OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minority languages of Denmark

The Danish language is the official language in Denmark. In the Faroe Islands, the Faroese language and the Danish language are the official languages, and both must be taught in schools. Danish should be used in court, but Faroese can be used in all other official places. The Greenlandic language is the official language in Greenland, and Greenland's Home Rule Act of 2009 does not require Danish to be taught or the use of Danish for official purposes. In accordance with Denmark's official monolingualism, all official documents and communications are in Danish.

## History

Throughout much of its history, Denmark has been home to a population of Low German speakers in many of its towns, including the capital, Copenhagen. Rural settlers known as "potato Germans" and "beet Poles" also brought their own languages to Danish farms. During the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, Dutch was spoken among descendants of Dutch/Flemish settlers on the island of Amager (Dragør, Store Magleby and Christianshavn). In its heyday, the Royal Danish Navy was composed largely of Norwegian speakers. Additionally, North Frisian was spoken on the North Frisian Islands. During the 19th century, German Jews brought the Yiddish language to Copenhagen and a few other towns, and in the early 20th century, an influx of Russian Jews gave this language a brief revival.
However, subsequent generations of all these groups have overwhelmingly abandoned their ancestral languages and assimilated into the dominant language-speaking population.

## Protection

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities entered into force in Denmark on 1 February 1998 while European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages entered into force on 1 January 2001.

## Languages
### German

North Schleswig Germans‘ language rights are protected by the Copenhagen-Bonn Declarations of 1955. Outside the minority area German is used by members of St. Peter's parish in Copenhagen. 24 German kindergartens and 18 German schools are maintained by the German School and Language Association. Although the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages stipulates the right of the German minority to use their own forms of geographical names, no steps have been taken in this direction.

### Greenlandic and Faeroese languages

First-generation Greenlanders in Denmark and Faroese in Denmark tend to speak their own languages, rather than Danish.

### Romani

In 2011 Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe recommended that the Danish authorities clarify the issue of the traditional presence of the Romani language in country. The authorities responded that they have reviewed multiple sources and tried also to obtain information by contacting universities in Scandinavia, but did not find any documentation in support of the traditional presence of the Romani language in Denmark. During the on-the-spot visit, the Committee of Experts met with a representative of the Romani People who argued that there are around 5,000 people still living in Denmark who might be considered descendants of ten Sinti families that came from Schleswig-Holstein in the 19th century.
# Ian Fok

Ian Fok Chun-wan, SBS, JP (Chinese: 霍震寰; born 12 May 1949) is the Chief Executive of the Fok Ying Tung Foundation and the life honorary chairman of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce. He is the incumbent Hong Kong delegate to the National People's Congress.

## Biography

Son of famous pro-China tycoon Henry Fok, he graduated from the University of British Columbia with the Master of Business Administration. He was made Justice of the Peace in 2003 and was awarded the Silver Bauhinia Star (SBS) in 2005. He was first elected to the 11th National People's Congress in 2007 and was re-elected in 2011 and 2017. He is also the vice-chairman of the All-China Youth Federation and director of the Bank of East Asia. Currently, he and his wife Jo Jo have three children together.
# St John's Church, Gateshead Fell

St John's Church, Gateshead Fell, is in Church Road, Sheriff Hill, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Gateshead, the archdeaconry of Sunderland, and the diocese of Durham. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It was a Commissioners' church, having received a grant towards its construction from the Church Building Commission. The church stands at the highest point in Gateshead.

## History

Section 12 of the Gateshead Inclosure Act 1809 (49 Geo. 3. c. cxxxv) set aside an acre of land at Gateshead Fell to build a church, and another act of Parliament passed the same day, the Gateshead Fell Church Act 1809 (49 Geo. 3. c. cxvi) decreed that there be a church built on it. A grant of £1,000 (equivalent to £110,000 in 2023) was given towards its construction by the Church Building Commission. Designed by John Ions, the foundation stone was laid by Rev. John Collinson, at a "lofty eminence" on Sour Milk Hill, on 13 May 1824. Building continued into the next year and the church was consecrated on 30 August 1825. The total cost was £2,742 (equivalent to £300,000 in 2023). In the 1990s alterations were carried out at the rear of the church to create meeting rooms, toilets, and a kitchen.

