OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nordhouse Dunes Wilderness

The Nordhouse Dunes Wilderness is a 3,450-acre (14.0 km$^2$) listed wilderness area within the Manistee National Forest. It is located north of Ludington, Michigan, and is best known for its 4 miles (6.4 km) of undeveloped Lake Michigan shoreline.

## Geology

The lake levels of the upper Great Lakes have fluctuated sharply over the past 4,000 years, with a temporary high-water mark, the Nipssing stage, achieved about 3,500 years before the present. During the Nipissing stage, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan were interconnected as they are today, but the two lakes brimmed over with fresh water 605 feet (184 m) above sea level. As the lakes fell back toward their current level of 580 feet (177 m) above sea level, large quantities of sand were exposed. Subsequent work by lake-effect winds shaped this exposed sand into sand dunes.
The Lake Michigan sand-dune shoreline around Big Sable Point was reshaped into the Big Sable Dunes complex, a 6,270-acre (25.4 km$^2$) area of sandy hills, dunal moraines, shallow lakes, and associated plant and animal life. The dunes reach heights of 140 feet (42 m) above lake level.
The Nordhouse Dunes form the northern half of the preserved section of the Big Sable Dunes complex. The southern 2,820 acres (11.4 km$^2$) are contained within Michigan's Ludington State Park.

## Biology

The older Nordhouse Dunes, farther away from Lake Michigan, have had time for the process of plant succession to produce a forest ecosystem. The local climate supports beech, sugar maple, red oak, and white oak trees, mixed with a thin sprinkling of evergreens such as the red pine and Michigan's state tree, the white pine.
Active dune areas closer to the lake are dotted with early-succession plants and trees such as the juniper bush and the jack pine. Of special interest is one of the two largest known remaining populations of the Pitcher's thistle, a threatened species listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 3,100 Nordhouse thistle plants of this species were inventoried in a 1991 counting exercise.
In animal life, the primary browser is the familiar whitetail deer, mixed with typical examples of Michigan small game such as the coyote, fox, porcupine, badger and raccoon. Other animals present but rarely seen by casual visitors include black bear and bobcat.

## Nordhouse Dunes today

After northwestern Michigan was heavily logged in the 19th century and early 20th century, the U.S. Congress re-designated much of the cutover land as the Manistee National Forest in 1938. Congress designated the Nordhouse Dunes as a wilderness in 1987.
Two parking lots are located at Lake Michigan Recreation Area on the wilderness's northern edge and Nurnberg Road at its southeastern corner. While the wilderness nominally enjoys free admission, vehicles using the parking lots are required to have a vehicle pass displayed on the windshield.
Both parking lots are located relatively close to U.S. Highway 31, the primary road serving the Lake Michigan shoreline north of Ludington.
# North Fork Umatilla Wilderness

The North Fork Umatilla Wilderness is a wilderness area located inside the Umatilla National Forest, in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. It is the smallest wilderness in northeast Oregon, encompassing only 20,144 acres (8,152 ha) in Umatilla and Union counties.

## Topography

The elevation of the North Fork Umatilla Wilderness ranges from 2,000 to 5,400 feet (610 to 1,650 m), and is characterized by terrain that varies from gentle, sloping hills to extremely steep, timbered canyons below a high plateau. Common vegetation includes juniper, sagebrush, ponderosa pine, fir, spruce, lodgepole pine, and western larch.

## Wildlife

The North Fork Umatilla River supports a sizeable population of bull trout, as well as anadromous fish such as steelhead. There are also several streams within the wilderness that contain native trout, and a few streams support spawning steelhead. Big game animals found in the wilderness include Rocky Mountain elk and deer. Other wildlife in the wilderness include blue and ruffed grouse.

## Recreation

Primary recreational activities in the North Fork Umatilla Wilderness include hiking, camping, hunting, fishing, and horseback riding. The North Fork of the Umatilla River is designated catch and release only. There is a 27-mile (43 km) hiking trail system, which opens up early in the season due to the low elevation of the Wilderness.
# Owens River Headwaters Wilderness

The Owens River Headwaters Wilderness is a wilderness area inside the Inyo National Forest in eastern California designated to protect the headwaters of the Owens River. The wilderness area was created on March 30, 2009, when the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 was signed into law. This area is home to the largest old growth red fir forest in the region.

