# List of birds of the Kermadec Islands

This is a list of the bird species recorded on the Kermadec Islands. The avifauna of the Kermadec Islands include a total of 128 species.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for the Kermadec Islands.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.
* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs on the Kermadec Islands.
* (E) Endemic - a species endemic to the Kermadec Islands
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to the Kermadec Islands as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
* Canada goose, Branta canadensis (A)
* Australian shelduck, Tadorna tadornoides (A)
* Paradise shelduck, Tadorna variegata (A)
* Pacific black duck, Anas superciliosa
* Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (A)

## New World quail

Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
* California quail Callipepla californica (I)

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
* New Zealand pigeon, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae (Ex)

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.
* Long-tailed koel, Urodynamis taitensis
* Shining bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx lucidus (A)

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
* Australasian swamphen, Porphyrio melanotus
* Spotless crake, Zapornia tabuensis

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
* South Island oystercatcher, Haematopus finschi (V)

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola (A)
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
* Masked lapwing, Vanellus miles (A)
* Double-banded plover, Charadrius bicinctus (A)
* Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus (A)

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
* Bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitiensis (A)
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus (A)
* Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis (A)
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Red knot, Calidris canutus (A)
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata (A)
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea (A)
* Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes (A)
* Wandering tattler, Tringa incana (A)

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
* Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum (A)

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
* South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
* Brown skua, Stercorarius antarcticus
* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (A)
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
* Silver gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (A)
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
* Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (A)
* Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
* Black noddy, Anous minutus
* Gray noddy, Anous albivitta
* Blue-gray noddy, Anous ceruleus
* White tern, Gygis alba
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
* Little tern, Sternula albifrons (A)
* Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii (A)

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
* Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda

## Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
* Buller's albatross, Thalassarche bulleri (A)
* White-capped albatross, Thalassarche cauta
* Salvin's albatross, Thalassarche salvini
* Chatham albatross, Thalassarche eremita
* Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris (A)
* Light-mantled albatross, Phoebetria palpebrata (A)
* Northern royal albatross, Diomedea epomophora
* Wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans (A)

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)
* Gray-backed storm-petrel, Garrodia nereis
* White-faced storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina
* White-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta grallaria
* Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
* Southern giant-petrel, Macronectes giganteus (A)
* Northern giant-petrel, Macronectes halli (A)
* Cape petrel, Daption capense
* Gray-faced petrel, Pterodroma gouldi
* Kermadec petrel, Pterodroma neglecta
* Magenta petrel, Pterodroma magentae
* Herald petrel, Pterodroma heraldica (A)
* Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri
* Soft-plumaged petrel, Pterodroma mollis
* White-headed petrel, Pterodroma lessonii
* Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata (A)
* White-necked petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis
* Black-winged petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis
* Cook's petrel, Pterodroma cookii
* Gould's petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera (A)
* Stejneger's petrel, Pterodroma longirostris (A)
* Phoenix petrel, Pterodroma alba (A)
* Blue petrel, Halobaena caerulea (A)
* Fairy prion, Pachyptila turtur
* Broad-billed prion, Pachyptila vittata
* Antarctic prion, Pachyptila desolata (A)
* Slender-billed prion, Pachyptila belcheri (A)
* Fulmar prion, Pachyptila crassirostris
* Gray petrel, Procellaria cinerea
* White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis
* Parkinson's petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni
* Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes
* Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
* Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea (A)
* Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris (A)
* Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis (A)
* Little shearwater, Puffinus assimilis
* Subantarctic shearwater, Puffinus elegans
* Common diving-petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
* Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A)
* Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
* Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
* Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (A)
* Little black cormorant, Phalacrocorax sulcirostris (A)

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
* Pacific heron, Ardea pacifica (A)
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* White-faced heron, Egretta novaehollandiae (A)
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta (A)
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (A)
* Nankeen night-heron, Nycticorax caledonicus

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
* Royal spoonbill, Platalea regia (A)

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
* Swamp harrier, Circus approximans

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
* Sacred kingfisher, Todiramphus sanctus

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
* Red-crowned parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae

## Honeyeaters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Meliphagidae
The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.
* Tūī, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
* New Zealand bellbird, Anthornis melanura

## Australasian robins

Order: Passeriformes Family: Petroicidae
Most species of Petroicidae have a stocky build with a large rounded head, a short straight bill and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest, and mangrove swamp to semi-arid scrubland. All are primarily insectivores, although a few supplement their diet with seeds.
* Tomtit, Petroica macrocephala

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
* Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis (A)

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
* Welcome swallow, Hirundo neoxena

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
* Silvereye, Zosterops lateralis

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* Song thrush, Turdus philomelos (I)
* Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula (I)

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails and comprises the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. These are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
* New Zealand pipit, Anthus novaeseelandiae (A)

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are small to moderately large seed-eating passerine birds with a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and nine primary flight feathers. Finches have a bouncing flight, alternating bouts of flapping with gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
* Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs (A)
* European greenfinch, Chloris chloris (I)
* Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea (I)
* Lesser redpoll, Acanthis cabaret (I)
* European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis (I)

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.
* Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella (I)