OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# .ipa

A .ipa file is an iOS and iPadOS application zip archive file which stores an iOS/iPadOS app in a bundle format. Each .ipa file includes a binary and can only be installed on an iOS, iPadOS, or ARM-based macOS device. Files with the .ipa extension can be uncompressed by changing the extension to .zip and unzipping. This is only recommended when editing the app itself. Some .ipa files will not have a .app file.
Most .ipa files cannot be installed on the iPhone Simulator because they do not contain a binary for the x86 architecture, only one for the ARM architecture of mobile phones and tablets. To run applications on the simulator, original project files which can be opened using the Xcode SDK are required. However, some .ipa files can be opened on the simulator by extracting and copying over the .app file found in the Payload folder. Some simple apps are able to run on the simulator through this method.
ipa is a de facto format used by Apple and there are no specifications of it. A form of digital rights management exists in the format to control redistribution to a single Apple ID. Prior to iTunes 12.7 (September 2017), users had direct access to ipa files in the form of App Store downloads.

## Structure of a .ipa file

An IPA has a built-in structure for iTunes and App Store to recognize. The example below shows the structure of an IPA:
As shown above, the Payload folder is what contains all the app data. The iTunes Artwork file is a 512×512 pixel PNG image, containing the app's icon for showing in iTunes and the App Store app on the iPad. The iTunesMetadata.plist contains various bits of information, ranging from the developer's name and ID, the bundle identifier, copyright information, genre, the name of the app, release date, purchase date, etc.
It is common but undocumented to use a JPEG file for iTunesArtwork.
Since 2017, Apple has used LZFSE instead of registered Zip algorithms in IPAs. The "compression method" field in this case is set to 99.
Code signing is handled in the .app bundle directory. The META-INF folder only contains metadata about what program was used to create the IPA.

## Unsigned .ipa executables

An unsigned .ipa can be created by copying the folder with the extension .app from the Products folder of the application in Xcode to a folder called Payload and compressing the latter using the command zip -0 -y -r myAppName.ipa Payload/.
It is then possible to install unsigned .ipa files on iOS jailbroken devices using third party software. AppSync is the tool for installing such homebrew apps. AltStore and Sideloadly are tools that can also be used to install unsigned .ipa files to unjailbroken devices by using a developer account to temporarily sign the app for 7 days for testing purposes. Similar to the case of game console hacking, people are known to use this installation for piracy, against the tool developer's wishes: some underground communities form around buying an app and then sharing its DRM-free unsigned version.
# Bruce Liddington

Sir Bruce Liddington (1949 – 28 July 2020) was the schools commissioner in 2006 under Tony Blair's Government. He came from a poor area of Wellingborough and did his degree in English at Queen Mary College, and a PGCE in Cambridge. He started his teaching career in Conisbrough, and rose to headteacher at Northampton School for Boys which he improved then and changed its status from a LEA school to a grant maintained school. For this he received a knighthood.
He moved to the Department of Education advising on the details of converting to academy status. He was employed as a senior civil servant responsible for the roll out of academies. Liddington became boss of the academy sponsor E-ACT, outlining his mission 'to improve the lot of the most-deprived children'.
Liddington died on 28 July 2020, at the age of 70.

## Early background

His mother worked in a shoe factory and his father was a stonemason, he attended Wellingborough Grammar School. In his gap year he worked in a London secondary modern school as an unqualified teacher.

