OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gromov product

In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define δ-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov.

## Definition

Let (X, d) be a metric space and let x, y, z ∈ X. Then the Gromov product of y and z at x, denoted (y, z)$_x$, is defined by
    $(y,z)_{x}={\frac {1}{2}}{\bigd(x,y)+d(x,z)-d(y,z){\big )}.$

## Motivation

Given three points x, y, z in the metric space X, by the triangle inequality there exist non-negative numbers a, b, c such that $d(x,y)=a+b,\ d(x,z)=a+c,\ d(y,z)=b+c$. Then the Gromov products are $(y,z)_{x}=a,\ (x,z)_{y}=b,\ (x,y)_{z}=c$. In the case that the points x, y, z are the outer nodes of a tripod then these Gromov products are the lengths of the edges.
In the hyperbolic, spherical or euclidean plane, the Gromov product (A, B)$_C$ equals the distance p between C and the point where the incircle of the geodesic triangle ABC touches the edge CB or CA. Indeed from the diagram c = (a – p) + (b – p), so that p = (a + b – c)/2 = (A,B)$_C$. Thus for any metric space, a geometric interpretation of (A, B)$_C$ is obtained by isometrically embedding (A, B, C) into the euclidean plane.

## Properties

* The Gromov product is symmetric: (y, z)$_x$ = (z, y)$_x$.
* The Gromov product degenerates at the endpoints: (y, z)$_y$ = (y, z)$_z$ = 0.
* For any points p, q, x, y and z,
       $d(x,y)=(x,z)_{y}+(y,z)_{x},$
       $0\leq (y,z)_{x}\leq \min {\big \d(y,x),d(z,x){\big \}},$
       ${\big |}(y,z)_{p}-(y,z)_{q}{\big |}\leq d(p,q),$
       ${\big |}(x,y)_{p}-(x,z)_{p}{\big |}\leq d(y,z).$

## Points at infinity

Consider hyperbolic space H$^n$. Fix a base point p and let $x_{\infty }$ and $y_{\infty }$ be two distinct points at infinity. Then the limit
       $\liminf _{x\to x_{\infty } \atop y\to y_{\infty }}(x,y)_{p}$
exists and is finite, and therefore can be considered as a generalized Gromov product. It is actually given by the formula
       $(x_{\infty },y_{\infty })_{p}=\log \csc(\theta /2),$
where $\theta$ is the angle between the geodesic rays $px_{\infty }$ and $py_{\infty }$.

## δ-hyperbolic spaces and divergence of geodesics

The Gromov product can be used to define δ-hyperbolic spaces in the sense of Gromov.: (X, d) is said to be δ-hyperbolic if, for all p, x, y and z in X,
       $(x,z)_{p}\geq \min {\big \(x,y)_{p},(y,z)_{p}{\big \}}-\delta .$
In this case. Gromov product measures how long geodesics remain close together. Namely, if x, y and z are three points of a δ-hyperbolic metric space then the initial segments of length (y, z)$_x$ of geodesics from x to y and x to z are no further than 2δ apart (in the sense of the Hausdorff distance between closed sets).
# Wang Yu (chess player)

Wang Yu (Chinese: 王瑜; born 19 November 1982 in Tianjin) is a Chinese chess player who holds the FIDE titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM).

## Chess career

In 1996, Wang won the World Under-14 Girls Championship and in 1998, won the World U16 Girls Championship. In 1999, she won the Asian Junior Girls' Championship in Vũng Tàu. Wang finished runner-up at the World Under-18 Girls Championship of 2000.
Wang Yu won the Asian Women's Chess Championship of 2004 in Beirut. In 2005, she won the Chinese Women's Chess Championship.

## National team

Wang played for the B team in 1999 and for the first team in 2003 at the Women's Asian Team Chess Championship (overall record is 11 games: +6, =2, -3). She also played for the Chinese women's team at the World Team Chess Championship in Beersheba (overall record was 6 games:+0, =2, -4). In 2006 Wang Yu was a member of the Chinese team which won the bronze medal at the Women's 37th Chess Olympiad (played 4 games in total: +1, =1, -2).
Wang was part of the women's team in the 2007 China-Russia Summit Match.

