# 2016 in paleomammalogy

This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2016, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

## Metatherians
### Metatherian research

* A near-complete skull, a snout and two maxillae assigned to the species Didelphodon vorax are described from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Montana and North Dakota, United States) by Wilson et al. (2016).
* Description of a new specimen of Malleodectes mirabilis and a study of phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Archer et al. (2016).
* A study on the shape of the elbow joint of Thylacoleo carnifex and its implications for the predatory behavior of the species is published by Figueirido, Martín-Serra & Janis (2016).
* Claw marks are described from the Tight Entrance Cave (southwestern Australia) by Arman & Prideaux (2016), who interpret the marks as left by the marsupial lions.
* A study evaluating whether the climate changes were the primary driver of Pleistocene megafauna extinctions in Australia is published by Saltré et al. (2016).

### New taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Chaeropus baynesi | Sp. nov | Valid | Travouillon | Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene | Moorna Formation | Australia | A relative of the pig-footed bandicoot. |
| Chimeralestes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Engelman, Anaya & Croft | Miocene | Honda Group | Bolivia | A palaeothentid paucituberculate. Genus includes new species C. ambiguus. |
| Cookeroo | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Butler et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | Riversleigh World Heritage Area | Australia | A member of Macropodidae. Genus includes Cookeroo bulwidarri and Cookeroo hortusensis. |
| Ektopodon tommosi | Sp. nov | Valid | Pledge | Late Oligocene | Namba Formation | Australia | A member of Phalangeroidea belonging to the family Ektopodontidae. |
| Gumardee richi | Sp. nov | Valid | Travouillon et al. | Early Miocene | Riversleigh World Heritage Area | Australia | A member of Potoroinae. |
| Gumardee springae | Sp. nov | Valid | Travouillon et al. | Late Oligocene | Riversleigh World Heritage Area | Australia | A member of Potoroinae. |
| Gurbanodelta | Gen. et sp. nov | | Ni et al. | Late Paleocene (Gashatan) | | China | A probable member of the deltatheroidan family Deltatheridiidae. The type species is G. kara. |
| Kutjamarcoot | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Chamberlain et al. | Early Miocene | Wipajiri Formation | Australia | A bandicoot. The type species is Kutjamarcoot brevirostrum. |
| Lemdubuoryctes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kear, Aplin & Westerman | Latest Pleistocene to Holocene | | Indonesia | Originally described as a member of the stem group of Peramelemorphia. The type species is L. aruensis. Travouillon & Phillips (2018) transferred this species to the genus Peroryctes. |
| Microleo | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gillespie, Archer & Hand | Early Miocene | Riversleigh World Heritage Area | Australia | A member of Thylacoleonidae. The type species is M. attenboroughi. |
| Minusculodelphis modicum | Sp. nov | Valid | Oliveira, Zimicz & Goin | Itaboraian | Itaboraí Formation | Brazil | A member of Jaskhadelphyidae, a species of Minusculodelphis. |
| Palaeothentes relictus | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelman, Anaya & Croft | Miocene | Honda Group | Bolivia | A palaeothentid paucituberculate. |
| Palaeothentes serratus | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelman, Anaya & Croft | Miocene | Honda Group | Bolivia | A palaeothentid paucituberculate. |
| Stelakoala | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Black | Middle Miocene | Riversleigh World Heritage Area | Australia | A member of Phascolarctidae. The type species is S. riversleighensis. |
| Whollydooleya | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Archer et al. | Possibly middle or late Miocene | | Australia | A member of Dasyuridae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is W. tomnpatrichorum. |

