OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ashram

An ashram (Sanskrit: आश्रम, āśrama) is a spiritual hermitage or a monastery in Indian religions.

## Etymology

The Sanskrit noun āśrama- is a thematic nominal derivative from the root śram$^i$ 'toil' (< PIE *ḱremh$_2$, cf. śramaṇa) with the prefix ā 'towards.' An ashram is a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be ascetic, spiritual, yogic or any other.

## Overview

An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in forests or mountainous regions, amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and meditation. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of yoga. Other sacrifices and penances, such as yajnas, were also performed. Many ashrams also served as gurukulas, residential schools for children under the guru-shishya tradition.
Sometimes, the goal of a pilgrimage to the ashram was not tranquility, but instruction in some art, especially warfare. In the Ramayana, the princes of ancient Ayodhya, Rama, and Lakshmana, go to Vishvamitra's ashram to protect his yajnas from being defiled by emissary-demons of Ravana. After they prove their mettle, the princes receive martial instruction from the sage, especially in the use of divine weapons. In the Mahabharata, Krishna, in his youth, goes to the ashram of Sandipani to gain knowledge of both intellectual and spiritual matters.

## Schools in Maharashtra

Boarding schools, especially in the tribal areas of Maharashtra and elsewhere in India, are called ashram shala or ashram schools. One such school is the Lok Biradari Prakalp Ashram Shala.

## In the West

A number of ashrams have been established outside India. Typically, these ashrams are connected to Indian lineages, focus on imparting Yoga-related teachings, often in residential retreats, and are headed by spiritual teachers (Indians or Western).

## Gallery

* Sabarmati Ashram, where Mahatma Gandhi stayed.
* Sevagram Ashram
* Ashram with folk architectural elements with wood and bamboo roof.
* Arshram in Sabarmati
* Sabarmati Ashram with folk architectural elements; stone floors and wood and lime-plaster walls.
* Wooden rafters in ashram
* Small ashram hut in Sabramati
* Ashram at Sabramati with verandha
* Acharjya Binoba Bhabe's kutira at Sabaramati Ashram
* Sivananda Ashram, Rishikesh, the headquarters of Divine Life Society, founded by Sivananda Saraswati in 1936
* Kailash Ashram, Muni Ki Reti, Rishikesh, established by Dhanraj Giri
# Bubble hair deformity

Bubble hair deformity is damage of the hair shaft, resulting in patches of short weak brittle hair, that feels rough.
It is typically caused by chemicals and heat; temperatures greater than 125 °C on wet hair, such as with the use of hair dryers, hair straighteners and curling tongs.

## Definition

Bubble hair deformity is damage of the hair shaft, resulting in patches of short weak brittle hair, that feels rough.

## Cause

It is typically caused by chemicals and heat; temperatures greater than 125 °C on wet hair, such as with the use of hair dryers, hair straighteners and curling tongs.

## Mechanism

Bubble hair is characterized by rows of bubbles seen microscopically within localized areas of the brittle hair. These air-filled spaces occur in the cortex of the hair shaft that correspond to the breakdown of keratin and local air expansion triggered by hot water passing through the shaft. There may be an inherited predisposition. It can be associated with trichorrhexis nodosa and trichoptilosis.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopy.

## Prevention

Avoiding excessive heat and chemicals can prevent the condition.

## Epidemiology

Bubble hair is more common in females.
# Cumberland Town Hall Historic District

The Cumberland Town Hall District is a historic district encompassing two buildings of civic and architectural significance in Cumberland, Rhode Island. It includes Cumberland's town hall, located at 45 Broad Street in the village of Valley Falls, and an adjacent commercial building at 16 Mill Street, which was historically used for commercial and civic functions. The town hall, built in 1894, was the town's first purpose-built municipal building, and is a prominent example of Colonial Revival architecture, designed by Rhode Island architect William R. Walker. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

