# COVID-19 Protection Framework

The COVID-19 Protection Framework (known colloquially as the traffic light system) was a system used by the New Zealand Government during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. The three-tier traffic light system used vaccination and community transmission rates to determine the level of restrictions needed. It came into effect at 11:59 pm on 2 December 2021, replacing the four-tier alert level system, which used lockdowns. On 12 September 2022, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the traffic light system would be dropped at 11:59 pm that night.

## Traffic light system

The traffic light system used three colour-coded levels based on a traffic light: Red when the health care system is at risk of being overloaded, Orange when there is pressure on the health care system, and Green when hospitalisation levels are manageable. The Green level was never used.

### Green light

   COVID-19 is present across New Zealand, but with limited community transmission, sporadic imported cases, manageable hospitalisation levels. The health system will be ready to respond, including primary care, public health, and hospitals.
* Mandatory record keeping and scanning
* Face coverings will be compulsory on flights and encouraged indoors.
* Public facilities, retailers, workplaces, education providers, and specified community events are allowed to operate.
* No regional boundary restrictions.
* No limits for hospitality operators, social and religious gatherings, weddings, civil unions, funerals, tangihanga, events (both indoors and outdoors), close contact businesses (such as hairdressers) and gyms with vaccine certificate requirements.
* Businesses and events lacking vaccine certificate requirements will be subject to a 100-person limit, based on one-metre distancing.

### Orange light

   Increasing community transmission with increasing pressure on health system. The whole of health system will focus its resources, but can continue to manage primary care, public health, and hospitals. Increasing risk to at-risk populations.
* Mandatory record keeping and scanning.
* Mandatory face masks on flights, public transportation, retailers, public venues, encouraged elsewhere.
* Public facilities and retailers will be allowed to open with capacity limits based on one-metre distancing.
* Education facilities will be allowed to open with public health measures in place.
* Workplaces and specified outdoor community events allowed.
* No regional boundary restrictions.
* No limits for hospitality operators, social and religious gatherings, weddings, civil unions, funerals, tangihanga, events (both indoors and outdoors), close contact businesses (such as hairdressers) and gyms with vaccine certificate requirements.
* Businesses and events without vaccine certificate requirements will be subject to a 50-person limit, based on one-metre distancing.

### Red light

   Action needed to protect both at-risk people and health system from unsustainable number of hospitalisations.
* Mandatory record keeping and scanning.
* Mandatory face masks on flights, public transportation, retailers, public venues, and recommended when leaving the house.
* Public facilities subject to 100-person limit, based on one-metre social distancing.
* Retailers subject to capacity limit, based on one-metre social distancing.
* Working from home encouraged.
* Education providers open with public health restrictions.
* Specified outdoor community events allowed subject to capacity limits.
* Regional boundary restrictions may apply.
For places with vaccine certificate requirements:
* Hospitality operators, social and religious gatherings, weddings, civil unions, funerals, tangihanga, events (both indoors and outdoors), and gyms will be allowed to open subject to a 100-person limit, based on one-metre physical distancing.
* Close contact businesses will be allowed to reopen subject to public health requirements.
* Tertiary education providers subject to onsite vaccine delivery with capacity based on one-metre distancing.
For places without vaccine certificate requirements:
* Hospitality providers without vaccine certificates can only provide contactless services.
* Social and religious gatherings, weddings, civil unions, funerals and tangihanga without vaccine certificates subject to a 25-person limit.
* Tertiary education providers can only provide distance learning.
* Indoor and outdoor events, gyms, and close contact businesses (such as hairdressers) closed.

## My Vaccine Pass

The My Vaccine Pass was announced in October 2021. They are used as a proof of vaccination status, and a condition of entry for restaurants, bars, and other places.
After 3 December 2021, while in Red, non-essential businesses are required to use vaccine passes for a condition of entry, and must verify a reasonable amount of them. It is common for some businesses to not verify passes at all.

## History
### Alert level system

The previously used alert level system was introduced on 21 March 2020 by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern. It used four tiers or levels, with levels 3 and 4 being forms of lockdown. In level 1 there are no restrictions; in level 2 there are limits on gatherings; in level 3 only purposeful travel is allowed alongside strict limits on gatherings; and in level 4 only essential travel is allowed and gatherings are banned. The aim of the system was to eliminate COVID-19 entirely from the community, and the purpose of vaccinations was to help stop COVID-19 and not to slow it down.

