OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albert Stern (rabbi)

Albert Áron Stern (Hebrew: אהרן שטרן; 1826 – June 16, 1888), later Szterényi, was a Hungarian rabbi.

## Biography

Albert Stern was born into a rabbinical family in Nagykanizsa, Hungary. His father, Jákob Léb Stern, was dayyan of Nagykanizsa and later of Sárvár, and his father-in-law Hirsch Bär Fassel was chief rabbi of Nagykanizsa. He was educated at the Pressburg and Óbuda Yeshivas. At the former, he studied under the Ktav Sofer, with whom later maintained a correspondence.
Stern served as the rabbi of Lengyeltóti from 1851 until 1867, when he was appointed to the rabbinate of Újpest. However, his tenure there ended in 1884 due to controversies surrounding his demands for extreme religious reform. In December 1885, now living in Budapest, Stern sought official permission to found the "Israelite Reformed Church". This request was rejected by Ágoston Trefort, Minister of Religion and Public Education.
In his desire for assimilation, Stern adopted the Hungarianized surname Szterényi in 1881. All five of his children converted to Christianity. One of his sons, József Szterényi [he], was a prominent politician; another, Hugó Szterényi [he], was a noted minerologist.
Stern died on June 16, 1888, at the insane asylum in Ofen.

## Writing

As a scholar, Stern wrote on a range of topics. He founded the German-language Jewish periodical Hamechaker: Zeitschrift für jüdische Theologie und Geschichte in populär-wissenschaftlicher Form (later Die Zeit), which ran for three volumes between 1877 and 1879. In the journal, he published studies on topics such as the laws governing proselytes, the history of rabbinical seminaries, exhumation practices, ritual divorce, the life of the medieval scholar Alfasi, and the principle of dina d'malkhuta dina. Stern also wrote on the topic of Jewish names (Nagykanizsa, 1864) and a study on the law and history of burial practices (Pest, 1874).

### Selected publications

* Jesaeas aller Zeiten Volkslehrer Antrittsrede ... gehalten am 8. December 1851 (in German). Groß-Kanischa: Markbreiter u. Ollop.
* Der methodische Rechner für Lehrer und Schüler zum Schul-, Privat- und Selbstunterrichte (in German). Groß-Kanischa: Markbreiter u. Ollop. 1852.
* Der methodische mosaische Religionslehrer für Knaben- und Töchterschulen (in German). Groß-Kanischa: J. Markbreiter. 1853.
* A frigy kötelmei: halachai értekezet (in Hungarian). Nagykanizsa: J. Markbreiter. 1863.
* A népünnep, vagyis Ferencz József születésnapja. Ünnepi beszéd (in Hungarian). Pest. 1867.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Das Loesegeld fuer Judenthum und Vaterland (in German). Groß-Kanischa: P. Fischel. 1867.
* Sendschreiben an Herrn Dr. A. Stein, Rabbiner und Prediger in Prag (in German). Pest: E. Bartalits. 1870.
* Ueber ehegesetzliche Zeitfragen (in German). Pest: E. Bartalits. 1873.
* Ueber Gesetz und Geschichte der Leichenbestattung und über diesbezügliche Bräuche und Mißbräuche (in German). Budapest: E. Bartalits. 1874.
* A polgári házasság tekintettel a vegyes házasságra a szidó törvény és történelem szempntjából (in Hungarian). Budapest: Révai testvérek bizománya. 1883.
# Battle of Tianmenling

The Battle of Tianmenling (Chinese: 天門嶺之戰), or the Battle of Cheonmun-ryeong in Korean (Korean: 천문령 전투), was fought between Dae Jo-yeong, later founder of Balhae, and Li Kaigu (李楷固), a Khitan commander of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zhou dynasty.
After the fall of the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo to the Silla-Tang armies, Dae Jo-yeong, along with his father Dae Jung-sang, were forced to move over into the Yingzhou province of Tang. In the confusion of the Khitan uprising against the Zhou in May 696, Dae Jung-sang and the Baishan Mohe leader Geolsa Biu sought independence from Zhou. In spite of Empress Wu Zetian's appeasement policy, they fled eastward to the former land of Goguryeo.
The Zhou sent general Li Kaigu to give chase, and subsequently Geolsa Biu and Dae Jung-sang were killed. Dae Jo-yeong integrated the Goguryeo people under the two leaders and resisted the Tang's attack. He scored a victory over the Zhou at the Battle of Tianmenling, which enabled him to establish his own kingdom. Dae jo yeong claimed himself the King of Jin in 699 and put his capital at Dongmo Mountain, in the south of today's Jilin province.
# Shiroi

