OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albrecht Hofmann

Albrecht Werner Hofmann (born 1939) is a German geochemist who is emeritus professor at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and an adjunct professor at Columbia University. He is best known for his contributions to the field of geochemistry.

## Education

Hofmann studied geology and geochemistry in Freiburg in Germany, and completed his PhD degree at Brown University from 1962 - 1968. His thesis on hydrothermal experiments on partitioning and diffusion of alkali metals in biotite-alkali chloride solutions was awarded in 1969.

## Career and research

After working at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. as a post-doctoral fellow (1971–1972) and then staff scientist (1972–1980), Al was appointed director at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany, in 1980, to lead the new Department of Geochemistry. He has been emeritus in Mainz and visiting senior research scientist at Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University since 2007.
Hofmann uses trace elements and isotopic compositions of basalts to study the composition and evolution of Earth's mantle. He recognized "canonical" trace element ratios as tools to distinguish recycling processes of ancient oceanic and continental crust through the mantle and showed that the chemical heterogeneity of the mantle is dominated by recycled ocean crust.

### Awards and honours

Among the awards he received are the Goldschmidt Medal of the Geochemical Society, the Hess Medal of the American Geophysical Union, and the Urey Medal of the European Association of Geochemistry. He has been a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States since 1999. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 2018.
# Aldo Mario Aroldi

Aldo Mario Aroldi (25 March 1899 – 27 November 1963) was an Italian painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Albert O. Clark

Albert Oscar Clark (1858–1935), commonly known as A.O. Clark, was an American architect who worked in Arkansas in the early 1900s.
He was born in Medina, New York. He "had established himself as a partner of the firm Mathews and Clark in St. Louis, Missouri, as of 1882, at the relatively young age of twenty-three", and worked there for 23 years in total.
He came from St. Louis, Missouri to Rogers, Arkansas in 1904, to open a second office of the firm, and remained there for the rest of his life. He is mostly known for his designs of "imposing" Benton County public buildings, commercial buildings, and churches, but also designed houses.
He utilized Classic Revival style when designing the Applegate Drugstore (1906) and Bank of Rogers Building. After his work found approval, Clark was hired to build many buildings in Bentonville, Arkansas including the Benton County Jail and the Benton County Courthouse (1928).$^{:6,18}$
A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
Works include:
* Applegate Drugstore, built 1906, 116 1st St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Bank of Rogers Building, 114 S. 1st St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Benton County Courthouse, 106 S.E. A St. Bentonville, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Benton County Jail, 212 N. Main St. Bentonville, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Benton County National Bank, 123 W. Central Bentonville, AR (Clarke, Albert Oscar), NRHP-listed
* First Presbyterian Church, 212 College Ave. Clarksville, AR (Clarke, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Freeman-Felker House, 318 W. Elm St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Charles Juhre House, 406 N. 4th St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Raymond Munger Memorial Chapel-University of the Ozarks, W of AR 103, University of the Ozarks campus Clarksville, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Mutual Aid Union Building, 2nd and Poplar Sts. Rogers, AR (Clarke, Albert O.), NRHP-listed
* Oklahoma Row Hotel Site, AR 94 Spur at shore of Beaver Lake Monte Ne, AR (Clarke, Albert O.), NRHP-listed
* Old Springdale High School, Johnson St. Springdale, AR (Clark, A. O.), NRHP-listed
* Rogers City Hall, 202 W. Elm St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* Stroud House, built 1912, 204 S. Third St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in Rogers Commercial Historic District (Boundary Increase), 116 S, Second St. Rogers, AR (Clarke, A.O.), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in Walnut Street Historic District, Walnut St. Rogers, AR (Clark, A.O.), NRHP-listed
# Aldeanueva de Guadalajara

Aldeanueva de Guadalajara is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 115 inhabitants.
# Aldo Conti

Aldo Conti (1890–1988) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

He was born in Milan, Italy. He studied between 1911 and 1914 both in Milan and in Paris, where he attended the course in architecture at the School of Fine Arts. Having returned to Italy, he devoted his energies to landscapes and urban views. Though influenced by the Novecento Italiano movement in the years after World War I, he did not participate in its group exhibitions. He began showing works in the national events held by the Milan Società per le Belle Arti ed Esposizione Permanente in the 1930s and took part in the Rome Quadrenniale (Quadriennale Nazionale d'Arte di Roma, 1931 and 1943) and the Venice Biennale (Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte di Venezia, 1936, 1940 and 1942). He was awarded the Sallustio Fornara Prize at the Mostra Sociale Autunnale della Società per le Belle Arti in 1938 and his painting The Lombard Countryside was purchased for the Galleria d'Arte Moderna in Milan as a result. He also took part in the first Bergamo Prize competition, held in the same year, as well as the edition of 1940.
# Aldington, Worcestershire

Aldington is a village and civil parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England. It is about three miles east of Evesham, and according to the census of 2001, had a population of 232.
# Alessandro Focosi

Alessandro Focosi (June 14, 1836 – February 1, 1869) was an Italian painter born in Milan, Austrian Empire.