### Announcement

On 15 October 2021, Ardern announced that the alert level system would soon be dropped in favour of a "traffic light" system, officially called the COVID-19 Protection Framework. She initially stated that the system would be adopted nationwide once all DHBs reach the milestone of 90% of the eligible population being fully vaccinated and will occur in the Auckland Region once its three DHBs achieve 90%.
On 8 November, Ardern stated that cabinet expects to move Auckland into the traffic light system from 29 November 2021.
On 22 November, Ardern stated that the 90% target would not have to be met for New Zealand to move to the traffic light system, confirming that New Zealand would enter the new system on 3 December, replacing the previous alert level system. Auckland and areas with low vaccination start on the Red setting while the rest of the country starts on the Orange setting.
The Government's abandonment of the COVID-19 elimination strategy was criticised by immunologist and health adviser Siouxsie Wiles, who argued that this policy shift would put the unvaccinated and vulnerable at risk. Similar sentiments were echoed by physicist and health adviser Shaun Hendy and Māori Party co-leader Rawiri Waititi, who suggested that the Government should not rule out Alert Level 4 "circuit breakers" to combat outbreaks and the lower Māori vaccination rate.

### Implementation

The COVID-19 Response (Vaccinations) Legislation Act 2021 provided the legal framework for the COVID-19 Protection Framework, including vaccination and the My Vaccine Pass vaccine certificates. The law was passed on 23 November 2021, despite opposition from the Human Rights Commission, National, Act, and Māori parties, which objected to the rapid passage of the legislation and expressed concerns about its implications for human rights and Māori wellbeing and safety.
Border restrictions in Auckland remained in place until 15 December 2021. Under the traffic light system, fully vaccinated people were allowed to travel across the Auckland border freely. Unvaccinated people would only be able to leave Auckland if they receive a negative COVID-19 test 72 hours prior to departure. However, there would be no similar restrictions on unvaccinated people entering Auckland. On 8 December, The New Zealand Herald reported that the Ministry of Health had proposed that the Auckland border should be lifted in tandem with the country's transition into the traffic light system on 3 December. However, Prime Minister Ardern and COVID-19 Response Minister Hipkins had opted to retain the Auckland border until 15 December to minimise community transmissions and boost regional vaccination rates. In response, National Party leader Christopher Luxon called for the lifting of Auckland's boundary restrictions.
On 13 December, Ardern announced that Auckland and all other "red" regions excluding Northland would move to COVID-19 framework setting orange at 11.59pm on 30 December. Regions moving into "orange" include Taupō, Rotorua, Kawerau, Whakatāne, Ōpōtiki, Gisborne, Wairoa, Rangitikei, Whanganui and Ruapehu. This announcement came following a Cabinet meeting about whether any regions would move to a different setting under the "traffic light system." Mayor of Auckland Phil Goff and Auckland business leaders criticised the Government for not moving Auckland to "orange" earlier. University of Auckland epidemiologist Rod Jackson and the National Māori Pandemic Group co-leader Sue Crengle expressed concerns about lowering Auckland and other region's COVID-19 framework setting below red, while University of Otago epidemiologist Michael Baker argued that Auckland could move to setting orange, citing Auckland and the country's downward trend in case numbers over the past seven days.
In response to the traffic light system's vaccine pass requirements, several local councils including the Dunedin City Council, Timaru District Council, Auckland Council, and Wellington City Council introduced policies in early December 2021 requiring people to show vaccine passes in order to access council facilities including pools, libraries, venues, and offices. Other local councils including the Invercargill City Council, the Southland District Council, Gore District Council, and the Waitaki District Councils have stated they would allow people to access their facilities without requiring vaccine passes.
On 7 December 2021, the Invercargill City Council voted to introduce vaccine pass requirements for certain council facilities including libraries, swimming pools, He Waka Tuia Museum, and city council chambers.
On 21 December 2021, Hipkins announced that the Cabinet had decided that the "traffic light system" would be used to manage outbreaks. In the event of Omicron community outbreaks, affected areas would move into the red traffic light setting.
On 17 January 2022, Prime Minister Ardern announced that New Zealand would move to a red traffic light setting if Omicron was spreading in the community.
On 20 January 2022, Ardern announced that Northland would move to the orange traffic light setting at 11:59 pm that night due to a surge of vaccination rates in the region.
On 23 January 2022, the Government moved New Zealand into the red traffic light setting in response to recent community transmissions of the Omicron variant in the Nelson–Marlborough Region.

### Revisions

On 23 March 2022, Ardern announced that the New Zealand Government would ease several of the COVID-19 Protection Framework's "red setting" restrictions including:
* Lifting all outdoor gathering restrictions from 11:59pm on 25 March.
* Raising the indoor gathering limit from 100 to 200 from 11:59pm on 25 March. However, facemasks would be required in most indoor settings.
* Eliminating My Vaccine Pass requirements from 11:59pm on 4 April.
* Ending vaccine mandates for education, Police, and Defence Force staff as well as businesses using vaccine passes from 11:59pm on 4 April.
* Ending the NZ COVID Tracer app QR code scanning requirement.
Under the revised "orange" settings of the Framework, facemasks would be required in many indoor settings and there would be no outdoor and indoor capacity limits. Under the revised "green" settings of the Framework, facemasks would be encouraged for indoor settings with no limits on outdoor and indoor capacity limits. Under all three "traffic light" settings, COVID-19 positive individuals and close household contacts would be required to isolate for seven days.
In response to the Government's announcement on 23 March 2022 that it would ease the "red setting" restrictions, the opposition National Party COVID-19 spokesperson Chris Bishop welcomed the elimination of the vaccine pass system while calling for the abolition of the "traffic light" system. By contrast, the Green Party's spokesperson Teanau Tuiono claimed that the easing of vaccine mandate requirements would have an impact on vulnerable segments including children under the age of five years old, Māori, Pasifika, immunocompromised people, and disabled people.
On 13 April, Hipkins announced that New Zealand would shift from the red to orange setting at 11:59 pm that night. As a result, indoor and outdoor capacity limits for public gatherings were eliminated. While facemasks will still be required at certain gatherings, events, and "close proximity" businesses, they will no longer be compulsory for schools.

