OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brookesiinae

The Family Chamaeleonidae was divided into two subfamilies, Brookesiinae and Chamaeleoninae, by Klaver and Böhme in 1986. Under this classification, Brookesiinae included the genera Brookesia and Rhampholeon, as well as the genera later split off from them (Palleon and Rieppeleon). The Brookesiinae are small, often brown in colour, and occur in central Africa and Madagascar. They have terrestrial habits, or may be found in the lower levels of shrubs. Since its erection in 1986, however, the validity of this subfamily designation has been the subject of much debate, although most phylogenetic studies support the notion that the pygmy chameleons of the subfamily Brookesiinae are not a monophyletic group. While some authorities have previously preferred to use the subfamilial classification on the basis of the absence of evidence principal, these authorities later abandoned this subfamilial division, no longer recognizing any subfamilies with the family Chamaeleonidae. In 2015, however, Glaw reworked the subfamilial division by placing only the genera Brookesia and Palleon within the Brookesiinae subfamily, with all other genera being placed in Chamaeleoninae.

## Classification

The two genera currently included in the subfamily are:
Subfamily Brookesiinae
* Genus Brookesia
* Genus Palleon

## Footnotes

* ↑ Klaver, C. & Böhme, W. (1986). "Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology". Bonner Zoologische Monographien. 22: 1–64.
* 1 2 Tilbury, Colin (2010). Chameleons of Africa, An Atlas including the chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Frankfurt: Edition Chimaira.
* ↑ Townsend, T. & Larson, A. (2002). "Molecular phylogenetics and mitochondrial genomic evolution in the Chamaeleonidae (Reptilia, Squamata)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (1): 22–36. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1076. PMID 12182400.
* ↑ Raxworthy CJ, Forstner MR, Nussbaum RA (2002). "Chameleon radiation by oceanic dispersal" (PDF). Nature. 415 (6873): 784–787. Bibcode:2002Natur.415..784R. doi:10.1038/415784a. hdl:2027.42/62614. PMID 11845207. S2CID 4422153.
* ↑ Townsend TM, Tolley KA, Glaw F, Böhme W, Vences M (2011). "Eastward from Africa: Palaeocurrent-mediated chameleon dispersal to the Seychelles islands". Biology Letters. 7 (2): 225–228. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0701. PMC 3061160. PMID 20826471.
* ↑ Tolley KA, Townsend TM, Vences M (2013). "Large-scale phylogeny of chameleons suggests African origins and Eocene diversification". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 280 (1759): 20130184. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0184. PMC 3619509. PMID 23536596.
* ↑ Tilbury, Colin (2014). "Overview of the Systematics of the Chamaeleonidae". In Tolley, Krystal A.; Herrel, Anthony (eds.). The Biology of Chameleons. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 151–174. ISBN 978-0-520-27605-5.
* ↑ Glaw, F. (2015). "Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". Vertebrate Zoology. 65 (2): 167–246.
# Chesapeake Arboretum

36°44′37.3″N 76°14′12.1″W﻿ / ﻿36.743694°N 76.236694°W﻿ / 36.743694; -76.236694
Chesapeake Arboretum (48 acres) is a non-profit arboretum located at 624 Oak Grove Road, Chesapeake, Virginia. It is open daily without charge.
The arboretum was established in 1996, and currently consists of a mature hardwood forest with good trail system, farmhouse, and theme and demonstration gardens.
The Chesapeake Arboretum trail system is approximately 45 acres and is some 3.5 miles (5.6 km) in total length.
A perennial stream, Starr Run, runs through the trail system and is crossed by 11 bridges.
# Chesterfield Gorge (Massachusetts)

