OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zelva

Zelva (Belarusian: Зэльва; Russian: Зельва; Polish: Zelwa; Yiddish: זעלווא) is an urban-type settlement in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Zelva District. It is situated by the Zelvyanka River. As of 2024, it has a population of 6,296.

## History

Initially Zelwa was a private possession of various nobles, by the mid-16th century it became a possession of the Polish Crown, and in the 17th century it became again a private possession of nobility, including the Sapieha, Połubiński, Radziwiłł, Jarmołowicz and Konarzewski families. In 1720 weekly markets and annual fairs were established. In 1739 a Piarist monastery was founded.
In the interbellum, it was administratively located in the Wołkowysk County in the Białystok Voivodeship of Poland. According to the 1921 census, the population was 63.4% Jewish, 31.1% Polish and 5.3% Belarusian.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, it was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1 July 1941, and then by Nazi Germany until 12 July 1944 and administered as a part of Bezirk Bialystok. When the Germans entered the town, they killed 40 to 50 Jewish men and kept the Jews of the town imprisoned in a ghetto in very harsh conditions. In November 1942, the Jews were deported and murdered at the Treblinka extermination camp.
# Palmer–Lewis Estate

Palmer–Lewis Estate is a historic estate and national historic district located at Bedford, Westchester County, New York. The district contains 12 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and four contributing structures. It includes the main house, 15 farm-related outbuildings, and landscape features such as stone walls, walled fields, the remains of an orchard and vegetable garden, a barnyard complex, and the ruins of a dairy barn. The main house is a late 18th-century residence redesigned about 1860 in the Italianate style.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# David Turnbull (abolitionist)

David Turnbull (1793–1851) was a leading 19th-century abolitionist and a British consul to Cuba. Turnbull, a Scotsman, was a key participant at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention of the Anti-Slavery Society. Turnbull was blamed for creating a revolt in Cuba that resulted in 1844 being known as the Year of the Lash.

## Life

From 1830, Turnbull was a foreign correspondent for The Times. He spent time in Paris, in the Hague and in Brussels during 1830 and 1831. In 1832, he was sent to Madrid, where he worked with George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, the British representative to Spain, to get the Spanish government to reaffirm their commitment to ending slavery; the Spanish did this in 1835.
Turnbull wrote to Lord Palmerston, the British foreign secretary at the time, arguing that slavery was "the greatest practical evil that ever afflicted mankind."
Turnbull had spent the latter part of 1838 and early 1839 travelling in Cuba, where slavery remained legal. In 1840, he produced his best-known work, Travels in the West: Cuba; with Notices of Porto Rico and the Slave Trade. In August 1840, Lord Palmerston named Turnbull the British consul to Cuba; however, Cuba expelled him in 1842 after he was accused of attempting to incite a slave revolt. In 1844, the so-called Year of the Lash in Cuban history, there was apparently an aborted slave revolt known as the Conspiración de La Escalera. Cuban authorities convicted Turnbull in absentia of being the "prime mover" of the conspiracy, but Turnbull was never extradited. After revelations about the revolt, thousands of enslaved and free Afro-Cubans were executed, imprisoned, or banished from the island. Turnbull remained active in the abolitionist movement until his death in 1851.
# Trolleybuses in Kingston upon Hull

The Kingston upon Hull trolleybus system once served the city of Kingston upon Hull (usually referred to as Hull), in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Opened for service on 25 July 1937 (1937-07-25) (two days after a ceremonial inauguration), it gradually replaced the Hull tramway network.
By the standards of the various now-defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Hull system was a medium-sized one, with a total of 7 routes, and a maximum fleet of 100 trolleybuses. It was closed on 31 October 1964 (1964-10-31).
Hull's distinctively liveried trolleybuses played a role in the Philip Larkin poem, Here, which is set in Hull. None have survived.
# Crozet Historic District

The Crozet Historic District is a national historic district located in Crozet, Albemarle County, Virginia. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 28, 2012. It includes 227 properties deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area along with 73 additional non-contributing properties for a total of 300 properties. They include representative examples of the mid-19th century Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styles, late-Victorian Italianate, Queen Anne, and Victorian styles and from the late-19th century- and early-20th century, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Bungalow/Craftsman and Commercial styles. The district also includes examples of modern-era Postmodern style.
# Yvonne D'Arle

Yvonne D'Arle (December 1, 1898 – March 25, 1977) was a French-born American soprano singer, born Eugenie Marguerite Patet. She sang with the Metropolitan Opera from 1921 to 1925.

