OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daga Province

Daga Province (Dzongkha: དར་དཀར་; Wylie: dar-dkar) was one of the nine historical Provinces of Bhutan.
Daga Province occupied lands in west-central Bhutan. It was administered from the town of Daga. The ruling governor was known as the Penlop of Daga, or Dagab. Real power, however, rested in the hands of the Penlop of Paro, the dominant lord of western Bhutan.$^{:203}$$^{:141}$

## History

Under Bhutan's early theocratic dual system of government, decreasingly effective central government control resulted in the de facto disintegration of the office of Shabdrung after the death of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1651. Under this system, the Shabdrung reigned over the temporal Druk Desi and religious Je Khenpo. Two successor Shabdrungs – the son (1651) and stepbrother (1680) of Ngawang Namgyal – were effectively controlled by the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo until power was further splintered through the innovation of multiple Shabdrung incarnations, reflecting speech, mind, and body. Increasingly secular regional lords (penlops and dzongpons) competed for power amid a backdrop of civil war over the Shabdrung and invasions from Tibet, and the Mongol Empire. The penlops of Trongsa and Paro, and the dzongpons of Punakha, Thimphu, and Wangdue Phodrang were particularly notable figures in the competition for regional dominance. During this period, there were a total of nine provinces and eight penlops vying for power.
Traditionally, Bhutan comprised nine provinces: Trongsa, Paro, Punakha, Wangdue Phodrang, Daga (also Taka, Tarka, or Taga), Bumthang, Thimphu, Kurtoed (also Kurtoi, Kuru-tod), and Kurmaed (or Kurme, Kuru-mad). The Provinces of Kurtoed and Kurmaed were combined into one local administration, leaving the traditional number of governors at eight. While some lords were Penlops, others held the title Dzongpen (Dzongkha: རྗོང་དཔོན་; Wylie: rjong-dpon; also "Jongpen," "Dzongpön"); both titles may be translated as "governor."
The 10th Penlop of Trongsa Jigme Namgyel (r. 1853–1870) began consolidating power, paving the way for his son the 12th Penlop of Trongsa (and 21st Penlop of Paro) Ugyen Wangchuck to prevail in battle against all rival penlops and establish the monarchy in 1907. With the establishment of the monarchy and consolidation of power, the traditional roles of provinces, their rulers, and the dual system of government came to an end.
# Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese

Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese may refer to:
* Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese of Tirana-Durrës, the principal diocese of Albanian Orthodox Church
* Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America, a diocese of the Orthodox Church in America
# Dorothy Quick

Dorothy Gertrude Quick Mayer (September 1, 1896 – March 15, 1962) was an American novelist and poet.

## Early life

Dorothy Gertrude Quick was born on September 1, 1896, in Brooklyn, the only child of Henry Stanhope Quick Jr. (1867–1935) and Emma Gertrude Aaron (1875–1942). She attended the Plainfield Seminary in Plainfield, New Jersey.
As a child, Quick met celebrated author Mark Twain aboard the SS Minnetonka en route to America in the summer of 1907. They formed a friendship on the vessel, playing numerous games of shuffleboard – which Twain called "horse billiards", and appointed her his "business manager". Their friendship even spawned numerous newspaper stories upon landing in New York, and continued through numerous visits and letters over the next three years, with Twain encouraging and advising Quick on her wish to become an author. For her birthday in 1907, Twain sent her a telegram that read:
   I tried to get some elephants for your birthday but they charge ten thousand dollars apiece, 3 for twenty-five thousand, I can get one elephant & sixteen hundred monkeys for the same money if you prefer.
Twain died in 1910. Near the end of her life, Quick published Enchantment: A Little Girl's Friendship With Mark Twain (1961), republished as Mark Twain and Me (1999). Her story was later dramatized as the film Mark Twain and Me (1991) with Jason Robards as Twain and Amy Stewart as Quick.

