OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Umchwasho

Umchwasho (Swazi:) is a traditional chastity rite in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). While the rite is active, unmarried women are not allowed to have sexual relations and must wear a traditional set of tassels. The tassels are usually made of wool and are worn around the neck like a scarf. Girls aged 18 and under must wear blue-and-yellow tassels and are not allowed any physical contact with males. Those aged 19 or over must wear red-and-black tassels and are allowed some physical contact with males but not sexual intercourse. Those that are caught going against umchwasho are fined one animal (typically a cow).
The most recent period of umchwasho ran between 9 September 2001 and 19 August 2005. King Mswati III imposed the ban on sex among the unmarried, in an effort to help stop the spread of HIV and AIDS, which is particularly prevalent in the country. It was originally intended to last five years but was withdrawn one year early without any stated reason, though the ban had faced strong opposition and many women refused to wear the required woollen scarf. The King also drew criticism when he married a teen during the period, fining himself one cow for breaking the rules. When the rite ended, the tassels were burnt in a large ceremony.
# Nhlangano

Nhlangano (Swazi:) in the southwestern corner is the third largest town in Eswatini. It is the capital of the southern Region of Shiselweni and headed by a Regional Administrator Mr. Peter Mamba. The town was established around a migrant Dutch farming community from the neighbouring South Africa province of Transvaal (today Mpumalanga) who gave it the Afrikaans name of Goedgegun. It was an important agricultural town and nexus of maize production, tobacco and cotton farming. Itsd reputation was enhanced by a thriving annual agriculture show - the only one in the country until it was eclipsed by the Manzini Trade Fair. The town was renamed to Nhlangano after independence from Britain in 1968. Nhlangano means "meeting" and commemorates the historic visit Britain's King George VI in March 1947. The British Monarch was accompanied by his wife Queen Elizabeth and their daughter, the Crown Princess Elizabeth who later became Queen Elizabeth ll. They met Swaziland's Paramount Chief, Sobhuza ll. At independence on 6th September 1968 Sobhuza became King and Ingwenyama of Eswatini.
During that visit, King George had reviewed a guard of honour mounted by traditional Swazi regiments and thanked Swazis for providing Britain with sustained military support dating back to 1879 when Swazi forces helped Britain secure control of the then Transvaal and complete Britain's domination of South Africa. The Swazi sent a Pioneer Corps to support Britain in the 1914 First World War as well as during the 1939 Second World Wars.
Now boasting a population of 10,456 (2017 Census) Nhlangano is historically among the most important national heritage sites. It was the first settlement of the modern Eswatini population as it completed its migration from Central West Africa through modern Mozambique. The nucleus of the national leadership migrated north for safety after repeated attacks by stronger communities, especially the Ndwandwe of Zwide and the Zulu, first under Shaka, then Dingane and Mpande. Reflecting on this history, residents of Nhlangano and Shiselweni pride themselves as the stalwarts of the country who successfully defended the country from the frontline. Nhlangano is an important administrative centre. It's well respected boarding high school, Evelyn Baring has produced many national leaders. It also hosts the Ngwane teacher training college and the Nhlangano Farmers' Training Centre. It also hosts the SOS Children's Village.
The town has an important health center, a prison, and a casino hotel.
# Tes-Khemsky District

Tes-Khemsky District (Russian: Тес-Хемский кожуун, romanized: Tes-Hemskij kožuun,; Tuvan: Тес-Хем кожууну, romanized: Tes-Xem kojuunu,) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or kozhuun), one of the seventeen in the Tuva Republic, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 6,680 square kilometers (2,580 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Samagaltay. Its population was 8,174 (2010 Census); 8,908 (2002 Census); 10,413 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Samagaltay accounts for 39.6% of the district's total population.
# MMR

MMR may refer to:

## Science and technology

* MMR vaccine, for measles, mumps and rubella
* DNA mismatch repair, a genetic repair pathway
* Mass miniature radiography, a tuberculosis screening technique
* Maternal mortality ratio
* Maternal mortality rate
* Mean-motion resonance, between two orbiting bodies
* Mesozoic Marine Revolution, a burst of evolution

