OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# City attorney

A city attorney is a position in city and municipal government in the United States. The city attorney is the attorney representing the municipality.
Unlike a district attorney or public defender, who usually handles criminal cases, a city attorney generally handles civil cases, advising the city on legal matters and representing it in court. City attorneys may advise city officials on a wide range of city business, ranging from nuisances to tax law to municipal annexations. A city attorney also advises the city's legislative body (such as a city council) on the legality of proposed actions and assists in the drafting of city ordinances and resolutions. In some jurisdictions, city attorneys also function as prosecutors, pursuing low-level criminal cases against persons charged with violating city ordinances, such as those relating to public drunkenness, traffic violations, zoning and building codes, and municipal health regulations. In California, city attorneys have the power to seek gang injunctions in a civil proceeding in California state courts.
The client of the city attorney is the city, and the city attorney is typically responsible to both the mayor and the city council. When the mayor and the city council disagree, or when city council members disagree among themselves, this can cause complexities, such as the application and waiver of the attorney–client privilege.
In some areas, the position of city attorney is a part-time position based on a retainer agreement, and city attorneys engage in the outside private practice of law. In some cities, the city attorney is elected, while in other cities, the city attorney is appointed. For example, in California, most large cities (including San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego) have elected city attorneys, while most of smaller cities appoint their city attorneys. In some cities, the city attorney position is very powerful. For example, the elected position of San Francisco City Attorney is important due to the large array of duties associated with the office. Unlike all other California counties, San Francisco is a consolidated city-county, meaning that the San Francisco City Attorney handles legal duties in areas that would in other counties be the responsibility of the county counsel (such as county health and social services functions) as well as the duties of all California city attorneys (police and fire). The San Francisco city attorney is also unusually powerful because of the broad scope of properties and activities operated by the city and county government (including land ownership in San Mateo County); for example, the city owns the San Francisco International Airport, Crystal Springs Reservoir, Sharp Park Golf Course, San Francisco Employees' Retirement System, and Port of San Francisco.
# Bombus alpinus

Bombus alpinus is a species of bumblebee. It is native to Europe and Eurasia, where it occurs in Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Romania, Russia, Sweden, and Switzerland.
This bee occurs in tundra habitats and alpine climates on mountains. It can be found in mountain meadows, heaths, and willow woodlands. It collects pollen from mountain plants such as willows, bog blueberry, bird's-foot trefoil, and louseworts.
Some populations are threatened by habitat degradation caused by climate change.
# Delicate blue-eye

The delicate blue-eye (Pseudomugil tenellus) is a species of fish in the subfamily Pseudomugilinae. It is found in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea.
# Coldest city

Coldest city may refer to:
* The Coldest City (2012 comic), Cold War spy story graphic novel set in Berlin, Germany
* The Coldest City (film), former name of the 2017 film based on the eponymous comic, which was renamed to "Atomic Blonde" prior to release

## Cities

* The coldest city, see List of weather records
** Yakutsk, Russia; coldest major city in winter
** Helsinki, Finland; coldest city to host the Summer Olympics
# Epanochori

Epanochori (Greek: Επανωχώρι) may refer to several places in Greece:
* Epanochori, Chania, a village in the regional unit of Chania
* Epanochori, Cephalonia, a settlement on the island of Cephalonia
# Daniel McIntyre (educator)

Daniel J. McIntyre OBE (1852–1946) was a public official and educator in Winnipeg, Manitoba, credited with developing the city's school system.
Winnipeg's Daniel McIntyre city ward and Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute are named after him.

## Biography
### Personal life

McIntyre was born on 27 August 1852 near Dalhousie, New Brunswick, the first son of Andrew McIntyre and Mary (née) Murray. He was educated at the Provincial Normal School in Fredericton.
On 7 July 1878, he married Mary Getchell. Together, they had five children: Andrew Murray McIntyre (1882–unknown), Donald Faison McIntyre, Alice Margery McIntyre (1889–1898), Henry Getchell McIntyre (1892–1898), and Stuart Scott McIntyre (1897–1917).

