OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm

The Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm, usually referred to as SITA, is a method to test for visual field loss, usually in glaucoma testing or monitoring. It is combined with a visual field test such as standard automated perimetry (SAP) or short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) to determine visual fields in a more efficient manner.
Standard automated perimetry determines how dim of light (the threshold) can be seen at various points in an individual eye's visual field. Various algorithms have been developed to determine this threshold in the dozens to over a hundred individual points in a single visual field. The SITA algorithm optimizes the determination of perimetry thresholds by continuously estimating what the expected threshold is based on the patient's age and neighboring thresholds. In this manner, it can reduce the time necessary to acquire a visual field by up to 50%, and it decreases patient fatigue and increases reliability. SITA mode is now widely used in many computerized automated perimeters.
The testing mode interrupts testing when measurement error is reached. This results in a shorter test time with reportedly equal accuracy as other automated threshold visual fields.
# Higashi-Funabashi Station

Higashi-Funabashi Station (東船橋駅, Higashi-Funabashi-eki) is a passenger railway station in the city of Funabashi, Chiba, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Higashi-Funabashi Station is located on the Sōbu Main Line and is served by Chūō-Sōbu Line local services, and is located 25.0 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Tokyo and 14.2 kilometers from Chiba.

## Station layout

The station consists of an elevated island platform serving two tracks, with an elevated station building. The station is staffed.
| 1 | JB Chūō-Sōbu Line | for Nishi-Funabashi, Akihabara and Shinjuku T Tokyo Metro Tozai Line for Urayasu, Nihombashi and Otemachi |
| 2 | JB Chūō-Sōbu Line | for Tsudanuma and Chiba |
* The ticket barriers, December 2007

## History

Higashi-Funabashi Station opened on 1 October 1981.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 20,542 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* National Route 296
* Chiba Prefectural Funabashi High School
# Oregon Route 242

Oregon Route 242, known as a portion of the McKenzie Highway, is an Oregon state highway that runs from Belknap Springs, Oregon through McKenzie Pass in the Oregon Cascades, to Sisters, Oregon, in the United States. The McKenzie Highway was added to the National Register of Historic Places in February, 2011.
This highway was the original routing of U.S. Route 28 through the Oregon Cascades until 1952, when it was redesignated as part of U.S. Route 126 (now Oregon Route 126). This highway was built in the 1920s and was the only highway over the Cascades going east out of Eugene until 1962, when a gravel road heading north from Belknap Springs to U.S. Route 20 at Santiam Junction was widened and paved. At that point, the new alignment was designated as US 126, and the old alignment was renamed OR 242. OR 242 is now considered primarily a scenic route. As a result, it is not plowed or sanded, and is thus closed during winter—generally from November 1 until about the July 1 every year, although snows have closed it as early as Labor Day in the past. Snow packs of up to fourteen feet are common on the summit of the road; snow gates are located 7 miles (11 km) east of the junction with OR 126 at Belknap Springs, and 8 miles (13 km) west of Sisters.
This is the 2nd highway in Oregon to have the designation OR 242. The earlier OR 242 was located in the Willamette Valley and connected U.S. Route 99E (now Oregon Route 99E) in Woodburn with Oregon Route 219 southeast of St. Paul. This incarnation of OR 242 existed between 1932 and sometime after 1951, when it was replaced with an extended Oregon Route 214. Later, OR 219 was redirected along most of this route to end on Interstate Route 5 in Woodburn, and OR 214 was truncated to the same interchange.

## History
### Current designation

What is now OR 242 was a wagon route over the Cascade Range. It was built in 1862. The highway for automobiles was constructed in 1924. In the original plan for the U.S. Numbered Highway plan on November 11, 1926, U.S. Route 28 (US 28) was designated from Florence to Ontario. US 28 followed the alignment of OR 242. The American Association of State Highway Officials approved to change US 28 between Eugene and Prineville to US 126 in 1952. In 1962, the Clear Lake Cutoff was completed. The completion resulted in US 126 being rerouted from McKenzie Pass to the cutoff. The rerouting included a concurrency with US 20. After the rerouting, the OR 242 designation was formed on the McKenzie Pass route. In February 2011, OR 242 was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In September 2011, McKenzie Pass was designated as an Oregon Scenic Bikeway

