OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coinage of the Republic of Venice

The Coinage of the Republic of Venice include the coins produced by the Republic of Venice from the late 12th century to 1866. After this date, coins were still produced in Venice.
From the 16th century, the coinage was made in the very prominently-located Zecca of Venice, close to the Doge's Palace.

## History

Although there is no information about coinage in what was the Duchy of Venice (a semi-independent entity within the Byzantine Empire from which the Republic of Venice originated), ancient historians such as Andrea Dandolo and Marin Sanudo mention that the privilege of coinage was given to Venice by the kings of Italy Rudolph II (in 921) and Berengar II (in 950); however, it is more likely that this privilege had been granted by Byzantine emperors, as coins with the names of Venice and the name of German emperors Louis I (814-840) and Lothair I (840-855) had been already in circulation before the aforementioned dates. From around 1031, there are records of coins minted under doge Ottone Orseolo, while in 1193-1202 Enrico Dandolo issued in Venice the silver coin called Matapan, named after the Greek promontory.
The most common type of Venetian coin is the ducati issued in silver and gold. The gold ducato was later known as zecchino; this had the doge's image receiving the standard from St. Mark on the obverse. The zecchino had on the reverse Christ within an oval (mandorla), which also contained nine stars. The zecchini remained unchanged from the first issue, in 1284, to the last one, during the reign of the last doge of Venice in 1796, Ludovico Manin.
See Zecca of Venice for the organization and operations of the mint in the Renaissance and the remaining centuries of the Venetian Republic.

## Coins

The main coins minted during the Republic of Venice include:
* silver ducato (or Matapan), minted for the first time between 1193 and 1202; it was one of the first grossi.
* soldo, in silver, minted during the reign of doge Francesco Dandolo (1328–1339) and doge Giovanni Gradenigo (1355-1356).
* lira (including lira Tron), minted from 1472.
* ducato, minted from 1284, with the same weight and title of Florence's florin. From the 16th century onwards it was called zecchino.
* giustina, name of different types of silver coins minted under doge Alvise II Mocenigo in 1572. A giustina minore ("lesser giustina") was minted under Pasquale Cicogna).
* scudo, both in silver and gold. It showed the city's symbol. The golden scudo was minted for the first time in the 16th century and weighed some 3.40 g
* gazzetta, of the value of 2 soldi.
* quartarolo, a small coin with the value of one quarter denaro, minted for the first time under Enrico Dandolo (1192), and discontinued in 1328.
* tallero, used for overseas trades.
Other types included the osella, a medal-coin awarded by the doge to the Republic's main personalities.
The mint of the Republic's coins was located in Venice, in the Palazzo della Zecca. The coinage was rigidly controlled by the Council of Forty, an assembly with financial-economical tasks, also acting as Supreme Court.
# Christopher Lowther (politician)

Major the Hon. Christopher William Lowther (18 January 1887 – 7 January 1935) was a British Conservative Party politician, the elder son of James Lowther, 1st Viscount Ullswater.

## Biography

Lowther was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was commissioned into the Duke of Yorks Own Loyal Suffolk Hussars in 1909. He later transferred to the Westmorland and Cumberland Yeomanry, serving in the First World War. He served as an Assistant Provost Marshal from 1917 to 1919 and reached the rank of Major.
In January 1921 Lowther defected to the Independent Parliamentary Group led by Horatio Bottomley.
General election 1922: Wallsend :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Patrick Hastings | 14,248 | 46.8 | +12.8 |
| | Unionist | Christopher Lowther | 11,425 | 37.6 | N/A |
| | Liberal | Thomas George Graham | 2,908 | 9.6 | −5.5 |
| | National Democratic | Matthew Simm | 1,840 | 6.0 | −44.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,823 | 9.2 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 30,421 | 82.2 | +27.4 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 37,001 | | |
| | Labour gain from National Democratic | Labour gain from National Democratic | Swing | +28.9 | |