## Description and history

Cumberland Town Hall is located in the town's southernmost village, Valley Falls, at the northeast corner of Broad and Mill Streets. It is a tall three-story structure, its brick walls trimmed with stone and terra cotta. It is capped by a hip roof, and has a three-stage clock tower which is visible for some distance. Adjacent to the town hall at 16 Mill Street is a two-story brick commercial building. It has two store fronts, arrange symmetrically with plate glass display windows at the outside, and recessed two-leaf doorways near the center of the facade. Segmented-arch windows are placed above each storefront, and a corbelled and dentillated parapet tops the building.
After Cumberland was incorporated in 1746, municipal records were typically stored in the clerk's home, and business was conducted in private homes or local commercial spaces. This situation continued through the town's significant industrial and population growth in the 19th century, until 1892, when the town appointed a committee to oversee construction of a town hall. The present structure was completed in 1894, on land given to the town by the Valley Falls Mill Company, its largest industrial concern. It was designed by William R. Walker, a prominent Rhode Island architect, and was stylistically similar to the town hall of Warwick. The adjacent commercial building had been built about 1890 by the Valley Falls Company to house a company store and the local library. The retail space was repurposed to house the Valley Falls post office, which had been displaced by the construction of the town hall.
# Ģedule

The Ģedule (also Ģedulis) is a tributary of the left bank of Iecava in Bauska Municipality. It begins as a district ditch on the western edge of Dreimaņi marsh, south of Tāma. It flows along the Semigallia plain mainly in the north direction, collecting the waters of the surrounding marshes. The river is regulated in most of its course, except for a small section before the mouth. It flows into the Iecava river in Iecava near Dartija.
# Petr Vopěnka

Petr Vopěnka (16 May 1935 – 20 March 2015) was a Czech mathematician. In the early seventies, he developed alternative set theory (i.e. alternative to the classical Cantor theory), which he subsequently developed in a series of articles and monographs. Vopěnka’s name is associated with many mathematical achievements, including Vopěnka's principle. Since the mid-eighties he concerned himself with philosophical questions of mathematics (particularly vis-à-vis Husserlian phenomenology).
Vopěnka served as the Minister of Education of the Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) from 1990 to 1992 within the government of Prime Minister Petr Pithart.

## Biography

Petr Vopěnka grew up in small town of Dolní Kralovice. After finishing gymnasium in Ledeč nad Sázavou in 1953 he went to study mathematics at the Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Charles University in Prague, graduating in 1958. In 1962 he was made Candidate of Sciences (CSc) and in 1967 Doctor of Science (DrSc). His advisors were Eduard Čech and Ladislav Rieger.
Starting in 1958 Vopěnka taught at the Mathematics and Physics Faculty, since 1964 as lecturer, since 1965 as senior lecturer. In 1968 he was made professor but was prevented to take this title until 1990 due to political reasons. Between 1966 and 1969 Vopěnka served as Vice Dean of the faculty.
In 1967 Vopěnka became head of the newly established Department of Mathematical Logic. The department was abolished in 1970 and Vopěnka, though allowed to stay at the university, fell into disfavour with the regime, which limited his contacts with foreign mathematicians. During the 1970s and 1980s he concentrated on philosophy and history of mathematics and on phenomenology of infinity.
After the Velvet Revolution, in January 1990, Vopěnka became Deputy Rector of the Charles University. During the period June 1990 – July 1992 he served as Minister of Education of the Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia). In this position he, without much of success and facing protests from the teachers, attempted to institute school reforms.
In 1992 the Department of Mathematical Logic was reopened and Vopěnka became its head. In 2000 he retired from the Charles University and the department was closed. Until 2009 Vopěnka worked as a professor at the Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, in the Department of Mathematics of the Faculty of Science.
Petr Vopěnka also participated in translation and publishing of early mathematical texts (such as works of Euclid and Al-Khwarezmi) into the Czech language, and then he worked at the Department of Philosophy and Department of Interdisciplinary Activities, University of West Bohemia in Plzeň.
# Pond, Illinois

Pond is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Illinois, United States. The community is located along Illinois Route 147, 4.1 miles (6.6 km) east-northeast of Vienna.
# Sanjay Mukund Kelkar

Sanjay Mukund Kelkar is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a second term member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly.

## Constituency

Sanjay Mukund Kelkar is elected from the Thane-City Assembly Constituency Maharashtra.

