OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ripieno concerto

The ripieno concerto is a late Baroque music genre. The word ripieno is from the Italian for "padding," referring to the string orchestra and any wind or chord-playing instrumentalists who played no solo parts but would accompany the soloists in concerti and concerti grossi . The concerto ripieno was sometimes referred to as a "concerto a quattro" (or "a cinque" if the orchestra included two viola parts, a standard scoring in the 17th century) and was a composition for the ripieno alone (i.e. for string orchestra and continuo), with either no solo parts or clearly subsidiary ones. Beginning with the six ripieno concertos, Op. 5 (1692), of Giuseppe Torelli, this genre enjoyed an efflorescence that extended until about 1740.

## Types

Most ripieno concertos fall into one of two distinct classes: a sonata type and a sinfonia type. The sonata type generally mirrors the form and style of the sonata da chiesa in its use of four-movement slow–fast–slow–fast cycles and predominantly fugal texture.
The more modern sinfonia type was firmly established in Torelli's second publication to include concertos, Op. 6 (1698), and in Giulio Taglietti's Concerti a Quattro, Op. 4 (1699), which turn to the three-movement (fast-slow-fast) pattern and more homophonic texture familiar to us from the solo concerto and opera sinfonia. The opening movements also parallel the solo concerto in utilizing ritornello form (without solo sections), in which the opening material recurs from one to several times in various keys, the last statement normally in the tonic. Finales are most often binary in form and dancelike in style. The sinfonia type gradually merged with the early concert symphony beginning in the 1720s, doubtless in part because the term concerto was by that time acquiring an indelible association with the notion of tutti-solo contrast.
Concerto for Orchestra of the 20th century is not a ripieno concerto in the Baroque sense but rather a display piece in which the orchestra itself is the virtuoso, with soloists, to sections of the orchestra, to choirs, to tutti taking on and relinquishing the solo part or parts. Best known through Bartók's popular work of 1943, other examples include those by Hindemith (1925), Walter Piston (1933), Zoltán Kodály (1939–40), Michael Tippett (1962–63), and Elliott Carter (1969). In the last piece, Carter dramatically personifies or characterizes the various concertino groupings, a technique he had previously explored in his Double Concerto for harpsichord and piano (1961) and his Piano Concerto (1964–65).
# St Ivel

St Ivel is a brand of dairy products in the United Kingdom, introduced in 1901 by the Yeovil-based dairy company Aplin & Barrett, for use on a range of their products. The company was taken over by Unigate Dairy Company in 1960. Most production sites were in the south west of England and some in Wales. Most of its brands were bought in the beginning of the 2000s by Dairy Crest, following a severe decline in doorstep deliveries of milk – previously a major area of business for Unigate. In 2020 the St Ivel brand was still used for buttermilk produced by Dairy Crest's successor Müller.

## Products and divisions
### Low fat spreads

The spreads division, which included the Gold low fat brand, manufactured in Kirkby on Merseyside, were bought by Dairy Crest in November 2002 for £86m from Uniq. Uniq had been formed from what was left of Unigate after selling its cream division to Dairy Crest in May 2000. When the spreads division had gone as well, Uniq and the former Unigate were barely recognisable.

### Cream

The cream division was bought by Dairy Crest from Unigate/Uniq in July 2000.

### Yoghurts

St Ivel, being owned by Uniq/Unigate, made Shape yoghurts in Wootton Bassett in Wiltshire, until this brand was sold off to Danone for £32m. The factory closed in February 2003, having opened in 1908, and is now the Beaufort Park housing estate after being sold for £19m in August 2004. The factory was demolished in June 2005.

### Milk

Under the St Ivel name, Dairy Crest makes milk promoted to school age children with added Omega 3 fatty acids. Robert Wiseman Dairies of Scotland tried unsuccessfully to buy the milk division of Unigate in March 2000. St Ivel also supply milk to Marks and Spencer.

### Juice

St Ivel manufactures Mr Juicy. This can be purchased in a range of flavours, however, the most common one is orange.

