OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Film Company

The Alexander Film Company produced films to be shown during intermission in movie theaters.
The Alexander Film Company was founded in 1919 in Spokane, Washington and later based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It produced films that were shown during the intermission at movie theaters. These films were a mixture of announcements and paid advertisements.

## History

The Alexander Film Company was once the world's largest producer of theater film advertising for a time during its earlier years. In today's movie theaters, theater film advertising is what is shown before the trailers which are shown before the featured film. While the Alexander Film Co. only made a whopping $2.50 in its first year, the use of advertisements in local movie theaters quickly gained acceptance from theater owners and businesses nationwide. The use of theater advertising grew so rapidly in the early twenties that Alexander Film Co. decided to relocate to a larger studio in Englewood, Colorado in 1923 and then again in 1928 to an even larger lot in Colorado Springs. Although Alexander received major success for a little while, it wasn't until the popularity of the Filmack Trailer Company, which would officially become the nation's largest producer of both theatrical and commercial film advertising by 1937.
By the early-1950s, Alexander produced an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 advertisement films a year and had a library covering over 8,200 different subjects. Alexander competed against other giant theater advertising companies, such as Filmack, National Screen Service, United Film Services, and Summit Screen Services, among others. In its heyday, Alexander Film Company's lot hosted 32 full-size motion picture sets, modern film, and audio laboratories, a sound recording department, an art department capable of creating cartoon animation, stop motion, backgrounds, and other special movie effects, an engineering department, and a full-service print shop. To run this massive complex, Alexander employed over 600 people locally and the annual payroll exceeded $2.5 million. A client list included a "who's who" of the nation's leading manufacturers including General Motors, Ford, U.S. Rubber, Philco, and Seven-Up. Regional offices were established in Dallas, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.
The late-1950s saw the remarkable collapse of Alexander Film Co. through the advent of television and the closing of many local theaters throughout the country. What dealt the most crippling blow, however, was the fact that Alexander was a non-union shop which caused them to be "blacklisted" by industry professionals making it impossible for national advertisers to use Alexander-produced commercials. According to surviving employees, after the Alexander Film Company became unionized in the mid-1960s, the plant lost much of the spirit of family that had previously existed between the employees and management.
# Swedish Royal Society Pro Patria

The Swedish Royal Society Pro Patria (Swedish: Kungliga sällskapet Pro Patria) is a Swedish charitable organisation under royal protection since 1775 (King Gustav III), with the purpose of making contributions to education and care of the needy, and by granting wearable medals with royal crown and portrait, rewarding socially beneficial activities as well as long and faithful service.
# Julia de Lacy Mann

Julia de Lacy Mann (22 August 1891 – 23 May 1985) was an English economic historian. She was principal of St Hilda's College, Oxford, for 27 years, from 1928 to 1955.

## Early life and education

Julia de Lacy Mann was born in London on 22 August 1891, the daughter of James Saumarez Mann, a classical scholar, and Amy Bowman Mann, the daughter of a classical scholar. Julia's only sibling, James Saumarez Mann, was killed by a sniper in Iraq in 1920.
Like her grandfather, father, and brother, Julia de Lacy Mann read classics, from 1910 to 1914, at Somerville College, Oxford. She earned a social science certificate from the London School of Economics in 1915. After World War I, she returned to Somerville for further study and a diploma in economics.

## Career

Mann worked briefly at the University Women's Settlement in Southwark, London, in 1914. During World War I, Mann worked as a clerk at the Foreign Office. She was assigned as a staff member at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. After the war, her career was mainly in academia, beginning as an economics tutor at St Hilda's College in 1923. She was principal of St Hilda's from 1928 until she retired from that position in 1955.
Mann was assistant editor of the Economic History Review from 1927 to 1934. From 1934 to 1946, she compiled an annual list of books and articles on British economic history for the journal. Among her scholarly publications were The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, 1600–1780 (1931, with Alfred P. Wadsworth), and The Cloth Industry in the West of England from 1640 to 1880 (1971).
In retirement, Mann lived at Melksham, Wiltshire, and continued her historical research and writing. She served as president of the West Wilshire Historical Society. An edited collection of textile histories was published in her honour in 1973.
Brian Harrison recorded an oral history interview with Mann, in May 1976, as part of the Suffrage Interviews project, titled Oral evidence on the suffragette and suffragist movements: the Brian Harrison interviews. The interview uses the name Miss J de L Mann. She talks about her time at Oxford, her subsequent career, and how she got to know Kathleen Courtney – whom she describes as her second cousin – and the Courtney family.
Julia de Lacy Mann died in 1985, aged 93, in Melksham.
# Fist

A fist is the shape of a hand when the fingers are bent inward against the palm and held there tightly. To make or clench a fist is to fold the fingers tightly into the center of the palm and then to clamp the thumb over the middle phalanges; in contrast to this "closed" fist, one keeps the fist "open" by holding the thumb against the side of the index finger. One uses the closed fist to punch the lower phalanges against a surface, or to pound with the little-finger side of the hand's heel; one uses the open fist to knock with the middle knuckle of the middle finger.
Speakers of some English dialects may use the word "nieve" or "neef" to refer to a fist.

