OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manuel A. Alonso Pacheco

Dr. Manuel Antonio Alonso Pacheco (October 6, 1822 – November 4, 1889) was a Puerto Rican writer, poet, journalist and physician. He is considered to be the first Puerto Rican writer of notable importance.

## Early years

Alonso was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. His father Juan Francisco Alonso was a Galician soldier and his mother María de África de Pacheco was a native of Ceuta of Spanish origin. He received his primary education in Caguas and in the Ildefonso Seminary in San Juan. Alonso then went to the City of Barcelona, Spain where he enrolled in the University of Barcelona to study medicine. He finished his medical studies in 1844 and practiced his profession in Barcelona.

## Works

In 1845, he published a book called "El Gíbaro" ("The Jíbaro"). "El Gíbaro" was a collection of verses whose main themes were the humble Puerto Rican subsistence farmer and the customs of Puerto Rico.

## Return to Puerto Rico

In 1848, Alonso returned to Puerto Rico and set up his medical office in the City of Caguas. He also became the director of the House of Benefit of San Juan, until the day of his death. In collaboration with other notable writers of the day, he published the "Album Puertorriqueño" (Puerto Rican Album), which was the second anthology of poems to be published in the island. Alonso died in the City of San Juan on November 4, 1889. He was buried at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in San Juan.

## Poet and journalist

As a writer, poet and journalist he derived his inspiration from anything that had to do with love and his country. Alonso cultivated his verses and gave them a touch festivality. Alonso was also a member of the Liberal Reform movement in Puerto Rico and directed that organizations publication, El Agente (The Agent).
Among his poems are:
* "El Capitan Correa.", about Antonio de los Reyes Correa
* Al Sr. D. José Julián Acosta
* ¿Deseas, querido Pepe...
* Boceto
* Color moreno, frente despejada
* Debajo de una palmera
* El puertorriqueño
* El salvaje
* Es Madrid la villa y corte
* Seguidillas
* Todo el mundo es Popayán
* Verás qué seguidillas

## Short stories

Some of the short stories Alonso wrote include:
* Agapito Avellaneda
* El jíbaro en la capital
* El pájaro malo
* El sueño de mi compadre
* La gallera
* La linterna mágica
* La negrita y la vaquita
* Perico Paciencia
Puerto Rico has honored his memory by naming schools and public buildings after him.
# Camfetamine

Camfetamine (N-methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine) is a stimulant drug closely related to the appetite suppressant fencamfamine, being its N-methyl homologue. It has been sold as a designer drug following the banning of mephedrone and related substituted cathinone derivatives in many countries, and reportedly has slightly stronger stimulant effects than fencamfamine, but with correspondingly more severe side effects.
# Arp 273

Arp 273 is a pair of interacting galaxies, 300 million light years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was first described in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, compiled by Halton Arp in 1966. The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as UGC 1810, is about five times more massive than the smaller galaxy. It has a disc that is tidally distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. The smaller galaxy shows distinct signs of active star formation at its nucleus, and "it is thought that the smaller galaxy has actually passed through the larger one."
One supernova has been observed in UGC 1810: SN 1962R (type unknown, mag. 15.9).
# Atari Joystick Controller TV Video Game System

The Atari Joystick Controller TV Video Game System is a 2003 entry Jakks Pacific's Plug It In & Play TV Games lineup. The device itself is designed to look like the CX40 joystick used on the Atari 2600 and has an Atari licence. It was sold in Europe by Revell GmbH.

## Games list

* Adventure
* Asteroids
* Breakout
* Centipede
* Circus Atari
* Gravitar
* Missile Command
* Pong
* Volleyball
* Yars' Revenge

## Basic Fun version

In 2017, Basic Fun released a version of this joystick called Atari 2600 Plug & Play Joystick with the game list otherwise being the same except with Canyon Bomber, Crystal Castles, and Warlords replacing Circus Atari, Pong, and Yars' Revenge.
# Sulfone

In organic chemistry, a sulfone is a organosulfur compound containing a sulfonyl (R−S(=O)$_2$−R’) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. The central hexavalent sulfur atom is double-bonded to each of two oxygen atoms and has a single bond to each of two carbon atoms, usually in two separate hydrocarbon substituents.

