OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Darrow School

42°27′10.94″N 73°22′58.49″W﻿ / ﻿42.4530389°N 73.3829139°W﻿ / 42.4530389; -73.3829139
Darrow School is a private, co-educational, college-preparatory school located in New Lebanon, New York. The school serves boarding and day students in grades 9-12 and PG (post-graduate).

## History

Darrow opened in the fall of 1932 as the Lebanon School for Boys. In 1938 president Charles S. Haight died and C. Lambert Heyniger purchased the school, becoming its headmaster and treasurer. Heyniger was a Princeton alumnus who had taught as a missionary in China and then pursued graduate study at Columbia University before joining General Motors. He renamed the school in the Shaker tradition, after a family prominent among the religious colony.
In 1963, three Darrow students set a fire and destroyed the century-old dining hall and fire leveled the 156-year-old gymnasium. Both fires threatened dormitories housing 175 pupils. The boys had hoped school officials would send all the pupils home until repairs were made.
In late 2023, the school's precarious financial situation almost led to closure.

## Campus

The campus is situated on the original site of the Mount Lebanon Shaker Village, a National Historic Landmark. It spans over 365 acres of land, with 26 buildings, tennis courts, playing fields, ponds, orchards, pastures, marshlands, and a vast forest.

## Student body

The school currently enrolls 110 students from across the United States and beyond.

## Athletics

Student participate in a number of competitive and non-competitive sports:
* Fall
** Cross-country
** Soccer
** Outdoor education
** Mixed martial arts
* Winter
** Girls varsity basketball
** Boys varsity basketball
** Boys prep basketball
** Alpine
* Spring
** Lacrosse
** Softball
** Outdoor education
** Esports

## Traditions

The strong visual traces of Shaker austerity stand in contrast with the modern and less conventional morés of some affluent students raised in such different moral settings. In an interview, teacher Ed Noggle stated that a fascination with ghosts resulted. "These young people," Noggle says, "are very much of this world, very sensual, sexual beings. It has always been a matter of 'Ha, ha, what would the Shakers do if they could see all this? They'd roll over in their graves.'"

## Notable alumni

* Gerald A Cann, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Class of 1949
* Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr., Apollo 12 commander and third man to walk on the Moon, Class of 1949
* Michael Flomen, artist, attended 1969-1971
* August François von Finck, German businessman
* Sam Harper, screenwriter of Cheaper by the Dozen and Cheaper by the Dozen 2. Class of 1974
* William H. Hudnut III, mayor of Indianapolis
* Christopher Lloyd, actor
* Donald Cushing McGraw, Jr., businessman, Class of 1943
* Chris "Mad Dog" Russo, radio personality, Class of 1978
* David Henry Sterry, writer

## Notable faculty/staff

* Antonio Anderson
* Frederic M. Wheelock
* Leah Penniman
# Jacob's Well (Texas)

Jacob's Well is a perennial karstic spring in the Texas Hill Country flowing from the bed of Cypress Creek, located northwest of Wimberley, Texas.

## Description

The spring is located on the property of Jacob's Well Natural Area (JWNA), managed by the Hays County Parks Department. The visitor entrance for JWNA is located at 1699 Mt. Sharp Road in Wimberley, Texas. The 12-foot (3.7 m) diameter mouth of the spring serves as a popular local swimming spot. From the opening in the creek bed, Jacob's Well cave descends vertically for about 30 feet (9.1 m), then continues downward at an angle through a series of silted chambers separated by narrow restrictions, finally reaching an average depth of 120 feet (37 m). Until the modern era, the Trinity Aquifer-fed natural artesian spring gushed water from the mouth of the cave, with a measured flow in 1924 of 170 US gallons per second (640 L/s), discharging 6 feet (1.8 m) into the air.
Due to excessive pumping to meet supply demands by Aqua Texas (a subsidiary of Essential Utilities), the level of the Trinity Aquifer has dropped, affecting the flow of water through Jacob's Well. In the modern era, what remains visible of the spring is a faint ripple on the surface of Cypress Creek. The spring ceased flowing for the first time in recorded history in 2000, again ceasing to flow in 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2022. This resulted in now ongoing measures to address local water conservation and quality. Hays County purchased 50 acres (20 ha) of land around Jacob's Well in 2010, in an attempt to protect the spring from development. An additional thirty-one acres was transferred to the county from the neighboring Jacob's Well Natural Area (administered at the time by the Wimberley Valley Watershed Association (WVWA)), the new, eighty-acre (32 hectares) named the Westridge Tract.

