OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howar Ziad

Howar Ziad was the ambassador of Iraq to Canada. He is also a senior advisor to Jalal Talabani, the former president of Iraq. Prior to his diplomatic career, Ziad and his family had a long history of participation in the Kurdish freedom movement. His father, Kaka Ziad was Vice President of the KDP in the 1950s and was also a famous Kurdish leader of his time.
As a young man, Howar Ziad was active in the Kurdish student movement while studying in Europe. He went on to represent Kurdish interests abroad for many years, including a five-year stint as representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government at the United Nations (1999–2004).
Ambassador Ziad studied at Baghdad College and has a BSc in Economics from the London School of Economics.
# Wissinoming, Philadelphia

Wissinoming is a neighborhood in the Near Northeast section of Philadelphia, United States. It was the site of locomotive builder Matthias Baldwin's estate "Wissinoming", which was located near Tacony and Van Kirk Streets. The current Wissinoming is bordered by Mayfair on the west and Tacony on the north, Bridesburg on the south (below Bridge Street), I-95 and the Delaware River on the east, and Frankford on the southwest (below Bridge Street). Wissinoming has two ZIP codes: 19124 and 19135. Physical boundaries are: Levick Street on the north, Bridge Street on the south, I-95 and the Delaware River on the east, and Frankford Avenue on the west.
Wissinoming Creek, buried in the 1930s, drained a watershed through Wissinoming that included the main stream and another tributary, Little Wissinoming Creek. The name derives its name from a Lenni Lenape term meaning “where the grapes grow”.

## Schools

Wissinoming has two public elementary schools: James J. Sullivan Elementary School (located on Ditman Street and Sanger Street) and Henry W. Lawton Elementary School (located on Ditman Street and Benner Street). The border of the two schools (Sullivan and Lawton) that decides which school a child attends is Howell Street. Anyone who lives on the south side of Howell Street attends Sullivan, while anyone who lives on the north attends Lawton.
Wissinoming's neighborhood middle school is Harding Middle School located on Torresdale Avenue in the Frankford section of Philadelphia.
Frankford High School is Wissinoming's neighborhood high school, located on Oxford Avenue and Wakeling Street.

## Parks

Wissinoming is widely known for its large park, Wissinoming Park. With entrances at Charles Street and Comly Street, Charles Street and Cheltenham Avenue, and Frankford Avenue and Comly Street.
Wissinoming has two playgrounds: Moss Playground (home of the Moss Eagles and located on Torresdale Avenue and Cheltenham Avenue) and American Legion (also known as Devereaux by natives of the neighborhood since it is located on Torresdale Avenue and Devereaux Street).

## Police

Philadelphia's 15th Police District (located roughly at Levick Street and Harbison Avenue) covers Wissinoming.
# Point Leo, Victoria

Point Leo is a town on the shore of Western Port bay on the eastern side of the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 67 km (42 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Point Leo recorded a population of 178 at the 2021 census.
Point Leo Foreshore Reserve provides excellent waves for surfing and is one of the closest surf beaches to Melbourne.

## History

The area was known as Bobbanaring to the local Bunurong people prior to European settlement. The area was first surveyed in 1841, and a town was proposed here in 1869, but the area did not develop until after World War II, when the Woods family built a house and store. Facilities were developed in the 1960s, including camping grounds, toilet blocks with hot showers on the foreshore and a kiosk on the surf beach. A Post Office opened on 8 December 1969, but closed in 1974. By the 1980s the area was still dominated by holiday homes and weekend travellers with few permanent residents.

