OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thuy Thu Le

Thuy Thu Le (born 1966/1967) is a Vietnamese actress known for her appearance in the 1989 movie Casualties of War by Brian De Palma.

## Biography

Le was born in Saigon, South Vietnam, in 1966 or 1967. She fled to the United States with her father and two older brothers during the Fall of Saigon in 1975. Her mother arrived in the US in 1979; however, they weren't reunited until 1985. Le speaks Vietnamese, English, and French. She majored in English at the University of Paris.
Le gave her only acting performance in Brian De Palma's 1989 war drama film Casualties of War. In the film, she played two roles: a Vietnamese peasant girl who was kidnapped, raped, and murdered by a group of American soldiers (her character was based on real-life victim Phan Thi Mao); and an Asian student whom Private First Class Max Eriksson (Michael J. Fox) meets years after the incident aboard a transit line in San Francisco. Le has stated that she auditioned for the part because De Palma's The Untouchables (1987) is one of her favorite films.
In 1989 Le had married a Vietnamese-French medical student and was living in Paris with her family. In a Los Angeles Times article she was quoted that acting was a "one-shot deal" for her, as she had no aspirations to become a full-time actress, despite support from De Palma.
# Matilda Amissah-Arthur

Matilda Nana Manye Amissah-Arthur (née Borsah) served as the Second Lady of Ghana from 2012 to 2017. She was married to the late former Vice President of Ghana, Kwesi Amissah-Arthur.

## Early life and education

Her father was the Director of Social Welfare and instrumental in founding Osu Children's Home, an orphanage for homeless children and orphans in Osu, Accra as well as the Borstal Institute for juvenile delinquents in the country. Mrs. Amissah-Arthur attended Mfantsiman Girls' Secondary School in Central Region of Ghana for her secondary school education.

## Career

Amissah-Arthur is a retired librarian by profession. She has worked with public library, the Balme Library, University of Ghana and the British Council.

### Second Lady of Ghana

As Second Lady, Amissah-Arthur is well known for her role in promoting literacy, digital libraries, and other beneficial causes in Ghana, including donation of medical items, and supporting fishmongers in the town of Effutu. Amissah-Arthur was influenced to do social work by her father, who was once Director of Social Welfare in Ghana and inculcated the habit of selflessness and hardwork in his children. She has been installed as a Queen Mother of Logba-Adzekoe in 2016, with the stool name of Unandze Afan Eshi (Mamaga Afeamenyo I).

### Writing

She spends her time writing children's books and working with the bereaved: widows, widowers and their children, to help them find purpose through their pain. These include: In Times Like These, Fun with Colouring: Animals and their Babies, Writing Book – The Alphabet.

## Personal life

She was married to former vice president of Ghana and former governor of the Bank of Ghana, Kwesi Amissah-Arthur and they had two children. He died on 29 June 2018 at the 37 Military Hospital.
# McConnell Arboretum & Botanical Gardens

The McConnell Arboretum & Botanical Gardens, also known as the Redding Arboretum, are located within Turtle Bay Exploration Park, in Redding, California. The gardens opened on May 30, 2005, and cover 300 acres (120 hectares), including 200 acres (80 hectares) of undeveloped arboretum and 20 acres (8 hectares) of botanical garden that span the Sacramento River.
The gardens began in the mid-1980s when three Redding museums began talks to construct a museum complex on 60 acres (24 hectares), and gradually took shape through the mid-1990s. The McConnell Arboretum & Gardens opened in 2005, and currently consist of 20 acres (8 hectares) of gardens and 200 acres (80 hectares) of arboretum, with views of Shasta valley mountains to the west, the Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay to the east, and the environment along the banks of the Sacramento River, with valley oaks and native vegetation. Turtle Bay Exploration Park is now restoring an additional 340 acres (140 hectares) of riparian habitat located on both sides of the Sacramento River, removing invasive species and re-establishing native vegetation in woodland, grasslands, seasonal wetlands, and valley oak groves.
Principal gardens include the Mediterranean Climate Gardens (Mediterranean Basin, South Africa, Chile, southern and western Australia, and California west of the Sierra Nevada), and other gardens including a children's garden, butterfly garden, and specialty gardens.
* California Garden - Shasta County native plants.
* South African Garden - many commonly grown geophytes (bulbs, tubers, etc.), such as gladiolus.
* Pacific Rim Garden - plants from around the Pacific Ocean.
* Australian Garden - a large collection of trees, shrubs, perennials, and groundcovers from southern and western Australia.
* Chilean Garden - a selection of plants from Chile.
* Medicinal Garden - Ten small planting beds representative of species used in herbal cures.
* Mediterranean Basin Garden - varieties of lavender, rosemary, rockrose, yarrow, etc.
* Carl & Leah's Meadow - wildflowers, including lavender, rosemary, rockrose, and yarrow.
* Butterfly Garden - both nectar and host plants for butterflies.
* Children's Garden - a water feature that includes a drinking fountain, ornamental fountain, and play structure designed by artist Colleen Barry.
* Arboretum - 200 acres (80 hectares) of undeveloped riparian forest and oak savanna, now being restored with native species.
# McKenzie Mountain Wilderness Area