## Production sites

St Ivel had other sites in Chichester, Evercreech, Whitchurch, Westbury, Hemyock, Harby, Chard, Minsterley in Shropshire, and St Erth in Cornwall. Cheese was made in Haverfordwest, Carmarthen.
# Cocentaina

Cocentaina (Valencian:; Spanish:) is a locality and municipality in the comarca of Comtat, in the province of Alicante, Spain. The village is located between the mountainous Serra de Mariola national park and the Serpis river. Cocentaina is conveniently situated for both road and mountain biking. Many of the roads are used for training by professional teams (Astana have been seen regularly), and several roads have been used by the Vuelta a España.
The economy of Cocentaina is chiefly based on the textile industry.

## Main sights

The most important monuments in Cocentaina are the convents of the orders of Saint Clare (from the 16th century) and Saint Francis, the Catholic church of L'Assumpció and the Palace of the Counts of Cocentaina.
* Palace of the Counts of Cocentaina
* Cocentaina Castle
* Route of the Valencian classics
* Serra Mariola Natural Park

## Events

The Moros i cristians festival and the Fira de Tots Sants ("All Saints Fair") of Cocentaina attracts many tourists each year. The Moros i Cristians festival is dated in 1586.

## People

* David Belda, cyclist
* Nicolás Borrás, a Spanish Renaissance painter and monk of the Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba.
* Timoteo Briet Montaud, art nouveau architech.
* Natxo Insa, footballer
* José Luis Moltó, Spanish volleyball player
* Lucas Torró, footballer
* Rafael Valls, cyclist
# Blair Historic District

The Blair Historic District is a historic district located in downtown Belleville, Illinois. The district encompasses a mainly commercial area on the west side of the downtown area; it includes 78 buildings, 57 of which are contributing buildings. The entire district is located within the original plat of the city, which was established following a land donation from George Blair in 1813. The oldest buildings in the district date to circa 1850; development continued from then on into the early twentieth century. Most buildings in the district are two-part brick commercial blocks designed in popular contemporary styles such as the Italianate, Second Empire, Classical Revival, and Romanesque Revival. The Reichert Business Block, a three-story structure at 200 West Main Street, has a particularly significant Second Empire design; the building features a mansard roof with dormers and a decorative cornice and has been described as the district's most elaborate building. Two Classical Revival buildings, the 1911 United States Post Office Building and the 1924 Turner Hall, also have a commanding presence in the district; the post office was designed by Supervising Architect James Knox Taylor.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 2015.
# Pine Tree Academy

Pine Tree Academy (also known as Pine Tree or PTA) is a Seventh-day Adventist, co-educational University preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades K–12.
It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. The school is located in Freeport, Maine, north of Portland.
Pine Tree Academy was founded in 1921 on a farm near Auburn, Maine. The school closed in 1933 because of The Depression. In 1961, the academy reopened as Pine Tree Memorial School in Freeport. In 1973, the school began offering all four years of the high school grades. Today, the academy is the oldest academy in the Northern New England Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.
# Gynura bicolor

Gynura bicolor, hongfeng cai 紅鳳菜, Okinawan spinach 「水前寺菜（スイゼンジナ）」or edible gynura, is a member of the chrysanthemum family (Asteraceae). It is native to China, Thailand, and Myanmar but grown in many other places as a vegetable and as a medicinal herb.
There are two kinds: one that is green on both sides, and another with leaves that are green on the top and purple underneath. Both kinds are considered medicinal vegetables. Gynura bicolor is a perennial and therefore found for sale throughout the year, however, winter and spring are the best times to use the plant.

## History

G. bicolor has been used as a food and folk medicine for millennia. It was brought into cultivation at the Calcutta Botanic Garden from the Moluccas of eastern Indonesia in 1798.
It was introduced to Japan in the 18th century. In 2010, Gynura bicolor had a shipment volume of 63 tons in Japan.

## Uses

Gynura bicolor contains high levels of vitamin C, crude protein, iron, carotenoids, calcium, essential amino acids, and is a rich source of anthocyanins.
According to Chinese food grouping, Gynura bicolor is a 'cool' food, so the leaves are stir-fried with sesame oil and ginger (both 'hotter' foods) to achieve balance. The stems and roots of the plant can also be made into tea. Choose leaves with few bruises and without black stains. In Japan, Gynura bicolor is eaten as local vegetable in Ishikawa, Kumamoto, and Okinawa, blanched lightly and served with ponzu, as an ingredient of miso soup, or tempura.
The roots of the plant have been used for consumption in aviation for their richness in Vitamin K. It has an application to address bone decay in astronauts, increasing the absorption of calcium. It can also help female astronauts during menstruation.