## Eutherians
### Research

* A study on the date of the origin of the Placentalia and an analysis of the effect of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on placental evolution is published by Halliday, Upchurch & Goswami (2016).
* A study on the influence of the methods used to establish divergence dates on the studies reconstructing body-size evolution of the Cretaceous and Paleogene eutherian mammals is published by Halliday & Goswami (2016).
* A study on the relationship between the primary productivity of plant communities and the diversity of terrestrial large mammals in North America and Europe through the Neogene is published by Fritz et al. (2016).
* Studies of the phylogenetic relationships of the glyptodonts within Xenarthra, indicating that the glyptodonts were nested within the armadillo crown group, are published by Delsuc et al. (2016) and Mitchell et al. (2016).
* A description of new fossil material of Abdounodus hamdii and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Gheerbrant, Filippo & Schmitt (2016).
* A description of new fossil material of Palaeoamasia kansui and a study of phylogenetic relationships of embrithopods is published by Erdal, Antoine & Sen (2016).
* A study on the patterns of mastication in Neogene and Quaternary proboscideans as indicated by the anatomy of their teeth is published by von Koenigswald (2016).
* Part of a humerus of a large proboscidean, probably a member of the genus Deinotherium, is described from the Miocene of Finland by Salonen et al., representing the northernmost record of a Miocene proboscidean fossil in the world so far.
* Presence of lower incisors is reported in immature individuals of Cuvieronius hyodon by Mothé, Ferretti & Avilla (2018).
* A study on the diet of Platybelodon grangeri, as indicated by data from molar microwear analysis of tooth enamel, is published by Semprebon et al. (2016).
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic diversity of North American mammoths, as well as its implications for mammoth population structure and dynamics during the late Pleistocene, is published by Enk et al. (2016).
* A study on the timing, causes, and consequences of the Holocene extinction of the relict woolly mammoth population from Saint Paul Island (Alaska) is published by Graham et al. (2016).
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the unallocated fossil species of the Old World leaf-nosed bats, particularly Miocene species from Riversleigh (Australia) is published by Wilson et al. (2016).
* A complete skull of the macraucheniid Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata is described from the Huayquerian Huayquerías Formation (Argentina) by Forasiepi et al. (2016).
* A study on the dentaries of several juvenile specimens of Prosantorhinus germanicus from the Miocene fossil lagerstätte Sandelzhausen (Germany) is published by Böhmer, Heissig & Rössner (2016), who reconstruct the tooth replacement pattern, life history and juvenile mortality profile of this taxon.
* An osteological study on the Pleistocene camelid fossils reported from Alaska and Yukon, assigned to the species Camelops hesternus, is published by Zazula et al. (2016).
* New fossil material of the Pleistocene wildebeest-like bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion is described from the Rusinga Island (Kenya) by O’Brien et al. (2016), who note the presence of large, hollow, bony nasal crests in this mammal, similar to crests present in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.
* A study on the age and phylogenetic relationships of late Pleistocene bison fossils from North America and their implications for establishing when the Pleistocene ice free corridor along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains was open is published by Heintzman et al. (2016).
* Studies on the origin and evolutionary history of the European bison based on ancient DNA recovered from bison fossils are published by Soubrier et al. (2016) and Massilani et al. (2016).
* A study on the diet and evolution of ecologically-relevant traits in members of the genus Hoplitomeryx as indicated by tooth wear, hypsodonty and body mass estimations is published by DeMiguel (2016).
* Basu, Falkingham & Hutchinson (2016) present a reconstruction of the skeleton of Sivatherium giganteum and estimate adult body mass of members of the species.
* A study estimating the ability of the cetacean Ambulocetus and the desmostylians Paleoparadoxia, Neoparadoxia and Desmostylus to support themselves on land as indicated by the strengths of their rib cages against vertical compression is published by Ando & Fujiwara (2016).
* A study on the cochlear anatomy of a xenorophid specimen from the Oligocene Belgrade Formation in North Carolina (subsequently assigned to the genus Echovenator) and its implications for the evolution of high-frequency hearing and echolocation in early toothed whales is published by Park, Fitzgerald & Evans (2016).
* Description of an early Miocene dolphin from Kaikōura (New Zealand), closely related to Papahu taitapu, and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of Papahu is published by Tanaka & Fordyce (2016).
* Description of a new skull of the Pliocene porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai recovered from the Horokaoshirarika Formation (Hokkaido, Japan) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Tanaka & Ichishima (2016).
* A new aetiocetid specimen is described from the late Oligocene Pysht Formation (Washington, United States) by Marx et al. (2016), who interpret its tooth wear as inconsistent with the presence of baleen, and instead indicative of suction feeding.
* A study on the evolution of large body size in early baleen whale evolution is published by Tsai & Kohno (2016).
* A study on the anatomy of the ear region of Miocaperea pulchra and its implications for the proposed origin of the pygmy right whale from the cetotheriids is published by Marx & Fordyce (2016).
* A study on the baleen microstructures found in association with the skeleton of a late Miocene balaenopteroid whale recovered from the Pisco Formation (Peru) is published by Gioncada et al. (2016).
* A study on the anatomy and paleobiology of the Eocene pangolin Patriomanis americana is published by Gaudin, Emry & Morris (2016).
* A revision of the systematics of the North American members of Nimravidae is published by Barrett (2016).
* A study on the bone thickness of dentary bones of the specimens of Smilodon fatalis recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits and its implications for the changes in the diet of the saber-toothed cats through the time-periods that are captured at this site, is published by Binder, Cervantes & Meachen (2016).
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the cave lion, based on the first mitochondrial genome sequences for this taxon, is published by Barnett et al. (2016).
* A description of new bear dog fossils from the early Miocene of Uganda and Namibia and a systematic revision of the Miocene bear dogs known from Africa is published by Morales, Pickford & Valenciano (2016).
* A description of new fossil material of Megalictis ferox and a study of phylogenetic relationships of the oligobunine mustelids is published by Valenciano et al. (2016).
* A study on the feeding strategy of the arctoid Kolponomos is published by Tseng, Grohe & Flynn (2016).
* A study of phylogenetic relationships of bears belonging to the genus Arctotherium, indicating that they were more closely related to the spectacled bear than to short-faced bears, is published by Mitchell et al. (2016).
* A study on the anatomy of the auditory region of the Pleistocene bear Arctotherium tarijense is published by Arnaudo et al. (2016).
* A description of the most recent cave bear remains reported so far, recovered from the Stajnia Cave (Poland), and a study on the cave bear’s extinction time is published by Baca et al. (2016).
* A study on the diet of the cave bears, as indicated by the morphology of their mandibles, is published by van Heteren et al. (2016).
* A study on the anatomy of Enaliarctos and its implications for the evolution of tooth spacing, tooth size and pierce-feeding in pinnipeds is published by Churchill & Clementz (2016).
* A study on the enamel ultrastructure in modern eared seals and extinct Pelagiarctos is published by Loch et al. (2016).
* Fossils of an earless seal belonging to the tribe Miroungini (the tribe containing elephant seals) are described from the late Pliocene Petane Formation (New Zealand) by Boessenecker & Churchill (2016), representing the oldest record of Miroungini reported so far.
* Virtual cranial endocasts of the Eocene rodents Paramys copei and Paramys delicatus are described by Bertrand, Amador-Mughal and Silcox (2016).
* The taxonomic revision of the fossil New World porcupines known from North America is published by Sussman et al. (2016), who transfer the species Erethizon kleini Frazier (1981) and Erethizon poyeri Hulbert (1997), as well as specimens previously identified as North American porcupines from Irvingtonian faunas in Florida and Aguascalientes, Mexico, to the genus Coendou.
* Virtual cranial endocasts of the notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus and Smilodectes gracilis, as well as the adapid adapiform Adapis parisiensis are reconstructed by Harrington et al. (2016).
* Eocene (Ypresian) adapoid and omomyid limb bones are described from the Vastan lignite mine (Gujarat, India) by Dunn et al. (2016).
* Isolated teeth of a member of the genus Cebus and a member of the genus Cebuella are described from the Miocene (Mayoan) Pebas Formation (Peru) by Marivaux et al. (2016).
* Fossils of the probable relative of the gorillas, Chororapithecus abyssinicus, are dated to ~8.0 Myr by Katoh et al. (2016).
* Fossils of Homo floresiensis and the deposits containing them are dated to between about 100 000 and 60 000 years ago by Sutikna et al. (2016).
* Hominin fossils similar in most dimensions and morphological characteristics to those of Homo floresiensis are described from the early Middle Pleistocene site in Flores, Indonesia by van den Bergh et al. (2016).
* A study on the cause of death of the Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy is published by Kappelman et al. (2016).
* A study on the bone structural properties of the femur and humerus of the Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy and its implications for the locomotor behavior and ecology of the species is published by Ruff et al. (2016).
* A study on the locomotor mechanics and footprint formation of the tracemaker of the Pliocene Laetoli footprints is published by Hatala, Demes & Richmond (2016).
* Pliocene hominin tracks discovered in the new site at Laetoli locality are described by Masao et al. (2016), who estimate the height of one of the trackmakers to be about 1.65 metres, thus exceeding previous estimates for Australopithecus afarensis.
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Homo naledi is published by Dembo et al. (2017).
* 1.5-million-year-old footprint assemblages produced by at least 20 different individuals of Homo erectus are described from multiple sites near Ileret, Kenya by Hatala et al. (2016).
* A study on the tracks of Homo erectus from Ileret, indicating repeated use of lakeshore habitats by members of this species, is published by Roach et al. (2016).
* A study on genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia and on sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia, and on their implications for the knowledge of gene flow events between modern and archaic humans, is published by Kuhlwilm et al. (2019).

