OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Attack on Tichla (1979)

The Attack on Tichla took place on July 12, 1979, in the town of Tichla, in Western Sahara. It marked the final engagement between Mauritania and Polisario before the peace treaty in Algiers and Mauritania's withdrawal from the Western Sahara War.

## Background

On 10 July 1978, facing a severe economic crisis due to the cost of the war, the regime of Moktar Ould Daddah was overthrown by Colonel Moustapha Ould Mohamed Saleck and his National Recovery Military Committee (CMRN), later renamed the National Salvation Military Committee (CMSN). Immediately after this coup d'état, the Polisario declared a unilateral ceasefire, assuming that Mauritania intended to peacefully withdraw from the conflict. However, mindful of maintaining his country's alliance with Morocco, negotiations between Mauritania and the Polisario stalled. Meanwhile, Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly overthrew Moustapha Ould Mohamed Saleck's government The attack occurs on the eve of the Organization of African Unity conference in Monrovia, where a resolution regarding the Western Sahara war is expected to emerge.

## Battle

On 12 July 1979, the Polisario broke the ceasefire and captured the town of Tichla, causing heavy casualties among the Mauritanian garrison.

## Aftermath

Following this attack, Mauritania threatened to seek assistance from France and Morocco in the face of potential further attacks. The Polisario Front declared that any Mauritanian retaliation would prompt them to launch new attacks, extending beyond Tichla into undisputed Mauritanian territory. Alarmed by the prospect of continuing the war, Mauritania, nonetheless, signed a positive vote on the referendum requested by the Polisario and endorsed by the heads of state of the Organisation of African Unity. On July 29, 1979, the Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, announces the release of the 73 Mauritanian soldiers captured during the attack. This response came following a request made on behalf of the ad hoc committee of the Organization of African Unity on Western Sahara by the heads of state of Mali and Nigeria. The release followed that of the Mauritanian prefect of Tichla, Abdoullahi Ould Mokhtar Ould Kabd, who was also captured during the attack.
Following the announcement of the release of the Mauritanian soldiers, Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, the Mauritanian Prime Minister, declared that his country has chosen to definitively withdraw from this "fratricidal and unjust war," emphasizing that Mauritania has no territorial claims over Western Sahara. On August 5, 1979, Mauritanian President Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly signs a peace treaty in Algiers, officially confirming the withdrawal of Mauritanian troops from the Río de Oro region, which is immediately annexed by the Moroccan army.
# Statue of Calvin Griffith

A statue of former Minnesota Twins baseball team owner Calvin Griffith stood in front of Target Field in Minneapolis, Minnesota from 2010 until 2020.

## History

Griffith inherited the Washington Senators from his adoptive father in 1955. The team changed its name and moved to Minnesota in 1961. Griffith spoke about the move in 1978: "I'll tell you why we came to Minnesota. It was when I found out you only had 15,000 blacks here. Black people don't go to ballgames, but they'll fill up a rassling ring and put up such a chant it'll scare you to death. It's unbelievable. We came here because you’ve got good, hardworking, white people here." The statue was installed in 2010.

### Removal

In 2020, following a wave of protests sparked by the murder of George Floyd, the Minnesota Twins announced the removal of Griffith's statue at Target Field, stating "While we acknowledge the prominent role Calvin Griffith played in our history, we cannot remain silent and continue ignoring the racist comments he made in Waseca in 1978. His disparaging words displayed a blatant intolerance and disregard for the Black community that are the antithesis of what the Minnesota Twins stand for and value."
After the statue was removed, Rod Carew released a statement claiming "I've always supported the Twins decision to honor Calvin with a statue" and "I saw no signs of racism whatsoever" when playing with the Minnesota Twins during Griffith's time as owner. Carew also noted that Griffith paid him well and that he was traded to the California Angels because "Calvin told me he wanted me to be paid what I was worth." Carew also stated “In 1991, the first person I called after I was told I had been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame was Calvin. I have long forgiven Cal for his insensitive comments and do not believe he was a racist. That was NOT my personal experience with Calvin Griffith – prior to or following that day in 1978."
# Harry Wicks

