OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howell torpedo

The Howell Automobile Torpedo was the first self-propelled torpedo produced in quantity by the United States Navy, which referred to it as the Howell Mark I torpedo. It was conceived by Lieutenant Commander John A. Howell, United States Navy, in 1870, using a 60 kg (130 lb) flywheel spun at a very high speed (10,000 to 12,000 rpm) to store energy and drive propellers.

## Design

Because it had no complicated engine and fuel system, the Howell was much cheaper and easier to build than its main competitor, the Whitehead. In addition, unlike the Whitehead, the Howell was wakeless, not giving away the position of the firing vessel; its flywheel was, however, very noisy. It did demand a steam turbine to "spin up" the flywheel (a complication inherent to the design). Also unlike the contemporary Whitehead, the Howell kept running in a straight line, due to the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel. A wave coming from one side would tend to roll the Howell rather than deviate it. The roll was easily corrected by the rudders. Depth control was regulated by a pendulum as in the 'secret' pioneered by Robert Whitehead. The Howell was the first torpedo to use the gyroscope effect, which Howell patented. When, in an attempt to improve directional stability, Whitehead (using a Ludwig Obry design) adopted the gyroscope in 1895, Howell sued for patent infringement.

## Production

After very protracted development – the product of a paucity of funds, the novelty of the torpedo as a weapon, and myopia of the Navy's senior officers – fifty Howell Torpedoes Mark 1 were ordered (from Hotchkiss Ordnance Company of Providence, Rhode Island) in 1889. This was 14.2 in (36 cm) diameter, 129.75 in (330 cm) long, with a 96 lb (43.5 kg) warhead and a range of 400 yd (365 m) at 25 knots (46 km/h). Contemporary Whiteheads, built by E. W. Bliss Company, had superior performance, and greater growth capacity.
These fifty would be the only production examples, as the Howell was superseded by a rapidly improving Whitehead in 1892; as a consequence, the Howell's drawbacks were never cured. It is, therefore, impossible to know if quieting would have mitigated any loss of surprise to noise (as sometimes suggested).
A contemporary account of an operational test carried out on a Howell torpedo described its performance, where it "ran along the surface at a very fast but very regular speed for four minutes" and that there was "no horizontal deviation and the run was fully 900 yards".

## Surviving examples

In May 2013, a Howell torpedo was discovered in two pieces on the seabed by US Navy-trained dolphins, near Coronado, California. Prior to this discovery, only two Howell torpedoes were known to exist: one at the Naval Undersea Museum and the other at the Naval War College Museum in Newport, R.I.
# Battery Street Historic District

The Battery Street Historic District encompasses one of the oldest developed areas of Burlington, Vermont. With a history dating to 1790, this area, south of downtown Burlington and initially bounded roughly by Main, St. Paul, and Maple Streets, and Lake Champlain, this area includes a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial uses, with architecture spanning from its early period to the 20th century, including one of the city's oldest houses. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and has twice been enlarged, extending west to South Union Street.

## Description and history

The city of Burlington, Vermont's largest, was chartered in 1765 and saw early settlement in the 1770s. Significant development was delayed by the American Revolutionary War. The area south of what is now its downtown area became an early center of commerce, and it was at the home Gideon King (still standing on King Street) where the city's proprietors platted out its street grid. The wharves on Lake Champlain were controlled by King and that area has remained a nexus of commerce and transport through the transition from water-based transport to rail-based, and then also truck-based, transport. The area east of King's wharf and south of Main Street developed as a transport support area, with warehouses for the storage of goods awaiting shipment, and was augmented by light industry, including the manufacture of items, such as paper tubes and boxes. The waterfront was also the site of Burlington's only shipyard. Areas further inland were also developed residentially, but today reflect a mix of uses.
When first listed on the National Register in 1977, the district extended east from Lake Champlain to St. Paul Street, and south from Main Street (generally excluding Main Street addresses) to Maple Street. It was substantially enlarged in 1984 to include a mainly residential area of four square blocks roughly bounded by King, South Union, Adams, and St. Paul Streets. A further increase in 2014 added addresses on Pine Street south of Maple Street.
# Franco Razzotti

Franco Razzotti (born 6 February 1985) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a midfielder for Gualaceo SC.