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations |
| Lane | Belknap Springs | 0.00 | 0.00 | OR 126 – Blue River, Eugene, Clear Lake, Bend |
| Deschutes | Sisters | 36.59 | 58.89 | US 20 / OR 126 – Sisters, Redmond, Bend, Eugene, Salem |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||||

## Gallery

* Fall Colors
* Scenic Vista
* Lava Beds
* Dee Wright Observatory
# Quiddity

In scholastic philosophy, "quiddity" (/ˈkwɪdɪti/; Latin: quidditas) was another term for the essence of an object, literally its "whatness" or "what it is".

## Etymology

The term "quiddity" derives from the Latin word quidditas, which was used by the medieval scholastics as a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle's Greek to ti ên einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι) or "the what it was to be (a given thing)".

## Overview

Quiddity describes properties that a particular substance (e.g. a person) shares with others of its kind. The question "what (quid) is it?" asks for a general description by way of commonality. This is quiddity or "whatness" (i.e., its "what it is"). Quiddity was often contrasted by the scholastic philosophers with the haecceity or "thisness" of an item, which was supposed to be a positive characteristic of an individual that caused it to be this individual, and no other. It is used in this sense in British poet George Herbert's poem, "Quiddity". Example: What is a "tree"? We can only see specific trees in the world around us - the category "tree" which includes all trees is a classification in our minds, not empirical, and not observable. The quiddity of a tree is the collection of characteristics which make it a tree. This is sometimes referred to as "treeness". This idea fell into disuse with the rise of empiricism, precisely because the essence of things, that which makes them what they are, does not correspond to any observables in the world around us. Nor can it be logically arrived at.

## Other senses

* In law, the term is used to refer to a quibble or academic point. An example can be seen in Hamlet's graveside speech found in Hamlet by William Shakespeare. "Where be his quiddities now, his quillets, his cases, his tenures" says Hamlet, referring to a lawyer's quiddities.
* Quiddity is the name for the mystical dream sea in Clive Barker's novel The Great and Secret Show that exists as a higher plane of human existence. It is featured as more of a literal sea in the novel's sequel, Everville, and the related short story, "On Amen's Shore".
# Metge Medal

The Dame Joan Metge Medal was established by the Royal Society of New Zealand in 2006, in recognition of the contribution of Dame Joan Metge to social sciences. Since 2017, the medal has been referred to as the Metge Medal. The medal is awarded every two years to a New Zealand social scientist for excellence in teaching, research and/or other activities contributing to capacity building and beneficial relationships between research participants.

## Recipients

The Dame Joan Metge Medal was first awarded in 2008 and recipients of the medal have been:
| Year | Recipient | Citation |
| 2008 | Diana Lennon | Her research as a paediatrician scientist has made a major impact on the lives of New Zealand children |
| 2008 | Philippa Howden-Chapman | Her research has had a major impact on our understanding of the link between housing, energy and health |
| 2010 | Richie Poulton | For his work as director of the University of Otago longitudinal study which is following the health and development of more than 1000 babies born in Dunedin in 1972/3 providing substantial contributions to new knowledge |
| 2010 | Richard Bedford | For his contribution to the development of social sciences over a long period, and has made major contributions to new knowledge in the field of migration, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region |
| 2012 | Janet Holmes | For her outstanding contribution to linguistics |
| 2012 | Linda Tuhiwai Smith | For her outstanding contribution in inspiring, mentoring and developing the capacity of Māori researchers through teaching and research |
| 2014 | Alison Jones | For the significant impact she has made on New Zealand educational research and practice, particularly on Māori-Pākehā educational relationships and women's education at tertiary level |
| 2016 | Stuart McNaughton | For his contributions to the building of research capacity in educational sciences, advancing literacy and language development, and for his evidence-based impact on educational policy both nationally and internationally |
| 2018 | Suzanne Pitama | For her considerable contribution to inspiring and developing new research capacity and knowledge for health professional education to address critical Indigenous health inequities in Aotearoa New Zealand |
| 2020 | Steven Ratuva | For his mahi on ethnicity, racism and affirmative action, with expertise in conflict and social protection |
| 2022 | Yvonne Underhill-Sem | For intellectual leadership on gendered social relations and development studies which have transformed development as accepted practice in Aotearoa and the Pacific |
| 2024 | Kay Saville-Smith | For her work at the forefront of New Zealand housing research, working with communities, government, and private and public sectors |
# Asakuragaidō Station

Asakuragaidō Station (朝倉街道駅, Asakuragaidō-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Nishi-Nippon Railroad, and has station number T15.

