OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chizu Express HOT7000 series

The Chizu Express HOT7000 series (智頭急行HOT7000系) is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) tilting train type operated by the third-sector operating company Chizu Express and West Japan Railway Company (JR West) on Super Hakuto limited express services between Kyoto, Tottori, and Kurayoshi in Japan since December 1994.
The designation "HOT" is derived from the initials of the three prefectures along the route served: Hyogo Prefecture, Okayama Prefecture, and Tottori Prefecture.

## Formation

Trains are normally formed as five-car sets, sometimes lengthened to six cars.

## History

The first trains entered service on 3 December 1994.
Smoking compartments were added to cars 1 and 5 from 1 June 2008.
# Pacific Higher Naval School

The Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School (Russian: Тихоокеанское высшее военно-морское училище имени С. О. Макарова, romanized: Tikhookeanskoye vyssheye voyenno-morskoye uchilishche imeni S. O. Makarova) is one of the Russian Navy's two higher educational institutions under the Ministry of Defense of Russia, with this school being located in Vladivostok in Eastern Russia, the only naval educational institution in this region. It serves as a naval officer commissioning school for officers in the Pacific Fleet. It is named after the accomplished Russian oceanographer and commander of the Imperial Russian Navy, Vice-Admiral Stepan Makarov.

## History

It was first established as the Third Naval School on 8 November 1937 on the basis of a resolution Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on the formation of a naval school in the Far East. The school year began in January 1938, with first cadets being freshmen from the Frunze Naval School in Leningrad. It was renamed to the Pacific Naval School (TOVMU) in May 1939, and in 1940, the school was given the status of a university. On 21 April 1954, it received its current honorific name of Admiral Makarov. In September 1951, a navigational faculty and a mine-torpedo faculty was established at the school. Additional faculties were established in 1969, 1978 and 1995. Since 2009, the institute ceased to be an independent educational institution and became a branch of the Kuznetsov Naval Academy. In 2009, 18 females were admitted to the Faculty of Radio Communication for the first time. In 2014, the institute received the status of a Higher Naval School.
Since its foundation, the school has graduated around 13,000 naval officers. Graduation from the school is correlated with higher rates of promotion to the rank of vice admiral.

## Structure

Training of cadets is carried out at six faculties and one affiliated school.
* Faculty of Navigation
* Faculty of Mines and Torpedoes
* Faculty of Radio Engineering
* Faculty of Radio Communication
* Faculty of Coastal Forces and Naval Aviation Weapons
* School of Technicians

## Heads of the school

* Regimental Commissar Alexander Baruzdin (1937-1938)
* Captain 2nd Rank Alexey Poskotinov (1938-1943)
* Rear Admiral Krill Osipov (1943-1945)
* Rear Admiral Alexey Barinov (1951-1954)
* Vice-Admiral Pyotr Plotnikov (?—1965)
* Vice Admiral Valentin Starikov (1965-1972)
* Vice Admiral Boris Potekhin (1972-1977)
* Rear Admiral Boris Davidovich (1977-1980)
* Rear Admiral Igor Karmadonov (1980-1986)
* Rear Admiral Alexey Belousov (1986-1994)
* Vice-Admiral Valery Kozhevnikov (1994-2002)
* Vice Admiral Yevgeny Litvinenko (2002-2007)
* Captain 1st Rank Igor Leukhin (2007—2010)
* Rear Admiral Oleg Garamov (2010—2012)
* Captain 1st Rank Alexander Shevchenko (2012—2018)
* Rear Admiral Oleg Zhuravlev (2018—Present)

## Distinguished graduates of the school

* Viktor Chirkov, former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy
* Mikhail Khronopulo, former Commander of the Black Sea Fleet
* Vasily Arkhipov, a Soviet Navy officer credited with preventing a Soviet nuclear strike during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
# Opequon Historic District

Opequon Historic District is a national historic district located in Opequon near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It encompasses 33 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the village of Opequon. Notable buildings include Race Mills (ca. 1751, ca. 1812 additions, 1950s restoration) the oldest surviving building in the village, the Glass-Rinker-Cooper Mill (c. 1812), Greenwood, The Millhouse (1738 or 1756), Homespun (1771), the Hodgson (Bayliss) Store (late 1800s), The Second Opequon Presbyterian Church (1939), Tokes' Inn (late 1800s), and Bleak House (Bageant House).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# Rosencrans Cabin Historic District

