OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Green Hill (Long Island, Virginia)

Green Hill is a historic plantation house and national historic district located near Long Island, Campbell County, Virginia. The main house is a two-story, five-bay, brick structure with a gable roof, modillioned cornice and two interior end chimneys. The one-story rear ell was built about 1800. The interior features fine woodwork. Also on the property are a contributing frame outbuilding with a partially enclosed shed porch, a brick duck house, an ice house, a kitchen, stone laundry, a frame slave quarters, frame kitchen with stone chimney, mounting block, two log barns, the ruins of a rather large stone stable, and a large tobacco barn.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.
# Tíjola

Tíjola is a municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It borders the municipalities of Lúcar, Armuña de Almanzora, Bayarque and Serón.

## History

Tíjola has been settled since prehistoric times, noted by found remains in the area. In antiquity, Tíjola was the Phoenician colony of Tagilit (Phoenician: 𐤕‬𐤂𐤋𐤕‬, TGLT, or 𐤕‬𐤂𐤋𐤉𐤕‬, TGLYT). Later, the Carthaginians colonized the territory attracted by the silver minerals in the region. The Romans came after, calling the area "Tagili", of which there are three Roman villas around the region.
During the Muslim period, during the times of Abd al-Rahman I in the 8th century, the fortress of Tachola was in the region, and by the reign of Abd al-Rahman III in the 10th century the fortress-city was called "Tájela", and later maps of the Kingdom of Granada assign it the name "Texora", and after the reconquest was known as "Tixora".
# Indxx

Indxx, Inc. is a global diversified financial services firm. Founded in 2005 by Mexx Co-founder PK Sen Sharma, the company has offices in New Delhi, India; New York, USA; Miami, USA and Prague, Czech Republic. It currently has over 100 employees spread across four main business groups: Indxx Indices, Custom Indices, Client Indices and Equity Basket Calculation.
The firm specializes in the development and publishing of proprietary custom indices, which are licensed to financial intermediaries worldwide. Indxx indices are currently used as benchmarks for exchange-traded funds, SMAs, and other financial products.

## Main Business Groups

* Indxx Indices: Unique index concepts developed fully in-house, by Indxx, and offered for license for passive products. Recent examples of this include the Indxx Blockchain Index, and Indxx Disruptive Technologies Index.
* Custom Indices: Indices built, upon request, for the exclusive use of a client by Indxx’s index development team. Recent examples of this include the Indxx Global Robotics & Artificial Intelligence Thematic Index and Indxx Artificial Intelligence & Big Data Index.
* Client Indices: In contrast to the Indxx Indices or Custom Indices services, where index development is driven by Indxx, the Client Indices service is for clients who know the exact methodology they want. Indxx’s team then codes, builds and backtests the index based on the client’s instructions. Common coding languages utilized include Python, MATLAB, and others.
* Equity Basket Calculation: Best utilized by clients who seek to run their own equity index methodologies and simply provide Indxx with the index names and weights.

## History

Indxx started its operations in 2005, and was initially engaged in the development of indices that served as internal benchmarks for existing investment funds. Indxx entered the ETF market in 2009 and the first two ETFs based on Indxx indices were launched on NYSE in 2010; this number reached 16 in March 2016, with many additional products being prepared for launch. This number exceeded 90 products as of December, 2020.
* 2010: First two ETFs tracking Indxx indices launched on the NYSE.
* 2013: Launched 3rd party index back testing, administration and calculation services.
* 2017: Total assets under management of exchange traded products tracking Indxx indices crossed $1 billion. Indxx expanded its geographical presence and had the first ETF tracking one of its indices launched in the Middle East.
* 2018: Indxx entered new markets by launching products in Europe, Canada, and Australia.
* 2019: Total assets under management of exchange traded products tracking Indxx indices exceeds $5 billion.
* 2020: Launched the ESG Index Series and Benchmark Index Series. Total assets under management of exchange traded products tracking Indxx indices exceeds $10 billion.
As of March 2022, indices which were developed by Indxx were tied to various financial products and tracked assets of over $22 billion.
# Fynbo

Fynbo is a semi-hard Danish cheese named after the inhabitants of the island of Fyn.
Fynbo cheese has a flavor of buckwheat and is processed with a combination of mesophilic and thermophilic bacterial cultures. Experiments with secondary proteolysis of Fynbo have helped to identify an important peptide produced during cheese ripening, αs1-casein (f1-23).

