OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1840 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1840 in Scotland.

## Incumbents
### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Andrew Rutherfurd
* Solicitor General for Scotland – James Ivory; then Thomas Maitland

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Granton
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle

## Events

* 10 January – Uniform Penny Post introduced throughout the United Kingdom, replacing the Uniform Fourpenny Post of 1839. From 6 May, the Penny Black, the world's first postage stamp, becomes valid for prepayment of postage. Advocates of the scheme include Robert Wallace (MP for Greenock) and James Chalmers.
* 14 January – the first known baptisms by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland take place in the River Clyde at Bishopton when Samuel Mulliner, a Scot who joined the church in Canada, baptizes Alexander and Jessie Hay. In May, Orson Pratt preaches from Arthur's Seat in Edinburgh.
* July – last known great auk in the British Isles caught and later killed on the islet of Stac an Armin, St Kilda, Scotland.
* 4 July – the Cunard Line's 700-ton wooden paddle steamer RMS Britannia, launched by Robert Duncan & Company at Greenock on 5 February, departs from Liverpool bound for Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the first steam transatlantic passenger mail service. Scottish marine engineer Robert Napier is a major partner in the venture and has supplied the ship's engine.
* 21 July – first burial at the Southern Necropolis in Glasgow.
* 12 August – the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway is opened throughout between Glasgow Bridge Street railway station and Ayr, the first inter-urban railway in Scotland.
* 15 August – foundation stone of the Scott Monument in Edinburgh is laid.
* 31 August – the Slamannan Railway is opened.
* Approximate date – Forglen House, designed by John Smith, is completed.

## Births

* 1 January – Dugald Drummond, steam locomotive engineer (died 1912 in England)
* 24 January – George Smith, Bishop of Argyll and the Isles (Catholic) (died 1918)
* 5 February
** Charlotte Carmichael, pioneer of higher education for women (died 1929 in England)
** John Boyd Dunlop, inventor (died 1921 in Ireland)
* 3 March – Hugh Smellie, steam locomotive engineer (died 1891)
* 22 April – Thomas Clouston, psychiatrist (died 1915)
* 15 July – William Wilson Hunter, official of the Indian Civil Service (British India) (died 1900 in England)
* 29 November – James Crichton-Browne, psychiatrist (died 1938)
* J. M. Brydon, architect (died 1901 in England)

## Deaths

* 9 March – George Gleig, Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church (born 1753)
* 10 April – Alexander Nasmyth, painter (born 1758)
# Destruction of Kurdish villages during the Iraqi Arabization campaign

Kurdish villages were razed by the Ba'athist Iraqi government during its "Arabization campaign" of areas excluded from Kurdistan under the Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970.

## History

Some 4,000 villages were destroyed from 1975 until the end of the Al-Anfal Campaign in late 1980s.
During the mid-1970s, hundreds of Kurdish villages were destroyed in the northern governorates of Ninawa and Duhok (Shorsh Resool estimate: 369), and around 150 in Diyala (Shorsh Resool estimate: 154).
In 1977–78, in response to the 1975 Algiers Agreement, Iraq began clearing swaths of land along its northern border with Iran. During the first waves of clearances, residents were given five days to leave their homes and as many as 500 villages were then destroyed, mostly in the As Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
In the spring of 1987, Ali Hassan al-Majid instructed that "no house was to be left standing" in the Kurdish villages of the Erbil plain. Only Arab villages would be spared. On October 17, 1987 a population census was conducted, in which respondents could only choose "Arab" or "Kurdish" as their nationality; anyone who refused to identify as "Arab" (including minorities such as Assyrians, Turkmens and Yazidis) was labeled "Kurdish" regardless of ethnicity, and when the Al-Anfal Campaign was officially launched several months later, all non-Arabs were targeted. The total of Kurdish villages that were destroyed during the 1987–1989 Al-Anfal Campaign is estimated to be 2,000.