The Rosencrans Cabin is part of a small historic district comprising five log buildings on three acres in Bridger-Teton National Forest, just east of Grand Teton National Park. The cabin was used by Rudolph "Rosie" Rosencrans, who played a role in the development of Teton National Forest and who later became a U.S. Forest Service administrator in the early 20th century. Rosencrans was buried at this location.
Rudolf "Rosie" Rosencrans was a native of Austria, graduating from the University of Vienna and qualified as an ocean navigator. He first visited Jackson Hole in 1900 and returned in 1903 to become a ranger in the Teton Division of the Yellowstone Timberland Reserve. Rosencrans built the first ranger station in the district, which was replaced in 1915 with the present complex. Rosencrans retired from the Forest Service in 1928 because of failing eyesight, and died in 1970 at 94.
Located to the west of Rosie's Ridge, the log cabin at the center of the district is about 33 feet (10 m) by 22 feet (6.7 m). The cabin contains a kitchen on the west side, with a bedroom and bathroom in an enclosed porch on the north side. The living room features a wood-burning stove. Another bedroom is in a lean-to addition on the east side.
Other buildings in the district include two log storage buildings, a log horse barn, and a privy. Rosencrans' grave is to the northeast of the barn, enclosed by a pole fence.
The cabin and surrounding structures are near the Forest Service's Old Blackrock Office, which was also associated with Rosencrans.
The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Bungo-Nakamura Station

Bungo-Nakamura Station (豊後中村駅, Bungo-Nakamura-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Kokonoe, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kyūdai Main Line and is located 83.1 km from the starting point of the line at Kurume.

## Layout

The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks at grade. The station building, rebuilt in 2010, is a traditional Japanese design with a thatched roof. It houses a waiting area as well as the premises and information centre of the Kokonoe Town Tourism Association. The association also acts as a kan'i itaku agent and manages the ticket window which is equipped with a POS machine but does not have a Midori no Madoguchi facility. Access to the opposite side platform is by means of a footbridge.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ ■ Kyūdai Main Line | for Ōita |
| 2 | ■ ■ Kyūdai Main Line | for Hita and Kurume |

## History

The private Daito Railway (大湯鉄道) had opened a track between Ōita and Onoya in 1915. The Daito Railway was nationalized on 1 December 1922, after which Japanese Government Railways (JGR) undertook phased westward expansion of the track which, at the time, it had designated as the Daito Line. By 1926, the track had reached Noya. Subsequently, the track was extended further west and Bungo-Nakamura was opened as the new western terminus on 28 October 1928. On 15 December 1929, Bungo-Nakamura became a through-station when the track was again extended to Bungo-Mori. On 15 November 1934, when the Daito Line had linked up with the Kyudai Main Line further west, JGR designated the station as part of the Kyudai Main Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Kyushu.
The original station building was a Japanese style timber building with a tiled roof. This was rebuilt in 2010 by Kokonoe Town authorities. The new building was still in traditional Japanese style with white plaster walls and a thatched roof. In April 2011, local residents opened a cafeteria in the station building which served meals made from local ingredients but this closed in March 2013. Subsequently, the Kokonoe Town Tourism Association moved its offices to the station building and set up an information centre there in October 2013.
* The old station building. This picture was taken in 2008.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2015, there were a total of 28,340 boarding passengers, giving a daily average of 78 passengers.

## Surrounding area

* Kokonoe Town Nogami Elementary School
* Kokonoe Town Midoriyo Junior High School
* Japan National Route 210
# Gold–aluminium intermetallic

Gold–aluminium intermetallic is a type of intermetallic compound of gold and aluminium that usually forms at contacts between the two metals. Gold–aluminium intermetallic have different properties from the individual metals, such as low conductivity and high melting point depending on their composition. Due to the difference of density between the metals and intermetallics, the growth of the intermetallic layers causes reduction in volume, and therefore creates gaps in the metal near the interface between gold and aluminium.
The production of gaps lowers the strength of the metal compound, which can cause mechanical failure at the joint, fostering the problems that the intermetallics causes in metal compounds. In microelectronics, these properties can cause problems in wire bonding.
The main compounds formed are usually Au$_5$Al$_2$ (white plague) and AuAl$_2$ (purple plague), both of which form at high temperatures, then Au$_5$Al$_2$ and AuAl$_2$ can further react with Au to form more stable compound, Au$_2$Al.

