OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Glinka (disambiguation)

Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857) was a Russian composer.
Glinka may also refer to:

## People

* Glinka (surname)

## Places

* Glinka, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Glinka, Busko County, a village in south-central Poland
* Glinka, Ostrowiec County, a village in south-central Poland
* Glinka, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Glinka, Braniewo County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Glinka, Kętrzyn County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Glinka, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Glinka, Russia, several rural localities in Russia
* Glinka (crater), an impact crater on Mercury
# Alfred Charles Hobbs

Alfred Charles Hobbs (October 7, 1812 – November 6, 1891) was an American locksmith and inventor. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1812; his father was a carpenter. He married Charlotte F. Nye (1815-?) of Sandwich, Massachusetts, in 1835 and had four children: Charlotte Hobbs, Alfred J. Hobbs (1843-?), Mary H. Hobbs, and Arthur Hobbs. Both of his parents were born in England.

## Life

   "Rogues are very keen in their profession, and know already much more than we can teach them."
Hobbs went to London as a representative of the New York company of Day & Newell, which was exhibiting at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Hobbs had brought with him his boss's (Robert Newell) Parautoptic lock, designed to compete with, and surpass, the locks available at the time in Britain. He was the first one to pick Bramah's lock and the Chubb detector lock at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and so forced lock manufacturers to improve their designs.
   The lock controversy continues a subject of great interest at the Crystal Palace, and, indeed, is now become of general importance. We believed before the Exhibition opened that we had the best locks in the world, and among us Bramah and Chubb were reckoned quite as impregnable as Gibraltar— more so, indeed, for the key to the Mediterranean was taken by us, but none among us could penetrate into the locks and shoot the bolts of these masters. The mechanical spirit, however, is never at rest, and if it is lulled into a false state of listlessness in one branch of industry, and in one part of the world, elsewhere it springs up suddenly to admonish and reproach us with our supineness. Our descendants on the other side of the water are every now and then administering to the mother country a wholesome filial lesson upon this very text, and recently they have been "rubbing us up" with a severity which perhaps we merited for sneering at their shortcomings in the Exhibition.
In 1854 he was awarded a Telford Medal by the Institution of Civil Engineers for his paper 'On the Principles and Construction of Locks'.
Hobbs became one of the founders of the lock making firm of Hobbs Hart & Co. Ltd. The company started in 1851 and was formally registered as Hobbs and Co. in 1852. By 1855, it had become Hobbs, Ashley and Company. The name then changed to Hobbs, Ashley and Fortescue, with at 97 Cheapside in London, an address it kept for 90 years.
In 1860 Hobbs returned to America and lived in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and went on to hold a dozen patents for firearm ammunition manufacturing. In 1880 he listed himself as a "Superintendent Of Cartridge Factory".

## Publications

* Locks and Safes: The Construction of Locks. Published by Virtue & Co., London, 1853 (revised 1868)

## Patents

* U.S. patent 137,773 Improvements in Machines for Winding Wads April 15, 1873
* U.S. patent 135,913 Improvements in Cartridge Loading Machines February 18, 1873
# Monroe North, Washington

Monroe North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,796 at the 2020 census. The CDP comprises an area north of the city of Monroe that includes the Evergreen State Fairgrounds.

## Geography

Monroe North is located at 47°52′57″N 121°59′17″W﻿ / ﻿47.88250°N 121.98806°W﻿ / 47.88250; -121.98806 (47.882534, -121.987952).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.44 square miles (6.3 km$^2$), all of it land.
# Sinyawka

Sinyawka (Belarusian: Сіняўка, romanized: Siniaŭka; Russian: Синявка, romanized: Sinyavka; Polish: Siniawka) is an agrotown in Klyetsk District, Minsk Region, in south-central Belarus. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Baranavichy. In 2001, it had a population of 1,728.