### New taxa
#### Xenarthrans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Aymaratherium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pujos et al. | Montehermosan | Umala Formation | Bolivia | A member of Nothrotheriidae. The type species is Aymaratherium jeani. |
| Parutaetus punaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ciancio et al. | Middle–late Eocene | Geste Formation | Argentina | An armadillo belonging to the subfamily Euphractinae; a species of Parutaetus. |
| Punatherium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ciancio et al. | Middle–late Eocene | Geste Formation | Argentina | An armadillo of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Punatherium catamarquensis. |

#### Afrotherians

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Aphanobelodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Middle Miocene | Zhangenbao Formation | China | A member of Amebelodontidae. The type species is A. zhaoi. |
| Eurybelodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Lambert | Miocene (late Clarendonian) | Juntura Formation | United States ( Oregon) | A gomphothere. The type species is Eurybelodon shoshanii. |
| Konobelodon robustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Miocene | Liushu Formation | China | A gomphothere, a species of Konobelodon. |
| Lentiarenium | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Voss in Voss, Berning & Reiter | Oligocene (Chattian) | Linz-Melk Formation | Austria | A member of Sirenia belonging to the family Dugongidae. The type species is "Halitherium" cristolii Fitzinger (1842). |
| Prototherium ausetanum | Sp. nov | Valid | Balaguer & Alba | Eocene | | Spain | A member of Dugongidae, a species of Prototherium. |
| Sinomammut | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mothé et al. | Late Miocene | Xihe-Lixian Basin | China | A member of Mammutidae. The type species is Sinomammut tobieni. |
| Sinomastodon praeintermedius | Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Miocene | Zhaotong Formation | China | A gomphothere, a species of Sinomastodon. |

#### Bats

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Aegyptonycteris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Simmons, Seiffert & Gunnell | Eocene (Priabonian) | Birket Qarun Formation | Egypt | An omnivorous bat belonging to the family Aegyptonycteridae. The type species is Aegyptonycteris knightae. |
| Chambinycteris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A bat of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. pusilli. |
| Drakonycteris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Algeria | A bat of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. glibzegdouensis. |
| Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) africanum | Sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A roundleaf bat. |
| Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) amenhotepos | Sp. nov | Valid | Gunnell et al. | Miocene | | Egypt | A roundleaf bat. |
| Khoufechia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A member of Nycteridae. The type species is K. gunnelli. |
| ?Necromantis fragmentum | Sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A member of Necromantidae. |
| ?Palaeophyllophora tunisiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A member of Hipposideridae. |
| Premonycteris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hand et al. | Eocene (late Ypresian) | | France | A vesper bat. The type species is P. vesper. |
| Pseudovespertiliavus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Algeria | A sac-winged bat. The type species is P. parva. |
| Synemporion | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ziegler, Howarth & Simmons | Middle Pleistocene to late Holocene | | United States ( Hawaii) | A vesper bat. The type species is Synemporion keana. |
| ?Vespertiliavus aenigma | Sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A sac-winged bat. |
| Vespertiliavus kasserinensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ravel in Ravel et al. | Eocene | | Tunisia | A sac-winged bat. |

#### Odd-toed ungulates

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Cadurcodon maomingensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Averianov et al. | Eocene | Youganwo Formation | China | A member of Amynodontidae. |
| Hipparion philippus | Sp. nov | Valid | Koufos & Vlachou | Miocene (early Turolian) | | Greece | A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion. |
| Hipparion sithonis | Sp. nov | Valid | Koufos & Vlachou | Miocene (early Turolian) | | Greece | A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion. |
| Pappaceras meiomenus | Sp. nov | | Wang et al. | Late Early Eocene | Arshanto Formation | China | A member of Rhinocerotoidea belonging to the family Paraceratheriidae. |
| Propalaeotherium sudrei | Sp. nov | Valid | Remy, Krasovec & Marandat | Eocene | | France | A member of Palaeotheriidae. |
| Victoriaceros hooijeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Geraads et al. | Early Miocene | | Kenya | A rhinoceros, tentatively assigned to the genus Victoriaceros. |
| Xylotitan | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mihlbachler & Samuels | Eocene | Clarno Formation | United States ( Oregon) | A member of Brontotheriidae. Genus includes new species X. cenosus. |