## Early life

Eugenie Marguerite Patet was born in Lyon, France, and raised in Rockford, Illinois. Her father, Joseph Patet, was a teacher in Chicago. She attended Rockford Seminary in Illinois, and Miss Wolcott's School for Girls in Denver, Colorado. D'Arle trained as a singer under Estelle Liebling and William Thorner.

## Career

D'Arle toured in The Lilac Domino early in her career. She was singing and dancing at a New York cabaret in New York when she was discovered by music critic Sylvester Rawling. She joined the Metropolitan Opera in 1921, and sang with them for five years. In 1922 she sang at a benefit for the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum Society, with singer Titta Ruffo and dancer Roshanara as her co-stars. She also sang with the Municipal Theatre Association in St. Louis, Missouri, and with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, in the 1920s. She toured South America with the Bracale Grand Opera Company. In the summer of 1927 she embarked on a European tour with Titta Ruffo, singing in France (at the Deauville Casino's Grand Opera and at the Ostend Kursaal), Germany, and Switzerland.
D'Arle appeared in three Broadway musical productions: Fancy Free (1918), Countess Maritza (1926-1927), and The Three Musketeers (1928). She sang the national anthem at the launch of the radio station WNEW-AM in 1934.

## Personal life

D'Arle was involved with fellow opera singer Titta Ruffo. She married twice. Her first husband, Clyde Edward Ganun, died in the 1918 flu pandemic; her second husband was antiques dealer Salvador Benguiat. She had one son, Clyde Ganun (1917-1983). She died in 1977, aged 80 years, in Cannes, France, where she had a villa in Cap d'Antibes since at least her 1927 European tour.
# Haras de Fresnay-le-Buffard

Haras de Fresnay-le-Buffard was a Thoroughbred horse breeding farm in Neuvy-au-Houlme in the Orne department in Lower Normandy purchased by Marcel Boussac in 1919. Widely respected, Marcel Boussac was called "the greatest of French breeders" by John P. Sparkman, an editor with Thoroughbred Times. Boussac's highly successful operation produced a number of racing champions through its numerous top foundation broodmares and world class sires.
Among the many top runners from Haras de Fresnay-Le-Buffard were Corrida, Djebel, Pharis, Ardan, and Marsyas. For breeding purposes, Marcel Boussac purchased the United States Triple Crown winner Whirlaway and sold the mare La Troienne to Edward R. Bradley's Idle Hour Stock Farm in Lexington, Kentucky who became one of the most influential mares to be imported into the U.S. in the 20th century. He also bred raced, and ultimately sold Ambiorix to Claiborne Farm in Kentucky who became the Leading sire in North America in 1961.
Following the German occupation of France the Nazis seized some of the best racehorses in the country including those at Haras de Fresnay-Le-Buffard who were shipped to Germany to be used for breeding at the German National Stud. Following the end of the War in 1945, some of these horses were recovered and returned to stud duty.
French Champion sires bred at Haras de Fresnay-Le-Buffard were:
* Astérus (1934)
* Tourbillon (1940, 1942, 1945)
* Pharis (1944)
* Goya II (1947, 1948)
* Djebel (1949, 1956)
In the late 1970s, Marcel Boussac's business empire ran into severe financial difficulties that led to bankruptcy. Haras de Fresnay-le-Buffard was sold to Fresnay Agricole S.A. who owned it for only a short time before selling it to Stavros Niarchos. Who won big victories with spinning World, Karakonties, karakonties or Dream Well. In 2025, the haras was sold to Cheik Mansour owner of Manchester City Fc from UAE .
# Loren Oldenburg

Loren Oldenburg (born September 8, 1965) is an American farmer and Republican politician from Vernon County, Wisconsin. He served three terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 96th Assembly district from 2019 to 2025. He previously served as chairman of the town board of Harmony, Vernon County, Wisconsin.