## Personal life

He married Ina Marjorie Gwendolin Pelly on 17 June 1910, by whom he had one son:
* Lt. John Arthur Lowther (1910–1942)
He and Ina were divorced in 1921, and he married Dorothy Bromley-Davenport on 16 February 1921, by whom he had three daughters:
* Hon. Rosemary Lowther (b. 25 February 1922 – 24 January 2021), married Lt. Douglas Goolden (1914–2001)
* Christine Lowther (16 January 1927 – 4 August 1927)
* Hon. Jennifer Lowther (b. 11 June 1932 - 23 February 2021), married James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale on 9 September 1954, divorced 1962, later married William Edward Clayfield, Oswald Dickin Carter and James Cornelius Sullivan
# Cobra Verde (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Cobra Verde is the sixteenth album by Popol Vuh. It was originally released in 1987 on Milan Records as the original motion picture soundtrack of Werner Herzog's Cobra Verde with Klaus Kinski. In 2006 SPV re-released the album with one bonus track (recorded during the sessions for the 1991 Popol Vuh album For You and Me).

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Florian Fricke except where noted.
* "Der Tod des Cobra Verde" – 4:35
* "Nachts: Schnee" – 1:51
* "Der Marktplatz" – 2:30
* "Eine andere Welt" – 5:07
* "Grab der Mutter" – 4:30
* "Die singenden Mädchen von Ho, Ziavi" (Zigi Cultural Troupe Ho, Ziavi) – 6:52
* "Sieh nicht überm Meer ist's" – 1:26
* "Hab Mut, bis daß die Nacht mit Ruh' und Stille kommt" – 9:32

### 2006 bonus track

* "OM Mani Padme Hum 4" (Piano Version) – 5:28

## Personnel

* Florian Fricke – piano, synclavier, vocals
* Daniel Fichelscher – guitar, percussion, vocals
* Renate Knaup – vocals

### Guest musicians

* Kristen Ritter – vocals (on 1)
* Irmgard Hecker – vocals (on 7)
* Choir of the Bavarian State Opera
Synclavier programming, recording and digital mastering by Ralph Graf
Track number 6 performed with the singing girls of the Zigi Cultural Troupe Ho, Ziavi

## Credits

Recorded at Union Studios, Munich, September 1987
Track number 9 recorded at New African Studio, Munich and Sound Fabrik, Munich, January - April 1991
Produced by Florian Fricke
Track number 9 produced by Florian Fricke and Frank Fiedler
# Benny Gaughran

Benny Gaughran may refer to:
* Benny Gaughran (footballer, born 1915) (1915–1977), Irish soccer player
* Benny Gaughran (Gaelic footballer) (born 1945), his son, solicitor and Gaelic footballer
# Donnybrook

Donnybrook may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Donnybrook, Queensland, Australia
* Donnybrook, Western Australia
* Donnybrook, Victoria, Australia
** Donnybrook railway station, Victoria, Australia

### Canada

* Donnybrook, Ontario, a former village in southwest Ontario, Canada

### Ireland

* Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
** site of the original Donnybrook Fair
** Donnybrook Stadium, Ireland, a rugby union stadium
** Donnybrook Cemetery
* Donnybrook, Douglas, County Cork, Ireland

### South Africa

* Donnybrook, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

### United Kingdom

* Donnybrook Quarter, a residential area in the Bow area of the East End of London

### United States

* Donnybrook, North Dakota, United States
* Donnybrook, Oregon, United States

## Other uses

* Donnybrook (film), a 2018 American-French drama film
* Donnybrook!, a 1961 Broadway musical
# Bladnoch

Bladnoch may refer to:
* Bladnoch, Wigtownshire
* Bladnoch Distillery, and Bladnoch whisky
* River Bladnoch
# Compaoré

Compaoré is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bassirou Compaoré (born 1998), Burkinabé football striker
* Benjamin Compaoré (born 1987), French triple jumper
* Blaise Compaoré (born 1951), Burkinabé politician, President of Burkina Faso
* Chantal Compaoré (born 1962), First Lady of Burkina Faso, wife of Blaise
* Daouda Compaoré (born 1973), Burkinabé football goalkeeper
* Djibril Compaoré (born 1983), Burkinabé football striker
* François Compaoré (born 1954), Burkinabé politician
* Issouf Compaoré (born 1988), Burkinabé football defender
* Simon Compaoré (born 1952), Burkinabé politician
# Bertagnolli

