OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ervand Kogbetliantz

Ervand George Kogbetliantz (Armenian: Երվանդ Գևորգի Կողբետլյանց; February 22, 1888, in Rostov-on-the-Don – November 5, 1974 in Paris, France) was a French and American mathematician of Armenian descent (born in Russian Empire) and the first president of the Yerevan State University. He left Russia in 1918. He received a Doctorate in mathematics from the University of Paris in 1923. His mathematical work was mainly on infinite series, on the theory of orthogonal polynomials, on an algorithm for singular value decomposition which bears his name, on algorithms for the evaluation of elementary functions in computers, and the enumeration of prime elements of the Gaussian integers. He also invented a three-dimensional version of chess. He was working at his death with Bobby Fischer on a game of chess for three people. When he first went to America (1941), he taught mathematics at Lehigh University. In the early 1950s, he was a consultant for IBM in New York City and taught at Columbia University. Prior to moving back to Paris and retiring, he was a professor at Rockefeller University.

## Articles and books

* Recherches sur la summabilité des séries ultrasphériques par la méthode des moyennes arithmétiques, J. Math. Pures Appl. 9, 107–187, 1924.
* Fundamentals of mathematics from an advanced viewpoint, 4 volumes, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1968.
* (with Alice Krikorian) Handbook of first complex prime numbers, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1971.
# Poliopogon

Poliopogon is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Pheronematidae.
The species of this genus are found in Pacific Ocean.
Species:
* Poliopogon amadou Thomson, 1877
* Poliopogon canaliculatus Wang, Wang, Zhang & Liu, 2016
* Poliopogon claviculus Tabachnick & Lévi, 2000
* Poliopogon distortus L.i.Gong, 2018
* Poliopogon maitai Tabachnick, 1988
* Poliopogon mendocino Reiswig, 1999
* Poliopogon micropentactinus Tabachnick & Lévi, 2000
* Poliopogon microuncinata Kersken, Janussen & Martínez Arbizu, 2018
* Poliopogon zonecus Tabachnick & Lévi, 2000
# Prodine

Prodine (trade names Prisilidine and Nisentil) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of pethidine (meperidine). It was developed in Germany in the late 1940s.
There are two isomers of the trans form of prodine, alphaprodine and betaprodine. Both exhibit optical isomerism and alphaprodine and betaprodine are racemates. Alphaprodine is closely related to desomorphine in steric configuration. The cis form also has active isomers but none are used in medicine. Betaprodine is around five times more potent than alphaprodine but is metabolized more rapidly, and only alphaprodine was developed for medicinal use. It has similar activity to pethidine, but with a more rapid onset and shorter duration of effects. Betaprodine produces more euphoria and side effects than alphaprodine at all dose levels, and it was found that 5 to 10 mg of betaprodine is equivalent to 25 to 40 mg of alphaprodine.
Testing in rats showed alphaprodine to be 97% the strength of morphine via the subcutaneous route and 140% the strength of oral methadone. Betaprodine was 550% stronger than morphine SC, the laevorotatory cis isomer was 350% stronger, and the dextrorotatory cis isomer was 790% stronger. Betaprodine taken orally was 420% stronger than oral methadone, the cis form was 390% stronger for the laevorotatory and 505% stronger for the dextrorotatory isomers.
Alphaprodine was sold under several brand names, mainly Nisentil and Prisilidine. It was most commonly used for pain relief during childbirth and dentistry, as well as for some minor surgical procedures. Alphaprodine has a duration of action of 1 to 2 hours, and 40 to 60 mg is equivalent to 10 mg of subcutaneous morphine.
Prodine has broadly similar effects to other opioids, producing analgesia, sedation and euphoria. Side effects can include excessive itching, nausea, vomiting and potentially serious respiratory depression which can lead to life-threatening respiratory arrest. Respiratory depression can be a problem with alphaprodine even at normal therapeutic doses. Unlike pethidine, prodine does not produce toxic metabolites and is therefore more suitable for high-dose therapy.

