OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Springdale, Montana

Springdale is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Park County, Montana, United States. Its population was 42 at the 2010 census. The community is located near Interstate 90 and the Yellowstone River. Springdale has its own ZIP code, 59082.

## History

The community was founded in the area of a hot spring by rancher Cyrus B. Mendenhall in 1882. Springdale had a post office from 1885 until 2004.

## Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Springdale has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
# Paul Hadol

Paul Hadol (26 February 1835 in Remiremont – 26 November 1875 in Paris) was a French illustrator, draftsman and caricaturist.
Hadol collaborated with periodicals such as Le Gaulois, Le Journal Amusant, High Life, Le Charivari, Le Monde comique, La Vie Parisienne and L'Eclipse (under his real name) and with Mailly and Baillard under the pseudonym White.
A former customs employee, he illustrated novels, theater posters, and satire series (Actualités (Actualities), Mon Musée des Souverains (My Museum of Sovereigns)), which portrayed the political rulers of his period.
During the 1870 war he published La Ménagerie impériale (The Imperial Zoo) - caricatures which placed the heads of members of the disgraced Bonaparte family and their conspirators on the bodies of animals. The series begins with the former Emperor Napoléon III as a vulture, clutching in his claws the bleeding body of France. He is described by the caption as cowardly and ferocious.
# Chinna Thambi (elephant)

Chinna Thambi (or Chinnathambi), which means "younger brother" in Tamil, is a kumki elephant from India. Formerly a rogue crop-raider, he was captured by forest officials in Coimbatore south Tamilnadu and translocated to kraal at Varakaliyar elephant camp near Topslip. He escaped and walked more than 100km (62mi) back to the place where he had been captured in search of his family. This elephant was both loved and feared by the villagers.

## History

Chinna Thambi (or Chinnathambi) was born in Coimbatore and began raiding and destroying crops there. Based on the public concerns, the elephant was first captured from Thadagam village on 25 January 2019 and translocated to the Topslip tiger reserve. He was released into the Varakaliyaru forest area. However, in search of his family, he started walking back to its earlier territory and went around the Udumalai and Krishnapuram areas, covering over 100 km (62 mi) in three days. The forest department again returned him back to the forest area but he always walked back. Later, he was captured from Sarkar Kannadipur village (near Madathukulam, Tirupur) and shifted to a kraal near Topslip.

## Kumki

Chinna Thambi was to be trained as a kumki elephant but a petition was filed in Chennai High court against the conversion. The Tamil Nadu government said he would, instead be released into the forest again and would not be trained as a kumki.
However, by 2023, Chinna Thambi (Chinnathambi) was indeed a kumki and it was announced that he would be replacing the retiring kumki extraordinaire Kaleem.
# Emory Sherwood Adams

Emory Sherwood Adams (February 6, 1881 – November 30, 1967) was an American military officer who was Adjutant General of the United States Army from 1938 to 1942.

## Early life

Adams was born in Manhattan, Kansas, on February 6, 1881. He graduated from Kansas State Agricultural College in 1898.

## Military career

Adams served with the 20th Kansas Infantry and in the Regular Army from 1898 to 1902. He was commissioned as an infantry officer in October 1902. He saw overseas duty in the Philippines, China, and France. He had extended duty with the Adjutant General’s Department from 1922 to 1938. This service was followed by appointment as Adjutant General of the Army with the rank of major general in May 1938. Adams retired from service on February 28, 1942, but was recalled the next month. He continued to serve until August 1945. His decorations included the Distinguished Service Medal for service in Brest, France during World War I.

## Later life

Adams died on November 30, 1967.
# Rangemaster

Rangemaster may refer to:
* Rangemaster, a stove manufacturer owned by the Aga Rangemaster Group
* Dallas Rangemaster, a treble booster
* Rangemaster, an overseer of a shooting range
* Ryan Rangemaster, a late model version of the Ryan Navion airplane.
# Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy

Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy (born 1964) is an Indian politician from Telangana state. He is an MLA from Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency in Nizamabad district. He represents Indian National Congress and won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

## Early life and education

Reddy is from Nizamabad. He is born to Rekulapally Raja Reddy. He completed his M.S. in Orthopaedics in 1993 from Osmania Medical College, NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada.