## Career

Much of Quick's work was in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, or horror, starting with the story "Scented Gardens" in Oriental Stories in 1932. She was one of the most frequent contributors of short stories and poems in Weird Tales starting in the 1930s, including the story "Strange Orchids", about a carnivorous plant that consumes a woman from the inside out. Her series of "Patchwork Quilt" stories about a quilt which conveys the user through time, appeared in Unknown in 1939 and 1940. She wrote a planetary romance novel, Strange Awakening (1938), about a woman transported to Venus who helps a rebel prince overthrow a tyrannical psychic mind that rules the planet.
She wrote fifteen books of both poetry and novels, including numerous mystery novels. The Fifth Dagger (1947) was the first of a series of cozy mystery novels featuring Diana Blakeley and her husband, psychologist Allen Blakeley.
In 1925 she married John Adams Mayer. He died in 1940. Dorothy Gertrude Quick Mayer died on March 15, 1962, in East Hampton, New York.
# Certificated enforcement agent

A certificated enforcement agent is a person appointed under Part 3 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 in England and Wales, who may take control of goods and sell them to pay an amount of money when order to do so by a court. Until 2014, they were known as "certificated bailiffs".

## History

The Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 significantly reformed the process for taking control of goods in order to recover debts owed as a result of court judgments. This process requires a person to be an "enforcement agent" in order to exercise the powers it provides. Under section 63 of the Act, a person is an enforcement agent if they hold a certificate issued by a court (a "certificated enforcement agent"). In addition, police constables, court officers, officers of Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs and people authorised to act on behalf of the Welsh Revenue Authority, and officers of government departments can act as enforcement agents without needing to hold a certificate. The Act therefore abolished the role of a "non-certificated bailiff", and "certificated bailiffs" became certificated enforcement agents.

## Certification

A person may acquire a certificate to act as an enforcement agent under a procedure laid down by the Certification of Enforcement Agents Regulations 2014. This involves making an application to the County Court. A judge then considers the application and issues a certificate if he is satisfied that the person:
* is a fit and proper person to hold a certificate;
* possesses sufficient knowledge of the law and procedure relating to powers of enforcement by taking control of goods and of commercial rent arrears recovery to be competent to exercise those powers;
* has lodged a security of £10,000, in case he is required to pay any costs, fees or fines, or compensation for improperly exercising his office, and
* is not involved in buying debts (debt collection).
Once issued, the name of the enforcement agent is added to the national register, and their certificate is valid for two years, following which it must be re-applied for.

## Role

The functions of an enforcement agent are laid down by the Taking Control of Goods Regulations 2013. The regulations reformed the ancient law of distress (distraint), providing a set of codified, written rules concerning the process used for taking control of goods and, if necessary, their sale at auction to recover amounts of money owed by debtors.
# Branscum

Branscum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Branscum, American politician
* Eric Branscum (born 1984), American screenwriter
* Josh Branscum (born 1982), American politician
* Robbie Branscum (1934–1997), American author
# Charlbury Museum

Charlbury Museum is a local museum in the town of Charlbury, Oxfordshire, England. The museum and collections are organized and run by the Charlbury Society, which was founded in 1949.
The museum's displays present traditional crafts and industries of the town, including maps and photographs. The collection was started in 1949 and the museum opened in the current building in 1962. The museum's collections are housed in five rooms including a newer entrance that was added in 2002. The galleries include exhibits of 19th-century costumes, fossils, prehistoric objects, and Romano-British artifacts. On the walls are pictures, shop/inn signs, local maps, and posters. There are copies of books by local authors, including Cornbury and the Forest of Wychwood by Vernon Watney. Items from local industries such as glove-making are on display. Such industry was a feature of Charlbury for several centuries; the last factory closed in 1968. Also presented are a blacksmith's forge including bellows and a portable anvil, together with displays of tools used by carpenters, farmers, thatchers, and watchmakers. The museum has a garden, which was the site of the Star Inn, demolished in 1910. There is a lawn with flowerbeds.
# Constitutional Amendment 2

Constitutional Amendment 2 may refer to:
* 1998 Hawaii Amendment 2
* 2004 Missouri Amendment 2
# Ammi and William Wright House

The Ammi and William Wright House is a single family home located at 207 Garden Lane in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## History

Ammi W. Wright was born and raised on his father's farm in New England. In 1851, he came to Saginaw, and began investing in what was then a frontier town. In 1854, he constructed this house for his family. Over the next two decades, Wright invested in a series of sawmills and other businesses, and his fortunes grew with the fortunes of the city. In 1878, with his wife's health failing, Wright moved to Sarasota, New York, and turned his Saginaw business interestes over to his brother William. William Wright lived in the 1854 home until his death, when it was deeded to his children Harriet and Robert, who also lived there.

