# United Transitional Cabinet of Belarus

The United Transitional Cabinet of Belarus (Belarusian: Аб’яднаны пераходны кабінет Беларусі, romanized: Abjadnany pierachodny kabiniet Biełarusi) is a government in exile for Belarus that was formed in August 2022.

## Creation

Following the disputed 2020 Belarusian presidential election, opposition forces, led by presidential candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya formed a Coordination Council to facilitate a transition to democracy in the country. Tsikhanouskaya and several other members of the council were forced to leave Belarus or were placed under arrest during protests that broke out following the election.
The United Transitional Cabinet was formed on 9 August 2022 during a two-day conference in Vilnius after members of the Belarusian opposition requested Tsikhanouskaya to form "a united interim government".

## Aims and guidelines

The stated aims of the United Transitional Cabinet are as follows:
* "Defend the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Belarus, represent the national interests of Belarus."
* "Carry out the de facto de-occupation of Belarus."
* "Restore constitutional legality and the rule of law."
* "Develop and implement measures to thwart the illegal retention of power, ensure the transit of power from dictatorship to democracy, and create conditions for fair and free elections."
* "Develop and implement the solutions needed to secure a democratic change in Belarus."

## Activities

In August 2022, activities of the Cabinet included the preparation of legal documents to define structures, responsibilities, decision-making methods, and selection of staff. During a meeting with European Parliament President Roberta Metsola, Tsikhanouskaya announced plans for the Cabinet to issue alternative passports for Belarusians in 2024.
The Cabinet issued some awards:
* the Cross of Good Neighbourhood (Belarusian: Крыж добрасуседства, romanized: Kryž dobrasusiedstva, Russian: Крест добрососедства, romanized: Krest dobrososedstva) - to be awarded to outstanding individuals who significantly help the cause of Belarusians. Recipients include Roberta Metsola, Stefan Eriksson and Þórdís Gylfadóttir.
* the Medal of Honor and Dignity - posthumously awarded to families of Belarusian soldiers fighting for Ukraine.

## Reaction

The European Parliament passed a resolution welcoming the formation of the United Transitional Cabinet on 24 November 2022.
The European Union did not recognise Lukashenko’s claimed victory in the 2020 presidential election in Belarus stating that "These elections were neither free nor fair. The European Union considers their results falsified and therefore does not recognise the election results announced by the Central Election Commission of Belarus.
Some leaders of the democratic movement in Belarus, including former presidential candidates, have not recognised the United Transitional Cabinet. Their main arguments are that no one elected the cabinet members, and therefore in their opinion the UTC does not represent the people. One former presidential candidate of 2010, Andrei Sannikov, called the members of the cabinet "impostors". Another former presidential candidate for 2020 Valery Tsepkalo stated that both Tsikhanouskaya's office, the Cabinet and the Coordination Council are "fake structures", "appointed by one person", because the Belarusian people did not participate in choosing the members of these structures and did not authorise them to develop programs. They claim that many members of the cabinet are unknown in Belarus.
On 30 August 2022, the KGB designated the Cabinet as an extremist group. A few months later, the Cabinet's Telegram channel was added to the list of extremist materials.

## Members

Membership of the Cabinet is for a term of six months. The former and current members of the transitional cabinet are as follows:
| Portfolio | Name | Dates |
| Head | Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | 9 Aug 2022–present |
| Deputy Head and Representative for the Transfer of Power | Pavel Latushko | 9 Aug 2022–present |
| Deputy Head and Representative for Foreign Affairs | Valery Kavaleuski | 9 Aug 2022–26 June 2024 |
| Deputy Head and Representative for Foreign Affairs | Vladzimir Astapenka (Deputy Representative for Foreign Affairs) | September 2022–present |
| Representative for Law and Order | Aliaksandr Azarau | 9 Aug 2022–6 Aug 2023 |
| Representative for Defence and National Security | Valery Sakhashchyk | 9 Aug 2022–Aug 2024 |
| Representative for Defence and National Security | Vadzim Kabanchuk | 4 Aug 2024–present |
| Representative for Finance and Economy | Tatsiana Zaretskaya | 9 Sep–2 Nov 2022 |
| Representative for National Revival | Alina Koushyk | 16 Sep 2022–present |
| Representative for Social Issues | Volha Harbunova | 26 December 2022–present |
| Representative for Youth Policy | Marharyta Vorychava | 4 Aug 2024–present |
| Notes: ↑ Resigned. ||||

### Cabinet reshuffles

By 2023, the Belarusian Coordination Council had started taking a role as a proto-parliament. In August 2023 it exercised the principle of separation of powers by withdrawing confidence in Aliaksandr Azarau as Representative for Law and Order. Tsikhanouskaya accepted the Council's decision and Azarau was dismissed from the Cabinet.