Chesterfield Gorge is a nature reserve located in Chesterfield, Massachusetts, United States. The property is owned by The Trustees of Reservations, who have administered the property since 1929.
Chesterfield Gorge was initially carved from the metamorphic bedrock by torrents of glacial meltwater. Today, the gorge continues to be shaped by the East Branch of the Westfield River. The walls of the gorge are quite steep, more than 30 feet (9.1 m) in some places. During periods of low water, it is possible to get down to the floor of the gorge, but it is not recommended, and no trails exist from the cliff edge to the bottom. Rock climbing is prohibited. The surrounding forest features oak, pine, and hemlock, and is home to bears, bobcats, and turkeys, among many others. A half-mile trail along the cliff top offers views of the gorge, the river, and the forest. A railing runs along the length of the cliff for safety. Along the cliff ledge are fields of boulders, some of which are quite massive.
Stone abutments of a bridge that once spanned the river are all that remain of the old post road between Boston, Massachusetts and Albany, New York. A toll gate was established at its eastern end, but no trace of it exists today. During the American Revolution, British redcoats marched over this bridge to Boston following General Burgoyne's defeat at Saratoga, New York. In 1835, floodwaters swept away the bridge along with some nearby grist and sawmills. A short trail leads along the river upstream from the gorge to the remains of the old bridge. A more extensive trail network extends southward down the river, through the Hiram H. Fox Wildlife Management Area and towards Knightville Dam.
Chesterfield Gorge is the entrance to an extensive natural area along the Westfield River, and is designated a National Wild and Scenic River. Fly fishing for trout is a popular pastime. Atlantic salmon are stocked here, and must not be confused with the local trout, as it is illegal to keep them if caught.
There is, coincidentally, a similar natural area named Chesterfield Gorge located in Chesterfield, New Hampshire.
# Christy Woods

Christy Woods (17 acres (6.9 ha)) is an arboretum and botanical garden located on the southwest corner of the Ball State University campus in Muncie, Indiana, with special focus on Indiana's native plants and ecosystems.
Christy Woods was part of the original land gift to the State of Indiana from the Ball Brothers in 1918. Dr. O. B. Christy worked with his biology classes to transplant wild flowers from around the state of Indiana into the woods. In 1928, trails and garden beds were created, at the suggestion of J.J. Porter of Cornell University
Today approximately three-fourths of the area is covered by mature forest, dominated by a mixture of oak, hickory, ash, walnut, hackberry, and maple. Christy Woods is also home to Ball State University's four greenhouses, the Rinard Orchid Greenhouse, home of the Wheeler Orchid Collection and Species Bank, the Teaching and Research Greenhouse where the University's teaching collection for students to study is housed, the Herb Greenhouse, where herbs used by the University's Dining Services are grown and the Environmental Studies greenhouse, used for plant propagation and aquatic research.
# Chuck River Wilderness

Chuck River Wilderness is a 74,298-acre (30,067 ha) wilderness area located within the Tongass National Forest in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was designated by the United States Congress in 1990.
Located at the head of Windham Bay, Chuck River Wilderness is adjacent to the Tracy Arm-Fords Terror Wilderness. The Chuck River flows northward from its headwaters near Port Houghton through dense forest with thick vegetation before emptying into Windham Bay where the historic Chuck Mining Camp operated until the 1920s. There is private land in the lower river and in portions of the bay where there was once a small settlement.
# Cleveland Barrens Natural Area Preserve

Cleveland Barrens Natural Area Preserve is a 1,288-acre (5.21 km$^2$) Natural Area Preserve located within the Clinch River Valley in Russell County, Virginia.
The preserve protects several dolomite barrens, a globally rare natural community. These areas are typically small, natural openings in otherwise forested landscapes, characterized by thin calcareous soils, dry conditions, and exposed bedrock including limestone or dolomite. At the Cleveland Barrens Natural Area Preserve, four such barrens are found on steep, southwest-facing slopes; these barrens are dominated by various warm-season grasses, such as indiangrass, big bluestem, and little bluestem. Thirteen rare plant species and three rare insect species make use of the habitat found in the preserve.
The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. It does not include improvements for public access, and visitors must make arrangements with a state-employed land steward prior to visiting.
# Cliff Stephens Park

Cliff Stephens Park is in Pinellas County, Florida. It is managed as part of the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Located at 600 Fairwood Avenue in Clearwater, Florida, it is 44 acres (180,000 m$^2$) in size. The park provides for stormwater and flood management, and includes trails for bicycling, hiking and inline skating, as well as opportunities for boating, fishing, frisbee golf, a 19 station exercise course, and picnic area.
# Clymer Meadow Preserve

Clymer Meadow Preserve is a Nature Conservancy preserve located in the Blackland Prairie region of north Texas. As of 2021 the area covers about 1400 acres but with the occasional acquisition of new land the preserve slowly continues to expand.