## Club career

Razzotti plays as a defensive midfielder. However, he started playing in Vélez' first team as a centre back under Ricardo La Volpe's coaching. After a brief loan in Peruvian Sporting Cristal, he returned to Vélez in 2009.
Under Ricardo Gareca's management, Razzotti established as a regular as the team's defensive midfielder, replacing injured Leandro Somoza. Razzotti played all 19 games in Vélez' 2009 Clausura championship winning season. The midfielder further played 11 games in his team's 2011 Clausura winning season, plus another 8 in the Copa Libertadores' semi-finalist campaign.
Razzotti then suffered an injury that left him out of the fields for one year and a half. He returned to the first team in the 2013 Final, playing 14 games. He also started in the team's 2012–13 Superfinal victory against Newell's Old Boys, earning his fourth league title with Vélez.
In 2014, Razzotti was loaned to Independiente, recently relegated to the Primera B Nacional. After losing his place in the starting eleven, he joined FC Vaslui in the Liga I.

## International career

Razzotti made his international debut for the Argentina national team on 26 January 2010 as a second-half substitute in a 3–2 win in a friendly match against Costa Rica. He was also an unused substitute in a friendly 4–1 victory over Venezuela on March 16, 2011.

## Honours
### Vélez Sársfield

* Argentine Primera División (4): 2009 Clausura, 2011 Clausura, 2012 Inicial, 2012–13 Superfinal
# High Uintas Wilderness

The High Uintas Wilderness /juːˈɪntəz/ is a wilderness area located in northeastern Utah, United States. The wilderness covers the Uinta Mountains, encompassing parts of Duchesne and Summit counties. Designated as a wilderness in 1984, the area is located within parts of Ashley National Forest and Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The highest peak in Utah, Kings Peak, lies within the wilderness area along with some of Utah's highest peaks, particularly those over 13,000 feet (4,000 meters).
Mirror Lake Highway is closed in the winter, usually opening annually near Memorial Day. Winter access is allowed for snowmobiling (though snowmobiling is not allowed within the Wilderness Area), cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing.

## In popular culture

Despite being filmed in Canada, the area is specifically referred to in, and the setting for most of, the 2017 film The Mountain Between Us.

## Climate

There is a SNOTEL weather station near Brown Duck Lake, in the southeast of the High Uintas Wilderness. Brown Duck has a subalpine climate (Köppen Dfc).
Climate data for Brown Duck, Utah, 1991–2020 normals, 1986-2020 extremes: 10600ft (3231m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 56 (13) | 67 (19) | 74 (23) | 70 (21) | 73 (23) | 78 (26) | 83 (28) | 86 (30) | 79 (26) | 69 (21) | 63 (17) | 51 (11) | 86 (30) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 46.7 (8.2) | 47.9 (8.8) | 54.9 (12.7) | 59.6 (15.3) | 64.8 (18.2) | 70.7 (21.5) | 76.7 (24.8) | 74.0 (23.3) | 68.9 (20.5) | 60.2 (15.7) | 52.4 (11.3) | 44.2 (6.8) | 77.4 (25.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 30.4 (−0.9) | 33.3 (0.7) | 40.9 (4.9) | 45.8 (7.7) | 52.6 (11.4) | 60.6 (15.9) | 68.0 (20.0) | 65.8 (18.8) | 57.6 (14.2) | 47.0 (8.3) | 36.3 (2.4) | 28.5 (−1.9) | 47.2 (8.5) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 19.1 (−7.2) | 20.1 (−6.6) | 26.3 (−3.2) | 31.3 (−0.4) | 39.5 (4.2) | 46.4 (8.0) | 55.3 (12.9) | 53.5 (11.9) | 46.0 (7.8) | 35.8 (2.1) | 25.2 (−3.8) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 34.7 (1.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 7.9 (−13.4) | 7.0 (−13.9) | 11.8 (−11.2) | 16.8 (−8.4) | 26.4 (−3.1) | 35.4 (1.9) | 42.5 (5.8) | 41.1 (5.1) | 34.2 (1.2) | 24.6 (−4.1) | 14.0 (−10.0) | 7.6 (−13.6) | 22.4 (−5.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −10.5 (−23.6) | −10.7 (−23.7) | −5.0 (−20.6) | 0.3 (−17.6) | 11.5 (−11.4) | 23.7 (−4.6) | 35.0 (1.7) | 33.5 (0.8) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 7.6 (−13.6) | −5.6 (−20.9) | −11.1 (−23.9) | −16.2 (−26.8) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −20 (−29) | −29 (−34) | −14 (−26) | −13 (−25) | −1 (−18) | 15 (−9) | 26 (−3) | 24 (−4) | 6 (−14) | −11 (−24) | −21 (−29) | −27 (−33) | −29 (−34) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.29 (84) | 3.33 (85) | 3.02 (77) | 3.37 (86) | 2.75 (70) | 1.53 (39) | 1.97 (50) | 2.32 (59) | 2.79 (71) | 3.07 (78) | 2.63 (67) | 3.21 (82) | 33.28 (848) |
| Source 1: XMACIS2 ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation) ||||||||||||||
# Anderson Erickson Dairy