Harry Wicks (16 August 1905 – 26 March 1989) was a British socialist activist.
Born in Battersea, London, he went to work on the railways and joined the National Union of Railwaymen in 1919. He joined the Labour Party, but after Black Friday moved to the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). After studying with A. E. Reade, he came to support Leon Trotsky and the International Left Opposition.
Elected to the executive of the Young Communist League in 1926, Wicks attended the International Lenin School in Moscow and the Sixth World Congress of the Comintern. He began working with the Balham Group of Trotskyists, and was expelled from the CPGB in 1932. He became a founding member of the Communist League and met Trotsky in Copenhagen but disagreed with Trotsky's advice to join the Independent Labour Party.
The Communist League split with the tendency opposed to joining the ILP continuing as the Marxist League, which later worked within the Labour Party. He also chaired the British Committee for the Defence of Leon Trotsky.
In 1936, Wicks and several others signed a letter to the Manchester Guardian defending Trotsky's right to asylum and calling for an international inquiry into the Moscow Trials. Wicks was also an active anti-fascist.
Wicks began working with C. L. R. James of the Marxist Group, helping James write World Revolution, his 1937 history of the Communist International, and in 1938 their tendencies merged to form the Revolutionary Socialist League. However, Wicks and the remnants of the former Marxist League soon left and formed the Socialist Anti-War Front (SAWF); in 1940, this group dissolved and he joined the Independent Labour Party.
At the end of the Second World War, Wicks joined the Labour Party and became active in NALGO. In 1971, he became involved with the Trotskyist movement again, joining the forerunner of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), the International Socialists. He was part of the 1976 split which formed the Workers League. He would later work with the SWP in various campaigns but never rejoined it.
Not long before his death he wrote an autobiography, Keeping My Head: The Memoirs of a British Bolshevik, with the help of Logie Barrow.
# Birha

Birha may refer to:
* Birha (folk song), a folk song genre of India
* Birha River, a river in South Africa
# The Price of Kings

The Price of Kings is a projected twelve-part feature-length documentary film series directed by Joanna Natasegara and Richard Symons. Each film focuses on the life and leadership of a specific world leader. The first film in the series, Yasser Arafat, released in 2011.

## The films
### The Price of Kings: Yasser Arafat

The first film in the series focuses on the legacy of the late President of Palestine, Yasser Arafat. Featuring extensive and personal interviews with the people who knew the leader best, most notably with his wife Suha Arafat, the film chronicles Arafat's life from his birth to his mysterious death in a Paris hospital in 2004.
The Price of Kings: Yasser Arafat was released in January 2012.

### The Price of Kings: Shimon Peres

The second film in the series focuses on the life of the ex-President of Israel, Shimon Peres. Based on interviews with President Peres, his family, friends, colleagues and opponents, the film reveals some of the major events which occurred during Shimon Peres' six decades as an Israeli politician.
The Price of Kings: Shimon Peres was released in March 2012.

### The Price of Kings: Oscar Arias

The third film in the series focuses on the story of the little-known ex-President of Costa Rica, Oscar Arias Sanchez. Centering on frank and illuminating conversations with Arias himself, his daughter, brother, former colleagues and critics, the film reveals how Arias gained immense popularity in his home country after bringing peace to Central America through the Esquipulas Peace Agreement and then squandered his success by running as President for a second term from 2006 to 2010.
The Price of Kings: Oscar Arias was released in November 2012.

## Film festivals
### Yasser Arafat

* Copenhagen International Documentary Festival (November 2011)
* Dubai International Film Festival (December 2011)
* New Horizon Film Festival (September 2012)
* Biografilm International Festival of Lives
* Jerusalem International Film Festival

### Shimon Peres

* Los Angeles Jewish Film Festival
* Biografilm International Festival of Lives
* Jerusalem International Film Festival

## Reception

Critical reception for the first film was mostly positive. The Hollywood Reporter praised Yasser Arafat as being "[an] engrossingly edited, celebratory view of PLO leader Yasser Arafat’s personal sacrifices during his political career".
# Regional Affairs Committee

The Regional Affairs Committee is a general committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom that considers any matter related to regional affairs in England that may be referred to it. The Committee comprises thirteen MPs from English constituencies, although any MP representing an English constituency may participate in its debates and proceedings. In that way it is similar to the Northern Ireland, Scottish, and Welsh Grand Committees and is effectively an English Grand Committee. Also like those committees, provision is made for it to meet away from Westminster.

