# 2008 Liverpool City Council election

Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 1 May 2008. One third of the council was up for election. (30 seats plus 1 in a by-election)
After the election, the composition of the council was
| Party | Seats | ± |
| Liberal Democrat | ?? | -5 |
| Labour | ?? | +4 |
| Liberal Party | 3 | 0 |
| Green | ?? | +1 |

## Election result

Liverpool Local Election Result 2008 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes |
| Liberal Democrats | 13 | 0 | 5 | -5 | 42% | 34% | 31,085 |
| Labour | 16 | 4 | 0 | +4 | 52% | 41% | 35,082 |
| Liberal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.2% | 7.6% | 6,874 |
| Green | 1 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 3.2% | 6.7% | 6,045 |
| Conservative | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 8.5% | 7,724 |
| BNP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 3.4% | 3,063 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.74% | 635 |
| UKIP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.08% | 70 |
| United Socialist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.078% | 67 |
| Socialist Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.067% | 58 |

## Ward results

* – Councillor standing for re-election.

### Allerton & Hunts Cross

Allerton & Hunts Cross :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Flo Clucas * | 1,605 | 48.56 | +3.74 |
| | Conservative | Adam Ernest Marsden | 737 | 22.30 | +4.20 |
| | Labour | Colin McAlley | 684 | 20.70 | +0.30 |
| | Green | Margaret Williams | 171 | 5.17 | +0.07 |
| | Liberal | Christopher Hulme | 108 | 3.27 | −0.93 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 868 | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,942 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,305 | 30% | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 11 | | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | | |

### Anfield

Anfield :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Brian Dowling | 1,521 | 52% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Robbie Quinn * | 1,077 | 37% |
| | Liberal | Stephen Houghland | 133 | 4.5% |
| | Conservative | Francis Stevens | 97 | 3.3% |
| | Green | Jean Hill | 96 | 3.3% |
| | Independent | Michael McDonough | 27 | 0.91 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 444 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,153 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,951 | 29% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 10 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Belle Vale

Belle Vale :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Claire Wilner | 1,673 | 46% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Tom Marshall * | 1,383 | 38% |
| | BNP | Peter Michael Molloy | 336 | 9.2% |
| | Conservative | Jack Stallworthy | 111 | 3% |
| | Green | Mark Bowman | 78 | 2.1% |
| | United Socialist | Paul Filby | 67 | 1.8% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 291 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,024 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,648 | 33% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 11 | |
| | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | |

### Central

Central :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Christine Banks | 722 | 61% |
| | Liberal Democrats | James Murray | 157 | 13% |
| | Green | Michael Cotgreave | 134 | 11% |
| | Conservative | Gregg Watson | 118 | 10% |
| | Liberal | Lisa Gaskell | 44 | 3.7% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 534 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,248 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,175 | 9.6% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 6 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Childwall

Childwall :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Eddie Clein * | 1,925 | 56% |
| | Labour | Peter Dowling | 711 | 21% |
| | Conservative | Chris Lighten | 490 | 14% |
| | Green | Geoff Bunn | 202 | 5.8% |
| | Liberal | Philip Daley | 140 | 4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,435 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,082 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,468 | 31% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 14 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Church

Church :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Erica Kemp * | 2,330 | 60% |
| | Labour | David Shepherd | 522 | 13% |
| | Conservative | Norman Coppell | 360 | 9.3% |
| | Green | Eleanor Martin | 286 | 7.4% |
| | Independent | Jeffrey Berman | 273 | 7% |
| | Liberal | James MacGregor | 100 | 2.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,970 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,699 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,871 | 36% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 10 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Clubmoor

Clubmoor :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Jim Noakes | 1,341 | 48% |
| | Liberal | Dennis Gaskell | 859 | 31% |
| | BNP | Peter Squire | 358 | 12% |
| | Conservative | Gwynneth Hicklin | 150 | 5.4% |
| | Green | Eleanor Pontin | 68 | 2.4% |
| | Independent | Maggie Stewart | 18 | 0.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 482 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,282 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2794 | 24.77 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 9 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### County

County :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Marilyn Fielding * | 1,196 | 43% |
| | Labour | Gerard Woodhouse | 1,189 | 42% |
| | BNP | Peter Stafford | 200 | 7% |
| | UKIP | Colin Windever | 70 | 2.5% |
| | Conservative | Paul Barber | 66 | 2.4% |
| | Green | Tony Jones | 48 | 1.7% |
| | Liberal | Roger Webb | 32 | 1.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 7 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,126 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,801 | 28% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 3 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Cressington

