OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gurdyal Besra

Gurdyal Singh Besra is a British scientist who is Bardrick Professor of Microbial Physiology & Chemistry at the University of Birmingham.

## Education

Besra was educated at Newcastle University where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree 1987 followed by a PhD for studies on the lipids of the leprosy bacillus in 1990.

## Research and career

Besra's research on tuberculosis has made many ground-breaking discoveries in our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall assembly. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis is very distinctive, differing from other bacteria in containing an exceptional amount of unique lipids and sugars. In unravelling and characterising the proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, he aims to find good drug targets, which can then be further exploited using specialised assays, screens and structural biology, to identify new molecules for hit-to-lead programmes for tuberculosis.
Besra has been at the forefront in the discovery of M. tuberculosis T-cell lipid antigens and the elucidation of the CD1 antigen presentation pathway. He is also exploring the immunotherapeutic potential of glycosyl ceramides and synthetic small molecules with colleagues against a wide range of tumours and infectious diseases, where it is important to fine tune the hosts immune response through the CD1 pathway.

### Awards and honours

Besra was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2019 and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2013. He was awarded the Jeremy R. Knowles medal in 2014 by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC).
# Crithmum

Crithmum is a monospecific genus of flowering plant in the carrot family, Apiaceae. The sole species, Crithmum maritimum, is commonly known as rock samphire, sea fennel or samphire. It is found in parts of the Old World and is edible.

## Description

It is a perennial plant growing to 50 centimetres (20 in) in both height and width. The stems are woody at the base, fleshy elsewhere and hairless. The leaves are fleshy lobes. The greenish-yellow flowers are borne in umbels. The fruits (seed pods) are yellow or purple and up to 5–6 millimetres (3⁄16–1⁄4 in).

## Distribution and habitat

Crithmum is found on coastlines throughout much of Europe (north to the British Isles), Macaronesia, parts of West Asia and North Africa in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts.

## Cultivation

In England, rock samphire is cultivated in gardens, where it grows readily in a light, rich soil. In the United Kingdom the uprooting of wild plants is illegal under the Wildlife and Countryside Act.

## Uses

Rock samphire or sea fennel has fleshy, divided aromatic leaves that Culpeper described as having a "pleasant, hot and spicy taste". The plant can be prepared much like marsh samphire (Salicornia europaea); the stems and leaves should be washed and cooked, while the stems, leaves and young seed pods can be pickled, perhaps in salted and spiced vinegar. The fresh leaves may be used in salads. Dried and ground sea fennel can also be used as a salt substitute.
Sea fennel pickle in olive oil or vinegar is a traditional food of Italy (Marche region), Croatia (Dalmatia), Greece, and Montenegro (Bay of Kotor). It is known as Paccasassi del Conero and used as an antipasto, to accompany fish and meat dishes and to garnish pizza and sandwiches.

### Nutrition

Sea fennel has nutritional value, and is rich in antioxidants.

## In culture

In the 17th century, Shakespeare in King Lear referred to the dangerous practice of collecting rock samphire from cliffs. In the 19th century, samphire was being shipped in casks of seawater from the Isle of Wight to market in London at the end of May each year. Rock samphire used to be cried in London streets as "Crest Marine".
The reclaimed piece of land adjoining Dover, called Samphire Hoe, is named after rock samphire. The land was created from spoil from the Channel Tunnel, and rock samphire used to be harvested from the neighbouring cliffs.
# Mymensingh Sadar Upazila

Mymensingh Sadar (Bengali: ময়মনসিংহ সদর) is an upazila of Mymensingh District in the Division of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Most of the area of this sadar upazila is now under the Mymensingh City Corporation.

## Geography

Mymensingh Sadar is located at 24°45′00″N 90°25′00″E﻿ / ﻿24.7500°N 90.4167°E﻿ / 24.7500; 90.4167. It has 167,472 units of household and its total area is 380.72 km$^2$. The River Brahmaputra just crosses the section of Mymensingh. A hundred plus years ago the river was widened 5–10 km and now it is a seasonal flow, not an ever-flowing river. A huge land recovered from this riverbed for a hundred years as named 'chars' is a big part of Mymensingh and as it was riverine land regular seasonal flood water namely from the Garo hills of Meghalaya Of India flashes up to these char's. Flood is some where seasonal reasons for refreshing fertility of land and a trend of native fishes add some protein budget assistance in this poor CHAR villages.