## IM title

In 2007, she gained the International Master (IM) title. She achieved her IM norms at:
* Tan Chin Nam Cup International GM Open in Qingdao, China (July 4–8, 2002); score 4.0/9
* Aeroflot Open 2004 B Group in Moscow, Russia (February 16–26, 2004); score 5.5/9
* Dubai Open 2005 in Dubai, UAE (April 4–12, 2005); score 5.0/9

## WGM title

In 2003, she gained the Woman Grandmaster (WGM) title. She achieved her WGM norms at:
* China Women's Ch. in Suzhou, China (March–April 2001); score 6.0/9
* 9th Asian Women's Ch. in Chennai, India (Sept 2001); score 7.0/9
* Tan Chin Nam Cup GM in Qingdao (July 2002); score 4.0/9

## China Chess League

Wang Yu plays for Beijing chess club in the China Chess League (CCL).
# Conway Center Historic District

The Conway Center Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Conway, Massachusetts. The district is focused on Main Street, a section of Massachusetts Route 116 that connects two major road intersections on either side of the South River. It includes properties on Main Street, Elm Street, and Academy Hill Road, and is generally representative of the growth of the community between about 1830 and 1930. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

## Description and history

The town of Conway was settled in the 1760s and incorporated in 1767. The town's meetinghouse and early taverns were located in the area of the South River, along the main east-west road (which ran north of present Massachusetts Route 116). The area saw increased economic activity with the advent of industrialization in the 19th century, which took place in Conway primarily a short way to the west of the center in Burkeville. The main road was relocated southward in 1832, from which time the present town center began to take shape. The lack of railroad access to the area hurt the town's textile mills in the later 19th century, whose decline a belated introduction of a streetcar rail failed to stem.
Many of the structures in Conway Center are houses, which are predominantly of 19th century wood frame construction, although there are a number of Colonial Revival structures from the early 20th century. Forty percent of the building stock was built during the boom years of the 1840s and 1850s, and is mainly Greek Revival in character. Prominent buildings include the 1895-6 Queen Anne style Masonic Hall, and the 1901 Classical Revival Field Memorial Library. The district also includes the bridge carrying Main Street over the river (built 1925, concrete), and a traffic island at the western end of the district (where Main Street meets River Street, Baptist Hill Road, and Shelburne Hill Road) which contains a water fountain erected by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1905.
# Jacques Mauger

Jacques Mauger was born in Normandy and studied the trombone at the " Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique de Paris ". A prize-winner at international competitions at Markneukirchen and at Toulon, he started his professional career as first trombone with the Nice Philharmonic Orchestra, and then became trombone soloist with the Paris Opera Orchestra. Since 1990, he has concentrated on working as a concert artist, and has often appeared as a soloist and abroad with ensembles varying from string, and symphony orchestras, to brass and concert bands. He has also made television appearances on ZDF,GLOBO, RAI and MUZZIK in France, and many international composers have composed original works or made special arrangements for him. Jacques Mauger is still active as a teacher at the "Conservatoire à Rayonnement Régional de Paris and the trombone Professor HEMU of Lausanne. He has recorded more than 30 CDs as a soloist.
He is also guest professor at the Senzoku Gaquen University of Tokyo, Japan. He often gives masterclasses in numerous countries: France, the U.K, Japan, Korea, China, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, the United States, and South America.
In 2007 his newly developed studies collection for trombone (in collaboration with Jean-Michel Defaye) will be published in his collection IMD Arpèges publications Paris. He also developed the new AC440 trombone model in Antoine Courtois Paris brass factory. In his role as a true Ambassador of the French school and its repertoire, he regularly presents masterclasses throughout the world for the soloists of tomorrow. Jacques Mauger is the new president of the “Association des Trombonistes Français” and president of the International Trombone Association since 2020.

## Discography

* Latitudes Trombone - J.C.M.A. 07
* Trombone, Brass Band - 43RI02
* Showcase for Trombone - JCMA Production: jcmasarl@wanadoo.fr
* Virtuoso trombone - KICC 109
* Super Sonic trombone - KICC 191
* Great Trombone concertos - Indésens INDE079
* Trombone Méditation - Indésens INDE029
* Jacques Mauger & Friends - Tutti Records TUTT002
* Baroque Trombone Concerti - Tutti Records TUT005
* Special Trombone et Strombor Brass Quintet - JCMA Production: jcmasarl@wanadoo.fr
* Tour de Slide with Irvin Wagner Oklahoma Trombone Choir
* Tbon & Jacques (Ferran Ferrer, Jean-Michel Defaye, Daniel Bimbi Musique militaire Gran-Ducale) - Indésens INDE116
* Sixty Years of Trombone (Bernsteinn, legrand, Moussorgski) - Indésens INDE140
# Tom O'Halloran (climber)

Tom O'Halloran is an Australian rock climber who specialises in competition climbing, sport climbing, bouldering.

