# Salon-de-Provence

Salon-de-Provence (French:, locally; Provençal Occitan: Selon de Provença or Seloun de Prouvènço, pronounced), commonly known as Salon, is a commune located about 52 km (32 mi) northwest of Marseille in the Bouches-du-Rhône department (Metropolis of Aix-Marseille Provence), region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Southern France. It is the home of an important French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace) air base.

## History

Salon was a Gallo-Roman oppidum well positioned on the salt trade routes between Adriatic, Atlantic and Mediterranean seas, hence its name. This region was under the Phocaean influence since the sixth century BC, and stretches of the Via Aurelia can still be recognized just outside the town, but the earliest mention of the place under its familiar name is of the ninth century, as Villa Salone. The archbishops of Arles controlled the site.
Its principal claim to fame today is as the place where Nostradamus spent his last years and is buried. His dwelling is maintained as a museum, and for four days every June or July, the city celebrates its history during the time of Nostradamus, attracting tourists.
The historic center still lies within its circuit of walls, entered through two seventeenth-century gateways, the Porte de l'Horloge and the Porte du Bourg Neuf.
In 1559 the engineer Adam de Craponne opened the Canal de Craponne to bring fresh water from the river Durance to the town and the surrounding plain of Crau. Inexpensive freight brought commerce to Salon, and the town prospered.

## Sights
### Château de l'Emperi

The castle, which was the biggest in Provence during the 12th and 13th centuries and was mentioned as early as the tenth, still dominates the old town. It was the preferred residence of the bishops of Arles, when Provence was part of the Holy Roman Empire, hence its name. It became the property of the city after the French Revolution. After damage caused by the 1909 earthquake, it has been restored and now hosts a museum of military history. Every summer, it hosts an international classical music festival.

### Fontaine Moussue

The fountain in Place Crousillat has existed since the 16th century. During the 20th century, limestone concretions and vegetation developed, giving the familiar mushroom aspect.

### St Michel Chapel

Built during the 13th century, this chapel boasts a remarkable Romanesque tympanum featuring the paschal lamb.

### Collégiale Saint Laurent

The current edifice was erected during 15th century by Cardinal Louis Aleman, who was then bishop of Arles.

### Salon-de-Provence Air Base

Salon-de-Provence Air Base is the site of the French Air Force Academy, as well as the home of the French Aerial Demonstration team, the Patrouille de France.

### Market

Every Wednesday the Place Morgan is host to a Provençal market.

## Culture

Each summer, the Château de l'Empéri hosts a festival of chamber music.
Some years the Château is the venue for Nostradamiques – an historical re-enactment of the time of Nostradamus which includes processions and a transformation of the old medieval downtown. One such re-enactment was performed by the television presenter Jean-Pierre Foucault. In 2006 Robert Hossein compered the closing ceremony of the re-enactment.

## Personalities

* Abba Mari ben Eligdor (fl.1335), distinguished Talmudist, philosopher, resident 14th Century
* Nostradamus (1503–1566), resident 1547–66, place of death
* Adam de Craponne (1526–1576), engineer, born in Salon
* Miquèu Tronc (16th century), Occitan language writer
* Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet (1720–1778), French botanist and explorer, birthplace
* Joan Montseny (1864-1942), Catalan anarchist, place of death
* Charles Trenet (1913-2001), French singer, resident for military reasons, 1939–1940
* Romain Gary (1914–1980), French novelist and pilot, learnt to fly with military in Salon-de-Provence before Nazi occupation of France
* Patrick Baudry (1946-), and Léopold Eyharts (1957-), French astronauts, military training
* Daniel Goossens (1954-), Cartoonist, birthplace
* Christine Boisson (1956-), French actor, birthplace
* Franck Esposito (1971-), French swimmer, birthplace
* Michaël N'dri (1984-), footballer, birthplace and early Football career
* Mathieu Arzeno (1987-), racing driver, birthplace
* Simon Porte Jacquemus (1990-), Fashion Designer
* Nassourdine Imavov (1995-), MMA fighter, former resident
* Sakina Karchaoui (1996-), footballer for Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team

