OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frédéric Cuvier

Georges-Frédéric Cuvier (French pronunciation:; 28 June 1773 – 24 July 1838) was a French zoologist and paleontologist. He was the younger brother of noted naturalist and zoologist Georges Cuvier.

## Career

Frederic was the head keeper of the menagerie at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris from 1804 to 1838. He named the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in 1825. The chair of comparative physiology was created for him at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in 1837. He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society in 1835.
He is mentioned in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (Chapter VII) as having worked on animal behaviour and instinct, especially the distinction between habit and instinct. He is also mentioned in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (Chapter 32) as having written on the topic of whales.

## Evolution

Cuvier has been described as the first scientist to use terms "héréditaire" (hereditary) in 1807 and "heredity" in 1812 in their now biological context. He used both words in promoting the inheritance of acquired characteristics based on his studies of animal behaviour.
Although an advocate of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, similar to his brother he denied the transmutation of species. He believed that behavioral patterns in animals change over time in relation to environmentally induced needs. Historian Robert J. Richards has written that Cuvier "did not believe that the anatomical patterns of species were modified over time (though he did admit they changed in nonessential ways through the inheritance of acquired characteristics... He was a behavioral evolutionist, if a modest one."

## List of selected publications
### Books

* Histoire naturelle des mammifères (4 vols., 1819–1842) (with Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire)
* De l’histoire naturelle des cétacés. Roret, Paris 1836
* Cuvier, Frédéric, ed. (1816–1845). Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les artes. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes. 61 vols (in French). Paris: F. G. Levrault.
* Observations préliminaires, pp. i–xxiv in Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles, by G. Cuvier, ed. 4, vol. 1. E. d’Ocagne, Paris, 1834.

### Papers

* Cuvier, F. (1808). Observations sur le chien des habitans de la Nouvelle-Hollande, précédés de quelques réflexions sur les facultés morales des animaux. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 458–476.
* Cuvier, F. (1812). Essais sur les facultés intellectuelles des brutes. Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philomat. 3: 217–218
# Iron powder

Iron powder has several uses; for example production of magnetic alloys and certain types of steels.
Iron powder is formed as a whole from several other iron particles. The particle sizes vary anywhere from 20-200 μm. The iron properties differ depending on the production method and history of a specific iron powder. There are three types of iron powder classifications: reduced iron powder, atomized powder, and electrolytic iron powder. Each type is used in various applications depending on their properties. There is very little difference in the visual appearances of reduced iron powder and atomized iron powder.

## Applications
### Automobiles

Most iron powders are used for automobile parts.

#### Engine parts

* Cam shaft pulley
* Cam shaft sprocket
* Crank shaft pulley
* Crank shaft sprocket
* Cap crank bearing
* Valve guide
* Valve seat
* Rocker arm chip
* Oil pump inner rotor
* Oil pump outer rotor

#### Steering parts, suspension, and brake parts

* Power steering rotor cam ring
* Pressure plate
* Rack guide
* Shock absorber
* Ball joint
* ABS sensor

#### Seats and door parts

* Seat lifter cam set
* Door mirror plate clutch
* Striker
* Slider

#### Transmission parts

* M/T Synchronizer hub
* A/T Hub clutch
* Synchronizer ring
* Retaining plate
* Synchronizer key
* Pressure plate
* Shift fork
* Turbine hub
* Weight governor
* Cam stater T. C.
* Outer race

### Other

Iron powder is also used for the following:
* Bearings and filter parts
* Machine parts
* Hand Warmers
* High strength/wear-resistant parts
* Magnetic materials
* Friction parts (mainly automobile parts)
* As a method of hydrogen storage
* As a fuel
* Oxygen scavengers – can be in small pouches separate from food or directly added to food, in which case it also serves as food fortification
# Simitis

Simitis (Greek: Σημίτης) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Costas Simitis (1936–2025), Greek politician
* Ilse Grubrich-Simitis (1936–2024), German psychoanalyst
* Spiros Simitis (1934–2023), Greek-German jurist
# Världen utanför (song)

Världen utanför is a song written by Calle Kindbom and Thomas G:son, and performed by Barbados during Melodifestivalen 2002, participating in the first semifinal in Växjö on 19 January 2002, from where it made it further through "Vinnarnas val" and finally to the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena, where it ended up 4th.
The song appeared on the band's album with the same name.
The single, which was released the same year, peaked at 14th position at the Swedish singles chart, and the song became a major hit.
The song also charted at Svensktoppen for three weeks between 13-27 April 2002, peaking at 5th position before leaving chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 14 |
# World Series Baseball '98