Bertagnolli is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Giacomo Bertagnolli (born 1999), Italian alpine skier
* Júlio Sérgio Bertagnolli (born 1978), Brazilian football manager and player
* Leonardo Bertagnolli (born 1978), Italian road bicycle racer
* Libero Bertagnolli (1914–1992), American football player and coach
* Monica Bertagnolli (born 1959), American surgical oncologist
# Chemerivtsi Raion

Chemerivtsi Raion (Ukrainian: Чемеровецький район, Chemerovets'kyi raion) was one of the 20 administrative raions (a district) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was located in the urban-type settlement of Chemerivtsi. Its population was 51,009 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Chemerivtsi Raion was merged into Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 38,770 (2020 est.)

## Geography

Chemerivtsi Raion was located in the southwestern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, in the modern-day boundaries of the Podolia historical region. Its total area constituted 930 square kilometres (360 sq mi). To its west, the raion bordered upon the neighboring Ternopil Oblast.

## Subdivisions

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three hromadas:
* Chemerivtsi settlement hromada with the administration in Chemerivtsi;
* Hukiv rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Hukiv;
* Zakupne settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Zakupne.

## History

Chemerivtsi Raion was first established on March 7, 1923 as part of a full-scale administrative reorganization of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, from the former territories of Vilkhivtsi and Berezhany volosts (a former administrative division roughly equivalent to that of a modern raion).

## Administrative divisions

Chemerivtsi Raion was divided in a way that followed the general administrative scheme in Ukraine. Local government was also organized along a similar scheme nationwide. Consequently, raions were subdivided into councils, which were the prime level of administrative division in the country.
Each of the raion's urban localities administered their own councils, often containing a few other villages within its jurisdiction. However, only a handful of rural localities were organized into councils, which also might contain a few villages within its jurisdiction.
Accordingly, the Chemerivtsi Raion was divided into:
* 2 settlement councils—made up of the urban-type settlements of Chemerivtsi (administrative center) and Zakupne
* 33 village councils
Overall, the raion had a total of 70 populated localities, consisting of two urban-type settlements, and 68 villages.
# Duyun East railway station

Duyun East railway station (Chinese: 都匀东站; pinyin: Dūyún Dōng zhàn) is a railway station in Duyun, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China. The station opened on 26 December 2014. The station is served by Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway and will be served by Guiyang–Nanning high-speed railway.
# Cockshott

Cockshott is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Paul Cockshott (born 1952), British computer scientist and economist
* George Cockshott (1875–1953), British naval architect
* Gerald Cockshott (1915–1979), English composer, librettist, writer, and teacher
# Chromosome engineering

Chromosome engineering is "the controlled generation of chromosomal deletions, inversions, or translocations with defined endpoints." By combining chromosomal translocation, chromosomal inversion, and chromosomal deletion, chromosome engineering has been shown to identify the underlying genes that cause certain diseases in mice. In coming years, it is very likely that chromosomal engineering will be able to do the same identification for diseases in humans, as well as all other organisms.

## The Three Types of Chromosome Engineering

| chromosomal deletion | chromosomal inversion | chromosomal translocation |
| Chromosomal deletion is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. | Chromosomal inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. | Chromosomal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes. |

## Experiments of Chromosome Engineering

In an experiment pertaining to chromosome engineering that was conducted in 2006, it was found that chromosome engineering can be effectively used as a method of identifying the causes of genetic disorders such as the continuous gene and aneuploidy syndromes. The experiment was conducted by infecting mice with the human disease, ES, to see the effectiveness of chromosomal engineering in the gene identification of those diseases. After much experimenting, it was found that manipulating chromosomes, or chromosome engineering, is an excellent and efficient method of determining underlying genes in genetic orders and diseases.
In the future, chromosome engineering will experiment in removing more common disorders such as asthma, diabetes, and cancer. If it can be recognized by the medical community as effective and safe, it should be able to be used regularly in the near future.
# Codex Curiensis

