OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nandurbar Mirchi

The Nandurbar Mirchi is a variety of chilli grown in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is mainly cultivated in Nandurbar & Dhule districts of Maharashtra.
Nandurbar district, aptly known as the "Chilli Paradise," is a premier hub for chilli production in India, with a significant number of micro and small-scale units engaged in chilli powder and masala manufacturing.

## Name

It is named after its place of origin, the district of Nandurbar, located in the northwest corner of Maharashtra while Mirchi means Chilli - in the local state language of Marathi.

## Geographical indication

It was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) status tag from the Geographical Indications Registry under the Union Government of India on 30 March 2024 (valid until 19 October 2031).
Dr. Headgevar Sewa Samiti from Nandurbar proposed the GI registration of Nandurbar Mirchi. After filing the application on 20/10/2021, the chilli was granted the GI tag in 2024 by the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai, making the name "Nandurbar Mirchi" exclusive to the chilies grown in the region. It thus became the 2nd chilli variety from Maharashtra after Bhiwapur chilli (which received in 2016) and the 39th type of goods from Maharashtra to earn the GI tag.
# Red-banded hairstreak

The red-banded hairstreak (Calycopis cecrops) is a butterfly native to the southeastern United States. It feeds on fallen leaves of sumac species and other trees. It is 0.9–1.25 inches (23–32 mm) in size. It lives near coastal areas.
Its genome was sequenced in 2016. It has a false "head" that helps it avoid predators. In a 2012 experiment, C. cecrops was exposed to a jumping spider, Phidippus pulcherrimus, which researchers found to be a "very efficient strategy in deflecting attacks."
# Springdale, Texas

Springdale is an unincorporated community in Cass County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 55 in 2000.

## Geography

Springdale is located on Farm to Market Road 2327, 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast of Queen City, 9 mi (14 km) northeast of Atlanta, 24 mi (39 km) northeast of Linden, and 16 mi (26 km) southwest of Texarkana in northeastern Cass County.

## Education

Today, the community is served by the Queen City Independent School District.
# Daniel H. Sumner

Daniel Hadley Sumner (September 15, 1837 – May 29, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.
Born in Malone, New York, Sumner moved to Michigan in 1843 with his parents, who settled in Richland, Michigan. He attended the common schools, and Prairie Seminary, in Richland. He studied law. He was then admitted to the bar in 1868, and commenced practice in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He moved to Oconomowoc, Wisconsin in 1868 and practiced law. He also published the La Belle Mirror. He moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin in 1870, and continued the practicing law. He also became the town's superintendent of schools. He served as a member of the county board of supervisors. He served as district attorney of Waukesha County in 1876 and 1877.
Sumner was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885). He represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1884. Afterwards he resumed the practice of law. He died in Waukesha, Wisconsin on May 29, 1903. He was interred in Prairie Home Cemetery.
# The Group School

The Group School was an alternative high school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, in the 1970s. Operating under democratic-school principles, the Group School was established primarily to serve students from working-class and low-income backgrounds.
In 1977, the school described its educational themes as "internal democracy" and an "emphasis on helping youth develop a sense of working-class identity and pride." Founders believed that traditional educational approaches undermined working-class identity by forcing working-class students "to deny their neighborhood ties" and "to ignore or denigrate the knowledge they have picked up on the street." The school developed curricula aimed at reversing this process, in part through course units on family, immigration, and labor history and courses emphasized working-class youths' "ability to control their own lives and to change their communities." Radical teachers also developed feminist-oriented curricula in concert with female students, in an attempt, as Kathleen Weiler reports, to use "the life experiences of working-class girls to draw out themes of race, class, and gender for critical analysis."
# Fan-in

Fan-in is the number of inputs a logic gate can handle. For instance the fan-in for the AND gate shown in the figure is 3. Physical logic gates with a large fan-in tend to be slower than those with a small fan-in. This is because the complexity of the input circuitry increases the input capacitance of the device. Using logic gates with higher fan-in will help in reducing the depth of a logic circuit; this is because circuit design is realized by the target logic family at a digital level, meaning any large fan-in logic gates are simply the smaller fan-in gates chained together in series at a given depth to widen the circuit instead.
Fan-in tree of a node refers to a collection of signals that contribute to the input signal of that node.
In quantum logic gates the fan-in always has to be equal to the number of outputs, the fan-out. Gates for which the numbers of inputs and outputs differ would not be reversible (unitary) and are therefore not allowed.
# George Hayley Hewett

George Hayley Hewett, CIE (12 November 1855 – 7 October 1930) was a British naval officer in the Royal Indian Navy who rose to become Director of the Royal Indian Marine. Hewett was also the brother of the colonial administrator and Member of Parliament, Sir John Prescott Hewett.