## Propagation

Taking cuttings is very easy.

## Toxicity

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, toxic to the human liver, have been discovered in Gynura bicolor tested from five regions in China. No significant genotoxic effects were found. Samples collected from one region, Jiangsu, displayed weak cytotoxicity at the concentration of 100mg/ml, indicating that some caution should be had.
Another study found that the plant generally has a negligible level of toxicity when administered orally and has been labeled safe in experimental rats. The plant was not cytotoxic to the normal cell line and "confirmed the safety of the G. bicolor for consumption." The study also found that the plant had a chemoprevention potential.
Controlled consumption of the plant has been advised to prevent any potential harmful effects from the generally low presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
# Wellsburg Historic District

Wellsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Wellsburg, Brooke County, West Virginia. It encompasses 693 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Wellsburg. Notable buildings include the Brooke County Courthouse (1836), Northwestern Bank of Virginia (1835), Christ Episcopal Church (1887), First Methodist Church (1853), Patrick Gass Cottage (1797, c. 1850), and Crescent Glass factory (c. 1900). Also in the district are a number of residences in popular architectural styles including Greek Revival and Late Victorian. Located within the district are the separately listed Miller's Tavern and Wellsburg Wharf.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# 11-Hydroxycannabinol

11-Hydroxycannabinol (11-OH-CBN) is the main active metabolite of cannabinol (CBN), one of the active components of cannabis, and has also been isolated from cannabis itself. It is more potent than CBN itself, acting as an agonist of CB$_1$ with around the same potency as THC, but is a weak antagonist at CB$_2$.
# Ryan Bezuidenhout

Ryan Bezuidenhout (born 26 February 1986) is a Zimbabwean first-class cricketer. He played for the Southern Rocks in the 2013–14 season, and the Mid West Rhinos in 2014–15.
# Hidden Treasures (cereal)

Hidden Treasures was a short-lived breakfast cereal by General Mills. Introduced in 1993, alongside Sprinkle Spangles, the cereal consisted of sweetened corn squares that all looked the same, but were meant to be filled with a fruity filling. The icing filling flavors were cherry, orange and grape. To emphasize the treasure hunt dynamic, some pieces had no icing filling and were hollow. However, thanks to the process by which the icing filled pieces were made, clever children would have little difficulty noticing the pattern: pieces with a seam very close to the edge had a grape filling, off-center seams had orange, and directly center seams had cherry. Hidden Treasures was discontinued by 1995.

## Mascot

Since Hidden Treasures was so short-lived, only two commercials were made for it. A temporary mascot was made for the first commercial, a robot named H.T. – H.T. was said to have been programmed to try to figure out what was inside each of the cereal's pieces. He was dropped when the final commercial aired.
# Ísleifur Gissurarson

Ísleifur Gissurarson (c. 1006 – 5 July 1080), an Icelandic clergyman, became the first bishop of Iceland, following the adoption of Christianity in 1000 AD.
His parents were Gissur Teitsson and Þórdís Þóroddsdóttir. After studying in Herford in Germany, he was made bishop of Iceland in 1056 by Athelbjart, archbishop of Bremen. He built up a see in his family homestead in Skálholt and founded a school. One of his students was Jón Ögmundarson (1052-1121), who later became the first bishop in Hólar. Ísleifur served as bishop for 24 years, right until his death. His wife was Dalla Þorvaldsdóttir and they had three sons: Þorvaldur, Teitur and Gissur, the latter taking over as bishop after his father's death in 1080.
# Tito Conti

Tito Conti (1842–1924) was an Italian painter, mainly of genre costume or historical subjects.

