# List of names in A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists

Joseph McCabe published A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists in 1920 (London: Watts & Co.). Most (though not all) of those listed were also included in A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Freethinkers (1945)
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

* Firmin Abauzit
* Ernst Abbe
* Francis Ellingwood Abbot
* George Frederick Abbott
* Leonard Dalton Abbott
* Edmond About
* Thomas Achelis or Thomas Ludwig Bernhard Achelis ( mentioned in de:Thomas Otto Achelis, his son)
* ACKERMANN, Louise V.
* ACOLLAS, Professor E.
* ACOSTA, Uriel
* ADAM, Professor Charles, D. es L.
* ADAMS, Charles Francis
* ADAMS, Francis W. L.
* ADAMS, John, President of the United States
* ADAMS, Robert
* ADAMSON, Professor Robert, Ph.D.
* ADCOCK, A. St. John
* ADICKES, Professor E., Ph.D.
* ADLER, Professor Felix, Ph.D.
* AHRENS, Professor Heinrich, Ph.D.
* AIKENHEAD, Thomas
* AIRY, Sir George B., K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.
* AITZEMA, Lieuwe van
* ALBEE, John
* ALCOTT, Amos Bronson
* ALEMBERT, Jean le Rond d'
* ALFIERI, Count V.
* ALGAROTTI, Count F.
* Thomas Clifford Allbutt
* ALLEN, Grant, B.A.
* ALLEN, Colonel Ethan
* ALLEN, John. M.D.
* ALLINGHAM, William
* ALLMAN, Professor G. J., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.
* ALLSOP, Thomas
* ALTMEYER, Professor J. J., Ph.D., D.C.L.
* ALVIELLA, Count Goblet d'
* AMARI, Professor M.
* AMICIS, Edmondo de
* AMIEL, Henri F.
* ANDERSON, George

## B
### Ba

* François-Noël Babeuf
* Guido Baccelli
* Robert Bage
* Walter Bagehot
* Jens Immanuel Baggesen
* Julius Bahnsen
* Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
* Samuel Bailey
* George Baillie
* Alexander Bain
* Mikhail Bakunin
* James Mark Baldwin
* William Platt Ball
* John Ballance
* José Manuel Balmaceda
* Eduard Baltzer
* Honoré de Balzac
* François-Désiré Bancel ( see fr:François-Désiré Bancel)
* Hubert Howe Bancroft
* Giuseppe Baretti
* George Barlow
* Jane Barlow
* Joel Barlow
* Antoine Barnave
* J. Edmestone Barnes
* Jules Barni ( see fr:Jules Barni and hu:Jules Barni)
* François Odysse Barot
* Thomas Squire Barrett
* Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire
* Paul Joseph Barthez
* Hector Alexandre Bartoli ( see fr:Hector Alexandre Bartoli)
* Theodor Bartošek ( see cs:Theodor Bartošek)
* Giacomo Barzelotti
* Johann Bernhard Basedow
* Marie Bashkirtseff
* John Baskerville
* Adolf Bastian
* Henry Charlton Bastian
* Frédéric Bastiat
* Henry Walter Bates
* Angelo Battelli
* Cesare Battisti
* Charles Pierre Baudelaire
* Wolf Wilhelm Friedrich von Baudissin
* Henri Baudrillart
* Bruno Bauer
* Edgar Bauer
* Ernest Belfort Bax
* Pierre Bayle

### Be

* Charles Marsh Beadnell
* Louis de Beausobre
* August Bebel
* Cesare Beccaria
* Erich Becher ( see de:Erich Becher and sv:Erich Becher)
* Walter Frederick Becker
* Hubert Beckers
* William Thomas Beckford
* Thomas Beddoes
* Thomas Lovell Beddoes
* Edward Spencer Beesly
* Ludwig van Beethoven
* Elphinstone Waters Begbie
* Balthasar Bekker
* Thomas Evans Bell
* Gustave Belot
* Hedwig Bender ( see de:Hedwig Bender)
* Friedrich Eduard Beneke
* Alfred William Benn
* De Robigne Mortimer Bennett
* Arnold Bennett
* Jeremy Bentham
* Pierre-Jean de Béranger
* Henri Louis Bergson
* John Berkenhout
* Hector Berlioz
* Claude Bernard
* Henry Meyners Bernard
* Aaron Bernstein
* Eduard Bernstein
* Paul Bert
* Agostino Bertani
* Marcellin Berthelot
* Claude Louis Berthollet
* Domenico Berti ( see it:Domenico Berti and sv:Domenico Berti)
* Alphonse Bertillon
* Louis Bertillon
* George Berwick
* Walter Besant
* Matilda Betham-Edwards
* Richard Bethell
* Saverio Bettinelli
* Marie-Henri Beyle

### Bi

* Aurelio Bianchi-Giovini ( see it:Aurelio Bianchi-Giovini)
* Marie François Xavier Bichat
* Ambrose Bierce
* Alfred Binet
* Jean-Baptiste Biot
* William John Birch
* George Birkbeck
* Richard Bithell
* Georges Bizet
* Edwin August Björkmann
* Bjornstjerne Bjornson
* Grigorevich Blagosvetlov
* William Blake
* Louis Blanc
* Louis Auguste Blanqui
* Robert Blatchford
* Linley Blathwayt
* Karl Bleibtreu
* Ange François Blein ( see fr:Ange François Blein)
* Karl Blind
* Mathilde Blind
* Ivan Bloch
* Charles Blount (deist)
* Henry BLount
* Thomas Pope Blount
* Robert Blum

