OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nagayo Sensai

Baron Nagayo Sensai (長与 専斎, October 16, 1838 – September 8, 1902) was a medical doctor, educator and statesman in Meiji period Japan.

## Biography

Nagayo was born to a family of traditional physicians in Ōmura Domain, Hizen Province (present day Ōmura Nagasaki Prefecture). After studies at the Gokōkan domain academy he studied rangaku under Ogata Kōan in Osaka, and returned to Ōmura afterwards to accept an official position with the domain and rank of samurai.
With the establishment of the Nagasaki Naval Training Center and Dutch military advisors in Nagasaki in 1860, Nagayo assisted Matsumoto Jun and Dutch physician J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort in establishing a medical training college which combined eastern and western medical practices. Nagayo continued to work with Pompe van Meerdervoot’s successor’s, Antonio Bauduin and Constant George van Mansveldt through 1868. The medical training college and its associated hospital is now part of Nagasaki University.
After the Meiji Restoration, in 1871 Nagayo was selected to accompany the Iwakura Mission on its around-the-world journey to the United States and Europe. He was especially impressed from what he saw of modern medical practices in Germany and the Netherlands during his visit. On his return to Japan in 1873, he established the modern Japanese medical establishment with the creation the Medical Affairs Bureau (the predecessor of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ), initially under the Ministry of Education, and later under the Home Ministry. He also promulgated the Vaccination Law, the comprehensive Medical Law, and established to Tokyo Igakkō, which later became the medical facility of Tokyo Imperial University.
After his retirement from medicine in 1891, Nagayo served on the Genrōin and became an appointed member House of Peers in the Diet of Japan. He was ennobled with the rank of danshaku (baron) in the kazoku peerage system.
Nagayo also established a hospital for tuberculosis patients in Yuigahama, Kamakura, and publicized the benefits of Kamakura as a health resort for its clean sea air. He died in 1902, and his grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo.

## References and further reading

* Ban, Tadayasu. Tekijuku to Nagayo Sensai: Eiseigaku to Shoko shishi. Sogensha 1987. ISBN 4-422-21009-2 (Japanese)
* Hardacre, Helen. New directions in the study of Meiji Japan. Brill. ISBN 9004107355
* Rogaski, Ruth. Hygienic Modernity: Meanings of Health and Disease in Treaty-Port China. University of California Press. (2004). ISBN 0520930606
# Václav Bělohradský

Václav Bělohradský (born January 17, 1944 Prague) is a Czech philosopher and sociologist.

## Life and career

Václav Bělohradský graduated in philosophy and Czech from Charles University, Prague, after which he lived in Italy, where he was Professor of Political Sociology at the University of Trieste. As a student of Jan Patočka, he influenced the thinking of Václav Havel. He is a representative of biocentrism, which he developed to refusing anthropocentric overestimation of symbol and culture. He also thinks we need to step back from "us" to be able to lay foundations of new and freer society. He co-participated with Chantal Mouffe and Slavoj Žižek at Monument to Transformation. He publishes his political commentaries and essays mainly in Czech daily Právo.
He lives in Prague, Czech Republic.

## Works

* Interpretazioni italiane di Wittgenstein, Milan, 1972.
* Ragionamento, azione, società. Sociologia della conoscenza in Vilfredo Pareto, Milan, 1974.
* Il mondo della vita: un problema politico, Milan, 1981.
* Krize eschatologie neosobnosti, London, 1982, 1984.
* Myslet zeleň světa. Rozhovor s K. Hvížďalou, 1985, 1991.
* Kapitalismus a občanské ctnosti, 1992.
* Mezi světy & mezisvěty, 1997.
* Společnost nevolnosti, 2007.
* Mezi světy & mezisvěty: Reloaded, 2013
# Paratha roll

Roll paratha or paratha roll (Urdu: رول پراٹھا ) is a popular Pakistani street food that is similar to shawarma. Roll Paratha is a paratha, a crispy oily flatbread, rolled around meat pieces or kebab, vegetables, and sauces. While any choice of meat may be used the most popular choice of meat is chicken.
The dish originated in and is a specialty of Karachi.

## Origins

The dish can be traced back to the 1970s in the city of Karachi, Pakistan when Hafiz Habib ur Rehman first created it out of necessity while serving a customer at Silver Spoon Snack, his Karachi restaurant. Normally he would serve a paratha and a kebab together on a plate with traditional sauce. However one day a customer in a hurry asked him to pack the paratha and kebab. Rehman rolled the kebab inside the paratha, wrapped it in a wax paper, and handed it over to the customer. Another customer witnessing it asked for the same parcel, and Rehman made it a regular offering. He developed a following for the dish by handing them out free with other orders and to passersby.

