OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nira (ingredient)

Nira (Jawi derived from Sanskrit: नीर, romanized: nīra "water") or lahang (Jawi: لاهڠ‎) is a sweet liquid obtained from the stems of plants such as sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, maple, or the sap of the flower stalks (spathe) of the palm family such as arenga palm, coconut, date palm, nipa palm, sago palm, tal palm and others.
Nira contains about 10-15% sugar. This liquid can be consumed directly, fermented into palm wine or further processed into syrup, sugar and other products.

## Extraction

Nira is obtained through a method called "tapping". The plant from which the sap is to be harvested is bent slightly, with its spathe wrapped in young coconut leaves. This process continues for about a week to prevent the stalk from breaking. The bent spathe is stripped of its sheath and sliced little by little using a tapping knife, allowing the sap to drip into a bamboo container, usually about a foot long or holding around 2 liters.
The volume of nira collected can depend on weather conditions. For example, in the Philippines, nipa farmers can predict the arrival of typhoons (common in the region) a few days in advance when the daily yield of sap decreases or even stops suddenly.
Sap harvesters typically add substances to the collected nira to prevent natural fermentation, either by using sodium benzoate (0.05–0.2%) or lime (0.7–1.2%), until the pH of the sap becomes relatively high, above 7. Fermented sap with a pH below 5.5 or sugar content lower than 8% cannot be used to make palm sugar.

## Composition

The main sugar found in nira is sucrose. Nira also contains small amounts of glucose and fructose when freshly tapped. Sap from flowers is actually sterile, but once tapped, it is often contaminated by microorganisms that can hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and fructose. The hydrolysis process reduces the yield of palm sugar, and in some cases, palm sugar may not form at all, remaining a thick liquid.
# TFG Limited

TFG Limited, also known as The Foschini Group , is a South African JSE listed retail clothing group, which trades under various brands and has more than 3,000 stores within its portfolio. It is headquartered in Parow East near Cape Town.
In 2015, the company acquired the British apparel chain Phase Eight from TowerBrook Capital Partners, then valued at £300 million.
In March 2016, TFG acquired the British chain Whistles with its 46 retail shops. In 2017, the company acquired Australian retail company Retail Apparel Group from Navis Capital Partners.
In March 2020, TFG announced that, during the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, the company would cease to pay rents for its retail locations during the resultant lockdowns in South Africa.
During the course of 2020, TFG acquired the chain of Jet stores from an ailing Edcon, further expanding their footprint as a retail conglomerate.
On 5 October 2021, it was reported that TymeBank would open approximately 600 banking service kiosks in TFG retail outlets in 2022.
Through a series of investments, TFG has increased its manufacturing capacity in South Africa. By November 2021, it was producing almost three quarters of its apparel locally.
# KBS Hall

KBS Hall (Korean: KBS홀) is a concert hall in the Korean Broadcasting System headquarters located in Yeouido, Seoul in South Korea.

## Events
### 2012

* ABU TV Song Festival 2012 – October 14

### 2018

* Astro: The 2nd ASTROAD to Seoul [STAR LIGHT] – December 22 to 23

### 2022

* Golden Child: 2022 Golden Child Concert - Play – February 5 to 6
* WEi: 2022 WEi Concert [First Love] – April 16 to 17
* Fromis 9: 2022 fromis_9 1st Concert <Love From.> – September 30 and October 1 to 2

### 2023

* Melanie Martinez: Portals Tour – January 21
* Nightwish: Human. :II: Nature. World Tour – January 23
* Itzy: ITZY The 2nd Fan Meeting "ITZY, MIDZY, Let's Fly! To Wonder World" – February 19
* 2023 League of Legends World Championship (Swiss Stage) – October 19 to 29
# Korea Furniture Museum

