OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donald Levy

Donald Harris Levy (born June 30, 1939) is an American chemical physicist on the faculty of the University of Chicago, Chicago, US. He is recognized as a leader in the development of supersonic jet cooling.

## Biography

Donald Levy has been a member of the University of Chicago Chemistry faculty since 1967. He is presently the Albert A. Michelson Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus. His research interests have included laser spectroscopy in supersonic molecular beams and jets, the structure of van der Waals molecules, energy transfer in weakly bound molecular systems, bichromophoric organic molecules, and multi-photonionization spectroscopy. From 1998 to 2008 he was editor of the Journal of Chemical Physics. In 2005, he was chair of the Universities Science Policy Council, a group responsible for guiding high level scientific directions at Argonne National Laboratory, awarding joint appointments, and negotiating student and faculty access to National User Facilities at Argonne. After 2007, he was named by the University of Chicago Vice President for Research and for National Laboratories, CEO of UChicago Argonne, LLC and a Member of the Board of Directors of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1988. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is the past chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Chicago, where he played an important role as a leader for planning the Gordon Center for Integrative Science.

## Awards

He was awarded the Plyler Prize of the American Physical Society in 1987, the E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy in 2006, and the Ellis Lippincott Award from the Optical Society of America.
# Belval, Vosges

Belval (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
# Crescent Arena

Crescent Arena, also known as Crescent Rink and Saskatoon Arena, was an indoor arena in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

## History

Crescent Rink was built in the late 1910s on Spadina Crescent East in downtown Saskatoon. This was the site of the former Auditorium Roller Rink, a hardwood-floor rink that could be repurposed for curling; the Roller Rink had opened in 1910 but burned down in 1914. Crescent Rink opened in 1920, and it became the home of the Saskatoon Sheiks professional hockey team, which played in the Western Canada Hockey League from 1921 to 1926 and the Prairie Hockey League from 1926 to 1928. After briefly relocating to Moose Jaw during the 1921–22 season, the team returned to Saskatoon and was known as the Saskatoon Crescents for the 1922–23 season before readopting the Sheiks name. The Sheiks won the last Prairie Hockey League championship in 1928.
Crescent Rink was demolished in 1932 to make way for the construction of the Broadway Bridge, a Depression relief-work project. A replacement for Crescent Rink, Saskatoon Arena, opened in 1937, two blocks to the west.
# Doris E. Smith

Doris Edna Smith (née Elliott) (12 August 1919 – before 1994) was an Irish writer of over 20 gothic and romance novels. In 1969, her novel Comfort and Keep won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association.
She was educated at Alexandra College in Milltown, Dublin. From 1938 worked for an Dublin's insurance group.
# Calyptromyia barbata

Calyptromyia barbata is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

China, Taiwan, North Vietnam & Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Russia.
# Dypsis confusa

Dypsis confusa is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Bharat Patel

Bharatkumar "Bharat" Patel (born 16 April 1952) is a Zimbabwean judge who has served on the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe since 2013.

## Education

Patel was born on 16 April 1952 in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (today Harare, Zimbabwe). He attended Louis Mountbatten School, a government school in Salisbury. He received his secondary education at two private schools, Peterhouse Boys' School and St. George's College. He completed his legal training at the University of Rhodesia in 1975 and subsequently departed for England, where he qualified as a barrister at Inner Temple and obtained his master's degree in law from University College London.

