OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus

Bernard of Compostella the Older (Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus) was a canonist of the early thirteenth century, a native of Compostela in Spain. He is called Antiquus to distinguish him from Bernardus Compostellanus Junior.
He became a professor of canon law in the Italian University of Bologna.
Bernard compiled a collection of the decrees promulgated by Innocent III during the first ten years of his pontificate (1198–1208). This work, often called by the scholars of Bologna "Compilatio Romana", because the author took his documents from the Roman archives, was not of much practical worth, since an official or authentic collection, extending to 1210, rendered Bernard's compilation superfluous. Only portions of either of these collections were printed (ed. "Ant. Augustini Opera", Lucca, 1769, IV, 600-608) until 1914.
# Berhthun (bishop)

Berhthun (or Beorhthun; died c. 778) was a medieval Bishop of Lichfield.
Berhthun was consecrated about 769 and died between 777 and 779.

## Citations

* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 218
# Berneuil, Charente

Berneuil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.
# Bernetz

Bernetz may refer to:

## Places

* Bernetz River, a river in Eeyou Istchee Baie-James, Quebec, Canada
* Lake Bernetz, a lake in the unorganized territory of Lac-Despinassy in Abitibi-Témiscamingue
* Lake Bernetz, a lake in the municipality of Lac-Bouchette in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

## People with the name

* Christian Berentz (1658–1722), also known as Cristiano Bernetz, German Baroque painter
# Berks County Community Foundation

Berks County Community Foundation is a public benefit organization located in Reading, Pennsylvania. The Foundation's mission is to promote philanthropy and improve the quality of life for the residents of Berks County, Pennsylvania.
Berks County Community Foundation is a member of the Council on Foundations.

## History

The foundation was started in 1994 with grants from the Wyomissing Foundation, a local private foundation. Like other community foundations, it works with people, businesses and organizations to set up charitable funds that make grants to causes they care about. It manages hundreds of charitable funds, Some people create funds while they are alive, others in their will.
The foundation's articles of incorporation were filed June 7, 1994. The Wyomissing Foundation gave the fledgling Community Foundation $1 million in initial operating funds. The United Way of Berks County housed the Community Foundation for more than two years until the Community Foundation could afford its own space.
Kevin Murphy was hired as the Foundation's first employee in 1994 and has remained president ever since.
In 2015, a $100,000 grant from the Community Foundation's Hawley and Myrtle Quier Fund to the Reading Downtown Improvement District started the free Downtown Alive outdoor concert series . n.
In 2021, Berks County Community Foundation received a gift of $25 million to establish the Berks Nature Endowment Fund. It is the largest designated fund administered by Berks County Community Foundation.
# Berryton, Kansas

Berryton is an unincorporated community in Shawnee County, Kansas, United States. It is located east of the Topeka Regional Airport.

## History

Berryton was laid out in 1888 and named for its two founders, George Washington Berry and his son George Webster Berry. The first post office in Berryton was established in May 1888. In 1912 the town was described as, "a little village of Shawnee county, is a station on the Missouri Pacific R. R., 9 miles southeast of the city of Topeka. It has a money order postoffice with one rural delivery route, and is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. The population in 1910 was 75."
It currently has a post office, an elementary school, an event center, and two churches.

## Demographics

Berryton is part of the Topeka, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Education

The community is served by Shawnee Heights USD 450 public school district. The Shawnee Heights High School mascot is Thunderbirds.
Berryton High School was closed through school unification. The Berryton Buffaloes won the Kansas State High School class B baseball championship in 1951.
# Bersillies

Bersillies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Bersillies | The arms of Bersillies are blazoned : Or, 3 chevrons sable. (Bersillies, Boeschepe, Boussières-sur-Sambre, Colleret, Cousolre, Flaumont-Waudrechies, Hautmont, Limont-Fontaine, Lompret, Masny, Neuville-en-Avesnois and Saint-Rémy-du-Nord use the same arms.) |
# Bertha LaBranche Johnson

Bertha LaBranche Johnson (May 7, 1882 – February 24, 1971) was an American educator and clubwoman. She was co-founder and president of the Prentiss Institute in Jefferson Davis County, Mississippi, and president of the Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. In 1943, she was described as "probably the best known Negro woman, nationally, within the Magnolia state."