### Computing

* Meet-me room, where telecoms companies can communicate
* Modified Modified READ, Group 4 compression
* Matchmaking rating, in video games

## Places

* Myanmar (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code)
* Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India

## Other uses

* Marine Mammal Regulations, of Canada
* Master of Marketing Research, a business degree
* Middle Gorge railway station, Melbourne
# Trickster (board game)

Scrabble Trickster is a word game created by Mattel and announced on 6 April 2010, designed as a spin-off to one of the company's products, Scrabble. Mattel intends to sell the product in Europe starting in July 2010, but not in North America, because the company owns the rights to Scrabble and its derivatives worldwide except for in North America, where rival company Hasbro holds control of the game.

## Rule differences

Trickster has rules that are similar to those of Scrabble, with some notable differences. The new game occasionally allows words such as proper nouns to be used, as well as words that are spelled backwards. Players can also be allowed to "steal" letter tiles from other players. Players can only execute these moves when they place a word on specially marked squares that ask that the player draws a randomly chosen card, which contains instructions that may include one of the previously mentioned actions.

## Reception

The initial announcement of the new game brought forward some controversy when widespread media announcements implied that the rules to Scrabble would be changing, before learning that the new rules would in fact apply to a newly developed game. Criticism of the newly introduced variant typically refers to the game as a "dumbed down" version of Scrabble, made to appeal to more casual players who are more familiar with the names of celebrities than lesser known words from the Scrabble dictionary. Mattel acknowledges that the changes are made to appeal to a larger audience, especially to a younger audience.
# Gülcan Mıngır

Gülcan Mıngır (pronounced; born 21 May 1989) is a Turkish female middle distance runner specialized in 3000 m steeplechase. She was a member of Fenerbahçe Athletics Club before she transferred to Üsküdar Belediyespor. She is coached by İhsan Alptekin. Mıngır is 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) tall and weighs 53 kg (117 lb).
Currently, Mıngır is a student of physical education and sports at Dumlupınar University in Kütahya.
She was the gold medalist of the 3000 m steeplechase event at the 2011 European Athletics U23 Championships held in Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Mıngır qualified to participate at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
At the 2013 Mediterranean Games held in Mersin, Turkey, she won the bronze medal in the 3000 m st event.
In April 2020, retests of the samples taken from the 2012 Olympics indicated that Mıngır had tested positive for turinabol. The IOC Disciplinary Commission disqualified Mıngır from the 2012 Olympic Games.

## Achievements

Source:
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Turkey ||||||
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 12th | 3000m steeplechase | 10:29.77 |
| 2009 | European U23 Championships | Kaunas, Lithuania | 5th | 3000m steeplechase | 10:12.53 |
| 2011 | European U23 Championships | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 1st | 3000 m steeplechase | 9:47.83 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 26 (heats) | 3000 m steeplechase | 10:04.83 |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 1st | 3000 m steeplechase | 9:32.96 |
| 2013 | Mediterranean Games | Mersin, Turkey | 3rd /DQ | 3000 m steeplechase | 9:46.08 |
| 2013 | Universiade | Kazan, Russia | DQ | 3000 m steeplechase | 9:45.88 |
# Port-en-Bessin-Huppain

Port-en-Bessin-Huppain (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
The commune contains the two towns of Port-en-Bessin and Huppain.

## History

The name Huppain stems from Norse/Norwegian Oppheim, reflecting the general Viking history of Normandy.
The town was captured by Royal Marines of No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando in Operation Aubery during the Normandy landings and used as the terminal for PLUTO (Pipe-Lines Under The Ocean).

## Media

Port-en-Bessin was used to represent nearby Ouistreham in the 1962 film The Longest Day.

## Sister cities

* Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, (France), since 1976.
# Straightening theorem for vector fields

In differential calculus, the domain-straightening theorem states that, given a vector field $X$ on a manifold, there exist local coordinates $y_{1},\dots ,y_{n}$ such that $X=\partial /\partial y_{1}$ in a neighborhood of a point where $X$ is nonzero. The theorem is also known as straightening out of a vector field.
The Frobenius theorem in differential geometry can be considered as a higher-dimensional generalization of this theorem.