## Early life

Hewett was born in Catsfield, Sussex, the son of Rev. John Hewett, then curate of Battle, East Sussex and later Vicar of Babbacombe, and his wife, Anna Louisa Lyster Hammon, daughter of Capt. William Hammon of the East India Company Navy, and the younger brother of Sir John Prescott Hewett. He went to prep school in Lancing, West Sussex and entered the Royal Navy 1869.

## Naval career

Following his entry into the Navy in 1869, Hewett was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 30 December 1879 whilst serving in the Anglo-Zulu War for which he received the Zulu War Medal. He was aboard HMS Bonetta for the Jubilee Manoeuvres in the summer of 1887. In 1889 he was appointed commander of HMS Pigmy where he served until 1893 at which point he was appointed Captain of the gunboat HMS Magpie. He was then promoted to the rank of Commander on 30 June 1893. He commanded the torpedo cruiser HMS Racoon on the East Indies Station from 1897 through 1899, when he was promoted to the rank of Captain. As a captain, he commanded the coast defence Breastwork monitor HMS Magdala, which was then at Bombay.
In 1904 he was appointed Director of the Royal Indian Marine, a position in which he served until 1908 at which point he retired as a rear-admiral and was appointed Commander of the Order of the Star of India.

## Family

On 11 March 1895 Hewett married Elanthea Leonora Grant, daughter of Charles Coote Grant of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment, a descendant of Sir Charles Coote. Hewett and Grant had one daughter together, Genevieve Felicia Hewett.
Elanthea died in 1914, however Hewett lived another 16 years, dying on 7 October 1930 in Alverstoke, Hampshire.
# Piney Township, Pennsylvania

Piney Township is a township that is located in Clarion County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 402 at the time of the 2020 census, a decrease from the figure of 453 that was tabulated in 2010.

## Geography

Piney Township is located just southwest of the center of Clarion County and is bordered to the north by the Clarion River and to the southwest by the borough of Sligo. Piney Creek flows across the northern corner of the township, into the Clarion River at the settlement of Piney.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 18.0 square miles (46.6 km$^2$), of which 17.8 square miles (46.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.19 square miles (0.5 km$^2$), or 1.16%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 516 people, 142 households, and 112 families residing in the township.
The population density was 29.0 people per square mile (11.2 people/km$^2$). There were 162 housing units at an average density of 9.1 per square mile (3.5/km$^2$).
The racial makeup of the township was 97.87% White, 1.16% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.
There were 142 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 64.8% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.
The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.04.
Within the township, the population was spread out, with 20.2% of residents who were under the age of eighteen, 3.7% who were aged eighteen to twenty-four, 22.9% who were aged twenty-five to forty-four, 15.9% who were aged forty-five to sixty-four, and 37.4% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was forty-eight years.
For every one hundred females, there were 74.3 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 68.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,375, and the median income for a family was $34,167. Males had a median income of $28,542 compared with that of $18,500 for females.
The per capita income for the township was $16,473.
Approximately 10.8% of families and 14.3% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those who were under the age of eighteen and 3.8% of those who were aged sixty-five or older.
# Operation Clinch Valley

Operation Clinch Valley was a joint U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) military operation during the Vietnam War to engage People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) units on the Khe Sanh plateau and prevent them from reinforcing PAVN units in the A Sầu Valley.

## Background

U.S. forces launched Operation Texas Star on 1 April to establish firebases east of the A Sầu Valley. U.S. intelligence indicated that the PAVN 9th Regiment, 304th Division, was infiltrating into South Vietnam to reinforce or replace the weakened PAVN 66th Regiment in the northwest portion of the 101st Airborne Division's area of operations.$^{:E-12}$
On the afternoon of 6 July a Ranger team from the 101st Airborne Division operating 13 km northwest of Khe Sanh engaged a PAVN infiltration group. Supported by artillery and helicopter gunships the team killed 10 PAVN. Five U.S. were wounded in the action. On 8 July 4km southwest of Khe Sanh, elements of Troop A, 2nd Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment observed and engaged a PAVN force estimated at 250 soldiers. Aerial rocketry was brought to bear, and Troop D was landed, engaging the PAVN to the west. The 8-hour long battle ended at 19:30 with 139 PAVN killed and four captured, U.S. losses were four killed. Initial interrogation established that the units involved were the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 9th Regiment.$^{:E-18}$