### Major population damaging events

* 1970s Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in North Iraq
* 1980s Feyli Kurdish genocide
* 1986-1989 Anfal genocide
** Halabja chemical attack
* 1991 Kurdish refugee crisis

## Resettlement

In late 1991, the international community launched a large-scale project to reconstruct housing in 1,500 of the 4,000 destroyed villages of northern Iraq.
# Merlion Park

Merlion Park is a famous Singapore landmark and a major tourist attraction, located at One Fullerton, Singapore, near the Central Business District (CBD). The Merlion is a mythical creature with a lion's head and the body of a fish that is widely used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore. Two Merlion statues are located at the park. The original Merlion structure measures 8.6 meters tall and spouts water from its mouth. It has subsequently been joined by a Merlion cub, which is located near the original statue and measures just 2 metres tall.

## History

The original Merlion Park was first designed by the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) near the mouth of the Singapore River in 1964 as an emblem of Singapore. On 15 September 1972, the park was officially opened at an installation ceremony for the statue, officiated at by then Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr Lee Kuan Yew. The original statue of the Merlion used to stand at the mouth of the Singapore River. The building of the Merlion was started in November 1971 and was completed in August 1972. It was crafted by the late Singaporean sculptor, Mr Lim Nang Seng and his 8 children. The sculpture measures 8.6 meters high and weighs 70 tons. This massive statue with the spouting stream was constructed by Stanley Mok

### Relocation of Merlion

Upon the completion of the Esplanade Bridge in 1997, the original Merlion Park location was also no longer the entrance of Singapore River and the statue could no longer be viewed clearly from the Marina Bay Waterfront. On 23 April 2002, the statue was relocated to a new pier specially built on the other side of The Esplanade Bridge adjacent to The Fullerton Hotel. The move, which cost $7.5 million, was completed on 25 April 2002. On 15 September 2002, then-Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew ceremonially welcomed the Merlion again on its new location, the current Merlion Park, which is four times bigger than the original site.

#### Merlion statue damage

On 28 February 2009, between 4 pm and 5 pm, the Merlion statue was struck by lightning. Staff in the vicinity said they heard an explosion followed by a loud thud when broken pieces fell to the ground. Repairs were completed in March that year, the Merlion itself resumed spouting water on 18 March 2009.

### Restoration Works

During restoration, the Merlion statue would be closed off throughout the whole restoration process. The sculpture would be cleaned thoroughly, and new plaster or paint would be put on the Merlion to keep the Merlion looking bright and clean. Occasionally fillers are used for the cracks and hollow areas of the Sculpture.
# Edgar May

Edgar May (June 27, 1929 – December 27, 2012) was an American journalist and politician. He served in the Vermont House of Representatives 1973–1983 and the Vermont Senate 1983–1991 and he was the elder brother of three-term Vermont Governor Madeleine May Kunin.

## Life and career

May was born in Zürich, Switzerland, and moved to the United States in 1940. He was raised in New Jersey, graduating from high school in Princeton, and then worked as a clerk at The New York Times while studying at Columbia University.
During the Korean War, May served in the United States Army, assigned as a speechwriter for commanders and staff based at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. He graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in journalism in 1957.
May worked as a reporter for the Bellows Falls Times, Fitchburg Sentinel, and Buffalo Evening News. While at the Buffalo Evening News in 1960, he investigated the New York State welfare system, and won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, No Edition Time (a predecessor of the Investigative Reporting Prize), citing "his series of articles on New York State's public welfare services entitled, "Our Costly Dilemma", based in part on his three-month employment as a State case worker. The series brought about reforms that attracted nationwide attention." The series led to a book, The Wasted Americans: cost of our welfare dilemma, published by Harper & Row in 1964.
He worked in the Johnson administration, including assisting Sargent Shriver in operating the Peace Corps and as Deputy Director of the Domestic Peace Corps, which later became Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA).
May was a consultant for the Ford Foundation from 1970 to 1975, and wrote for Corrections Magazine.
A Democrat, he served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1975 to 1983. He was a member of the Vermont Senate from 1983 to 1991, and was chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee.
From 1993 to 1996 May was Chief Operating Officer of the Special Olympics.
In retirement May was active in several civic and municipal projects in his hometown, Springfield, Vermont.

