OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flag of New Orleans

The flag of New Orleans contains a large white field that contains three gold fleurs-de-lis and is bordered on the top by a red stripe and from below by a blue stripe. The presence of the fleur-de-lis, a stylized depiction of a flower and a traditional French symbol, demonstrates the city's French heritage and strong ties to France, while the presence of the design being a Spanish fess demonstrates the city's Spanish heritage and strong ties to Spain.

## History

The City of New Orleans adopted its official flag in January 1918, having selected its design from nearly 400 ideas submitted to its Citizen's Flag Committee in preparation for the city's bicentennial celebration. The red, white, and blue flag emblazoned with gold fleurs-de-lis combined one proposal's suggested color scheme with decorative elements from another. The patriotic color scheme was suggested by Bernard Barry, then employed as an engraver at A. B. Griswold and Co., jewelers, and the fleurs-de-lis idea is attributed to Gustave Couret, a draftsman with the Diboll, Owen, and Goldstein architectural firm. The official flag of the City of New Orleans was named by the city council in January 1918.

## Symbolism

The white field is the symbol of justice and the government, the blue stripe represents liberty, and the red stripe represents fraternity. In addition these are also the colors of the flag of France. The white field is five times the width of the stripes. The three fleurs-de-lis grouped in triangular form represent New Orleans under the principles of government, liberty, and fraternity.
# Tõnu Samuel

Tõnu Samuel (born 3 July 1972) is an Estonian hacker commonly cited by mainstream media in topics regarding network security.
Samuel was born in Tallinn. Between 1979 and 1988, he attended the Tallinn Secondary School of Science. In 1990–1992 he took courses in business and financial management. His career as a programmer began in 1991, while working at the Estonian Ministry of Communication.
In 2011 Samuel moved to work in Japan, before that he lived about 10 years in Räpina in southeastern Estonia.
# Yaroslav Dobrokhotov

Yaroslav Mykhaylovych Dobrokhotov (Ukrainian: Ярослав Михайлович Доброхотов; born 1 November 2000) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Podillya Khmelnytskyi in the Ukrainian First League.

## Career

Dobrokhotov is a product mainly of Shakhtar Donetsk youth sportive school system.
He made his début for FC Mariupol in the Ukrainian Premier League as a substituted player in a drawing away match against FC Rukh Lviv on 20 November 2020.
# Bhutanese Nepali literature

Bhutanese Nepali literature refers to the literary works in the Nepali language by Bhutanese people. This started from 1962 with the publishing of Kuensel (first national newspaper).

## History

More than 90% of Bhutanese people used Nepali as a common language before 1960.
In 1962, Bhutan started to publish Kuensel (first national newspaper) from Madi printing press of Kalimpong, India, and Nepali literature in Bhutan had an opportunity to broaden its area. In those days, Nepali articles written by the writers from, primarily, Kalimpong and Darjeeling used to be published in Kunsel. This provided the interest in Nepali literature to the Nepali speaking southern Bhutanese. In the process of developing language and literature, in 1970, the government of Bhutan started to publish another magazine "Drucklosal" quarterly. The editor of the magazine was Gauri Shankar Upadhaya. Gradually, the magazine piqued the interest of many Nepali-speaking Bhutanese. The magazine was published 19 volumes.
In 1984, the government banned the magazine. And in 1987, the government burned all the Nepali books that were taught in Bhutanese schools. The government banned both written and spoken Nepali language. Until 1980, in the process of development of Nepali literature, Devi Bhakta Lamitare's political article "Dankido Bhutan" (Murder of Democracy) (1970), "Kumbhaparva”, “Himachal philosophy” and Narayan Luitel's religious literature "Shivalaya Mahatme" (1977) had been published. Government ban and lack of resources and favorable environment for the study of literature were the obstacles in the development of Bhutanese Nepali literature. In the beginning of the 1980s, Gauri Shankar Upadhyaya was considered as the first literary figure who wrote Nepali literature. He wrote his works while living in Banaras, India.

