OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Maude Richards

Sir James Maude Richards, CBE FRIBA (13 August 1907 – 27 April 1992) was a British architectural writer.
James Maude Richards was born in 1907, at Ladypath, Park Lane, Carshalton, Surrey. His father, Louis Saurin Richards, was a solicitor, and his mother, Lucy Denes (née Clarence), was born in Ceylon, now Sri Lanka. Educated at Gresham's School, Holt, and Cambridge University, he trained as an architect at the Architectural Association.
He worked at J. Lyons & Co., assisting Oliver Percy Bernard, before being sent to work as an architectural assistant for the engineer, Owen Williams.
But his main career was as a writer on architecture. As well as publishing many books, he served as editor of the Architectural Review from 1937 to 1971, the longest period in office of any of its editors.
He had a short, unhappy marriage to artist Peggy Angus, with whom he had a daughter, Victoria, and a son Angus. The couple married in 1936 and divorced in 1948. In 1954, he married Kit Lewis, also an artist; the couple had one son.
He died in Fulham, London, on 27 April 1992.

## Major publications

* "Towards a Rational Aesthetic: An Examination of the Characteristics of Modern Design with Particular Reference to the Influence of the Machine," in Architectural Review 77 (1935): 211-18.
* High Street (Country Life, 1938) with illustrations by Eric Ravilious
* A Miniature History of the English House (Architectural Press, 1938) ISBN 0-85139-389-6
* An Introduction to Modern Architecture (Penguin Books, 1940, revised 1953 and 1963) ISBN 0-14-020061-4
* The Castles on the Ground (Architectural Press, 1946), 2nd edn with subtitle The Anatomy of Suburbia (John Murray, 1973) ISBN 0-7195-2908-5
* Functional Tradition in Early Industrial Buildings (Architectural Press, 1958) ISBN 0-85139-226-1
* "Stockholm's New Commercial Centre," in Architectural Review 130 (August 1961): 104-14.
* Guide to Finnish Architecture (1966)
* The Anti-rationalists (University of Toronto Press, 1973) (ed. with Nikolaus Pevsner) ISBN 0-85139-005-6
* The Professions: Architecture (David & Charles, 1974) ISBN 0-7153-6422-7
* Provision for the Arts in the Republic of Ireland (Gulbenkian Foundation, 1976) ISBN 0-903319-05-5
* Who's Who in Architecture from 1400 to the Present Day (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1977) ISBN 0-297-77283-X
* Eight Hundred Years of Finnish Architecture (David & Charles, 1978) ISBN 0-7153-7512-1
* Memoirs of an Unjust Fella (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980) ISBN 0-297-77767-X
* The National Trust Book of English Architecture (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981) ISBN 0-297-77901-X
* "Marcel Breuer: 1902-81," in Architectural Review 170, no. 1014 (1981): 69-70.
* "Carl Ludwig Engel, Finland's Neo-Classical Master," in Architectural Review 171, no. 1021 (1982): 52-59.
* "Peter Reyner Banham," in Architectural Review 183, no. 1095 (1988): 9-10.
# Pyeonyuk

Pyeonyuk (Korean: 편육; Hanja: 片肉) is a traditional Korean dish, which consists of thinly sliced meat that has been boiled and pressed. Either beef or pork may be used to make the dish.
It is eaten as anju (an accompaniment to alcoholic drinks), or used as a topping for other dishes such as naengmyeon (cold noodles) and seolleongtang (ox bone soup). In the past, pyeonyuk was made during the preparation of a large amount of beef stock or broth for various dishes served during feasts and banquets. Today, it is also used in non-traditional dishes, such as a cold cut in wrap sandwiches, and is considered to be a healthier alternative to deep-fried, stir-fried, or roasted meat.

## Preparation and serving

Beef pyeonyuk mainly uses brisket, plate, foreshank, tongue, testicle, mammary, head, liver, spleen, and trotters, while pork pyeonyuk uses belly, head, and trotters.
The meat is always soaked in cold water to remove blood, and it is boiled as a whole chunk until tender. The broth for cooking the meat is flavored with salt and other seasonings that may vary from household to household, and can include doenjang (soybean paste), soju, cheongju (rice wine), black peppercorns, or coffee powder. Scallions and whole garlic cloves are a common addition in the broth when beef is used, and sliced ginger for pork.
After the meat is tender, it is wrapped in cloth and pressed with a weight. Then it is sliced thin and served with a dipping sauce: cho-ganjang (soy sauce–vinegar mixture) or gyeoja-chojang (soy sauce, vinegar, and mustard mixture) for the beef pyeonyuk, and saeu-jeot (salted shrimps) for the pork pyeonyuk. Pork pyeonyuk may also be eaten wrapped with baechu-kimchi (cabbage kimchi), or in lettuce or perilla leaves as ssam (wrap). Common side dishes for pyeonyuk include geotjeori (fresh kimchi), mu-mallaengi-muchim (spicy dried radish salad), and saengchae-muchim (spicy vegetable salad).
Pyeonyuk may also be used as a topping for other dishes such as naengmyeon (cold noodles), and seolleongtang (ox bone soup).