## Early life and caeer

Oldenburg was born in Viroqua, Vernon County, Wisconsin. A fourth generation farmer, he was raised and still resides on a 315-acre farm in Vernon County passed down from his great grandfather. Oldenburg graduated from Viroqua High School in 1984 and the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse.
He was active within his community, as a member and president of the Westby Cooperative Creamery, and, for the last 19 years, as a member and president of the Chaseburg Cenex Cooperative. He was elected to the Town Board of Harmony, Vernon County, and served as the Town Board chairman.

## State Assembly

He ran for the Wisconsin State Assembly in 2018, announcing his campaign just days after incumbent Lee Nerison announced his retirement. He was unopposed in the Republican primary and won a narrow victory over Democrat Paul Buhr in the November general election, carrying 52% of the vote.
In the Assembly, Oldenburg serves on the Committees on Consumer Protection, Energy and Utilities, Rural Development, and Workforce Development, and is vice chairman of the Committee on the Environment. He was also appointed to the Speaker's Task Force on Suicide Prevention, an issue that has become prominent in rural Wisconsin due to the increasing number of farm bankruptcies.

## Personal life and family

Oldenburg and his wife, Linda, reside and own the Oldenburg Centennial Farms in Vernon County, Wisconsin. They are members of the Viroqua Church of Christ.

## Electoral history
### Wisconsin State Assembly (2018–present)

| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Elected | Elected | Elected | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Total | Plurality |
| 2018 | General | Nov. 6 | Loren Oldenburg | Republican | 12,327 | 51.65% | Paul Buhr | Dem. | 11,536 | 48.34% | 23,866 | 791 |
| 2020 | General | Nov. 3 | Loren Oldenburg (inc) | Republican | 16,812 | 56.27% | Josefine Jaynes | Dem. | 13,059 | 43.71% | 29,876 | 3,753 |
| 2022 | General | Nov. 8 | Loren Oldenburg (inc) | Republican | 14,814 | 58.53% | Jayne M. Swiggum | Dem. | 10,483 | 41.42% | 25,308 | 4,331 |
| 2024 | General | Nov. 5 | Tara Johnson | Democratic | 16,615 | 50.97% | Loren Oldenburg (inc) | Rep. | 15,963 | 48.97% | 32,595 | 652 |
# Curry in the Crown: The Story of Britain's Favourite Dish

Curry in the Crown: The Story of Britain's Favourite Dish is a book written by Shrabani Basu. It was originally published in India in 1999, and later published in the United Kingdom under the title Curry: The Story of the Nation's Favourite Dish. The book discusses how Indian food became a million dollar business in the United Kingdom.
HarperCollins published the book in India, whilst Sutton Publishing published the book in the United Kingdom. The British version includes a guide to restaurants in the United Kingdom which serve curry.

## Reception

Tunku Varadarajan, writing in India Today, said that the history of Indian food in the United Kingdom was a compelling story. However he called Basu's book "shoddily written and mind-bogglingly banal", offering "no anthropological insights, few historical perspectives, no literary conspectus, little sociological research".
Colin Paterson of the Sunday Sun wrote that he wished that the restaurant guide covered the Tyne and Wear area.
# Oz Brigade

The 89th Brigade "Oz" ("Courage" in Hebrew) is a special forces brigade of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It was established in December 2015. The new brigade, dubbed the Commando Brigade, is composed solely of infantry special-operations units removed from their previous chain of command structures to create a new tactical formation. Commanded by Colonel Omer Cohen, the brigade operates as part of the 98th Division.

## Ideation and development

According to the IDF, the Commando Brigade is the brainchild of Lieutenant General Gadi Eisenkot and is the implementation of operational lessons learned during Operation Protective Edge in the summer of 2014 and the Second Lebanon War in 2006. According to the 98th Division Commander, the brigade is an integration of the elite teams of the Infantry Corps under one command, and a body expected to lead operational and tactical thinking in order to establish a new warfare doctrine. The new Brigade is intended to provide special operations units a previously lacking centre of gravity.
The concept of a commando brigade was developed by IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot during the formulation of the 5-years military plan. The new brigade is said to draw further parallels between Israel's special forces and American 75th Ranger Regiment.
Other special-operations units, Sayeret Matkal, Shayetet 13, Shaldag, Oketz and Yahalom continue to operate independently.