## Early life and education

Bertha LaBranche was born in Wesson, Mississippi, the daughter of Jule LaBranche and Onie Smith LaBranche. She graduated from Tuskegee Institute in 1902. She received an honorary master's degree from Tuskegee in 1941. She was a member of Delta Sigma Theta.

## Career

With her husband, Johnson co-founded the Prentiss Normal and Industrial Institute in Mississippi, a rural school they opened in 1906. The school succeeded, and expanded to include secondary classes and a junior college by 1953. In 1955, the campus became home to the first Heifer International program in the United States, when a campus dairy was built by the charity. She was president of the school from 1954 to 1971.
Johnson and her husband also founded Oak Park Vocational School in 1927, in Laurel, Mississippi. This school focused on agricultural training courses. She was a member of the Mississippi Association of Teachers in Colored Schools.
Johnson was president of the Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. She was also active in the National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, serving as its statistician for five years. She worked for libraries to serve Black patrons in Mississippi, for senior housing and care, for special education opportunities for Black children with disabilities, and other causes. She wrote a book about the work of Black clubwomen in Mississippi, Lifting as We Climb (1940). She was named Outstanding Woman of the Year by the National Association of Colored Women in 1951.

## Publications

* Lifting as We Climb (1940)

## Personal life and legacy

LaBranche married Jonas Edward Johnson in 1904. They had three children. Her husband died in 1953, and she died in 1971, in her late eighties. One of her grandchildren, Joyce Johnson Bolden, was a music professor at Alcorn State University for 42 years.
The Prentiss school continued in operation until 1989. The main building, funded with a Rosenwald grant, was restored and reopened in 2013 as a community and event space. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Boquillas Formation

The Boquillas Formation is a geologic formation deposited during the Late Cretaceous in modern-day West Texas. It is typically composed of alternating marls and limestones with thin volcanic ash beds (bentonites). It was named for outcrops near the former Boquillas post office in Big Bend National Park. The term Boquillas Formation has been used for rocks that outcrop from Del Rio, Texas to as far west as Doña Ana County, New Mexico.
Vertebrate fossils found in the Boquillas Formation include mosasaurs, fish bones, and shark's teeth. Invertebrate fossils found in the formation include ammonites, swimming crinoids, inoceramid clams, sea urchins, oysters, and foraminifera
# Burnham Hodgson

(Thomas Richard) Burnham Hodgson (17 August 1926 - 30 September 2020) was Archdeacon of West Cumberland from 1979 until 1991.
Hodgson was educated at Heversham Grammar School and the London College of Divinity; and ordained in 1953. He held curacies at Keswick and Stanwix and incumbencies in Whitehaven, Aikton, Raughton Head and Grange-over-Sands. Hodgson was a member of the General Synod of the Church of England from 1983 until 1990.
# Burayyirah

Burayyirah is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Bakwin

Bakwin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Harry Bakwin (1894–1973), American pediatrician
* Ruth Morris Bakwin (1898–1985), American pediatrician and psychologist
# Calceolaria zamorana

Calceolaria zamorana is a species of plant in the Calceolariaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# 628 Christine

628 Christine is a minor planet orbiting the Sun.
# 5-Aminotetrazole

5-Aminotetrazole is an organic compound with the formula HN$_4$CNH$_2$. It is a white solid that can be obtained both in anhydrous and hydrated forms.
The molecule is planar. The hydrogen bonding pattern in the hydrate supports the assignment of NH being adjacent to carbon in the ring.

## Preparation

A synthesis of 5-aminotetrazole through the action of nitrous acid on aminoguanidine was reported by Johannes Thiele in 1892.
The exact structure of the compound was not known at the time, although it was known to crystallize as a monohydrate. The correct structural formula was published in 1901 by Arthur Hantzsch, who obtained it from the reaction between cyanamide and hydrazoic acid.
To avoid direct handling of the problematic hydrazoic acid, a mixture of sodium azide and hydrochloric acid has been used to give the monohydrate at 73% yield.
In a more efficient and controllable one-pot synthesis, cyanamide is treated with hydrazine hydrochloride to give aminoguanidine hydrochloride, which is then diazotized as in Thiele's original process. Addition of ammonia or sodium hydroxide followed by heat-induced cyclization gives the anhydrous product in 74% yield.