## History

The settlement is known from the 15th century as a part of the Kletsk principality. It was later a possession of the Hlebowicz and Radziwiłł noble families, administratively located in the Nowogródek County in the Nowogródek Voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was located at the intersection of the Brześć–Moscow and Nieśwież–Pinsk routes.
During the Polish–Soviet War, the town and train station were captured by the Polish 13th Wilno Uhlan Regiment on 14 March 1919. In the interbellum, Siniawka was divided into a town and village, both under the same name, administratively located in the Nieśwież County in the Nowogródek Voivodeship of Poland. According to the 1921 Polish census, the population of the town and village combined was 50.7% Polish, 38.9% Jewish and 10.3% Belarusian.
Following the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II in September 1939, it was first occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Nazi Germany until 1944. A few Jewish youths managed to flee Siniawka to the Soviet Union, and then the Germans established a Judenrat, banned the remaining Jews from leaving the settlement and established a ghetto. Some 600 Jews from Siniawka and some 130 Jews from Zaostrowiecze were eventually murdered by the Germans in two massacres in the fall of 1941 and summer of 1942. In 1944, the settlement was re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which eventually annexed it from Poland in 1945.

## Geography

Sinyawka is located at the intersection of the highways to Klyetsk, Hantsavichy and Ivatsevichy. It is situated 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Klyetsk and 144 kilometres (89 mi) from the capital Minsk.
# Bald Peak

Bald Peak is a mountain top and highest point in the Chehalem Mountains in the Northwest area of the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in Yamhill County near the county line with Washington County, the summit at 1624+ feet (495+ m) is the highest point in the Willamette Valley. Bald Peak State Scenic Viewpoint is a 26-acre (11 ha) state park located on the peak.

## Geology

The mountain range that includes the peak is composed of a single land mass that was uplifted by tectonics. Bald Peak is both the highest part of the range and the highest point within the Willamette Valley.

## Chehalem Mountain-Bald Peak fire

Bald Peak was burning from September 8 to September 14 in the 2020 Oregon wildfire season. About 875 acres were burnt. It was caused by a campfire on private property.
# Barkaboom Mountain

Barkaboom Mountain is a mountain located in the Catskill Mountains of New York southwest of Margaretville. Touchmenot Mountain is located southwest of Barkaboom Mountain and Cross Mountain is located northeast.
# Barto Hill

Barto Hill is a summit located in Central New York Region of New York located in the Town of Fairfield in Herkimer County, east of Fairfield. Sugarloaf is located northeast of Barto Hill.
# Battleship Rock

Battleship Rock is a 5,422-foot-elevation (1,653-meter) summit in San Juan County, Utah, United States.

## Description

Battleship Rock is situated 15.5 miles (24.9 km) west of Bluff, Utah, in the Valley of the Gods, on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. Precipitation runoff from this iconic landform's slopes drains to the San Juan River via Lime Creek. Access to the butte is via the 17-mile Valley of the Gods Road which passes near this butte. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises nearly 600 feet (183 meters) above the valley floor in 0.25 mile (0.4 km). This landform's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Geology

Battleship Rock is composed of two principal strata of the Cutler Formation. The bottom layer is slope-forming Halgaito Formation and the upper stratum is cliff-forming Cedar Mesa Sandstone. Cedar Mesa Sandstone is the remains of coastal sand dunes deposited about 270 to 300 million years ago, during the Wolfcampian (early Permian). The buttes of Valley of the Gods are the result of the Halgaito Formation being more easily eroded than the overlaying sandstone. The valley floor is Honaker Trail Formation.

## Climate

Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Battleship Rock. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone with cold winters and hot summers. Summers highs rarely exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Summer nights are comfortably cool, and temperatures drop quickly after sunset. Winters are cold, but daytime highs are usually above freezing. Winter temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) are uncommon, though possible. This desert climate receives less than 10 inches (250 millimeters) of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.
# Bayle Mountain

Bayle Mountain is a mountain located in Carroll County, New Hampshire, standing above Conner Pond.
# Wakayamako Line

The Wakayamakō Line (和歌山港線, Wakayamakō-sen) is a railway line operated by Japanese private railway company Nankai Electric Railway that runs in Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, between Wakayamashi and Wakayamakō stations.
The purpose of the line is to provide a railway link to Wakayama Port that has ferry service to Tokushima in Shikoku. The line is jointly owned by Nankai and Wakayama Prefecture.

## History

Opened in 1956 by Nankai from Wakayamashi to later Chikkōchō (then Wakayamakō) for rail connection to its ferry to Shikoku. In 1971 the line was extended to Suiken via present Wakayamakō, by Wakayama Prefecture for the expansion of the port and to provide freight access to then planned lumber transport. The section between Wakayamakō and Suiken was closed in 2002, until then freight train had never operated. The stations between Wakayamashi and Wakayamakō were abandoned in 2005 due to few passengers, then Kubochō Station was renamed the "Prefecture-Company Boundary" (県社分界点, Ken-sha Bunkai ten).