## Positions held

* Maharashtra Legislative Assembly MLA.
* Terms in office: 2014–Present
# SoNo, Atlanta

SoNo (South of North Avenue) is a sub-district of downtown Atlanta, Georgia, just south of Midtown. The area was defined and named by T. Brian Glass while working on a rezoning committee with Central Atlanta Progress in 2005 in order to better establish an identity for the area and give it a hipper image. SoNo refers to the area of Downtown bounded by North Avenue on the north, Central Park Place on the east and the Downtown Connector (Interstate-75/85) on the west and south.
Ongoing urban renewal efforts in the new neighborhood seek to establish a chic cultural identity for the underdeveloped area, as well as reunite the Midtown and Downtown commercial districts (which have remained mostly divided since the construction of the Downtown Connector through the heart of the city), including a proposed "interstate cap" over the highway that would extend Mayor's Park south along Peachtree Street to Baker Street.
SoNo is home to several attractions, including Emory University Hospital Midtown, the Atlanta Civic Center, Shakespeare Tavern and the Bank of America Plaza, the city's tallest building. It also is home to the historic Baltimore Block and Rufus M. Rose House. SoNo's centerpiece Renaissance and Central Parks were also the site of Atlanta's annual Music Midtown festival, before moving to Piedmont Park.
Public transportation is provided by MARTA with buses and with the north-south rail line serving the Civic Center station.

## History

In the last decades of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th, Peachtree Street was a street of elegant mansions — the Rufus M. Rose House being the last remaining example in what is now SoNo. These gradually were replaced by commercial buildings, large churches, apartment buildings and boarding houses and by the end of the 1920s the transformation was complete. With suburbanization in the mid-20th century, the area went into a period of decline. When given its name and new image by T. Brian Glass while working on a rezoning committee with Central Atlanta Progress in 2005, SoNo had not yet participated substantially in the renaissance of either downtown to the south or Midtown to the north.
The area from Piedmont east to Central Park had a different history — this developed as the Buttermilk Bottom slum area, which was razed in the 1960s. Most of the land then remained empty, the Convention Center (built 1967), now the Boisfeuillet Jones Atlanta Civic Center, being an exception. Finally, in the mid-1980s new, mostly mixed-income projects were built on the land, while some of the land was used for today's Renaissance Park.
# Compagnie van De Moucheron

The Compagnie van De Moucheron (Company of De Moucheron) was a pre-company and precursor of the Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie (VOC, commonly called the "Dutch East India Company"), from the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (commonly called the "Dutch Republic"). It was founded by Balthazar de Moucheron, a ship owner from Antwerp in the Southern Netherlands. After the fall of Antwerp he moved his business to Zeeland. The fleet of the Compagnie van De Moucheron was made up of three ships, 'Ram', 'Schaap' (Sheep) and the pinasse 'Lam' (Lamb) and was headed by Joris van Spilbergen. Its fleet left on 5 May 1601 and returned to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in 1604.

## History

A voorcompagnie (pre-company) refers to one of the Dutch companies that traded with Asia between 1594 and 1602, before the smaller companies merged to form the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The pre-companies were financed by merchants from the Northern Netherlands and rich immigrants from the Southern Netherlands. Because of the deadly competition, the government forced the smaller trading companies to unite and form the (United) East India Company, that on its turn received exclusive rights for the trade with Asia for the following 21 years.

## Company of De Moucheron

This trading company was founded by Balthazar De Moucheron after many of his partners left his earlier Veerse Compagnie and joined the Company of Middelburg in founding the United company of Zeeland.
In 1601 he sent Joris van Spilbergen with three ships, Ram, Schaap, and Lam, on a successful expedition to establish trade relations with the Kingdom of Kandy, and they eventually were to reach Atjeh. Van Spilbergen met the king of Kandy (Sri Lanka) Vimala Dharma Suriya in 1602, and discussed the possibility of trade in cinnamon. When van Spilbergen returned to Zeeland in 1604, carrying on board a treasure of rubies, sapphires, topazes and a variety of other gemstones, which he received as a gift from the maharajah of Kandy, the independent companies of Holland and Zeeland had already merged to form the Dutch East India Company.
# Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying

"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying" is a song written by Gerry Marsden, Freddie Marsden, Les Chadwick and Les Maguire, the members of British beat group Gerry and the Pacemakers. It was first recorded and issued as a single by Louise Cordet in February 1964. Shortly after Cordet's version failed to chart, the song was recorded by Gerry and the Pacemakers themselves in April 1964. The Gerry and the Pacemakers recording became an international hit and remains one of their best-known singles.