## Habitats

The Clymer Meadow Preserve protects one of the largest remaining areas of tallgrass prairie in Texas including two globally imperilled plant communities: Little Bluestem-Indiangrass and Gamagrass-Switchgrass community series types.
# Cold Water Spring State Preserve

43°26′28″N 91°57′37″W﻿ / ﻿43.44111°N 91.96028°W﻿ / 43.44111; -91.96028 Cold Water Spring State Preserve is a 60-acre (240,000 m$^2$) parcel state preserve protecting a spring that issues from Cold Water Cave, an extensive cave system in Winneshiek County, Iowa and Fillmore County, Minnesota. The spring is a tributary of the Upper Iowa River.
The cave system contains a large underground creek that courses around much of the cave's nearly 16 miles (26 km) of passages. The cave system has some unusual features such as its expansion rate, which is higher than most caves. It also has relatively low amounts of oxygen and high amounts of carbon dioxide. In 1987, the Cold Water Cave was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
There are two entries; both are on private property.
Coldwater Creek Wildlife Management Area is a state hunting ground near Bluffton, and is near to the cave system.
The cave is located in the Driftless Area of Iowa and Minnesota, a region characterized by karst topography, which involves disappearing streams, blind valleys, sinkholes, caves, cold springs, and cold streams, all of which are present here.

## Sources

* Cold Water Spring State Preserve Retrieved July 22, 2007
* Karstpreserve.com, retrieved July 22, 2007
* Interview with John Ackerman, July, 2003, retrieved July 22, 2007
# Framfylkingen

Framfylkingen is the children's and families' organisation of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Norwegian: Landsorganisasjonen (LO)), the activities of which include popular education and socialist education. Earlier it was closely associated also with the Norwegian Labour Party.
Framfylkingen is member of the International Falcon Movement - Socialist Education International as well as the association of labour children's movements in Nordic countries, ABN. It is involved in children's policy issues and focuses on adherence to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It also acts as an environmental as well as an outdoorsman organisation which sees the importance of teaching children and adolescents about the intrinsic value of enjoying and caring about nature. Political issues which Framfylkingen works with include poverty, child labour, cultural diversity and international solidarity.
The name consists of two parts, fram, meaning "forward", and fylking which is a term which denotes an organisation and which is commonly associated with the labour movement in Norway (e.g. the Workers' Youth League, Norwegian: Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking – AUF).

## History

Framfylkingen was founded in 1934 following a decision at the Labour Party congress the year before. The initiative was intended to provide an alternative to leisure activities which Christian and bourgeois organisations, such as the boy scouts, had to offer. The children were to experience cooperation instead of competition. The different chapters had an adult leader. Framfylkingen is a venue where the children can participate alone, although parents are also welcome to take part. It was the first children's organisation to introduce a member democracy where the children were included.
In the 1933 charter it states "the aim of framfylkingen is to create a public socialist outdoor organisation with parallel chores, which coincide with the interests of young people. Dexterous deeds and socialist cultural work shall go hand in hand, and in addition it will participate in international peace work."
In today's Norwegian society Framfylkingen is not associated with a political party. Its current status within the Confederation of Trade Unions came about in 1977. This means that it is an organisation for all the trade union movement as well as the labour movement in Norway.

## Sources

* Paul Engstad Fram i freidig, munter skare : Framfylkingen 50 år Framfylkingens venner : Tiden, 1984
# Scotland's Burning

"Scotland's Burning", also known in England as "London's Burning", is a variant of a song and nursery rhyme popular with children.

## Words

The song can be sung as a round when each part starts two bars after the previous one. It may be an example of a nursery rhyme with tragic or violent themes. The London lyrics are said to be about the Great Fire of London, a five-day fire in the city of London in 1666. The first notation of a round in this theme dates from 1580. The Scotland lyrics are said to be about the Burning of Edinburgh in 1544, ordered by Henry VIII of England.
The lyrics are alluded to in William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew, Act 4, scene 1, when Grumio asks Curtis to prepare a warm fire for guests.
In the Netherlands the song is known as "Brand in Mokum [nl]" ("Fire in Amsterdam"), which is said to refer to the Amsterdam revolt against Napoleon in 1813.