## Cultural importance

For many Pakistanis a paratha roll has emotional connotations. In the Pakistani tradition parathas have been a staple item for breakfast. Pakistan is a predominantly traditional family system where women cook for the family, and paratha roll is an easy dish both to make and to serve and is commonly served in homes. Many fans of paratha roll connect the experience with the memory of their mothers' cooking at home.
According to the Institute of Business Administration's Sahar Nadeem Hamid, paratha rolls are a type of fusion food.

## Availability

The dish is available across Pakistan from restaurants and street vendors. It is a common street food in Karachi. The dish is also available in India, Bangladesh and parts of the USA.

## Commercial version

In 2019, Kentucky Fried Chicken introduced Zingeratha, their version of the original dish. Eventually, KFC removed Zingeratha from their menu after it failed to gain a following.

## Variations

While beef, mutton, and lamb meat can be used, chicken is the most popular. The dish usually contains salad vegetables and a sauce such as chutney.

## Similar dishes

* Kati roll, a similar dish from Kolkata
* Shawarma, a similar dish from the Levant
* Dürüm
# Shō Jun (1873–1945)

Baron Shō Jun (尚 順, May 2, 1873 - June 17, 1945) was a prince of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, the fourth son of King Shō Tai, the last king of the kingdom. He played a major role in founding many 20th century institutions in Okinawa, including the Ryūkyū Shimpō newspaper, the Bank of Okinawa, the Taishō Gekijō theater, and a canning factory, and was a major figure in both the Japanese political and investment worlds of his time.
Following the abolition of the kingdom in 1879, Shō Jun, along with the rest of the Ryukyuan royal family, was made a baron in the new Japanese kazoku system of peerage. His father, King Shō Tai, was made marquis (侯爵, kōshaku); after his death in 1901, Shō Jun's eldest brother Shō Ten inherited the title. After the end of the formal mourning period, the Shō family gave up the trappings, rituals, and formal costume of Ryukyuan royalty and adopted the lifestyle and customs of the Japanese aristocracy.
Shō Jun was elected to the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet in 1904, and served two terms. After resigning his government post, he took over the administration of the Shō family's finances and other formal affairs.
In his later years, he managed the Tōbaru Plantation in Shuri, and created a tropical botanical garden on Gogayama in Nakijin. He became known as a man of culture and refinement in many fields of interest and as a calligrapher as well.
Shō Jun was killed in the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.
# Shō Ten

Marquess Shō Ten (尚典, 2 September 1864 – 20 September 1920) was the last crown prince of the Ryukyu Kingdom (中城王子, Nakagusuku Ōji, lit. Prince of Nakagusuku). He lost that title upon the abolition of the kingdom and the forced abdication of the king, his father, Shō Tai, in 1879, and later succeeded to the title of Marquess (侯爵, kōshaku) in the kazoku peerage following his father's death in 1901.

## Life

Shō Ten was born in Shuri and was from birth crown prince to the Ryukyu Kingdom. He underwent his coming-of-age ceremony in 1878 and was married the same year. In March 1879, his father Shō Tai formally abdicated upon the orders of the Meiji government, which abolished the kingdom, transforming Ryukyu domain into Okinawa Prefecture, with officials appointed from Tokyo to administer the islands. The former king was ordered to report to Tokyo, but feigning illness, he temporarily found shelter at his son's palace. Shō was then sent to Tokyo as a hostage and partial appeasement as Ryūkyūan officials searched for ways to delay the former king's departure.
Following his father's death and his succession as Marquess and head of the Shō family in 1901, Shō and his family gave up the trappings of traditional Ryukyuan royal court life, costume, court language, and ritual, and adopted those of the Japanese peerage. As Marquess, Shō held a hereditary seat in the House of Peers in the Imperial Diet. He was joined in representing Okinawa by a Japanese resident appointed to represent the prefecture's wealthiest taxpayers for the first time in 1918.
Shō died on 20 September 1920, in his mansion in Shuri and was entombed six days later in Tamaudun, the royal mausoleum near Shuri Castle, in accordance with traditional Ryukyuan royal funerary rites. He would be the last member of the Shō family to be honored in such a manner.

