OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flat iron steak

Flat iron steak (US), butlers' steak (UK), feather steak (UK) or oyster blade steak (Australia and New Zealand) is a cut of steak cut with the grain from the chuck, or shoulder of the animal.

## Origin

The origin of flat iron steak began with the National Cattlemen's Beef Association's Beef Checkoff program in 1998, as an effort to reduce waste and promote beef, which was selling at a 25-50% discount in 1996 as compared to 1993. Dwain Johnson at the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Chris Calkins at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln were given grants to help mitigate these issues. Calkins and Johnson focused on the cheaper parts of beef, the chuck and the round, to see if a desirable steak could be produced from either of these. The research teams at both schools found that the top blade of the chuck, specifically the infraspinatus muscle, contained tender meat, but there was a large seam of tough connective tissue down the middle that had to be removed. Removing this tissue was seen to be too much effort for value for meat processors to bother with, as it wasn't felt that enough meat would be recovered to make it worth the while. Calkins and Johnson found that, while cutting out the tissue did result in a thin cut of beef, it plumped up well when cooked. The NCBA started promoting flat iron steak in 2001 and in the early 2000s Applebee's put it on the menu, and the Kroger grocery store chain started carrying the cut in 2006. In 2012, sales of flat iron steak brought in approximately $80 million USD.
The name flat iron steak comes from the cut's resemblance to an old-fashioned flat iron.

## The Cut

This cut of steak is from the shoulder of a beef animal. It is located adjacent to the heart of the shoulder clod, under the seven or paddle bone (shoulder blade or scapula). The steak encompasses the infraspinatus muscles of beef, and one may see this displayed in some butcher shops and meat markets as a top blade roast or informally called a "patio steak". Anatomically, the muscle forms the dorsal part of the rotator cuff of the steer. This cut is anatomically distinct from the shoulder tender, which lies directly below it and is the teres major.
Steaks that are cross cut from this muscle are called top blade steaks, or chicken steaks. To make it more marketable, the cut which makes up this steak, which has the fascia dividing the infraspinatus within it, has increasingly been cut as two flatter steaks, with the tough fascia removed. This method of breaking down the larger cut was creation of the flat iron steak as we know it today. As a whole cut of meat, the top blade usually weighs around two to three pounds; it usually yields four steaks between eight and 12 ounces each. Flat iron steaks usually have a significant amount of marbling. In the North American Meat Processor (NAMP) meat buyers guide, it is item #1114D Beef Shoulder, Top Blade Steak.
# Steve Dunwell

Steve Dunwell is an American photographer noted for his color photographs of urban and scenic landscapes.

## Early life and education

Steve studied photojournalism with Walker Evans at Yale University (BSc 1969).

## Photography career

Steve Dunwell makes photographs of New England – its people, landscape, and industry – for publications, for collectors, and for advertising. Many of his photographs are featured in a series of fourteen picture books on regional subjects, including Extraordinary Boston.
He also works on corporate and editorial assignments, concentrating on industrial environments, architecture, aerials, and portraiture. He has traveled to over 40 nations on 5 continents. His stock photos are represented in several libraries and agencies. Editorial clients include Yankee Magazine, American Style, GEO, American Heritage, Black Enterprise, Preservation Magazine, and National Geographic Traveler.
Steve Dunwell created Back Bay Press in 1994. Back Bay Press specializes in photographic studies of New England subjects. Their most recent title is Boston Freedom Trail, describing the city's foremost historical venue.
As a supplier of Boston-themed images, Steve continues to make new images of his city, extending and improving his collection. Panoramic and aerial images are a key part of this archive, along with cultural activities.
Steve Dunwell lives and has his studio in the Bay Village neighborhood of Boston. He has been an instructor at New England School of Photography and now teaches workshops at Panasonic Digital Photography Academy. His photographs are included in numerous corporate and private collections.

