OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hubert Bradford Vickery

Hubert Bradford Vickery (28 February 1893 – 27 September 1978) was a Canadian-American plant biochemist who conducted early experiments to determine the amino acid compositions of proteins. While serving as editor of the Journal of Biological Chemistry he standardized the use of the D (dextro) and L (laevo) prefixes to indicate optical isomerism in amino acids which was later incorporated into the IUPAC standard.

## Biography

Vickery was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, the second son of Mary Katherine Dudman and Edgar Jenkins Vickery. His father, a bookshop owner, gifted him the book Fourteen weeks in chemistry by J. Dorman Steele for Christmas at the age of twelve which initiated a lifelong interest in chemistry. He then went to Dalhousie University, graduated with honours in chemistry, and taught at a high school in Halifax. This ended in December 1917 when a nearby ship exploded and damaged the school. Vickery then worked at the Imperial Oil Company as an analytical chemist. He received an MS in 1920 and then went to study organic chemistry at Yale University under Thomas B. Osborne. He studied the hydrolysis of gliadin for his PhD in 1922 and then worked at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven. Here his work was mainly on plant biochemistry, with work on alfalfa vitamins but this led to a study of alfalfa proteins. He then began to examine the amino acid composition of proteins and went on to examine those of haemoglobin. He examined the metabolism of tobacco plants. Another major contribution was the standardization of amino acid names under the IUPAC and representations of asymmetric carbons using the prefixes d and l. He also examined the history of protein and amino acid chemistry. He published an autobiographical review of his work as a plant biochemist in 1972.
During World War II he worked with Edwin J. Cohn at Harvard and was invited in 1946 to witness the Bikini atoll atomic bomb test. Vickery taught protein chemistry at Yale University until his retirement in 1963.
# Wola Łobudzka

Wola Łobudzka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szadek, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Szadek, 18 km (11 mi) north of Zduńska Wola, and 29 km (18 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Wola Łokotowa

Wola Łokotowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Jeżów, 16 km (10 mi) east of Brzeziny, and 35 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Wołodrza

Wołodrza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Ostrowy, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Kutno and 59 km (37 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
The village has an approximate population of 150.
# Transit Film

Transit Film GmbH is a German film licensing company located in Munich. The company licenses film documents held by the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv), as well as its own filmstock.

## History

Transit Film was founded on January 18, 1966 as a federally owned GmbH. For decades, Transit Film has been licensing film documents held by the German Federal Archives. Transit Film also acted as a trustee for the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Foundation/Wiesbaden until the end of 2014.

## German Federal Archives Film Collections

Transit Film is exclusively appointed to manage the worldwide commercial exploitation of films belonging to the German Federal Archives. For decades, Transit Film has been dealing with material from the beginnings of film making up to the end of World War II in 1945. This film stock consists of silent and sound newsreels and documentary films.
Since 1.1.2014 Transit Film has also been appointed to make accessible and to exploit commercially German Federal Archives newsreels and documentaries from 1945 onwards. An internet platform with digitised films has been established in cooperation with the German Federal Archives. The internet platform allows the user to view, research and order historical footage and serves Film, TV and Press professionals and the public.

## Films owned by Transit Film

Transit Film also exploits its own film catalogue consisting of German feature films. Amongst those are classics such as Cat and Mouse (1967), The Bread of Those Early Years (1962) and Genosse Münchhausen [de] (1962).
# Comet Boattini

Comet Boattini can refer to any comets discovered by the astronomer Andrea Boattini:

## Periodic comets
### Jupiter-family comets

* 340P/Boattini
* 387P/Boattini
* 398P/Boattini
* P/2009 B1 (Boattini)
* P/2010 U1 (Boattini)
* P/2011 V1 (Boattini)
* P/2011 Y2 (Boattini)

### Halley-type comets

* P/2008 O3 (Boattini)
* C/2011 Y3 (Boattini)

## Non-periodic comets

* C/2008 J1 (Boattini)
* C/2009 W2 (Boattini)
* C/2010 F1 (Boattini)
* C/2010 G1 (Boattini)
* C/2010 J1 (Boattini)

