OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William H. Thomas (Wisconsin politician)

William H. Thomas (September 25, 1821 – December 26, 1898) was an American lawyer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Waukesha County, and served as a Union Army cavalry officer during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Thomas was born on September 25, 1821, in Clinton County, New York, and received a liberal education. He came to the Wisconsin Territory as a young man, in 1838, and settled a large farm in the town of Lisbon, in what is now Waukesha County, Wisconsin.
He became active with the Democratic Party of Wisconsin and was elected to the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly, representing Milwaukee and Washington counties—Milwaukee County at that time comprised all of the territory which is now Waukesha County. After Wisconsin achieved statehood, Thomas was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly for the 2nd Wisconsin Legislature, representing northeastern Waukesha County. He was elected to another term in 1860, serving in the 14th Wisconsin Legislature.
The American Civil War began during his second term in the Wisconsin State Assembly. After the legislative term, he enrolled as a volunteer for service with the Union Army and was enlisted as a private in the Company D of the 3rd Wisconsin Cavalry Regiment. Shortly after the regiment was organized, Thomas was commissioned as adjutant for the regiment's 1st battalion. He served in that role until October 1862, when he was commissioned captain of Company H. He served through most of the war and resigned in September 1864. The 3rd Wisconsin Cavalry served primarily in the Trans-Mississippi theater of the war, engaged in suppression of guerilla activity in Kansas, Missouri, and Arkansas.
After the war, he moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin, and subsequently moved to Pewaukee, Wisconsin, where he had an active and successful legal practice. He was elected district attorney of Waukesha County in 1879 and was re-elected in 1881 and 1884, serving seven consecutive years in the office.
Thomas was a political ally of Edward S. Bragg, and was described as Bragg's right-hand man during the contentious 1882 Democratic 2nd congressional district convention. Bragg engaged in a bitter feud through the convention with Arthur Delaney over the congressional nomination. After 1600 ballots were taken, neither man received the nomination.
William H. Thomas died on December 26, 1898, at his home in Pewaukee.

## Personal life and family

William H. Thomas married three times. He divorced his first wife and was widowed twice. He had at least twelve children, though several died in childhood.
# Colin Gill

Colin Unwin Gill (12 May 1892 – 16 November 1940) was an English artist who painted murals and portraits and is most notable for the work he produced as a war artist during the First World War.

## Biography
### Early life

Colin Gill was born at Bexleyheath in Kent. He studied at the Slade School of Art, and in 1913 became the first recipient of the Rome Scholarship in Decorative Painting to the British School at Rome.

### First World War

At the start of World War I, Gill joined the Royal Garrison Artillery and served with them on the Western Front as a second lieutenant with the 17th Heavy Battery until 1916, when he was seconded to the Royal Engineers to work as a front-line camouflage officer. He was invalided back to England, with gas poisoning in March 1918, and spent several months recovering at the Hospital for Officers on the Isle of Wight.
In May 1918, Gill offered his services as a war artist but, initially was turned down and continued to work as a camouflage instructor. After, the British War Memorials Committee did commission Gill to produce a large work for the proposed, but never built Hall of Remembrance, he was released from his duties at the Camouflage School and returned to France on 7 November 1918 to do sketches, and other work, for his BWMC commission. He stayed in France until 14 December 1918, visiting Mons only hours after it had been retaken by the Allies. At the front, Gill spent a week stationed in an artillery battery, where he suffered from frostbite. The visit to France resulted in the paintings Evening, After a Push and Heavy Artillery, the painting intended for the Hall of Remembrance and, later, Canadian Observation Post for the Canadian War Memorials scheme. For Heavy Artillery, Gill drew on his experience as a camouflage officer;- the two large howitzers in the painting both have a patchwork camouflage design and are covered in green netting to avoid detection by enemy aircraft.

### Later life

By 1919, Gill had returned to the British School in Rome.
Gill first exhibited with New English Art Club in 1914 and eventually became a member of the group in 1926. He also showed works at the Royal Academy from 1924 onwards and taught painting at the Royal College of Art from 1922 until 1925. Between 1925 and 1927, Gill worked on a large mural, King Alfred's long-ships defeat the Danes, 877, for St. Stephen's Hall in the Palace of Westminster. This was followed by mural commissions for the Bank of England, Essex County Hall in Chelmsford and Northampton Guildhall.
In the early thirties, Gill had an affair with Mabel Lethbridge, a Great War heroine and writer, while occupying a studio on the first floor of her Chelsea home. Her daughter Sue was the child model for Gill's 1934 painting The Kerry Flute Player In 1938, under the name Richard Saxby, Gill with his wife Una Long published the book Five Came to London. In 1939, he received a commission to paint murals at the Johannesburg Magistrates' Courts and it was in South Africa, in November 1940, that he died, aged 48, of an illness.
# South Bottoms Historic District