## Family

The family head was succeeded by his eldest son Shō Shō, then by Hiroshi Shō and the current incumbent, Mamoru Shō.
* Father: Shō Tai
* Mother: Omomatsurugane, Sashiki Aji-ganashi
* Wife: Shoko, Nodake Aji-ganashi
* Children:
** Shō Shō (b.1888)
** Nobuko (b. ?) engaged to Nakijin Chōei
** Sho Kei (b.1889)
** Sho Dan (b.1890)
** Sho Bu (b.1899)
# Juán Landolfi

Juán Agripino Landolfi (born 23 June 1914, date of death unknown) was an Argentine professional football player. He also held Italian citizenship. Landolfi is deceased.
# Quail Mountain (California)

Quail Mountain, at 5,816 feet (1,773 m), is the highest mountain in Joshua Tree National Park and the highest point in the Little San Bernardino Mountains of the very southern reach of the Mojave Desert. It is one of the southernmost peaks in the Transverse Ranges, with the Peninsular Ranges just across the Colorado Desert and Coachella Valley.

## Trails

The mountain can be reached by foot from almost any direction. The regular route utilizes the California Riding and Hiking Trail starting from Keys View road and traverses barren, burned desert 4.5 miles (7.2 km) to Juniper Flats. From there it is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) more of cross-country hiking to the flat summit which is marked by a large cairn. There are no trails to the summit, all routes involve cross-country hiking.
The best times to hike the peak are Fall, Winter and Spring. Winter can be very cold and windy, and summer is very hot and not recommended. Fall (October–December) is probably the safest time to visit the peak. Watch for rattlesnakes in the spring. There is no water or shade en route.

## Natural history
### Flora

Quail Mountain was previously covered with old-growth California juniper (Juniperus californica) and Single-leaf Pinyon (Pinus monophylla), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), and Coastal sage scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) woodland. Several wildfires burned over the mountain, leaving it very barren of taller woody plants, which continues while their slow natural regeneration occurs. There are occasional Pinyon pines and California junipers that survived, and they are the source for new generation.

### Fauna

A few Desert Bighorn Sheep live in the Little San Bernardino Mountains, and seeing one or a herd is a rewarding experience.

## Event history

The devastating fire on Quail Mountain in 1999 unfortunately occurred again only 2 years later in 2001, and both burned over the mountain leaving it very barren of higher vegetation.
On the mountain a few pieces of aircraft wreckage can still be found. On February 4, 1999, two civilian T-28s (N628B and N128BJ) piloted by Bill Jones and Greg Weber crashed into the side of the mountain killing both pilots. They were en route to Thermal Airport from Van Nuys Airport as a flight of two and impacted at the 5,300-foot (1,600 m) level on the west side of the mountain. At the time of the accident, the Little San Bernardino Mountains were obscured by cloud cover.
# Statue of Christopher Columbus (Bridgeport, Connecticut)

A statue of Christopher Columbus is installed in Bridgeport, Connecticut's Seaside Park, in the United States.

## History

The statue was vandalized in 2017; red paint was thrown on the artwork and "Kill the Colonizer" was written at the base.
In 2020, the statue was removed and placed in storage during the George Floyd protests.
# Three Romances for Violin and Piano

The Three Romances for Violin and Piano, Op. 22, by Clara Schumann, were written in 1853 and first published in 1855.

## Background

Having moved to Düsseldorf in 1853, Clara Schumann produced several works, including the three romances. The romances were dedicated to violinist Joseph Joachim, and Schumann and Joachim went on tour with them. This included playing them before King George V of Hanover, who "declared them a 'marvellous, heavenly pleasure.'" A critic for Neue Berliner Musikzeitungpraised them, declaring: "All three pieces display an individual character conceived in a truly sincere manner and written in a delicate and fragrant hand." Stephen Pettitt for The Times, wrote: "Lush and poignant, they make one regret that Clara's career as a composer became subordinate to her husband's."