## Structure

The structure of 5-aminotetrazole has been determined several times by X-ray crystallography, both as the anhydrous and monohydrated forms. The structures are very similar, consisting of a planar molecule, including the amino group.

## Uses

5-Aminotetrazole has found applications in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly as a synthon for some multicomponent reactions.
The N-4 is basic as indicated by its binding to metal halides, such as the coordination complex [CoCl$_2$(aminotetrazole)$_4$.
The compound has a particularly high nitrogen content of 80%. Partly for this reason, the compound is prone to decomposition to nitrogen gas (N$_2$). It has been widely investigated for gas-generating systems, such as airbags and blowing agents.
# 68th Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)

The 68th Division (Chinese: 第68师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 11th Division, 4th Column of the Huadong Field Army. Its history can be traced to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division of Huadong Field Army, formed in October 1946.
The division was a part with 23rd Corps. It took part in several major battles during the Chinese Civil War, including the Lunan Campaign, the Laiwu Campaign, the Menglianggu Campaign, the Yudong Campaign, the Huaihai Campaign and the Shanghai Campaign. During the last phase of Huaihai campaign the division captured General Du Yuming, the deputy commander-in-chief of Suppression General Headquarters of Xuzhou Garrison.
The division was composed of 202nd, 203rd and 204th Infantry Regiments.
In August 1952 the division was inactivated:
* Headquarters, 68th Division and Headquarters, 202nd Infantry Regiment were transferred to the People's Liberation Army Air Force;
* 202nd Infantry Regiment was transferred to 67th Division as 199th Infantry Regiment;
* Headquarters, 203rd Infantry Regiment was transferred to the People's Liberation Army Navy.
# 68th Composite Wing

The 68th Composite Wing was a United States Army Air Forces organization. It was a command and control organization of Fourteenth Air Force that fought in the China Burma India Theater of World War II.
The wing was formed as an expansion of the Fourteenth Air Force Forward Echelon in 1943, becoming the command and control organization for the 23d Fighter Group and 308th Bomb Group. It served in combat from December 1943 until August 1945. The mixed unit was composed of fighters, fighter bombers and heavy bombers, flown by both American and Chinese airmen.

## History
### Lineage

* Constituted as 68th Fighter Wing on 9 August 1943.
    Activated on 3 September 1943.
    Redesignated 68th Composite Wing in December 1943.
    Inactivated on 10 October 1945.

### Assignments

* Fourteenth Air Force, 3 September 1943 – 10 October 1945

### Stations

* Kunming Airport, China, 3 September 1943
* Kweilin Airfield, China, c. 23 December 1943
* Liuzhou Airfield, China, c. 15 September 1944
* Luliang Airfield, China, c. 7 November 1944
* Peishiyi Airfield, China, c. 19 September-10 October 1945

### Components

* 23d Fighter Group August 1943 – October 1945 (P-40, P-51)
* 308th Bombardment Group March 1943 – February 1945 (B-24)
# 52nd Battalion (New Ontario), CEF

The 52nd Battalion (New Ontario), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War.

## History

The 52nd Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 23 November 1915. It disembarked in France on 21 February 1916, where it fought as part of the 9th Canadian Brigade, 3rd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920.
The 52nd Battalion recruited in Port Arthur, Kenora, Fort Frances and Dryden, Ontario and was mobilized at Port Arthur.
The 52nd Battalion had seven Officers Commanding:
* Lt-Col A.W. Hay, 23 November 1915 – 3 June 1916
* Lt.-Col. D.M. Sutherland, 27 July 1916 – 25 September 1916
* Lt.-Col. W.B. Evans, DSO, 25 September 1916 – 11 July 1917
* Maj. E.A.C. Wilcox, 11 July 1917 – 4 August 1917
* Lt.-Col. W.W. Foster, DSO, 4 August 1917 – 24 September 1918
* Lt.-Col. D.M. Sutherland, DSO, 24 September 1918 – 9 October 1918
* Lt.-Col. W.W. Foster, DSO, 9 October 1918-Demobilization
One member of the 52nd Battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross. Captain Christopher O'Kelly was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 26 October 1917 at Passchendaele, Belgium. He had previously been awarded the Military Cross.