## Descriptions

* Operators:
** Nankai Electric Railway
    Category-1 railway business: Wakayamashi Station - Prefecture-Company Boundary (0.8 km)
    Category-2 railway business: Prefecture-Company Boundary - Wakayamakō Station (2.0 km)
** Wakayama Prefecture
    Category-3 railway business: Prefecture-Company Boundary - Wakayamakō Station (2.0 km)
* Track: Single track

## Operations

All trains are operated for the connection to and from Nankai Ferry.

### Weekdays

    Limited express trains named "Southern" and express trains run through to and from Namba, and local trains run between Wakayamashi and Wakayamako. 2 Namba-bound express trains were changed to the local trains to Wakayamashi on October 1, 2012. The 2 express trains start at Wakayamashi.

### Weekends and holidays

    6 round trips are operated; 4 are limited express trains named "Southern" which run through to and from Namba, and the other 2 are local trains running between Wakayamashi and Wakayamako.

## Stations

| Number | Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | Transfers | Remarks |
| NK45 | Wakayamashi | 和歌山市 | 0.0 | Nankai Main Line (Through trains for Namba are available.) JR West Kisei Main Line | |
| | Prefecture-Company Boundary | | (0.8) | | Until 2005 named "Kubochō" (久保町) with passenger traffic |
| | Tsukijibashi | 築地橋 | | | Abandoned in 2005 |
| | Chikkōchō | 築港町 | | | Abandoned in 2005. Named "Wakayamakō" until 1971 |
| NK45-1 | Wakayamakō | 和歌山港 | 2.8 | | |
| | Suiken | 水軒 | | | Abandoned in 2002 |
# Petros Roumpos

Petros Roumpos (Greek: Πέτρος Ρούμπος; 1873–1942) was a Greek sculptor, painter and artist of the 19th and 20th centuries.

## Biography

Roumpos was born in Georgitsi, near Sparta in 1873. He studied painting and sculpting at the Athens School of Fine Arts with professors such as Nikephoros Lytras and Broutos.
Roumpos drew mostly portraits and busts, such the ones of architect Aristotelis Zahos, poet and playwright Polyvios Dimitrakopoulos, Rigas Feraios, Athanasios Diakos and others.
A marble bust that he made of the poet Lorentzos Mavilis is placed at the square of the same name in Athens. The artist used Mavilis' actual traits, due to the fact that Mavilis himself, at the age of 53, posed for Petros Roumpos. The bust was placed at its current location by Athens Municipality in 1938. The same bust exists in three additional copies: in Corfu, Ioannina and at the Offices of Greek Writers.
Petros Roumpos' work includes funerary monuments, such as the one of the family of Georgios Athenogenous (1910), with a seated winged figure, at the First Cemetery of Athens, as well as the Monument dedicated to the high priests in Tripoli, with engraved details of the acts of the Arcadians during the Greek War of Independence. He also created heroons in Magoula, Sparti and in Chios.
Petros Roumpos died in Athens in February 1942.

## Gallery

* "Ceremony" by Petros Roumpos
* "Vlach girl" by Petros Roumpos
* "The return" by Petros Roumpos
* "The wedding" by Petros Roumpos
* "The way" by Petros Roumpos
* Bust of the poet Lorentzos Mavilis at Mavilis square in Athens.

## Sources

* Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Πάπυρος-Λαρούς-Μπριτάνικα, λήμμα "Ρούμπος, Πέτρος", τόμ. 52, σελ. 297, Εκδόσεις Πάπυρος, Αθήνα, 1996.
* Ζέττα Αντωνοπούλου: "Τα γλυπτά της Αθήνας: Υπαίθρια γλυπτική 1834 – 2004", σελ. 93, 94, 98 & 206, α΄ έκδοση, Εκδόσεις "Ποταμός", Αθήνα, 2003.
* Στέλιος Λυδάκης: "Οι Έλληνες Γλύπτες – Η νεοελληνική γλυπτική: ιστορία – τυπολογία – λεξικό γλυπτών", τόμ. 5ος, σελ. 444, Εκδοτικός οίκος "ΜΕΛΙΣΣΑ", Αθήνα, 1981.
# Andrew Buchanan (surgeon)

