OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christopher Dale Pratt

Christopher Dale Pratt (Chinese: 白紀圖), CBE, was the chairman and executive director of Cathay Pacific Airways Limited and Swire Pacific Limited.

## Background

Christopher Dale Pratt joined the John Swire & Sons Limited in 1978 and had worked with the group in Hong Kong, as well as Australia and Papua New Guinea. He was the chairman and executive director of Cathay Pacific and Swire Pacific, and had held the position from 1 February 2006; following the sudden resignation of David Turnbull, less than a year after he succeeded James W. J. Hughes-Hallett. Pratt was also the chairman of Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Company Limited (HAECO), John Swire & Sons (H.K.) Limited, Swire Beverages Limited and Swire Properties Limited, and a director of Air China Limited and The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. Pratt retired from the Swire group in March 2014.
Pratt served as the executive director of the Swire Pacific's Trading and Industrial Division between 2000 and 2005. In addition, he served as a director of Steamships Trading Company Limited from 1995 and became the chairman in 2000, and continued to serve until his retirement from the company on 27 February 2006.

### Education

Pratt has an honours degree in modern history from the University of Oxford.

### Awards and honours

Pratt is awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) (Civil Division) in the 2000 New Year Honours for his services to the community in Papua New Guinea.
# Cleveland Youth Detention Centre

The Cleveland Youth Detention Centre is a youth detention center at Rowes Bay in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is the only youth detention centre in regional Queensland. It has a capacity of 110 children. The Department of Communities, Child Safety and Disability Services is responsible for the centre. The detention centre was established in 1980.
Each cell contains a bed, toilet, shower, desk and a shelf. Bedding and toiletries are supplied. Each child is given breakfast, morning tea, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. Phone calls of up to 10 minutes at a time totaling 120 minutes of call time each week are permitted.
Children are assigned a caseworker. Youth detention centres in Queensland have an education and training centre, which detainees are required to participate in five days a week. The centre has experienced chronic staff shortages which has led to the use of solitary confinement.
In 2019, 12 new beds were added to the centre.
# Elwin Hall

Elwin Benoni Hall (March 24, 1891 – January 20, 1949) was an American rugby union player who played at hooker for the United States men's national team in its first capped match against New Zealand in 1913.

## Biography

Elwin Hall was born on March 24, 1891, in Ventura, California, the son of Elwin Seth Hall and Robertine Buntin Hall (born Hines).
Hall attended Stanford University beginning in 1910 and was a member of the university's rugby teams. With the Stanford rugby team, Hall played in the front row. On November 15, 1913, Hall played for the United States at hooker in its first test match against New Zealand—a 51–3 defeat.
Hall graduated from Stanford in 1915 with a degree in geology. On January 6, 1916, Hall married Mary L. Bacon in Los Angeles, California. The couple had two children—a son and a daughter. In the course of his career in the petroleum industry, Hall became a vice president and general manager of the Montacal Oil Company in Southern California. Hall died on January 20, 1949, in Los Angeles at the age of 57.
# Donald Harnish Fleming

Donald Harnish Fleming (August 7, 1923, Hagerstown, Maryland – June 16, 2008, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was Jonathan Trumbull Professor of American History at Harvard University. He specialized in American and European intellectual history and the history of science and medicine.

## Biography

Fleming graduated from Johns Hopkins University with AB in 1943 and from Harvard University with AM in 1944 and PhD in 1947. From 1947 to 1959 he was a faculty member of Brown University's history department. After spending the academic year 1958–1959 as a professor at Yale University, he joined in 1959 the faculty of Harvard University's history department. He remained a professor there until 1999, when he retired as professor emeritus. He was from 1963 to 1965 the chair of the department and from 1973 to 1980 the director of the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History. He was from 1967 to 1986 the co-editor, with Bernard Bailyn, of the journal Perspectives in American History, an annual volume of monographic essays.
Fleming was a lifelong bachelor. His cremated remains were buried at Harvard Hill in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge.

