OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Twin circles

In geometry, the twin circles are two special circles associated with an arbelos. An arbelos is determined by three collinear points A, B, and C, and is the curvilinear triangular region between the three semicircles that have AB, BC, and AC as their diameters. If the arbelos is partitioned into two smaller regions by a line segment through the middle point of A, B, and C, perpendicular to line ABC, then each of the two twin circles lies within one of these two regions, tangent to its two semicircular sides and to the splitting segment.
These circles first appeared in the Book of Lemmas, which showed (Proposition V) that the two circles are congruent. Thābit ibn Qurra, who translated this book into Arabic, attributed it to Greek mathematician Archimedes. Based on this claim the twin circles, and several other circles in the Arbelos congruent to them, have also been called Archimedes's circles. However, this attribution has been questioned by later scholarship.

## Construction

Specifically, let $A$, $B$, and $C$ be the three corners of the arbelos, with $B$ between $A$ and $C$. Let $D$ be the point where the larger semicircle intercepts the line perpendicular to the $AC$ through the point $B$. The segment $BD$ divides the arbelos in two parts. The twin circles are the two circles inscribed in these parts, each tangent to one of the two smaller semicircles, to the segment $BD$, and to the largest semicircle.
Each of the two circles is uniquely determined by its three tangencies. Constructing it is a special case of the Problem of Apollonius.
Alternative approaches to constructing two circles congruent to the twin circles have also been found. These circles have also been called Archimedean circles. They include the Bankoff circle, Schoch circles, and Woo circles.

## Properties

Let a and b be the diameters of two inner semicircles, so that the outer semicircle has diameter a + b. The diameter of each twin circle is then
    $d={\frac {ab}{a+b}}.$
Alternatively, if the outer semicircle has unit diameter, and the inner circles have diameters $s$ and $1-s$, the diameter of each twin circle is
    $d=s(1-s).\,$
The smallest circle that encloses both twin circles has the same area as the arbelos.
# Terry Wilson (scientist)

Terry Jean Wilson (born 1954) is an international leader in the study of present-day tectonics in Antarctica. She has led large, international efforts, such as Polar Earth Observing Network (POLENET), to investigate the interactions between the Earth's crust and the cryosphere in Antarctica.

## Early life and education

Wilson received her BS from the University of Michigan and Ph.D. from Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory and Columbia University in 1983.

## Career and impact

Wilson is based at Ohio State University, where she investigates the Earth's structural architecture, the interaction between ice sheets in Antarctica and the solid Earth, and neotectonic rifting. Her research integrates satellite remote sensing, Global Positioning Systems, both airborne and marine geophysical data and microstructural and structural mapping of faults in sedimentary and outcrop rock cores.

## Awards and honors

Wilson has held several high-profile leadership positions in Antarctic Science:
* Vice President of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).
* USA's delegate to SCAR, serving as VP.
* Chief Officer of SCARs Scientific research programme, ‘Solid Earth Response and influence on Cryosphere Evolution’ (SERCE).
* Leader of the geoscience component of the first Antarctic Science Horizon Scan.
* Principal Investigator of POLENET, a major Antarctic programme devoted to observing the polar regions and investigating ice sheet behaviour in a changing world.
* 2023 Ivan I. Mueller Award for Distinguished Service and Leadership by the American Geophysical Union (AGU)

## Selected works

* Wilson, T.J., 1999. Cenozoic structural segmentation of the Transantarctic Mountains rift flank in southern Victoria Land. Global and Planetary Change,23(1), pp. 105–127.
* Wilson, T.J., Grunow, A.M. and Hanson, R.E., 1997. Gondwana assembly: the view from southern Africa and East Gondwana. Journal of Geodynamics,23(3), pp. 263–286.
* Fielding, C.R., Whittaker, J., Henrys, S.A., Wilson, T.J. and Naish, T.R., 2008. Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 260(1), pp. 8–29.
* Lough, A.C., Wiens, D.A., Barcheck, C.G., Anandakrishnan, S., Aster, R.C., Blankenship, D.D., Huerta, A.D., Nyblade, A., Young, D.A. and Wilson, T.J., 2013. Seismic detection of an active subglacial magmatic complex in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Nature Geoscience, 6(12), pp. 1031–1035.
* Kennicutt, M.C., Chown, S.L., Cassano, J.J., Liggett, D., Massom, R., Peck, L.S., Rintoul, S.R., Storey, J.W.V., Vaughan, D.G., Wilson, T.J. and Sutherland, W.J., 2014. Six priorities for Antarctic science. Nature,512(7512), pp. 23–25.
# Fukudaimae Station

Fukudaimae Station (福大前駅) is a subway station on the Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Jōnan-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a picture of a black kite in blue, the symbol of the Fukuoka University.