### Caves and diving

The system has been explored and mapped by cave divers of the Jacob's Well Exploration Project and has been shown to consist of two principal conduits. One passageway measures approximately 4,500 feet (1,400 m) from the surface with a maximum depth of 137 feet (42 m), and a secondary one extends approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) in length from the point where it diverges from the main conduit.
The cave is also an attraction for open-water divers, some of whom are inexperienced with the specialized techniques and equipment used in cave diving, which has resulted in nine fatalities at this site between 1964 and 1984 (eight men and one woman).
# Warm Springs Mill

Warm Springs Mill, also known as Miller Mill and Inn at Gristmill Square, is a historic grist mill complex and national historic district located at Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia. It was built in 1901, and is a three-story, gable-roofed frame building, with an iron overshot Fitz water wheel with the original mill race. The mill remained in operation until 1971, after which it was renovated for use as a restaurant and bed and breakfast.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# One and One Is Two

"One and One Is Two" is a song by the musical group The Strangers with Mike Shannon, released as their debut single in 1964. It was composed by Paul McCartney and published under the author's credit Lennon/McCartney.

## Background

The demo of "One And One Is Two" was probably recorded in Paris in late January/early February 1964, with McCartney singing to an acoustic guitar and piano. It was recorded at the George V Hotel during the Beatles' concert series at the Olympia at the request of publisher Dick James. The demo has not yet been released legally.
"One And One Is Two" was originally intended for Billy J. Kramer & the Dakotas, but the group declined. John Lennon reportedly exclaimed during the recording of the demo, "Billy J. will be done when he gets this song". In 1980, he commented, "This is another one of Paul's bad attempts at writing a song".
The song was also offered to fellow group The Fourmost, who, like the Dakotas, had previously recorded other Lennon/McCartney compositions. Brian O'Hara, guitarist and vocalist for The Fourmost later said of the offer, "McCartney came into the studio and played bass on "One and One Is Two", but there just wasn't any meat in the song and we couldn't get anywhere with it."
The single "One and One is Two" with the B-side "Time and the River" was finally released on May 8, 1964, in the UK by The Strangers with Mike Shannon. The song didn't get into the British charts. The group released their second and final single, "Do You Or Don't You" / "What Can I Do", in December 1964, which also failed to enter the charts.

## Covers

* Bas Muys [nl] - Lennon & McCartney Songs (never Issued)
* The Beatnix - It's Four You
* Apple Jam – Off the Beatle Track (2009)
# Judicial Administration Training Institute

Judicial Administration Training Institute is a statutory organization of the Bangladesh government. It is a national training institute for judges and judicial magistrates in Bangladesh.

## History

Judicial Administration Training Institute was established in 1996 as a statutory organization. It was established through the Judicial Administration Training Institute Act 1995. The purpose of the institute is to train judges, magistrates and other judicial officers.
# Aeolus Acoustic Wind Pavilion

The Aeolus Acoustic Wind Pavilion is a musical installation artwork created by Luke Jerram. It is a large aeolian harp that was inspired by Jerram's time in Iran. The installation toured England from 2011 to 2012, appearing at Lyme Park, the Eden Project, MediaCityUK and Canary Wharf.

## Origins

The pavilion was created by Luke Jerram, an artist from Bristol, with help from Tim Waters (University of Southampton), Ian Drumm (University of Salford) and the Arup Group. Funding was provided by Arts Council England (who provided £95,000), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Outokumpu.
The installation is named after Aeolus, the Ancient Greek ruler of the winds. Jerram first conceptualized the installation in 2007 during a spell in Yazd, Iran. While speaking with a well-digger working on a qanat, the digger mentioned that the qanat would sometimes make sounds at times when there was wind. This inspired Jerram to create a piece of architecture that "would resonate and sing with the wind".

