OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Knotted cord

A knotted cord was a primitive surveyor's tool for measuring distances. It is a length of cord with knots at regular intervals. They were eventually replaced by surveyor's chains, which being made of metal were less prone to stretching and thus were more accurate and consistent.
Knotted cords were used by many ancient cultures. The Greek schoenus is referred to as a rope used to measure land. Ropes generally became cables and chains with Pythagoras making the Greek agros a chain of 10 stadia equal to a nautical mile c 540 BC. The Romans used a waxed cord for measuring distances.
A knotted cord 12 lengths long (the units do not matter) closed into a loop can be used to lay out a right angle by forming the loop of cord into a 3–4–5 triangle. This could be used for laying out the corner of a field or a building foundation, for instance.

## Ancient Egypt

Knotted cords were used by rope stretchers, royal surveyors who measured out the sides of fields (Egyptian 3ht). The knotted cords (Egyptian ht) were 100 royal cubits in length, with a knot every hayt or 10 royal cubits. The rope stretchers stretched the rope in order to take the sag out, as well as to keep the measures uniform.
Since land in ancient Egypt was measured using several different units, there would have been knotted cords with the knots spaced in each unit. Among these were the mh t3 or land cubits, remen royal cubits, rods or ha3t, generally the lengths in multiples of 100 units. The longest measured length listed in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is a circumference of about a Roman mile with a diameter of 9 khet.
Despite many popular claims, there is no surviving evidence that the 3-4-5 triangle, and by implication the Pythagoras' theorem, was used in Ancient Egypt to lay out right angles, such as for the pyramids. The historian Moritz Cantor first made the conjecture in 1882. Right angles were certainly laid out accurately in Ancient Egypt; their surveyors did use knotted cords for measurement; Plutarch recorded in Isis and Osiris (around 100 AD) that the Egyptians admired the 3-4-5 triangle; and the Berlin Papyrus 6619 from the Middle Kingdom (before 1700 BC) made statements that suggest knowledge of Pythagoras' theorem. The 3-4-5 triangle was used because it is the smallest right-angled triangle with whole-numbered side lengths. However, no Egyptian text before 300 BC actually mentions the use of the theorem to find the length of a triangle's sides. Therefore, the historian of mathematics Roger Cooke published that the Ancient Egyptians probably did know the Pythagorean theorem, but concludes that "there is no evidence that they used it to construct right angles".
# Mount Fernow (King County, Washington)

Mount Fernow is a 6,190-foot (1,890-metre) mountain summit located 6.5 mi (10.5 km) northeast of Skykomish, in eastern King County of Washington state.

## Description

Mount Fernow is part of the Cascade Range, and is situated 6.5 mi (10.5 km) west of Stevens Pass in the Wild Sky Wilderness, on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is "K9", 7.2 mi (11.6 km) to the southeast. The Mount Fernow Potholes are a series of lakes approximately one mile north of this peak. This mountain's name was officially adopted in 1967 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The name honors Bernhard Fernow (1851–1923), who was the third chief of the Division of Forestry of the United States. This mountain is one of two peaks in Washington state named for Bernhard Fernow, the other being Mount Fernow 36 mi (58 km) to the northeast in the Entiat Mountains.

## Climate

Mount Fernow is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts coming off the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Skykomish River.

## Geology

Mt. Fernow is composed of tonalite of the Mount Stuart batholith. The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. Glacier Peak, a stratovolcano that is 25 mi (40 km) north of Mt. Fernow, began forming in the mid-Pleistocene. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of that recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Cascades.
# Renatinho (footballer, born 1987)

Renato Carlos Martins Júnior (born 14 May 1987), commonly known as Renatinho, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right winger.
He was linked with Sporting during 2008 summer transfer window. However, he joined Japanese club Kawasaki Frontale in August 2008.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | J.League Cup | J.League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2008 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 12 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 14 | 6 |
| 2009 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 29 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 47 | 17 |
| 2010 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 21 | 9 |
| China PR | China PR | China PR | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2012 | Hangzhou Greentown | Chinese Super League | 25 | 8 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 26 | 8 |
| Country | Japan | Japan | 56 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 7 | 82 | 32 |
| Country | China PR | China PR | 25 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 8 |
| Total | Total | Total | 78 | 29 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 7 | 108 | 40 |

## Honours

* São Paulo State League Sub-17: 2004
* São Paulo State League: 2006 & 2007
# Jeremy Wooldridge

Jeremy Wooldridge is an American politician serving as a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from the 1st district. He assumed office on January 9, 2023, after winning the seat in the 2022 election.

