OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manana Island Sound Signal Station

The Manana Island Sound Signal Station is an active fog signal station on Manana Island, Maine, United States. Established in 1855, it is one of the only separately managed fog signals in the United States, having been operationally independent of Monhegan Island Light for most of its existence. It is also home to the only known fog signal trumpet tower, built in 1889. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Manana Island Fog Signal Station in 2002.

## Description

Monhegan is a small island community 10 miles (16 km) off the coast of Maine, consisting of Monhegan Island, and a number of nearby smaller islands. Its harbor is situated in the channel between Monhegan and Manana Islands, just west of the main island. The Manana Island Sound Signal Station is located at the highest point on Manana Island, and consists of several buildings and structures. The present signal equipment is housed in small brick building, built in 1906 on the foundation of the original signal house, originally for use as an oil house. The former main signal building is a brick structure about 33 by 20 feet (10.1 m × 6.1 m), built in 1889 on the site of an earlier wood-frame structure. It is topped by a low tower that was originally used to house a Daboll trumpet. A shed covering several iron pressure tanks is attached to one side. The keeper's house, dating to 1855, is a much-altered 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame building.
The station is served by an electromechanical hoist, to facilitate the movement of materials to the site. It consists of a set of rails, which extend from the boat landing on the island's east side to a hoist house, housing the motor, near the other buildings. This facility was built in 1905, and is maintained for use.

## History

Monhegan Island has long been an important marine navigation landmark on the coast of Maine. Because it is frequently beset by fog, the United States Lighthouse Board proposed in 1853 the construction of a fog signal for Manana Island. Congress appropriated funds for the station in 1854, and in 1855 a manually sounded bell was installed on Manana Island, about one mile west of Monhegan Island Light. In 1856 an automatic striking machine was installed. After further funding was secured, a steam-powered Daboll trumpet, then an experimental device, was installed in 1870. It was replaced in 1872 by a whistle, and the trumpet was moved to the Portland Head Light.
Originally administratively part of Monhegan Island Light, the fog signal was placed under separate administration in 1876. In 1877 a new Daboll trumpet was installed. It was replaced in 1912 by an air siren, and in 1937 a radio beacon was added to the site. The station was automated in 1986, and the radio tower was removed in 1995.
# Aircraft Museum Dhangadhi

Aircraft Museum Dhangadhi is an aviation museum located in Dhangadhi, Nepal some 500 km west from Kathmandu. It was established by former Nepalese pilot Bed Upreti and his trust on 17 September 2014 as the first aircraft museum of Nepal. The museum is inside a defunct Fokker-100 plane, which is 35.53 meters long and was operated by Cosmic Air until its shut down in 2008. There are around 200 miniature commercial planes and fighter jets on display. Along with the miniature planes, there are aerial photo gallery and cockpit cafe. The revenue from the museum is used to assist cancer patients. A second museum, the Aviation Museum Kathmandu, has been established in the capital of Nepal, Kathmandu by Bed Upreti Trust in 2017 following the success of the Aircraft Museum Dhangadhi.
# Ray Sherry

Raymond Henry Sherry (3 October 1924 – 13 June 1989) was an Australian politician. Born in Sydney, he was educated there at state schools. He spent 1941 to 1946 with the merchant navy before becoming an actor, television broadcaster and commentator, moving to Hobart in 1956. In 1969, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Franklin, defeating Liberal MP Thomas Pearsall. He held the seat until his defeat by Liberal candidate Bruce Goodluck in 1975. In 1976 he entered the Tasmanian House of Assembly for Franklin, holding the seat until 1979. Sherry died in 1989. His son, Nick Sherry, was a Senator from Tasmania from 1990 to 2012.
# Van Reenen

Van Reenen is a settlement in Uthukela District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It is located on the N3 national road at the top of Van Reenen's Pass on the Great Escarpment of the Drakensberg. The town is named after Frans van Reenen, original owner of the farm where Van Reenen was established and planner of the route of the Van Reenen's Pass.
Llandaff Oratory, an eight-seat memorial church built around 1925, is a Heritage Landmark.
The Moorddraai ('Murder corner' in Afrikaans) memorial a few kilometres to the south-east of the town marks the place where nine people transporting goods from Durban were killed by Basotho tribesmen in 1865.

