# Fox toolkit

The FOX toolkit is an open-source, cross-platform widget toolkit, i.e. a library of basic elements for building a graphical user interface (GUI). FOX stands for Free Objects for X.
It features a hard-wired Windows 95-style theme available for both Microsoft Windows itself as well as the X Window System (which is used on many UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems).
The FOX toolkit has been released under the GNU Lesser General Public Licence. Development began 1997 by Jeroen van der Zijp while he was affiliated at CFDRC. Since then, Jeroen van der Zijp maintains the core library and test applications, with the help of user community.
The FOX toolkit is written in C++, with language bindings available for Python, Ruby and Eiffel. The FOX source code distribution supports building with many different (commercial and free) C++ compilers.

## Cross-platform compatibility

FOX differentiates itself in the following way from other cross-platform toolkits:
* Tk is a cross-platform toolkit but does not have all of the widgets that FOX considers desirable.
* Qt up to version 4.5 used to have a licensing model that required a commercial license in some cases where FOX would not.
* wxWidgets promotes the use of native widgets on each supported platform.
* FLTK is a fast, low-footprint library that supports rapid application development, and requires less code to use, but lacks advanced widgets.
All of these toolkits have some support for programming natively on the classic Mac OS and/or macOS platforms, which FOX currently does not support.
FOX uses a technique similar to the Java Swing-style approach to display a graphical user interface to the screen, using only graphical primitives available on that platform, as opposed to the original Java AWT-style approach which used native widgets. This means that applications will have a similar look and feel across platforms. In theory, porting FOX to a new platform should also be easier than implementing support for native widgets.
On the downside, it usually means that FOX applications will look and feel different from native applications for those platforms, which some users may find confusing. Also, certain native platform features may not be available immediately, such as comprehensive printing support or internationalized input handling, because they will need to be re-implemented in a cross-platform way before they can be used in FOX. Some applications, like Xfe File Manager, allow changing the color scheme to better integrate with the system's theme colors. On Arch Linux, an app called FOX Control Panel is available to change the color scheme of all FOX applications system-wide. It ships with the main FOX Toolkit package.

## Messaging system

FOX offers a transparent bi-directional messaging system. Each widget sends its message to a certain target. Each message is composed by a selector that identifies its kind and an id that is unique and provided by the widget's enumeration. The advantage is that each widget can call a target widget's method in a transparent manner, even if the method does not exist. Vice versa, in the implementation of the individual message handler, since the sender is known, the target can also dispatch a message to the sender. This is a particularly important feature in component oriented software, where components may be written by different people, or even different organizations.
The FOX messaging system simplifies the GUI update strategy: during widget update, the widgets can ask from their targets to update them. This means that a command message does not also have to explicitly update any widgets as it is typical. In case an application implements N command messages each updating M widgets, then M*N updates must be executed and at most M*N messages must be implemented. On the other hand, if widgets request for update, only N command messages and at most M update messages are implemented. This strategy separates the GUI update from data changes, making the GUI a real-time reflection of the underlying data structures.

## Internals
### Dependencies

Under hood it depends on the cross-platform libraries, which include the following:
* Open GL
* OpenGL Utility Library
* libjpeg
* libpng
* LibTIFF
* zlib (lz)
* bzip2 for file compression

## Hello World

The following example creates a FOX application and a dialog with a button on C++:
It is also possible to create dialogs with Python 2.2 and Ruby:
FXPy
FXRuby

## Software built on FOX

* CFD-View – a post-processing developed by ESI Group
* Abaqus/CAE – the pre- and post- processor of the Abaqus finite element suite
* bdStudio – an accurate and easy-to-use visualization tool for complex real time aerospace simulations developed by SAIC
* Intel Modular Test Architecture (IMTA)
* PVRShaman – a free shader-development studio from Imagination Technologies
* LinkCAD – a commercial format-conversion application for various CAD formats
* TMP Vision and SLIM – designed to meet the needs of complex FEA models
* Kerkythea – a multimethod render system
* Acronis True Image and other Acronis products
* Goggles Music Manager – a music collection manager and player
* xfe – a graphical file manager for the X Window System
* TnFOX – a fork of the FOX library
* SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) – a traffic simulator with a GUI editor