## Synthesis and reactions
### By oxidation of thioethers and sulfoxides

Sulfones are typically prepared by organic oxidation of thioethers, often referred to as sulfides. Sulfoxides are intermediates in this route. For example, dimethyl sulfide oxidizes to dimethyl sulfoxide and then to dimethyl sulfone.

### From SO$_2$

    Synthesis of sulfolane by hydrogenation of sulfolene.
Sulfur dioxide is a convenient and widely used source of the sulfonyl functional group. Specifically, Sulfur dioxide participates in cycloaddition reactions with dienes. The industrially useful solvent sulfolane is prepared by addition of sulfur dioxide to buta-1,3-diene followed by hydrogenation of the resulting sulfolene.

### From sulfonyl and sulfuryl halides

Sulfones are prepared under conditions used for Friedel–Crafts reactions using sources of RSO$^+$ $_2$ derived from sulfonyl halides and sulfonic acid anhydrides. Lewis acid catalysts such as AlCl$_3$ and FeCl$_3$ are required.
Sulfones have been prepared by nucleophilic displacement of halides by sulfinates: ${\ce {ArSO2Na + Ar'Cl -> Ar(Ar')SO2 + NaCl}}$ In general, relatively nonpolar ("soft") alkylating agents react with sulfinic acids to give sulfones, whereas polarized ("hard") alkylating agents form esters. Allyl, propargyl, and benzyl sulfinates can thermally rearrange to the sulfone, but esters without an activated bond generally do not rearrange so.

### Reactions

Sulfone is a relatively inert functional group, typically less oxidizing and 4 bel more acidic than sulfoxides. In the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction and the Julia olefination, sulfones are converted to alkenes by the elimination of sulfur dioxide. However, sulfones are unstable to bases, eliminating to give an alkene.
Sulfones can also undergo desulfonylation.
Vinyl sulfones are electrophilic and behave as Michael acceptors.

## Applications

Sulfolane is used to extract valuable aromatic compounds from petroleum.

### Polymers

Some polymers containing sulfone groups are useful engineering plastics. They exhibit high strength and resistance to oxidation, corrosion, high temperatures, and creep under stress. For example, some are valuable as replacements for copper in domestic hot water plumbing. Precursors to such polymers are the sulfones bisphenol S and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone.

### Pharmacology

Examples of sulfones in pharmacology include dapsone, a drug formerly used as an antibiotic to treat leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, tuberculosis, or pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Several of its derivatives, such as promin, have similarly been studied or actually been applied in medicine, but in general sulfones are of far less prominence in pharmacology than for example the sulfonamides.
# Cyathea holdridgeana

Cyathea holdridgeana, synonym Cyathea albomarginata, is a species of tree fern native to Panama and Costa Rica. It grows in wet forests at elevations of 2400–2800 m, considerably higher than most other tree ferns of Central America.
Cyathea holdridgeana is a small tree with a trunk up to 50 cm tall. Petiole purplish-brown with white margins, scaly but not spiny; scales (= modified appendages attached to the margins of the petioles) bicolored, dark purple in the center but white along the margins; dead scales appearing totally white. Leaves bipinnate; pinnulae 10–12 cm long
# Lions Peak

Lions Peak is a prominent hill in the eastern foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains in southwest Santa Clara County, California. The landmark lies west of San Martin, and is adjacent to the resort village of CordeValle. The headwaters of Lions Creek originate on the eastern flank of the hill, and flow southward before merging with Llagas Creek in Gilroy. The hill and surrounding area is located on approximately 1,400 acres (570 ha) of privately owned lands, and is viewable along U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 152 in South Santa Clara Valley.

## History

The land surrounding the peak, once part of the historic Rancho San Francisco de las Llagas, was purchased by Messrs Lion and Buckley in the late 19th century.
In the summer of 2008, dry lightning ignited fires northwest of the hill, burning nearly 800 acres (320 ha) nearby.
# Agata Pyzik

Agata Pyzik (born c. 1983) is a Polish journalist and cultural critic who has written on politics, art, music, and culture. In 2014 she wrote a book - Poor But Sexy: Culture Clashes in Europe East and West examined the artistic and cultural history of late-20th century Eastern Europe under socialism and its eventual transition to neoliberal capitalism. Her writing has appeared in The Wire, The Guardian, New Statesman, frieze, and New Humanist. She lives in Warsaw.