## Hyperbolic comets

* C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
* C/2008 S3 (Boattini)
* C/2009 P2 (Boattini)
* C/2010 U3 (Boattini), the hyperbolic comet with the longest known observation arc
* C/2011 L6 (Boattini)
* C/2013 F1 (Boattini)
* C/2013 H2 (Boattini)
* C/2013 J5 (Boattini)
* C/2013 V1 (Boattini)

## Others

"Comet Boattini" may also be an incomplete reference to a comet co-discovered with Andrea Boattini. These include:
* 206P/Barnard–Boattini, a previously lost comet rediscovered in 2008
* P/2011 JB$_{15}$ (Spacewatch–Boattini)
# Ballipadar

Ballipadar is a village under Buguda block of Ganjam district located in Odisha, India. It is also a "Grama Panchayat", consisting of 3 villages: Balipadar, Sadasiba Pur Sasan and Sana Balipadar. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 5417 in 1166 households.
It should not be confused with Balipadar in the Badagada subdistrict or Balipadar in the Brahmapur Sadar subdistrict.
Jogigumpha, situated at the south-west of Balipdar, is famous for the Bhanj dynasty workshop of Silpi Jogi Maharana. Jogi Maharana belongs to Soma Vansa Bhardwaj Gotra. He made a wooden doll named Kalabati that looked like a beautiful living girl.
# Moss Lake Bog

Moss Lake Bog is an 84-acre (34 ha) site containing a 15-acre (6.1 ha) glacial kettle lake located in the town of Caneadea, New York, outside Houghton. Over time, sphagnum moss has grown over the open water, turning it into an acidic bog. It is managed by The Nature Conservancy as part of Moss Lake Preserve, and was declared a National Natural Landmark in 1973.

## Visiting

Moss Lake Bog is open to the public daily. There is a trail which circles the lake and a boardwalk which lets you cross safely through the moss. Several types of carnivorous plants and over 75 species of birds have been sighted.
# Willamette, Oregon

The town of Willamette, Oregon was incorporated on October 5, 1908, and is located directly West across the Willamette River from Oregon City, Oregon and upstream from the Willamette Falls.
The area was first called Willamette Falls, but later shortened to Willamette. The first mayor of Willamette was James Downey. The town consisted of approximately 300 residents. The main business within the town limits was the Capen Shoe Company Factory, located at 7th Avenue (now known as Willamette Falls Drive) and 12th Street. Each residence had electricity, running water and a sewage disposal system. Willamette had its own electric trolley service from the Main Street into town to the Willamette Falls Railroad station located at the bridge to Oregon City. Some residents used the trolley service to travel to work at the paper mills on the west side of the Willamette River and in Oregon City.

## Typhoid outbreak

In 1910 and 1911, the town of Willamette was struck by a typhoid fever outbreak, first believed to be caused by the spring floods of the Willamette River which poisoned the town well at the bottom of 12th Street. Newspaper reports of the time, state that 10% of the town (35 people) were stricken with typhoid fever and at least one died. The source of the second outbreak was in question since the well had tested clean by state health officials.

## Paperwork anomaly

In 1912, the former mayor James Downey, sued the town of Willamette when a property was enforced. Downey claimed that Willamette had not filed the proper paperwork of incorporation according to Oregon law and therefore was unable to collect a tax. A judge agreed since county officials had never verified the 1908 vote of incorporation. A new vote was held in 1913, and the proper paperwork was filed.

## Annexation

In 1913, the town of Willamette made two unsuccessful attempts to annex its neighboring communities to the north, Sunset, Windsor, West Oregon City, and Bolton. In August 1913, these communities then merged to form the current city of West Linn.
In 1917, the much larger neighbor, West Linn, annexed Willamette into its boundary allowing Willamette access to West Linn's clean water from the nearby Clackamas River, secured through an arrangement with Oregon City.
The original area of Willamette was designated as a National Register Historic District in 2009, under the name of "Willamette Falls." The area encompasses the local historic district of Willamette, established by West Linn in the 1970s.
# Mastaura (Lycia)

Mastaura (Ancient Greek: Μάσταυρα) was a town in ancient Lycia.
It may have been located at present-day Dereağzı, some 25 km northwest of Myra, which is therefore not to be confused with Dereağzı, Nazilli or Dereağzı, İncirliova.
Dereağzı had a large domed church made of brick, which may have been the cathedral of Mastaura.

