# State Rail Authority

The State Rail Authority, a former statutory authority of the Government of New South Wales, operated and maintained railways in the Australian state of New South Wales from July 1980 until December 2003.

## History

The Transport Authorities Act 1980 separated the functions of the Public Transport Commission (formerly responsible for all public transport) and established the State Rail Authority. The State Rail Authority assumed responsibility for trains, while the Urban Transit Authority responsibility for buses and ferries.
In July 1982 a new colour scheme developed by Phil Belbin of red, yellow, orange and white was unveiled, which was commonly referred to as the "candy colours". The L7 logo used by the Public Transport Commission was retained, albeit with the dark and light blue replaced with red and orange. Around this time, they also gave playing cards and soap to passengers.

### Electrification

During its tenure the State Rail Authority completed a number of electrification projects:
* Gosford – Wyong April 1982
* Wyong – Newcastle June 1984
* Waterfall – Port Kembla February 1986
* Riverstone – Richmond August 1991
* Coniston – Dapto January 1993

### Rolling Stock

The State Rail Authority introduced new 80 Class, 81 Class and 86 Class locomotives used on both freight and country passenger services, K set, C set, Tangara, Millennium and V set double deck electric passenger trains and the XPT. It also placed an order for the 82 Class and 90 Class locomotives that were delivered to FreightRail in 1994. A fleet of Denning and Scania coaches was purchased to replace withdrawn country rail services.
Inherited Locomotives and Multiple Units :
| Name | Image | Build Year | Withdrawn |
| 42 Class | 4201, 16/09/2017 | 1955/1956 | 1983 |
| 421 Class | 42103 and GM22 | 1965/1966 | 1986 |
| 422 Class | | 1969/1970 | n/a |
| 44 Class | Several 44 Class locomotives | 1957/1967 | 1997 |
| 442 Class | 44231 | 1970/1973 | 1994 |
| 45 Class | | 1962/1964 | 1994 |
| 47 Class | 4705 | 1972/1973 | 1989 |
| 48 Class | A pair of 48 Class Locomotives | 1959/1970 | n/a |
| 49 Class | 4916 | 1960/1964 | 1995, later 1997 |
| 70 Class | | 1960/1961 | 1986 |
| 73 Class | 7318 | 1970/1973 | 1987/1990 |
| 80 Class | | 1979/1983 | 2003 |
| X100 Class | X101 | 1962 | 1992 |
| 46 Class | | 1956/1968 | 1996 |
| 85 Class | | 1979/1980 | 1998 |
| CPH | | 1923 | 1985 |
| BPH | | 1934 | 1983 |
| Silver City Comet | DP 104 | 1937 | 1989 |
| FP | FP8 | 1967 | 1986 |
| 400/500 Class | | 1938 | 1983 |
| 600/700 Class | | 1949/1950 | 1994 |
| 620/720 Class | | 1961 | 2007 |
| 660/760 Class | | 1973 | 1994 |
| DEB Set | HPF 954 | 1951/1960 | 1994 |
| 1110 Class | | 1961 | 1993 |
| 1200 Class | | 1970 | 1993 |
| Standard Suburban Stock | F1 | 1925/1926 | 1992 |
| Tulloch Single Deck Stock | | 1950 | 1992 |
| Sputnik Stock | | 1957 | 1993 |
| U Set "U Boat" | CF 5003 | 1958 | 1996 |
| Tulloch Double Deck Stock | C3804 | 1964 | 1980/2004 |
| V Sets | V25 | 1970 | n/a, proposed 2023 |
| S Sets | | 1972 | 2019 |
Inherited Coach Stock :
| Name | Image | Build Year | Withdrawn |
| S Type | | 1935 | 1989 |
| N Type | | 1939 | late 1980s |
| HUB Type | FH 2230 | 1948 | 1994, later 2000 |
| RUB Type | | 1949 | 1994, later 2000 |
| Stainless Type | | 1961 | 1993 |
Pre-Booz Locomotives, Multiple Units and Coaches :
| Name | Image | Build Year | Withdrawn |
| 81 Class | | 1982/1986 | n/a |
| XPT | | 1982 | n/a, proposed 2023 |
| K Set | R16 (original classification) | 1981 | n/a, proposed 2024 |
| C Set | | 1986 | 2021 |
| T Set "Tangara" | T90 | 1988 | n/a |
| 86 Class | | 1983/1985 | 2002 |
Post-Booz Locomotives and Multiple Units :
| Name | Image | Build Year | Withdrawn |
| 82 Class | 8223 | 1994/1995 | n/a |
| 90 Class | | 1994 | n/a |
| PL Class | | 1999/2001 | n/a |
| Xplorer | P2 | 1993 | n/a, proposed 2023 |
| Endeavour | N3 | 1992 | n/a, proposed 2023 |
| G Set | G6 | 1994 | converted to T sets in 2010 |
| M Set | M32 | 2002/2005 | n/a |