## Structure

The romances, scored for violin and piano, are written in three movements:
* Andante molto
* Allegretto
* Leidenschaftlich schnell
The first romance has Romani-inspired pathos amidst lyrical melodies. In the final section, Schumann references the main theme from her husband Robert Schumann's first violin sonata. The second romance is more syncopated, with many embellishments. It is sometimes considered as representative of all three, with energetic leaps and arpeggios, followed by a second theme and then a return to the first theme. The last movement is similar in structure to the first and approximately the same length in time as the first two, featuring long idiomatic melodies with intricate piano accompaniment.
An average performance is about ten minutes in duration.
# Ota Stadium

Ota Stadium (太田市運動公園陸上競技場) is an athletic stadium in Ota, Gunma, Japan. The stadium has a capacity of 3,223 people. It was used as the baseball and softball training venue for the Tokyo Olympics.
# Ballophilidae

Ballophilidae is a monophyletic group of centipedes belonging to the order Geophilomorpha and superfamily Himantarioidea. Authorities now dismiss this group as a family, citing phylogenetic analysis, and instead refer to this clade as Ballophilinae, a possible subfamily within the family Schendylidae. Centipedes in this clade differ from others in the family Schendylidae by having bodies tapered toward the anterior tip, short heads, slender forcipules that are well apart, and an undivided lamina for the female gonopods. Centipedes in this clade are found in most tropical regions.
The number of legs in this clade varies within as well as among species and ranges from 37 to 113 pairs of legs. Three species in this clade can have as few as 37 leg pairs, Ityphilus grismadoi, Ballophilus pallidus, and Leucolinum trinidadense, and one species, Ityphilus grandis, can have as many as 113 pairs. Species in this clade tend to have more leg-bearing segments and greater intraspecific variability in this number than generally found in the family Schendylidae. Some species in this clade are notable for their small sizes, including I. grismadoi (reaching only 9 mm in length), L. trinadadense (9 mm), Caritohallex minyrrhopus (10 mm), B. pallidus (11 mm), and Taeniolinum panamicum (11 mm).

## Genera

Genera:
* Afrotaenia Chamberlin, 1951
* Ballophilus Cook, 1896
* Caritohallex Crabill, 1960
* Cerethmus
* Clavophilus
* Diplethmus
* Ityphilus Cook, 1899
* Koinethmus
* Leucolinum
* Taeniolinum
* Tanophilus
* Zygethmus
# The Merry Farmer (operetta)

The Merry Farmer (German: Der fidele Bauer) is a German-language operetta composed by Leo Fall with a libretto by Viktor Léon. It premiered at the Mannheim Hoftheater on 27 July 1907 and was Fall's first major hit. It transferred to the Theater an der Wien in June 1908, and to the Theater des Westens, Berlin, in October 1908.
As The Merry Peasant, the operetta was produced in London in 1909, opening at the Strand Theatre on 23 October for 69 performances, with Courtice Pounds (as Mathaeus [sic]) & Sybil Arundale (as Annamirl). The English book and lyrics were by Cosmo Hamilton, with additional songs by Theodore Holland.

## Film adaptations

In 1927 a German silent film The Merry Farmer was based on the libretto with extracts of the music played in cinemas by accompanists. In 1951 it was remade as an Austrian sound film The Merry Farmer.
# Vee Green

Vivian Julius "Vee" Green (October 9, 1900 – May 12, 1967) was an American football player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, college athletics administrator, and radio color commentator and sports announcer. He served as the head football coach at Oklahoma City University from 1928 to 1932 and at Drake University for fourteen seasons from 1933 to 1946. Green was also the head basketball coach at Oklahoma City from 1930 to 1933 and at Drake from 1944 to 1946, tallying a career college basketball mark of 32–41. A native of Urbana, Illinois, Green played college football at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1922 to 1923. He played as a center and was a teammate of Red Grange.
Later in his life, Green did color commentary and football analysis for the AM station WHO in Des Moines, Iowa. He did frequent sports broadcasts alongside Jim Zabel including for Iowa's famous 1953 14–14 tie at Notre Dame.
In the fall of 1966, Green was diagnosed with glioblastoma. Green died at age 66 on May 12, 1967, from brain cancer.