Andrew Buchanan (10 December 1798 – 1882) was a Scottish surgeon and academic. He served as Regius Professor of the Institutes of Medicine at the University of Glasgow from 1839 to 1876. He practised as a surgeon at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary 1835 to 1862. He was President of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow from 1879 to 1880. He founded the Glasgow Medical Journal in 1928, and became its joint-editor.
# Big Tree (Washington tree)

The Big Tree (also known as the Trout Lake Big Tree) was a massive Ponderosa pine tree in an old-growth pine and fir forest in southern Washington state, at the southern base of Mount Adams. The area is managed by the Mount Adams Ranger District of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The tree was 202 feet (62 m) tall with a diameter of 7 feet (210 cm), and was one of the largest known Ponderosa pines in the world. After stress by attacks from mountain pine beetles its death in 2015 was confirmed the following year.

## Accessibility

From the small farming community of Trout Lake, the Big Tree Interpretive Site can be accessed via Forest Road 80 and 8020. The interpretive site offers the opportunity to view or picnic at the base of the tree.

## Age

Its age was unknown, partially because of rot in its center sections.
Despite having immense tracts of old growth conifers, the State of Washington is one of two states that lacks a state coordinator to find, track and keep current records on important trees.
# Black Dome (New York)

    See Black Dome for other mountains of this name.
Black Dome is a mountain located in Greene County, New York. The mountain is the highest peak of the Blackhead Mountains range of the Catskills. Black Dome is flanked to the east by Blackhead, and to the west by Thomas Cole Mountain.
Black Dome stands within the watershed of Schoharie Creek, which drains into the Mohawk River, the Hudson River, and into New York Bay. The south side of Black Dome drains into East Kill, and thence into Schoharie Creek. The north side of Black Dome drains into Batavia Kill, and thence into Schoharie Creek.
Black Dome is within New York's Catskill Park.
# Black Mountain (Fresno County, California)

Black Mountain, is a ridge in the Diablo Range of southwestern Fresno County, California, south of Reef Ridge. Its east end begins about 1.25 miles west of Zwang Peak, and runs at elevations over 4000 feet, with the mid ridge rising to 4345 feet, westerly about 3.25 miles to Castle Mountain at an elevation of 4343 feet. It then turns west northwest 2 miles at elevations above 3790 feet with several peaks over 3800 feet and one over 3900 feet along the length of it. There it is linked to the next east west mountain ridge extending east from Mustang Peak. The high point of the ridge is 7.7 miles (12.4 km) north northeast of Parkfield, California.
The crest of the Black Mountain Ridge from Castle Mountain to the Mustang Peak ridge and extending west along that ridge is the boundary line between Fresno County and Monterey County and the watershed of the San Joaquin Valley.
The far eastern end of the north slope of the Black Mountain ridge is the source of Canoas Creek.
# Black Mountain (Missouri)

Black Mountain is a summit in western Madison County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The peak has an elevation of 1,503 feet (458 m). The St. Francis River flows past the east side of the mountain at an elevation of about 560 feet. Missouri Route E passes the east and south side of the mountain. The community of French Mills lies adjacent to the St. Francis just to the south of the mountain.
Black Mountain has the name of the local Black family.
# Blackhead (New York)

Blackhead is a mountain located in Greene County, New York.
The mountain is part of the Blackhead range of the Catskill Mountains. Blackhead is flanked to the northeast by Black Dome and Acra Point is located north.
Blackhead stands within the watershed of the Hudson River, which drains into New York Bay. The southwest side of Blackhead drains into East Kill, thence into Schoharie Creek, the Mohawk River, and the Hudson River. The north side of Blackhead drains into the headwaters of Batavia Kill, and thence into Schoharie Creek. The east side of Blackhead drains into Trout Brook, thence into Shingle Kill, Catskill Creek, and the Hudson River.
Blackhead is within New York's Catskill Park. The Long Path, a 350-mile (560 km) long-distance hiking trail from New York City to Albany, is contiguous with the Escarpment Trail.
# AsiaWorld–Expo station

AsiaWorld–Expo is the western terminus of the Airport Express of the Hong Kong MTR. It serves the AsiaWorld–Expo in the northeast corner of Chek Lap Kok, the island on which the Hong Kong International Airport is located.
The AsiaWorld–Expo is an exhibition centre designed to host largescale events located adjacent to Hong Kong International Airport. The Airport Express was extended with a new station at AsiaWorld–Expo to accommodate visitors and organisers.