Shiroi (白井市, Shiroi-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of 63,190 in 26,204 households and a population density of 1800 persons per km². The total area of the city is 35.48 square kilometres (13.70 sq mi). The name of the city comes from the word for "white" in Japanese, 白い。

## Geography

Shiroi is located in northwestern Chiba Prefecture, with an elevation of 20 to 30 meters above sea level. It is approximately equidistant from central Tokyo (25 kilometers) and the prefectural capital at Chiba. The city is bordered by Lake Tega to the north.

### Neighboring municipalities

Chiba Prefecture
* Funabashi
* Inzai
* Kamagaya
* Kashiwa
* Yachiyo

### Climate

Shiroi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Shiroi is 14.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1371 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.2 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Shiroi has recently plateaued after several decades of strong growth.

## History

Shiroi Village was created within Inba District, Chiba Prefecture on April 1, 1885 with the early Meiji period establishment of the modern municipalities system. From shortly after World War II until the early 1960s Shiroi was the site of a United States Air Force Base (Shiroi AFB APO73). Shiroi was elevated to town status on September 1, 1964. As the Japanese economy grew in the 1970s, many people moved from the country to the cities, and the growth of Tokyo sent many residents out to suburbs in the Kantō countryside. Shiroi's real growth began during this period: its rail connection to Chiba city was completed in 1979, and it was linked directly to the Tokyo railway network in 1991. Shiroi was elevated to city status on April 1, 2001.

## Government

Shiroi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 21 members. Shiroi contributes one member to the Chiba Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Chiba 13th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Shiroi is a regional commercial center and a bedroom community for nearby Chiba and Tokyo. During the Meiji period, Shiroi became a fruit-growing area. Local farmers planted kiwifruit and grapes, but the most famous of Shiroi's fruits turned out to be nashi pears. In the springtime, the pear trees still bloom alongside the sakura.

## Education

Shiroi has nine public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education.

## Transportation
### Railway

Hokusō Railway Company - Hokusō Line
* Nishi-Shiroi - Shiroi

### Highway

* National Route 16
* National Route 464

## Sister cities

* Shire of Campaspe, Victoria, Australia

## Local attractions

* Lake Tega

## Noted people from Shiroi

* Akihiro Hyodo- professional soccer player
# Invictus (video game)

Invictus: In the Shadow of Olympus, also known as simply Invictus, is a video game developed by Quicksilver Software, Inc. and published by Interplay for Windows in 2000.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 51% |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| CNET Gamecenter | 3/10 |
| Computer Games Strategy Plus | |
| Computer Gaming World | |
| EP Daily | 5/10 |
| Eurogamer | 6/10 |
| GameFan | 70% |
| GameSpot | 4.7/10 |
| GameSpy | 73% |
| GameZone | 9/10 |
| IGN | 5.9/10 |
| Next Generation | |
| PC Accelerator | 6/10 |
| PC Gamer (US) | 59% |
The game received mixed reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Eric Bratcher of NextGen said, "This is a brilliant idea for a game, but until the characters learn to walk and follow orders, don't buy into this myth." Barry Brenesal of GamePro said, "If everything in Invictus worked as claimed, it would be a pleasantly different take on the RTS genre. It's got replayability, humor, three difficulty levels, good game balance and decent voiceovers. But there's too much that's broken here, so that you end up playing against the code as much as you play against your computerized enemies. I can't say whether Poseidon cursed the product before release or not, but if it doesn't get a serious bug-fix, it's doomed to a watery grave."
# Louis Brunhart

Louis Brunhart (29 December 1902 – 16 January 1980), also known as Alois, was a politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1939 to 1945.

