OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Judy Bennett (historian)

Judith Ann Bennett (born 1944) is a New Zealand historian. She has been emeritus professor at the University of Otago since 2019.

## Academic career

Bennett wrote a 1979 PhD thesis at Australian National University titled, Wealth of the Solomons: a history of trade, plantations and society, Solomon Islands, c.1800–1942 studying the colonial history of the Solomon Islands and has spent much of her career researching, writing and teaching about the Pacific and its history.
Bennett has received two Marsden grants, the first to research the children of American servicemen and pacific women and the second to research the history of the coconut and its trade.

## Selected works

* Bennett, Judith A.. Wealth of the Solomons: A history of a Pacific archipelago, 1800–1978, Vol. 3. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1987.
* Bennett, Judith. Roots of conflict in Solomon Islands—though much is taken, much abides: legacies of tradition and colonialism; State, Society and Governance in Melanesia, Discussion Paper 2002/5. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 2002.
* Bennett, Judith A.. Pacific forest: A history of resource control and contest in the Solomon Islands c. 1800–1997. Brill Publishers, 2000.
* Bennett, J. A. and Russell, K. J. (eds). Journeys in a Small Canoe: the life and times of a Solomon Islander, Lloyd Maepeza Gina. Pandanus Press, Australian National University, Canberra, 2003.
* Bennett, Judith A.. Natives and exotics: World War II and environment in the Southern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 2009.
* Bayliss-Smith, T and J.A.Bennett (eds). An Otago storeman in Solomon Islands: The diary of William Crossan, copra trader, 1885–86. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 2012.
* Bennett, J. A. (ed.). Oceanian journeys and sojourns: Home thoughts abroad. Otago University Press, Dunedin, 2015.
* Bennett, J.A. and Wanhalla, A (eds). Mothers' Darlings of the South Pacific: the children of Indigenous Women and US Servicemen in World War Two. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, and University of Otago Press, Dunedin, 2016.
* Bennett, J. A.. Pacific Coconut: Comestible, Comfort and Commodity. Journal of Pacific History, Vol. 53 No. 4, 2018, 353–74.
* Bennett, J. A.. Voices of Rotuma: Enduring refrain. Journal of Pacific History, Vol. 53 No. 4, 2018, 502–520.
* Bennett, J. A.. Fluid frontiers and uncertain geographies: US controls on immigration from the Pacific (c. 1880–1950). Journal of Pacific History, DOI:10.1080/00223344.2017.1406319, 2017.
* Bennett, J. A.. Meditations: new directions in the study of the decolonization of Melanesia. Journal of Pacific History, Vol. 48 No. 3, 2013, 323–329.
* Bennett, J. A.. Introduction to Pacific Research Protocols at the University of Otago. The Contemporary Pacific, Vol. 25 No. 1, 2013, 95–124.
# Thomas Johnson (defensive tackle)

Thomas Johnson (born June 24, 1981) is an American former professional football defensive tackle in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Houston Texans and Atlanta Falcons. He played college football for the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders.

## Early years

Johnson attended Hamilton High School, where he played defensive tackle, tight end and linebacker. He led his team in tackles and sacks in his last 2 seasons. As a senior, he received All-state, All-Metro, and All-City honors.
He accepted a football scholarship from Middle Tennessee State University. As a true freshman, although he was enrolled in school, he did not participate in football while improving his grades. As a redshirt freshman, he appeared in 10 games with 4 starts at defensive tackle, registering 19 total tackles (2 for loss) and one sack
As a sophomore, he appeared in 10 games with 4 starts at defensive tackle, tallying 14 tackles, one sack and one blocked punt. As a junior, he appeared in 11 games with 8 starts at defensive tackle, posting 33 tackles (5.5 for loss), 4 sacks and one fumble recovery. As a senior, he was the regular starter at defensive tackle, recording 47 tackles (8 for loss) and 4 sacks.