#### Even-toed ungulates

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Bransatochoerus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Pickford | | | France | A member of Suoidea belonging to the family Doliochoeridae (previously called the Palaeochoeridae); a new genus for "Palaeocherus" meissneri mut. elaverensis Viret (1929) (in the rank of the species Bransatochoerus elaverensis). |
| Celebochoerus cagayanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ingicco in Ingicco et al. | Middle Pleistocene | Awidon Mesa Formation | Philippines | A member of Suidae. |
| Diplobunops kardoula | Sp. nov | Valid | Emery, Davis & Hopkins | Eocene (Duchesnean) | | United States ( Oregon) | An agriochoerid oreodont, a species of Diplobunops. |
| Dorcatherium maliki | Sp. nov | Valid | Kostopoulos & Sen | Miocene (Vallesian) | Ergene Formation | Turkey | A chevrotain. |
| Fremdohyus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Prothero | Arikareean | John Day Formation | United States ( Oregon) | A peccary. A new genus for "Thinohyus" osmonti Sinclair (1905). |
| Honanotherium bernori | Sp. nov | Valid | Solounias & Danowitz | Late Miocene | | Iran | A member of Giraffidae, a species of Honanotherium. |
| Magwetherium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ducrocq et al. | Eocene | Pondaung Formation | Myanmar | A diacodexeid dichobunoid. The type species is Magwetherium burmense. |
| Megaloceros stavropolensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Titov & Shvyreva | Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian) | | Russia ( Stavropol Krai) | A deer. Originally described as a species of Megaloceros; Croitor (2018) transferred this species to the genus Arvernoceros. |
| Nabotherium | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Sileem et al. | Early Oligocene | Jebel Qatrani Formation | Egypt | An anthracothere; a new genus for "Rhagatherium" aegyptiacum Andrews (1906). |
| Prolibytherium fusus | Sp. nov | Valid | Danowitz, Domalski & Solounias | Early Miocene | | Pakistan | A member of Ruminantia, a species of Prolibytherium. |
| Protovis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang, Li & Takeuchi | Pliocene | Zanda Basin | China | A relative of the sheep. The type species is Protovis himalayensis. |
| Retroporcus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Pickford | Miocene | | Austria  France  Germany  India  Pakistan  Serbia  Spain  Switzerland  Turkey | A tetraconodontine suid. The type species is Retroporcus complutensis Pickford & Laurent (2014); genus also contains "Conohyus" sindiensis Lydekker, 1884 and Hyotherium soemmeringi matritensis Golpe-Posse, 1972 (recombined as a separate species Retroporcus matritensis). The generic name was originally published in an article from 2014, but without the diagnosis, necessitating its validation in a later publication. |

#### Cetaceans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Acrophyseter robustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Lambert, Bianucci & De Muizon | Miocene (late Serravallian–Tortonian) | Pisco Formation | Peru | |
| Arktocara | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boersma & Pyenson | Oligocene (probably Chattian) | Poul Creek Formation | United States ( Alaska) | A member of Platanistoidea related to Allodelphis. The type species is A. yakataga. |
| Awadelphis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Murakami | Latest Miocene | Senhata Formation | Japan | A member of Inioidea. The type species is A. hirayamai. |
| Awamokoa | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tanaka & Fordyce | Late Oligocene | Kokoamu Greensand | New Zealand | A member of Platanistoidea. The type species is A. tokarahi. |
| Chavinziphius | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bianucci et al. | Late Miocene | Pisco Formation | Peru | A beaked whale. The type species is C. maxillocristatus. |
| Chimuziphius | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bianucci et al. | Late Miocene | Pisco Formation | Peru | A beaked whale. The type species is C. coloradensis. |
| Dagonodum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ramassamy | Late Miocene | Gram Formation | Denmark | A beaked whale. Genus includes new species D. mojnum. |
| Echovenator | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Churchill et al. | Late Oligocene | Chandler Bridge Formation | United States ( South Carolina) | A member of Xenorophidae. The type species is E. sandersi. |
| Fragilicetus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bisconti & Bosselaers | Early Pliocene | Kattendijk Sands | Belgium  South Africa | A member of Balaenopteridae showing a mix of morphological characters that is intermediate between those of Eschrichtiidae and those of Balaenopteridae. The type species is Fragilicetus velponi. |
| Goedertius | Gen. et. sp. nov | Valid | Kimura & Barnes | Miocene (late Aquitanian) | Nye Formation | United States ( Oregon) | A member of Allodelphinidae. The type species is Goedertius oregonensis. |
| Incakujira | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Marx & Kohno | Miocene | Pisco Formation | Peru | A rorqual. The type species is I. anillodefuego. |
| Mammalodon hakataramea | Sp. nov | Valid | Fordyce & Marx | Oligocene (Duntroonian, 27 Ma) | Kokoamu Greensand | New Zealand | A species of Mammalodon, a member of Mammalodontidae. |
| Matapanui | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boessenecker & Fordyce | Oligocene (latest Whaingaroan, 28.1–27.3 Ma) | Kokoamu Greensand | New Zealand | A member of Eomysticetidae. The type species is M. waihao. |
| Mesoplodon posti | Sp. nov | Valid | Lambert & Louwye | Pliocene (Zanclean) | | Belgium | A mesoplodont whale. |
| Metopocetus hunteri | Sp. nov | Valid | Marx, Bosselaers & Louwye | Miocene (late Tortonian) | Breda Formation | Netherlands | A member of Cetotheriidae, a species of Metopocetus. |
| Mithridatocetus | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Gol'din & Startsev | Miocene (Tortonian) | Chersonian Formation | Ukraine Russia | A member of Cetotheriidae. Genus includes new species M. eichwaldi, as well as "Kurdalagonus" adygeicus Tarasenko & Lopatin (2012) and "Cetotherium" mayeri (a nomen dubium). |
| Ninjadelphis | Gen. et. sp. nov | Valid | Kimura & Barnes | Miocene (late Burdigalian) | Hiramatsu Formation | Japan | A member of Allodelphinidae. The type species is Ninjadelphis ujiharai. |
| Rayanistes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bebej et al. | Eocene (Lutetian) | Midawara Formation | Egypt | A member of Remingtonocetidae. The type species is Rayanistes afer. |
| Sitsqwayk | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Peredo & Uhen | Late Oligocene | Pysht Formation | United States ( Washington) | A basal member of Chaeomysticeti. The type species is S. cornishorum. |
| Whakakai | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tsai & Fordyce | Oligocene (Chattian) | Kokoamu Greensand | New Zealand | A baleen whale. The type species is Whakakai waipata. |
| Zarhinocetus donnamatsonae | Sp. nov | Valid | Kimura & Barnes | Miocene (late Burdigalian-early Langhian) | Astoria Formation | United States ( Washington) | A member of Allodelphinidae. |