### Career and later life

He taught in schools in New Brunswick from 1872 to 1882, and was Superintendent of Schools in Portland, New Brunswick (now the north end of Saint John), from 1880 to 1882.
After studying at Dalhousie University, he was called to the bar in 1882. Instead of practicing law, however, McIntyre moved west to Manitoba in 1882 or 1883 to accept an appointment as principal of Carlton School in Winnipeg. In 1885, he was appointed Inspector of Protestant Public Schools and, in 1890, he became Superintendent of Public Schools, a position he held for 43 years. For around 3 decades, he served as representative of the teachers of the Eastern Division of Manitoba on the Advisory Board of Education.
From 1911 to 1912, he was president of the Manitoba Educational Association. He developed the Winnipeg School Board's curriculum and philosophy and was recognized with an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1912 from the University of Manitoba. He felt that "success in education came not from repression and torture but from the encouragement and happiness of the child" and that the development of the child is more important than the curriculum. He retired as superintendent in 1928.
McIntyre was also the first president of the Children's Aid Society in Winnipeg, and also actively worked with the Institute for the Blind.
He died in Winnipeg on 14 December 1946 and was buried in the Elmwood Cemetery.

## Recognition

Among other accolades, McIntyre has received the following recognition and commemoration for his work in education:
* in 1912, he was recognized with an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Manitoba
* in 1935, he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire
* the Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute of the Winnipeg School Division is named in his honour
* in 2016, he was inducted into the Winnipeg Citizens Hall of Fame
# Black hole greybody factors

Black hole greybody factors are functions of frequency and angular momentum that characterizes the deviation of the emission-spectrum of a black hole from a pure black-body spectrum. As a result of quantum effects, an isolated black hole emits radiation that, at the black-hole horizon, matches the radiation from a perfect black body. However, this radiation is scattered by the geometry of the black hole itself. Stated more intuitively, the particles emitted by the black hole are subject to the gravitational attraction of the black hole and so some of them fall back into the black hole. As a result, the actual spectrum measured by an asymptotic observer deviates from a black-body spectrum. This deviation is captured by the greybody factors. The name "greybody" is simply meant to indicate the difference of the spectrum of a black hole from a pure black body.
The greybody factors can be computed by a classical scattering computation of a wave-packet off the black hole.

## Mathematical definition

The rate at which a black hole emits particles with energy between $\hbar \omega$ and $\hbar (\omega +d\omega )$ and with angular momentum quantum numbers $\ell ,m$ is given by $d\Gamma ={\sigma _{\omega ,\ell ,m} \over e^{\hbar \omega \over kT}\pm 1}d\omega$ where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the Hawking temperature of the black hole. The constant in the denominator is 1 for Bosons and -1 for Fermions. The factors $\sigma _{\omega ,\ell ,m}$ are called the greybody factors of the black hole. For a charged black hole, these factors may also depend on the charge of the emitted particles.
# Duyvis Point

Duyvis Point (65°55′S 64°35′W﻿ / ﻿65.917°S 64.583°W﻿ / -65.917; -64.583) is the point forming the southeast side of the entrance to Urovene Cove situated 11 nautical miles (20 km) south-southeast of Cape Garcia and 2.65 km southeast of Laskar Point, on the southwest coast of Felipe Solo (Obligado) Peninsula, Graham Land in Antarctica. It was first roughly charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37. It was mapped more accurately by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey from photos taken by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for F. Donker Duyvis, a Dutch documentalist who was Secretary of the International Federation for Documentation.
# David Porzig

David Porzig (born 11 April 1974, in Cape Town) is a South African-born, former Australian representative former rower. He is a former Australian national champion, a medalist at World Rowing Championships and a winner of the Grand Challenge Cup at the Henley Royal Regatta

## Club and state rowing

Porzig learned to row at St Stithians College in Johannesburg. In 1989, Porzig's family emigrated to Perth, Australia, where he continued to row at Hale School.
Porizg first made state selection for Western Australia in the 1993 West Australian senior eight contesting the King's Cup at the Interstate Regatta. Porzig rowed in further West Australian King's Cup eights crew in 1994, 1995, 1996.
Like his brother, Porzig applied for and won a scholarship to the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra. During his senior Australian representative years, Porzig was selected in Australian Capital Territory eights to contest the King's Cup at the Interstate Regatta. He stroked the ACT eight of 1997 to a King's Cup victory and stroked two more ACT eights in 1998 and 1999.
In his seven consecutive King's Cup appearances – whether for Western Australia or the Australian Capital Territory – Porzig rowed each one in a crew with his older brother Nick Porzig.