## Professional career
### Dallas Cowboys

Johnson was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys after the 2005 NFL draft on April 28, to play as a nose tackle. He was declared inactive in the first 13 games, playing in only 2 games, while making 3 tackles and one quarterback pressure. On September 4, 2006, he was waived during final cuts after the team claimed defensive tackle J'Vonne Parker.

### Houston Texans

On September 6, 2006, he was signed as a free agent by the Houston Texans. He played in 11 games (3 starts) at defensive tackle and defensive end, recording 15 tackles and one pass deflection during the season. He had 5 tackles (4 solo) against the Cleveland Browns. He was released during mandatory roster cuts on August 28, 2007.

### New York Jets

On January 15, 2008, Johnson was signed by the New York Jets to a future contract. He was waived during final cuts on August 30.

### Atlanta Falcons

On January 7, 2009, Johnson was signed by the Atlanta Falcons to a future contract. He started in 10 games after Peria Jerry was lost for the season with a knee injury. He made 20 tackles and forced one fumble. He was waived during final roster cuts on August 31, 2010.
# Chang Ching-chung

Chang Ching-chung (Chinese: 張慶忠; born 14 December 1951) is a Taiwanese politician.

## Education

Chang attended Chiufen Elementary School in Juifang Township, Taipei County, moved to Keelung to complete middle school at the Keelung First High School Junior High, and later returned to Juifang, graduating from Juifang Industrial Senior High School. He studied civil engineering at the Taipei University of Technology and subsequently completed a master's degree at Chung Hua University.

## Political career

Chang was elected to the second National Assembly, serving from 1992 to 1995, and later served as a three-term member of the Legislative Yuan from 2005 to 2016.

## Personal life

Chang Ching-chung is married to Chen Ching-ting [zh], a member of the New Taipei City Council, with whom he raised three sons. For a portion of Chen's tenure on the council, their youngest son Chang Chun-yung was an assistant to his mother. Another son, Chang Chih-lun, ran against Justin Wu in the 2024 legislative election.
# Adelheid von Rothschild

Adelheid von Rothschild (also Adélaïde de Rothschild, 19 August 1853 – 22 June 1935) was a member of the Rothschild family.

## Biography

Adelheid was born on 19 August 1853 in Frankfurt. She was one of three daughters of Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild and Mathilde Hannah von Rothschild of the Naples branch of the Rothschild family.
Her paternal grandparents were Carl Mayer von Rothschild and Adelheid (née Hertz) von Rothschild. Her maternal grandparents were Anselm von Rothschild and Charlotte Nathan Rothschild (the daughter of Nathan Mayer Rothschild).
In 1877, she married her cousin Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (1845–1934), the youngest child of James Mayer Rothschild and Betty von Rothschild. Together, they were the parents of three children:
* James Armand Edmond de Rothschild (1878–1957), who married Dorothy Mathilde Pinto (1895–1988)
* Maurice Edmond Karl de Rothschild (1881–1957), who married Noémie Halphen (1888–1968)
* Miriam Caroline Alexandrine de Rothschild.
From the 1880s, Adelheid became involved in her husband's life work in Palestine. In 1954, her remains were laid to rest alongside those of her husband at Ramat HaNadiv in Israel.
Through her son Maurice, she was the grandmother of Baron Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild (1926–1997), who married Nadine Lhopitalier (b. 1932).
# Sphecomyrminae

Sphecomyrminae is an extinct subfamily of ants in family Formicidae known from a series of Cretaceous fossils found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Sphecomyrminae contains eight genera, divided into two tribes Sphecomyrmini and Zigrasimeciini. The tribe Sphecomyrmini contains the six genera Armania, Cretomyrma, Gerontoformica, Orapia, Pseudarmania and Sphecomyrma; while Zigrasimeciini contains Boltonimecia and Zigrasimecia. A number of taxa have been removed from the subfamily and placed either in other subfamilies or are now treated as incertae sedis in Formicidae.
Sphecomyrminae is the most basal of the Formicidae subfamilies, but has not been included in several phylogenetic studies of the family. Symplesiomorphies of the subfamily include the structure of the antenna, which has a short basal segment and a flexible group of segments below the antenna tip. The petiole is low and rounded, with an unrestricted gaster and the presence of a metapleural gland. The subfamily is characterized by three major synapomorphies, the short pedicel, a second flagellar segment that is double the length of the other antenna segments, and the loss of the apical end of the CuA veins in the wings of adult males.