## Awards and honors

* 1948 — Beveridge Award of the American Historical Association
* 1962 — elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 1965 — Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1965–1966

## Selected publications
### Articles

* Fleming, Donald (1952). "Latent Heat and the Invention of the Watt Engine". Isis. 43: 3–5. doi:10.1086/349358. S2CID 144758218.
* —— (1955). "Galen on the Motions of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs". Isis. 46 (143): 14–21. doi:10.1086/348379. PMID 14353581. S2CID 29583656.
* —— (1959). "The Centenary of the Origin of Species". Journal of the History of Ideas. 20 (3): 437–446. doi:10.2307/2708122. JSTOR 2708122.
* —— (1961). "Charles Darwin, the Anaesthetic Man". Victorian Studies. 4 (3): 219–236. JSTOR 3825547.
* —— (1962). "The Ends in View of the Preservation of the Private Papers of American Scientists". Isis. 53: 118–121. doi:10.1086/349540. PMID 13893520. S2CID 42471676.
* —— (1979). "Comment on Fox and His Commentators". The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society. 57 (3): 380–384. doi:10.2307/3349793. JSTOR 3349793. PMID 257201.
* —— (1984). "Walter B. Cannon and Homeostasis". Social Research. 51 (3): 609–640. JSTOR 40970955. PMID 11616403.
* —— (1990). "John Leonard Clive". Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 102: 164–166. JSTOR 25081022.
* —— (1993). "Frank Freidel". Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 105: 169–171. JSTOR 25081073.

### Books

* Fleming, Donald (1950). John William Draper and the Religion of Science. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. doi:10.9783/9781512801705. ISBN 978-1-5128-0169-9. JSTOR j.ctv5134fn.
* —— (1954). William H. Welch and the Rise of Modern Medicine. The Library of American Biography. Little, Brown and Co.
* Bailyn, Bernard; Fleming, Donald; Handlin, Oscar; Thernstrom, Stephan (1986). Glimpses of the Harvard past. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674354432.
# Cibyra oreas

Cibyra oreas is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known to reside in Brazil.
# Fer-de-Lance

Fer-de-Lance is French for spearhead (literally "iron of the lance"), and may refer to:
Snakes of the genus Bothrops, especially:
* B. lanceolatus, the Martinique lancehead snake
* B. caribbaeus, the Saint Lucia lancehead
* B. atrox, the common lancehead, native to tropical South America east of the Andes and to Trinidad
* B. asper, the terciopelo or Central American lancehead, native to Central and northwestern South America
* B. insularis, the golden lancehead, a critically endangered Brazilian species
Other:
* Fer-de-Lance (novel), a 1934 Nero Wolfe series novel by Rex Stout
* Fer-de-Lance (comics), Teresa Vasquez, a Marvel comics super-villain
* Fer-de-Lance (film) a 1974 film starring David Janssen
# Emily Alice Shaw

Emily Alice Shaw is a Canadian luthier, classical guitarist and teacher from Ottawa, Ontario. As a luthier, she builds classical guitars, baroque guitars ukuleles and similar instruments.
# Emma Frances Grayson Merritt

Emma Frances Grayson Merritt (January 11, 1860 – June 8, 1933) was an American educator. In 1897, she established the first kindergarten for black children in the United States.

## Life and career

Merritt was born to John and Sophia (née Cook) Merritt in Dumfries, Virginia. Her parents moved the family to Washington, D.C. in 1863, and Merritt was educated in the public school system.
She began teaching first grade in 1875 in the Washington, D.C. public school system when she was 15 years old, prior to receiving formal training. She continued to teach while attending Howard University's normal school program from 1883–1887. She also studied at George Washington University from 1887–1890, and received specialized training in mathematics at Howard University from 1889 to 1892. In 1887, she received the position of elementary school principal at the Banneker School.
She founded the first kindergarten for African American children in 1897. Merritt then became director of primary instruction in the District of Columbia in 1898.
Merritt is known for making several contributions to the District of Columbia school system: she raised kindergarten teachers' salaries; she started the first summer school at Stevens School; she organized democratization and observational programs to improve teaching; she introduced silent reading; and she innovated field trips around the city.
She was a member of the Executive Committee of the District of Columbia branch of the NAACP, a member of the executive board of the Southwest Settlement Society, and financial chairman at the Phyllis Wheatley YWCA.

