OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eiheiji, Fukui

Eiheiji (永平寺町, Eiheiji-chō) is a town located in Yoshida District, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2018, the town had an estimated population of 18,746 in 6,262 households and the population density of 200 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the town was 94.43 square kilometres (36.46 sq mi). The town is named for the famous temple of Eihei-ji.

## Geography

Eiheiji is located in Yoshida District in northern Fukui Prefecture, in the river valley of the Kuzuryū River.

### Neighbouring municipalities

* Fukui Prefecture
** Awara
** Fukui
** Katsuyama

### Climate

Eiheiji has a Humid climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Eiheiji is 14.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2459 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.6 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Eiheiji has remained relatively steady over the past 50 years.

## History

Eiheiji is part of ancient Echizen Province, and has been populated since the Japanese Paleolithic period. Numerous Kofun period remains have been found in the area, which was part of a large shōen in the Heian period. During the Kamakura period, in 1244, the monk Dōgen established the Sōtō Zen monastery of Eihei-ji, and the present town developed as a monzen-machi town attached to the temple. During the Edo period, the area was part of the holdings of Fukui Domain. Following the Meiji restoration, it was organised into part of Yoshida District in Fukui Prefecture. With the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the villages of Shihidani, Shimoshihi and Jōhō-ji were established. These villages were merged to form the village of Shihi on March 1, 1954. On September 1, 1962 Shihi was raised to town status, and was renamed Eiheiji.
On February 13, 2006 the town of Matsuoka and the village of Kamishihi, both from Yoshida District, were merged into the town of Eiheiji.

## Economy

Eiheiji's economy is heavily reliant on the flow of tourists and pilgrims to the Eihei-ji temple, which serves as a sizable seminary for the Soto Zen faith.
Aoyama Harp, the only harp manufacturer in Japan, is located in Eiheiji.

## Education

Eiheiji has seven public elementary schools and three middle schools operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school. Fukui Prefectural University has a campus at Eiheiji, and the medical school of the University of Fukui is also located in the town.

## Transportation
### Railway

* Echizen Railway Katsuyama Eiheiji Line
** Kannonmachi - Matsuoka - Shiizakai - Eiheijiguchi - Shimoshii - Kōmyōji - Domeki - Echizen-Nonaka - Sannō - Echizen-Takehara - Kobunato

### Highway

* Chubu-Jukan Expressway
* National Route 364
* National Route 416

## International relations

* Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China, friendship city to former Matsuoka Town since August 1997

## Local attractions

* Eihei-ji, head temple and seminary of the Sōtō Zen sect
* Matsuoka Kofun Cluster, National Historic Site
# Ōi, Fukui

Ōi (おおい町, Ōi-chō) is a town located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2018, the town had an estimated population of 8,102 and a population density of 63 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the town was 212.19 square kilometres (81.93 sq mi). It is one of the few Hiragana towns in Japan.

## Geography

Ōi is located in the far southwestern corner of Fukui Prefecture, bordered by Kyoto Prefecture to the south, Shiga Prefecture to the southeast and the heavily indented ria coast of Obama Bay (within Wakasa Bay) of Sea of Japan to the north. Parts of the town are within the borders of the Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Park.

### Neighbouring municipalities

* Fukui Prefecture
** Obama
** Takahama
* Shiga Prefecture
** Takashima
* Kyoto Prefecture
** Ayabe
** Nantan

### Climate

Ōi has a Humid climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm, wet summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Ōi is 14.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1949 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.34 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.9 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Ōi has declined over the past 30 years.

## History

Ōi is part of ancient Wakasa Province. During the Edo period, the area was part of the holdings of Obama Domain. Following the Meiji restoration, it was organised into part of Ōi District in Fukui Prefecture. With the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the villages of Saburi, Ōshima, and Hongō were established. These villages merged to form the town of Ōi on January 15, 1955. On March 3, 2006, the village of Natashō, from Onyū District, was merged into Ōi, which is since written with hiragana instead of kanji. Before the merger the town was written 大飯町.

## Economy

The economy of Ōi, previously dependent on commercial fishing, forestry and agriculture is now very heavily dependent on the nuclear power industry. The partial closure of the Ōi Nuclear Power Plant has since the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Disaster has adversely affected the local economy.

## Education

Ōi has four public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.