## Books

* Rhode Island: A Scenic Discovery (Foremost Publishers, 1976), ISBN 978-0-940078-03-1
* The Run of the Mill (Godine Press, 1978),ISBN 978-0-87923-249-8
* Connecticut: A Scenic Discovery (Foremost Publishers, 1980), ISBN 978-0-89909-050-4
* Vision in Steel (AMCA International, 1982)
* Duke University: A Portrait (Fort Church Press, 1983), ISBN 978-0-917585-00-5
* Mystic Seaport (Foremost Publishers, 1984), ISBN 978-0-939510-13-9
* Long Island: A Scenic Discovery (Foremost Publishers, 1985), ISBN 978-0-89909-083-2
* Boston University: Pictorial (Boston University Press, 1989), ISBN 978-0-87270-064-2
* Yale: A Portrait (Fort Church Press, 1990), ISBN 978-7-85665-510-3
* USS Constitution: Old Ironsides (Fort Church Press, 1991), ISBN 978-1-884824-04-3
* Boston Freedom Trail (Back Bay Press, 1996, revised 2004), ISBN 978-0-9643015-2-8
* Harvard: A Living Portrait (Back Bay Press, revised 2007), ISBN 978-0-9643015-1-1
* Extraordinary Boston (Back Bay Press, revised 2007), ISBN 978-0-9643015-0-4
* Massachusetts: A Scenic Discovery (Back Bay Press, revised 2008) ISBN 978-0899090511
# Lasius murphyi

Lasius murphyi is a species of ant in the genus Lasius. It is endemic to the United States and Canada.
# Henry C. Bottum

Henry C. Bottum (June 7, 1826 – May 23, 1913) was a farmer, American politician and member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Bottum was born on June 7, 1826, in Orwell, Vermont, the son of Roswell Bottum and Elue Hulburd Bottum. He married Helen Burnham on July 21, 1852. Bottum later became a farmer in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. He died on May 23, 1913, in West Rosendale, Wisconsin.
His father Roswell Bottum served in the Vermont House of Representatives. A son, Joseph, became a member of the South Dakota Senate. Joseph's son, Joseph H. Bottum, served as Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota and in the United States Senate. Writer Joseph Bottum and musician Roddy Bottum are great-great-grandsons of Henry.

## Assembly career

Bottum served three terms as a member of the Assembly during the 1868, 1869 and 1879 sessions. He was a Republican.
# Mark Simmons

Mark Simmons may refer to:
* Mark Simmons (American football) (born 1984), American football wide receiver
* Mark Simmons (comedian) (born 1984 or 1985), British comedian
* Mark Simmons (cricketer) (born 1955), former English cricketer
* Mark Simmons (boxer) (born 1974), Canadian heavyweight boxer
* Mark Simmons (police officer), British senior police officer
* Mark Simmons (politician), former Oregon house of representatives member
* Mark Simmons (discus thrower) (born 1978), American discus thrower, All-American for the SMU Mustangs track and field team
# John E. Johnson (Brandon)

John E. Johnson (July 5, 1873 – March 24, 1951) was a carpenter who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Brandon, Wisconsin.

## Biography

Johnson was born on July 5, 1873, in Alto, Wisconsin. He attended high school in Brandon, Wisconsin. He was the father of the politician Lester Johnson.

## Career

Johnson was originally a member of the Assembly from 1916 to 1922. He was again a member during the 1935 session. Other positions Johnson held include member of the County Board of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, from 1932 to 1934 and of the Brandon Village Board (similar to city council). He was a Republican and a Progressive.
# Christian Pickart

Christian "Christ" Pickart (November 15, 1870 – January 6, 1938) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Pickart was born on November 15, 1870, in Marshfield, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. He died on January 6, 1938, in Malone, Wisconsin.

## Career

Pickart was elected to the Assembly in 1904. He was a Democrat.
# Fred W. Schlueter

Frederich William Schlueter (April 16, 1895 – November 20, 1969) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Schlueter was born on April 16, 1895, in Berlin, Wisconsin. He attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He died of a heart attack on November 20, 1969, while at a hunting camp near Grand Marsh, Wisconsin.

## Career

Schlueter was a member of the Assembly from 1955 to 1964. Previously, he had been clerk of the Town of Ripon, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.
# List of best-selling Xbox One video games

This is a list of video games for the Xbox One video game console that have sold or shipped at least one million copies worldwide.

