# Cyanoramphus

Cyanoramphus is a genus of parakeets native to New Zealand and islands of the southern Pacific Ocean. The New Zealand species are locally called kākāriki. They are small to medium-sized parakeets with long tails and predominantly green plumage. Most species are forest dwellers, although several of the subantarctic species live in open grassland. The genus formerly had a widely disjunct distribution; while most of the genus ranged from New Caledonia to Macquarie Island, two species were found in the Society Islands, 4,100 km (2,500 mi) away from the rest.
Like many other species of birds, the Cyanoramphus parakeets have suffered from changes brought about by humans. The two species from the Society Islands, the black-fronted parakeet and the Society parakeet, are now extinct, as are the taxa from Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island, and an undescribed Campbell Island form. One species, Malherbe's parakeet (C. malherbi), is critically endangered, while most other species are endangered or vulnerable. Habitat loss and introduced species are considered responsible for the declines and extinctions.
The genus Cyanoramphus was introduced in 1854 by French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kuanos meaning "dark-blue" and rhamphos meaning "bill". The type species was designated by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1855 as what is now the extinct black-fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus zealandicus).

## Species

Of the 12 recognised species, four are extinct:
Genus Cyanoramphus – Bonaparte, 1854 – twelve species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| New Caledonian parakeet | Cyanoramphus saisseti Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860 | New Caledonia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | |
| Chatham Islands parakeet | Cyanoramphus forbesi Rothschild, 1893 | Chatham Islands, New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
| Norfolk parakeet | Cyanoramphus cookii Gray, 1859 | Norfolk Island, Australia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | EN |
| Antipodes parakeet | Cyanoramphus unicolor (Lear, 1831) | Antipodes Islands, New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
| Yellow-crowned parakeet | Cyanoramphus auriceps (Kuhl, 1820) | New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: | NT |
| Malherbe's parakeet or orange-fronted parakeet | Cyanoramphus malherbi Souancé, 1857 | New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: | CR |
| Red-crowned parakeet | Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae (Sparrman, 1787) Four subspecies C. n. cyanurus Salvadori, 1891 C. n. novaezelandiae (Sparrman, 1787) C. n. chathamensis Oliver, 1930 † C. n. erythrotis (Wagler, 1832) | New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Reischek's parakeet | Cyanoramphus hochstetteri (Reischek, 1889) | Antipodes Islands, New Zealand | Size: Habitat: Diet: | |
| † Lord Howe parakeet | Cyanoramphus subflavescens Salvadori, 1891 | Lord Howe Island, Australia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | EX |
| † Macquarie parakeet | Cyanoramphus erythrotis (Wagler, 1832) | Macquarie Island, Australia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | EX |
| † Black-fronted parakeet | Cyanoramphus zealandicus (Latham, 1790) | Tahiti, French Polynesia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | EX |
| † Raiatea parakeet | Cyanoramphus ulietanus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) | Raiatea, French Polynesia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | EX |
Also, subfossil remains have been found from a yet undescribed extinct species from Campbell Island, New Zealand.
Eunymphicus
Cyanoramphus
New Caledonian parakeet (C. saisseti)
Chatham Islands parakeet (C. forbesi)
Norfolk parakeet (C. cookii)
Antipodes parakeet (C. unicolor)
Yellow-crowned parakeet (C. auriceps)
Malherbe's parakeet (C. malherbi)
Reischek's parakeet (C. hochstetteri)
Red-crowned parakeet (C. n. chathamensis)
Red-crowned parakeet (C. n. novaezelandiae) :
Phylogeny of Cyanoramphus :