# Robert Fitzgerald

Robert Stuart Fitzgerald (12 October 1910 – 16 January 1985) was an American poet, literary critic and translator whose renderings of the Greek classics "became standard works for a generation of scholars and students". He was best known as a translator of ancient Greek and Latin. He also composed several books of his own poetry.

## Biography

Fitzgerald grew up in Springfield, Illinois, and graduated from The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut. He entered Harvard in 1929, and in 1931 a number of his poems were published in Poetry magazine. After graduating from Harvard in 1933 he became a reporter for the New York Herald Tribune for a year.
Later he worked for several years for Time. In 1940, William Saroyan lists him among "associate editors" at Time in the play, Love's Old Sweet Song. Whittaker Chambers mentions him as a colleague in his 1952 memoir, Witness.
In World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy in Guam and Pearl Harbor. Later he was an instructor at Sarah Lawrence and Princeton University, poetry editor of The New Republic. He succeeded Archibald MacLeish as Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard in 1965 and served until his retirement in 1981.
He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. From 1984 to 1985 he was appointed Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, a position now known as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry, the United States' equivalent of a national poet laureate, but did not serve due to illness. In 1984 Fitzgerald received a L.H.D. from Bates College.
Fitzgerald is widely known as one of the most poetic translators into the English language. He also served as literary executor to Flannery O'Connor, who was a boarder at his home in Redding, Connecticut, from 1949 to 1951. Fitzgerald's wife at the time, Sally Fitzgerald, compiled O'Connor's essays and letters after O'Connor's death. Benedict Fitzgerald (who co-wrote the screenplay for The Passion of the Christ with Mel Gibson), Barnaby Fitzgerald, and Michael Fitzgerald are sons of Robert and Sally.
Fitzgerald was married three times. He later moved to Hamden, Connecticut, where he died at his home after a long illness.

## Works
### Translations

* Euripides (1936). The Alcestis of Euripides. Translators Dudley Fitts, Robert Fitzgerald. Harcourt, Brace and Company.
* Sophocles (1951). Oedipus Rex. Translators Dudley Fitts, Robert Fitzgerald. Faber and Faber.
* Sophocles (1954). Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone. Translators David Grene, Robert Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Wyckoff. University of Chicago Press.
* Homer's The Odyssey. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1961.
** Homer (1965). The Odyssey. Translator Robert Fitzgerald. Houghton Mifflin Company.
** Homer (1998). The Odyssey. Translator Robert Fitzgerald. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-22438-7.
* Homer (1974). The Iliad. Doubleday.
** Homer (1998). The Iliad. Translator Robert Fitzgerald. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-283405-8.
* Virgil (1983). The Aeneid. Translator Robert Fitzgerald. Random House. ISBN 0-394-52827-1.

### Poems

* Poems. Arrow Editions. 1935.
* A Wreath for the Sea. Arrow editions. 1943.
* In the Rose of Time: Poems, 1939-1956. W W Norton & Co Inc. 1956. ISBN 978-0-8112-0279-4.
* Spring Shade: Poems, 1931-1970. New Directions. 1971. ISBN 978-0-8112-0052-3.

### Editor

* Robert Fitzgerald, ed. (1969). The Collected Poems of James Agee. Calder and Boyars. ISBN 978-0-7145-0887-0.
* James Agee (1976). Robert Fitzgerald (ed.). The Collected Short Prose of James Agee. Cherokee Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87797-302-7.
* Flannery O'Connor (1969). Sally Fitzgerald, Robert Fitzgerald (ed.). Mystery and manners: occasional prose. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-50804-3.
* Flannery O'Connor (1965). Sally Fitzgerald, Robert Fitzgerald (ed.). Everything that rises must converge. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-50464-9.