:10.1007/bf02163027. ISSN 0029-599X. S2CID 123532178.
* Reinsch, Christian H. (1967). "Smoothing by spline functions". Numerische Mathematik. 10 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 177–183. doi:10.1007/bf02162161. ISSN 0029-599X. S2CID 26555189.
* Reinsch, Christian H. (1971). "Smoothing by spline functions. II". Numerische Mathematik. 16 (5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 451–454. doi:10.1007/bf02169154. ISSN 0029-599X. S2CID 189777664.
* DAUNER, HERBERT; REINSCH, CHRISTIAN H. (1989). "An Analysis of Two Algorithms for Shape-Preserving Cubic Spline Interpolation". IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis. 9 (3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 299–314. doi:10.1093/imanum/9.3.299. ISSN 0272-4979.
# Charles Knapp

Charles Knapp is the name of:
* Charles Knapp (cricketer) (1845-1927), New Zealand cricketer
* Charles Knapp (scholar) (1868–1936), classical American scholar
* Charles Knapp (congressman) (1797–1880), member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
* Charles J. Knapp (1845–1916), his son, member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
* Charles Boynton Knapp (born 1946), president of the University of Georgia
* Charles L. Knapp (1847–1929), member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
* Charles Knapp (geographer) (1855-1921), French teacher and founder of the Neuchâtel geographical society.
# Distorted World

Distorted World is a Russian darkwave/industrial band formed in 2010.

## Biography

Distorted World was founded in 2010 in Moscow as a side-project by former keyboardist of Anthracitic Moths, Ivan M. A year later, Angelina L. entered the project with her vocals. To date, the band have released the albums Between the Strophes (2012, Artificial Sun) and Shadow Empire (2014, Insane Records), the single "Personal Necropolis" (2013, Artificial Sun) and the web EP Drowning (2016, Insane Records). Its music is gothic-industrial and includes harsh male and clean female vocals, synthesizers, orchestrations, analog basslines and a strong mid-tempo beat.

## Band members

* Ivan M. - vocals, lyrics
* Angelina L. - vocals, lyrics

## Discography
### Albums

* 2012: Between the Strophes (Artificial Sun)
* 2014: Shadow Empire (Insane Records)
* 2017: Storm and Silence (Insane Records)

### Singles and EPs

* 2013: "Personal Necropolis" (Artificial Sun)
* 2016: Drowning (web EP) (Insane Records)

### Compilation appearances

* 2012: V/A - Infraschall Vol. 2
* 2012: V/A - Mister S's Hidden Corners of Mind
* 2013: V/A – Russian Industrial Tribute to Die Krupps
* 2013: V/A - (Ae)quilibrium v4.0
* 2013: V/A - Digital Recovery Part 7
* 2014: V/A - Elektrozorn Vol. I
* V/A - Infraschall Vol. 6
* 2015: V/A – Terror Night Vol. 1 Industrial Madness
* 2015: V/A - Post-Cyberpunk 2015 (Cyberpunk.Argentina.Netlabel)
* 2015: V/A - Side-Line, Face the Beat: Session 3
* 2016: V/A - Hellektro Compilation 1 (Hellektro Records)
# Chris Mattmann

Chris Mattmann (born October 29, 1980) is an American data scientist currently working as the Principal Data Scientist and Chief Technology and Innovation Officer in the Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. He is also the manager of JPL's Open Source Applications office. Mattmann was formerly Chief Architect in the Instrument and Data Systems section at the laboratory.
Mattmann graduated from the University of Southern California (USC) in 2007 with a PhD in Computer Science studying with Dr. Nenad Medvidović and he went on to invent Apache Tika with Jérôme Charron. Apache Tika is a widely used software framework for content detection and analysis. Mattmann later wrote a book about the framework titled Tika in Action with Jukka Zitting, which is published by Manning Publications.
Chris Mattmann's work on Tika and other projects was heavily influenced by open source both at NASA and within the academic community. After creating Tika, and helping to create other projects including Apache Nutch an open source web crawler and the predecessor to the big data platform Apache Hadoop, in May 2013 Mattmann joined the Board of Directors at the Apache Software Foundation where he served until March 2018 and held roles including Treasurer, Vice Chairman, and Vice President of the Legal Affairs Committee.
During this time, Chris worked to apply open source principles to data management problems inspired by his work at NASA in Earth and Planetary science, and in engineering. Mattmann maintained an affiliation with USC as an Adjunct Associate Professor and in order to continue to do research on open source and data management, he created the Information Retrieval and Data Science Group (IRDS). IRDS includes diverse students in the areas of data science, information retrieval and informatics and the group exists within USC's Viterbi School of Engineering. The focus of the group is on cross disciplinary data and content analysis work applied to the science, business, engineering and information technology (IT) domains.
At NASA, Mattmann's work has been applied to a number of space missions including Orbiting Carbon Observatory 1/2, NPP Sounder PEATE, and the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Earth science missions. Mattmann was also one of the principal developers of the Object Oriented Data Technology platform, an open source data management system framework originally developed by NASA JPL and then donated to the Apache Software Foundation.
More recently, Chris has been focused on Dark Web and automated data processing technologies and has been leading research teams working with DARPA and NASA JPL on the Memex project. This project involves data discovery and dissemination from the Dark Web.
# Chandra Karunaratne

Chandra Amarakone Karunaratne is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.
In 1989 she was elected to the seat of Badulla, representing the United National Party. She served as the Minister of State of Women's Affairs
# Electoral firsts in Romania

Electoral firsts in Romania.

