OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cedar Bog

Cedar Bog State Nature Preserve is a fen left behind by the retreating glaciers of the Wisconsin glaciation about 12,000-18,000 years ago. A protected area of about 450 acres (180 ha) of fen remains from the original area of approximately 7,000 acres (28 km$^2$).
Cedar Bog is located in Champaign County, Ohio, United States, near the city of Urbana. Groundwater from the Mad River Valley and the Urbana Outwash percolate through hundreds of feet of gravel left behind by the glacier in the Teays River. The Teays River is an underground river that existed before the Wisconsin glacier which, before the glacier, rivaled the Ohio River in size.
In addition to the water that feeds the bog, the glacier also left behind plants that are unique to Cedar Bog. Many of these plants are rare or endangered. The sedges and other plants that grow here left behind by the last glacier were the food for mastodons and giant sloths that once roamed the earth. Also, trees found here like bog birch and northern white cedar are more commonly found in the more northern boreal forest. Cedar Bog is also the home of the endangered spotted turtle, massasauga rattlesnake, and Milbert's tortoise-shell butterfly.
Cedar Bog was purchased in 1942 by the State of Ohio using public funds for the purpose of setting it aside as a natural area. The land was turned over to the Ohio Historical Society for management. Cedar Bog was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service in 1967. The preserve was first dedicated as a state nature preserve in 1979 and has been amended several times since.
# Benjamin S. Edwards

Benjamin S. Edwards (June 3, 1818 – February 4, 1886) was an American lawyer, politician and judge.

## Benjamin S. Edwards' Biography

Benjamin S. Edwards was born on June 3, 1818, in Edwardsville, Illinois, the son of Ninian Edwards, who was governor of the Illinois Territory 1809-1818 and Governor of Illinois 1826-1830. Edwards was educated at Yale University, graduating in 1838. He then spent a year reading law with Stephen T. Logan, before being admitted to the bar of Illinois in March 1840.
Edwards practiced law for three years, and then, in 1843, set up a law partnership with John T. Stuart that would ultimately last forty years. His law practice would bring him into regular contact with Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, Edward Dickinson Baker, Jesse B. Thomas, and other prominent Illinois lawyers. Edwards gained a reputation as an excellent attorney.
Edwards was active in the Whig Party. In 1862, he served as a delegate from Sangamon County to the Illinois constituent assembly that produced the so-called "Copperhead Constitution" that was ultimately defeated by the voters. Edwards was one of many Whigs who supported Stephen A. Douglas over Abraham Lincoln as a U.S. senator from Illinois, believing that Douglas was more likely to save the Union.
Edwards spent 1869-70 as a judge on Illinois' Thirtieth Judicial Circuit. In 1885, the year before his death, he was elected to serve as president of the Illinois State Bar Association.
Edwards was married to Helen K. Dodge, daughter of Henry Dodge. Edwards' home in Springfield, where he lived from 1843 until his death, was an Illinois social center, and at various points Edwards entertained Ulysses S. Grant, Stephen A. Douglas, Lyman Trumbull, John Hay, Sidney Breese, and other well-known Illinois political figures. In the pre-Civil War period, Edwards routinely hosted annual "legislative parties" that were attended by all members of the Illinois General Assembly. Edwards' home was left to his daughter, who deeded it to the Springfield Art Association in 1913.
# Alana DiMario

Alana M. DiMario (born September 23, 1978) is an American politician and mental health councilor serving as a member of the Rhode Island Senate from the 36th district. Elected in November 2020, she assumed office on January 5, 2021.

## Education

DiMario earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Wells College and a Master of Science in clinical psychology from Bridgewater State University.

## Career

Outside of politics, DiMario works as a licensed mental health counselor in private practice. She was an unsuccessful candidate for the Rhode Island Senate in 2018. She ran again in 2020 and assumed office on January 5, 2021. DiMario also serves as vice chair of the Senate Environment and Agriculture Committee and co-chair of the Permanent Joint Legislative Commission on Child Care.
# Maharbek Tuganov

Maharbek Safarovich Tuganov (Ossetian: Тугъанты Сафары фырт Махарбег, 1881–1952) was an Ossetian painter, illustrator and graphic designer, mostly known for his illustrations for the Nart saga. He was people's artist of North Ossetian ASSR and honored worker of arts of Georgian SSR. He was also a pupil of Ilya Repin.

