OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valeriepieris circle

A Valeriepieris circle is a figure drawn on the Earth's surface such that the majority of the human population lives within its interior. The concept was originally popularized by a map posted on Reddit in 2013, made by a Texas ESL teacher named Ken Myers, whose username on the site gave the figure its name. Myers's original circle covers only about 10% of the Earth's total surface area, with a radius of around 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles), centered in the South China Sea. The map became a popular meme, and was featured in numerous internet media outlets. Myers's original map uses the Winkel tripel projection, which means that his circle, not having been adjusted to the projection, does not correspond to a circle on the surface of a sphere.
In 2015, Singaporean professor Danny Quah—with the aid of an intern named Ken Teoh—verified Myers's original claim, as well as presenting a new, considerably smaller circle centered on the township of Mong Khet in Myanmar, with a radius of 3,300 kilometers (2,050 mi). In fact, Quah claimed this circle to be the smallest one possible, having been produced from more rigorous calculations and updated data, as well as being a proper circle on the Earth's surface.
In 2022, Myers's original circle was again tested by Riaz Shah, a professor at Hult International Business School. Shah used recently published data from the United Nations' World Population Prospects to estimate that 4.2 billion people lived inside the circle as of 2022, out of a total human population of 8 billion.
The Valeriepieris circle is densely populated, given that one third of it is ocean. Additionally, the circle includes desolate regions of Siberia, Mongolia, the world’s least densely populated country, and the Himalayas.
Myers's idea has been formalized and a Valeriepieris circle can be defined for any spatial area, like a single country. These generalised Valeriepieris circles can be used for studying population changes over time, dimensional reduction and measuring population centralization.
# Urban Planning College

The College of Urban Planning (French: Ecole superieure d'amenagement et d'urbanisme) is a public university in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was founded in the 1960s through a bilateral agreement between the Ethiopian and French governments.

## Overview

It was intended to train higher technicians serving Ethiopian cities. In the early years of its establishment, French was the medium of instruction, which was later taught as a credited course. The college was known for its unique multi-disciplinary training in architecture, urban planning and civil engineering.
In 1996, it was merged with the Ethiopian Civil Service University and renamed as the Faculty of Urban Studies. Since then, the faculty has organized itself under the Ethiopian Civil Service University to continue its central role in the development of Ethiopian urban centers.
# Cheduba Island

Cheduba Island (Burmese: မာန်အောင်ကျွန်း; also known as Manaung Island) is an island in the Bay of Bengal close to Ramree Island and belongs to Myanmar, formerly Burma. It has a maximum length of 33 km (21 mi), with an area of approximately 523 km$^2$ (202 sq mi). It belongs to Taungup District of Rakhine state.
Cheduba had a population of 63,761 as of 1983, composed chiefly of Burmese and Arakanese peoples. The main economic activities on the island are farming and cattle raising.

## Geography

Cheduba Island lies about 10 km (6 mi) from the southwestern coast of Ramree Island. It is located between 18° 40′ and 18° 56′ N. lat., and between 93° 31′ and 93° 50′ E. long. The terrain of the island is quite flat with scattered moderate elevations. The highest point 205 metres (673 ft) is on a ridge in the southwestern part of the island.
There are 5 villages connected by a road that circles the island: Owa, Thitpon, Manaung, Budaunggwe, Sachet and Meinmangwe. There is an airfield west of Manaung, the main village of Cheduba, located on the northeast coast. Manaung is linked to the village of Kyaukpyu on nearby Ramree Island by steamer.
Most of the vegetation is tropical rainforest. There are mud cones that emit steam and sulfurous fumes on the island, which indicate some volcanic activity. There are also seepages of oil and gas.

### Nearby islands

* Taik Kyun is a 1.4 km (0.9 mi) wide roughly round islet located 6 km (4 mi) off the eastern coast, about 5.8 km (3.6 mi) north of Ye Kyun.
* Ye Kyun is a 6.8 km (4.2 mi) long and 2.4 km (1.5 mi) wide island located off the southeastern end of Cheduba Island, separated from it by a 7.8 km (4.8 mi) wide strait with numerous detached reefs. Highest point 32 metres (105 ft).
* Taung Kyun is a 0.4 km (0.2 mi) long low islet located 1.8 km (1.1 mi) off the southern end of Ye Kyun. Highest point 4.9 metres (16 ft).