The Anderson Erickson Dairy (AE) is the largest independently owned dairy in Iowa. Headquartered in Des Moines, it was founded in June 1930 during the Great Depression by Iver Erickson and Bill Anderson. After eight years in business, Anderson sold his interest in the company and moved to Minnesota, leaving Erickson with complete ownership of the company. By 2004 the family-owned company was the 73rd largest dairy by sales in the United States. As of 2021, it was still run by descendants of Iver Erickson.
Starting in 1930, AE offered early-morning home delivery of milk, in glass bottles. For the first two decades home deliveries were made seven days a week, because many customers did not own refrigerators. Empty bottles were picked up by the milkman, washed at the dairy and refilled for the next delivery. Additional dairy products were gradually added to the delivery service, and at the service's peak in the early 1950s, AE had about 150 delivery routes scattered around Iowa. Home delivery had dwindled to just two routes serving 350 customers by the end of the 20th century, and the service was ended in 2001.
The AE dairy was the first to print photographs of missing children on milk cartons. This began in September 1984, following the disappearance of two Iowa paperboys, Johnny Gosch and Eugene Martin. The practice of spreading information about missing children in this way would later be replicated across the nation.
In 2020, the AE dairy received a multimillion-dollar loan under the provisions of the CARES Act economic stimulus bill.

## Cow sculptures

A large pair of Guernsey cow sculptures is located outside of the corporate headquarters, at the intersection of East University Avenue and Hubbell Avenue. The 14-foot-tall cow, named Annie, weighs 2500 pounds, and her calf Eric weighs 200 pounds. Both are constructed from steel and fiberglass, and the pair are a landmark in east Des Moines. The cow statue has been in place since the 1960s, and the calf was added in the 1970s.
# Rupert Smith (American football)

Rupert McAdoo "Rupe" Smith (January 28, 1897 – August 28, 1959) was an American football and baseball player from Tennessee. Smith was the leading scorer on Dan McGugin's 1921 Vanderbilt Commodores football team which shared a Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) title, and was retroactively selected for a national title by Clyde Berryman. Smith had previously played for the Middle Tennessee State football team.

## Early years

Rupert was born on January 28, 1897, in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, to Rufus Taylor Smith and Robert Hodge McAdoo.

## College football
### Middle Tennessee

Rupe Smith was Middle Tennessee teammates with future Vanderbilt teammates Jess Neely and P. V. Overall on the 1917 Middle Tennessee State football team. Smith was also captain of the 1919 Middle Tennessee team.

