# Oregon State University Radiation Center

The Oregon State University Radiation Center (OSURC) is a research facility that houses a nuclear reactor, Gammacell 200 irradiator, several radiation laboratories, and multiple high-bay thermal hydraulics laboratories at Oregon State University (OSU) in Corvallis, Oregon, United States.
The Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR), the Advanced Thermal Hydraulics Research Laboratory (ATHRL), and the Advanced Nuclear Systems Engineering Laboratory (ANSEL) serve the research needs of the OSU nuclear engineering, health physics, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, materials science, chemistry, and physics departments along with intermittent work with other departments across the university and third parties from across the world.
The OSURC is located on the west side of the OSU campus, across the street from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offices and about half a mile from Reser Stadium.
About 70% of the research projects at the OSU Radiation Center use the reactor.

## Oregon State University TRIGA Reactor

The Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR) is a TRIGA Mk. II research reactor, developed by General Atomics, with a maximum licensed thermal output of 1.1 MW, and it can be pulsed up to a power of 3000 MW for a very short time.
The fuel is high-assay, low-enriched uranium (HALEU) in the form of uranium zirconium hydride (UZrH) with an erbium burnable poison. Operation began in 1967.
The reactor supported 96 academic courses in 1999. These courses were in chemistry, civil engineering, chemical engineering, geosciences, oceanography and atmospheric sciences, bioresource engineering, honors college and naval engineering disciplines.
The OSU Radiation center supported 126 projects in 2000 with 69% directly involving use of the OSTR. Contracts supporting these projects in 2000 totaled $3 million.
The mission statement of the center is
   To serve as the campus wide teaching, research, and service facility for programs involving the use of ionizing radiation and radioactive materials.

### In-Core Irradiation Facilities

The OSTR has six in-core irradiation facilities.
The Central Thimble is a water-filled tube extending down into the central position of the core. Its purpose is to provide the highest flux possible; however, it is currently not in use at OSTR due to numerous practical and experimental constraints.
The Cadmium-Lined In-Core Irradiation Tube (or CLICIT) is an air-filled aluminum tube occupying a fuel slot in the central area of the core. Cadmium is a thermal neutron absorber, allowing only epithermal neutrons and fast neutrons to enter. The primary purpose of this facility is Ar-Ar dating, K-Ar dating, and neutron activation analysis via neutron bombardment.
The In-Core Irradiation Tube (or ICIT) is located in occupying a fuel slot in one of the outer rings of the core, and is the highest neutron flux facility currently in use at OSTR. It is identical to the CLICIT but lacks cadmium lining, resulting in unfiltered neutron irradiation.
The Cadmium-Lined Outer-Core Irradiation Tube (or CLOCIT) is a air-filled aluminum tube in the same ring as the ICIT. Its purpose is similar to the CLICIT, however due to its location and the neutron flux profile in the core, equivalent irradiations take 1.8 times longer.
The Pneumatic Transfer System, colloquially known as the Rabbit, is an irradiation facility that is pneumatically operated to rapidly insert and remove samples from the outermost ring of the core during operation. The primary purpose of this facility is to perform neutron activation analysis on isotopes with short half-lives.
The Rotating Rack, colloquially known as the Lazy Susan, is a ring surrounding the core between the core and the graphite neutron reflector. It rotates around the core about once a minute, providing an even flux to the samples inside. This facility has 40 nitrogen-filled slots for samples to be irradiated in.

### Thermal column

The thermal column is a large graphite slab that pierces the concrete bioshield of the reactor and makes contact with the graphite neutron reflector surrounding the core. The purpose of the thermal column is to create an irradiation facility that filters out high energy neutrons to create a high thermal neutron flux. The thermal column is primarily used for fission tracking of certain minerals that contain fissile material.

### Neutron Beam Ports

The OSTR has four neutron beam ports that penetrate the reactor tank and allow intense neutron and gamma radiation to exit the concrete bioshield for various research and commercial purposes.
Of the four beam ports at OSTR, there are two radial beam ports, one tangential beam port, and one radial piercing beam port. All three radial beam ports are aligned with the axial midplane of the reactor core, and point directly at the center of the core.
The two, standard radial beam ports (beam ports #1 and #2) terminate at the outer radius of the graphite neutron reflector, but are aligned with air-filled cans within the reflector to limit neutron scattering and absorption in the beam lines.
The radial piercing beam port (beam port #4) terminates at the inner radius of the graphite neutron reflector annulus, and is connected to the reflector via a bellows to accommodate thermal expansion differences between the reactor tank and reactor core assembly.
The tangential beam port (beam port #3) runs tangent to the reactor core and terminates at the outer radius of the graphite neutron reflector. Like the standard radial ports, an air-filled can is within the reflector and aligned with the beam port, adjacent to beam port #4, the piercing beam port.
As of now, there are only two beam ports in use at OSTR: beam port #1 and beam port #3.
Beam port #3, the tangential beam port, is the most used beam port at the OSTR. The facility attached is used for neutron radiography and, as such, is called the Neutron Radiography Facility or NRF. The NRF houses an pneumatically-controlled, counter-balanced beam shutter made of boral (a boron-aluminum composite material) and lead, that allows the operator to control the facility from outside the facility. The facility features numerous safety mechanisms to ensure the access doors and shutter are never open in conjunction, including an automatic reactor scram system if the shutter and doors are open together.
Beam port #1, one of the standard, radial ports, is used for many research purposes. The facility attached currently is called the Beam Port #1 Facility (BP1F), and is a repurposed version of the Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) facility that was once installed on Beam Port #4, before it was decommissioned due to a small reactor tank leak. The BP1F can perform prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, as well as low-magnitude neutron flux irradiations.

## Safety

Oregon Department of Energy has coordinated the HAZMAT Radiological Training Courses at the center for HAZMAT response teams throughout the state of Oregon for the last 15 years. Additionally, federal guidelines require a rapid, armed response to incidents that may occur at the Radiation Center, which is provided by the on-campus Public Safety force since 2021. Prior to this, OSU contracted with Oregon State Police since 1989 for this role.

## Forensic analysis

The reactor has also used Neutron activation analysis to help with the forensic analysis in a high-profile serial killer case (the I-5 Bandit) and several other cases.

## Research

The following are some ongoing projects in conjunction with the reactor:
* Neutron activation analysis
* Radiotracer techniques
* Medical isotope development and production
* Geological age dating
* Neutron radiography
* Thermal hydraulics of nuclear steam systems
* Radiation sterilization
* Radiation dosimeter testing
* Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
* Radiochemical methodologies