## Gallery

* Van Reenen's Pass

## Climate

Climate data for Van Reenan, elevation 1,680 m (5,510 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1998–2023) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.7 (98.1) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.6 (94.3) | 30.0 (86.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 34.8 (94.6) | 33.9 (93.0) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.7 (96.3) | 36.7 (98.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 20.8 (69.4) | 18.6 (65.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.8 (80.2) | 23.4 (74.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.6 (67.3) | 18.4 (65.1) | 15.5 (59.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 10.3 (50.5) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.5 (63.5) | 18.0 (64.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 15.8 (60.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) | 13.5 (56.3) | 11.8 (53.2) | 8.5 (47.3) | 4.1 (39.4) | 1.9 (35.4) | 0.9 (33.6) | 3.8 (38.8) | 7.3 (45.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.1 (55.6) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | −0.3 (31.5) | −2.4 (27.7) | −7.5 (18.5) | −7.6 (18.3) | −9.5 (14.9) | −7.2 (19.0) | −6.0 (21.2) | 0.2 (32.4) | 1.1 (34.0) | 5.8 (42.4) | −9.5 (14.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 183.0 (7.20) | 158.8 (6.25) | 122.2 (4.81) | 49.5 (1.95) | 21.5 (0.85) | 13.0 (0.51) | 13.8 (0.54) | 24.5 (0.96) | 53.5 (2.11) | 99.7 (3.93) | 123.7 (4.87) | 148.4 (5.84) | 1,011.6 (39.82) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.25 mm) | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 10.3 |
| Source: Starlings Roost Weather (precipitation 1913–2023) ||||||||||||||
# Earnings surprise

An earnings surprise, or unexpected earnings, in accounting, is the difference between the reported earnings and the expected earnings of an entity. Measures of a firm's expected earnings, in turn, include analysts' forecasts of the firm's profit and mathematical models of expected earnings based on the earnings of previous accounting periods.

## Effect of earnings surprises

Stock markets tend to react in the same direction as earnings surprises—positively to positive earnings surprises and negatively to negative earnings surprises—although a significant proportion of earnings surprises result in stock markets reacting in the opposite direction, which may be a reaction to other relevant information released with the earnings announcement or inaccurate measurement of the earnings surprise.
The market, however, may not correctly estimate the implications of earnings surprises when it revises its expectations of future earnings, which will decrease the change in stock prices associated with the change in earnings. In fact, many studies in accounting research have documented that the market takes up to a year to adjust to earnings announcements, a phenomenon known as the post-earnings announcement drift.
Large negative earnings surprises may have legal and reputational costs to managers. Firstly, managers can be held personally liable if shareholders sue the firm for failing to disclose negative earnings news promptly. Secondly, money managers may choose not to hold, and analysts may choose not to follow, the stocks of firms whose managers have reputations for withholding bad news. This may contribute to managers' voluntary disclosure of information related to negative earnings surprises: quarterly earnings announcements containing large negative earnings surprises are preempted by voluntary disclosures more frequently than are other earnings announcements.

## Measurement

Earnings surprises can be measured using historical earnings or analysts' forecasts.
In accounting research, a measure that uses historical earnings is standardized unexpected earnings (SUE). SUE is the standardized difference between reported earnings and expected earnings, where expected earnings is modelled based on the assumption that earnings follows a seasonal random walk with a specific trend. In other words, in the case of quarterly earnings the SUE for quarter t is
    $SUE_{t}={\frac {Q_{t}-E(Q_{t})}{\sigma (Q_{t}-E(Q_{t}))}}$
where σ(X) is the standard deviation of X, and the expected earnings, E(Q$_t$), is calculated using prior reported earnings:
    $E(Q_{t})=\delta +Q_{t-4}$
where Q$_{t-4}$ is the reported earnings for quarter t-4 and δ is the average trend.
An alternative measure of SUE that uses analysts' forecasts is
    $SUE={\frac {EPS-Forecast}{\sigma (EPS-Forecast)}}$
where EPS is a firm's earnings per share, and Forecast is analysts' consensus forecast of its earnings per share.
# John Mitchell (cricketer)

William John Mitchell (born 1 December 1947) is a former New Zealand cricketer, who played first-class cricket for Northern Districts and Otago. A right-handed batsman and occasional right-arm medium pace bowler, Mitchell played 14 first-class matches between 1964 and 1969, scoring 634 runs at 27.56 and taking one wicket.