## Lines

* Fukuoka City Subway
** Nanakuma Line

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Nanakuma Line | for Hakata |
| 2 | ■ Nanakuma Line | for Hashimoto |

## Vicinity

* Fukuoka University
* Fukuoka University Hospital
** Fukuoka University Graduate School of Nursing
* Nishitetsu bus stop

## History

* February 3, 2005: Opening of the station
# Daniel Gilchrist

Daniel Gilchrist (1882–1964) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who was part of the professional 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain.

## Early years

Daniel Gilchrist was born in 1882 to Margaret Ann Strain Gilchrist and John Henderson Gilchrist. He was the eldest of 6 children with his younger siblings; Matilda (b.1884), Margaret (b.1886), John (b.1887), William (b.1890), and Alexander (b.1892). Gilchrist was a plumber by trade.

## Rugby Football

Gilchrist played rugby union for the Melrose Club senior side in 1904 and represented Wellington consistently from 1904 to 1907. His debut match for Wellington was against Wairarapa on 4 June 1904 and he played in one further match that season against Buller on 13 August. Gilchrist was part of the Wellington squad that won the Ranfurly Shield against Auckland in 1904 on their Northern Tour. He had played in the match 4 days earlier against Hawke's Bay on 2 August but was not in the match day team for the shield challenge. In 1906 he was elected on to the management committee of the Melrose club and again in 1907.

## Rugby League

Despite being only 23, Gilchrist was selected for the professional All Blacks in their 1907–08 tour of Great Britain and Australia. Like all members of the tour, Gilchrist subsequently received a life ban from the New Zealand Rugby Union. He played in the first ever trans-Tasman test which was the debut match of the Australia national rugby league team. Altogether, Gilchrist played in six test matches while on tour.
On his return to New Zealand, Gilchrist continued playing rugby league, representing Wellington.
Despite his life ban when he returned from the tour his Melrose club held an evening for him at the Mawson's Rooms on Cuba Street to celebrate his return and efforts for the club in the previous season. He was also adjudged the best forward in the senior side in the 1907 season. After his return he applied for reinstatement to rugby under the grounds that he was not a member of any club at the time of his suspension and therefore not under the jurisdiction of the union. The rugby union refused the application. Instead Gilchrist was selected for a 'northern tour' by a Wellington side to play against Auckland in the following weeks.
In 1908 he was the coach of the Melrose rugby club side despite not being allowed to play rugby.
In 1909 he was selected for the New Zealand tour of Australia but was unable to go.
# 1925 Middle Tennessee State Teachers football team

The 1925 Middle Tennessee Teachers football team represented Middle Tennessee State Teachers College—now known as Middle Tennessee State University—during the 1925 college football season. Led by Guy Stephenson in his second and final season as head coach, Middle Tennessee Teachers compiled a record of 3–4–2. The team's captain was Keathly Presgrove.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 26 | Vanderbilt | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | L 0–13 |
| October 3 | at Sewanee | McGee FieldSewanee, TN | L 0–53 |
| October 10 | Bryson | Murfreesboro, TN | W 13–6 |
| October 17 | Western Kentucky State Normal | Murfreesboro, (rivalry) | T 7–7 |
| October 24 | at Tennessee Tech | Cookeville, TN | T 0–0 |
| October 31 | Bethel (TN) | Murfreesboro, TN | W 30–12 |
| November 5 | at Murray State | Cutchin StadiumMurray, KY | L 0–6 |
| November 13 | West Tennessee State Teachers | Murfreesboro, TN | W 57–7 |
| | Stetson | Murfreesboro, TN | L 0–10 |
# Haena Archeological Complex

The Haena Archeological Complex, on Kauai near Hanalei, Hawaii, is an archeological site complex that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
It includes several sites: (1) house of high chief Lohiʻau (lover of Hi'iaka); (2) Ke-ahu-a-Laka hālau hula platform; (3) Ka-ulu-a-paʻoa heiau platform It dates from c.1600 and is listed on the National Register for its potential to yield information in the future. The listed site includes 57.5 acres (23.3 ha) with 17 contributing sites and nine contributing structures. It was listed on the National Register in 1984.
# Belt problem

The belt problem is a mathematics problem which requires finding the length of a crossed belt that connects two circular pulleys with radius r$_1$ and r$_2$ whose centers are separated by a distance P. The solution of the belt problem requires trigonometry and the concepts of the bitangent line, the vertical angle, and congruent angles.