## Transportation
### Railway

* JR West - Obama Line
** Wakasa-Hongō

### Highway

* Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway
* National Route 27
* National Route 162

## Sister cities

* Tamsui District, Taiwan

## Local attractions

* Obama Domain Battery Sites, a National Historic Site
# Bowlesia incana

Bowlesia incana is a species of flowering plant, known by the common name hoary bowlesia, in thefamily Apiaceae. It is native to South America and the southeastern and southwestern United States as far north as Washington. It can also be found in Pakistan and New Zealand as an introduced species. It grows in many types of habitat. This is a small annual herb growing thin, spreading stems less than 60 centimeters long. The leaves are borne on long petioles and have multilobed rounded or kidney-shaped blades less than 3 centimeters wide. The green herbage of the plant is coated in fine white hairs. The inflorescences of yellow-green flowers appear in the leaf axils. The tiny inflated fruit is only 2 millimeters wide.
# Lorentz Johannsen

Lorentz Johannsen (14 September 1769 – 27 April 1837) was a Norwegian merchant and member of the Norwegian Parliament.
Lorentz Johannsen was born at Glücksburg in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg in Schleswig-Holstein (now in Germany). In 1801, he was married with Magdalena Boletta Knudtzon (1779-1803). In 1804, he married Sarah Marie Knudtzon 1782-1854), sister of his first wife.
Both of his wives were daughters of Hans Carl Knudtzon (1751-1823) who was a successful merchant in Trondheim, Norway. Hans Carl Knudtzon had been born in Bredstedt, in the district of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein. Knudtzon had moved to Trondheim where he founded Hans Knudtzon & Co. a wholesale trading company. Following his marriage, Lorentz Johannsen became a partner with his father-in-law at the trading firm. The company grew to become one of foremost trading firms in Trondheim. The firm operated its own fleet of ships and was engaged in the trade of commodities.
Through his marriages, he was a brother-in-law of both Jørgen von Cappelen Knudtzon and Broder Knudtzon. Johannsen was vice-consul for the United Kingdom and the Netherlands from 1817 to 1829. Johannsen was member of the Norwegian Parliament from Trondheim in 1818, 1821 and 1822. From 1821, Johannsen was a member of the Supervisory Council of Norges Bank. In 1823, he was one of the founders of Trondhjems Savings Bank.
# Koide, Niigata

Koide (小出町, Koide-machi) was a town located in Kitauonuma District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is famous for its snowy ski resort.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 12,735 and a density of 423.93 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 30.04 km$^2$.
On November 1, 2004, Koide, along with the town of Horinouchi, and the villages of Hirokami, Irihirose, Sumon and Yunotani (all from Kitauonuma District), was merged to create the city of Uonuma.

## Climate

Koide has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) that borders on a humid continental climate, with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool and extremely snowy due to its location in a mountainous valley, while summers are hot and humid.
Climate data for Koide, Uonuma (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.4 (59.7) | 22.9 (73.2) | 30.9 (87.6) | 33.1 (91.6) | 36.8 (98.2) | 38.4 (101.1) | 39.0 (102.2) | 38.1 (100.6) | 34.8 (94.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 21.1 (70.0) | 39.0 (102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 4.3 (39.7) | 8.3 (46.9) | 16.2 (61.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 26.4 (79.5) | 29.8 (85.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 13.6 (56.5) | 6.5 (43.7) | 17.6 (63.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) | 0.5 (32.9) | 3.2 (37.8) | 9.2 (48.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 14.9 (58.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 2.8 (37.0) | 12.3 (54.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) | −2.7 (27.1) | −0.8 (30.6) | 3.6 (38.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 20.5 (68.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.2 (63.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | −0.1 (31.8) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.7 (7.3) | −13.9 (7.0) | −11.7 (10.9) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.8 (35.2) | 7.9 (46.2) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.5 (54.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | −0.1 (31.8) | −5.7 (21.7) | −12.4 (9.7) | −13.9 (7.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 369.3 (14.54) | 248.9 (9.80) | 187.0 (7.36) | 123.5 (4.86) | 117.1 (4.61) | 158.6 (6.24) | 269.8 (10.62) | 178.3 (7.02) | 162.3 (6.39) | 182.7 (7.19) | 247.7 (9.75) | 389.9 (15.35) | 2,635.1 (103.74) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 327 (129) | 264 (104) | 126 (50) | 21 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.0) | 164 (65) | 900 (354) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 25.6 | 21.5 | 20.1 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 13.4 | 15.2 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 15.4 | 18.9 | 23.5 | 205.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 3 cm) | 21.6 | 18.6 | 14.1 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 10.8 | 69.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 37.9 | 57.8 | 93.7 | 151.3 | 187.0 | 143.5 | 138.8 | 183.0 | 133.9 | 127.5 | 97.0 | 54.3 | 1,405.6 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency ||||||||||||||

## Transportation
### Railway

JR East - Jōetsu Line
* Koide
JR East - Tadami Line
* Koide

### Highway

* National Route 17
* National Route 252
* National Route 291
* National Route 352