### Other islands in the vicinity

* Unguan is a 1 km (0.6 mi) long and 0.4 km (0.2 mi) wide islet located 33 km (21 mi) to the southeast of Cheduba's southern end.
* Nantha Kyun is a roughly 2 km (1.2 mi) wide round island located 36 km (22 mi) off the mainland coast, about 45 km (28 mi) SSE of Unguan. Highest point 112 metres (367 ft).

## History

Cheduba Island was a stop on the coastal trade route from Bengal by which Indian civilization migrated to Myanmar.
Historical records show that an earthquake of a magnitude of 8.5 to 9.0 hit off the western coast of Myanmar in April 1762, and reports speculated that a tsunami could kill more than one million people in Myanmar and Bangladesh. In 1881, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake in the Bay of Bengal caused "broad massive flames of fire" to be emitted on the island. In the 1780s, after the Burmese conquest of the area, Cheduba became a province of Arakan. Cheduba was captured in 1824 by the British, whose possession of it was confirmed in 1826 by the Treaty of Yandabo concluded with the Burmese. The island, along with many other islands in the area, was evacuated and occupied by the Japanese during World War II. An earthquake in 1858 caused an island nearby to disappear.
# Republic (fintech)

Republic is a global financial firm operating an enterprise-focused digital merchant bank and a network of retail-focused investment platforms. Backed by Morgan Stanley, Valor Equity Partners, Galaxy Interactive, Hashed, AngelList and other leading institutions, Republic boasts a portfolio of over 2,500 companies and a community of 3 million members from over 150 countries. More than $2.6 billion has been deployed through investment platforms, funds, and firms within the Republic family of companies. It is headquartered in New York City and has operations in the US, the UK, the EU, the UAE, South Korea, and Singapore.
Republic is known for opening new asset classes to investors of all types with a particular emphasis on using tokenization to expand access and liquidity.

## History

Republic was founded by Kendrick Nguyen, Paul Menchov and Peter Green in 2016 as a spin-off from AngelList. By July 2021, the company had deployed over $500 million in investments.
In November 2020, Republic launched the Republic Cities program in Dallas to fundraise for companies in Dallas from the local community.
In 2021, Everyrealm (at the time, Republic Realm), formerly a metaverse real estate investment channel of Republic, purchased a parcel of virtual land in Decentraland for close to one million US dollars. The lot has turned into a virtual shopping district and houses JPMorgan's lounge.
Republic has its own profit-sharing digital security token, the Republic Note, but has not minted the tokens or made any new developments since launching.
In October 2021, Republic announced a $150M Series B round led by Valor Equity Partners.
Republic Capital, its venture arm, has invested in companies including Carta, Dapper Labs, Klarna, Kraken, Pipe, and Plaid.

## Acquisitions

In June 2019, Republic acquired SheWorx, a company that helps female entrepreneurs raise capital. Lisa Wang – the founder – subsequently left Republic.
In April 2020, Republic acquired Fig, a video game crowdfunding platform. The first offering from Fig that was co-hosted by Republic was that of Intellivision Amico. Despite its fundraising success – to the tune of $39 million across multiple campaigns (including one on competitor site StartEngine) – it has faced multiple delays and remained in development until July 2022.
In June 2020, Republic made an acqui-hire for Compound, a real estate investment platform to create Republic Realm. However, the division later spun off and rebranded as Everyrealm. In October 2022, a sexual harassment and racial discrimination lawsuit was filed against Everyrealm and Republic.
In November 2020, Republic acquired certain assets of NextSeed, a local crowdfunding platform.
In December 2021, Republic entered into an agreement to acquire British equity crowdfunding business Seedrs for $100 million in an effort to expand to Europe. This acquisition faced pushback from regulatory bodies and the Seedrs investor base, citing preferential treatment given to large shareholders.
In April 2024, Republic Announces Acquisition of GoldenChain, the Digital Asset Arm of GoldenTree Asset Management.
# Clathrina macleayi

Clathrina macleayi is a species of calcareous sponge from Australia.
# Clathrina parva

Clathrina parva is a species of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae, found off the Queensland coast of Australia.
# Clathrina pulcherrima

Clathrina pulcherrima is a species of calcareous sponge from Australia. It was described by Arthur Dendy in 1891.
# Oyebamiji

OyebamijiOyebamiji.ogg is of Yoruba origin, a language and ethnic group in southwestern Nigeria. Its meaning can be broken down as follows: "Oye" means ("honor," "dignity," or "title.") while"Bamiji" mean "has come to me" or ("has arrived to me."). Oyebamiji roughly translates to ("Honor has come to me" or "Dignity has arrived" or "Honour woke up with me"). It signifies the arrival or presence of honor and prestige in the life of the individual.