### Bo

* Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
* Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon
* Jean Bodin
* Wilhelm Boerner
* Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
* Nicolas Boindin ( see fr:Nicolas Boindin)
* Marie-Louis-Antoine-Gaston Boissier
* Arrigo Boito
* Johan Bojer
* Wilhelm Bolin ( see fi:Wilhelm Bolin and sv:Wilhelm Bolin)
* Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
* Simón Bolívar
* Wilhelm Bolsche
* Bernard Bolzano
* Jérôme Bonaparte
* Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
* Ruggero Bonghi
* Rosa Bonheur
* Filippo de Boni ( see it:Filippo De Boni)
* Charles Bonnet
* John Bonnycastle
* Charles Victor de Bonstetten
* James Bonwick
* James Booth (lawyer)
* Ignaz von Born
* Ludwig Börne
* George Borrow
* Bernard Bosanquet
* Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc
* Christopher Jacob Boström
* Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes
* Louis Antoine de Bougainville
* Célestin Charles Alfred Bouglé
* Francisque Bouillier
* Henri de Boulainvilliers
* Nicolas Antoine Boulanger
* Léon Bourgeois
* Désiré-Magloire Bourneville
* Émile Boutmy
* Émile Boutroux
* Giovanni Bovio
* Charles Bowen, Baron Bowen
* Charles Bowman (secularist)
* Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen

### Br

* Edward William Brabrook
* Charles Bradlaugh
* Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner
* Francis Herbert Bradley
* Hans Lien Brækstad ( see book translated? by him)
* Teófilo Braga
* Johannes Brahms
* George Bramwell
* Edvard Brandes
* Georg Brandes
* Louis Brandin
* Hjalmar Branting
* Lily Braun
* Wilhelm von Braun ( see sv:Wilhelm von Braun)
* Charles Bray
* Wilhelm Breitenbach
* Franz Brentano
* E. Cobham Brewer
* Henry Brewster (writer)
* Aristide Briand
* Horace J. Bridges
* John Henry Bridges
* Eugene Brieux
* Daniel Garrison Brinton
* Adolphe Brisson ( see fr:Adolphe Brisson)
* Eugène Henri Brisson
* Jacques Pierre Brissot
* Augusta Cooper Bristol
* Paul Broca
* Benjamin Collins Brodie
* Rupert Brooke
* Stopford Augustus Brooke
* William Brooksbank (writer)
* Charles de Brosses
* François-Joseph-Victor Broussais
* Arthur Brown (jurist)
* Ford Madox Brown
* George William Brown (reformer)
* John Armour Brown
* Titus L. Brown
* Walston Hill Brown
* William Montgomery Brown
* Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
* Thomas Browne
* William George Browne
* Robert Browning
* Giordano Bruno

### Bu

* Walter James Buchanan
* Robert Buchanan (Owenite)
* Robert Williams Buchanan
* Alexander Büchner
* Friedrich Büchner
* Henry Thomas Buckle
* Odón de Buen y del Cos
* Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
* Ferdinand Buisson
* Charles Buller
* Luther Burbank
* Jakob Burckhardt
* Karl Friedrich Burdach
* Francis Burdett
* William Burdon
* Thomas François Burgers
* Jean Lévesque de Burigny
* Thomas Burnet
* James Burnett, Lord Monboddo
* John Burnett
* Émile-Louis Burnouf
* Eugène Burnouf
* John Burns
* Robert Burns
* John Burroughs
* Thomas Burt
* John Hill Burton
* Richard Francis Burton
* J. B. Bury
* Samuel Butler, author of Hudibras
* Samuel Butler, novelist
* Vissarion Belinsky
* Lord Byron

## C
### Ca

* George-Paul-Sylvester Cabanis
* Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis
* William Ralph Hall Caine
* Wathen Mark Wilks Call
* Laureano Calderón y Arana ( see es:Laureano Calderón Arana)
* Salvador Calderón y Arana ( see es:Salvador Calderón y Arana)
* Charles Callaway
* Charles Stuart Calverley
* Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
* Thomas Campbell (poet)
* Giovanni Canestrini
* Stanislao Cannizzaro
* Tommaso Cannizzaro ( see it:Tommaso Cannizzaro)
* Carlo Cantoni ( see it:Carlo Cantoni)
* Emily Palmer Cape
* Giosuè Carducci
* Richard Carlile
* Henry Carlton (jurist)
* John Aitken Carlyle
* Thomas Carlyle
* Andrew Carnegie
* Bartolomäus von Carneri
* Lazare Hippolyte Carnot
* Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
* Marie François Sadi Carnot
* Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
* Elme Marie Caro
* Queen Caroline
* Edward Carpenter
* William Benjamin Carpenter
* Herbert Wildon Carr
* Jean-Louis Carra ( see fr:Jean-Louis Carra)
* Jean Baptiste Nicholas Armand Carrel
* Moritz Carrière
* Julius Victor Carus
* Karl Gustav Carus
* Paul Carus
* Giovanni Jacques de Seingalt Casanova
* Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier
* Otto Caspari ( see de:Otto Caspari)
* Walter Richard Cassels
* David Castelli
* Jean-Louis Castilhon
* Catherine the Great
* Carlo Cattaneo
* Giacomo Cattaneo
* Charles Cattell
* Éléonore-Louis Godefroi Cavaignac
* Felice Carlo Emmanuele Cavallotti
* Henry Cavendish
* Jean-Mamert Cayla see fr:Jean-Mamert Cayla)
* Émile-Honoré Cazelles ( see s:fr:Auteur:Émile Cazelles)