## Description

The Wright House is a two-story, T-shaped farmhouse with elaborate vernacular Italianate detail. It has a tall front tower with a pedimented roofline. Tall one-over-one double hung sash window units have carved enframements. The house also has a bay window, and a front porch with a standing seam metal roof. A small carriage house which was adjacent to the home has been made into a dining room addition.
# Cherokee County

Cherokee County is the name of eight counties in the United States:
* Cherokee County, Alabama
* Cherokee County, Georgia
* Cherokee County, Iowa
* Cherokee County, Kansas
* Cherokee County, North Carolina
* Cherokee County, Oklahoma
* Cherokee County, South Carolina
* Cherokee County, Texas
# D Album

D Album is the fourth studio album of the Japanese group KinKi Kids. It was released on December 13, 2000. Debuting at the top of the Oricon charts, the album sold 354,830 copies in its first week.
# Alan D. Berenbaum Distinguished Service Award

The Association for Computing Machinery SIGARCH Alan D. Berenbaum Distinguished Service Award is given for outstanding service in the field of computer architecture and design.

## Recipients

Source: ACM
* 2022 – David A. Wood
* 2022 – Kathryn S. McKinley
* 2021 – Per Stenström
* 2020 – Alvin R. Lebeck
* 2019 – Margaret Martonosi
* 2018 – Koen De Bosschere
* 2016 – Michael Flynn
* 2014 – Doug DeGroot
* 2013 – Norman P. Jouppi
* 2011 – David A. Patterson
* 2010 – Mary Jane Irwin
* 2009 – Mark D. Hill
* 2008 – Alan Berenbaum
# Dorothy Purdew

Dorothy Rose Sanders Purdew (4 March 1932 – 5 September 2023) was a British businesswoman who was recognized for her role in the development and management of the Champneys spa chain.

## Early life and family

Purdew was born on 4 March 1932, in Clapham, South London to working class parents. Her mother, May, descended from a Liverpool docker lineage, and her father, Dickie, an orphan, was raised in a workhouse before becoming a labourer and plumber. The family moved to Harrow when she was five years old and lived in rented rooms in South Harrow. During World War II, Dorothy was evacuated to a farm in Wiltshire, while her father served in North Africa and her mother worked in an ammunition factory. Her formal education concluded at 14 due to financial constraints.

## Career

After leaving school at 14, Purdew worked in a dress-making factory. Following a personal weight loss experience with Weight Watchers in her late 30s, Sanders founded her own slimming club, WeightGuard. Later in life, she attempted to establish a health spa at Thornby Hall in 1978, but faced financial challenges that led to voluntary liquidation.
In 1981, Purdew acquired Henlow Grange, a pre-existing health farm in Bedfordshire, which she developed into a spa. Under her leadership, and in collaboration with her son Stephen, several more spa locations were opened, including Springs in Leicestershire and Forest Mere in Hampshire.
In 2002, the Purdews acquired Champneys spa at Tring in Hertfordshire, leading to the rebranding of their establishments under the Champneys name.
Sanders was awarded an OBE in 2008 for her contributions to the wellness industry. She authored an autobiography, The Long Road to Champneys, in 2010.

## Controversy

The business strategy of offering celebrities reduced rates for stays became controversial in 2011 when Sir Paul Stephenson resigned as the Metropolitan Police commissioner following a complimentary stay at Champneys Tring.
# Cercle Solleric

The Cercle Solleric (in Spanish Círculo Sollerense) is a sporting and cultural association. It was founded in 1899 in Sóller (Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain).

## Facility

* The building of the Cercle Solleric on the Plaça de la Constitució in SóllerGround floor: cafe and restaurant
* First floor: library room, card playing room
* Second floor: cinema and television room, carom billiards room
* Third floor: chess room

## Sport sections

* Athletics
* Chess
* Women's football
* Futsal
* Mountain climbing and hiking
# Bowling Green Township, Pettis County, Missouri

Bowling Green Township is an inactive township in Pettis County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Bowling Green Township takes its name from Bowling Green, Kentucky, the native home of a first settler.
# Coop (Netherlands)