## Properties

Au$_5$Al$_2$ has low electrical conductivity and relatively low melting point. Au$_5$Al$_2$'s formation at the joint causes increase of electrical resistance, which can lead to electrical failure. Au$_5$Al$_2$ typically forms at 95% of Au and 5% of Al by mass, its melting point is about 575 °C, which is the lowest among the major gold-aluminum intermetallic compounds. AuAl$_2$ is a brittle bright-purple compound, with a composition of about 78.5% Au and 21.5% Al by mass.
AuAl$_2$ is the most thermally stable species of the Au–Al intermetallic compounds, with a melting point of 1060 °C (see phase diagram), which is similar to the melting point of pure gold. AuAl$_2$ can react with Au, therefore is often replaced by Au$_2$Al, a tan-colored substance, which forms at composition of 93% of Au and 7% of Al by mass. It is also a poor conductor and can cause electrical failure of the joint, which can further lead to mechanical failure.

## Voiding

At lower temperatures, about 400–450 °C, an interdiffusion process takes place at the junction, leading to formation of layers of different gold-aluminum intermetallic compounds with different growth rates. Gaps are formed as the denser and faster-growing layers consume the slower-growing layers. This process is known as the Kirkendall voiding, which leads to both increased electrical resistance and mechanical weakening of the wire bond. When the voids forms along the diffusion front, this process is aided by contaminants present in the lattice, and is known as the Horsting voiding, which is a similar process to the Kirkendall voiding.
# Taivassalo

Taivassalo (Finnish:; Swedish: Tövsala) is a municipality of Finland, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the city of Turku. It is located in the Southwest Finland region. The municipality has a population of 1,689 (31 October 2024) and covers an area of 217.68 square kilometres (84.05 sq mi) of which 77.23 km$^2$ (29.82 sq mi) is water. The population density is 12.04 inhabitants per square kilometre (31.2/sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Its neighboring municipalities are Kustavi, Masku, Mynämäki, Naantali, Uusikaupunki and Vehmaa.
The medieval sailing ship appearing in the coat of arms of Taivassalo refers to the maritime connections the coastguard already had during the Northern Crusades, as well as to the medieval naval weaponry, the surviving information of which comes from Taivassalo itself. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson, and the Taivassalo municipal council approved it at its meeting on October 21, 1953. The Ministry of the Interior approved the coat of arms for use on February 11, 1954.

## Name

Taivassalo literally means "sky island", however J. A. Lopmeri and Elias Lönnrot theorized that the initial word was originally taival/taipale, as the area was originally an island, by the time of the naming it may have been connected to the mainland by a thin isthmus (taipale) as a result of post-glacial rebound. The Swedish name Tövsala is an adaptation of the Finnish name.

## History

Taivassalo was first mentioned in 1350 as Thowesalu, when it was already a separate parish. It also included Velkua, Kustavi (originally Kivimaa) and Iniö until the 19th century.

## Notable people

* Emma Irene Åström (1847–1934)
* Reima Salonen (born 1955)
# Heroine (1972 film)

Heroína is a 1972 Argentine film directed by Raúl de la Torre and starring Graciela Borges, Pepe Soriano, Lautaro Murúa, and María Vaner. The film sold over 78,000 tickets in the first week of release.

## Plot

Peny, a 26-year-old translator struggling with her mental health, finds herself drawn into a tumultuous relationship with Javier González, a charming doctor from Puerto Rico she meets during a psychology conference held in Buenos Aires. As their connection deepens, Peny's past traumas resurface, leading to a breakdown and a subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia. Confronted with the challenges of her condition, Peny is forced to confront her demons and seek help. A surprising letter from González offers her a lifeline and the possibility of healing.