## International representative rowing

Porzig made his national representative debut in the Australian men's eight in 1997. He raced at two World Rowing Cups in Europe that year and then at the Henley Royal Regatta as an Australian Institute of Sport crew the eight contested and won the 1997 Grand Challenge Cup. Porzig then finished his 1997 debut international season in the four seat of the eight when they competed at the 1997 World Rowing Championships in Aiguebelette and won a bronze medal.
Porzig continued on in the eight for the 1998 World Rowing Championships in Cologne where they rowed to a sixth placing. In 1999 the crew raced at the World Rowing Cup III before contesting the 1999 World Rowing Championships in St Catharine's Canada where they missed the A final and finished in seventh place. His brother Nick, after a one-year break, returned to the Australian eight in 1997 and they raced together in that boat in 1998 and 1999.

## Surfboats

In stillwater retirement Porzig took up surfboat rowing. He was in a North Cottesloe Beach SLSC boat with Jonathan Fievez (another international representative stillwater rower) which won the open men's surfboat category at the World Surflifesaving Championships in Victoria in 2006. He contested and won the open men's surfboat category at the Australian national titles racing for North Cottesloe Beach SLSC in the consecutive years of 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. As of 2018 Porzig was still competing in master's events in surfboat rowing.
# Book swapping

Book swapping or book exchange is the practice of a swap of books between one person and another. Practiced among book groups, friends and colleagues at work, it provides an inexpensive way for people to exchange books, find out about new books and obtain a new book to read without having to pay. Because swaps occur between individuals, without central distribution or warehousing, and without the copyright owner making a profit, the practice has been compared to peer-to-peer (P2P) systems such as BitTorrent—except that hard-copy original analog objects are exchanged.

## College book exchange programs

Many colleges and universities have developed online book exchange programs to help students save money on textbooks. Some colleges build their own systems and others use systems from third party service providers.

## Informal book exchanges

Some book exchanges are informal – a shelf or box is provided where books can be left or picked up. The exchange relies on users leaving and taking books and is generally not supervised.
This is a frequent practice in youth hostels where travellers can leave a book and take a different book with them. Some railway stations in Great Britain have informal book exchanges and one has also been set up in a phone box in Kington Magna.
Such bookshelves are popular also in Baltic states, funded by local municipalities or by the governments. In Riga, the society "Zero Waste Latvia" counted more than 20 bookshelves and boxes in 2024.

## Book swapping websites

* BookCrossing, an online book swapping site
* BookMooch, an online book swapping site
* ReadItSwapIt, an online book swapping site
* Little Free Library, trading posts that offer free books, housed in small containers, to members of the local community
* PaperBackSwap, an online book swapping club restricted to the USA
* Lenro, used to connect book readers locally (same college/neighborhood)
# Delicate deer mouse

The delicate deer mouse (Habromys delicatulus) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It was first described by Michael Carlton, Oscar Sanchez and Guillermina Urbano-Vidales after being discovered in a patch of cloud forest on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The species gets its name from its small size and delicate features compared to the other species within the genus Habromys.
# China men's national under-19 basketball team

The China national under-19 basketball team is the national basketball team of the People's Republic of China and is governed by the Chinese Basketball Association. It represents the country in international under-19 and under-18 (under age 19 and under age 18) basketball competitions.
As reigning champion of Asia, China achieved the 7th place at the recent 2013 FIBA Under-19 World Championship. This was the best finish in its history and the best finish ever of an Asian nation at this tournament.
# Benga (surname)

Benga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexandru Benga (born 1989), Romanian footballer
* Gheorghe Benga (born 1944), Romanian physician and molecular biologist
* Ota Benga, pygmy best known for his time at the Bronx Zoo
* Sokhna Benga (born 1967), Senegalese writer and poet
# Darnley Cascade