#### Carnivorans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Actiocyon parverratis | Sp. nov | Valid | Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli | Miocene (Barstovian) | Monarch Mill Formation | United States ( Nevada) | A simocyonine ailurid (a relative of the red panda), a species of Actiocyon. |
| Alagtsavbaatar | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Egi et al. | Late Eocene | Ergilin Dzo Formation | Mongolia | A member of Feliformia. The type species is "Stenoplesictis" indigenus Dashzeveg (1996). |
| Angelarctocyon | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Tomiya & Tseng | Eocene (Duchesnean) | Chambers Tuff | United States ( Texas) | A bear dog. The type species is "Miacis" australis Gustafson (1986). |
| Brevimalictis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli | Miocene (Barstovian) | Monarch Mill Formation | United States ( Nevada) | A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Brevimalictis chikasha. |
| Cynarctus wangi | Sp. nov | Valid | Jasinski & Wallace | Middle Miocene | Choptank Formation | United States ( Maryland) | A member of Canidae belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae, a species of Cynarctus. |
| Enhydrictis hoffstetteri | Sp. nov | Valid | Geraads | Pleistocene | | Algeria | An otter-like member of the Mustelidae. |
| Gustafsonia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Tomiya & Tseng | Eocene (Chadronian) | Chambers Tuff | United States ( Texas) | A bear dog. The type species is "Miacis" cognitus Gustafson (1986). |
| Lontra weiri | Sp. nov | Valid | Prassack | Pliocene | Hagerman Fossil Beds | United States ( Idaho) | An otter, a species of Lontra. |
| Lutraeximia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cherin et al. | Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian) | | Azerbaijan  Italy | An otter. The type species is Lutraeximia umbra. |
| Maofelis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Averianov et al. | Middle-late Eocene | Youganwo Formation | China | A member of Nimravidae. The type species is Maofelis cantonensis. |
| Negodiaetictis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli | Miocene (Barstovian) | Monarch Mill Formation | United States ( Nevada) | A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Negodiaetictis rugatrulleum. |
| Watay | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | McLaughlin, Hopkins & Schmitz | Hemingfordian | Mascall Formation | United States ( Oregon) | A member of Mustelidae. The type species is W. tabutsigwii. |