## Architecture

St John's is constructed in ashlar stone with a Welsh slate roof. Its architectural style is Gothic Revival. The plan of the church consists of a nave, a short chancel, and a west tower with a spire. The tower also has diagonal buttresses and an embattled parapet. The windows along the sides of the church are lancets. The two-manual organ was made by Harrison and Harrison. It replaced an organ made in about 1929 by Blackett and Howden, and was installed in 2000. The organ was formerly in St Aidan's Church, Blackhill, Consett.
# Roberto Castillo Sandoval

Roberto Castillo Sandoval (born November 14, 1957, in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean author, translator and professor of Spanish and Comparative Literature at Haverford College in Haverford, Pennsylvania. He has a Ph.D. and A.M. in Romance Languages and Literatures from Harvard University (1992 and 1987, respectively), an M.A. in Latin American Literature from Vanderbilt University (1985) and a B.A. in Sociology from Kenyon College (1982).
His latest novel, La novela del corazón (Laurel Editores, 2022) loosely based on the history of heart transplants in Chile in the 1960's, won the prestigious Santiago Municipal Literature Award, Chile's oldest continuous literary award, in 2023.
His novel in the form of fictional obituaries, Muertes imaginarias (Laurel Editores, 2020) was named "Best of 2020 Narrative Fiction Book" by the Chilean Art Critics Circle.
His novel Muriendo por la dulce patria mía (Planeta, 1998; republished, with a new version and postscript by Laurel Editores, 2017) is a fictional account centered on Chilean heavyweight boxer Arturo Godoy A film based on this book, produced by Max Gandarillas, directed by Rodrigo Sepúlveda, is scheduled to be released in theaters throughout Latin America in August, 2025.
A collection of essays and chronicles, Antípodas. Ensayos y crónicas (Cuarto Propio, 2014) was one of three finalists for the Santiago Municipal Prize in the Essay category, 2015.
Among his translations from English into Spanish are Herman Melville's Bartleby, the Scrivener and Nathaniel Hawthorne's Wakefield, published by Hueders in 2017 and 2019, respectively.
In addition, he has published scholarly essays on Latin American colonial and contemporary literature, short fiction, poetry, travel chronicles, and literary and opinion columns for Chilean, Argentinean, American, and Spanish print and web media.
He maintains the blog Antípodas, which hosts a selection of his essays, fiction, and translation work.
# Ambiancecross

The Ambiancecross race, sometimes called Ambiancecross Dendermonde is a cyclo-cross race held in Dendermonde, Belgium. The race has been held since 2018 and since 2020 it is part of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup. The race is held on a usually muddy course just outside the village of Grembergen in the municipality of Dendermonde.

## History

The Ambiancecross was first held in 2018 in Wachtebeke which had previously been the location of the Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships in 2005. The race was organised by Jurgen Mettepenningen who was also the team manager of the UCI continental cycling team Pauwels Sauzen–Bingoal. In 2020 the race moved from Wachtebeke some 30 kilometers further to Dendermonde and became part of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup. However the first edition, in December 2020, had to be held without spectators due to COVID-19 pandemic; moreover, the 2020 race was also affected by the Storm Bella. The 2021 world cup race was held once more without spectators due to COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022 there was no race but in 2023 it was back as part of the world cup.