## Topography

The Owens River Headwaters Wilderness is bounded on the west by the San Joaquin Ridge and the north by the June Mountain Ski Area. This area receives more moisture than average for the east side of the Sierra Nevada due to the relatively low elevation of the mountain ridge to the west. These conditions have allowed for the growth of heavily forested ridges and wet alpine meadows that are more typically seen on the west side of the Sierra Nevada.
Notable features within the wilderness area include over 100 natural springs and seeps, and Glass Creek Meadow, the largest subalpine meadows in the central eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains.

## Wildlife

The Owens River Headwaters are an important point on the migration route of many animals, including mule deer, pine marten and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. Glass Creek Meadow is home to a population of the endangered Yosemite toad and a large diversity of butterflies. The Owens River is home to several species of trout.

## Archeology

Glass Creek, a tributary of the Owens River, was a source of obsidian for Native American tribes. Evidence of Native American habitation in this area dates back approximately 10,000 years.

## Recreation

The Owens River Headwaters Wilderness is a popular destination for birdwatching and hiking. The area was popular for off-road vehicle use, but after the area's designation as a protected wilderness, such activities have been severally curtailed.
The Upper Owens River area is a popular location for fly fishing and hosts a large population of brown trout and rainbow trout.
The Owens River Headwaters Wilderness is also a popular destination for nudists, who use the location for volleyball and cookouts.
# Peru Peak Wilderness

The Peru Peak Wilderness is one of eight wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest in the U.S. state of Vermont. It was created by the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984 and later expanded by the New England Wilderness Act of 2006. A total of 7,825 acres (3,167 ha) are managed by the U.S. Forest Service.
The Long Trail (which coincides with the Appalachian Trail in this region) enters the wilderness at Mad Tom Notch on its southern edge, crossing over Styles Peak (3,394 ft or 1,034 m) and Peru Peak (3,429 ft or 1,045 m) before exiting the area on its western edge. The northern half of Peru Peak Wilderness is remote with no marked trails. In particular, Pete Parent Peak (2,961 ft or 903 m) has no marked path to the top.
# Eagle Lake Tramway

The Eagle Lake Tramway is a historic timber-transport mechanism in the remote North Maine Woods in northeastern USA. The tramway, built in 1902 and operated until 1907, transported timber across a neck of land between Eagle Lake and Chamberlain Lake, with one end eventually becoming the eastern terminus of the Eagle Lake and West Branch Railroad in 1927. The remnants of the tramway and rail station were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Tramway Historic District in 1979. The tramway is part of the Allagash Wilderness Waterway, a Maine state park.

## Description and history

The remote northern interior of Maine was in the 19th-century developed as a major logging region. Because the provincial government of New Brunswick began charging tariffs for timber floated down the Saint John River, American logging interest sought ways to divert timber into the Penobscot River watershed. This was accomplished by the placement of dams in a number of places on Chamberlain Lake and Eagle Lake, whose waters historically reached the Saint John via the Allagash River, which resulted in their waters' diversion toward Webster Lake (now in the far north of Baxter State Park), part of the Penobscot watershed. By the late 19th century the lock dam between Chamberlain and Eagle Lakes had become a hindrance to logging operations.
To speed the movement of timbers between the two lakes, the ingenious solution of a cable-drawn steam-powered tramway was implemented. At a neck of land about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the dam, a pair of tracks was laid across the neck (about 3,000 feet (910 m)), and a continuous wire cable loop 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in length was attached to lumber-carrying trucks. The tramway was powered by large steam boilers located at the Chamberlain Lake end, and was capable of transporting logs at 250 feet (76 m) per minute, averaging more than 500,000 board-feet of lumber over a typical working day. The tramway was rendered obsolete by the invention of the Lombard Steam Log Hauler, and ceased operation in 1907. Prior to the tramway, oxen hauled wood between Eagle and Chamberlain Lakes.
In 1927 the Eagle Lake end of the tramway was adapted as the eastern terminus of the Eagle Lake and West Branch Railroad, a freight-only operation for hauling timber southward. The railroad operated until 1933; the only major surviving element of its operation are two locomotives, which are vandal-stripped and exposed to the elements. Of the tramway, the cable and elements of its tracks survive, collapsing into the ground as the ties deteriorate, and elements of the steam power plant remain at Chamberlain Lake.
The area is now part of the Allagash Wilderness Waterway, a Maine state park.
In 2012, part of the tramway was restored by volunteers.
# Ruby Mountains Wilderness