Darnley Cascade is a 4-metre-high (13 ft) cascade waterfall located at Crooks Hollow Conservation Area in Greensville, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Nearby attractions include Bruce Trail, Dundas Valley Conservation Area, Spencer Gorge/Webster's Falls Conservation Area, Hermitage ruins, Royal Botanical Gardens, Dundurn Castle, Christie Lake Conservation Area, Dundas Historical Society Museum and Carnegie Gallery.
The waterfall got its name from the Darnley Grist Mill, completed in 1813 by Scottish settler James Crooks, who admired Lord Darnley and claimed him as an ancestor. The grist mill was sold to James Stutt after Crooks' death in 1860. Darnley Cascade is sometimes referred to as Stutt's Falls, a name which is used on vintage postcards of the area. The mill burned down in 1934, but the ruins remain.
An article published in November 2020 states that the Darnley mill was expanded in 1829 to include "a distillery, a linseed oil mill, a cooperage, a card clothing factory, a fulling and drying works, a tannery, a woollen mill, a foundry, an agricultural implement factory and Upper Canada’s first paper mill". The community also grew in that era, with a general store and inn; residents lived along the valley road. Today, the site "is considered to be one of Ontario’s oldest ruins and is just one of the remains of the early industrial empire of James Crooks and of the community which became Crooks Hollow".
Another nearby mill which was destroyed by fire in 1875, also built by James Crooks, is considered to have been "Upper Canada's First Paper Mill (1826)".

## Directions

According to the Hamilton Waterfalls web site, the cascade and the grist mill ruin is not difficult to find.
   From Highway 403 take Highway 6 North (Guelph) exit and travel approximately 3 km to Hwy 5 E. (Dundas St. E.). Turn left on Hwy 5 E. and then turn left onto Ofield Rd. S. Turn right onto Harvest Rd., Harvest Rd. will become Crooks Hollow Rd. Park on the right, past the Spencer Creek bridge, at the Darnley Mill ruins.
# Bishal Bhattarai

Bishal Bhattarai (born April 4, 1969) in Khotang, Nepal is a Nepalese politician and serving as the Chief Whip of Nepal Communist Party(UML). He is the member of the House of Representatives (Nepal) elected from Khotang. He won the election for the Constituent Assembly in 2065 BS for the first time from Khotang-2.
# Dürnau

Dürnau may refer to two towns in Baden-Württemberg, Germany:
* Dürnau, Biberach, in the district of Biberach
* Dürnau, Göppingen, in the district of Göppingen
# Bonaventura Speeckaert

Bonaventura Speeckaert, religious name of Ingelbertus Speeckaert (c. 1570–1633) was a member of the Capuchin Order from the Low Countries. He had a reputation as a preacher and was the author of at least one devotional work in Dutch.

## Life

Speeckaert was born in Brussels, the son of Judocus Speeckaert and Barbara Vandenbroecke, and was baptised Ingelbertus in Brussels Minster on 12 May 1575. He entered the Capuchin novitiate in Brussels, under the novice master Felix van Lapedon, taking the name in religion Bonaventura. He was professed as a Capuchin on 14 July 1593, giving his age as 23. In 1597 he was living in Tournai. As a young priest in 1603 he was made a prior and put in charge of the construction of a new friary in Meenen.
In 1608 he became custos in Leuven and the following year first prior of the new foundation in Ypres. He was in the Antwerp house in 1611, in Brussels in 1612, in the Rhineland 1614–1617, and was appointed preacher and confessor in Ghent on 6 July 1617. He died in Brussels on 17 February 1633.

