OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gersh Budker

Gersh Itskovich Budker (Герш Ицкович Будкер), also named Andrey Mikhailovich Budker (1 May 1918 – 4 July 1977), was a Soviet physicist born in Murafa in Ukrainian People's Republic (now in Ukraine), specialized in nuclear physics and accelerator physics.

## Biography

In 1941 Budker graduated from Moscow University. Due to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War soon afterward he went to serve in the army. In 1945 he joined the department of theoretical physics in Kurchatov's Laboratory No. 2. In 1954 he defended his doctoral thesis.
He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Siberian Division of the Soviet Academy of Sciences on 28 March 1958 and was promoted to an Academician of the Division of Nuclear Physics on 26 June 1964.
He is best known for his invention in 1968 of electron cooling, a method of reducing the emittance of particle beams by thermalisation with a co-propagating electron beam.
Academician Budker was the founder (in 1959) and first Director of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Akademgorodok, Russian SFSR. There he lived in the 100-Flat Building. His portrait decorates the famous Round Table Room in the institute. After his death, the institute was renamed the Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics in his honor.
Budker became one of the founders of Faculty of Physics of Novosibirsk State University in 1961.
Budker was married five times, died in Akademgorodok from a heart attack at 59.
Budker's life and works were celebrated in a collection of essays by his colleagues, including Pyotr Kapitsa, Lev Landau, and Andrei Sakharov, and two by Budker himself. The collection, G. I. Budker: Reflections & Remembrances (edited by Boris N. Breizman) was published in 1988 and was later translated into English by James W. Van Dam.
# Uromastyx aegyptia

Uromastyx aegyptia is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to North Africa and the Middle East.

## Common names

Common names for U. aegyptia include Egyptian mastigure, Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard, and, when referring to the subspecies Uromastyx aegyptia leptieni (see below), Leptien's mastigure.

## Description

U. aegyptia is one of the largest members of its genus, with an average total length (including tail) of 76 cm (30 in) for males.

## Geographic range and conservation status

U. aegyptia can be found in Egypt east of the Nile, Israel, Syria, Jordan, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Iran. It has a patchy distribution and is rare in most parts of its range. It is believed to be in decline because of habitat loss and over-harvesting.

## Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Uromastyx aegyptia aegyptia (Forskål, 1775)
* Uromastyx aegyptia leptieni Wilms & Böhme, 2000
* Uromastyx aegyptia microlepis Blanford, 1874

## Etymology

The subspecific name, leptieni, is in honor of German herpetologist Rolf Leptien.

## Economic use

U. aegyptia is locally known as dhab or ḍabb (Arabic: ضب). Its strong skin made good leather for the bedouins, while its meat was often considered as an alternative source of protein.

## Habitat

U. aegyptia lives in open, flat, gravelly, stony, and rocky areas at elevations up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level.
# Operator, Operator

"Operator, Operator" (also titled "Heart on the Line (Operator, Operator)") is a country music song co-written and recorded by Larry Willoughby, a cousin of country music singer Rodney Crowell, and Janet Willoughby. He released the song in 1983 from the album Building Bridges, and took it to number 65 on the Hot Country Songs charts. The Oak Ridge Boys also recorded it under the original title, as the b-side to their 1983 single "Love Song".
A 1985 recording by Eddy Raven, under the title "Operator, Operator", appeared on his album Love and Other Hard Times. This version went to number 9 on the same chart. Two versions of Raven's version were issued: One has a standard fade during the reprisal of the refrain, the other has a slightly different transition into the final refrain, with Raven – after being cut off – screaming into the phone that he has no more change to continue the call, with that track being played over Raven singing.

## Chart performance
### Larry Willoughby

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 65 |

### Eddy Raven

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 9 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 8 |
# Tasmanian Legislative Council electoral divisions

The Tasmanian Legislative Council has fifteen single member constituencies, called divisions.

## Current divisions

The fifteen Tasmanian Legislative Council divisions as of the 2016-17 redistribution are:
* Derwent
* Elwick
* Hobart
* Huon
* Launceston
* McIntyre
* Mersey
* Montgomery
* Murchison
* Nelson
* Pembroke
* Prosser
* Rosevears
* Rumney
* Windermere

## Abolished Divisions

* Apsley (1999–2017)
* Brighton (1851–1856)
* Buckingham (1851–1999)
* Cambridge (1856–1946)
* Campbell Town (1851–1856)
* Cornwall (1851–1856, 1946–1999)
* Cumberland (1851–1856)
* Emu Bay (1997–1999)
* Glamorgan (1855–1856)
* Gordon (1899–1999)
* Hobart Town (1851–1857)
* Jordan (1856–1885)
* Leven (1997–1999)
* Longford (1853–1885)
* Macquarie (1886–1999)
* Meander (1856–1997)
* Monmouth (1946–1999)
* Morven (1855–1856)
* Newdegate (1946–1999)
* New Norfolk (1851–1856)
* North Esk (1855–1901)
* Paterson (1999–2008)
* Queenborough (1947–1999)
* Richmond (1851–1856)
* Roland (1997–1999)
* Rowallan (1999–2008)
* Russell (1885–1999)
* Sorell (1851–1856)
* South Esk (1856–1999)
* Tamar (1856–1997)
* Wellington (1999–2008)
* Westbury (1851–1856)
* West Devon (1947–1997)
* Western Tiers (2008–2017)
* Westmorland (1885–1999)
# Romain du Roi