## Notable person with the name

Bola Oyebamiji, Nigerian politician and banker
# Wei Xiong

Wei Xiong (Chinese: 熊伟; pinyin: Xióng Weǐ, is a Chinese economist currently the John H. Scully '66 Professor in Finance and Professor of Economics at Princeton University. He also serves as the Academic Dean of School of Management and Economics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen.

## Education

In 1993, Xiong received his B.S. in physics from the University of Science and Technology of China. He then received his M.A. in physics from Columbia University in 1995 and his Ph.D. in finance from Duke University in 2001.
# Dactylia varia

Dactylia varia is a species of sponge in the family Callyspongiidae.
They are omnivores. They also reproduce sexually.
It has been found near New Zealand and Australia.
# Ashton Heights Historic District

Ashton Heights Historic District is a national historic district located in Arlington County, Virginia. Today, the Ashton Height Historic District contains 1,097 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structure in a residential neighborhood in North Arlington.

## History

The Ashton Heights Historic District was once owned by Major Bushrod Hunter (b. 1807). Hunter also owned Brookdale and Abingdon Plantation, now Reagan National Airport, near the Pentagon and Arlington National Cemetery. The area was first platted and subdivided in 1921. The dwelling styles include a variety of architectural styles, Single-family dwellings built prior to 1950, primarily in the Bungalow / Craftsman and Colonial Revival styles, dominate the neighborhood, with some notable earlier Queen Anne style dwellings. The district includes a number of multiple-family apartment buildings, three churches, the Women's Club of Ashton Heights, and Columbia Gardens Cemetery. Also located in the district is the separately listed Clarendon School.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
* ↑ "Virginia Landmarks Register". Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2013.
* ↑ Kristie Baynard; Gerald M. Maready & Laura V. Trieschmann (August 2002). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Ashton Heights Historic District" (PDF). and Accompanying four photos and Accompanying map Archived 2012-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
* This article about a property in Arlington County, Virginia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# LE (text editor)

LE is a text editor which appears something like the Norton Editor, but has many additional features:
* Rectangle select/copy/paste (block type is switchable)
* Search/replace with regular expressions
* Filtering block contents through an external program
* Linear multilevel undo/redo
* Customizable menus
* Color syntax highlighting (using regular expressions in an external file)
* Handles UTF-8 characters, based on locale settings
* Customizable keymaps for different terminal types (associating either literal strings or terminfo capability names)
* Hexadecimal editing mode
* Editing of mmap'd files or devices in replace mode
* Frame drawing mode (first seen in Lexicon)
* File selection box (inspired by Turbo C)
* Built-in postfix calculator.
It uses ncurses for display, mouse and part of the keyboard handling. The application has a built-in table of key assignments for xterm, rxvt and some less familiar terminal types.

## History

According to the HISTORY file in its sources, Alexander V. Lukyanov started writing it in 1993 while using a BESTA machine. Over the next four years, he rewrote it into C++, and published it in 1997 under the GNU General Public License.
# Qian

Qian may refer to:
* Cash (Chinese coin), a circular copper coin with a square hole in the center used from the 4th century BCE to the 20th century CE
* Guizhou, abbreviated as Qián (黔), province of China
* Mace (unit), or Qian, one of the Chinese units of measurement, equal to 5g
* Qian (hexagram), the first hexagram of the I Ching
* Qian (mass), a Chinese unit of weight (钱 / 錢)
* Qian (surname), a Chinese surname (钱 / 錢)
* Qian County, in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
* Qian Mountains, mountain range in Northeast China
# Emu Bay Railway 10 class

The Emu Bay Railway 10 class are a class of diesel-hydraulic locomotives built by Walkers Limited, Maryborough for the Emu Bay Railway between 1963 and 1966.

