OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Donizo

Donizo (also Domnizo, Donizone) of Canossa, was an Italian monk and author in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. His work is an important source on Matilda of Tuscany and her dynasty, and also on Gregorian Reform and the Investiture Controversy more generally.

## Life

Donizo was born c. 1071/2, perhaps at Canossa or at Parma. He became a monk at the Benedictine monastery of Sant’Apollonio of Canossa c. 1086/7. By 1136 he was abbot of the monastery.

## Works

He composed several works in Latin, including the Enarratio Genesis, a fragmentary commentary on the Book of Genesis, of which 378 leonine verses remain.
His most famous work is the Vita Mathildis (Life of Matilda, Rome, Vatican, Bib. Apostolica, MS. Lat. 4922), written in leonine hexameters. The Life is divided into two books, the first of which entitled, De Principibus Canusinis (‘'On the princes of Canossa’'), concentrates on the ancestors of Matilda of Tuscany, and their possession of the castle of Canossa; the second book focuses on Matilda herself. The Vita Mathildis was written between 1111 and 1115. It was completed shortly after Matilda died in July 1115 and was thus hastily re-dedicated to Empress Matilda.
There are many later medieval epitomes (or versions) of Donizo's Life of Matilda.
# Overton, North Yorkshire

Overton is a small village and civil parish in the former Hambleton District of North Yorkshire, England, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of York. The population of civil parish taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Shipton, North Yorkshire. The East Coast Main Line passes to the east, not far from the village.

## History

The village is mentioned three times in the Domesday Book as Ovretun in the Bulford hundred. The manor belonged to Earl Morcar, who had a hall in the village, at the time of the Norman invasion. Some of the land was the possession of the Church of St Peter in York and of Thorbiorn. The manor passed to the Crown and Count Alan of Brittany by 1086. Both granted the manor to St Mary's Abbey, York. The Hall that once stood in the village was the country seat of the Abbots until the dissolution. The Hall was demolished at some time in the 18th century, though earthworks indicate where the old moat may have been. Eventually the manor and estate came into the hands of the Bourchier, and thence the Dawnay, family at Beningbrough. The parish was once much larger and included the manors of Shipton and Skelton. The remains of the base of a limestone cross indicate that there may have been a church in the village at one time.

## Geography

The nearest settlements are Skelton 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east; Nether Poppleton 0.43 miles (0.69 km) to the south across the River Ouse; Beningbrough 2.3 miles (3.7 km) to the north-west and Shipton 1.9 miles (3.1 km) to the north. It lies on the north bank of the River Ouse.
In 1881 the UK Census recorded the population as 67.

## Governance

The village lies within the Thirsk and Malton Parliamentary constituency. It also lies within the Shipton ward of Hambleton District Council and the Stillington electoral division of North Yorkshire County Council.
# 1998 Asian Junior Badminton Championships – Boys' team

The boys' team tournament at the 1998 Asian Junior Badminton Championships took place from 15 to 17 June 1998 at the Kuala Lumpur Badminton Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 20 countries competed in this event.

## Results
### Bracket

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| | | China | 5 | | | | | | | |
| | | Maldives | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | China | 3 | | | | | |
| | | | | India | 2 | | | | | |
| | | India | 5 | | | | | | | |
| | | Singapore | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | China | 4 | | |
| | | | | | | | Chinese Taipei | 1 | | |
| | | Chinese Taipei | 5 | | | | | | | |
| | | Sri Lanka | 0 | | | | | | | |
| Sri Lanka | 4 | Sri Lanka | 0 | | | | | | | |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | | | Chinese Taipei | 2 | | | | | |
| | | | | South Korea | 3 | | | | | |
| | | South Korea | 5 | | | | | | | |
| | | Brunei | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | China | 3 |
| | | | | | | | | | Malaysia | 2 |
| | | Malaysia | 5 | | | | | | | |
| | | Macau | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Malaysia | 3 | | | | | |
| | | | | Thailand | 2 | | | | | |
| Thailand | 5 | | | | | Thailand | 2 | | | |
| Vietnam | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| Vietnam | 0 | Thailand | 5 | | | | | | | |
| | | Myanmar | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Malaysia | 3 | | |
| | | | | | | | Indonesia | 2 | | |
| | | Japan | 4 | | | | | | | |
| | | Philippines | 1 | | | | | | | |
| Philippines | 5 | Philippines | 1 | | | | | | | |
| Bangladesh | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| Bangladesh | 0 | | | Japan | 0 | | | | | |
| | | | | Indonesia | 5 | | | | | |
| | | Cambodia | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | Indonesia | 5 | | | | | | | |
# Devil's Peak (novel)