## Solution

Clearly triangles ACO and ADO are congruent right angled triangles, as are triangles BEO and BFO. In addition, triangles ACO and BEO are similar. Therefore angles CAO, DAO, EBO and FBO are all equal. Denoting this angle by $\varphi$ (denominated in radians), the length of the belt is
    $CO+DO+EO+FO+{\text{arc}}CD+{\text{arc}}EF\,\!$
    $=2r_{1}\tan(\varphi )+2r_{2}\tan(\varphi )+(2\pi -2\varphi )r_{1}+(2\pi -2\varphi )r_{2}\,\!$
    $=2(r_{1}+r_{2})(\tan(\varphi )+\pi -\varphi )\,\!$
This exploits the convenience of denominating angles in radians that the length of an arc = the radius × the measure of the angle facing the arc.
To find $\varphi$ we see from the similarity of triangles ACO and BEO that
    ${\frac {AO}{BO}}={\frac {AC}{BE}}\,\!$
    $\Rightarrow {\frac {P-x}{x}}={\frac {r_{1}}{r_{2}}}\,\!$
    $\Rightarrow {\frac {P}{x}}={\frac {r_{1}+r_{2}}{r_{2}}}\,\!$
    $\Rightarrow {x}={\frac {Pr_{2}}{r_{1}+r_{2}}}\,\!$
    $\cos(\varphi )={\frac {r_{2}}{x}}={\frac {r_{2}}{\left({\dfrac {Pr_{2}}{r_{1}+r_{2}}}\right)}}={\frac {r_{1}+r_{2}}{P}}\,\!$
    $\Rightarrow \varphi =\arccos \left({\frac {r_{1}+r_{2}}{P}}\right)\,\!$
For fixed P the length of the belt depends only on the sum of the radius values r$_1$ + r$_2$, and not on their individual values.

## Pulley problem

There are other types of problems similar to the belt problem. The pulley problem, as shown, is similar to the belt problem; however, the belt does not cross itself. In the pulley problem the length of the belt is
    $2P\sin \left({\frac {\theta }{2}}\right)+r_{1}(2\pi -\theta )+r_{2}{\theta }\,,$
where r$_1$ represents the radius of the larger pulley, r$_2$ represents the radius of the smaller one, and:
    $\theta =2\arccos \left({\frac {r_{1}-r_{2}}{P}}\right)\,.$

## Applications

The belt problem is used in the design of aeroplanes, bicycle gearing, cars, and other items with pulleys or belts that cross each other. The pulley problem is also used in the design of conveyor belts found in airport luggage belts and automated factory lines.
# Jirōmaru Station

Jirōmaru Station (次郎丸駅) is a subway station on the Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Sawara-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a firefly in blue, representing the nearby Muromi river.

## Lines

* Fukuoka City Subway
** Nanakuma Line

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Nanakuma Line | for Hakata |
| 2 | ■ Nanakuma Line | for Hashimoto |

## Vicinity

* Fukuoka College of Health Sciences
* Fukuoka Dental College
* Roman bathhouse
* Starbucks
* Super Hallo Day Store
* Tsutaya (Culture Convenience Club Co.)

## History

* February 3, 2005: Opening of the station
# Mông Dương

Mông Dương is a ward of Cẩm Phả city in Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam. It is the site of the Mông Dương thermal power plant projects designed to reduce Vietnam's dependence on hydropower.