## Design

Aeolus is an aeolian harp, a stringed instrument that produces music using the wind. Nylon strings are stretched along the tubes, which amplify the strings' sounds. During times that there is no wind, tubes with no strings play low tones in the aeolian mode. The sounds Aeolus produces have been likened to the minimalist music of Steve Reich.
The installation's design takes cues from religious architecture, such as St. Peter's Basilica and the domes of mosques. Jerram used 310 polished stainless steel tubes to create the piece. The installation is 6 metres (20 ft) tall and weighs around 10,000 kilograms (22,000 lb). Each tube measures 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) in length.

## Touring

Aelous toured England from 2011 to 2012. The tour began at Lyme Park where it was in display from 6-20 August 2011. It then appeared at the Eden Project from 19 September to 9 October. During its time at the Eden Project, an exhibition showcasing Aeolus' creation took place at the Royal West of England Academy. The installation then displayed at MediaCityUK from 22 October before finishing with a spell at Canada Square Park in Canary Wharf, London from 27 March to 10 May 2012.
# Mascalls Academy

Mascalls Academy (formerly Mascalls School) is a co-educational secondary school and a sixth form with academy status located in Paddock Wood, Kent.

## Etymology

The name comes from the nearby Mascalls corner.

## History

The school opened in 1956 as Mascalls School, a foundation school administered by Kent County Council. It became an academy in 2011, and in 2015 it joined the Leigh Academies Trust.
Stuart Reeves, headteacher since 2010, was promoted to LAT Executive Director of the West Kent cluster of academies at the time of the school's accession to the Leigh Academies Trust in 2015. Wayne Barnett then became principal, having previously served as vice principal since 2013. In 2019, Barnett was promoted by the Leigh Academies Trust to serve as the principal of Stationers' Crown Woods Academy. The vice principal at the time, William Monk was then promoted to principal of Mascalls.
The Leigh Academies Trust has given all students in the trust, including the students at Mascalls, Quest 2s to help with learning.
The academy had a therapy dog called "Levi" after Claude Lévi-Strauss. He was a cocker spaniel, born on 23 May 2019, and registered with the Pets As Therapy charity.
When High Weald Academy closed in September 2022, all pupils from Year 7 to Year 10 were offered places at Mascalls.
Following the promotion of the current principal, William Monk, to a senior executive position within the Leigh Academies Trust, it was announced that Jo Brooks would become principal from 1 January 2023.

## Houses

Mascalls Academy is organised into four houses (called "colleges"), named after "significant individuals".
For the lower school:
* Earhart (named after Amelia Earhart)
* Shackleton (named after Ernest Shackleton)
* Luther King (named after Martin Luther King Jr.)
For the sixth form:
* Marie Curie (named after Marie Skłodowska Curie)

## Mascalls Gallery

A small art gallery was located on the school site from 2006 to 2016. It had a frequently changing programme of exhibitions featuring national and internationally known artists. These included Henry Moore, L. S. Lowry, Graham Sutherland and Lee Miller as well as artists from Latin America, Japan and the United States. In 2010, Mascalls Gallery exhibited for the first time in the UK drawings by Marc Chagall for the nearby All Saints' Church in Tudeley. An exhibition of watercolour paintings by Roland Collins led to further exhibitions in London, raising the artist's profile.
The gallery closed in June 2016 due to a lack of funds, and the building has since been refurbished as the new Mascalls Library.

## Ofsted

The school's last full inspection was in 2012 when it was judged as 'Good' by Ofsted.