## Life

Brunhart was born on 29 December 1902 in Balzers as the son of Gebhard Brunhart and Anna Maria Büchel as one of eight children. He trained as a plasterer and worked as a seasonal worker in Switzerland and Germany and in 1932 he founded a construction company.
He was elected to the Landtag of Liechtenstein in 1939 as a member of the Progressive Citizens' Party as a part of the unified list between the party and the Patriotic Union for the formation of a coalition government, where he served until 1945. During this time, he was a member of the Landtag's finance and state committees. He was a deputy member of the Landtag from 1945 to 1949. From 1945 to 1953, he was a judge at the Liechtenstein administrative appeals court.
Brunhart married Theresia Nutt (19 April 1904 – 13 October 1987) on 9 January 1931 and they had three children together. He died on 16 January 1980 in Balzers, aged 77 years old.
# Black Wooden Ceiling Opening

Black Wooden Ceiling Opening is an EP released by Mount Eerie. It was released on March 4, 2008. The EP was described by singer Phil Elverum as "black metal using natural materials".

## Recording and release

The album was recorded by Phil Elverum, Jason Anderson and Kjetil Jenssen on October 30, 2006 in Anacortes, Washington. It was released alongside an 11-song bootleg recording of the same group of musicians featured on the album live in concert at the Department of Safety in Anacortes, WA.
Elverum found the inspiration for the song "Domesticated Dog" from his time spent riding in a minivan across Montana with Calvin Johnson and his mother in September 2006. He speculated that the “sleeping giant” in the last verse "came from those reclining-human-like Montana hills." "Don't Smoke" came from Elverum's desire to "be more confrontational and pragmatic" with his songs hoping to get his audience who were "vegan and radical and eat healthy food" yet smoked cigarettes to stop.
3 of the 6 tracks have been released prior to the EP's release, albeit in different versions: "Blue Light on the Floor" was released on Mount Eerie pts. 6 & 7, "Don't Smoke" was released on Don't Smoke/Get Off the Internet under The Microphones name and "Stop Singing" was released on No Flashlight.

## Music

Expanding on the sound of heavier songs on previous albums like The Glow Pt. 2. Black Wooden Ceiling Opening sees Elverum go for a dark and raw aesthetic, incorporating elements of black metal and hardcore. Eric Hill of Exclaim! described it as a "quick distillation of everything that Mount Eerie was in the mid-2000s," and the closest to metal Elverum has produced.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.6/10) |
Upon release, the EP received a generally positive reception. Brock Thiessen of Exclaim! wrote that "The record shows him having a bit of fun with his work and to the listener's benefit, including three superb reinterpretations of older, more reserved Mount Eerie tracks" and that "Factor in some added live tracks and there's no denying Black Wooden is an important and enjoyable part of the Elverum catalogue". Jessica Suarez of Pitchfork wrote that "Like a smoker, Elverum's compulsion to keep going trumps his own best interests-- when he recognizes that compulsion is when he's at his best".
"JSPICER" of Tinymixtapes wrote that "Black Wooden Ceiling Opening isn’t so much about reinvention as it is about reinterpretation." and that "With this EP, Phil isn’t cashing in on fan loyalty, nor is he trying any fancy parlor tricks. Black Wooden Ceiling Opening is simply another side of Phil’s Mount Eerie persona. And, for me, discovering Phil’s playful side through this EP has been a pleasure akin to sex"

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Phil Elverum
# Neyagawashi Station

Neyagawashi Station (寝屋川市駅, Neyagawashi-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Neyagawa, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Keihan Electric Railway.

## Lines

Neyagawashi Station is served by the Keihan Main Line, and is located 15.0 km from the starting point of the line at Yodoyabashi Station.

## Station layout

The station has two opposed elevated side platforms with the station building underneath. The platforms can accommodate trains of up to eight carriages in length.

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Keihan Main Line | for Kayashima, Hirakatashi, Sanjō and Demachiyanagi |
| 2 | ■ Keihan Main Line | for Moriguchishi, Kyōbashi, Yodoyabashi and Nakanoshima |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Keihan Railway Keihan Main Line |||||
| Rapid Limited Express for Demachiyanagi (快速特急, in the evening on weekdays): Does not stop at this station |||||
| Limited Express (特急): Does not stop at this station |||||
| Kyōbashi | Commuter Rapid Express for Nakanoshima (通勤快急, in the morning on weekdays) | Kōrien |
| Moriguchishi | Rapid Express (快速急行) | Kōrien |
| Kyōbashi | Midnight Express for Kuzuha (深夜急行) | Kōrien |
| Moriguchishi | Express (急行) | Kōrien |
| Kayashima | Commuter Sub Express for Yodoyabashi or Nakanoshima (通勤準急, in the morning on weekdays) | Kōrien |
| Kayashima | Sub Express (準急) | Kōrien |
| Kayashima | Semi-Express (区間急行) | Kōrien |
| Kayashima | Local (普通) | Kōrien |