## Twin towns – sister cities

Salon-de-Provence is twinned with:
* Blanzy-la-Salonnaise, France
* Aranda de Duero, Spain
* Gubbio, Italy
* Huntingdon, England, United Kingdom
* Godmanchester, England, United Kingdom
* Szentendre, Hungary
* Wertheim am Main, Germany

## Gallery

* Château de l'Empéri courtyard
* Fontaine Moussue by night
* St Michel, inside
* Tympanum, Église St-Michel
* Collégiale Saint Laurent, after 2008/2009 restorations
* Jardin de la République
* Sausages, market at Place Morgan
* Mushrooms, market at Place Morgan
* Paella, market at Place Morgan

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 6,787 | — |
| 1800 | 5,100 | −4.00% |
| 1806 | 5,167 | +0.22% |
| 1821 | 5,864 | +0.85% |
| 1831 | 5,987 | +0.21% |
| 1836 | 5,793 | −0.66% |
| 1841 | 5,617 | −0.62% |
| 1846 | 6,355 | +2.50% |
| 1851 | 6,564 | +0.65% |
| 1856 | 7,057 | +1.46% |
| 1861 | 6,533 | −1.53% |
| 1866 | 6,714 | +0.55% |
| 1872 | 7,522 | +1.91% |
| 1876 | 7,021 | −1.71% |
| 1881 | 7,503 | +1.34% |
| 1886 | 8,598 | +2.76% |
| 1891 | 9,152 | +1.26% |
| 1896 | 10,936 | +3.63% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 12,872 | +3.31% |
| 1906 | 14,050 | +1.77% |
| 1911 | 14,019 | −0.04% |
| 1921 | 13,155 | −0.63% |
| 1926 | 12,900 | −0.39% |
| 1931 | 13,193 | +0.45% |
| 1936 | 13,482 | +0.43% |
| 1946 | 15,826 | +1.62% |
| 1954 | 17,597 | +1.33% |
| 1962 | 21,393 | +2.47% |
| 1968 | 30,722 | +6.22% |
| 1975 | 34,576 | +1.70% |
| 1982 | 34,846 | +0.11% |
| 1990 | 34,064 | −0.28% |
| 1999 | 37,079 | +0.95% |
| 2007 | 40,943 | +1.25% |
| 2012 | 43,771 | +1.34% |
| 2017 | 45,528 | +0.79% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Climate

Climate data for Salon-de-Provence (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1939–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 34.4 (93.9) | 43.4 (110.1) | 39.7 (103.5) | 39.8 (103.6) | 35.1 (95.2) | 30.1 (86.2) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 43.4 (110.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.5 (52.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.5 (61.7) | 19.3 (66.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.8 (82.0) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.9 (69.6) | 15.2 (59.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 20.5 (68.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.5 (50.9) | 13.2 (55.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.7 (74.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.5 (50.9) | 7.2 (45.0) | 14.7 (58.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | 4.5 (40.1) | 7.2 (45.0) | 11.0 (51.8) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.1 (62.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | 9.0 (48.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −9.4 (15.1) | −4.3 (24.3) | −0.9 (30.4) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 7.7 (45.9) | 3.1 (37.6) | −3.6 (25.5) | −7.6 (18.3) | −14.4 (6.1) | −18.5 (−1.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 54.4 (2.14) | 34.2 (1.35) | 36.6 (1.44) | 56.4 (2.22) | 44.0 (1.73) | 30.6 (1.20) | 13.7 (0.54) | 30.5 (1.20) | 78.9 (3.11) | 85.6 (3.37) | 84.1 (3.31) | 45.1 (1.78) | 594.1 (23.39) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 56.6 |
| Average snowy days | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 73 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 65 | 61 | 64 | 72 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 70.2 |
| Source 1: Meteociel ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, snowy days 1961–1990) ||||||||||||||