Devil's Peak is a detective novel by South African novelist Deon Meyer, first published in Afrikaans under the title Infanta in 2004. The English translation by K. L. Seeger was published under the title Devil's Peak in 2007, and it has since been translated into a number of other languages.
This novel begins a series of seven detective novels featuring Inspector Benny Griessel.

## Plot summary

Thobela Mpayipheli is a former Umkhonto we Sizwe soldier and KGB assassin, who hangs up his boots to take care of his adopted son Pakamile. When Pakamile is killed in a random shooting by armed robbers, Thobela has only one thing on his mind: to do justice and hunt down child abusers across the country. He becomes a vigilante. Inspector Griessel, an alcoholic, takes charge of the investigation but he must also deal with his family problems. Intertwined with this is the story of Christine, a prostitute who becomes involved with a Colombian drug dealer and fears for her child.

## Adaptations

Devil's Peak was adapted as a five-episode TV series for M-Net, with Hilton Pelser starring as Benny Griessel. Written by Matthew Orton in consultation with Meyer, the series was directed by Jozua Malherbe and filmed in Cape Town. It also stars Shamilla Miller, Sisanda Henna, Gérard Rudolf, Masasa Mbangeni, and others. The series aired on M-Net from 29 October 2023, with BBC Studios handling international distribution rights.
# Ricardo Reis (heteronym)

Ricardo Reis (European Portuguese:) is a heteronym of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa. In his fictional biography, Reis was born in Porto in 1887, one year younger than Fernando Pessoa, who describes him as very little shorter and stronger, but slim and a vague matte brown. Reis was educated at a Jesuit boarding school becoming a Latinist by education and a semi-Hellenist by his own, thus writing better than Pessoa, but with a purism that his author considered exaggerated. He was a doctor and Neoclassical poet who wrote neopagan, epicurist and stoicist odes. Politically a monarchist, he went into exile to Brazil after the defeat of a monarchical rebellion in Porto against the Portuguese Republic in 1919.

## Critical overview

Reis Odes were first published in 1924 in the Athena: Revista de Arte [pt], founded by Fernando Pessoa and Ruy Vaz. Further eight odes were later published between 1927 and 1930 in the literary journal Presença. The remaining poems and prose were published posthumously. In a letter to William Bentley, director of the journal Portugal, on October 31, 1924, to announce his journal Athena, Pessoa wrote that "a knowledge of the language would be indispensable, for instance, to appraise the 'Odes' of Ricardo Reis, whose Portuguese would draw upon him the blessing of António Vieira, as his stile and diction that of Horace (he has been called, admirably I believe, 'a Greek Horace who writes in Portuguese')". Since Pessoa didn't determine the death of Reis, one can assume that he survived his author who died on November 30, 1935. In the novel The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis (1984), the Portuguese writer José Saramago rebuilds, in his own personal outlook, the literary world of this heteronym after 1935, creating a dialog between Ricardo Reis and the ghost of his author.
   "How I write on behalf of these three [ heteronyms ]... Caeiro out of pure and unexpected inspiration, without knowing or even calculating that he was going to write. Ricardo Reis, after an abstract deliberation, which suddenly materialized into an ode."
# Secular Review

Secular Review (1876–1907) was a freethought/secularist weekly publication in nineteenth and early twentieth-century Britain that appeared under a variety of names. It represented a "relatively moderate style of Secularism," more open to old Owenite and new socialist influences in contrast to the individualism and social conservatism of Charles Bradlaugh and his National Reformer. It was edited during the period 1882–1906 by William Stewart Ross (1844–1906), who signed himself "Saladin."