## Regulation

Alphaprodine has a DEA ACSCN of 9010 and 2013 manufacturing quota of 3 grams; betaprodine has an ACSCN of 9611 and a 2 grams quota.
# Titusvillia

Titusvillia is an extinct genus of colonial glass sponges that existed during the carboniferous period around 300 million years ago. It is represented by a single species, Titusvillia drakei.

## Taxonomy

It is uncertain if taxa in the clade Silicarea are a separate phylum, or contained within the phylum Porifera.
# Convention Center station (TriMet)

Convention Center station is a light rail station on the MAX Blue, Green and Red Lines in Portland, Oregon. It is the 8th stop eastbound on the current Eastside MAX, having not been built when the original line opened, in 1986. It was built to serve the Oregon Convention Center, which did not exist when the MAX line opened, and was completed and opened in the same month as the Convention Center, September 1990.
The station is located on Northeast Holladay Street at its intersection with Northeast Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. Although the station primarily serves the Oregon Convention Center, and the main entry to that building faces the light rail station, there are also a number of hotels immediately east and also north of the station.
From 2001 to 2012, this station was located within Fareless Square (renamed the Free Rail Zone in 2010), but the free-ride zone was discontinued in September 2012.

## Portland Streetcar connection

Southbound streetcars on the Portland Streetcar's Loop Service (called the CL Line until 2015), or A Loop cars, to the Central Eastside district and the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI), serve a stop located about 1,000 feet south of this station, on Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., on the Convention Center's east side (stop ID 5912). Northbound/eastbound streetcars on the same line, B Loop cars, to the Pearl District and the West End of downtown, serve a stop about 400–500 feet from this station, on NE Grand Avenue just south of Holladay Street (stop ID number 2175).
* A train arriving at the station

## Bus line connections

This station is served by the following bus line:
* 6-Martin Luther King Jr Blvd.
# Prudianka

Prudianka (Ukrainian: Прудянка, Russian: Прудянка) is a rural settlement in Kharkiv Raion of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the Lopan, in the drainage basin of the Don. Prudianka belongs to Derhachi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,749 (2022 estimate).

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Prudianka belonged to Derhachi Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Derhachi Raion was merged into Kharkiv Raion.
Prudianka was captured by Ukrainian forces on 22 April 2022.
Until 26 January 2024, Prudianka was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Prudianka became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

Prudianka railway station is on the railway connecting Kharkiv and Belgorod. There is local passenger traffic between Kharkiv and Kozacha Lopan.
The settlement has road access to Highway M20 which connects Kharkiv with the Russian border and continues across the border to Belgorod.
# Esquerdinha (footballer, born 1972)

José Marcelo Januário de Araújo (6 May 1972 – 31 October 2018), commonly known as Esquerdinha, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a left back.
Esquerdinha scored in the first leg of the 1999 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira which Porto would go on to win 5–2 on aggregate.
He died on 31 October 2018, in Cruz das Armas, a neighborhood in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil from a heart attack after playing football with friends.
# Union City Historic District

The Union City Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Union City, Erie County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## History and architectural features

This district encompasses ninety-six contributing buildings and one contributing structure that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Union City. The district includes commercial, residential, and industrial buildings that were built between 1865 and 1925 and designed in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Late Victorian and Colonial Revival. The commercial buildings are mostly brick two- and three-story buildings.
Notable buildings include the Hansen Building (1888), the Clement Lodge Building (1890), the I.O.O.F. Building (1889), the Union City Chair Company building (1907, 1911), the Mulkie House (c. 1905), the Westcott House (c. 1900), and the First Baptist Church (1923).
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
# Thetkegyin

Thetkegyin is a village in Kalewa Township, Kale District, in the Sagaing Region of western Burma.
# 22nd federal electoral district of Veracruz

The 22nd federal electoral district of Veracruz (Distrito electoral federal 22 de Veracruz) is a defunct federal electoral district of the Mexican state of Veracruz.
During its existence, the 22nd district returned one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each of the 51st to 59th sessions of Congress. Votes cast in this district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.
Created as part of the 1977 political reforms, it was first contested in the 1979 mid-term election and it elected its last deputy in the 2003 mid-terms. Along with the 23rd district, it was dissolved in the Federal Electoral Institute's 2005 redistricting process because the state's population no longer warranted 23 districts.

