OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ignatius of Moscow

Ignatius (Russian: Игнатий, Greek: Ιγνάτιος) (1540–1620) was a Russian Orthodox bishop of Greek descent who was the second Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia in 1605–1606, even though his status is now disputed and he is frequently omitted from the list of Patriarchs of Moscow by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Ignatius was reported to be of Cretan descent. He came to Russia in 1595 as a member of an ecclesiastic mission, sent by the Patriarch of Constantinople. He took part in the coronation of Boris Godunov. In the early 17th century, Ignatius was appointed Archbishop of Ryazan. After the death of Godunov, he expressed support to False Dmitriy I and, even before the pretender reached Moscow, was swearing in his supporters in Tula. On 30 June 1605, Ignatius was elected patriarch by the council of bishops to replace Patriarch Job, who was sent into exile for refusing to acknowledge the pretender's rights for Russian throne. Ignatius performed the coronation of False Dmitriy I on 21 July 1605 and later also celebrated the coronation of his wife Marina Mnishek and their marriage. At that time, Ignatius was also an ardent opponent of the Unia.
After the assassination of False Dmitriy I, Ignatius was removed from his see and confined in the Chudov Monastery by the order of Tsar Vasili IV. In 1610, patriarch Ignatius supported False Dmitriy II. In April this year the patriarch Hermogen, consistently calling on the Russians to participate to arms and the expulsion of the Poles from the country was thrown into prison in the Chudov Monastery. His duties were taken over, this time without the confirmation of this fact by the council, by Ignatius. But the latter did not want to remain in the civil war-stricken Russia and December 27, 1611, made an attempt to escape from Moscow. In the vicinity of Smolensk, Ignatius was assaulted, robbed, and then stopped in the Polish camp outside the city. Polish King Sigismund III Vasa hoped that in the future will be able to renew war with Russia, and intended to use the former patriarch person Ignatius was taken to Vilnius and settled in the Holy Trinity Church of the Basilian Monastery. At that time he also converted from Russian Orthodoxy ("the Disunia") to Byzantine Rite Catholicism ("the Unia"), thus entering into full communion with the Pope.
The date of the death of Ignatius traditionally were positioned around 1640, but in more recent studies mentioned much earlier years 1618 or 1619. The clergyman was buried in the church of the Holy Trinity in the Basilian monastery in Vilnius. His remains were probably removed from the tomb and exported out of the city by the Russian army after the capture of Vilnius in 1655.
Due to his active role in the installation of False Dmitriy I to the Moscow throne and later conversion to the Unia, Ignatius has suffered from damnatio memoriae in subsequent ages and often is not counted among the legitimate patriarchs by the Russian Orthodox Church. Even though his predecessor Patriarch Job was removed from his post by force, the legitimacy of Ignatius' election and his status as patriarch was not questioned by his contemporaries.
# James Auchmuty

James Johnston Auchmuty, CBE, FRHistS, FAHA (29 November 1909 – 15 October 1981) was an Irish born historian and inaugural vice-chancellor of the University of Newcastle, Australia.

## Early life

Auchmuty was born in Portadown, County Armagh, Ireland, the elder son of James Wilson Auchmuty, a Church of Ireland clergyman, and his wife Annie Todd (née Johnston). James Johnston Auchmuty graduated from Trinity College Dublin (BA, 1931; MA, 1934; Ph.D., 1935), having been elected a scholar of the university in 1929. He was elected auditor of the College Historical Society for 1931–32. Auchmuty was schoolmaster at Sandford Park School from 1934 to 1936 and lectured in education at Trinity College 1938 to 1943.

## MI6 and Egypt

Due to poor eyesight Auchmuty was unable to join the armed forces, however he was recruited by MI6 and performed intelligence work and pro-British cultural propaganda in Ireland. Auchmuty decided to leave Ireland after World War II to avoid being interned for working on non-Irish interests. He then worked as an associate professor of history at Farouk I University at Alexandria, Egypt teaching and continuing his work of political reporting and propaganda until the overthrow of King Farouk in 1952.