## Climbing career
### Competition climbing

While O'Halloran is mainly a non-competitive rock climber, he decided to come out of competition retirement in an attempt to make the Olympic team. He qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics by winning the combined men's format in the 2020 IFSC Oceania Championships.
O'Halloran finished twentieth in the Qualification round, his best effort being placed seventeenth for speed. He, therefore, did not compete in the finals. Detailed results are in Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

### Rock climbing

An accomplished sport climber, he has bolted many of Australia's hardest sport climbing routes. He is also a boulderer and in 2017, he climbed The Wheel of Life, a notable V15 (8C) boulder problem.

## Other activities

O'Halloran is also notable for competing in two seasons of Australian Ninja Warrior.
# Simcoe Composite School

Simcoe Composite School is a high school in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.
More than 800 students attend this rural secondary school and courses range from English, French, Art, Music, and Mathematics to Computer Sciences, Business, Athletics, Cosmetology, Tech, World History, Civics, and Drama class. Megan Timpf, a representative for the 2008 Canadian softball team at the Olympic Games in Beijing attended this high school.
Other notable alumni include the late saxophonist Margo Davidson, one of the founding members of The Parachute Club, which achieved international success in the 1980s, and Rick Danko, the bassist of The Band. Rob Blake, the former captain of the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL and Olympic Gold Medal winner for men's ice hockey, also attended Simcoe Composite School starting in 1983 and ending around 1987. Dr. Robert Gardner emigrated to this school from Glasgow, Scotland and graduated as a member of the Class of 1956.
# Corrado Maria Daclon

Corrado Maria Daclon (born 1963) is an Italian scientist and journalist.

## Biography

He was born in Milan. Since 1995 he has been a professor of environmental policy and geopolitics at the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy, journalist, writer, and a collaborative editorial contributor with periodicals on international energy, environmental and geopolitical issues. Since 1987 to 2012 he has led the oldest Italian environmental organization, Pro Natura.
From 1986 he worked at the highest advisory levels with Government Ministers of the Italian National Government (Prime Minister, Minister of Environment, Minister of Scientific Research, Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Education). Since 1999 Corrado Maria Daclon has been a senior advisor and scientific partner of the NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, and he has developed relationships with the most senior levels of such international institutions and federal agencies as the European Union (EU), NASA, United Nations (UN) and the Council of Europe, and has published over 60 scientific articles and 16 books, several of which have been adopted as major university text books in Europe and the Mediterranean region. He received the Diploma Meritorium award from European commissioner Stanley Clinton Davis.
In the 1990s he was a member of UNEP Governing Council in Nairobi, to prepare the Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro, also known as United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Since 2000 he has been the Italian Focal Point of the Earth Charter project. As of 2005 he has also held the post of Secretary General of the Italy-USA Foundation, the Embassy of the United States in Rome officially attended the establishment of the Foundation, represented by the Minister Counselor for Public Affairs. Dr. Daclon’s government and university service includes work in more than 60 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America.
He is a columnist of the magazine Gnosis published by the Italian Agency of Intelligence Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna, and blogger of Huffington Post.

## External links and sources

* All American Entertainment - Speakers
* Executive Manager - Biography
* Pro Natura - Staff
* European Commission, Representation in Italy - List of experts
* Catalogue of Italian Libraries and for Bibliographic Information Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
* Italy-USA Foundation - Staff
* University of Venice - List of Academics
* Earth Charter Focal Point in Italy
* Magazine Gnosis Archived 2014-09-22 at the Wayback Machine
* blogger Huffington Post
# Atif Ali

Atif Ali (born 26 June 1984) is a Pakistani cricketer who has played in more than 50 first-class matches between 2001 and 2017.
# Corbett Historic District

Corbett Historic District is a national historic district at Monkton, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a group of 20 dwellings, a doctor's office, a former store/post office, a brothel, and a school comprising the village of Corbett in rural northern Baltimore County, Maryland. Most of the buildings date from about 1880 through about 1920. They reflect the period of Corbett's development as a stop on the Northern Central Railway, and a local commercial, industrial, and transportation center for the surrounding farms.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Litlesotra