The Korea Furniture Museum (Korean: 한국가구박물관) is a furniture museum located in Seongbuk-dong, Seongbuk District, Seoul, South Korea.
The Korea Furniture Museum, founded in 1993 by Chyung Mi-sook, is a private museum located in the Seongbuk neighborhood which is a "hilly area of luxurious homes". The museum itself is a collection of several traditional aristocratic houses (hanok) "in a village setting designed to illustrate the way the Korean nobility lived during the Joseon dynasty". Chyung Mi-sook had made the decision to present her personal collection of about 2,500 furniture pieces to the public as she has been collecting traditional wooden furniture since the 1960s.
The exhibition hall is consistently being refreshed as it displays about 550 pieces of wooden furniture at a time out of the entire collection. "As well as discovering the localized characteristics of furniture from different parts of the country, visitors can gain an understanding of the general features of traditional Korean furnishings: their aesthetics emphasizing the intrinsic beauty of the raw materials over artificial decorations, thoughtful design taking into consideration the natural contraction and expansion of wood, the overall distribution of weight, and practical structure which makes full consideration of the human scale".
"At the museum, visitors can also experience chagyeong, or "borrowed scenery," one of the definitive characteristics of traditional Korean housing (hanok). Koreans of the past enjoyed the extensive landscapes visible through their windows as if they were private gardens. This traditional technique illustrates a receptive attitude toward nature and, at the same time, a macroscopic view of architecture. People of the time valued geomantic principles and accommodated natural geographic features into their architecture, but they also applied this creative technique of borrowed scenery as a means to not confine the human quarters to within the walls, but expand it as far as the eyes can reach in order to embrace nature".
The Korea Furniture Museum has been visited by many well known figures such as the president of South Korea, spouses of G20 world leaders, Victoria Beckham, architects Frank Gehry and Zaha Hadid and more. "In July 2014, Xi Jinping and his wife, First Lady Peng Liyuan, visited for dinner, and were reported to have particularly enjoyed the doenjang jjigae — a soybean paste soup".
# Gucio zaczarowany

Gucio zaczarowany (lit. "The Enchanted Gucio" but translated to English as "Bobo's Metamorphosis") is a poetry collection by Czesław Miłosz. It was first published in 1965. The title is the same as a children book by Zofia Urbanowska [pl] which Miłosz liked as a child. Steven Serafin called this one of Miłosz's masterpieces.
# Tawan Kedkong

Tawan Jiratchaya Kedkong (Thai: จิรัชญา "ตะวัน" เกตุคง; born 15 August 1995) is a Thai fashion model and winner of the fourth season of Asia's Next Top Model.

## Asia's Next Top Model

Tawan was one of two contestants who represented Thailand, the other being Maya Goldman. She was declared the best performer of the week in the fourth week of the competition; as a result, she was automatically put through to week six. Also, Subaru XV cars appointed her as their 2016 brand ambassador. In the 13th episode, Tawan was crowned as the winner of the fourth season of Asia's Next Top Model.
After winning the competition she appeared in Cosmopolitan UK, Harper's Bazaar India, Vogue Thailand and Arabia. She graced the cover of Elle Croatia in August 2017.
# Vladimir Latocha

Vladimir Latocha (born August 15, 1973 in Paris) is a retired male breaststroke swimmer from France, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he ended up in ninth place in the men's 100 metres breaststroke event, clocking 1:02.28 in the B-Final. He ended his career shortly after these Olympics, totalling 8 national titles and 5 national records.
He then focused on a Ph.D. in applied mathematics under Pierre Degond's supervision. After a two years postdoctoral fellowship at Kyoto University, he was recruited as an assistant professor in the mathematics department of the Faculté des Sciences et Technologies in Nancy, France, where he is still working.
In parallel, he followed his interest in bodymind modalities and trained to be a practitioner of the Feldenkrais method in Paris (2005-2009) and Somatic Experiencing in London (2016–18). After having recorded numerous Feldenkrais workshops in French on various topics, his most recent projects tend to focus on finding tools to improve physical or intellectual performance.
# YTN2

YTN2 is a South Korean news and lifestyle television channel owned by the YTN Group. It started broadcasting on July 1, 2011, as YTN Weather and has diversified its programming since 2015.