## Career in Australia

British intelligence contacts then found Auchmuty a position as senior lecturer in history at the New South Wales University of Technology, Sydney (later the University of New South Wales) where he moved later in 1952. He was no longer an intelligence operative. In 1954 Philip Baxter, the university's director, sent Auchmuty, as associate professor, to head the school of humanities and social sciences at Newcastle University College. In 1955 he was promoted to professor of history and deputy-warden of the University College, becoming warden in 1960 and foundation vice-chancellor when the college gained autonomy as the University of Newcastle in 1965.

## Awards and memberships

Auchmuty was elected as a fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 1938. He was a foundation member (1956) and chairman (1962 to 1965) of the Australian Humanities Research Council and a foundation fellow (1969) and member (1969–70) of the council of its successor, the Australian Academy of the Humanities. Active in the Australian Vice-Chancellors’ Committee (chairman, 1969–71), Auchmuty was also a council member (1967 to 1974) of the Association of Commonwealth Universities and was awarded its Symons medal in 1974. From 1973 to 1976 he chaired the Australian National Commission for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1971 and in 1974 was awarded honorary degrees by the universities of Sydney (D.Litt.), Newcastle (D.Litt.), and Trinity College, Dublin (LL D). On retirement from the University of Newcastle in 1974, the Library and the sports centre were named after him, in honour of two of his particular interests. He and his wife then moved to Canberra.
Auchmuty died in Bloomington, Indiana, United States, survived by his wife, a son and daughter; a younger son had died in infancy.
# 1977 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships

The 1977 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts (Har-Tru) at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts in the United States. The event was categorized as a 4 Star tournament and was part of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 50th edition of the tournament and was held from August 22 through August 30, 1977. Third-seeded Manuel Orantes won the singles title and the accompanying $32,000 first-prize money as well as 125 Grand Prix ranking points. First-seeded Jimmy Connors withdrew after the quarterfinals due to a back injury.

## Finals
### Singles

Manuel Orantes defeated Eddie Dibbs 7–6, 7–5, 6–4
* It was Orantes' 2nd singles title of the year and the 31st of his career.

### Doubles

Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated Brian Gottfried / Bob Hewitt 6–3, 6–4
# Prague (disambiguation)

Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic.
Prague may also refer to:

## Places

* Praha, Slovakia, a village in Lučenec District
* Prague, Nebraska, USA
* Prague, Oklahoma, USA
* New Prague, Minnesota, USA
* Praha, Texas, USA

## Arts and entertainment

* Infant Jesus of Prague, a famous statue of Jesus located in Prague
* Prague (novel), a 2002 novel by Arthur Phillips
* Prague fatale, a 2011 novel by Philip Kerr
* Prague (1992 film), a UK/French film directed by Ian Sellar
* Prague (2006 film), a Danish film starring Mads Mikkelsen
* Prague (2013 film), a Hindi romance film
* "Prague" (Succession), a 2018 television episode
* Mozart's Symphony No. 38 (Mozart), subtitled Prague
* Prague (band), a Japanese rock band
* "Prague", a 1992 song by Mega City Four, covered by Muse

## Other

* The Prague Offensive, the last major European battle of World War II
* Edith Prague (1925–2021), American politician
# Byron Barwig

Byron Barwig (July 29, 1862 – December 9, 1943) was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Barwig was born on July 29, 1862, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His father, Charles Barwig, became a member of the United States House of Representatives. In 1865, Barwig moved with his parents to Mayville, Wisconsin. On November 30, 1892, he married Mary Rahlfs. They had three children. Barwig died on December 9, 1943. He was buried in Mayville.

## Career

Barwig was elected to the Senate in 1914. Previously, he was Mayor of Mayville and delegate to the 1908 Democratic National Convention.
# Edward Romilly

Edward Romilly (19 April 1804, London – 12 October 1870, Porthkerry, Glamorgan) was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1825 to 1831, and a Member of Parliament from 1832 to 1835. He was a Cambridge Apostle.

## Life

Edward Romilly was the third son of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was educated at King Edward VI School in Bury St Edmunds and entered Christ's College, Cambridge in 1822. In 1826, he migrated to Trinity Hall, and graduated LL.B. in 1828.
As a cricketer Romilly was mainly associated with Cambridge University Cricket Club and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), of which he was a member. He made 9 known appearances in first-class matches including 1 for the Gentlemen in 1827.
Standing as a Whig, he was elected at the 1832 general election as one of the two Members of Parliament (MP) for Ludlow, but was defeated at the 1835 general election.
Romilly was a member of the Board of Audit from 1837 to 1866, and its chairman from 1855 to 1865.
# Oscar Clark Hathaway

Oscar Clark Hathaway (March 1, 1833 – November 1, 1909) was an American miner, ore merchant, and Republican politician. He served four years in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Grant County.

