OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aviation light signals

In the case of a radio failure or aircraft not equipped with a radio, or in the case of a deaf pilot, air traffic control may use a signal lamp (called a "signal light gun" or "light gun" by the FAA) to direct the aircraft. ICAO regulations require air traffic control towers to possess such signal lamps. The signal lamp has a focused bright beam and is capable of emitting three different colors: red, white and green. These colors may be flashed or steady, and have different meanings to aircraft in flight or on the ground. Planes can acknowledge the instruction by rocking their wings, moving the ailerons if on the ground, or by flashing their landing or navigation lights during hours of darkness. Air traffic control signal light guns are typically specified with a (white) center beam brightness of > 180,000 - 200,000 candela, and are visible for roughly 4 miles in clear daylight conditions. The table below describes the meaning of the signals. The use of handheld combination red/green/white signal lamps for air traffic control dates back to at least the 1930s.
| Signal | Aircraft in flight | Aircraft on the ground | Ground vehicles or personnel |
| Flashing white | ICAO – Land at this airport and proceed to apron (this is not a clearance to either land or taxi. Clearances to land and taxi will follow.) FAA – Not applicable | Return to starting point on airport | Return to starting point on airport |
| Steady green | Cleared to land | Cleared for takeoff | Cleared to cross, proceed or go |
| Flashing green | Return for landing | Cleared to taxi | Not applicable |
| Steady red | Give way to other aircraft and continue circling | STOP | STOP |
| Flashing red | Airport unsafe, do not land | Taxi clear of the runway in use | Clear the taxiway/runway |
| Alternating red and green | Exercise extreme caution | Exercise extreme caution | Exercise extreme caution |
# Ali Raza (cricketer, born 1981)

Ali Raza Berni (born 16 February 1981) is a Pakistani former first-class cricketer who played for Islamabad between 1997 and 2002.
# Raza Ali Dar

Raza Ali Dar (born 11 December 1987) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays for Lahore cricket team. In April 2018, he was named in Federal Areas' squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup.
# Frédéric Andréi

Frédéric Andréi (born 23 October 1959) is a French actor and director.
In 1980 he starred in Le Voyage en douce under director Michel Deville. The next year he played the lead in Jean-Jacques Beineix's Diva, as Jules, a moped-riding postman obsessed with an American opera singer.
He directed the feature films Paris Minuit (1986) and Par suite d'un arrêt de travail (2008).
# Malčice

Malčice (Hungarian: Málca) is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1274 .

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 120 metres and covers an area of 22.66 km$^2$ (8.75 sq mi) (2020-06-30/-07-01).

## Culture

The village has a public library and a football pitch.
# Jon Prescott

Jon Prescott (born August 10, 1981) is an American actor.

## Early life

He was born in Mountain View, California, but raised near Portland, Oregon. Prescott has two brothers, and a sister. He attended Emerson College in Boston. After college he moved to Los Angeles.

## Career

He hosted OLN's Outdoor Investigations and has also been seen on television in 30 Rock, Rescue Me, CSI: New York, As the World Turns, Watch Over Me, Law & Order, Las Vegas, One Life to Live, Hot Properties, The 1/2 Hour News Hour, Celebrity Apprentice, and the HBO pilot Suburban Shootout. His films include Howl and The Holiday.
Prescott had a recurring role as Mark Flemming on the first season of the Lifetime TV series The Client List in 2012.
In 2012 and 2013, Prescott appeared in ads for Gevalia Kaffe as "Johan", a handsome Swedish spokesman who has an irresistible effect on women.

## TV series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | Hot Properties | Nelson Buch | Guest star |
| 2006 | CSI: NY | Nick Gunn | Guest star |
| 2006 | Outdoor Investigations | Lucas Simms | Series regular |
| 2007 | Watch Over Me' | Pette Weber | Main cast |
| 2007 | Las Vegas | Jeremy | Guest star |
| 2008 | As the World Turns | Mike Kasnoff | Recurring |
| 2009 | Law & Order | Davey Burke | Guest star |
| 2009 | One Life to Live | Chad Driscoll | Guest star; 3 episodes |
| 2010 | Rescue Me | Memory Hank | Guest star |
| 2010 | 30 Rock | The Guy | cameo |
| 2011 | Law & Order: Criminal Intent | Johnny Apreda | Guest star |
| 2011 | The Good Wife | Andre Felise | Guest star |
| 2011 | Untitled Jersey City Project | Frank George | Series regular |
| 2012 | River Ridge | Brad Rylan | Series Regular |
| 2012 | The Client List | Mark Fleming | Recurring |
| 2018 | American Woman | Barry | Recurring |

## Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2006 | The Holiday | James |
| 2007 | Careless | Jimmy |
| 2009 | Howl | Neal Cassady |
| 2011 | The One | Daniel |
| 2012 | Maladies | Prescott |
| 2012 | Holiday High School Reunion | Craig |
| 2013 | Construction | Aaron |
| 2013 | Christmas in the City | Tom Wolman |
| 2014 | Parts per Billion | Jay |
| 2016 | Seduced | Gavin |
| 2018 | Psycho Daughter | Joseph |
# Toshiki Uematsu

Toshiki Uematsu (上松俊貴, Uematsu Toshiki, born 11 June 1998) is a Japanese soft tennis player.
He is the gold medalist at the 2022 Asian Games in men's singles, men's team, and mixed doubles events. With three gold medals, he is the most successful Japanese athlete at the games.
# Parliamentary amendment

In Brazilian politics, a parliamentary amendment (in Portuguese: emenda parlamentar) is a way of allocating public budget resources, legally indicated by members of the National Congress and state legislative assemblies for specific purposes, generally related to the thematic and electoral interests of each parliamentarian. These amendments are part of the General Budget of the Union (OGU) and are a way for parliamentarians to directly influence the allocation of public resources.
Before 2015, amendments were not mandatory, and the Executive could ignore the allocation given by parliamentarians. Constitutional Amendment No. 86, however, introduced the so-called mandatory amendments, which must be complied with by the Executive up to a percentage ceiling established by the Budget Guidelines Law (LDO). Congress expanded the process in 2019, also making the so-called "bench amendments" mandatory.

## Types of parliamentary amendments

* Individual: proposed by individual members of parliament. Since 2015, these amendments have become mandatory, meaning that the government is obliged to implement them, except in cases of technical impediments or legal justifications.
* Bench: Presented collectively by state or regional benches. They are aimed at projects that benefit more than one municipality or region of a state.
* By committee: Presented by the permanent committees of the Chamber or Senate. They seek to serve specific sectors, such as health, education, or infrastructure.
* From the rapporteur: proposed by the budget rapporteur, generally to meet interests negotiated between Congress and the federal government. These amendments are more controversial, due to their lack of transparency and their connection to the so-called "secret budget".

## Criticism

Parliamentary amendments, although important for decentralizing resources and meeting local demands, face several criticisms, such as lack of transparency, use as an instrument of political negotiation between the government and Congress, lack of strategic planning, risk of regional inequality, dependence on municipalities and potential for irregularities.
# Lamont v. Postmaster General

Lamont v. Postmaster General, 381 U.S. 301 (1965), was a landmark First Amendment Supreme Court case, in which the ruling of the Supreme Court struck down § 305(a) of the Postal Service and Federal Employees Salary Act of 1962, a federal statute requiring the Postmaster General to detain and deliver only upon the addressee's request unsealed foreign mailings of "communist political propaganda."

## Background

39 U.S.C. 4008 (1964) required the U.S. Postmaster General to detain and not deliver "communist political propaganda," unless a recipient affirmatively indicated their consent to receive such materials through the mail. Dr. Corliss Lamont had a copy of the Peking Review detained and declined to respond to the government's inquiry as to whether he wished to receive the delivery. Lamont subsequently filed suit alleging that Section 4008 violated his 1st Amendment and 5th Amendment rights.

## Opinion of the court

The Court held:
   the Act, as construed and applied, is unconstitutional, since it imposes on the addressee an affirmative obligation which amounts to an unconstitutional limitation of his rights under the First Amendment.
The Court was unanimous in the judgment (8–0, with Justice White recused). Justice Brennan wrote a concurring opinion (which Justice Goldberg joined) and Justice Harlan also wrote a concurring opinion.
# Kappa-dera

Kappa-dera (かっぱ寺), officially known as Sōgen Temple (曹源寺, "Sōgen-ji"), is a Sōtō Zen Buddhist temple in the Kappabashi area of Tokyo. It is named after the kappa, a Japanese folklore figure, and Kappa (合羽), a vendor in the retail corridor.

