OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alan de Multon

Alan de Multon (died 1256), Lord of Papcastle, who held lands in Cockermouth, was an English noble.
He was the second son of Thomas de Multon and Sarah de Flete. His father paid one thousand marks to the crown for the wardship of the daughters and heirs of Richard de Luci and married them to his sons. Alan died in 1256 and was succeeded by his son Thomas.

## Marriage and issue

He was married first to Alice, daughter of Richard de Luci and Ada de Morville; they are known to have had the following known issue:
* Thomas de Multon, married Isabel de Botelby, had issue. Thomas assumed the name and arms of Lucy.
* Joan de Multon, married Ralph Dacre, had issue.

## Citations

* ↑ Burke, John. A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. Henry Colburn, 1846. p. 379
# Al-Qurnaʽ

Al-Qurnaʽ (ال قرناع) is a village in south-western Yemen. It is located in the Abyan Governorate.
# Alas Purwo National Park

Alas Purwo National Park is situated on Blambangan Peninsula in the Banyuwangi Regency, at the southeastern tip of East Java province. The park is famous for its wild Banteng and surfing location at Grajagan Bay.
The park's name means first forest or ancient forest, following a Javanese legend that says the earth first emerged from the ocean here.

## Geography

The park is located in Blambangan Peninsula at the southeastern tip of Java island, along the shore of the strait across Bali.
With an area of 434 km$^2$, the park is made up of mangroves, savanna, lowland monsoon forests, and coral-fringed beaches. An internationally renowned surf break peels along the edge of the park at Plengkung on Grajagan Bay. Mount Linggamanis (322m) is also located in this national park.

## Flora and fauna

The flora protected in this national park include Terminalia catappa, Calophyllum inophyllum, Sterculia foetida, Barringtonia asiatica, and Manilkara kauki.
It is home to some of Java’s endangered species, such as the banteng (Bos javanicus). In April 2004, there were only 57 bantengs found in the savanna of Sadengan, while the population in the previous year was estimated to be 80 to 100, but in August 2010, the scientists found 73 bantengs in the 80-hectare savanna area, a big increase in 6 years, although they faced threats of poaching and loss of habitat. Herds of bantengs usually come to Sadengan in the morning and afternoon in search of plants.
The biggest threat to the bantengs are humans. Poachers set traps outside the park during the dry season to snare bantengs wandering outside the park in search of water. The bantengs are slaughtered and the meat is sold.
Other threatened animal species protected in Alas Purwo include the dhole, Javan langur, green peafowl, red junglefowl, olive ridley, hawksbill turtle, and green turtle.

## Surfing

Between the months of March and November, thousands of surfers from all over the world visit the park for its surf break. The destination is Plengkung Beach in Grajagan Bay, also known as G-Land, which is about half a day's travel from Bali.
The beach is considered one of the best surfing spots in Asia. With rideable waves up to 5 meters, it is considered a spot for experienced surfers only. The place is listed as Quicksilver World Tour Circuit.
# Albarran

Albarran may refer to:
* Albarrán, Spanish-language surname
* Pierre Albarran (1893–1960), French Olympic tennis player, and auction and contract bridge player and theorist
# Alan Hawkins

Alan Hawkins may refer to:
* Alan J. Hawkins (academic) (born 1955), American academic and professor at Brigham Young University
* Alan J. Hawkins (bishop) (born 1970), American Anglican bishop
# Alastair Dowell

Alastair McQueen Dowell (17 April 1920 – 9 April 2010) was a Scottish cricketer. Dowell was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.
Dowell made his first-class debut for Scotland against Worcestershire in 1951. Dowell represented Scotland in 2 further first-class matches against Northamptonshire in 1953 and Lancashire in 1955. In his 3 first-class matches he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 68.00.
Dowell died at Alloa, Clackmannanshire on 9 April 2010.
# Albrecht Wüstenhagen

Albrecht Wüstenhagen (19 October 1892 – 26 June 1944) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Wüstenhagen was killed near Vitebsk, Belarus on 26 June 1944 while attempting to lead a breakout commanding the 256th Infantry Division which had recently been encircled during Operation Bagration.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 2 December 1942 as Oberst and commander of Artillerie-Regiment 129
# Alberta Mennega

