OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Magistrates Court of Tasmania

The Magistrates Court of Tasmania is the main day-to-day court in the Australian state of Tasmania and exists in accordance with the laws handed down by the Tasmanian Parliament. The Court is an inferior court to the Supreme Court of Tasmania and, in terms of the Australian court hierarchy, is at the bottom level.

## Jurisdiction of the court

The Court has jurisdiction in a number of areas, including less serious criminal matters, civil claims involving less than $50,000 or where the parties consent, certain administrative appeals, child protection, youth justice, and coronial matters.
The majority of the Court's workload is in less serious (or "summary") offences; the Court also has jurisdiction over serious (or "indictable") crimes where the value of the property involved, or the nature of the crime, means that the matter may be heard by the Magistrates Court of Tasmania according to Tasmanian law. Criminal matters in the Magistrates Court are generally heard by a single magistrate sitting alone and do not involve a jury.
Serious criminal matters are heard by the Supreme Court of Tasmania after having been "committed" to the Supreme Court by the Magistrates' Court. This committal no longer involves an examination of whether or not the defendant has a case to answer but is normally a formal procedural step.
The Court also deals with civil disputes involving property valued at less than $50,000. Disputes involving $5,000 or less are heard by the Court's Civil Division as a minor civil claim.
Appeals from the Magistrates' Court of Tasmania in all matters are to a single judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania.

## Structure of the court

The Magistrates' Court of Tasmania operates from four courthouses in Tasmania, located in Burnie, Devonport, Launceston and Hobart. All of these courthouses operate on a full-time basis and provide circuit courts to more regional and remote parts of the state of Tasmania.
The current list of magistrates of the Magistrates' Court of Tasmania are:

### Burnie Courthouse

* Magistrate L Topfer
* Magistrate K Edwards

### Devonport Courthouse

* Magistrate E Hughes
* Magistrate D R Fairley

### Hobart Courthouse

* Chief Magistrate C J Geason
* Magistrate O McTaggart
* Magistrate C P Webster
* Magistrate R J Marron
* Magistrate S J Cooper
* Magistrate A R McKee
* Magistrate R B Webster
* Magistrate J G Hartnett
* Magistrate M Duvnjak
* Magistrate L Mackey

### Launceston Courthouse

* Deputy Chief Magistrate K J Stanton
* Magistrate S J N Brown
* Magistrate S E Cure
* Magistrate E Hughes
# Meisho Samson

Meisho Samson (Japanese : メイショウサムソン; 7 March 2003 – 26 November 2024) was a Japanese racehorse which won the Tokyo Yūshun and Satsuki Sho in 2006, and the Tenno Sho (Spring and Autumn) in 2007.

## Stud career

Meisho Samson's descendants include:
c = colt, f = filly
| Foaled | Name | Sex | Major Wins |
| 2010 | Samson's Pride | f | Principal Stakes |
| 2011 | Luminous Warrior | c | Hakodate Kinen |
| 2013 | Kinsho Yukihime | c | Fukushima Himba Stakes |
| 2013 | Frontier Queen | c | Laurel R. C. Sho, Nakayama Himba Stakes |
| 2013 | Denko Ange | c | Fukushima Himba Stakes |

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Meisho Samson :
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Sadler's Wells 1981 | Northern Dancer | Nearctic |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Sadler's Wells 1981 | Northern Dancer | Natalma |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Sadler's Wells 1981 | Fairy Bridge | Bold Reason |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Sadler's Wells 1981 | Fairy Bridge | Special |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Colorspin 1983 | High Top | Derring-Do |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Colorspin 1983 | High Top | Camenae |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Colorspin 1983 | Reprocolor | Jimmy Reppin |
| Sire *Opera House 1988 | Colorspin 1983 | Reprocolor | Blue Queen |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Dancing Brave 1983 | Lyphard | Northern Dancer |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Dancing Brave 1983 | Lyphard | Goofed |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Dancing Brave 1983 | Navajo Princess | Drone |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Dancing Brave 1983 | Navajo Princess | Olmac |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Will Princess 1983 | Sun Prince | Princely Gift |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Will Princess 1983 | Sun Prince | Costa Sola |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Will Princess 1983 | Yell | Fortino |
| Dam My Vivien 1997 | Will Princess 1983 | Yell | Garnet (family 3) |
# Stephen Codman

Stephen Codman (c. 1796 – 6 October 1852) was a Canadian composer of English descent. His known compositions all date from before 1835 and his output mainly consists of works for solo voice or vocal ensembles.