## Mông Dương power project

State-owned Electricity of Việt Nam (EVN) plans 2,200 MW of coal-fired power stations at Mông Dương.
* Mông Dương I Thermal Power Plant (1,000 MW) was ADB part financed. The financing framework was signed in 2007. The plant required a total investment of US$1.1 billion. NTP 15-Dec-2011, #1 COD 15-Apr-2015, #2 COD 15-Oct-2015.
Final Completion Ceremony at Site was on 16-Jan-2016. - Boiler Type : CFB (Foster Wheeler China) - Capacity : 250MW * 4 units
* Mông Dương II will sell electricity to Vietnam Electricity (EVN) under a 25-year power purchase agreement (PPA) denominated in US dollars and allowing for a fuel cost pass-through, protecting foreign investors from fluctuations in coal prices. NTP was on 7-Aug-2011, #1 COD was on (Plan/Actual) 04-Dec-2014/09-Mar-2015, #2 COD was on (Plan/Actual) 02-Jun-2015/24-Apr-2015. Final Completion Ceremony was on Hanoi Marriot Hotel, 26-Oct-2015.
- Boiler Type : Downshot - Capacity : 560MW * 2 units
# Stafford Lightman

Stafford Louis Lightman (born 7 September 1948) is a British endocrinologist who has been Professor of Medicine, University of Bristol, since 1993. He was president of the British Neuroscience Association 2017–2019.

## Education

Lightman was educated at Repton School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (MA, MB BChir, PhD). He did his clinical training at Middlesex Hospital Medical School

## Career and research

Lightman started his research career working on catecholamine uptake mechanisms in Cambridge where, after completed his clinical studies at the Middlesex Hospital in London, he studied the role of opioid peptides and brain stem catecholamine pathways in the regulation of neurohypophysial hormone secretion. He laterinvestigated the dynamics underlying stress hormone secretion.
* Visiting Senior Scientist, Medical Research Council Neuro-Pharmacy Unit, Cambridge, 1980–81
* Wellcome Trust Senior Lecturer, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School and Honorary Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist, St Mary's Hospital, 1981–82
* Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School:
** Reader in Medicine, 1982–88
** Professor of Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist, 1988–92
* Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Neurology and Consultant Endocrinologist to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1988-
* Chairman, Pituitary Foundation, 1995-
* Founding Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, 1998
* Editor-in-chief, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 1989–96.
* Mortyn Jones Lecturer British Society for Neuroendocrinology, 2014

### Honours and awards

Lightman was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2017.

## Personal life

He is the son of Harold Lightman, Queen's Counsel (QC) and the brother of Sir Gavin Lightman, QC.
# Tony de la Rosa

Antonio de la Rosa (October 31, 1931, in Sarita, Texas – June 2, 2004) was an influential tejano musician. He was noted for producing dynamic and harmonic accordion runs on the two-row button accordion.
De la Rosa's recording session took place in 1949 for Arco Récords of Alice, Texas. De la Rosa introduced several important innovations into conjunto music, including the practice of slowing polka tempos down to 110–115 beats per minute, as well as the use of amplified bajo sexto and bass. He was hired by Ideal Records in the early 1950s to be their staff accordionist. He left Ideal in 1955 in order to lead his own band.
# Cortanze

Cortanze is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Asti. As of 31 january 2024, it had a population of 258 and an area of 4.5 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi).
The municipality of Cortanze contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Roera and San Rocco.
Cortanze borders the following municipalities: Cunico, Montechiaro d’Asti, Piea, Soglio, and Viale.
# Bloomsburg Historic District

Bloomsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Bloomsburg, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, USA. The district includes 668 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Bloomsburg. Notable non-residential buildings include the Carver Hall at the Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania (c. 1867), Courthouse, town hall, and St. Paul's Episcopal Church.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
* Courthouse
* Town Hall
* Downtown
* Caldwell Consistory
# Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan

The Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (Kurdish: Partiya Şoreşa Kurdistan (PŞK), Turkish: Kürdistan Devrim Partisi) is an illegal political party active in Turkey. The aim of the party is to create an independent state for Kurdish people based on Marxist-Leninist principles.