The Codex Curiensis known also as Fragmenta Curiensia, designated by a$^2$ or 16 (in Beuron system), is a 5th-century AD Latin manuscript of the New Testament. The text, written on vellum, is a version of the old Latin. The manuscript contains the fragments of the Gospel of Luke, on exactly two parchment leaves.
It contains a fragments of the Gospel of Luke 11:11-29; 13:16-34. Pierre Batiffol was the first to suggest that these fragments belong to the same manuscript. They were first discovered by Hidber, professor of Berne, then described by E. Ranke.
The Latin text of the codex is a representative of the Western text-type in itala recension.
Currently it is housed at the Rhätisches Museum (Clm 6436) in Chur.
# Eloise Smith

Eloise Smith may refer to:
* Eloise Hughes Smith (1893–1940), survivor of the 1912 RMS Titanic disaster
* Eloise Smith (fencer) (born 1978), British fencer
# Evangelina Oyo Ebule

Evangelina Oyo Ebule is an Equatorial Guinean politician who served as the country's Minister of Justice, Worship and Penitentiary Institutions.

## Political career

Ebule has a law degree from Madrid. In 1989, she was appointed to the Guinean Supreme Court of Justice.
By 1998, Ebule was the Vice Minister of Justice and Worship in President Teodoro Obiang's government. In January 2003, Ebule was reconfirmed to this role during the investiture of President Obiang following his victory in the 2002 presidential elections. In 2008, she was made the Cabinet Minister for Labour and Social Security. In 2013, she was made the Cabinet Minister for Justice, Worship and Penitentiary Institutions. In this role, she has turned down the demands of opposition groups to legalize the formation of new political parties. As Justice Minister, Ebule was part of the effort to passing legislation to abolish the death penalty in Equatorial Guinea. The death penalty was abolished in 2016.
Ebule is a member of the ruling Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea. In July 2017 at the closing session of the 6th Ordinary National Congress, she was named one of four vice-presidents of the party.
# 1720 in piracy

See also 1719 in piracy, 1721 in piracy and Timeline of piracy.

## Events
### Caribbean Sea

* February - Bartholomew Roberts robs four vessels near Barbados.
* February 26 - Two pirate ships commanded by Bartholomew Roberts and Montigny la Palisse are attacked near Barbados by local ships and driven away with heavy casualties.
* March - Two sloops sent from Martinique to capture Roberts and his men arrive too late to capture the pirates, who have sailed northward. Roberts adopts a new flag threatening death to the inhabitants of Barbados and Martinique.
* August - Calico Jack Rackham steals John Ham's sloop William from the harbor of Nassau, Bahamas and leads a crew of pirates to sea, including Anne Bonny and Mary Read.
* September - Rackham and his pirates loot several fishing boats in the Bahamas. They then raid French Hispaniola for cattle and capture two sloops.
* Roberts returns to the Caribbean, bombards Saint Kitts and burns two ships in the harbor. Some weeks later, Roberts captures a French ship near Carriacou and commandeers it, renaming it the Royal Fortune.
* October - Pirates under Rackham's leadership ransack several vessels off northern Jamaica.
* October - Rackham and his crew are captured by a commissioned sloop commanded by Jonathan Barnet. After the William's boom is damaged, the surprised pirates make no resistance.
* November - Rackham and his crew are tried, sentenced and hanged. Rackham and two others are gibbetted. Read and Bonny are tried and sentenced (execution delayed due to pregnancy).

### Indian Ocean

* Undated - Edward England ravages the Malabar Coastal shipping, taking one Dutch vessel and an unknown number of Indian hulls.
* October - Captain Condent captures an Arab ship off Bombay, stealing approximately £150,000 worth of cash and cargo.
* November 20, 1720 - Captain England in the Fancy and Captain Olivier Levasseur alias "la Buse" attack Captain James Macrae in the East Indiaman Cassandra near Anjouan in the Comoros. Macrae is ultimately forced aground after a bloody battle.
* November–December - Captain England and some of his friends are marooned by their pirate crew, who elect John Taylor to replace him.

