OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability

The Bernoulli Society is a professional association that aims to further the progress of probability and mathematical statistics, founded as part of the International Statistical Institute in 1975. It is named after the Bernoulli family of mathematicians and scientists, whose researchers covered "most areas of scientific knowledge".
The society publishes two journals, Bernoulli and Stochastic Processes and their Applications, and a newsletter, Bernoulli News. Additionally, it co-sponsors several other journals including Electronic Communications in Probability, Electronic Journal of Probability, Electronic Journal of Statistics, Probability Surveys, and Statistics Surveys.

## Presidents of the Bernoulli Society

A list of the presidents of the society from its foundation to the current day.
* 1975 David George Kendall
* 1975 David Blackwell
* 1977 Klaus Krickeberg
* 1979 David Cox
* 1981 Pál Révész
* 1983 Elizabeth Scott
* 1985 Chris Heyde
* 1987 Willem van Zwet
* 1989 Albert Shiryaev
* 1991 Peter J. Bickel
* 1993 Ole Barndorff-Nielsen
* 1995 Jozef Teugels
* 1997 Louis Chen
* 1999 David Siegmund
* 2001 Peter G. Hall
* 2003 Donald A. Dawson
* 2005 Peter Jagers
* 2007 Jean Jacod
* 2009 Victor Perez-Abreu
* 2011 Edward C. Waymire
* 2013 Wilfrid Kendall
* 2015 Sara van de Geer
* 2017 Susan Murphy
* 2019 Claudia Klüppelberg
* 2021 Adam Jakubowski
* 2023 Victor Panaretos
* 2025 Nancy Reid
# 2019–20 GFA Premier League

The 2019–20 GFA Premier League was the 36th season of the GFA Premier League, the top division football competition in Grenada. Instead of a normal league competition, a cup competition, branded as the 2020 GFA Club Championship was played. The season began on 4 January 2020 and was scheduled to end on 22 March 2020, but was postponed for five months due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The final rounds of the season were played from 15 August 2020 until 29 August 2020.

## Group stage
### Group A
### Group G

NB: a fourth team was to be invited for this group but apparently no interested club could be found.

### Group H
## Knock-out stage
### Quarterfinals

First legs played on 14–15 February 2020, second legs played on 28–29 February 2020.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Fontenoy United | 4–3 | Shamrock | 2–1 | 2–2 |
| Hard Rock | 4–3 | St. John's Sports | 1–1 | 3–2 |
| GBSS | 2–7 | SAB Spartans | 2–1 | 0–6 |
| Hurricanes | 6–3 | Eagles Super Strikers | 1–1 | 5–2 |

### Semifinals

First legs played on 15–16 August 2020, second legs played on 22–23 August 2020. All matches played at the Kirani James Athletic Stadium.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Hurricanes | 7–5 | Hard Rock | 3–1 | 4–4 |
| SAB Spartans | 6–7 | Fontenoy United | 3–4 | 3–3 |
# Carl-Oscar Agell

Colonel Carl-Oscar Agell (29 August 1894 – 12 October 1983) was a Swedish Army officer. He served in Finland during the Winter War and back in Sweden he became commanding officer of the Jämtland Ranger Regiment. Agell headed the Swedish Delegation to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission and became the civil defence chief in Norrköping before retiring in 1958.

## Early life

Agell was born on 29 August 1894 in Hjo, Sweden, the son of Nils Andersson, a mill and saw owner, and his wife Blenda (née Samuelson). He passed the studentexamen in Växjö in 1913.

## Career

Agell was commissioned as an officer in 1915 and assigned as a second lieutenant to the Kronoberg Regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1918 and to captain in 1930. Agell served on the General Staff in 1932 and with the Göta Life Guards (I 2) in 1935 and was promoted to major in 1936.
He was acting head of the Royal Military Academy in 1937 and became a lieutenant colonel in the Finnish Army as part of the Swedish Volunteer Corps during the Winter War in 1940. After Lieutenant Colonel Magnus Dyrssen was killed on 1 March 1940, Agell took command of the 1st Battlegroup. Back in Sweden, Agell was a lieutenant colonel with the Norrbotten Regiment (I 19) the same year. He was promoted to colonel two year later in 1942 and assumed command of the Jämtland Ranger Regiment (I 5) in 1942.
Agell was appointed commander of the Norrköping-Linköping Defence District (Norrköping-Lindköpings försvarsområde) in 1949 and was the head of the Swedish Delegation to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission from 1 May 1954 to 31 November 1955, with a temporary rank of major general. He then was the civil defence chief in Norrköping from 1956 to 1958.