### Ce

* Joseph Antoine Joachim Cerutti
* Giovanni Alfredo Cesareo ( see it:Giovanni Alfredo Cesareo)
* Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour
* Thomas Chaloner (regicide)
* Basil Hall Chamberlain
* Daniel Henry Chamberlain
* Houston Stewart Chamberlain
* Ephraim Chambers
* Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802)
* Sebastien-Roch Nicolas Chamfort
* Adelbert von Chamisso
* Jean-François Champollion
* Francis Leggatt Chantrey
* John Chapman (publisher)
* Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal
* Victor Charbonnel ( but :fr:Victor Charbonnel has incoming links)
* Antoine Charma ( see fr:Antoine Charma)
* Pierre Charron
* François-Jean de Chastellux
* Gabrielle Émilie du Châtelet
* Thomas Chatterton
* Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
* Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chaussard
* Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
* André Marie Chénier
* Marie-Joseph Chénier
* Alice Chenoweth
* Charles Victor Cherbuliez
* Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini
* Ramón Chíes y Gómez de Riofranco
* Lydia Maria Francis Child
* William Chilton (printer)
* Percival Chubb
* Thomas Chubb
* Jules Arsène Arnaud Claretie
* Marcus Andrew Hislop Clarke
* Georges Eugène Benjamin Clemenceau
* Samuel Langhorne Clemens
* Martin Clifford
* William Kingdon Clifford
* Mrs. W. K. Clifford
* Henry Cline
* Edward Clodd
* Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce, baron de Cloots
* Arthur Hugh Clough
* Thomas Clouston

### Co

* Chapman Cohen
* Hermann Cohen
* Stanton Coit
* Henry John Coke
* John Duke Coleridge
* Jean Guillaume César Alexandre Hippolyte, baron de Colins ( see fr:Jean Hippolyte Colins de Ham)
* John Collier (painter)
* Christen Christian Dreyer Collin
* Anthony Collins
* John Churton Collins
* Lucy N. Colman
* Giovanni Battista Comazzi ( but we have lots of fleurons from his book. Cf. Henry Coventry (deist))
* Andrew Combe
* George Combe
* Émile Justin Louis Combes
* Thomas Common
* Domenico Comparetti
* Jules Gabriel Compayré
* François-Charles-Louis Comte
* Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte
* Étienne Bonnot de Mably de Condillac
* Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet
* Marie Louise Sophie Grouchy, Marquise of Condorcet
* Richard Congreve
* Joseph Conrad
* Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque
* Vasile Conta (Basil Conta)
* Hugh Conway
* Moncure Daniel Conway
* William Martin Conway
* Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare
* Keningale Robert Cook ( now only remembered as the husband of Mabel Collins)
* Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
* Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury
* John Gilbert Cooper
* Robert Cooper (Owenite)
* Thomas Cooper
* Edward Drinker Cope
* Henri Arthur Marie Cornette
* Otto Julius Bernhard von Corvin-Wiersbitzki
* Henry John Stedman Cotton
* Paul Louis Courier de Méré
* Leonard Henry Courtney
* William Leonard Courtney
* Victor Cousin
* Henry Coventry (deist) ( but we have lots of fleurons from his book. Cf. Giovanni Battista Comazzi )
* William Coward
* Joseph Cowen
* Johan Nikolai Cramer
* Christopher Pearse Cranch
* Walter Crane
* William Randal Cremer
* Vincenzo Crescini ( see it:Vincenzo Crescini)
* Benedetto Croce
* David Goodman Croly
* Henry Crompton
* Mary Ann Cross (George Eliot)
* John Beattie Crozier
* Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont
* Heinrich Czolbe

## D
### Da

* Étienne Noël Damilaville
* Jean Philibert Damiron
* Vincenzo Dandolo
* Agnes Mary Frances Darmesteter
* James Darmesteter
* Frances Darusmont
* Charles Darwin
* Erasmus Darwin
* Francis Darwin
* George Howard Darwin
* Leonard Darwin
* Alphonse Daudet
* Pierre Claude François Daunou
* Jacques-Louis David
* Caroline Augusta Rhys Davids
* Thomas William Rhys Davids
* John Davidson (poet)
* Thomas Davidson (philosopher)
* Charles Maurice Davies
* Helen Hamilton Gardner Day