### North America

* June 21 - Bartholomew Roberts invades the harbor of Trepassey, Newfoundland, plundering 22 vessels and burning all but one.
* July - Roberts captures nine or ten French vessels off the Grand Banks and commandeers a new ship, the 26-gun Fortune. Aboard the Fortune, Roberts proceeds to take ten English vessels, then sails back toward the Caribbean.

### West Africa

* October–November - Roberts in the Royal Fortune tries to reach the Cape Verde Islands, but misses his landfall and is forced back to the West Indies by the trade wind. A shortage of water kills many of his pirates.

## Deaths

* November 17 - Calico Jack Rackham hanged for piracy at Gallows Point, Port Royal, Jamaica (born December 21, 1682).
# Beti Kozkor KE

Beti Kozkor Kirol Elkartea is a Spanish football team based in Lekunberri, in the autonomous community of Navarre. Founded in 1997, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 15, holding home matches at Estadio Municipal Manuel Meler.

## History

Founded in 1997 as Club Deportivo Lekumberri, the club started playing in the Primera Regional Navarra the following campaign. The club changed to its current name in 2003, and only achieved promotion to the Regional Preferente in 2014.
In 2017, after three seasons in the fifth division, Beti Kozkor achieved promotion to Tercera División for the first time ever. In May 2019, the club reached the play-offs.

## Season to season

| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 1998–99 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 15th |
| 1999–2000 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 14th |
| 2000–01 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 12th |
| 2001–02 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 11th |
| 2002–03 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 9th |
| 2003–04 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 11th |
| 2004–05 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 8th |
| 2005–06 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 11th |
| 2006–07 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 8th |
| 2007–08 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 6th |
| 2008–09 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 14th |
| 2009–10 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 11th |
| 2010–11 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 11th |
| 2011–12 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 10th |
| 2012–13 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 10th |
| 2013–14 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 1st |
| 2014–15 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 5th |
| 2015–16 | 5 | 1ª Aut. | 5th |
| 2016–17 | 5 | 1ª Aut. | 1st |
| 2017–18 | 4 | 3ª | 10th |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 2018–19 | 4 | 3ª | 4th |
| 2019–20 | 4 | 3ª | 3rd |
| 2020–21 | 4 | 3ª | 2nd / 3rd |
| 2021–22 | 5 | 3ª RFEF | 14th |
| 2022–23 | 6 | 1ª Aut. | 1st |
| 2023–24 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | 11th |
| 2024–25 | 5 | 3ª Fed. | |
* 4 seasons in Tercera División
* 3 seasons in Tercera Federación/Tercera División RFEF
# Düringer

Düringer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Annemarie Düringer (1925–2014), Swiss actress
* Hans Düringer (died 1477), German clockmaker
* Roland Düringer (born 1963), Austrian actor, cabarettist, and political activist
# Coarticulation

Coarticulation in its general sense refers to a situation in which a conceptually isolated speech sound is influenced by, and becomes more like, a preceding or following speech sound. There are two types of coarticulation: anticipatory coarticulation, when a feature or characteristic of a speech sound is anticipated (assumed) during the production of a preceding speech sound; and carryover or perseverative coarticulation, when the effects of a sound are seen during the production of sound(s) that follow. Many models have been developed to account for coarticulation. They include the look-ahead, articulatory syllable, time-locked, window, coproduction and articulatory phonology models.
Coarticulation in phonetics refers to two different phenomena:
* the assimilation of the place of articulation of one speech sound to that of an adjacent speech sound. For example, while the sound /n/ of English normally has an alveolar place of articulation, in the word tenth it is pronounced with a dental place of articulation because the following sound, /θ/, is dental.
* the production of a co-articulated consonant, that is, a consonant with two simultaneous places of articulation. An example of such a sound is the voiceless labial-velar plosive /k͡p/ found in many West African languages.
The term coarticulation may also refer to the transition from one articulatory gesture to another.