## History

Tracks were already laid to the site of the AsiaWorld–Expo station when Airport Express inaugurated on 6 July 1998, trains had to terminate at Airport but they were originally used as a turn back siding before the station was built. The station opened on 20 December 2005 together with the exhibition centre, allowing it to be accessible by rail from the central business district and other MTR stations.

## Station layout

| U1 | Concourse | Exits (AsiaWorld–Expo), Customer Service, automatic teller machines |
| G | Side platform, doors will open on the right | Side platform, doors will open on the right |
| G | Platform 1 | Airport Express towards Hong Kong (Airport) → |
| Island platform, not in regular service ||
| G | | Not in regular service |
Like the other stations on the Airport Express, AsiaWorld–Expo contains platform screen doors. However, the screen doors at this station are different from other stations of the Airport Express (except the now closed Terminal 2 platforms of Airport station), as they are designed for the trains of Tung Chung line as well, so those trains can also be used to run services from and to the station in order to increase passenger flow when large exhibitions or concerts are being held.

## Entrances/exits

* A: AsiaWorld–Expo East Entrance
* B: AsiaWorld–Expo West Entrance (opens only during large-scale events)
* AsiaWorld–Expo station Exit A in December 2005
* AsiaWorld–Expo station Exit B in March 2008
# Blue Mountain (California)

Blue Mountain is a mountain in the Crystal Range, a subrange of the Sierra Nevada. It is west of Lake Tahoe on the western boundary of the Desolation Wilderness in El Dorado County, California.
# Blue Mountain (New Jersey)

Blue Mountain is a peak of the Kittatinny Mountains in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The mountain is 1,420 feet (433 m) in height. It lies along the Appalachian Trail in Stokes State Forest, 4 miles west of the U.S. Route 206 crossing, and overlooks Quick's Pond to the south, and Mecca Lake to the southeast.

## History

The name Blue Mountains has had several referents in New Jersey in past centuries. It was formerly the name for the entire Kittatinny Mountains, and the Watchung Mountains were sometimes called blue. In New Jersey the name is now generally restricted to this peak alone, although the Pennsylvania portion of the range is still known as Blue Mountain. The Lawrence Line, dividing East Jersey and West Jersey, crosses the mountain at this point.
# Blue Mountain (Washington)

Blue Mountain is a 6,004-foot-elevation (1,830-meter) mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. Blue Mountain is situated in the Daniel J. Evans Wilderness, 13 miles southeast of Port Angeles and 11 miles southwest of Sequim. Topographic relief is significant as the south aspect rises 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) above Gray Wolf River in approximately 2.5 miles. The mountain's name is due to a soft, blue haze that forms around the mountain in the summer. New settlers to the Olympic Peninsula near the end of the 19th century brought devastating fires started by land clearing and logging activities. The Dungeness Fire of 1891 burned about 30,000 acres, destroying much of the forest around Blue Mountain.
Access is via the 19-mile Deer Park Road, and the summit can be reached by walking the half-mile Rain Shadow Loop Trail which gains 170 feet of elevation from road's end. The trail is so named because Blue Mountain lies within the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, receiving 50 inches of precipitation annually compared to more than 200 inches on Mount Olympus, 23 miles distant. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north to the Strait of Juan de Fuca via Maiden Creek, Siebert Creek, McDonald Creek, Canyon Creek, and Gray Wolf River. The summit offers a view of the San Juan Islands, Victoria across the strait on Vancouver Island, Canada, and on a clear day the eye can see as far as Mount Baker, 87 miles away. The endemic Olympic bellflower can be found near the summit.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Blue Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Olympic Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow. As a result, the Olympics experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

## Geology

The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust. The mountains were sculpted during the Pleistocene era by erosion and glaciers advancing and retreating multiple times.
# Blue Ridge (Hamilton County, New York)

Blue Ridge is a ridge located in Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Towns of Indian Lake and Lake Pleasant, east-northeast of Blue Mountain Lake.
# Boaz Mountain

Boaz Mountain is a summit in the U.S. state of Oregon. The elevation is 3,497 feet (1,066 m).
Boaz Mountain was named in 1879 after Kinder Boaz, a pioneer citizen.