## Biography

Pyzik was born in the 1983 in Poland, where she pursued academic studies in philosophy, art history, English, and American studies. She wrote for Polish magazines such as Gazeta Wyborcza, Dziennik, and Polityka, as well as music magazine Glissando and smaller literary magazines. Her recent interests have turned toward political aesthetics and forms of resistance. Her study of Eastern Europe, Poor But Sexy, was published by Zero Books in 2014.

## Discussion of Poor But Sexy (2014)

In a review of Poor But Sexy for The Guardian, Sukhdev Sandhu wrote that
   Pyzik wants to reassess the culture of the cold war period, to give the lie to the widely held impression that eastern Europe must have been uniformly dour and artistically sterile, and to explore the heady mixture of fear, desire and yearning that fuelled the imaginative traffic between east and west. [...] Ideas, some more developed than others, tumble from each page creating a kind of swarm energy that's a pleasing antidote to the tasteful mourning found in so many books about eastern Europe. There's an urgency and intensity to Poor But Sexy that's entirely in keeping with Pyzik's assertion that the key cultural feature of pre-1989 Poland was high-mindedness.
Critic Simon Reynolds called the book
   a fascinating and provocative study of Eastern Europe (including her native Poland) in the quarter-century since the Soviet Bloc began to disintegrate, looking at both the realities of post-communist life (transition trauma, precarity, emigration for work, etc) and at the fantasies and misunderstandings that East and West entertain about each other, as figured through pop, fashion, film, and art.
# Huron County Courthouse and Jail

The Huron County Courthouse and Jail is located by a busy downtown intersection in Norwalk, Ohio, United States. The ground floor is composed of rusticated blocks and recessed arched windows. The entrance is reached by a flight of stairs and a protruding portico. Two small windows frame either side of the entrance.
The county's first courthouse and jail were completed in 1819, occupying the site of the present buildings; two later courthouses and one later jail were constructed on the same site before giving way to its present occupants. Both buildings are masonry, the courthouse being a stone Neo-Renaissance structure, and the sheriff's-residence-and-jail being a brick Queen Anne building. A central tower distinguishes the courthouse from the surrounding commercial district, while smaller architectural features include columns in the form known as distyle in antis. Typical of its style, the jail lacks a uniform shape, its roof reflecting the asymmetrical floor plan. Pilasters divide the facade of the courthouse into five bays, and the side into ten, while a prominent belt course divides the first and second stories. A large clock is set into the tower, with a pillared cupola set above. Behind the courthouse, the jail is distinguished by the steep conical roof covering its two-story tower; while the base of the roof sits at the same level as the middle of the courthouse's second-story windows, the conical roof rises well above the courthouse roof.
In 1974, the courthouse and jail were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, one of six National Register-listed locations in the city of Norwalk and one of seventeen countywide.
# Aircraft Situation Display to Industry

The Aircraft Situation Display to Industry (or ASDI) data stream is a service made available through the U.S. Department of Transportation's Volpe Transportation Center. In 1991, data on the location of aircraft was made available by the Federal Aviation Administration to the airline industry. The ASDI stream consists of data elements which show the position and flight plans of all aircraft in U.S. and optionally, UK airspace. Elements include the location, altitude, airspeed, destination, estimated time of arrival and tail number or designated identifier of air carrier and general aviation aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within U.S. airspace. Aircraft owners and operators may request limited dissemination of such data, after which a particular aircraft is deemed "ASDI-blocked", however weak encryption of ACARS data means that in practice aircraft operational data can still be captured and decoded using simple equipment.
A preceding system, the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense network, utilized flight plans matched to radar returns, continuously and automatically, to aid in identifying aircraft. Computer programs recorded the number of times an aircraft deviated from its assigned course and notified appropriate personnel each time a deviation occurred. IBM and MITRE Corporation were the developers of the SAGE system. Much of MITRE's subsequent air traffic control collaboration with the FAA was based on SAGE system developments.
# Sleepy Hollow, Chino Hills, California

Sleepy Hollow is a neighborhood situated in Carbon Canyon among the Chino Hills within the city of Chino Hills in San Bernardino County. The western boundary of the neighborhood adjoins the city of Brea in Orange County.