## Career background

Patel began his career in 1978 in the London para-legal sector, with the Greater London Citizens Advice Bureaux Service, focusing on civil rights, employment and social welfare law. In 1982 he returned to Zimbabwe and joined government service as legal counsel performing advisory and representative duties in matters of public law and international law. From 1993 he headed the Division of Legal Advice in the Attorney-General's Office of Zimbabwe until he was appointed to the position of Deputy Attorney General of Zimbabwe in August 2000. In April 2003 he assumed the post of Acting Attorney-General after the resignation of Andrew Chigovera.
In December 2004 Patel was appointed to the bench in the High Court of Zimbabwe, and assumed judicial duties in January 2005. From December 2007 to December 2008 he was temporarily re-appointed to the post of Acting Attorney-General, following the suspension and removal from office of the previous incumbent, Sobuza Gula-Ndebele.
In May 2013 Patel was appointed to the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe as Judge of Appeal. He was simultaneously appointed to the Constitutional Court of Zimbabwe by virtue of certain transitional provisions in the new Constitution of Zimbabwe which came into operation in May 2013. He was sworn in, alongside fellow Justice Ben Hlatshwayo, by President Robert Mugabe at State House in Harare on 22 May 2013.
# Cyrtodactylus hoskini

Cyrtodactylus hoskini is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Australia.

## Etymology

The specific name, hoskini, is in honor of Australian herpetologist Conrad J. Hoskin.

## Geographic range

C. hoskini is found in northern Queensland, Australia.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of C. hoskini are forest and rocky areas.

## Description

Large for its genus, C. hoskini may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 11.2 cm (4.4 in).

## Reproduction

The mode of reproduction of C. hoskini is unknown.
# Cibyra paropus

Cibyra paropus is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from Ecuador.
# Bura, Kenya

Bura, Kenya may refer to:
* Bura, Tana River County, Kenya
* Bura, Taita-Taveta County, Kenya
# Dominican flag

Dominican Flag may refer to:
* Flag of the Dominican Republic
** List of Dominican Republic flags
* Flag of Dominica
# Belval-Bois-des-Dames

Belval-Bois-des-Dames is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.
# Donald Tucker

Donald Tucker may refer to:
* Donald Kofi Tucker (1938–2005), American politician in New Jersey
* Donald L. Tucker (born 1935), American politician in Florida
# Calvin Christian School (Kingston, Tasmania)

Calvin Christian School is a coeducational, private Kindergarten to Year 12 Christian school located 12 kilometres south of Hobart in Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
It is part of Christian Schools Tasmania, a network of four schools around Hobart. It is owned and managed by an association, whose members are parents and past parents of students. Although initiated and supported by members of the Christian Reformed Churches of Australia, the Church has no controlling influence, and the school community now includes many families from other Christian backgrounds.
Calvin Christian School was the first Christian parent-controlled school in Australia, founded in 1962 by members of the Dutch Reformed community living in and around Kingston. The founders of the school were a group of Christian parents who shared a desire to educate their children in a Christ-centred environment. The school campus was built without any government funding, with many of the construction workers being parents of future students, who volunteered their time and resources to bring the school into existence. Calvin Christian School is named after the Protestant reformer John Calvin.
The school's annual fundraiser, held in September, is the Oliebollen Festival, which is well attended by the local community.

## Sister schools

* Emmanuel Christian School (1979)
* Channel Christian School (1988)
* Northern Christian School (1992)

## Sport

Calvin Christian School is a member of the Sports Association of Tasmanian Independent Schools (SATIS).
# Dypsis psammophila

Dypsis psammophila is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Madagascar. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Enskede gård

Enskede gård is a commune in Söderort, Stockholm, Sweden. It is the site of the Enskede gård metro station.
The headquarters of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia are located in Enskede gård.
# César (1802 ship)

César was a mercantile brig launched in 1802 that the French Navy purchased at Bordeaux in 1803. The Royal Navy captured her in July 1806 and took her into their service, but she was wrecked in early 1807.

## Origins

César was launched in 1802, possibly as a corvette-senault (snow-rigged corvette). The Ministry of Marine authorized her purchase on 29 August 1803 from citizen Dupuch.