### Brigade organization 2024

The 89th Brigade consists of three (formerly four) special operations units of the IDF: The brigade had a fourth battalion, the now defunct Unit 845, or "Rimon", desert warfare unit, which was absorbed into Maglan in June 2018. As of 2023, the brigade consists of:
* 89th Commando Brigade Oz/Courage
** Unit 212 "Maglan" – special reconnaissance unit
** Unit 217 "Duvdevan" – undercover counter terrorism unit
** Unit 621 "Egoz" – guerilla warfare unit
** Commando School "Oz"
** Aerial Medical Unit
** Logistic Battalion
** Signal Company

## Commanders

* Brigadier General David Zini (2015–2017)
* Brigadier General Avi Blot (2017–2018)
* Colonel Kobi Heller (2018 –2021)
* Brigadier General Meni Liberty (2021–2023)
* Colonel Omer Cohen (2023-present)

## Insignia

The insignia chosen for the new brigade depicts the Hebrew letter Quf (ק), the first letter in the Hebrew word for Commando (קומנדו), composed of a commando knife rising from the sea and a double headed arrow above it. It symbolizes the special designation of the brigade and its mobility, by air, land or sea.
# Monte Grande, Texas

Monte Grande is an unincorporated community in Cameron County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 97 in 2000. It is located within the Rio Grande Valley and the Brownsville-Harlingen metropolitan area.

## History

Monte Grande existed as a community in the late 1970s. The county highway map of that decade showed one business here. Its population was 97 in 2000.

## Geography

Monte Grande is located off Farm to Market Road 2925, 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Harlingen in northern Cameron County.

## Education

Today, the community is served by the Los Fresnos Consolidated Independent School District. Children in the community attend Las Yescas Elementary School, Liberty Memorial Middle School, and Los Fresnos High School.
# Fair Oaks, Fairfax County, Virginia

Fair Oaks is a census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population at the 2020 census was 34,052. It encompasses a large area west of the city of Fairfax, centered on Fair Oaks Mall. Suburban neighborhoods and office parks occupy most of Fair Oaks, largely developed since the 1980s.
The Fair Oaks CDP is bordered by Fair Lakes and Greenbriar to the west, and by Oakton and Fairfax city to the east. The Fair Oaks Mall is at the center of the CDP, in the angle formed by U.S. Route 50 to the northeast and Interstate 66 to the south, which intersect at I-66's Exit 57. I-66 leads east 19 miles (31 km) to Washington, D.C., and west 61 miles (98 km) to Strasburg, Virginia. U.S. 50 leads east into Fairfax and Washington and northwest 53 miles (85 km) to Winchester, Virginia. U.S. Route 29 forms the southern border of the CDP, leading east into Fairfax and Washington and west 17 miles (27 km) to Gainesville.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Fair Oaks CDP has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13.1 km$^2$), of which 5.0 square miles (13.0 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 0.99%, is water.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

At the 2020 census (some information from the 2022 American Community Survey) there were 34,052 people, 15,561 housing units and 15,257 households residing in the CDP. The population density was 6,810.4 inhabitants per square mile (2,619.4/km$^2$). The average housing unit density was 3,112.2 per square mile (1,197.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 45.63% White, 10.70% African American, 0.21% Native American, 29.19% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 3.48% from other races, and 10.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 10.40% of the population.
Of the households, 42.8% were married couple families, 19.5% were a male family householder with no spouse, and 29.9% were a female family householder with no spouse. The average family household had 3.11 people.
The median age was 34.3, 19.3% of people were under the age of 18, and 8.4% were 65 years of age or older. The largest ancestry is the 8.8% who had Irish ancestry, 41.7% spoke a language other than English at home, and 34.8% were born outside the United States, 61.3% of whom were naturalized citizens.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $118,819, and the median income for a family was $148,737. 4.8% of the population were military veterans, and 71.2% had a bachelor's degree or higher. In the CDP 6.4% of the population was below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under the age of 18 and 5.3% of those aged 65 or over, with 5.1% of the population without health insurance.

### 2010 census

The population at the 2010 census was 30,223.
# Wagner & Co Solar Technology

Wagner & Co. Solar Technology is a German-based solar power company. Its main headquarters are located at Cölbe, Germany. The company's products include solar, solar thermal and pellet-heating systems. The company has branches in France, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.