## List

List of best-selling Xbox One video games :
| Game | Copies sold | Release date | Genre(s) | Developer(s) | Publisher(s) |
| PUBG: Battlegrounds | 9 million | September 4, 2018 | Battle royale | PUBG Studios | Krafton |
| Call of Duty: Black Ops III | 7.37 million | November 6, 2015 | First-person shooter | Sledgehammer Games | Activision |
| Call of Duty: WWII | 6.23 million | November 6, 2015 | First-person shooter | Treyarch | Activision |
| Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare | 5.22 million | November 4, 2014 | First-person shooter | Sledgehammer Games | Activision |
| Halo 5: Guardians | 5 million | October 27, 2015 | First-person shooter | 343 Industries | Xbox Game Studios |
| Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare | 4.79 million | November 4, 2016 | First-person shooter | Infinity Ward | Activision |
| The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt | 4.3 million | May 19, 2015 | Action role-playing | CD Projekt Red | CD Projekt |
| Dead Rising 3 | 3.60 million | November 22, 2013 | Action-adventuresurvival horror | Capcom Vancouver | Xbox Game Studios |
| Cuphead | 3.00 million | September 29, 2017 | Run and gun | StudioMDHR | StudioMDHR |
| Cyberpunk 2077 | 2.33 million | December 10, 2020 | Action role-playing | CD Projekt Red | CD Projekt |
| Forza Motorsport 5 | 2 million | November 22, 2013 | Racing | Turn 10 Studios | Xbox Game Studios |
| Monster Hunter World | 1.78 million | January 26, 2018 | Action role-playing | Capcom | Capcom |
| Dead Rising 4 | 1.28 million | December 6, 2016 | Action-adventure · hack and slash | Capcom Vancouver | Microsoft Game Studios |
| Ark: Survival Evolved | 1.5 million | August 29, 2017 | Action-adventuresurvival | Studio Wildcard | Studio Wildcard |
| Ryse: Son of Rome | 1.28 million | November 22, 2013 | Action-adventure · hack and slash | Crytek | Xbox Game Studios |
| Forza Motorsport 6 | 1 million | September 15, 2015 | Racing | Turn 10 Studios | Microsoft Studios |
| Rise of the Tomb Raider | 1 million | November 10, 2015 | Action-adventure | Crystal Dynamics | Xbox Game Studios |
# Ashaiman

Ashaiman (often wrongly spelled as "Ashiaman") is a large town and the capital of the Ashaiman Municipal District in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. According to the 2021 census, the town, along with the district, has a population of 208,060 people. Ethnic groups who resided in Ashaiman are the Ga-Adangbe, Ga, Guan, Hausa, Fante people, Dagomba, Ewe, Ashanti, and Akuapem. The current Mantse of the town is Nii Annang Adzor.

## Etymology

According to local belief, the name came from two Ga words: "Ashai", the first name of the man who had founded the town (Ibrahim Nii Ashai), and "Mang" which means "town". Therefore, it is abbreviated to "Ashaiman".

## History

Ashaiman was founded by Nii Ashai after he had moved from Tema. The town was expanded by squatters who were building Tema and others and had moved in to occupy government land.

## Demographics

Most of the popular is religious coming in with 96.9% while the other 3.1% aren't affiliated with any religions. The biggest religions in the town are Christianity (approx. 80%), Islam (16.5%), and traditional religions (0.4%).$^{:29}$ Major Ethnic groups who lived in Ashaiman are the Ga-Adangbe, Ga, Guan, Hausa, Fante people, Dagomba, Ewe, Ashanti, and Akuapem.$^{:3}$

## Economy

The biggest economic sector in the town is agriculture, followed by manufacturing and services.$^{:4}$

## Culture

Ashaiman, along with other parts of Ghana, has a paramount chief or Omanhene in which the current placeholder is Nii Annang Adzor.

## Geography

Ashaiman is located in the Ashaiman Municipal which has an total land area of 45 square kilometres (17 sq mi). The district bordered Kpone Katamanso Municipal District to the north and east and the Tema Metropolitan District towards the south and the west.$^{:4}$

### Climate

The town has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw), experiencing a wet season and a dry season and the temperature being hot year-round. The average annual rainfall ranges from 730 to 790 mm (2.40 to 2.59 ft). The wet season usually starts from April to June while the dry is from September to November.$^{:1}$

## Human resources
### Health

On 3 October 2024, It was announced that a 190-bed capacity district hospital was going to be built at Ashaiman as part of Ghana's Agenda 111, a project aim to improve access to convectional healthcare. The project has a budget of US$12 million and is expect to be completed in late-2024.