## Teaching career

He did his first degree in English at Queen Mary College, and moved on to do a PGCE in Cambridge where he listened to a lecture by the prominent chief education officer of West Yorkshire, Sir Alec Clegg. Clegg believed schools should pursue "the education of the spirit … the child's loves and hates … hopes and fears", and Liddington who said in a Guardian interview "I've always been attracted to kids who've had a hard time in life", was inspired to work in the deprived mining community of Conisbrough. He found the low levels of aspiration that he witnessed frustrating. After three years he went to the states to study for a masters.
# Orania fusulus

Orania fusulus, common name : the spindle dwarf triton, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

The shell varies between 10 mm and 22 mm

## Distribution

This species is distributed in Western European waters, the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean along Angola and Brazil.
# Rugby sevens at the 2007 South Pacific Games

Rugby sevens at the 2007 South Pacific Games took place from 31 August to 1 September 2007 at Apia, Samoa. Fiji won their third Pacific Games gold medal after defeating Samoa in the final, and Papua New Guinea defeated the Solomon Islands to win bronze.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's rugby 7s | Fiji | Samoa | Papua New Guinea |

## Participants

Ten teams competed at the tournament:
* Cook Islands
* Fiji
* New Caledonia
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tahiti
* Tokelau
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

## Preliminary round
### Group A

| Teams | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | +/− |
| Fiji | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 192 | 7 | +185 |
| Papua New Guinea | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 38 | +57 |
| Tahiti | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 53 | 106 | –53 |
| Vanuatu | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 38 | 107 | –69 |
| Tuvalu | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 107 | –95 |
Source:
| Fiji | 31–7 | Papua New Guinea |
| Tahiti | 22–19 | Vanuatu |
| Fiji | 56–0 | Tuvalu |
| Papua New Guinea | 22–7 | Tahiti |
| Vanuatu | 19–7 | Tuvalu |
| Fiji | 60–0 | Tahiti |
| Papua New Guinea | 33–0 | Vanuatu |
| Tahiti | 24–5 | Tuvalu |
| Fiji | 45–0 | Vanuatu |
| Papua New Guinea | 33–0 | Tuvalu |

### Group B

| Teams | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | +/− |
| Samoa | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 184 | 0 | +184 |
| Solomon Islands | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 51 | 54 | –3 |
| Tokelau | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 75 | –51 |
| Cook Islands | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 48 | 64 | –16 |
| New Caledonia | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 124 | –114 |
Source:
| Samoa | 47–0 | Cook Islands |
| Solomon Islands | 19–10 | New Caledonia |
| Samoa | 48–0 | Tokelau |
| Cook Islands | 38–0 | New Caledonia |
| Solomon Islands | 22–0 | Tokelau |
| Samoa | 50–0 | New Caledonia |
| Solomon Islands | 10–5 | Cook Islands |
| Tokelau | 17–0 | New Caledonia |
| Samoa | 39–0 | Solomon Islands |
| Tokelau | 7–5 | Cook Islands |

## Knockout stage
### Cup Finals

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Cup Final | Cup Final |
| Samoa | 39 |
| Papua New Guinea | 0 | | |
| Papua New Guinea | 0 | Fiji | 26 |
| | | Samoa | 19 |
| Fiji | 48 | Samoa | 19 |
| Solomon Islands | 0 | | |
| Solomon Islands | 0 | 3rd Place | 3rd Place |
| | | Papua New Guinea | 31 |
| | | Solomon Islands | 5 |

### Plate Finals

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Plate Final | Plate Final |
| Tokelau | 12 |
| Vanuatu | 10 | | |
| Vanuatu | 10 | Tokelau | 19 |
| | | Cook Islands | 12 |
| Cook Islands | 22 | Cook Islands | 12 |
| Tahiti | 17 | | |
| Tahiti | 17 | 7th Place | 7th Place |
| | | Tahiti | 17 |
| | | Vanuatu | 10 |

### Bowl Final

| Bowl Final | Bowl Final |
| New Caledonia | 17 |
| Tuvalu | 0 |
Source:
# The Special Goodness