The South Bottoms Historic District is a residential neighborhood of Lincoln, Nebraska. The district includes 1050 contributing structures, with a relatively small proportion of 148 non-contributing structures. The neighborhood was settled primarily by Volga Germans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The houses are primarily wood-framed single-family residences, with some commercial structures on F Street between 2nd and 5th Streets. The houses mix vernacular American house construction with wood frame traditions brought from Russia by the residents. The neighborhood is roughly bounded by A and M Streets from Eighth Street to the city limits.
The area along Salt Creek was settled by Volga Germans starting in the 1870s, attracted by the inexpensive housing found in the Salt Creek floodplain. Immigrants from individual Russian villages tended to stick together. For instance, the Norker Bottom section was inhabited by people from the villages of Norka, Kukkus and Huck, while the Franker Bottom section housed people from Frank, Balzer and Beideck. Since many of the immigrants were farmers, many people from the South Bottoms spent May through November working in the sugar beet fields in central Nebraska.
Typical houses in the South Bottoms neighborhood have front or side porches and are on raised concrete block foundations. Porch columns are supported by masonry piers, and houses typically have hipped roofs. A number of churches are found in the neighborhood.
The South Bottoms Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1986.
# Mohamed Ould

Mohamed Ould may refer to:
* Mohamed Ould Bilal, 16th Prime Minister of Mauritania
* Mohamed Ould Brahim, Mauritanian athlete
* Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, President of Mauritania from 2007 to 2008Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President of Mauritania since 2019
* Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Former head of state of Mauritania from 1980 to 1984
* Mohamed Ould Khalifa (born 1968), Mauritanian long-distance runner
* Mohamed Ould Khayar (born 1967), Mauritanian middle-distance runner
* Mohamed Ould Maaouya, Mauritanian politician
* Mohamed Ould M’Kaitir (born 1985)Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets, Mauritanian blogger
* Mohamed Ould Sidi Mohamed Aly, Mauritanian politicianPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Mohamed Ould Tolba (born 1962), Mauritanian politician
* Sid'Ahmed Ould Mohamedou (born 1966), Mauritanian long-distance runner
# L'Atlantide (1992 film)

L'Atlantide is a 1992 French-Italian adventure film directed by Bob Swaim and starring Tchéky Karyo, Christopher Thompson and Jean Rochefort. It tells the story of a former soldier who searches for a man who has disappeared, and comes into contact with a mysterious and attractive queen from an ancient dynasty. It is based on Pierre Benoit's 1919 novel Atlantida, which had been adapted for film several times before. The film premiered in France on 30 December 1992.

## Cast

* Tchéky Karyo as Lieutenant Morhange
* Christopher Thompson as St. Avit
* Victoria Mahoney as Antinea
* Anna Galiena as Amira
* Jean Rochefort as Le Meige
* Günther Maria Halmer [de] as Bielowsky
* Orso Maria Guerrini as Ben Cheikh
* Patrice-Flora Praxo [fr] as Tanit
* Michele Melega as Ferriere
* Claudia Gerini as Sophie
* Antonio Marsina [it] as Nirval
* Fernando Rey as Père Mauritius
# Thomas R. Gold

Thomas Ruggles Gold (November 4, 1764 – October 24, 1827) was a United States representative from New York.

## Biography

Born in Cornwall, Connecticut, he pursued classical studies and was graduated from Yale College in 1786. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Goshen, Connecticut. He settled in Whitesboro, Oneida County, New York, in 1792 and was assistant New York attorney general from 1797 to 1801. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1796 to 1802 and was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1804 to the Ninth Congress. He served in the New York State Assembly in 1808 and was elected as a Federalist to the Eleventh and Twelfth Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1813. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1812 to the Thirteenth Congress, and was elected to the Fourteenth Congress, holding office from March 4, 1815, to March 3, 1817. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1816 and resumed the practice of law in Whitesboro, where he died in 1827. His interment was in Grand View Cemetery.
# Neutral Huron language