## Death

May died on December 27, 2012, in Tucson, Arizona, aged 83, from complications of a stroke he had suffered three weeks earlier.
# Amori Station

Amori Station (安茂里駅, Amori-eki) is a railway station in the city of Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

Amori Station is served by the Shin'etsu Main Line and is 6.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shinonoi Station. Shinanoi Line and Shinano Railway trains also stop at this station after continuing past the nominal terminus of these lines at Shinanoi en route to Matsumoto.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed elevated side platforms serving two tracks, with the station building underneath. The tracks are connected by a footbridge.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Shin'etsu Main Line | for Nagano |
| 2 | ■ Shin'etsu Main Line | for Shinonoi, Matsumoto and Shiojiri |
| | ■ Shinonoi Line | for Shinonoi, Matsumoto and Shiojiri |
| | ■ Shinano Railway Line | for Togura, Ueda and Komoro |

## History

Amori Station opened on 14 March 1985. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 1,059 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* National Route 19
# 2024 Republican National Committee leadership elections

The 2024 Republican National Committee (RNC) special leadership elections were held on March 8, 2024, in Houston, Texas, to determine the next Chair, Co-Chair, and Chief Operating Officer of the Republican National Committee.
Michael Whatley, the Chair of the North Carolina Republican Party, was elected by acclamation as Chairman. Lara Trump, the daughter-in-law of former President and Republican frontrunner Donald Trump, was elected by acclamation as Co-Chair. Both candidates were endorsed by Trump, who during the meeting was formally recognized as the party's presumptive nominee for the 2024 presidential election.

## Background

On February 26, 2024, incumbent chairwoman Ronna McDaniel and co-chairman Drew McKissick announced that they would resign from their respective positions at the RNC's spring training on March 8.

## Results
### Chair
#### Nominated

* Michael Whatley, Chair of the North Carolina Republican Party (2019–2024)

##### Endorsements
###### U.S. presidents

* Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States (2017–2021)
| Candidate | Round 1 |
| Michael Whatley | Acclamation |

### Co-Chair
#### Nominated

* Lara Trump, former television producer and daughter-in-law of former President Donald Trump (2017–2021)

##### Endorsements
###### U.S. presidents

* Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States (2017–2021) (candidate's father-in-law)
| Candidate | Round 1 |
| Lara Trump | Acclamation |

### Chief Operating Officer
#### Declared

* Chris LaCivita, political consultant and senior advisor to Donald Trump's 2024 presidential campaign

##### Endorsements
###### U.S. presidents

* Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States (2017–2021)
# Pradip Purohit

Pradeep Purohit is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, from Bargarh in the 2024 National Election. Pradeep Purohit, the BJP candidate, has led his party to a triumphant win, securing a total of 251,667 votes which is the highest in Odisha in terms of vote margin.
He was also elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Padampur in the 2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
In his early career, he started his social life with the "BALCO Hatao Gandhamardan Bachao" movement. He was the founder and coordinator of this andolan. Later, thousands of people from every village in the Padampur sub-division joined him, and he became a public figure.
# Franklin Historic District (Franklin, Pennsylvania)

Franklin Historic District is a national historic district located at Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 380 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Franklin. It includes commercial, residential, industrial, and institutional buildings. They are in a variety of popular architectural styles including Queen Anne, Greek Revival, and Federal. Notable non-residential buildings include the Venango County Courthouse (1867, 1931–32), County Jail, and First United Methodist Church.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Cycling at the 2013 Games of the Small States of Europe

Cycling at the 2013 Games of the Small States of Europe was held from 28–31 May 2013 in Cessange, Luxembourg.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Luxembourg)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Luxembourg* | 5 | 3 | 3 | 11 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Cyprus | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | San Marino | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |

### Men

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Road race | Joël Zangerle (LUX) | 3:07:41.852 | Hans Burkhard (LIE) | 3:14:51.087 | Tom Thill (LUX) | 3:14:52.632 |
| Time trial | Stefan Küng (LIE) | 26:41.31 | Alex Kirsch (LUX) | 27:43.74 | Christian Helmig (LUX) | 28:08.93 |
| Mountain bike | Christian Helmig (LUX) | 1:15:36 | Marios Athanasiadis (CYP) | 1:16:37 | Christos Loizou (CYP) | 1:19:10 |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Road race | Christine Majerus (LUX) | 2:21:22.229 | Nathalie Lamborelle (LUX) | 2:21:53.554 | Chantal Hoffmann (LUX) | 2:21:54.150 |
| Time trial | Christine Majerus (LUX) | 15:02 | Daniela Veronesi (SMR) | 15:26 | Antri Christoforou (CYP) | 15:28 |
| Mountain bike | Christine Majerus (LUX) | 1:12:33 | Isabelle Klein (LUX) | 1:13:20 | Daniela Veronesi (SMR) | 1:14:50 |
# Andriy Poroshyn