## History

Wagner & Co. was founded in 1979 in Germany by a group of environmental technology students. The students wanted to create an ecological alternative to environmental damage and nuclear energy. This desire led to the development and production of a range of solar thermal systems, photovoltaic systems and wood pellet heating systems (Solar Thermal World). Wagner now is a staff-owned company that employs more than 400 employees within a democratic company structure.

## Recognition

In 2010, Wagner & Co was nominated as one of the top three most sustainable brands in the running for the German Sustainability Award (Deutscher).
# Nannim Langyi

Nannim Jospeh Langyi is a Nigerian politician. He currently serves as the State Representatives representing Langtang North constituency at the 10th Plateau State House of Assembly.
# Cuero Commercial Historic District

The Cuero Commercial Historic District in Cuero, Texas is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It includes multiple works of architect Jules Leffland. The listing included 59 contributing buildings.
# Caribbean Telecommunications Union

The Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) is an intergovernmental organization established by CARICOM in 1989, to facilitate development of the telecommunications sector in the Caribbean.

## Governance
### Secretaries-general

| Name | Years |
| Deoraj Ramnarine | 1990–1994 |
| Roderick Sanatan | 1994–1999 |
| Laurent Justinian Coipel | 2000–2002 |
| Bernadette Lewis | 2003–2020 |
| Rodney Taylor | 2021–present |

## Regional initiatives
### Caribbean Internet Governance Forum (CIGF)

In 2005, the CTU and the CARICOM Secretariat initiated the CIGF as a regional, multi-stakeholder, annual forum. As part of the 18th CIGF in 2022, the CTU hosted the inaugural Small Island Developing States Internet Governance Forum (SIDS IGF) in Trinidad and Tobago.

### Other initiatives

* Caribbean Regional Communications Infrastructure Programme (CARCIP)
* Caribbean Spectrum Planning and Management Project
* Caribbean Centre of Excellence
* Caribbean ICT Roadshow
* ICT for Persons with Disabilities
* Caribbean Network Operators Group (CaribNOG)

## Member states

* Anguilla
* Antigua and Barbuda
* The Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* The British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Grenada
* Guyana
* Jamaica
* Montserrat
* St. Kitts and Nevis
* St. Lucia
* St. Maarten
* St. Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* The Turks and Caicos Islands
Between September and October 2022, 13 of the CTU member states participated in the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Plenipotentiary Conference (PP-22) in Bucharest, Romania.
# Kareem Huggins

Kareem Huggins (born May 24, 1986) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. Huggins graduated from Bayley Ellard High School in New Jersey and played college football at Hofstra University.

## Professional career
### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent prior to the 2009 season. After his September release, Huggins was signed to the Buccaneers' practice squad, where he remained until his activation to the active roster for Week 16 in December.
Huggins earned a backup running back spot in camp in 2010, but a week 6 knee injury against the New Orleans Saints ended his season, landing him on injured reserve. The severe knee injury led to the Buccaneers not tendering Huggins a contract for the 2011 season.

### New England Patriots

Huggins was signed by the New England Patriots on August 4, 2012, after spending the 2011 season out of football. He was released the next day.

### New York Jets

He was signed to the New York Jets' practice squad on September 25, 2013. He was released on October 2, 2013.
# Obetta Chidi

Obetta Mark Chidi is a Nigerian politician. He currently serves as the Federal Representative representing Nsukka/Igbo Eze South constituency of Enugu State in the 10th National Assembly.
# J. Henry Tate

James Henry Tate (March 5, 1830 – April 18, 1918) was an American merchant, farmer, and Republican politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate (1876 & 1877) and Assembly (1873), representing Vernon County.

## Biography

Born in Landgrove, Vermont, where he was raised on his family's farm, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1847 where he was a clerk. In 1849, he moved to California and then back to Boston. In 1860, Tate moved to Rhode Island. During the American Civil War, he enlisted in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry and was a commissary sergeant. Then, in 1865, Tate settled in Viroqua, Wisconsin, where he owned a store. He also owned another store in Cashton, Wisconsin. Tate served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican and then served in the Wisconsin State Senate in 1876 and 1877.