## Demographics

Religions in Mymensingh Sadar Upazila (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 94.05% | 94.05% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 5.70% | 5.70% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.25% | 0.25% |
According to the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Mymensingh Sadar Upazila had 167,472 households and a population of 775,733. 187,926 (24.23%) were under 10 years of age. Mymensingh Sadar has a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 51.74%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 983 females per 1000 males. 389,918 (48.85%) lived in urban areas. Muslims formed 93.83% of the population, Hindus 5.96%, Christians 0.17% and others 0.04%.
As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Mymensingh Sadar had a population of 566,368. Males constituted 52.18% of the population, and females 47.82%. This Upazila's eighteen-up population was 284,112. Mymensingh Sadar has an average literacy rate of 37% (7+ years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.

## Administration

Mymensingh Sadar Upazila is divided into 13 union parishads: Aqua, Austadhar, Bhabkhali, Bororchar, Boyra, Char Ishwardia, Char Nilaxmia, Dapunia, Ghagra, Khagdohor, Kushtia, Paranganj, and Sirta. The union parishads are subdivided into 136 mauzas and 175 villages.
# Tommy Clarke

Thomas Aloysius Clarke (May 9, 1888 – August 14, 1945), was a backup catcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1909 through 1918 for the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds. He also served as a coach on the 1933 World Championship Giants team.
# Simon Howard

Simon John Howard is a public health physician working in the North East of England. He has authored or co-authored a number of articles on public health in medical journals, and served as Public Health Registrar to Chief Medical Officer Sally Davies from 2013–2014, acting as Editor-in-Chief of the 2012 Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer.

## Biography

Howard qualified as a medical doctor with the degree MBBS from Newcastle University in 2008. He was awarded an MSc in Public Health and Health Services Research from Newcastle University in 2011.
He has authored and co-authored articles which criticise current nutritional labelling practices in the UK, and on topics related to respiratory, and ophthalmic health. From 2013–2014, Howard served as Public Health Registrar to Chief Medical Officer Sally Davies, and acted as Editor-in-Chief of the 2012 Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer. He has contributed to or co-authored a number of other works with Davies.
In 2012, Howard co-wrote a study in the British Medical Journal that compared the nutritional content of television chefs' recipes and supermarket meals. The study found that the chefs' meals were "less healthy" than ready-made supermarket meals. The article received considerable coverage in the news media, while some scholars criticised the assumption that "health ought to prominently inform TV cooking."
In 2010, Howard re-published a compilation of his political blog posts in a book titled Instant Opinion.
# Shreveport Pirates (baseball)

The Shreveport Pirates were a minor league baseball team based from Shreveport, Louisiana, United States. The team played from 1904 to 1910, first in the Southern Association from 1904 to 1907, and in the Texas League from 1908 to 1910. The team played their home games at League Park.
Major League Players such as Tom Fisher, Bill Grahame and Stub Smith have played for the team. Fisher has also managed the team during his time on the Pirates.
# Prasanth Chandran

Prasanth Chandran, is an Indian cricketer, who has played 42 first-class matches between 2000 and 2008 for Kerala. Chandran completed training at MRF Pace Foundation and claimed 79 wickets for Kerala. Test players Vinod Kambli, Wasim Jaffer, Sairaj Bahutule and Ramesh Powar were his victims as he claimed seven for 71 against Mumbai, his career best, in the 2003 Ranji Trophy at the Wankhede Stadium. After retiring as a player, Chandran became a cricket coach at MRF Pace Foundation.
# Lode Runner Online: The Mad Monks' Revenge

Lode Runner Online: The Mad Monks' Revenge (stylized as Lode Runner On-Line) is an enhanced version of the 1994 game Lode Runner: The Legend Returns. The game includes online functionality so that players can battle or work together via network play. Despite the name, the game can be played as single-player and offline.