Litlesotra, or sometimes Lille Sotra, is an island in Øygarden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is part of the Sotra island group which makes up the southern part of a larger archipelago of islands from Fedje south through Øygarden. The 16.7-square-kilometre (6.4 sq mi) island has about 10,000 residents. The main settlement on the island is Straume. Other settlements include Knarrevik, Foldnes, and Brattholmen. The island is connected to the mainland via the Sotra Bridge. It is also connected to the large island of Sotra, via a series of bridges over the island of Bildøy.
The island lies where the Hjeltefjorden meets the Byfjorden. The island of Bjorøyna lies to the south, the island of Askøy to the northeast, the island of Geitung to the northwest, and Bildøy and Sotra islands to the west. The Bergen Peninsula on the mainland lies to the east.
# Mr. Throwback

Mr. Throwback is an American comedy television series that premiered on Peacock on August 8, 2024. It stars Adam Pally as former teenage basketball phenom Danny Grossman. In order to pay back a debt, he ingratiates himself with NBA basketball player Stephen Curry, who plays himself. Ego Nwodim and Ayden Mayeri also star.

## Cast
### Main

* Adam Pally as Danny Grossman
* Stephen Curry as himself
* Ego Nwodim as Kimberly Gregg
* Ayden Mayeri as Samantha Judlow

### Recurring

* Tracy Letts as Mitch Grossman
* Layla Scalisi as Charlie Grossman
* Tien Tran as Lucy
* Rich Sommer as Dr. Josh

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "Why Not Me" | David Wain | Story by : Daniel Libman & David Caspe & Matthew Libman & Adam Pally Teleplay by : Daniel Libman & David Caspe & Matthew Libman | August 8, 2024 (2024-08-08) |
| 2 | "Charlie World" | David Wain | Gail Lerner | August 8, 2024 (2024-08-08) |
| 3 | "The Slump" | David Wain | Phil Augusta Jackson | August 8, 2024 (2024-08-08) |
| 4 | "The Only Way Out Is Through" | David Wain | Amina Munir | August 8, 2024 (2024-08-08) |
| 5 | "Bang Bang" | David Wain | Rickey Larke | August 8, 2024 (2024-08-08) |
| 6 | "Eric Roth Costs a Fortune, Bro" | David Wain | Ally Thibault & Jillian Dukes & Daniel Libman & Matthew Libman | August 8, 2024 (2024-08-08) |

## Release

Mr. Throwback was released on Peacock on August 8, 2024. It was later announced that the show would repeat on NBC on September 12, 2024.

## Reception

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 82% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Mr. Throwback gets considerable lift from a very game Steph Curry, making for a daffy mockumentary that scores with consistent three-pointers if not slam dunks." Metacritic gave the first season a weighted average score of 57 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
# 1950 Bulgarian Cup

The 1950 Bulgarian Cup was the 10th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition after three games in the final against CSKA Sofia.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Levski Sofia | 3–1 | Sportist Svoge |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 4–2 | Spartak Varna |
| Chernomorets Burgas | 0–1 | Slavia Sofia |
| Dunav Ruse | 0–2 | Spartak Pleven |
| Akademik Sofia | 3–0 (w/o) | Minyor Pernik |
| Marek Dupnitsa | 1–3 | Cherveno Zname Sofia |
| Lokomotiv Plovdiv | 0–1 (a.e.t.) | CSKA Sofia |
| Torpedo Pleven | 2–2 (a.e.t.) | Spartak Sofia |
| Replay |||
| Torpedo Pleven | 0–3 | Spartak Sofia |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| CSKA Sofia | 2–0 | Lokomotiv Sofia |
| Spartak Pleven | 4–0 | Slavia Sofia |
| Levski Sofia | 3–0 | Spartak Sofia |
| Akademik Sofia | 3–0 | Cherveno Zname Sofia |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Spartak Pleven | 0–1 | Levski Sofia |
| CSKA Sofia | 0–0 (a.e.t.) | Akademik Sofia |
| Replay |||
| CSKA Sofia | 4–1 | Akademik Sofia |
# Främling

Främling (English: "Stranger") is the debut studio album by Swedish pop singer Carola Häggkvist, released on 26 March 1983. On the 1984 album charts, the album peaked at number one in Sweden and number two in Norway.