## History

In 1961, the Emu Bay Railway placed an order for three diesel-hydraulic locomotives with Tulloch. However before they were built, Tullochs entered administration and the order was transferred to Walkers Limited. All were delivered in August 1963.
A fourth was assembled at the Tasmanian Government Railways’ Launceston Railway Workshops in April 1966.
In 1969/70, the pneumatic control gear was replaced with electro-pneumatic equipment to allow the class to operate in multiple with the 11 class. Between 1980 and 1992 all were repowered with the Caterpillar D398B as fitted to the 11 class.
All were included in the April 1998 sale of the Emu Bay Railway to the Australian Transport Network. Following the June 2000 closure of the Hellyer Mine, all were stored and disposed of to preservation organisations.

## Status table

| Number | Builder’s number | Owner |
| 1001 | 576/1963 | Walhalla Goldfields Railway |
| 1002 | 577/1963 | Don River Railway |
| 1003 | 578/1963 | Zig Zag Railway |
| 1004 | | Zig Zag Railway |
# 2017 Supercopa de Chile

The 2017 Supercopa de Chile was the fourth edition of this championship organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP).
The match was played between the 2016-17 Primera División Best-Champions Universidad Católica, and the 2016 Copa Chile Winners Colo-Colo.

## Road to the final

The two teams that contested the Supercopa were Universidad Católica, that qualified as Apertura 2016-17 Champion and the Best Champion in the accumulated table, and Colo-Colo, that qualified for the match as the winner of the 2016 Copa Chile, defeating Everton 4:0 at the Estadio Nacional.
| Universidad Católica | Colo-Colo |
| Apertura 2016-17 Champion and Best-Champion | Winner of the 2016 Copa Chile |
# Bothrops pubescens

Bothrops pubescens is a species of venomous snake in the family Viperidae. It is found in Brazil and Uruguay. Its diet is comprised small mammals (56.2 percent of individual prey found), anurans (21.2%), lizards (7.5%), and birds (5.0%). Their prey to predator mass ratio ranges from 0.002 to 0.627. They tend to live in disturbed areas and mainly those close to forest.
# Spare parts management

Service parts management is the main component of a complete strategic service management process that companies use to ensure that right spare part and resources are at the right place (where the broken part is) at the right time.
Spare parts, are extra parts that are available and in proximity to a functional item, such as an automobile, boat, engine, for which they might be used for repair.

## Economic considerations

Spare parts are sometimes considered uneconomical since:
* the parts might never be used
* the parts might not be stored properly, leading to defects
* maintaining inventory of spare parts has associated costs
* parts may not be available when needed from a supplier
But without the spare part on hand, a company's customer satisfaction levels could drop if a customer has to wait too long for their item to be fixed. Therefore, companies need to plan and align their service parts inventory and workforce resources to achieve optimal customer satisfaction levels with minimal costs.

## User considerations

The user of the item, which might require the parts, may overlook the economic considerations because:
* the expense is not the user's but the supplier's
* of a known high rate of failure of certain equipment
* of delays in getting the part from a vendor or a supply room, resulting in machine outage
* to have the parts on hand requires less "paperwork" when the parts are suddenly needed
* of the mental comfort it provides to the user in knowing the parts are on-hand when needed
* The parts are un-economic to be repaired i.e. it's cheaper to discard than to get it repaired

## Cost-effect compromise

In many cases where the item is not stationary, a compromise is reached between cost and statistical probability. Some examples:
* an automobile carries a less-functional "donut" tire as replacement instead of a functionally equivalent tire.
* a member of a household buys extra light bulbs since it is probable that one of the lights in the house will eventually burn out and require replacement.
* a computer user will purchase a ream of computer paper instead of a sheet at a time.
* a race car team will bring another engine to the race track "just in case".
* a ship carries "spare parts" for its engine in case of breakdown at sea.

## Measures of effectiveness

The effectiveness of spares inventory can be measured by metrics such as fill rate and availability of the end item.
# The Gospel Hummingbirds

The Gospel Hummingbirds are an American gospel music group from Oakland, California.
The group was founded in the 1970s by the father of Joe A. Thomas, who now sings lead vocals and plays bass in the group. They released two albums on Blind Pig Records in the 1990s, one of which (Steppin' Out) was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album.