Alberta Maria Wilhelmina "Bep" Mennega (29 July 1912 – 20 December 2009) was a Dutch botanist renowned for her studies into the anatomy of wood and plant systematics. The standard author abbreviation Mennega is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Biography

Mennega studied biology at the Utrecht University, earning her Ph.D in 1938. In 1946, she accepted a position at the Utrecht University Botanic Gardens. The university was in need of people who were able to assess the quality of imported wood, and although her educational background was in physiology, she was retrained in wood anatomy. While working at the university, she started a world renowned wood collection. Mennega's research also contributed significately to the flora of Suriname.
Mennega retired from the university in 1977. In 1988, she founded the Alberta Mennega Foundation as a scholarship for students and researchers in the field of botany, prioritizing the funding of fieldwork in the tropics.
Botanist Erik Albert Mennega was Mennega's nephew.

## Honors

In 2007, Mennega was awarded as a knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau.
The genus Mennegoxylon and the species Salacia mennegana were named in her honor.
# Albula nemoptera

Albula nemoptera, also known as the Caribbean bonefish, threadfin bonefish, or shafted bonefish, is a species of marine fish found in the western Caribbean Sea, from Honduras west to Panama.

## Taxonomy

This is one of two species of bonefish that was largely accepted by taxonomic authorities prior to the revision of the genus, the other being A. vulpes. Previously, bonefish populations on the eastern Pacific coast from Mexico east to Panama were also included in A. nemoptera, but have since been split into a distinct species, A. pacifica.
# Alcatel One Touch 300

The Alcatel OT 300 is a discontinued, low range mobile phone created by Alcatel and was introduced in Q1 2000. It weighs 103 g (3.6 oz) and its dimensions are 109 mm × 45 mm × 22 mm (4.29 in × 1.77 in × 0.87 in), 99 cc (6.0 cu in). Its monochrome screen has a maximum resolution of 49×96 pixels and the phone includes a NiMH 650 mAh rechargeable battery giving it a standby time of 165 hours.
Related models are OT 301, OT 302 and OT 303. It's being referred as the Alcatel BE-4 on the label.
# Alcatel Micro Machining Systems

Alcatel Micro Machining Systems (AMMS) was a French manufacturer of Deep Reactive Ion Etching systems. The company's headquarters were located in Annecy, France.

## History

Alcatel Vacuum Technology, AMMS' original parent company, had a long-running business in plasma processing. Its first equipment based on an Alcatel patented Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) source, with independent source power and substrate bias control for deep etching of silicon, was launched in 1993. AMMS was created as a subsidiary in 2006 to focus on silicon etching.
Alcatel Micro Machining Systems operated until 2008, when it was sold to the Tegal Company. In 2011 SPTS acquired Tegal's DRIE assets (formerly AMMS). The deal included the transfer to SPTS of the capital stock and operations of Tegal France SAS, a wholly owned Tegal subsidiary.

## Products

The company previously manufactured DRIE systems including:
* Notching free
* Profile control
* Dry release
* Patented Sharp process: Super High Aspect Ratio
* Tapered via
* High etch rate
* V shape
* Cryo process
* Through the wafer
* High etch rate and low roughness
* High aspect ratio for 3D
* Fused Silica etching
* Low smoothness
* High aspect ratio holes
# Albuca acuminata

Albuca acuminata is a species of small, perennial, bulbous plant in the asparagus family. It is native to southern Africa from Namibia to the Cape Province of South Africa, where it occurs in rocky areas, as far east as Port Alfred.

## Description

A geophyte reaching 20–30 cm in height. The bulb usually has numerous fibres around the top, made from the persistent remnants of the leaf-tunics. The species bears 2-to-10 smooth, slender, linear, channeled leaves. The leaves are clasping at the base.
The slender peduncle terminates in a lax raceme. The flowers are drooping ('nodding') and pale yellow with broad green central stripes.
# Albert Garzia