## Proof

It is clear that we only have to find such coordinates at 0 in $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$. First we write $X=\sum _{j}f_{j}(x){\partial \over \partial x_{j}}$ where $x$ is some coordinate system at $0,$ and $f_{1},f_{2},\dots ,f_{n}$ are the component function of $X$ relative to $x.$ Let $f=(f_{1},\dots ,f_{n})$. By linear change of coordinates, we can assume $f(0)=(1,0,\dots ,0).$ Let $\Phi (t,p)$ be the solution of the initial value problem ${\dot {x}}=f(x),x(0)=p$ and let
    $\psi (x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})=\Phi (x_{1},(0,x_{2},\dots ,x_{n})).$
$\Phi$ (and thus $\psi$) is smooth by smooth dependence on initial conditions in ordinary differential equations. It follows that
    ${\partial \over \partial x_{1}}\psi (x)=f(\psi (x))$,
and, since $\psi (0,x_{2},\dots ,x_{n})=\Phi (0,(0,x_{2},\dots ,x_{n}))=(0,x_{2},\dots ,x_{n})$, the differential $d\psi$ is the identity at $0$. Thus, $y=\psi ^{-1}(x)$ is a coordinate system at $0$. Finally, since $x=\psi (y)$, we have: ${\partial x_{j} \over \partial y_{1}}=f_{j}(\psi (y))=f_{j}(x)$ and so ${\partial \over \partial y_{1}}=X$ as required.
# Tourgéville

Tourgéville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
The Deauville-Clairefontaine Racecourse is located on the territory of the commune.
# Trouville-sur-Mer

Trouville-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: , literally Trouville on Sea), commonly referred to as Trouville, is a city of 4,603 inhabitants in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
Trouville-sur-Mer borders Deauville across the River Touques. This fishing-village on the English Channel became a popular tourist attraction (beach-resort and holiday-destination) in Normandy from the 19th century. Its long sandy beach earned then the nickname of "queen of the beaches" ("Reine des plages") or "most beautiful beach in the world".
The name of Trouville is frequently associated with the names of the numerous painters that visited it and painted there, especially during the second part of the XIXth century: Claude Monet, Eugène Boudin, Raoul Dufy, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Gustave Caillebotte, Fernand Léger, etc.
Trouville remains today a city of leisure and vacation with a casino and numerous festivals, as well as a city of culture (Marcel Proust, Marguerite Duras, Raymond Savignac, etc.). Numerous celebrities own vacation homes in the city: Gérard Depardieu, Antoine de Caunes, Bettina Rheims, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Karl Zéro, etc.
Close to Paris and easily accessible by train, Trouville (as well as neighbouring Deauville) earned the nickname of 21st "Arrondissements of Paris".

## Gallery

* Eugène Boudin, The Beach at Trouville, 1865, Princeton University Art Museum
* Eugène Boudin, The Beach at Trouville (Trouville, La Plage), Brooklyn Museum

## Population

The town's inhabitants are called Trouvillais in French.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 938 | — |
| 1800 | 628 | −5.57% |
| 1806 | 1,072 | +9.32% |
| 1821 | 1,236 | +0.95% |
| 1831 | 1,464 | +1.71% |
| 1836 | 1,673 | +2.70% |
| 1841 | 1,887 | +2.44% |
| 1846 | 2,267 | +3.74% |
| 1851 | 3,504 | +9.10% |
| 1856 | 4,163 | +3.51% |
| 1861 | 5,200 | +4.55% |
| 1866 | 5,694 | +1.83% |
| 1872 | 5,761 | +0.20% |
| 1876 | 5,886 | +0.54% |
| 1881 | 6,263 | +1.25% |
| 1886 | 6,308 | +0.14% |
| 1891 | 6,243 | −0.21% |
| 1896 | 6,264 | +0.07% |
| 1901 | 6,137 | −0.41% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 6,401 | +0.85% |
| 1911 | 6,190 | −0.67% |
| 1921 | 6,262 | +0.12% |
| 1926 | 6,514 | +0.79% |
| 1931 | 6,465 | −0.15% |
| 1936 | 6,182 | −0.89% |
| 1946 | 7,585 | +2.07% |
| 1954 | 7,040 | −0.93% |
| 1962 | 6,622 | −0.76% |
| 1968 | 6,429 | −0.49% |
| 1975 | 6,618 | +0.41% |
| 1982 | 6,008 | −1.37% |
| 1990 | 5,607 | −0.86% |
| 1999 | 5,411 | −0.39% |
| 2007 | 4,928 | −1.16% |
| 2012 | 4,758 | −0.70% |
| 2017 | 4,628 | −0.55% |
| 2019 | 4,603 | −0.27% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968–2017) :