## History

Weather forecasts have been a part of YTN since the channel's inception in 1995. On April 27, 2011, YTN announced that it had concluded the registration with the regulator for a dedicated YTN Weather channel, with its launch scheduled for July. The channel delivered national and international weather in real time, with a national bulletin every ten minutes, as well as theme forecasts related to leisure, wellbeing and daily life. The channel was the first such channel in Korea and was also used to prepare for climate disasters. The channel launched on July 1, but was facing difficulties at launch due to lack of technical manpower. YTN hired 20 people, including presenters and producers, before its launch, but did not hire additional technical staff.
On July 1, 2015, YTN renamed the channel as YTN Weather & Life, adding non-weather programming to its line-up. Among them was LIFE Mania, about Korean lifestyle trends, resorting to Instagrammers due to the rise of the platform in South Korea. In addition, YTN started providing a simulcast of the channel to the Incheon International Airport to provide weather data in case of delays and bad weather affecting air traffic.
The channel was renamed YTN Life on January 1, 2017, becoming a lifestyle channel, then to the current YTN2 on March 1, 2021.

## Programming

YTN2's programming consists primarily of human interest documentaries under the channel's current philosophy, reflected in its current slogan, "Life is News". Some of its productions, such as Newsmentary: War and People and Y2N, are also repeated on the main YTN channel.
# Travis Heights, Austin, Texas

Travis Heights is a historic neighborhood in south Austin, Texas, United States, bounded by Lady Bird Lake on the north, Interstate 35 on the east, Congress Avenue on the west and Oltorf Street on the south. These boundaries include Fairview Park, an earlier suburb associated with the same developers, running from the west side of Blunn Creek to South Congress Avenue. Part of Travis Heights was stranded east of Interstate 35; many of the same streets to be found west of the highway continue east of it.
It was founded in 1912 by Newning, Swisher and General Stacy, but development did not expand rapidly until the 1920s. The city park located along Blunn Creek in Travis Heights was donated by Stacy and bears his name, Stacy Park, as does the "Big Stacy" spring-fed pool and the "Little Stacy" park and swimming pool, built as a WPA project during the Great Depression.
Originally conceived as an exclusive district for the wealthy, the adjacent development of Fairview Park was first developed in the late 19th century, but did not really take off. It was not until the 1920s when Travis Heights was developed next to it, that life south of the river was a reasonable venture. Now, with a great mix of mansions, smaller homes, and hip apartments, Travis Heights is among the most desirable residential neighborhoods in Austin. Proximity to South Congress, Downtown Austin, and the major freeways also make Travis Heights one of the best-positioned areas in South Austin.
Another attraction of the neighborhood is its closeness to the newly rejuvenated South Congress Avenue, many times called SoCo. South Congress is full of hip cafes and stores, and attracts many tourists and young professionals from downtown.
Blunn Creek Nature Preserve is almost 40 acres in Travis Heights, central South Austin, with trails and historical plaques. Details of the history, including the natural history, of the creek and preserve can be found at this Austin Parks & Recreation web site.
Travis Heights is located in city council District 9.

## Education

The neighborhood is zoned to the Austin Independent School District (AISD).
* Travis Heights Elementary School
* Sarah Lively Middle School
** It was previously Fulmore Middle School, after former Confederate States of America soldier and judge of Travis County Zachary Taylor Fulmore. In 1886 a one room schoolhouse was made, and in 1911 its brick replacement arrived, with the Fulmore naming coming at that time. Alumni who attended in the 1960s through the 1980s, wishing to have a name not related to a Confederate figure, suggested naming the school after longtime teacher Sarah Ann Lively, who began teaching there in 1964. In 2018 six AISD board members voted to rename the school, one opposed, and one abstained. Lively died at age 88 on January 4, 2021.
* Travis High School
# Sir Richard Hoghton, 1st Baronet

Sir Richard Hoghton, 1st Baronet (28 September 1570 – 1630) was a politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1601 and 1611.
He was born the eldest son of Thomas Hoghton of Hoghton Tower, Lancashire by Anne, the daughter of Henry Keighley of Keighley, Yorkshire. Thomas was killed in family feud in 1589.
He was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1599 and was knighted in January 1600. In 1601 he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Lancashire and was re-elected MP for Lancashire in 1604.
Houghton was one of the first ten baronets created, on 22 May 1611.
Hoghton had alum works which James VI and I visited on 16 August 1617 returning from his Scottish progress. In November 1617, when Hoghton was in a dispute with Sir Robert Bannister, Francis Bacon and the Earl of Suffolk advised King James that Hoghton's alum would compete with a royal venture, and so the king should compensate him.
Sir Richard was a suspected Crypto-Catholic.
Hoghton died in 1630. He had married firstly Catherine, the daughter of Sir Gilbert Gerard with whom he had five sons and eight daughters, and secondly Jane, the daughter of Thomas Spencer of Rufford and widow of Robert Hesketh, with whom he had two more sons. The baronetcy was inherited by his eldest son Gilbert.
# Red Hill Historic District