## Present day

The small town contains a general store and supports an active surf lifesaving club and boat club. A large foreshore reserve includes picnic, barbecue and camping areas, managed by Point Leo Foreshore, and provide access to the surf beach. A gate fee is payable. Most other facilities are available from nearby Shoreham and Balnarring.
No public transport services Point Leo directly although the bus route 782 operated by Ventura Bus Lines between Frankston and Flinders passes within 2 km of the town.
# Harry Ridley (cricketer)

Harry Clifford Ridley (1868 – 11 January 1949) was a New Zealand cricketer who played 18 matches of first-class cricket for Canterbury between 1892 and 1905.
Harry Ridley was one of nine children of the Rev. Morris Samuel Ridley, who brought his family from Monmouthshire to Christchurch in the 1880s. He was an opening batsman, reliable and with a strong defence, an excellent runner between wickets, and a good fieldsman who could also keep wicket. He played for the Lancaster Park club in Christchurch.
Ridley's highest first-class score was 52 against Wellington in 1896–97. He scored 46 (in an opening partnership of 123 with Len Cuff) and 14 not out when Canterbury beat Wellington in 1894–95. His younger brother Archie also had a long career for Canterbury and represented New Zealand.
Ridley worked for 44 years for the Christchurch Gas Company, the last 40 years as sales manager until he retired in 1934.
# Bruno Millienne

Bruno Millienne (born 28 November 1959) is a French politician of the Democratic Movement (MoDem) who has represented the 9th constituency of the Yvelines department in the National Assembly since 2017.
A sports journalist by occupation, Millienne worked for France Télévisions, Eurosport and Groupe M6 before he entered politics. He served as a municipal councillor in Jumeauville from 2014 to 2017 and a regional councillor of Île-de-France from 2015 to 2021. In Parliament, he sits on the Committee on Sustainable Development, Spatial and Regional Planning.
# Odinist Fellowship

Odinist Fellowship may refer to:
* Odinist Fellowship (United Kingdom), a British neo-völkisch Heathen organisation
* Odinist Fellowship (United States), an American neo-völkisch Heathen organization
# No-Name Island (Pennsylvania)

No-Name Island is a 10-acre (40,000 m$^2$) alluvial island in the upper Allegheny River. It is located in Tionesta Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania, and is part of the Allegheny Islands Wilderness.
The island is a prime location for old growth, virgin, and river bottom forests.
# Peckman Preserve

Peckman Preserve is a 12-acre nature preserve that is located off Wilmore Road in Little Falls, New Jersey, United States. It was acquired subsequent to the completion of the 2001 Open Space Fund and Recreation Master Plan, and is adjacent to the filled bed of the Morris Canal.
Parking is provided on local streets, and the site may also be accessed by NJ Transit bus routes 28, 704, 191, 397, and 705. These sites are less than a 10-minute walk from the entrance to the park alongside East Main Street (County Road 631).
# Amy T. Austin

Amy Theresa Austin is an Argentine ecologist. She is a principal research scientist at the National Scientific and Technical Research Council in Argentina and a professor at the Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires.
In 1988, she received a Bachelor of Arts in environmental science at Willamette University and a Doctor of Philosophy in biological sciences at Stanford University in 1997. In 2018, she was awarded the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards “For her remarkable contributions to understanding terrestrial ecosystem ecology in natural and human-modified landscapes”. In 2023 she was granted the Konex Award Merit Diploma for her work in Ecology and Environmental Sciences in the last decade.
# 1983 San Francisco State Gators football team

The 1983 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State University as a member of the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) during the 1983 NCAA Division II football season. Led by 23rd-year head coach Vic Rowen, San Francisco State compiled an overall record of 2–8 with a mark of 1–5 in conference play, placing sixth in the NCAC. For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 251 to 116. The Gators played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 10 | at Cal State Northridge* | North Campus StadiumNorthridge, CA | L 3–24 | 350–2,419 |
| September 17 | Sonoma State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 31–6 | 350–400 |
| September 24 | Cal Poly* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 8–50 | 575 |
| October 1 | Santa Clara* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 17–16 | 598 |
| October 8 | Cal State Hayward | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 7–13 | 500–584 |
| October 15 | Saint Mary's* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 0–16 | 532 |
| October 29 | at No. 2 UC Davis | Toomey FieldDavis, CA | L 9–41 | 7,500–7,800 |
| November 5 | Sacramento State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 25–37 | 600 |
| November 12 | at Humboldt State | Redwood BowlArcata, CA | L 9–22 | 500 |
| November 19 | at Chico State | University StadiumChico, CA | L 7–26 | 400–421 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from NCAA Division II Football Committee Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# 1984 San Francisco State Gators football team