## Career

Born in Auckland, Mitchell began his first-class career in 1964 for Northern Districts. He began successfully, playing three matches over the summer of 1964/65 and scoring 212 runs at 53.00, including one half century and the only century of his career, 127* on debut against Pakistan. He also took his only first class wicket in this debut match, that of Abdul Kadir.
Mitchell had a far less successful season over the summer of 1965/66. where he again played three matches for Northern Districts; however his return was only 71 runs at 14.20, with a high score of 38. The following season, his last for Northern Districts, returned 252 runs from six matches at 22.90, with two fifties and a high score of 74. For the next season, Mitchell moved to Otago. He played two matches in the 1968/69 season, scoring 99 runs at 33.00, the second highest season average of his career, with a single half century of 52 his highest score.
Mitchell also played two first-class matches for the New Zealand Under-23s. In the 1966–67 match against Central Districts he scored 74 out of the Under-23s' first innings of 140.
John played his club cricket for Burnside West Christchurch University Cricket Club in Canterbury, first joining when he was attending Teachers college. He was the very first president of The Willow's Cricket Club in Loburn Canterbury.
As an educator John was a highly respected divisional principal at Burnside High School before his retirement.
# Azabu-Mamianachō

Azabu-Mamianachō (麻布狸穴町) is a district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As of February 1, 2020, the total population is 697.
Azabu-Mamianachō borders Azabudai on the north and east, Azabu-Nagasakachō on the west, and Higashiazabu on the south.
The district has one small ward park, Mamiana Park (狸穴公園, Mamiana Kōen), whose total area is 1,771.90 meters squared.
It used to be called Iigura village (飯倉村, Iigura-mura).

## Education

Minato City Board of Education operates public elementary and junior high schools.
Azabu-Mamianachō is zoned to Azabu Elementary School (麻布小学校) and Roppongi Junior High School (六本木中学校).
# Petőfi Csarnok

Petőfi Csarnok (Hungarian pronunciation:, "Petőfi Hall"), often called PeCsa, was a leisure center and concert hall in Budapest, Hungary from 2016 to 2017. Placed in the Városliget, it was a famous concert spot for pop/rock music, serving as a home for cultural programs, exhibitions and fan clubs. The building consisted of a 1020 square metre hall, and an open stage with a guest capacity of 4500 people. After a number of delays, the building was finally demolished in early 2017 as part of the reconstruction of the surrounding park.

## History

The predecessor of the building was the Iparcsarnok, an exhibition building built in 1885. The building has been seriously damaged in World War II, followed by its demolition. Later the Budapest International Fair built a pavilion on its foundations. By the end of the seventies, the city's former youth center, the Budapesti Ifjúsági Park was in dire condition, so the city council decided upon the building of the Petőfi Csarnok, expanding the former pavilion. The center opened in 1985, serving as the only youth center in the city since then, holding over 15,000 programs, and having more than 10 million visitors.
Since its opening, the hall became more and more obsolete, and different ideas came and gone about PeCsa's total reconstruction, moving or demolition, making its future uncertain for a long time. The comprehensive plan to reconstruct the City Park sealed its fate to become mostly flattened grassfield.
# Jung Hong-youn

Jung Hong-Youn (born August 18, 1983) is a South Korean footballer. Since 2014, he has played for Bucheon FC 1995 (formerly Busan I'Park, Jeju United, Pohang Steelers and Chunnam Dragons).
# William T. Davis

William Thompson Davis (October 12, 1862 – January 22, 1945) was an American naturalist, entomologist, and historian especially associated with Staten Island in New York City. He was prominent in the borough's affairs throughout his life.

## Biography

Davis was born in New Brighton, Staten Island in 1862. His family history on Staten Island dates back to the 17th century. He was largely self-taught, but nonetheless made huge contributions to the study of Staten Island’s community and natural history. Davis wrote a number of books about the history and natural geography of Staten Island. In 1892 he wrote Days Afield on Staten Island which catalogues the island’s plants and animals, while Staten Island and Its People, which he coauthored with Charles W. Leng (1859-1941) in 1930, is one of the greatest accounts of Staten Island history. He was also an entomologist enjoying an international reputation as an expert on cicadas.