The Special Goodness is an American alternative rock band fronted by Weezer drummer Patrick Wilson. It was formed in 1996 in Los Angeles, California and has released four albums. Wilson is the sole member on every album except for Land Air Sea (2003), on which he collaborates with drummer Atom Willard.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Details |
| The Special Goodness | Released: 1998 Label: Rock Records Format: CD |
| At Some Point, Birds and Flowers Became Interesting | Released: 2001 Label: Self-released Format: CD |
| Land Air Sea | Released: March 4, 2003 Label: N.O.S. Recordings, The Control Group, Epitaph Records, Hello Records Format: CD, LP, digital download, streaming |
| Natural | Released: May 22, 2012 Label: Surf Green Records Format: CD, digital download, streaming |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | US Hot single sales | Album |
| "Life Goes By" | 2003 | 19 | Land Air Sea |
| "N.F.A." | 2003 | — | Land Air Sea |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. ||||

### Other appearances

| Title | Year | Album |
| "Not the Way" | 2005 | Punk-O-Rama 10 |
# Carel de Wet

Carel Pieter Cronje de Wet (25 May 1924 – 22 May 2004) was a South African politician, medical doctor, diplomat, and member of the National Party. De Wet was mayor for Vanderbijlpark and MP of that town, then MP for Johannesburg West, and was also an Ambassador.

## Life

Dr. Carel de Wet was born in Memel, Orange Free State Province (Now Free State). He was the grandson of Boer general Christiaan Rudolf de Wet, born 2 years after his death. He married Rina Maas in 1949 and they both had 4 children together. De Wet matriculated from Vrede High School. He would attend the University of Pretoria and graduated with a Bachelor of Science. He then attended Wits University and was a Medical School graduate.

## Political career

De Wet was elected mayor of Vanderbijlpark in 1950 and became MP for that town from 1953 until 1964, in that same year, he succeeded Hilgard Muller as South African Ambassador in London, at 39, he was the youngest South African ambassador, later he would become MP for West Johannesburg in 1967. He was minister of Planning, Health, and Mines, until, on May 12, 1970, Prime Minister John Vorster, transferred his planning portfolio, though he still remained minister of Health and Mines. In 1972, he was reappointed South African Ambassador in London, a position he held until 1977.
# Willis G. Calderwood

Willis Greenleaf Calderwood (July 25, 1866 – 1956) was a Minnesota politician during the Progressive Era of American politics and was a candidate in multiple state elections in Minnesota.

## Biography

Calderwood was born on July 25, 1866, in Fox Lake, Wisconsin.
He ran in several statewide elections in Minnesota. In 1914, he ran for governor of Minnesota on the Prohibition ticket. He only received 18,582 votes, 5.41% of the total. Soon after this loss he challenged incumbent Republican senator Knute Nelson. Calderwood ran as a member of the National Party, which was a coalition of Progressives, Socialists, and Prohibitionists. In his 1918 senate run, he once again lost.
In 1940, Calderwood published the book Temperance Facts. It was a compiled book of information on prohibition, and argued that national prohibition was a successful policy, and it would be best if reestablished. He also published many other books on the issue of Prohibition.
He died in 1956 at the age of 89.
# The Meadowbrook School of Weston

The Meadowbrook School of Weston is a coeducational, nonsectarian, independent day school for students in grades from junior kindergarten through eight. Meadowbrook is located on a 36-acre campus in Weston, Massachusetts, US, enrolls approximately 300 students, and employs 76 faculty and staff. The faculty:student ratio is 1:7.

## History

The Meadowbrook School was founded in 1923 by Robert Winsor on its current grounds in Weston, Massachusetts, following the Pigeon Hill School in the same area in 1903. Winsor donated the present land and collaborated with parents to design the school.
Meadowbrook School founded a middle school in 2001 and expanded its curriculum.
# KOMB

KOMB (103.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Fort Scott, Kansas, United States, it serves the Pittsburg area. The station is currently owned by Fort Scott Broadcasting Co., Inc..
# Enteromius mediosquamatus

Enteromius mediosquamatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Enteromius from Angola.
# Visa Para Un Sueño