## History

The journal was founded in August 1876 by George Jacob Holyoake, after he and George William Foote experienced difficulties with their collaborative editorship of the Secularist: A Liberal Weekly Review (1876–1877).
In February 1877, Charles Watts assumed the editorship. A new series was started in June 1877, merging it with Foote's Secularist, under joint editorship, to form the Secular Review and Secularist. Foote served as co-editor with Watts until March 1878, after which Watts edited the paper on his own until 1882.
William Stewart Ross joined Watts as co-editor in January 1882 and assumed sole editorship in July 1884, using the pseudonym "Saladin". In December 1888, Ross rechristened it the Agnostic Journal and Secular Review, and shortly thereafter changed the name again to the Agnostic Journal and Eclectic Review. Ross died in November 1906 and the last issue was published in June 1907.
# Laffy Taffy

Laffy Taffy is an American brand of taffy candies produced by the Ferrara Candy Company, a subsidiary of Ferrero. The candies are small (about 45 grams (1.6 oz)), individually wrapped taffy rectangles available in a variety of colors and fruit flavors, including banana, strawberry, green apple, grape, blueberry, watermelon, blue raspberry, and cherry. Rarer flavors include caramel apple, coconut, strawberries & cream, apple crisp, chocolate mousse, pumpkin donut, pineapple, guava, orange sorbet, and lemon raspberry. Discontinued flavors include fruit punch, mango, strawberry banana, peppermint, and hot cocoa.
The name "Laffy Taffy" refers to both the texture of the taffy and its embodiment of silliness: short, question-and-answer-style jokes are printed on the outside of each wrapper, such as "What do you call a cow with no legs? – Ground beef." Some jokes are pun-based, such as "What is Labor Day? – That's when mommies have their babies." Others are based on silly word play, such as "What's an owl's favorite subject? – Owlgebra." The jokes are a mix of ones sent in by fans and popular puns identified through research. In 2022, Laffy Taffy held a joke writing contest in which they received 6,500 submissions. They selected the top 101 jokes to add to their joke depository.

## History

The brand was first produced in the 1970s by Kathryn Beich Candies of Bloomington, Illinois as "Beich's [Name of Flavor] Caramels", though these were not in fact caramels but fruit-flavored taffy squares. The Beich's later changed the name of the product to "Beich's Laffy Taffy", which occurred some years prior to the acquisition of the distribution rights and the eventual purchase of the product line by Nestlé in 1984. Laffy Taffy was originally advertised as having a "long-lasting" flavor. Though it used to come in thick, square-shaped pieces, it is now sold in thinner, rectangular pieces. In 2003, the Willy Wonka brand introduced a variety called "Flavor Flippers", with each piece of taffy having an outer layer of one flavor and a soft center of a different flavor.
In January 2018, Nestlé announced plans to sell its U.S. confectionery brands, including Laffy Taffy, to Italian chocolatier Ferrero SpA, maker of Nutella, for $2.8 billion. Ferrero folded the acquired brands into the operations of the Ferrara Candy Company in 2019, and increased investment in marketing and production over the subsequent years.

## Ingredients

Ingredients vary by flavor. The following ingredients are shown on the Laffy Taffy website:
* Corn syrup
* Hydrogenated coconut oil
The following are less than 2%:
* Malic acid
* Egg Albumen
* Sodium Alganate
* Calcium Acetate
* Monogylcerides
* Natural Flavor
* Various coloring depending on product - Blue 1, Red 3, Yellow 6 etc.
Amounts of the following depend on the flavor, color, and size of each individual piece:
* Sugar
* Palm oil
* Diglycerides
* Soy Lecithin
* Hydrogenated Cottonseed oil
* Egg
# Tatekawa Danshi