## Capture

In July 1806, a squadron under Lord St. Vincent's was off Ushant. On 14 July the boats of the squadron were taken by Iris to Captain John Tremayne Rodd in Indefatigable off Rochefort to attack two French corvettes and a convoy at the entrance to the Garonne. The weather on 15 July appeared suitable for the attempt but after the boats left a strong wind blew up and although they managed to capture Caesar [sic], they could not prevent the convoy escaping up river. The French were expecting the attack and put up a strong resistance. The British lost six men killed, 36 wounded and 21 missing. Indefatigable alone lost two killed and 11 wounded. Polyphemus had two men lightly wounded. The 21 missing men were in a boat from Revenge; a later report suggested that most, if not all, had been taken prisoner. The majority of the boats were either shot through or so badly stove in that they were swamped, and had to be cut adrift from the brig as she was brought out under fire from the batteries and the ex-British brig Teaser. The vessels claiming prize money included Pilchard and the hired armed lugger Nile, in addition to the various ships of the line and frigates. Head money for the capture was paid in June 1829. This cutting out expedition resulted in the participants qualifying for the Naval general service Medal with clasp "16 July Boat Service 1806".
Caesar, of 18 guns, had a crew of 86 men according to her roster, and was under the command of lieutenant de vaisseau Louis François Hector Fourré. She was five years old, coppered, 88' by 23', and "appears fit for His Majesty's Service", according to Rodd. The Royal Navy took her into service as the brig HMS Cesar.

## Fate

Cesar was driven ashore near the Gironde in March 1807. There were only 45 survivors.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Winfield & Roberts (2015), pp. 225–6.
* 1 2 3 Winfield (2008), p. 319.
* 1 2 3 4 "No. 15941". The London Gazette. 29 July 1806. pp. 949–951.
* ↑ "No. 16070". The London Gazette. 22 September 1807. p. 1270.
* ↑ "No. 18585". The London Gazette. 16 June 1829. p. 1111.
* ↑ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 246.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 119.
* ↑ James (1837), Vol. 4, p.466.
# Cinergy

Cinergy Corp. (/ˈsɪnərdʒi/ SIN-ər-jee) was an energy company based in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, from 1994 to 2006. Its name is a play on the words "synergy", "energy", and "Cincinnati".

## History

Cinergy was created on October 24, 1994, from the merger of the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company (CG&E) and Kentucky subsidiary Union Light, Heat & Power (ULH&P) with Plainfield, Indiana–based PSI Energy (Public Service Indiana).
In 1996, Riverfront Stadium in Downtown Cincinnati was renamed Cinergy Field in a sponsorship deal with Cinergy. The stadium was demolished by implosion in December 2002 to make way for Great American Ball Park.
In 2005, Cinergy announced a friendly acquisition by the larger Charlotte, North Carolina–based Duke Energy. The acquisition was completed on April 3, 2006. The combined company retains the Duke Energy name. Until the acquisition, Cinergy still operated under the names of the three local utilities (e.g., Cinergy/CG&E in Cincinnati); since the acquisition, the names of the three former Cinergy utilities and Duke Power, the former Duke Energy utility subsidiary, have been phased out, although signs bearing the former logos still remain at some substations.

## Environmental record

In May 2006, Cinergy was flagged as a key contributor to major pollution in the American Midwest, prompting the New York State government to sue the company and forcing the company to install modern pollution control equipment. The Ontario government, across the border in Canada, followed suit at the request of New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have identified Cinergy as the 49th-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with roughly 29 million pounds of toxic chemicals released annually into the air. Major pollutants indicated by the study include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, chromium compounds, and manganese compounds.