#### Rodents

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Abudhabia abagensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A gerbil related to members of the genus Taterillus. |
| Abudhabia wangi | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A gerbil related to members of the genus Taterillus. |
| Allodistylomys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Distylomyidae. Genus includes new species A. stepposus. |
| Allohuaxiamys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Muridae. Genus includes new species A. gaotegeensis. |
| Ansomys borealis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Aplodontiidae. |
| Ansomys lophodens | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Aplodontiidae. |
| Ansomys robustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Aplodontiidae. |
| Apatodemus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Savorelli, Colombero & Masini | Miocene | | Italy | A member of Muridae. The type species is A. degiulii. |
| Argouburus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Marivaux et al. | Early Oligocene | Samlat Formation | Western Sahara | An anomalure. The type species is A. minutus. |
| Atlantocerus exilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A relative of the Barbary ground squirrel. |
| Atlantocerus major | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A relative of the Barbary ground squirrel. |
| Ayakozomys mandaltensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae. |
| Ayakozomys ultimus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae. |
| Birkamys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sallam & Seiffert | Eocene (late Priabonian) | Jebel Qatrani Formation | Egypt | A member of Phiomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Birkamys korai. |
| Borsodia mengensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of Arvicolinae. |
| Brachyscirtetes tomidai | Sp. nov | Valid | Li | Late Miocene | | China | A member of Dipodidae, a species of Brachyscirtetes. |
| Chambiramys | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Boivin et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A caviomorph rodent of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. sylvaticus; genus also includes C. shipiborum. |
| Chukimys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Barbiere et al. | Late Pliocene | Brochero Formation | Argentina | A member of Sigmodontinae. The type species is C. favaloroi. |
| Colloides | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species C. xiaomingi. |
| Cricetodon fengi | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Cricetodon fikreti | Sp. nov | Valid | Çinar Durgut & Ünay | Early Miocene | | Turkey | A member of Cricetodontini. |
| Cricetodon magnesiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Çinar Durgut & Ünay | Early Miocene | | Turkey | A member of Cricetodontini. |
| Cricetodon sonidensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Cricetodon trallesensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Çinar Durgut & Ünay | Early Miocene | | Turkey | A member of Cricetodontini. |
| Cricetodon yapintiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Çinar Durgut & Ünay | Early Miocene | | Turkey | A member of Cricetodontini. |
| Dakhlamys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Marivaux et al. | Early Oligocene | Samlat Formation | Western Sahara | A possible member of Zegdoumyidae. The type species is D. ultimus. |
| Dehmisciurus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Marković, de Bruijn & Wessels | Late Oligocene – Early Miocene | | Austria  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Germany  Serbia  Spain  Turkey | A member of the family Sciuridae. The type species is "Ratufa" obtusidens Dehm (1950). |
| Dipoides mengensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Castoridae. |
| Dipus nanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A relative of the northern three-toed jerboa. |
| Dipus pliocenicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A relative of the northern three-toed jerboa. |
| Dolocylindrodon | Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Korth & Tabrum | Eocene-Oligocene | | United States ( Montana Texas Wyoming) | A member of Cylindrodontidae. The type species is D. vukae; genus also includes new species D. rahnensis, as well as "Pseudocylindrodon" medius Burke (1938), "Pseudocylindrodon" tobeyi Black (1970) and "Pseudocylindrodon" texanus Wood (1974). |
| Elfomys catalaunicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bonilla-Salomón et al. | Eocene | | Spain | A member of Theridomyidae, a species of Elfomys. |
| Ellobius (Bramus) pomeli | Sp. nov | Valid | Tesakov | Early Middle Pleistocene | Arapi Formation | Armenia | A species of Ellobius. |
| Elymys ? emryi | Sp. nov | Valid | Kelly & Murphey | Eocene (early Uintan) | Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation | United States ( Wyoming) | A possible member of Dipodidae. |
| Eozapus major | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A relative of the Chinese jumping mouse. |
| Eucastor plionicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Castoridae. |
| Eucricetodon wangae | Sp. nov | Valid | Li, Meng & Wang | Late Eocene | | China | A member of Cricetidae, a species of Eucricetodon. |
| Eutypomys productus | Sp. nov | Valid | Korth | Oligocene (Whitneyan) | | United States ( South Dakota) | A member of the family Eutypomyidae. |
| Geomys tyrioni | Sp. nov | Valid | Martin | Early Pleistocene | Meade Basin | United States ( Kansas) | A pocket gopher, a species of Geomys. |
| Gliruloides | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Wu et al. | Late Oligocene to early Miocene | Junggar Basin | China  Turkey | A dormouse related to the forest dormouse. The type species is Gliruloides zhoui; genus also includes "Vasseuromys" duplex Ünay (1994). |
| Gobicricetodon arshanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Hylopetes bellus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A squirrel, a species of Hylopetes. |
| Hylopetes yani | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A squirrel, a species of Hylopetes. |
| Hystricops mengensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Castoridae. |
| Irtyshogaulus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Lu et al. | Early Miocene | Junggar Basin | China | A member of Mylagaulidae belonging to the subfamily Promylagaulinae. The type species is I. minor; genus also includes I. major. |
| Karnimatoides | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of Murinae. The type species is K. hipparionus (Schlosser, 1924). |
| Keramidomys magnus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Eomyidae. |
| Khanomys | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species K. baii and K. cheni. |
| Kowalskia shalaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Lagostomus telenkechanum | Sp. nov | Valid | Rasia & Candela | Late Miocene | Arroyo Chasicó Formation | Argentina | A species of Lagostomus. |
| Ligerimys asiaticus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Eomyidae. |
| Loretomys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boivin et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A caviomorph rodent belonging to the superfamily Octodontoidea. The type species is L. minutus. |
| Megacricetodon hellenicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Oliver & Peláez-Campomanes | Early Miocene | | Greece | A cricetid rodent, a species of Megacricetodon. |
| Metaeucricetodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species M. mengicus. |
| Microtocricetus shalaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Microtoscoptes fahlbuschi | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Mioheteromys subterior | Sp. nov | Valid | Korth & Evander | Miocene (early Barstovian) | | United States ( Nebraska) | A heteromyid rodent, a species of Mioheteromys. |
| Mimomys chandolensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tiunov, Golenishchev & Voyta | Late Pleistocene | | Russia ( Primorsky Krai) | An arvicoline cricetid, a species of Mimomys. |
| Mimomys teilhardi | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of Arvicolinae. |
| Minocastor | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff | Early Miocene | Nakamura Formation | Japan | A member of Castoridae. The type species is Minocastor godai. |
| Mubhammys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sallam & Seiffert | Eocene (late Priabonian) | Jebel Qatrani Formation | Egypt | A member of Phiomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Mubhammys vadumensis. |
| Myocricetodon tomidai | Sp. nov | Valid | Lindsay & Flynn | Early Miocene | Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation | Pakistan | A member of Cricetidae, a species of Myocricetodon. |
| Mystemys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Savorelli & Masini | Miocene | | Italy | A member of Cricetidae. The type species is M. giganteus. |
| Neochoerus occidentalis | Sp. nov. | Valid | Carranza-Castañeda | Late Blancan-Irvingtonian | | Mexico | |
| Nonanomalurus parvus | Sp. nov | Valid | Marivaux et al. | Early Oligocene | Samlat Formation | Western Sahara | A member of Anomaluroidea. |
| ?Notoparamys blochi | Sp. nov | Valid | Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels | Wasatchian | Wasatch Formation | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Ischyromyidae belonging to the subfamily Paramyinae, tentatively assigned to the genus Notoparamys. |
| Orientiglis | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A dormouse related to members of the genus Dryomys. Genus includes O. wuae (Qiu, 1996). |
| Oromys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Marivaux et al. | Early Oligocene | Samlat Formation | Western Sahara | A member of Zenkerellinae. The type species is O. zenkerellinopsis. |
| Paciculus walshi | Sp. nov | Valid | Lindsay et al. | Oligocene | Otay Formation | United States ( California) | A member of Cricetidae, a species of Paciculus. |
| Palaeosciurus aoerbanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A ground squirrel. |
| Palaeosteiromys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boivin et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A New World porcupine. The type species is P. amazonensis. |
| Pappocricetodon siziwangqiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li, Meng & Wang | Late Eocene | | China | A member of Cricetidae, a species of Pappocricetodon. |
| Paradelomys santjaumensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Bonilla-Salomón et al. | Eocene | | Spain | A member of Theridomyidae, a species of Paradelomys. |
| Paralactaga parvidens | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga. |
| Paralactaga shalaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga. |
| Parameniscomys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Aplodontiidae. Genus includes new species P. mengensis. |
| Paranomalurus riodeoroensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Marivaux et al. | Early Oligocene | Samlat Formation | Western Sahara | An anomalure. |
| Paratheridomys | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Vianey-Liaud & Marivaux | Oligocene | | Belgium  France  Germany  Switzerland | A member of Theridomyidae. The type species is "Theridomys" ludensis Vianey-Liaud (1985); genus also includes P. margaritae (Vianey-Liaud, 1989) and P. vassoni (Pomel, 1853). |
| Pentabuneomys fejfari | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Eomyidae. |
| Plesiodipus robustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Plesiosciurus zhengi | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Jin | Cenozoic (probably Miocene) | | China | A member of Sciurini. |
| Plesiosteiromys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boivin et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A caviomorph rodent, possibly a New World porcupine. The type species is P. newelli. |
| Postcopemys chapalensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Rincón et al. | Early Pliocene | Chapala Formation | Mexico | A member of Cricetidae. |
| Potamarchus adamiae | Sp. nov | Valid | Kerber et al. | Late Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | A potamarchine dinomyid, a species of Potamarchus. |
| Potwarmus mahmoodi | Sp. nov | Valid | Lindsay & Flynn | Early Miocene | Vihowa Formation | Pakistan | A member of Cricetidae, a species of Potwarmus. |
| Primus cheemai | Sp. nov | Valid | Lindsay & Flynn | Late Oligocene to Early Miocene | Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation | Pakistan | A member of Cricetidae, a species of Primus. |
| Proansomys badamae | Sp. nov | Valid | Maridet et al. | Late Oligocene | Hsanda Gol Formation | Mongolia | A member of Aplodontiidae. |
| Prodistylomys mengensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Distylomyidae. |
| Progonomys shalaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Muridae. |
| Protalactaga lophodens | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga. |
| Pseudaplodon amuwusuensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Aplodontiidae. |
| Pseudopotamarchus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kerber et al. | Late Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | A potamarchine dinomyid. The type species is Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai. |
| Pseudoratufa | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Jin | Cenozoic (probably Miocene) | | China | A relative of the oriental giant squirrels. The type species is P. wanensis. |
| Quadrimys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A member of the family Aplodontiidae. Genus includes new species Q. paradoxus. |
| Rhinocerodon abagensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. |
| Sayimys negevensis | Sp. nov | Valid | López-Antoñanzas et al. | Early Miocene | Middle Hatzeva Formation | Israel | A gundi, a species of Sayimys. |
| Scleromys praecursor | Sp. nov | Valid | Boivin et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A caviomorph rodent belonging to the superfamily Chinchilloidea. Originally described as a species of Scleromys; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Maquiamys. |
| Sicista bilikeensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A birch mouse. |
| Sicista ertemteensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A birch mouse. |
| Sinozapus parvus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A jumping mouse. |
| Sonidomys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species S. deligeri. |
| Spermophilinus mongolicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A relative of the chipmunks. |
| Tachyoryctoides colossus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae. |
| Tachyoryctoides vulgatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae. |
| Tamiops minor | Sp. nov | Valid | Qiu & Li | Neogene | | China | An Asiatic striped squirrel. |
| Ucayalimys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boivin et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A caviomorph rodent, possibly a member of the superfamily Chinchilloidea. The type species is U. crassidens. |
| Ullumys | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Olivares et al. | Miocene (Huayquerian) | Las Tapias Formation | Argentina | A member of Echimyidae. Genus includes new species U. pattoni, as well as "Eumysops" intermedius Rovereto. |