## Early life and education

Codman was born in Norwich, England. He was a pupil of John Christmas Beckwith and William Crotch.

## Career

In 1816 Codman came to Canada to assume the post of organist at Holy Trinity Anglican Cathedral in Quebec City, most likely succeeding John Bentley. He remained in that post up until his death in Quebec City 36 years later.
Two of his songs, The Fairy Song and They Are Not All Sweet Nightingales, were published by Goulding, D'Almaine, and Co in 1827, placing them among the oldest published Canadian compositions in history. He also wrote an instrumental piece for the organ, titled "Invocation".
Codman died in Quebec City on 6 October 1852.
# Little Italy (Bridgeport)

41°11′N 73°12′W﻿ / ﻿41.19°N 73.20°W﻿ / 41.19; -73.20Little Italy is a neighborhood located in the North End of Bridgeport, Connecticut on Madison Avenue, near the Fairfield County Correctional Facility and Central High School, with a high Italian-American population.

## History

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many European immigrants moved to Bridgeport to work in the city's many large-scale industrial facilities. Many Italian arrivals during this time clustered together in the city's Central End and North End, particularly around Madison Avenue.

## Present day

The area around Madison Avenue is still referred to as "Little Italy", and remains home to many Italian restaurants. However, in recent years, many of the neighborhood's Italian restaurants have moved to surrounding towns following the de-industrialization of Bridgeport. The area now also has a significant Portuguese population.
# Carvers Creek Township, Cumberland County, North Carolina

Carvers Creek Township is a civil township in Cumberland County, North Carolina. The population was 22,866 at the 2010 census.
# Harrells, North Carolina

Harrells is a town in Duplin and Sampson counties, North Carolina, United States. The population was 160 at the 2020 census. At the previous census in 2010, the population was 202.

## History

The Lewis Highsmith Farm and Dr. John B. Seavey House and Cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1969, a private Christian school, Harrells Christian Academy was founded in the town.

## Geography

Harrells is located in southeastern Sampson County. The northeastern portion of the town falls within southwestern Duplin County.
U.S. Route 421 passes through the town, leading north 22 miles (35 km) to Clinton, the Sampson County seat, and south 40 miles (64 km) to Wilmington. North Carolina Highway 41 leads east 14 miles (23 km) to Wallace and west 26 miles (42 km) to Elizabethtown.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.2 km$^2$), all land.
Most of Harrells is within the Franklin Township of Sampson County. The northeastern portion of Harrells falls within the Rockfish Township of Duplin County.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 187 people, 80 households, and 58 families residing in the town. The population density was 59.3 inhabitants per square mile (22.9/km$^2$). There were 86 housing units at an average density of 27.3 units per square mile (10.5 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 55.08% White, 40.11% African American, 1.07% Native American, 3.74% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.35% of the population.
There were 80 households, out of which 21.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.78.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $34,534. About 14.3% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.3% of those 65 or over.
# I Wish You

"I Wish You" is the third single released by Gloria Estefan from her tenth studio album Unwrapped. In 2003, promotional CD singles were sent to radio stations in the U.S. In 2004, the song was released as a CD single in Europe.

## Meaning

Estefan said, "'I Wish You' is a power-ballad that shoots directly for the heart, pulling no punches. Telling someone that you love them, and wish them the best, even when they have wronged you, is often harder than when they have not. The concept, underscored beautifully, with sublime production, is a wistful goodbye that manages to empower the person who is being hurt the most."