## Gameplay

While maintaining all of the original features of The Legend Returns, Lode Runner Online adds several new features, such as bombs which constantly self-ignite and reappear on a set timer. New available "worlds", which determine background and terrain appearance on a map, are a chief addition. New hazards, such as phase blocks, which disappear and reappear on a set timer (and consequently can tear apart players or monks standing in the location of a vanished block in the process of reappearing), and items are among other additional features; notably, editors can specify certain items to be able to be picked up by only the player of corresponding color (e.g. bombs with blue outlines can only be picked up by the second player, Wes Reckless, not Jake Peril).
The level editor is more complex than in the original game. Multiple exits can be placed in a level, and the exits can be programmed to lead to differing levels in a pack.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Albuquerque Journal | 5/5 |
| Computer Games Magazine | 1/5 |
| Philadelphia Daily News | 2.5/4 |
| PC Player | 2.5/5 |
| PC Action | 75% |
Albuquerque Journal said "This is a superb update the entire family will enjoy"
Computer Games Magazine said "Overall, this game is an absolute waste for anyone but a puzzle freak. Why spend hours upon hours running around stealing someone's gold for no apparent reason? I don't know, I wouldn't do it"
# TSQ (disambiguation)

TSQ is 6-Methoxy-(8-p-toluenesulfonamido)quinoline, one of the most efficient fluorescent stains for zinc(II).
TSQ may also refer to:
* The Study Quran, an English-language translation and commentary of the Quran
* Tianshengqiao-I Dam, an embankment dam and hydroelectric power station on the Nanpan River in China
* tsq, ISO 639-3 code for Thai Sign Language
* Toronto String Quartette, any of various string quartettes in Toronto, Canada
* Transgender Studies Quarterly, the first non-medical academic journal devoted to transgender studies
* Trauma Screening Questionnaire, a questionnaire that pre-assesses posttraumatic stress disorder
# Dhurbe

Dhurbe (Nepali: धुर्बे) is a wild male elephant in Chitwan National Park of Nepal that killed 16 people and destroyed more than 50 houses in a span of four years from 2009 to 2012. Contact with the elephant was lost in 2013 but it has subsequently reappeared from time to time. The elephant is named after a soldier whom it killed.
After the initial attacks, the elephant was radio-collared to track its movements, but the radio stopped working after a few weeks. When the elephant killed more people in 2012 officials declared it as a mad elephant and decided to hunt and kill it. 93 soldiers from the Nepal Army and Chitwan National Parks were mobilized to kill the elephant but they could not locate it. Later, the officials claimed that Dhurbe was injured but ran away and survived.
Dhurbe next appeared in 2018. It broke into the army post of Chitwan National Park at Tirthamankali and took a female elephant with him. At the same time, Dhurbe attacked and injured a male elephant named Paras Gaj. In 2020, Dhurbe was radio collared again to track its movement. In April 2021, Dhurbe attacked a survey team who were counting rhinos. There were no serious casualties, but the survey was disrupted. In October 2021, he reappeared and was accompanied by a female elephant. In December 2023, in Chitwan National Park, a radio transmitter was installed in its collar for the third time.
In January 2024, Dhurbe was again reported to be terrorizing local homes near Chitwan National Park.
# Bald Head, Maine

Bald Head is a village in the town of York in York County, Maine, United States, on the Atlantic coast.
The community takes its name from a nearby rock formation of the same name. Bald Head has been noted for its unusual place name.
# Mount Edgar Thomson

Mount Edgar Thomson is a 2,379-metre-elevation (7,805-foot) mountain in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand.

## Description

Mount Edgar Thomson is set in the Ben Ohau Range of the Southern Alps and is situated in the Canterbury Region of South Island. This peak is located 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) south-southwest of Mount Cook Village in Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains east to the Tasman River via Hoophorn and Birch Hill streams, whereas the west slope drains into headwaters of the Dobson River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,380 metres (4,528 feet) above Hoophorn Stream in 1.5 kilometres. The nearest higher peak is Mount Sealy, two kilometres to the northwest. The first ascent of the summit was made in April 1915 by Jane Thomson and Conrad Kain. The mountain's toponym was applied by Jane Thomson to honour her only child, Edgar (1881–1904), who had died in 1904 at age 23 from a football injury. Edgar Thomson died at the Wellington Hospital after sustaining a head injury while playing a rugby match.