## History

The temple was founded as a Sōtō Zen temple first built in the Marunouchi area of Tokyo in 1588. It changed location several times, moving to Yushima Tenman-gū because of the Edo Castle expansion in 1591. Finally in 1657 the Great fire of Meireki burned down most of the temple and it was moved to the current area in Matsugaya. Historically, this area near Asakusa was prone to frequent flooding due to its proximity to the Sumida River, which would overflow its banks from Edo Bay. In the 1800s, a local umbrella and raincoat merchant named Kihachi Kappaya started an effort to create a system to reduce the amount of destructive flooding in the area. He invested his own capital to create embankments and a pedestrian bridge.
There are several folktales about the building of this flood reduction setup that included controlled canal water drainage and bridge systems. Many tales describe Kihachi receiving assistance to complete this project from a kappa, the Japanese folklore figure. Other tales speak of impoverished samurai who would sell kappa raincoats near the bridge and that soldiers would hang their raincoats to dry near the bridge. It is on the site of the bridge in these tales that the current temple is said to be built. When Kihachi Kappaya died in 1814 he was buried at the temple, at this point also known as Kappaya Kawataro, another name for kappas and a joke meaning "kappa-selling kappa".

## Modern

In modern times, the temple is mostly known by its nickname, Kappa-dera, in relation to its location in Kappabashi, where the name trace its origins to both the name of a raincoat merchant (ja:合羽) and the kappa folklore. The temple contains what is described as a mummified hand of a kappa. The ceiling of the hall is decorated with illustrations by artists such as Osamu Tezuka.
Kappa statues and depictions in a variety of forms surround the neighborhood and shopping district near the temple. This area is known as Kappabashi and celebrates the kappa which they have made their mascot. The temple grounds are open daily to tourists, although the building is not open to the public. Cucumber offerings are often made to the kappas at the shrine, both to appease them and for businesses related to water.

## Gallery

* Plaque describing folklore
* Kappa statues
* Kappa shrine at the temple
* Garden with Kihachi Kappaya grave
* Buddha statue
* Cucumber offering
# Athletics at the 1991 Summer Universiade – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw event at the 1991 Summer Universiade was held at the Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield on 20 July 1991.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Ken Flax United States | Valeriy Gubkin Soviet Union | Heinz Weis Germany |

## Results
### Qualification

Qualification distance: 65.00 metres
| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| 1 | Aleksandr Seleznyov | Soviet Union | 75.00 | Q |
| 2 | Valeriy Gubkin | Soviet Union | 71.72 | Q |
| 3 | Bi Zhong | China | 70.52 | Q |
| 4 | Christophe Épalle | France | 69.58 | Q |
| 5 | Heinz Weis | Germany | 69.30 | Q |
| 6 | Jörn Hübner | Germany | 67.64 | Q |
| 7 | Sean Carlin | Australia | 66.24 | Q |
| 8 | Alex Marfull | Spain | 65.98 | Q |
| 9 | Ken Flax | United States | 65.86 | Q |
| 10 | Nicola Sundas | Italy | 65.66 | Q |
| 11 | Juha Paasonen | Finland | 65.44 | Q |
| 12 | Mika Laaksonen | Finland | 65.42 | Q |
| 13 | Shane Peacock | Great Britain | 65.16 | Q |
| 14 | Olivier Sack | Switzerland | 65.04 | Q |
| 15 | Antón María Godall | Spain | 64.60 | |
| 16 | Nicolas Rougetet | France | 64.58 | |
| 17 | Zsolt Németh | Hungary | 63.96 | |
| 18 | Michael Morales | United States | 62.72 | |
| 19 | Anders Halvorsen | Norway | 60.38 | |
| 20 | Chris Rowe | Great Britain | 59.96 | |
| 21 | Nikos Anastasiades | Cyprus | 57.24 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result |
| | Ken Flax | United States | 70.82 | 74.04 | 75.94 | 73.86 | 75.20 | 76.46 | 76.46 |
| | Valeriy Gubkin | Soviet Union | 74.46 | x | 74.68 | x | 76.28 | x | 76.28 |
| | Heinz Weis | Germany | | | | | | | 75.62 |
| 4 | Aleksandr Seleznyov | Soviet Union | | | | | | | 75.62 |
| 5 | Christophe Épalle | France | | | | | | | 73.52 |
| 6 | Bi Zhong | China | | | | | | | 73.14 |
| 7 | Jörn Hübner | Germany | | | | | | | 70.72 |
| 8 | Nicola Sundas | Italy | | | | | | | 69.40 |
| 9 | Juha Paasonen | Finland | | | | | | | 66.92 |
| 10 | Mika Laaksonen | Finland | | | | | | | 66.88 |
| 11 | Sean Carlin | Australia | | | | | | | 66.54 |
| 12 | Olivier Sack | Switzerland | | | | | | | 65.84 |
| 13 | Alex Marfull | Spain | | | | | | | 65.44 |
| 14 | Shane Peacock | Great Britain | 63.88 | x | x | | | | 63.88 |
# Rock Lake Mountain