## Chart performance

| Country | Peak position | Weeks on chart |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks | 18 | 12 (April 24 - July 17, 2004) |
| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40) | 28 |
| Switzerland | 64 | 3 (February 22 - March 7, 2004) |

## Official versions

Original versions
* Album Version — 3:52
Remixes
* DJ Joey Se' Revelation Anthem Radio Mix — 4:18
* DJ Joey Se' Revelation Anthem Mix — 10:26
* DJ Joey Se' Love Dub — 9:00
+The remixes for "I Wish You" were all commissioned to DJ Joey Se' but only the "Anthem Radio Mix" was released; it was issued on the EP Unwrapped: Remixes, aka "Sell Thru PPV (Bonus CD)" catalog #ESK-58488.
# Julie Landsman

Julie Landsman (born April 3, 1953) is an American-born French horn player and teacher. Landsman was Principal Horn of the Metropolitan Opera from 1985-2010. Prior to her appointment with the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra, Landsman served as co-principal horn with the Houston Symphony, and has toured internationally with the New York Philharmonic and Orpheus Chamber Orchestra. Julie Landsman is on the faculties of The Juilliard School, the USC Thornton School of Music, and the Music Academy of the West. She formerly taught at the Bard College Conservatory of Music.
Her students hold prominent positions in orchestras throughout the world. A graduate of Juilliard, her teachers have included James Chambers, Howard Howard and Carmine Caruso. Landsman is featured horn soloist on the recording of Wagner's Ring Cycle with the Metropolitan Opera conducted by James Levine, and has appeared on numerous other recordings. Music festival appearances have included the Marlboro Music Festival, Sarasota Music Festival, Chamber Music Northwest, Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival, Aspen Music Festival and School, Mainly Mozart Orchestra, and La Jolla SummerFest. Landsman grew up in Brooklyn.
# Lonchocarpus retifer

Lonchocarpus retifer is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Central America: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. Its scientific name has also been spelt Lonchocarpus retiferus.
# E. J. Thomas Hall

E. J. Thomas Performing Arts Hall, more commonly known as E. J. Thomas Hall, is a performing arts hall located in downtown Akron, Ohio on the University of Akron campus.

## History

Opened in 1973, The University of Akron's E. J. Thomas Performing Arts Hall is a 125,000-square-foot (11,600 m$^2$) hall, that can seat up to 2,955 people, depending on the arrangement of the facility. It seats 2,955 with the ceiling at full height, 2,343 with it at the front edge of the flying balcony, and 743 when the grand tier is entirely closed off.
On October 9, 1973, the hall opened "with a world premiere by Mexican composer Carlos Chavez," performed by the Akron Symphony Orchestra.
The first director of The University of Akron's E. J. Thomas Hall was Clint Norton, followed by Robert D'Angelo, co-producer of Mummenschanz on Broadway in 1979 and Dan Dahl in 1991.
The University of Akron named the facility in honor of Edwin Joel Thomas, the former chairman and CEO of The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., who later served on the university's board of trustees.
# Gasperoni

Gasperoni is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alex Gasperoni (born 1984), Sammarinese footballer
* Bryan Gasperoni (born 1974), Sammarinese footballer
* Cesare Gasperoni, Captains Regent of San Marino
* Cristian Gasperoni (born 1970), Italian former cyclist
* Elio Gasperoni (born 1943), Sammarinese sports shooter
* Ermenegildo Gasperoni (1906–1994), Sammarinese politician
* Federico Gasperoni (born 1976), Sammarinese footballer and cyclist
* Jason Gasperoni (born 1973), Sammarinese alpine skier
* Lorenzo Gasperoni (born 1990), Sammarinese footballer
* Milena Gasperoni (born 1961), Sammarinese politician
# Trieste National Hall

The Trieste National Hall or Slovene Cultural Centre (Slovene: Narodni dom) in Trieste is a multimodal building that served for 15 years as a social and economic centre for the Slovene minority in the city. It included the Slovene theatre in Trieste, a hotel, a restaurant, a gym and numerous cultural associations. It is notable for having been burned in 1920 by Italian Fascists, which made it a symbol of the Italian repression of the Slovene minority in Italy. The building was restored from 1988 to 1990. and later used as a hotel (Hotel Regina). Around 2010 it has been renovated according to the original plans.

## Building

Such institutions were typical in Slovenian ethnic territory in the decades around 1900. It was built by the Slovenian architect Max Fabiani between 1901 and 1904. Fabiani designed the building with the concept of technical-rational structure, with the facade of monumental stone. It was completed in 1904. It had an ornate facade and state-of-the-art equipment, including an electric generator and central heating.