## History

Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan is a splinter of the Sociality Unity Party of Kurdistan, known as Kürdistan Sosyalist Birlik Partisi in Turkish and Partiya Yekitiya Sosyalista Kurdistane in Kurdish. Sociality Unity Party of Kurdistan annulled itself in July 1998 after a meeting in Germany. As a result, the central committee of YEKBUN or the United People's Party of Kurdistan (Kürdistan Birleşik Halk Partisi in Turkish), resident in Sweden, decided to form a new organization to carry out armed struggle against the Turkish government. However, Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan has never carried out armed struggle against the Turkish Government and has been just political party. The organization was named Revolutionary Union of Kurdistan (Kürdistan Devrim Birliği in Turkish, Yektiye Şoreşa Kurdistan in Kurdish) first. However the central committee later changed "union" with "party" thinking taking into consideration that there was no unity yet; so the Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan was born.
After the capture of Abdullah Öcalan by Turkish forces in 1999 and the resulting retreat of Kurdistan Workers Party, better known as PKK, the Party tried to attract their members, albeit without a remarkable success. The organisation was not successful either in giving a significant damage to Turkish forces or creating public awareness about themselves.

## Designation as a terrorist organisation

According to the Counter-Terrorism and Operations Department of Directorate General for Security (Turkish police) it is one of the 12 active terrorist organisations in Turkey and one of the three Kurdish organisations.
# RECLUS

RECLUS (Réseau d'étude des changements dans les localisations et les unités spatiales) is a public interest group founded in 1984, associated to the Maison de la géographie de Montpellier (Geography House of Montpellier). The acronym translates to "Network for the study of changes in the locations and the spatial units" and was coined as a tribute to Élisée Reclus, the 19th-century French geographer, author of the New Universal Geography, a treatise in 19 volumes, published by Hachette, between 1876 and 1894 . One of the most important ideas of Reclus is indeed the trans-boundary region, which is retaken by Roger Brunet, the founder of the RECLUS group and its director until 1991, in order to formulate the concept of the European Megalopolis. Hérvé Théry was a Director of the institute
* This article about an organization in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Trevitt's Addition Historic District

Trevitt's Addition Historic District is a neighborhood, primarily residential in character, located in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. Victor Trevitt platted the first expansion of the original 1855 "Dalles City" townsite in 1860, and continued to extend his addition in response to economic developments. The district saw the first flour mill and electrical and water systems in The Dalles, one of the area's earliest Catholic churches, and direct connection to transportation networks including the Columbia River Highway and the railroad. Surviving buildings in the district reflect a continuous spectrum of architectural styles from 1864 to 1937.
The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
# Tofurōminami Station

Tofurōminami Station (都府楼南駅, Tofurōminami-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Dazaifu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kagoshima Main Line and is located 91.0 km from the starting point of the line at Mojikō.

## Layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. Although it is an unmanned station, there is an automatic ticket vending machine.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ JB Kagoshima Main Line | for Futsukaichi and Tosu |
| 2 | ■ JB Kagoshima Main Line | for Hakata and Kokura |

## History

The station was opened by JR Kyushu on 11 March 1989 as an added station on the existing Kagoshima Main Line track.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 931 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 142nd among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.

## Surrounding area

* Fukuoka Prefectural Fukuoka Agricultural High School
* Fukuoka Prefectural Musashidai High School
# Arafat Minhas

Arafat Minhas (Urdu: عرفات منہاس; born 2 January 2005) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays for the Pakistan cricket team and Karachi Kings.

## Early career

Minhas was born in Multan, Punjab, into a Muslim Rajput family of the Minhas clan to Kashif Minhas, a former Under-19 cricketer. Minhas considers his father to be his role model and also admired AB de Villiers. He began to play red ball club-level cricket at the age of 9 and went on to play Under-13 and Under-16 cricket. In Under-19 cricket he was adjudged player of the tournament in the National Under-19 Championship 2021/22.

## Domestic career

Minhas captained Gwadar Sharks in the 2022 Pakistan Junior League and was named in the team of the tournament as captain. Minhas made his List A debut for Southern Punjab against Sindh on 10 December 2022 during the 2022–23 Pakistan Cup. Minhas was selected by Multan Sultans in the supplementary category during the 2023 Pakistan Super League players draft. He was selected by Karachi Kings in the silver category during the 2024 Pakistan Super League players draft.

## International career

Minhas has played for the Pakistan under-19 team. In December 2022, Minhas was added to the Pakistani Test squad along with Mohammad Zeeshan and Basit Ali by the interim selection committee. In August 2023, he was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2022 Asian Games. On 3 October 2023, Minhas made his T20I debut for Pakistan against Nepal during the Asian Games. Minhas was included in the squad for the 2023 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup and was named vice-captain. He was also named in the squad for the 2024 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.