## Bishopric

The bishopric of Mastaura in Lycia is mentioned in Notitiae Episcopatuum of the 7th and 10th centuries as having first rank among the suffragans of the metropolitan see of Myra.
No bishop of the see is mentioned by name in extant documents, unless Baanes, who was at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879) was bishop not of Mastaura in Asia but of Mastaura in Lycia.
No longer a residential bishopric, Mastaura in Lycia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
# Jyotsna Chandola

Jyotsna Chandola is an Indian television and film actress known for playing Khushi Bharadwaj in Colors TV's Sasural Simar Ka.

## Television

| Year | Show | Role |
| 2009-2011 | Kasak | Shilpa |
| 2010 | Bhagonwali-Baante Apni Taqdeer | Maha Devi Pandey |
| 2012 | Mrs. Kaushik Ki Paanch Bahuein | Anamika |
| 2012-2017 | Sasural Simar Ka | Khushi Sankalp Bharadwaj / Billo Rani |
| 2014 | Savdhaan India | |
| 2014 | Crime Patrol | |
| 2015 | Jodha Akbar | Maan Bai |
| 2016 | Santoshi Maa | Bitto |
| 2017 | Agnifera | Rajjo |
| 2018-2019 | Muskaan | Sapna |
| 2022- 2023 | Sindoor Ki Keemat | Anamika/Priya |
| 2023 | Baazi Ishq Ki | Palak Agnivanshi / Niharika Mishra |
| 2024-present | Kumkum Bhagya | Panchi "Khushi" Kohli Randhawa |
# Kim Ji-soo

Kim Ji-soo may refer to:
* Kim Ji-soo (actress, born 1972), South Korean actress
* Kim Ji-soo (baseball) (born 1986), South Korean baseball player
* Kim Ji-soo (singer, born 1990), South Korean singer
* Ji Soo (Kim Ji-soo, born 1993), South Korean actor
* Kim Ji-soo (skeleton racer) (born 1994), South Korean skeleton racer
* Jisoo (Kim Ji-soo, born 1995), South Korean singer and actress, member of girl group Blackpink
* Kim Ji-su (judoka) (born 2000), South Korean judoka
* Kim Ji-soo (footballer) (born 2004), South Korean footballer
# Lumen second

In photometry, the lumen second (lm⋅s) is the unit of luminous energy in the International System of Units (SI). It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time.
The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). This name was coined in 1937 by the Committee on Colorimetry, Optical Society of America, in honor of the early photographer William Fox Talbot. The talbot is exactly equal to the lumen second:
    1 T = 1 lm⋅s
The use of the symbol T for talbots conflicts with T as the symbol for the tesla, the SI unit of magnetic flux density.
The photometric unit lumerg or lumberg, proposed by the Committee on Colorimetry in 1937, correlates with the old CGS unit erg in the same way that the lumen second correlates with the radiometric unit joule, so that 10$^7$ lumerg = 1 lm⋅s.
SI photometry quantitiesvte :
| Quantity | Quantity | Unit | Unit | Dimension | Notes |
| Name | Symbol | Name | Symbol | Dimension | Notes |
| Luminous energy | Q$_v$ | lumen second | lm⋅s | T⋅J | The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot. |
| Luminous flux, luminous power | Φ$_v$ | lumen (= candela steradian) | lm (= cd⋅sr) | J | Luminous energy per unit time |
| Luminous intensity | I$_v$ | candela (= lumen per steradian) | cd (= lm/sr) | J | Luminous flux per unit solid angle |
| Luminance | L$_v$ | candela per square metre | cd/m$^2$ (= lm/(sr⋅m$^2$)) | L$^{−2}$⋅J | Luminous flux per unit solid angle per unit projected source area. The candela per square metre is sometimes called the nit. |
| Illuminance | E$_v$ | lux (= lumen per square metre) | lx (= lm/m$^2$) | L$^{−2}$⋅J | Luminous flux incident on a surface |
| Luminous exitance, luminous emittance | M$_v$ | lumen per square metre | lm/m$^2$ | L$^{−2}$⋅J | Luminous flux emitted from a surface |
| Luminous exposure | H$_v$ | lux second | lx⋅s | L$^{−2}$⋅T⋅J | Time-integrated illuminance |
| Luminous energy density | ω$_v$ | lumen second per cubic metre | lm⋅s/m$^3$ | L$^{−3}$⋅T⋅J | |
| Luminous efficacy (of radiation) | K | lumen per watt | lm/W | M$^{−1}$⋅L$^{−2}$⋅T$^3$⋅J | Ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux |
| Luminous efficacy (of a source) | η | lumen per watt | lm/W | M$^{−1}$⋅L$^{−2}$⋅T$^3$⋅J | Ratio of luminous flux to power consumption |
| Luminous efficiency, luminous coefficient | V | | | 1 | Luminous efficacy normalized by the maximum possible efficacy |
| See also: SIPhotometryRadiometry ||||||
* ↑ The symbols in this column denote dimensions; "L", "T" and "J" are for length, time and luminous intensity respectively, not the symbols for the units litre, tesla and joule.
* ↑ Standards organizations recommend that photometric quantities be denoted with a subscript "v" (for "visual") to avoid confusion with radiometric or photon quantities. For example: USA Standard Letter Symbols for Illuminating Engineering USAS Z7.1-1967, Y10.18-1967
* 1 2 3 Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W for luminous energy, P or F for luminous flux, and ρ for luminous efficacy of a source.
# F1 grenade (France)