Cressington :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Paula Keaveney | 1,812 | 50% |
| | Labour | Anna Briggs | 792 | 22% |
| | Conservative | Paul Athans | 638 | 18% |
| | Green | Martin Randall | 262 | 7.3% |
| | Liberal | John Pagan | 108 | 3% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,020 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,192 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,612 | 32% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 9 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Croxteth

Croxteth :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Rose Bailey * | 1,810 | 52% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Stephen Geoghegan | 1,245 | 36% |
| | Independent | Ken Stewart | 171 | 4.9% |
| | BNP | George Muse | 109 | 3.1% |
| | Conservative | Diane Westwell | 88 | 2.5% |
| | Green | Don Ross | 77 | 2.2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 565 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,496 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,500 | 33% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 8 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Everton

Everton :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Frank Prendergast * | 1,678 | 72% |
| | BNP | Jackie Stafford | 222 | 9.5% |
| | Conservative | Mark Cotterell | 130 | 5.6% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Peter Rainford | 120 | 5.2% |
| | Green | Peter North | 102 | 4.4% |
| | Liberal | Linda Roberts | 78 | 3.4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,456 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,101 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,330 | 23% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 7 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Fazakerley

Fazakerley :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Jack Spriggs * | 1,811 | 58% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Graham Seddon | 608 | 19% |
| | BNP | Peter Stafford | 440 | 14% |
| | Conservative | Denise Nuttall | 154 | 4.9% |
| | Liberal | Jane Canning | 68 | 2.2% |
| | Green | Ralf Ganza | 64 | 2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,203 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,377 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,145 | 28% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 9 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Greenbank

Greenbank :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Janet Clein * | 1,180 | 48% |
| | Labour | Christopher Helm | 564 | 23% |
| | Green | Martin Dobson | 498 | 20% |
| | Conservative | Ann Nugent | 165 | 6.7% |
| | Liberal | Susan O'Brien | 52 | 2.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 544 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,561 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,459 | 23% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 11 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Kensington & Fairfield

Kensington & Fairfield :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Liam Robinson | 1.411 | 48% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Francis Doran * | 1,214 | 41% |
| | Green | Janet Bunn | 144 | 4.9% |
| | Conservative | Nigel Barber | 93 | 3.1% |
| | Liberal | Karen Williams | 85 | 2.9% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 197 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,438 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,947 | 31% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 8 | |
| | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | |

### Kirkdale

Kirkdale – 2 seats :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Joseph Hanson * | 1,971 | 40% |
| | Labour | Beatrice Fraenkel | 1,737 | 36% |
| | BNP | Steven Greenhalgh | 389 | 8% |
| | Independent | Will Thomson | 146 | 3% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Pauline Bradley | 144 | 3% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Thomas Morrison | 107 | 2.2% |
| | Green | Jonathan Clatworthy | 96 | 2% |
| | Green | Alison Edis | 95 | 2% |
| | Conservative | Alma McGing | 95 | 2% |
| | Conservative | John Watson | 61 | 1.3% |
| | Liberal | Damien Daly | 46 | 0.94% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,582 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,512 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,887 | 21% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 9 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Knotty Ash

Knotty Ash :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | David Irving * | 1,642 | 46% |
| | Labour | Anthony Conception | 1,607 | 45% |
| | Conservative | Geoffrey Brandwood | 185 | 5.2% |
| | Green | James Munro | 128 | 3.6% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 35 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,0083 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,562 | 35% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 11 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Mossley Hill

Mossley Hill :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Lynnie Williams | 1,445 | 45% |
| | Labour | Matthew Garlick | 650 | 20% |
| | Conservative | Giselle McDonald | 570 | 18% |
| | Green | Robert Smith | 403 | 13% |
| | Liberal | David Wood | 140 | 4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 795 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,515 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,208 | 31% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 9 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Norris Green

Norris Green :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Francis Cooke * | 1,520 | 64% |
| | BNP | John Edgar | 303 | 13% |
| | Liberal | Vera Phillips | 258 | 11% |
| | Conservative | Michael Lind | 148 | 6.3% |
| | Green | Thomas Crone | 70 | 3% |
| | Socialist Labour | Kai Anderson | 58 | 2.4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,217 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,519 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,357 | 22% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 3 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Old Swan

Old Swan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Gary Millar | 1,372 | 45% |
| | Labour | Allen Hammond | 824 | 27% |
| | Liberal | Edith Bamford | 321 | 10% |
| | BNP | Steven McEllenborough | 300 | 9.7% |
| | Green | Paul Grimes | 130 | 4.2% |
| | Conservative | Lauren Graham | 127 | 4.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 548 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,559 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,074 | 27% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 5 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Picton