## Literature in refugee camps in Nepal

Bhutanese refugee camps were established in the beginning of the 1990s. They received food from the World Food Programme (WFP), and clothing and housing from Lutheran Social Service (LSS) and education from Caritas Nepal. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) provided them with basic humanitarian assistance and international protection in co-operation with other national and international partners, including WFP. Later Bhutani Bhasa Parisad Nepal, a Nepali classes for elderly people focused on Bhutanese literature, was established. According to the census of 2007, a total of 107,807 refugees were registered by the UNHCR as a result of a joint verification process conducted with the government of Nepal. They were resettled in eight countries.

## Bhutanese literature after resettlement

By the end of 2008, Bhutanese refugees started resettling in eight countries: Australia, Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, and United States. Efforts are being made by the Literature Council of Bhutan (LCOB) in promoting the Bhutanese Nepali literature.
# The Marshall News Messenger

The Marshall News Messenger (originally the Marshall Morning News) is a daily newspaper based in Marshall, Texas.

## History

There have been three newspapers based in Marshall, Texas: the Texas Republican (1849–1872), the Tri-Weekly Herald (1874), and the current Marshall News Messenger (originally the Marshall Morning News).
The Marshall Morning News was founded in 1919, with the first issue appearing September 7. It was founded by Homer Price and Bryan Blalock.
Several notable people began careers at The Marshall News Messenger: Bill Moyers began his journalism career at age sixteen as a cub reporter, and popular Texas radio talk show host, Mattie Dellinger, had her first job in journalism there in 1953.
The Texas Republican and the Tri-Weekly Herald, both published by Robert W. Loughery, were credited with aiding the election of Marshall citizens J.P. Henderson, Edward Clark, and Pendleton Murrah to the Governor's office and Louis T. Wigfall to the U.S. Senate.
In the Texas Republican, Loughery defended slavery and plantation agriculture and supported the secession of Texas and later the Confederacy. The election of local citizens and the fiery pro-confederate stance of the Texas Republican made it one of the most-read papers in Texas and made Marshall a major political center in Antebellum Texas.
Cox Enterprises sold the newspaper to ASP Westward in 2009. In 2012, ASP announced the sale of the Marshall and Longview papers, along with 12 of its other non-daily East Texas papers, to Texas Community Media LLC, a new company formed by the longtime owners of the Victoria Advocate in South Texas.
In August 2024, the newspaper announced it will switch from carrier to postal delivery.
In December 2024, the paper's owner was acquired by Carpenter Media Group.
# The Master (Australian game show)

The Master is an Australian quiz show that debuted on Seven Network on 16 August 2006. The show was cancelled after its premiere episode. The remaining episodes aired over the non-ratings period in 2006–2007, with the final episode airing on 16 January 2007. Hosted by Mark Beretta, the show had a potential prize of $1,000,000. It was produced by Grant Rule and Seven Melbourne. Repeats aired on 7Two at 11am weekdays in late July 2021.

## Format

Five players fought out a series of rounds involving general knowledge questions. This was both against each other and the clock, all under the eyes of the Master, Martin Flood, who sat in a chair watching to find the contestants' weaknesses. The player who won earned the right to face the Master for his title and for the prize of $1,000,000.
The five played against each other in a series of general knowledge rounds, winning $100 for each correct answer in general knowledge rounds and $200 in "Master's Choice" rounds (where Flood chose the category). Each round lasted for 90 seconds. If a contestant answered incorrectly, they were locked out from answering the next question. Players with the lowest score were gradually eliminated until three remained. If at the end of a round, two contestants were on the same score, the Master would choose which contestant to eliminate. After two contestants have been eliminated, there is a round where the three remaining contestants were each subjected to a round of questions on their "preferred category" called the "mean minute". In this round, correct answers worth $100 and incorrect answers result in a deduction of $200. After the "mean minute" round there is another general knowledge round and the contestant with the highest score at the end of that final round won the right to play against the Master. Each eliminated contestant took home what they earned in the general knowledge rounds.
The winner was given $50,000 to "bet" on their best-of-five questions game with the Master. The contestant could bet either $10,000, $20,000, $30,000, $40,000 or the entire $50,000. If the contestant risked any amount below $50,000, the Master will choose the category of questions to be asked and if the contestant is successful they would win ten times the amount staked. If the contestant bet the entire $50,000 they selected the category of questions and played for $1,000,000 and the chance to become the new Master. If they, however, risked the entire $50,000 and failed, they also lost all the money they had won in the previous rounds, walking away empty-handed. This meant that if a contestant risked less than $50,000, they played for either $100,000, $200,000, $300,000, or $400,000.