## Lines

The station is served by the Nishitetsu Tenjin Ōmuta Line and is 17.6 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Nishitetsu Fukuoka (Tenjin) Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of a two opposed ground-level side platforms connected with the station building by a footbridge. The station is staffed.

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Tenjin Ōmuta Line | for Kurume, Yanagawa and Ōmuta |
| 2 | ■ Tenjin Ōmuta Line | for Futsukaichi,Fukuoka |

## History

The station opened on 12 April 1924 as a station on the Kyushu Railway. The company merged with the Kyushu Electric Tramway on 19 September 1942. The company changed its name to Nishi-Nippon Railway three days later, on 22 September 1942.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2022, the station was used by 11,853 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Chikushino City Hall
* Fukuoka Prefectural Chikushi High School - approximately 1.2 km to the northeast
# Akasaka Station (Fukuoka)

Akasaka Station (赤坂駅, Akasaka-eki) is a railway station in Chūō-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a track and field athlete in red be looks like "ア" which is Akasaka's initials, in connection with the annual Fukuoka Marathon, which starts and finishes at Heiwadai Athletic Stadium, located 600 m from this station.

## Lines

Akasaka Station is served by the Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line.

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Kūkō Line | for Tenjin, Hakata, Fukuokakūkō (Airport), and Kaizuka |
| 2 | ■ Kūkō Line | for Meinohama, Chikuzen-Maebaru, and Karatsu |
* Platform

## History

The station opened on 26 July 1981.

## Surrounding area

* Fukuoka Central District Office
* Fukuoka Transportation Bureau
* Maizuru Park
* Korokan Ruins, Exhibition Hall (formerly Heiwadai Stadium)
* Fukuoka Castle
* Heiwadai Athletic Stadium
* Fukuoka High Court
* Fukuoka District Court
* Fukuoka Legal Affairs Bureau
* Fukuoka Public Prosecutors Office
* Fukuoka Central Employment Office
* Central City Health Center
* Fukuoka City Civic Center
* Fukuoka Central Fish Wholesale Market
# Fukuokakūkō Station

Fukuokakūkō Station (福岡空港駅, Fukuokakūkō-eki, "Fukuoka Airport Station") is a Fukuoka City Subway station serving the domestic terminal of Fukuoka Airport in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The station symbol is a blue airplane and a cloud. This is the only subway station in Japan which directly connects with an airport.

## History

The station opened on 3 March 1993.

## Lines

The station is served by the Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line.

## Station layout

The platforms are located on the 2nd basement level.
| 1 | ■ Kūkō Line | for Hakata, Tenjin, Meinohama, Chikuzen-Maebaru and Karatsu |
| 2 | ■ Kūkō Line | for Hakata, Tenjin, Meinohama, Chikuzen-Maebaru and Karatsu |
* Ticket gates
* Platform

## Vicinity

* Fukuoka Airport
** Terminal 1, 2, 3 and International Terminal (via shuttle bus)
** Fukuoka Airport Police Station
** Fukuokakūkōnai Post Office
* Bus terminal (with. Airport Express bus)
* Higashihirao Park: Level-5 stadium
# Jiří Pernes

Jiří Pernes (born 4 July 1948 in Svitavy) is a Czech historian.
From 1984 to 1990, he was the director of the Historical Museum in Slavkov u Brna (Austerlitz), and from 1990 to 1992, he was director of the Moravské zemské muzeum in Brno. In 2011, he directed the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes. Jiří Pernes held lectures at Masaryk University in Brno and at Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.
He now works in the Institute for Contemporary History at the Czech Academy of Science in Brno. He wrote many books and papers about Moravian, Czech and Czechoslovak history in the 19th and 20th centuries.
In 2010, he was dismissed from his position as director of the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes after allegations that he had plagiarized large portions of his 1997 book about Emanuel Moravec from another person's doctoral dissertation. Pernes said that he had never knowingly copied the work of others.
# Sherman Township