The McKenzie Mountain Wilderness Area, an Adirondack Park unit of the Forest Preserve, lies in western Essex County in the towns of St. Armand, North Elba and Wilmington. In general, the Saranac River and Franklin Falls Pond border on the north; the Wilmington-Franklin Falls road, the Whiteface Mountain Memorial Highway and the west branch of the Ausable River form the eastern boundary; the Saranac Lake-Lake Placid Road, NY 86, forms the southern boundary; and the Saranac River forms the western boundary.
It contains eight bodies of water covering 28 acres (11 hectares), 14.2 miles (22.9 km) of foot trails, and one lean-to.
McKenzie Mountain, sometimes referred to as Saddleback, and Moose Mountain, sometimes called St. Armand Mountain, dominate the topographical features of the area.
McKenzie Pond, from which the village of Saranac Lake obtains its water supply, forms part of the boundary on the west side as does Moose Pond, but few ponds are encompassed within the boundaries of this area. Bartlett Pond, lying at about 2,800 feet (850 m) altitude on the southeast side of McKenzie Mountain, and Loch Bonnie which is at about 2,900 feet (880 m) altitude on the southeast side of Moose Mountain are, however, in the wilderness.
The area is densely forested with softwoods, with spruce and balsam predominating above the 2,500-foot (760 m) level and mixed hardwoods and softwoods predominating at the lower elevations.
The attractiveness of the area is enhanced by the excellent views that may be obtained from the top of McKenzie Mountain and Moose Mountain. There are numerous spring-fed brooks, mostly on the north slopes of the area. Lincoln Brook and French Brook, with their tributaries originating high on the northwest slopes of Esther Mountain and Whiteface Mountain, are crystal clear trout streams with many scenic spots along their courses.
DEC maintains a foot trail from the pull-off east of the Saranac Lake Golf Course on Route 86 to the top of McKenzie Mountain. The Lake Placid Shore Owners Association trail over private lands along the west shore of Lake Placid is open to those who obtain the association's permission to use it. After leaving private land this trail winds its way to the tops of Moose, McKenzie, Tamarac and Colburn Mountains.
Public access to the area is relatively good from all sides.
# McGregor Smith Scout Reservation

The McGregor Smith Scout Reservation is located in Inverness, Citrus County, Florida, US and managed as part of the Southwest Florida Water Management District. The 4,964-acre (20.09 km$^2$) area was purchased from the Boy Scouts in 2004 and is located at 12650 East Boy Scout Road in Inverness.
In 2012, the camp was closed and completely dismantled.
# Ryder Anderson

Ryder Patrick Anderson (born October 15, 1998) is an American professional football defensive end for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ole Miss and Indiana.

## Early life

Anderson was born in Katy, Texas. His older brother, Rodney, was an all-state running back. Both Andersons won separate state championships in 2012 and 2015, respectively, at perennial Texas high school football power Katy High School. Ryder began high school as a quarterback but quickly outgrew the position, so his head coach switched him to defensive lineman.