## Personal life

In 1925, he married Anna-Lisa Lundbohm (born 1898), the daughter of managing director Ferdinand Lundbohm and Anna Möller. Agell was the father of Margaretha (born 1929), Christer (born 1931) and Elisabeth (born 1936). He was a member of Rotary International. Agell and his wife moved to Weda seat farm in Lästringe, Nyköping Municipality in July 1959 and then in the spring of 1964 they moved to Hörningsholm Castle, where they rented a villa in the castle's parkland.

## Awards and decorations

Agell's awards:

### Swedish

* Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Sword (15 November 1949)
* Home Guard Medal of Merit in Gold
* Swedish Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training Medal of Merit in silver
* Jämtland County Shooting Federation's gold medal (Jämtlands läns skytteförbunds guldmedalj)
* Linköping Association for Volunteer Military Training's gold medal (Linköping's befäls (utbildnings) förbunds guldmedalj)
* Swedish Military Sports Association's silver medal (Sveriges militära idrottsförbunds silvermedalj)
* Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization's silver medal (Sveriges lottakårers silvermedalj)
* Army Shooting Medal (Arméns skyttemedalj)

### Foreign

* Fourth Class of the Order of the Cross of Liberty with swords
* Finnish War Memorial Medal
# Aldina

Aldina is a genus of trees in the Fabaceae native to the Guiana Shield and northern Amazonia. It is found in lowland humid forests. It is included in the Andira clade.

## Species

Aldina comprises the following species:
* Aldina amazonica M. Yu. Gontsch. & Yakovlev
* Aldina aurea Cowan
* Aldina berryi Cowan & Steyerm.
* Aldina discolor Benth.
* Aldina elliptica Cowan
* Aldina heterophylla Benth.
* Aldina insignis (Benth.) Endl.
* Aldina kunhardtiana Cowan
* Aldina latifolia Benth.
* Aldina macrophylla Benth.
* Aldina microphylla M. Yu. Gontsch. & Yakovlev
* Aldina occidentalis Ducke
* Aldina paulberryi G.A. Aymard
* Aldina petiolulata Cowan
* Aldina polyphylla Ducke
* Aldina reticulata Cowan
* Aldina yapacanensis Cowan

## Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:
* Aldina aquae-negrae M.Yu.Gontsch. & Yakovlev
* Aldina barnebyana M.Yu.Gontsch. & Yakovlev
* Aldina diplogyne Stergios & Aymard
* Aldina polycarpa Stergios & Aymard
* Aldina rio-negrae M.Yu.Gontsch. & Yakovlev
* Aldina speciosa M.Yu.Gontsch. & Yakovlev
* Aldina stergiosii M.Yu.Gontsch. & Yakovlev
# Bertha Lamme Feicht

Bertha Lamme Feicht (December 16, 1869 – November 20, 1943) was an American engineer. In 1893, she became the first woman to receive a degree in engineering from the Ohio State University. She is considered to be the first American woman to graduate in a main discipline of engineering other than civil engineering.

## Early life and education

She was born Bertha Lamme on her family's farm in Bethel Township near Springfield, Ohio on December 16, 1869.
After graduating from Olive Branch High School in 1889, she followed in her brother, Benjamin G. Lamme's footsteps and enrolled at Ohio State that fall.
She graduated in 1893 with a degree in mechanical engineering with a specialty in electricity. Her thesis was titled "An Analysis of Tests of a Westinghouse Railway Generator." The student newspaper reported that there was an outbreak of spontaneous applause when she received her degree.

## Career

She was then hired by Westinghouse as its first female engineer. She worked there until she married Russell S. Feicht, her supervisor and fellow Ohio State alumnus, on December 14, 1905.

## Personal life

She had one child, Florence, born in 1910, who became a physicist for the U.S. Bureau of Mines.
Bertha Lamme Feicht died in Pittsburgh on November 20, 1943 and was buried in Homewood Cemetery.
Her husband Russell died in April 1949.