### Abolition

On 3 September 2022, the Otago Daily Times reported that the Government was considering removing most facemask requirements except high risk health settings as part of a review of New Zealand's "traffic light" settings. The newspaper also reported that the Government had failed to adequately consult disability support organisations, who only received a request for feedback on the proposal from the Ministry for Disabled People on 1 September. Disabled Persons Assembly NZ chief executive Prudence Walker and CCS Disability Action chief executive Melissa Smith expressed concern that they had only been given 24 hours to respond to the Government's proposal. By contrast, Retail NZ chief executive Greg Harford called for the Government to drop facemask requirements, citing a Retail NZ survey which found that two thirds of customers were ignoring the masking requirement.
On 6 September 2022, epidemiologist Michael Baker advocated abandoning the "traffic light system" in favour of a "more straightforward system." Baker's remarks accompanied reports that the Government was considering abandoning the "traffic light system" when it reviewed New Zealand's COVID-19 settings that month.
On 8 September 2022, The New Zealand Herald reported that the Government would make a decision on 12 September about a proposal to scrap the entire "traffic light system" rather than tweak the settings or move to "Green." If the proposal goes ahead, the "traffic light system" and other COVID-19 protection orders including mask mandates could be scrapped on 14 September when the Epidemic Preparedness (Covid-19) Notice 2020, the main legal instrument under which the Covid-19 orders are issued, is due to expire if Cabinet decides not to renew it.
On 12 September, Ardern announced that the traffic light system would be dropped at 11:59 pm that night. As a result, most COVID-19 rules and restrictions would be eliminated:
* Only people who test positive for COVID-19 will be required to isolate for seven days. Household contacts do not have to isolate unless they test positive but are encouraged to take a COVID-19 rapid antigen test every five days.
* Face mask requirements will be eliminated in most public spaces and public transportation except certain healthcare facilities like hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and aged care facilities. Workplaces and marae are free to set mask requirements.
* Vaccine and testing requirements for all travellers entering New Zealand will end at 11:59 pm on 12 September. Overseas visitors will still receive free RAT tests.
* The Government's vaccine mandate for health and disability workers ends at 11:59 pm on 26 September. Some employers may require employees to be vaccinated due to health and safety legislative requirements.
* Anti-viral medicines will be made freely available to all New Zealanders aged 65 years and above who test positive for COVID-19. For Māori and Pasifika, the minimum age requirement will be 50 years and over.
On 12 September, national carrier Air New Zealand announced that it would be dropping its facemask requirement from 11:59pm in response to the Government's decision to end the "traffic light system." While Disabled Persons Assembly CEO Walker expressed concerns that the scrapping of mask mandates would discouraged disabled and vulnerable people from going out due to the fear of catching COVID-19, Business South chief executive Mike Collins opined that the ending of COVID-19 regulations showed that the virus could be managed in the community and that it would benefit the retail and tourism sectors.
Immunologist Wiles described the Government's decision to drop the "traffic light system" as a "big, long term expensive, mistake." She argued that New Zealand needed to retain the COVID-19 Protection Framework to protect the country from newer COVID-19 strains that were immune to existing vaccines and treatments, new infection waves, and the problem of "Long COVID" among vulnerable patients. Wiles also argued that facemasks and RAT tests were useful tools for curbing the spread of COVID-19.

## Timeline

| Date (11:59 pm) | COVID-19 Protection Framework (traffic lights) | COVID-19 Protection Framework (traffic lights) | COVID-19 Protection Framework (traffic lights) |
| Date (11:59 pm) | Red | Orange | Green |
| 2 December 2021 | Northland, Auckland, Taupō and Rotorua Lakes Districts, Kawerau, Whakatane, Ōpōtiki Districts, Gisborne District, Wairoa District, Rangitikei, Whanganui and Ruapehu Districts | Rest of North Island, South Island | None |
| 30 December 2021 | Northland | Rest of North Island, South Island | None |
| 20 January 2022 | None | New Zealand | None |
| 23 January 2022 | New Zealand | None | None |
| 13 April 2022 | None | New Zealand | None |
| 13 September 2022 | None | None | None |