## Biography

Wooldridge is CEO of Crowley's Ridge Development Council.
# Hahn Field Archeological District

Hahn Field Archeological District is a registered historic district near Newtown, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1974.

## Historic uses

* Camp
* Graves/Burials
# Downtown Oakland Historic District

The Downtown Oakland Historic District, in the Downtown Oakland area of Oakland, California, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The listing included 43 contributing buildings, one contributing site and one contributing object.
The district is a roughly L-shaped irregular area comprising about 11 city blocks. It includes Oakland's City Hall building, which is separately listed on the National Register.
# Misashima Station

Misashima Station (美佐島駅, Misashima-eki) is a railway station located in the city of Tōkamachi, Niigata, Japan, operated by the third sector Hokuetsu Express.

## Lines

Misashima Station is a station on the Hokuhoku Line, and is located 12.2 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Muikamachi.

## Station layout

This station is noteworthy because the station building is on ground level and the single side platform is located 10.1 m (33 ft) below, inside a tunnel. The platform level is closed unless a local train is scheduled to arrive because of the strong winds generated by high pressure difference between the tunnel and the ground level. Passengers alighting at this station cannot loiter. They must leave the platform level within 2 minutes or PA system with monitoring camera will ask the passengers to leave immediately. There are two automatic doors, one on the ground level and another at the platform level. The automatic door on the ground level is locked, preventing access to the platform level, until the train driver remotely unlocks the door. The two automatic doors never open at the same time, again, to avoid creating strong winds caused by pressure gradient. There is an underground waiting room between the two doors with wooden bench, timetable, and a suggestion box. Above ground, the waiting room features tatami and is air-conditioned.

### Platforms

| ■ Hokuhoku Line | for Echigo-Yuzawa, Muikamachi, Tōkamachi, Saigata and Naoetsu (bidirectional) |

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Hokuhoku Line |||||
| Uonuma-Kyūryō | Uonuma-Kyūryō | Local | Shinza | Shinza |

## History

The station opened on 22 March 1997, coinciding with the opening of the Hokuhoku Line.
# Mount Fillmore

Mount Fillmore is a mountain in the Plumas National Forest in Sierra County, California. It is 8 miles (13 km) northeast of La Porte and 12 miles (19 km) north of Downieville.
Mount Fillmore was named for a naval officer.
# Diego Monar

Diego Monar Firmino Martins (born 15 February 1989), commonly known as Diego Monar, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Real Noroeste as a centre back.

## Career

Born in São Vicente, São Paulo, Diego Monar joined Santos' youth academy in 2002, aged just thirteen.
On 20 February 2008, Diego Monar and Santos agreed to a contract extension that would see the player stay with the club until Fbebruay 2013.

### Career statistics

    (Correct as of October 16, 2010)
| Club | Season | State League | State League | Brazilian Série A | Brazilian Série A | Copa do Brasil | Copa do Brasil | Copa Libertadores | Copa Libertadores | Copa Sudamericana | Copa Sudamericana | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Santos | 2009 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Portuguesa Santista (loan) | 2009 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Santos | 2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Inter de Santa Maria (loan) | 2011 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Santos | 2011 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
# Corumbella

Corumbella is an extinct genus of terminal-Ediacaran animals. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Corumbellidae, and is represented by a single species Corumbella werneri. It possessed a carapace made up of thick polygonal rings in which plates with pores and papillae attest to the advent of skeletogenesis in the latest Neoproterozoic metazoan. It was sessile and somewhat resembles the later conulariids, though this similarity is likely superficial; its secretion of an aragonitic scleritome suggests a Eumetazoan affinity.
# Matsudai Station

Matsudai Station (まつだい駅, Matsudai-eki) is a railway station located in the city of Tōkamachi, Niigata, Japan, operated by the third sector Hokuetsu Express. The station name is written in hiragana because when it was opened, there was already a Matsushiro Station (Japanese: 松代, same as the kanji form of Matsudai), which has since closed. Also, it is to appear friendlier to the local community.

## Lines

Matsudai Station is a station on the Hokuhoku Line, and is located 29.2 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Muikamachi.

## Station layout

The station has two ground-level opposed side platforms serving two tracks, connected to the station building by an underground passage. The station is staffed.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Hokuhoku Line | for Echigo-Yuzawa, Muikamachi and Tōkamachi |
| 2 | ■ Hokuhoku Line | for Saigata and Naoetsu |

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Hokuhoku Line |||||
| Tōkamachi | Tōkamachi | Local | Hokuhoku-Ōshima | Hokuhoku-Ōshima |

## History

The station opened on 22 March 1997, coinciding with the opening of the Hokuhoku Line.