Andriy Mykhailovych Poroshyn (Ukrainian: Андрій Михайлович Порошин; born 30 September 1978) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer. In April 2010, he joined FC Daugava from the Virsliga but left it in August the same year.
# Dexter Russell Wright

Dexter Russell Wright (June 27, 1821 – July 23, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician.
Wright was born in Windsor, Vermont, on June 27, 1821, the son of Alpheus and Anna E. (Loveland) Wright. During his boyhood, the family removed to the northern part of New York State, and in 1843 he entered the Junior Class of Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn., from Heuvelton, St. Lawrence County.
He graduated in 1845, and then taught for a year in Meriden, Connecticut, after which he attended for two years the courses in the Yale Law School. After earning a law degree in 1848, he opened an office in Meriden, and the next year began his political career by his election to the Connecticut State Senate. After serving one term, he sailed for California, where he spent two years practicing law and in land speculation. He then returned to Meriden, and followed his profession until 1862, when he enlisted in the Union Army. He was a colonel of the 15th Regiment State Volunteers from July 1862 until February 1863 when his health failed and he was honorably discharged.
In 1863 he was a member of the Lower House in the Connecticut Legislature, and from 1863 to 1865 he served as a commissioner on the Board of Enrollment for the 2nd Congressional District. In 1864 he resumed the practice of law, establishing his office in New Haven. He was Assistant U. S. District Attorney from 1865 to 1869, and subsequently held a variety of positions in connection with city government. He was sent as a Representative to the General Assembly in 1879, and was chosen Speaker of the House.
In the spring of 1886 he fell on the steps of his residence, causing a shock to his entire system, from which he only partially recovered. On June 19 he was stricken with paralysis, which resulted in his death in New Haven on July 23, 1886, at the age of 65.
He married Maria on February 3, 1848, who survived him, with two daughters and two sons; the younger son graduated Yale in 1882.
This article incorporates public domain material from the 1887 Yale Obituary Record.
# George Toulmin

Sir George Toulmin (17 March 1857 – 21 January 1923) was an English journalist, newspaper proprietor and Liberal Party politician.

## Family and education

George Toulmin was born in Bolton, Lancashire, the son of Councillor George Toulmin JP of Preston. He was educated at the Grammar School in Preston. In 1882 he married Mary Elizabeth Edelston from Preston, the daughter of a local Alderman; they had two sons and two daughters. In religion Toulmin was a Wesleyan.

## Career

Toulmin began as a journalist but eventually rose to the top of his profession. From 1860 he took over the ownership of the Preston Guardian newspaper. In 1886, he founded the Lancashire Daily Post, becoming its managing director. With the help of his brother he had also established the Blackburn Times and the Warrington Examiner. He was Chairman of the Press Association from 1919 to 1920, was sometime Hon. Treasurer of the Newspaper Society as well as a Fellow of the Institute of Journalists.

## Politics

Toulmin first stood for Parliament at the 1900 general election when he represented the Liberal Party at Bury standing under the description of Radical. Two years later he got the chance to contest the seat again when the sitting Conservative MP, James Kenyon resigned causing a by-election in Bury. Toulmin was re-adopted by Bury Liberal Association and he gained the seat at the by-election which was held on 10 May 1902, turning a Tory majority of 849 into a Liberal one of 414.
Toulmin held his seat at the general elections of 1906, January 1910 and December 1910. However, in 1918, despite supporting the coalition government of David Lloyd George and being awarded the Coalition coupon, he lost Bury to the Conservatives in a three-cornered contest. He did not stand for the House of Commons again.