## Fascist attack

On 13 July 1920, at the end of a violent anti-Slovenian demonstration as a reaction to the July 11 Split incident, the building was burned by the Fascist Blackshirts, led by Francesco Giunta. The act was praised by Benito Mussolini, who had not yet assumed power, as a "masterpiece of the Triestine Fascism" (Italian: capolavoro del fascismo triestino). It was part of a wider pogrom against the Slovenes and other Slavs in the very centre of Trieste and the harbinger of the ensuing violence against the Slovenes and Croats in the Julian March.
On 15 May 1921, less than a year after the arson attack, the architect Fabiani became a member of the Italian Fascist movement. The reason for his joining the party and his political activity in the following years remains unclear.

## Legacy

Boris Pahor's autobiographical novel Trg Oberdan describes how he witnessed the Fascists burning the building.
# Kemps Creek (watercourse)

Kemps Creek is a creek located in Sydney, Australia. It is a tributary of South Creek which flows into the Hawkesbury River. The source of the creek is about 2 km east by north of Catherine Field and flows in a roughly northerly direction through the suburbs of Austral (where it joins with its tributary Bonds Creek) and Kemps Creek (where, after approximately 17 km, it enters South Creek).
# Fatafehi Tuʻipelehake

Prince Fatafehi Tuʻipelehake (Sione Ngū Manumataongo; 7 January 1922 – 10 April 1999) was the youngest son of Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga. He was the prime minister of Tonga from 1965 to 1991, a record tenure of over 25 years, serving under his brother King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV.

## Early life

Tuʻi Pelehake attended Newington College, Sydney, (1941–1942) and Gatton Agricultural College, Queensland, Australia. On 10 June 1947, Fatafehi married Melenaite Tupoumoheofo Veikune [to] (13 November 1924 – 16 March 1993) in a double marriage ceremony (taʻane māhanga) with his older brother, the Crown Prince (at the time known as Tupoutoʻa-Tungī), who also married Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe. He received the title Tuʻi Pelehake (Fatafehi) from his mother (Queen Sālote) in 1944, and he also received the second-highest title of Tonga, Tuʻi Faleua (king of the second house).
From a non-traditional side, he was conferred an honorary CBE in 1966. He inherited from his mother an artistic side; he was a well-known poet and composer.

## Politics

His career was with his brother in the government. His first assignment was as governor of Vavaʻu (1949–1952), later of Haʻapai (1952–1953), and he then served as Minister of Health and Lands.

### Prime minister

In 1965 he took over as Prime Minister of Tonga when his brother had to vacate the post on becoming king. He remained prime minister until he resigned in 1991 due to serious health problems. His last years were spent in a wheelchair on a life support system.
He kept the both titles of Tuʻi Pelehake and Tuʻi Faleua for so many years, that they became synonymous with him. But after his death, only the former was conferred to his son ʻUluvalu, while the latter returned to the king.
He died on 10 April 1999 in Auckland after a long illness.

## Descendants

Besides his son who inherited his positions, he also had four daughters and two sons :
* Princess Mele Siu’ilikutapu;
* Princess 'Elisiva Fusipala Vaha'i;
* Prince 'Uluvalu Takeivulangi, 6th Tu‘ipelehake;
* Princess Lavinia Mata 'o Taone Ma‘afu;
* Princess Sinaitakala 'Ofeina-'e-he Langi Fakafanua;
** Fatafehi Fakafanua, 8th Lord Fakafanua, current Speaker of the Tongan Legislative Assembly;
** Princess Sinaitakala Tuku'aho, who is married to her double second cousin, Crown Prince Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
* Lord Viliami Tupoulahi Mailefihi, 7th Tu'ipelehake.
** Prince Viliami Sione Ngu Takeivulai, 8th Tu'ipelehake (only son of late 7th Tu'ipelehake), who has two children with his divorced wife Cassandra Vaea.
*** Hon Siaosi Tupoulahi Tu'ipelehake (son)
*** Hon Melenaite Tupoumoheofo Tu'ipelehake (daughter)

## Honours
### National

* Tonga: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Order of Pouono
* Tonga: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Tonga
* Tonga: Recipient of the Royal Tongan Medal of Merit
* Tonga: Recipient of the King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV Silver Jubilee Medal

### Foreign

* United Kingdom: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1977)
* United Kingdom: Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
# Castlefin

Castlefin (Irish: Caisleán na Finne, meaning 'castle of the (river) Finn'), sometimes spelt Castlefinn, is a market town and townland in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, Ireland. It is located between Stranorlar and Lifford in East Donegal. As of 2022, the population was 730. The River Finn flows by the town. The town is located in along the main N15 national primary road, which runs from Bundoran to Lifford. The town lies 6 miles from Lifford and 8 miles from the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar. It has close links to Letterkenny, to the twin towns of Ballybofey and Stranorlar, and to West Tyrone in Northern Ireland, especially with the towns of Strabane and Castlederg.

