# Sukumo, Kōchi

Sukumo (宿毛市, Sukumo-shi) is a city located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2022, the city had an estimated population of 19,292 in 9966 households, and a population density of 67 persons per km². The total area of the city is 286.20 square kilometres (110.50 sq mi).

## Geography

Sukumo is located in far western Kochi Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. The islands of Okinoshima and Urugushima are within Sukomo city limits despite being geographically closer to neighboring Ōtsuki; these are the only inhabited islands located fully within the prefecture. Parts of the city are within the borders of the Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park.

### Neighbouring municipalities

Ehime Prefecture
* Ainan
* Uwjima
Kōchi Prefecture
* Mihara
* Ōtsuki
* Shimanto City
* Tosashimizu

### Climate

Sukumo has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot, humid summers and cool winters. There is significant precipitation throughout the year, especially during June and July. The average annual temperature in Sukumo is 17.2 °C (63.0 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,093.1 mm (82.41 in) with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.4 °C (81.3 °F), and lowest in January, at around 7.4 °C (45.3 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Sukumo was 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) on 15 August 2020; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −5.3 °C (22.5 °F) on 27 February 1981.
Climate data for Sukumo (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1943−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.9 (73.2) | 25.9 (78.6) | 27.8 (82.0) | 32.7 (90.9) | 33.1 (91.6) | 37.3 (99.1) | 39.5 (103.1) | 35.9 (96.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 27.6 (81.7) | 24.3 (75.7) | 39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.1 (68.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 25.8 (78.4) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.1 (66.4) | 14.0 (57.2) | 21.4 (70.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.2 (52.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 17.2 (63.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 6.6 (43.9) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 21.3 (70.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.3 (50.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | 13.4 (56.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) | −5.3 (22.5) | −3.7 (25.3) | −0.2 (31.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 11.3 (52.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | −0.1 (31.8) | −3.3 (26.1) | −5.3 (22.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 65.1 (2.56) | 90.4 (3.56) | 135.9 (5.35) | 157.0 (6.18) | 194.6 (7.66) | 328.6 (12.94) | 275.1 (10.83) | 245.3 (9.66) | 254.3 (10.01) | 168.3 (6.63) | 102.2 (4.02) | 76.3 (3.00) | 2,093.1 (82.41) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | trace | 4 (1.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.2 | 8.2 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 13.7 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 111.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 63 | 65 | 67 | 72 | 80 | 80 | 78 | 77 | 73 | 70 | 66 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.8 | 159.8 | 184.5 | 194.4 | 194.8 | 134.4 | 196.6 | 221.0 | 173.3 | 182.2 | 163.1 | 153.5 | 2,115.5 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Sukumo in 2020 is 19,033 people. Sukumo has been conducting censuses since 1920.

## History

As with all of Kōchi Prefecture, the area of Sukumo was part of ancient Tosa Province. During the Edo period, the area was part of the holdings of Tosa Domain ruled by the Yamauchi clan from their seat at Kōchi Castle, and Sukumo itself was a castle town centered on an outlying fortification of the domain. Following the Meiji restoration, the village of Sukumo within Hata District, Kōchi with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. It was elevated to town status on December 20, 1899. On March 31, 1954, Tsukumo merged with the neighboring town of Kozukuchi and the villages of Hashigama, Hirata, Yamana, and Okinoshima to form the city of Sukumo.

## Government

Sukumo has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 14 members. Sukumo, together with Ōtsuki and Mihara contributes two members to the Kōchi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kōchi 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Sukumo is a regional commercial center, with a local economy is dominated by agriculture, forestry and commercial fishing.

## Education

Sukumo City has eight public elementary schools and six public middle schools operated by the city government, and two public high schools operated by the Kōchi Prefectural Board of Education. Kōchi Prefecture and Ehime Prefecture also jointly one middle and one high school.

## Transportation
### Railway

Tosa Kuroshio Railway Sukumo Line
* Kōgyōdanchi - Hirata - Higashi-Sukumo - Sukumo

### Highway

* National Route 56
* National Route 321

## Local attractions

* Enkōji, the 39th temple in the Shikoku Pilgrimage
* Sukumo Shell Mound, a National Historic Site

## Noted people from Sukumo

* Azusa Ono, intellectual, jurist and politician during the Meiji era.
* Hayashi Yūzō, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.

## Gallery

* Sukumo station
* Stone wall of Sukumo castle
* Sukumo Credit union
* Enkō-ji