## International relations

Trouville-sur-Mer is twinned with:
* Barnstaple, United Kingdom
* Vrchlabí, Czech Republic
# Langrune-sur-Mer

Langrune-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: , literally Langrune on Sea) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## International relations

The commune is twinned with Fishbourne, UK since 1998.
# Shamsabad, Taft

Shamsabad (Persian: شمس اباد, romanized: Shamsābād) is a village in Nasrabad Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 8 families.
# Oni Buchanan

Oni Buchanan (born 1975) is an American poet, and pianist. Her poetry collections include Spring (University of Illinois Press, 2008), a 2007 National Poetry Series winner, as well as Must a Violence (2012) and Time Being (2020), both published by the University of Iowa Press. Her first book, What Animal, came out with the University of Georgia Press in 2003. Her discography includes three solo piano CDs on the independent Velvet Ear Records label. Her concert programming is often interdisciplinary in nature. She has performed solo recitals throughout the United States and abroad.
She graduated from the University of Virginia, from the New England Conservatory of Music, with a Master's degree in piano performance, and from the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop an M.F.A. in poetry. Her teachers included Russell Sherman, Stephen Drury, Daniel Mark Epstein, Patricia Zander, Uriel Tsachor, and Mimi Tung.

## Published works

Full-length poetry collections
* Time Being
* Must a Violence
* Spring. University of Illinois Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-252-07564-3.
* What Animal. University of Georgia Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8203-2567-5.
Electronic literature works
Buchanan's large-scale kinetic poem "The Mandrake Vehicles" is included in the Electronic Literature Collection, Volume 2 (ELC2), published by MITH (Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities).
Anthology publications
* Lyn Hejinian; David Lehman, eds. (2004). "The Walk". The best American poetry, 2004. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5757-2.
* Michael Dumanis; Cate Marvin, eds. (2006). Legitimate dangers: American poets of the new century. Sarabande Books. ISBN 978-1-932511-29-1.
* Brett Fletcher Lauer; Aimee Kelley, eds. (2004). Isn't it romantic: 100 love poems by younger American poets. Verse Press. ISBN 978-0-9746353-1-6.

## Reviews

   "Oni Buchanan's second poetry collection, Spring, is an exercise in language as vessel for spiritual experience and reverence for nature. As a musician and a poet, she puts more emphasis on sound than on syntax, and her poems are driven more by harmony and assonance than by grammar. Just as music hides melodies inside harmonies and accompaniments, Buchanan hides poetry within poetry, and she seeks out the physical representation of these layers throughout the collection. The culmination of this technique can be seen in "The Mandrake Vehicles," the final section of the collection (which is also presented as a flash animation on an accompanying CD), but she introduces her reader to hidden poetry as early as the collection's supernumerary prologue poem."
   "I've read it upwards of ten times. I've spent hours with it, sat down with it in my apartment at various times of day and night, carried it on the subway to and from work, and tucked it away for a few long train rides. I can say that I've tried, and then tried again. But after all the self-conscious worry about missing something here, about Doty's name somehow giving it validation, I simply cannot subscribe."
Marjorie Luesebrink reviewed The Mandrake Vehicles in #WomenTechLit as a landmark innovation.
# Brucourt

Brucourt (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Bréville-les-Monts

Bréville-les-Monts (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It was the location for the Battle of Bréville fought by the 6th Airborne Division during the Second World War.