## History

The station was opened on April 15, 1910 as Neyagawa Station (寝屋川駅). It was renamed on August 20, 1951.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 64,411 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Neyagawa City Hall
* Neyagawa Civic Center
* Osaka Prefectural Neyagawa High School
* Neyagawa City Chuo Elementary School
# Wisutkasat

Wisutkasat or Wisut Kasat may refer to:
* Wisut Kasat Road in Bangkok
* Wisut Kasattri, a queen of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
# Enza Station

Enza Station (円座駅, Enza-eki) is a passenger railway station operated by the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. . It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "K09".

## Lines

Enza Station is a statin on the Kotoden Kotohira Line and is located 11.2 km from the opposing terminus of the line at Takamatsu-Chikkō Station.

## Layout

The station consists of a single side platform serving one bi-directional track. Formerly the station had two side platforms, and the ruins of the second platform remain in situ. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Ichinomiya | Kotohira Line | Okamoto |

## History

Enza Station opened on December 21, 1926 as a station of the Kotohira Electric Railway. On November 1, 1943 it became a station on the Takamatsu Kotohira Electric Railway Kotohira Line due to a company merger.

## Surrounding area

* Kagawa Prefectural Route 44 Enza Konan Line
* Enza Community Center
* Takamatsu Municipal Enza Elementary School

## Passenger statistics

Ridership per day :
| Year | Ridership |
| 2011 | 1,423 |
| 2012 | 1,471 |
| 2013 | 1,461 |
| 2014 | 1,472 |
| 2015 | 1,608 |
| 2016 | 1,687 |
| 2017 | 1,702 |
# Takata Station (Kagawa)

Takata Station (高田駅, Takata-eki) is a passenger railway station operated by the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "N09".

## Lines

Takata Station is a station on the Kotoden Nagao Line and is located 8.3 km from the terminus of the line at Kawaramachi Station and 10.0 kilometers from Takamatsu-Chikkō Station.

## Layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms connected by a level crossing.

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Nishi-Maeda | Nagao Line | Ikenobe |

## History

Takata Station opened on April 30, 1912 as a station on the Takamatsu Electric Tramway. On November 1, 1943, it became a station on the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railway.

## Surrounding area

* Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki Campus (former Kagawa Medical University)
* Kagawa Prefectural Takamatsu Higashi High School
* Takamatsu City Maeda Elementary School

## Passenger statistics

Ridership per day :
| Year | Ridership |
| 2011 | 1,343 |
| 2012 | 1,336 |
| 2013 | 1,368 |
| 2014 | 1,371 |
| 2015 | 1,442 |
| 2016 | 1,392 |
| 2017 | 1,435 |
# Urban Improvement Trust

The Urban Improvement Trust (or UIT, नगर विकास न्यास) is a type of statutory body in the state of Rajasthan, India, constituted for the purpose of promoting urban development.
The power to create Urban Improvement Trusts was provided by the Rajasthan Urban Improvement Act, 1959. These improvement trusts were created and entrusted with town improvement schemes, town expansion schemes and provision of essential services, amenities, etc.

## Roles and Responsibility of UITs

The roles and responsibility of UITs are as follow:
* Nazul lands (The land situated beyond two miles of the Municipal limits, which has escheated to the State Government and has not already been appropriated by the State Government for any purpose).
* Transfer of private street or square to trust
* Provisions of a drain or water work to replace another situated on a land.
* It has power to turn or close a street or square.
* To make surveys or contribute towards them
* It has power to purchase or lease by agreement
* It has power to restrict any improvement in urban areas
* Restriction on change of use of land and power of *State Government to allow the change in use of land.
* Power to prevent or demolish a building.
* Can order to demolish an illegal building.
* Power to stop improper use of land or buildings in urban areas
* Power to stop building operations
* Encroachment or obstruction on public land.

## Difference between UIT and Nagar Nigam

The functions of both of these government bodies are distinctly the same, but there are several factors and points that draw a line between both of these organizations.

