# Zhaotong

Zhaotong (Chinese: 昭通) is a prefecture-level city located in the northeast corner of Yunnan province, China, bordering the provinces of Guizhou to the south and southeast and Sichuan to the northeast, north, and west.

## History

Zhaotong has historic and cultural links to the Shu (Sichuan basin) region. Yi people consider Zhaotong to be their homeland (called Zizipuwu). Zhaotong was part of Zhuti County (朱提縣) during Han to Tang dynasties. Zhaotong belonged to the Nanzhao then Dali Kingdom until the Mongols destroyed the latter in the 13th century. During the Yuan Dynasty, it became the Wumeng Commandery (乌蒙路), during which many Hui Muslims settled in the area. During the Qing dynasty, local tusi chieftains were removed, and the region was renamed Zhaotong Prefecture.

## Climate

Influenced by the low latitude and moderate elevation, Zhaotong has a temperate subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), with cool, dry winters, and warm, humid summers. Temperatures frequently drop below freezing at night in winter, though the days warm up to around 10 °C (50 °F). Conversely, in summer, average highs rise to 25 °C (77 °F). A great majority of the year's rainfall occurs from May to September.
Climate data for Zhaotong, elevation 1,950 m (6,400 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.9 (78.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.2 (88.2) | 33.6 (92.5) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.5 (88.7) | 33.3 (91.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 25.1 (77.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 33.6 (92.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) | 13.1 (55.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 17.7 (63.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 10.5 (50.9) | 18.8 (65.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 5.3 (41.5) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.4 (56.1) | 16.3 (61.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 3.7 (38.7) | 12.1 (53.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | 0.8 (33.4) | 4.2 (39.6) | 8.7 (47.7) | 12.0 (53.6) | 14.8 (58.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 15.8 (60.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 4.6 (40.3) | 0.1 (32.2) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.4 (16.9) | −8.7 (16.3) | −6.9 (19.6) | −2.7 (27.1) | −0.1 (31.8) | 7.4 (45.3) | 7.5 (45.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.6 (38.5) | −0.8 (30.6) | −5.5 (22.1) | −10.4 (13.3) | −10.4 (13.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.5 (0.33) | 9.6 (0.38) | 16.6 (0.65) | 29.3 (1.15) | 57.2 (2.25) | 128.3 (5.05) | 153.3 (6.04) | 125.2 (4.93) | 77.2 (3.04) | 55.1 (2.17) | 12.4 (0.49) | 5.3 (0.21) | 678 (26.69) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.4 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 12.7 | 17.7 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 15.2 | 14.1 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 131.8 |
| Average snowy days | 9.1 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 25.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 70 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 77 | 76 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 140.6 | 154.3 | 193.3 | 196.4 | 178.2 | 123.2 | 151.5 | 159.2 | 129.0 | 103.2 | 143.4 | 125.0 | 1,797.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 43 | 49 | 52 | 51 | 43 | 30 | 36 | 40 | 35 | 29 | 45 | 39 | 41 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China ||||||||||||||

## Population
### Demography

The prefecture, almost exclusively agricultural, is one of the poorest in China, which led the authorities to encourage young people to migrate to eastern and southern parts of China to find work. For the year 2003, the number of emigrants was 650,000.
The government wanted the number to increase by 50,000 in 2004.

### Religion

It is the seat of the Latin Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Zhaotong.

## Economy

The main industries in the prefecture are mining, tobacco and cement manufacturing
Zhaotong has some of the largest lignite sources in China. The 18,000-capacity Yuanbaoshan Stadium is also located in the city. It hosts many events, for example athletic events such as soccer matches.

### Transport

* Zhaotong Airport (ZAT), flight destination to Kunming, Chengdu, Chongqing, Beijing, Guiyang
* Train service to Kunming, Chengdu, Guangzhou
* Zhaotong is connected to the Chongqing-Kunming National Highway network.
* China National Highway 213
* G85 Yinchuan–Kunming Expressway
Zhaotong has several bridges over the Jinsha River, an upstream section of the Yangtze.

## Administrative divisions

Map :
| Zhaoyang Ludian County Qiaojia County Yanjin County Daguan County Yongshan County Suijiang County Zhenxiong County Yiliang County Weixin County Shuifu (city) ||||||
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Zhaoyang District | 昭阳区 | Zhāoyáng Qū | 787,845 | 2,240 | 352 |
| Shuifu city | 水富市 | Shuǐfù Shì | 102,143 | 319 | 320 |
| Ludian County | 鲁甸县 | Lǔdiàn Xiàn | 390,654 | 1,519 | 257 |
| Qiaojia County | 巧家县 | Qiǎojiā Xiàn | 516,349 | 3,245 | 159 |
| Yanjin County | 盐津县 | Yánjīn Xiàn | 369,881 | 2,096 | 176 |
| Daguan County | 大关县 | Dàguān Xiàn | 263,225 | 1,802 | 146 |
| Yongshan County | 永善县 | Yǒngshàn Xiàn | 394,267 | 2,833 | 139 |
| Suijiang County | 绥江县 | Suíjiāng Xiàn | 153,091 | 882 | 174 |
| Zhenxiong County | 镇雄县 | Zhènxióng Xiàn | 1,328,375 | 3,785 | 351 |
| Yiliang County | 彝良县 | Yíliáng Xiàn | 521,838 | 2,884 | 181 |
| Weixin County | 威信县 | Wēixìn Xiàn | 385,865 | 1,416 | 273 |

### Ethnicity

Among the resident population, the Han population is 4,683,478, accounting for 89.83% of the total population; the ethnic minorities population is 530,055, accounting for 10.17% of the total population.
Zhaotong Ethnic Composition (November 2010) :
| | Han | Hui | Miao | Yi | Bai | Zhuang | Buyi | Sui | Hani | Dai | Others |
| Population | 4683470 | 180962 | 172620 | 161527 | 6467 | 2943 | 2354 | 461 | 447 | 412 | 1858 |
| Proportion of total population (%) | 89.83 | 3.47 | 3.31 | 3.10 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Proportion of minority population (%) | --- | 34.14 | 32.57 | 30.47 | 1.22 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.35 |