## Biography

Maharbek Tuganow was born in 1881 in the village of Dur-Dur in Terek Oblast. His father, Safar Aslangerievich Tuganov, was a botanist. When he was 8 years old he applied to a private boarding school. In 1891 he applied to the Real School of Vladikavkaz. In 1900 he was sent to Saint Petersburg to apply to a mining institute, but instead he applied to the Imperial Academy of Arts, in which Ilya Repin was working. In 1907 he founded his own study of arts in Vladikavkaz. In 1920 he became a chief of the propaganda department of the local bolshevik party. In 1926-1930 he taught academic drawing in Pedagogical technical school of Vladikavkaz. In 1930 he went to South Ossetia, into the city of Stalinir (modern Tskhinvali), where he created an art gallery in the Museum of Local History and worked as a main painter of the South Ossetian Dramatic State theatre. He spent the last years of his life in Ordzhonikidze (modern Vladikavkaz). He died in 1952 and was buried in the necropolis of the Ossetian church.

## Memory

* North Ossetian Republican Museum of Arts was named after him (Vladikavkaz)
* Museum-house in his native village of Dur-Dur,
* Academy of Arts in Tskhinvali, South Ossetia, was named after him.
* Tuganov Street it Tskhinvali,
* Tuganov Street in Vladikavkaz,
* Tuganov street in Digora,
* Tuganov street in Dur-Dur,
* Tuganov Street in Beslan.
# Gammon (meat)

Gammon in British English is the hind leg of pork after it has been cured by dry-salting or brining, and may or may not be smoked. Strictly speaking, a gammon is the bottom end of a whole side of bacon (which includes the back leg); ham is just the back leg cured on its own. Like bacon it must be cooked before it can be eaten; in that sense gammon is comparable to fresh pork meat, and different from dry-cured ham like jamón serrano or prosciutto. The term is mostly used in the United Kingdom and Ireland; other dialects of English largely make no distinction between gammon and ham.
Ham hock, gammon hock, or knuckle, is the back end of the joint, and contains more connective tissue and sinew.
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, joints of cooked gammon are often served at Christmas, but is produced and sold throughout the year. It can be found in most supermarkets either as a full joint or sliced into steaks, which can then be cooked via pan frying or grilling in a manner similar to bacon.
The word 'gammon' is derived from the Middle English word for 'ham', gambon, which is attested since the early 15th century and derived from Old North French gambon, itself derived from Old French jambon, which is identical to the modern French word for 'ham'. Old French jambon is attested since the 13th century and is derived from Old French jambe (gambe in Old North French) which in turn is derived from the Late Latin gamba, meaning 'leg/hock of a horse/animal'. Gamba can be traced to Greek kampe (κάμπη) meaning 'a bending/a joint', which is from Proto-Indo-European *kamp- ('to bend; crooked'). In some English dialects gambol, which is similarly derived, refers to a 'leg'.
In the 19th century, the word (sometimes extended to the phrase "gammon and spinach") had come to mean "humbug, a ridiculous story, deceitful talk" in Britain. In the 2010s it became a pejorative slang term for a white, right-wing person with a flushed red face.
# Gnazim Institute

Gnazim Institute of the Hebrew Writers Association in Israel (Hebrew: מכון גְּנָזִים) (founded in 1950) is the largest Hebrew literature archive in the world. It is located at Beit Ariela in Tel Aviv.

## History

The archive was established in 1951 by the Hebrew Writers Association in Israel, at the initiative of the writer and editor Asher Barash. After his death, the institute was named after him. Barash served as its first chairman until his death in 1952. He was replaced by David Shimoni, who served until his death in 1956. The third chairman was Yehuda Burla.
The institute operated under the auspices of the Hebrew Writers Association until 2003, when it became an independent body. However, it met financial difficulties and in 2007 was relinked to the Hebrew Writers Association. In 2010 it moved to space in the Beit Ariela library complex in Tel Aviv, where it has room for work and study and the collections are kept in proper, monitored conditions. From 2016, the institute is chaired by Adiva Geffen, a member of the board of the Hebrew Writers Association.
Asher Barash wrote in 1951:
"In due time it will be an archive and gathering place for the entire Jewish creative work, for collecting writings by Jews in any language, first and foremost Yiddish."