## Operation

The operation began with elements of the 3rd Brigade and the ARVN 3rd Regiment and B Company, 2nd Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment, moving by air from Firebase Birmingham to Mai Loc Camp and then conducting an air assault to reopen Firebase Shepherd. On 10 July the ARVN 1st and 2nd Battalions, 3rd Regiment assaulted into Firebases Snapper (16°35′13″N 106°42′04″E﻿ / ﻿16.587°N 106.701°E﻿ / 16.587; 106.701) and Smith (16°37′19″N 106°40′23″E﻿ / ﻿16.622°N 106.673°E﻿ / 16.622; 106.673) and the 3rd Regiment command post moved by air to Firebase Shepherd. On 11 July near the scene of the 8 July engagement elements of the ARVN 3rd Regiment found the bodies of 143 PAVN killed by airstrikes 24-hours earlier. Nearby on 12 July elements of the same battalion engaged an estimated 40 PAVN. A search of the area revealed 14 PAVN bodies and 36 graves believed to have been there 24 to 48 hours. In the two week period ending 12 July, a total of 394 PAVN soldiers from the 9th Regiment were killed in that area.$^{:E-18}$
Also on 12 July elements of the ARVN 3rd Regiment discovered 65 PAVN bodies killed by air strikes 24-hours earlier. On 24 July the ARVN 2nd Regiment found a PAVN base camp with 53 bodies killed by airstrikes approximately two weeks earlier.$^{:E-18}$

## Aftermath

The operation was terminated at 18:00 on 15 July. PAVN losses were 266 killed; no U.S. or ARVN were killed.$^{:E-12}$
# She Means Nothing to Me

"She Means Nothing to Me" is a song recorded by Phil Everly and British singer Cliff Richard, released as a single in 1983 as the second single from Phil Everly's eponymous album. The song reached number 9 in the UK Singles Chart. The song was written by Welsh musician and songwriter John David. Cliff Richard included a remixed version of the track with louder vocals on his 1984 album The Rock Connection.

## Personnel

As per the album liner notes and record centre-label:
* Phil Everly – lead vocals
* Cliff Richard – lead vocals, backing vocals
* Terry Williams – drums
* Mickey Gee – rhythm guitar, electric rhythm
* Mark Knopfler – rhythm guitar
* John David – lead guitar
* Pete Wingfield – electric piano
* Stuart Colman – bass, 6-string bass, reverse lead guitar, Korg, claps, fingerpops
* Rod Houison – percussion, engineer
* Neill King – engineer

## Chart performance

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 39 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 7 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 9 |
# C. E. McIntosh

Charles Eduard McIntosh (April 13, 1838 – July 26, 1915) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and a Union Army soldier.

## Biography

McIntosh was born on April 13, 1838, in Goderich, Upper Canada. He moved to what is now New Berlin, Wisconsin, in 1840 before attending the University of Notre Dame. During the American Civil War, he served with the Union Army. On October 11, 1864, McIntosh married Mary E. Conklin. They had six children. McIntosh moved to Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1866 and to Florence, Wisconsin, in 1881.
On June 12, 1884, McIntosh was arrested for shooting Sheriff James E. Readmon in Florence. He moved to Iron Mountain, Michigan in September 1884. The 1910 census listed him as an inmate at the Wisconsin Veterans Home in Waupaca, Wisconsin. He died in 1915 and is buried at Wisconsin Veterans Memorial Cemetery in King, Wisconsin.

## Political career

McIntosh was a member of the Assembly during the 1869, 1870 and 1871 sessions. After he was defeated in the 1871 election, he was arrested for assaulting the local judge in charge of election returns, Samuel Ryan, Jr. Later, he became District Attorney of Florence County, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat.
# 1937 Group B (Soviet football championship)

The 1937 Gruppa B was third season of the Soviet (second tier) professional football competitions.
Unlike the previous season that was split into two halves, this one was played as a double round-robin among seven teams. The tournament was won by Spartak Leningrad that according to pre-season regulation was to be promoted to the Gruppa A for 1938 season, however later arrangements for the next season were changed and all participants except for the last placed Dinamo Kazan gained promotion.
Also, after only playing 3 of its scheduled games and winning only one of them, CSKA Moscow was transferred to Gruppa A mid-season.