The F-1 grenade is a hand grenade mass-produced by France during and after WW1, used en masse in the majority of European countries throughout the First and Second World Wars.

## Overview

The F-1 grenade was first put into mass production by the French State in 1915 during the First World War. In May 1915 the first of the F1 grenades (fusante No. 1) appeared in the French military, in limited quantities. This new weapon inherited from the experience of the first months of the war: the shape was made to be more modern, with an external grooves pattern for better grip and easier fragmentation. The second expectation proved deceptive, since the explosion in practice gave no more than 10 fragments (although the pattern was designed to split into all the 38 drawn divisions). The design was proved to be very functional, especially due to its stability compared to other grenades of the same period. Later, the Fusante No. 1 was used en masse by many foreign armies in the period 1915–1940. The F-1 grenade has been used as a basis for the development of many other grenades by different nations, including the US and the Soviet Union.
The F-1 was very widespread during the first half of the 20th century, used by armies of France, United States, Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union, Finland, and others. Overall more than sixty million of these grenades were produced over 25 years, from 1915 to 1940.

## Development

Originally, the F1 was designed to use a lighter-based ignition system, but later it began using a percussion cap fuse. Designs such as the M1916 and M1917 Billant fuses turned the F1 into a time-fused grenade, which was the grenade's final ignition system. By World War II, the F1 used the M1935 fuse, which is a time-based fuse, but it differs from the M1916 Billant fuse internally. The F-1 in its original design was withdrawn from French military service in 1946. The altered models of the grenade remain in military service in countries around the world, among others in the Russian F1 Grenade and American Mk 2 grenade.

## United States

The French F-1 grenade with the M1916 Billant fuse was the preferred grenade of the U.S. Army during World War I.

## Russian Civil War

During the Russian Civil War, the F1 was both given to the White Movement forces by France and seized en masse by the Bolshevik regime, resulting in a very widespread use of the grenade. After the civil war, the Soviet artillery command decided to modify the French F-1 into the Russian F1 grenade design. In Soviet folklore and colloquial speech, the grenade became a national icon of social upheaval and revolution, although not referred to as the F-1 but rather as "limonka" ([lı'mɒnkə]), 'little lemon', due to its very wide usage during the civil war and the chaotic period of the early 1920s. The origins of the Russian limonka are ambiguous and remain a subject of historical debate, with one side presenting the case that the grenade was named after its shape and familiarity to the British No. 16 lemon grenade and another suggesting that the grenade was named after its French designer, Leman.
# Hugh Wolff

Hugh MacPherson Wolff (born October 21, 1953, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) is an American conductor. He was chief conductor of the Frankfurt Radio Symphony.