### Vanderbilt
#### 1921

Rupe was a prominent halfback and the leading scorer for Dan McGugin's 1921 Vanderbilt Commodores football team. In the seventh week of play, Vanderbilt faced the defending SIAA champion Georgia Bulldogs at home on Curry Field. The game was to be the highlight of Vandy's schedule this year, deciding the conference champion. It was described by The New York Times as an "important clash." Sporting editor for the Birmingham News "Zipp" Newman had written weeks ago, "Stegeman has a powerful team and with all the regulars in the game, the team has a chance of going through the season undefeated unless it be Vanderbilt that stops her."
The Bulldogs were the favorite to win this meeting of the two schools, first since 1912, in part because the Bulldogs may have outplayed Harvard and defeated Auburn earlier in the season. Georgia had the greatest line in the South, featuring four men deemed All-Southern in guard Puss Whelchel, center Bum Day, tackle Artie Pew, and end Owen Reynolds. Not one team all year scored on Georgia through its line.
Soon after the start of the fourth quarter, Jess Neely intercepted a pass, weaving for a return of 25 yards to Georgia's 40-yard line before being brought down by Jim Reynolds. Two long pass attempts failed, and Thomas Ryan lined up to punt. Rupert Smith snuck in behind Ryan, and rushed to recover the 25-yard onside kick. Smith jumped up to get the ball off the bounce among a hoard of Bulldogs, after they had let it bounce, including the outstretched arms of the Bulldogs' Hartley, and raced for a 15-yard touchdown. He added his own extra point and the game ended as a tie, 7–7, giving both schools a claim to the conference title.
# Kokmuiža Manor

Kokmuiža Manor (Latvian: Kokmuižas kungu māja; German: Kokenhof), also called Kocēni Manor, is a manor house in the Kocēni, Kocēni Parish, Valmiera Municipality in the historical region of Vidzeme, in northern Latvia.

## History

It was built before 1760 in late Baroque style. The building currently houses the Kocēni primary school.
It was the birthplace in 1793 of the famous botanist and plant explorer, Nicolai Anders von Hartwiss.
# Favour Ashe

Favour Ashe (born 28 April 2002) is a Nigerian sprinter, currently competing for the University of Oregon.

## Career
### College career

Ashe attended Otovwodo Grammar School in Ughelli, Nigeria before enrolling as a student at the University of Tennessee. Having only arrived in America in January 2022, Ashe came third in the men's 60-meter dash at the 2022 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships, and was runner up in the 100 metres at the 2022 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships. He also came fourth in the 4 x 100m relay running with Wayne Pinnock, Carey McLeod and Emmanuel Bynum. In 2022 Ashe ran the fastest time in history by any Nigerian athlete in all conditions, running a wind assisted 9.79s (+3.0) 100m heat at the LSU invitational meet in Baton Rouge. Following the 2022 collegiate season, he transferred to Auburn University to continue his studies and athletic career. In June 2023 he set a new personal best running 9.96s in the 100m at the NCAA Championships held in Texas.
In May 2024, he ran 9.94 seconds for the 100 metres at the NCAA East regional finals in Lexington, Kentucky and in doing so became the first Nigerian sprinter to run sub-10 seconds five times in three consecutive years. He was runner-up in the 100m at the 2024 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon running 9.99 seconds in the final.
In January 2025, Favour Ashe signed with the University of Oregon.

### Senior career

Ashe ran a legal 100m personal best of 9.99s to win gold at the Nigerian national championships in 2022. At the 2022 World Athletics Championships in Eugene, Oregon, Ashe qualified through to the semi-finals running 10.00s in his heat. He went on to end his season with a bronze medal in the 4 x 100m relay at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.
He competed in the 100 metres at the 2024 Paris Olympics, reaching the semi-finals. He also competed in the men's 4x100m relay at the Games.
# Henry B. Vincent

Henry Bethuel Vincent (December 28, 1872 – January 7, 1941) was an American composer and organist. Vincent was the founder of the Erie Playhouse and directed it from 1916 to 1941. Vincent was director of the Erie Philharmonic from 1920 to 1926 after it was reorganized after World War I.

## Early life

Vincent was born on December 28, 1872, in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from the Oberlin Conservatory of Music.
# Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula

Rabbi Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula (Hebrew: רבי מאיר בן שלמה בן סהולה; c. 1251 – after 1335) also known as ben Sahula or ibn Sahula was a 13th-century Spanish kabbalist and Sephardic tosafist. He is known for his final commentary on Sefer Bahir, which he published under the pseudonym "Or HaGanuz" ("The Hidden Light").

