# 1806–07 United States Senate elections

The 1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Democratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.

## Results summary

Senate party division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)
* Majority party: Democratic-Republican (28)
* Minority party: Federalist (6)
* Other parties: 0
* Total seats: 34

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

| DR$_7$ | DR$_6$ | DR$_5$ | DR$_4$ | DR$_3$ | DR$_2$ | DR$_1$ |
| DR$_8$ | DR$_9$ | DR$_{10}$ | DR$_{11}$ | DR$_{12}$ | DR$_{13}$ | DR$_{14}$ | DR$_{15}$ | DR$_{16}$ | DR$_{17}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | DR$_{18}$ |
| DR$_{27}$ Pa. Retired | DR$_{26}$ N.C. Retired | DR$_{25}$ Ohio Unknown | DR$_{24}$ Vt. Ran | DR$_{23}$ S.C. Ran | DR$_{22}$ N.Y. Ran | DR$_{18}$ | DR$_{21}$ Md. Ran | DR$_{20}$ Ky. Ran | DR$_{19}$ Ga. Ran |
| F$_7$ N.H. Retired | F$_6$ Conn. Ran | F$_5$ | F$_4$ | F$_3$ | F$_2$ | F$_1$ |

### Beginning of the next Congress

| DR$_7$ | DR$_6$ | DR$_5$ | DR$_4$ | DR$_3$ | DR$_2$ | DR$_1$ |
| DR$_8$ | DR$_9$ | DR$_{10}$ | DR$_{11}$ | DR$_{12}$ | DR$_{13}$ | DR$_{14}$ | DR$_{15}$ | DR$_{16}$ | DR$_{17}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | DR$_{18}$ |
| DR$_{27}$ Pa. Hold | DR$_{26}$ Ohio Hold | DR$_{25}$ N.C. Hold | DR$_{24}$ Md. Hold | DR$_{23}$ Ky. Hold | DR$_{22}$ Vt. Re-elected | DR$_{18}$ | DR$_{21}$ S.C. Re-elected | DR$_{20}$ N.Y. Re-elected | DR$_{19}$ Ga. Re-elected |
| DR$_{28}$ N.H. Gain | F$_6$ Conn. Re-elected | F$_5$ | F$_4$ | F$_3$ | F$_2$ | F$_1$ |
| Key: | DR$_#$ Democratic-Republican F$_#$ Federalist V$_#$ Vacant |

## Race summaries

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

### Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Georgia (Class 3) | James Jackson | Democratic- Republican | 1793 1795 (resigned) 1800 | Incumbent died March 19, 1806. New senator elected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) 41 ▌[FNU] Barnot (Unknown) 24 ▌[FNU] Telfair (Unknown) 13 |
| Kentucky (Class 3) | John Adair | Democratic- Republican | 1805 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election; see below. New senator elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican) 58 ▌George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 10 ▌John Pope (Federalist) 1 |
| Maryland (Class 3) | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | ▌Y Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican) 47 ▌William Hayward (Federalist) 33 |

### Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.
All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801 | Incumbent re-elected in 1807. | ▌Y Uriah Tracy (Federalist) [data missing] |
| Georgia | John Milledge | Democratic- Republican | 1806 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. | ▌Y John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| Kentucky | John Adair | Democratic- Republican | 1805 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent immediately resigned and a new senator was elected to finish the term; see above. | ▌Y John Pope (Democratic-Republican) 45 ▌John Adair (Democratic-Republican) 37 ▌Samuel Hopkins (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated |
| Maryland | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected in 1806 or 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above. | ▌Y Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| New Hampshire | William Plumer | Federalist | 1802 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain. | ▌Y Nahum Parker (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected February 3, 1807. | ▌Y John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 112 ▌John Jay (Federalist) 14 |
| North Carolina | David Stone | Democratic- Republican | 1800 | Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807). New senator elected in 1806 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) 102 ▌Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican) 56 ▌Benjamin Smith (Democratic-Republican) 9 ▌Thomas Davis (Unknown) Eliminated ▌John H. Binford (Unknown) Eliminated ▌David Stone (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated ▌[FNU] Capoe (Unknown) 1 Blank 1 |
| Ohio | Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 1, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Edward Tiffin (Democratic-Republican) 25 ▌Philemon Beecher (Federalist) 12 ▌John Bigger (Federalist) 2 ▌Return J. Meigs Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 2 ▌Tom Kinkey (Unknown) 1 ▌Tom Tuff (Unknown) 1 |
| Pennsylvania | George Logan | Democratic- Republican | 1801 (appointed) 1801 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 49.11% ▌Nathaniel Boileau (Democratic-Republican) 35.71% ▌John Steele (Democratic-Republican) 12.5% Not voting 2.68% |
| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot. | ▌Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 75 ▌Samuel Farrow (Democratic-Republican) 64 ▌Joseph Blythe Eliminated |
| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican | 1791 1795 (lost) 1801 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. | ▌Y Stephen R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 120 Others 60 |

### Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Vermont (Class 1) | Israel Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1802 | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. New senator elected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| Connecticut (Class 3) | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801 1807 | Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term, but declined the election. New senator elected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. | ▌Y Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 80 ▌A. Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 74 ▌Roger Griswold (Federalist) 17 ▌D. Humphrey (Federalist) 10 ▌J. C. Smith (Federalist) 2 ▌E. Boardman (Democratic-Republican) 1 ▌J. Davenport (Democratic-Republican) 1 |
| Rhode Island (Class 2) | James Fenner | Democratic- Republican | 1804 | Incumbent resigned September 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. New senator elected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Elisha Mathewson (Democratic-Republican) 57 ▌Jonathan Russell (Democratic-Republican) 18 ▌James Burrill Jr. (Federalist) 2 |
| Georgia (Class 2) | George Jones | Democratic- Republican | 1807 (appointed) | Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee lost re-election. New senator elected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) 59 ▌George Jones (Democratic-Republican) 27 |

## Georgia
### Georgia (special, class 2)

Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.

### Class 3

Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.

#### Georgia (special, class 3)

Democratic-Republican John Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.

#### Georgia (regular)

Milledge was later re-elected to the next term.

## Maryland

The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term of Robert Wright who resigned to become Governor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.
Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.