## Natives of Koide

* Ken Watanabe
# NGC 672

NGC 672 is a spiral galaxy in the northern constellation of Triangulum, positioned around 2° to the southwest of the star Alpha Trianguli. The original object designated NGC 672 was discovered by the German-born astronomer William Herschel on 26 October 1786, but this was later cataloged as NGC 614. The object now identified as NGC 672 was discovered by John Herschel on 11 November 1827.
This galaxy is located at a distance of approximately 23.4 megalight-years from the Milky Way, where it forms an interacting pair with the irregular galaxy IC 1727. In the neutral hydrogen radio band, a tidal bridge is observed between the galaxies. NGC 672 appears to be the more massive of the two, and hence IC 1727 shows more distortion from the interaction. Together they form members of a combined group of galaxies that includes NGC 784.
The morphological classification of NGC 672 is SB(s)cd, which indicates this is a barred spiral galaxy (SB), with no ring structure around the central bar (s), and moderately to loosely-wound spiral arms. In the visual spectrum, the galaxy appears symmetrical with clearly defined spiral arms. It is gas-rich with an estimated mass of 38 billion times the mass of the Sun and a star formation rate of 0.3 M$_☉$ yr$^{−1}$.
# Ōamishirasato

Ōamishirasato (大網白里市, Ōamishirasato-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of 49,019 in 21,860 households and a population density of 840 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the city is 58.06 square kilometres (22.42 sq mi).

## Geography

Ōamishirasato is located in central Chiba prefecture, approximately 50 to 60 kilometers from the center of Tokyo. The city area is long and narrow from east to west. In the west is the hilly "Oami district", in the center is the agricultural "Masuho district" and in the east, facing the Pacific Ocean is the "Shirasato district". The city is in the southwestern part of Kujukuri Plain and is part of the Kujūkuri beach region.

### Surrounding municipalities

Chiba Prefecture
* Kujūkuri
* Midori-ku
* Mobara
* Shirako
* Tōgane

### Climate

Ōamishirasato has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Ōamishirasato is 15.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1581 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 5.3 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Ōamishirasato has recently plateaued after a long period of growth.

## History

Ōami Town and Shirasato Village were created during the organization of Sanbu District within Chiba Prefecture with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Shirasato was elevated to town status on August 10, 1935. Ōami Town expanded through the annexation of neighboring villages of Yamane and Mizuho on April 1, 1951. Ōami and Shirasato Towns and Masuho Village were merged to create Ōamishirasato Town on December 1, 1954. The town annexed a portion of Honnō Town in a boundary adjustment of November 1, 1957. Ōamishirasato was elevated to city status on January 1, 2013.

## Government

Ōamishirasato has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Ōamishirasato contributes one member to the Chiba Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Chiba 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Ōamishirasato is a regional commercial center, and a bedroom community for the nearby metropolis of Chiba. Per the fiscal 2010 census, the commuting rate is 18.8% for Chiba and 11.7% for Tokyo.

## Education

Ōamishirasato has seven public elementary schools and three public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education.

## Transportation
### Railway

JR East – Sotobō Line
* Ōami - Nagata
JR East – Tōgane Line
* Ōami

### Highway

* Ken-Ō Expressway – Ōamishirasato Smart Interchange
* National Route 128
* National Route 409

## Sister cities

* Nakanojō, Gunma, since February 1979

## Noted people from Ōamishirasato

* Misaki Doi, professional tennis player
* Aya Miyama, women’s professional soccer player
# Douglas, Surrey

Douglas, formerly known as "Doug," is a locality in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Just southeast and outside of the boundary of White Rock, it is on the Canadian side of the Peace Arch Border Crossing between British Columbia and Whatcom County, Washington, in the United States. Douglas is the location of the Peace Arch Provincial Park portion of the International Peace Arch Park, which it shares with Peace Arch State Park in Blaine, Washington.
The community is named for Benjamin Douglas, an early pioneer and railroad surveyor.$^{:65}$
# Chikura, Chiba

Chikura (千倉町, Chikura-machi) was a town located in Awa District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
As of October 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 12,527 and a density of 342 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 36.64 km$^2$.

## Geography

Chikura was located at southern end of Chiba Prefecture, at the southeast extremity of Bōsō Peninsula, facing the Pacific Ocean. The town had a temperate maritime climate with hot, humid summers and mild, cool winters.
Chikura is the cable landing point for several submarine communications cables. The Chikura cable station is next to Setohama beach and lands:
* APCN 2
* C2C
* CUCN
* FASTER
* Unity

## History

Asai Village was created on April 1, 1889 within Asai District, which became part of Awa District from April 1, 1897. It became a town on June 25, 1900, and was renamed Chikura on October 1, 1920. The town expanded through merger with Nanaura, Takeda, and Chitose villages in 1954.
On March 20, 2006, Chikura, along with the towns of Maruyama, Shirahama, Tomiura, Tomiyama and Wada, and the village of Miyoshi (all from Awa District), was merged to create the city of Minamibōsō.

## Economy

The economy of Chikura was largely based on commercial fishing, horticulture (primarily herbs and flowers), and summer tourism.