## Ratings

Seven boss David Leckie ordered it off air when it rated just 744,000 capital city viewers. The remaining six episodes already recorded aired on Monday at 7.30pm, during the summer non-ratings period. The second episode which screened on 12 December (non-ratings period) rated slightly higher at 839,000 capital city viewers, and the third episode attracted 826,000.
# Derdas I

Derdas I (Ancient Greek: Δέρδας) was the ruler of the region of Elimiotis (Ἐλιμιώτις), also rendered as Elymia (Ἐλιμία) and Elimeia (Ἐλίμεια), in the mid 5th century BCE.
Our information about him comes from a few passages in Thucydides, who said that in the lead up to the Peloponnesian War (431–404), the Athenians allied with one Philip, brother of the Macedonian king Perdiccas II, who sought to claim the throne for himself. The reason for this alliance was not explained in ancient sources, but Konstantinos Karathanasis has speculated that, in response to the recent Athenian settlement at Amphipolis (437) on Macedon's eastern frontier, Perdiccas began to restrict sales of timber to Athens, and that this was the spur that induced the Athenians to support Philip.
Thucydides, in the above cited passage, reported that in this campaign Philip was aided by Derdas, who was not specifically identified, but was presumably a member of the Macedonian nobility and probably a relative. Why Derdas would support Philip in this internecine struggle is also not known.
Derdas appears to have died shortly after this series of events began. After giving some background on the situation, Thucydides reported that Philip was now supported by the "brothers of Derdas". He later said that when the Athenians were marching on Potidaea (one of the early engagements of the war), they were joined by "six hundred Macedonian horsemen, the followers of Philip and Pausanias". A later scholiast commented that Pausanias was either a son or brother of Derdas.
# Luis Francisco de la Cerda, 9th Duke of Medinaceli

Luis Francisco de la Cerda y Aragón, 9th Duke of Medinaceli (2 August 1660, in El Puerto de Santa María – 26 January 1711, in Pamplona), 9th Duke of Medinaceli, was a Spanish noble and politician.

## Biography

Eldest son of Valido Don Juan Francisco de la Cerda and Doña Catalina de Aragón Folc de Cardona y Córdoba, he inherited the titles of his father: Duke of Medinaceli, Duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, Marquis of Cogolludo, Marquis of Tarifa and Marquis of Alcalá de la Alameda, and from his mother Duke of Segorbe, Duke of Cardona, Duke of Lerma, Count of Empúries, Marquis of Denia, Marquis of Comares, Marquis of Pallars, and twice Grandee of Spain, making him one of the most important Spanish aristocrats of his time.
During the reign of King Charles II of Spain he served in Italy, being ambassador to the Holy See of Pope Innocent XII, and Viceroy and Captain General of Naples. From 1699 he was a member of the Spanish Council of State.
When Charles II died, he was appointed prime minister at the beginning of the War of Spanish Succession by the new King Philip V of Spain. More and more opposed to the strong French influence at the Spanish Court, he leaked in 1710 a secret French plan to the English about efforts to conclude a separate peace with the Dutch Republic. For this, he was incarcerated in the Alcázar of Segovia and later transferred to the castle of Pamplona, where he died the next year.
He married María de las Nieves Girón y Sandoval, daughter of Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna, who survived him. There being no surviving children from the marriage, his titles went to his nephew Nicolás Fernández de Córdoba, son of his sister Feliche María de la Cerda y Aragón.