The 1984 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State University as a member of the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) during the 1983 NCAA Division II football season. Led by 24th-year head coach Vic Rowen, San Francisco State finished the season with an overall record of 4–5–1 and a mark of 2–3–1 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the NCAC. For the season the team was outscored by its opponents was outscored by 240 to 209. The Gators played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco.
On January 1, 1985, the NCAC announced it had ruled that San Francisco State had used two ineligible players and must forfeit three victories, two non-conference wins over Cal State Northridge and Azusa Pacific and one conference win over Sonoma State. With the three forfeits, the Gators' 1984 record fell to 1–8–1 overall and 1–4–1 in conference play, dropping them to sixth place in the NCAC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 8 | at Cal Lutheran* | Mt. Clef FieldThousand Oaks, CA | L 13–38 | 900 |
| September 22 | Cal State Northridge* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 21–17 (forfeit loss) | 1,000–1,021 |
| September 29 | Azusa Pacific* | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 41–21 (forfeit loss) | 1,000–1,600 |
| October 6 | at Cal State Hayward | Pioneer StadiumHayward, CA | L 23–43 | 800–2,000 |
| October 13 | at Sonoma State | Cossacks StadiumRohnert Park, CA | L 45–21 (forfeit loss) | 746–1,000 |
| October 20 | No. 9 UC Davis | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 7–21 | 2,000 |
| October 27 | at Santa Clara* | Buck Shaw StadiumSanta Clara, CA | L 6–12 | 2,131 |
| November 3 | at Sacramento State | Hornet StadiumSacramento, CA | L 14–41 | 2,790 |
| November 10 | Chico State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | T 14–14 | 250–712 |
| November 17 | Humboldt State | Cox StadiumSan Francisco, CA | W 25–19 | 300–1,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from NCAA Division II Football Committee Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Cheshire West and Wirral (European Parliament constituency)

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.
The constituency of Cheshire West and Wirral was one of them.
It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Birkenhead, City of Chester, Crewe and Nantwich, Eddisbury, Ellesmere Port and Neston, Wallasey, Wirral South, and Wirral West.

## MEPs

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1994 | Lyndon Harrison | Labour |
| 1999 | 1999 | Constituency abolished, see North West England | Constituency abolished, see North West England |

## Election results

European Parliament election, 1994: Cheshire West and Wirral :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Lyndon Harrison | 106,160 | 53.6 | |
| | Conservative | David N. Senior | 58,984 | 29.8 | |
| | Liberal Democrats | Ian A. Mottershaw | 20,746 | 10.5 | |
| | British Home Rule | David J.E. Carson | 6,167 | 3.1 | |
| | Green | Mike C. Money | 5,096 | 2.6 | |
| | Natural Law | Andrew G. Wilmot | 929 | 0.4 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 47,176 | 23.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 198,082 | | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
# Open economy

An open economy refers to an economy in which both domestic and international entities participate in the trade of goods and services. This type of economy allows for the exchange of products, including technology transfers and managerial expertise. However, certain services, such as a country's railway operations, may not be easily exchanged internationally due to practical limitations.
In contrast, a closed economy restricts international trade and finance with other countries. In an open economy, the sale of goods or services to a foreign country is known as exporting, while the purchase of foreign goods or services is referred to as importing. Collectively, these activities form the basis of international trade.

## Advantages and disadvantages

Open economies offer several advantages to their citizens. One key benefit is that consumers have access to a broader variety of goods and services. Additionally, citizens can invest their savings in foreign markets, potentially offering better returns. However, open economies are also more interdependent with other nations, exposing them to risks from global economic fluctuations.
An open economy also allows a country's spending in any given year to differ from its production of goods and services. This flexibility means that a country can spend more than it produces by borrowing from foreign sources, or it can spend less and lend the surplus to other nations.