## Works

* Den Spieghel der Patientie onses salighmakers Iesu Christi ghebenedijdt (Antwerp, Joannes Cnobbaert, 1632)
# Delicate dragonet

The delicate dragonet (Callionymus delicatulus) is a species of dragonet native to the Red Sea through the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean. It occurs at depths of from 1 to 20 metres (3.3 to 65.6 ft). This species grows to a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) TL.
# Coelognathosuchia

Coelognathosuchia is an extinct clade of neosuchian crocodyliforms that includes all taxa more closely related to the family Pholidosauridae than to Bernissartia fagesii or Eusuchia. Martin et al. (2014) named the clade after finding goniopholidids and pholidosaurids to group together in their phylogenetic analysis of crocodyliform evolutionary relationships. In their analysis, Pholidosauridae was monophyletic and Goniopholididae was paraphyletic, being an assemblage of successively more basal taxa within Coelognathosuchia. Coelognathosuchia itself was positioned near the base of the larger clade Neosuchia as the sister group to a clade containing the Early Cretaceous neosuchian Bernissartia and Eusuchia, the group that includes all modern crocodilians and their closest extinct relatives.
Martin et al. named Coelognathosuchia from the Greek κοῖλος (koĩlos, "concave"), γνάθος (gnáthos, "jaw") and σοῦχος (soũchos, "crocodile"), after a small depression on the surface of the skull between the maxilla and jugal bones in both goniopholidids and pholidosaurs. Other diagnostic features of Coelognathosuchia include orbits (eye sockets) that are narrower than the frontal bone that separates them and smaller than the supratemporal fenestrae (two holes at the back of the skull roof) behind them, a notch between the premaxilla and maxilla at the tip of the snout, and the reduction or absence of the antorbital fenestrae (a pair of holes in the snout in front of each orbit).
A close relationship between Goniopholididae and Pholidosauridae conflicts with the hypothesis that pholidosaurids are instead more closely related to the family Dyrosauridae. This alternate phylogeny was found in many analyses, including Jouve et al. (2006), Pol and Gasparini (2009), and de Andrade et al. (2011), who named the clade Tethysuchia. In both studies, Goniopholididae was found to be a more distantly related clade within Neosuchia. In their description of Pholidosaurus specimens from southwestern France, Martin and colleagues reiterated their opinion that Dyrosauridae is not as closely related to Pholidosauridae as stated by previous authors by pointing to numerous shared characters between the Cherves-de-Cognac pholidosaurid remains and Goniopholididae.
# Chim Lingrel

Paul Chalmer Lingrel (January 21, 1899 – March 11, 1962) was a professional football player who played in the National Football League during the 1923 season. That season, he joined the NFL's Oorang Indians. The Indians were a team based in LaRue, Ohio, composed only of Native Americans, and coached by Jim Thorpe.
# Changsha Mosque

Changsha Mosque (simplified Chinese: 长沙清真寺; traditional Chinese: 長沙清真寺; pinyin: Chángshā Qīngzhēnsì) is a mosque located on Mount Huilong (回龙山) in Tianxin District of Changsha, Hunan, China. Changsha Mosque is the site of Changsha Islamic Association.

## History

Changsha Mosque was first built by businessmen from both Henan and Shaanxi provinces in 1711 in the Qing dynasty with the name of "Kèsì" (客寺).
In 1918, businessmen from Nanjing added Jingling School (镜陵义学) to the south of the mosque.
In 1938, a fire destroyed most of the buildings. Then the local Muslims rebuilt the mosque.
During the Cultural Revolution, the Quran written by ancient Imam were burned by the Red Guards.
In 1985, Changsha government had budgeted RMB 0.85 million yuan to build a new mosque on Mount Huilong in Tianxin District near Baisha Well.

## Architecture

The mosque was built with Islamic architecture style and covers an area of 3,948-square-metre (0.976-acre) including the 1,400-square-metre (0.35-acre) of constructed area. It consists of prayer hall, pavilion, wing room and other facilities. The prayer hall is a three-story building.

## Transportation

* Take bus No. 314, 171, 139, 108 to Baisha Well Bus Stop (白沙井站).
# Black-vented oriole

The black-vented oriole (Icterus wagleri) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
# Düring

Düring is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Christian Düring (born 1939), German former sports shooter
* Jan Erik Düring (1926–2014), Norwegian film director
* Niclas Düring (born 1990), Swedish sailor
* Ingemar Düring (1903–1984), Swedish classical philologist
* Svend von Düring (1915–1969), Norwegian actor
# Ciupercenii Noi

Ciupercenii Noi is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 5,899 people. It is composed of two villages, Ciupercenii Noi and Smârdan.