## Legacy

Some of her personal effects, including her slide rule, T-square, and diploma, are housed in the collections of the Heinz History Center in Pittsburgh.
The Westinghouse Educational Foundation, in conjunction with the Society of Women Engineers, created a scholarship named for her in 1973.
# Bernotas

Bernotas is a Lithuanian language family name. It may refer to:
* Arturs Bernotas, Latvian chess player
* Eric Bernotas, American skeleton racer
* Juozas Bernotas, Lithuanian windsurfer
* Violeta Bernotaitė, Lithuanian olympic rower
* Albinas Bernotas [lt], Lithuanian state prize winning poet and translator
# Baofeng Lake

Baofeng Lake (Chinese: 宝峰湖), also spelled Baofeng Hu, is an artificial fresh-water lake in the Wulingyuan Scenic Area located on the south side of Suoxiyu Village, Wulingyuan District, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan, China. It was created in the 1970s.
The lake is an artificial reservoir that is created by blocking gorge and building dam, its average depth is 72 metres (236 ft), length is 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi), and it is surrounded by forested stone peaks.
Baofeng Lake is one of the filming locations for the TV series Journey to the West and Wulong Mountain Suppression of Bandits.

## History

In the 1970s, Suoxiyu's local villagers built dams to generate electricity, which inadvertently created a lake. The lake was named Baofeng Lake because it is backed by the Baofeng Mountain.
# 2019–20 GKK Šibenka season

The 2019–20 GKK Šibenka season is the 10th season in the existence of the club. The club played in the Croatian League.

## Overview

On 13 June 2019, club's main sponsor Doğuş Group reported they will leave the club after 7 years as the main sponsor. On 27 June 2019, it was established a new board and owner led by the president Ante Burić. On 6 August 2019, club board reported that the club was changed name to GKK Šibenka (Građanski košarkaški klub Šibenka fully).

## Players
### Depth chart

| Pos. | Starting 5 | Bench 1 | Bench 2 | Bench 3 |
| C | Ivan Vraneš | Valentin Jurković | Zvonimir Ivišić | |
| PF | Tonko Vuko | | | |
| SF | Toni Nakić | Tomislav Ivišić | | |
| SG | Ivan Mileković | Domagoj Bašić | Juraj Pleadin | Ivan Živković |
| PG | Jakov Vladović | Domagoj Šarić | Ivan Gulin | Marko Vlaić |

### Transactions
#### Players In

| No. | Pos. | Name | Moving from | Date |
| 13 | C | Mladen Primorac | Bosco | 19 July 2019 |
| 3 | G/F | Ivan Mileković | Adria Oil Škrljevo | 24 July 2019 |
| 4 | PG | Jakov Vladović | Cedevita Junior | 12 August 2019 |
| 0 | C | Eric Cobb | Connecticut | 20 September 2019 |
| 15 | SF | Vladimir Dašić | Zadar | 20 September 2019 |
| 13 | C | Ivan Vraneš | Gorica | 11 December 2019 |
| | C | Valentin Jurković | SC Luetzel Basketball | 7 January 2020 |

#### Players Out

| No. | Pos. | Name | Moving to | Date |
| 23 | PG | Nikola Korač | Novi Pazar | July 2019 |
| 3 | G/F | Ivan Mileković | Adria Oil Škrljevo | July 2019 |
| 44 | PG | Martin Klepo | Pula 1981 | 13 August 2019 |
| 13 | C | Mladen Primorac | | 9 November 2019 |
| 15 | SF | Vladimir Dašić | | 2 December 2019 |
| 0 | C | Eric Cobb | | 13 December 2019 |
| 44 | PF | Pavao Paić | | 28 January 2020 |

## Club
### Technical Staff

| Position | Staff member |
| General Manager | Damir Grandeš |
| Sports Director | Filip Vukičević |
| Head coach | Edi Dželalija |
| Assistant coaches | Petar Maleš |
| Assistant coaches | Dženan Rahimić |
| Conditioning coach | Krešo Baljkas |
| Physiotherapist | Slaven Periša |

## Competitions
### Croatian League
#### Regular season

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| 3 | Split | 21 | 15 | 6 | 1823 | 1645 | +178 | 36 |
| 4 | Gorica | 21 | 15 | 6 | 1756 | 1585 | +171 | 36 |
| 5 | Šibenka | 21 | 12 | 9 | 1689 | 1687 | +2 | 33 |
| 6 | Vrijednosnice | 21 | 11 | 10 | 1861 | 1889 | −28 | 32 |
| 7 | Zabok | 21 | 9 | 12 | 1714 | 1646 | +68 | 30 |
Win  Loss
# 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships – Men's 100 metres backstroke