## In popular culture

Fynbo cheese was mentioned in Monty Python's Cheese Shop sketch.
# LL Aquarii

LL Aquarii is an eclipsing binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius, abbreviated LL Aqr. At peak brightness it has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 9.23, which is too dim to be visible to the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 447 light years from the Sun. The system is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of about −10 km/s.

## Observations

In 1996, this star was found to be an Algol-type eclipsing binary based on photometric observations made with the Hipparcos space observatory. It was assigned the variable-star designation LL Aqr in 1999. This is a detached system forming a double-lined spectroscopic binary. In 2004, a more extensive light curve showed an eccentric orbit with a period of 20.1784 days. During the primary eclipse, the system dropped to magnitude 9.86, while the secondary eclipse showed a magnitude of 9.59. The first orbital elements were published in 2008, showing an orbital eccentricity of 0.3095 with a mass ratio of 0.86. Stellar models indicated the stars are near the mid point of their main sequence lifetimes.
The more massive member of the system, the primary component, has a stellar classification of F9 V, matching an F-type main-sequence star. It has 19.5% more mass than the Sun and a 32% greater girth. This star is radiating 2.15 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 6,080 K. It is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 3.5±0.5 km/s. The metallicity, or abundance of elements with mass greater than helium, is very nearly Sun-like.
The secondary component is considered a solar twin, which means its properties are close to Sun-like. It is a G-type main-sequence star with a class of G3 V. Neither member of the system shows signs of stellar activity, being slowly rotating and not emitting X-rays. Tidal effects between the two stars is negligible; they have an orbital separation of 40.7 times the radius of the Sun.
# Civic Center Historic District (Kenosha, Wisconsin)

The Civic Center Historic District is a group of six large Neoclassical Revival buildings around Civic Center Park in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States, reflecting the city's history as Kenosha County seat.

## History

In the 1900s, the City Beautiful movement gained national recognition. As a result, cities like Kenosha, Wisconsin sought to develop aesthetically pleasant town centers. After World War I ended, Kenosha officials appointed a committee to establish a city plan. In 1922, Kenosha citizens voted to approve this plan, part of which was to develop a new town center. Harland Bartholomew was commissioned to submit a city plan, which he submitted in 1925.
Like many centers developed in the wake of City Beautiful, the civic district is largely Neoclassical in design. Kenosha native Joseph Lindl, in association with Charles Lesser and Albert Schutte, designed the Kenosha County Courthouse and Jail, which was completed in 1925. The Kenosha High School, planned by school design specialist Charles D. Chubb, was completed a year later. The Loyal Order of Moose built a clubhouse at the corner of 56th Street and Tenth Avenue. They used the building until 1943; it is now the Kenosha County Administration building, utilized for departments dealing with vital records. The final two buildings of the district were added in 1933. The former United States Post Office, constructed in 1909 in another part of the city, was moved to the civic district. Designed by Supervising Architect James Knox Taylor, the building was re-purposed as the Kenosha Public Museum. The last building constructed in the district was a new post office on Sheridan Road.
On July 26, 1989, the National Park Service recognized the district with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The courthouse and jail was listed individually in 1982.
# Asabiyyah

'Asabiyyah (Arabic: عصبيّة, romanized: ʿaṣabiyya, also 'asabiyya, 'group feeling' or 'social cohesion') is a concept of social solidarity with an emphasis on unity, group consciousness, and a sense of shared purpose and social cohesion, originally used in the context of tribalism and clanism. In the modern period, it is generally analogous to solidarity. However, it is often negatively associated because it can sometimes suggest nationalism or partisanship, i.e., loyalty to one's group regardless of circumstances.
The concept was familiar in the pre-Islamic era, but became popularized in Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah, in which it is described as the fundamental bond of human society and the basic motive force of history, pure only in its nomadic form. Ibn Khaldun argued that asabiyya is cyclical and directly relevant to the rise and fall of civilizations: it is strongest at the start of a civilization, declines as the civilization advances, and then another more compelling asabiyyah eventually takes its place to help establish a different civilization.