Sherman Township may refer to:

## Arkansas

* Sherman Township, Johnson County, Arkansas

## Illinois

* Sherman Township, Mason County, Illinois

## Iowa

* Sherman Township, Calhoun County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Hardin County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Jasper County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Kossuth County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Monona County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Montgomery County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Pocahontas County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Sioux County, Iowa, in Sioux County, Iowa
* Sherman Township, Story County, Iowa

## Kansas

* Sherman Township, Clay County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Crawford County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Decatur County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Dickinson County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Ellsworth County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Grant County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Leavenworth County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Ottawa County, Kansas, in Ottawa County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Pottawatomie County, Kansas, in Pottawatomie County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Riley County, Kansas, in Riley County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas
* Sherman Township, Washington County, Kansas, in Washington County, Kansas

## Michigan

* Sherman Township, Gladwin County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Huron County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Iosco County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Isabella County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Mason County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Newaygo County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, Osceola County, Michigan
* Sherman Township, St. Joseph County, Michigan

## Minnesota

* Sherman Township, Redwood County, Minnesota

## Missouri

* Sherman Township, Cass County, Missouri
* Sherman Township, Dallas County, Missouri
* Sherman Township, DeKalb County, Missouri
* Sherman Township, Harrison County, Missouri
* Sherman Township, Putnam County, Missouri

## Nebraska

* Sherman Township, Antelope County, Nebraska
* Sherman Township, Cuming County, Nebraska
* Sherman Township, Gage County, Nebraska
* Sherman Township, Kearney County, Nebraska
* Sherman Township, Platte County, Nebraska

## North Dakota

* Sherman Township, Bottineau County, North Dakota

## Ohio

* Sherman Township, Huron County, Ohio

## Oklahoma

* Sherman Township, Kingfisher County, Oklahoma

## South Dakota

* Sherman Township, Brookings County, South Dakota
* Sherman Township, Corson County, South Dakota
* Sherman Township, Faulk County, South Dakota
# Nanakuma Station

Nanakuma Station (七隈駅) is a subway station on the Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Jōnan-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a picture of seven hexagon in violet.

## Lines

* Fukuoka City Subway
** Nanakuma Line

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Nanakuma Line | for Hakata |
| 2 | ■ Nanakuma Line | for Hashimoto |

## History

* February 3, 2005: Opening of the station
# Shermans Dale, Pennsylvania

Shermans Dale is an unincorporated community in Carroll Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States, along Shermans Creek. It was originally settled by Scots-Irish settlers before the American Revolutionary War. Its ZIP code is 17090.
The public school that serves Shermans Dale is West Perry School District.

## Religion

Mt. Gilead United Methodist Church is located here. It is also the site of a former Presbyterian church with a pioneer graveyard. Although this church is no longer used for weekly services, it is maintained for use for weddings and funerals.

## Notable people

* William Bigler, 12th governor of Pennsylvania and a former U.S. Senator
* Darrell Horcher, former UFC fighterm Bellator and Cage Fury Fighting Championships
* Alexander Kelly McClure, former Pennsylvania State Senator
# Blackstone Historic District

Blackstone Historic District is a national historic district located at Blackstone, Nottoway County, Virginia. It encompasses 272 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the town of Blackstone. They include residential and commercial structures dating from the late-18th to early-20th centuries. They include notable examples of the Late Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, and Romanesque styles. Notable buildings include the former Blackstone College for Girls (1922), First National Bank, Thomas M. Dillard House, Richmond F. Dillard House, Blackstone Public School Complex, Bagley House (1911), James D. Crawley House (1903), Blackstone Baptist Church (1907), Crenshaw United Methodist Church (1903), St. Luke's Episcopal Church (1916), and Blackstone Presbyterian Church (1901). The James D. Crawley House was designed by J. E. McDaniel, who was a local architect. Located in the district is the separately listed Schwartz Tavern.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## Gallery

* Blackstone Contributing Buildings
* Crenshaw United Methodist Church
* Thomas M. Dillard House
* James D. Crawley House
* Federal Post Office
* Romanesque Baptist Church built in 1907
* Seay’s Park is the site of businessman Haney H. Seay’s residence. The Seay home used as the Blackstone Day School in the 1960s., and then part of Kenston Forest School. It was eventually torn down in the 1970s. The house was demolished in the early 1970s.
* The Town Library in a 1915 Colonial Revival House
* St Luke’s Episcopal Church with Gothic Revival Architecture built in 1898
* The 1911 Bagley House
# Alpine Journal

The Alpine Journal (AJ) is an annual publication by the Alpine Club of London. It is the oldest mountaineering journal in the world.