## Biography

He was born and lived in Florence, where he studied at the Institute of Fine Arts.
He was resident professor at the Academic College of Fine Arts of Florence. Among his works are: La Presentazione; Il quarto d'ora di Rabelais e La musica (1876); Il brindisi alla bettoliera; L'addio; Portrait of his wife; Il sospetto; Il Cantastorie; Il Moschettiere; and Per la passeggiata (1886, Florence). Among his pupils was Arturo Ricci.
With regards to Conti, who he grouped in thematic to Francesco Vinea and Edoardo Gelli, the contemporary American art collector James Jackson Jarves described him relative to the other two as showing "more refinement and higher artistic culture". While praising his "painting of tapestried backgrounds, ornate furniture, and elaborate details", he also disparaged the thematic, saying: "He paints too well for his subject. If his creative faculty were equal to his execution, he would be the first painter of his day."
# Martin Donnelly (footballer, born 1988)

Martin Donnelly (born 28 August 1988) is a retired Northern Irish footballer born in Belfast who played as a winger.
After previously playing for Sheffield United and Rochdale, without appearing in the Football League, Donnelly signed for Crusaders in the summer of 2008, and won the Irish Cup in 2009. Along with team-mate Colin Coates, he was called up to the Northern Ireland squad for the match against Italy on 6 June 2009. Donnelly entered the game as an 82nd-minute substitute to win his first full cap, to add to the three under-21 caps he had won previously.
During his time with the Crues, he made a total of 126 appearances, scoring 22 goals. After turning down the club's offer of a new contract midway through the 2010–11 season, Donnelly joined North Belfast rivals Cliftonville on a two-year contract, of whom he is a lifelong fan.
Donnelly joined Larne in the 2018 transfer window and quickly established himself as a firm fans favourite. He scored 24 goals as the club romped to the 2018/19 Championship title. On 16 August 2021 it was announced that Donnelly had signed for Linfield, as part of a player exchange deal which saw Navid Nasseri move to Larne.

## Honours

Crusaders
* Irish Cup: 2008–09
* County Antrim Shield: 2009–10
Cliftonville
* County Antrim Shield: 2011–12
* NIFL Premiership: 2012–13, 2013–14
* Irish League Cup: 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
Larne
* County Antrim Shield: 2020–21
* NIFL Championship: 2018–19
Individual
* Ulster Young Player of the Year: 2008–09
* NIFL Championship Player of the Year 2018–19
* NIFL Championship Team of the Year 2018–19
* NIFL Premiership Team of the Year 2020–21
# West Baltimore Innovation District

The West Baltimore Innovation Village District is a neighborhood district of Baltimore City that will specialize in attracting startup companies and other employers to West Baltimore. Following the Death of Freddie Gray and the subsequent 2015 Baltimore protests, government leaders decided to launch the innovation district as a way to attract redevelopment and revitalization to the areas hardest hit by the protests. The district includes the neighborhoods of Mondawmin, Coppin Heights, Penn-North, Reservoir Hill and Bolton Hill.

## Background

Efforts to form the district originated from the community organization known as the Mount Royal Community Development Corporation (MRCDC). Similar innovation districts have been formed in neighborhoods like University City in Philadelphia and the South Boston Seaport District. The West Baltimore Innovation District neighbors the nearby Station North Arts and Entertainment District and includes access to numerous forms of transportation including the Baltimore Metro Subway and Baltimore Light Rail.

## Neighborhood attractions

* Coppin State University
* Druid Hill Park
* Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory and Botanic Gardens of Baltimore
* The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore
* Mondawmin Mall
* Maryland Institute College of Art

## Transportation

* Mondawmin Metro Station
* Penn–North Metro Station
* Upton / Avenue Market Metro Station
* State Center Metro Station
* Cultural Center Light Rail stop
* Mt. Royal/MICA station
* North Avenue Light Rail stop
# San yan chong