## Biography

Hathaway was born on March 1, 1833, in Swanton (town), Vermont. He moved to Wisconsin in 1853, and engaged in iron manufacturing in Mayville, Wisconsin, and lead mining in Beetown, Wisconsin.
He died in Exeter, California, on November 1, 1909. He was buried at Home of Peace Cemetery in Porterville, California.

## Political career

A Republican, Hathaway was Chairman of the Town Board of Beetown in 1872 and 1873. He represented the 16th District in the State Senate during the 1876, 1877, 1878, and 1879 sessions.
# Michael Wolff (graphic designer)

Michael Wolff is a British graphic designer and consultant on brands and corporate identity.

## Biography

Michael Wolff was born in London on 12 November 1933 to Russian parents fleeing post-Soviet revolutionary persecution. He grew up in London during WW2 and attended various preparatory schools before being evacuated to a small village in South Devon. He attended Caldicott School in Farnham Royal and then Gresham’s School in Norfolk. In 1951 Wolff was accepted into the AA School of Architecture.
As a child, he was strongly fascinated by color. He remembered the distinctive shade of blue on his tricycle and the dark green sweater he wore during his time on the Wolf Cubs, saying that, “...colour became a primary source of pleasure.” This fascination led him into his career as a graphic designer and influence his graphic design work, where he often used bold and vivid hues.

## Wolff Olins

In the early 1960s Wolff went into partnership with James Main in Camden Town, London and Wally Olins joined a few years later. In 1965 Wolff Olins was formed and became corporate identity specialists consulting to Volkswagen/Audi, Renault, The Labour Party, Apple Records, Camden Council, Citigroup, 3i, Waterstones, WHSmith and Bovis amongst others. Michael Wolff left Wolff Olins in the 1980s to work for various corporate clients before founding Michael Wolff and Company which he currently leads.
Michael Wolff's approach emphasizes both the importance of supporting companies with their products and services as well as communicating the cultural parts that shape their impact.

## Awards and patronages

In 2009 Wolff was made a senior fellow of the RCA. In 2012 he was appointed visiting professor at the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. He is a former president of both the D&AD (Design and Art Directors Association) and the Chartered Society of Designers. In 2011 Wolff was made an RDI (RSA's Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry).
Wolff is patron of the Inclusive Design Challenge with the Helen Hamlyn Centre at the Royal College of Art, a member of the Government sponsored Design and Technology Alliance against crime and a former chairman of the Legible London initiative with Transport for London.
In 2021 Michael Wolff was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Medal by the London Design Festival

## Publications

Michael Wolff's book Leap Before You Look – The Heart And Soul Of Branding was published in 2024 by Library Street. He collaborated with NB Studio and writer Tom Lynham to create the book that has all of his ideas as well as his work and life story in a very visual aspect.
# David Watkins (designer)

David Watkins is a British artist who has designed the medals for the London 2012 Olympics. Watkins was also a special effects maker for the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

## Life

Watkins was born in Wolverhampton in 1940 and he is a graduate of the University of Reading (1963 Fine Arts) where he met his lifelong partner Wendy Ramshaw.
Ramshaw is a Royal Designer for Industry and he has produced work for the Metropolitan Museum in New York and the National Museum of Modern Art in Tokyo.
National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C960/74) with Watkins in 2006 for its Crafts Lives collection held by the British Library. In 2009 Graham Hughes wrote a joint biography of Watkins and his wife and fellow designer Wendy Ramshaw.
In 2010 a retrospective exhibition of his work was held at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, titled Artist in Jewellery, a Retrospective View (1972–2010).

## Selected publications

* David Watkins encounters. Barcelona: Sd-edicions-Hipòtesi joies, 2004. (With Barbara Cartlidge & Mònica Gaspar) ISBN 84-607-9243-9
# Michael Laffey

Michael Laffey (July 5, 1863 – November 16, 1935) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Laffey was born on June 5, 1863, in Clyman, Wisconsin. He would eventually become involved in real estate.