## Physiology and neurology

Making a fist is virtually unknown among other primates. This is because while "most primate hands are long of palm and finger [and] short of thumb", the proportions are the opposite for humans.
At least one study has claimed that the clenching of one's fist can be used to recall information.
Some studies have shown that making fists can help humans to cope with stress or anxiety because the mind gets preoccupied with the tightening of the muscle to focus on the issue at hand.

## Boxing

Formation of a fist for the purpose of punching is the most basic knowledge taught in the sport of boxing. Fists are taught in martial arts like karate, kung fu, and taekwondo for the process of punching and striking. Fight 100% says "more than 90% of the people actually don't know how to make a fist correctly", and adds that correct formation means the user "won't break [their] hand", "won't strain their wrist", will "be able to launch very powerful punches", and "be able to knock someone out in one punch".
Improper formation of the fist while punching or striking an object can cause bruising and broken small bones in the hand known as Boxer's fracture. Boxer's Fracture occurs when metacarpals or small bones in the hand break on the side of the pinky and ring finger. The name derives from the fact that such injuries are most common in boxers and practitioners of other fighting arts.

## Other uses

The raised fist is also a symbol of rebellion, militance, resistance and unity.
Various phenomena include the term "fist" in their name, such as the sexual act of fisting and the fist bump greeting.
Pounding one's fist on the table is often done when frustrated. In 1983, Don Francis was at a meeting with the CDC to discuss about the transmission of AIDS through blood transfusions. When his colleagues ignored the warnings, Don Francis pounded his fist on the table demanding to know, how many deaths did we need before we acted?
# St. Patrick's Parish Complex

St. Patrick's Parish Complex is a historic church building, with associated rectory and cemetery, located at Northfield Church and Whitmore Lake Roads in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976. The complex is significant both because of its historical association with the early Irish Catholics in the area, and because of the architecturally important Gothic revival church.

## History

In the early 19th century, a number of Irish Catholics began settling in this area of Michigan. In 1829, Kilkenny, Ireland native Father Patrick O'Kelly was dispatched to the area to minister to the growing community. The property upon which the present church now stands was purchased in 1831, and a log structure was constructed to serve as the first parish church. The parish was originally named "St. Brigid," and is the oldest English-speaking Catholic parish in the state.
Construction on the current church building was begun in 1875 and completed in 1878; the parish was renamed "St. Patrick's" at that time. A rectory was added in 1889–90. In 1917, a tornado badly damaged both the church and the rectory; both were rebuilt. The church is still used for weekly services.

## Description

The St. Patrick's Parish complex contains a church with associated cemetery and rectory. The church is a red brick Gothic revival structure on a rough-hewn stone foundation. The façade of the church is symmetric, with a square central tower surmounted by an octagonal spire. The entrance is through a gabled projection at the base of the tower. A lancet window pierces the tower, and similar windows run along the building sides.
The nearby rectory is a two-story center entrance brick structure.
# Shimanoseki Station

Shimanoseki Station (島ノ関駅, Shimanoseki-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Keihan Electric Railway.

## Lines

Shimanoseki Station is a station of the Ishiyama Sakamoto Line, and is 6.0 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Ishiyamadera.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed unnumbered side platforms connected by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

## Platforms

| Station side | ■ Ishiyama Sakamoto Line | for Biwako-Hamaōtsu and Sakamoto-hieizanguchi |
| Opposite side | ■ Ishiyama Sakamoto Line | for Ishiyamadera |

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line |||||
| Ishiba | Ishiba | - | Biwako-hamaotsu | Biwako-hamaotsu |

## History

Shimanoseki Station was opened on March 1, 1913.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 1121 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Shiga Prefectural Police Headquarters / Shiga Prefectural Public Safety Commission
* Shiga Prefectural Lake Biwa Cultural Center
* Lake Otsu Nagisa Park
* Otsu Civic Hall
* Otsu City Chuo Elementary School
# Maynard Mountain

Maynard Mountain is a 4,137-foot (1,261 m) mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 3 mi (5 km) northwest of Whittier, Alaska, at the isthmus of the Kenai Peninsula, where the Chugach Mountains meet the Kenai Mountains. Nearby peaks include Bard Peak, 4.14 mi (7 km) to the south, and Begich Peak, 3.1 mi (5 km) to the west-northwest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the eastern aspect of the mountain rises up from the tidewater of Prince William Sound's Passage Canal in approximately one mile. Maynard Mountain is often seen and photographed in the background behind Portage Lake, a popular tourist and recreation destination. The Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel, often called the Whittier Tunnel, is a dual-use highway and railroad tunnel that passes through Maynard Mountain. With a length of 13,300 feet (4,100 meters), it is the second-longest highway tunnel and longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America.