The men's 100 metres backstroke at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships was held at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin from 13 to 19 August. 10 classification finals are held in all over this event.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| S2 | Jacek Czech (POL) | 2:11.36 | Aristeidis Makrodimitris (GRE) | 2:19.27 | Anton Kol (UKR) | 2:27.51 |
| S6 | Dino Sinovčić (CRO) | 1:16.08 | Fabian Brune (GER) | 1:21.80 | Oleksandr Komarov (UKR) | 1:22.21 |
| S7 | Ievgenii Bogodaiko (UKR) | 1:12.52 | Federico Becelli (ITA) | 1:12.63 | Mark Malyar (ISR) | 1:13.89 |
| S8 | Jurijs Semjonovs (LAT) | 1:09.45 | Inigo Llopis Sanz (ESP) | 1:12.85 | Sergio Salvador Martos Minguet (ESP) | 1:13.17 |
| S9 | Ugo Didier (FRA) | 1:03.10 ER | Thijs van den End (NED) | 1:05.08 | Tamás Tóth [hu] (HUN) | 1:05.65 |
| S10 | Maksym Krypak (UKR) | 57.68 | Stefano Raimondi (ITA) | 59.30 | Riccardo Menciotti (ITA) | 1:00.35 |
| S11 | Vyktor Smyrnov (UKR) | 1:09.96 | Wojciech Makowski (POL) | 1:11.00 | Marco Meneses (POR) | 1:14.08 |
| S12 | Iaroslav Denysenko (UKR) | 59.97 | Sergii Klippert (UKR) | 1:00.25 | Stephen Clegg (GBR) | 1:01.52 |
| S13 | Ihar Boki (BLR) | 57.00 | Kyrylo Garashchenko (UKR) | 1:01.20 | Antti Antero Latikka (FIN) | 1:02.17 |
| S14 | Marc Evers (NED) | 1:01.25 | Jordan Catchpole (GBR) | 1:01.71 | Vasyl Krainyk (UKR) | 1:01.74 |
| WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season) |||||| |
# Carlisle Adams

Carlisle M. Adams is a Canadian cryptographer and computer security researcher. Formerly senior cryptographer at Entrust, he is currently a professor at the University of Ottawa. His notable work includes the design (with Stafford Tavares) of the block ciphers CAST-128 and CAST-256, whose S-boxes are based on the non-linear properties of bent functions. He also helped organize the first Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC) workshop in 1994. He is also the security advisor of the Ottawa-based electronic signature company Signority.
# Carlo Manfredi

Carlo Manfredi may refer to:
* Carlo I Manfredi (1406–1410), brother of Guidantonio Manfredi, lord of Faenza
* Carlo II Manfredi (1439–1484), lord of Faenza
# Aleksandr Danilin

Aleksandr Danilin (20 June 1961 – 26 January 2019) was a Soviet speed skater. He competed in the men's 500 metres event at the 1984 Winter Olympics.
# 2008–09 Isle of Man League

The 2008–09 Isle of Man League was the 100th season of Football league on the Isle of Man.
There were two tiers of men's football, consisting 27 clubs, the Sure Mobile Premier League and the CFS Division Two. There were six senior cup competitions – the Manx FA Cup, Railway Cup, Hospital Cup, Woods Cup, Paul Henry Gold Cup and the Charity Shield. Each club had a reserve team in the Isle of Man Football Combination, and they compete in the Junior Cup. There was also the Cowell Cup, an annual Under-19 tournament.

## League tables
### Premier League

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Relegation |
| 1 | St Georges (C) | 24 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 85 | 28 | +57 | 58 | |
| 2 | Peel | 24 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 74 | 27 | +47 | 57 | |
| 3 | Rushen United | 24 | 17 | 2 | 5 | 60 | 26 | +34 | 53 | |
| 4 | St Marys | 24 | 16 | 3 | 5 | 62 | 40 | +22 | 51 | |
| 5 | Douglas HSOB | 24 | 16 | 2 | 6 | 68 | 43 | +25 | 50 | |
| 6 | Laxey | 24 | 11 | 3 | 10 | 49 | 37 | +12 | 36 | |
| 7 | Gymnasium | 24 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 58 | 70 | −12 | 27 | |
| 8 | Ramsey | 24 | 8 | 2 | 14 | 40 | 50 | −10 | 26 | |
| 9 | Michael United | 24 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 34 | 68 | −34 | 22 | |
| 10 | Union Mills | 24 | 6 | 3 | 15 | 40 | 76 | −36 | 21 | |
| 11 | Corinthians | 24 | 5 | 2 | 17 | 39 | 71 | −32 | 17 | |
| 12 | Colby (R) | 24 | 5 | 2 | 17 | 33 | 73 | −40 | 17 | Relegation to Isle of Man League Division 2 |
| 13 | Ayre United (R) | 24 | 4 | 2 | 18 | 42 | 75 | −33 | 14 | Relegation to Isle of Man League Division 2 |