## Biography

The son of the painter and illustrator Roberto Focosi, Alessandro completed his artistic training at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, where Francesco Hayez was his master. Focosi won numerous academic prizes, and received a grant from the Brera that enabled him to visit Florence, Rome and Turin for study purposes during the period 1858–60.
He returned to Milan by 1866, and specialised in Romantic treatments of historical and literary subjects that were widely praised and received official recognition. In 1866, he painted a Catherine de' Medici induces Charles IX to exile the Huguenots and in 1868, Carlo Emanuele of Savoy confronts the Ambassador of Spain. The latter painting won the first prize, 10,000 lire, in a national contest instituted in 1866 by minister Broglio. He was made an honorary member of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts in 1863. In addition to the exhibitions of the Brera and the Promotrice in Turin, his works were also shown at the Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1867 and the Munich Exhibition of Fine Arts in 1869.
# Aldo Tonti

Aldo Tonti (2 March 1910 – 2 July 1988) was an Italian cinematographer.
Born in Rome, Tonti started his career as photographer, then entered the film industry as an assistant camera operator. He debuted as a cinematographer in 1939, with Piccoli naufraghi by Flavio Calzavara; his first important work was Ossessione by Luchino Visconti. His works include films by Federico Fellini, King Vidor, Richard Fleischer, Roberto Rossellini, John Huston, Alberto Lattuada, Mario Monicelli, Sergio Sollima, Pietro Germi, Dino Risi, Marco Ferreri. In 1961 he won a Silver Ribbon for best cinematography for Nicholas Ray's The Savage Innocents. Tonti retired in 1982.

## Selected filmography

* Odette (1934)
* Under the Southern Cross (1938)
* Cardinal Messias (1939)
* Diamonds (1939)
* Hurricane in the Tropics (1939)
* The Cavalier from Kruja (1940)
* The Pirate's Dream (1940)
* Caravaggio (1941)
* Blood Wedding (1941)
* Headlights in the Fog (1942)
* I Live as I Please (1942)
* Bengasi (1942)
* Nothing New Tonight (1942)
* Ossessione (1943)
* The Champion (1943)
* A Living Statue (1943)
* A Little Wife (1943)
* In High Places (1943)
* The Gates of Heaven (1945)
* The Testimony (1946)
* The Bandit (1946)
* The Sun Still Rises (1946)
* Rome, Free City (1946)
* Peddlin' in Society (1946)
* Flesh Will Surrender (1947)
* The Captain's Daughter (1947)
* Without Pity (1948)
* Hey Boy (1948)
* The Wolf of the Sila (1949)
* The Firemen of Viggiù (1949)
* The Mill on the Po (1949)
* Little Lady (1949)
* Outlaw Girl (1950)
* I'm in the Revue (1950)
* Side Street Story (1950)
* The Cadets of Gascony (1950)
* The Merry Widower (1950)
* The Elusive Twelve (1950)
* Europe '51 (1952)
* Easy Years (1953)
* The Unfaithfuls (1953)
* The Ship of Condemned Women (1953)
* La lupa (1953)
* Where Is Freedom? (1954)
* Attila (1954)
* Are We Men or Corporals? (1955)
* Nights of Cabiria (1957)
* Souvenir d'Italie (1957)
* Tempest (1958)
* Move and I'll Shoot (1958)
* Fortunella (1958)
* Winter Holidays (1959)
* The Hunchback of Rome (1960)
* The Savage Innocents (1960)
* Under Ten Flags (1960)
* Barabbas (1961)
* Damon and Pythias (1962)
* Agostino (1962)
* Il diavolo (1963)
* Kali Yug: Goddess of Vengeance (1963)
* The Ape Woman (1964)
* The Man, the Woman and the Money (1965)
* Treasure of San Gennaro (1966)
* The Devil in Love (1966)
* If All the Women in the World (1966)
* Cast a Giant Shadow (1966)
* Catch as Catch Can (1967)
* Reflections in a Golden Eye (1967)
* Bandits in Rome (1968)
* The Black Sheep (1968)
* Violent City (1970)
* Brancaleone at the Crusades (1970)
* A Girl in Australia (1971)
* The Designated Victim (1971)
* The Deserter (1971)
* The Valachi Papers (1972)
* It Can Be Done Amigo (1972)
* War Goddess (1973)
* Mean Frank and Crazy Tony (1973)
* Three Tough Guys (1974)
* Crazy Joe (1974)
* The Count of Monte Cristo (1975)
* Due cuori, una cappella (1975)
* Strange Occasion (1976)
* A Woman at Her Window (1976)
* Ashanti (1979)
# Alexander Biggar (footballer)

