# Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture

23°22′N 103°22′E﻿ / ﻿23.36°N 103.37°E﻿ / 23.36; 103.37
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 红河哈尼族彝族自治州; traditional Chinese: 紅河哈尼族彝族自治州; pinyin: Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu; Hani: Haoqhoq Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Ziiqziifzel; Yi: ꉼꉸꉳꆃꁈꆃꁈꊨꏦꍓ) is an autonomous prefecture in Southeast-Central Yunnan Province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces to the south. Its name is derived from the Hong (Red) River and the two major ethnic minority groups who live there: the Yi and the Hani. Honghe has an area of 32,929 square kilometres (12,714 sq mi) and its seat is Mengzi. The total population is 4.8 million, of which 61.3% belong to ethnic minorities.
In 2008, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China nominated the Honghe Hani Terraced Fields of Yuanyang County for World Heritage Site status. It was added to the list on 22 June 2013, bringing the total number of World Heritage Sites in China to 45.

## Subdivisions

The prefecture is subdivided into 13 county-level divisions: 4 county-level cities, 6 counties, and 3 autonomous counties:
Map :
| Gejiu (City) Kaiyuan (City) Mengzi (City) Mile (City) Pingbian County Jianshui County Shiping County Luxi County Yuanyang County Honghe County Jinping County Lüchun County Hekou County ||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Mengzi City | 蒙自市 | Méngzì Shì | 417,200 | 2,228 | 187 |
| Gejiu City | 个旧市 | Gèjiù Shì | 459,800 | 1,597 | 288 |
| Kaiyuan City | 开远市 | Kāiyuǎn Shì | 322,700 | 2,009 | 161 |
| Mile City | 弥勒市 | Mílè Shì | 539,700 | 4,004 | 135 |
| Lüchun County | 绿春县 | Lǜchūn Xiàn | 222,200 | 3,167 | 70 |
| Jianshui County | 建水县 | Jiànshuǐ Xiàn | 531,500 | 3,940 | 135 |
| Shiping County | 石屏县 | Shípíng Xiàn | 299,100 | 3,090 | 97 |
| Luxi County | 泸西县 | Lúxī Xiàn | 400,700 | 1,674 | 239 |
| Yuanyang County | 元阳县 | Yuányáng Xiàn | 396,800 | 2,292 | 173 |
| Honghe County | 红河县 | Hónghé Xiàn | 296,500 | 2,034 | 146 |
| Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai Autonomous County | 金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县 | Jīnpíng Miáozú Yáozú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn | 356,200 | 3,677 | 97 |
| Hekou Yao Autonomous County | 河口瑶族自治县 | Hékǒu Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 104,600 | 1,313 | 80 |
| Pingbian Miao Autonomous County | 屏边苗族自治县 | Píngbiān Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn | 154,000 | 1,905 | 81 |

## Demographics

At the end of 2019, Honghe Prefecture had 4.775 million residents, of which 61.3% belonged to ethnic minorities.

### Ethnic groups in Honghe, 2010 census

| Nationality | Population | Percentage |
| Han | 1,928,601 | 42.85% |
| Yi | 1,043,599 | 23.19% |
| Hani | 789,702 | 17.55% |
| Hmong | 326,141 | 7.25% |
| Zhuang | 111,182 | 2.47% |
| Dai | 106,150 | 2.36% |
| Yao | 92,759 | 2.06% |
| Hui | 74,767 | 1.66% |
| Lahu | 11,430 | 0.25% |
| Bai | 4,846 | 0.11% |
| Others | 11,719 | 0.26% |
| Total | 4,500,896 | |

### Ethnic subgroups

Honghe Prefecture has the following ethnic Hani subgroups (Honghe Ethnic Gazetteer 1989:32):
* Hani
* Nuobi
* Nuomei
* Ache
* Lami
* Baihong
* Asuo
* Budu
* Qide
* Gehe
* Biyue
* Kaduo
* Ha'ou (哈欧)
* Enu (Ximoluo)
Honghe Prefecture has the following 10 ethnic Yi subgroups (Honghe Ethnic Gazetteer 1989:68):
* Nisubo 尼苏泼 (exonyms and other names: Luoluo 罗罗, Sandaohong 三道红, Huayao 花腰, Muji 母基)
* Nibo 尼泼 (exonyms and other names: Sani 撒尼, Azhe 阿哲)
* Gepo 葛泼 (exonyms and other names: White Yi 白彝)
* Siqi 斯期 (exonyms and other names: Large Black Yi 大黑彝, Small Black Yi 小黑彝)
* Axibo 阿细泼 (exonyms and other names: Axi 阿细)
* Puwabo 朴瓦泼, Pulebo 普勒泼 (exonyms and other names: Pula 朴喇)
* Alubo 阿鲁泼 (exonyms and other names: Alu 阿鲁)
* Lesubo 勒苏泼 (exonyms and other names: Shansu 山苏)
* Luobo 罗泼 (exonyms and other names: Awu 阿务, Laowu 老乌)
* Xiangtang 香堂

## Transportation
### Roads

* G80 Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway
* G8011 Kaiyuan–Hekou Expressway
* G5615 Tianbao–Houqiao Expressway
* S45 Yuanjiang–Manhao Expressway
* China National Highway 219
* China National Highway 323
* China National Highway 326
* China National Highway 553

### Railways

The prefecture is crossed by the early-20th century narrow-gauge Kunming–Hai Phong Railway and its branches. These railways have lost most of their economic importance after the opening of the standard-gauge Kunming-Hekou railway (whose sections within the prefecture are the Yuxi–Mengzi Railway and the Mengzi–Hekou Railway).
The prefecture is also served by the Nanning–Kunming high-speed railway and Mile–Mengzi Railway (under construction).

### Airport

Honghe Mengzi Airport is being built in the prefectural capital Mengzi.