### Division 2

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| 1 | St Johns United (C, P) | 26 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 133 | 27 | +106 | 73 | Promotion to Isle of Man League Premier Division |
| 2 | Castletown Metropolitan (P) | 26 | 23 | 1 | 2 | 141 | 32 | +109 | 70 | Promotion to Isle of Man League Premier Division |
| 3 | Pulrose United | 26 | 20 | 2 | 4 | 123 | 43 | +80 | 62 | |
| 4 | Marown | 26 | 19 | 0 | 7 | 110 | 53 | +57 | 57 | |
| 5 | Ramsey YCOB | 26 | 14 | 4 | 8 | 95 | 65 | +30 | 46 | |
| 6 | Braddan | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 82 | 72 | +10 | 43 | |
| 7 | Douglas Royal | 26 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 94 | 79 | +15 | 39 | |
| 8 | Malew | 26 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 75 | 70 | +5 | 37 | |
| 9 | Onchan | 26 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 79 | 94 | −15 | 28 | |
| 10 | Douglas and District | 26 | 7 | 1 | 18 | 51 | 117 | −66 | 22 | |
| 11 | Foxdale | 26 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 58 | 99 | −41 | 19 | |
| 12 | Police | 26 | 5 | 2 | 19 | 50 | 136 | −86 | 17 | |
| 13 | Northern Athletic | 26 | 3 | 1 | 22 | 29 | 108 | −79 | 10 | Club folded |
| 14 | Ronaldsway | 26 | 1 | 4 | 21 | 47 | 172 | −125 | 7 | |

## Cups

Cup results for 2008–09:

### FA Cup

Douglas HSOB 1–1 (3–2 on pens.) St Georges

### Railway Cup

Peel 0–1 Rushen United

### Hospital Cup

St Georges 2–1 Laxey

### Woods Cup

Douglas Royal 1–0 Pulrose United

### Paul Henry Gold Cup

Castletown Metropolitan 4–0 Marown

### Cowell Cup (U19)

Castletown Metropolitan 3–1 St Johns United
# Carl Wilson (writer)

Carl Wilson is a Canadian music critic who has written for many publications including The Globe and Mail and, as of 2022, Slate. He started the Zoilus blog. He is most well known for his book Let's Talk About Love: A Journey to the End of Taste. It was published in Continuum's 33⅓ series. Though set up as a critique of Celine Dion's album Let's Talk About Love, Wilson attempts to critique himself and music criticism in general. In 2014, an expanded version of Let's Talk About Love was released, featuring essays by, among others, James Franco, Mary Gaitskill, Nick Hornby, and Krist Novoselic.
# Betty Harford

Betty Harford (born January 28, 1927) is an American actress. She appeared in numerous classic television shows such as Gunsmoke, The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, The Paper Chase and Dynasty.

## Career

Harford appeared in numerous John Houseman theatrical productions and in the High Valley Theater of Iris Tree.
She appeared in episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Gunsmoke, Dr. Kildare, The Twilight Zone, The Big Valley and The Paper Chase.
In the 1959 film The Wild and the Innocent, Harford was Ms. Forbes, caring after Sandra Dee's character. Christopher Isherwood found her acting in the 1965 movie Inside Daisy Clover, where she played the sister, Gloria, of Natalie Wood's lead character, as "too much bigger than life, like an actress out of the Moscow Art Theatre."
Harford had the recurring role of cook Hilda Gunnerson in the soap opera Dynasty, appearing in the series throughout its nine-year run from 1981 to 1989, and reprising the part for Dynasty: The Reunion in 1991.
She was Mrs Nottingham, the "ever-efficient secretary" of Professor Charles Kingsfield, in the series The Paper Chase, during its 1978–79 season, and when the show was brought back by Showtime in 1983.