Coop Supermarkten is a supermarket chain founded in 1891 in Zaandam, Netherlands. It is named after the cooperative aspects of the company. In 2001, the company merged with wholesale purchaser Codis to form CoopCodis. In 2009, the name was changed again, from CoopCodis to Coop Supermarkten. Coop Supermarkten takes part in the Dutch wholesale purchasing cooperative Superunie.
In the last few years, the company launched a new type of store called Supercoop: these large stores are placed in areas where there is usually a lot of competition from other chains and they are seen as a response to the Dutch price war among supermarkets. With these new stores, the colours that the chain used were gradually changed from red and blue to orange, red and grey. The (new) logo is the store brand (Coop, Supercoop, or CoopCompact) in orange with a big red striking arc under it.
Their market share in 2013 was around 2.8 percent.
The company has a customer loyalty card, called "Coop Klantenkaart" in Dutch.
On 6 September 2021 it was announced the supermarket chains PLUS and Coop have reached an agreement on a merger. The stores will continue under the name Plus, the name Coop will disappear. The combined organization is expected to become operational early next year.

## Store brands

Coop Supermarkten is a cooperation of 242 supermarkets (on 2015-01-01):
* 36 price-aggressive large supermarkets under the name Supercoop, usually located in populated areas with a lot of competition.
* 60 smaller supermarkets under the name CoopCompact.
* Over 140 normal stores under the name Coop. A bit more expensive than their big brothers, these are usually located in rural areas where there is not a lot of competition.
* Several other stores, operated by franchisers under a different name (not using one of the Coop store formats).
# Blood and Roses (disambiguation)

Blood and Roses is a 1960 Roger Vadim film involving vampirism.
Blood and Roses also may refer to:
* Blood and Roses (book), related to the Wars of the Roses, by Helen Castor and based on 15th-century letters
* "Blood and Roses" (song) by The Smithereens
# American literature (disambiguation)

American literature is the literature written or produced in the area of the US and its preceding colonies.
American literature may also refer to:
* American Literature (journal) (established 1929), a literary journal
* Inter-American literature, the comparative study of authors and texts from all the Americas
* American literature (academic discipline), an academic discipline devoted to the study of American literature
# Chesterfield (1806 ship)

Chesterfield was launched in 1806 at Portland. She served from November 1806 to her capture in October 1811, as a Post Office Packet Service packet, sailing between Weymouth and the Channel Islands. A French privateer captured her at the end of October 1811 in "a spirited but ineffectual" single ship action. She then became a French privateer that made several captures before the Royal Navy recaptured her.

## Career

Captain Starr Wood took command of Chesterfield. From November 1806 to her capture in October 1811, she sailed between Weymouth and the Channel Islands.
On 17 June 1810, Chesterfield rescued five boys who were in a small boat that was drifting towards the rocks off Guernsey. The boys had sailed to Herm. When they set out to return their boat was unable to handle the currents, which were carrying them towards rocks.
At about 11a.m. on 12 January 1811, Chesterfield sailed from Guernsey, bound for Weymouth. At about 6p.m. she encountered a French privateer that was cruising between Guernsey and Jersey. At 8:30 the privateer, which had 14 guns and a large complement, came within 50 yards. Wood fired a broadside, at which the privateer sheered off.
Capture: Lloyd's List reported that a French privateer lugger had captured Earl of Chesterfield off Alderney as Earl of Chesterfield was sailing to Guernsey. Other reports give the vessel's name as Chesterfield. The privateer was Epruvier (Epervier), of 14 guns and 50 men, sailing out of Cherbourg.
Wood succeeded in sinking Chesterfield's mails and dispatches before she was captured. In the engagement, one passenger was killed and several of her crew were wounded. The Post Office paid Wood £1,626 in compensation. He used the money to purchase another vessel, which he named Chesterfield.