## Works

* "American Prejudice: Its Causes, Effect, and Possibilities." Voice of the Negro, July 1905.
* "Douglas Day." Voice of the Negro, April 1906.
# Dust (Ben Monder album)

Dust is an album by guitarist Ben Monder which was recorded in 1996 and first released on the Arabesque label the following year. It was rereleased on Sunnyside Records in 2006.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Critical reception was mixed. The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated "This is a difficult set to warm up to. Guitarist Ben Monder's dry sound, which at times recalls Pat Martino and Bill Frisell without sounding derivative, is both subtle and versatile. ... Monder's playing ranges from introspective to rocking, and is adventurous while remaining tied to each piece's original mood. One certainly respects Monder's music, but it generally lacks much warmth or wit".
On All About Jazz, James Taylor said it "covers all the ground from free, ambient and discordant to tight, together and melodically upbeat" and noted "Trio records can go one of two ways: they either become a showcase for one particular player's overwhelming talent or a dynamic conversation between three equally talented and thematically in-tune musicians. Dust definitely falls in the latter category. This isn't Monder's show per se; all three players push and pull the songs in varying directions, following no real leader. While Monder's best work may be as a sideman, interested listeners may wish to check out Dust in order to see the artist in his early stages".
In JazzTimes, Bret Primack wrote "although he may not be a recognized name in the world of jazz just yet, other musicians certainly know about him. The man can play. Rather than an exhibition of his chops, he dazzles us with an exploration of the infinite possibilities of the guitar trio. Yet although this is clearly a jazz recording, it’s informed by the sum total of his musical experience in other idioms, including classical and rock".

## Track listing

All compositions by Ben Monder except where noted
* "Sleep" – 8:08
* "Silent Neighbors" – 6:09
* "The Third Eyebrow" – 8:13
* "Dust" – 10:58
* "In Memoriam" – 6:40
* "I'll Remember April" (Gene de Paul, Patricia Johnston, Don Raye) – 6:18
* "Gemini" – 8:16
* "Late Green" – 4:38

## Personnel

* Ben Monder – guitar
* Ben Street – double bass
* Jim Black – drums, percussion
# Boonzaier

Boonzaier (variously spelled Boonzayer, Boonzaayer, and Boonzaaijer) is a Dutch and Afrikaans surname literally translated as "bean sower", but actually referring to "bone setters", or a form of early chiropracty. Notable individuals with this last name include:
* D. C. Boonzaier (1865–1950), South African cartoonist
* Floretta Boonzaier (born 1974), South African psychologist
* Gregoire Boonzaier (1909–2005), South African artist and son of D. C. Boonzaier
* Janneke Boonzaaijer (born 1996), Dutch equestrian
* John Boonzaaijer (born 1968), American Anglican bishop
* Martin Boonzaayer (born 1972), American judoka
# Christopher Gravett

Christopher Gravett is an assistant curator of armour at the Tower Armouries specialising in the arms and armour of the medieval world.
Gravett has written a number of books and acts as an advisor for film and television projects.

## Selected works

* (1985) German Medieval Armies, 1300-1500, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 0-85045-614-2
* (1993) The Norman Knight, 950-1204 AD, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-85532-287-0
* (1997) Medieval German Armies, 1000-1300, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-85532-657-4
* (1999) Bosworth 1485: Last Charge of the Plantagenets, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-85532-863-1
* (2000) Hastings 1066, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-133-8
* (2001) The History of Castles: Fortifications Around the World, Lyons Press, ISBN 1-58574-435-2
* (2002) English Medieval Knight 1300-1400, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-145-1
* (2002) English Medieval Knight 1200-1300, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-144-3
* (2003) Towton 1461: England's Bloodiest Battle, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-513-9
* (2003) Tewkesbury 1471: The Last Yorkist Victory, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-514-7
* (2003) Norman Stone Castles: British Isles 1066-1216, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-602-X
* (2004) Norman Stone Castles (2): Europe 950-1204, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-603-8
* (2006) The Normans: Warrior Knights and Their Castles, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84603-088-9
* (2006) Castles and Fortifications from Around the World, Thalamus Publishing, ISBN 1-902886-08-9
* (2006) Tudor Knight, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-970-3
* (2007) The Castles of Edward I in Wales 1277-1307, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84603-027-7

### Children's books

* (2002) Eyewitness Guides: Castle, Dorling Kindersley, ISBN 0-7513-4740-X
* (2003) Eyewitness Guides: Knight, Dorling Kindersley, ISBN 0-7513-6756-7
* The World of the Medieval Knight,

### Collaborations

with David Nicolle:
* (2006) The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles, Osprey Publishing
* (2006) Battles of the Middle Ages, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-275-98837-6
# Charles Webb (architect)

