OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Road user charges (New Zealand)

Road user charges (RUC) are a tax paid by users of vehicles which use energy that is not taxed at its source (e.g., fuel tax).

## Taxed fuels

Vehicles powered by petrol, compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) generally do not pay RUC as these fuels are taxed at source. In New Zealand, other vehicles such as light diesel vehicles or trucks do pay RUC. Most large vehicles fall into this category.

## Taxed vehicles

Vehicles required to pay RUC include:
* Vehicles that have a manufacturer's gross laden weight of 3,500 kg (7,716 lb) or more
* Vehicles that use diesel or other fuel not taxed at source

## Payment

Charges are payable to the NZ Transport agency enforced by NZ police so all road users must ensure you have the correct documents displayed at all times in order to avoid a fine. There are several exemptions available for certain types of vehicles such as tractors however the vast majority of larger vehicles will be required to pay RUC.
Details on payment can be found on the New Zealand Transport Agency Website. http://www.nzta.govt.nz/vehicle/registration-licensing/ruc/overview.html

## History

Roads were funded by Highway Boards and other local authorities out of rates and a mix of charges until the Main Highways Act 1922 took effect in 1924, when taxes on petrol, tyres, car registrations, and a heavy traffic fee were collected by government and spent by the Main Highways Board. A mileage tax was introduced by section 19 of the Finance Act, 1932-33 (No. 2) to collect income from diesel, steam and electric vehicles. In 1949, mileage tax collected £37,300, out of total motor taxation of £9,141,400. In 1978, it collected $9.112m out of a total of $139.365m. Under the Road User Charges Act 1977, RUCs replaced heavy traffic fees and mileage tax in stages between 28 February 1978 and 1 January 1979, requiring hubodometers to be fitted to all vehicles over 3.5 tonnes. Sales tax on heavy vehicles was also reduced from 40% to 10% until 1 April 1980. The changes aimed to make the user pay, but the effect was minimal. In 1977, of total roading costs, road users paid 55%, ratepayers 34% and taxpayers 11%. In 1980, after the introduction of RUC, road users paid 54%, ratepayers 36% and taxpayers 9%.
# Wilfrid Sugden

Sir Wilfrid Hart Sugden (8 December 1879 – 27 April 1960) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. A Member of Parliament (MP) for fourteen years, he represented three different constituencies, losing his seat twice and losing in three other elections which he contested.

## Early life and career

Sugden was born in Bolton, Lancashire, the son of William Arthur and Isabella Sugden. He was educated at London University and abroad. He became a constructional engineer and served in the Royal Engineers during the First World War.
Sugden changed course later in life, being called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1928, when he was nearing 50.

## Political life

He was elected at the 1918 general election as MP for Royton in Lancashire. He was returned with a reduced majority at the 1922 election, but was defeated at the 1923 general election by the Liberal Party candidate William Gorman.
Sugden returned to Parliament at the 1924 general election as MP for the marginal The Hartlepools, where he defeated the sitting Liberal MP William Jowitt.
At the 1929 general election, he did not seek re-election in The Hartlepools, where the Liberals regained the seat. Instead, he contested Rossendale in Lancashire, where the Conservative MP Robert Waddington had stood down. Sugden was defeated again, winning 30.1% of the votes in a tight three-way contest; he polled only 2,399 votes less than the successful Labour candidate Arthur Law.
The Labour party's vote collapsed at the 1931 general election after Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald formed a National Government, splitting his party. Sugden contested the Labour-held marginal seat of Leyton West in London, where he was returned to the House of Commons with a majority of nearly 10,000. However, he was ousted again at the 1935 general election, when Labour's Rev. Reginald Sorensen was returned with a majority of only 128.
He then contested the Islington North constituency, at a by-election in 1937 following the death of the Conservative MP Albert Goodman. He lost again, on a swing of 6.9% against the Conservatives.
Sugden's last electoral contest was at the 1945 general election, in the Labour-held constituency of Manchester Platting. Labour held the seat with a majority of over 7,000.
# Pass It Around (song)