Danshi Tatekawa (立川 談志, 2 December 1935 – 21 November 2011) was a popular Japanese Rakugo entertainer from Koishikawa, Tokyo.
Born Katsuyoshi Matsuoka (松岡 克由), he was a disciple of Kosan Yanagiya [ja]. Katsuyoshi would adopt the name of the famed Meiji era rakugoka Danshi Tatekawa (ja) in 1963 upon his recognition in rakugo as "shin'uchi", or a rakugo master (ja).
Tatekawa was the presenter of the long running NTV variety show Shōten when it first aired in 1966, and host of the popular radio program "Danshi Tatekawa Kayo Battle" (談志・円鏡 歌謡合戦) with Tsukinoya Enkyō from 1969 through 1973. He would go on to host many other radio and television programs during his long career, and write more than a dozen books on Rakugo theory.
In 1971, Tatekawa ran for one of the 50 at-large upper house seats in the Japanese Diet, coming in at 50th place and serving for one term. In typical rakugoka fashion, his response to coming in last was "the best is always the last to go up".
Failing to win a second term, Tatekawa returned to entertainment, withdrawing from his mentor Yanagiya's Rakugo Kyokai association and establishing his own school, the Tatekawa-Ryū, mentoring a number of successful rakugo, including Tatekawa Shinosuke.
A fan of Osamu Tezuka, Tatekawa developed a friendship with the prolific animator and had guest star roles in A Thousand and One Nights and Jungle Emperor Leo, and wrote an introduction to Black Jack.
Tatekawa would die at 75 of laryngeal cancer at his home in Tokyo on 21 November 2011.
According to Gendai Business columnist Kenichiro Horii, the character Issho Arakawa in the 2022 rakugo manga series Akane-banashi is modeled after Tatekawa Danshi.

## Kōzamei

* Yanagiya Koyoshi (柳家小よし, 1952-1954)
* Yanagiya Koen (柳家小ゑん, 1954-1963)
* Tatekawa Danshi (立川 談志, 1963-2011)
# Samādhāna

Samādhāna or samādhānam (Sanskrit: समाधानम्) is a Sanskrit noun derived from the word, samādhā (समाधा), and variously means – putting together, uniting, fixing the mind in abstract contemplation on the true nature of the soul, contemplate oneness, concentrated or formless meditation, commitment, intentness, steadiness, composure, peace of mind, complete concentration, clearing up of doubt or replying to the pūrvapakṣa, agreeing or promising, a leading incident, justification of a statement, proof, reconciliation or eagerness.

## Meaning

Samādhāna is the single-pointedness of the mind (cittaikāgratā); it is the state of the mind which one has with a single goal in sight which is gained on the strength of the control of the mind and the senses, withdrawal from worldly pursuits, endurance of life-pangs and faith in the scriptures and teacher’s instructions.
In the Mahabharata (277:6), samādhāna is explained as the absorption of meditation or as that state of mind in which one has no longer any affection for the world.

### Realisation of Brahman

It is one of the four practices for the realisation of Brahman (sādhanā chatuṣṭaya) that directs the energy of consciousness towards moksha ('liberation') and not towards siddhi or vibhuti ('accomplishments').
In his Vivekachudamani (Sloka 26), Shankara explains that:
   सम्यगास्थापनं बुद्धेः शुद्धे ब्रह्मणि सर्वदा । तत्समाधानमित्युक्तं न तु चित्तस्य लालनम् ॥ २६ 26. Not the mere indulgence of thought (in curiosity) but the constant concentration of the intellect (or the affirm faculty) on the ever-pure Brahman is what is called Samâdhána or self-settledness.
The perfect establishment of the buddhi always in the pure (nirguna) Brahman (free from all limitations) is said to be samādhāna, not the indulgence of the mind (not giving free rein to the mind to stray at will).