## Overview

Ibn Khaldun describes asabiyya as the bond of cohesion among humans in a group-forming community. The bond exists at any level of civilization, from nomadic society to states and empires. Asabiyyah is strongest in the nomadic phase, and decreases as civilization advances. As this declines, another more compelling asabiyyah may take its place; thus, civilizations rise and fall, and history describes these cycles as they play out.
Ibn Khaldun argued that some dynasty (or civilization) has within itself the seeds of its own downfall. He explains that ruling houses tend to emerge on the peripheries of existing empires and use the much stronger asabiyya present in their areas to their advantage, in order to bring about a change in leadership. This implies that the new rulers are at first considered 'barbarians' in comparison to the previous ones. As they establish themselves at the center of their empire, they become increasingly lax, less coordinated, disciplined and watchful, and more concerned with maintaining their new power and lifestyle. Their asabiyya dissolves into factionalism and individualism, diminishing their capacity as a political unit. Conditions are thus created wherein a new dynasty can emerge at the periphery of their control, grow strong, and effect a change in leadership, continuing the cycle. Ibn Khaldun also further states in the Muqaddimah that "dynasties have a natural life span like individuals", and that no dynasty generally lasts beyond three generations of about 40 years each.
# Codification (linguistics)

In linguistics, codification is the social process of a language's natural variation being reduced and features becoming more fixed or subject to prescriptive rules. Codification is a precursor to standardization: the development of a standard variety of a language.
Codifying a language can vary from case to case and depends on the stage of standardization that might have already occurred naturally. It typically means to develop a writing system, set up normative rules for grammar, orthography, pronunciation, and usage of vocabulary as well as publish grammar books, dictionaries and similar guidelines. In cases where several variants exist for a specific aspect, e.g. different ways of spelling a word, decisions on which variant is going to be the standard one have to be made.
In some countries such codification is done by a body constituted by the state, such as the Académie française. Codification often happens due to new inventions, changes in values or other cultural influences. After the process of decolonialization, many African states had to decide whether they wanted to keep the colonial language or chose one (or more) of their indigenous language varieties as official languages, which made language planning necessary.
In a well-known model of language planning by Einar Haugen, codification is only the second step. Step one is the selection process, step three is the implementation of the changes in society and step four is the elaboration of vocabulary (especially technical terms). In the process of language planning, two major levels exist: corpus planning and status planning (Heinz Kloss). Codification is part of the corpus planning of a language, because the "body" of the language itself is being planned as opposed to status planning, where the prestige and usage of a language is enhanced:
* Corpus planning: Codification of a language (step 2); elaborating its functions to meet language needs (step 4)
* Status planning: Selection of a language (step 1); implementing its functions by spreading it (step 3)
Whether the codification is successful depends heavily on its acceptance by the population as well as its form of implementation by the government, e.g. promoting its prestige and spread, teaching the codified norm in school and language courses, and so on.
# Zhytkavichy

Zhytkavichy (Belarusian: Жыткавічы; Russian: Житковичи, romanized: Zhitkovichi; Polish: Żydkowicze) is a town in Gomel Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Zhytkavichy District. As of 2024, it has a population of 15,950.

## History

Zhytkavichy was first mentioned in 1500.