## Notable alumni

* Philip Martin Brown, actor
# William Orlando Markham

William Orlando Markham FRCP (1818–1891) was an English physician and pioneer of cardiology.
After education at Edinburgh, Paris, and Heidelberg, William Markham graduated in 1840 M.D. in the University of Edinburgh, where he obtained a gold medal for his thesis on the surgical practice of Paris, illustrated by cases. He became house-surgeon to the York Road Lying-in Hospital and soon after was appointed physician to the Blenheim Street Dispensary. He resigned that position when he was elected to the Western General Dispensary, New Road. At St Mary's Hospital, Markham was appointed in 1851 assistant physician and in 1857 full physician, resigning in December 1867. At St Mary's Hospital, he was from 1854 to 1860 lecturer on pathology and 1857 to 1860 lecturer on physiology. He was elected FRCP in 1854.
Markham was from January 1861 to August 1866 the editor-in-chief of the British Medical Journal. From 1867 to 1870 he was Poor Law inspector and medical adviser to the Poor Law Board; however, he resigned in November 1870 because of failing health.
   His chief interest was in cardiology and his Diseases of the Heart (1856), perhaps the first work to distinguish the characteristic physical signs of mitral stenosis, was accepted as authoritative and went into a second edition. He was Goulstonian Lecturer in 1864 at the Royal College of Physicians. Markham was a man of considerable private means and, when his health began to fail in 1870, was able to retire in comfort.

## Family

William Orlando Markham was christened on 23 September 1818 in Northampton. His father was Charles Markham, Clerk of the Peace for Northampton. William Markham was married twice. He married his first wife, Eliza Emma, daughter of John William Smith of Shrewsbury, on 29 April 1847. She gave birth to their son, Henry William Kennedy Markham, on 26 July 1848 and died on 19 August 1848. William Markham's second wife was Catherine, daughter of Dr. James Hamilton of Edinburgh and widow of Thomas Segrave. William and Catherine married in September 1854. Their daughter, Eliza Catherine Markham, was born on 4 September 1855.

## Selected publications

* A Treatise on Auscultation and Percussion by Dr. Joseph Skoda, translated from the 4th ed. by W. O. Markham. 1853. (The German 1st edition was Joseph Škoda's Abhandlung über Perkussion und Auskultation, Vienna, 1839.)
* Diseases of the Heart by W. O. Markham, M.D. (2nd ed.). 1860.
# Palestine at the 2002 Asian Games

Palestine participated in the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea, from September 29 to October 14, 2002. Athletes from Palestine won only one bronze medal, and finished at the 36th spot in the medal table.
# Palestine at the 2010 Asian Games

The Palestine sent participants to the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou, China. It did not win any medals.
# Jendrik Sigwart

Jendrik Sigwart (German pronunciation:; born 27 August 1994), better known by the mononym Jendrik, is a German singer and musical performer who represented Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Rotterdam, Netherlands with his song "I Don't Feel Hate".

## Early life and career

Jendrik Sigwart grew up in Hamburg-Volksdorf and has four siblings. He learned piano and violin as a teenager and studied musicals for four years at the Institute for Music at the Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences. While still a student, he appeared in various musicals, including German productions of My Fair Lady, Hairspray and Peter Pan. Sigwart began his career in 2016, where he released "Dibdibidi".

## Eurovision

On 6 February 2021, it was announced that he had been selected internally to represent Germany at Eurovision Song Contest in Rotterdam bypassing the German representative to the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 Ben Dolic.
Sigwart self-penned the entry, "I Don't Feel Hate". It was released on 25 February, 2021. A music video was also released. The song was produced by Christoph Oswald.
At Eurovision, Sigwart performed 15th in the running order. He ultimately finished 25th (second last) in the final, receiving three jury points and zero televote points.

## Personal life

Sigwart lives in Hamburg with his boyfriend Jan.

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Details |
| The-Gonna-End-Up-Somewhere-Anyway | Released: 8 April 2024 Label: Self-released Formats: Digital download, streaming |
| The-Little-Summer-Morning-Live-Band-Aid | Released: 6 June 2024 Label: Self-released Formats: Digital download, streaming |
| The-Acoustic-Birthday-ExP | Released: 20 September 2024 Label: Self-released Formats: Digital download, streaming |
| The-Never-Ending-Fall | Released: 1 December 2024 Label: Self-released Formats: Digital download, streaming |
| The-German-Winter-ExP | Released: 31 December 2024 Label: Self-released Formats: Digital download, streaming |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | LTU | SWE Heat. | UK Down. | Album |
| "Dibdibidi" | 2016 | — | — | — | The-Little-Summer-Morning-Live-Band-Aid |
| "I Don't Feel Hate" | 2021 | 79 | 17 | 71 | Non-album singles |
| "I Can't Explain It I ♥️ U" | 2024 | — | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Stronger From It" | 2024 | — | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Parallel Dimension" | 2024 | — | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "How to Stay Optimistic?" | 2024 | — | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "The Neighbour Song" | 2024 | — | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "Interview with a Ghost" | 2024 | — | — | — | Non-album singles |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. ||||||
# Adam Lewis Bingaman

Adam Lewis "A.L." Bingaman (February 11, 1793 - September 6, 1869) was an American politician. He held the top offices of both houses of the Mississippi Legislature: was the President of the Mississippi State Senate from 1838 to 1840, and the Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1834 to 1836.