## Surrounding area

* former Matsudai town hall
* Matsudai Post Office
* National Route 253
# Wheatley-Provident Hospital

Wheatley-Provident Hospital is a historic site at 1826 Forest Avenue in the 18th and Vine District of Kansas City, Missouri. It was founded in 1902 and became Kansas City's first hospital for Black people.

## History

The hospital's precursor institution was a small hospital and training school for nurses founded in 1902 by Dr. John Edward Perry. In 1910, it was located at 1214 Vine, named Perry Sanitarium and Nurse Training Association.
On June 1, 1918, after an extensive fundraiser campaign yielding US$25,000 (equivalent to about $506,000 in 2023), the facility was relocated to an existing building at 1826 Forest Avenue. Having been built in 1903 as St. Joseph's Parochial School, that building was renamed Wheatley-Provident Hospital and repurposed as Kansas City's first hospital for Black people. It was led by Dr. Perry and his wife Fredericka Douglass Sprague Perry, who was the daughter of Rosetta Douglass and granddaughter of Frederick Douglass.
A children's wing was added in 1925. By 1971, 50,000 patients had been served, and the hospital was closed 1972.
It entered the Kansas City Register of Historic Places in 2007 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 2020. The property became owned by an absentee landlord, and was declared a hazardous building and threatened with demolition by 2017. The historic building was saved from destruction and rehabilitation began in 2021. The owner is 1826 Forest Re Holdings LLC, which is rehabilitating the property into office space, preferably for tenants in the medical field for consistency with its heritage.
# Green Rock, Illinois

Green Rock is a neighborhood of the city of Colona in Henry County, Illinois, United States. Once a separate community, Green Rock was named so because it is the place where the Green River meets up with the Rock River.
# Satsuma-Itashiki Station

Satsuma-Itashiki Station (薩摩板敷駅, Satsuma-Itashiki-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Makurazaki, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Ibusuki Makurazaki Line and is located 84.4 km from the starting point of the line at Kagoshima-Chūō.

## Layout

This is an above-ground station with one side platform and one track. It is an unattended station. There is no station building.

## History

The station was opened on 31 October 1963 as a station on the JNR Ibusuki Line, when the line was extended from Saijo Station to Makurazaki Station to become the Ibusuki Makurazaki Line. On this day, Ishigaki Station, Suisegawa Station, Sagaokawa Station, Matsugaura Station, Satsuma Shioya Station, Goryō Station, Shirasawa Station, and Makurazaki Station were also opened. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, JR Kyushu took over control of the station.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 50 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Japan National Route 226
* Kagoshima Prefectural Kagoshima Fisheries High School
# Karen's Diner

Karen's Diner is an Australian-American chain of theme restaurants. The restaurant is known for advertising a deliberately unpleasant dining experience, and staff are instructed to insult customers throughout their meal. The restaurant's name came from the internet slang term Karen, used to describe an older white woman perceived as entitled or excessively demanding.

## History

The chain was established in Sydney, Australia in 2021 by Aden Levin and James Farrell. It is a theme restaurant based around the concept of an unpleasant dining experience where customers pay for employees to insult them. The restaurant was originally planned to be a six-month pop-up restaurant at World Square. The restaurant's concept initially drew a mixed response, raising concerns about whether the environment of mutual insults could expose employees to abuse by customers.
The name Karen's is a reference to the use of the name Karen in internet memes to describe a stereotypically rude or entitled middle-aged white woman. Staff are instructed to put on an abrasive persona and comically ridicule customers during their meal. Customers are expected to return this behaviour by acting rudely towards the staff. However, customers and staff are prohibited from using insults based on racism, sexism or homophobia. Many of these exchanges include profanity, and people under the age of 16 must be accompanied by adults. Patrons who have ID showing that their name is Karen can receive a free drink.
The restaurant is based around American diners in the 1950s, and the menu features hamburgers and chicken wings. It became a popular source of content for social media, particularly on platform TikTok, as customers posted videos of their interactions with staff. The chain has opened locations in the United Kingdom, the United States, Indonesia, and New Zealand. The chain expanded to New Zealand, opening a restaurant in Mount Eden in August 2022.
In August 2022, the restaurant drew controversy after a video allegedly showing a staff member at a Brisbane location behaving inappropriately went viral on TikTok. In the video, the server makes inappropriate remarks about an underage patron and accuses her father, who was dining with her, of being a pedophile. A spokesperson for the chain claimed that an investigation had been launched and that stricter training protocols would be introduced in response.
In May 2023, Viral Ventures (Australia), a company which owned most of the chain's Australian restaurants, went into liquidation. In July 2023, Viral Ventures NZ also went into liquidation.
# Star Junction, Pennsylvania

Star Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on Pennsylvania Route 51. At the 2010 census, the population was 616.

