# Shuozhou

Shuozhou is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the northwest. It is situated along the upper reaches of the Fen River. The prefecture as a whole has an area of about 10,662 km$^2$ (4,117 sq mi) and, in 2010, a population of about 1.71 million.

## History

The site of Shuozhou was the ancient Chinese frontier town of Mayi (马邑), which was used as a trading post between China and the Xiongnu nomads of the eastern Eurasian steppe.
In 201 BC, the founder of the Han dynasty Liu Bang (posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu or the "High Ancestor") moved Han Xin from his fief around Yuzhou in Henan to Mayi, where he was attacked by the Xiongnu. Finding himself distrusted by the Han emperor, Han Xin allied with the Xiongnu instead and joined them on their raids against China until his death in battle in 196 BC. Mayi was subsequently the capital of Dai Prefecture and the scene of an attempted ambush of the Xiongnu by Chinese troops in 133 BC.
During the chaos between the fall of the Sui and rise of the Tang, Mayi was the base of the would-be emperor Liu Wuzhou.

## Administrative divisions

The seat of government is in Shuocheng District, the urban core of the city.
Map :
| Shuocheng Pinglu Shanyin County Ying County Youyu County Huairen (city) ||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Shuocheng District | 朔城区 | Shuòchéng Qū | 380,000 | 1,793 | 212 |
| Pinglu District | 平鲁区 | Pínglǔ Qū | 190,000 | 2,314 | 82 |
| Shanyin County | 山阴县 | Shānyīn Xiàn | 220,000 | 1,652 | 133 |
| Ying County | 应县 | Yìng Xiàn | 270,000 | 1,708 | 158 |
| Youyu County | 右玉县 | Yòuyù Xiàn | 100,000 | 1,965 | 51 |
| Huairen city | 怀仁市 | Huáirén Shì | 250,000 | 1,230 | 203 |

## Climate

Shuozhou has a continental, monsoon-influenced semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with cold, very dry, and somewhat long winters, and warm, somewhat humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −9.8 °C (14.4 °F) in January to 21.9 °C (71.4 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 7.42 °C (45.4 °F). Typifying the influence of the East Asian Monsoon, over three-fourths of the annual 399 millimetres (15.7 in) of precipitation occurs from June to September.
Climate data for Shuozhou, elevation 1,115 m (3,658 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 26.0 (78.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.6 (96.1) | 39.3 (102.7) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.1 (95.2) | 29.0 (84.2) | 22.4 (72.3) | 14.7 (58.5) | 39.3 (102.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) | 3.6 (38.5) | 10.3 (50.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.7 (83.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 22.6 (72.7) | 16.0 (60.8) | 7.7 (45.9) | 0.6 (33.1) | 15.4 (59.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.5 (14.9) | −5.0 (23.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | 10.3 (50.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 20.8 (69.4) | 22.4 (72.3) | 20.5 (68.9) | 15.1 (59.2) | 8.1 (46.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | −7.2 (19.0) | 7.9 (46.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.1 (3.0) | −12.0 (10.4) | −5.0 (23.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 16.3 (61.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 8.7 (47.7) | 1.5 (34.7) | −6.1 (21.0) | −13.3 (8.1) | 1.1 (33.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.5 (−24.7) | −28.3 (−18.9) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −11.1 (12.0) | −4.3 (24.3) | 2.1 (35.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | −4.2 (24.4) | −10.4 (13.3) | −26.2 (−15.2) | −32.0 (−25.6) | −32.0 (−25.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.6 (0.06) | 3.2 (0.13) | 8.0 (0.31) | 20.8 (0.82) | 32.4 (1.28) | 60.4 (2.38) | 113.3 (4.46) | 89.1 (3.51) | 60.5 (2.38) | 24.3 (0.96) | 10.0 (0.39) | 1.9 (0.07) | 425.5 (16.75) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 10.5 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 9.5 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 75 |
| Average snowy days | 2.9 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 18.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 46 | 41 | 39 | 40 | 51 | 65 | 70 | 66 | 60 | 54 | 52 | 53 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 182.4 | 183.9 | 220.2 | 237.2 | 255.3 | 228.2 | 222.6 | 215.8 | 200.0 | 213.7 | 187.8 | 177.5 | 2,524.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 57 | 51 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 63 | 63 | 61 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Economy

It is a centre of industry, and its notable industries are primarily mining of coal and other ores such as iron, bauxite, mica, manganese, and graphite. Other economic sectors include agriculture, chemical industry, ceramics, and fishing.

## Education

* North University of China at Shuozhou (中北大学朔州校区) http://neuc.nuc.edu.cn/
* Shanxi College of Technology (山西工学院) http://www.sxct.edu.cn/

## Tourism

Western tourists rarely come to this area of China, but there are some attractions. The Yingxian Tower, built in 1056 during the Liao Dynasty, is one of the main sites of the region. It was built entirely of wood, without using nails, and serves as a museum of calligraphy. There are also some paleolithic ruins, and ancient gravesites from the Dongyi people.

## Transportation

The Dayun Expressway (Datong—Yuncheng) passes through it, and it has 5 specialized train lines.
Shuozhou Zirun Airport opened on December 18, 2023.

## Notable people

* George F. Gao, virologist and immunologist.