## History

The concept of an open economy is closely linked to the idea of globalization, where individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide are increasingly interconnected. Historical developments such as the Silk Road, which facilitated trade between Eastern Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, and global conflicts like World War I and World War II, which fostered economic alliances, have played a significant role in the development of open economies.
Political ideologies have also influenced the development of open economies. Economic openness as a concept emerged in the 19th century, with two primary schools of thought. Critics argue that open economies may weaken national economies due to heightened competition, while proponents believe that openness encourages trade, fosters job creation, and boosts economic opportunities.
As of 2014, no country operates as a fully closed economy.
# Aizu-Tajima Station

Aizu-Tajima Station (会津田島駅, Aizu-Tajima-eki) is a railway station on the Aizu Railway Aizu Line in the town of Minamiaizu, Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Aizu Railway. It is the terminus for all EMU through services from the Yagan Railway, as the section between this station and Nishi-Wakamatsu is not electrified.

## Lines

Aizu-Tajima Station is served by the Aizu Line, and is located 42.0 rail kilometers from the official starting point of the line at Nishi-Wakamatsu.

## Station layout

Aizu-Tajima Station has two island platforms; however, platform 1 nearest the station building deadheads to a bay platform. Platforms 3 and 4 are connected by a footbridge.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Aizu Railway Aizu Line | for Aizukōgen-Ozeguchi |
| 2/3 | ■ Aizu Railway Aizu Line | <express trains only> |
| 4 | ■ Aizu Railway Aizu Line | for Yunokami-Onsen, Nishi-Wakamatsu |

## History

Aizu-Tajima Station opened on December 27, 1934.
The station was transferred to the Aizu Railway on 16 July 1987.

## Surrounding area

* Minamiaizu Town Hall
* Tajima Post Office
* National Route 121
* National Route 298
* National Route 400

## Bus routes

* Aizu Bus
** [No.42] Aizu-Tajima Station - Minami Aizu Hospital - Haryu - Yamaguchi - Uchikawa
** Aizu-Tajima Station - Aizu-Shimogo Station - Yunokamionsen Station - Ōuchijuku - Konumazaki - Edamatsu
** Aizu-Tajima Station - Tajima Highschool
* Kaneko Kanko Bus
** Aizu-Tajima Station - Minami Aizu Hospital - Showa Onsen - Matsuyama (Suspension during winter due to heavy snow)
* Shizen Shuto・Tadami
** Aizu-Tajima Station - Minami Aizu Hospital - Kobayashi Snow Station - Aizu Tadami Archaeological Museum - Ki no Sato YURARI - Tadami Junior Highschool - Tadami Station
*** A flat rate of fares at 1500 yen

## In media

The 4th episode of the TV series "Tetsu Ota Michiko, 20,000 km" is dedicated to this station
# Aizu-Sanson-Dōjō Station

Aizu-Sanson-Dōjō Station (会津山村道場駅, Aizu-Sanson-Dōjō-eki) is a railway station on the Aizu Railway Aizu Line in the town of Minamiaizu, Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Aizu Railway.

## Lines

Aizu-Sanson-Dōjō Station is served by the Aizu Line, and is located 50.1 rail kilometers from the official starting point of the line at Nishi-Wakamatsu.

## Station layout

Aizu-Sanson-Dōjō Station has a single side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## History

Aizu-Sanson-Dōjō Station opened on July 19, 2001.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 121
# Ryūōkyō Station

Ryūōkyō Station (龍王峡駅, Ryūōkyō-eki) is a railway station on the Yagan Railway Aizu Kinugawa Line in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi, Japan, operated by the Yagan Railway.

## Lines

Ryūōkyō Station is served by the Yagan Railway Aizu Kinugawa Line and is located 1.7 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Shin-Fujiwara Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of a single side platform, serving traffic in both directions, with half of the platform located within a tunnel.