Alexander Biggar was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an outside left.

## Career

Born in New Cumnock, Biggar played for Lanemark, Bradford City and Tottenham Hotspur. For Bradford City, he made 1 appearance in the Football League.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Aleksander Pełczyński

Aleksander "Olek" Pełczyński (2 July 1932, Tarnopol, Poland – 20 December 2012, Wrocław) was a Polish mathematician who worked in functional analysis.

## Career

Pełczyński studied mathematics from 1950 to 1956 at the University of Warsaw and received there his doctorate in 1958 under Stanisław Mazur with dissertation Własności izomorficzne przestrzeni Banacha związane ze słabą zbieżnością bezwarunkową szeregów (Isomorphic properties of Banach spaces with regard to unconditional convergence of series). From 1967 to 2002 he worked at the Polish Academy of Sciences.
From 1967 onwards, he was a member of the editorial staff of the journal Studia Mathematica.
His doctoral students include Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann and Stanisław Szarek.
He died in December 2012 and was buried in Warsaw.

## Research

Pełczyński's main field of research was functional analysis, especially the theory of Banach spaces. The Bessaga–Pełczyński selection principle and the Pełczyński decomposition method are associated with his name.

## Awards and honors

Pełczyński received the Stefan Banach Prize in 1961. In 1986, he was elected a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR. He received the Stefan Banach Medal of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1996. In 2005, he was granted an honorary doctorate from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.
In 1966, Pełczyński was (with Boris Mityagin) an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Moscow. In 1983, he was a plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Warsaw and gave the talk Structural Theory of Banach Spaces and Its Interplay with Analysis and Probability.
# Alexander Fraser, 20th Lord Saltoun

Alexander Arthur Fraser, 20th Lord Saltoun, MC, JP, DL (8 March 1886 – 31 August 1979), styled Master of Saltoun until 1933, was a Scottish peer who was one of the longest-serving representative peers, serving in the House of Lords from 1935 to 1963.

## Biography

He was the eldest son of Alexander Fraser, 19th Lord Saltoun, and Mary Helena Grattan-Bellew, sister of Sir Henry Christopher Grattan-Bellew, 3rd Baronet.
He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford. He was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Forfar and Kincardine Royal Garrison Artillery (Militia) in 1905. After it was disbanded he transferred to a Special Reserve battalion of the Gordon Highlanders and served as a Captain and Honorary Major in that regiment during World War I, when he was taken prisoner of war.
On 8 June 1920, he married Dorothy Geraldine Welby and they had two children:
* Alexander Simon Fraser, Master of Saltoun (1921–1944), killed in action in the Second World War
* Flora Marjory Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun (18 October 1930 – 3 September 2024)
He died at Cross Deep, his home in Twickenham, aged 93.
# Alexander Fraser, 4th Lord Lovat

Alexander Fraser, 4th Lord Lovat (1527 – 1557/1558) was a Scottish peer and Chief of Clan Fraser of Lovat from 1544 until 1557. He succeeded to the chiefship in July 1544, aged seventeen, after his father Hugh Fraser, 3rd Lord Lovat and elder brother Simon were killed in the battle of Loch Lochy. He was made the legal ward of Robert Reid, Bishop of Orkney (d. 1558), who was a relative of his mother's. In 1555 he waited on Mary of Guise when she came to Inverness to hold assizes. He died of rheumatism in 1557/1558.