## Gallery

* Suyuk (boiled pork slices) and pyeonyuk
* Dwaeji-meori-pyeonyuk (pressed boiled pork head slices) served with garlic
* Naengmyeon (cold noodles) topped with boiled egg, pyeonyuk, cucumber, and pickled radish
* Pyeonuk with kimchi and green onions
* Pyeonyuk with sundae sausages
# Butterfly vertebra

Butterfly vertebra (also known as sagittal cleft vertebra) is a rare congenital spinal anomaly characterized by the presence of a sagittal cleft within a vertebral body, giving it a butterfly-like appearance on imaging. This condition arises due to incomplete fusion of the lateral halves of a vertebra during embryonic development. While often asymptomatic, butterfly vertebrae may occasionally be associated with spinal deformities or syndromic conditions.

## Pathogenesis

The vertebral column develops from paired somites during embryogenesis. Normally, the right and left halves of each vertebra fuse in the midline to form a complete vertebral body. In butterfly vertebrae, this process is disrupted, leading to a persistent sagittal cleft. The defect is usually filled with fibrous or cartilaginous tissue, and the two halves of the vertebral body may remain connected by this intervening soft tissue. The condition is most commonly observed in the thoracic and lumbar spine, although it can occur at any spinal level. The degree of clefting varies, resulting in a spectrum of appearances on imaging studies.

## Radiological imaging

Plain Radiography: The vertebra appears divided into two symmetrical halves, separated by a vertical lucency that represents the cleft. The lateral portions of the vertebral body often appear sclerotic, and the shape resembles a butterfly when viewed in the anteroposterior projection.
CT imaging: Provides greater detail regarding the bony anatomy, including the extent of clefting and the composition of the intervening tissue.
MRI: Useful for evaluating associated spinal cord abnormalities or adjacent soft tissue changes. The sagittal cleft may appear as a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images, representing cartilaginous or fibrous material.
# Beau Bassin-Rose Hill

Beau Bassin-Rose Hill (or Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill; French: Villes sœurs; Mauritian Creole pronunciation:) is a town in Mauritius, located in the Plaines Wilhems District. It is administered by the Municipal Council of Beau Bassin-Rose Hill and has a population of 147,066 inhabitants, making it the third largest city on the island.

## Local Administration
### Municipal elections

Municipal elections are held every 6 years, the mandate of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor is two years, then another one is chosen by the members of the board through a system of voting. For the Municipal elections held in November 2012, the town of Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill was divided into 6 wards compare to 4 previously.

## Sports

The football team which represents the town is the Union Sportive de Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill, its home stadium is the Sir Gaetan Duval Stadium, the team currently plays in the National First Division for the 2014–2015 season.

## Education

* John Kennedy College
* St Mary's College
* Loreto College Rose Hill
* St Andrew's School
* Collège de La Confiance
* Queen Elizabeth College
* New Devton College
* SSS Beau-Bassin
* New Eton College
* Institut Cardinal Jean Margéot (Maison de Carné)

## Suburbs

The town of Beau Bassin-Rose Hill is divided into different regions:
* Beau-Bassin
* Camp-Levieux
* Coromandel
* Lower Beau-Bassin
* Mont-Roches
* Roches-Brunes
* Rose-Hill
* Stanley
* Trèfles
* Barkly

## Twin towns – sister cities

Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill is twinned with:
* Changzhou
* Saint-Pierre, Réunion
* Quartier Militaire and france
# Bahman (name)

Bahman (Persian: بهمن) is a Persian given name and surname, derived from the name of the eleventh month of the Solar Hijri calendar.
People with the name include:

## Given name

* Amir-Bahman Bagheri, Iranian military officer
* Bahman Ahmadi Amouee (born 1967), Iranian journalist
* Bahman Akhundov (1910–1980), Azerbaijani Soviet economist
* Bahman Amiri Moghaddam (born 1962), Iranian soldier and former governor
* Bahman Asgari (born 1991), Iranian karateka
* Bahman Daroshafaei, Iranian-British journalist, translator, blogger and filmmaker
* Bahman Farmanara (born 1942), Iranian film director, screenwriter and producer
* Bahman Foroutan (born 1947), Iranian football manager
* Bahman Forsi (born 1934), Iranian playwright
* Bahman Ghobadi (born 1969), Iranian film director
* Bahman Golbarnezhad (1968–2016), Iranian Paralympic cyclist
* Bahman Hashemi (born 1962), Iranian TV presenter and actor
* Bahman Kiarostami (born 1978), Iranian filmmaker
* Bahman Jaduya (died 636), Iranian general of the Sasanians
* Bahman Jahantigh (born 1995), Iranian footballer
* Bahman Jalali (1944–2010) Iranian photographer
* Bahman Kamel (born 1986), Iranian footballer
* Bahman Koohestani, former executive at Netscape
* Bahman Maghsoudlou (born 1946), Iranian film scholar, author, film director and producer
* Bahman Maleki (born 1992), Iranian footballer
* Bahman Mehabadi, Iranian violinist, music teacher and composer
* Bahman Mirza (1810–1883/84), Qajar prince, literary scholar and author
* Bahman Mofid (1942–2020), Iranian theater actor, poet, singer and ballet dancer
* Bahman Mohammadi (born 1957), Iranian politician
* Bahman Mohasses (1931–2010), Iranian artist, translator and theater director
* Bahman Motamedian, Iranian filmmaker, photographer, author and screenwriter
* Bahman Nassim (1940–1980), Iranian swimmer
* Bahman Nirumand (born 1936) is an Iranian-German journalist and author
* Bahman Reyhani, Iranian military officer
* Bahman Salari (born 1993), Iranian footballer
* Bahman Salehnia (born 1939), Iranian football manager
* Bahman Shirazi, former director of graduate studies at California Institute of Integral Studies
* Bahman Shirvani (born 1989), Iranian footballer
* Bahman Sholevar (born 1941), Iranian-American author, translator, critic, psychiatrist and political activist
* Bahman Tahmasebi (born 1980), Iranian former footballer
* Bahman Vafaeinejad (born 1968), known as Benny Rebel, Iranian-German photographer
* Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian (1851–1933), Iranian banker and politician

## Surname

* Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (died 1358), founder of the Bahmani Sultanate
* Ali Akbar Bahman (1883–1967), Qajar and Pahlavi diplomat and politician
* Deep Chand Bahman, Indian poet, actor and dancer
* Jasem Bahman (born 1958), Kuwaiti former footballer
# List of astronomical observatories in Canada
## Alberta

* Newbrook Observatory (disused)
* Oldman River Observatory, Lethbridge Astronomical Society, Lethbridge
* Rothney Astrophysical Observatory, University of Calgary, Priddis, Alberta
* Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station (historic site)
* Sunridge Observatory, south of Medicine Hat
* Telus World of Science Edmonton RASC Observatory, Edmonton
* Wilson Coulee Observatory, RASC Calgary Centre, De Winton, Alberta
* Eagle Butte Observatory, South of Dunmore

## British Columbia

* Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Penticton
* Mount Kobau National Observatory, Mount Kobau (Never built)
* University of British Columbia Observatory, Vancouver (Demolished 2010)
* Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Victoria
* University of Victoria Observatory, Victoria
* Climenhaga Observatory, University of Victoria
* Gordon MacMillan Southam Observatory, H.R. Macmillan Space Centre, Vancouver
* Large Zenith Telescope, University of British Columbia (at Malcolm Knapp Research Forest) (Decommissioned 2014)
* Trottier Observatory, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby
* Prince George Astronomical Observatory, Prince George

## Manitoba

* Glenlea Astronomical Observatory, Univ. of Manitoba/RASC Winnipeg Centre, Winnipeg

## New Brunswick

* Université de Moncton observatory
* Mount Allison University Gemini Observatory
* Moncton High School Observatory

## Newfoundland and Labrador

* Grenfell Observatory

## Nova Scotia

* Burke-Gaffney Observatory

## Ontario

* Algonquin Radio Observatory, Algonquin Provincial Park
* Boltwood Observatory, Stittsville
* David Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill
* David Thompson Astronomical Observatory, Fort William Historical Park, Thunder Bay
* Dominion Meteorological Building, 315 Bloor Street West, Toronto - now home to Munk School of Global Affairs
* Dominion Observatory, Ottawa
* Elginfield Astronomical Observatory, Middlesex Centre
* Gustav Bakos Observatory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo
* Hume Cronyn Memorial Observatory, University of Western Ontario, London
* Kessler Observatory, Carleton University, Ottawa
* Killarney Provincial Park Observatory
* Long Point Observatory, St. Williams
* Queen's University Observatory, Queen's University, Kingston
* Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Sudbury
* Toronto Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory
* York University Observatory, North York (Toronto)