## Cast

* Graciela Borges as Penny Crespo, a young translator who is undergoing psychoanalysis.
* Pepe Soriano
* Lautaro Murúa as Dr. Javier González
* María Vaner
# Aru Ressha

The Aru Ressha (或る列車) is a luxury excursion train operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) in Japan since 2015. It comprises a two-car diesel-powered railcar heavily modified to parody the style, especially in its window treatment, of passenger cars supplied to Japan by the J. G. Brill Company of Philadelphia, United States of America in 1908.

## Overview

Details of the train, named the "Sweet Train", were first announced in 2014; it entered service on 8 August 2015.
The name derives from the sweets (desserts) served on board; meals are designed and created in a Japanese–French style by chef Yoshihiro Narisawa, owner of the eponymous restaurant in Tokyo.

## Design

The train consists of two modified former KiHa 47 series diesel railcars. It invokes the style and ambience of the luxurious, 12-wheel Brill passenger cars purchased by the Kyushu Railway in 1908. The purchase occurred just before the railway company was nationalized under the Railway Nationalization Act and the cars were never put into service.
The rebuilding project was overseen by industrial designer Eiji Mitooka, using scale models of the original coaches built by the railway modeller Nobutaro Hara. Car 1 (KiRoShi 47 9176) and Car 2 (KiRoShi 47 3505), formerly numbered KiHa 47 176 and 47 1505, were previously operated by JR Shikoku until withdrawn from service in 2011. Rebuilding work was carried out at JR Kyushu's Kokura General Rolling Stock Centre.

## Operations

Between July of one year to March of the following year, the train runs a daily round trip from Sasebo to Nagasaki, mostly on weekends. Between April and September, the train runs a daily round trip between Ōita and Hita. It was intended for the development of tourism and the local economy.
# Gilbert F. Smith

Gilbert F. Smith (March 18, 1846 - ?) was a potter, cattleman, and banker who served as a state legislator in Idaho. He was elected to the legislature in 1894 and then the Idaho Senate. He represented Washington County, Idaho.
He was born in Ohio to Henry, a native of Ireland, and Mary née Gilbert Smith. He had nine siblings. He served during the American Civil War. He became a potter before moving to Idaho. He raised cattle and owned property. He sold his cattle ranching business and removed to Meadows Valley, Idaho where he was president of Meadows Valley Bank.
He was foreman at F. M. Stout & Company for two years before heading west.
# Catoctin Furnace

Catoctin Furnace (also known as Catoctin Iron Furnace) is an historic iron forge located on Route 15 between Frederick and Thurmont in Catoctin Furnace, Maryland. Since it was closed in 1903, no forge has been at the site.

## History

Catoctin Furnace was constructed in 1774 by four brothers Thomas, Baker, Roger and James Johnson to produce pig iron from locally mined hematite. Operated as a blast furnace by 1776, this foundry provided ammunition (cannonballs) for the American Revolutionary War. Some sources state that it also provided cannons. They also state that iron from this furnace was (much later) used to make plates for the USS Monitor; however that is considered unlikely by researchers. Slaves operated the furnace during this time. In 2023 a research project identified 41799 descendants of these slaves and is considering to notify them. The Johnson brothers owned the furnaces at the site at first collectively, and after 1793 singly, until 1811.
Ultimately, three furnaces were built at the site, each named for the site. The first Catoctin Furnace was rebuilt a short distance away in 1787. The second, named Isabella was built in the 1850s by Jacob Kunkel (references give dates from 1853 to 1867). It still stands, within Cunningham Falls State Park.
The first two furnaces burned charcoal. The third, which opened in 1873, burned coke (some sources say anthracite coal, though this would be more costly). The entire complex closed in 1903 (attributed to rising costs and the too-late introduction of a rail link).

## Present day

The furnace's remains are located in Cunningham Falls State Park. A walking-tour handout is available in the park's visitor center.
In 1973, the Catoctin Furnace Historical Society, Inc. was formed by G. Eugene Anderson, Clement E. Gardiner, J. Franklin Mentzer, and Earl M. Shankle to “foster and promote the restoration of the Catoctin Furnace Historic District…and to maintain the same exclusively for educational and scientific purposes…to exhibit to coming generations our heritage of the past…” The Catoctin Furnace Historical Society, Inc., celebrates, studies, and preserves the rich history of this pre-revolutionary industrial village, including the architecture, cultural landscapes, lifeways, and foodways of the workers.
# Owl's Head Historic District

The Owl's Head Historic District is a residential area located on the west side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Among its 50 buildings is the former Iowa governor's mansion. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1978.