## Territory

In its final form (1996–2005), the district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations were gathered together and tallied, was at the port city of Coatzacoalcos in the south of the state.
Under the previous districting scheme, in force from 1978 to 1996, the district was located further to the north-west. Its head town was at San Andrés Tuxtla and it covered the municipalities of Ángel R. Cabada, José Azueta, Lerdo de Tejada, Saltabarranca, San Andrés Tuxtla, Santiago Tuxtla and Tlacotalpan.

## Deputies returned to Congress

Twenty-second federal electoral district of Veracruz :
| Election | Deputy | Term | Legislature |
| 1979 | Rosa María Campos Gutiérrez [es] | 1979–1982 | 51st Congress |
| 1982 | Serafín Domínguez Fermán | 1982–1985 | 52nd Congress |
| 1985 | Federico Fernández Fariña | 1985–1988 | 53rd Congress |
| 1988 | Fernando Palacios Vela | 1988–1991 | 54th Congress |
| 1991 | Gustavo Carvajal Moreno | 1991–1994 | 55th Congress |
| 1994 | Elías Moreno Brizuela | 1994–1997 | 56th Congress |
| 1997 | Luis Rojas Chávez | 1997–2000 | 57th Congress |
| 2000 | Pedro Miguel Rosaldo Salazar | 2000–2003 | 58th Congress |
| 2003 | Gonzalo Guízar Valladares | 2003–2006 | 59th Congress |
# Swedish Saddlemakers' and Upholsterers' Union

The Swedish Saddlemakers' and Upholsterers' Union (Swedish: Svenska Sadelmakare- och tapetserareförbundet, SSoT) was a trade union representing workers in leather goods in Sweden.

## Background

The union was founded on 2 September 1894 in Malmö as the Scandinavian Saddlemakers' and Upholsterers' Union. It established its headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was an early affiliate of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation. It grew from an initial 70 members to 1,980 in 1930. That year, it relocated its headquarters to Sweden, and from 1939 it restricted membership to Sweden, adopting its final name. Membership increased to a peak of 5,721 in 1950, then fell slightly to 4,974 in 1961. The following year, it dissolved, with about 4,000 members, working in upholstery, transferring to the Swedish Wood Industry Workers' Union, while the remainder working in saddlery transferred to the Swedish Shoe and Leather Workers' Union.
# Ajeet Cour

Ajeet Cour (born 1934) is an Indian writer who writes in Punjabi. She is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award by the Government of India.

## Biography

Ajeet Cour was born in the family of Sardar Makhan Singh in 1934 in Lahore. She had her early education there. In her childhood, she was also taught by Kartar Singh Hitkari (father of Amrita Pritam). After the partition, her family came to Delhi, where she earned an M.A. (Economics).
She has written novels and short stories in the Punjabi language on social-realist themes such as the experience of women in relationships and their position in society. She received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1985, the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 2006, and the Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar award in 2019. Her works include 19 short story anthologies, novellas and novels, as well as nine translations. She has also edited over 20 works. In her autobiography, Weaving Water, translated from the original Punjabi into English and published in 2018, she discusses surviving domestic violence from her husband.
In a review of one of her books of short stories, The Other Woman, Ziya Us Salam writes in The Hindu about the story "Ali Baba’s Death", "Exposing the double standards of our society, the endless urge to be among the haves and pretend to have more than we have, she takes many digs at our system." She was described by Kuldip Singh Dhir in The Tribune as a writer who "portrayed angry rebellious women around us." In a review of Pebbles in a Tin Drum, Suneet Chopra writes for Frontline, "For a society opening up to the market principle at the cost of its humanity, a process that is equally the driving force of consumer-packaged globalisation as the neo-Hindu swadeshi, her chronicle is a stark warning that India should take note of."
She served as the chairperson of the Academy of Art and Literature in New Delhi, and was part of the first delegation of Indian writers to visit Pakistan in 2003. She also served as the chairperson of the Foundation of SAARC writers and literature (FOSWAL).