## Climate

Climate data for Zhytkavichy (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 28.7 (83.7) | 31.5 (88.7) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 21.7 (71.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 7.6 (45.7) | 32.4 (90.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) | 0.9 (33.6) | 6.4 (43.5) | 14.7 (58.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.0 (77.0) | 19.1 (66.4) | 12.3 (54.1) | 5.1 (41.2) | 0.5 (32.9) | 12.8 (55.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.5 (25.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | 1.8 (35.2) | 8.7 (47.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 17.9 (64.2) | 19.6 (67.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | −2.0 (28.4) | 8.0 (46.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) | −5.6 (21.9) | −2.2 (28.0) | 3.2 (37.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.0 (53.6) | 14.0 (57.2) | 12.7 (54.9) | 8.1 (46.6) | 3.5 (38.3) | −0.2 (31.6) | −4.2 (24.4) | 3.6 (38.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −17.9 (−0.2) | −11.9 (10.6) | −4.5 (23.9) | 0.6 (33.1) | 4.8 (40.6) | 8.5 (47.3) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | −5.3 (22.5) | −9.9 (14.2) | −14.9 (5.2) | −19.8 (−3.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.0 (1.85) | 43.5 (1.71) | 48.6 (1.91) | 43.1 (1.70) | 70.0 (2.76) | 78.4 (3.09) | 118.9 (4.68) | 68.1 (2.68) | 55.2 (2.17) | 57.8 (2.28) | 49.6 (1.95) | 52.5 (2.07) | 732.7 (28.85) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 115.7 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# El Mercenario

El Mercenario (English: The Mercenary) is a science fiction comics series by the Spanish artist Vicente Segrelles, published beginning in 1980. An unusual feature for a comic book, every panel is painted in oil, a time-consuming technique. The series is known for the great attention paid to the depiction of landscapes.

## Publication history

The series was initially serialized, beginning in 1980, in the journal Cimoc, before moving on, beginning in 1982, to be published as a collection of 13 albums, with at least 11 having been translated into English (primarily by NBM).
Beginning 1998, Segrelles began using the computer to illustrate most of his comics. The 10th edition of The Mercenary, Giants, was the first to include pages designed entirely by computer.
The latest volume was published in 2003.

## Plot

The Mercenary tells the story of a mysterious and anonymous mercenary from a hidden valley called The Country of the Clouds. In this secluded region, the human race develops a culture different from the rest of the world, all while confronting flying dragons, reptilian giants, monsters, Amazons, and other characters familiar from the world of heroic fantasy.
A regular feature of The Mercenary adventures are beautiful women, often semi-nude. Most of the stories include an unusual twist.

## Characters

* The Mercenary — mysterious and anonymous, he rides on domesticated flying dragons
* Arnoldo de Vinci — member of the Order of Crater led by the Grand Lama; an inventor, he supplies weapons to The Mercenary
* Nan-Tay — beautiful young warrior responsible for the safety and protection of the Order of the Crater; she aids The Mercenary in his quests
* Claust — a recurring villain, he is a cunning, ambitious, petty alchemist who is the enemy of the monks of the Order of the Crater

## Influences

The Mercenary is a science fantasy adventure. Although the setting and the style resembles the medieval milieu of classic fantasy tales, it is actually a science fiction story. Magic is due to advanced technology and aliens, while giants and monsters are natural fauna or the results of radiation. The only blatant magic is in a set of apocryphal stories told by the Mercenary to impress his companion Nan-Tay (album 10, "Giants").

## List of albums

* The Formula from Hell (Norma Editorial, May 1982)
* The Trial of Strength (Norma Editorial, May 1983)
* The Floating Fortress (Norma Editorial, Mar. 1984)
* The Sacrifice (Norma Editorial, May 1988)
* The Water Fortress (Norma Editorial, Dec. 1991)
* The Black Sphere (Norma Editorial, May 1993)
* The Journey (Norma Editorial, Aug. 1995)
* The Year 1000 (Norma Editorial, 1996)
* The Lost Civilization (Norma Editorial, 1998)
* The Giants (Norma Editorial, 1998) — short stories
* The Flight (Norma Editorial, 2000)
* The Ransom I (Norma Editorial, 2002)
* The Ransom II (Norma Editorial, 2003)
* "Jubilee Edition" (10 page mini-comic)
# Ruskin Gallery

The Ruskin Gallery is a gallery within the Millennium Galleries in Sheffield, England.
It houses a collection of minerals, paintings, ornithological prints, drawings, manuscripts and architectural plaster casts assembled by John Ruskin.
It first opened in 1875, under the name Museum of St George, in a cottage in Walkley. It 1890, it was relocated to Meersbrook Hall.
# Jean-Philippe Rolland