## Personal life

Green was the son of Lincoln Hamlin Green of Ohio and Mary Esther (Cranston) Green of Illinois. Vee Green married Iowan Lois Hardaway on February 5, 1954. They had 3 children.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| Oklahoma City Goldbugs (Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference) (1928) ||||||
| 1928 | Oklahoma City | 6–2–1 | 2–2–1 | T–7th | |
| Oklahoma City Goldbugs (Big Four Conference) (1929–1932) ||||||
| 1929 | Oklahoma City | 5–5 | 2–3 | T–2nd | |
| 1930 | Oklahoma City | 9–1 | 2–1 | 2nd | |
| 1931 | Oklahoma City | 12–0 | 3–0 | 1st | |
| 1932 | Oklahoma City | 5–5–1 | 1–2 | 3rd | |
| Oklahoma City: | Oklahoma City: | 37–13–2 | 10–8–1 | | |
| Drake Bulldogs (Missouri Valley Conference) (1933–1946) ||||||
| 1933 | Drake | 6–3–1 | 5–1 | 2nd | |
| 1934 | Drake | 3–6–1 | 2–2 | T–3rd | |
| 1935 | Drake | 4–4–2 | 1–2–1 | 4th | |
| 1936 | Drake | 6–4 | 4–2 | 3rd | |
| 1937 | Drake | 8–2 | 4–1 | 2nd | |
| 1938 | Drake | 5–4–1 | 2–1–1 | T–2nd | |
| 1939 | Drake | 5–5 | 2–3 | 4th | |
| 1940 | Drake | 4–5 | 2–2 | T–3rd | |
| 1941 | Drake | 4–5–1 | 0–3–1 | 6th | |
| 1942 | Drake | 3–7 | 1–4 | T–5th | |
| 1943 | Drake | 4–2 | 0–0 | NA | |
| 1944 | Drake | 7–2 | 0–0 | NA | |
| 1945 | Drake | 5–4–1 | 1–2 | 4th | W Raisin |
| 1946 | Drake | 2–6–1 | 0–4 | 5th | |
| Drake: | Drake: | 66–59–8 | 24–27–3 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 103–72–10 | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Martin Bryant (programmer)

Martin Bryant (born 1958) is a British computer programmer known as the author of White Knight and Colossus Chess, a 1980s commercial chess-playing program, and Colossus Draughts, gold medal winner at the 2nd Computer Olympiad in 1990.

## Computer chess

Bryant started developing his first chess program – later named White Knight – in 1976. This program won the European Microcomputer Chess Championship in 1983, and was commercially released, in two versions (Mk 11 and Mk 12) for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron in the early 1980s. White Knight featured a then-novel display of principal variation – called "Best line" – that would become commonplace in computer chess.
Bryant used White Knight as a basis for development of Colossus Chess (1983), a chess-playing program that was published for a large number of home computer platforms in the 1980s, and was later ported to Atari ST, Amiga and IBM PC as Colossus Chess X. Colossus Chess sold well and was well-received, being described by the Zzap!64 magazine in 1985 as "THE best chess implementation yet to hit the 64, and indeed possibly any home micro".
Bryant later released several versions of his Colossus chess engine conforming to the UCI standard. The latest version was released in 2021 as Colossus 2021a.

## Computer draughts

After chess, Bryant's interests turned to computer draughts (checkers). His program, Colossus Draughts, won the West of England championship in June 1990, thus becoming the first draughts program to win a human tournament. In August of the same year it won the gold medal at the 2nd Computer Olympiad, beating Chinook, a strong Canadian program, into second place.
Chinook's developers, headed by Jonathan Schaeffer, recognised Colossus' opening book as its major strength; it contained 40,000 positions compared to Chinook's 4,500, and relied on Bryant's research that had found flaws in the established draughts literature. In 1993, an agreement was made to trade Colossus' opening book for the Chinook's six-piece databases; Bryant also accepted the offer to join the Chinook development team. In August 1994, Chinook played a match against World Champion Marion Tinsley and world number two Don Lafferty (after Tinsley's withdrawal due to illness), earning the title of Man-Machine World Champion.
Bryant continued work on Colossus Draughts in the early 1990s, and in 1995, released an updated commercial version called Colossus '95, as well as draughts database programs DraughtsBase and DraughtsBase 2.
Bryant lives in the Manchester area and retired in 2020.
More information can be found on his website.
# Haruya Fujii

Haruya Fujii (藤井 陽也, Fujii Haruya, born 26 December 2000) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Belgian club Kortrijk on loan from J.League club Nagoya Grampus, and the Japan national team.

## Club career

Fujii was born in Aichi Prefecture. He joined J1 League club Nagoya Grampus from their youth team in 2018. On 10 January 2024, Fujii joined Belgian Pro League side Kortrijk on loan until the end of the season with an option to buy.

## International career

Fujii made his debut for the senior Japan national team on 1 January 2024 in a friendly against Thailand.

## Career statistics

Updated to 19 July 2022.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2018 | Nagoya Grampus | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| 2019 | Nagoya Grampus | J1 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| 2020 | Nagoya Grampus | J1 League | 1 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| 2021 | Nagoya Grampus | J1 League | 5 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| 2022 | Nagoya Grampus | J1 League | 18 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 | – | – | 28 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 28 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 49 | 1 |