OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kwasarawa, Daura

Kwasarawa is an ancient place where some Fulani Rulers migrated to from Daura after the British and French had divided the three Daura polities, the British installed Zango's king, Malam Musa, as the new emir of Daura. Kwasarawa once part of Daura, It became part of the newly created Sandamu Local Government in Daura Emirate, Katsina State, Nigeria.

## History

In 1805, during the Fulani War, Daura was taken over by Fulani warrior Malam Ishaku, who set up an Islamic emirate. The Hausa set up rival states nearby, and the ruler of one, Malam Musa, was made the new emir of Daura by the British in 1904, While Fulani emirs reigned and established an Islamic emirate at Daura under the Sokoto Caliphate, in 1903–04, after the British and French had divided the three Daura polities, the British installed Zango's king, Malam Musa, as the new traditional emir of Daura emirate council. Part of former North-Central state after 1967, the traditional emirate was incorporated into Kaduna state in 1976. It became part of the newly created Katsina state in 1987. Faruk Umar Faruk became the 60th Emir of Daura on 28 Feb 2007 following the death of Sarkin Muhammadu Bashar dan Umaru.

## Emirate

The Daura Royal Palace ‘Kangiwa’ is a huge complex located in the centre of the ancient city. It is a symbol of culture, history and traditions of ‘Daurawa’. The Daura Emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" (Hausa Bakwai) In 1805, during the Fulani War, Daura was taken over by Fulani warrior Malam Ishaku, who set up an emirate. The Hausa set up rival states nearby, and the ruler of one, Malam Musa, was made the new emir of Daura by the British in 1904. , the Emir of Daura still rules as a ceremonial hereditary monarch, and maintains a palace. Umar Faruk Umar became the 60th Emir of Daura on 28 February 2007 following the death of Sarki Muhammadu Bashar Dan Umaru.
Alhaji Habu Wakili is the Sarkin Fulanin Kwasarawa.

## Demography

The Hausa people (sometimes grouped with the Fulani as Hausa-Fulani) are the largest ethnic group.
# Midlands, Mauritius

Midlands (Mauritian Creole pronunciation:) is a small village (population approx 4,500 in 2006) in the Plaines Wilhems district of Mauritius. The village is situated approximately halfway between Nouvelle France and Curepipe on the M2 motorway. Midlands is on the highlands of the island at approximately 386 metres. 20°20′S 57°33′E﻿ / ﻿20.333°S 57.550°E﻿ / -20.333; 57.550
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# Sidney Phillips

Sidney Clarke Phillips, Jr. (September 2, 1924 – September 26, 2015) was a United States Marine, family practice physician, and author from Mobile, Alabama. He provided source material and interviews for the making of Ken Burns' PBS documentary film The War and the HBO miniseries The Pacific. His recollections revolve around his time as a young man fighting in the Pacific War.

## Biography
### Early life

Phillips was born in Mobile, Alabama, the second child after his sister Katharine (1923-2019). A younger brother, John, followed. Their father, Sidney (1893-1950), was a US Army veteran of the Battle of Argonne Forest who became a teacher, then the principal of Murphy High School, where Phillips graduated in 1941. He was childhood friends with Eugene Sledge.

### Military service

After graduating from high school, Phillips enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 17, on December 8, 1941; the day after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. He was inducted later that month after obtaining parental permission.
He served with How Company, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division (H/2/1) and saw combat as an 81mm mortarman in a number of battles including the Battle of the Tenaru during the Guadalcanal Campaign and the Battle of Cape Gloucester. He reported that his mortar crew observed effective fire control discipline; one example was a firefight on Cape Gloucester where they were able to provide light high explosive rounds through the jungle canopy only 15 yards in front of their own lines.

### Post-war

After his overseas duty he enrolled in V12, a program designed to educate young men so they could become U.S. Navy officers. However, his four-year US Marine Corps enlistment expired on December 31, 1945, freeing him to return to Mobile.
He had decided while at Cape Gloucester to become a physician, so he enrolled in Spring Hill College, then went to medical school to become a family physician. He enlisted in the USMC Reserves while at Spring Hill, then was finally discharged in April 1948.
Phillips reported that Eugene Sledge's widow and sons introduced him to Ken Burns' writing team, then later the HBO writers, so that he was able to provide needed information about the lives of Marines in combat for the making of The Pacific.
In April 1946, he married Mary Houston and his best man was Eugene Sledge. He and Mary had three children together and they remained married until her death in 2000.