## History

Star Junction was founded in 1893, when the Washington No. 2 Mine was opened by the Washington Coal and Coke Company. It is so-named because it was once the site of a railroad depot, the end of the line for the Washington Run Railroad. Star Junction was once a coal mining center, with beehive ovens for coke manufacture and a foundry. It was the site of labor unrest, including the walkout of 4,500 miners in 1922. Although the company store and mines are long gone, the "patch" (the groups of company houses) still remains and houses many residents. This area was added to the "Determined Eligible List" of the Bureau of Historic Preservation, as an example of a typical coal town, and has been added to the National Register of Historic Places.

## Notable person

John Kundla (1916-2017), educator and college/professional basketball coach, was born in Star Junction.

## Geography

Star Junction is in northwestern Fayette County, in the southwest part of Perry Township. Via PA 51 it is 2 miles (3 km) north to Perryopolis and 13 miles (21 km) south to Uniontown, the county seat.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Star Junction CDP has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km$^2$), of which 0.02 square miles (0.04 km$^2$), or 1.42%, is water.

## Education

Star Junction is served by the Frazier School District.
# Bernie Constantin

Bernie Constantin (18 June 1947 – 2 January 2025) was a Swiss songwriter and radio show host.

## Life and career

Born in Ayent on 18 June 1947, Constantin joined his first band, Les Anges Blancs, in the 1960s. The band was named after the wrestler L'Ange Blanc. After a performance at the Swiss National Exhibition [fr] in Lausanne, he abandoned his studies in the graphic arts in 1964. He then met musician Brian Jones and took part in a BBC show in Montreux. He then traveled to the United States, where he met Frank Zappa. In the late 1970s, he returned to Switzerland, where he opened a bistro called Funky Pétard. In the 1980s, he became more well-known, releasing the songs "Switzerland Reggae" and "Lola Berlingot", which sold 275,000 and 250,000 discs, respectively.
Every Thursday from 2005 to 2012, Constantin hosted the radio show Les Jeudis de Bernie, broadcast on RTS Couleur 3. He was often nicknamed the "Alpine Iguana" due to his resemblance to Iggy Pop and a young Mick Jagger. His son, Jessie Kobel, was a comedian and hosted Get Up, Stand Up, which prompted an invitation to the Festival Morges Sous-rire in 2016. In the summer of 2024, Constantin joined his son on the radio show Mon bel été en Suisse, broadcast on RTS Première.
Constantin died in Anzère on 2 January 2025, at the age of 77.

## Publications

* Ma vie en rock au pays du rhododendron (2022)
* Preface of Nouvelleaks : les chroniques du nouvelliste : 2010-2013 by Slobodan Despot [fr] (2014)
# The Waves of the Danube

The Waves of the Danube (Romanian: Valurile Dunării) is a 1960 Romanian film directed by Liviu Ciulei and based on a screenplay by Francisc Munteanu and Titus Popovici.

## Cast

* Lazăr Vrabie — lt. Valentin Toma, the undercover officer taken as a sailor on the barge NFR 724
* Liviu Ciulei — Mihai Strejan, the helmsman of barge NFR 724
* Mircea Septilici — the German officer who orders the dispatch of a barge
* Irina Petrescu — Ana Strejan, the young wife of the helmsman
* Ștefan Ciubotărașu — policeman, head of the Preventive Detention
* Costel Constantinescu — rail worker, clandestine communist, Toma's liaison

## Reception

The film was watched by 4,953,112 spectators in cinemas in Romania, as evidenced by a situation of the number of spectators recorded by Romanian films from the date of the premiere until December 31, 2014 compiled by the National Cinematography Center.
# Hallville Historic and Archeological District

Hallville Historic and Archaeological District is a historic district in Exeter, Rhode Island.
The historic district contains the remains of 19th-century textile mills and associated structures. The only standing structure in the district is a late 18th-century house at 239 Hallville Rd. The home is known as the Dawley House, for John C. Dawley, a mill owner who once lived there. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 1980.
# Dows Street Historic District

The Dows Street Historic District is located in Ely, Iowa, United States. The area exemplifies the importance the railroad and transportation in general played in the development of the town's central business district. Community members revitalized a plat of land the railroad had abandoned into a commercial and residential corridor. The historic district is made up of several frame buildings typical of the Late Victorian style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003.

## Contributing properties

The Historic Ely Elevator is the only light-industrial property in the district which includes mostly small commercial buildings and residences.