## College career

On November 28, 2016, Anderson committed to Ole Miss. At Ole Miss, Anderson had 98 tackles, 15 for a loss, 9.5 sacks, one pass defended, one fumble recovered, and one forced fumble. On January 4, 2021, Anderson entered the college football transfer portal. Four days later, he transferred to Indiana. At Indiana, he had 47 tackles, 7.5 tackles for loss, 2.5 sacks, and 1 forced fumble. Overall in his college career, he had 147 total tackles, 22.5 total tackles for loss, 9.5 total sacks, one defended pass, one recovered fumble, and two total forced fumbles. After the 2021 season, Anderson declared for the 2022 NFL draft.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 6+1⁄4 in (1.99 m) | 276 lb (125 kg) | 34+3⁄8 in (0.87 m) | 10+3⁄8 in (0.26 m) | 4.57 s | 7.21 s | 32.0 in (0.81 m) | 9 ft 5 in (2.87 m) |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||

### New York Giants

Anderson went undrafted in the 2022 NFL Draft. He signed with the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent on May 14, 2022. He was waived on August 30, 2022 and signed to the practice squad the next day. Anderson was elevated from the practice squad for Week 6 and Week 7 games against the Baltimore Ravens and Jacksonville Jaguars. He was promoted to the active roster on December 16.
On August 29, 2023, Anderson was waived by the Giants and re-signed to the practice squad. Following the end of the 2023 regular season, the Giants signed him to a reserve/future contract on January 8, 2024. He was waived/injured on August 20, 2024.

### New Orleans Saints

On November 6, 2024, Anderson was signed to the New Orleans Saints practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 6, 2025.

## Personal life

Anderson is the son of Rod and Jobie Anderson. His brothers are Rodney Anderson and Nic Anderson and his uncle is Mark Anderson.
# Medfield Rhododendrons

The Medfield Rhododendrons is a 196-acre (0.79 km$^2$) nature reserve established in 1934 in Medfield, Massachusetts managed by the Trustees of Reservations. The site contains the largest area of Rhododendron maximum in the state, which are currently listed as threatened by the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program due to over-collecting.

## Gallery

* Rhododendron bush
* Fencing installed in an attempt to protect the rhododendrons from deer
* Detail
# McPherson Valley Wetlands

38°28′38″N 97°27′02″W﻿ / ﻿38.47722°N 97.45056°W﻿ / 38.47722; -97.45056
McPherson Valley Wetlands are a disconnected chain of marshes, wetlands, and shallow lakes in McPherson County, Kansas. Once covering a much larger area, 4,455 acres of the wetlands and surrounding prairie was protected by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism as of 2011.

## History and description

The McPherson Valley Wetlands are a large area of scattered natural lakes and wetlands extending from five miles northwest of McPherson, Kansas for 43 miles south to Valley Center. In the late 19th century, the wetlands consisted of 52 shallow marshes comprising more than 9,000 acres of water. The largest marsh was Big Basin, more than 2,000 acres in size. None of the marshes were more than five feet deep and many of them became dry land during the frequent droughts in the area. Two lakes, Lake Inman and Farland Lake, were among the marshes. Lake Inman, more than 100 acres in size, is Kansas's largest natural lake. The lake is in private ownership.
The wetlands were first important for waterfowl hunters who, in the last quarter of the 19th century, killed tens of thousands of ducks and other birds and shipped them by railroad to Kansas City and St. Louis. About 1900, draining of the marshes converted most of the wetlands into farmland. However, most of the land was too low and wet to become good farmland. In 1989, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks began purchasing the former marshland and restoring it to its original condition using levees, canals, and water pumps. As of 2011, 4,455 acres of land had been purchased, including 1,760 acres of 51 wetlands, including Big Basin, Kubin, Little Sinkhole, and Chain of Lakes marshes had been restored or recreated. The state of Kansas continues to purchase land from willing sellers when funds are available.
Before being drained, the McPherson Valley Wetlands were comparable in importance to Cheyenne Bottoms, 60 miles west, for migrating waterfowl. More than 200 species of birds have been recorded in the wetlands, including white-faced ibis, snowy plover, peregrine falcons, and many species of ducks.
In 1995, for the first time in 100 years, whooping cranes visited the wetlands. In spring 2016, 17 whooping cranes visited the Big Basin marshes. In summer 2017, a roseate spoonbill visited the Little Sinkhole marshes.