## French privateer

Chesterfield became the Cherbourg privateer L'Aigle. She was commissioned in 1811. She was armed with 14 guns and had a crew of 61 men under the command of Captain Alexandre William Black.
In 1812, L'Aigle, Captain Black, captured the ships Beaver and Pivert. Beaver, Beveridge, master, had been sailing from Mogador to London when she was captured on 1 March. She arrived on 4 March at Cherbourg. French sources report that the English vessel Peavert, of 130 tons (bm), arrived in Cherbourg in March. She was carrying a cargo of leather and sweet almonds.
On 1 May L'Aigle captured Eliza, Cole, for the second time. The schooner Arrow later drove Eliza ashore on the French coast, where she was destroyed.
On 7 May 1812, L'Aigle sailed from Bennodet, near Quimper.
On 10 May 1812 HMS Sybille captured Aigle at 49°6′N 8°22′W﻿ / ﻿49.100°N 8.367°W﻿ / 49.100; -8.367. Aigle had thrown eight of her 14 guns overboard while trying to escape Sybille. Aigle was three days out of Bennodet, near Quimper, and had earlier captured the brig Alicia Hill as Alicia was sailing from Bristol to Gibraltar.Aigle had captured Alicia Hill, Le Brun, master, at 48°26′N 9°58′W﻿ / ﻿48.433°N 9.967°W﻿ / 48.433; -9.967. Aigle arrived at Cork on 15 July.
# Alberta Central Railway Museum

The Alberta Central Railway Museum is a railway museum located south-east of the City of Wetaskiwin, in Central Alberta, Canada. The main building was designed as a scaled-down version of the City's 1907 Canadian Pacific Railway depot. The depot includes a waiting room, baggage room and telegraph office, as well as exhibits and railroad artifacts. Railroad equipment includes locomotives, a sleeper car, passenger coach, freight equipment, cabooses, freight cars and a snowplough. Attractions include a model train layout of the original Wetaskiwin railyard. The museum also features a 1906 Alberta Grain Co. grain elevator which was moved from Hobbema. The elevator is known to be Alberta's second-oldest grain elevator in the Province. Rides are given on a one-mile loop of track.
# Doug McAvoy

Doug McAvoy (2 January 1939 – 12 May 2019) was a British trade union leader. He was General Secretary of the National Union of Teachers from 1989 to 2004.
A teacher, McAvoy was secretary of Newcastle-upon-Tyne NUT and became a member of the National Executive of the Union in 1970. He was appointed Deputy General-Secretary designate in 1974, a post he held until 1989, when he became the first directly elected General Secretary.
# Contributione facienda

In English law, contributione facienda is a writ which lies where several persons are jointly bound to the same thing, and one or more of them refuse to contribute their share.
For example, if tenants in common, or joint, hold a mill pro indiviso, and equally share the profits thereof; the mill falling to decay, and one or more of them refusing to contribute to its reparation, the rest shall have this writ to compel them.
# Blood and Roses (song)

"Blood and Roses" is a song by the American alternative rock group The Smithereens. It is the first single released in support of their debut album Especially for You.

## Background

DiNizio explained of the song's origin, "I was walking home from my job as soundman at NYC's legendary Folk City nightclub through the freezing rain at about four in the morning when the bass line came to me, the chords and melody came later built around the bass part." Lyrically, the song is about a girl DiNizio knew in highschool, who took her own life. The title was taken from a short story of the same name by the Japanese writer Yukio Mishima, a literary hero of DiNizio's. "I found out years later that Blood and Roses was also the title of an obscure early 1960s horror film directed by Roger Vadim", DiNizio said.

## Release

"Blood and Roses" was released as the first single from the band's debut album, Especially for You. The single reached number 14 on the US Mainstream Rock Charts as well as number 99 in Australia. The song was released with a music video that features clips of the band interspersed with clips from the 1986 film Dangerously Close.

## Formats and track listing

All songs written by Pat DiNizio, except where noted.

### US 7" single (B-75002)

* "Blood and Roses" – 3:35
* "Behind the Wall of Sleep" – 3:04

### European 12" single (2139-7)

* "Blood and Roses" – 3:35
* "Mr. Eliminator" (Dick Dale) – 2:00
* "Beauty and Sadness" – 3:47

## Accolades

| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
| The Village Voice | United States | Singles of the Year | 1986 | 13 |
| Bruce Pollock | United States | The 7,500 Most Important Songs of 1944-2000 | 2005 | * |
| WOXY.com | United States | Modern Rock 500 Songs of All Time | 2009 | 299 |
(*) designates unordered lists.

## Charts

| Chart (1986/87) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 99 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 14 |
# Chicoine

Chicoine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dan Chicoine (born 1957), Canadian ice hockey player
* David L. Chicoine, American university administrator and businessman
* Roland A. Chicoine (1922–2016), American politician
* Sylvain Chicoine (born 1970), Canadian politician