## Teams

No teams were relegated to the Gruppa B.

### Promoted

One team was promoted from the 1936 Gruppa V fall tournament.
* Dinamo Kazan – (debut)

## League standings

| Pos | Republic | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts |
| 1 | Russian SFSR | Spartak Leningrad (P) | 12 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 19 | 13 | 1.462 | 26 |
| 2 | Russian SFSR | FC Dinamo Rostov-na-Donu (P) | 12 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 19 | 14 | 1.357 | 26 |
| 3 | Azerbaijan SSR | Temp Baku (P) | 12 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 19 | 14 | 1.357 | 25 |
| 4 | Russian SFSR | Stalinets Leningrad (P) | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 22 | 18 | 1.222 | 25 |
| 5 | Russian SFSR | FC Stalinets Moscow (P) | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 16 | 17 | 0.941 | 25 |
| 6 | Russian SFSR | FC Torpedo Moscow (P) | 12 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 18 | 0.889 | 24 |
| 7 | Russian SFSR | FC Dynamo Kazan | 12 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 28 | 0.393 | 17 |
| 8 | Russian SFSR | CDKA Moscow | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1.500 | 5 |
* ↑ CDKA was returned during the season to the Soviet Top League after playing two games in the season. Their results were scratched for this League this season.

## Top scorers

| Rank | Scorer | Team | Goals (Pen.) |
| 1 | Viktor Smagin | Stalinets Leningrad | 7 |
| 2 | Arkadiy Amirjanov | Temp Baku | 6 |
| 2 | Vladimir Kuskov | Spartak Leningrad | 6 |
| 4 | Sergei Ivanov | Stalinets Moscow | 5 |
| 4 | Timofei Rudov | Dinamo Rostov-na-Donu | 5 |
| 4 | Yefim Semyonov | Torpedo Moscow | 5 |
| 7 | Ivan Bibko | Dinamo Rostov-na-Donu | 4 |
| 7 | Ilya Bizyukov | Spartak Leningrad | 4 |
| 7 | Veniamin Sarkisov | Temp Baku | 4 |
| 7 | Konstantin Sazonov | Stalinets Leningrad | 4 |
| 7 | Aleksei Shumov | Stalinets Moscow | 4 |
# Ben Afshar

Ben Afshar (born 2 April 2003) is a Scotland 'A' international rugby union player who plays for Glasgow Warriors at the Scrum half position.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

He played with Edinburgh Academicals from the age of 6, before joining the Merchiston Castle School set-up.

### Professional career

Afshar joined Glasgow Warriors in 2022, initially with the Scottish Rugby Academy, before graduating from the academy with a permanent partnership deal with the Glasgow Warriors and Stirling Wolves in 2023.
He played for the Southern Knights in 2022, before moving to the Ayrshire Bulls.
He played in the pre-season matches for Glasgow Warriors against Ayrshire Bulls in the 2022–23 season. He then played for Glasgow Warriors 'A' side against the Super 6 sides Ayrshire Bulls, Boroughmuir Bears in the 2022–23 season.
He played in the pre-season matches for Glasgow Warriors against Ulster and Zebre in the 2023–24 season.
He then made his competitive debut for the Warriors against Ulster Rugby on 25 November 2023 in the United Rugby Championship in a bonus point win which took the Warriors top of the URC league. He became Glasgow Warrior No. 356.

### International career

Afshar came through the age grades for Scotland playing at Under 16 and Under 18s. Afshar co-captained the Scotland U20 in 2023.
He was named as a development player in the Scotland squad for their summer tour of the Americas in 2024.
He was capped in the Scotland 'A' international match against Chile on 23 November 2024.
# Lovettsville Historic District

Lovettsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Virginia. It contains 174 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures in a primarily residential section of Lovettsville. Most contributing resources consist of residences and associated outbuildings dating from the early-19th to early-20th centuries. They are vernacular interpretations of a variety of popular architectural styles including Federal, Queen Anne, Italianate, Romanesque, and Bungalow. Notable resources include the Lovettsville Union Cemetery, First German Reformed Church site and cemetery, New Jerusalem Lutheran Church (1869, 1903) and cemetery, Union Cemetery, African-American Methodist Episcopal Church (c. 1870) and cemetery, Presbyterian cemetery, Lovettsville Masonic Lodge (1869, 1923), former Grubbs Store (c. 1870), former Red Men's Lodge (1923), and Willard Hall (c. 1820).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