## History

The song was given first to Louise Cordet, a singer who had previously toured with the group as well as with the Beatles. Her version was produced by Tony Meehan and released on Decca Records in February 1964. The group then decided to issue their own version. The record, like the group's earlier releases, was produced by George Martin.
It was released in April 1964 as Gerry and the Pacemakers' fifth single in Britain, and spent 11 weeks on the United Kingdom's Record Retailer chart, reaching No. 6. In the US, it was the breakthrough single for the group, spending 12 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 and reaching No. 4. The song debuted at No. 4 in the first issue of Canada's RPM Top Forty-5s chart, while reaching No. 5 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade and No. 6 on New Zealand's Lever Hit Parade.
Cash Box described it as "an extremely pretty soft Latin beat romancer that really grows on you with each listen."
Gerry and the Pacemakers performed the song on their first US television show, The Ed Sullivan Show on 3 May 1964. The group's earlier UK hit singles – "How Do You Do It?", "I Like It", "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "I'm the One" – were then reissued in the US to follow up its success, but "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying" remained their biggest hit in the United States.

## Cover versions

The song has been recorded by many other singers, including Steve Lawrence (1964), José Feliciano (1968), Rickie Lee Jones (1989), Gloria Estefan (1994), Robben Ford (1995), Canadian boyband B4-4 (2000), Paul Carrack (2010), Post Image with John Greaves (2011), Nellie McKay (2015), and Ronnie Spector (2016).
# Eric Melvin

Eric Scott Melvin (born July 9, 1966) is an American musician and founding member of the punk rock band NOFX. Throughout the band's existence, he and Fat Mike were the only band members who stayed since the beginning.

## NOFX

Melvin plays guitar and sings backup vocals on most NOFX songs and wrote the guitar riffs for NOFX songs such as the intro for "Leave It Alone". His vocal style is iconically called the "Mel Yell".

## Music

Melvin is a founding member of Punk Rock Karaoke with Greg Hetson and Steve Soto, though he rarely performs with them. Melvin is an irregular touring member of Me First and the Gimme Gimmes.

## Personal life

Melvin is of Ukrainian and Jewish descent and grew up in Hollywood.
In 2016, Melvin married Australian-born artist Sarah Melvin. They have identical twin daughters together: Ivy Laine Melvin and Phaedra Rose Melvin, born 21 minutes apart. Melvin also has two boys, Eli Melvin and Caspian Melvin, and lives with his wife Sarah and all four children in the Encinitas area of Southern California. In 2017, he sold his home in San Francisco with some who viewed the home stating "This can't be a punk rocker's house. It's really tasteful."
Melvin was raised Jewish, but also relates to Buddhism and Taoism. He also practices meditation, breath work, and yoga.

## Albums with NOFX

* 1985 Maximum Rocknroll
* 1988 Liberal Animation
* 1989 S&M Airlines
* 1991 Ribbed
* 1992 The Longest Line
* 1992 White Trash, Two Heebs and a Bean
* 1994 Punk in Drublic
* 1995 I Heard They Suck Live!!
* 1996 Heavy Petting Zoo
* 1997 So Long and Thanks for All the Shoes
* 1999 The Decline
* 2000 Pump Up the Valuum
* 2002 45 or 46 Songs That Weren't Good Enough To Go On Our Other Records
* 2003 The War on Errorism
* 2006 Never Trust a Hippy
* 2006 Wolves in Wolves' Clothing
* 2007 They've Actually Gotten Worse Live!
* 2009 Coaster
* 2009 Cokie the Clown
* 2012 Self Entitled
* 2013 Stoke Extinguisher
* 2014 Backstage Passport Soundtrack
* 2016 First Ditch Effort
* 2018 Ribbed: Live in a Dive
* 2021 Single Album
* 2022 Double Album
# Delmar-Lema Historic District

The Delmar-Lema Historic District, in Memphis, Tennessee, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It included 18 contributing buildings on 1.9 acres (0.77 ha).
It includes houses at 1044-1066 Delmar Avenue and at 1044-1060 and 1041-1061 Lemar Place, in Memphis.
The houses are shotgun houses with either Queen Anne or Craftsman influences.
# Sodom Mill Historic and Archeological District

Sodom Mill Historic and Archeological District is a historic district in Exeter, Rhode Island. It includes the foundational remnants of a small early-19th century mill complex, including a dam and raceway, as well as the ruins of several 19th-century dwellings. The oldest mill on the site was built in 1814.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Ángel Mislan

Ángel Mislan (March 1, 1862 – February 1, 1911) was a composer of Puerto Rican Danzas.