Albert Garzia (born July 27, 1977) is a Maltese composer, musician, and music teacher. At an early age, he began his musical training as an accordionist under the tutelage of Maltese Composer Dorselle Mifsud, with whom he later studied piano performance with.
Initially an Industrial Electronics major, Garzia's fascination with music led him to pursue music composition at the University of Malta, eventually graduating with a Bachelor's degree in Music Studies alongside a diploma in Sacred Music. He would later go on to complete a Master's degree in Music at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester. At the RNCM, he met and studied with fellow musicians Adam Gorb, Paul Patterson, David Horne, and Gary Carpenter.
Garzia is a versatile musician, with his talents ranging from orchestral to chamber arrangements. A few of his piano compositions have been published for pedagogical use. He has performed in composition competitions. In addition, he has also collaborated with drama theatres, choreographers, poets, and film-directors.
Sometime in 2004, Garzia joined the Maltese modern folk sextet Walter Micallef u l-Ħbieb.
# Aldeanueva de Figueroa

Aldeanueva de Figueroa is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 23 km (14 mi) from the city of Salamanca and has a population of 284 people. The municipality is roughly 56 km$^2$ (22 sq mi).
# Alexander Bingley

Admiral Sir Alexander Noel Campbell Bingley, GCB, OBE (15 February 1905 – 28 September 1972) was a Royal Navy officer who served as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth and Allied Command Channel from 1961 to 1963.

## Naval career

Bingley joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1918.
Bingley served in the Second World War on the staff of the commander-in-chief, Home Fleet. He went on to be captain of the aircraft carrier HMS Slinger in 1943, of the aircraft carrier HMS Biter in 1944, and of the Mobile Naval Air Base HMS Nabaron in 1945.
After the war, Bingley was appointed deputy director of air warfare. He went on to be chief of staff to the flag officer (air) and then commander of the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle in 1952. He was appointed Fifth Sea Lord and deputy chief of Naval Staff (Air) in 1954 and Flag Officer, Aircraft Carriers in 1958. He was made commander-in-chief, Mediterranean Fleet and NATO commander Allied Forces Mediterranean in 1959 and then Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth and Allied Commander-in-Chief, Channel in 1961; he retired in 1963.

## Personal life

Bingley married Juliet Martin Vick in 1948. After his death she resumed her career as a social worker after a gap of 28 years, and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1970. They had three children, and lived at Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire.
# Alexander Biggar

Alexander Biggar may refer to:
* Alexander Biggar (1781–1838) of the Biggar family, prominent South African colonists
* Alexander Biggar (footballer), Scottish professional footballer
# Aleksander Petrykowski

Aleksander Petrykowski (d. 1672) was a Polish nobleman, starost of Nur and envoy to Crimea.

## Family

Kasper Niesiecki (d. 1744), a Polish heraldist, wrote his surname as Potrykowski. This version was used by some authors. Karol Szajnocha considered the version Potrykowski as the right one. However modern historians used the version Petrykowski. In biographical entires in the Polski słownik biograficzny Aleksander and his brother were described as Petrykowski (Potrykowski).
Aleksander Petrykowski was a member of the noble family, which used Paprzyca as the coat of arm.
He was son of Walerian Petrykowski. His brother was Hieronim Petrykowski, later podkomorzy of Warsaw (podkomorzy warszawski) and member of parliament (sejm walny) of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Aleksander Petrykowski was married to Helena Oleśnicka. He left three children: son Jan and two daughters, Anna, wife of Krzysztof Jarzyna, and Teofila, wife of Bogusław Hulewicz. Jan Petrykowski was later married to Lukrecja Radecka with whom got two children: son Adam and daughter Teofila.

## Life

Aleksander inherited the village Petrykozy. In 1648 he was one of electors of king Jan II Kazimierz. On August 21, 1658 he became a podstoli of Warsaw (podstoli warszawski).
In 1660 he received two king's villages in Rawa's voivodeship: Długołęka and Niedrzaków.
On August 8, 1664 he became a podczaszy of Warsaw (podczaszy warszawski). In the same year Petrykowski became a starost of Nur.
In November 1664 he sent as an envoy to the Khan.
He was sent to Khan again in August 1672 to make him a peace broker between Poland and Ottoman.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Niesiecki, p. 468.
* 1 2 Zaprzeniec z Siemuszowej Pietruski, Oswald (1845). Elektorów poczet którzy niegdyś głosowali na elektów Jana Kazimierza r. 1648, Jana III r. 1674, Augusta II r. 1697 i Stanisława r. 1764 najjaśniejszych królów polskich, wielkich książąt litewskich, i t. d., i t. d. Lwów: Nakładem Kajetana Jabłońskiego. p. 284.
* ↑ Szajnocha, Karol (1865). Przegląd krytyczny pierwszej większej połowy dzieła o stronach XLVIII 856: Jakóba Michałowskiego Księga pamiętnicza. Lwów: Nakładem Karola Wilda. p. 37-38.
* 1 2 Wójcik, p. 97.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Dzięgielewski, p. 708.
* 1 2 Dzięgielewski, Jan (1980). "Petrykowski (Potrykowski) Hieronim". Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Vol. 25. Polska Akademia Nauk & Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 709.
* ↑ Bartoszewicz, p. 152.
# Alexander Fraser, Lord Strichen