The Ruby Mountains Wilderness is a protected wilderness area in the Ruby Mountains of Elko County, Nevada, United States. It covers an area of approximately 90,000 acres (36,000 ha), and is administered by the Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest.
Ruby Mountains Wilderness contains hiking trails ranging between 9,000 and 10,000 feet in elevation. Hiking destinations include Seitz Canyon and the Lamoille Lake Trail.
# Roaring River Wilderness

Roaring River Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Mount Hood National Forest in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. Southwest of Mount Hood, Oregon's tallest mountain, the 36,500-acre (14,800 ha) area was created in 2009. The wilderness area is named after the Roaring River that flows through the area and is a tributary of the Clackamas River.

## History

In 2004, Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon introduced legislation to add the area around the Roaring River to the Salmon–Huckleberry Wilderness. That bill did not pass and the next year several members of Oregon's delegation to the U.S. House proposed protecting the area as well. Sponsored by Earl Blumenauer and Greg Walden, this bill would have created a new wilderness area for the river's valley and received unanimous support in committee. The Bush administration supported some expansion of the wilderness areas around Mount Hood, but not as much as proposed by the bill. This bill also failed to become law, and in February 2007, Wyden and fellow Senator Gordon Smith introduced another bill to create the Roaring River Wilderness. The area officially became a protected wilderness area in March 2009 when the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 was signed into law by President Barack Obama.

## Details

Located southwest of Mount Hood, the area includes 1,000-year-old trees in its old-growth forest. Prior to designation as a wilderness area the Dry Ridge, Grouse Point, Serene Lake, Shellrock Lake, and Shining Lake trails were open to use by mountain bikes. Lakes in the area include the Rock Lakes and Serene Lake, while Cache Meadow is one of the many alpine meadows. The river itself is a spawning habitat for several salmon species and is a tributary to the Clackamas River. Flora and fauna include spotted owls, pileated woodpeckers, bears, cougars, elk, mule deer, salamanders, huckleberry, salal, and sword ferns among others.
# Redfield Canyon Wilderness

Redfield Canyon Wilderness is a protected wilderness area on the southern end of the Galiuro Mountains in the U.S. state of Arizona. Established in 1990 under the Arizona Desert Wilderness Act the area is managed by the Bureau of Land Management and south of the Coronado National Forest managed Galiuro Wilderness. This area is primarily centered around its namesake canyon, a narrow chasm connected to many side canyons with perennial streams.
The wilderness ranges from 3,400 (1036 m) to 6,200 (1889 m)and is home to an abundance of wildlife including mule deer, pronghorn, desert bighorn sheep, coyotes, mountain lions, and American black bears.
# Rock Creek Wilderness

The Rock Creek Wilderness is a wilderness area comprising 7,486 acres (3,029 ha) within the Siuslaw National Forest on the Oregon Coast. It was created in 1984, along with the Drift Creek Wilderness and Cummins Creek Wilderness. The Rock Creek Wilderness has "no developed trails or trailheads."

## Topography

Rock Creek Wilderness is characterized by steep slopes, dense forest, and thick brush. Two streams (Rock Creek and Big Creek), separated by a broad ridge, traverse the area and flow westward to the Pacific Ocean.

## Vegetation

Rock Creek Wilderness is primarily coniferous rainforest with dense ground cover. Bigleaf Maple and Red Alder trees line both creeks. Old-growth Douglas-fir can be found in the eastern portion of this area, giving way to old-growth Sitka Spruce closer to the ocean. Other vegetation include Salal, Salmonberry, Western Swordfern, and rhododendron.