## Political career

Laffey was elected to the Assembly in 1922 and was re-elected in 1924, 1926 and 1928. Previously, he was a member of the Milwaukee, Wisconsin Common Council from 1896 to 1897. He was a Republican.
# Charles Williams (Wisconsin state legislator)

Charles Henry Williams (August 13, 1844 – February 2, 1922) was an American farmer and Democratic politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate for one term, representing the 13th senatorial district (Dodge County) from 1877 to 1879.

## Biography

Born in Burnett, in Dodge County, Wisconsin, he served in various local offices, and was Town Supervisor of Westford, Dodge County, Wisconsin, where he also resided during his senate term. He was elected to one term in the senate and was defeated seeking re-election in 1878.
He died in Minnesota in 1922.

## Family

In 1869, Williams married Mary Elizabeth Wallace at Fox Lake, Wisconsin, with whom he raised eleven children.

## Electoral history

Wisconsin Senate, 13th District Election, 1876 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| General Election, November 7, 1876 ||||||
| | Democratic | Charles H. Williams | 5,728 | 62.36% | |
| | Republican | Edward C. McFetridge | 3,457 | 37.64% | |
| Plurality | Plurality | Plurality | 2,271 | 24.73% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 9,185 | 100.0% | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
Wisconsin Senate, 13th District Election, 1878 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| General Election, November 5, 1878 ||||||
| | Republican | Edward C. McFetridge | 3,437 | 45.36% | +7.72% |
| | Democratic | Charles H. Williams (incumbent) | 3,043 | 40.16% | −22.20% |
| | Greenback | Lorenzo Merrill | 1,097 | 14.48% | |
| Plurality | Plurality | Plurality | 394 | 5.20% | -19.53% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 7,577 | 100.0% | -17.51% |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Swing | 29.93% | |
# Giuseppe Gallarati

Giuseppe Gallarati (19 March 1695 – 1 July 1767) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate. He served as the bishop of the Diocese of Lodi from 1742 to 1767.
# Edward Heathcote

Edward Heathcote (April 15, 1859 – January 17, 1944) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Heathcote was born on April 15, 1859, in Monterey, Wisconsin. He later moved to the Town of Fennimore, Wisconsin.

## Career

Heathcote was elected to the Assembly in 1914, where he served on the finance committee. Additionally, he was Chairman of Fennimore and a member of the Fennimore Town Board. He was a Republican.
# Temim Fruchter

Temim Fruchter is an American writer and formerly the drummer in The Shondes, an indie punk band from Brooklyn, NY. Fruchter is outspoken about being an Orthodox-raised Jew who opposes the occupation of Palestine. In 2007, Heeb magazine listed Fruchter as one of the Heeb 100.
Fruchter's writing has also been published in a number of venues including Brevity. She is a regular contributor to Tom Tom Magazine: a magazine about female drummers and is a former blogger for AfterEllen. A first novel, City of Laughter, was published in 2024.
# Mike Kuglitsch

Mike Kuglitsch (born February 3, 1960) is an American consultant and Republican politician from Waukesha County, Wisconsin. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for six terms, representing the 84th district from 2011 through 2022.

## Biography

Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Kuglitsch graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Whitewater in 1983. He has held leadership roles in the New Berlin Chamber of Commerce, and the Wisconsin Restaurant Association. He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 2010. He announced on February 24, 2022, that he would retire.
# George W. Brown (Wisconsin politician)

George W. Brown (ca. 1819 - ?) was an American farmer from Brookfield Center, Wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1862 (the 15th Wisconsin Legislature).
In January 1862, he was 42 years old, a native of New York (state), and had been in Wisconsin for 16 years. He was elected to represent the new 1st Waukesha County Assembly district (the Towns of Brookfield, Lisbon, Menomonee, and Pewaukee) as a Democrat. (The Assembly had been redistricted, and the new district combined parts of the old 2nd and 4th districts, represented by William H. Thomas (a Democrat) and Myron Gilbert (a Republican) respectively.) He was assigned to the standing committee on internal improvements.
He was succeeded in the 1863 session by Silas Richardson, a fellow Democrat.
# John Hodgson (Wisconsin politician)

John Hodgson was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Hodgson was born in Yorkshire, England in 1812. In 1840, he married Cassandra M. Blake in Pontiac, Michigan. They would have six children, including Manville S. Hodgson, before her death on January 5, 1860. In December of that year, Hodgson married Esther Enos. He had settled in what is now Waukesha County, Wisconsin in 1842. Hodgson died there on December 22, 1869.