Neutral or Neutral Huron was the Iroquoian language spoken by the Neutral Nation.
The name Neutral, given to them by the French, reflected their attempt to stay neutral in the Huron–Iroquois wars. They were called Attawandaron by the Huron.
Mithun (1979:145, 188–189) cites Jesuits pointing out that the Neutral language was different from the Wendat language, in that the Neutrals were "vne Nation differente de langage, au moins en plusieurs choses" (Thwaites 21:188) / "a Nation different in language, at least in many respects" (Thwaites 21:189). Mithun further cites work by Roy Wright (Mithun 1979:160) where the latter notes from the Neutral name given to Chaumonot that the Neutral language did not have sound changes that distinguish Wendat from other Northern Iroquoian languages. Hanzeli (1969), referencing Thwaites (21:228–230), notes Brébeuf and Chaumonot considered Neutral different enough from Wendat to write a separate Neutral grammar and dictionary, now lost.
# H. Merle Cochran

Horace Merle Cochran (1892 – 1973) was an American diplomat, economist, and career Foreign Service Officer. He served as the first U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia from 1949 to 1953.

## Early life and education

Cochran was born in 1892 in Crawfordsville, Indiana. He earned a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science from the University of Arizona.

## Career

After joining the United States Foreign Service, Cochran served as Vice Consul in Germany, Mexico, Guatemala, Switzerland, Jamaica, Haiti, and Montreal, Canada. He then served as Deputy Liaison Officer at the United States Department of State in Washington, D.C. He served as Consul in Paris and Switzerland before returning to France to serve as Financial Secretary of the Embassy. Cochran briefly left the State Department to serve as the Technical Assistant to the United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1939 to 1941 under Henry Morgenthau Jr. From 1941 to 1948, Cochran served as a Senior Foreign Service Inspector. He was nominated to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan in 1949, but was never confirmed. He served as the first U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia from 1949 to 1953. He was commissioned during a recess of the United States Senate and recommissioned on February 2, 1950, after confirmation.
In January 1952, Cochran engaged in private negotiations with Indonesian Foreign Minister Achmad Soebardjo to provide aid and loans to Indonesia under the Mutual Security Act of 1951. When the negotiations were made public, opposition in Indonesia's parliament emerged, eventually culminating with the resignation of Soebardjo and then-Prime Minister of Indonesia Soekiman Wirjosandjojo in late February.
Cochran retired from the Foreign Service in 1953, and worked as Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from 1953 to 1962. From 1963 to 1969, he served as the Chairman of the Greek consortium of the OECD.

## Death

Chochran died on September 20, 1973, in Houston, Texas at the age of 81.
# Mariaville Historic District

Mariaville Historic District is a national historic district located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. The district includes seven contributing buildings along the northwest shore of Mariaville Lake near the Chuctanunda Creek. It encompasses five residences, one church (First Presbyterian Church of Duanesburg), one commercial building (Silas Marsh General Store), and five outbuildings. The buildings date from the 1830s to 1850s and are representative of the Greek Revival style.
The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# South Carolina State Arsenal

The South Carolina State Arsenal ("The Old Citadel") in Charleston, South Carolina was built in 1829 in response to the alleged 1822 slave revolt led by Denmark Vesey. The alleged uprising never came to fruition and Vesey was publicly hanged in 1822. In 1842 the South Carolina Military Academy, a liberal arts military college, was established by the state legislature, and the school took over the arsenal the following year as one of 2 campuses, the other being the Arsenal Academy in Columbia, South Carolina. The school became known as the Citadel Academy because of the appearance of its building. From 1865 to 1881, during Reconstruction, Federal troops occupied the Citadel, and the school was closed. Classes resumed in 1882 and continued in this building until the school was relocated to a new campus on the banks of the Ashley River in 1922.
Frederick Wesner and Edward Brickell White are credited with the Citadel's design. The original State Arsenal building was a two-story brick building around a courtyard, designed by Wesner. White was responsible for changes to the building about 1850, and added the third floor and wings. A fourth floor was added in 1910.
The building was lightly damaged by the 1886 Charleston earthquake, but suffered more serious damage from an 1892 fire which is believed to have begun in a chimney that was cracked in the earlier tremor.
Charleston County used the building for government offices during much of the 20th century. In 1994 a local development firm renovated the building for use as a hotel.
# Pyershamaysk

Pyershamaysk (Belarusian: Першамайск, romanized: Pieršamajsk; Russian: Першемайск, romanized: Pershemaysk), formerly Sabakintsy until 1954 (Belarusian: Сабакінцы; Polish: Sobakińce), is an agrotown in Shchuchyn District, Grodno Region, western Belarus.