The san yan chong (simplified Chinese: 三眼铳; traditional Chinese: 三眼銃; lit. 'three-eyes gun') was a three barrel hand cannon used in the Ming dynasty.
The distinctive san yan chong, or three eyed gun, was one of the most common Ming hand cannons. Three eyed guns were usually made from cast iron or crude steel, each of the three eyed gun's metal tubes would have a small hole that allows the user to pour in gunpowder. Functionally they were no different from many contemporary European hand cannons—a solid metallic head with an aperture behind it for different tail fittings to be attached, ranging from the butt of a staff, a spearhead, to a specialized short curved stock with a raised sight that enabled the gunner to fire it while kneeling—these would be called "Divine Machines."
Historians have attributed their design to be refined from primitive fire lances—which consisted of bundles of single joint of bamboos tied around a spear. As time progressed though, metal barrels appeared during the 12th century, and could not only shoot out spouts of flames like a small flame thrower but they could also fire porcelain shards or metal scraps as shrapnel. The three headed gun would standardize the rounds and became the next evolution of the fire lance—on top of standardizing the rounds, which ranged from rounds of steel balls to shrapnel, to rough iron sand.
Though they the three eyed guns and all of its variants were developed roughly in tandem with contemporary European hand guns, even after superior European guns were introduced to China via Portuguese merchants in the 16th century the Ming still fielded them in the tens of thousands to work in conjunction with whole new divisions fully equipped with western muskets.
As the Ming dynasty neared its collapse, the production and deployment of these multi-barrelled guns actually rose drastically against the rising Manchu threat.
# Ammar Abo Bakr

Ammar Abo Bakr is a muralist and graffiti artist in Egypt. His work depicts the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, portraits, Egyptian history, and Egyptian pop culture, and can be seen on Mohamed Mahmoud Street and in other places in Cairo, Alexandria, Beirut, Brussels, Amsterdam, Berlin, Cologne and Frankfurt.

## Biography

Ammar Abo Bakr is a muralist from Egypt. His works have cased walls in Cairo, Luxor, Alexandria, Beirut, Frankfurt, Berlin, Amsterdam and Brussels.
Ammar Abo Bakr was born on February 15, 1980. He attended Luxor Faculty of Fine Arts from 1996 and 2001 where he studied painting. Beginning in 2004, Abo Bakr began including work done by the Egyptian people in his paintings. His work as a draftsman on a German-led scientific excavation of an archeological site in Asyut brought him into contact with Ancient Egyptian sites and artifacts. In addition to creating his own graffiti pieces, he was a professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Luxor University where he attended school.
When writing about his work, Abo Bakr noted, "What we did in Egypt in recent years was not about presenting art, at least it wasn't to me: We used walls as a newspaper... Me, I was a fine arts assistant professor. I left the faculty of arts to report on the revolution in the city’s walls."

## Creative works

His murals depict the history of Egypt, Islamic culture, with some on Mohamed Mahmoud Street, close to Tahrir Square, where the January 25 revolution occurred and which became a site of debate and discussion during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
In 2012, Abo Bakr, along with other artists started the "No Walls" campaign, aiming to cover government-erected concrete barricades with graffiti. The graffiti included murals and paintings of the continuation of the street behind the barricades. The goal of the campaign was to use trompe-l'œil to make it appear as if the barriers were not there.
Abo Bakr believes that the revolution gave artists in Luxor and Cairo a chance to show their work in the street.
Abo Bakr also painted "Perfumed With Mint", a large-scale mural on a residential building in Amsterdam. and participated in an art exhibition in downtown Cairo "Where is the Fun in Contemporary Art".
He also worked on the production design for hip hop artist Marwan Pablo "Ghaba" in 2021.

## Illustrations

Change of Perspective: A Reflection on Archaeological Work in Egypt: the Local Excavators of the Asyut Project. [Perspektivenwechsel: Eine Reflexion archäologischen Arbeitens in Ägypten. Die lokalen Grabungsarbeiter des Asyut Project]. Tina Beck, The Asyut Project 8, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2016.
Generation Tahrir, Marseille, Le Bec en l'Air, 2016, 168p. (ISBN 978-2-36744-090-3), Ahmed Nagy and Pauline Beugines, 2016.
(featured artwork), Walls of Freedom: Street Art of the Egyptian Revolution, 240p. (ISBN 978-3937946474), curated and edited by Basma Hamdy and Don Karl, 2014.
(cover ill. Ammar Abo Bakr), Creating Spaces of Hope: Young Artists and the New Imagination, Caroline Seymour-Jorn, American University in Cairo Press, 2021.