## Battle honours

The 52nd Battalion was awarded the following battle honours:
* Mount Sorrel
* Somme, 1916
* Flers-Courcelette
* Ancre Heights
* Arras, 1917, '18
* Vimy, 1917
* HILL 70
* Ypres 1917
* Passchendaele
* Amiens
* Scarpe, 1918
* Drocourt-Quéant
* Hindenburg Line
* Canal du Nord
* Cambrai, 1918
* Valenciennes
* France and Flanders, 1916-18

## Perpetuation

The 52nd Battalion (New Ontario), CEF, is perpetuated by The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment.
# 72nd Regiment

72nd Regiment or 72nd Infantry Regiment may refer to:
* 72nd Infantry Regiment (France), former an infantry regiment of the French Army
* 72nd Regiment of Foot (1758), former regiment of the British Army, 1758–1763
* 72nd (Hampshire) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, a British Yeomanry unit.
* 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders, a former unit of the British Army, 1778-1881
* 72nd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, a former unit of the British Indian Army
* 72nd Regiment "Seaforth Highlanders of Canada", Canadian reserve regiment

## American Civil War

* 72nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (Northern) Army
* 72nd Indiana Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (Northern) Army
* 72nd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (Northern) Army
* 72nd Ohio Infantry, a unit of the Union (Northern) Army
* 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry, a unit of the Union (Northern) Army
# 75A-4 and KWS-1

The 74A4 and KWS-1 is an amateur radio receiver and transmitter pair made by the Collins Radio Company of Cedar Rapids, Iowa that were introduced in 1955. They were designed to operate using the then new single-sideband (SSB) voice modulation as well as CW and AM modes. They were influential in popularizing SSB.

## Debut

The KWS-1 transmitter along with the 75A-4 receiver, together, cost over $2500 when new (equivalent to over $20,000 in 2012 dollars). Collins products at the time were considered 'top of the line'. Ham radio enthusiasts nicknamed the pair the "Gold Dust Twins", since they were unaffordable for most amateur radio enthusiasts when first introduced.
Both radios used vacuum tubes and employed Collins innovations including mechanical filters and permeability tuned oscillators. The KWS-1 final amplifier use a pair of 4X150 power tubes and operated at a power input of one kilowatt, the maximum allowed under Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations at the time. The transmitter appearance matched the receiver, but its high voltage power supply was packaged in a separate pedestal.

## Persistent favor

In a 2006 review of the half-century-old 75A-4 Stu Cohen wrote "Performance under all but extremely crowded band conditions is still excellent, and a 75A-4 will hold its own against almost any receiver. Under less crowded band conditions, the performance is superb."

## Footnotes

* ↑ A permeability tuned oscillator (PTO) alters the resonant frequency of a circuit by moving a sintered powder core in and out of the tuning coil using a lead screw.
# 75B

75B is a design studio based in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
They designed the identity for the International Film Festival Rotterdam, Ro Theatre, Van Abbemuseum, and Codarts. They also made autonomous works that were exhibited at the Fons Welters Gallery in Amsterdam and are part of the collection of Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, SF MOMA and the Graphic Design Museum Breda.

## Works

* 2000 The design of the skatepark on the southern edge of Rotterdam's central business district.
* 2001 Exhibition Kijk hier es naar Fons Welters Gallery Amsterdam
* 2006 Designs for the Exhibition It's All Dalí on Salvador Dalí for Museum Boijmans van Beuningen
* 2007 Design campaign Rotterdam 2007 City of Architecture awarded by IMCA
* 2009 Identity for International Film Festival Rotterdam

## History

75B was founded by Robert Beckand, Rens Muis and Pieter Vos in 1997. They met during their study at the Willem de Kooning Academy in Rotterdam, Netherlands. In 2006 they were artist in residence at Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. In 2009 Beckand left the studio and Muis and Vos continued working together.