"Pass It Around" is the debut single by British rock band Smokie. It was released on 21 March 1975 as the only single from the album of the same name.
Although the single was promoted on various TV shows, it didn't make it into BBC Radio 1 rotation. The problem was the censors, who thought that the ambiguous lyrics and the band's name could be seen as a reference to smoking marijuana, it failed to chart in the UK.
# Mohamed Amin Jhinaoui

Mohamed Amin Jhinaoui (born 2 April 1997) is a Tunisian runner who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

## Career

A member of the Athletic Club 96, in Bolzano, Italy he ran a new personal best time for the 3000m steeplechase of 8:18.43 in Rovereto in May 2022. He lowered his personal best to 8:16.38 at the Diamond League event in Rome in June 2022. He was selected for the 2022 World Athletics Championships in Eugene, Oregon.
In July 2023, he ran a new personal best time of 8:12.19 at the Diamond League event in Paris. He competed in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest in August 2023, where he finished thirteenth in the final.
He finished third in the 3000m steeplechase at the 2024 Diamond League event in Stockholm in June 2024. He competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris in the 3000 metres steeplechase, placing fourth in the final with a national record time of 8:07.73.

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 1500 metres – 3:37.07 (Milan 2023)
* 3000 metres – 7:37.56 (Doha 2023) NR
* 5000 metres – 13:24.10 (Rovereto 2022)
* 3000 metres steeplechase – 8:07.73 (Paris 2024) NR
# Fondón

Fondón is a municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It has an area of 92 km2.
# Peter MacLeod

Peter B. MacLeod (October 26, 1930 – May 29, 2001) was a Canadian politician and farmer. He represented 3rd Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1982 to 1989 as a Progressive Conservative.
MacLeod was born in 1930 in Lorne Valley, Prince Edward Island. He married Glenda Mae MacLeod in 1953. MacLeod was a farmer by career, and also served as a school trustee.
MacLeod attempted to enter provincial politics in the 1978, and 1979 elections, but was defeated both times by Liberal Bud Ings. MacLeod ran again in the 1982 election, and was elected councillor for the electoral district of 3rd Kings. He was re-elected in 1986, but was defeated by Liberal Roberta Hubley when he ran for re-election in 1989.
MacLeod died in Montague, Prince Edward Island on May 29, 2001.
# Sampanidis

Sampanidis (Greek: Σαμπανίδης) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christina Sampanidis (born 1988), Serbian footballer
* Nikos Sampanidis (born 1998), Greek footballer
# Leo Hussain

Leo Hussain (born 1978) is a British conductor, known for his wide-ranging repertoire and insightful programming. Following tenures as music director of the Opéra de Rouen and the Salzburger Landestheater, he has worked freelance conducting major orchestras and opera houses in Europe, and is Principal Guest Conductor of the George Enescu Philharmonic. His opera performances have included Bizet's Carmen at the Bavarian State Opera, Korngold's Die tote Stadt at the Théâtre du Capitole, and Weinberg's Die Passagierin at the Oper Frankfurt. He has also conducted outside Europe, for example Capriccio by Richard Strauss at the Santa Fe Opera, as well as concerts in Japan, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.