## Early life

Bingaman studied law in Massachusetts, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts, Harvard University Class of 1812. While at Harvard, by arrangement, Adam lived in Boston with the sister of Winthrop Sargent (former Governor of the Mississippi Territory). Judith Sargent Murray, Winthrop's sister, was a highly regarded feminist essayist, poet, and playwright, whose husband, John Murray, was the founder of organized Universalism in America. Adam was drawn to their daughter, Julia Maria Murray, and the two married secretly before Adam was called home to Natchez. Many months went by without word from Adam, but when Julia Maria gave birth to their daughter, Charlotte, Winthrop Sargent intervened with the Bingaman family in Natchez and Adam was directed travel to Boston and return with his wife and child. By then, John Murray had died. Not wanting to part with her daughter and granddaughter, Judith Sargent Murray also relocated to Natchez -- just when her young cousin Henrietta Sargent, Lydia Maria Child, and other Boston abolitionists were starting to incorporate Judith's political essays into their own arguments for equality.

## Plantation life

Murray, her daughter, and granddaughter went to live at Fatherland, the Bingaman family plantation in Natchez, Mississippi. Life on the plantation was privileged. The noted race horse, Lexington was stabled at the Bingaman plantation while being trained by John Benjamin Pryor, the horse trainer at the top of his field. Bingaman was a slaveholder, holding 230 slaves in 1850 and 310 in 1860. Bingaman had a relationship with a free black woman, Mary E. Williams, and may have fathered as many as six children: Frances Ann, wife of Pryor; Cordelia, Emilie, Marie Sophie Charlotte, James and Henriette.

## Orator and political life

As a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1833, Bingaman headed a select committee during the Nullification Crisis that preceded the American Civil War. He served as the president of the State Senate from 1838 to 1840. Bingaman was described by his peers as "a man of rare qualifications for a popular leader, being gifted by nature in mind and personal appearance (which was most dignified and commanding), with a polished education and fascinating manners; he was a natural orator." After Charles Lynch was elected governor of Mississippi, Bingaman read Lynch's inaugural speech to the Mississippi Assembly. Bingaman's reputation as an orator was heightened by his speech to General Andrew Jackson at Natchez in January 1840.
# The Invention of Solitude

The Invention of Solitude is Paul Auster's debut memoir, published in 1982. The book is divided into two parts. The first part, Portrait of an Invisible Man, is about the sudden death of Auster's father. The second part, The Book of Memory, is a narrative in the third person.

## Development

Samuel Auster, the father of American writer Paul Auster, died in January 1979. Shortly after receiving word of Samuel Auster's death, Paul Auster resolved to write a book about his father, thinking that if he didn't, Samuel Auster's "life will vanish along with him".
In the course of writing, Auster struggled for months to write the second part of what would become The Invention of Solitude with a first person point of view; he ultimately instead narrated it in the third person.

## Publication

Sun published The Invention of Solitude in New York in 1982. It was Auster's debut memoir. Other editions were published by Penguin Books in 1982 and Faber & Faber in 2005.

## Synopsis

The Invention of Solitude is split into two parts, respectively titled Portrait of an Invisible Man and The Book of Memory. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, The Invention of Solitude is "both a memoir about the death of his father and a meditation on the act of writing".

### Portrait of an Invisible Man

This first part of The Invention of Solitude is about the unexpected death of Samuel Auster, and it describes the latter's life, influence, and idiosyncracies.

### The Book of Memory

The book's second part is narrated in the third person, with Auster calling himself "A.". The text contains experimental literary techniques influenced by French writing of the time and passages of literary and art criticism about creators such as Carlo Collodi and Johannes Vermeer.