#### Primates

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Agerinia smithorum | Sp. nov | Valid | Femenias-Gual et al. | Early Eocene | | Spain | |
| Apidium zuetina | Sp. nov | Valid | Beard et al. | Early Oligocene | | Libya | A species of Apidium. |
| Bahinia banyueae | Sp. nov | Valid | Ni et al. | Early Oligocene | Caijiachong Formation | China | A member of Eosimiidae, a species of Bahinia. |
| Canaanimico | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Marivaux et al. | Late Oligocene | Chambira Formation | Peru | A New World monkey related to Soriacebus. The type species is C. amazonensis. |
| Cantius lohseorum | Sp. nov | Valid | Robinson | Early Eocene | Powder River Basin | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Notharctidae. |
| Gatanthropus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ni et al. | Early Oligocene | Caijiachong Formation | China | A relative of Ekgmowechashala. The type species is Gatanthropus micros. |
| Laomaki | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ni et al. | Early Oligocene | Caijiachong Formation | China | A member of Adapiformes belonging to the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is Laomaki yunnanensis. |
| Megaceralemur | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Robinson | Eocene | | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Notharctidae. A new genus for "Pelycodus" trigonodus Matthew (1915); genus also includes new species M. matthewi. |
| Oligotarsius | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ni et al. | Early Oligocene | Caijiachong Formation | China | A tarsier-like primate. The type species is Oligotarsius rarus. |
| Panamacebus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bloch et al. | Early Miocene | Las Cascadas Formation | Panama | A New World monkey, probably a member of Cebidae. The type species is Panamacebus transitus. |
| Pinolophus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Robinson | Eocene | | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Notharctidae. The type species P. meikei. |
| Semnopithecus gwebinensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Takai et al. | Late Pliocene | | Myanmar | A gray langur. |
| Yunnanadapis | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Ni et al. | Early Oligocene | Caijiachong Formation | China | A member of Adapiformes belonging to the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is Yunnanadapis folivorus; genus also includes Yunnanadapis imperator. |