## Career

Reddy won from Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election. He polled 78,378 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Bajireddy Goverdhan of Bharat Rashtra Samithi by a margin of 21,963 votes. Earlier in the 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, he lost to Goverdhan of Telangana Rashtra Samithi.
# Jacques Grange

Jacques Grange (born 27 June 1944) is a French interior designer.

## Biography

After completing his training at the École Boulle and the École Camondo, Grange made a career as a decorator in France and abroad from the 1970s. His main customers included Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé, for whom he decorated the Château Gabriel, in Benerville-sur-Mer. The residence was previously owned by the publisher of Marcel Proust. As Saint Laurent was an admirer of Proust, Grange modelled the house around the themes of his great novel, In Search of Lost Time.
His usual customers include Isabelle Adjani, Princess Caroline of Monaco, Alain Ducasse, François Pinault, Robert Agostinelli, Valentino and Karl Lagerfeld. In New York City, he provided the decoration of jewelry shop of Paloma Picasso, of the Mark Hotel on Madison Avenue, and of the Barbizon Hotel.
His style is characterized by a harmony between traditional and contemporary tastes, with an assortment of styles that follows the line of Madeleine Castaing, who taught him the art of decoration.
In 1980, Grange acquired Colette's apartment, at the Palais-Royal in Paris. He rearranged it in order to make it his residence while respecting the spirit of the place.
# Cult of Luna (EP)

Cult of Luna is the debut EP by Swedish post-metal band Cult of Luna, released through Hydra Head Records in 2001 as a 7" vinyl.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Cult of Luna.
* "Unfold the Inside" – 6:10
* "The Art of Self Extermination" – 6:02
# Military compensation

Military pay or military compensation is the pay system whereby members of the military are compensated for their participation in the military.
As parts of government pay systems, military pay typically does not compete with private military compensation.
Because military service requires fit soldiers and commitments that might reach well beyond civilian employment, governments typically provided additional health care, military housing and retirement or veteran's benefits.

## International pay differences

Basic annual pay to rank in US dollars for the minimum per rank excluding all additional allowances, bonuses and benefits:
Pay to rank in US dollar :
| Country | Private (OR-3) | Sergeant (OR-5) | Lieutenant (OF-1) |
| Australia | $32,820 | $43,971 | $36,332 |
| Canada | $31,604 | $61,598 | $41,772 |
| France | | | |
| Germany | $33,600 | | |
| Greece | $9,250 | $11,000 | $13,500 |
| Italy | | | |
| Ireland | $30,600 | $41,200 | $37,200 |
| Japan | | | |
| Malta | | | $24,100 |
| New Zealand | $33,200 | $48,200 | $42,000 |
| Poland | $11,300 | $13,800 | $16,400 |
| Russia | | | |
| United Kingdom | $26,000 | $47,000 | $43,900 |
| United States | $23,100 | $28,000 | $41,727 |
* Australia
* Canada
* United States
* France
* United Kingdom
* Germany
* Japan
* Russia
* Italy
Exchange rates used were accurate as of 02/04/2018. Pay ranking does not include additional benefits such as medical, pension, living expenses and bonuses (for example, hazard pay, hardship allowance, field allowance, etc.)
Overall, Australia’s military personnel are paid the highest salaries, based on the fact that their Private and Corporal pay scale goes up to 10 Pay incentives. A Private in the Australian military will make $88,748 AUD (as of Nov 14 2019) without any bonuses after 10 years. When comparing the top countries, Canada came in second place.

## By country
### Australia

For Australian Figures (AUD>USD) used Exchange rates for 18 May, 7:36 pm UTC Australian figures exclude an approximate $13,000 AUD service & uniform allowance, ADF Superannuation, rent assist (approximate $26,000 p.a AUD for Junior officers and other ranks: depending on posting area) and other allowances such as Maritime allowance
# Christian-Democratic Movement (Georgia)