## Life and career

Born in 1978, Leo Hussain studied at St John's College, Cambridge, and the Royal Academy of Music. He served as an assistant to Simon Rattle at the Salzburg Festival, working with the Berlin Philharmonic which won him international recognition. He was also inspired by Daniel Barenboim and Yannick Nézet-Séguin.
Hussain was music director of the Salzburger Landestheater from 2009 to the 2013/14 season. He was offered the conductorship of the Opéra de Rouen in 2014. He made his Royal Opera House debut in the 2015/16 season, conducting Enescu’s Oedipe, and returned in 2019 to conduct Mozart's Die Zauberflöte.
Hussain conducted Tchaikovsky's Eugen Onegin at the Bavarian State Opera, Bizet's Carmen at the Royal Danish Theatre and Korngold's Die tote Stadt at the Théâtre du Capitole in Toulouse. In the United States, he has led Puccini's Tosca at the San Francisco Opera and Capriccio by Richard Strauss at the Santa Fe Opera. Productions at the Oper Frankfurt have included the double bill of Ravel's L'heure espagnole and de Falla's La vida breve, as well as Weinberg's Die Passagierin in 2015. A reviewer of Weinberg's opera – concerning a concentration-camp survivor and her former female guard – noted that Hussain excelled in realising numerous aspects of the score, including chamber music moments, hard cutting beats in the percussion, and distorted parodies of entertainment music, in the tradition of Mahler and Shostakovich. Hussain returned in the 2021/22 season for Cimarosa's L'Italiana in Londra.
Hussain conducted Britten's The Rape of Lucretia at the Glyndebourne Festival, and Alban Berg's Wozzeck and Schönberg's Gurrelieder for the George Enescu Festival.
In concert, Hussain has conducted the Mozarteum Orchester at the Salzburg Festival, Vienna Radio Symphony, Bamberg Symphony Orchestra, Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin and Orchestre Philharmonique du Luxembourg in Europe, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra in Australia, the Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra in New Zealand, the NHK Symphony Orchestra and the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra at the Tokyo Spring Festival, and the Pacific Symphony and the Oregon Symphony Orchestra in the United States.
# This Ole House (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Record Mirror | |
This Ole House is a 1980/1981 album by Welsh rock and roll singer Shakin' Stevens. The album was originally released in October 1980 under the name Marie, Marie but failed to chart. When single "This Ole House" reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart the album was re-issued in March 1981 with the new title and song added, peaking at No. 2 in the UK Albums Chart.

## Background

The album was originally released in October 1980 on the back of his first top 20 hit "Marie, Marie". However, a later single "This Ole House" became a much bigger hit, peaking at No. 1 for three weeks in March 1981. The album was quickly re-issued with the same cover but now under the title This Ole House. It peaked at No. 2, giving Stevens' his first top ten album. It spent 28 weeks on the UK Charts and was certified Gold by the BPI. The album also contains earlier singles "Hey Mae" and "Shooting Gallery".
"Marie, Marie" is a song by Dave Alvin and his band The Blasters, released on their 1980 album American Music.
"This Ole House" replaced the song "Two Hearts" (later titled "Two Hearts Two Kisses") from the original album. The album retained most of the same musicians from the Take One! (1980) album, with the addition of Welsh guitarist (and ex-member of Stevens' previous backing group the Sunsets) Mickey Gee.
The album was re-issued on CD for the first time in 2009 as part of The Epic Masters boxset.

## Personnel

* Shakin' Stevens – vocals
* Albert Lee – lead guitar
* Eddie Jones – electric guitar
* Mickey Gee – lead guitar
* Roger McKew – rhythm guitar
* B.J. Cole – steel guitar
* Geraint Watkins – piano
* Stuart Colman – bass
* Howard Tibble – drums
* Tony Hall – tenor saxophone
* Sid Phillips – baritone saxophone

### Production

* Aldo Bocca, Rod Houison – engineers
* Freya Miller – management
* Neill King, Nick Froome – assistants
* Simon Fowler – photography

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | 2× Platinum | 100,000$^^$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 250,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Nürnberger Nachrichten

The Nürnberger Nachrichten (NN) was originally a local daily in the Nuremberg-Erlangen-Fürth area. With its regional editions, it covers the whole of Middle Franconia and parts of Upper Franconia and the Upper Palatinate and is one of Germany's large regional newspapers. The Nürnberger Zeitung belongs to the same group but is editorially independent.

## History and profile

The Nürnberger Nachrichten (NN) was first published on 11 October 1945. Its founder, Joseph E. Drexel, was granted licence No. 3 for newspaper publication by the occupying power, the American Military Government in Bavaria. At first, the NN was printed in Zirndorf because it was not possible to find an intact printing plant in Nuremberg, owing to the war damage. In 1945/46 the paper only came out twice a week; from Autumn 1946 to 1949 that increased to three times a week, and subsequently, four times a week. In Autumn 1949, the publishers moved to Nuremberg. It was not until 16 November 1962 that the paper came out six times a week.
The newspaper is published in tabloid format.