Alexander Fraser, Lord Strichen (1700–1775) was a Scottish judge and Senator of the College of Justice.

## Life

He was born at Strichen Castle in Aberdeenshire the eldest son of Alexander Strichen (1660-1699), 5th Laird of Strichen. His father died shortly before his birth. His mother died when he was eleven. Strichen Castle had been the family home since its construction in the 16th century.
He studied law and passed the bar as an advocate around 1722. On 15 June 1729 he was created a Senator of the College of Justice (at age 29 one of the youngest Senators ever) in place of the late Andrew Hume, Lord Kimmerghame.
His house in Edinburgh stood on the Royal Mile on Rosehaugh's Close (later called Strichens Close in his honour).
He died on 15 January 1775 at his country estate of Strichen.
His position as Senator was filled by Alexander Lockhart, Lord Covington.

## Family

He married Lady Lydia Ann Campbell (1692-1736) daughter of Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll and widow of James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute.
Through this marriage he became stepfather to John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, who later served as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
# Alejandro Maclean

Alejandro "Álex" Maclean (6 August 1969 – 17 August 2010) was a Spanish TV film producer and aerobatics pilot, who competed in the Red Bull Air Race World Championship under the number 36. Maclean was nicknamed "The Flying Matador".
Maclean, whose grandfather was Scottish and hence his family name, was fascinated by airplanes as a child. So, he built and collected model airplanes, and later stepped up to remote controlled planes. At the age of 18, he bought his own Ultralight. Soon, he began to try out some basic manoeuvres in his new plane. The aerobatics resulted in his first accident. Maclean later experienced two more serious air accidents during aerobatics flights.
In 2005 Maclean became captain of the Spanish aerobatics team.
He had a partnership in a TV film production company, enjoyed skydiving, flying helicopters, horse-riding and waterskiing. Maclean was married to Emma. The couple has two sons Alejandro and Eduardo.
He died on 17 August 2010, when his plane crashed into the ground, while performing a manoeuvre during a training exercise in Casarrubios del Monte, Spain.

## Achievements

* European champion in unlimited aerobatics
* The winner of 1998 Lithuanian Open Aerobatic Championship
* Two-time Spanish aerobatics champion
Alejandro Maclean at the Red Bull Air Race World Championship :
| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Points | Wins | Rank |
| 2003 | NC | DNS | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2004 | DNP | 8th | DNS | | | | | | | | | | 0 | 0 | 11th |
| 2005 | 7th | 9th | 9th | TP | 10th | 9th | 10th | | | | | | 0 | 0 | 8th |
| 2006 | 4th | 7th | DNS | CAN | 7th | 8th | 7th | DQ | 7th | | | | 3 | 0 | 9th |
| 2007 | 7th | 2nd | 5th | 4th | CAN | 7th | 4th | 7th | 8th | 8th | CAN | 4th | 16 | 0 | 6th |
| 2008 | 6th | 7th | 9th | CAN | 10th | 8th | 7th | 8th | CAN | 4th | | | 21 | 0 | 8th |
| 2009 | 8th | 10th | 10th | 11th | 7th | 10th | | | | | | | 16 | 0 | 12th |
| 2010 | 12th | 13th | 9th | 11th | 9th | 10th | CAN | CAN | | | | | 9 | 0 | 11th |
Legend:
* CAN: Cancelled
* DNP: Did not participate
* DNS: Did not show
* DQ: Disqualified
* NC: Not classified
* TP:Technical Problems
# Alexander Williams Jr.

Alexander Williams Jr. (born May 8, 1948) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland.