The Romain du Roi (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}French pronunciation:, "King's roman") was a typeface developed in France beginning in 1692. The name refers to Louis XIV who commissioned the design of the new typeface for use by the Royal Print Office.
The Romain du Roi stands as a landmark of typography in the Age of Enlightenment. The conception of the letterforms reflects a difference in attitude from the prevailing roman typefaces before it. Whereas previous roman typefaces developed naturally over time, evolving in the hands of punch cutters from the typefaces of the fifteenth century, the Romain du Roi was the result of rational design: the letterforms were mapped on grids before being cut into metal.
The Romain du Roi was not the first "constructed alphabet". Felice Feliciano was the first to recreate geometrically the alphabet of roman inscriptions, and published it in 1463 as Alphabetum Romanum Codex Vaticanus 6852. The Romain du Roi, however, because of its allegiance to the grid, shows a distinct shift in style, with an increased emphasis on verticality and increased contrast between thick and thin elements, a style that influenced the Transitional typefaces of Pierre Simon Fournier and John Baskerville.
The letterforms were the work of the Royal Academy's Bignon Commission as part of its investigation of French typography and printing for the compilation of the Description of the Arts and Trades of France. The capital letters were drawn on 8×8 grids, the lowercase letters on rectangular grids. The committee's designs were engraved by Louis Simonneau. Punches for the metal type were cut by Philippe Grandjean, who took some liberty with his type, to moderate the cold geometry of the designs. The type was first used for Médailles sur les principaux événements du règne de Louis le Grand.
The Romain du Roi had serifs on both left and right sides at the top of ⟨b, d, h, i, k, l⟩. ⟨l⟩ had an extra serif to the left at the mean line to distinguish it from capital ⟨I⟩.
# Mr. Big (Mr. Big album)

Mr. Big is the debut album by the American rock band Mr. Big. Produced by Kevin Elson, the album proved a partial commercial success, reaching the 46th slot on the Billboard 200 chart. Lead-off single "Addicted to that Rush", featuring the band's aggressive guitar and bass playing, also brought the group some mainstream attention, reaching the No. 39 slot on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. 300,000 copies were sold, according to a Musician magazine interview with Mr. Big in 1990.
Several of the songs from the album became live staples of the band, and have since been included in various live albums. The group followed up the album with Lean Into It in 1991.
The song "30 Days in the Hole" was originally recorded by British rock band Humble Pie on the 1972 album Smokin'. Bassist Billy Sheehan revealed on an interview on Nikki Sixx's radio show "Sixx Sense" that "Wind Me Up" is based on "Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison played backwards.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 6/10 |
| Rock Hard | 8.0/10 |
The Chicago Tribune opined that "the lyrics are strictly by-the-numbers, but the playing is hard, flashy and tuneful, combining Bad Company's bluesiness with Def Leppard's melodic metal."

## Personnel

Mr. Big
* Eric Martin – lead vocals
* Paul Gilbert – guitar, vocals
* Billy Sheehan – bass guitar, vocals
* Pat Torpey – drums, vocals
Production
* Kevin Elson - producer, engineer, mixing
* Tom Size, Wally Buck - additional engineers
* Bob Ludwig - mastering at Masterdisk, New York

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 122 |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM) | 73 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 22 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 34 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 60 |
| US Billboard 200 | 46 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 100,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Belleville, Louisiana

Belleville is an unincorporated community in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The area is home to descendants of early French settlers, Native Americans, and Creoles. The community is part of Parish Governing Authority District 2.

## Education

Local public schools are managed by the Avoyelles Parish School Board.

## Religion

The area is served by the St. Mary's Baptist Church. The church has an iconic cemetery with above-ground tombs.
# Salmon Cycle Marker

Salmon Cycle Marker is a 2005 sculpture by Ken MacKintosh and Lillian Pitt, installed outside Portland State University's Native American Student and Community Center, in the U.S. state of Oregon.