## Amenities

The five housing estates in the town are called the Emmett Park built in the 1980s Sessaigh Park built in the 2000s, Caislean Court built in the 1990s, Hillhead built in the 1970s and Grahamsland built in the 1950s.
The town centre is located around the Diamond area, which is where three routes merge. The Diamond has landscaped seating and planting areas, and the surrounding area also has a number of buildings that are included on the Record of Protected Structures. The town has a number of retail, commercial, religious, economic, social and recreational amenities. Castlefinn also serves as a focus of primary education for the surrounding rural areas. The local national school has a large catchment area and currently has 180+ pupils attending. The town also has a pre-school.
The town centre has a number of amenities including retail outlets, grocery stores, a petrol station, post office, butchers, take-aways, public houses and some hairdressers. The town also has a recycling facility that is located on the Castlederg road beside the bridge.
The C.P.I center is used for football, parties, computing and the youth club. There is a local GAA club (Robert Emmetts) and a soccer field (Castlefinn Celtic). Castlefinn is also the home of Finn Valley Radio which broadcasts on 95.8FM locally and online. The station holds a community licence and its studios are located at the CPI Centre.

## Schools

Local schools include St Mary's National School, Scoil Náisiúnta Domhnach Mór (Liscooley) and St. Safan's National School (Dunnyloop).

## Transport

Castlefinn railway station opened on 7 September 1863, but finally closed on 1 January 1960.
A number of buses pass through Castlefinn on a daily basis going to Letterkenny, Derry, Strabane, Dublin, Sligo and Galway.

## Politics

Castlefin is in the Donegal constituency for Dáil elections. There are currently five TDs for this constituency, Pearse Doherty and Padraig MacLochlainn (Sinn Féin), Charlie McConalogue (Fianna Fáil), Thomas Pringle (Independent) and Joe McHugh, (Fine Gael).
The town is in the Lifford-Stranorlar Municipal District for local elections to Donegal County Council. The six Councillors elected to represent the area are Gary Doherty and Liam Doherty (Sinn Féin), Patrick McGowan and Gerry Crawford (Fianna Fáil), Martin Harley (Fine Gael) and Frank McBrearty (Independent).

## Notable people

* Seán Reid, Musician
# Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation

The Hubbard–Stratonovich (HS) transformation is an exact mathematical transformation invented by Russian physicist Ruslan L. Stratonovich and popularized by British physicist John Hubbard. It is used to convert a particle theory into its respective field theory by linearizing the density operator in the many-body interaction term of the Hamiltonian and introducing an auxiliary scalar field. It is defined via the integral identity
    $\exp \left(-{\frac {a}{2}}x^{2}\right)={\sqrt {\frac {1}{2\pi a}}}\;\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }\exp \left(-{\frac {y^{2}}{2a}}-ixy\right)\,dy,$
where the real constant $a>0$. The basic idea of the HS transformation is to reformulate a system of particles interacting through two-body potentials into a system of independent particles interacting with a fluctuating field. The procedure is widely used in polymer physics, classical particle physics, spin glass theory, and electronic structure theory.

## Calculation of resulting field theories

The resulting field theories are well-suited for the application of effective approximation techniques, like the mean field approximation. A major difficulty arising in the simulation with such field theories is their highly oscillatory nature in case of strong interactions, which leads to the well-known numerical sign problem. The problem originates from the repulsive part of the interaction potential, which implicates the introduction of the complex factor via the HS transformation.
# Marlene Dayman

Marlene Dayman (born 14 October 1949) is an Australian former swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre backstroke at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Earlier she had defied an instruction from the Australian Swimming Union not to march in the opening ceremony.
In March 1965 the union banned Dayman for three years and three fellow swimmers, Nan Duncan (three years), Dawn Fraser (ten years) and Linda McGill (four years), from swimming for defying their instruction. This effectively ended her swimming career. Dayman is the daughter of music promoter, talent manager and record label owner, Ivan Dayman.