Charles Webb (born 26 November 1821, Sudbury, Suffolk, England – 23 January 1898) was an architect working in Victoria, Australia during the 19th century. Notable Webb designs include the iconic Windsor Hotel, Royal Arcade, South Melbourne Town Hall and Tasma Terrace, all listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

## Biography

Charles Webb was born in Sudbury, Suffolk, England on 26 November 1821, as the youngest of nine children. After being apprentice at an architect in London, in 1847 he became the secretary of the London Architectural Students' Society. Following his brother James who earlier migrated to Australia, Charles arrived in Melbourne on 2 June 1849. He set up an architecture and surveyor partnership with his brother at Brighton. Their first important commission was for the St Paul's Church on Swanston Street in 1850. After 1858 Webb practised on his own, until two of his sons joined him in 1888. In this period he designed several public buildings, including the Wesley College (1864), Alfred Hospital (1869), Royal Arcade (1869), South Melbourne Town Hall (1878), Melbourne Orphan Asylum (1878) and the Grand Hotel later renamed Hotel Windsor (1884). In 1856 he was a founding member of the Victorian Institute of Architects, and between 1882-83 the organisation's president.

## Significant works

* 1856 - Melbourne Grammar School (main buildings), Melbourne
* 1857 - St Andrew's Anglican Church, Brighton, Melbourne
* 1863 - Church of Christ, Swanston Street, Melbourne
* 1864 - Wesley College, Prahran, Melbourne
* 1869 - Royal Arcade, Bourke Street, Melbourne
* 1872 - The Beehive Building, Pall Mall, Bendigo
* 1873 - Christ Church, Dingley, Melbourne
* 1875 - Congregational Church, Black St., Brighton, Melbourne
* 1876 - Mandeville Hall, Toorak, Melbourne
* 1876 - John Knox Presbyterian Church, Gardenvale, Melbourne
* 1878 - Tasma Terrace, Parliament Place, East Melbourne
* 1879 - South Melbourne Town Hall, South Melbourne
* 1880 - Primary School No. 1253, South Melbourne
* 1882 - Mosspennoch, East Melbourne
* 1883 - Grand Hotel (Windsor), Spring Street, Melbourne
* 1884 - Banks & Co Warehouse, 96 Pelham Street, Carlton, Melbourne
* 1889 - Charsfield Hotel, St Kilda Road, Melbourne

## Gallery of works

* Melbourne Grammar School, Witherby Tower, South Facade
* Church of Christ, Swanston St, Melbourne
* Royal Arcade
* John Knox Church (built 1876) on the corner of New Street and North Road, Brighton, Victoria
* Tasma Terrace
* South Melbourne Town Hall
* Melbourne Windsor Hotel (Built 1887)
* Banks & Co Warehouse (right)
* Charsfield Hotel, St Kilda Road
* Beehive Building, Bendigo, Victoria
# Cines Studios

The Cines Studios were film production studios located in the Italian capital Rome. They were established on Via Veio in 1930 by Stefano Pittaluga, head of the Cines film company, at the beginning of the sound era. It produced Italy's first sound film The Song of Love the same year. For several years it was the leading studio complex in Italy, until September 1935 when it suffered a major fire and was largely destroyed. This became a spur for the Italian government of Benito Mussolini to invest in the construction of a new development Cinecittà, the largest studio in Europe which opened in 1937.
The refurbished Cines studios continued to operate until 1956, but were often rented out for the use of other companies.
# Fernando Eleta Airport

Fernando Eleta Airport (ICAO: MPFE) is an airport serving the village of Pedro de Cocal on Isla Pedro Gonzalez, one of the Pearl Islands of Panama.
# Charles Vincent (historian)

Charles Vincent (born 1945) is an American historian, professor, and author. He a professor in the history department at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana since 2017. Vincent serves as director of the Mwalimu Institute.