### De

* Élie Louis Marie Marc Antoine Debidour ( see fr:Antonin Debidour)
* Lauro Adolfo De Bosis
* Claude Achille Debussy
* Charles-Theodore-Henri De Coster
* Saverio Fausto De Dominicis ( see it:Saverio Fausto De Dominicis)
* Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand
* Angelo de Gubernatis
* Edward Dowes Dekker (Multatuli)
* Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix
* Marie Yves Delage
* Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
* Jean-François Casimir Delavigne
* Joseph Rémi Léopold Delbœuf
* Étienne Marie Justin Victor Delbos
* Léon Delbos
* Théophile Delcassé
* Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle de Sales
* Alexandre Deleyre
* Augustus De Morgan
* Ève Demaillot
* James Steuart Denham
* Joseph Deniker
* Hector Denis
* William F. Denton
* César De Paepe
* Agathon Louis de Potter
* Louis Joseph Antoine de Potter
* Maria Deraismes
* Pasquale d'Ercole
* Francesco de Sanctis
* Léger Marie Deschamps
* Émile Auguste Étienne Martin Deschanel
* Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel
* Marius Deshumbert
* André-François Boureau-Deslandes
* Pierre Desmaizeaux
* Lucie Simplice Camille Benoît Desmoulins
* Gustave Le Brisoys Desnoiresterres ( see fr:Gustave Desnoiresterres
* Joseph Marie Dessaix
* Pierre-Joseph Destriveaux
* Antoine Louis Claude Destutt de Tracy
* Rowland Detrosier
* Konrad Deubler ( see de:Konrad Deubler)
* Willem Deurhoff
* Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch
* John Dewey
* Henry de Worms

### Di

* Porfirio Díaz
* Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson
* Auguste Dide ( see fr:Auguste Dide)
* Denis Diderot
* Gustav Diercks
* Joseph Dietzgen
* Ashton Wentworth Dilke
* Charles Wentworth Dilke
* Gustav Friedrich Dinter
* Johann Konrad Dippel
* Florence Caroline Dixie
* Bertram Dobell
* Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
* Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov
* Arnold Dodel-Port
* Henry Dodwell (deist) ( see s:Dodwell, Henry (d.1784) (DNB00))
* Horatio Bryan Donkin
* John Sholto Douglas
* Stephen Arnold Douglas
* Edward Dowden

### Dr

* Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud
* John William Draper
* Edmond Dresden
* Arthur Drews
* Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
* William James Charles Maria Drummond of Logiealmond
* Helene von Druskowitz
* Charles Robert Drysdale
* John Dryden (merchant)

### Du

* Julius Duboc
* Paul-François Dubois ( see fr:Paul-François Dubois)
* Emil du Bois-Reymond
* Pierre-Ulric Dubuisson
* Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux
* Charles Pinot Duclos
* Jean-François Ducos
* William Dudgeon (philosopher)
* Eugen Karl Dühring
* Édouard Dujardin
* Jacques-Antoine Dulaure ( see fr:Jacques-Antoine Dulaure)
* Henri Joseph Du Laurens
* Albert Friedrich Benno Dulk
* Alexandre Dumas, fils
* George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier
* Léon Dumont
* Pierre Étienne Louis Dumont
* David Duncan (educationist) ( see his most well known work)
* Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker
* Jacob Louis Dupont ( see fr:Jacques Louis Dupont)
* Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
* Charles-François Dupuis
* Émile Durkheim
* Jean Victor Duruy
* Théophile-Imarigeon Duvernet

## E

* Daniel Isaac Eaton
* Johann Augustus Eberhard
* Ernst Theodor Echtermeyer
* Johann Peter Eckermann
* Johann Christian Edelmann ( see de:Johann Christian Edelmann)
* Thomas Alva Edison
* Chilperic Edwards
* John Passmore Edwards
* Justus van Effen
* Johann Gottfried Eichhorn
* Rudolf Eisler
* Charles William Eliot
* George Eliot
* Pietro Ellero ( see it:Pietro Ellero)
* Hugh Samuel Roger Elliot
* John Elliotson
* Alfred Burdon Ellis
* Henry Havelock Ellis
* William Ellis
* Mountstuart Elphinstone
* Ralph Waldo Emerson
* William Emerson
* Robert Emmet
* Friedrich Engels
* George Bethune English
* George Ensor
* Johann Eduard Erdmann
* John Ericsson
* François-Louis d'Escherny ( see fr:François d'Escherny)
* Alfred Victor Espinas
* José de Espronceda
* Henri-François-Alphonse Esquiros
* George Henry Evans
* Mary Ann Evans (George Eliot)
* Antoine-François Ève
* Moses Jacob Ezekiel

## F

* Ferdinand Fabre
* Jean-Henri Fabre
* Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine
* Bruto Fabricatore ( see it:Bruto Fabricatore)
* Adolfo Faggi
* Auguste Émile Faguet
* Clement Armand Fallières
* Frederick John Fargus
* John Farquhar
* Hippolyte Fauche ( see fr:Hippolyte Fauche)
* Félix François Faure
* Sébastien Faure
* Edgar Fawcett
* Henry Fawcett
* Everard Fawkener
* Gustav Theodor Fechner
* Robert Fellowes
* Joseph Fels
* Giuseppe Ferrari
* Francisco Ferrer y Guardia
* Guglielmo Ferrero
* Enrico Ferri
* Luigi Ferri
* Jules François Camille Ferry
* Friedrich Heinrich Feuerbach
* Ludwig Feuerbach
* Johann Gottlieb Fichte
* Harold Patrick Fielding-Hall
* Estanislao Figueras y de Moragas
* Gaetano Filangieri
* Heinrich Finke ( see de:Heinrich Finke)
* Francesco Fiorentino
* Johann Georg Fischer
* Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer
* John Fiske
* Edward FitzGerald
* Nicolas Camille Flammarion
* "Flanor" (Carel Vosmaer)
* Gustave Flaubert
* Charles Thomas Floquet
* Gustave Flourens
* Marie Jean Pierre Flourens
* Benjamin Orange Flower
* Eliza Flower