### Mode of Selection (Members)

* Nagar Nigam— Elective
* UIT— Selective

### Periphery of development

* Nagar Nigam— Mostly functions within the city
* UIT— Mostly functions in the Outer regions of the city

### Functions

* Nagar Nigam— Town planning, Road Constructions, Development of Basic amenities
* UIT— Maintenance of specific areas such as parks, parking, etc., Provision of important services such as water supply, fire services, etc.

### Revenue

* Nagar Nigam— Taxes such as property tax and receives a fixed grant from State Government
* UIT— Doesn’t receive Grants from the government, collect revenue by lease, application for land conversions, etc.

### Constitutional Status

* Nagar Nigam— A part of the constitution
* UIT— Not a part of the constitution

## List of UITs

This is a list of present working UITs of Rajasthan with their official website, as of 2024:
* UIT, Abu
* UIT, Alwar
* UIT, Barmer
* UIT, Bhilwara
* UIT, Chittorgarh
* UIT, Jaisalmer
* UIT, Pali
* UIT, Kota
* UIT, Udaipur
* UIT, Sri Ganganagar
* UIT, Sikar
* UIT, Sawai Madhopur
# Shioya Station (Kagawa)

Shioya Station (塩屋駅, Shioya-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "S12".

## Lines

Shioya Station is a station of the Kotoden Shido Line and is located 10.0 km from the opposing terminus of the line at Kawaramachi Station.

## Layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Kotoden Shido Line |||||
| Yakuri-Shinmichi | | Local | | Fusazaki |

## History

Shioya Station opened on November 18, 1911 on the Tosan Electric Tramway. It became a station of the Sanuki Electric Railway in 1942. On November 1, 1943 it became a station on the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railway. Operations were suspended on January 26, 1945 from Yakuri Station to this station, but were reopened on October 9, 1949.

## Passenger statistics

Ridership per day :
| Year | Ridership |
| 2011 | 114 |
| 2012 | 114 |
| 2013 | 125 |
| 2014 | 125 |
| 2015 | 139 |
| 2016 | 143 |
| 2017 | 141 |

## Surrounding area

* George Nakashima Memorial Hall
* Takamatsu City Mure Minami Elementary School
* Japan National Route 11
# Hara Station (Kagawa)

Hara Station (原駅, Hara-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "S14".

## Lines

Hara Station is a station of the Kotoden Shido Line and is located 11.5 km from the opposing terminus of the line at Kawaramachi Station.

## Layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station entrance has a slope from the back of both ends of the platform to the central part of the platform. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Kotoden Shido Line |||||
| Fusazaki | | Local | | Kotoden-Shido |

## History

Hara Station opened on November 18, 1911 on the Tosan Electric Tramway. It became a station of the Sanuki Electric Railway in 1942. On November 1, 1943 it became a station on the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railway. Operations were suspended on January 26, 1945 from Yakuri Station to this station, but were reopened on October 9, 1949.

## Passenger statistics

Ridership per day :
| Year | Ridership |
| 2011 | 193 |
| 2012 | 198 |
| 2013 | 176 |
| 2014 | 151 |
| 2015 | 156 |
| 2016 | 175 |
| 2017 | 172 |

## Surrounding area

* Shido Bay
* Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences
* Japan National Route 11
# Minami-Iyo Station

Minami-Iyo Station (南伊予駅, Minami-Iyo-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Iyo, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "U02-1".

## Lines

Minami-Iyo Station is served by the JR Shikoku Yosan Line and is located 201.9 km from the beginning of the line at Takamatsu. Only Yosan Line local trains stop at the station bound for Matsuyama, Iyo-Ōzu and Uwajima.

## Layout

The station consists of a side platform serving a single track. The platform is equipped with a weather shelter and a "tickets corner", a small shelter housing an automatic ticket vending machine. A ramp leads up to the platform from the access road.

## History

On 26 November 2018, JR Shikoku announced the planned construction of the station, as part of a modernization project in the Matsuyama area. The station name comes from an old village that used to be in the area.
The station opened on 14 March 2020, at a cost of 170 million yen. A new Matsuyama Freight Terminal was also built next to the station.

## Surrounding area

* Japan Freight Railway (JR Freight) Matsuyama Freight Station
* Matsumae Town National Athletic Memorial Hockey Park
* Iyo City Iyo Junior High School
* Iyo Municipal Iyo Elementary School