### Death

Phillips died on September 26, 2015. He is buried at Pine Crest Cemetery in Mobile.

## In media

Phillips wrote the memoir You'll be Sor-ree, an accounting of his experiences in the Marines. As a surviving veteran of World War II battles including the Guadalcanal Campaign and the Battle of Cape Gloucester, he provided valuable documentary interviews describing his recollections of the Pacific Theater of Operations. His character was played by actor Ashton Holmes in the HBO miniseries The Pacific.
# Pyuntaza

Pyuntaza (Burmese: ပြွန်တန်ဆာမြို့; MLCTS: pywan ti cha mrui.; also spelt Pyuntasa) is a small town located in Nyaunglebin Township, Bago District, Bago Region, Myanmar. It is about 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Bago (formerly Pegu).
The dominant ethnic group is Bamar, although there is a substantial number of Karen. The town's main economy consists of rice cultivation and distribution.

## Etymology

The name Pyuntaza comes from the Mon language term plaem sotchaek (ပလီုသစ္စ, Mon pronunciation:), which means "to break vows."

## History

In the colonial era, Pyuntaza was administered as a township of Pegu District in Lower Burma, covering an area of 1,443 square miles (3,740 km$^2$) and consisting of 232 villages. The township's population in 1901 was 52,952 persons, having more than doubled since 1891 (23,132). The western flank of the former Pyuntaza Township is hilly, while the eastern half is a flat rice-producing area.
From 1920 to 1931, with the emergence of a national railway system extending north–south, Pyuntaza emerged as a railway center town, along with neighbouring Daik-U. By rail, Pyuntaza was 88 miles (142 km) from Rangoon (now Yangon).
During World War II, prominent Burmese barrister U Chan Htoon retreated to Pyuntaza as his place of retirement.
# Thilashin

A thilashin (Burmese: သီလရှင်, pronounced,(Mon: သဳလ, listen), "possessor of morality", from Pali sīla) is a female renunciant in Burmese Buddhism; a Burmese Theravada Buddhist nun. They are not fully ordained nuns (bhikkhuni), as the full ordination is not legal for women in Burma, but are closer to sāmaṇerīs, 'novice nuns'. According to 2016 statistics published by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, there were 60,390 thilashin in Myanmar (Burma).

## Precepts

Like the maechi of neighbouring Thailand and the dasa sil mata of Sri Lanka, thilashin occupy a position somewhere between that of an eight-precept lay follower and a fully ordained monastic. However, they are treated more favourably than maechi, being able to receive training, practice meditation and sit for the same qualification examinations as the monks.
Thilashins observe the ten precepts and can be recognized by their pink robes, shaven head, orange or brown shawl and metal alms bowl. Thilashins would also go out on alms round on uposatha days and receive uncooked rice or money.
Thilashins are addressed with the honorifics sayalay (Burmese: ဆရာလေး; MLCTS: sa.rale:,, 'little teacher') and daw (Burmese: ဒေါ်; MLCTS: dau:,). These are attached to the Buddhist name given.
Thilashins often reside in either separate quarters or in segregated kyaung (temple-monasteries). They do not have to look after the monks, but may help cook if required. Although ranked lower than the monks, they are not subservient to them, but form their own communities.
People of the Pāli Canon :
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## Ordination

Thilashins are not fully ordained members of the Sangha. The full bhikkhuni lineage of Theravada Buddhism died out, being preserved only in the Mahayana tradition, and for various technical and social reasons was therefore absent, leaving the lay practice of living as a thilashin the only option for women who wish to renounce in Burma. As a result, in many respects the lifestyle of thilashins resembles that of an ordained bhikkhuni, even to the extent of making a daily alms-round.
There have been efforts by some thilashins to reinstate the bhikkhuni lineage, although there are serious reservations and legal obstacles from the government, monks and general populace. A new Theravada bhikkhuni sangha was first convened in 1996, and since then many more have taken the full vows. However, in Myanmar, thilashins remain the only monastic option for women at this time and ordaining as a bhikkhuni is an offence punishable by imprisonment.
# Guatemala woodrat

The Guatemala woodrat (Neotoma ferruginea), also called Tomes's woodrat, is a species of cricetid rodent from Mexico and northern Central America.