## History

The town was formerly called Bréville, and was officially renamed Bréville-les-Monts on 26 August 2004.

## Twin towns

* Hillerse in Germany
# Saint-Léger-Dubosq

Saint-Léger-Dubosq is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Sallenelles

Sallenelles (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## Tourism

Most visitors to Sallenelles come to see the Orne estuary, to walk, cycle, or hunt the local water-fowl, or the Maison de la Nature, a permanent exhibition on the local ecosystem. World War II veterans come to see the memorial to the Belgian Brigade Piron which liberated the village in 1944.

### Transportation

Sallenelles is on the D514 between Ranville and Merville-Franceville-Plage. There is also a road to Amfreville. The Bus Verts line 20 has some services that stop at Sallenelles.
# Touffréville

Touffréville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Beta solenoid

A beta solenoid is a protein fold composed of repeating beta strands subunits, arranged in antiparallel fashion to form a superhelix.

## Terminology and classification

Beta solenoids are part of the solenoid class of protein tandem repeats.

## Structure

Beta solenoids are elongated and potentially open-ended protein repeats characterized by beta strands winding around an imaginary axis, where the beta sheets are formed by sequences of consecutive repeat units.
# Creully sur Seulles

Creully sur Seulles (French pronunciation:, literally Creully on Seulles) is a commune in the department of Calvados, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Creully (the seat), Saint-Gabriel-Brécy and Villiers-le-Sec.
# Harry Amos Bullis

Harry Amos Bullis (7 October 1890 – 28 September 1963) was an American business executive who served as president and chairman of General Mills.
He joined the company as a mill hand in 1919, and he soon became the confidant of founder James Ford Bell. He helped expand their breakfast foods (Wheaties, Cheerios) and diversified into convenience foods (Betty Crocker cake mixes) and non-food businesses.
In 1948 Bullis married Countess Maria Smorczewska, a Polish refugee.
He died of Hodgkin's disease in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
# Meuvaines

Meuvaines (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Vendes

Vendes (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
# Volhard–Erdmann cyclization

The Volhard–Erdmann cyclization is an organic synthesis of alkyl and aryl thiophenes by cyclization of disodium succinate or other 1,4-difunctional compounds (γ-oxo acids, 1,4-diketones, chloroacetyl-substituted esters) with phosphorus heptasulfide. The reaction is named after Jacob Volhard and Hugo Erdmann.
An example is the synthesis of 3-methylthiophene starting from itaconic acid:
# Ilan de Basso

Ilan de Basso (born 1 October 1969) is a Turkish-born ethnic Assyrian Swedish politician from the Social Democratic Party.
Ilan De Basso grew up in Stockholm and Örebro. He moved to his current hometown Jönköping in the late 1990s and has worked as a policy analyst, at the NGO Save the Children Fund, and at the Swedish Public Employment Service. He was previously a counsellor in Jönköping Municipality for 11 years, where he was responsible for education, labour market and care issues.
Ilan De Basso became a member of European Parliament on 13 December 2021, where he is a member of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and substitute for the committee on budgets as well as the committee on development.

## Political career

Since 2013, he is a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party's national board.
In 2021, he replaced Johan Danielsson in the European Parliament when he was appointed to the Andersson Cabinet.
He was elected a Member of the Riksdag in the 2022 Swedish general election.
# Alpha Barry

Alpha Barry (born 1 January 1970) is a Burkinabé politician and journalist. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021.

## Biography

Barry is born on 1 January 1970 in Ivory Coast. His birth name is Alpha Mamadou Barry. He has been a correspondent of RFI in Ouagadougou and collaborator of magazine Jeune Afrique.
12 January 2016, he is appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Burkina Faso.
Barry owns the Omega media group which was suspended on 12 August, 2023, by the government of Burkina Faso for airing an "insulting" interview with Nigerian anti-junta spokesmen Ousmane Abdoul Moumouni. The interviewer criticized the Junta and talked about restoring President Bazoum to power. The government stated that the interview was "clearly campaigning for violence and war against the sovereign people of Niger."

## Health

During the 2020 coronavirus outbreak, on 20 March, Barry contracted the coronavirus.