# 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature

The 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the British writer Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author." He is the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and being aged 41, is its youngest recipient to date.

## Laureate

Rudyard Kipling praised the British colonial empire in his works as a poet, short story author, journalist, and novelist, which made his poetry well-liked in the British Army. Children all across the globe have grown to know and love him as a result of The Jungle Book (1894), especially because of Disney's 1967 motion picture adaptation. The Swedish Academy said that Kipling's human portraits and social environment descriptions that "penetrate to the substance of things" rather than merely repeating the fleeting" were his distinctive qualities. His classic literary works include Kim (1901), the Just So Stories (1902) and many short stories, including The Man Who Would Be King (1888).

## Deliberations
### Nominations

Kipling was nominated four times beginning in 1904. He was nominated in 1907 by Charles Oman, professor of modern history at the University of Oxford, which later led to him being awarded the Nobel prize.
In total, the Swedish Academy received 37 nominations for 21 writers. The highest number of nominations – five nominations – were for the Italian writer Angelo de Gubernatis followed by American theologian Borden Parker Bowne with four nominations. Eight of the nominees were nominated first-time such as Holger Drachmann, Eduardo Benot, Andrés Manjón, Àngel Guimerà, and Paul Bourget. Selma Lagerlöf is the only female nominee for that year.
The authors Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, Mary De Morgan, Charles Guérin, Louise Granberg, Benedikt Sveinbjarnarson Gröndal, Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Joris-Karl Huysmans, Alfred Jarry, Mkrtich Khrimian, Hector Malot, David Masson, Bertram Fletcher Robinson, André Theuriet, Marko Vovchok, Iosif Vulcan, and Stanisław Wyspiański died in 1907 without having been nominated for the prize. The British minister Ian Maclaren and Spanish academic Eduardo Benot died months before the announcement.
Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize :
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
| 1 | Eduardo Benot Rodríguez (1822–1907) | Spain | poetry, drama, essays | Daniel de Cortázar Larrubia (1844–1927) |
| 2 | João Bonança (1836–1924) | Portugal | law, essays | Teófilo Braga (1843–1924) |
| 3 | Paul Bourget (1852–1935) | France | novel, short story, literary criticism, essays | René Bazin (1853–1932) |
| 4 | Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910) | United States | philosophy, theology, essays | Edwin Holt Hughes (1866–1950)Lemuel Herbert Murlin (1861–1935)William Henry Crawford (1855–1944)Albert Knudson (1873–1953) |
| 5 | Georg Brandes (1842–1927) | Denmark | literary criticism, essays | Troels Frederik Lund (1840–1921)Anatole France (1844–1924) |
| 6 | Angelo de Gubernatis (1840–1913) | Italy | drama, essays, philology, poetry | Francesco Lorenzo Pullè (1850–1934)Angelo Valdarnini (1847–1930)Paolo Boselli (1838–1932)Gaspare Finali (1829–1914)Tancredi Canonico (1828–1908) |
| 7 | Holger Drachmann (1846–1908) | Netherlands | poetry, drama | Harald Høffding (1843–1931) |
| 8 | Antonio Fogazzaro (1842–1911) | Italy | novel, poetry, short story | Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé (1848–1910) |
| 9 | Ángel Guimerá Jorge (1845–1924) | Spain | drama, poetry | Joaquim Miret i Sans (1858–1919) |
| 10 | Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) | Great Britain | short story, novel, poetry | Charles Oman (1860–1946) |
| 11 | Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940) | Sweden | novel, short story | Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930)Adolf Noreen (1854–1925)Gottfrid Billing (1841–1925) |
| 12 | Ian Maclaren (1850–1907) | Great Britain | short story, novel, theology, essays | Waldemar Rudin (1833–1921) |
| 13 | Andrés Manjón y Manjón (1846–1923) | Spain | pedagogy, theology, essays, law | Ángel Sánchez-Rubio Ibáñez (1852–1910) |
| 14 | Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo (1856–1912) | Spain | history, philosophy, philology, poetry, translation, literary criticism | Ángel Sánchez-Rubio Ibáñez (1852–1910) |
| 15 | George Meredith (1828–1909) | Great Britain | novel, poetry | Mary Augusta Ward (1851–1920) |
| 16 | John Morley (1838–1923) | Great Britain | biography, literary criticism, essays | 15 members of the Incorporated Society of Authors |
| 17 | Lewis Morris (1833–1907) | Great Britain | poetry, songwriting, essays | William Jackson (1838–1931)Herbert Warren (1853–1930)John Rhys (1840–1915) |
| 18 | George Lansing Raymond (1839–1929) | United States | essays, philosophy | Charles Needham (1848–1935) |
| 19 | Georgios Souris (1852–1919) | Kingdom of Greece | poetry, songwriting, essays | Nikolaos Levidis (1868–1942)Georgios Hatzidakis (1848–1941)9 members of the Greek Artists' Association |
| 20 | Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) | Great Britain | poetry, drama, literary criticism, novel | 28 members of the Incorporated Society of AuthorsCarl Bildt (1850–1931) |
| 21 | Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912) | Austria-Hungary ( Czechoslovakia) | poetry, drama, translation | Bohuslav Raýman (1852–1910)Josef Hlávka (1831–1908) |

### Prize decision

In 1907, the highly influential member of the Nobel committee Carl David af Wirsén advocated a prize for Algernon Charles Swinburne, but ultimately Wirsén chose to support Rudyard Kipling's candidacy as a way of blocking another strong candidate, Selma Lagerlöf, whose writing Wirsén disliked, from being awarded. Hence, Kipling was chosen by the Nobel Committee as the laureate.

## Reactions

The choice of Rudyard Kipling was very well received. Kipling was widely celebrated by both the Swedish press and public crowds when he arrived in Stockholm to accept the prize.

## Award Ceremony

At the award ceremony in Stockholm on 10 December 1907, the Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, Carl David af Wirsén, praised both Kipling and three centuries of English literature, saying:
   "The Swedish Academy, in awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature this year to Rudyard Kipling, desires to pay a tribute of homage to the literature of England, so rich in manifold glories, and to the greatest genius in the realm of narrative that that country has produced in our times."