## Art collection

His collection included paintings now in the collection of the Prado:
* The Wine of Saint Martin's Day by Breugel
* Las Hilanderas by Velázquez
# Ashkan Soltani

Ashkan Soltani is the executive director of the California Privacy Protection Agency. He has previously been the Chief Technologist of the Federal Trade Commission and an independent privacy and security researcher based in Washington, DC.

## Education

Soltani attended the University of California, San Diego, where he received a bachelor's degree in cognitive science. Soltani would later receive a master's degree from the University of California, Berkeley School of Information.

## Career in government

Between 2010 and 2011, Soltani worked for the US Federal Trade Commission as a staff technologist in the Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he assisted with the investigations of Google and Facebook. Soltani previously worked as the primary technical consultant to The Wall Street Journal's "What They Know" series investigating online privacy.
In 2011, he testified at two different hearings held by US Senate committees focused on privacy related matters. Julia Angwin, in her 2014 book Dragnet Nation, describes Soltani as 'the leading technical expert on ad tracking technology'. He was part of the team at The Washington Post that shared the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service with The Guardian US and earned the 2014 Gerald Loeb Award for Large Newspapers for their coverage of the disclosures about surveillance done by the US National Security Agency.
In 2021, Soltani became the executive director of the California Privacy Protection Agency.

## Subjects of research
### Flash cookie research

Soltani's first high-profile research project was a 2009 study, supported by the National Science Foundation's Team for Research in Ubiquitous Secure Computing, documenting the use of zombie Flash cookies by several online advertising networks. Soltani and his colleagues at Berkeley revealed that websites were recreating tracking cookies after consumers deleted them by storing the unique tracking identifiers in Flash cookies, which were not automatically deleted when consumers cleared their browser cookies.
After the publication of Soltani's research, class action law firms filed suit against several advertising networks and websites. Quantcast, Clearspring and VideoEgg collectively agreed to pay a total of $3.4 million to settle the lawsuits.

### ETag tracking research

In 2011, Soltani and Berkeley law professor Chris Hoofnagle published a follow-up study, documenting the use of web browser cache ETags to store persistent identifiers. As with the case of Flash cookies, the identifiers stored in the ETags persisted even after consumers deleted their browser cookies. The ETag tracking issue caught the attention of several members of Congress, who wrote to the Federal Trade Commission in September 2011 and urged the agency to investigate the use of advanced tracking technologies as a potentially unfair or deceptive business practice.
Several companies performing ETag based tracking that were identified by the research team were subsequently sued by class action lawyers. In January 2013, KISSmetrics, an online advertising network, settled its ETag related lawsuit for $500,000.
# Lawrence Liang

Lawrence Liang is an Indian academic and lawyer. He is currently a professor of law at Ambedkar University Delhi. He is known for his legal campaigns on issues of public concern. He is a co-founder of the Alternative Law Forum and by 2006 had emerged as a spokesperson against the politics of "intellectual property". In 2017, he received the Infosys Prize for Social Sciences in recognition of his creative scholarship on law and society.
Liang's key areas of interest are law, popular culture and content piracy. He has been working closely with Sarai, New Delhi on a joint research project Intellectual Property and the Knowledge/Culture Commons. Liang is a "keen follower of the open source movement in software", Lawrence Liang has been working on ways of translating the open source ideas into the cultural domain. Segments of an interview with Liang commenting extensively on copyright and culture are featured in Steal This Film (Two).
Liang is author of Sex, Laws and Videotape: The Public is Watching (with Mayur Suresh and Namita Avriti Malhotra), published by Public Service Broadcasting Trust and Guide to Open Content Licenses, published by the Piet Zwart Institute in 2004.