Visa Para Un Sueño (English: Visa for a dream) is the third single by Dominican artist Juan Luis Guerra and his band 440 from their fourth studio album Ojalá Que Llueva Café. Initially released by Karen Records in the Dominican Republic in 1989, it was released a year later in Spain. The track is a merengue providing a social commentary about the difficulties of obtaining a United States visa order to find work, better living conditions, and escape the poverty of third world countries, as well as being about the state of mind that many Dominicans have. The track was inspired by the illegal trips many Dominicans take to Puerto Rico every year to find better living and working conditions.
The track is considered one of Guerra's classic hits and has been on the set list of every tour since Ojalá Que Llueva Café Tour (1990–91). The song reached first place in some territories of Latin America, with the track eventually receiving moderate airplay in Spain in 1991. The track is included on the compilation Grandes Éxitos Juan Luis Guerra y 440 (1995). It was also covered live on the albums A Son de Guerra Tour (2013) and Entre Mar y Palmeras (2021). Initially the track was released as a double along with Como Abeja Al Panal in 1989. The track was released as a double along with Ojalá Que Llueva Café in Colombia and a B-side of La Gallera in the Dominican Republic.

## Tracklist

* Dominican Republic 7", 45 RPM Single (1989)
** Side A: Visa Para Un Sueño
** Side B: Como Abeja al Panal
* Spain 7", 45 RPM Single (1990)
** Visa Para Un Sueño
** La Gallera

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Peru (UPI) | 6 |
# The Sunday Magazine (radio program)

The Sunday Magazine is a Canadian news and current affairs radio show, hosted by Piya Chattopadhyay on CBC Radio One. The program premiered on September 13, 2020, replacing The Sunday Edition, but retains a similar format of interviews and documentary reports on political, social and cultural topics in the news.
At the second broadcast of each month, the show has a recurring game segment called "That's Puzzling" where contestants featuring the host, various CBC personalities, and select viewers who won the chance by completing a word challenge, compete in word games.
The program airs on Sunday mornings from 9 to 11 a.m., with the entire show rebroadcast at 10 p.m.
# Kabile Manor

Kabile Manor (Latvian: Kabiles muižas pils German: Kabillen) is a manor house located in Kuldīga Municipality, Kabile Parish, in the historical region of Courland, in western Latvia.

## History

Built in Baroque style between 1734 and 1740 for Eleonora von Behr, it was remodeled in the 1860s. Unique 18th century interiors of manor has been preserved. Vaulted cellars of Kabile Manor has been storing wine since manor house has been built. Now manor has fully operational cidery and winery.
# Zhanqiao Pier

Zhanqiao Pier is located at the southern shore of Qingdao, China, off Zhongshan Road. This now 440-meter-long (1,443.6 ft) pier, constructed in 1891, was Qingdao's first wharf. The octagonal Huilan pavilion (Billowing Back and Forth Tower, loosely translated) was constructed at the end of the pier in 1930, and features as the logo of Tsingtao Brewery.
Also in the vicinity of Zhanqiao Pier is the small Qingdao Island (Xiao Qingdao), the China Navy Museum, and numerous neighborhoods featuring German colonial architecture. The coastline lights up at night with spotlights on nearby buildings and several neon billboards.

## Main attractions

* Huilan Pavilion (回瀾閣) is located in the coastal area of the Shinan District.
* Zhongshan Road (中山路) was built in 1897, during the German colonial period.
# Prashant Kumar Mishra

Prashant Kumar Mishra (born 29 August 1964) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is former chief justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court and acting chief justice of the Chhattisgarh High Court. He has also served as judge of the Chhattisgarh High Court. On 19 May 2023, he was elevated as judge of the Supreme Court of India.
# Of Heaven Considered as a Tomb