## Climbing

Climbing routes with first ascents:
* East Ridge – Jane Thomson, Conrad Kain – (1915)
* South Face – J.A. Roberts, Clem Williams – (1925)
* South Ridge – Charlie Collins, David Hall, Priestly Thomson – (1946)
* Whiteley Woute – Richard Whiteley – (1971)
* Central Rib – Hans Muller, Otto Van Allman – (1973)
* West Face – Tim Steward, Reg Measures – (2012)

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Edgar Thomson is located in a marine west coast (Cfb) climate zone, with a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) at the summit. Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air from the Tasman Sea onto the mountains, where the air is forced upward by the mountains (orographic lift), causing moisture to drop in the form of rain or snow. This climate supports a small unnamed glacier on the peak's south slope. The months of December through February offer the most favourable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
# Mayor of Kāpiti Coast

The Mayor of Kāpiti Coast officiates over the Kāpiti Coast District Council.
Janet Holborow is the current mayor of Kāpiti Coast. She was elected to the position in 2022.

## List of mayors

Since its inception in 1989, the Kāpiti Coast District has had eight mayors:
| | Name | Term |
| 1 | Iver Trask | 1989–1992 |
| 2 | Brett Ambler | 1992–1998 |
| 3 | Iride McCloy | 1998–2001 |
| 4 | Alan Milne | 2001–2007 |
| 5 | Jenny Rowan | 2007–2013 |
| 6 | Ross Church | 2013–2016 |
| 7 | K Gurunathan | 2016–2022 |
| 8 | Janet Holborow | 2022–present |

## List of deputy mayors

| Name | Term | Mayor |
| Ann Chapman | 2001–2010 | Milne |
| Ann Chapman | 2001–2010 | Rowan |
| Roger Booth | 2010–2013 | Rowan |
| Mike Cardiff | 2013–2016 | Church |
| Janet Holborow | 2016–2022 | Gurunathan |
| Lawrence Kirby | 2022–present | Holborow |
# Meiogyne bidwillii

Meiogyne bidwillii is a species of plants in the custard apple family Annonaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is a shrub or small tree to 5 m (16 ft) tall. The new growth is densely hairy, leaves are simple and arranged alternately on the twigs. Flowers are solitary and produced in the leaf axils. The fruit is an aggregate of several distinct orange/yellow carpels, each about 25 mm (1 in) long, 15 mm (0.6 in) wide and containing up to six seeds. It is found along the east coast of Queensland from about the Mackay region south to Hervey Bay.

## Conservation

This species has been assessed to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and by the Queensland Government under its Nature Conservation Act.
# Arthur L. Johnson

Arthur Lacey Johnson (1868or1869 – 1955) was an educator in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the namesake of Arthur L. Johnson High School in Clark.

## Biography

Arthur L. Johnson was born in Standing Stone Township, Pennsylvania. He served as the superintendent of schools for Union County, founding Union County College and helping organize the Union County Band and Orchestra Summer School and the Eastern Conservatory of Music and Arts.
He also helped establish the county's regional high school system, which lasted until July 1997.
Johnson died at age 86 in Elizabeth, New Jersey on May 16, 1955, shortly before the new high school in Clark was set to open. The district opted to name the school, which was a part of county district and now operates as part of the Clark Public Schools System, in his honor.
# Boualem Boukacem

Boualem Boukacem (Arabic: بوعلام بوقاسم‎), (October 12, 1957, in Beni Amrane) is a singer of Kabyle music within Algerian music.

## Life

He was born on October 12, 1957, under the name Boualem Boukacem in the Azela village within the actual Boumerdès Province.
After completing his school studies, he began a teaching career in 1977 in the region of the Col des Beni Aïcha to the east of the Khachna massif in lower Kabylia.
His career as an artist in Kabyle song began in 1978 and was dedicated after the release of his first album on 1981, and he joined between his teaching profession and his vocation as an artist until 1986 when he decided to devote himself entirely to the professional song.
He is a seasoned musician who handles and uses like a virtuoso musical instruments such as the Algerian mandola, the guitar, the ney, the flute and the violin.
During the period of Islamist terrorism in Algeria, Boukacem went into exile in 1992 abroad where he remained for eight years before returning to the Algerian country during the year 2000.
In 2020, the artist Boukacem had produced in his prize list a total of more than 50 sound albums, of which 4 albums were sung by singer Ouardia Aissaoui, and 3 other albums were sung by singer Thanina Cheriet, daughter of the singer Idir.
During more than 40 years of artistic career, Boukacem had to his credit more than 120 clips produced, and animated more than 1000 galas and parties in Algeria and elsewhere, and participated in more than a hundred television programs.
During the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, Boukacem released an album to encourage the Algeria national football team during the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification matches at this African sporting event.
This album was released in collaboration with the national goalkeeper Lounès Gaouaoui, and included for the occasion a range of 12 songs to encourage the national green team.
Boukacem has also collaborated during his long career with several other artists in duet songs.
# Jan Švábeník

Jan Švábeník (24 June 1886 – 16 March 1942) was a Czech zoologist and pedagogue. He studied the anatomy of nematomorphs. He was imprisoned at Auschwitz following German invasion and died in the concentration camp.