## Senate career

Hodgson was elected to the Senate in 1861. He was a Republican.
# Suzanne Jeskewitz

Suzanne Jeskewitz (born February 21, 1942) is a former Wisconsin legislator and politician.
Born in Galesville, Wisconsin, Jeskewitz graduated from Gale-Ettrick High School and then received her bachelor's degree from University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. She was in public relations, teaching, and a real estate broker. Jeskewitz served on the Waukesha County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors from 1992 to 1996. She was then elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1996, as a Republican. Jeskewitz served from 1996 until her retirement in 2009.
# William G. Bissell

William George Bissell (September 18, 1857 – March 1925) was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Bissell was born on September 18, 1857, in Massena, New York. He moved with his parents to Lodi, Wisconsin, in the spring of 1866. Bissell worked as a farmer, singing school teacher, and traveling salesman before becoming a general merchant in 1896. He married Eva Stella Sisson (1860–1937). Bissell died in March 1925 and is interred in Baraboo, Wisconsin.

## Senate career

In the fall of 1898 Bissell was nominated for the state senate by the Republicans of the twenty-seventh district, comprising Columbia and Sauk counties, and he was elected over Edmund S. Baker, the candidate of the democrats and James M. Blachly, the candidate of the Prohibitionists. Bissell represented the 27th District in the Senate from 1899 to 1902. Bissell served on the committees on state affairs, manufacturers and agriculture of the senate.
# Sakala County

Sakala County (Estonian: Sakala, Latin: Saccalia) was an ancient Estonian county that was first mentioned in print by Henry of Latvia in the early 13th century.

## Geography

Sakala County is in northwestern Livonia, covering approximately the present counties of Viljandi, the southern half of Pärnu and the western third of Valga County. It was the southernmost of the ancient Estonian counties.

## History

According to one hypothesis, the tribe of Sosols mentioned in Old East Slavic chronicles implies the people of Sakala. The chronicles say that Kievan Rus organized military campaign against Sosols in 1060 and taxed them. A year later, Sosols rose, destroyed Kievan Rus Fort in Tartu and tried to attack Pskov.
After the Livonian Crusade, the county became a part of the Livonian Confederation.
In Sackalian folklore, the neighbouring Ugaunians (ugalased) were enemy warriors and robbers. For instance, a folk song from Viljandi, the capital of Sackalia, calls for speeding up the harvest work because the Ugaunians might attack.
# Eugene Hahn

Eugene H. Hahn (born July 21, 1929) is a Wisconsin politician.
Hahn was born in Milwaukee but was raised in the Town of Springvale, Wisconsin. He graduated from Cambria High School and attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences from 1947 to 1948. He married Lorraine Eleanor Closs (1931–2021) in 1949. He worked as a farmer for most of his life.
Hahn first became involved in politics in 1957, when he was elected assessor for the Town of Springvale. He served as assessor until 1961. In 1972, Hahn was elected to the Board of Supervisors for Columbia County, where he served until 1991. He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1990 and served there until his retirement in 2009.
# Thomas B. Scott

Thomas B. Scott (February 8, 1829 – October 7, 1886) was President Pro Tem of the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Scott was born on February 8, 1829, in Roxburghshire, Scotland. He apparently settled in Dekorra, Wisconsin, in 1848 and what is now Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, in 1851. He was involved in the lumbering business. Scott married Ann E. Neeves and they had four children. He died of Bright's disease on October 7, 1886.

## Career

Scott was a member of the Senate from 1873 to 1882. He was President Pro Tem for two terms. Other positions he held include County Clerk and County Treasurer of Wood County, Wisconsin, a delegate to the 1880 Republican National Convention and Mayor of Merrill, Wisconsin. The town of Scott in Lincoln County was named in his honor.
# Xianxia Xincun, Shanghai

Xianxia Xincun (Chinese: 仙霞新村; pinyin: Xiānxiá Xīncūn) is a subdistrict of Changning, Shanghai.