### Booz Allen Hamilton review and restructure

Following the election of the Greiner State Government in March 1988, consultants Booz Allen Hamilton were commissioned to prepare a report into NSW rail services. In November 1988, before the report was complete, the North Coast Overnight Express to Grafton, the Northern Mail to Moree and Tenterfield, the Bathurst day train, the Western Mail to Dubbo and the Canberra Monaro Express to Cooma all ceased.
After receiving the Booz Allen Hamilton report, the government released its response in July 1989 under the title CountryLink 2000. It was announced the number of staff employed on country rail operations would fall from 18,000 to 10,000, including the withdrawal of staff from 94 country railway stations and the Nyngan – Bourke, Queanbeyan – Cooma and Glen Innes – Wallangarra lines would close.
Several country passenger services ceased over the next few years including the Silver City Comet, Northern Tablelands Express, Canberra XPT, Brisbane Limited, Pacific Coast Motorail, South Coast Daylight Express, Intercapital Daylight and Sydney/Melbourne Express. These were replaced either by XPT sets, EMU/DMU sets or coaches. Coach services which had been operated by the State Rail Authority's own fleet were contracted out to private operators. The report had recommended closing all country passenger services as they were judged unviable, however this was not politically acceptable.
The State Rail Authority was divided into business units:
* CityRail: responsible for suburban and interurban passenger services
* CountryLink: responsible for country passenger services
* FreightRail: responsible for freight services
* Rail Estate: responsible for rail property
CityRail adopted a blue and yellow colour scheme including L7 logo, CountryLink a blue, white and grey scheme and FreightRail a blue and yellow scheme.

### July 1996 restructure

On 1 July 1996, the State Rail Authority was restructured into four distinct entities by the Transport Administration Amendment (Rail Corporatisation and Restructuring) Act 1996 to separate infrastructure from operations as required by the Competition Policy Reform Act 1995. This was part of the process of moving to an open access regime.
The entities were:
* Freight Rail Corporation: responsible for freight services
* Rail Access Corporation: responsible for managing track and providing access to public and private operators
* Railway Services Authority: responsible for track and rolling stock maintenance
* State Rail Authority: passenger service operator consisting of CityRail and CountryLink

### February 1998 restructure

Another restructure in February 1998 saw the State Rail Authority split into four operating divisions:
* CityRail Stations
* CountryLink
* Operations
* Passenger Fleet Maintenance

### January 2001 restructure

In January 2001, the Rail Access Corporation and Railway Services Authority were merged into the Rail Infrastructure Corporation that took responsibility for ownership and maintenance of the infrastructure.

### January 2004 restructure and wind down

In January 2004, after much criticism and public perceptions of blame shifting between units for operational failings, RailCorp was formed taking over the passenger train operations from the residual State Rail Authority (CityRail and CountryLink) and responsibility for maintaining the greater metropolitan network from the Rail Infrastructure Corporation.
By June 2006 much of the operational function had been transferred, with the State Rail Authority in the process of being wound down.

## Publication

From September 1981 until June 1989, State Wide was the SRA's inhouse journal.