The Christian-Democratic Movement (Georgian: ქრისტიანულ-დემოკრატიული მოძრაობა, romanized: krist'ianul-demok'rat'iuli modzraoba, KDM) is a socially conservative Christian-democratic political party in Georgia, founded in February 2008 and led by Giorgi Targamadze, formerly an Imedi TV anchor who had once been a Member of the Parliament of Georgia and a close ally of Aslan Abashidze, then a regional leader of Adjara. Former Imedi TV journalists Magda Anikashvili and Giorgi Akhvlediani and former Imedi producer Levan Vepkhvadze, all of whom left the station in January 2008, and one of the leading figures in the party Nika Laliashvili also joined the party.
Among its policies is a commitment to making Orthodox Christianity the state religion of Georgia.
At the May 21, 2008 Georgian legislative election, the party was one of several opposition parties to gain seats in Parliament. However the opposition parties as a whole had such small representation, after elections they considered rigged, that almost all the elected MPs renounced their mandates. The Christian Democrat members however chose to retain their seats, and the party became the main opposition to the ruling United National Movement in Parliament, often referred to as the "Parliamentary Opposition."
The party joined the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists in August 2012.
The heavily polarized October 2012 Legislative election resulted in the third place for the party, but a mere 2.05% of the votes was not enough to get any of its candidates to the parliament, and the party lost all its six seats.
In April 2014, after party leader Giorgi Targamadze announced that he was leaving party, majority of party members and leaders joined Nino Burjanadze's Democratic Movement - United Georgia and party practically united with Burjanadze's party, some of party members criticized this decision, party officially still exists under rule of Gocha Jojua.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government | Coalition |
| 2008 | Giorgi Targamadze | 153,634 | 8.66 | 6 / 150 | New | 3rd | Opposition | Independent |
| 2012 | Giorgi Targamadze | 44,293 | 2.05 | 0 / 150 | 6 | 3rd | Extra-parliamentary | Independent |
| 2024 | Irma Inashvili | 50,599 | 2.44 | 0 / 150 | 0 | 7th | Extra-parliamentary | Alliance of Patriots |
# Ernest, Duke of Opava

Ernest of Opava (German: Ernst von Troppau; Czech: Arnošt Opavský; c. 1415 – 1464) was a member of the Opava branch of the Přemyslid dynasty. He was Duke of Opava (German: Troppau) from 1433 to 1461 and Duke of Münsterberg (Czech: Ziębice) from 1452 to 1456.

## Life

His parents were Duke Przemko I of Opava and Catherine, the sister of John, who was the last Piast Duke of Münsterberg. When his father died in 1433, Ernest inherited jointly with his four brothers. Although his father had asked in his will that they rule jointly, the brothers divided their inheritance among themselves in 1434 or 1435.
In 1451, his elder brother William gave him the Duchy of Münsterberg in exchange for his one third share of the Duchy of Opava. This meant William possessed a 2/3 share of Opava.
After William's death in 1452, the Duchy of Münsterberg fell to Ernest, according to the agreement of 1451. Ernest also took up the guardianship of William's children. As their guardian, he sold William's 2/3 share of the Opava to Duke Bolko V of Opole, after 1454. On 8 March 1456, he sold the Duchy of Münsterberg to the provincial administrator and future King of Bohemia, George of Poděbrady.
Bolko V died in 1460 and his heir Nicholas I sold the 2/3 share of Opava to George of Poděbrady. In 1464, George purchased the remaining third from John II, thereby significantly increasing his political and economic influence in Silesia.
Ernest died in 1464, unmarried and without issue.
# Waseda University Junior and Senior High School

Waseda University Junior and Senior High School (早稲田大学高等学院・中学部, Waseda Daigaku Kōtō Gakuin Chūgakubu) is a high school in Japan, located in Tokyo. It was founded in 1920 as a high school affiliated to Waseda University.

## Notable alumni
### Politicians

* Hirotaka Akamatsu
* Tanzan Ishibashi
* Tadahiko Ito
* Akira Kazami
* Yōhei Kōno
* Noboru Takeshita
* Kensuke Miyazaki
* Yukio Aoshima

### Businessmen

* Nobuyuki Idei
* Masaru Ibuka
* Yusaku Maezawa

### Academics

* Fukui Fumimasa
* Tomio Hora

### Writers

* Tatsuzō Ishikawa
* Kosuke Gomi
* Hidemitsu Tanaka
* Fumio Niwa
* Yoshinaga Fujita
* Ashihei Hino
* Mitsuharu Kaneko
* Yoshiki Hayama
* Isamu Yoshii
* Aizu Yaichi
* Santōka Taneda