## Past winners
### Elite Men

| Season | Series | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2024–2025 | World Cup | Wout van Aert (BEL) | Emiel Verstrynge (BEL) | Joran Wyseure (BEL) |
| 2023–2024 | World Cup | Pim Ronhaar (NED) | Lars van der Haar (NED) | Laurens Sweeck (BEL) |
| 2021–2022 | World Cup | Wout van Aert (BEL) | Mathieu van der Poel (NED) | Toon Aerts (BEL) |
| 2020–2021 | World Cup | Wout van Aert (BEL) | Mathieu van der Poel (NED) | Toon Aerts (BEL) |
| 2019–2020 | stand-alone race | Mathieu van der Poel (NED) | Tim Merlier (BEL) | Quinten Hermans (BEL) |
| 2018–2019 | stand-alone race | Mathieu van der Poel (NED) | Michael Vanthourenhout (BEL) | Wout van Aert (BEL) |

### Elite Women

| Season | Series | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2024–2025 | World Cup | Lucinda Brand (NED) | Puck Pieterse (NED) | Fem van Empel (NED) |
| 2023–2024 | World Cup | Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado (NED) | Lucinda Brand (NED) | Zoe Bäckstedt (GBR) |
| 2021–2022 | World Cup | Lucinda Brand (NED) | Clara Honsinger (USA) | Denise Betsema (NED) |
| 2020–2021 | World Cup | Lucinda Brand (NED) | Clara Honsinger (USA) | Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado (NED) |
| 2019–2020 | stand-alone race | Yara Kastelijn (NED) | Sanne Cant (BEL) | Laura Verdonschot (BEL) |
| 2018–2019 | stand-alone race | Denise Betsema (NED) | Alice Maria Arzuffi (ITA) | Annemarie Worst (NED) |
# Per Arne Glorvigen

Per Arne Glorvigen (born 2 June 1963, in Drammen) is a Norwegian musician and composer, particularly known as a bandoneon and tango player. He is mentioned as one of the world's leading contemporary bandoneon players and "wizard of the buttons" (The Times).
He studied with Juan José Mosalini in France. In France he appeared with France Gall and Amelita Baltar. From 1994 he worked with Gidon Kremer and they formed the Astor-Quartet with Vadim Sakharov (piano) and Alois Pusch (double bass). With Kremer he recorded 4 CDs the first named "Hommage à Piazzolla." Glorvigen has performed with BBC Symphony Orchestra, Staatskapelle Dresden and the Alban Berg Quartett. He has adapted organ music by J. S. Bach to the bandoneon.
Glorvigen was named Artist in Residence at the Bergen International Festival 2006. Henrik Hellstenius' concerto for Glorvigen's bandoneon Glorvigen first performed with Oslo Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra in 2008. Willem Jeths also dedicated a bandoneon concerto to Glorvigen.

## Discography

* 1997: Hommage à Piazzolla, with Kremer, Choc in Le Monde de la musique, nominated for "Grammy" (WPCS 5070 Nonesuch/Warner USA)
* 1997: El Tango, with Kremer, award Victoires de la musique (WPCS 5080 Nonesuch/Warner USA 1997)
* 1998: Maria de Buenos Aires, with Kremer, nominated for “Grammy” USA (3984-22063-3 Teldec/Warner Germany 1998)
* 1999: Tango Ballet, with Gidon Kremer (3984-226612 Teldec/Warner Germany 1999)
* 2001: From Yesterday to Penny Lane, Göran Söllscher plays the Beatles (Deutsche Grammophon 459692-2)
* 2002: Buenos Aires with Carrefour Slagverkensemble (NorthwestClassics Nwc 205275)
* 2003: Tango Sensations with Alban Berg Quartett (Emi Classics 724355777829)
* 2004: Argentinske Tangoar og Lyriske Stykkjer av Grieg, (Solo Bandoneon) (BAN 101-2 2004)
* 2005: Sarabando, with Tormod Dalen (NorthwestClassics Nwc 306168)
* 2005: Jazz up the Beatles, various artists (Verve)
* 2005: Great recordings of the century, with Alban Berg Quartett (EMI classics)
* 2007: Virgin and Whore, with Sveinung Lillebjerka (Simax)

## Works

* 2007: Duda y Fuerza for string quartet and bandoneon, for KKKK-Festival, Kristiansund.
* 2007: Zalgo, for guitar and bandoneon, first performance at KKKK-festival, Kristiansund.
* 2012: Violent Tenderness for string quartet and bandoneon, for Apollon Musagète Quartet.
* 2015: Tango Funebre (after Chopin) for Apollon Musagète string quartet/Chopin festival, Warsaw.
* 2015: Stabat Mater for sopran, percussion, bandoneon, choir and strings. KKKK-festival, Kristiansund.
# Scott Cleverdon