## Musical scores

* "Scotland's Burning" (1580) Play
* "London's Burning" Play
* "Scotland's Burning" in duple meter. Play
# Coskata-Coatue Wildlife Refuge

The Coskata-Coatue Wildlife Refuge is a nature preserve on Nantucket Island and is managed by the Trustees of Reservations. It encompasses miles of beaches, the largest red cedar woodland in New England and Great Point Light. The reservation began with an acquisition of land in 1974.
The Refuge has had significant funding and focus on adaptation to climate change, with managed retreat and coastal management strategies, and was profiled in the America Adapts podcast.
# Crowberry Bog

Crowberry Bog is an ombrotrophic raised bog on the Olympic Peninsula.
# Forest–Moraine Residential Historic District

Forest–Moraine Residential Historic District is a national historic district located at Hammond, Lake County, Indiana. The district encompasses 108 contributing buildings in an exclusively residential section of Hammond. It developed between about 1913 and 1950, and includes notable example of Renaissance Revival, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and English Cottage style residential architecture.
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
# Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area

The Dean Creek Wildlife Area (or Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area) is a wildlife management area located near Reedsport, Oregon, United States. Jointly managed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and the United States Bureau of Land Management, it is the year-round residence for a herd of Roosevelt elk.

## History

Elk have inhabited the location that is now the Dean Creek Wildlife Area since the 1930s. During that time, native salt marshes were drained and freshwater allowed to irrigate the site's grasslands. Originally used for cattle grazing by area farmers, the Bureau of Land Management, in partnership with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, took over management of the site in 1991.
The same year, an outdoor, covered interpretive center was constructed at the site. The O.H. Hinsdale Interpretive Center was built at a cost of $85,000 and was named after a Reedsport-area community leader. Funds to finance the center were privately raised by a local community group. In addition to the interpretive center, the site also includes restrooms and several viewing platforms.

## Geography

The 1,040 acres (4.2 km$^2$) are roughly divided between pasture and woodland. The pasture (with some wetlands) covers about 440 acres (180 ha) of the area and is generally visible from the road. The remaining 600 acres (240 ha) of the wildlife area comprise mainly conifer trees and other hardwoods.

## Fauna

The Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area is the year-round residence for a herd of about 100 Roosevelt elk. A mild winter climate and abundant food allow the Roosevelt elk to remain at the Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area all year. In addition to the elk, beaver, muskrat, and Canada geese all spend some time at Dean Creek, as do coyotes, red-legged frogs, and the great blue heron. Migrating ducks use the Dean Creek Elk Viewing Area as a rest stop on their long journeys between winter and summer homes, and resident waterfowl raise their young at Dean Creek during the summer.
# Deep Creek Preserve

Deep Creek Preserve is located in DeSoto County. The 2,000-acre (8.1 km$^2$) area serves as a water conservation resource and offers opportunities for a range of activities. It is located at 10797 SW Peace River Street in Arcadia. It is part of the Southwest Florida Water Management District.
Habitats include pine flatwoods, freshwater marsh, and wet prairie. There are also ridges of oak scrub and scrubby flatwoods.
# Deep Run Ponds Natural Area Preserve

Deep Run Ponds Natural Area Preserve is a 907-acre (3.67 km$^2$) Natural Area Preserve in Rockingham County, Virginia. The preserve contains one of the largest remaining systems of Shenandoah Valley sinkhole ponds in Virginia. Such ponds are found in Rockingham and Augusta counties; their water levels fluctuate throughout the year. The preserve's eight sinkhole ponds support a variety of rare plant and animal life; two ponds support the rare Virginia sneezeweed (Helenium virginicum), while others contain black-fruited spikerush (Eleocharis melanocarpa), northern St. John's-wort (Hypericum boreale), Buxbaum's sedge (Carex buxbaumi), and northern bog clubmoss (Lycopodiella inundata).
The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. It does not include improvements for public access, and visitors must make arrangements with a state-employed land steward prior to visiting.
# Difficult Creek Natural Area Preserve