### Actors

* Takeshi Kato
* Masahiko Tsugawa
* Hisaya Morishige

### Musicians

* Hachidai Nakamura
* Satoshi Tomiie

### Filmmakers

* Takeshi Furusawa
* Satsuo Yamamoto
* Sōjirō Motoki

### Athletes

* Kisshomaru Ueshiba
* Onishi Tetsunosuke
* Taizo Kawamoto
* Takashi Kondo
* Jiro Sato
* Katsuo Takaishi
* Atsushi Tani
* Akira Fujita
* Tadao Horie
* Tōru Mori

### Others

* Hajime Takano, journalist
* Oki Sato, architect
* Daisuke Nanba, assassin
* Fumihiro Joyu, Aum Shinrikyo spokesperson
* Kenichi Hirose, Aum Shinrikyo affiliate
# Shawsheen Valley Technical High School

Shawsheen Valley Regional Vocational Technical High School is located in Billerica, Massachusetts, United States. "Shawsheen Tech", or "Shaw Tech" is a public high school serving 5 towns: Burlington, Wilmington, Bedford, Tewksbury and Billerica make up most of the student body.

## Vocational/technical programs

* Auto Collision Repair & Refinishing
* Automotive Technology
* Business Technology/Marketing
* Carpentry
* Cosmetology
* Culinary Arts
* Dental Assisting
* Design & Visual Communications
* Drafting
* Electricity
* Electronics/Robotics
* Graphic Communications
* HVAC-R (Heating-Ventilation-Air Conditioning-Refrigeration)
* Health Assisting
* Information Support Services & Networking/Programming and Web Development
* Machine Tool Technology
* Masonry & Tile Setting
* Medical Assisting
* Metal Fabrication & Joining Technologies
* Plumbing
# Wenceslaus I, Duke of Opava

Wenceslaus I of Opava (Czech: Václav I. Opavský; German: Wenzel I. von Troppau; c. 1361 – 1381) was a member of the Opava branch of the Přemyslid dynasty. He was Duke of Opava from 1367 until his death.

## Life

His parents were Duke Nicholas II of Opava and his third wife, Judith (born: before 1346; died: after October 1378), daughter of Duke Bolesław the Elder of Niemodlin (German: Falkenberg).
After their father's death in 1365 Wenceslaus I and his younger brother Przemko I at first stood under the guardianship of their elder brother John I, who was the sole heir of the Duchy of Racibórz from his mother, as well as a joint heir of the Duchy of Opava (from his father). In 1367, the Duchy of Opava was divided among the four brothers. In 1377, when Wenceslaus and Przemko had come of age, a new division was made. John received the Duchy of Krnov and the Lordship of Bruntál; the Duchy of Głubczyce was split off from Opava and given to Nicholas. Wenceslaus and Přemysl jointly ruled the rest of Opava.
Wenceslaus I died without issue in 1381, at an age of around 20. His brother Przemko I inherited his share of Opava.
# Thomas Ormsby

Sir Thomas Ormsby, 3rd Baronet (26 May 1795 – 9 August 1833) succeeded as 3rd Baronet in November 1821. He was a member of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and made a single appearance in first-class cricket, taking part in the 1829 Married v Single match.

## Family

His father was Sir Charles Montagu Ormsby and his mother was Elizabeth Kingsbury. Through his mother he was the cousin of Jane Wilde nee Eglee the mother of Oscar Wilde.

## Marriage

He married Mary Martin Slater Rebow (1804-1843), daughter and heiress of Francis Slater Rebow. After Thomas death she remarried to John Gurdon.