Scott Cleverdon (born July 31, 1969) is a Scottish actor best known as the angel Pyriel in the film The Prophecy 3: The Ascent. He has also done significant voice acting.
Cleverdon was born and raised in Edinburgh, attending Broughton High School, Edinburgh and trained in Glasgow's Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. In 1994, he voiced Cletus Kasady / Carnage in Spider-Man. In 2008, Cleverdon starred in the film Ecstasy based on The Undefeated from Irvine Welsh's best-selling novel Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance.
From 2011, he played Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba in the series Borgia, which also starred his wife, actress Assumpta Serna.

## Personal life

Cleverdon married Spanish actress Assumpta Serna in 1994. They live in Madrid, Spain and have taught film acting since the publication of Assumpta Serna's book El Trabajo del Actor de Cine.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1996 | Germans | Willi Sonnenbruch | |
| 1997 | Kiss & Tell | Scott DeBirdy | |
| 1997 | McHale's Navy | David | |
| 1999 | Kill the Man | Revolutionary | |
| 2000 | The Prophecy 3: The Ascent | Pyriel | |
| 2004 | Soccer Dog: European Cup | Alex Foote | |
| 2005 | Soldier of God | Geoffrey | |
| 2006 | The Amazing Grace | Oliver | |
| 2006 | Goya's Ghosts | French General | |
| 2007 | Tortilla Heaven | Jesus | |
| 2022 | The Dog Knight | Monsieur Dogtanian, Captain Bloodhound, additional voices | English dub |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1992 | No Job for a Lady | Craig | Episode: "A Bed for the Night" |
| 1992 | Soldier Soldier | Lt. Nesbitt | Episode: "Something Old, Something New" |
| 1993 | Agatha Christie's Poirot | President | Episode: "The Case of the Missing Will" |
| 1993 | Taggart | Jeremy Napier | Episode: "Fatal Inheritance" |
| 1994 | Sharpe's Company | Harry Price | |
| 1995 | Baywatch Nights | Photographer | Episode: "Pursuit" |
| 1996 | Gargoyles | Rory Dugan/Cuchulain, Jason Canmore, Jon Canmore, John Castaway, Thug (voice) | 4 episodes |
| 1996 | Spider-Man | Cletus Kasady/Carnage, Michael Pingree (voice) | 3 episodes |
| 1996 | The Sentinel | Connor | Episode: "True Crime" |
| 1997 | Beverly Hills, 90210 | Neil Phillips | Episode: "Phantom of CU" |
| 1998 | The New Batman Adventures | Thomas Blake (voice) | Episode: "Cult of the Cat" |
| 1999 | Batman Beyond | Jack (voice) | Episode: "Dead Man's Hand" |
| 1999 | Royal Standard | Loki | Television film |
| 2000 | Rebus | "Pretty Boy" Summers | Episode: "The Hanging Garden" |
| 2005 | Murphy's Law | Daniel McGeechan | Episode: "Disorganised Crime" |
| 2005 | 55 Degrees North | Cory North | 1 episode |
| 2007 | Dear Green Place | Vigo Masterson | Episode: "Bandstand" |
| 2007 | Wedding Belles | Kevin | Television film |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1999 | Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace | Obi-Wan Kenobi |
| 2000 | Star Wars Episode I: Jedi Power Battles | Obi-Wan Kenobi |
| 2000 | Star Wars: Jar Jar's Journey Adventure Book | Obi-Wan Kenobi |
# Wiseman Lumkile Nkuhlu

Wiseman Lumkile Nkuhlu GCOB (born 5 February 1944) in Cala, Eastern Cape. Wiseman became South Africa's first qualified black chartered accountant. He served as an economic advisory for President Thabo Mbeki from 2000-2004 and chaired the Development Bank of Southern Africa Transmition team from January to May 1995. He is the Chancellor of the University of Pretoria and Chairman of N M Rothschild & Sons in South Africa.
# Toboyne Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania

Toboyne Township is a township in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 467 at the 2020 census. Big Spring State Forest Picnic Area is on the western end of Toboyne Township near Conococheague Mountain. Fowlers Hollow State Park is also in the township. It is named after Taughboyne, County Donegal, Ireland.