## Etymology

The mountain was named by Chief Warrant Officer Robert G. Warns, US Army, in commemoration of his friend Robert L. Maynard, a fellow Army helicopter pilot who was killed April 27, 1964, when his CH-21 helicopter crashed on the nearby Portage Glacier while aiding victims of the Good Friday earthquake. The flight was in support of operation "Helping Hand", transporting personnel and supplies from Anchorage to the Port of Whittier. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted November 9, 1965, by the United States Geological Survey.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Maynard Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports permanent ice on the slopes of the mountain, as well as the Learnard Glacier on the northeast aspect. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.

## Gallery

* Maynard Mountain
* Maynard Mountain and Portage Lake
* Maynard Mountain seen from Whittier
* Maynard Mountain and Portage Lake
# McDonald Peak (Blaine County, Idaho)

McDonald Peak, at 10,068 feet (3,069 m) above sea level is a peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho. The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Blaine County. The peak is located 1.93 mi (3.11 km) southeast of Parks Peak, its line parent. It is southwest of Pettit Lake.
# Lysithea (moon)

Lysithea /laɪˈsɪθiə/ is a prograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson in 1938 at Mount Wilson Observatory and is named after the mythological Lysithea, daughter of Oceanus and one of Zeus' lovers.
Lysithea did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as Jupiter X. It was sometimes called "Demeter" from 1955 to 1975.
It belongs to the Himalia group, moons orbiting between 11 and 13 Gm from Jupiter at an inclination of about 28.3°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations. It is gray in color (B−V=0.72, V−R=0.36, V−I=0.74) and intermediate between C-type and P-type asteroids.
# Meekers Hill

Meekers Hill is a mountain located in the Catskill Mountains of New York southeast of Andes. Dingle Hill is located northwest, and Fords Hill is located northwest of Meekers Hill.
# Ōmori Station (Tokyo)

Ōmori Station (大森駅, Ōmori-eki) is a train station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) located in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan. It has the station number "JK18".

## History

The station opened on June 12, 1876.

## Station layout

| 1 | JK Keihin-Tōhoku Line | for Kamata, Kawasaki, and Yokohama JK Negishi Line for Ōfuna |
| 2 | JK Keihin-Tōhoku Line | for Shinagawa, Tokyo, Ueno, and Ōmiya |

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2013, the station was used by an average of 92,962 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the 43rd-busiest station operated by JR East. The daily passenger figures (boarding passengers only) in previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
| 2000 | 90,159 |
| 2005 | 88,049 |
| 2010 | 91,601 |
| 2011 | 90,946 |
| 2012 | 91,774 |
| 2013 | 92,962 |
# Meszler Hill

Meszler Hill is a summit located in Central New York Region of New York located in the Town of Western in Oneida County, northeast of Carmichael Hill.
# Metcalf Hill

Metcalf Hill is a mountain in the central New York region of New York by Pierstown. Metcalf Hill is named after Arunah Metcalf.
Orlando Metcalf was born on Metcalf Hill on August 17, 1797. His father Arunah Metcalf moved to Otsego County in 1794. Arunah Metcalf served as Otsego County Sheriff from 1806–1810.
# Meteorite Mountain

Meteorite Mountain is a prominent 6,565-foot (2,001 m) glaciated mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated 16 mi (26 km) southeast of Valdez, 9 mi (14 km) south of Hogback Ridge, and 9 mi (14 km) southeast of Mount Francis. In January 1927, a meteorite hit this mountain, which is how the mountain got its name. The mountain's name was in local use when it was first published in 1953 by U.S. Geological Survey. Precipitation runoff and meltwater from the mountain's glaciers drains into tributaries of the Lowe River, which in turn empties to Prince William Sound.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Meteorite Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing and climbing.
# Paraguay at the 1995 Pan American Games

The 12th Pan American Games were held in Mar del Plata, Argentina from March 11 to 26, 1995.