Difficult Creek Natural Area Preserve is an 819-acre (3.31 km$^2$) Natural Area Preserve located in Halifax County, Virginia. The preserve aims to restore a portion of Virginia's southern Piedmont to pre-settlement conditions, when the region was dominated by savannas maintained through a natural fire regime. These savannas featured open, prairie-like areas with scattered pines and hardwoods. Management of the preserve includes utilizing prescribed burns and removing loblolly pine plantations to restore the former landscape. Several rare plants, remnants of the original prairie vegetation, survived by colonizing roadsides and power lines; these plants are now protected and encouraged within the preserve.
The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, and is open to the public. The preserve includes about two miles (3.2 km) of fire breaks which may be used by hikers.
# Foscue and Simmons Plantations

Foscue and Simmons Plantations, also known as Foscue Plantation, is a historic plantation house and adjoining farm complexes and national historic district located near Pollocksville, Jones County, North Carolina. The district encompasses seven contributing buildings, four contributing sites, one contributing structure, and one contributing object. The Federal style Foscue Plantation House was built about 1821-1825 and is separately listed. Among the other contributing resources are the farm landscape, Foscue Cemetery (1849-1918), Brick Vault Site (1814-1853), four tobacco barns, Marl Pits/Ponds (c. 1940), Italianate style Simmons Cottage (c. 1870–1878), Simmons Tenant House #1 (c. 1920–1940), Marl Dredger (c. 1940), and bungalow style Christopher Stephens Simmons House (c. 1918–1920).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
# Eagle Rock Reservation

Eagle Rock Reservation is a 408.33-acre (165.25 ha) forest reserve and recreational park in the First Watchung Mountain of New Jersey (U.S.), located in the communities of West Orange, Montclair, and Verona. The land is owned and administered by the Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs.
The reservation is named after the Eagle Rock, a bare rock looking down from the mountain, which marks the boundary between the towns of Montclair and West Orange, New Jersey. The Lenape Trail passes through the reservation. There are many streams that flow throughout the reservation. The forests are home to abundant wildlife, including deer and occasionally bears.
Also located on the grounds of the reservation is a restaurant and special event location called Highlawn Pavilion. The building was once a casino, in the old sense of the word meaning country house, which had various functions through the years, including as a place for refreshments.

## 9/11 memorial

After the September 11 terrorist attacks, residents of nearby communities gathered to view the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Center. Because of this, on October 20, 2002, Essex County Executive James W. Treffinger, along with many local residents and dignitaries, dedicated a section of the reservation, which overlooks the Manhattan skyline, to a memorial built in honor of those killed during the attacks. The names of all who perished at the World Trade Center or on the two planes that crashed into the twin towers are permanently inscribed in a marble memorial.
# El Sereno Open Space Preserve

El Sereno Open Space Preserve is a park unit of the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District located on the peak and slopes of 2580 ft. El Sereno mountain, a peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The preserve is located in Santa Clara County, California.

## Location

The city of Monte Sereno, California is named after El Sereno mountain. A portion of the city is built on the foothills of the mountain. El Sereno mountain is paired with El Sombroso mountain on each side of Los Gatos, California.

## Geology

The San Andreas Fault runs in the valley immediately to the south of the mountain. The Berrocal fault zone runs under the mountain's northern slope. A small, unnamed fault runs in the small valley that leads down to Canon Dr. The northern slope forms the headwaters of San Tomas Aquino Creek.

## Views

The preserve offers visitors views of Silicon Valley, Los Gatos, California and Lexington Reservoir. The Monterey peninsula can be seen in the distance.

## Trails

Limited parking is available at the end of Montevina Rd. The Montevina Ridge Trail from there connects to both Bolhman Road and the Aquinas Trail. Aquinas Trail goes from the Montevina Ridge Trail to Sheldon Road, the Serenity Trail and the Loma Vista Trail. The Serenity Trail goes to the base of a power pole overlooking Lexington Reservoir. The Loma Vista Trail goes to Overlook Drive. The Overlook Trail connects nearby from one spot on Overlook Drive to another spot on Overlook Drive, and permit parking is available on the westernmost of these spots.

## Cougar habitat

El Sereno mountain is a habitat for the Cougar. Signs at the entrance to the preserve warn visitors.