## Life and work

Švábeník was born in Kdousov near Třebíč in landowning family of František and Terezia Robičková. He graduated from the Třebíč gymnasium in 1905 and joined Charles University. Graduating in 1909 he became a teacher at the gymnasium in Valašské Meziříčí, and later at Břeclav. He joined the teacher's institute in 1922 in Brno and from 1935 headed the teacher's institute in Olomouc.
Švábeník was very active in social and cultural activities in Břeclav. He also conducted research in entomology in his spare time and took part in outings of the Brno zoologists. He described the nematomorph species Gordius montenegrinus in 1909. He also studied the metamorphosis of nematomorpha. In 1941 he was arrested by the Gestapo for his association involvement in various groups as a Czech nationalist. He was declared dead at the Auschwitz concentration camp as found on the record for him as prisoner 26468. He was posthumously awarded a Czechoslovak War Cross in 1945. A memorial stolperstein was installed in 2019 at Olomouc on Křížkovského Street.
# Otoe Reservation

The Otoe Reservation was a twenty-four square-mile section straddling the Kansas-Nebraska state line. The majority of the reservation sat in modern-day southeast Jefferson County, Nebraska.
As early as 1834, the Oto relinquished land to the government in fulfillment of a treaty. It extended two miles (3 km) south of the state line its full length, into Washington and Marshall counties, Kansas. In Nebraska it extended into Jefferson County, which was earlier called Jones County, and Gage County. Altogether it comprised 250 sections totaling 160,000 acres (650 km$^2$). The Glenwood, Paddock, Liberty Township and Barneston Townships are wholly within the historic boundaries of the reservation. It also included sections of the Elm, Sicily, Wymore, and Island Grove Townships.
Although the Oto were originally located throughout southeastern Nebraska, their main town was once located along the Platte River near present-day Plattsmouth in the eastern part of the state. The Moses Merrill Mission was located in this area. When the Nebraska Territory was formed in 1854, the Oto resigned their remaining land claim with the exception of a section near the Big Blue River. This became the Otoe Reservation.
In 1879, a new treaty with the federal government gave it the legal control to allow the Otoe to sell the reservation for tribal annuities, and relocate to "Indian country", Oklahoma. In the fall of 1882, the rest of the tribe moved to Red Rock, Oklahoma, the reservation was disbanded, and the "undeveloped" land was put for sale. The few remaining Otoes were of mixed background and quickly integrated with the new settlers, most notably the Barnes's of French and Otoe background.
On May 31, 1883, 50,000 acres (200 km$^2$) of the Oto and Missouri Indian Reservation in Kansas and Nebraska were opened for settlement at a public sale. When the Oto were removed, the southeast corner of Jefferson County was opened to settlement and the community of Diller was formed.
In 1886 the tribe shared an agent with several other local tribes, including the Ponca and Pawnee. The agency was located on the Oto Reservation. The present-day town of Barneston was settled at the site of one of the largest Oto villages through the 19th century. The Indian agency and a trading post were located there. Barneston was founded by a French fur trapper who married to an Oto woman.
# Owens Station, Delaware

Owens Station, Delaware was a community in Delaware, U.S.A.

## History

Owens station was a stop on the now defunct Queen Anne's Railroad line between Ellendale and Greenwood. After the railroad closed down and the tracks were removed, all property owned by the railroad was returned to its previous landowners and several small communities built around the stops disappeared. Some houses still exist from the town, at the intersection of Beach Highway and Owens Rd, but most of the former town has disappeared.
The Owens Station Hunting Preserve takes its name from the former rail community.
The remains of the settlement, now called simply Owens, is an unincorporated community located on Delaware Route 16 east of Greenwood.
Owens' population was 18 in 1900, and was 62 in 1925.