### Six virtues

Samādhāna, which develops mental concentration, is one of the six virtues (ṣaṭ saṃpatti) that a seeker after truth is expected to develop so as to cultivate the attitude of detachment from all selfish-ends; it develops the ability to hold the mind on a single point. For achieving this qualification the mind is required to be sufficiently trained, and is achieved by the combination of the other five virtues – sama, dama, uparati, titiksha and śraddhā. Shankara defines it as a state of poise and tranquility that the mind gains when it is trained to revel continuously in the concept of a perfect ideal, at once universal and omnipotent.
# Byrne Dairy

Byrne Dairy is a regional dairy company headquartered in Syracuse, New York. It was founded during the Great Depression in 1933, delivering milk bottles to New Yorkers by horse-wagons. The company is privately run and has expanded, distributing across the Upstate New York region, supplying many wholesale and retail locations. The company also has a wholesale distribution center in Massachusetts and operates a chain of convenience store/gas stations in Central New York.
In October 2012, it announced a plan to open a yogurt plant and agritourism center on a 127-acre site in Cortlandville, New York. The announcement marks Byrne Dairy's entry into the expanding central New York Greek yogurt belt, alongside Chobani, Crowley Foods, as well as Fage's presence in Johnstown.
In 2024, Byrne Dairy, with other companies, produced aseptic milk, which has a shelf life of 13 months.
# The Newspaper Carrier

The Newspaper Carrier (Chinese: 送報伕; Japanese: 新聞配達夫) is a Japanese novella written by Taiwanese author Yang Kuei (楊逵), published in 1932. In 1934, it won the second prize in the Tokyo Literary Review (文學評論) magazine (the first prize was not awarded that year), marking the first time a Taiwanese writer received an award in the Japanese literary world and establishing Yang Kuei's reputation.
In the initial release of The Newspaper Carrier, the first half was permitted, but the Taiwan Governor-General's Office banned the publication of the second half. Despite the ban, the work was awarded, but the version reissued in 1934 continued to be prohibited from sale in Taiwan. In 1936, Chinese literary theorist Hu Feng (胡風) translated it into Chinese, publishing it in the Shanghai-based magazine World Knowledge (世界知識). In Taiwan, a Chinese-Japanese bilingual edition of The Newspaper Carrier was published based on this translation after 1946.
In 2016, the story was translated in Issue 38 of Taiwan Literature: English Translation Series as The Newspaper Carrier. In 2020, the story was once again translated into English by Nikki Lin (林巾力), director of National Museum of Taiwan Literature, as The Newspaper Boy in A Taiwanese Literature Reader, a volume of Taiwan short stories written during the period of the Japanese rule.
The narrative follows a Taiwanese young man named Yang (楊君), whose family's farmland is exploited by the government and sugar industry capitalists. Seeking new opportunities, he goes to Tokyo and becomes a newsboy. Exploited and deceived by the capitalists, he loses his job, depletes his savings, and learns that his mother has committed suicide. Witnessing the newsboys in Tokyo unite and strike, forcing the capitalists to concede and improve working conditions, providing fair treatment, he returns to his hometown armed with the experience gained from the struggle.
The novella portrays the journey of a working-class individual from ignorance, fear, and suffering to unity. It emphasizes the struggle of the proletariat to assert their rights and actively resist capitalist exploitation, ultimately finding personal confidence and self-worth. Yang Kuei's work reflects the perspective of an intellectual advocating for social reform and resistance against societal injustices.
# Londonderry, North Yorkshire

Londonderry is a village near the Yorkshire Dales, England situated 4 miles (6 kilometres) south-east of Bedale, almost on the A1 road. It was part of the Hambleton District of North Yorkshire and is in the historic North Riding of Yorkshire.
It is named after the Marquesses of Londonderry, who took their name from County Londonderry, now in Northern Ireland, and were colliery owners in this area of England.
Londonderry Lodge was a former Transport Café in the village. The café is now closed, having served the traffic on the A1 road for 100 years. The building has been listed as Grade II since 1966. With the upgrading of the A1 to A1(M) standard, the junction with the A1 was diverted away from Londonderry (with even the new service road, the A6055, taking a route west of the new road as opposed to going through the hamlet). As a consequence of this, traffic has been lost from the hamlet, lorry traffic especially so. A noted refuelling service station have moved their business from Londonderry to Leeming Bar because of this traffic shift.
# Mount Hakkoda (1977 film)