## Recreation

The wetlands are open to the public year-round. Hunting for both waterfowl and upland game birds is allowed with a permit. Steel shot is required for all hunting. Lead shot is not allowed to prevent waterfowl from consuming lead while feeding. Bird watching is a major activity. Camping is not allowed.
The McPherson wetlands property is regularly patrolled by State Game Wardens employed by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism. The wardens enforce all state laws on the property and check hunters for permits.
# Nikolai Todorov

Nikolai Todorov Todorov (Bulgarian: Николай Тодоров Тодоров; June 6, 1921 – August 27, 2003) was a Bulgarian historian. In 1990, he briefly served as acting president of Bulgaria.

## Life and career

Todorov was born in Varna and, as he noted himself, he was of Greek descent. Todorov was inspired to go into politics after the trial of Traycho Kostov, whom he had shared a prison cell with during World War II. After a distinguished academic career, which included a position at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, he joined the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He would later serve as the Bulgarian representative to UNESCO and the Bulgarian Ambassador to Greece (1978–1983). Following Bulgaria's departure from Communism, Todorov became Speaker of the National Assembly of Bulgaria, leading him to serve as acting president.

## Personal life

Todorov was married with three children. He is the father of Maria Todorova.
# Cyrus Crosby

Cyrus William Crosby (January 13, 1855 – January 20, 1936) was a farmer, mill owner and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1909 to 1911 and from 1920 to 1923 as a Liberal.
He was born in Bonshaw, Prince Edward Island, the son of Andrew C. Crosby and Sarah McNeill. In 1882, he married Grace McNeill. He was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1909 by-election held after the death of Matthew Smith. He served in the province's Executive Council as Commissioner of Public Works from 1919 to 1923. Because of the improvements made to the provincial highway system during his tenure, he was given the nickname "Good Roads Crosby". Crosby was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1912, 1915 and 1923. He sold his farm in 1921 and moved to Charlottetown, settling in Souris later in life. Crosby died in Souris at the age of 81.
# John Robbins Sanborn

John Robbins Sanborn (1839 – January 13, 1914) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Shefford from 1891 to 1896 as a Liberal member.
He was born in South Roxton, Lower Canada, the son of A. Sanborn who came to Lower Canada from New Hampshire, and was educated in Granby. He married Malvina Blampin. Sanborn served on the council for South Roxton. He was also a school commissioner, president of the Agricultural Society, vice-president of the Dairy Association and a director of the Fruit Grower's Association.

## Electoral record

vte1891 Canadian federal election: Shefford :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | J. R. Sanborn | 1,792 | 52.60 | |
| | Conservative | A.C. Savage | 1,615 | 47.40 | -3.07 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,407 | 100.00 |
# Bara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Bara (Pashto: باړه; Urdu: باڑہ) is a town located in Bara Tehsil in the Khyber District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Kohat is located to the south while Peshawar is located to the north of Bara.

## Overview

Bara is also the name of the local administrative division of Bara Tehsil in the Khyber Agency within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, of which Bara Town is the administrative seat. The Bara River flows through the town. The town has a fort built by British Raj and supplied water to Peshawar. The town is ethnically Pashtuns, and has been the site of increasing militancy by Lashkar-e-Islam against the central government.

## Location

The approximate location is 33° 55′ N latitude, 71° 27′ longitude. The mud fort is visible on Google Earth at 33° 54' 53" by 71° 28' 05", lying alongside a water tank and the Bara River which eventually flows to the East of Peshawar.

## Incidents

* 2023 Bara explosion

## Notable people

* Javed Afridi, Pakistani Business executive and entrepreneur best known as the CEO of Haier Pakistan.
* Shahid Afridi, Pakistani international cricketer and the former captain of the Pakistan national cricket team.
* Ayub Afridi (drug lord), Pakistani politician and drug smuggler.
* Ayub Afridi (politician), Pakistani politician who has been a Member of the Senate of Pakistan since March 2018.
* Shams Afridi, Finance Manager at Peshawar Zalmi & Haier Pakistan.
* Zarif Khan, Pashtun American restaurant owner and investor.
* Rehmat Shah Afridi, opened the first English newspaper established from KPK
# Ring star problem

The ring star problem (RSP) is a NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization. In a complete weighted mixed graph, the ring star problem aims to find a minimum cost ring star subgraph formed by a cycle (ring part) and a set of arcs (star part) such that each arc's child node belongs to the cycle and each arc's parent node does not. The costs for the arcs are usually different than the cycle's costs. The cycle must contains at least one node which is called the depot or the root.
RSP is a generalization of the traveling salesman problem. When the costs of the arcs are infinite and the ring contains all nodes, the RSP reduces to TSP. Some applications of RSP arise in the context of telecommunications, transports or logistics.