## Education and career

Born in Washington, D.C., Williams received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Howard University in 1970 and a Juris Doctor from Howard University School of Law in 1973. He was a law clerk for Judge James H. Taylor, Seventh Judicial Circuit of Maryland from 1973 to 1974. He was in private practice in Hyattsville, Maryland and Beltsville, Maryland from 1974 to 1986, serving as a municipal attorney for Fairmount Heights from 1975 to 1987, and as a substitute juvenile master, Prince George's County Circuit Court (part-time) from 1976 to 1977. He was an Assistant public defender, Prince George's County Public Defender's Office from 1977 to 1978. He was a Special counsel and hearing examiner, Prince George's County Board of Education (part-time) from 1978 to 1987. He became a professor of law at Howard University from 1978 to 1989, continuing as an adjunct professor thereafter. He was a Municipal attorney of Glenarden from 1980 to 1987, and was then a State's attorney of Prince George's County from 1987 to 1994. Alexander Williams Jr. was the first African American elected to the office of State's Attorney in Prince George's County, Maryland.

## Federal judicial service

On August 6, 1993, President Bill Clinton nominated Williams to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Maryland vacated by Judge Norman P. Ramsey. Williams was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 17, 1994, and received his commission on August 18, 1994. He took senior status on May 8, 2013. He retired from active service on January 3, 2014.
# Alexander of Canterbury

Alexander of Canterbury (fl. 1120) was an English monk of Christ Church, Canterbury. He is known as the author of a work, Dicta Anselmi archiepiscopi, which has been also ascribed to Eadmer. He was employed as a messenger from the Countess Matilda to St. Anselm, and was sent by St. Anselm to Pope Paschal II for his instruction on various points.
# Alex Wayman

Alex Wayman (January 11, 1921 – September 22, 2004) was an American tibetologist and indologist and worked as a professor of Sanskrit at Columbia University. He was of Jewish background.
After finishing his B.A. (1948), M.A. (1949) and Ph. D. (1959) at the University of California, Los Angeles he came to Columbia as a visiting professor in 1966. In 1967 he was made professor of Sanskrit and remained in this position until his retirement in 1991.
Wayman wrote many books on Buddhism, especially Tantric Buddhist themes, and on Buddhist logic.

## Books

* The Enlightenment of Vairocana, 1992, Motilal Banarsidass.
* Untying the Knots in Buddhism, 1997, Motial Banarsidass.
* Introduction to Buddhist Tantric Systems, 1998, Motilal Banarsidass.
* A Millennium of Buddhist Logic, 1999, Motilal Banarsidass.
* Buddhist Insight, 1984, Motilal Banarsidass.

### Honorary Volume

* Researches in Indian and Buddhist philosophy: Essays in honour of Professor Alex Wayman, 1993, Motilal Banarsidass.
# Alexandre-Achille Souques

Alexandre-Achille Cyprien Souques (6 February 1860 – 24 December 1944) was a French neurologist born in Comprégnac in the département Aveyron.
Souques studied medicine in Paris, where in 1886 he became an interne and in 1891 earned his medical doctorate. Afterwards he worked as médecin des hôpitaux (Hospice de la Salpêtrière), and in 1918 became a member of the Académie de Médecine. With Joseph Babinski (1857-1932) and others, he was a founding member of the Societé de Neurologie de Paris.
He is remembered for his extensive research of Parkinsonism, and in a 1921 treatise titled Rapport sur les syndromes parkinsoniens, he documented the importance of encephalitis lethargica as a cause of Parkinsonism. With his mentor Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), he described the eponymous "Souques-Charcot geroderma", a condition that is a variant of Hutchinson–Gilford disease. Souques is also credited with introducing the term "camptocormia" to describe an abnormal forward-flexed posture.

## Associated eponym

* Souques' sign: Involuntary extension and spreading of the fingers when the paretic arm of patient is raised and extended.

## Publications

* Infantilism hypophysaire, with Stéphen Chauvet (1885-1950). In Nouvelle iconographie de la Salpêtrière, Paris, 1913, 26: 69–80.
* Rapport sur les syndromes parkinsoniens. In Revue Neurologique, Paris, 1921, 28: 534–573.
* Kinésie paradoxale. In Revue Neurologique, Paris, 1921, 37: 559–560.