## Publications

* Trees J, Nugent L, Hafermaas N, Johnston S, 75B LAX, Veenman Publishers, Rotterdam 2008 (ISBN 9086901247)
* Coyner B, 75B 10x10, Veenman Publishers, Rotterdam 2006 (ISBN 90-8690-021-6)
* Rhode C, Platteel A, Symbol Soup -Look-, Thames & Hudson, London 1999, (ISBN 9072007492)
* Holland International, Dutch Design Dead, 1998
# A&B

A&B may refer to:
* Above & Beyond (band)
* Alexander & Baldwin, an American company
* Alston & Bird, an international law firm based in Atlanta, Georgia.
* Antigua and Barbuda, a country
* Arbogast & Bastian (A&B Meats), a defunct meat-packing company based in Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
* Assault and battery (disambiguation)
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Arundel and Brighton, England
* A&B, a bit signaling procedure used in SF (D4) framed T1 transmission facilities
# 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8a-dioxygenase

In enzymology, a 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8a-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 5-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate and O$_2$, whereas its product is 5-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-4,6-dihydroxypyridine-2-carboxylate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O$_2$ as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O$_2$. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate:oxygen 8,8a-oxidoreductase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate oxygenase, and 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate 8,8alpha-dioxygenase. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism. It employs one cofactor, iron.
# AAARTH

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
AAARTH is the fourth studio album by Welsh rock band The Joy Formidable. It was released on 28 September 2018. The title references the Welsh word 'arth', which means 'bear'.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 70 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 93 |
# 81a Squadriglia

81a Squadriglia was an Italian fighter squadron raised in March 1917 that served through the end of World War I. One of its aces, Flavio Baracchini, would become the first awardee of the Gold Medal for Military Valor. The squadron would be credited with 34 aerial victories, and suffer four dead. It ended the war with 28 aircraft on strength.

## History

81a Squadriglia of the Corpo Aeronautico Militare was founded at the Central Flying School in Arcade, Italy in March 1917, during World War I. In April 1917, it deployed to operate Nieuport 11 fighters, and was attached to 2o Gruppo. The new unit flew its first combat sorties on 23 April 1917 and fought its first fight the following day. On 1 May 1917, Sergente Enrico Sorrentino scored the fledgling squadron's first aerial victory. In July, Flavio Baracchini became the first Italian fighter pilot to win the Gold Medal for Military Valor. The squadron re-equipped with Nieuport 17s.
The squadron was one of those displaced in the wake of the Italian defeat at the Battle of Caporetto. It bounced about four airfields in the last week of October as it repeatedly relocated. To add to the confusion, its commanding officer, Mario Zoboli, had orders transferring him out of the squadron's command on 1 November 1917. On 6 November, he returned when the orders were rescinded. Three days later, the squadron relocated once more, to join 6o Gruppo at Istrana. The move would put them in position for the great air battle over their base on 26 December 1917.
In February 1918, the squadron began replacing its Nieuport 17s with Hanriot HD.1s. Hanriot supplies being insufficient, some Nieuport 27s were also brought on strength. The squadron served on through Summer 1918. Then, on 26 October 1918, it was included in the Massa da Caccia (Fighter Mass) that supported the victorious final Italian offensive at Vittorio Veneto. When the war in northern Italy ended on 3 November 1918, the 81a Squadriglia had flown 4,118 combat sorties, engaged the enemy 230 times, and were credited with 34 aerial victories. The squadron suffered four dead. It still had 21 Hanriots and a Nieuport 27 in service.

## Commanding officers

* Capitano Salvatore Calori: March 1917 - 24 June 1917
* Capitano Mario Zoboli: 24 June 1917 - 25 March 1918 (see above)
* Capitano Renato Mazzucco: 25 March 1918 through war's end

## Duty stations

* Arcade, Italy: March 1917
* Borgnano: April 1917
* Aviano: 26 October 1917
* Bassano: 27 October 1917
* Arcade: 31 October 1917
* Istrana: 9 November 1917
* Isolo di Carturo: 2 February 1918
* Casoni: 17 February 1918

## Notable members

Flying ace Flavio Baracchini scored 13 of his 21 accredited victories with 81a Squadriglia. Other aces who scored victories while with the squadron were Gastone Novelli and Alessandro Buzio.

## Aircraft

* Nieuport 11
* Nieuport 17
* Hanriot HD.1
* Nieuport 27

## Endnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Franks et al 1997, p. 125.