## Marriage and family

Lovat married Janet Campbell (died 1592), daughter of Sir John Campbell of Cawdor Castle, a son of Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll. Their children included:
* Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Lovat
* Thomas Fraser of Knockie and Strichen
* James Fraser of Ardochy
* Anna Fraser, who married John Fraser of Dalcrosa, also called John Mor MacVaister
When Janet Campbell died in 1592 she left her two silver goblets, a bed with "Scottish green" curtains, and the high table of Dalcross Castle to her grandson Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat.
# Alena Stolzová

Alena Stolzová (born 6 November 1937) is a Czech sprinter. She competed for Czechoslovakia in the women's 200 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Alexander Harvey

Alexander Harvey may refer to:
* Alexander Harvey II (1923–2017), US federal judge
* Alexander Gordon Cummins Harvey, British cotton manufacturer and merchant
* Alexander Miller Harvey (1867–1928), Kansas lawyer, politician, and author
* Alex Harvey (country musician) — (1941-2020), hit songwriter
# Alexandre-Charles Sauvageot

Alexandre-Charles Sauvageot (Paris, 6 November 1781 – 30 March 1860) was a French classical violinist and collector of French antiques
The son of Jean Sauvageot, bourgeois and Françoise-Antoinette Frené, he was single.
Until 1829 he was second violin at the Paris opera and since 1810 clerk at the Direction des Douanes and Honorary Curator of the Imperial Museums.
From 1826-1827, he gathered a very important collection of objects from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance - art objects, sculptures, paintings, ivories, musical instruments, etc. - which he donated to the Louvre Museum in 1856 and again in 1860. A room in the Louvre - where he occupied an apartment from 1858 - bears his name.
Among the objects donated is an Italian harpsichord by Pietro Faby, built in Bologne in 1691, deposited at the Philharmonie de Paris with 13 other instruments.
We keep a portrait of him by his friend Louis-Pierre Henriquel-Dupont (drawing from 1833, engraving from 1852) and a painting from 1857 by Arthur Henry Roberts showing him in the middle of his collections in the dining room of his apartment, 56 rue du Faubourg-Poissonnière.
# Alexander Allen (writer)

Alexander Allen (23 September 1814 – 6 November 1842) was an English writer and linguist who specialised in studies of Greece.

## Biography

He was the son of John Allen, born at Hackney 23 September 1814. He was educated at his father's school (the Madras House Grammar School, at Hackney) and the University of London. On his father's death he carried on the grammar school.
Allen obtained, in 1840, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Leipzig. In the dedication of his Analysis of Latin Verbs to Thomas Hewitt Key, he mentions that many of his philological principles were derived from Key; he also acknowledges, in his ‘Essay on Teaching Greek,’ his obligations to his friend William Wittich, teacher of German in University College, London.
In the last years of his life he paid attention to Anglo-Saxon, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic, and German languages, with a view to a comprehensive work on the history and structure of the English language. He left many notes upon this subject, but not in a state fit for publication.
Allen died on 6 November 1842.

## Works

His chief works, of which, considering the early age at which he died, the number is extraordinary, are an ‘Etymological Analysis of Latin Verbs,’ London, 1836, 8vo; ‘Constructive Greek Exercises, for teaching Greek from the beginning by Writing,’ 1839; ‘Eclogæ Ciceronianæ,’ 1839; ‘A New Greek Delectus, translated from the German of Dr. Kühner,’ 1839; ‘A New Latin Delectus,’ 1840; ‘A New English Grammar,’ 1841; an Essay on teaching Greek, published in vol. I of the ‘Papers of the Central Society of Education;’ an Essay on writing Latin and Greek Exercises, in No. 18 of ‘Journal of Education,’ and one on Parsing, in No. 20. These essays show Dr. Allen's skill as a teacher. He also contributed articles to the ‘Penny Cyclopædia’ and Smith's ‘Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities’ and ‘Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.’
# Alexander Vakhrameyev

Alexander Ivanovich Vakhrameyev (Russian: Александр Иванович Вахрамеев; March 11, 1874 – March 16, 1926) was a painter who operated in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.

## Biography

Alexander Vakhrameyev was born in Vologda Governorate. His father was a churchman.