## History

Owl's Head was platted in 1888 when the area was part of the town of Greenwood Park. It was annexed by the city of Des Moines in 1890. At the time the subdivision was being developed the city's railways system was being consolidated, expanded, and electrified. One line ran a block north of Owl's Head on Ingersoll Avenue. This and other factors made Owl's Head a street car suburb. The other factors included the homogeneity of social class and income, the relatively homogeneous structures and the woody lots. The shingling and half-timber work in the architecture also suggests an attempt to flee the city, at least psychologically, into a rural ideal.

## Architecture

Five of Des Moines’ more prominent architectural firms contributed structures to the district: Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson, Sawyer and Watrous, Kraetsch and Kraetsch, and C.C. Cross. While a variety of styles exist in the district there are certain generalizations that can be made about the structures. The houses are fairly large and are two to three stories tall. They appear larger as they are situated on fairly small lots, which is consistent with areas near the streetcar lines. The roof ridge is generally parallel to the front of the house. Gables and dormers are prominent architectural features. The houses also tend to have a combination of more than one exterior surface material such as brick and stucco, clapboard and shingling or brick and shingling. A large percentage of the houses in the district were built in a rather narrow time span between 1905 and 1915. The styles employed are generally historicist in detail and contemporary in mass and scale.

## Former Iowa Governor’s Mansion

The house at 2900 Grand Avenue served as the Iowa governor's mansion from 1944 to 1976. It was built in 1905 for W.W. Witmer. The house was designed in the Palladian Georgian Revival style. The brick structure features a five-bay front with a central Palladian window on the second floor. A central pavilion that is framed by fluted Ionic pilasters protrudes from the house. Pilasters also adorn the corners of the main block and a full entablature is returned over the pilasters and defines the pavilion. A gabled dormer is centered over each side bay. The windows have a "Gothick" character and the first-floor windows feature Swan's-neck pediments. The interior follows a central hall design. After it served as the governor's mansion the house became office space for the Iowa Girls' High School Athletic Union.
# Geoffrey of Langley

Geoffrey of Langley was an English knight and ambassador of the 13th century. He participated in the crusade of Edward I of England in the Holy Land in the years 1270–71.
Geoffrey de Langley was also sent to the Mongol Il-Khanate court of Ghazan in 1291. Geoffrey left from Genoa, where he was joined by the Khan's ambassador to the West Buscarel of Gisolfe to go to the Mongol capital of Tabriz. The embassy is known in some detail because the financial accounts of it have remained. Geoffrey returned to Genoa on 11 January 1293.
Geoffrey of Langley was a member of the English knights under Edmond of Lancaster who went to France in 1294.
# Goldasht, Markazi

Goldasht (Persian: گلدشت) is a village in, and the capital of, Salehan Rural District of the Central District of Khomeyn County, Markazi province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,971 in 575 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,873 people in 610 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,938 people in 659 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# The Candy House

The Candy House may refer to:
* The Candy House (film), a 1934 short animated film
* The Candy House (novel), a 2022 novel by Jennifer Egan
* Mithayi Mane (also Candy House), a 2005 Indian film by Aarathi
# Greektown station

Greektown station is a Detroit People Mover station in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is located on Beaubien Street at Monroe Street in the Greektown Historic District, for which it is named. The station's lobby is located inside Hollywood Casino at Greektown, connected to the platform structure by a short skybridge. Its exterior features a large neon sculpture designed by Stephen Antonakos.
The station serves the casino property and the wider Greektown district, and is the nearest People Mover station to Second Baptist Church, the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, and the Wayne County Jail. In 2014, it was the busiest station on the People Mover, tallying a ridership of 559,048 that year.
From September 2011 to September 2012, the station was officially known as MetroPCS-Greektown, under a sponsorship deal with cellular carrier MetroPCS.