"Of Heaven Considered as a Tomb" is a poem from Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium (1923). It was first published in 1921, so it is in the public domain.
   What word have you, interpreters, of men  Who in the tomb of heaven walk by night,  The darkened ghosts of our old comedy?  Do they believe they range the gusty cold,  With lanterns borne aloft to light the way,  Freemen of death, about and still about  To find whatever they seek? Or does  That burial, pillared up each day as porte  And spiritous passage into nothingness,  Foretell each night the one abysmal night  When the host shall no more wander, nor the light  Of the steadfast lanterns creep across the dark?  Make hue among the dark comedians,  Halloo them in the topmost distances  For answer from their icy Élysée.
This is a poem about the other side of death, optimistically hallooing the departed ("the darkened ghosts") for news that they are still "about and still about", pessimistically anticipating that the burials that occur each day are a portal into nothingness, "the one abysmal night". It may be compared with "The Worms at Heaven's Gate", which presents death more naturalistically.
That interpretation plays a language game, but not the one Stevens invites readers to play by asking "What word have you, interpreters...?"
# Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock

"Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock" is a poem from Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium. First published in 1915, it is in the public domain.
   The houses are haunted  By white night-gowns.  None are green,  Or purple with green rings,  Or green with yellow rings,  Or yellow with blue rings.  None of them are strange,  With socks of lace  And beaded ceintures.  People are not going  To dream of baboons and periwinkles.  Only, here and there, an old sailor,  Drunk and asleep in his boots,  Catches tigers  In red weather.

## Interpretation

The poem allows the reader to linger over the possibility of colors, strangeness and unusual dreams. Imagination that is absent from a mundane orderly life is represented by a dandified aesthete and an adventurous and exciting life by a drunken sailor dreaming of catching tigers in red weather.
The poem's message is fairly simple. Stevens believed that poetry and literature in general had the ability to excite and inspire. He believed that the imagination was an overlooked tool with the innate capability of distinguishing a mundane life (i.e. the lives of those who wore 'white night gowns' to bed) from an exciting and fulfilling one. Essentially, he believed that the only limit on a person's life was a weak imagination.
The poem itself shows that imagination has its own order, so the representation should be kept distinct from its subject. This follows one of the main facets necessary for modernist literature to function: that the object or idea being represented exists in and for itself. On this reading, the poem is not an indictment of middle-class values, though that is one interpretive option, but rather the "haunted house" of white night-gowns represents life without imagination.
# Thailand at the Deaflympics

Thailand has been participating at the Deaflympics since 2005. Thailand has won 2 medals.
Thailand has competed at the Summer Deaflympics since 2005.

## Medal tallies
### Summer Deaflympics

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 2005 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2009 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

## Medals

Source:
# Il Resto del Carlino

il Resto del Carlino is a daily newspaper based in the city of Bologna, and is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. Its rather evocative name means 'the change you get from a carlino', which the smallest part of the Papal baiocco (no longer legal tender in united Italy but a word still used in Bologna to refer to 10 cent coins): a sheet of local news was given out in shops to make up for the change owing after buying a cigar (which was worth 8 cents).

## History and profile

il Resto del Carlino was established in 1885. The founder was Amilcare Zamorani. Between 1912 and 1914 its editor was Giovanni Amendola. In 1988 the owner of the paper was Monrif. In 2004 the owners were Monrif (59.2%) and the RCS MediaGroup (9.9%). The publisher of the paper is Poligrafici Editoriali.
il Resto del Carlino is based in Bologna and is published in tabloid format. Its sister newspapers are La Nazione and Il Giorno.

## Circulation

The 1988 circulation of il Resto del Carlino was 310,000 copies. Its circulation was 188,000 copies in 2000. The circulation of the paper was 183,513 copies in 2001 and it was 180,098 copies in 2002. The paper had a circulation of 179,000 copies in 2003 and 176,277 copies in 2004. It was 168,000 copies in 2007 and 165,207 copies in 2008.
In 2012 the paper sold 63,381 copies.

## Local editions

* Ancona
* Ascoli
* Bologna
* Cesena
* Fermo
* Ferrara
* Forlì
* Imola
* Macerata
* Marche
* Modena
* Pesaro
* Ravenna
* Reggio Emilia
* Rimini
* Roma (as Quotidiano Nazionale)
* Romagna
* Rovigo