## History

Prior to European colonization, Sleepy Hollow was exclusively inhabited by the Tongva people.
The modern neighborhood was founded by Cleve and Elizabeth (Heald) Purington on about eighty acres in the 1920s, the community was subdivided into small cabin lots geared towards non-permanent residents. Purington, in 1925, created the Sleepy Hollow Water and Improvement Company, which had capital of $14,000 issued in 280 certificates of $50 each, to develop the neighborhood. Many of these cabins, some greatly altered, are still found in the neighborhood, which likely benefitted from the paving of Carbon Canyon Road (also State Route 142) in 1925. After World War II, Sleepy Hollow began to be inhabited more by full-time residents.
Sleepy Hollow had a cafe and tavern called Ichabod's that later became a store and gas station (now known as Canyon Market) and there was another grocery store at the far eastern end of the community later. Other interesting historical features included the volunteer fire house and community center, now replaced by a modern community center built in the early 2000s, and the community church, which is now a private residence.
A natural stream, known as Carbon Creek or Carbon Canyon Creek also winds through Sleepy Hollow and a hot springs existed at the bank of the creek just along the north edge of the state highway.
As a canyon community, Sleepy Hollow has been threatened several times by major fires, including in 1929, 1958, and 1990, all of which brought the loss of homes in the neighborhood. In November 2008, the massive Freeway Complex Fire burned to the very edges of the community and forced the evacuation of nearly all of its residents for three days, but, incredibly, no homes were lost. The City of Chino Hills has developed an evacuation and emergency access system for Sleepy Hollow and other neighborhoods within the Canyon.
Sleepy Hollow now has about 130 houses and about 300 to 400 residents. While development to the east since the late 1980s has greatly increased commuter traffic on Carbon Canyon Road, the neighborhood still retains a country feel that belies the suburbanization that goes on around it.
# Kiera Skeels

Kiera Skeels (born 20 November 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Women's Championship club Charlton Athletic and the England under-23 team.

## Club career
### Reading

Skeels made her debut for Reading in the FA Women's League Cup on 20 October 2019. On 17 July 2020, she signed her first professional contract with the club.

#### Loan spell at Bristol City

On 3 February 2021, it was announced that Skeels was going on loan to Bristol City for the rest of the season. She made her debut for Bristol in a 3–0 win at Brighton coming on in the 76th minute. Skeels helped Bristol to the final of the WSL Cup in her first start for the club with a 72nd-minute winner against Leicester.

### Charlton Athletic

On 30 July 2021, Skeels was announced as part of Charlton Athletic's squad for the 2021–22 FA Women's Championship. She made her league debut against Coventry United on 5 September 2021. On 5 July 2022, Skeels signed a one year contract extension. She scored her first league goal against Sunderland on 25 September 2022, scoring in the 79th minute. On 5 July 2023, Skeels signed a new one year contract extension with the club. On 9 July 2024, she signed a new one year deal with the club.

## International career

On 30 September 2022, Skeels was announced in the England U23s squad.
On 25 September 2023, Skeels scored against Belgium U23s, scoring a header in the 72nd minute. This was her first international goal at U23 level. On 30 October 2023, she scored a header against Portugal U23s, scoring in the 76th minute. On 4 April 2024, Skeels scored a tap-in after being assisted by Aggie Beever-Jones, scoring in the 47th minute.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 3 March 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Reading | 2018–19 | FA WSL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Reading | 2019–20 | FA WSL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Reading | 2020–21 | FA WSL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Reading | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Bristol City (loan) | 2020–21 | FA WSL | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
| Charlton Athletic | 2021–22 | Women's Championship | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Charlton Athletic | 2022–23 | Women's Championship | 21 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 6 |
| Charlton Athletic | 2023–24 | Women's Championship | 15 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Charlton Athletic | Total | Total | 55 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 68 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 65 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 83 | 7 |
# Skapiškis Eldership

The Vaiguva Eldership (Lithuanian: Skapiškio seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Kupiškis District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 1251.
# Ice hockey at the 1996 Asian Winter Games – Men

The men's tournament of Ice hockey at the 1996 Asian Winter Games at Baqu Arena in Harbin, China, was held from 5 to 8 February 1996.
Kazakhstan won the gold medal in a round robin competition.