Mt. Hakkoda (八甲田山, Hakkōda-san) is a 1977 Japanese film directed by Shirō Moritani. Based on the novelist Jirō Nitta's recounting of the Hakkōda Mountains incident, the film tells the story of two infantry regiments of the Imperial Japanese Army, consisting of 210 men, that tried to traverse the Hakkōda Mountains in the winter of 1902, in preparation for the anticipated Russo-Japanese War. The film was Japan's submission to the 50th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

* Ken Takakura as Captain Tokushima (徳島)
* Kin'ya Kitaōji as Captain Kanda (神田)
* Yūzō Kayama as Captain Kurata (倉田)
* Rentarō Mikuni as Major Yamada (山田)
* Komaki Kurihara as Hatsuko Kanda (Captain Kanda's wife)
* Hideji Otaki as Colonel Nakabayashi (中林)
* Shōgo Shimada as General Tomoda, commander of the 4th Brigade (友田)
* Akira Hamada as Lieutenant Tanabe (田辺)
* Mariko Kaga as Taeko Tokushima (Captain Tokushima's wife)
* Kenichi Kato as Sublieutenant Takahata (高畑)
* Ren Ebata as Apprentice Officer Funayama (船山)
* Gin Maeda as Corporal Saitō (斎藤)
* Kin Sugai as Saitō's mother
* Ben Hiura as Satō (佐藤)
* Kumiko Akiyoshi as Takiguchi Sawa, a local mountain guide from Utarube village (滝口さわ)
* Hanasawa Tokue as Takiguchi Denzō, Utarube villager and adoptive father of Sawa (滝口伝蔵)
* Yoshi Kato as Saemon, chief of Tamogino village (作右衛門)
* Jun Tazaki as Sadao Suzuki, master of the Sanbongi relay station (鈴木貞雄)
* Isao Tamagawa as Captain Okitsu (沖津)
* Katsu Ryuzaki as Army surgeon Nagano (永野（ながの）三等軍医)
* Takuya Fujioka as Major Monma, commander of the 1st Battalion (門間)
* Shigeru Koyama as Major Kinomiya, officer at the regimental headquarters (木宮)
* Katsutoshi Arata as Eto (江藤)
* Michihiro Yamanishi as Noguchi (野口)
* Kensaku Morita as Sublieutenant Mikami (三上)
* Kohei Takayama as Apprentice Officer Nagao (長尾)
* Keiju Kobayashi as Commander Tsumura (津村)
* Ken Ogata as Corporal Murayama (村山)
* Tetsurō Tamba as Colonel Kojima (小島)
* Funahashi Saburō as Saikai Yūjirō, a war correspondent for the Tō-Ō Nippō (西海勇次郎)
# Mt. Tsurugidake

Mt. Tsurugidake (劒岳 点の記, Tsurugidake Ten no Ki) is a 2009 Japanese film directed by Daisaku Kimura.

## Cast

* Tadanobu Asano as Shibasaki
* Teruyuki Kagawa as Uji
* Ryuhei Matsuda as Ikuta
* Yukijirō Hotaru as Kinsaku Iwamoto
* Takashi Sasano as Noriaki Okubo
* Toru Nakamura as Usui Kojima
* Aoi Miyazaki as Hatsuyo Shibazaki
* Renji Ishibashi as Sakichi Ogata
* Hirofumi Arai as Akira Ushiyama
* Hisashi Igawa as Nagamaru Saeki
* Kōji Yakusho as Furuta

## Awards

33rd Japan Academy Prize
* Won: Best Director - Daisaku Kimura
* Won: Best Supporting Actor - Teruyuki Kagawa
* Nominated: Best Film
* Nominated: Best Actor - Tadanobu Asano