## History

Ryūōkyō Station opened on October 9, 1986.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 121
* Ryūōkyō Gorge
# Orthwein Mansion

The Orthwein Mansion is a historic mansion in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States. It sits at 15 Portland Place, near the northeastern corner of Forest Park.
The mansion was built c. 1900, for William D. Orthwein, a German immigrant. It was designed in the Neoclassical architectural style, by Frederick Widmann, FAIA (1859-1925), Robert W. Walsh, FAIA (1860-c.1929) and Caspar D. Boisselier.
William D. Orthwein, his wife Emily, and their family lived there for 27 years. Their son William R. Orthwein was living there when he competed at the 1904 Summer Olympics, held in St. Louis, in the freestyle and backstroke swimming and water polo, winning bronze medals in the 4x50-yard freestyle relay and water polo.
The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 12, 1974.
# Shin-Takatoku Station

Shin-Takatoku Station (新高徳駅, Shin-Takatoku-eki, lit. "New-Takatoku Station") is a railway station in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tōbu Railway. The station is numbered "TN-53".

## Lines

Shin-Takatoku Station is served by the Tōbu Kinugawa Line, with direct services to and from Asakusa in Tokyo, and lies 7.3 km from the starting point of the line at Shimo-Imaichi.
The station was formerly also the terminus of the 23.5 km Tobu Yaita Line, which operated from Yaita on the Tohoku Main Line between 1 March 1924 and 30 June 1959.

## Station layout

The station consists of a single island platform serving two tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Tōbu Kinugawa Line | for Shimo-Imaichi |
| 2 | ■ Tōbu Kinugawa Line | for Kinugawa-Onsen |

## History

The station opened on 1 November 1917 as Takatoku Station (高徳駅). It was renamed Shin-Takatoku on 22 October 1929.
From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on Tōbu lines, with Shin-Takatoku Station becoming "TN-53".
The platform and passenger shelter on the platform received protection by the national government as a Registered Tangible Cultural Property in 2017.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 335 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Kinugawa River
* National Route 121
* Fujiwara-Takatoku Post Office
# William R. Orthwein Jr.

William R. Orthwein Jr. (February 12, 1917 - June 1, 2011) was an American businessman and philanthropist.

## Early life

William R. Orthwein Jr. was born February 12, 1917. His father, William R. Orthwein, was a lawyer who competed in water polo at the 1904 Summer Olympics, and his mother, Nina Kent Baldwin, was a schoolteacher. He had two brothers, Robert Baldwin Orthwein and David Kent Orthwein. His paternal grandfather, William D. Orthwein (1841–1925), was a German-born grain merchant in St. Louis.
Orthwein was educated at the Rossman School and the St. Louis Country Day School. He graduated from Yale University, where he received a degree in business in 1938.

## Business career

Orthwein started his career as a salesman for the General American Life Insurance, now part of MetLife. In 1942, he joined McDonnell Douglas, now Boeing. He served as the president and chairman of one of its subsidiaries, the McDonnell Automation Co., from 1970 to 1982., and served on its board of directors until his death on June 1, 2011.
Additionally, Orthwein served on the boards of directors of the Mercantile Bancorporation and the Microdata Corporation.

## Philanthropy

Orthwein was a generous philanthropist in St. Louis, Missouri. Over the years, he and his wife donated millions of dollars to the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, Saint Louis Science Center, the Missouri Botanical Garden, and the Saint Louis Zoo, where they established the Orthwein Animal Nutrition Center. Orthwein served on the Boards of Trustees of the Boy Scouts of America, the Missouri Historical Society, the United Fund (now the United Way), and St. Luke's Hospital. He also endowed the William R. Orthwein chair at the Washington University School of Law.
Orthwein and his wife founded the William R. and Laura Rand Orthwein Foundation 2004, which had US$33 million under assets by 2009. Through the foundation, Orthwein donated US$2.5 million to the Yale School of Medicine to support scholarship in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences in 2007. In 2015, posthumously, the foundation donated US$1 million to 'The Muny', an outdoors amphitheater in St. Louis.

## Personal life

Orthwein married Laura Hale Rand, the daughter of Frank C. Rand, and the 1938 Queen at the Veiled Prophet Ball. They resided in Clayton, Missouri. They had three daughters: Laura Orthwein, known later as Laura Shaw Murra and as Laura X, who was 1959 Veiled Prophet Queen.

## Death

Orthwein died of pneumonia on June 1, 2011, in Clayton. His funeral took place at the Second Presbyterian Church in St. Louis, Missouri.