## Description and history

Salmon Cycle Marker is installed at the intersection of Southwest Broadway and Jackson, just west of the Native American Student and Community Center on the Portland State University campus. The abstract sculpture, made of wood, bronze, and stainless steel, depicts salmon in the Columbia River Gorge, and their journey from birth to spawning. Its pole is made from three trees that fell during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Images of salmon eggs appear at the base. The middle of the pole shows an image of Pitt's She Who Watches. MacKintosh's depiction of two salmon mating, as well as an abstract image of a salmon, appear at the top of the pole. According to Portland State University, the work is inspired by totem poles, and serves as a metaphor of "regional symbolism".
The sculpture has been included in at least one published walking tour of Portland.
# Juma Jabu

Juma Jabu (born 28 December 1988 in Dar-es-Salaam) is a Tanzanian footballer. He plays club football for Simba SC, and international football for the Tanzania national football team.
# Dagestan State Medical University

42°59′00″N 47°30′19″E﻿ / ﻿42.98325°N 47.50531°E﻿ / 42.98325; 47.50531
Dagestan State Medical University is a higher educational institution in Makhachkala that trains specialists in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals.

## History

A monument was erected in memory of doctors who died during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.

## Alumni

* Elmira Glubokovskaya, politician and public figure
* Shamil Omarov
# Catch Bull at Four

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | C |
| Rolling Stone | (Favorable) |
Catch Bull at Four is the sixth studio album by Cat Stevens. The title is taken from one of the Ten Bulls of Zen.
In the United States the album spent three weeks at number one on the Billboard 200. It also reached number one in Australia and Canada and became Stevens's second consecutive album to reach number two on the UK Albums Chart. The song "Sitting" was released as a single in July 1972, reaching 16 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Critical reception

Catch Bull at Four was well received both commercially and critically. Rolling Stone was satisfied with the "gorgeous melody and orchestration", while simultaneously disappointed by the lack of a single track comparable to "Morning Has Broken" from Teaser and the Firecat.
Record World described "Sitting" as a "magnificently produced up tempo tune" that is "one of [Stevens'] best."

## Track listing

All songs written by Cat Stevens except as noted.

### Side one

* "Sitting" – 3:14
* "Boy with a Moon & Star on His Head" – 5:57
* "Angelsea" – 4:30
* "Silent Sunlight" – 3:00
* "Can't Keep It In" – 2:59

### Side two

* "18th Avenue (Kansas City Nightmare)" – 4:21
* "Freezing Steel" – 3:40
* "O Caritas" (Andreas Toumazis, Jeremy Taylor, Stevens) – 3:41
* "Sweet Scarlet" – 3:49
* "Ruins" – 4:24

## Personnel

* Cat Stevens – lead and backing vocals, Grand piano, Fender Rhodes electric piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, RMI Electra piano, Böhm Diamond organ, synthesizer, Spanish guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, electric mandolin, pennywhistle, drums, percussion
* Alun Davies – acoustic guitar, Spanish guitar, backing vocals
* Jeremy Taylor – Spanish guitar, (assisted in translating "O' Caritas" into the Latin language used in the song).
* Andreas Toumazis – bouzouki on "O Caritas"
* Alan James – bass, backing vocals
* Jean Roussel – piano, Hammond organ, Electric piano
* Gerry Conway – drums, percussion, backing vocals
* C.S. Choir – backing vocals on "Freezing Steel" and "O Caritas"
* Linda Lewis – backing vocals on "Angelsea"
* Lauren Cooper – backing vocals on "Angelsea"
* Del Newman – string arrangements
Production
* Paul Samwell-Smith - producer

## Certifications

Certifications for Catch Bull at Four :
| Region | Certification |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum |
# Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria

Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Княгиня Евдокия; 5 January 1898 – 4 October 1985) was the eldest daughter and third child of King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife, Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma. She was a devoted sister and confidante to King Boris III.

## Biography

Born on 5 January 1898 in Sofia, Princess Eudoxia was the third child and first daughter of Ferdinand I, Prince of Bulgaria (later King of Bulgaria), and his first wife, Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma. She had two older brothers and one younger sister. Eudoxia was exactly one year old when her mother, Marie, died in childbirth while giving birth to Eudoxia's younger sister Nadejda.
From an early age, Eudoxia was interested in the fine arts. Princess Eudoxia never married; although, there were persistent rumors that she wished to marry a man of Bulgarian descent, which was dynastically unacceptable at that time. She devoted her life to Bulgaria and acted as First Lady of the Land until King Boris III married Princess Giovanna of Savoy.
In 1922, Eudoxia and her sister Princess Nadejda became the confidants of King Boris III of Bulgaria. She became First Lady of the Land until King Boris married.
After 9 September 1944, Princess Eudoxia was arrested and tortured by the Communists. She was released and allowed to flee the country with the rest of the royal family. She later settled in Germany, where she lived close to her sister Princess Nadezhda. She died on 4 October 1985, at the age of 87.
In the book Giovanna of Bulgaria: The Queen of Charity, the author wrote:
   …Eudoxie had an exceptional personality, with a quick mind, alert, watchful eyes, an uncanny feeling for people and events. Of all of King Ferdinand's children she is said to have inherited most of his typical character traits. Usually kind and witty, she could be sharp, critical and even sarcastic towards those she thought deserved it. Her authoritarian behaviour towards people contrasted with her full and utter devotion to her brother. She spent the happiest and most difficult times for the crown at his side…

## Literature

* Hans-Joachim Böttcher: Ferdinand von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha 1861–1948: Ein Kosmopolit auf dem bulgarischen Thron. Osteuropazentrum-Berlin-Verlag (Anthea-Verlagsgruppe), Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-89998-296-1, pp. 391–392 a.o.