## Death

He died suddenly in 1833 while in Cowes on board the Water Witch yacht.
At his death the title devolved on his uncle Captain Stephen Ormsby.
# Te Arohanui

Te Arohanui is the sixth studio album by New Zealand recording artist Stan Walker. It is Walker's first in te reo Māori and released on 17 September 2021 by Sony Music New Zealand and features a combination of Walker's greatest hits re-recorded in te reo Māori and several new tracks. The album was announced on 31 August 2021 and is dedicated to his late grandmother.
In an interview with Newshub, Walker said now is "the perfect time" to release a Te Reo record, saying "It was always meant to be. It happened at a time where there's a shift within the people, within everybody who calls Aotearoa home. Music is the most powerful gift and tool that we have. I feel like our reo is like poetry and waiata. It's something that teaches, educates, heals, uplifts, breaks down and gives people permission to feel in ways that they couldn't feel. Our reo, equally, does the same thing for me. I think it's a powerful time to release reo Māori waiata."
The album title is in honour of his family matriarch, Te Arohanui McLeod (nee Nepia), affectionately known as "Nanny Taini".
# Patrick Sapp

Patrick Sapp (born May 11, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) and the XFL. He played college football for the Clemson Tigers.

## Biography

Sapp was selected in the second round of the 1996 NFL draft. Sapp played for the San Diego Chargers and Arizona Cardinals. He played for the San Diego Chargers from 1996 to 1997, and was traded to the Arizona Cardinals along with Eric Metcalf, the Chargers 1st (#3 overall) and 2nd round picks in 1998 and the Chargers 1st round pick in 1999 for the Cardinals 1st round pick in 1998 (#2 overall). The Chargers drafted with that pick Ryan Leaf. Sapp was the starting quarterback for the Clemson Tigers football team, before moving to linebacker.
# International Business College (Indianapolis)

International Business College (IBC) is a private for-profit business school in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was founded in 1889 by Thomas L. Staples. In 1969, IBC was acquired by its present owners, Bradford Schools, Inc. IBC is a two-year institution and awards diplomas and associate degrees.
According to Peterson's, International Business College has an undergraduate population of 354. Of 825 applicants, 71% were admitted. Per College Navigator, the most recent graduation rate is 71%.

## Accreditation

International Business College is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges to award diplomas and associate degrees. The Medical Assistant Program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. The Veterinary Technology program is accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA). The Dental Assisting program is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association.
# Joanna Furnace Complex

The Joanna Furnace Complex was an iron furnace that operated from 1792 (233 years ago) (1792) to 1901 (124 years ago) (1901) in Robeson Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Samuel Potts and Thomas Rutter III (grandson of Thomas Rutter) and named for Potts's wife Joanna.
The furnace and its associated buildings were listed as a historic district by the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## History

After the Civil War ended, the charcoal-fired furnace was owned by Clement Grubb's son-in-law, L. Heber Smith, a former colonel who married Clement's daughter Ella Jane Brooke Grubb in 1868. It then passed through several hands before Smith took ownership, possibly after the war and before his marriage to Ella Jane. It is likely that the Grubbs assisted with the furnace's major technological upgrade in 1889, when his wife inherited her father's sizable estate that year.
The furnace continued in operation under Smith until it was "blown out" after his death in 1898 at the age of sixty-one. The furnace was acquired by Bethlehem Steel, which deeded it to the Hay Creek Valley Historical Association in 1979. The ruins have been preserved and are open to visitors.
# Foust–Carpenter and Dean Dick Farms

Foust–Carpenter and Dean Dick Farms are two historic farms and national historic district located near Whitsett, Guilford County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 27 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site and includes houses and agricultural outbuildings dating from the late-19th to mid-20th century. They include the John C. and Barbara Foust House (c. 1898), Tenant House / John B. and Lucille Carpenter House, two barns, corn crib, packhouse, tobacco barn (c. 1920s, 1947), Tenant House (c. 1875), Carpenter Lake House (1940s), and Milking Barn.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# Brenden Jaimes

Brenden Jaimes (born May 28, 1999) is an American professional football center for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected with the 159th pick of the 2021 NFL draft. He played college football at Nebraska.

## College career

Jaimes was ranked as a three–star recruit by 247Sports.com coming out of Lake Travis High School. He committed to Nebraska on April 16, 2016.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | 298 lb (135 kg) | 32+5⁄8 in (0.83 m) | 9+5⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 5.25 s | 4.50 s | 7.46 s | 30.5 in (0.77 m) | 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m) | 25 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||
Jaimes was drafted by the Los Angeles Chargers with the 159th pick in the fifth round of the 2021 NFL draft on May 1, 2021. On May 13, 2021, he signed his four-year rookie contract with Los Angeles.