## Holiday model train display

Under its various operating names, the company operated a holiday model train display that has attracted over 9 million visitors since the event's inception in 1946. The authentic display measures 36+1⁄2 by 47+1⁄2 feet (11.1 m × 14.5 m) long and imitates an O gauge, in which a quarter-inch on the model is equivalent to one foot on a real train.
Duke, in partnership with railway company CSX, continued to host the annual train display in Cinergy's former headquarters until 2011, when the display was donated to the Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal.
# Elepuʻukahonua

Elepuʻukahonua (Olepuʻukahonua) was a High Chief of the island of Oahu in ancient Hawaii. He ruled over Oʻahu in ancient times and is mentioned in chants and legends.
His father was Chief Kumuhonua of Oʻahu, son of Chief Mulielealiʻi of the Maweke line; Maweke was a wizard from Tahiti. His mother's name is Chiefess Hainakolo.
After Kumuhonua died, Elepuʻukahonua succeeded him as a monarch of Oʻahu. It seems that this happened because he was the eldest son of his father, since he had three brothers; Molohaia, Kahakuokane and Kukawaieakane.
At some point, Chief Elepuʻukahonua married a woman named Hikilena, whose parents are not known today. She had a son, Kahokupohakano, who fathered with his spouse Kaumana II a son, Nawele, who later became a ruler of Oʻahu.
# Crossotus barbatus

Crossotus barbatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker in 1871.
# Donald Tytler

Donald Alexander Tytler (2 May 1925 – 1992) was the 8th Bishop of Middleton.
A noted liberal, he was born in 1925 and educated at Eastbourne College and Christ's College, Cambridge; theological training at Ridley Hall, Cambridge. Ordained in 1949 to assistant curacy in Yardley, Birmingham; SCM Chaplain, University of Birmingham, 1952; Precentor at Birmingham Cathedral, 1955; Diocescan Director of Education within the Diocese of Birmingham, 1957; Vicar of St Mark, Londonderry, and Rural dean of Warley, 1963; Canon Residentiary, Birmingham Cathedral, 1972; and Archdeacon of Aston, 1977; Suffragan Bishop of Middleton, 1982, held until his death in 1992.
# Callendar–Van Dusen equation

The Callendar–Van Dusen equation is an equation that describes the relationship between resistance (R) and temperature (T) of platinum resistance thermometers (RTD).
As commonly used for commercial applications of RTD thermometers, the relationship between resistance and temperature is given by the following equations. The relationship above 0 °C (up to the melting point of aluminum ~ 660 °C) is a simplification of the equation that holds over a broader range down to -200 °C. The longer form was published in 1925 (see below) by M.S. Van Dusen and is given as:
    $R(T)=R(0)[1+A*T+B*T^{2}+(T-100)C*T^{3}].$
While the simpler form was published earlier by Callendar, it is generally valid only over the range between 0 °C to 661 °C and is given as:
    $R(T)=R(0)(1+A*T+B*T^{2}).$
Where constants A, B, and C are derived from experimentally determined parameters α, β, and δ using resistance measurements made at 0 °C, 100 °C and 260 °C.
Together,
$R(T)=\left\{{\begin{array}{lr}R(0)[1+A\cdot T+B\cdot T^{2}]&{\text{if }}0^{\circ }{\text{C}}\leq T<661^{\circ }{\text{C}}\\R(0)[1+A\cdot T+B\cdot T^{2}+C\cdot (T-100)T^{3}]&{\text{if }}-200^{\circ }{\text{C}}<T<0^{\circ }{\text{C}}\end{array}}\right.$
It is important to note that these equations are listed as the basis for the temperature/resistance tables for idealized platinum resistance thermometers and are not intended to be used for the calibration of an individual thermometer, which would require the experimentally determined parameters to be found.
These equations are cited in International Standards for platinum RTD's resistance versus temperature functions DIN/IEC 60751 (also called IEC 751), also adopted as BS-1904, and with some modification, JIS C1604.
The equation was found by British physicist Hugh Longbourne Callendar, and refined for measurements at lower temperatures by M. S. Van Dusen, a chemist at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology ) in work published in 1925 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Starting in 1968, the Callendar-Van Dusen Equation was replaced by an interpolating formula given by a 20th order polynomial first published in The International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 by the Comité International des Poids et Mesures.
Starting in 1990, the interpolating formula was further refined with the publication of The International Temperature Scale of 1990. The ITS-90 is published by the Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie and the Comité International des Poids et Mesures. This work provides a 12th order polynomial that is valid over an even broader temperature range that spans from 13.8033 K to 273.16 K and a second 9th order polynomial that is valid over the temperature range of 0 °C to 961.78 °C.
# Dürkopp Adler