## Tribes and genera

A 2017 study recognized three tribes, Haidomyrmecini, Sphecomyrmini, and Zigrasimeciini and included the genera formerly placed in Armaniidae within the tribe Sphecomyrmini. Further review of the haidomyrmecins resulted in them being elevated to the separate subfamily Haidomyrmecinae and removed from Sphecomyrminae.
* Sphecomyrminae Wilson & Brown, 1967
** Sphecomyrmini Wilson, Carpenter & Brown, 1967
*** Armania Dlussky, 1983
*** Baikuris Dlussky, 1987
*** Cretomyrma Dlussky, 1975
*** Dlusskyidris Bolton, 1994
*** Orapia Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004
*** Pseudarmania Dlussky, 1983
*** Sphecomyrma Wilson & Brown, 1967
The genus Sphecomyrmodes was formerly placed into Sphecomyrmini; however, in 2016, it was made a synonym of the stem group genus Gerontoformica, which was considered incertae sedis in Formicidae at the time. The former tribe Zigrasimeciini is now considered to comprise the separate subfamily Zigrasimeciinae.
# Allen Elliott

Allen Clifford Elliott (December 25, 1897 – May 6, 1979) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball. Nicknamed "Ace", he played for the Chicago Cubs.
# Margaret Garritsen de Vries

Margaret Garritsen de Vries (1922-2009) was an economist and historian known for her work for the International Monetary Fund.

## Education

deVries received her B.A. from the University of Michigan and her Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1946, under the direction of Paul Samuelson.

## International Monetary Fund career

She was among the first employees of the International Monetary Fund in 1946. She represented the agency on missions to many countries around the world, and became a division chief at the fund in 1957, nearly twenty years before any other women did the same. After leaving the fund as an economist as a condition of adopting her children, she returned part-time as a historian of the institution, eventually serving as the IMF's official historian from 1973 until her retirement in 1987.

## Awards and legacy

She was awarded the Carolyn Shaw Bell Award in 2002 in recognition of her work mentoring women in the economics profession.
The American Economic Association established the Margaret deVries Memorial Fund in her memory in 2010. This fund is used to pay registration fees for graduate students whose papers have been selected for presentation session at the AEA Annual meetings sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession. In addition, MIT established the Margaret Garritsen deVries Scholarship Fund to assist female graduate students in the field of economics.

## Selected works

* De Vries, Margaret Garritsen (1986). The IMF in a changing world 1945-85. International Monetary Fund.
* De Vries, Margaret Garritsen (1987). Balance of payments adjustment, 1945 to 1986: The IMF experience. International Monetary Fund. ISBN 978-0-939934-93-5.
# EA-3834

EA-3834 is a potent anticholinergic deliriant drug with a fairly long duration of action, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). It was developed under contract to Edgewood Arsenal during the 1960s as part of the US military chemical weapons program, during research to improve upon the properties of earlier agents such as QNB.
EA-3834 has a potency and central to peripheral effects ratio only slightly less than that of related compounds such as EA-3443, and is faster acting and shorter lasting, although not as much as other compounds such as 302196.
EA-3834 appears to cause renal problems, among them, microhematuria.
# Morigaon Assembly constituency

Morigaon Assembly constituency is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly. Morigaon forms part of the Nowgong Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| 1972 | Pitsing Konwar | Independent politician |
| 1978 | Kaliram Dekaraja | Indian National Congress |
| 1983 | Md Hussain | Independent politician |
| 1985 | Harendra Bora | Independent politician |
| 1991 | Munin Mahanta | Communist Party of India |
| 1996 | Munin Mahanta | Communist Party of India |
| 2001 | Jonjonali Baruah | Indian National Congress |
| 2006 | Jonjonali Baruah | Indian National Congress |
| 2011 | Jonjonali Baruah | Indian National Congress |
| 2016 | Rama Kanta Dewri | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2021 | Rama Kanta Dewri | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2021