## Gallery

* Portrait of Ivan Goryushkin-Sorokopudov, 1900s
* Portrait of T. Trofimova, 1915
* Fire of Litovsky Castle, 1917
# Alexander Henry

Alexander Henry is the name of the following people:
* Alexander Henry the elder (1739–1834), fur trader and entrepreneur
* Alexander Henry the younger (died 1814), fur-trader, nephew of the above
* Alexander Henry (gunsmith) (1818–1894), Scottish gunsmith
* Alexander Henry (Philadelphia) (1823–1883), American politician
* Alex Henry, Canadian ice hockey player
* Alexander Henry (MP), British Member of Parliament for South Lancashire elected in 1847
# Burdett Coutts

Burdett Matthew Coutts (21 September 1919 – 17 March 2016) was an Indian-born Singaporean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Caucasian snowcock

The Caucasian snowcock (Tetraogallus caucasicus) is a snowcock in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds.
It is native to the Caucasus Mountains, particularly the Western Caucasus, where it breeds at altitudes from 2000 to 4000 m on bare stony mountains. It nests in a bare ground scrape and lays typically 5-6 greenish eggs, which are incubated only by the female. Its food is seeds and vegetable matter. It forms small flocks when not breeding.

## Description

This is a 50–60 cm (20–24 in) long bird. Its plumage is patterned with grey, brown, white and black, but this snowcock looks grey from any distance. The breast is darker and the flanks ruddier than the rest of the body. It has a white throat and a white patch on the side of the neck. The nape is rust-coloured.
In flight, this wary bird shows white flight feathers and undertail, and reddish sides to the tail. Male and female plumages are similar, but the juvenile is slightly smaller and duller in appearance.
Caucasian snowcock has a desolate whistling song, vaguely like a Eurasian curlew, sooo-looo-leeee. The calls include loud cackles and bubbled buck-buck-buck-buck-burrrrrr.
# American Cinema Editors Awards 1962

The 12th American Cinema Editors Awards, which were presented on Wednesday, February 21, 1962, at The Beverly Hills Hotel, honored the best editors in films and television. The layout of the awards were announced on September 18, 1961. The ACE Second Decade Anniversary Book writes "Henceforth A.C.E. sponsored its own editing awards." This was the first ceremony that handed out unique awards; the previous ceremonies celebrated the editors who were nominated Academy Awards. The award was hosted by comedian Louis Nye.

## Nominees

References:
| Best Edited Feature Film | Best Edited Television Program |
| The Parent Trap – Philip W. Anderson Fanny – William H. Reynolds The Hustler – Dede Allen Judgment at Nuremberg – Frederic Knudtson Pocketful of Miracles – Frank P. Keller | The Dick Powell Show: "Ricochet" – Desmond Marquette Bus Stop: "A Lion Walks Among Us" – Richard L. Van Enger The Gertrude Berg Show: "Lonely Sunday" – Chandler House Thriller: "A Third for Pinochle" – Danny B. Landres The Twilight Zone: "Once Upon a Time" – Jason H. Bernie |
| Best Edited Special (Documentary) ||
| Nikki: Wild Dog of the North – Grant K. Smith Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color: "Chico, the Misunderstood Coyote" – Lloyd L. Richardson Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color: "A Fire Called Jeremiah" – Norman R. Palmer ||
# Alfred Henry Whitehouse

Alfred Henry Whitehouse (15 September 1856 – 7 April 1929) was a notable New Zealand motion picture exhibitor and producer. He was born in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, in 1856.
Whitehouse produced the earliest New Zealand films being from the first of December 1898, the Opening of the Auckland Industrial and Mining Exhibition, and Boxing Day that year, Uhlan winning the Auckland Cup at Ellerslie Racecourse.
Whitehouse in 1895, became the first person to exhibit motion pictures in New Zealand by using of Edison kinetoscopes. In 1898 Whitehouse imported a camera and employed photographer W. H. Bartlett to operate the camera. By mid 1900 Whitehouse had produced about 10 films.

## Personal

Whitehouse was born in 1856 at Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, to Abel Whitehouse and Matilda (Craddock). He married Eliza Davis at Auckland in 1878. Eliza died in 1888, leaving Alfred with five children. In 1897 he married Ada Baker. Ada died in 1910 and Whitehouse died in 1929. He was survived by two sons and a daughter.
# Aminopeptidase I

Aminopeptidase I (EC 3.4.11.22, aminopeptidase III, aminopeptidase yscI, leucine aminopeptidase IV, yeast aminopeptidase I) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Release of an N-terminal amino acid, preferably a neutral or hydrophobic one, from a polypeptide.
Aminoacyl-arylamides are poor substrates
# Aminopeptidase III

Aminopeptidase III may refer to one of two enzymes:
* Leucyl aminopeptidase
* Aminopeptidase I