# Cape Province

The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as the Cape Province (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as The Cape (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.

## History

When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the original Cape Colony was renamed the Cape Province.
It was by far the largest of South Africa's four provinces, as it contained regions it had previously annexed, such as British Bechuanaland (not to be confused with the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana), Griqualand East (the area around Kokstad) and Griqualand West (area around Kimberley). As a result, it encompassed two-thirds of South Africa's territory, and covered an area of approximately 717,000 square kilometres (277,000 sq mi).
At the time of the formation of the Union of South Africa, South Africa consisted of four provinces: Transvaal (previously the South African Republic), Natal, Orange Free State and the Cape Province.

### Cape Franchise

Before union, the Cape Colony had traditionally implemented a system of non-racial franchise, whereby qualifications for suffrage were applied equally to all males, regardless of race. During the union negotiations, the Cape Prime Minister, John X. Merriman fought unsuccessfully to extend this multi-racial franchise system to the rest of South Africa. This failed, as it was strongly opposed by the former Boer Republics which were determined to entrench white rule. After union, the Cape Province was permitted to keep a restricted version of its multi-racial qualified franchise, and thus became the only province where Coloureds (mixed-race people) and Black Africans could vote.
Over the following years, successive acts were passed to erode this colour-blind voters roll. In 1931, the restricting franchise qualifications were removed for white voters, but kept for Black and Coloured voters. In 1956, the Apartheid government removed all remaining suffrage rights for "non-whites". The government had to appoint many extra senators in parliament to force through this change.

### Partitioning under Apartheid

During the apartheid era, so-called "bantustans" or homelands for the different Bantu nations were carved out of the existing provinces as part of the policy of perpetuating white control over South Africa. These became known as the four independent TBVC States and the six Non-Independent Homelands.
In the Cape Province, the Transkei (1976) and Ciskei (1981) regions were declared independent of South Africa. Griqualand East was transferred to Natal Province after Transkei was declared independent, since it was cut off from the rest of the province. With the 1994 adoption of the Interim Constitution, these homelands were re-incorporated into South Africa, both part of the new Eastern Cape province.

### Post-apartheid

After the first fully democratic elections in April 1994, the Transkei and Ciskei bantustans were reunited with Cape Province, then the country was divided into what are now the current nine provinces of South Africa. Cape Province was broken up into three smaller provinces: the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Northern Cape. Parts of it were also absorbed into the North West. Walvis Bay, a territory of the original Cape Colony, had been ceded to Namibia two months earlier.

## Districts in 1991

Districts of the province and population at the 1991 census.
| District | Population |
| Aberdeen | 8,009 |
| Adelaide | 15,220 |
| Albany (main town Grahamstown) | 69,705 |
| Albert (main town Burgersdorp) | 16,995 |
| Alexandria | 26,651 |
| Aliwal North | 27,486 |
| Barkly East | 12,821 |
| Barkly West | 35,012 |
| Bathurst | 32,419 |
| Beaufort West | 31,726 |
| Bedford | 16,074 |
| Bellville | 269,995 |
| Bredasdorp | 23,076 |
| Britstown | 6,523 |
| Caledon | 79,052 |
| Calitzdorp | 6,759 |
| Calvinia | 18,430 |
| Cape | 179,537 |
| Carnarvon | 9,728 |
| Cathcart | 14,815 |
| Ceres | 47,052 |
| Clanwilliam | 28,144 |
| Colesberg | 15,446 |
| Cradock | 37,144 |
| De Aar | 25,438 |
| East London | 240,474 |
| Elliot | 14,159 |
| Fort Beaufort | 22,793 |
| Fraserburg | 4,367 |
| George | 95,597 |
| Goodwood | 259,620 |
| Gordonia (main town Upington) | 118,623 |
| Graaff-Reinet | 34,440 |
| Hankey | 24,548 |
| Hanover | 4,399 |
| Hartswater | 29,146 |
| Hay (main town Griquatown) | 11,104 |
| Heidelberg | 11,519 |
| Herbert (main town Douglas) | 26,316 |
| Hermanus | 21,610 |
| Hofmeyr | 4,995 |
| Hopefield | 8,822 |
| Hopetown | 11,175 |
| Humansdorp | 43,799 |
| Indwe | 9,483 |
| Jansenville | 9,797 |
| Joubertina | 13,385 |
| Kenhardt | 11,353 |
| Kimberley | 167,060 |
| King William's Town | 29,653 |
| Kirkwood | 30,766 |
| Knysna | 50,420 |
| Komga | 14,142 |
| Kuils River | 133,577 |
| Kuruman | 24,817 |
| Ladismith | 12,705 |
| Lady Grey | 7,530 |
| Laingsburg | 5,781 |
| Maclear | 16,653 |
| Malmesbury | 113,450 |
| Middelburg | 21,737 |
| Molteno | 11,702 |
| Montagu | 21,674 |
| Moorreesburg | 11,159 |
| Mossel Bay | 59,170 |
| Murraysburg | 5,960 |
| Namaqualand (main town Springbok) | 62,536 |
| Noupoort | 8,348 |
| Oudtshoorn | 68,093 |
| Paarl | 136,121 |
| Pearston | 4,983 |
| Philipstown | 8,799 |
| Piketberg | 34,152 |
| Port Elizabeth | 670,653 |
| Postmasburg | 54,790 |
| Prieska | 19,185 |
| Prince Albert | 8,567 |
| Queenstown | 44,469 |
| Richmond | 6,326 |
| Riversdal | 25,021 |
| Robertson | 32,331 |
| Simonstad | 58,323 |
| Somerset East | 29,758 |
| Somerset West | 59,947 |
| Stellenbosch | 73,839 |
| Sterkstroom | 7,687 |
| Steynsburg | 10,593 |
| Steytlerville | 5,341 |
| Strand | 40,096 |
| Stutterheim | 40,119 |
| Sutherland | 3,596 |
| Swellendam | 32,147 |
| Tarka | 9,538 |
| Tulbagh | 25,334 |
| Uitenhage | 182,551 |
| Uniondale | 9,354 |
| Vanrhynsdorp | 12,815 |
| Venterstad | 5,777 |
| Victoria West | 11,910 |
| Vredenburg | 39,908 |
| Vredendal | 28,962 |
| Vryburg | 98,551 |
| Walvis Bay (South African 1878–1994) | 22,999 |
| Warrenton | 22,368 |
| Wellington | 37,432 |
| Williston | 4,177 |
| Willowmore | 10,734 |
| Wodehouse (main town Dordrecht) | 15,540 |
| Worcester | 117,159 |
| Wynberg | 1,101,668 |