## History

The committee in its present form was created by House of Commons Standing Order 117 in 2000 as the Standing Committee on Regional Affairs, superseding an earlier standing committee established in 1975. It last met in June 2004. No members have been appointed since the 2005–10 Parliament.
The standing order establishing the Regional Affairs Committee was suspended between 2009 and 2010 when Regional Grand Committees and Regional Select Committees were established by temporary standing orders. In May 2010, the Leader of the House of Commons, Sir George Young, said that the Government would not reintroduce the temporary standing orders for the regional select committees.
During the present parliament elected in 2024, Standing Order 117 remains valid and the committee continues to exist, however as of October 2024, no appointments have been made to it.
# Brockley Lane railway station

Brockley Lane is a closed railway station in Brockley, south London. It was opened in June 1872 by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, on its Greenwich Park Branch Line. The station closed to passengers in January 1917, but remained open as a goods station until May 1970 (the Great Northern Railway had constructed a coal depot there in 1883).
The station was on Brockley Road, about 140 yards (130 m) north-east of a station, now on the London Overground, named Brockley, at a lower level on the London Bridge to Norwood Junction line, crossing under the former Greenwich Park branch. The line through Brockley Lane station was reopened to freight in 1929 and, in 1935, to passenger trains from Dartford to London Victoria, via a new link into Lewisham, but there was no official suggestion that Brockley Lane might be rebuilt.
The entrance to the station was in use as a shop until it was destroyed by fire in 2004. Short sections of the platforms are still visible at the lineside, as are traces of the entrances on both sides of the bridge. The former stationmaster's residence was opposite, and is now a private dwelling.

## Re-opening and future of Brockley Lane Station

The 'transport supporting paper' for the London Infrastructure Plan 2050 estimates the cost for the Brockley interchange at £25 million in 2014.It is not clear how detailed the assessment of costs was given Brockley is one of multiple proposals simply noted as £25 million each.
According to the Department for Transport and the Transport for London rail prospectus report, released in 2016, it has been listed as one of the Southeastern franchise planned improvements in the document entitled "New interchange at Brockley", which suggests that there might be a case for reopening the station.
A proposal to create a new Brockley Interchange station, linking the existing Overground station with restored platforms at the former Brockley Lane site, is included in the London Borough of Lewisham's 2019–2041 transport strategy, though with no funding identified for the project. The document states that TFL is to provide an estimated cost.
In January 2024 in response to a freedom of information request, Lewisham council said that it had not since 2020 initiated consultations or lobbied TFL to reopen the Brockley Lane Train station.
# Paipa cheese

Paipa cheese is a semi-hard, semi-fat, and semi-aged cheese produced solely in the Valley of Sogamoso, which includes the towns of Paipa and Sotaquirá (Boyacá Department), due to its protected denomination of origin status granted by the Colombian government.

## History

Paipa cheese is the reinvention of Reinoso cheese from the region and has been made for more than 100 years. Its history is related to haciendas in Boyacá.
Its name is due to the municipality of Paipa, where it was sold on market days to travelers and passers.
# Tomáš Polách

Tomáš Polách (born 16 January 1977 in Slavičín) is a Czech football midfielder. He retired from professional football in 2014. He played for most of his career in Slovácko and Zbrojovka Brno.
On 14 November 2023, Polách was appointed as the manager of Zbrojovka Brno, signing a two-year contract with option.
On 2 January 2025, Polách was appointed as the assistant coach of Slovácko.
# Ihor Sonevytsky

Ihor Sonevytsky (Ukrainian: Ігор Михайлович Соневицький) (1926–2006) was a Ukrainian-born composer, conductor, pianist and musicologist.