Rock Lake Mountain is a summit located in the Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Town of Benson west-northwest of the hamlet of Upper Benson.
# Frank Daniel Gerber

Frank Daniel Gerber (July 12, 1873 - October 7, 1952) was an American manufacturer of baby food.

## Early life

Gerber was born in the town of Douglas in Allegan County, Michigan, in 1873. He graduated from Fremont High School of Western Michigan in 1887. He attended Valparaiso Normal School in Valparaiso, Indiana, for one year, to learn to become a teacher.
Gerber’s father owned a tannery and Gerber joined his father’s firm when he was sixteen. Gerber became a partner of the firm within five years and managed it until it closed in 1905.

## Career

Gerber founded Fremont Canning Company in 1901 with his father to market local produce for the farmers. They canned peas, beans, and fruits on a seasonal basis. This company was the basis of the baby food industry.
Gerber became president of Fremont Canning Company in 1917 when his father died. His first year as president of the firm, Gerber had sales that exceeded one million dollars. Gerber expanded the facilities for year-round production in 1914-1915. Gerber's son Daniel joined the canning company in 1920 and became assistant general manager in 1926.
Gerber had a sickly granddaughter named Sally, born in 1927. Her mother Dorothy (Daniel's wife) would strain fruits and vegetables for her by hand as a pediatrician had recommended. After getting tired of this, she suggested to her husband Daniel that if his company could make tomato puree, perhaps they could make strained peas.
Daniel then suggested to his father that they should look into making baby food. Gerber experimented with test batches of strained baby food on baby Sally and other babies in the summer of 1927. Gerber also researched marketing possibilities.
Gerber began selling baby food through the canning company in 1928, using the "Gerber Baby" as their logo symbol. The baby food was sold at fifteen cents each, much less than similar foods which were purchased through drug stores for forty to sixty cents.
Some twelve years later the baby food line was outselling the adult canned food products. The name was changed to Gerber Products Company in 1941, and in 1943 Gerber stopped making canned foods for adults.

## Later life

Gerber died in 1952 and the firm was taken over by his son, Daniel Frank Gerber.
# Toshima Karki

Dr. Toshima Karki (Nepali: डा. तोसिमा कार्की) is a Nepali politician, a surgeon by profession and member of Rastriya Swatantra Party. Karki is a former Minister of State for Health Ministry of Nepal.
She was elected to the House of Representatives in 2022 from Lalitpur 3.

## Early life and education

Toshima Karki was born in Nawalparasi district. She pursued an MBBS degree from KIST College and General Surgery from Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences.

## Professional and political career

She served as a lecturer in surgery at the Patan Academy of Health Sciences before filing her candidacy for the House of Representatives from Lalitpur 3. She was also an elected member of the executive committee at Nepal Medical Council (NMC) until she resigned from the post on 4 December 2022, following her electoral win. Her candidacy was initially rejected by the Election Commission of Nepal, citing her NMC member post as a position of profit. She filed a writ petition at the Supreme Court which upheld her candidacy.