Dürkopp Adler is a German manufacturer of material handling systems and industrial sewing machines that are used in the manufacture of garment and upholstery. It is headquartered in Bielefeld, Germany. The firm is a result of a merger in 1990 between Koch Adler Nahmaschinenwerke and Dürkoppwerke. It has operations in nearly 10 countries and has 11 subsidiaries.
The firm's equity is largely controlled by ShangGong Company of China.

## History

The firm has a history of automobile, ball bearings and motorcycle production but both Kochs Adler and Dürkopp's history began with sewing machines. Dürkoppwerke's history began in 1867 when Heinrich Dürkopp, who had earlier completed building a sewing machine on his own co-founded Dürkopp and Schmidt with a colleague, Carl Schmidt. The firm later dropped Schmidt from its name. Operating out of the backroom of a clock-maker's factory, the new firm made both household and industrial sewing machines. As the business profile became enhanced among local customers, the firm moved to a new building close to market street, Bielefeld in 1870. The company expanded sales to other regions in Germany and introduced specialized machines for shoe-making. In 1885, it began production of bicycles and ball bearings which were an early success. During its early period, Dürkopp experimented with many mechanical ideas and products, led by its founder, the firm began automobile production introducing a successful product, Knipperdolling to the market in 1906. The firm has produced three wheeled and two wheeled motorcycles. After World War I, the firm's debt profile grew and fell under the receivership of banks who went on to sell its automobile unit to Mercedes Benz. During the Second World War, the firm produced cylindrical bearings for tanks and weapons. Kochs Adler, which was majority-owned by the Oetker family, produced munitions and employed forced labor. Those products were jettisoned after the war and the firm went back to its core products, making sewing machines, conveyor belts, bicycles and motorcycles. By the 1962, the firm concentrated on making sewing machines and conveyor belts for the garment industry. In 1990, it merged with Koch Adler, another Bielefeld based industrial sewing machine manufacturer that was founded in 1860.
# Chhota Laukuthi

Chhota Laukuthi is a census town in the Tufanganj II CD block in the Tufanganj subdivision of the Cooch Behar district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Chhota Laukuthi is located at 26°19′52″N 89°46′19″E﻿ / ﻿26.331199°N 89.771893°E﻿ / 26.331199; 89.771893.
The 2011 census record does not identify Bakshirhat as a separate inhabited place but the place has a post office and a police station by that name. Census maps do not show Bakshirhat police station, but it is mentioned in Cooch Behar police records. Google maps show both Chhota Laukuthi and Bakshirhat as adjacent places.

### Area overview

The map alongside shows the eastern part of the district. In Tufanganj subdivision 6.97% of the population lives in the urban area and 93.02% in rural areas. In Dinhata subdivision 5.98% of the population lives in the urban areas and 94.02% lives in the urban areas. The entire district forms the flat alluvial flood plains of mighty rivers.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Civic administration
### CD block HQ

The headquarters of the Tufanganj II CD block are located at Chhota Laukuthi.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Chhota Laukuthi had a total population of 5,480. There were 2,791 (51%) males and 2,689 (49%) females. There were 622 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Chhota Laukuthi was 3,986 (82.05% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Koch Bihar, Chota Laukuthi covered an area of 0.6863 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, it had 33 km roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved tank/pond/lake, hand pumps. It had 450 electric connections, 40 electric light points. Among the medical facilities the nearest dispensary/ health centre was 3 km away, it had 4 medicine shops in the town. Among the educational facilities it had 2 primary schools, 3 middle schools, 1 high school, 1 higher secondary school.
# Cyrtopogon (fly)

Cyrtopogon is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae. There are at least 120 described species in Cyrtopogon.