## The Collections

The purpose of the archive was to assemble and preserve the works of the Hebrew authors who lived and worked in different countries and in Israel. It contains manuscripts, letters, various personal documents and photographs, as well as a unique collection of recordings. The institute currently keeps close to 900 personal archives of writers, poets, playwrights, researchers and thinkers from the middle of the 19th century to the present day. Among the literary artists whose archives are kept in Gnazim are Judah Leib Gordon, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Yosef Haim Brenner, Yehuda Burla, Rachel, Esther Raab, Leah Goldberg and Zelda and well-known contemporary writers including Yona Wallach, Avot Yeshurun, Yehuda Atlas, Nachum Gutman and Yonatan Ratosh.
It also holds manuscripts and letters of writers who were murdered in the Holocaust, among them David Vogel, Hillel Zeitlin and Shimon Dubnov. The archives of well-known Yiddish authors, including Zvi Eisenman, Mordechai Tzanin and the archive of David Hofstein, who was executed in the former Soviet Union by Stalin in 1952, are also preserved in Gnazim.
The institute serves researchers, scholars, media people, writers and the interested public in general. The Institute's treasures are exposed to the general public through various media channels, social networks, exhibitions, lectures, tours and artistic expressions such as plays based on archives.
# Aharodniki Selsoviet

Aharodniki Selsoviet (Belarusian: Агародніцкі сельсавет; Russian: Огородникский сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Kamyenyets District, Brest Region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the agrotown of Aharodniki.
It includes the following populated places:
* Aharodniki (agrotown)
* Bulka [be] (village)
* Kavaliki [be] (village)
* Khmyali (village)
* Koladna (village)
* Machulishcha (village)
* Makarava (agrotown)
* Plyanta [be] (village)
* Pyaski (village)
* Svitsichy [be] (village)
* Takary [be] (village)
* Vryaba [be] (village)
* Vyalikiya Kamarniki [be] (village)
* Zalyessye [be] (village)
* Zarechcha [be] (village)
# Harbakha

Harbakha (Belarusian: Гарба́ха) is an agrotown in Ivanava District, Brest Region, Belarus.

## History

During the interwar period, it was located in Polesie Voivodeship, Poland. After World War II, it was within the borders of the Soviet Union, and since 1991, in independent Belarus.
On 29 December 2022, a Ukrainian S-300 air defence missile was shot down by the Belarusian authorities, crashing near Harbakha. This occurred following a Russian wave of missile strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Both sides acknowledged the incident as an accident.

## Geography

It is located 16 kilometers southwest of the city of Ivanava, 156 kilometers from Brest and 11 kilometers from Snitovo.

## Demographics

In 1921, the village had 368 residents, living in 74 buildings, including 248 locals, 109 Poles and 11 Belarusians. 340 residents were Orthodox, 27 Mosaic and 1 Roman Catholic. In 1996, the town had 548 inhabitants and 279 yards. In 2009, the town had 516 inhabitants.

## Climate

The climate in Harbakha is moderate, characterized by warm summers and mild winters, and this region has the warmest climate in the region. Cyclones often pass in winter from the north-west in summer and south or south-west in winter.
# Syalyets Selsoviet, Brest region

Syalyets rural council (Belarusian: Сялецкі сельсавет; Russian: Селецкий сельсовет) is a lower-level subdivision (selsoviet) of Byaroza District, Brest Region, Belarus. Its administrative center is the agrotown of Syalyets.
It includes the following populated places:
* Vorozhbity (village)
* Zubachi (village)
* Kurovshchina (village)
* Mikhnovichi (village)
* Narutovichi (village)
* Onitsevichi (village)
* Oseka (village)
* Osovtsy (village)
* Panasovichi (village)
* Plyakhovshchina (village)
* Rogachi (village)
* Syalyets (agrotown)
* Soshitsa (village)
* Utrany (village)
* Yasevichi (village)
# Belaye Lake

Belaye Vozera (Russian: Белое Озеро, Belarusian: Белае Возера, Polish: Białe Jezioro) is a rural settlement in Brest District of Brest Region of Belarus, located in the recreational area on the shore of Belaye (White) Lake, 25 km south of Brest, Belarus, 7 km east of the frontier with Poland, and 15 km from the border crossing Damačava-Sławatycze. A big recreational complex “Belaye vozera” was built here in the Soviet period. Chalet “Greenwood” comprising a hotel and a restaurant of European standard was built here in 2013
# Morgantown Historic District (Marshall, Virginia)