## History

The Israel and Samuel Lupfer Tannery Site and House and O'Donel House and Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 56.3 square miles (145.7 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 494 people, 195 households, and 140 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.8 people per square mile (3.4/km$^2$). There were 541 housing units at an average density of 9.6/sq mi (3.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.19% White, 0.20% Native American, and 0.61% from two or more races.
There were 195 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.1% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $30,833, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $36,083 versus $20,417 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,537. About 11.5% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.9% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Jimmy Evans (footballer, born 1999)

Jimmy Evans Oghenerukwe (born 13 March 1999) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Championnat National club Nancy.

## Career

Evans joined Rocha in 2019 after accompanying his friend from Nigeria for trials with the club. He won the Uruguayan Segunda División Amateur title in his first season with the club.
Evans joined Danubio on loan in January 2022. He made his professional debut for the club on 8 February 2022 by scoring his team's only goal in a 1–0 league win against Cerrito.
Evans joined Brazilian club Betim in April 2024 after terminating his contract with Rocha. In August 2024, he joined French club Nancy.

## Career statistics

    As of 1 January 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Rocha | 2019 | Uruguayan Segunda División Amateur | 25 | 10 | — | — | 25 | 10 |
| Rocha | 2020 | Uruguayan Segunda División | 13 | 1 | — | — | 13 | 1 |
| Rocha | 2021 | USD | 17 | 2 | — | — | 17 | 2 |
| Rocha | Total | Total | 55 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 13 |
| Danubio (loan) | 2022 | Uruguayan Primera División | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 66 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 14 |

## Honours

Rocha
* Uruguayan Segunda División Amateur: 2019
# Capital punishment in Uzbekistan

Capital punishment in Uzbekistan has been abolished.
On August 1, 2005, President Islam Karimov signed a decree stating that “the death penalty shall be cancelled in the Republic of Uzbekistan as of January 1, 2008, as a form of criminal punishment and shall be replaced by sentence for life or long prison terms”. The reason given for the three-year delay was the need to build new prisons to house people condemned to life terms instead of the death penalty.
The last execution in Uzbekistan took place in 2005.
# Capital punishment in Togo

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] Capital punishment was abolished in Togo in 2009. The country carried out its last execution in 1978. Prior to the death penalty's de jure abolition, Togo was classified as "Abolitionist in Practice."
Togo acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on 14 Sep 2016. Togo voted in favour of the 2020 United Nations moratorium on the death penalty resolution.
# AmbaCoin

AmbaCoin is the official cryptocurrency of Ambazonia. It was launched in 2018, and the ICO was from December 2018 to 2019. The Ambazonia Governing Council claims that all profits go towards their independence struggle and humanitarian aid. It is said to be backed by the "rich natural resources" of the breakaway region.

## Proposal

In 2018, AmbaCoin was created with the intention of being the official currency of Ambazonia. Despite the AmbaCoin being a cryptocurrency, it cannot be used as an official currency due to many Ambazonians not having access to the internet, low internet literacy, and lack of proper electricity infrastructure; most residents have little to no access to electricity. Because of this, a new currency would have to be introduced if independence is attained, for day-to-day transactions and business matters. Several names have been suggested but none have been adopted officially. Examples include: the Amba, the Ambazonian Shilling, the Amba-Dollar, Southern Cameroonian Pound, Ambazonian Cowry (the historical currency that circulated along the coast of West Africa, mostly by traders and merchants, before the colonization of Africa), Njangi, Ambazonian Dinar, Ambazonian Qwid and the West African Eco (provided it joins the ECOWAS along with the WAMZ if or once independence is attained).