### Fo

* Wilhelm Julius Foerster
* Albany Fonblanque
* Theodor Fontane
* Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
* George William Foote
* Friedrich Karl Forberg
* Auguste Forel
* James George Roche Forlong
* Karl Fortlage
* Niccolò Ugo Foscolo
* Alfred Jules Émile Fouillée
* Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
* François Marie Charles Fourier
* Charles James Fox
* Elizabeth Vassall Fox
* Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland
* Henry Richard Vassall-Fox
* William Johnson Fox
* Anatole France
* Adolphe Franck
* Nicolas-Louis François de Neufchâteau
* Edward Frankland
* Benjamin Franklin
* John Fransham
* Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt
* James George Frazer
* Frederick II of Prussia
* William Freke
* Ferdinand Freiligrath
* William Frend (reformer)
* Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban
* Nicolas Fréret
* Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet
* Gustav Freytag
* Jakob Friedrich Fries
* Friedrich Fröbel
* Octavius Brooks Frothingham
* James Anthony Froude
* John Fry (regicide)
* Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli
* Max Fürbringer
* Frederick James Furnivall

## G
### Ga

* Hans Friedrich Gadow
* Matilda Joslyn Gage
* Henri Gaidoz
* Benito Pérez Galdós
* Ferdinando Galiani
* Franz Joseph Gall
* Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin
* Walter Matthew Gallichan
* John Galsworthy
* Francis Galton
* Léon Michel Gambetta
* Charles Ferdinand Gambon ( see fr:Charles Ferdinand Gambon)
* Antonio Rodríguez García-Vao ( see es:Antonio Rodríguez García-Vao)
* Helen Hamilton Gardener
* Giuseppe Garibaldi
* Edward William Garnett
* Lucy Mary Jane Garnett
* Richard Garnett (writer)
* William Lloyd Garrison
* Samuel Garth
* Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier
* Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
* Erik Gustaf Geijer
* Barbe Gendre
* Petrus Augustus de Génestet
* François Génin
* Antonio Genovesi
* Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin
* Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
* Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
* Friedrich Wilhelm Ghillany
* Arcangelo Ghisleri
* Pietro Giannone
* Edward Gibbon
* Franklin Henry Giddings
* Adam Gifford
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman
* Ernest William Gimson
* Josiah Gimson
* Sydney Ansell Gimson
* Pierre-Louis Ginguené
* Melchiorre Gioia
* Stephen Girard
* Maria Gisborne
* George Robert Gissing
* Georg von Gizycki ( see de:Georg von Gizycki)
* John Stuart Stuart-Glennie
* Francis Glisson
* Joseph Arthur de Gobineau
* René Goblet
* Eugène Goblet d'Alviella
* W. S. Godfrey
* Edwin Lawrence Godkin
* Mary Wollstonecraft
* William Godwin
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
* John Goldie (philosopher)
* Theodor Goldstücker
* Ignác Goldziher
* George Laurence Gomme
* Heinrich Gomperz
* Theodor Gomperz
* Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Goncourt
* Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt
* Giuseppe Gorani ( see it:Giuseppe Gorani)
* Adam Lindsay Gordon
* Thomas Gordon (writer)
* Charles Turner Gorham
* Alexei Maximovitch Peshkov Gorky
* Frederick James Gould
* Remy de Gourmont

### Gr

* William Graham (economist)
* Kerr Grant
* Ulysses Simpson Grant
* Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff
* Benjamin Kirkman Gray
* Octave Vallery Clément Gréard
* John Richard Green
* Joseph Frederick Green
* Kate Greenaway
* Edward Greenly
* Granville George Greenwood
* William Rathbone Greg
* Ferdinand Gregorovius
* William Henry Gregory
* Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville
* François Paul Jules Grévy
* Albert Henry George Grey
* Lepel Henry Griffin
* Dod Grile
* Franz Grillparzer
* Friedrich Melchior von Grimm
* Eduard Grisebach ( see de:Eduard Grisebach)
* Francis Hindes Groome
* Karl Groos
* Alessandro Groppali
* Elici Gropuel (appears in A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Freethinkers)
* Nikolai Yakolevich Grot ( see ru:Грот, Николай Яковлевич)
* George Grote
* Harriet Grote
* Karl Theodor Ferdinand Grün
* Louis Auguste Jean François Philippe Gruyer ( see fr:Louis Gruyer)
* Ange Guépin ( see fr:Ange Guépin)
* Adolphe Georges Guéroult ( see fr:Adolphe Georges Guéroult)
* Abílio Manuel Guerra Junqueiro
* Olindo Guerrini
* Jules Basile Guesde
* Nicolas Gueudeville ( see fr:Nicolas Gueudeville)
* Louisa Sarah Bevington Guggenberger
* Émile Étienne Guimet
* William Withey Gull
* Ludwig Gumplowicz
* Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling
* Frans Christiaan Günst
* Edmund Gurney
* Jean-Marie Guyau
* Yves Guyot
* Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg

## J

* John Jacob
* Jens Peter Jacobsen
* Louis Jacolliot
* Henry James
* William James
* Leander Starr Jameson
* Joseph Jastrow
* Morris Jastrow, Jr.
* Louis de Jaucourt
* Jean Leon Jaurès
* Richard Jefferies
* Thomas Jefferson
* Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey
* Peter Christian Albrecht Jensen ( see de:Peter Jensen (Altorientalist))
* Charles Jervas
* Friedrich Jodl
* Richard Mentor Johnson
* Samuel Johnson
* Harry Hamilton Johnston
* Ernest Jones
* David Starr Jordan
* Théodore Simon Jouffroy
* Benjamin Jowett
* Benito Pablo Juárez
* Mark Hayler Judge
* Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn

## K

* Alexander Kadison
* Marcus Kalisch
* Albert Kalthoff
* Henry Home, Lord Kames
* Immanuel Kant
* Otto Karmin
* Karl Johann Kautsky
* Augustus Henry Keane
* Charles Francis Keary ( several refs to him mainly in refs)
* John Keats
* Charles Samuel Keene
* George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal
* James Francis Edward Keith
* Johan Henric Kellgren
* William Kenrick
* Ellen Key
* Cassius Jackson Keyser
* Alexander Lange Kielland
* Søren Aaby Kierkegaard
* Peter King, 1776–1833
* Alexander William Kinglake
* George Henry Kingsley ( brother of Charles Kingsley)
* Mary Henrietta Kingsley
* Hermann Klaatsch
* Heinrich von Kleist
* Abner Kneeland
* Otto Knopf ( see the eponymous Knopfia asteroid)
* Robert Knox
* James Knowles
* Matthias Knutzen
* Hermann Kolbe
* Selig Korn ( see this)
* Ernst Ludwig Krause
* Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
* Franz Krejei
* Arnold Krekel
* Pyotr Kropotkin

## M
### Ma

* James Macartney (anatomist)
* Joseph McCabe
* William Maccall
* Mauro Macchi ( see it:Mauro Macchi)
* Eugene Montague Macdonald
* George Everett Macdonald
* Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach
* Bernardino Machado
* Charles Mackay (author)
* Robert William Mackay ( see s:Mackay, Robert William (DNB00))
* John Stuart Mackenzie
* Sampson Arnold Mackey
* James Mackintosh
* John M'Taggart Ellis M'Taggart
* Imre Madách
* James Madison
* Johann Heinrich von Mädler
* Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck
* Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan
* Frederic William Maitland
* Arthur François Ève Maillot
* François de Malherbe
* David Mallet (writer)
* Benoît Malon
* Hector Henri Malot
* Conrad Malte-Brun
* Terenzio Mamiani della Royere
* Bernard Mandeville
* Willem Christiaan van Manen
* Mangasar Mugurditch Mangasarian
* Paolo Mantegazza
* Jean-Paul Marat
* José Marchena Ruiz de Cueto
* Giovanni Marchesini ( but it:Giovanni Marchesini is a different professor at the University of Padua!)
* Pierre Sylvain Maréchal
* Robert Ranulph Marett
* Victor Margueritte
* François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette
* Léon Marillier ( see fr:Léon Marillier)
* Alberto Mario ( see it:Alberto Mario)
* Jessie White Mario
* Edward Laurens Mark
* Erich Marcks (
* Murray Marks (
* Christopher Marlowe
* Jean-François Marmontel
* Thomas Marryat
* Henry Rutgers Marshall
* Philip Bourke Marston
* François-Marie de Marsy ( fr:François-Marie de Marsy)
* Henry Marten (regicide)
* Alfred Wilhelm Martin
* Bon Louis Henri Martin
* Emma Martin (socialist)
* Harriet Martineau
* Charles Frédéric Martins see fr:Charles Frédéric Martins)
* Francis Sidney Marvin
* Karl Marx
* Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
* Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni
* Filippo Masci ( see it:Filippo Masci)
* Josiah Mason
* Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet
* Gerald Massey
* Marie-Alexandre Massol ( see s:fr:La Sculpture dans les cimetières de Paris/Père-Lachaise/75)
* Jean-Henri Maubert de Gouvest ( see fr:Jean-Henri Maubert de Gouvest)
* Aylmer Maude
* Henry Maudsley
* Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant
* Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis
* Jakob Mauvillon
* Hiram Stevens Maxim
* Friedrich Max Müller
* Frederick Augustus Maxse
* Walther Victor May
* Giuseppe Mazzini

### Me

* Thomas Medwin
* Alfred Meissner
* Jean Henri Meister
* William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
* Félix Jules Méline
* Herman Melville
* Louis-Nicolas Ménard
* Moses Mendelssohn
* Catulle Mendès
* Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
* Ernest Mendum
* Josiah P. Mendum
* Edme Mentelle
* Charles Arthur Mercier
* Evan Powell Meredith
* George Meredith
* Prosper Mérimée
* Henry Merritt (artist)
* Jean Meslier
* Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
* Hans Meyer (geologist)
* Louis Compton Miall
* Jules Michelet
* Karl Ludwig Michelet
* Conyers Middleton
* Domenico Milelli ( see it:Domenico Milelli)
* James Mill
* John Stuart Mill
* John Millar (philosopher)
* Constantin Mille
* Florence Fenwick Miller
* Alexandre Millerand
* Jean-Baptiste Millière ( see fr:Jean-Baptiste Millière)
* Richard Monckton Milnes
* Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov
* Jean-Baptiste de Mirabaud
* Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
* Francisco de Miranda
* Octave Mirbeau
* Peter Chalmers Mitchell
* Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier

### Mo

* Jakob Moleschott
* Robert Molesworth
* William Molesworth
* Jean Baptiste Poquelin Molière
* John Charles Molteno
* Alfred Williams Momerie ( see s:Momerie, Alfred Williams (DNB01))
* Theodor Mommsen
* Lord Monboddo
* Gaspard Monge
* Antoine Mongez ( see fr:Antoine Mongez)
* J. R. Monroe
* Messenger Monsey
* Basil Montagu
* Edward Montagu
* Mary Wortley Montagu
* Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
* Charles François Louis Edgar Monteil ( see fr:Edgar Monteil)
* Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu
* Anne-Pierre, marquis de Montesquiou-Fézensac
* Edmund Duncan Montgomery
* Joseph-Michel Montgolfier
* Friedrich Mook ( see de:Friedrich Mook)
* Benjamin Moore (biochemist)
* George Augustus Moore
* George Edward Moore
* John Howard Moore
* Miguel Moraita
* Hégésippe Moreau
* Jacques-Joseph Moreau
* André Morellet
* Giovanni Morelli
* N. Morelly
* William Richard Morfill
* Conwy Lloyd Morgan
* Thomas Morgan (deist)
* Thomas Charles Morgan
* Robert Burnett David Morier
* André Saturnin Morin
* James Augustus Cotter Morison
* John Morley
* Gouverneur Morris
* William Morris
* George Ernest Morrison
* Edward Sylvester Morse
* Enrico "Henry" Agostino Morselli
* Adrien de Mortillet ( see fr:Adrien de Mortillet)
* Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet
* Felix Stone Moscheles
* Arthur B. Moss
* Angelo Mosso
* John Lothrop Motley
* Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* John Henry Muirhead
* Friedrich Max Müller
* Hugo Münsterberg
* Roderick Impey Murchison
* Henri Murger
* Gilbert Murray
* Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay

## N

* Constance Caroline Woodhill Naden
* Jacques-André Naigeon
* Fridtjof Nansen
* Charles James Napier
* Alfred Joseph Naquet
* Francisco Manoel de Nascimento
* Gaetano Negri
* Ada Negri-Garlanda
* Gustav Nelson
* Carl Wilhelm Neumann
* Henry Woodd Nevinson
* Simon Newcomb
* H. Osman Newland
* Ernest Newman
* Francis William Newman
* George Newnes
* John Nichol (biographer)
* John Pringle Nichol
* William Nicholson (chemist)
* Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
* Barthold Georg Niebuhr
* Andrzej Niemojewski
* Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
* Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis
* Florence Nightingale
* Ludwig Noiré
* Theodor Nöldeke
* Max Simon Nordau
* "F. Nork" ( see this)
* "Christopher North"
* Charles Eliot Norton
* Yakov Novikov
* Rufus King Noyes
* Christen Anton Nyström ( see sv:Anton Nyström)

## O

* James Bronterre O'Brien
* Arthur Condorcet-O'Connor
* George Odger
* Hans Christian Ørsted
* Bernardo O'Higgins
* Lorenz Oken
* Josiah Oldfield
* Giacomo Omboni
* Julius (Jules) Oppert
* Alfred Richard Orage
* Johann Caspar von Orelli
* José María Orense Milá de Aragón Herrero
* Arnold Edward Ortmann
* William Osler
* Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli
* Wilhelm Ostwald
* Eugen Oswald
* Felix Leopold Oswald ( see s:Felix Leopold Oswald)
* John Oswald (activist)
* "Ouida" (Marie Louise de la Ramée)
* Harry Allen Overstreet
* Richard Overton (Leveller)
* Robert Owen
* Robert Dale Owen

## P

* Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter)
* Edward John Pilcher

## R
### Ra

* Carl Rabl
* Alfred Nicolas Rambaud
* Marie Louise de la Ramée "Ouida"
* Santiago Ramón y Cajal
* William Ramsay
* William James Ramsey
* Arthur Ranc
* Mario Rapisardi
* François-Vincent Raspail
* Samuel Kerkham Ratcliffe
* Albrecht Rau
* Henry Creswicke Rawlinson
* Guillaume Thomas François Raynal
* Carveth Read
* William Winwood Reade
* Élie Reclus
* Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus
* Paul Reclus
* Mario Reghillini
* Albert-Adrien Regnard ( see fr:Albert Regnard)
* Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély
* George Archdall O'Brien Reid
* Johann Christian Reil
* Hermann Samuel Reimarus
* Joseph Reinach
* Salomon Reinach
* Théodore Reinach
* Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold
* Karl Leonhard Reinhold
* John Eleazer Remsburg
* Charles François Marie, Comte de Rémusat
* Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat
* Paul Louis Étienne Remusat
* Henriette Renan
* Joseph Ernest Renan
* Georges François Renard
* Charles Bernard Renouvier
* Karl Gustav Reuschle ( see de:Karl Gustav Reuschle)
* Marie Roch Louis Reybaud
* Jean Ernest Reynaud
* Charles B. Reynolds
* Cecil John Rhodes
* John Rhys
* Charles Ribeyrolles ( see fr:Charles Ribeyrolles)
* Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot
* Théodule-Armand Ribot
* David Ricardo
* Giuseppe Napoleone Ricciardi ( see it:Giuseppe Ricciardi (1808))
* Benjamin Ward Richardson
* Jean Richepin
* Charles Richet
* Johann Paul Friedrich Richter
* Thomas 'Clio' Rickman
* Aloys Adolf Riehl
* Eugenio Rignano
* David George Ritchie
* Gustave Rivet ( see fr:Gustave Rivet)
* José Rizal

