# Chamaeleoninae

Chamaeleoninae is the nominotypical subfamily of chameleons (family Chamaeleonidae). The Family Chamaeleonidae was divided into two subfamilies, Brookesiinae and Chamaeleoninae, by Klaver and Böhme in 1986. Since its erection in 1986, however, the validity of this subfamily designation has been the subject of much debate, although most phylogenetic studies support the notion that the pygmy chameleons of the subfamily Brookesiinae are not a monophyletic group. While some authorities have previously preferred to use the subfamilial classification on the basis of the absence of evidence principal, these authorities later abandoned this subfamilial division, no longer recognizing any subfamilies with the family Chamaeleonidae. In 2015, however, Glaw reworked the subfamilial division by placing only the genera Brookesia and Palleon within the Brookesiinae subfamily, with all other genera being placed in Chamaeleoninae.

## Classification

The ten previously recognised genera in the subfamily are:
* Genus Archaius
* Genus Bradypodion
* Genus Calumma
* Genus Chamaeleo
* Genus Furcifer
* Genus Kinyongia
* Genus Nadzikambia
* Genus Rieppeleon
* Genus Rhampholeon
* Genus Trioceros
Trioceros was previously considered to be a subgenus of Chamaeleo, until Tilbury & Tolley (2009) raised it to full genus. Since then, two new species have been described in the genus Trioceros, by Krause & Böhme (2010), and Stipala et al. (2011). These two new species have not been published in combination with the generic name Chamaeleo, which poses a problem for the citation of these names in Wikipedia, unless Trioceros is treated as a full genus, following Tilbury & Tolley (2009).

## Footnotes

* ↑ Klaver C, Böhme W [in German] (1986). "Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology". Bonner Zoologische Monographien. 22: 1–64.
* 1 2 Tilbury, Colin (2010). Chameleons of Africa, An Atlas including the chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Frankfurt: Edition Chimaira.
* ↑ Townsend T, Larson A (2002). "Molecular phylogenetics and mitochondrial genomic evolution in the Chamaeleonidae (Reptilia, Squamata)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (1): 22–36. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1076. PMID 12182400.
* ↑ Raxworthy CJ [in French], Forstner MRJ, Nussbaum RA [in French] (2002). "Chameleon radiation by oceanic dispersal" (PDF). Nature. 415 (6873): 784–787. Bibcode:2002Natur.415..784R. doi:10.1038/415784a. hdl:2027.42/62614. PMID 11845207. S2CID 4422153.
* ↑ Townsend TM, Tolley KA, Glaw F, Böhme W, Vences M [in German] (2011). "Eastward from Africa: Palaeocurrent-mediated chameleon dispersal to the Seychelles islands". Biology Letters. 7 (2): 225–228. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0701. PMC 3061160. PMID 20826471.
* ↑ Tolley KA, Townsend TM, Vences M (2013). "Large-scale phylogeny of chameleons suggests African origins and Eocene diversification". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 280 (1759): 20130184. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0184. PMC 3619509. PMID 23536596.
* ↑ Tilbury, Colin (2014). "Overview of the Systematics of the Chamaeleonidae". In Tolley, Krystal A.; Herrel, Anthony (eds.). The Biology of Chameleons. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 151–174. ISBN 9780520276055.
* ↑ Glaw, F. (2015). "Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". Vertebrate Zoology. 65 (2): 167–246.