# Manuel Alegre

Manuel Alegre de Melo Duarte GCL GCSE GCCa (born 12 May 1936) is a Portuguese poet and politician. He was a candidate to the presidency of the Portuguese Republic in 2006 and 2011, finishing in second place in both elections. For his literary work, he was awarded the Camões Prize in 2017.

## Background

He is the son of Francisco José de Faria e Melo Ferreira Duarte, brother of sportsman Mário Duarte, son of the 1st Baroness of a Recosta, maternal grandson of the 1st Baron of Cadoro and matrilineal great-grandson of the 1st Viscount of o Barreiro, and wife Maria Manuela Alegre. His sister Maria Teresa Alegre de Melo Duarte is also a Deputy and is the widow of another Deputy, António Jorge Moreira Portugal (1931–1994). Their son is journalist Manuel Alegre Portugal. As he once stated, his ancestors were hanged and beheaded at the Praça Nova, Porto, during the Liberal Wars.

## Career

He was a member of the Portuguese Communist Party from his youth until the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, which he staunchly opposed, in 1968. Today he's usually considered one of the most leftist members of the Portuguese Socialist Party. He voted against all the revisions of the Portuguese Constitution of 1976, and abstained at a commemorative vote for the 10th anniversary of the fall of Berlin Wall, in 1999.
While studying law at the University of Coimbra, Alegre was noticed for his opposition to António de Oliveira Salazar's dictatorial government - the Estado Novo regime. He was conscripted, and sent to the Azores and later to Portuguese Angola, where his involvement in an attempt to military rebellion led to his imprisonment. After serving his prison term in Luanda, he returned to Coimbra, before going into exile in 1964. As a student at the University of Coimbra he was a very active figure of the Associação Académica de Coimbra, the university's student's union, while member of the governing body, athlete and cultural agent (poetry and theatre). He would never graduate in law.
He would live the next ten years in Algiers, where he was one of the main voices of a radio station directed to Portugal, Rádio Voz da Liberdade (Freedom's Voice), also called Rádio Argel, from where he reportedly led a series of activities supporting African forces opposing the Portuguese military intervention in the Portuguese Colonial War, including by airing privileged information regarding Portuguese strategy in the theater of war. The distribution of his first books was forbidden by Salazar's government, so they circulated in samizdat form. Alegre returned to Portugal in 1974, one week after the Carnation Revolution.
He joined the Socialisty Party almost immediately, and was elected to Parliament in every election from 1975 to 2005. He was also one of the vice-presidents of Parliament.
Several of his poems were made into songs, sung among others by Zeca Afonso and Adriano Correia de Oliveira, and played by Carlos Paredes. His words were set to music by Tony Haynes on world jazz ensemble Grand Union Orchestra's 1997 album, The Rhythm of Tides.
One of his poems Uma flor de verde pinho won 1976's Festival RTP da Canção, who represented Portugal in Eurovision Song Contest.
In 2004, he lost to José Sócrates a bid for the party leadership.
In 2005, a statue in his honour was erected in Coimbra.
On 24 September 2005, he announced that he would be a candidate in the 2006 Portuguese presidential election, despite his party's official support for former president Mário Soares as a candidate. On the elections held 22 January 2006, he ended up collecting 20.7% of the valid votes (the second largest amount after the elected President, Cavaco Silva, and ahead of his party's official candidate Mário Soares).
He is also a Member of the Portuguese Council of State, elected by the Assembly of the Republic.

## Decorations

* Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty, Portugal (GCL, 19 May 1989)
* Grand Cross of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, Portugal (GCSE, 20 May 2016)
* Grand Cross of the Order of Camões, Portugal (GCCa, 15 April 2024)

## Family

He was once married to Isabel Sousa Pires, born in Figueira da Foz, without issue, and is now married to Mafalda Maria de Campos Durão Ferreira, born in Lisbon, 13 December 1947, daughter of António Durão Ferreira and wife Fernanda Furtado de Antas de Campos and only sister of António Miguel de Campos Durão Ferreira (b. 21 January 1946, unmarried), and has three children:
* Francisco Durão Ferreira Alegre Duarte
* Afonso Durão Ferreira Alegre Duarte (b. 1976)
* Joana Durão Ferreira Alegre Duarte (b. 1985)

## Electoral history
### PS leadership election, 2004

Ballot: 25 and 26 September 2004 :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | José Sócrates | 18,432 | 78.6 |
| | Manuel Alegre | 3,903 | 16.7 |
| | João Soares | 927 | 4.0 |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | Blank/Invalid ballots | 175 | 0.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | 23,437 | |
| Source: Resultados ||||

### Presidential election, 2006

Ballot: 22 January 2006 :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Aníbal Cavaco Silva | 2,773,431 | 50.5 |
| | Manuel Alegre | 1,138,297 | 20.7 |
| | Mário Soares | 785,355 | 14.3 |
| | Jerónimo de Sousa | 474,083 | 8.6 |
| | Francisco Louçã | 292,198 | 5.3 |
| | Garcia Pereira | 23,983 | 0.4 |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | Blank/Invalid ballots | 102,785 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | 5,590,132 | 61.53 |
| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições ||||

### Presidential election, 2011

Ballot: 23 January 2011 :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Aníbal Cavaco Silva | 2,231,956 | 53.0 |
| | Manuel Alegre | 831,838 | 19.7 |
| | Fernando Nobre | 593,021 | 14.1 |
| | Francisco Lopes | 301,017 | 7.1 |
| | José Manuel Coelho | 189,918 | 4.5 |
| | Defensor Moura | 67,110 | 1.6 |
| Blank/Invalid ballots | Blank/Invalid ballots | 277,593 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | 4,492,453 | 46.52 |
| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições ||||