## Quebec

* ASTER Observatory, Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!
* Bishop's University Astronomical Observatory
* Mont Mégantic Observatory

## Saskatchewan

* Cypress Observatory, Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Centre Block, Maple Creek
* Davin Observatory, RASC Regina Centre, Davin
* Saskatchewan Science Centre Observatory, Regina
* Sleaford Observatory, RASC Saskatoon Centre, north of Colonsay
* Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), University of Saskatchewan
* University of Saskatchewan Observatory, Saskatoon
* Wilkinson Memorial Observatory, Eastend
# XDinero

XDinero ('For Money' in English) is a rock-ska band from Peru formed in 1986.

## Biography

The band formed after band Baretto had separated, so they set out to form their own band and record their own songs. They signed with local label IEMPSA. The band XDinero was successful in the north of Peru, its success was so great that it reached the capital Lima (which is very difficult for bands from outside of Lima). They toured in Europe and Latin America. The band escaped death on a bus route to aconcert in Ica. The band still tours in Peru

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Triste Realidad (1997)
* Por Las Huevas (2001)
* Tocar Fondo y Brillar (2013)
* El Endeudado (2023)
# Che-Ming Ko

Che-Ming Ko (柯治明; born 1943) is a Taiwanese physicist, focusing in nuclear theory, currently University Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University and an Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1994.

## Education

Ko received a BS degree from Tunghai University in Taiwan. Ko received a MS degree from McMaster University in Canada. Ko received his Ph.D. in 1973 from State University of New York at Stony Brook, under dissertation advisor Gerald E. Brown.
# Thomas Pormort

Thomas Pormort (about 1559, probably at Little Limber – executed 29 February 1592, at St. Paul's Churchyard) was an English Roman Catholic priest. He was beatified in 1987.

## Life

He was probably related to the family of Pormort of Great Grimsby and Saltfleetby, Lincolnshire. After receiving some education at Cambridge, he went to Reims on 15 January 1581. From there he went to Rome, where he was ordained priest in 1587. He left the English College on 6 March 1588 and entered the household of Owen Lewis, Bishop of Cassano.
On 25 April 1590, Pormort became prefect of studies in the Swiss college at Milan. He was relieved of this office and left for England on 15 September. Crossing the St. Gotthard Pass, he reached Brussels by 29 November. There he became a servant to Mrs. Geoffrey Pole under the name of Whitgift, a name taken from his godfather, the Archbishop of Canterbury, John Whitgift. He went with Pole to Antwerp, intending to proceed to Flushing, and from there to England.
He was arrested in London on 25 July 1591, but managed to escape. In August or September 1591, he was arrested again and committed to Bridewell Prison, before being removed to Richard Topcliffe's house where he was tortured on the rack. On 8 February 1592 he was convicted of high treason for being a seminary priest, and for reconciling a haberdasher named John Barwys to the Catholic Church. He pleaded that he had no faculties but was found guilty.
Pormort accused Topcliffe of having boasted to him of an indecent relationship with Queen Elizabeth I. Topcliffe obtained a court order to proceed with the execution, although Whitgift endeavoured to delay it and make his godson conform to Protestantism. A gibbet was erected in St. Paul's churchyard, and Pormort was kept standing two hours on the ladder while Topcliffe urged him in vain to withdraw his accusation.
# Continuous diaphragm sign

The continuous diaphragm sign is a radiological finding seen on chest X-rays that indicates the presence of gas within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum (pneumomediastinum), the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) or pericardium (pneumopericardium). This sign is characterized by the uninterrupted visualization of the diaphragm's contour across the midline, underlining both the right and left hemidiaphragms, which is normally obscured by the overlying heart and mediastinum.

## Pathophysiology

The diaphragm typically appears as two separate, curved outlines (hemidiaphragms) on a chest X-ray due to the heart and mediastinum obscuring its central portion. When air accumulates in the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity, it outlines the diaphragm, making its central portion visible and creating the appearance of a continuous line. The continuous diaphragm sign is most commonly caused by the presence of free air in the mediastinum where air escapes from the lungs, airways, or other mediastinal structures. The causes for pneumomediastinum include trauma, alveolar rupture, asthma exacerbations, or esophageal perforation. The sign can also be seen in pneumoperitoneum, where free air enters the abdominal cavity due to gastrointestinal perforation or surgery.
# Veterinary pathology

Veterinary pathologists are veterinarians who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like medical pathology, veterinary pathology is divided into two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Other than the diagnosis of disease in food-producing animals, companion animals, zoo animals and wildlife, veterinary pathologists also have an important role in drug discovery and safety as well as scientific research.