## Electoral history

In the 2022 Nepalese general election, she was elected from the Lalitpur 3 constituency.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Toshima Karki | Rastriya Swatantra Party | 31,136 | 53.55 |
| | Amrit Khadka | CPN (UML) | 12,963 | 22.29 |
| | Pampha Bhusal | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 8,769 | 15.08 |
| | Niranjan Thapa | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 2,130 | 3.66 |
| | Rajaram Tandukar | Hamro Nepali Party | 1,554 | 2.67 |
| | Others | | 1,593 | 2.74 |
| Total | Total | Total | 58,145 | 100.00 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 18,173 | |
| | Rastriya Swatantra Party gain | Rastriya Swatantra Party gain | Rastriya Swatantra Party gain | Rastriya Swatantra Party gain |
| Source: |||||
# Charles Champagne (Deux-Montagnes MLA)

Charles Laplante dit Champagne (French pronunciation:; October 16, 1838 – December 22, 1907) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Quebec. He represented Deux-Montagnes in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1876 to 1882 as a Conservative. His name also appears as Charles Champagne.
He was born in Saint-Eustache, Lower Canada, the son of Charles Laplante dit Champagne and Christine Andrave. He was educated at the Séminaire de Sainte-Thérèse-de-Blainville and worked on the family farm, going on to study law with Gédéon Ouimet and Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau. In 1860, he married Aglaé Éthier. He was admitted to the Lower Canada bar in 1865. Champagne was first elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1876 by-election held after Gédéon Ouimet resigned his seat. He resigned his seat in 1882 and ran unsuccessfully for reelection later that year. Champagne was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for Mille-Isles division in 1883 and served until 1888, when he was named a magistrate for Montreal district. In 1887, he was named Queen's Counsel. He was named a judge for the circuit court in Montreal district in 1893. Champagne died in Montreal at the age of 69 and was buried in Saint-Eustache.
His son Louis-Napoléon served in the Canadian House of Commons. His cousin Hector Champagne also served in the Quebec assembly and as a legislative councillor.
His daughter Eugénie married Edgar-Rodolphe-Eugène Chevrier.
# Aleksa Pejić

Aleksa Pejić (Serbian Cyrillic: Алекса Пејић; born 9 July 1999) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for TSC.

## Club career

Pejić joined Rapid Wien in Austria in June 2022.
On 9 February 2024, Pejić signed with TSC.
# Zalužice

Zalužice (Hungarian: Zalacska) is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1249.

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 127 metres and covers an area of 19.611 km$^2$. The municipality has a population of about 1140 people.

## Gallery

* Entering the village of Zalužice
* Greek Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity in Zalužice
* Main street in Zalužice
* Municipal office in Zalužice
* Post office in Zalužice
* Sunset over the Zemplínska Šírava reservoir's shoreline near Zalužice during autumn (November 2007)
* The southern shore of Zemplínska Šírava reservoir near Zalužice during winter (January 2012)
# Rock Mountain (Georgia)

Rock Mountain is a name used to describe three different mountains located in the North Georgia mountains that are in two different Georgia counties.

## Floyd County

* Rock Mountain is a 1,420-foot (430 m) mountain located west of Armuchee, Georgia. It was named for its rocky peak. It is the location of the Rocky Mountain Project and the Rocky Mountain Hydroelectric Plant.

## Rabun County

* A 3,680-foot (1,120 m) mountain called Rock Mountain is located on the eastern Continental Divide in northeast Rabun County not far from the highest point in the county, Rabun Bald.
* Rock Mountain, elevation 2,824 feet (861 m), is located on the west bank of the Tallulah River near its confluence with the Coleman River.
# Asim Abdulrahman

Asim Abdulrahman is an Egyptian Islamist militant. The son of Omar Abdur Rahman, he has been described as "among the closest" of Osama bin Laden's followers in the days following the September 11th attacks in 2001.
Under the kunya Abu Asim, Abdulrahman was believed to have led an Egyptian militant group that allied itself with the World Islamic Front as of 1998.
In early November 2001, the Taliban government announced they were bestowing Afghan citizenship on him, as well as bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Saif al-Adel and Mohammed Atef.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Sued Deutsche, In der Trutzburg des sanften Scheichs, September 23, 2001
* ↑ Raman, B. South Asia Analysis Group, US bombing of terrorist camps in Afghanistan, November 1998.
* ↑ The Hindul, "Taliban grants Osama citizenship", November 9, 2001
* This Egyptian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Omoruyi Murphy Osaro

Omoruyi Murphy Osaro is a Nigerian politician. He currently serves as the Federal Representative representing Egor/Ikpoba Okpa constituency of Edo state in the 10th National Assembly.