2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election: Morigaon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Rama Kanta Dewri | 81,657 | 52.15 | −4.94 |
| | AJP | Bani Kanta Das | 45,125 | 28.82 | |
| | CPI | Munin Mahanta | 27,290 | 17.43 | +14.93 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1,571 | 1.00 | |
| | Independent | Ratul Bora | 939 | 0.60 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 36,532 | 23.33 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 156,582 | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | | |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2016

2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election: Morigaon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Rama Kanta Dewri | 80669 | 57.09 |
| | INC | Jonjonali Baruah | 51046 | 36.13 |
| | CPI | Munin Mahanta | 3526 | 2.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | | |
| | BJP gain from INC | BJP gain from INC | Swing | |
# Christopher Adler (lyricist)

Christopher Edward Adler (17 January 1954 – 30 November 1984) was an American lyricist and theatre director. His best-known works as a lyricist were the musical Jean Seberg and the show Shirley MacLaine on Broadway.

## Life and career

Adler was born in New York City, the son of composer and lyricist Richard Adler and his first wife Marion Hart. After their divorce in 1958, Marion took Christopher and his elder brother Andrew to live with her in London. When she died in the early 1960s, they returned to New York to live with their father and his second wife, Sally Ann Howes. Howes became their adoptive mother and remained close to Christopher throughout his life even after she and his father divorced in 1966. Adler graduated from Millbrook School in 1970 and then studied for a year at Lawrenceville School before attending his father's alma mater University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He graduated with honors in 1975 and during his time there directed 17 plays at the university's theatre.
He began his career in New York City with off-Broadway productions. In 1974 he directed Harold Pinter's Old Times at Lolly's Theater Club, and in 1977 wrote and directed White Piano, performed at Playwrights Horizons. White Piano was an adaptation of a 1974 account of Storyville, the red-light district of New Orleans. His first Broadway project was Herman van Veen: All of Him, a one-man show by the Dutch entertainer Herman van Veen for which Adler wrote the English lyrics. It opened at the Ambassador Theatre in December 1982.
His next project as a lyricist was the musical Jean Seberg with composer Marvin Hamlisch. Based on the life of Jean Seberg, the book by Julian Barry was in turn based on an original idea by Adler. Jean Seberg opened at the Olivier Theatre in London on 1 December 1983 and ran for 60 performances. He collaborated again with Hamlisch for Shirley MacLaine's revue Shirley MacLaine on Broadway which played in Las Vegas before opening at the Gershwin Theatre in New York on 19 April 1984 for a one-month run. Later that year MacLaine took the show to the Wilshire Theater in Los Angeles.
Adler died of AIDS-related cancer in November 1984 at the age of 30. Working from his bed at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, he completed the book and lyrics for Gideon Starr, a musical about a modern-day messiah. His father and brother Andrew each read a stanza from this final work at his memorial service in the Shubert Theatre.
# Gillis Orphans' Home

The Gillis Orphans' Home is a historic orphanage in Kansas City, Missouri, United States.

## History

The Gillis Orphans' Home was funded by Mary Ann Gillis, nephew of William Gillis, with his inheritance. It was built by members of the YWCA in 1900, on a 3.5 acres (0.014 km$^2$) property, donated by Thomas H. Swope. The wife of businessman S. B. Armour also donated $25,000 for the construction. In 1904, the Margaret Klock Armour Memorial Home was built next door. The Gillis Orphans' Home was originally called the Children's Home. During the 1920s and 1930s, the property was expanded to 26 acres after the nearby Memorial Home changed buildings. Ella C. Loose, wife of Jacob Loose, would give away a free pair of shoes and a dollar to all the orphans annually.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 10, 2017.

## Building description

Built in the Georgian style, the Gillis Orphans' Home is 3 stories, and is constructed with a main T-shape.
# List of CPBL batting champions

The batting championship is awarded to the Chinese Professional Baseball League player who has the highest batting average in a particular season.
Currently, a player needs to accrue an average of at least 3.1 plate appearances for each game his team plays in order to qualify for the batting title.