## Medals
### Silver
##### Athletics

* Men's Javelin Throw: Edgar Baumann

### Bronze
##### Taekwondo

* Women's Lightweight (– 60 kg): Paola Viveros

##### Karate

* Men's Kumite (Team): Paraguay

## Results by event
### Field hockey
#### Men's competition

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Argentina | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 42 | 3 | +39 | 11 |
| 2 | Canada | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 3 | +28 | 10 |
| 3 | United States | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 10 | +16 | 8 |
| 4 | Cuba | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 7 | +15 | 7 |
| 5 | Trinidad and Tobago | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 29 | −18 | 4 |
| 6 | Chile | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 19 | −11 | 2 |
| 7 | Paraguay | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 73 | −72 | 0 |

#### Women's competition

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | United States | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 1 | +28 | 11 |
| 2 | Argentina | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 1 | +25 | 11 |
| 3 | Canada | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 5 | +9 | 8 |
| 4 | Cuba | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 16 | −11 | 4 |
| 5 | Trinidad and Tobago | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 11 | −6 | 3 |
| 6 | Jamaica | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 14 | −12 | 3 |
| 7 | Paraguay | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 37 | −37 | 0 |

### Football
#### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Argentina | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | +4 | 7 |
| 2 | Paraguay | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 6 |
| 3 | Honduras | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 4 |
| 4 | United States | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | −9 | 0 |
| Paraguay | 2 - 0 | Honduras |
| United States | 0 - 2 | Paraguay |
| Argentina | 1 - 0 | Paraguay |

#### Quarterfinals

| Colombia | 2 - 0 | Paraguay |

### Handball
#### Men's Competitions

| Rank | Team |
| 1. | Cuba |
| 2. | Brazil |
| 3. | Argentina |
| 4. | United States |
| 5. | Paraguay |
| 6. | Puerto Rico |
# Benjamin Wood Richards

Benjamin Wood Richards (November 12, 1797 – July 12, 1851) was an American politician who served as the 59th mayor of Philadelphia in 1829 and a second time from 1830 to 1832.

## Early life and education

Richards was born in Batsto, New Jersey, on November 12, 1797, to Magaretta (Wood) and William Richards. In 1815, he graduated from Princeton University.

## Career

In 1819, he established Richards & Bispham, which became the largest commission house in Philadelphia. He served on the Philadelphia City Council and in 1827, served as a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. He was a proponent of the common school system and served on the first Board of Control of Public Schools for Philadelphia. He served as an original member of the City Board of Controllers and in 1829, was elected as a Canal Commissioner. He was appointed as a director of the United States Bank and the United States Mint by President Andrew Jackson.
He served as mayor of Philadelphia in 1829, after the resignation of George M. Dallas, and again from 1830 to 1832. After leaving office, Richards served as trustee of Girard College and the University of Pennsylvania. He founded the Girard Life Insurance, Annuity and Trust Company in 1836 and served as president. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society. He was one of the organizers of Laurel Hill Cemetery. He was a founder of the Asylum for the Blind and a director at the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.
He died in Philadelphia on July 12, 1851, and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery.

## Personal life

He married Sarah Ann Lippincott, daughter of Joshua Lippincott, in 1821, and together they had seven children.
His older half brother, Samuel Richards, was a prominent iron manufacturer in New Jersey during the early-mid 19th century.
# Acrossocheilus beijiangensis

Acrossocheilus beijiangensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Acrossocheilus from southern China. Its common name is the thick-lipped barbel. It can reach the length of 13.1 cm (5.2 in).
# FM/TV Mast Miłki

FM/TV Mast Giżycko/Miłki (Polish: RTCN Giżycko/Miłki) is a 327-metre (1,073 ft)-high guyed mast located at Miłki near Giżycko, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland, built in 1998. It was raised on the hill near the Wojnowo lake and is the 9th highest mast in Poland and the 2nd highest in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

## Transmitted programmes
### Digital television MPEG-4

| Multiplex Number | Programme in Multiplex | Frequency | Channel | Power ERP | Polarisation | Antenna Diagram | Modulation |
| MUX 1 | TVP1 Stopklatka TV TVP ABC TV Trwam Eska TV TTV Polo TV ATM Rozrywka | 650 MHz | 43 | 100 kW | Horizontal | ND | 64 QAM |
| MUX 2 | Polsat TVN TV4 TV Puls TVN 7 Puls 2 TV6 Super Polsat | 690 MHz | 48 | 100 kW | Horizontal | ND | 64 QAM |
| MUX 3 | TVP1 HD TVP2 HD TVP Olsztyn TVP Kultura TVP Historia TVP Polonia TVP Rozrywka TVP Info | 706 MHz | 50 | 90 kW | Horizontal | ND | 64 QAM |

### FM radio

| Program | Frequency | Transmission Power | Polarisation | Antenna Diagram |
| Polskie Radio Program I | 97,10 MHz | 6 kW | Vertical | ND |
| Polskie Radio Program II | 92,60 MHz | 10 kW | Vertical | ND |
| Polskie Radio Program III | 94,40 MHz | 10 kW | Vertical | ND |
| Polskie Radio Olsztyn | 99,60 MHz | 10 kW | Vertical | ND |
| RMF FM | 102,00 MHz | 10 kW | Vertical | ND |
| Radio ZET | 104,00 MHz | 10 kW | Vertical | ND |