## Work

He has critiqued and influenced the debate on changes in the Indian Copyright Act. " We were trying to oppose that, showing how such a law would be harmful for creative innovation. Right now we are also supporting a campaign in pharmaceutical policies. But our focus is not so much on policy advocacy, because you cannot really defend the grey economy and be on policy bodies. With regard to government, we try to push for the open-source model, arguing that public money should go into public intellectual property," Liang said in the December 2004 interview to World-Information.org.
In 2004 he was a research fellow at Media Design Research, Piet Zwart Institute, Rotterdam."

## Advisor/mentor

Liang was also group advisor/mentor of the 2006–07 International Policy Fellowship of the Open Society Institute.

## JNU Protests

During the famous 2016 protests at Jawaharlal Nehru University where he was a PhD student at the time, Liang gave a public speech as part of an 'Alternative Classroom' on laws relating to sedition.

## Background

Liang is a graduate from the National Law School of India University, and pursued a master's degree in Warwick, England on a Chevening Scholarship. He obtained his PhD in Cinema Studies from the School of Arts and Aesthetics at Jawaharlal Nehru University in 2017. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Michigan School of Information and the Center for South Asian Studies as part of the Hughes Fellowship in 2014 and Rice Visiting Scholar at Yale University in 2016-17. He is currently Professor of Law at School of Law, Governance and Citizenship, Ambedkar University Delhi, India.
# Federal Street District

The Federal Street District is a residential and civic historic district in Salem, Massachusetts, United States. It is an expansion of an earlier listing of the Essex County Court Buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In addition to the former county court buildings included in the earlier listing, the district expansion in 1983 encompasses the entire block of Federal Street between Washington and North Streets. It includes buildings from 32 to 65 Federal Street, as well as the Tabernacle Church at 50 Washington Street.
The original court was built in 1785. The Old Granite Courthouse, also known as the County Commissioner's Building, was built in 1841 in the Greek Revival architectural style. Adjacent to that is the Superior Court, pictured below. Built in 1862, the Superior Court is an Italianate structure that was later remodeled into the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture. A large new court has been constructed down the street.
Most of the residential properties on this block of Federal Street were built between 1810 and 1900. The notable exception is #47, which is a Georgian gambrel-roofed house built in the second half of the 18th century. Most of the houses are either Italianate or Second Empire in their styling; there is one Colonial Revival house, #62, built 1900. The Tabernacle Church, which abuts Federal Street but faces Washington Street, is a Georgian Revival structure built in 1923.
* Old Granite Courthouse (c. 1841)
* Superior Court (1889)
* Registry of Deeds (1909)
* New law library converted from a Baptist church (1806)
# Ben Shabbethai

Ben Shabbethai (Hebrew: בן שבתי; arabised as Ibn Shabbethai) is a Hebrew patronymic or patronymic surname literally meaning "son of Shabbethai. Notable people with the name include:
* Judah ibn Shabbethai, Jewish-Spanish poet of the end of the 12th century
* Ḥayyim ben Shabbethai, Sephardic rabbi and Talmudist
# List of Tajik-language television channels

In this article the list of television channels in the Tajik language is given. There are no television channels in the Dari language, which is akin to the Tajik language. Also not in the list of television channels in Persian language.

## Tajikistan
### National channels

* Tojikiston TV
* TV Safina
* TV Bahoriston
* Varzish TV
* TV Futbol
* Jahonnamo
* Sinamo
* Shahnavoz

## Russia

* Safo TV (partly in Tajik)

## Uzbekistan

* Samarkand TV (partly in Tajik)
* STV (partly in Tajik)
# Osakwe Modestus

Osakwe Abiazie Modestus is a Nigerian politician who currently serves as the representative for the Isu constituency at the Imo State House of Assembly.