## Civic affairs

In 1881, Davis and Nathaniel Britton, Arthur Hollick, Edward Delevan, and Charles W. Leng founded the Natural Science Association of Staten Island. That organization would later become the Staten Island Institute of Arts & Sciences. Davis was vice-president.
In the 1930s, Davis and Loring McMillen led volunteer preservationists from the Staten Island Historical Society in transforming the former County Clerk's Office and Surrogate's Office at the former county seat of Richmondtown into a museum. That was the beginning of Historic Richmond Town.
Davis was president of the Staten Island Historical Society, and its collections include material relating to Davis, including a straw hat that belonged to him.

## Wildlife refuge

A bird sanctuary was created in a marshy area of New Springville, Staten Island, in 1933 at the urging of Davis. It was maintained by the National Audubon Society and the New York City Parks Department. Enlarged to 260 acres (1.1 km$^2$) in 1956, it was renamed the William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge in his honor.
# List of Marathi films of 1949

A list of films produced by the Marathi language film industry based in Maharashtra in the year 1949.

## 1949 Releases

A list of Marathi films released in 1949.
| Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes |
| 1949 | Pyala | Phani Majumdar | | |
| 1949 | Sant Janabai | Govind B. Ghanekar | Hansa Wadkar | Simultaneously made in Marathi and Hindi |
| 1949 | Sakharpuda | Vasant Joglekar | | |
| 1949 | Sant Namdev | K. Talpade | Lalita Pawar | |
| 1949 | Mazha Ram | Gunjal | | |
| 1949 | Brahmagotala | Pralhad Keshav Atre | | |
| 1949 | Sant Ramdas | Raja Nene | | |
| 1949 | Meeth Bhakar | Bhalji Pendharkar | | |
| 1949 | Manacha Pan | A.R. Sheikh | Lalita Pawar | |
| 1949 | Maya Bazaar | Datta Dharmadhikari | Durga Khote | Simultaneously made in Marathi and Hindi |
| 1949 | Jaaga Bhadyani Dene Aahe | Achyut Govind Ranade | | |
# Eugene Michael Gluhareff

Eugene Michael Gluhareff (April 5, 1916 – July 15, 1994) was born in Petrograd (now known as St. Petersburg), Russia and moved to the United States in 1924. Gluhareff was an engineer, the son of Michael Gluhareff of Sikorsky Aircraft. He is much acclaimed for his pioneering work on tip jets, inventor of the Gluhareff Pressure Jet and was a contributor to the American Helicopter XH-26 Jet Jeep.

## Early life

Eugene M. Gluhareff was born in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1916, was the oldest of two children, born to Michael E. Gluhareff and Antonina Gluhareff. His father, Michael E. Gluhareff was an aircraft engineer who was a former Chief engineer at the Sikorsky Aircraft division of the United Aircraft Corporation, who graduated from the Russian Imperial Military Engineering College (now known as the Saint Petersburg Military Engineering-Technical University).
Gluhareff graduated from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1944 with a Bachelor of Sciences in Aeronautical Engineering. Immediately after his graduation, Gluhareff went to work at Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in Bridgeport, Connecticut; where he worked under Igor A. Sikorsky.

## Career

Gluhareff began his career at the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in 1944, one of the initial projects he worked on included the VS-300 and the R-4 helicopters. Gluhareff began working on the Pulse Jet Engine in 1947 for Sikorsky.
In 1950, Gluhareff moved to California in order to work with the company, American Helicopter. One of the helicopters he worked on during the early 1950s was the XA-5 "Top Sergeant", a valved pulse-jet powered helicopter. In 1953, after working on several other projects, Gluhareff founded the Gluhareff Helicopters Corporation.
Gluhareff began working with the U.S. Navy in order to develop Rotary Drones in 1960. In 1964, Gluhareff joined the Douglas Aircraft Company, where he worked as a Design Engineer Scientist in the development of the S-4 stage of the Saturn Rocket which was part of the Apollo program. Gluhareff continued to work with the company, as it became the McDonnell Douglas company, where he eventually became a specialist in rocket stabilization system designing used for ejection seats and capsules.
Gluhareff returned to EMG Engineering, his own company in 1972, where he continued working until his death, one of the last projects he worked on was the EMG-300, also known as the "Flying Motorcycle", which was designed in the early 1990s.