## History

Sobakińce was granted Magdeburg town rights by King John III Sobieski in 1676, renewed by King Augustus III of Poland in 1755. It was annexed by Russia in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. Following World War I, Sobakińce, as it was known in Polish, was part of reborn Poland, within which it was the seat of a gmina, administratively located in the Nowogródek Voivodeship of Poland.
Following the invasion of Poland in September 1939, it was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Nazi Germany until 1944, and then re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which eventually annexed it from Poland in 1945.
# Alexander C. Jones

Alexander Caldwell Jones was an American lawyer, journalist, diplomat, and Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War.

## Early life

He was born in 1830 near Moundsville, West Virginia, at that time a part of Virginia, to Garrison B. Jones and Martha Houston. He enrolled at Virginia Military Institute on July 28, 1846, and was graduated on July 4, 1850.
He then studied law and moved to Minnesota territory, where he became a district attorney and served as probate judge in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1858-1860 he served as Minnesota's adjutant general.

## Civil War

When his native state declared its secession from the United States in 1861 he returned to Virginia, where he joined the 44th Virginia Infantry. He was commissioned a lieutenant-colonel on May 1, 1862, and was wounded in the Battle of Gaines's Mill.
After convalescing from his injuries and serving in the Bureau of Conscription he resigned his commission on June 16, 1863, and requested a transfer to the Trans-Mississippi Dept. There he served on John Bankhead Magruder's staff and was then given the command of a Texas brigade of infantry. Gen. Kirby Smith recommended his promotion to brigadier-general on March 16, 1865, although there is no confirmation of his appointment. Jones was paroled in Brownsville, Texas on July 24, 1865, as a "brigadier-general". He was given a presidential pardon, dated August 15, 1865, sponsored by the Attorney General and the Hon. J. J. Jackson, which described him as a "rebel brigadier general".

## Later life

Jones left for Mexico to serve under Emperor Maximilian until the fall of his regime. He then returned to West Virginia, and lived in Wheeling with his wife Ella Clemens' family. He became the editor of the National Intelligencer, but that newspaper failed in 1869.
In 1880 he was appointed U.S. Consul in Nagasaki and was transferred in 1886 to the China embassy in Chungking, where he died on Jan. 13, 1898.
# Lichtenstein's sandgrouse

Lichtenstein's sandgrouse (Pterocles lichtensteinii) is a species of bird in the Pteroclidae family, which is named after Martin Lichtenstein. They are nomadic, mostly nocturnal birds, which drink before dawn and after dusk.

## Range

The species is found over a wide region, from near the equator in Kenya, through the Middle East to Afghanistan. In Africa it is besides found in Algeria, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. In Asia it is also found in Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

## Races

There are five accepted races:
* P. l. targius von Schweppenburg, 1916 – Sahara and Sahel
* P. l. lichtensteinii Temminck, 1825 – Israel to Somalia and Socotra
* P. l. sukensis Neumann, 1909 – South Sudan to central Kenya
* P. l. ingramsi Bates & Kinnear, 1937 – local in Yemen
* P. l. arabicus Neumann, 1909 – Arabia to Pakistan
# Mariner's Church (Portland, Maine)

Mariner's Church (also known as the Old Port Tavern and Mariner's Church Banquet Center) is a historic church and commercial building at 366–376 Fore Street in Portland, Maine. Built in 1828, the Greek Revival building historically served as both a church and marketplace. It was for many years the city's largest commercial building, and survived the city's great 1866 fire. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

## Description and history

The former Mariner's Church occupies much of a city block in Portland's Old Port area. It occupies a trapezoidal lot bounded on the north by Fore Street, the east by Market Street, and the west by Moulton Street, with its main facade facing toward Fore Street. It is a three-story masonry structure, built of granite and brick, with a broad gabled roof. The main facade has six storefronts on the ground floor, each with a recessed entrance flanked on one side by a large fixed-pane display window. The second floor has a bank of twelve round-arch windows, with rectangular windows on the third level. The gable above is fully pedimented, with a fanlight window near the center of its base. The building's corners are rounded, the left one in brick and the right one in stone. The main facade is predominantly stone, with the street-facing side walls mainly brick.
The building was constructed in 1828 and was used for "moral and religious" instruction of local mariners, with the building's upkeep supported by the commercial businesses on its ground floor. The building was damaged in the city's 1866 fire. In 1969 the building was purchased by C.H. Robinson who saved it from demolition. In 1973 the building opened as a restaurant known as the Old Port Tavern, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places that same year. Today, the building is used for events as the Mariner's Church Banquet Center.
Old Port Tavern, on the Moulton Street side of the building, closed in 2022, after fifty years of operation. Old Port Billiards, on the building's third story, remained open.