## Results

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Kazakhstan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 2 | +31 | 6 |
| 2 | Japan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 6 | +8 | 4 |
| 3 | China | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 29 | −22 | 2 |
| 4 | South Korea | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 21 | −17 | 0 |

## Final standing

| Rank | Team | Pld | W | D | L |
| | Kazakhstan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| | Japan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| | China | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | South Korea | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
# Le Douanier

Le Douanier is a wash-rinsed cheese made by Fritz Kaiser in Quebec, Canada. It is similar to a Morbier. Le Douanier won the 2004 Canadian Cheese Grand Prix. It also won a Gold award (entry class 5316, number 15) at World Cheese Awards 2015. It is a surface-ripened cheese, ivory in colour and has a little bit of a hazelnut flavour that comes out with age.
The wheel of cheese has an edible vegetable line running through its center. This symbolizes the Canada–US border that is very near the Fritz Kaiser fromagerie at which Le Douanier is made. The English translation of the cheese's French name, "Le Douanier", is "the customs officer".
# Sviatoslav Olgovich

Sviatoslav Olgovich (died February 14, 1164) was Prince of Novgorod (1136–1138); Novgorod-Seversk (1139); Belgorod (1141–1154); and Chernigov (1154–1164).

## Biography
### Early life

Sviatoslav was the son of Oleg Sviatoslavich, the prince of Chernigov, and an unnamed daughter of Aepa, a Cuman prince. In 1108, Sviatoslav married a Cuman princess, daughter of Aepa son of Girgen, with whom he had a daughter and a son, Oleg II Svyatoslavich. In 1136 Svyatoslav married a second time, to the daughter of the posadnik of Novgorod, probably named Ekaterina or Catherine, who bore their son Igor Sviatoslavich, famous from the The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

### War with the Davidovichi

After the death of their older brother Vsevolod II in 1146, Sviatoslav and his brother Igor were driven out of Kiev by Iziaslav Mstislavich. Sviatoslav escaped, but Igor was captured and eventually killed in 1147. Sviatoslav fled to Chernigov but was ordered to relinquish his city, Novgorod-Seversk, to his cousins, Iziaslav Davidovich and Vladimir Davidovich. With the assistance of his ally, Yuri Dolgoruki, and his father-in-law, Aepa Khan, Sviatoslav began a war against his cousins, but was forced to flee to Karachev. There on January 16, 1147, Sviatoslav defeated the Davidovichi brothers.

### Death and succession

Upon his death in 1164, his widow Catherine briefly ruled as princess regnant of Chernigov. The reign of Ekaterina or Catherine of Chernigov lasted for a few days, during which she kept her husband's death a secret while she summoned her (step-?)son Oleg to come to Chernigov quickly, and told the city's leading men not inform her brother-in-law Sviatoslav Vsevolodich, who was the rightful heir to the Chernigovian throne. Nevertheless, the bishop of Chernigov betrayed the trust of princess (kniaginia) Catherine immediately, and sent Sviatoslav Vsevolodich a letter, writing that "the kniaginia rules [sedit'] in cahoots with the children and she has many goods." Sviatoslav Vsevolodich soon arrived and made a deal with Oleg, by which the former became prince of Chernigov and the latter prince of Novgorod-Seversk. Princess Catherine is not heard of again until two years later, when she reportedly died on 12 April 1166.
# Slinde Mounds State Preserve

Slinde Mounds State Preserve in Hanover Township, Allamakee County, Iowa, United States, contains ancient Indian mound burials in some hill prairie. About 32 acres (13 ha), it is on a terrace above Canoe Creek, a tributary of the Upper Iowa River, and is approximately six miles from Waukon.
The state acquired the land in 1979. Since 1989 listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It receives its name from the family who sold the land to the state.
It is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa, a region which escaped being glaciated during the last ice age. It is adjacent to the Canoe Creek Wildlife Management Area and the Upper Iowa Access hunting area.