## Life

Born on 2 January 1926 in Hadynkivtsi, Galicia (now in Western Ukraine), Ihor Sonevytsky was the son of Dr. Michael Sonevytsky (Ukrainian: Михайло Соневицький), a noted Ukrainian classical philologist, and Olha Sonevytsky, a journalist. He studied at the Vienna Musical Academy and completed his musical studies with a diploma in composition, conducting and piano performance from the Staatliche Hochschule fur Musik, Munich (1950) and the Ukrainian Free University, Munich (1961).
His family emigrated to the US short after. There he became a cofounder of the Ukrainian Music Institute of America, and served as its director from 1959 to 1961. In 1983 he established the Grazhda Music and Art Center of Greene County, New York.
Sonevytsky conducted five different Ukrainian choirs, organized and directed a Ukrainian string orchestra and opera ensemble, taught private students, and lectured at the Ukrainian Catholic University in Rome.
He wrote over 500 music-related articles for various newspapers and periodicals. He wrote several music books, including The Dictionary of Ukrainian Composers, which lists 522 Ukrainian composers from around the world.
He is the author of the opera "Star", the ballet "Cinderella", some chamber music, a series of piano works and a catalogue of choral and vocal music.
Sonevytsky became the first Ukrainian émigré composer to be published in his homeland, when the Ukrainian State Publishing House "Muzychna Ukraina" published a collection of his solo songs in 1993.
# Bharat Bhushan Ashu

Bharat Bhushan Ashu (born 20 March 1971) is an Indian National Congress politician from Punjab. He is two-time MLA representing the Ludhiana West Assembly constituency and he was Cabinet Minister of Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs, Government of Punjab.

## Political career

Ashu started his political career when he was elected as a Municipal Councillor in the year 1997 from ward number 48 of Ludhiana.
In the year 2012, he was allotted a ticket of the Indian National Congress to contest from Ludhiana West Vidhan Sabha constituency and he becomes the Deputy CLP leader in the Punjab Vidhan Sabha.
Again in the year 2017, he defeated Ahbaab Grewal of Aam Aadmi Party with a margin of 36,521 votes. He was the Cabinet Minister of Food & Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Government of Punjab.
In 2022, he lost the election from Ludhiana West to AAP Candidate Gurpreet Bassi Gogi by more than 7500 votes.

## Controversies

Ashu had been continuously criticised for his bad temper, arrogance and misbehaviour:
In January 2019, Ashu was publicly seen and captured by media while misbehaving with female officer in a public function.
In February 2019, Audio recordings of Ashu threatening and blackmailing the then DSP & Superintending engineer of Improvement trust went viral.
In October 2019, Ashu was blamed for thrashing his own party's volunteer during by-election preparations.
# Archimède le clochard

Archimède le clochard is a 1959 French drama film directed by Gilles Grangier. It is also known as The Magnificent Tramp. The film was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival, where Jean Gabin won the Silver Bear for Best Actor.

## Plot

A sophisticated tramp lives during summer in a half-finished construction site. Because he doesn't want to be cold in the winter, he decides to get imprisoned on time. Therefore, he demolishes a bar but he is only incarcerated for a single week. He promises he will find a way to come back.

## Cast

* Jean Gabin as Joseph Hugues Guillaume Boutier-Blainville aka Archimède
* Paul Frankeur as Monsieur Grégoire, the first inn keeper
* Darry Cowl as Arsène, the second inn keeper
* Bernard Blier as Monsieur Pichon, the new inn keeper
* Dora Doll as Madame Pichon
* Gaby Basset as Mme Grégoire
* Sacha Briquet as Jean-Loup, the English guest
* Guy Decomble as the RATP station manager
* Albert Dinan as the caterer
* Noël Roquevert as Capitaine Brossard, the retired commander
* Julien Carette as Félix, le clochard aux chiens
* Paul Frankeur as M. Grégoire, l'ancien patron
* Jacqueline Maillan as Madame Marjorie
# Cedar Hill Cemetery (Suffolk, Virginia)