## Track listing

* "Främling" (Lasse Holm - Monica Forsberg)
* "Säg mig var du står" ("Why, tell me why") (M. Duiser, G. Elias, P. Souer - Ingela Forsman)
* "Benjamin" (M. Duiser, G. Elias - Ingela Forsman)
* "Gör det någonting" (Torgny Söderberg - Monica Forsberg)
* "Gloria" (Giancarlo Bigazzi, Umberto Tozzi - Ingela Forsman)
* "You Bring Out the Best in Me" (B. Findon - M. Myers)
* "Mickey" (Nicky Chinn, Mike Chapman - Ingela Forsman)
* "Se på mig" (Lasse Holm - Ingela Forsman)
* "Liv" (Lasse Holm - Ingela Forsman)
* "Visa lite mänsklighet" ("A Little Tenderness") (M. Leeson, P. Vale - Liza Öhman)
* "14 maj" ("4th of July") (T. Cliff, B. Wade - Ingela Forsman)
* "Du försvinner i natten" ("Paris Dies in the Morning") (A. McCrorie-Shand, L. Sayer - Liza Öhman)

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 2 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |
# Fish Flake Hill Historic District

The Fish Flake Hill Historic District encompasses a section of Front Street in Beverly, Massachusetts that includes a remarkable concentration of colonial buildings, and which was notable for its importance in the American Revolutionary War. The district, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, includes properties on both sides of Front Street between Cabot and Bartlett Streets. It includes houses dating to the middle 18th century, sixteen of which have been documented as being associated with ship captains active in the American Revolutionary War. The port area of Beverly was one of the most active during the war, and was one of the places where many captured ships were brought.

## History

The district is the oldest neighborhood in Beverly, founded in 1626 when Roger Conant led a group of settlers from Salem. The name of the district comes "from the 'flakes' or fish drying tables of the fish drying yards, which were found here until the late 19th century." The city created the district in 1971 and contains 152 properties on 35 acres.,
# Conservative Party

The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right.
Political parties by this name include:

## Europe
### Current

* Croatian Conservative Party
* Conservative Party (Czech Republic)
* Conservative People's Party (Denmark)
* Conservative Party of Georgia
* Conservative Party (Norway)
* Conservative Party (UK)
* The Conservatives (Latvia)

### Historical

* Conservative Party (Bulgaria), 1879–1884
* Conservative Party (Kingdom of Serbia), 1861-1895
* German Conservative Party, 1876–1918
* Conservative Party (Hungary), 1846–1849
* Conservative Party (Iceland), 1924–1927
* Conservative Party (Prussia), 1848–1876
* Vlad Țepeș League, in Romania 1929–1938
* Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918)
* Conservative Party (Romania), 1991–2015
* Conservative Party (Spain), 1876–1931
* Conservative Party (Sweden), 1995-1999
* Tories, Britain and Ireland 1678–1834; the roots of the Conservative Party (UK)

## Africa

* Conservative Party (Egypt)
* Conservative Party (Kenya)
* Conservative Party (South Africa)
* Conservative Party (Uganda)

## Americas
### Canada

* Conservative Labour (1872–1875)
* Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)
* Conservative Party of Canada (founded 2003)
* Liberal-Conservative Party, name until 1873 and 1922–1938
* National Liberal and Conservative Party, 1920–1921
* Nationalist Conservative (date?)
* Progressive Conservative Party (disambiguation) (date?)

### United States

* Conservative Party (United States)
* New Jersey Conservative Party
* Conservative Party of New York State
* Conservative Party (South Carolina)
* Conservative Party of Virginia (1867)
* Conservative Party of Virginia (1965)

### Others

* Conservative Party (Bolivia)
* Conservative Party (Brazil)
* Conservative Party (Chile), 1836–1948
* United Conservative Party (Chile), 1953–1966
* Colombian Conservative Party
* Conservative Party (Ecuador)
* Conservative Party (Guatemala), c. 1830–1920
* Conservative Party (Mexico), 1849–1867
* Conservative Party (Nicaragua)
* Conservative Party (Panama)
* Conservative Party (Venezuela)

## Asia
### Japan

* Conservative Party of Japan (founded 2023)
* New Conservative Party (Japan), 2000–2003

### Others

* Democratic Conservative Party (Syria), also simply known as the "Conservative Party"
* Conservative Party (Hong Kong)

## Oceania
### Australia

* Australian Conservatives

### New Zealand

* New Conservatives
* New Zealand Conservative Party
* New Zealand National Party
# Shahid Saeed

Shahid Saeed (Urdu: شاہد سعید) (born 6 January 1966) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in one Test match and 10 One Day Internationals from 1989 to 1993. He is one of four cricketers who debuted in the same match along with Sachin Tendulkar and Waqar Younis. After his playing career he resided in England working for a company that makes rail parts.
# Laura Ingram

Laura May Cook Ingram MBE (11 June 1912 – 6 December 1994) was a New Zealand teacher and community leader. She was born in Murchison, New Zealand, on 11 June 1912.
In the 1965 New Year Honours, Ingram was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services in the fields of community welfare and local government.