## History

The journal was first published on 2 March 1863 by the publishing house of Longman in London, with Hereford Brooke George as its first editor. It was a replacement for Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers, which had been issued in two series: in 1858 (with John Ball as editor), and 1862 (in two volumes, with Edward Shirley Kennedy as editor).
The journal covers all aspects of mountains and mountaineering, including expeditions, adventure, art, literature, geography, history, geology, medicine, ethics and the mountain environment, and the history of mountain exploration, from early ascents in the Alps, exploration of the Himalaya and the succession of attempts on Mount Everest, to present-day exploits.

## Online access

Journal volumes since 1926 (bar the current issue) are freely available online. Digital scans of earlier volumes of the Alpine Journal from 1863 to 1929 have been made by academic libraries and are available online.

## Notable editors

The following people have edited the journal:
* Leslie Stephen (1868–1872)
* Douglas Freshfield (1872–1880)
* Arthur John Butler (1890–1893)
* George Yeld (1896–1926)
* John Percy Farrar (1920–1926, co-editor)
* Edward Lisle Strutt (1927–1937)
* T. Graham Brown (1949–1953)
* Johanna Merz (1992–1998)
* Ed Douglas (1999–2023)
# Tommy Spangler

Tommy Spangler (born August 10, 1961) is an American college football coach. He is currently the special teams coordinator and safeties coach at Furman. He was the head coach of the Presbyterian Blue Hose football team at Presbyterian College, a position he held from 2001 to 2006 and reprised from 2017 to 2020.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Presbyterian Blue Hose (South Atlantic Conference) (2001–2006) ||||||
| 2001 | Presbyterian | 7–4 | 5–2 | T–2nd | |
| 2002 | Presbyterian | 8–3 | 5–2 | 3rd | |
| 2003 | Presbyterian | 4–6 | 2–5 | T–5th | |
| 2004 | Presbyterian | 6–5 | 4–3 | T–2nd | |
| 2005 | Presbyterian | 10–2 | 7–0 | 1st | L NCAA Division II Second Round |
| 2006 | Presbyterian | 7–4 | 5–2 | T–2nd | |
| Presbyterian Blue Hose (Big South Conference) (2017–2019) ||||||
| 2017 | Presbyterian | 4–7 | 1–4 | 5th | |
| 2018 | Presbyterian | 2–8 | 0–5 | 6th | |
| 2019 | Presbyterian | 2–10 | 1–5 | T–5th | |
| Presbyterian Blue Hose (Pioneer Football League) (2020) ||||||
| 2020–21 | Presbyterian | 4–3 | 4–2 | T–2nd | |
| Presbyterian: | Presbyterian: | 54–52 | 34–30 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 54–52 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Isle of Springs, Maine

Isle of Springs is an island community in the town of Boothbay Harbor, Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The community was established in 1887 as a summer resort.
# St. John the Baptist Monastery, Moscopole

The St. John the Baptist Monastery (Albanian: Manastiri i Shën Prodhromit or Manastiri i Shën Gjon Pagëzorit) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery in Moscopole, Albania. It is dedicated to St. John the Baptist.

## History and description

According to the donor's inscription, the church inside the Monastery was built in 1632 and painted in 1659. Today the monastery is declared a Cultural Monument of Albania. The monastery includes the church as well as two other buildings which were part of the monastery. The church has dimensions of 17m x 7.65 X 9m. The frescoes are preserved and in a good afresket and worked with components of iron and calcium. According to the monastery’s codex, the frescoes of the church were decorated in the works of Andon Shipskioti and then later Theodor Simo Grunde. The church is characterized by decoration on a particular type of tile that is found in the area.