## Biography

Vincent was born on October 19, 1945, in Hazlehurst, Mississippi. Vincent was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in history from LSU.
Vincent has written about African American legislators in Louisiana during the Reconstruction era as well as the history of Southern University and the town of Scotlandville where it is located. He is a fellow of the Louisiana Historical Association. He was interviewed for an oral history collection. He has written and spoken about Southern University's emergence after the Reconstruction era and its significance as the only Historically Black College and University (HBCU) system in the United States. He has also been a featured speaker on Reconstruction and Louisiana history. He has written book reviews.
# Dutch Challenge Open

The Dutch Challenge Open was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour. It was played annually in the Netherlands from 1992 to 2003, except for 1993, 1998 and 1999.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up | Venue |
| Fortis Challenge Open |||||||
| 2003 | Johan Edfors | 273 | −15 | 2 strokes | Kalle Brink | BurgGolf Purmerend |
| Fortis Bank Challenge Open |||||||
| 2002 | Didier de Vooght | 270 | −18 | 2 strokes | Jesús María Arruti Robert-Jan Derksen Peter Gustafsson Peter Lawrie Fredrik Widmark | Het Rijk van Nijmegen |
| Muermans Real Estate Challenge |||||||
| 2001 | Dominique Nouailhac | 261 | −19 | 4 strokes | Tony Edlund | Herkenbosch |
| Muermans Real Estate Challenge Open |||||||
| 2000 | Richard Gillot | 281 | −7 | 1 stroke | Andrew Raitt | Herkenbosch |
| Steelcover Dutch Challenge |||||||
| 1998–99: No tournament |||||||
| 1997 | Raphaël Jacquelin | 277 | −11 | 3 strokes | Andrew Butterfield Mathew Goggin Roger Winchester | Broekpolder |
| Dutch Challenge |||||||
| 1996 | Mathew Goggin | 274 | −14 | 2 strokes | Nicolas Vanhootegem | Broekpolder |
| Steelcover Dutch Challenge Open |||||||
| 1995 | Warren Bennett | 276 | −12 | Playoff | Francisco Valera | Broekpolder |
| Dutch Challenge Open |||||||
| 1994 | Jean-François Remésy | 274 | −14 | 3 strokes | John Bickerton Dennis Edlund Antoine Lebouc | Het Rijk van Nijmegen |
| 1993: No tournament |||||||
| 1992 | John Coe | 277 | −11 | 1 stroke | Paul Eales Jan Tilmanis | Purmer |
# Bonaventura Rubino

Fray Bonaventura Rubino (c. 1600–1668) was an Italian composer.
According to his publications, his origin of "Montecchio di Lombardia" probably indicates that he was from Montecchio in Darfo Boario Terme, one hour east of Bergamo. He was maestro di cappella at the Cathedral of Palermo from 1643 to 1665.
Rubino's 1644 Vespro dello Stellario was reconstructed in 1996 and subsequently performed by 120 musicians, four organs and a large group of vocal soloists, in 12 choirs and with the instrumental groups laid out in a star formation.

## Works

* Op. 1 Vespro della Beata Vergine - Prima parte del tesoro armonico Palermo, 1645
* Op. 2 Messa, e Salmi A Otto Voci, Concertati nel Primo Choro di Fr. Bonaventura Rubino da Montecchio di Lombardia. 1651
* Op. 3 Il primo libro de motetti concertati a due, tre, quattro, e cinque voct. Di F. Bonaventura Rubino da Montechio di Lombardia Min F. dedicati all'illustriss. et eccellentiss. signor D. Fr. Martin de Leon, et Cardenas arcivescovo di Palermo 1651
* Op. 4 Il secondo libro de mottetti a due, tre, quattro, e cinque voa, con una Messa de morti 'nelfine a 5 concertata 1653 - edition together with the requiem of Mario Capuana (1650), 1999.
* Op. 5 Salmi Varii Variamente Concertati con Sinfonie d'obligo, et a beneplacito di F. Bonaventura Rubino da Montecchio di Lombardia. Palermo. 1655. 23 settings of 9 psalms.
* Op. 6 Salmi
* Op. 7 Salmi 1658

## Recordings

* Vespro per lo Stellario. Vocal ensemble of the Studio di Musica Antica Antonio Il Verso, Palermo; Coro G.P. Palestrina of Messina; Ensemble Eufonia of Palermo; Ensemble Mille Regretz of Catania; Les Rossignols de Poznan. Ensemble Elyma. Direction: Gabriel Garrido, K617. 2CD
* Bonaventura Rubino, Vepres du Stellario de Palermo, YouTube
# Christopher Grant

Christopher or Chris Grant may refer to:
* Christopher Grant (cricketer) (1935–2017), English cricketer
* Christopher Grant, editor of the video game website Polygon
* Chris Grant (footballer) (born 1972), Australian rules footballer
* Chris Grant (basketball) (born 1972), basketball executive
* Chris Grant (media executive), American media executive