## Members

* Joe Thomas - (former member, deceased)
* Joe A. Thomas - (former member)
* Roy Tyler - (former member, deceased)
* Josh Lowrey - (former member, deceased)
* Clarence Nichols - (former member, deceased)
* James Gibson, Jr.
* Mark Smith, Sr. - (former member)
* Timothy Bell - (former member)
* Herbert James - (former member)
* Morris LeGrande
* Gerald Dayce
* Charles Holland

## Discography

* Route 66 To Heaven (Evans Music, 1981)
* Steppin' Out (Blind Pig Records, 1992)
* Taking Flight (Blind Pig, 1995)
* Live in Paradise (Gospel Hummingbirds Records 2003)
* Life Songs (Gospel Hummingbirds Records 2006)
# The Islamic Academy

The Islamic Academy for Peace (Arabic: الأكاديمية الإسلامية للسلام ) is a private Islamic elementary and middle school, with grades Daycare, PreK–8 in Methuen, Massachusetts. It had its beginnings in 2001, with a few teachers and a handful of students. Today, the school has grown to have a staff of teachers and over 150 students. The school plans to expand to include a high school..
Each day, children pray the mid-day prayer at school. Salat-ul-Jumu'ah, or the Friday prayers, are attended by the upper-grade students at the Selimiye Camii Mosque, located within walking distance.

## Background

The school was founded in 2001 by The school was founded by Shaban Catalbas, who has a granddaughter named Zehra Catalbas attending 7th grade. It is located at 125 Oakland Ave, Methuen, Massachusetts.

## Ratings

TIA has been rated by many school rating companies, such as Great Schools, Education.com, and Private School Review.

### Hajj Re-enactment Day, 2007

The Hajj Re-enactment Day of 2007 was covered by the local press, in a feature program, "Sounds of the Season". An exclusive video can be found at the school's site.

### Jowdy World Knowledge Challenge

TIA takes part in an annual world geography competition held at the Lawrence Public Library.
| Year | Rank |
| 2007 | First |
| 2008 | |
| 2009 | Second |
| 2010 | Second |
| 2011 | Second |
| 2012 | First |
| 2013 | First |
# Órgiva

Órgiva (pronounced) is a Spanish town municipality in comarca of Alpujarra Granadina (which is located within the larger Alpujarras region) in the province of Granada, Andalusia. It has a population of around 6,000 and lies in the Alpujarra valley between the Sierra de Lújar and Sierra Nevada.

## Overview

In recent years it has become a popular tourist destination for those visiting the Alpujarras, and the town is often described as "the gateway" to this area. Bus services connect Órgiva to the coast and Málaga, to Lanjarón and the provincial capital Granada, and to the villages of the Alpujarras. A large market is held on Thursdays. The town is host to a newly opened municipal swimming pool and football pitch. There are three well known alternative communities in the area, the most famous being Beneficio.

## Gallery

* Town centre
* A sculpture of Don Quijote, the famous creation of Cervantes, in Orgiva.
* Statue of Lorca and Falla, Órgiva
# Bache-Martin Elementary School

The Bache-Martin Elementary School is a pre-kindergarten to eighth grade school which is located in the Fairmount neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is part of the School District of Philadelphia. The school campus comprises two distinct buildings along 22nd Street, both of which were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## Bache School

The Alexander Dallas Bache School was designed by Lloyd Titus and built between 1905 and 1906. It is a three-story, L-shaped, stone building, which was created in the Romanesque-style. It features a central projecting gable elaborate arched window. It is named for Philadelphia native Alexander Dallas Bache (1806–1867), an American physicist, scientist and surveyor.

## Martin School

The Martin School, formerly known as the Martin Orthopedic School, also formerly known as Willis & Elizabeth Martin Orthopedic School, was designed by Irwin T. Catharine and built between 1936 and 1937. It is a one-story, ten-bay, brick and limestone building, which was designed in the Georgian Revival-style. It features a central projecting pedimented portico with Corinthian order columns and a bell tower. It was the first school in the Philadelphia school system for physically handicapped students.