## Arms

* Coat of Arms of Princess Eudoxia
* of Bulgaria

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria :
# 100 Block of West Broadway Historic District

The 100 Block of West Broadway Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. At the time of its nomination the district consisted of 30 resources, including 22 contributing buildings, and eight non-contributing buildings. The linear district on the east side of the central business district is the north side of Broadway. Developed between mid-1850s and 1928, it is the only section of the street that has maintained its historical integrity. The buildings are one to three stories tall with commercial space on the main floor. While many are vernacular commercial structures, others are the various revival styles of Victorian architecture.
# Belmena, Texas

Belmena is an unincorporated community located in Milam County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 15 in 2000.

## History

A post office was established at Belmena in 1900 and remained in operation until 1906. The 1941 county highway map showed several scattered homes and businesses in the community. Its population was 15 from 1990 through 2000.

## Geography

Belmena is located on Farm to Market Road 485, 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast of Cameron in north-central Milam County.

## Education

Belmena had its own school in 1941. Today, the community is served by the Cameron Independent School District.
# Matthias Theisen

Matthias Theisen (sometimes spelled Mathias, August 24, 1833 – March 23, 1923) was an American farmer from Roxbury, Wisconsin, who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1879. Additionally, he chaired the town board (similar to city council) and was Town Treasurer of Roxbury, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat.

## Background

Theisen was born on August 24, 1833, in Trimport, in the Rhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia. In August 1851, his parents Johann (John) Theisen (1805–1881) and Maria Anna (Mary A.) Theisen (1805–1883) emigrated to the United States, bringing Matthias and his brother Nicholas. The family settled on a farm in Section 16 of the Town of Roxbury. Matthias married Elizabeth Coch, also a native of Prussia. As of 1880, the Theisens and their families (including Matthias and Elizabeth's seven children) all still lived on the homestead, by that time 175 acres in extent.

## Public office

Theisen had been town treasurer and chairman of the town board for a series of years when he was elected in 1878 from Dane County's 1st Assembly district to succeeded fellow Democrat John Lyle, who was not running for re-election. He received 1,690 votes against 1,217 for Republican John McKenzie, and 442 for Greenbacker L. P. Edwin. He was assigned to the standing committee on agriculture. He did not seek re-election in 1879, and was succeeded by another Democrat, John H. Tierney.

## Later years

Theisen was interviewed as part of a 1920 Wisconsin Magazine of History article, and is described as "wonderfully vigorous in mind and body for one of his years"; he was by then 86 years old, and living in Sauk City.
# Platte River Wilderness

The Platte River Wilderness is primarily located in south central Wyoming, with a small section extending into Colorado in the United States. Located entirely within Medicine Bow - Routt National Forest, the wilderness was created in 1984 to protect the forestlands adjacent to the North Platte River. These forestlands were almost entirely consumed by the Mullen Fire in 2020.
The Wyoming section lies within the original Medicine Bow National Forest, whereas the Colorado section is in the original Routt National Forest; since 1995 these have been administratively combined.
U.S. Wilderness Areas do not allow motorized or mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season.
# Stamili Mbonde

Stamili Mbonde (born 21 June 1990) is a Tanzanian football striker who plays for Mtibwa Sugar.
# Robert Jean Antoine de Franquetot de Coigny

Robert Jean Antoine de Franquetot de Coigny (1652 – August 10, 1704) was a French soldier.
He was the son of Jean Antoine de Franquetot, Comte de Franquetot, who died on July 2, 1652, at the battle of the Faubourg Saint Antoine.
His estate at Coigny was raised to a comté by King Louis XIV as a mark of his father's service. The Comte de Coigny entered the Musketeers in 1667. He was appointed Governor of Caen in 1680. He became Lieutenant-General of Louis XIV's armies in 1693, and Director-General of Cavalry in 1694. He died at Kœnigsmacker, Alsace, in August 1704.
He was buried in the church of Coigny.
Robert Jean Antoine had married Marie-Françoise de Matignon (August 3, 1648 – October 11, 1719) on October 5, 1668. They had 3 children: François, Henri and Madeleine. He was succeeded as Comte de Coigny by his son François de Franquetot de Coigny (1670–1759) who became Marshal of France.