## Works

* Gulbano (short story collection)
* Mehak di maut (short story collection)
* Butt Shikan (short story collection)
* Dhup wala shahr (novel)
* Gauri (novel)
* Post Mortem (novel)
* Koora Kabara (autobiography)
* Khanabadosh (autobiography)
* Weaving Water (autobiography) (2018)
# Tom Carapic

Tom Carapic (born 1939), full name Tomislav Sava Čarapić, is an artist who specialises in found object artwork.

## Early life and education

Carapic was born in Velisevac, Serbia (then Kingdom of Yugoslavia). He was educated at a military school in Herzegovina in the 1950s, and served as a sergeant in the Yugoslav People's Army. Afterwards he was denied a college education, possibly because he was not a member of the Communist Party, and illegally crossed into Italy in 1961, and, from there, emigrated to the United States.
In 1965, he began attending classes at the New York Art Students League, but dropped out soon afterwards, eventually attending the Wilfred Academy of Beauty Culture. He was unable, however, to find steady beauty parlor employment, and worked in menial labor while attending classes in Spanish Education at Manhattan Community College. Due to a problem with accreditation, he was forced to switch to classes in the field of studio art. There he experienced hallucinatory visions that explained his repeated failures to obtain a degree.

## Artwork

In the late 1970s, Carapic began experiencing more hallucinatory visions; claiming that his degree problems were caused when "the evil marriage bureau massed the troops" against his college and proceeded with "an Air force bombardment" of the school. After receiving other visitations, he began making and showing his art.
Most of his art is centered on found objects, most famously computer keyboards, especially those by IBM. Most of his art consists of these objects, marked with black Sharpie markers, and with green thumbprints and handprints along the objects. His most famous exhibit in New York City is "Big Bang Theory," a doomsday warnings painted on computer keyboards and shoes and construction debris.
# Fellmonger

A fellmonger was a dealer in hides or skins, particularly sheepskins, who might also prepare skins for tanning. The name is derived from the Old English ‘fell’ meaning skins and ‘monger’ meaning dealer. Fellmongery is one of the oldest professions in the world and since ancient times, humans have used the skins of animals to clothe themselves, and for making domestic articles.
Historically, fellmongers belonged to a guild or company which had its own rules and by-laws to regulate the quality of the skins, workmanship, treatment of apprentices and trading rights.
# Ramalic acid

Ramalic acid is an organic compound of the depside class with the molecular formula C$_{18}$H$_{18}$O$_7$. Ramalic acid occurs as a secondary metabolite in some lichens like Ramalina pollinaria wherfrom ramalic acid has its name. Ramalic acid can be used as a dye.
# Washera College

Washera College is a tertiary higher education institution operating in the city of Debre Markos, Ethiopia. It opened in 2003, and was the first college in the city. Washera College offers certificates and diplomas in the regular and extension programs in the fields of Law, Information Technology, Accounting and Secretarial Science. The college had also been offering training for elementary school teachers until the Ministry of Education banned teaching programs in private institutions across the country in 2007. It is reported that more than 5,000 students have graduated. The college conducts teaching/learning processes in its own premises located in the Abima suburb of Debre Marqos. In 2010, the college plans to expand its programs in different fields at bachelor's degree level paving its way to gain university standing. It also aims to offer distance education in various fields. For these expansion projects, Washera College has received an additional land from the municipality of Debre Markos.
# Harvey W. Emery

Harvey Webster Emery (November 8, 1827 – October 13, 1862) was an American lawyer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Columbia County for one term, and then served as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War. He died of disease during the second year of the war.