Morgantown Historic District is a national historic district located near Marshall, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 7 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the Reconstruction-era African-American rural village of Morgantown. The district contains four dwellings, the Mount Nebo Baptist Church (1902), an abandoned Morgantown School (c. 1891), a meat house, the ruins of an outbuilding, and a cemetery.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
# Ben O'Connor (ice hockey)

Ben O'Connor (born 21 December 1988) is a British ice hockey player who currently plays for Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) side Dundee Stars.
O'Connor most recently played for Guildford Flames and he also plays for the British national team.

## Playing career

He represented Great Britain at the 2019 IIHF World Championship, 2021 IIHF World Championship, 2022 IIHF World Championship and 2024 IIHF World Championship.
After leaving the Sheffield Steelers in 2020, O'Connor moved to NIHL side Sheffield Steeldogs. The move came after the 2020-21 Elite League season was suspended indefinitely due to ongoing coronavirus restrictions.
In August 2021, O'Connor signed terms with EIHL side Cardiff Devils. He departed Cardiff in December 2021. He later joined Romanian side HSC Csíkszereda.
In July 2022, O'Connor returned to the EIHL to sign for Guildford Flames.
After two seasons with Guildford, O'Connor signed a two-year deal with the Dundee Stars.
# Tracks on Wax 4

Tracks on Wax 4 is the fourth album by Welsh rock musician Dave Edmunds. The record was the first Edmunds solo effort to feature all four members of the band Rockpile: Edmunds, Billy Bremner (who also wrote two of the album's songs under the pen name Billy Murray), Nick Lowe, and Terry Williams.
The album's eighth song, "Thread Your Needle", was originally recorded by the Ohio-based R&B duo Dean & Jean (Welton Young and Brenda Lee Jones). The album's final song, "Heart of the City", was originally recorded by Nick Lowe as a Stiff Records single in 1976. A live version performed by Rockpile was released on Lowe's album Jesus of Cool (also 1978) and Edmunds used the same backing track, but overdubbed his own lead vocals in place of Lowe's.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
| The Village Voice | A− |
The Globe and Mail wrote that "Edmunds brings a wide range of historical fifties sounds to life with amazing precision."

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Trouble Boys" (Billy Murray) – 3:02
* "Never Been in Love" (Nick Lowe, Rockpile) – 2:28
* "Not a Woman, Not a Child" (Billy Murray, Ray Peters) – 3:21
* "Television" (Lowe) – 3:19
* "What Looks Best on You" (Lowe, Edmunds) – 2:26
* "Readers Wives" (Noel Brown) – 3:11

### Side two

* "Deborah" (Lowe, Edmunds) – 2:38
* "Thread Your Needle" (Brenda Lee Jones, Welton Young) – 3:27
* "A1 On the Jukebox" (Edmunds, Will Birch) – 3:15
* "It's My Own Business" (Chuck Berry) – 3:56
* "Heart of the City" (Lowe) – 3:03

## Personnel

* Dave Edmunds – guitar, piano, vocals
* Billy Bremner – guitar
* Terry Williams – drums
* Nick Lowe – bass
* Gerry Hogan – pedal steel guitar
* Pete Kelly – piano

## Charts

| Chart (1978) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 93 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 17 |
| US Bubbling Under the Top LPs (Billboard) | 2 |
# John-Mary Kauzya

John-Mary Kauzya (born 1957) is a Ugandan diplomat known for his research and policy advice in the areas of governance and public administration.
Kauzya is the former (retired in 2022) Chief of the Public Service Innovation Branch of the Division for Public Institutions and Digital Government at the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
# Federal Street Historic District

The Federal Street Historic District of Brunswick, Maine encompasses a part of the town whose development was influenced by its 18th-century success as a shipping center, and by the presence of Bowdoin College (chartered 1794), whose historic central campus is part of the district. In addition to the campus, the district includes a series of relatively high-style Federal and later-period houses along Federal Street and Maine Street, which join the campus to downtown Brunswick. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