## Personal life

Harford was married to California sculptor Oliver Andrews. They had a son they named Chris (born September 29, 1952), and separated in the late 1970s. She lived with Hungarian actor Alex de Naszody, until his death.

## Selected filmography

* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955) (Season 1 Episode 12: "Santa Claus and the Tenth Avenue Kid") as Doris
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1957) (Season 2 Episode 18: "The Manacled") as Waitress
* The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 2 Episode 26: "Ten Minutes from Now") as Museum Patron
* The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 3 Episode 7: "The McGregor Affair") as Elsie Muldoon
* The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1965) (Season 3 Episode 22: "Thou Still Unravished Bride") as Woman
# Banmédica

Banmédica is a private health insurance company from Chile.
# Carlo Mairani

Carlo Mairani (16 February 1883 – 18 July 1959) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. He competed in the 1905 Giro di Lombardia, 1906 Giro di Lombardia and 1908 Giro di Lombardia

## Major results

* 1905
** 5th Giro di Lombardia
* 1906
** 8th Giro di Lombardia
* 1908
** 4th Giro di Lombardia
# Alex Latio Elia

Alex Latio Elia (born 12 August 1984) is a South Sudanese politician. Since 2023, Elia has served as the Minister of Animal Resources Fisheries and of Tourism for Central Equatoria State in the Transitional Government of National Unity (RTGoNU).

## Career

Alex Latio was appointed to the ministerial position when the Transitional Government of National Unity (R-TGoNU) was formed in February 2021. Latio is also the leader of the National Agenda, a registered political party in South Sudan, and was a signatory of the revitalized peace agreement.
In September 2022, Latio cautioned students from the University of Juba against early engagement in politics, urging them instead to prioritize their studies.
# Alessandro Riberi

Alessandro Riberi (Stroppo, 24 April 1794 – Cuneo, 18 November 1861) was a surgeon, physician, academic and Italian politician. He was considered to be the most distinguished Italian physician of his time. He founded the Italian army medical corps.

## Biography

Alessandro Riberi was born on 24 April 1794 in Stroppo. He graduated at the University of Turin in Surgery in 1815 and then in Medicine at the University of Genoa in 1817. In 1820 he became assistant in the clinic of San Giovanni Hospital. In 1822 he was appointed assistant surgeon and anatomic engraver in the same hospital. In the same year he was named major surgeon by King Charles Felix. In 1826 he became operative surgery and obstetrics professor and then he founded the Laboratory of Anatomy and Surgery. When Charles Albert became the King of Sardinia in 1831, Riberi was appointed surgeon of the Royal House.
In 1843 he was named president of the Major Military Council of Health and he founded the Giornale di Medicina Militare. He successfully support enaction of a law requiring all military physicians to be surgeons as well. He introduced the use of anesthesia in hospitals. In 1848 he was appointed member of the Council of Dronero and the next year he became a member of the Italian Senate. In 1848 he became counselor of the king and then member of the Superior Council of Education. In 1849 he went to Oporto to cure his dying friend Charles Albert. He was a member of the Superior Council of Health, board of directors of the clinic of San Giovanni Hospital, the Work of Motherhood Administration and of Charity General Hospice in Turin. He was also a member of the French Académie nationale de médecine, the St. Petersburg Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, the Accademia Fisio-Medico-Statistica di Milano, Marsiglia Academic Society of Medicine, and the Barcelona and Lisbon Medical Societies. He was president of the faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Turin. He was a skillful surgeon. Riberi's students could admire his safety, his calm, his foresight and his orderliness during surgical operations. In 1861 he tried to treat in vain Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour.
He never married. In the last years of his life he opened a pathological museum in San Giovanni Hospital in which he had been surgeon for thirty-five years. He renounced his salary to improve the hospital. He died in 1861 as a result of entero rheumatic peritonitis. He is buried in the Monumental Cemetery of Turin.

## Selected works

Riberi was a prolific writer.
Some of his treatises have been digitized, including:
Sulla cancrena contagiosa; o, Nosocomiale con alcune cenni sopra una risipola contagiosa (1820)
Trattato di blefarottalmo-terapia operativa (1836)
Dei seni e delle fistole in genere e delle principali malattie delle vie lagrimali colle operazioni che le ragguardano (1832)