OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lorna Doone (cookie)

Lorna Doone is a brand of golden, square-shaped shortbread cookie produced by Nabisco and owned by Mondelez International. Introduced in March 1912, it was possibly named after the main character in R. D. Blackmore's 1869 novel, Lorna Doone, but no record exists as to the exact motivation behind the name.
The original cookie recipe came from the Malloys, Emily and John, who came from County Cork, Ireland, and ran a bakery in Chicago. Emily had created the recipe, but when they closed down the bakery, John sold the recipe to F. A. Kennedy Steam Bakery which had also first produced the Fig Newton in 1891.
A box of Lorna Doone can be seen, in cartoon form, in Mickey's Surprise Party (1939), a theatrical advertisement/cartoon short produced by Walt Disney Productions for Nabisco.
# Athletics at the 1930 British Empire Games – Men's high jump

The men's high jump event at the 1930 British Empire Games was held on 21 August at the Civic Stadium in Hamilton, Canada.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result |
| | Johannes Viljoen | South Africa | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| | Colin Gordon | British Guiana | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| | William Stargratt | Canada | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| 4 | Duncan McNaughton | Canada | ?.?? |
| 5 | Edward Bradbrooke | England | ?.?? |
| 6 | Geoffrey Turner | England | ?.?? |
| ? | Jack Portland | Canada | ?.?? |
| ? | Gordon Smallacombe | Canada | ?.?? |
| ? | Reg Revans | England | ?.?? |
# Algerian Futsal Championship

Algerian Futsal Championship (Arabic: بطولة الجزائر لكرة الصالة) is the premier futsal league in Algeria. The competition is run by the National Futsal League under the auspices of the Algerian Football Federation.

## History

The first Algerian Futsal Championship started in 2017. The Ligue Nationale de Futsal which started to run the championship was created on 15 February 2017 with Djamel Zemmam first president of the Ligue.
In 2021, The Ligue changed the name to Département de Futsal (Futsal Department) with Hakim Medane president.
In 2022, the name of the departement return to its original name, the Ligue Nationale de Futsal.

## List of champions

| Season | Champions | Runners-up | Third-place |
| 2017–18 | MC Béjaïa | Rabie El Djazaïri Oran | |
| 2018–19 | MC Béjaïa | EF Constantine | |
| 2019–20 | CF Bordj Bou Arréridj | Rabie El Djazaïri Oran | |
| 2020–21 | Not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria | Not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria | Not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria |
| 2021–22 | Rabie El Djazaïri Oran | CF Bordj Bou Arréridj | Wifak Rouisset |
| 2022–23 | Paradou AC | Rabie El Djazaïri Oran | HB Metlili Chaamba |
| 2022–23 | Paradou AC | Rabie El Djazaïri Oran | ... |
| 2023–24 | Paradou AC | AC Auzium | CS Ghardaia |
| 2023–24 | Paradou AC | AC Auzium | Nasr Bounoura |
| 2024–25 | | | |

## Performance by club

| Rank | Team | Winners | Runners-up | Years won | Years runners-up |
| 1 | MC Béjaïa | 2 | 0 | 2018, 2019 | – |
| 1 | Paradou AC | 2 | 0 | 2023, 2024 | – |
| 3 | Rabie El Djazaïri Oran | 1 | 3 | 2022 | 2018, 2020, 2023 |
| 4 | CF Bordj Bou Arréridj | 1 | 1 | 2020 | 2022 |
| 5 | EF Constantine | 0 | 1 | – | 2019 |
| 5 | AC Auzium | 0 | 1 | – | 2024 |
# Melvin McQuaid

Melvin James McQuaid (6 September 1911 – 16 January 2001) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Souris, Prince Edward Island and became a lawyer and clerk by career.
McQuaid attended Saint Dunstan's University, St. Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie Law School.
In 1957, he became town clerk for Souris. He served in provincial politics as a Councillor of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island for 1st Kings District from 1959 to 1962, including functions as provincial treasurer and Attorney General.
He was first elected at the King's riding in the 1965 general election, and re-elected at the Cardigan riding in the 1968 election.
After serving his terms in the 27th and 28th Canadian Parliaments, McQuaid returned to provincial politics to become leader of the provincial Progressive Conservative party which was the Opposition party. He once again became a Councillor for the 1st Kings electoral district from 1972 until 1976. After leaving provincial office, McQuaid was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. After his retirement from the court in 1981, he served on the National Parole Board.

## Electoral record

vte1968 Canadian federal election: Cardigan :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Progressive Conservative | Melvin McQuaid | 5,717 | 49.53 |
| | Liberal | John Mullally | 5,623 | 48.75 |
| | New Democratic | Spurgeon Joseph Hazelden | 203 | 1.76 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 11,543 | 100.00 |
# Kaci Fennell

Kaci Fennell-Shirley (born 9 October 1992) is a Jamaican of Afro-European heritage, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant.

## Pageantry

Fennell was crowned Miss Universe Jamaica 2014 and represented Sandcastles on 30 August 2014. She represented her country at Miss Universe 2014. Fennell placed as the 4th runner-up to Paulina Vega of Colombia. She was the first Miss Jamaica to place since 2010 and its second Top 5 placement after 2010.

## Modeling

Fennell is a model from Kingston, Jamaica. She won the Jamaica's Next Top Model contest.
Fennell has traveled to Cape Town, South Africa where she was with Base Model Agency. Fennell did a test shoot organised by INTUIT Concepts with photographer William Richards at the picturesque and fabulous Trident Castle in Portland, just days before leaving for South Africa. She is also on the cover of Nirvana Magazine 4th Edition dubbed "The Beauty Issue" making this her first ever, fashion magazine cover. For her shoot with Nirvana, Fennell's makeup artist was Romero Jennings, director of Makeup Artistry for MAC Cosmetics. She has also been featured in Buzz, SHE Caribbean, Profiles 98, The Jamaica Observer's Style Observer and the Jamaica Gleaner Flair and Outlook magazines.
# Querimonia

The Querimonia (Occitan: Querimònia) is a legal document written in Latin that details the political and administrative autonomy granted to the Aran Valley (Catalonia, Spain) by James II of Aragon in 1313. The valley maintained a special status until 1834 when the queen regent María Cristina forced the integration of the valley with the province of Lleida. In 1990, the Aranese once again achieved a measure of autonomy when the autonomous community of Catalonia devolved power to the local government, giving them control over education, sanitation, culture, environment, agriculture and tourism.

## Rights

The querimonia confirmed and ceded the following rights to the Aranese:
* Free and explicit common ownership by the Aranese of their mountains without tribute or subsidy; with the freedom of pasture for all meadows and fields
* Free use of the forests
* Free use of water, for irrigation as well as mills
* The freedom to fish and hunt
* Exemption from all royal servitude, burden, and imposition
* Recognition of the traditional Aranese convinença and the torneria.
In return, the Aranese agreed to pay a tribute once per year to the king called the Galin Reiau, consisting of a quantity of wheat per resident of the valley.
# Albert Kennedy

Sir Albert Kennedy, KPM (11 May 1906 – 11 October 1991) was a United Kingdom police officer who was Inspector-General of the Royal Ulster Constabulary from 1961 to 1969.
He joined the force in 1924; and was promoted to District Inspector, 1936; County Inspector, 1951; Deputy Commissioner (Belfast), 1954; and Deputy Inspector General, 1957 before being given the top job.
# D. B. Keele Jr.

D. Broadus Keele Jr., also known simply as Don Keele or D. B. Keele Jr., is an American audio engineer and inventor who has helped shape and influence the professional and consumer loudspeaker industries since the early seventies. He is one of the developers of the constant directivity horn design with several patents of Bi-radial horns from companies like JBL, and Electrovoice.
Keele is a Fellow of the Audio Engineering Society and has published more than forty technical papers on subjects including speaker boxes, speaker horns, electrical circuits, computer and calculator aided design, anechoic chambers, interaural crosstalk, and Constant Beamwidth Transducers (CBT loudspeakers). Keele has won several awards including an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for his contribution to Constant Directivity loudspeaker systems in the cinema. In 2020, Keele was inducted in the TEC Awards' TECnology Hall of Fame.

## Awards and Recognitions
### Audio Engineering Society

1975 Publications Award
1979 Fellowship
2016 Gold Medal Award (formerly The John H. Potts Memorial Award)

### TEF/Goldline

2001 Richard C. Heyser TEF Award

### Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing and Acoustics (ALMA)

2011 The Beryllium Driver Award for Lifetime Achievement
# Metric projection

In mathematics, a metric projection is a function that maps each element of a metric space to the set of points nearest to that element in some fixed sub-space.

## Formal definition

Formally, let X be a metric space with distance metric d, and let M be a fixed subset of X. Then the metric projection associated with M, denoted p$_M$, is the following set-valued function from X to M:
   $p_{M}(x)=\arg \min _{y\in M}d(x,y)$
Equivalently:
   $p_{M}(x)=\{y\in M:d(x,y)\leq d(x,y')\forall y'\in M\}=\{y\in M:d(x,y)=d(x,M)\}$
The elements in the set $\arg \min _{y\in M}d(x,y)$ are also called elements of best approximation. This term comes from constrained optimization: we want to find an element nearer to x, under the constraint that the solution must be a subset of M. The function p$_M$ is also called an operator of best approximation.

## Chebyshev sets

In general, p$_M$ is set-valued, as for every x, there may be many elements in M that have the same nearest distance to x. In the special case in which p$_M$ is single-valued, the set M is called a Chebyshev set. As an example, if (X,d) is a Euclidean space (R$^n$ with the Euclidean distance), then a set M is a Chebyshev set if and only if it is closed and convex.

## Continuity

If M is non-empty compact set, then the metric projection p$_M$ is upper semi-continuous, but might not be lower semi-continuous. But if X is a normed space and M is a finite-dimensional Chebyshev set, then p$_M$ is continuous.
Moreover, if X is a Hilbert space and M is closed and convex, then p$_M$ is Lipschitz continuous with Lipschitz constant 1.

## Applications

Metric projections are used both to investigate theoretical questions in functional analysis and for practical approximation methods. They are also used in constrained optimization.
# Ross Young (politician)

Ross Terry Young (March 20, 1962 – April 9, 2021) was a Canadian provincial-level politician and financial advisor on Prince Edward Island. He served as member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (MLA) from 1991 to 1996, representing 1st Kings and sitting with the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party.

## Early life

Young was born in Souris, Prince Edward Island, on March 20, 1962. His father, Ross "Johnny" Young, was also an MLA who represented 1st Kings; his mother was Helen Rae MacLean. He attended Souris Regional School, graduating in 1980, then studied commerce and Canadian studies at Mount Allison University. He later managed a store for several years and was an account executive at the Atlantic Television Network. He subsequently returned to school, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Prince Edward Island in 1990.

## Political career

Young went into politics in 1991, following the death of his father from cancer the previous year. He won the by-election for 1st Kings (his father's former riding) on March 18, and was re-elected in the 1993 provincial election.
Young served on various legislative committees, most notably on the Election Act and Electoral Boundaries Commission. He consequently put forward a private member's bill on May 6, 1994, to change the province's electoral districts to single-member ridings. The bill passed in the legislature and received royal assent on May 19 of that same year. 1st Kings was subsequently abolished due to redistribution. He lost re-election in the new electoral district of Souris-Elmira in 1996 to Andy Mooney by 128 votes.

## Later work

After retiring from politics, Young was employed in financial services, post-secondary education and private consulting. He served as executive assistant for Alan McIsaac, the Minister of Education and Early Childhood Development, starting in October 2011. He also acted as a political panelist on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. A Canadian football enthusiast, he oversaw the re-founding of minor football in Eastern Kings, coaching his hometown Souris Wildcats, and the Holland College Hurricanes from 2016 to 2018.

## Personal life

Young married Mary Rita Sullivan on December 30, 1994. Together, they had three children: Laura, John Ross, and Jay. Young died on April 9, 2021, at the age of 59.
# Roy Powell (musician)

Roy Powell (born 2 October 1965 in Langham, Rutland) is a British jazz pianist.

## Biography

His mother was a historian. His father was a scientist who moved the family from Rutland to Canada. When Powell was ten, the family returned to England, settling in Hayfield, Derbyshire. He had been playing piano for five years after receiving lessons from his father. He attended New Mills Grammar School at the same time as Lloyd Cole. In the 1970s, when other teenagers were listening to The Clash and The Sex Pistols, Powell was listening to Duke Ellington and Miles Davis and buying albums through the mail from America. He attended the Royal Northern College of Music, studying piano and classical composition during the day and playing in Manchester jazz clubs at night. In 1992 he was a member of the Creative Jazz Orchestra. Three years later he moved to Norway.
Powell has been a member of the group InterStatic with Jacob Young, and Jarle Vespestad, and the group Naked Truth with Lorenzo Feliciati, Pat Mastelotto, and Graham Haynes. He recorded the album Mumpbeak with Feliciati, Mastelotto, Bill Laswell, Tony Levin, and Shanir Ezra Blumenkranz. On the album Powell plays Hohner Clavinet through guitar effect pedals and amps. In 2024 he toured and recorded with "This Celestial Engine".

## Discography

* A Big Sky (Totemic)
* Holus (Resonant, 1999)
* North by Northwest (Nagel Heyer, 2001)
* Solace (Nagel Heyer, 2003)
* Peak Experience Trio (Totemic, 2006)
* Rendezvous: Live in London (Nagel Heyer, 2007)
* Holy Abyss (Cuneiform, 2012)
* Anthem (PVY, 2011)
* Shizaru (RareNoise) with Cuong Vu, Lorenzo Feliciati, and Pat Mastelotto
* InterStatic (RareNoise) with Jacob Young and Jarle Vespestad
* Ouroboros (RareNoise) with Graham Haynes, Lorenzo Feliciati and Pat Mastelotto
* Mumpbeak (RareNoise) with Bill Laswell, Tony Levin, Pat Mastelotto, Shanir Blumenkrantz and Lorenzo Feliciati
* Arise InterStatic (RareNoise) with Jacob Young and Jarle Vespestad
* Avian Thug (RareNoise) with Graham Haynes, Lorenzo Feliciati and Pat Mastelotto
* Mumpbeak Tooth (RareNoise) with Lorenzo Feliciati and Torstein Lofthus
* This Celestial Engine (Discus Music 2024) with Dave Sturt and Ted Parsons
# First Siege of Babylon (311 BC)

The First Siege of Babylon was a successful siege of one of its citadels, loyal to Antigonus, by forces under Seleucus in 311 BC.

## Context

After the partition of Babylon Seleucus was appointed as the satrap of Babylon. In 315 BC he was forced to leave and, fearing Antigonus increasing power, took refuge at Ptolemy's court, where he remained until he and Ptolemy defeated Antigonus's son Demetrius at Gaza in 312 BC. Subsequently Ptolemy gave him 200 cavalry and 800 foot soldiers, and he began his advance towards his old satrapy of Babylon.

## Campaign

Seleucus marched towards Harran (also known as Carrhae) where he was joined by around 1000 veteran troops, probably a portion of the Silver Shields captured at Gabiene. He then proceeded towards Babylon, which he reach in May. The populace welcomed him, as he was well regarded by them, but a small force loyal to Antigonus entrenched themselves in the citadel of the palace.

## Siege

Seleucus laid siege on the citadel, but eager to avoid casualties, he decided to cut the water supply to the city and began to build a dam on the river Euphrates, which passed between the citadel walls, until it created an artificial lake on the hill, but as the citadel continued to resist him, he ordered the dam to be suddenly broken. In the ensuing downstream flood the walls of the citadel were destroyed and the garrison surrendered after token resistance.

## Aftermath

Seleucus became ruler of Babylon again, however, Antigonus had enough power to recapture the city at any moment, and one of his generals, Nicanor was already on the way. This episode marks the start of the Babylonian War.

## Sources

* https://www.livius.org/sources/content/diodorus/the-beginning-of-the-babylonian-war/
* Chronicle of the Diadochi, rev., iv.7'.
* https://www.livius.org/sources/content/mesopotamian-chronicles-content/bchp-3-diadochi-chronicle/
* Diodorus Siculus, World History, 19.90-93
# Beach volleyball at the 2013 Pacific Mini Games

Beach volleyball, for the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, was held at Kolopelu's Place on Futuna. The competition schedule for this sport went from 5 to 10 September 2013.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | French Polynesia (TAH) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | Vanuatu (VAN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Papua New Guinea (PNG) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Samoa (SAM) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Solomon Islands (SOL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## Results
### Men
#### Round Robin
##### Pool A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR |
| 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 3 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 4 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |

##### Pool B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR |
| 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 3 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 4 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |

##### Pool C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR |
| 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 3 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 4 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |

### Women
#### Round Robin
##### Pool A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR |
| 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 3 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 4 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |

##### Pool B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR |
| 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 3 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 4 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |

##### Pool C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR |
| 1 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 3 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
| 4 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — |
# 1936 Panamanian general election

General elections were held in Panama on 7 June 1936, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.
According to Thomas L. Pearcy, "Instead of supporting the candidate of his own Liberal Doctrinaire Party (Domingo Díaz Arosemena), the President Harmodio Arias Madrid supported Juan Demóstenes Arosemena Barreati, his minister of foreign relations. Arosemena continued to function as part of the administration throughout his campaign. With President Harmodio Arias as his political patron, Arosemena stuck to his controversial (and unconstitutional) candidacy. On election day, the administration distributed duplicate 'cédulas' (voter registration cards), destroyed ballot boxes, detained opposing members of the electoral board, and concocted 'el paquetazo de Veraguas'. The result was a high voter turnout that exceeded all predictions – and possibilities – and brought Arosemena to the presidency despite his constitutional ineligibility."

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Votes | % |
| | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena | National Coalition | | National Revolutionary Party | 41,747 | 46.91 |
| | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena | National Coalition | | Chiarista Liberal Party | 41,747 | 46.91 |
| | Juan Demóstenes Arosemena | National Coalition | | Conservative Party | 41,747 | 46.91 |
| | Domingo Díaz Arosemena | Popular Front | | Liberal Doctrinaire Party | 39,982 | 44.93 |
| | Domingo Díaz Arosemena | Popular Front | | Liberal Renewal Party | 39,982 | 44.93 |
| | Domingo Díaz Arosemena | Popular Front | | Liberal Democratic Party | 39,982 | 44.93 |
| | Domingo Díaz Arosemena | Popular Front | | Socialist Party | 39,982 | 44.93 |
| | Belisario Porras Barahona | United Liberal Party | United Liberal Party | United Liberal Party | 7,268 | 8.17 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | 88,997 | 100.00 |
| Source: The New International Year Book for the Year |||||||

### National Assembly

| Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Seats |
| | National Coalition | | National Revolutionary Party | 9 |
| | National Coalition | | Chiarista Liberal Party | 7 |
| | National Coalition | | Conservative Party | 2 |
| | Popular Front | | Liberal Doctrinaire Party | 8 |
| | Popular Front | | Liberal Democratic Party | 4 |
| | Popular Front | | Socialist Party | 1 |
| | Popular Front | | Liberal Renewal Party | 0 |
| | United Liberal Party | United Liberal Party | United Liberal Party | 1 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 32 |
| Source: Political Handbook of the World |||||

## Aftermath

President Arosemena died on 16 December 1939 and was briefly succeeded by Ezequiel Fernández Jaén who was his second Vice-President while the first one, Augusto Samuel Boyd, left Washington where he was acting as Panamanian ambassador, came to Panama.