Cedar Hill Cemetery, also known as Green Hill Cemetery, is a historic cemetery and national historic district located at Suffolk, Virginia. The district encompasses four contributing structures, one contributing site, and three contributing objects in the a city-owned, 25-acre, public cemetery dating to 1802. Grave markers within the cemetery date from the early 19th century to the present day. This cemetery is a representative example of public cemetery planning and funerary artwork found in southeast Virginia and Suffolk. The contributing structures include the Darden (1938), Hosier, Hill (1933) and Brewer-Godwin mausoleums and the contributing objects include the Confederate Monument (1889) and World War I Monument.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## Notable burials

* Thomas H. Barnes (1831–1913), member of the Virginia House of Delegates and Virginia Senate
* Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (1820–1862 †), Civil War Confederate Brigadier General
* William Henry Haywood Jr. (1801–1852), US Senator
* Richard Hines (1792–1851), US Congressman
* Charles Manly (1795–1871). North Carolina Governor
* Sion Hart Rogers (1825–1874), US Congressman
* Absalom Tatom (1742–1802), US Congressman
# Salt Lake Lutheran High School

Salt Lake Lutheran High School was a Lutheran school founded in 1984 and located until 2011 in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. In 2011 the school moved to Riverton, Utah, and took the name Concordia Preparatory School. It closed in 2013.

## Education

The school taught students in grades 7–12. It was accredited by the Northwest Accreditation Commission. In addition to undertaking a full high school curriculum, students were required to attend chapel weekly.

## History

Owned by a coalition of Lutheran churches in the Salt Lake City area, the school was founded in 1984. Originally housed in St. John's Lutheran Church in Salt Lake City's Liberty Park neighborhood, the school acquired its own site on South 900 East in 1993. For the floor of its new gymnasium, the school acquired the former basketball court of the old Salt Palace arena, which was being demolished and replaced.
In 2011 the school moved to a 56,000 square foot, 10 acre facility in Riverton and changed its name to Concordia Preparatory School. The school closed on June 30, 2013.

## Sports

Sports teams were known as 'Lynx'.
# Slatedale, Pennsylvania

Slatedale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Washington Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 455. It is part of the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

## Geography

Slatedale is in northern Lehigh County, west of the center of Washington Township. It is 3 miles (5 km) west of the borough of Slatington and 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Allentown, the county seat and the third most populous city in Pennsylvania. Both Slatedale and Slatington are named after the large amount of slate found in the area.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Slatedale has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.8 km$^2$), of which 0.6 acres (2,464 m$^2$), or 0.32%, are water. Trout Creek forms the southern border of the community and flows east to the Lehigh River in Slatington. Blue Mountain rises 2 miles (3 km) to the north.

## Services

Slatedale is served by the Citizen's Fire Co #1 in Slatedale for fire protection and Northern Valley EMS for ambulance services. While it has its own box post office with the ZIP Code of 18079, surrounding areas use the Slatington ZIP Code of 18080.
# List of botanical gardens and arboretums in Wisconsin

This list of botanical gardens and arboretums in Wisconsin is intended to include all significant botanical gardens and arboretums in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.
| Name | Affiliation | City |
| Boerner Botanical Gardens | | Hales Corners |
| Cofrin Memorial Arboretum | University of Wisconsin | Green Bay |
| Foxfire Botanical Gardens | | Marshfield |
| Gardens of the Fox Cities | | Appleton |
| The Garden Door | | Sevastopol |
| Green Bay Botanical Garden | | Green Bay |
| Second Nature at Reads Creek | | Readstown |
| Ledge View Nature Center | | Chilton |
| Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory | | Milwaukee |
| Norskedalen | | Coon Valley |
| Olbrich Botanical Gardens | | Madison |
| Paine Art Center and Gardens | | Oshkosh |
| Rotary Botanical Gardens | | Janesville |
| Schmeekle Reserve | | Stevens Point |
| University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum | University of Wisconsin | Madison |
| University of Wisconsin–Madison Botany Garden and Greenhouse | University of Wisconsin | Madison |
| Yerkes Observatory (50 acre Olmsted-designed landscape) | | Williams Bay, WI |