## Women
### Kingdom

* Mayor – Luiza Zavloschi, (Buda) – 1930

### People's Republic

* Minister of Health - Florica Bagdasar - 1946
* Minister of Foreign Affairs – Ana Pauker – 1947
* Minister of Social Affairs – Stella Ernestu – 1952
* First Deputy Prime Minister – Elena Ceauşescu – 1980

### Republic

* Minister of Education- Ecaterina Andronescu – 2000
* Minister of Justice – Monica Macovei – 2004
* Prefect (of Bucharest) – Mioara Mantale – 2004
* President of the Chamber of Deputies – Roberta Anastase – 2008
* Minister of Tourism – Elena Udrea – 2008
* European Commissioner for Regional Policy – Corina Crețu – 2014
* Prime Minister – Viorica Dăncilă – 2018
* President of the Senate – Anca Dragu – 2020
# Diary (stationery)

In stationery, a diary (UK and Commonwealth English), datebook, daybook, appointment book, planner or agenda (American English) is a small book contained a main diary section with a space for each day of the year with room for notes, a calendar. Usually, various pages at the beginning and end contained various pieces of reference information, which may include maps and telephone codes, and pages for a short address book at the end. Most diaries are pre-printed for a specific year on the cover. With each day's space, they were able to be printed with the day of the week. However, diaries that can be used for any year are also produced. Page-marker ribbons are commonly included. The US Customs official definition of a diary is: "A book prepared for keeping a daily record, or having spaces with printed dates for daily memoranda and jottings; also applied to calendars containing daily memoranda on matters of importance to people generally, or to members of a particular profession, occupation, or pursuit".
The main different sizes produced are the small pocket diary and larger desk diary, both of which come in many different sizes. Any size may be referred to as an appointment diary, especially larger diaries with pre-printed lines for each period in the day, as in the picture above. A large variety of layout formats are sold, including:
* page per day
* week per view/opening
* week per page
* month per view/opening
Often, as in the diary pictured above, weekend days are given less space than workdays. Small calendars of the current month, and if there is room, previous and following months at the bottom of the page are also typical.
Most diaries run from January to December, but school or academic diaries, also known as "mid-year" diaries, run for twelve months from shortly before the beginning of the school or academic year. Many diaries are themed for different interest groups, and contain relevant reference information to that interest. Others are given as gifts by businesses. Especially in diaries for children or young people, many are now branded for fictional characters, authors, recording artists or magazines.
The British stationery business now called the Letts Filofax Group Ltd produced the world's first pre-printed diary in 1812, calling it the "Commercial Diary". Printed diaries now is competing with loose-leaf personal organizers and various electronic forms of diary functions on personal computers, personal digital assistants and mobile telephones.
# Esta Nesbitt

Esther "Esta" Nesbitt, born as Esther Feuerman (1918–1975), was an American illustrator, xerox artist, filmmaker, and educator. Between the 1940s until the 1960s, Nesbitt actively led a career as a fashion illustrator for leading magazines and newspapers including Harpers Bazaar, Mademoiselle, and the New York Times Magazine. In the 1960s she began experimenting with fine art, in multidisciplines and with xerox art.

## Biography

Esther Feuerman was born 19 November 1918 in New York City, New York. Nesbitt studied at the Traphagen School of Fashion, graduating 1937 in Illustration, working primarily in fashion illustration. She continued her studies at Columbia University, and New York University (NYU).
She was married to designer and sculptor, Saul Nesbitt (1920–1993). Between 1964 until 1974, Nesbitt was a professor at the Parson’s School of Design.
Starting in the 1960s she started to experiment with fine art, and by 1966 she was exhibiting her art. In the 1960s and 1970s, Nesbitt was one of the earliest artists experimenting with xerox art. She invent three xerography techniques, named transcapsa, photo-transcapsa, and chromacapsa. Nesbitt worked closely with Anibal Ambert and Merle English at Xerox Corporation and the company sponsored her art research from 1970 until 1972.
She died on 30 November 1975 in New York City, New York.
Her work is featured in various public art museum and library collections including, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Brooklyn Museum, Archives of American Art, National Museum of American History, Digital Public Library of America, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Frances Neady collection at Fashion Institute of Technology, among others.
# Charles Coventry

Charles Coventry may refer to:
* Charles Coventry (British Army officer) (1867–1929), English cricketer and British Army officer
* Charles Coventry (Zimbabwean cricketer) (born 1983), Zimbabwean cricketer
* Charles Coventry (umpire) (1958–2011), Zimbabwean cricket umpire
# Berghem

Berghem (older spelling: Berchem) is a town in the Dutch municipality of Oss. It is located about 4 km northeast of Oss itself.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1286 as Berchem, and means "settlement on a hill".
The Catholic St Willibrordus Church has been built between 1900 and 1903 adjacent to a 15th-century tower. The medieval structure was replaced in 1858, but burnt down in 1895.
Berghem was home to 1,906 people in 1804. Until 1994, Berghem was a separate municipality, when it was merged into Oss.

## Gallery

* Berghem, church: Sint Willibrorduskerk
* Heath Groot Ganzenven
* Apartment building
* Clergy house
# Disgregus

Disgregus bezarki is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Disgregus. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2009.
# Christina Confalonieri

Christina Confalonieri (Korean: 크리스티나 콘팔로니에리; born March 12, 1981) is an Italian-born South Korean broadcaster and radio host. She moved to Seoul from Milano and studied Korean at KHU Institute of International Education. She appeared on a Korean talk show, A Chat with Beauties, and has been a member of Global Talk Show since 2007. She is adjunct professor of Department of Law in Catholic University of Korea. She is the co-host of the radio show 입에서 톡-이탈리아어 broadcast by EBS FM. She has been the head of Yeoksam Global Village Center since 2008. She has been a special guest in the final episode of the ninth season of Pechino Express.

## Publications

* 크리스티나처럼 (2008) ISBN 9788993418033