## Death

Gluhareff died due to illness whilst he was working on the production and marketing stage of the EMG-300 helicopter in 1994.
# Joseph A. Craig High School

Joseph A. Craig High School is a public high school located in the city of Janesville, Wisconsin. Craig, a part of the School District of Janesville, has a student enrollment of approximately 1,800. Located on the east side of Janesville, it is named after Joseph A. Craig, who was instrumental in attracting the General Motors Janesville Assembly Plant to the city.

## History

The original building, simply known as Janesville High School, was opened in 1955. The school was later renamed Joseph A. Craig High School in 1967 with the opening of George S. Parker High School on the west side of Janesville.

## Athletics

The school sports teams compete in the Big Eight Conference. State level competition is governed by the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association (WIAA).

### State championships

* Baseball: 1983, 1984, 1998, 2015
* Cross country (girls): 1991

#### as Janesville High School

* Cross country (boys): 1950, 1961, 1962
* Golf (boys): 1951, 1953, 1963
* Swimming & diving (boys): 1955, 1961
* Wrestling: 1955 (co-state champion with Madison East)

## Performing arts

Craig has a varsity-level competitive show choirs, the "Spotlighters". The choir also hosts their own competition, the Spotlight Spectacular. Spotlighters have a history of placing well at competitions, even winning some championships.

## Notable alumni

* Keeanu Benton, NFL nose tackle for the Pittsburgh Steelers
* Sue Conley, Wisconsin state legislator
* Edward Creutz, physicist
* Russ Feingold, United States Senator (1993–2011)
* Tucker Fredricks, speed skater
* Israel Hanukoglu, biochemist
* Tom Klawitter, professional baseball player
* Tad Kubler, lead guitarist for rock band The Hold Steady
* Kerwin Mathews, actor
* Max Maxfield, Wyoming State Auditor (1999–2007) and 20th Secretary of State of Wyoming (2007–2015)
* John E. McCoy, Major General, Air National Guard
* Erin Murphy Majority Leader of the Minnesota Senate, District 64 Representative
* Andrew Poppas, General, Army
* Manilla Powers, actress, vaudevillian
* Paul Ryan, 54th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (2015–2019) and U.S. Representative (1999–2019)
* Bob Strampe, professional baseball player
* Bryan Steil, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (2019 to present)
* Clay Weatherly, Indy car driver
# The Fix

The Fix may refer to:

## Music

* The Fix (album), a 2002 release by rap artist Scarface
* The Fixx, a New Wave band from London, England, U.K.
* The Fix (band), a hardcore band from Lansing, Michigan
* The Fix, a 2005 EP by Jordan Knight
* The Fix (musical), a 1997 musical by John Dempsey and Dana P. Rowe
* "The Fix" (song), a 2015 single by Nelly
* "The Fix", song by Elbow from The Seldom Seen Kid
* The Fix (opera), a 2019 opera about the Chicago Black Sox Scandal.

## Publications

* The Fix (blog), an American political weblog on The Washington Post website
* The Fix (book), a 2012 book about addiction by British writer and Daily Telegraph columnist Damian Thompson

## Film and television

* The Art of the Steal (2013 film) or The Fix, a Canadian comedy film
* "The Fix" (Heroes), a 2007 episode of the NBC TV series
* "The Fix" (House), a 2011 TV episode
* "The Fix" (Person of Interest), a 2011 TV episode
* The Fix (1997 film), a British TV film about the 1964 betting scandal in English association football
* The Fix (2006 TV series), a celebrity entertainment news show on LivingTV from 2006 to 2009
* The Fix (2008 TV series), a home improvement show on HGTV that began in 2008
* The Fix (2018 TV series), an American Netflix comedy panel show hosted by Jimmy Carr
* The Fix (2019 TV series), an American TV series on ABC
* The Fix (2024 film), South African science fiction film