## Veterinary anatomical pathology

Anatomical pathology (Commonwealth) or anatomic pathology (U.S.) is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, microscopic, and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (necropsy). Veterinary pathology also takes into account the structure and function of the body and how particular cells were injured. The Indian, European, Japanese, and American Colleges of Veterinary Pathologists certify veterinary pathologists through a certifying exam after completing a residency program. After completing the residency and the exam, a certificate will be given out to display specialization in veterinary pathology. The American College of Veterinary Pathologist certification exam consists of four parts, - gross pathology, microscopic pathology, veterinary pathology, and general pathology. Only the general pathology section is shared between the anatomic and clinical pathology examinations. Veterinary pathologists are employed in several different positions, including diagnostics, teaching, research, and the pharmaceutical industry.

## Veterinary clinical pathology

Clinical pathology is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood, urine or cavitary effusions, or tissue aspirates using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology, and molecular pathology. Clinical pathology labs offer many services including hematology, hemostasis, urinalysis, cytology, and clinical biochemistry tests. Many clinical pathology tests can be done "in" or "out" of house, meaning that the test can be done in that particular clinic or sent to a further specialized outside laboratory. Many patients have the desire to do "in-house" tests because it is usually cheaper. Ultimately, veterinary pathology consists of most of the behind-the-scenes laboratory work that studies virus, infections, bacteria, and much more. Without veterinary pathologists, illness would spread throughout many species of animals much quicker than in the present day.
# Kelafo

Kelafo (Somali: Qalaafe; Somali pronunciation:, Amharic: ቀላፎ, romanized: Qällafo) is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Gode Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 05°35′20″N 44°12′20″E﻿ / ﻿5.58889°N 44.20556°E﻿ / 5.58889; 44.20556 and an elevation of 233 meters above sea level.
The regional successor to the Muslim states of Ifat and Adal, the Ajuran Sultanate, governed its territories from Qalafo along the upper Shabelle River in eastern Ogaden until its decline in the 17th century.
The UN-OCHA-Ethiopia website provides details of the health clinic in Kelafo, which was built in 1991 with funds and equipment provided by the Australian government. Kelafo is served by an airport (ICAO code HAKL), and a bridge across the Shebelle River which was scoured in the May 1995 floods.

## Demographics

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 14,242, of whom 7,522 are men and 6,720 are women. The 1997 census reported this town had a total population of 9,551 of whom 4,970 were men and 4,581 women. The largest two ethnic groups reported in this town were the Somali (96.85%), and the Amhara (1%); all other ethnic groups made up 2.15% of the population. It is the largest town in Kelafo woreda.
# Chunghwa Postal Museum

The Postal Museum (traditional Chinese: 郵政博物館; simplified Chinese: 邮政博物馆; pinyin: Yóuzhèng Bówùguǎn) is a museum located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. The museum encompasses seven floors and covers postal history, modern postal service, philately, and special exhibitions.

## History

The museum opened at a location in Xindian Township, Taipei County on 20 March 1966, on the 70th anniversary of Chunghwa Post. Due to remoteness of the Xindian location and the lack of space, the museum was moved to its present location in the Nanhai Academy in 1984.

## Features

The museum contains exhibitions about postal history and stamps, the modern postal service, as well as a special exhibition, a library, and an auditorium.

## Architecture

The museums spans over 10 floors.

## Transportation

The museum is within walking distance of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall Station of the Taipei Metro.
# Lars-Göran Jönsson

Lars-Göran Jönsson (pronounced; born 23 February 1951) is a Swedish former handball player. He was known for his hard shots. Raised in Karlskrona, he signed for IFK Kristianstad in 1973. In 1974–75, he helped the team reach the Swedish Championship final, where they were defeated by HK Drott. Jönsson, Bo Ahlberg and Lennarth Ebbinge were known as the "Wild West line" (Vilda Västern-kedjan), as a result of often shooting at the first opportunity. He played 115 matches and scored 582 goals for Kristianstad in the top division. He also played 73 matches for Sweden between 1975 and 1979, and participated in the 1978 World Championship. In his final year with the national team he only played in defence. In 1979, he returned to his hometown to play for IFK Karlskrona, where he finished his career.