#### Other eutherians

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon | Sp. nov | Valid | Borths, Holroyd & Seiffert | Eocene (latest Priabonian) | Jebel Qatrani Formation | Egypt | A hyainailourine hyaenodont. |
| Amphilagus tomidai | Sp. nov | Valid | Erbajeva, Angelone & Alexeeva | Miocene | | Russia ( Irkutsk Oblast) | A lagomorph, a species of Amphilagus. |
| Antesorex wilsoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Korth & Evander | Miocene (early Barstovian) | | United States ( Nebraska) | A shrew, a species of Antesorex. |
| Belgoryctes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | De Bast & Smith | Paleocene | Hainin Formation | Belgium | A member of Palaeoryctidae. The type species is B. thaleri. |
| Brychotherium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Borths, Holroyd & Seiffert | Eocene (latest Priabonian) | Jebel Qatrani Formation | Egypt | A teratodontine hyaenodont. The type species is B. ephalmos. |
| Cambaytherium gracilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Smith et al. | Eocene (Ypresian) | Cambay Shale Formation | India | A perissodactyl-like ungulate. |
| Cingulodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | De Bast & Smith | Paleocene | Hainin Formation | Belgium | An eutherian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of the family Louisinidae. The type species is C. magioncaldai. |
| Eoictops | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels | Wasatchian | Wasatch Formation | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae. The type species is E. novaceki. |
| Eurolestes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | De Bast & Smith | Paleocene | Hainin Formation | Belgium | A member of Pantolesta belonging to the family Pentacodontidae. The type species is E. dupuisi. |
| Gomphos progressus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li, Wang & Fostowicz-Frelik | Eocene (Irdinmanhan) | Ulan Shireh Formation | China | A member of Glires belonging to the family Mimotonidae. |
| Hegetotherium cerdasensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Croft et al. | Miocene (Langhian) | Cerdas beds | Bolivia | A notoungulate, a species of Hegetotherium. |
| Indoesthonyx | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith et al. | Eocene (Ypresian) | Cambay Shale Formation | India | A member of Tillodontia. The type species is I. suratensis. |
| Lanthanotherium observatum | Sp. nov | Valid | Korth & Evander | Miocene (early Barstovian) | | United States ( Nebraska) | A member of Erinaceidae, a species of Lanthanotherium. |
| Mina | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Middle Paleocene | Wanghudun Formation | China | A basal member of Glires. The type species is Mina hui. |
| Ounalashkastylus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Chiba et al. | Miocene | | United States ( Alaska) | A desmostylian. The type species is Ounalashkastylus tomidai. |
| Palaeictops altimontis | Sp. nov | Valid | Velazco & Novacek | Eocene (Uintan) | Tepee Trail Formation | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae. |
| Palaeictops robustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Velazco & Novacek | Eocene (Uintan) | Uinta Formation | United States ( Utah) | A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae. |
| Palaeosinopa lacus | Sp. nov | Valid | Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels | Wasatchian | Wasatch Formation | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Pantolestidae. |
| Pternoconius bondi | Sp. nov | Valid | Cheme Arriaga, Dozo & Gelfo | Miocene (Colhuehuapian) | Sarmiento Formation | Argentina | A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Macraucheniidae and the subfamily Cramaucheniinae. |
| Ptilocercus kylin | Sp. nov | Valid | Li & Ni | Earliest Oligocene | Lijiawa Mammalian Fossil locality | China | A treeshrew related to the pen-tailed treeshrew. |
| Purgatorius pinecreeensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Scott, Fox & Redman | Paleocene (Puercan) | Ravenscrag Formation | Canada ( Saskatchewan) | |
| Quadratodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | De Bast & Smith | Paleocene | Hainin Formation | Belgium | An eutherian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Erinaceomorpha. The type species is Q. sigei. |
| Rzebikia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Sansalone, Kotsakis & Piras | Pliocene to Pleistocene (Villanyian) | | Bulgaria  Poland | A relative of the American shrew mole. A new genus for "Neurotrichus" polonicus Skoczeń (1980) and "Neurotrichus" skoczeni Zijlstra (2010). |
| Sanshuilophus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mao et al. | Early Eocene | Huayong Formation | China | A member of Phenacolophidae (a group of archaic ungulate mammals of uncertain phylogenetic placement). The type species is Sanshuilophus zhaoi. |
| Scalopoides hutchisoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Korth & Evander | Miocene (early Barstovian) | | United States ( Nebraska) | A member of Talpidae, a species of Scalopoides. |
| Trachytherus ramirezi | Sp. nov | Valid | Shockey, Billet & Salas-Gismondi | Oligocene (Deseadan) | Moquegua Formation | Peru | A mesotheriid notoungulate, a species of Trachytherus. |
| Vassacyon prieuri | Sp. nov | Valid | Solé et al. | Latest Paleocene | | France | A basal member of Carnivoraformes, a species of Vassacyon. |
| Zofialestes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Fostowicz-Frelik | Late Cretaceous (?late Campanian) | Barun Goyot Formation | Mongolia | A relative of Zalambdalestes. The type species is Z. longidens. |

## Other mammals
### Research

* A study on the differences in cusp arrangement on the surface of molars of Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium and its impact on ability of the teeth to fracture prey is published by Conith et al. (2016).
* Description of a new specimen of Kollikodon ritchiei and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Pian et al. (2016).
* A redescription of Teinolophos trusleri is published by Rich et al. (2016).
* A study comparing the skull anatomy of the extant platypus and the Miocene Obdurodon dicksoni is published by Asahara et al. (2016).
* A partial mandible of the amphitheriid Palaeoxonodon ooliticus, previously known only from isolated teeth, is described from the Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) Kilmaluag Formation (Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom) by Close et al. (2016).
* A study on the morphological disparity, dietary trends and generic level taxonomic diversity patterns in early therians is published by Grossnickle & Newham (2016).

### New taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Anebodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bi et al. | Early Cretaceous | Yixian Formation | China | A symmetrodont belonging to the family Zhangheotheriidae. The type species is A. luoi. |
| Cherwellia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Butler & Sigogneau-Russell | Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) | | United Kingdom | A possible member of Morganucodonta. The type species is C. leei. |
| Culicolestes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cifelli, Cohen & Davis | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Cedar Mountain Formation | United States ( Utah) | A member of Tribosphenida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. kielanae. |
| Dakotadens pertritus | Sp. nov | Valid | Cifelli, Cohen & Davis | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Cedar Mountain Formation | United States ( Utah) | A member of Tribosphenida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Eotriconodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Butler & Sigogneau-Russell | Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) | | United Kingdom | A member of Triconodontidae. The type species is E. sophron. |
| Gobiconodon bathoniensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Butler & Sigogneau-Russell | Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) | | United Kingdom | |
| Lactodens | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Han & Meng | Early Cretaceous | | China | A ‘symmetrodont’ related to Spalacolestes. Genus includes new species L. sheni. |
| Mangasbaatar | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rougier et al. | Late Cretaceous (probably late Campanian) | | Mongolia | A djadochtatheriid multituberculate. The type species is M. udanii. |
| Morganucodon tardus | Sp. nov | Valid | Butler & Sigogneau-Russell | Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) | | United Kingdom | |
| Phascolotherium simpsoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Butler & Sigogneau-Russell | Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) | | United Kingdom | A member of Eutriconodonta. |
| Stylidens | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Butler & Sigogneau-Russell | Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) | | United Kingdom | A possible member of Morganucodonta. The type species is S. hookeri. |
| Teutonodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Martin et al. | Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) | | Germany | A plagiaulacid multituberculate. The type species is T. langenbergensis. |
| Theroteinus rosieriensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Debuysschere | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | | France | A member of Haramiyida belonging to the family Theroteinidae. |