### Ro

* Matilda Roalfe
* Isaac Roberts
* Morley Roberts
* R. Roberts
* George Croom Robertson
* John Mackinnon Robertson
* Eugène de Robert y de la Cerda
* Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre
* Charles-Philippe Robin
* Édouard Charles Albert Robin
* Jean-Baptiste-René Robinet
* Jean-François Eugène Robinet
* Henry Crabb Robinson
* Louis Édouard Rod
* François Auguste René Rodin
* Louis-Augustin Rogeard ( see fr:Louis-Augustin Rogeard)
* James Edwin Thorold Rogers
* Karl von Rokitansky
* Jean Marie Roland de la Platière
* Marie-Jeanne Roland de la Platière
* Romain Rolland
* Thomas William Hazen Rolleston
* Gian Domenico Romagnosi
* Samuel Romilly
* Gilbert Romme
* Sicco Ernst Willem Roorda van Eysinga ( see fy:Sicco Roorda van Eysinga and nl:Sicco Roorda van Eysinga)
* Ernestine Louise Lasmond Potovsky Rose
* Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz
* Georg Gustav Roskoff
* Joseph Henri Rosny
* Louis Léon Lucien Prunol de Rosny ( see fr:Léon de Rosny)
* Edward Alsworth Ross
* Ronald Ross
* William Stewart Ross
* Dante Gabriel Rossetti
* William Michael Rossetti
* Emil Adolf Rossmässler
* Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand
* Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von Rotteck
* Jean-Jacques Rousseau
* Pierre Maurice Rouvier
* Josiah Royce
* Clémence Royer
* Arnold Ruge
* Cosimo Ruggieri ( see it:Cosimo Ruggieri and other wikis)
* John Ruskin
* Bertrand Arthur William Russell
* John Russell, Viscount Amberley
* John Russell (educationist)
* John Francis Stanley Russell
* "Mark Rutherford" (William Hale White)
* Abraham Viktor Rydberg

## W

* Samuel Waddington
* Richard Wagner
* Charles Burlingame Waite
* Theodor Waitz
* Edward Wakefield
* Edward Gibbon Wakefield
* Gilbert Wakefield
* Thaddeus B. Wakeman
* Charles Athanase Walckenaer
* François Walferdin (see fr:François Walferdin)
* Ernest Walker
* John Walker ( adopted Quaker dress but not accepted into membership)
* Alfred Russel Wallace
* William Wallace
* Horace Walpole
* Robert Walpole
* Walter Walsh
* Johannes Walther
* William Walwyn
* Lester Frank Ward
* Josiah Warren
* Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick
* L. K. Washburn
* George Washington
* James Watson
* William Watson
* James Watt
* Charles Watts
* Charles Albert Watts
* George Frederic Watts
* John Watts (writer)
* John Watts (reformer)
* Theodore Watts-Dunton
* Karl Julius Weber
* August Weismann
* Wilhelm Weitling
* Julius Wellhausen
* H. G. Wells
* Richard Brodhead Westbrook
* Baron Westbury
* Edvard Westermarck
* John Westlake
* Samuel Burns Weston
* Otto Wettstein
* George Whale (writer)
* Joseph Mazzini Wheeler
* James McNeill Whistler
* Andrew Dickson White
* William Hale White
* Walt Whitman
* Thomas Whittaker
* Adam Gowans Whyte

### Wi

* Knut Wicksell
* Christoph Martin Wieland
* Otto Wigand ( see de:Otto Wigand and hu:Otto Wigand)
* Adolf Wilbrandt
* Ella Wheeler Wilcox
* John Wilkes
* Bruno Wille
* Charles Hanbury Williams
* David Williams
* Roger Williams
* William Mattieu Williams
* Robert Willis
* Andrew Wilson
* David Alec Wilson
* John Wilson (Scottish writer) (no article in the dictionary but cross-referenced from "Christopher North" here)
* Roland Knyvet Wilson
* Wyndham Wilton
* Hugo Winckler
* John Richard de Capel Wise ( and ebooks)
* Gustav Adolf Wislicenus
* Susan H. Wixon
* William Wollaston
* Mary Wollstonecraft
* Henry Wood
* Thomas Jonathan Wooler
* Thomas Woolner
* Thomas Woolston
* Chauncey Wright
* Elizur Wright
* Michael Wright (Owenite)
* Clement Writer
* Wilhelm Max Wundt
* Christian Ernst Wünsch (see pl:Christian Ernst Wünsch)
* Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
* Grigorio Nicolaievich Wyrouboff

## X

* Augustin Louis de Ximénès

## Y

* Percival Macleod Yearsley ( see this at UCL)
* Edward L. Youmans
* William Jay Youmans
* Francis Younghusband

## Z

* Giuseppe Zanardelli
* Israel Zangwill
* Francisco Zarco ( see es:Francisco Zarco)
* Eduard Zeller
* Gustav Zerffi
* Heinrich Ernst Ziegler ( see de:Heinrich Ernst Ziegler)
* Theobald Ziegler
* Georg Theodor Ziehen
* Helen Zimmern
* Émile Zola
* Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla
* Charles Zueblin
* Luigi Zuppetta ( see it:Luigi Zuppetta)