## Gallery

* Lovettsville Historic District, September 2012
* Willard Hall
* German Reformed Cemetery
* Red Men Hall
# Phil H. Jones

Phil H. Jones (February 9, 1874 – ) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Jones was born on February 9, 1874, in Genesee, Wisconsin. Later, he would reside on a farm in Delafield (town), Wisconsin. In 1894, Jones graduated from what was then Carroll College. During the Spanish–American War, he served with the United States Army.

## Political career

Jones was elected to the Assembly in 1910. Other positions he held include member of the board of supervisors of Delafield. He was a Republican.
# Leonard Gray (politician)

Leonard W. Gray is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1989 to 1995. Gray was first elected in 1988, defeating incumbent Democratic representative Benny Handy in the May primary election. He resigned from the house in December 1995 in order to become a legislative liaison in the administration of governor Paul E. Patton.
# Caldas S.C.

Caldas Sport Clube is a Portuguese professional football team based in Caldas da Rainha. Founded on 15 May 1916, the club competes in the Liga 3.
The team plays its home games at Campo da Mata with a capacity for 9,600 spectators.

## History

Between 1956 and 1959, Caldas participated in the Portuguese Liga, the top level of Portuguese football, but they currently play in the Campeonato de Portugal. In 2018, Caldas reached the semi-finals of Taça de Portugal, along with Desportivo das Aves, Sporting CP and FC Porto.

## Current squad

    As of 16 October 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | POR | Wilson Soares |
| 2 | DF | COL | Yordy Calle |
| 4 | MF | POR | David Santos |
| 5 | MF | MOZ | Pepo |
| 6 | DF | POR | Thomas Militão |
| 7 | DF | POR | Luís Farinha |
| 8 | MF | POR | Diogo Clemente |
| 10 | MF | POR | Nuno Januário |
| 11 | FW | POR | Miguel Velosa |
| 12 | GK | POR | Duarte Almeida |
| 13 | DF | POR | Rodrigo Dias |
| 14 | FW | STP | Eba Viegas |
| 15 | DF | POR | Guilherme Lopes |
| 16 | MF | COL | Kevin Lopez |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 17 | MF | POR | Gonçalo Barreiras |
| 19 | FW | POR | Gonçalo Chaves |
| 20 | MF | POR | Rafa Pinto |
| 21 | MF | POR | Tiago Catarino |
| 22 | FW | POR | Ricardo Alexandre |
| 24 | MF | POR | Júlio Sousa |
| 25 | GK | POR | Luís Paulo |
| 27 | FW | POR | Gonçalo Duarte |
| 30 | DF | POR | Edu Monteiro |
| 32 | DF | POR | Filipe Cascão |
| 33 | FW | POR | João Tarzan |
| 77 | DF | POR | David Lopes |
| 88 | FW | POR | Afonso Machado |
| 99 | FW | POR | Balelo |
| — | MF | POR | Tomás Castro |
# S/2005 S 4

S/2005 S 4 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, Edward Ashton, Brett J. Gladman, Jean-Marc Petit and Mike Alexandersen on May 10, 2023, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and July 8, 2021.
S/2005 S 4 is about 5 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Saturn at a distance of 11.303 Gm in 448.63 days, at an inclination of 52.5, orbits in prograde direction and eccentricity of 0.177. S/2005 S 4 belongs to the Inuit group and it may be a Kiviuq and/or Ijiraq fragment that broke off long ago, since it shares the same orbital elements.
The orbit of S/2005 S 4 librates in accordance with the von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai effect.
# Henry J. Clasen

Henry J. Clasen (February 10, 1829 – September 29, 1907) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany, Clasen went to Quebec, Canada and then went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He then settled in Brookfield, Wisconsin where he operated a sawmill, a farm, and a store. He served as postmaster. In 1874, Clasen served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. He also served as county treasurer for Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Clasen died in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
# Mercenaire

Mercenaire may refer to:
* Mercenary (2016 film), a drama film directed by Sacha Wolff
* Mercenaire (2024 film), a short drama film directed by Pier-Philippe Chevigny