Picton :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Andrew Makinson * | 1,262 | 48% |
| | Labour | Timothy Beaumont | 1,015 | 39% |
| | Green | Laurence Wilson | 150 | 5.7% |
| | Liberal | Griffith Parry | 109 | 4.1% |
| | Conservative | Ann Temple | 99 | 3.8% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 247 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,906 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,635 | 24% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 12 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Princes Park

Princes Park :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Timothy Moore | 1,227 | 49% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Mumin Khan | 714 | 29% |
| | Green | Rebecca Lawson | 318 | 13% |
| | Conservative | Catherine Hirst | 163 | 6.5% |
| | Liberal | Michael Williams | 74 | 3% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 513 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,049 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,496 | 25% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 17 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Riverside

Riverside :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Stephen Munby * | 1,838 | 73% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Conor McDonald | 202 | 8% |
| | Conservative | Emlyn Williams | 189 | 7.5% |
| | Green | William Ward | 184 | 7.3% |
| | Liberal | John Graves | 102 | 4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,636 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,771 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,515 | 23% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 10 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### St Michael's

St Michaels :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Green | Sarah Jennings | 1,309 | 43% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Elaine Allen * | 1,128 | 37% |
| | Labour | Nicholas Mutize | 485 | 16% |
| | Conservative | David Patmore | 149 | 4.9% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 181 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,706 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,071 | 32% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 13 | |
| | Green gain from Liberal Democrats | Green gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | |

### Speke-Garston

Speke-Garston :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Colin Strickland * | 1,866 | 63% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Jackie Wilson | 479 | 16% |
| | BNP | Jane Greenhalgh | 208 | 7% |
| | Conservative | Brenda Coppell | 171 | 5.8% |
| | Liberal | Irene Mayes | 128 | 4.4% |
| | Green | Fiona Coyne | 93 | 3.2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,387 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 12,699 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,945 | 23% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 6 | |
| | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | |

### Tuebrook & Stoneycroft

Tuebrook & Stoneycroft :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Steve Radford * | 2,128 | 72% |
| | Labour | Robert Millington | 484 | 16% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Kathryn Dadswell | 135 | 4.6% |
| | Green | Jennifer Brown | 92 | 3.1% |
| | Conservative | George Powell | 99 | 3.4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,644 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,843 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,938 | 27% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 12 | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | |

### Warbreck

Warbreck :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Richard McLinden | 1,852 | 58% |
| | Liberal | George Roberts | 724 | 23% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Richard Roberts | 724 | 23% |
| | BNP | Carol Kilkenny | 198 | 6.2% |
| | Conservative | Mark Rea | 154 | 4.9% |
| | Green | Raphael Levy | 99 | 3.1% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,128 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,207 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,173 | 28% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 5 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

### Wavertree

Wavertree :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Warren Bradley * | 2,223 | 69% |
| | Labour | Nicholas Wallace | 508 | 16% |
| | Green | Julie Birch-Holt | 297 | 9.2% |
| | Conservative | David Grundy | 171 | 5.3% |
| | Liberal | Charles Mayes | 46 | 1.4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,715 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,607 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,245 | 31% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 9 | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | |

### West Derby

West Derby :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Graham Hulme | 1,244 | 37% |
| | Labour | Brenda McGrath | 863 | 26% |
| | Liberal | Ann Hines * | 731 | 22% |
| | Conservative | Neil Wilson | 338 | 10% |
| | Green | Kim Graham | 160 | 4.8% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 381 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,144 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,336 | 30% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 16 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Woolton

Woolton :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal Democrats | Barbara Collinge * | 1,771 | 46% |
| | Conservative | Richard Downey | 1,254 | 33% |
| | Labour | Laurence Freeman | 572 | 15% |
| | Green | Alexander Rudkin | 161 | 4.2% |
| | Liberal | Maria Langley | 58 | 1.5% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 517 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,468 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,816 | 36% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 10 | |
| | Liberal Democrats hold | Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | |

### Yew Tree

Yew Tree :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | John Prince | 1,370 | 49% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Gary Airey | 820 | 30% |
| | Conservative | June Brandwood | 345 | 12% |
| | Green | Peter Cranie | 125 | 4.5% |
| | Liberal | Tracey Hawksford | 112 | 4% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 550 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,173 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,772 | 25% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 18 | |
| | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | |

## By Elections
### Fazakerley, 18 February 2010

Caused by the death of Councillor Jack Spriggs (Labour, elected 1 May 2008).
Fazakerley :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Louise Ashton-Armstrong | 1,525 | 58% |
| | Liberal Democrats | Graham Charles Seddon | 807 | 30% |
| | BNP | Peter James Stafford | 234 | 8.8% |
| | Green | Alexander Rudkin | 84 | 3.2% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 718 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,310 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,650 | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |