OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josephat Obi Oguejiofor

Josephat Obi Oguejiofor // is a professor of Philosophy and Director of the School of General Studies, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. His areas of interest include African philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy, metaphysics, analytic philosophy, philosophy of time, and philosophy and governance in Africa. He is an ordained Catholic priest.

## Background

Born in Nigeria, Oguejiofor graduated from Bigard Memorial Seminary with a First Class Honours in Philosophy. He studied at the University of London, and has a PhD in philosophy from Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium. He started his lecturing career in 1987 at the Seat of Wisdom Major Seminary, Nigeria. Oguejiofor has been invited to lecture at the Catholic University of Louvain (1992–1994), and at the Institute of African Studies, University of Cologne, Germany (2001–2002). He was ordained a Catholic priest on August 15, 1986, at the Archdiocese of Onitsha, Nigeria.
Oguejiofor is a past president of the Nigerian Philosophical Association, the Catholic Theological Association of Nigeria, and the International Society for African Philosophy and Studies. He was the editor-in-chief of UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities and OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies.

## Works

Oguejiofor has written and co-written numerous books and journal articles. In 2001, he authored a book, The Philosophical Significance of Immortality in Thomas Aquinas. It was reviewed in The Review of Metaphysics by Leo J. Elders, who wrote, "Much research went into this clear and well-written book and the author shows a good acquaintance with the relevant literature."
Oguejiofor has written on the subject of democracy and governance. In one essay, "Democracy and Social Movements: In Search of the Democratic Ideal", he specified three characteristics necessary for democracy to remain feasible in a given society. He wrote that the society must have a system to change the government, that people must be able to vote and to pursue political goals in such a system, and that citizens must feel connected with that system.
# Botanical Society of America

The Botanical Society of America (BSA) represents professional and amateur botanists, researchers, educators and students in over 80 countries of the world. It functions as a United States nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership society.

## History

The society was first established in 1893 as an outgrowth from the Botanical Club of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at a meeting in Rochester, New York, on August 22, 1892. The organizing principles of the society were the enhancement of the study of plants in North America and to professionalize such efforts. In 1906, the organization merged with the Society for Plant Morphology and Physiology and the American Mycological Society.

## Sections

The society has 16 special interest sections:
* Bryological and lichenological
* Developmental and Structural
* Ecological
* Economic
* Genetics
* Historical
* Microbiological
* Mycological
* Paleobotanical
* Phycological
* Physiological
* Phytochemical
* Pteridological
* Systematic
* Teaching
* Tropical biology

## Former presidents

Former presidents of the society have included:
* William Trelease - Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the first president of the society
* Nathaniel Lord Britton - Cofounder of the New York Botanical Garden
* Margaret Clay Ferguson - Head of the Department of Botany at Wellesley College and the first female president of the society
* William Francis Ganong - Professor of Botany, Smith College and historian and cartographer of New Brunswick
* Albert S. Hitchcock - Chief Botanist for the USDA
* William Chambers Coker - Founder of the Coker Arboretum at the University of North Carolina
* Katherine Esau - National Medal of Science recipient and namesake of the Katherine Esau Award in structural and developmental biology
* Vernon Cheadle - Chancellor of the University of California, Santa Barbara
* G. Ledyard Stebbins − evolutionary biologist at the University of California, Davis
* Peter H. Raven - Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden
* Loren Rieseberg - Professor of Botany at the University of British Columbia

## Publications

The society publishes the following scientific journals:
* American Journal of Botany, since 1914
* Plant Science Bulletin, since 1955
* Applications in Plant Sciences, since 2009
# Falmouth Historic District

Falmouth Historic District is a national historic district located at Falmouth, Stafford County, Virginia. The district includes 29 contributing buildings in the historic core of the town of Falmouth. Notable buildings include Basil Gordon Warehouse, Customs House, the Double House, Highway Assembly of God Church, old Post Office, Calvary Pentecostal Tabernacle, the Tavern, Tavern Keeper's House, Union Methodist Church, Master Hobby School, and the Counting House. Located in the district are the separately listed Gari Melchers Home, Carlton, Clearview and Conway House.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

## Gallery

* Carlton
* Clearview
* Tavern
# Brady's Bluff Prairie State Natural Area

Brady's Bluff Prairie State Natural Area is a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources-designated State Natural Area featuring a steep, southwest-facing bluff rising over 450 feet above the Mississippi River. Over 100 species of prairie plants have been found at this site.

## Location and access

Brady's Bluff Prairie State Natural Area is located in western Trempealeau County approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) southwest of Trempealeau. Access is via the Brady's Bluff hiking trail within Perrot State Park.

## Description

Brady's Bluff is composed of sandstone capped with Prairie du Chien dolomite. Prairie plants found here include big and little blue-stem, needle grass, hairy grama, silky aster, and rough blazing-star. Several species near their northeastern limits are found here including hairy four-o-clock, prairie larkspur, and plains muhly. Cliff goldenrod (Solidago sciaphila), jeweled shooting-star (Dodecatheon radicatum), and dragon sagewort (Artemesia dranunculus) are among the more rare plants found at this site. Rare butterflies have been documented here including the olive hairstreak (Callophyrs gryneus), striped hairstreak (Satyrium liparops strigosum), and columbine dusky-wing (Erynnis lucilus). The Wisconsin state threatened wing snaggletooth land snail (Gastrocopta procera) has also been identified here.
* Prairie at Brady's Bluff
* Mississippi River from Brady's Bluff
* Showy Orchid (Galearis spectabilis)
# Tripas (poetry collection)

Tripas is a 2023 poetry collection by poet and professor Brandon Som, published by Georgia Review Books, an imprint under the University of Georgia Press by the Georgia Review. His second book of poems, it addresses his Mexican and Chinese heritages and lineages. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 2024 and was a finalist for the 2023 National Book Award for Poetry.

## Background and contents

Som grew up in Phoenix, Arizona with a Mexican American mother and a Chinese American father. His 2014 debut poetry collection, The Tribute Horse, was an investigation into the Chinese side of his heritage.
With Tripas, a Spanish word that "can mean ‘tripe’, ‘intestines’, ‘innards’, ‘trivia’ or the pages of a document," Som addresses both sides of his background. Many of the poems refer to members of Som's family such as his Chicana grandmother, who was an industrial worker at a Motorola plant, or his Chinese American father's side of his family which ran a convenience store, as well as his father, who had cancer. In addressing his multicultural background, Som's broader themes for the book include diaspora, language, globalization, and capitalism.
In an interview with The Hopkins Review, Som remarked on the communal and cultural influences of the book's poems: "They were made in conversation and in translation with members of my family. And they are also attuned to popular and public forms of artistic expression: Ranchera music, Hong Kong and Mexican Cinema, Day of the Dead processions, ofrendas and lowriders, and the murals of José Clemente Orozco and Judy Baca." He also mentioned the historical significance of community organizers like Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez and cited labor as a "specific intersection of Mexican and Chinese communities".

## Critical reception

The Pulitzer Prizes, upon awarding Som the poetry prize, called it "A collection that deeply engages with the complexities of the poet’s dual Mexican and Chinese heritage, highlighting the dignity of his family’s working lives, creating community rather than conflict."
For the National Book Award for Poetry, for which the book was a finalist, the judges stated: "Full of ease and intimacy, Brandon Som’s Tripas speaks of deep human connection in spite of society’s disconnectedness ... These telephonic poems are as brilliant as the screens of our cell phones and as capable of illuminating the world."
The Poetry Foundation lauded and observed Som's observation of "histories, plural". London Review of Books wrote "Tripas belongs to the literature of the border and the Southwest, to the still under-studied poetics of the polyglot melting pot. It is, of course, Asian American poetry and Xicano/a, or Mexican American, poetry too."
# 451 BC

Year 451 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Augurinus and the First year of the decemviri (or, less frequently, year 303 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 451 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe, for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* The Persian fleet moves against a rebellious Cyprus to restore order. Kimon, who returns to favour, though not to power, in Athens, plans an expedition to help Cyprus. He gains Pericles' support.
* An Athenian law sponsored by Pericles is passed giving citizenship only to those born of Athenian parents. This marks an end to the policy where residents who were from other cities could be given an honourable status.
* Hostilities among the Greek states come to a formal end with the agreement to the Five Years' Truce. Kimon negotiates a five year truce with Sparta, in which Athens agrees to abandon its alliance with Argos, while Sparta promises to give up its alliance with Thebes. During the same year Argos signs the first "Thirty-Years Peace" with Sparta.

#### Roman Republic

* Following the report of a three-man commission into the design of Roman law, the patricians set up in Rome a Board of Ten, the Decemviri. The first Decemviri, composed entirely of patricians is led by consuls Appius Claudius Crassus and Titus Genucius Augurinus. The first ten codes of the Roman Law of the Twelve Tables are completed by the first Decemvirate.
# Andrew Hayles

Andrew Hayles (born March 4, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Alabama State Hornets before playing professionally in Spain and in the American Basketball Association (ABA)
Hayles is from Mobile, Alabama. He attended LeFlore Magnet High School where he was a standout basketball player, which eventually landed him a scholarship to play for Alabama State University. During his college career, which spanned between 2005–06 and 2008–09, he led the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) in numerous statistical categories. As a junior, he was first in effective field goal percentage (.545) and turnover percentage (10.5%). For his solid season, Hayles was named the Southwestern Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year in 2007–08. As a senior, Hayles led the SWAC in made three-point field goals (70) and attempts (189). Also during his senior year he scored 13.7 points per game, which was good for eighth in the league, as he led the Hornets to a berth in the 2009 NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round.
Following his time at Alabama State, Hayles played in Spain during the 2009–10 season for AD Torreforta of the LEB Plata, where he averaged 10 points per game. His next playing stint came during the 2013–14 season with the Montgomery Blackhawks of the ABA, where he averaged 28 points per game. In November 2017, he spent preseason with the Windsor Express of the National Basketball League of Canada.
# Marvin Singleton

Marvin A Singleton (born October 7, 1939) is an American politician who served in the Missouri Senate from the 32nd district from 1990 to 2003.
# Alexander von Bock

Alexander Friedrich von Bock, russified as Aleksandr Romanovich von Bok (Russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович фон Бок; 7 June 1829, Reastvere, Estonia (then part of Russian Empire) - 17 August 1895, Saint Petersburg) was a Baltic German sculptor and art professor.

## Biography

From 1850 to 1857, he studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts, where his primary instructor was Peter Clodt. During his time there, he received several awards. Upon graduating, he was presented with a large gold medal for his bas-relief depicting the crucifixion of Jesus. He was also named an "Artist First-Class". The following year, he was given a stipend to study abroad. From then until 1864, he spent time in Germany, France and Italy.
Upon returning, he was named "Professor of Sculpture", for the figures of Psyche and Cupid that he created while in Rome. Both works were purchased by Tsar Alexander II, and placed in the Hermitage. The following year, he was elected a member of the faculty in the sculpture department at the academy; in 1883, he was promoted to first-degree professor in 1883. He taught at the academy, and was a member of its governing council, until his final years; due to his declining health and amidst the academical reform, Bock retired from the Imperial Academy in July 1894. Bock's most notable pupils were Vladimir Beklemishev and Hugo Salemann [ru] who, albeit arguing with their master, eventually succeeded him at the reformed Academy; his students also included Robert Bach [ru] and Maria Dillon, as well as the pioneering Estonian sculptors, Amandus Adamson and August Weizenberg. Ilya Gintsburg [ru] and Leonid Sherwood, sometimes written as Bock's students, never considered themselves as such, however.
In 1880, he offered several of his works to the academy's museum, including the cast for a colossal bust of Catherine the Great.
One of his best known works was a tinned plaster figure of Minerva, surrounded by young genii, representing the various arts. Designed for the academy's dome, it was installed there in 1885. It was demolished following a fire only fifteen years later. The original models were preserved, and it was restored as bronze in 2003.
# Lickleyhead Castle

Lickleyhead Castle is a well-restored L-plan castle, dating from around 1600, a little south of Auchleven, by the banks of the Gadie Burn, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Alternative spellings are Licklihead and Licklyhead Castle.

## History

The estate originally belonged to Clan Leslie, but William Leith, who had twice been Provost of Aberdeen, acquired it from George Leslie in the 13th century. It remained in that family until, in 1625, Patrick Leith sold it to William Forbes of Leslie, who is thought to have restored the main element of the building, perhaps with the help of John Bell of Aberdeen.
While residing in the house, William Forbes, illegitimate son of John Forbes, accidentally shot off his hand. This was believed to be a judgment on him for the murder of Alexander Irvine, who was thought to be a supporter of the Marquess of Montrose. After the Restoration, he was executed for the crime.
The house was owned by the Hays for a period from the end of the 17th century.
Patrick Duff of Craigston purchased the castle in 1723. He and his son built a new wing to the castle and remodelled its interior. There were further additions during the 1820s by Henry Lumsden, after he acquired the property from the Ogilvy-Maitland family.
The castle was the seat of the lairds of Premney.
Don Guillermo de Landa y Escandon, the Governor of Mexico City, purchased the castle for his daughter Maria Luiz in 1922 when she married a Leslie. Her great-granddaughter Rose Leslie, the actress, lived at Lickleyhead Castle when young. The castle was repossessed from her father in 2018 after a dispute about repayments for a loan. The current owners are the Davies family, originally from the Wirral.

## Structure

The main block of the castle lies east to west, with the wing providing cover over two faces by jutting out southward. In the main block, there are corbelled two-storey turrets on the north front, the upper floors having oval windows. A heavily corbelled semi-circular stair turret, corbelled out to square, rises in the west re-entrant; it provides access to a watch room in the wing. The castle has crow-stepped gables. It is harled, and has a slated roof.
The tower rises to three storeys, with an attic and a garret. While it has no gun loops, it has twelve shot holes. There are decorated pediments.
There is a vaulted basement, with a kitchen and cellar, lit by slit windows; this is accessed by the entrance in the main re-entrant angle to the south. Narrowing turnpike stairs give access to the first floor; ascent afterwards is by the turret stair. There is an excellent hall.
It is a category A listed building.
# Gibson–Fawcett Award

The Gibson–Fawcett Award is awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry every two years to recognise outstanding work in the field of materials chemistry. In particular, the emphasis is on the originality and independence of the work carried out. The prize was established in 2008 and is awarded by the Materials Chemistry Division Awards Committee. It can only be given to researchers under age 40. The award was discontinued in 2020.

## History

The award is named after Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett, eminent chemists who worked together with Anton Michels on the study of the role of high pressure in chemical reactions. This led to the discovery of polyethylene.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Institution | Reason |
| 2010 | Simon Clarke | University of Oxford | Chemistry of non-oxide and mixed anion solids as new functional materials |
| 2012 | Andrew Fogg | University of Liverpool | Time resolved X-ray diffraction to study the synthesis of new materials |
| 2014 | Andrew Dove | University of Warwick | New biodegradable materials for drug delivery and regenerative surgery |
| 2016 | Rachel O'Reilly | University of Warwick | Polymer synthesis, nanostructures and enzyme mimetic constructs |
| 2018 | Silvia Vignolini | University of Cambridge | Bio-materials and bio-mimetic photonic nanostructures |
| 2020 | Cinzia Casiraghi | University of Manchester | For the development of practical biocompatible inks made of 2D materials and their applications in the biomedical field and in printed electronics |
# Kummariguda, Kothur

Kummariguda, is a village, in Kothur mandal of Ranga Reddy district in the state of Telangana in India.
It is close to Timmapur and its railway station.
# Chad Branham

Chad Branham (birth date unknown) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who competed in the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series from 1995 to 2000.

## Motorsports results
### NASCAR

(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

#### Goody's Dash Series

NASCAR Goody's Dash Series results :
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | NGDS | Pts |
| 1995 | Branham Racing | 50 | Pontiac | DAY | FLO 20 | LAN 14 | MYB DNQ | SUM 15 | HCY 17 | CAR 13 | STH | BRI 15 | SUM 18 | GRE 12 | BGS | MYB | NSV | FLO | NWS | VOL | HCY | HOM | | | 26th | 932 |
| 1996 | Branham Racing | 50 | Pontiac | DAY DNQ | HOM | MYB 19 | SUM 14 | NSV | TRI | CAR | HCY | FLO 19 | BRI | SUM 14 | GRE 26 | SNM | BGS | MYB 29 | LAN | STH | FLO 22 | NWS 16 | VOL | HCY | 24th | 910 |
| 1997 | Branham Racing | 50 | Pontiac | DAY 37 | HOM | KIN | MYB | LAN | CAR | TRI | FLO | HCY | BRI | GRE | SNM | CLT | MYB | LAN | SUM | STA | HCY | USA | CON | HOM | 93rd | 52 |
| 1998 | Branham Racing | 50 | Pontiac | DAY | HCY 14 | CAR | CLT 22 | TRI 6 | LAN 25 | BRI DNQ | SUM 10 | GRE 30 | ROU | SNM | MYB 22 | CON 16 | HCY DNQ | LAN | STA | LOU | VOL | USA 36 | HOM 28 | | 20th | 1155 |
| 1999 | Branham Racing | 50 | Pontiac | DAY 35 | HCY 15 | CAR 6 | CLT 33 | BRI | LOU 8 | SUM 16 | GRE 11 | ROU 22 | STA 11 | MYB 4 | HCY 24 | LAN 13 | USA 11 | JAC 12 | LAN 22 | | | | | | 15th | 1733 |
| 2000 | Branham Racing | 50 | Pontiac | DAY 29 | MON | STA | JAC | CAR | CLT | SBO | ROU | LOU | SUM | GRE | SNM | MYB | BRI | HCY | JAC | USA DNQ | LAN | | | | 76th | 76 |
# Nick Saldiveri

Nicholas Saldiveri (sal-də-vair-ee; born August 14, 2000) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Old Dominion and was selected by the Saints in the fourth round (103rd overall) of the 2023 NFL draft.

## Early life

Saldiveri was born on August 14, 2000, in Waxhaw, North Carolina. His father died when he was two and his mother had to work multiple jobs to support him and his half-brother. Originally from South Florida, his mother moved the family to North Carolina when he was seven. He did not play football until he was 11 as his size and height were too great for Pop Warner leagues. He began playing the sport in middle school before attending Parkwood High School in Monroe, North Carolina.
In addition to football at Parkwood, Saldiveri also played basketball and performed in discus and shot put. Despite being named all-conference, he was ranked a two-star prospect and did not receive many offers. He was noticed by an assistant coach at Old Dominion University and was given a scholarship offer, which he accepted.

## College career

Saldiveri redshirted as a freshman at Old Dominion in 2018, only appearing in three games. He appeared on a total of 85 snaps switching between left and right tackle, not allowing a single quarterback hurry. He became a full-time starter the following year, appearing in 11 games while allowing 22 hurries, two quarterback hits and four sacks. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Saldiveri returned in 2021 and started all 13 games at right tackle, being named honorable mention all-Sun Belt Conference while allowing 13 hurries, two hits and five sacks. He also helped lead the Monarchs to a bowl game appearance in the Myrtle Beach Bowl, after closing out the regular season with 5 straight wins. Saldiveri started 11 games in 2022, 10 at right tackle and the other at right guard, allowing 16 hurries, three hits and no sacks while earning second-team all-conference honors. He was also named a team captain by his peers. Saldiveri played in the 2023 Senior Bowl after the season.

## Professional career

Saldiveri was a top-ten performer at his position class in the 2023 NFL Combine in the vertical jump, broad jump and 20-yard shuttle drills.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 6+1⁄4 in (1.99 m) | 318 lb (144 kg) | 33+1⁄4 in (0.84 m) | 10+1⁄4 in (0.26 m) | 5.21 s | 1.80 s | 2.95 s | 4.69 s | 31.0 in (0.79 m) | 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m) | 24 reps |
| All values from the NFL Combine |||||||||||
Saldiveri was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the fourth round (103rd overall) of the 2023 NFL draft. As a rookie, he appeared in four games.