Jean-Philippe Rolland is an admiral of the French Armed Forces, he was Commander of the Naval Action Force since August 31, 2017, and concurrent Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic.
Jean-Philippe Rolland, an admiral of the Navy is also serving as the command of European Maritime Force since 19 September 2019, born May 7, 1964, in Toulon, France, he was enrolled into Naval School In 1983 through which after passing out in the training course of the helicopter carrier French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (R97), he was assign to Light Transport Building of Dumont d'Urville Polynesia and of which he later was moved to L'Estafette Polynesia the Marquises Archipelago, although he specified in defense weapons systems even before he was in the frigate Jean Bart, he had Commands the FS Panthère training school ship in 1988 and the La Fayette, he participate in the Persian Gulf during the operation of the protection of maritime traffic in 1989, although in 1988 he led the surveillance missions in the Mediterranean onboard of the frigate Duguay-Trouin.
He took part in the operations of one was the former Yugoslavia crisis that was in 1994 before becoming the Aviso Commandant Bouan, he moved on to Joint Defense College 1999 for a year then of which he continues serving in the National Navy Staff in Paris as program officer. The frigate La Fayette was in his command in 2005 of which he led during the part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Indian Ocean to support mission in Afghanistan.
He partakes in the reforms of the anti-aircraft and the naval cruise missile, he was operations manager of the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle ship in 2003 and in commands of in 2009, and together as the Planning-Programming of the National Navy staff, HQ was in 2007, he was also part of support mission in Afghanistan and of the Libyan coasts military protection, and also participated in the 2008 and 2013 Military Planning Law.

## Other military schools

He also attended the French Naval War College, the Nuclear Engineering School and Center for Advanced Military Studies in 2008, he also attended the Institute for Higher National Defense Studies and served in the surface fleets on operational preparation.

## Commands and ranks

He was the Cabinet of the Chief of Staff of the French Navy under the office of the chief of staff before rosing up to become the Deputy Chief of Force Employment under the Defense Staff was in 2013 and got promoted to rear admiral in May 2014, under the Joint Staff, he was the head of Capability Coherence Division before a promotion to vice admiral (Vice-Amiral d’Escadre) and commands the Naval Action Force in 2017.

## Decorations

* Officer of the Legion of Honor (July 2012)
* Commander of the National Order of the Legion
* Honour and Commander of the National Order of Merit.
# Lyelchytsy

Lyelchytsy (Belarusian: Лельчыцы, romanized: Lieĺčycy; Russian: Лельчицы, romanized: Lelchitsy; Polish: Lelczyce) is an urban-type settlement in Gomel Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Lyelchytsy District. As of 2024, it has a population of 12,334.
Lyelchytsy is located by the Ubort River, 251 kilometres (156 mi) southwest of Gomel.

## History

The city was occupied by German troops in late August 1941. In September 1941 and in early spring 1942, local policemen and German gendarmes murdered Jews of the town in several mass executions. Many hidden Jews were later caught and then shot. Then, the Jewish houses were also plundered. The last remaining Jews were shot in summer 1942, along with Soviet citizens, under the pretext of having links to the partisans.

## Monuments

Monument to soldiers-internationalists who died in Afghanistan. Opened in July 2013.
# Balshavik, Gomel region

Balshavik (Belarusian: Бальшавік, romanized: Baĺšavik; Russian: Большевик, romanized: Bolshevik) is an urban-type settlement (a work settlement) in Gomel District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2024, it has a population of 2,793.
# Buda-Kashalyova

Buda-Kashalyova (Belarusian: Буда-Кашалёва; Russian: Буда-Кошелёво, romanized: Buda-Koshelyovo) is a town in Gomel Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Buda-Kashalyova District. As of 2024, it has a population of 8,581.

## History

It was first mentioned in chronicles from the first half of 1824 as village Buda in Mogilev Governorate. Its population was 500 (1890s).
During World War II, Buda-Kashalyova was under German occupation from 15 August 1941 until 27 November 1943.
# Uvaravichy

Uvaravichy (Belarusian: Уваравічы, romanized: Uvaravičy; Russian: Уваровичи, romanized: Uvarovichi) is an urban-type settlement in Buda-Kashalyova District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2024, it has a population of 2,132.