## Early years

Mislan (birth name: Ángel Mislan Huertas) was born in San Sebastián, Puerto Rico where he was raised and educated. The small town is located in the western part of Puerto Rico. His father was a music teacher who gave private lessons on the use of musical instruments. Mislan learned from his father how to play the clarinet and the euphonium (the latter is essential in the performance of Puerto Rican danzas). When he was very young he went to Spain to further his musical training by learning composition and harmony.

## Musical career

In 1886, when Mislan was 24 years old, he returned to Puerto Rico and settled down in Arecibo. There he joined the Military Band of the Third Battalion of Volunteers; eventually, he became the director of that band. During this period he wrote his two best known danza compositions, "Sara" and "Tu y Yo" (You and I). His style differed from that of Manuel Gregorio Tavárez and Juan Morel Campos in that his danzas were typically shorter and humorous.
In 1898, Mislan returned to his hometown where he became the director of the Municipal Band. This was an important position, held in high regard by the society of the time. In 1906, he met a young musician by the name of Juan F. Acosta and took him under his wing. The older performer taught Acosta music composition and harmony and, when Mislan moved from San Sebastian to the town of Barceloneta, he recommended that Acosta replace him as the new director of the San Sebastian Municipal Band.

## Legacy

Mislan died in the town of Barceloneta, Puerto Rico on February 1, 1911. Besides writing danzas, Mislan also wrote Puerto Rican folk music, waltzes and marches. Most of his works are safeguarded in the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (Institute of Puerto Rican Culture). In 1948, Puerto Rican singer Julita Ross recorded the danzas of Ángel Mislan. The City of San Sebastián honored Mislan's memory by naming a school after him and by placing a bust of his image in the center of its plaza.
# Komańcza Republic

The Komańcza Republic, also known as the Eastern Lemko Republic, Vyslik Republic, and Lemko Republic, was a short-lived microstate, an association of thirty three Lemko villages, seated in Komańcza in the east of the Lemko Region, that existed between 4 November 1918 and 24 January 1919. It was headed by Head of the Council (голова Повітової Української Національної Ради, Head of the Ukrainian National County Council) Rev. Panteleymon Shpylka.
Unlike the contemporaneous Lemko Republic to its west (which sought unification with the Russian Soviet Republic), the Komancza Republic planned to unite with the West Ukrainian People's Republic in an independent Ukrainian state. However, this was suppressed by the Polish government as part of the Polish–Ukrainian War.
The Treaty of Saint-Germain made Galicia west of the San Polish.

## List of villages constituting the Republic

* Baligród
* Cisna
* Czystogarb
* Przybyszów
* Darów
* Karlików
* Płonna
* Jawornik
* Komańcza
* Kulaszne
* Kalnica
* Rzepedź
* Turzańsk
* Duszatyn
* Prełuki
* Maniów
* Morochów
* Moszczaniec
* Balnica
* Smolnik
* Wola Michowa
* Łupków
* Osławica
* Radoszyce
* Dołżyca
* Mików
* Surowica
* Sukowate
* Szczawne
* Wysoczany
* Mokre
* Puławy
* Wisłok Wielki
# Achmea

Achmea Holding N.V. is one of the largest suppliers of financial services (mainly insurance) in the Netherlands. The company was formed by a merger of Zilveren Kruis and Avéro Centraal Beheer Groep on January 1, 1995. The roots of Achmea date back to 1811 when the Frisian accountant, Ulbe Piers Draisma [fy], founded the "Onderlinge Brand Assurantie Sociëteit (Achlum)" in Achlum, Frisia, the Netherlands.
In 2000, Achmea became a part of Eureko BV, which in 2011 merged with the Dutch parent company Achmea N.V. to form Achmea B.V. The Vereniging Achmea (association) owns or controls 63.3% of Achmea B.V. of its votes, the Dutch bank Rabobank owns or controls 31.3% of the shares, the other 5.4% of the shares are owned or controlled by strategic partners.
Achmea brands include Agis, Avéro, Centraal Beheer, FBTO, Interpolis, Syntrus and Zilveren Kruis (often suffixed by 'Achmea').
Of the ten largest insurance companies in the Netherlands, Achmea is one of the two that was found in a 2015 investigation to not invest in arms trade to dictatorships, fragile states and corrupt countries (ASR being the other one).