## Circulation

In 2001 Nürnberger Nachrichten had a circulation of 325,000 copies. Its circulation was 315,000 copies in 2003. The circulation of the paper was 294,694 copies in the first quarter of 2006.
# Umred Pauni Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary

Umred-Pauni-Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature reserve in the state of Maharashtra in India. It is bounded roughly by the Wainganga river and the Gose Khurd Dam in the Bhandara and Nagpur districts.

## Wildlife

According to a 2014 report, 11 tigers, six leopards are in the sanctuary, in addition to wild dogs, sloth bears, gaur, nilgais, deer and sambars.
Mammal species such as the Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, gaur, blue bull, chital, sambar deer, barking deer, chinkara, monkey, wild boar, sloth bear and dhole live here. The Wildlife Institute of India estimated the presence of three tigers in and around the sanctuary but the number has increased to five, with three new cubs sighted in March 2011. The field director of Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary said the 2011 births seemed to be the first litter of this tigress. "Better protection, good prey base and availability of water are three key factors why Bor is becoming a safe haven for tigers. Now the number of tigers has soared up steadily. The sanctuary now has three resident females rearing 10 cubs.," As per the 2015-16 tiger estimation report, there are five or six tigers in the Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary.

### Birds

There are more than 90 species of birds belonging to 22 families of 12 different orders recorded in the sanctuary. This includes over 10 species of migratory birds and over seven species of endangered birds.

### Reptiles

The reserve is home to over 19 species of reptiles belonging to nine families, of which four species are endangered, namely, Indian cobra, Russell's viper, Indian rock python, Indian rat snake, Chequered keelback and monitor lizard.

## Conservation

Several water management programs have been created by the NGO Wildlife Trust of India.
# Anthony Wager

Anthony A. Wager (24 June 1932 – 23 December 1990) was an English actor and television writer. He is best known for portraying the role of the young Pip in David Lean's 1946 film of Great Expectations.

## Early life and career

Wager was born in Willesden, north London, and grew up in Mill Hill and Hendon. His father was a plumber and decorator. He studied at Christ's College, Finchley. In 1945, Wager auditioned for the role of young Pip in the film Great Expectations. He won the role and was praised by critics for his performance. He won a Film Daily Critics Award for Best Performance For a Juvenile for his role in the film.
After appearing in Great Expectations, Wager continued working in films and television in England. He often lived with the director Brian Desmond Hurst. In the late 1960s, Wager moved to Sydney, Australia, where he continued his career in both film and television but occasionally returned to England for acting jobs. He made his final onscreen appearance in the 1988 Australian television movie The Boardroom. Wager then moved to Bali, Indonesia, for health reasons.

## Death

On 23 December 1990, Wager died aged 58 in Bali.

## Partial filmography

* Great Expectations (1946) – Young Pip
* Hungry Hill (1947) – Young Wild Johnnie
* Fame Is the Spur (1947) – The Boy Hamer
* The Guinea Pig (1948) – Bert
* The Secret Tunnel (1948) – Roger Henderson
* No Place for Jennifer (1950) – Ted
* Scrooge (1951) – Fezziwig's Lad (uncredited)
* Above Us the Waves (1955) – George
* The Battle of the River Plate (1956) – Lookout, HMS Ajax (uncredited)
* The Wind Cannot Read (1958) – Moss
* The Captain's Table (1959) – Tony Millington (uncredited)
* Night of the Prowler (1962) – Det. Sgt. Baker
* Shadow of Fear (1964) – Jack Carter
* The Hi-Jackers (1963) – Smithy
* Be My Guest (1965) – Artie Clough
* Two Left Feet (1965) – Master of Ceremonies (uncredited)
* The Little Ones (1965) – (uncredited)
* Night Caller from Outer Space (1965) – Pvt. Higgins
* Silent Number (1974-75)
* Stir (1980) – Visiting Justice
* Daisy and Simon (1989) – Cuthbert (final film role)
# Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza

Cosme de la Torriente y Peraza (27 June 1872 in "La Isabel" near Jovellanos, Matanzas, Cuba – 7 December 1956 in Havana, Cuba) was a Cuban soldier, politician, lawyer and statesman.