## Transportation
### Highway

* Japan National Route 128
* Japan National Route 410

## Railway

* JR East – Uchibō Line
** Chikura - Chitose

## Local events

The area has an annual summer festival, Chikura Matsuri. The only Shinto shrine in town is Takabe-jinja Shrine, which is devoted to the God of Cooking. Twice a year, a special ceremony is held where a fish is cleaned and prepared without being touched by the priests' hands.
The Minamibōsō Two Day Flower Walk is held every first weekend of March. In this framework, there is a close relationship and exchange program with the city of Blankenberge, Belgium, and the link Two Day March of Flanders. In the summer the area is a very popular place as beach resort and surfing.
# Naganohara

Naganohara (長野原町, Naganohara-machi) is a town located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

## Population

As of 31 January 2020, the town had an estimated population of 5,495 in 5630 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km².

## Size

The total area of the town is 133.85 square kilometres (51.68 sq mi). The controversial Yamba Dam project is located within Naganohara.

## Geography

Located in the northwestern portion of Gunma Prefecture, almost all of Naganohara has an elevation higher than 500 meters. The town has Mount Kusatsu-Shirane (2171m) to the north and Mount Asama (2568m) to the south.
* Rivers: Agatsuma River, Shirasuna River, Kuma River

### Surrounding municipalities

Gunma Prefecture
* Higashiagatsuma
* Kusatsu
* Nakanojō
* Takasaki
* Tsumagoi
Nagano Prefecture
* Karuizawa

### Climate

Naganohara has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Naganohara is 7.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1453 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.4 °C, and lowest in January, at around -4.7 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Naganohara has declined over the past 70 years.

## History

The area of present-day Naganohara has human remains from the Japanese Paleolithic through Jōmon periods, although archaeological findings from the Kofun period are scarce compared with surrounding areas. During the Edo period, the area was part of the hatamoto-administered territory within Kōzuke Province.
Naganohara Town was created within Agatsuma District of Gunma Prefecture on April 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system after the Meiji Restoration.

## Government

Naganohara has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 10 members. Naganohara collectively with the other municipalities in Agatsuma District, contributes two members to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Gunma 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The economy of Naganohara is heavily dependent on agriculture.

## Education

Naganohara has four public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government, and one public high schools operated by the Gunma Prefectural Board of Education.

## Transportation
### Railway

JR East – Agatsuma Line
* Kawarayu-Onsen - Naganohara-Kusatsuguchi - Gunma-Ōtsu - Haneo

### Highway

* National Route 144
* National Route 145
* National Route 146
* National Route 292
* National Route 406

## Local attractions

* Agatsuma Gorge, a National Place of Scenic Beauty
* Asama Volcano Museum
* Kawarayu Onsen
* Yamba Tenmei Mudflow Museum
# Kostas Christoforakis

Kostas Christoforakis (Greek: Κώστας Χριστοφοράκης; born 11 April 1975) is a Greek football manager. He is the current manager of Super League 2 club Kerkyra.
# Nogi, Tochigi

Nogi (野木町, Nogi-machi) is a town located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2020, the town had an estimated population of 25,050 in 10,153 households, and a population density of 830 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the town is 30.26 square kilometres (11.68 sq mi).

## Geography

Nogi is located in the flatlands in the far southeast corner of Tochigi Prefecture.

## Surrounding municipalities

Ibaraki Prefecture
* Koga
Tochigi Prefecture
* Oyama
* Tochigi

## Climate

Nogi has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Nogi is 14.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1317 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.4 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.1 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Nogi has recently plateaued after a long period of growth.

## History

During the Edo period, Nogi-shuku was a post station on the Nikkō Kaidō highway connecting Edo with the shrines at Nikkō, located within Koga Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the area of Nogi was initially part of Ibaraki Prefecture, but was transferred to Tochigi Prefecture on November 14, 1871. Nogi village were created within Shimotsuga District on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was elevated to town status on January 1, 1965.

## Government

Nasu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members. Nogi, together with the city of Oyama collectively contributes five members to the Tochigi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tochigi 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The economy of Nogi is heavily dependent on agriculture; however, it is increasing becoming a commuter town due to its proximity to several metropolitan areas and is regarded as belonging to the Greater Kanto metropolitan area. The commuting rate is 18.8% to Koga, 13.1% for Tokyo metropolis, and 12.4% for Oyama per the 2010 national census. There are also several industrial parks in Nogi.

## Education

Nogi has five public primary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school.

## Transportation
### Railway

JR East – Tohoku Main Line (Utsunomiya Line)
* Nogi

### Highway

* National Route 4

## Local attractions

* former Shimotsuke brickworks Hoffman kiln (national Important Cultural Property)
* Nogi Jinja

## Noted people from Nogi

* Wakana Sakai, actress, writer and gravure idol