## Description and history

The town of Brunswick was chartered in 1737, and was initially powered economically by mills along the Androscoggin River, and by maritime trade. Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794, and its first buildings constructed on the campus south of the town center in 1799 and 1808. The town's maritime economy was devastated by the Embargo of 1807, and the college assumed a more prominent role. The college campus is joined to the downtown by Maine Street, which runs through downtown Brunswick south, and was the area's first major road (1717), and Federal Street, laid out roughly parallel to the east of Maine Street in 1803. Federal Street rapidly became a fashionable residential area, with high-style houses lining it and adjacent cross streets connecting it to Maine Street. In 1826 a swamp along Maine Street was filled in to form a park bounded on the east by Park Row, which was also developed with high style housing. The college extended the idea of the Park Row mall along the western edge of its campus.
The historic district encompasses the traditional heart of the Bowdoin campus, bounded by Maine and College Streets on the west and south, Silas Drive on the East, and Bath Road to the north. It then extends northward along Park Row and Federal Street to School Street, from which it continues north on Federal Street to Mason Street. Most of the buildings in the district are residential, and the most commonly-seen architectural styles are Federal, Greek Revival, and Colonial Revival, although other 19th and early 20th-century revival styles are also represented. Notable non-academic buildings in the district include the prominently-placed First Parish Church of Richard Upjohn, the architecturally significant Gothic Revival Henry Boody House on Maine Street, and the historically significant Parker Cleaveland House (now the official residence of the Bowdoin president) and the Harriet Beecher Stowe House. Campus buildings in the district include Massachusetts Hall, its first building, and the Walker Art Gallery, among others.
# Toyohira-Kōen Station

Toyohira-Kōen Station (豊平公園駅, Toyohirakōen-eki) is a subway station on the Tōhō Line in Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by Sapporo Municipal Subway. The station is numbered H11.
The station takes its name from Toyohira Park, located nearby.

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Tōhō Line | for Fukuzumi |
| 2 | ■ Tōhō Line | for Sakaemachi |

## History

The station opened on 14 October 1994 coinciding with the opening of the Toho Line extension from Hōsui-Susukino Station to Fukuzumi Station.

## Surrounding area

* Japan National Route 36 (to Muroran)
* Toyohira Park
* Hokkaido Prefectural Sports Center, (connected directly by an underground passage)
# Somerville Historic District

The Somerville Historic District is a 52 acres (21 ha) historic district in Somerville, Tennessee which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
It included 75 contributing buildings, including the Fayette County Courthouse.
# Abdullah Al-Shaye

Abdullah Al-Shaye (Arabic: عبد الله الشايع; born 1964) is a Saudi Arabian former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# South Dakota School for the Blind

The former South Dakota School for the Blind campus is located on Coteau Street in Gary, South Dakota. The school served as a specialized facility for educating the state's blind children. Consisting of eight buildings constructed between 1899 and 1925, it is now home to the Buffalo Ridge Resort. The modern school, South Dakota School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, is in Aberdeen, South Dakota.
The campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## History

The citizens of Gary, South Dakota were invested in bringing a facility for blind people into the town, and initially proposed that their old Deuel county courthouse be used for the building, as they had lost their county seat and no longer had need for the courthouse. However, after inspection by the Board of Charities and Corrections, the town built a new building instead, to better accommodate the future students.
The South Dakota School for the Blind was opened on March 1, 1900, and was the United States' 42nd school for the blind. In 1945, the school came under the control of the South Dakota Board of Regents.
Beginning in 1957, plans for moving the school began, as the facilities were subpar and the students did not have access to a city. The school was moved to a new campus in Aberdeen in 1961, and after this the campus served for a few years as an elderly home.

## Education

The students who studied at South Dakota's School for the Blind followed a curriculum similar to that of their non-visually impaired peers. The school taught braille in addition to their general coursework, and various other courses on things like piano tuning, upholstery, and family and consumer sciences.
Additionally, the school kept its own animals and gardens for dairy, meat products, fruits, and vegetables, which were maintained by and served to the students and faculty who ate at the school.
One feature of the school was that it contained tunnels between the separate buildings, which allowed students to travel between buildings without having to go outside into the harsh South Dakota winters.

## Current use

In the 1980s the building which formerly housed South Dakota's original school for the blind fell out of use. In 2008, Joe Kolbach bought the campus and turned it into the Buffalo Ridge Resort.
Kolbach has also used the resort to house young adults who were formerly in the foster care system, in an effort to help them transition into adult life.
Some visitors at the resort have claimed to see ghosts of former students during their visits.