## Biography

He was born on 27 June 1872.
He received his law degree from the University of Havana. When the Revolution began in 1895, Torriente was active in the revolutionary clubs of Matanzas, and in March of that year he embarked for the United States to take part in the filibustering expeditions there being organized. De la Torriente was a Colonel in the Spanish–American War. He represented the Cuban Government at the wedding of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and was conferred the Order of Isabella the Catholic. He was president of the League of Nations from 1923 until 1924. He was conferred the Order of the Legion of Honour of France after World War I.
He died on 7 December 1956 in Havana.
# Municipal Stadium (Fetești)

The Municipal Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Fetești, Romania. It is used mostly for football matches, is the home ground of CSM Fetești and holds 4,000 people on seats. The stadium was renovated several times, most recently in 2023 and in the past was known as Tineretului Stadium.
# Perkins Island Light

Perkins Island Light is a lighthouse on the Kennebec River in Maine. It was established in 1898, as part of a major upgrade of the river's lights — the Doubling Point Light and the separate Range Lights on the point, Perkins Island Light, and Squirrel Point Light were all built at the same time. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Perkins Island Light Station in 1988.

## Description and history

Perkins Island is a small, predominantly wooded island in the southern reaches of the Kennebec River, on the west side of Georgetown Island. It has a teardrop shape, oriented north–south, with the light station located at the westernmost part of the island. The station consists of a tower, keeper's house, barn, bell house, and oil house. The tower is a tapered octagonal wood-frame structure, with its exterior clad in wooden shingles. The lantern light stands 17 feet (5.2 m) above its base, in an octagonal lanternhouse with a surrounding exterior gallery.
The keeper's house is a 2+1⁄2-story L-shaped wood-frame structure, with a cross-gabled roof and wooden shingle exterior. To its north stands a small wood-frame barn, also with a gabled roof and shingled exterior. To the south of the tower stands the oil house, a small brock gable-roofed structure. The bell tower is a pyramidal structure covered in shingles, standing near the shore south of the tower.
The light station was authorized by Congress in 1895, following recommendations by the Lighthouse Board in 1892 that the Kennebec River's aids to navigation be improved. The tower, barn, and keeper's house were completed in 1898, the year the light went into service. The station also originally included a boathouse, which has not survived. The bell tower was added in 1902, and the oil house was added in 1906. The station was automated in 1959, and most of the buildings were transferred to the state in the 1960s. The light continues to serve as an active aid to navigation.
* Closeup of lighthouse
* Bell tower
* L-R: Light, Bell Tower, Keepers' Quarters, Oil House
# Petaluma Historic Commercial District

The Petaluma Historic Commercial District is a 17.4 acres (7.0 ha) historic district in Petaluma, California which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. It is located along Petaluma Boulevard, between B St. and Prospect St.
It includes Italianate and Classical Revival architecture amongst its 63 contributing buildings and one contributing object.
It includes:
* Old Petaluma Opera House, at 147-149 Kentucky St., which is separately listed on the National Register.
* Herold Building, which has "a corner tower and bay windows"
* American Trust Building, a "carefully executed example of a classically designed bank from the 1920s"
* Hotel Petaluma, "the district's tallest building and the only one designed in the Mediterranean Revival style"
* Amy's Corporate headquarters, built in 1941 as a Leader department store, (later, Carither's,1946-85; Couches, Etc., 1986-2007), a 3-storey building that has a rounded corner and other features of the Streamline Moderne".
* Masonic Building (1882), 43-49 Petaluma Blvd. N., 7/9 Western Ave. Brick building with cast iron detailing, Italianate in style.
* McNear Building (1911), 23 Petaluma Blvd North.