## Exact formulations

RSP was first formulated in 1998. The first MILP for solving RSP was introduced in 2004 alongside valid inequalities that improve the formulation. Several exact formulations have since been introduced in order to solve the Ring star problem such as a graph-layers based ILP and a st-chains formulation.

## Variants of the ring star problem

Many variants of the ring star problem have been studied since 2006.
* The capacitated m-ring star problem (2006)
* The multi-depot ring star problem (2010)
* The non-disjoint m-ring star problem (2014)
* The survivable ring star problem (2024)

## Heuristics

The first heuristic for RSP, a general variable neighborhood search has been introduced in order to obtain approximate solutions more quickly. In 2013, an evolutionary algorithm also approximates RSP. In 2020, an ant colony optimization heuristic outperforms the evolutionary algorithm heuristic.
# John B. Funk

John Benjamin Funk (April 20, 1905 – March 16, 1993) was an American politician from Maryland. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates, Maryland Senate and as the secretary of state of Maryland. He was known for his chairmanship of the Maryland State Roads Commission and oversaw the construction of the Baltimore Beltway and the opening of Interstate 95.

## Early life

John Benjamin Funk was born on April 20, 1905, in Hillsborough, Virginia, to Harry B. Funk. His father was a homebuilder. He graduated from Brunswick High School in Brunswick, Maryland, in 1922. He played trombone and played for the Potomac Club Orchestra. He graduated from Washington and Lee University with a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

## Career

After graduating, Funk worked for the American Bridge Company in Frederick. He then worked as a city engineer in Brunswick from 1929 to 1984. He was appointed as Maryland's chief engineer. From 1950 to 1958, he was chief engineer in Baltimore County.
Funk was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Frederick County from 1935 to 1938. He then served as a member of the Maryland Senate from 1939 to 1947. He was chair of the Senate Finance Committee. He was Democratic floor leader from 1944 to 1946. In 1947, Governor William Preston Lane named Funk as secretary of state of Maryland.
Under Governor J. Millard Tawes he was appointed chairman of the Maryland State Roads Commission. From 1959 to 1966, under Tawes, he oversaw the construction of the Baltimore Beltway and the opening of Interstate 95. He retired in 1967 and then worked as an engineering consultant for several years.
Funk was a co-founder of the Brunswick History Commission.

## Personal life

Funk married Doris Dindore in 1927. They had three sons, John Demory, Harry Bruce and William B. She died in 1953. He later married Evelyn Robinson in 1953. He was Methodist. In 1957, he lived in Shetland Hills in Lutherville.
Funk died of heart disease on March 16, 1993, aged 87, at Hanover General Hospital in Hanover, Pennsylvania. He was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Frederick.
# Szymanowice, Łódź Voivodeship

Szymanowice (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduny, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Zduny, 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Łowicz, and 48 km (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Yagisawa Miyakotandai Station

Yagisawa Miyakotandai Station (八木沢・宮古短大駅, Yagisawa Miyakotandai-eki) is a railway station operated by Sanriku Railway Company located in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

## History

Yagisawa Miyakotandai Station opened between Tsugaruishi Station and Sokei Station on 23 March 2019. This coincided with the completion of a reconstructed section of the Yamada Line between Miyako Station and Kamaishi Station, which was then transferred to Sanriku Railway's Rias Line.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Rias Line |||||
| Tsugaruishi | Tsugaruishi | - | Sokei | Sokei |

## Surrounding area

* Iwate Prefectural University, Miyako College
# Stark Hills

Stark Hills is a mountain located in Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Town of Indian Lake northwest of Indian Lake.