## Biography

Born around 1251 in Spain, in his early years he studied under Joshua ibn Shuaib. He later affiliated himself with the kabbalistic school in Guadalajara, where he wrote a commentary on the esoteric material in Nachmanides' commentary on the Torah. From 1320 to 1325, he began writing his own tosafot; however he only completed part of Genesis. It was also during this time that he wrote a commentary on Sefer Yetzirah which he completed in 1331. In this commentary, ibn Sahula offers severe criticism of Nahmanides' comments on the first chapter of Sefer Yetzirah. After finishing his commentary on Sefer Yetzirah, he began to work on a commentary of Sefer Bahir which he finished in 1335. This would go on to be the final form of Sefer Bahir. ibn Sahula also wrote a kabbalistic commentary on Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, which has unfortunately been lost. His comments on Sefer Yetzirah and Sefer Bahir are considered to be highly arbitrary, and he is criticized for attributing views to Naḥmanides which contradict the latter's real opinions. Shlomo Halevi Alkabetz even accuses him of "not aiming at the truth." That being said, some scholars such as Meir Poppers praised ibn Sahula for his commentary on Sefer Yetzirah, and Poppers made it a basis for his own commentary.
# José Benincasa

José Benincasa (born 16 June 1891, date of death unknown) was a Uruguayan footballer. He played in 40 matches for the Uruguay national football team from 1910 to 1925. He was also part of Uruguay's squad for the 1919 South American Championship.
# Lite AC

Lite AC is a 24-hour soft adult contemporary music format produced by Westwood One.
Vice President/Contemporary Formats Cheri Marquardt and Director of Operations Jonathan Steele will program the format. Core artists include Billy Joel, Celine Dion, Chicago, Elton John, Fleetwood Mac and Hall and Oates. Westwood One President of Programming Kirk Stirland said affiliates wanted a softer alternative to the more upbeat AC format, and that Lite AC would be positioned between Adult Standards and AC.
# Matěj Helebrand

Matěj Helebrand (born 19 June 1997) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a defender for a Slovak team FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce-Vrable
He made his senior league debut for Opava on 21 August 2016 in a Czech National Football League 3–3 draw at Viktoria Žižkov. On 26 April 2017, he scored the winning goal in Opava's 2–0 win at Mladá Boleslav in the Czech FA Cup semi-finals, helping his Second League team to defeat their fourth First League opponents in a row and advance to the FA Cup final for the first time in club history.
On 1 July 2024, Matej moved to Zlate Moravce on a free transfer.
# Maine Coast Waldorf School

Maine Coast Waldorf School is a Waldorf school for students from early childhood through grade 12. It was founded in 1984 as Merriconeag Waldorf School and changed its name to Maine Coast Waldorf School in 2015. As a Waldorf school, Maine Coast's curricula are based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner.
Initially offering education for students up to grade 8, MCWS began offering high school education in 2009, graduating its first high school class in 2010. The high school received national accreditation in 2012. MCWS is a member of and accredited by New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA), and the Waldorf Early Childhood Association of North America (WECAN).

## High School

The high school was temporarily housed on the Pineland campus until the planned high school building was completed in 2017. The building was designed by Portland, Maine architecture firm BRIBURN. It is the first Passive House Certified high school in the North America and the first high school globally certified through PHIUS. The building is also certified as compliant with the Maine Advanced Buildings administered by Efficiency Maine. Additionally, roof mounted Photovoltaics are sized such that building may operate as a Zero-energy building – that is, creating as much energy as it consumes.
# Battle Ground Historic District

Battle Ground Historic District is a national historic district located at Battle Ground, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The district encompasses 129 contributing buildings in the central business district of Battle Ground, including the site of the Battle of Tippecanoe. It developed between about 1811 and 1930 and includes representative examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the Soldier's Memorial (1908), Carpenter Hall / Service Center (c. 1884, 1926), Chapel (c. 1825), Winans House (c. 1863), Battle Ground United Methodist Church (1920), Masonic Lodge (c. 1918), Odd Fellow Lodge (1899), and Knights of Pythias Lodge (1899).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.