## Wildlife

One unique inhabitant of this area is the Oregon silverspot butterfly. These endangered orange-and-brown butterflies can be found on the ridge between the creeks. Salmon, steelhead, and coastal cutthroat trout migrate upstream along both creeks each year to spawn.
# East End Historic District (Middleton, Wisconsin)

The East End Historic District is a residential historic district in Middleton, Wisconsin consisting of 37 modest homes built from the 1920s to 1950s in various styles. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
In the 1870s the area occupied by today's East End Historic District was platted in large lots and thinly populated. In 1873 only nine buildings were there. The population grew slowly until 1935. Until then, Elmwood Street (then called Slaughter Street) didn't go through from Bristol to Park. In 1935, using money from relief aid, the village connected the street through that gap and replatted some large old lots, creating new small lots. Homes rapidly filled in the lots in the years following.
Due to the late start of construction, there are no homes in older styles like Gothic Revival or Queen Anne. Instead there are a few in American styles like bungalows, and many period revival houses. Here is a good example of each style:
* The Dr. C.F. Alen house at 7014 Hubbard St. is a brick Colonial Revival-styled home built in 1928, 1.5 stories, with the front porch framed in Tuscan columns, a fanlight, and pediment. Dr. Allen was a well-known medical doctor.
* The Albert Loeser house at 1916 Park St. is a 2-story Tudor Revival-styled house built in 1933, clad in carefully cut wood shingles. Identifying characteristics of the style are the steep roof surfaces, the asymmetry, and the dramatic chimney. The small detached garage is styled to match.
* The Charles and Rachel Neuman house at 7208 Elmwood Ave. is a 1+1⁄2-story house in Dutch Colonial Revival style built in 1937, with a small pediment over the front door, and a flat-roofed sun porch on one end. The identifying characteristic of this style is the gambrel roof.
* The Marcus Schwab house at 7028 Elmwood Ave. is a 1+1⁄2-story Colonial Revival home built in 1938, 1.5 stories, clad in clapboard, with pilaster strips on the corners and flanking the front door. Schwab was a merchant in Middleton. Roy Brumm built the house.
# East Forest Avenue Historic District

The East Forest Avenue Historic District is located in Neenah, Wisconsin, USA. It was added to the State and the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. The Charles R. Smith House and the Henry Spencer Smith House are located in the district.
# James Shelton (songwriter)

James Shelton was an American Broadway actor, composer, and writer. He is best known for being the songwriter of "Lilac Wine" (1950), which has been covered by numerous artists.

## Musicals and revues

* New Faces of 1934, produced by Leonard Sillman. Music by James Shelton with Henry Fonda, March 15, 1934 – July 1934
* Who's Who, March 1, 1938 – March 1938
* The Straw Hat Revue, September 29, 1939 – December 2, 1939
* Dance Me a Song, January 20, 1950 – February 18, 1950
* Mrs Patterson, December 1, 1954 – February 26, 1955
* Almost Crazy, music by James Shelton, June 20, 1955 – July 2, 1955
# Sierra Ancha Wilderness

The Sierra Ancha Wilderness The Sierra Ancha Wilderness is located about 100 miles east of Phoenix, between Globe and Young. Though fairly small at 32 square miles, it contains some of the most rugged and inaccessible terrain in Arizona. Most of the Sierra Ancha Wilderness lies at an elevation of about 7000 feet. But along the eastern border, is a 20,850 acres (8,440 ha) U.S. wilderness area on the Tonto National Forest in the state of Arizona. The terrain varies from box canyons to high cliffs and pine-covered mountains. Elevations range from lows of about 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to a high of 7,733 feet (2,357 m) at Aztec Peak. It is one of two wilderness areas within the Sierra Ancha mountain range.
Cherry Creek has cut a substantial valley down to an elevation of 3000 to 3500 feet. The four thousand foot elevation change from the mesa top to the river results in a series of vertical-walled canyons cutting back into the mesa towards the west. Within these canyons, virtually any south-facing location with a protective overhang and sufficient building space contains a structure of some kind. Two of the most widely publicized sites—Devil's Canyon ruin and the Pueblo Canyon group.

