# Alashankou

Alashankou is a border city in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. It is a port of entry by both railroad and highway from Kazakhstan as part of the Eurasian Land Bridge.

## Overview

The city is located at the Dzungarian Gate (Alashankou in Chinese), a pass connecting the two countries through the Dzungarian Alatau mountains. West of the pass, the port of entry on the Kazakhstan side is Dostyk. Alashankou is 73 kilometers (45 mi) from Bole, 460 kilometers (290 mi) from Ürümqi, and 580 kilometers (360 mi) from Almaty. The weather in Alashankou is harsh.
Alashankou is one of China's national first-class ports of entry. The volume of imports and exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang. Since 2010, it has surpassed Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia to become the busiest land port-of-entry in China.
Formerly a township-level port commission under the administration of Bole City, Alashankou was upgraded to a county-level city in December 2012. The city governs an area of 1,204 square kilometres (465 sq mi), including 12 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi) of built-up area, which is divided into Alatao and Aibihu subdistricts. It has a permanent population of 10,000 and a floating population of 30,000.

## Transport

The agreement between the Soviet Union and the China to connect Kazakhstan with Western China by rail was achieved in 1954. On the Soviet side, the railway reached the border town of Druzhba (Dostyk) in 1959. On the Chinese side, however, the westward construction of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway was stopped once it reached Ürümqi in 1962. Due to the Sino-Soviet split, the railway link was not completed until September 12, 1990. The highway port of entry was opened in December 1995.
The railway networks of the two countries use different gauges (China, like most of Europe, uses the standard gauge of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in), but Kazakhstan uses the broader gauge of 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge), so there are breaks of gauge. It is proposed to build a standard gauge transcontinental railway to link Europe and China to bypass these two breaks of gauge. This project was signed in 2004.
On July 10, 2010, Bole Alashankou Airport was opened with scheduled flights to Ürümqi.
Alashankou has again become a major transportation hub due to freight associated with the Belt and Road Initiative's Eurasian Land Bridge Economic Corridor.

## Administrative divisions

Alashankou is made up of 1 subdistrict and 1 town.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Mongolian (traditional) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code |
| Subdistrict ||||||||
| Alataw Subdistrict | 阿拉套街道 | Ālātào Jiēdào | ئالاتاۋ كوچا باشقارمىسى | Alataw kocha bashqarmisi | ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ | Алаг уул зээл гудамж | 652702001 |
| Town ||||||||
| Ebinur Town | 艾比湖镇 | Àibǐhú Zhèn | ئېبنۇر كۆلى بازىرى | Ëbnur köli baziri | ᠡᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Эв нуур балгас | 652702100 |

## Climate

Climate data for Alashankou, elevation 370 m (1,210 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 36.2 (97.2) | 40.2 (104.4) | 41.8 (107.2) | 44.1 (111.4) | 42.3 (108.1) | 39.1 (102.4) | 30.7 (87.3) | 19.5 (67.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 44.1 (111.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12.0 (10.4) | −6.1 (21.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 34.2 (93.6) | 32.5 (90.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | −7.2 (19.0) | 14.3 (57.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.5 (4.1) | −10.1 (13.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 13.9 (57.0) | 20.5 (68.9) | 26.1 (79.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 0.3 (32.5) | −10.3 (13.5) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.2 (−0.8) | −13.4 (7.9) | −2.1 (28.2) | 8.8 (47.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 20.5 (68.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 20.8 (69.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 6.5 (43.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | −12.6 (9.3) | 5.0 (41.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.4 (−24.5) | −30.5 (−22.9) | −25.3 (−13.5) | −10.6 (12.9) | 1.9 (35.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | 12.7 (54.9) | 9.1 (48.4) | 1.5 (34.7) | −7.8 (18.0) | −28.0 (−18.4) | −31.9 (−25.4) | −31.9 (−25.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.8 (0.23) | 4.2 (0.17) | 4.2 (0.17) | 10.1 (0.40) | 18.8 (0.74) | 15.6 (0.61) | 20.7 (0.81) | 16.5 (0.65) | 11.8 (0.46) | 8.8 (0.35) | 4.9 (0.19) | 8.1 (0.32) | 129.5 (5.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.5 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 8.8 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 12.0 | 81.4 |
| Average snowy days | 21.2 | 16.7 | 6.1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 7.6 | 21.5 | 74.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 77 | 63 | 42 | 35 | 34 | 36 | 36 | 39 | 52 | 70 | 81 | 54 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 108.3 | 130.8 | 192.1 | 251.8 | 299.2 | 294.0 | 300.8 | 296.6 | 259.8 | 204.2 | 113.9 | 73.7 | 2,525.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 38 | 44 | 51 | 61 | 65 | 63 | 64 | 70 | 71 | 62 | 41 | 27 | 55 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||