## Taxonomy

This species was described by Robert Fisher Tomes, an English zoologist, in 1862. In 1955, Emmett T. Hooper, an American zoologist, would lump this species with Neotoma mexicana, arguing that the two species were too similar where their respective ranges met. The two species would be considered loosely the same species until 2014, when a revision of the mexicana species group (at the time only containing Neotoma mexicana and Neotoma chrysomelas). This study found N. ferruginea & Neotoma picta to be distinct species, with the former having several subspecies. An additional study in 2021 referred more subspecies to this species, and showed N. ferruginea to be the sister species to N. picta from southern Mexico.
There are seven subspecies:
* Neotoma ferruginea ferruginea
* Neotoma ferruginea chamula
* Neotoma ferruginea isthmica
* Neotoma ferruginea parvidens
* Neotoma ferruginea solitaria (but see below)
* Neotoma ferruginea tropicalis
* Neotoma ferruginea vulcani
Molecular work has been done on all the subspecies except Neotoma ferruginea solitaria, but it is likely a subspecies of ferruginea given its range being so far removed from other Neotoma species.
This species is recognized by the American Society of Mammalogists, but not by the IUCN.

## Description

This is a relatively large cricetid, with a body length of 165 mm (6.5 in) and a tail length of 152 mm (6.0 in). They have an orange-brown color throughout their upperparts, brighter on the sides in most subspecies, with a bright white underside. The base of the hairs are dark. The whiskers are nearly as long as the head. The hind feet are much wider and longer than the forefeet. The tail is black, with relatively long hairs and more hairs near the tip of the tail than along its length.

## Range

This species occurs in western Honduras, western El Salvador, southern Guatemala, and southern Mexico, in the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla, and Guerrero. Its range is bordered to the north by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, which forms the border between this species's range and that of the Mexican woodrat, although their ranges seem to meet in western Veracruz. It occurs in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, and the southern part of the Sierra Madre del Sur. It occurs along the southern foothills along the Atlantic Ocean, but does not occur north of the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca. In Central America, it occurs in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. The border between this species and the Nicaraguan woodrat is unknown.
# Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VII of France, on 7 July 1438, required a General Church Council, with authority superior to that of the papacy, to be held every ten years, required election rather than appointment to ecclesiastical offices, prohibited the pope from bestowing and profiting from benefices, and forbade appeals to the Roman Curia from places further than two days' journey from Rome. The Pragmatic Sanction further stipulated that interdict could not be placed on cities unless the entire community was culpable. The king accepted many of the decrees of the Council of Basel without endorsing its efforts to coerce Pope Eugene IV.
The Catholic Church of France, in the eyes of some, declared administrative independence from the church in Rome. The Catholic Church of France suppressed the payment of annates to Rome and forbade papal intervention in the appointment of French prelates. While this resulted in a loss of papal power in France, the movement of conciliarists itself was divided. In 1449, the Council of Basel was dissolved, and the Concilliar movement suffered a nearly fatal blow.
The popes, especially Pius II (r. 1458–64), lobbied the French clergy to seek the repeal of the Pragmatic Sanction, and the French crown used promises of repeal as an inducement to the papacy to embrace policies favoring its interests, especially its military campaigns in the Italian peninsula. The Pragmatic Sanction was eventually superseded by agreements made between the French crown and Rome, especially the 1516 Concordat of Bologna.
# Michael Rackl

Michael Rackl (31 October 1883 – 5 May 1948) was Roman Catholic Bishop of Eichstätt from 1935 until his death in 1948.
He was born in Rittershof on 31 October 1883, the son of a wealthy farmer. He was the eldest of nine children, of which three were also religious. He graduated in 1904 and studied theology and philosophy at the Eichstätter Lyceum, graduating from the University of Freiburg in 1911 with a doctorate in dogmatics. Rackl was ordained a priest on 29 June 1909 at the age of 25 in Eichstätt by Cardinal Konrad von Preysing.
On 4 November 1935, aged 52, Rackl was appointed Bishop of Eichstätt, where he remained until his death in May 1948.
During the Second World War, Rackl allowed British Officers in a local prisoner-of-war camp to use the printing press of the diocese to produce a camp magazine entitled "Touchstone", which was notable for including three ghost stories by Alan Noel Latimer Munby.
In 1933, he signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State. He was a priest for almost 39 years and a bishop for 12 years.
In 1936, Rackl declared that Catholicism and National Socialism were incompatible, having been at odds with the Nazis since his inauguration as bishop the year before. In April 1937, he defended a priest, Johann Kraus, who had been ordered to leave Eichstätt by the Nazis.
# Comme des enfants