The Red Hill Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Red Hill, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## History and architectural features

This district encompasses 163 contributing buildings that are located in the working-class borough of Red Hill. The district includes a number of brick workers' houses, nineteenth-century Gothic-style cottages, Queen Anne-style rowhouses, and twentieth century bungalows.
Notable buildings include the S.C. Moyer Cigar factory (c. 1880), the Red Hill Hotel (1811), a firehouse (1924), the Miller and Kline cigar factory, and the Hillegass House.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Robin Lee Row

Robin Lee Row (born September 12, 1957) is a death row inmate in Idaho, having been convicted of the murders of her husband and two children. The murders took place on February 10, 1992, when a fire broke out on the first floor of the southwest Boise apartment in which her husband, from whom she was separated, and her two children were living. When fire crews reached the scene of the burning structure, they found three bodies that were subsequently identified as her husband Randy (age 34) and their children Joshua (10) and Tabitha (8). All three had died due to carbon monoxide poisoning.

## Investigation

Fire investigators concluded that a liquid accelerant was used to start the fire and, upon further investigation, that the smoke alarm had been turned off. Row had been living with friends and investigators had placed her as the main suspect. Current Ada County Sheriff Gary Raney was the chief investigator on the case. As he delved into the case, he saw many red flags that indicated that Robin Row was the main suspect. Further investigation concluded that in 1980, she and her son Keith were living in a cabin in California. Her son died in a fire that was caused by a portable heater that ignited his blankets. The boy died, and Row collected $28,000 from the life insurance policy.

## Arrest and conviction

As the investigation progressed, Row was embezzling money from the YWCA where she worked. Detectives found that Row had taken out life insurance policies on her husband and children, totaling over a quarter of a million dollars. She was arrested on February 13 and charged with three counts of first-degree murder. Her trial began in 1993; she was found guilty on each count in March, and sentenced to death on December 16 by Judge Alan Schwartzman.

## Appeals

In 2011, Row's appeal was dismissed by U.S. District Court Judge B. Lynn Winmill. She is the sole death row inmate in Pocatello Women's Correctional Center (PWCC) in Pocatello.
# Woodchuck Hill

Woodchuck Hill is a mountain in Schoharie County, New York. It is located northwest of South Gilboa. Mine Hill is located south-southeast and Mount Jefferson is located west-southwest of Woodchuck Hill.
# Monotenure

Monotenure is a planning term relating to the land tenure of a development or neighbourhood.

## Definition

There are generally three types of residential land tenure within the built environment: private sector housing (also known as market housing), social housing, and intermediate (or shared ownership) housing. The term monotenure can be applied to an area where any of these three types of tenures are prevalent; however, the term is generally used to apply to areas where social housing is the primary tenure.
'Monotenure' areas generally relate to the most poverty stricken areas within an urban area, suffering from higher levels of crime, fear of crime, economic deprivation, and social exclusion.

## History

In recent years, governments in the United States and United Kingdom have targeted social tenure neighbourhoods for 'regeneration', with a primary aim of converting some or all of the social housing into private sector housing.
In the UK, the majority of monotenure neighbourhoods were formed post World War II, when the Government undertook a programme of slum clearance. Since the 1970s, the UK government has restricted funding for social housing projects. This has also impacted upon the existing housing stock, which has often fallen into disrepair. Many Councils are now seeking to address the problems of monotenure neighbourhoods through estate renewal. Private sector housing is used to not only fund the development but also to address the monotenure nature of the neighbourhood and create a more 'mixed' community. This dilution of public sector housing is considered to lead to more sustainable and successful communities. In addition, the provision and sale of private sector housing can be used to fund improvements to the existing public sector housing. Monies for the improvement of social housing have dried up in recent years and it is anticipated that future improvements to social housing will only be achieved through the provision of private sector housing.
# Tus, Iran

Tus (Persian: توس, romanized: Ṭūs) was an ancient city in Khorasan near the modern city of Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. To the ancient Greeks, it was known as Susia (Ancient Greek: Σούσια). It was also known as Tusa. The area now known as Tus was divided into four cities, Tabran, Radakan, Noan and Teroid, which in combination formed largest city in the region in the fifth century.