### Education

The most well-known educational institution in the town is the Ashaiman Senior High School. It was founded in September 1990 by the Provisional National Defence Council and it began with 39 students and two teachers. Currently the school has a population of about 1,400 students and 104 teachers. Courses offered in the school include General Arts, General Science, Agriculture, Business and Visual Arts.
# Fred E. Soper

Fred E. Soper (February 21, 1854 – June 18, 1930) was an American farmer, livestock dealer, and politician.
Soper was born in the town of Brooklyn, Green Lake County, Wisconsin. He moved with his parents to a farm near Ripon, Wisconsin. Soper then bought his own farm and raised livestock. In 1907, Soper served in the Wisconsin State Assembly; he was a Republican. Soper died of a heart attack in Ripon, Wisconsin.
# Nordanstig Municipality

Nordanstig Municipality (Nordanstigs kommun) is a municipality in Gävleborg County, east central Sweden.
The municipal seat is located in Bergsjö.
The municipality was created in 1974 when Bergsjö, Gnarp, Hassela and Harmånger were amalgamated. The name chosen for the new municipality was taken from a corresponding ecclesiastical entity, Nordanstigs kontrakt, which got this name in 1916 on the initiative of Nathan Söderblom, the archbishop of Uppsala.
The current municipal arms was designed in the mid 80s. It depicts: A horse to symbolize the forest and agricultural industry; the net symbolizes fishing and six net mesh to symbolize the six municipal parishes (Hassela, Bergsjö, Ilsbo, Gnarp, Jättendal and Harmånger).
Olympic gold medalist in slalom from 2018 PyongChang, André Myhrer, is born in Bergsjö, Nordanstig municipality.

## Localities

* Bergsjö (seat)
* Hassela
* Harmånger
* Gnarp
* Ilsbo
* Jättendal
* Stocka
* Strömsbruk

## Demographics

This is a demographic table based on Nordanstig Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics.
In total there were 9,475 inhabitants, with 7,393 Swedish citizens of voting age. 47.8% voted for the left coalition and 50.8% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income.
| Location | Residents | Citizen adults | Left vote | Right vote | Employed | Swedish parents | Foreign heritage | Income SEK | Degree |
| Location | | | % | % | | | | | |
| Bergsjö | 2,293 | 1,770 | 46.8 | 51.5 | 79 | 86 | 14 | 23,024 | 30 |
| Gnarp | 2,267 | 1,749 | 45.6 | 52.7 | 81 | 93 | 7 | 22,288 | 27 |
| Harmånger-Ilsbo | 1,975 | 1,495 | 44.3 | 54.9 | 81 | 90 | 10 | 22,291 | 25 |
| Hassela-Älgered | 1,228 | 998 | 53.7 | 45.0 | 79 | 89 | 11 | 21,835 | 24 |
| Jättendal-Stocka | 1,712 | 1,381 | 52.1 | 46.5 | 79 | 90 | 10 | 23,018 | 28 |
| Source: SVT ||||||||||

## Islands

* Gran

## Economy

The manufacturing industry provides 25% of the employment; service and communications 14%; agriculture, forest and fishing industries 6%; education and research 9%.
Largest private employers were (2004):
* Strömsbruksfabriken - 150 employees
* Trima AB - 125 employees
* Plyfa AB - 80 employees
* SMP Parts - 50 employees
* Hassela utbildningscenter - 40 employees
* Tjärnviks Trä AB - 40 employees

## Sister city

Nordanstig has one sister city:
* Holeby, Denmark
# Gilbert L. Laws

Gilbert Lafayette Laws (March 11, 1838 – April 25, 1907) was an American politician, newspaper publisher and businessman. He served as the Nebraska Secretary of State and as a member of the United States House of Representatives during the 1800s.