## Champions

| Year | Player | Team | Batting average |
| 1990 | Wang Kuang-hui (王光輝) | Brother Elephants | .342 |
| 1991 | Luis Iglesias (鷹 俠L.I.) | Mercuries Tigers | .331 |
| 1992 | Juan Castillo (卡 羅J.C.) | Uni-President Lions | .326 |
| 1993 | Tseng Kui-chang (曾貴章) | China Times Eagles | .337 |
| 1994 | Angel Gonzalez (康 雷A.G) | Mercuries Tigers | .360 |
| 1995 | Angel Gonzalez (康 雷A.G) | Mercuries Tigers | .354 |
| 1996 | Luis de los Santos (路易士L.S.) | Brother Elephants | .375 |
| 1997 | Robert Wood (德 伍R.W.) | Brother Elephants | .373 |
| 1998 | Jay Kirkpatrick (怪力男J.K.) | Sinon Bulls | .387 |
| 1999 | Hong Chi-feng (洪啟峰) | Chinatrust Whales | .333 |
| 2000 | Huang Chung-Yi (黃忠義) | Sinon Bulls | .354 |
| 2001 | Lou Min-ching (羅敏卿) | Uni-President Lions | .357 |
| 2002 | Chen Chien-wei (陳健偉) | Chinatrust Whales | .334 |
| 2003 | Peng Cheng-min (彭政閔) | Brother Elephants | .355 |
| 2004 | Peng Cheng-min (彭政閔) | Brother Elephants | .376 |
| 2005 | Peng Cheng-min (彭政閔) | Brother Elephants | .339 |
| 2006 | Chen Kuan-jen (陳冠任) | Brother Elephants | .349 |
| 2007 | Chen Chin-Feng (陳金鋒) | La New Bears | .382 |
| 2008 | Peng Cheng-min (彭政閔) | Brother Elephants | .391 |
| 2009 | Pan Wu-hsiung (潘武雄) | Uni-President Lions | .367 |
| 2010 | Peng Cheng-min (彭政閔) | Brother Elephants | .357 |
| 2011 | Chang Cheng-wei (張正偉) | Brother Elephants | .351 |
| 2012 | Pan Wu-hsiung (潘武雄) | Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions | .388 |
| 2020 | Chen Chieh-Hsien (陳傑憲) | Uni-President Lions | .360 |
| 2021 | Chen Chieh-Hsiu (陳俊秀) | Rakuten Monkeys | .352 |
| 2022 | Lin Li (林 立) | Rakuten Monkeys | .335 |
| 2023 | Liang Chia-Jung (梁家榮) | Rakuten Monkeys | .338 |
# Mount Whittier (Washington)

Mount Whittier is a prominent 5,883-ft (1,793 m) mountain summit located in Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, in Skamania County of southwest Washington state. It is situated in the Cascade Range, 2 mi (3.2 km) north of Spirit Lake, and 1.7 mi (2.7 km) northeast of The Dome. Its closest neighbor is Mount Margaret, 0.93 mi (1.50 km) to the south, and the nearest higher neighbor is Mount St. Helens, 9 mi (14 km) to the south. Whittier is the second-highest peak in the Mount St. Helens area, after Mt. St. Helens. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant as the summit rises 2,000 feet above the head of Coldwater Creek valley in 0.6 mi (0.97 km). Precipitation runoff from Mount Whittier drains into tributaries of the North Fork Toutle River.

## Geology

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences. During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity occurred. The lateral blast from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was pointed toward Mount Whittier and stripped the vegetation from its slopes. Due to Mount St. Helens' proximity to Mount Whittier, volcanic ash is common in the area. Mount Whittier and nearby Minnie Peak are composed of resistant granodiorite of the Spirit Lake pluton, which is a complex of once-molten rock that intruded the surrounding rocks approximately 20 million years ago.

## Climate

Mount Whittier is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.