"Comme des enfants" is a song by Canadian singer Cœur de pirate from her first studio album Cœur de pirate. It was released as a single on 28 September 2009. In 2014, an instrumental version of the song was used in an advertisement for Disneyland Paris. The song is featured in the 2024 film My Old Ass.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 2 |
| France (SNEP) | 4 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 62 |
# Fabe (French rapper)

Fabrice "Fabe" (born in 1971, Paris, France) is a French rapper from Barbès, a district of Paris. He is one of the founders of Scred Connexion, an underground French rap group. He started rapping around 1991 releasing his first work as early as 1995. He is mostly known for his thought-provoking and clever use of lyrics. During the French Riots, he was cited in a petition against seven rap musicians and bands, who were alleged to have incited racism and the riots themselves. The claims were dropped shortly afterwards. He retired from the music scene in 2000 and left to study theology in Quebec.

## Discography
### Albums

* 1995 : Befa surprend ses frères
* 1997 : Le fond et la forme
* 1998 : Détournement de son
* 2000 : La rage de dire

### EP

* 1996 : Lentement mais sûrement

### Maxis

* 1994 : Je n'aime pas
* 1994 : Chaque fois avec Idéosoul & Sléo
* 1995 : Ça fait partie de mon passé
* 1996 : Fais-moi du vent
* 1996 : Lettre au président
* 1997 : Mal partis (Cut killer feat. Fabe, K-reen, Koma)
* 1997 : Des durs, des boss... des dombis
* 1998 : Code noir - Crime contre l'Humanité
# Rock River Canyon Wilderness

The Rock River Canyon Wilderness is a 4,640-acre (18.8 km$^2$) unit within the Hiawatha National Forest. It is located in Alger County, Michigan. The wilderness is accessible from M-94, which runs south of the unit in a west-to-east direction. The nearest town is Chatham, Michigan, which is located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the wilderness unit's eastern end.
Like the rest of the Hiawatha Forest, the Rock River Canyon Wilderness was logged starting about 1880 and ending about 1930. The typical method of logging was to clear-cut all marketable timber and leave the discarded slashings on the forest floor. A severe forest fire was almost inevitable, followed by severe erosion and the creation of a second-growth forest that differed from the previous old-growth forest in many ways. The wilderness is now a template of natural succession that contrasts with most of the Hiawatha National Forest, which continues to be managed for harvestable pulpwood.
Today, the Rock River Canyon Wilderness is a roadless unit within the managed Hiawatha Forest. The wilderness centers on two small sandstone canyons, approximately 150 feet (46 m) deep, through which flow the Rock River and its tributary Silver Creek. Rock climbing is discouraged because the wilderness's sandstone cliffs are friable and crumbly. The wilderness also includes a 15-foot (4.6 m) waterfall, Rock River Falls, and a shallow 13-acre (53,000 m$^2$) lake, Ginpole Lake. Both waterways, the waterfall, and the lake are all part of the Lake Superior drainage basin.
Large fauna within the Rock River Canyon Wilderness includes the black bear and the whitetail deer. Fish in the Rock River and Silver Creek include the northern pike, coho salmon, brook trout, brown trout, and rainbow trout.
The Rock River Canyon Wilderness was created by Congress in 1987.
# Jasper Downtown Historic District

The Jasper Downtown Historic District comprises 400 acres (160 ha) of Jasper, Alabama, centered on the county courthouse. Most of the buildings in the district are commercial, with other uses including the Masonic Temple, the post office and city hall, several houses and a number of warehouses. Most of the buildings were built in the 1920s through the 1940s. A variety of architectural styles are preserved, including Beaux-Arts and Art Deco.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2004.
# Abilene Downtown Historic District