## Biography

Harvey W. Emery was born in Lisbon, New Hampshire, in November 1827. He was educated there and attended the Newbury Seminary, in Newbury, Vermont, to prepare for college. He then attended Norwich University, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1852.
After graduating, he taught school and served as principal at the Danville, Vermont, academy, and then the Morgantown, Virginia, female seminary. While in Morgantown, he read law in the office of Waitman T. Willey and was admitted to the bar in 1855. Later that year, he moved to Portage, Wisconsin, and established a legal practice in partnership with Edgar P. Hill.
In 1860, he was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly from Columbia County's 1st Assembly district, running on the Republican Party ticket.
The outbreak of the American Civil War occurred just after the adjournment of the 1861 session of the Legislature, and Emery immediately volunteered for service with the Union Army. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 5th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and mustered into service July 13, 1861. With the 5th Wisconsin Infantry, he participated in the Peninsula campaign and distinguished himself at the Battle of Williamsburg. In the Summer of 1862, he fell ill and was confined to a hospital. He never fully recovered from his disease, but returned to the regiment in August and participated in the Second Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Antietam. In September, he was so racked with disease, he was taken back to his parents' home in Lisbon, New Hampshire, where he died on October 13, 1862.

## Personal life and family

Emery married Mary Jane Dow on August 23, 1853. She was also a graduate of Newbury Seminary. They had two daughters together.
# Maribel Alva Olvera

Maribel Alva Olvera (born 19 August 1963) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
In the 2006 general election she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the State of Mexico's 13th district during the 60th session of Congress.
# Henry Gunderson

Henry A. Gunderson (June 20, 1878 – October 7, 1940) was a Wisconsin attorney who served as the 27th Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin.
Henry A. Gunderson was born in Columbia County, Wisconsin in 1878, the son of Norwegian immigrants. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1900 and in 1903 received a law degree from Columbia University.
He returned to Wisconsin the next year, where he practiced law in Portage. He served several terms as the district attorney for Columbia County. In 1936, he became Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin, but resigned on October 16, 1937, to accept an appointment to the state tax commission. After Governor Philip La Follette left office in 1939, the commission was disbanded, and Gunderson returned to his law practice. He died of a heart attack on October 7, 1940, in Portage, Wisconsin.
# William Thomas Parry

William Thomas Parry (May 17, 1837 – September 10, 1896) was a Welsh American immigrant, businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly, representing Columbia County.

## Biography

William T. Parry was born in Bangor, Gwynedd, in Wales, and received his basic education there. He emigrated to the United States as a child in 1849, and settled in the town of Manchester, Wisconsin, which was then part of Marquette County. He lived there until adulthood. He moved to Berlin, Wisconsin, in 1858, and then moved to Portage, in Columbia County, Wisconsin, in 1859.
At Portage, he clerked for the business of A. D. Forbes for six years until starting his own merchant business partnership, known as Parry, Bebb, & Muir (later Parry & Muir). He continued running that business until his retirement in 1892.
He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly on the Republican Party ticket in 1880 and was re-elected in 1881. In 1882, he was elected to a four-year term in the Wisconsin State Senate. During his time in the Legislature, he was active in supporting temperance legislation.
In 1889, he was appointed to the State Board of Supervision by Governor William D. Hoard, and served on the board until it was disbanded in 1891. The board oversaw the state's mental hospitals, schools for state orphans and for the blind and deaf, and the state prisons. It was replaced by the State Board of Charities and Reform.
He moved to Milwaukee in 1892. He died there on September 10, 1896, after a long and painful battle with throat cancer.

## Personal life and family

William Parry married twice. His first wife was Margaret Williams, they married at Randolph, Wisconsin, on June 30, 1857. They had two children together before her death in 1866. The following year, Parry married Annie Roberts—who was also a Welsh immigrant—at Utica, New York. They had four more children. Parry was survived by his second wife and all six children.