## Interests, honours and other appointments

Like many Liberals of the day, Toulmin was pre-occupied with social questions and the need for social reform and improvement. In February 1908, he introduced a Bill into the House of Commons designed to establish wages boards to fix minimum wages in certain trades. Among the Parliamentary bodies Toulmin sat on were the National Health Insurance Joint Committee, set up under the National Insurance Act 1911 and the Select Committee on London Motor Traffic to look into the increasing number of fatal traffic accidents due to motor omnibus and other power-driven vehicles, of which he was Chairman. His committee recommended setting up a new traffic authority, increased powers to control traffic by County Councils, special speed limits and greater education and awareness for schoolchildren of traffic dangers.
Toulmin was knighted in 1911. He was also a Justice of the Peace for the County Borough of Preston (1897) and for Lancashire (1906).

## Death

Toulmin died on 21 January 1923, aged 65 years.
# Bryotropha senectella

Bryotropha senectella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found throughout Europe.
The wingspan is 9–13 mm. The terminal joint of palpi is longer than second. The forewings are light ochreous, mixed with fuscous, or wholly fuscous with a dark fuscous spot in disc near base; stigmata dark fuscous, first discal beyond plical; an indistinct angulated pale fascia at 3/4, preceded by a dark costal spot. Hindwings light grey.
Adults have been recorded on wing from June to early September.The larvae feed on mosses.
# Aleksandra Prijović discography

Serbian singer Aleksandra Prijović has released three studio albums, 18 singles (including one as a featured artist), two promotional singles and 35 music videos.

## Other appearances

List of non-single guest appearances, with other performing artists, showing year released and album name :
| Title | Year | Other artist(s) | Album |
| "Majko" | 2009 | none | Non-album songs |
| "Boli svaka tvoja reč" | 2009 | none | Non-album songs |
| "Još večeras plakaću za tobom" | 2013 | none | Zvezde Granda 2013 |
| "Ma pusti ponos" | 2013 | Amar Jašarspahić | Čovjek tvoga sna |
| "Luda za tobom" (Live) | 2023 | Ismeralda Elenkova | Nikad nije kasno Vol. 3 (Live) |

## Music videos

List of music videos, showing year released and directors :
| Title | Year | Director(s) |
| "Za nas kasno je" | 2015 | Goran Šljivić |
| "Šta bi" (MC Stojan featuring Aleksandra Prijović) | 2015 | Andrej Ilić |
| "Totalna anestezija" | 2016 | Andrej Ilić |
| "Senke" | 2016 | Andrej Ilić |
| "Litar vina, litar krvi" (with Aco Pejović featuring Dejan Petrović) | 2017 | Andrej Ilić |
| "Testament" | 2017 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Sledeća" | 2017 | Fanatic Media |
| "Telo" | 2017 | Andrej Ilić |
| "Klizav pod" | 2017 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Separe" | 2017 | Petar Pašić |
| "Mesto zločina" | 2017 | Bojan Kosović |
| "Voljena greško" | 2017 | Andrej Ilić |
| "Ko si ti" (with Saša Matić) | 2018 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Neponovljivo" | 2019 | Petar Pašić |
| "Bogata sirotinja" (Stage Performance) | 2019 | Fanatic Media Grand Production |
| "Duguješ mi dva života" | 2020 | Film danas d.o.o. |
| "Legitimno" | 2020 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Dođi sebi" (with Lexington) | 2021 | Petar Pašić |
| "Zvuk tišine" | 2022 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Svetlo" | 2022 | Nemanja Novaković |
| "Sabotiram" | 2022 | Nemanja Novaković |
| "Javno mesto" | 2022 | Nemanja Novaković |
| "Ogavno" | 2022 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Ja sam odlično" | 2022 | Petar Pašić |
| "Marš" | 2022 | Nemanja Novaković |
| "Kuća strave" | 2023 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Devet života" | 2023 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Placebo" | 2023 | Nemanja Novaković |
| "Psiho" | 2023 | Andrija Grkić |
| "Prvi si počeo" | 2023 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Ludnica" (with Dejan Kostić) | 2023 | Aleksandar Kerekeš |
| "Zver" | 2023 | Petar Pašić |
| "Dam dam dam" | 2023 | Andrija Grkić |
| "Sve po starom" | 2023 | Nemanja Novaković |
| "Poslednji kabare" | 2024 | Petar Pašić |