## Early life

Born on a farm near Olney, Illinois, Laws was the son of James Laws and Lucinda (Calhoun) Laws. In 1845, he moved to Iowa County, Wisconsin, with his parents. He attended Haskell University and Milton College which he financed by working in the lumber business during the summers. After graduation, he taught school until 1861 in Richland Center, Wisconsin.
During the American Civil War, Laws enlisted in the 5th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment. His left leg was amputated below the knee as a result of being wounded in the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, 1862. He was discharged in July 1862 and settled in Richland County, Wisconsin.

## Career

Laws was elected as the Richland County Clerk in 1862 and reelected twice. While serving as county clerk, he also published the Republican newspaper, "Richland County Observer". After selling his share of the newspaper in 1864, he manufactured lumber, wagon materials and bedsteads. He was a member of the Richland Center, Wisconsin city council in 1868 and 1869, and the city's mayor in 1869. In 1869 and 1870, he was the chairman of the county board of supervisors and from 1866 to 1876 the postmaster. He resigned his posts in 1876 and moved to Orleans, Nebraska.
Laws moved to Nebraska in 1876. In 1883, Laws was appointed register of the United States General Land Office in McCook, Nebraska. He served in that position until November 1, 1886, when he was elected Secretary of State of Nebraska. He was Secretary of State until 1888.
Elected as a Republican candidate to the 51st United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Laird, Laws served as a United States Representative for the second district of Nebraska from December 2, 1889, to March 3, 1891.
He did not run for reelection, instead moving to Enid, Oklahoma, where he sold real estate. He returned to Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1895, and became secretary of the State board of transportation from 1896 to 1900.

## Death

Laws died on April 25, 1907 (age 69 years, 45 days), in Lincoln, Nebraska. He is interred at Wyuka Cemetery in Lincoln.

## Personal life

Laws married Josephine Lawrence on October 25, 1868. They had three daughters, Gertrude H. Laws, Theodosia C. Laws and Helen Lucile Laws.
# Lifetime (British and Irish TV channel)

Lifetime was a British entertainment television channel that launched on 4 November 2013, that was owned by A&E Networks UK, a joint venture between A&E Networks and Sky Group. The channel replaced Bio.
On 6 November 2018, the European Commission required The Walt Disney Company to sell A&E's European channels, including Lifetime.
Programmes aired in the past on the channel included American Lifetime originals such as The Client List, Damages, Witches of East End, and an original series called The Proposers.
It launched on TalkTalk on 28 August 2014 along with its sister channels.
The network was unsuccessful in establishing itself in the market, as Lifetime's American original programming generally already aired on other networks, and remained so even after the launch of the domestic Lifetime; it was forced to carry out-of-format programming from American sister network A&E and History to maintain a full schedule, and it had limited original programming output, including Dance Mums, a local spin-off of Dance Moms that only lasted two series. The network's last prime programming, daily runs and premieres of the American series Judge Judy, left its schedule in 2019, and within months, it began to decline as a going concern.
On 24 January 2019, the HD version closed on Sky. On 7 March 2019, the +1 version closed on all platforms. The network shut down in its entirety at 12:00am and removed at 6:00 on 1 March 2021.

## Closure

A+E Networks announced on the 11th February 2021 that Lifetime would be closing on all platforms at the end of the month. A+E made an agreement with Discovery, Inc. that the channels original content would move to Discovery +. The last programme that aired was an episode of Sex Lies and Murder. The channel then aired two Crime and Investigation trailers and a trailer for Bringing Up Bates. It then closed at 12:00 am and removed at 6:00 am on the 1st March 2021.

## Former programming

* Australia's Next Top Model
* Bring It!
* Bonnie & Clyde
* Britain's Next Top Model
* Cajun Pawn Stars
* The Client List
* Damages
* Dance Moms
* Dance Mums with Jennifer Ellison
* Duck Dynasty
* Flipping Vegas
* Frisky Business
* Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce
* Hardcore Pawn
* The Haunting Of...
* I Can Make You a Supermodel
* Judge Judy
* Little Women: Atlanta
* Little Women: LA
* Little Women: NY
* The Mother/Daughter Experiment
* Pawn Stars
* Pitch Slapped
* Project Runway
* Project Runway: Fashion Startup
* The Proposers
* The Rap Game
* The Real Housewives
* Shahs of Sunset
* Storage Wars
* Vanderpump Rules
* Wahlburgers
* Witches of East End