The Abilene Downtown Historic District is a historic district in Abilene, Kansas which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The district is roughly bounded by Northeast 4th, West 1st, South Walnut, and North Olive Street.
The 45 acres (18 ha) listed area included 75 contributing buildings and four contributing structures, as well as 35 non-contributing buildings.
It includes Italianate and Classical Revival architecture, including works by Gilbert Stanley Underwood and Cayton & Murcay.
It includes a city hall, a courthouse, a post office, and commercial buildings for specialty stores, banks and other businesses. Nine buildings in the district were already separately listed on the National Register.
# Moscow Village Historic District

The Moscow Village Historic District encompasses a former 19th-century industrial village in southern Stowe, Vermont. Centered on the Little River at its Moscow Road crossing, the village prospered into the early 20th century as a woodworking center. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

## Description and history

The Moscow Village Historic District is located on the banks of the Little River in the southmost part of the Town of Stowe, Vermont. This unincorporated rural village includes properties north of the river on Moscow Road and Shaw Hill Road and properties south of the river on Adams Mill Road.
The Town of Stowe was first settled in the 1790s. By the early 19th century, three villages grew on the banks of the Little River. Smith's Falls, the southernmost village was named after the dam William Smith built in 1822. The village developed around two industrial sites: a saw and grist mill complex (Seaver sawmill, 1822) built north of the river and a woodworking factory built in 1889 downstream and on the southside of the river (Dillingham Brothers Woodworking Factory, purchased by George F Adams in 1914-1918.)
Smith's Falls took on a second name, Moscow, which was named after 'the bell of Moscow'. This bell was actually a used circular saw blade strung in the Old School House that was struck to announce meetings. By 1886, when the first Post Office appeared in the Village, Moscow formally replaced Smith's Falls as the Village's name. The Village prospered from the surrounding farms, logging, and development of the woodworking industry in Vermont. Woodworking and logging allowed villages to capitalize on the area's rich forests. Post-World War II economic factors accelerated a transition in the Village from a farming, logging, and woodworking community to a Village supported by small commercial and residential uses.
The historic district, like most village centers in Vermont, is built on the river. The Moscow Road Bridge (1844, rebuilt 1949) connects the Village to Route 100, Nebraska Valley, and Trapp Hill Road. The Seaver Sawmill remains in the center of the economic district. South of the river, the District extends along Barnes Hill and Adams Mill Road, roughly paralleling the river west of the bridge. On the north side, it extends westward along Moscow Road, paralleling the river, and eastward along River Road to its junction with Shaw Hill Road. The district contains a mix of residential, industrial, and commercial properties, generally of wood-frame construction and one to two stories in height. The 25 properties in the district also include the original Moscow General Store and first School.
# Louis de Culant

Admiral Louis de Culant (or Culan) (1360–1444) was a French nobleman and Admiral of France. He held the titles of Baron of Châteauneuf-sur-Cher, Lord of Culant and Ainay-le-Vieil. As Lord of Culant, the Château de Culan, a medieval fortress built in the 12th-15th centuries, which overlooks the valley of the Arnon belonged to him.

## Personal life

De Culant's family included brother John Culant, Lord of Crete; nephew Philippe de Culant, Marshal of France; and nephew Charles de Culant († ca.1451), Grand Master of France, who plotted a conspiracy against him. He was also cousin to Jean de Brosse, the royal army's commander, Marshall of Boussac and Sainte-Sévère, with whom he fought alongside as lieutenant during the Hundred Years' War.

## Career

De Culant and De Brosse were chosen to accompany Joan of Arc at the head of a troupe that joined the bulk of the forces royal march on Orleans, participating in the Battle of Orleans. From Orleans to Paris, De Culant fought on land with Joan of Arc.
He served as Admiral of France in 1421 through 1437 when he was removed from office due to allegations of misappropriation of public funds. De Culant participated in several other battles, including those at Beaugency, Jargeau, Meung, and Patay.
# Lazarus Ogbee

Lazarus Ogbee is a Nigerian politician. He served as a member representing Ikwo/Ezza South Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. He hails from Delta State. He was elected into the House of Assembly at the 2015 elections under the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). He decamped to the All Progressives Congress (APC).