## History

The Sierra Ancha Wilderness Area was first set aside as a "Primitive Area" in 1933, then as a Wilderness Area in 1964.
The ruins of the Sierra Anchas present somewhat of a mystery to archeologists. From 500 to 950 AD the region stood at the boundary between three distinct traditions: the Mogollon to the east, the Hohokam to the west, and the Sinagua to the north. Then about 950 AD a new culture—the Salado—appeared, occupying a region almost 100 miles across with the Sierra Anchas near its center. Tree ring dating of timbers used in construction indicates that the Anchan ruins were built and occupied over a relatively short seventy-year period, from 1280 to 1350, which would make them Salado in origin. However, certain elements of the architecture, tools and pottery show a strong Mogollon influence as well. Adding to the mystery is the fact that the ruins are constructed in extremely inaccessible locations, raising the possibility that defense against invasion was a strong motivation. It has been suggested that this may have been the remnants of an older or hybrid community that managed to cling to its traditions for some time after the surrounding area was occupied by the Salado. At the present time, archeologists simply refer to the inhabitants as the "Anchan Tradition."

## Access

The wilderness is accessible through Tonto National Forest via numerous well-marked trails.
# Slaughter Creek Wilderness

Slaughter Creek Wilderness is a 3,901-acre (15.8 km$^2$) wilderness area in the US state of Utah. It was designated March 30, 2009, as part of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009. Located near the Nevada stateline in the northwestern corner of Washington County, it protects much of the watershed for Slaughter Creek, which feeds into the perennial streams of Beaver Dam Wash.
Slaughter Creek Wilderness is located near Doc's Pass Wilderness on the south, separated by a small road, and is bordered by Cougar Canyon Wilderness on the west.
# East Main Street Historic District (Brevard, North Carolina)

East Main Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Brevard, Transylvania County, North Carolina. It encompasses 14 contributing buildings, 1 contributing structure, and 1 contributing site in a predominantly residential section of Brevard. The district developed between about 1900 and 1959 and includes notable examples of Colonial Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed St. Philip's Episcopal Church, Silvermont, William Breese, Jr., House, Charles E. Orr House, Royal and Louise Morrow House, and Max and Claire Brombacher House. Other notable buildings include the Lankford-Cleveland House (c. 1858, 1900), Brevard-Davidson River Presbyterian Church (1956, 1965, 1996), White House (c. 1900), Wyke-Barclay House (1905), and Carrier-Plummer House (1914).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## Gallery

* Royal and Louise Morrow House, 2021
* William Breese Jr. House, 2021
* St. Philips Episcopal Church, 2020
* Silvermont, 2020
* Max and Claire Brombacher House, 2021
* Charles E. Orr House, 2021
# Toronto East Detention Centre

The Toronto East Detention Centre, often simply referred to as The East, or TEDC, is a maximum-security Detention Centre located in the district of Scarborough in Toronto, Ontario, Canada for adult male offenders who have been remanded into custody while awaiting trial. It is operated by the Ontario Correctional Services, a branch of the Ministry of the Solicitor General for the Ontario provincial government.
It is located at 55 Civic Road, southwest of the intersection of Eglinton Avenue and Birchmount Road in the Golden Mile commercial district in Scarborough. The facility was known as the Metropolitan Toronto East Detention Centre until Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated in 1998.
Although not to a degree a correctional centre would provide, various institutional staff provide inmates with a variety of remedial programs, including life skills, addictions, anger management, Alcoholics Anonymous, GED certifications, and volunteer educational services. Inmates have access to two outside yards, approved visits (operating 7 days a week), chaplaincy and religious services, and recreation programs.

## Notable inmates

* Paul Bernardo, a serial rapist and serial killer dubbed the Scarborough Rapist. His former wife and accomplice is Karla Homolka.
* Dellen Millard and Mark Smich, who together murdered Laura Babcock and Tim Bosma in separate killings in July 2012 and May 2013, respectively.