## Biography

Born in France while his father was serving in the U.S. Foreign Service, Wolff spent his primary-school years in London. He received his higher education at Harvard and Peabody Conservatory. Between Harvard and Peabody, he spent a year in Paris where he studied composition with Olivier Messiaen and conducting with Charles Bruck. At Peabody, he studied piano with Leon Fleisher.
Wolff began his career in 1979 as assistant conductor to Mstislav Rostropovich at the National Symphony Orchestra, in Washington, D.C. In June 1985, he was the first winner of the Seaver/National Endowment for the Arts Conductors Award. He was music director of the Northeastern Pennsylvania Philharmonic from 1981 to 1986. Wolff then served as music director of the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra from 1986 to 1993. From 1988 until 1992, Wolff was principal conductor of the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra and then served as its music director from 1992 to 2000. He was principal conductor of the Grant Park Music Festival from 1994 until 1997. In 1998, Wolff led the American Russian Young Artists Orchestra on their world tour.
In Europe, Wolff was chief conductor of the Frankfurt Radio Symphony from 1997 to 2006. In September 2017, he became chief conductor of the Belgian National Orchestra. He is scheduled to stand down as chief conductor of the Belgian National Orchestra at the end of the 2021–2022 season, and subsequently to take the title of dirigent emeritus (conductor emeritus) for two seasons.
Wolff has recorded extensively for Teldec, Sony and others, has been nominated three times for a Grammy and has twice won the Cannes Classical Award. His discography includes the complete Beethoven symphonies with the Frankfurt Radio Orchestra. As a conductor he has accompanied recordings by Rostropovich, Yo-Yo Ma, Joshua Bell, Hilary Hahn, Jean-Yves Thibaudet, Dawn Upshaw, Thomas Hampson, Jennifer Larmore, and jazz guitarist John Scofield. Wolff is director of orchestras and teaches orchestral conducting at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts.
Wolff lives in Boston with his wife, the harpist and author Judith Kogan. They have three sons.
# Methuselah (disambiguation)

Methuselah, a Biblical figure, was known for living a long time.
Methuselah may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Fictional characters and creatures

* Methuselah (Redwall), a character in the Redwall novels by Brian Jacques
* Methuselah (Trinity Blood), a fictional offshoot of humanity that appear in the anime Trinity Blood
* Methuselah (World of Darkness), a vampire at least a millennium old in White Wolf's novels, RPGs and playable cards
* Methuselah, the nickname of Rain Jewlitt, a 624-year-old character in the Immortal Rain manga
* Methuselah, the Price family's pet parrot in Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible
* Methuselah, a Titan from the MonsterVerse film Godzilla: King of the Monsters

### Music

* Methuselah (band), an English 1960s rock band
* Methuselah (album), a 1969 rock album by Methuselah
* Methuselah, the sixth track on San Fermin's 2013 album San Fermin

## Science and technology

* Methuselah (cellular automaton), a long-surviving pattern in Conway's Game of Life
* Methuselah-like proteins, insect proteins that extend the life span of the animal
* Methuselah (planet), nickname for PSR B1620-26 b, one of the oldest exoplanets
* Methuselah star, nickname for HD 140283, one of the oldest stars known
* The Methuselah Foundation, a biomedical charitable organization dedicated to extending healthy life

## Long-lived organisms

* Methuselah (lungfish), the oldest living fish in captivity
* Methuselah (Judean date palm), a palm tree grown from a 2000-year-old seed at Ketura, Israel
* Methuselah (pine tree), the second oldest known Great Basin bristlecone pine tree in the White Mountains of California, the second oldest known living tree
* Methuselah (sequoia tree), the 27th largest tree in the world, in Sequoia National Forest, California

## Other uses

* Methuselah (bond), a financial instrument with a 50-year maturity
* Methuselah (unit), a UK bottle size for wine
# William Clapp House

The William Clapp House (1806) is a historic house located at 195 Boston Street, Dorchester, Massachusetts. It is the headquarters of the Dorchester Historical Society and contains many items from the society's collections, including 19th century furnishings and local historical items. It is one of two Clapp Houses owned by the society that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The house was built in 1806 for the marriage of William Clapp (March 3, 1779 - February 29, 1860), son of Capt. Lemuel and Rebecca (Dexter) Clap who built the nearby Captain Lemuel Clap House. The younger Clapp followed his father's business with the largest tannery in Dorchester.
Later in life, Clapp devoted his time to his farm and the development of many varieties of pears. The most notable was Clapp's Favorite, developed in 1820 and marketed by 1860. It remains in wide commercial use today.