## History

According to legend Tous son of Nowzar founded the city of Tous in the province of Khorassan next to today's city of Mashhad. It is said that the city of Tous was the capital of Parthia and the residence of King Vishtaspa, who was the first convert to Zoroastianism. It was captured by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE, and became a key waypoint on the Silk Road.
Tus was taken by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and remained under Umayyad control until 747, when a subordinate of Abu Muslim Khorasani defeated the Umayyad governor during the Abbasid Revolution. In 809, the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid fell ill and died in Tus, on his way to solve the unrest in Khorasan. His grave is located in the region.
In the 9th and 10th century, the Persian literature flourished in Khorasan and Transoxiana under Samanid Empire and other Iranian dynasties. The most famous person who has emerged from that area is the poet Ferdowsi, author of the Persian epic Shahnameh, whose mausoleum, built in 1934 in time for the millennium of his birth, dominates the town. Other notable residents of Tus include the theologian, jurist, philosopher and mystic al-Ghazali; early polymath Jābir ibn Hayyān; the poet Asadi Tusi; the powerful Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk; the medieval polymath Nasir al-Din al-Tusi; the prominent Usooli mujtahid (Twelver-Shi'a law interpreter) Shaykh Tusi; and the noted Sufi mystic and historian Abu Nasr as-Sarraj. The Samanid poet Daqiqi was also a native of Tus.
In 1220, Tus was sacked by the Mongol general, Subutai, and a year later Tolui would kill most of its populace, and destroying the tomb of Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the process. Tus was rebuilt in 1239 under the governorship of Kuerguez. The city was attacked again in 1256 by the Mongols during Hulegu's campaign against the Nizari Ismailis.

## Registration of Ferdowsi's Tomb in UNESCO

Ferdowsi Tomb has been nationally registered in the Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and at the suggestion of the Cultural Heritage Organization and Ferdowsi Foundation, efforts have been made to pursue the registration of Ferdowsi Tomb in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
# National Museum of Korean Contemporary History

The National Museum of Korean Contemporary History (Korean: 대한민국역사박물관), opened on December 26, 2012, is dedicated to researching, preserving, and exhibiting the modern and contemporary history of South Korea. The museum features four permanent exhibition halls which cover the period from the late 19th century to the present, with the themes of "Prelude to the Republic of Korea", "Foundation of the Republic of Korea", "Development of the Republic of Korea", and "Modernization and Korea's Vision of Future".
The museum includes a children's museum and a special exhibition gallery which enables visitors to explore modern and contemporary Korean history through various themes and topics. It also offers education programs and cultural events.
The museum is located near Gyeongbokgung in what was formerly the north building for USAID. Admission is free.

## History

* 2008-08-15: President declares plan to construct a museum on Korean modern history on Liberation Day speech
* 2009-02-11: Regulation enacted for the creation of a committee for the "National Museum of the Republic of Korea"
* 2009-04-16: Establishment of the Committee for the National Museum of the Republic of Korea
* 2009-05-04: Establishment of the Committee for the Founding of the National Museum of the Republic of Korea
* 2009-10-19: Name changed to "The National Museum of Korean Contemporary History"
* 2010-11-25: Museum's groundbreaking ceremony held
* 2012-05-23: Construction of the Museum completed
* 2012-09-01: Museum administration established
* 2012-12-17: Kim Wang-Sik takes office as the inaugural director
* 2012-12-26: Museum opens
* 2014-02-17: Museum's Education & Communication Division split into the Cultural Relations & Publicity Division and the Education Division
* 2015-07-20: Museum administratively reorganizes, establishing the Chief Curator's Office, renaming the Planning & General Affairs Division to the General Administration Division, and renaming the Research Division to the Research & Planning Division
* 2015-12-03: Extensions open for Special Exhibition Halls 1 and 2
* 2016-01-25: Kim Yong-Jick inaugurated as the 2nd Director
* 2017-11-01: Chu Chin-Oh inaugurated as the 3rd Director