World Series Baseball '98 is a traditional baseball simulation video game by Sega, released in North America and South Korea for the Sega Saturn and Sega Genesis as a sequel to World Series Baseball II. The game was first released in Japan under the title 'Pro Yakyū Greatest Nine '97 which used the Nippon Professional Baseball license.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | Saturn | Sega Genesis |
| AllGame | N/A | |
| CNET Gamecenter | 8/10 | N/A |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 8/10 | N/A |
| Famitsu | 27/40 | N/A |
| Game Informer | 9/10 | N/A |
| GameFan | 84% | N/A |
| GameRevolution | A− | N/A |
| Next Generation | | N/A |
The Saturn version of World Series Baseball '98 received mostly positive reviews. The series' transition to polygonal graphics was generally approved of, particularly since the game still runs as fast as its predecessors, though multiple reviewers criticized that the bats are grossly out-of-proportion, saying they look like two-by-four lumber planks. Most also commented on the inability to trade players. However, the batting/pitching quadrant system was highly praised. Next Generation, in particular, argued that in conjunction with the deep fielding controls and management strategies, the quadrant system makes World Series Baseball '98 a genre-redefining game comparable to the likes of Doom and NFL GameDay 97. The reviewer stated, "Clearly, this is the new standard for baseball games, and there are no current games that even come close. Saturn may not have much, but it's got baseball." Other critics were more moderate, though still positive. GamePro concluded that the fast, fun nature of the game overrides its issues with graphics and sounds, and compared it favorably to contemporary baseball games on the Saturn such as Grand Slam. Kraig Kujawa and Dean Hager both said that it is inferior to MLB '98, but still very good, and Hager added, "I'll say for sure it's the best baseball game for the Saturn."
The Genesis version was released at the end of the console's lifespan and was largely ignored by the press. A brief review in GamePro criticized that the only improvements over World Series Baseball '96 are updated rosters and interleague play, making it only worth buying for those who do not yet have a baseball game for the Genesis.
During the inaugural Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated the Saturn version for "Console Sports Game of the Year", which was ultimately awarded to International Superstar Soccer 64.
# Thomas W. Sneddon Jr.

Thomas William Sneddon Jr. (May 26, 1941 – November 1, 2014) was the district attorney of Santa Barbara County, California. He had more than two decades of experience as a District Attorney, and more than three decades of experience as a prosecutor. He is best known for leading two investigations of Michael Jackson on child sexual abuse allegations in 1993 and 2005. His most famous case was when he was prosecuting child molestation charges against Jackson in the trial People v. Jackson in 2005, at the end of which Jackson was acquitted.

## Life and career

Sneddon was born in Los Angeles in 1941 and grew up in Northern California. In 1963 Sneddon graduated from the University of Notre Dame, where he was on the boxing team, and in 1966 from UCLA Law School, where he met his wife. From 1967 to 1969 he served in the U.S. Army.
From November 1969 until May 1977, Sneddon served as a Deputy District Attorney in Santa Barbara County. In 1977, he was promoted to the position of Supervisor of Criminal Operations. On January 3, 1983, Sneddon became the 33rd District Attorney of Santa Barbara County and was re-elected without opposition for five terms. In 2010 he retired from the DA's office.
A father of 9 children, Sneddon was Chair of the Committee for Child Support Enforcement since its inception in 1991. He was presented with a "Director's Award" in 1995 by the California Family Support Council. A year later he was appointed co-chair of the National District Attorney's Child Support Committee and invited by the US Attorney General Janet Reno to be a member of the Presidential Commission's Federal Task Force to review and enhance federal criminal prosecutions for failure to pay child support.

## Prosecution of Michael Jackson

His most publicized cases were his two investigations of Michael Jackson on child sexual abuse allegations in 1993/1994 and from 2003 to 2005. Jackson settled a related civil suit with a civil settlement of over $15 million to the plaintiff Jordan Chandler who ceased cooperating with investigators soon after receiving the settlement from Jackson. The grand jury was disbanded before it could make a decision on indictment.
The second set of allegations against Jackson resulted in a trial which ended on June 13, 2005, with Jackson's acquittal.
In 1995 Jackson wrote a song about him, titled "D.S."; Sneddon denied ever listening to the song.
Jackson reportedly kept an "enemy list" on which Sneddon appeared, along with Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, illusionist Uri Geller, music executive Tommy Mottola, attorney Gloria Allred, and Janet Arvizo, mother of a Jackson accuser.

## Death

Sneddon died on November 1, 2014. He was 73.
# Lealataua County

Lealataua County is a county in the Western District in American Samoa.

## History

In May 1956, the Aliʻi (High Chief) and tulafale (High Talking Chief) of Lealataua County were unable to reach a consensus on a single candidate for county chief. Consequently, Governor Richard Barrett Lowe intervened by setting a deadline for their discussions, requiring them to submit the names of all eligible and qualified candidates still under consideration by the county council.

## Demographics

Lealataua County was first recorded beginning with the 1912 special census. Regular decennial censuses were taken beginning in 1920.

## Villages

* Afao (including Atauloma)
* Amaluia
* 'Āmanave
* Asili
* Fagaili'i
* Fagamalo
* Agagulu
* Failolo
* Leone
* Poloa
* Nua
* Seʻetaga

## Landmarks

* Atauloma Girls School, in Atauloma
* Cape Taputapu National Natural Landmark, westernmost point on Tutuila Island
* Fagalele Boys School: May be the oldest building on Tutuila Island.
* Leone Congregational Christian Church (Siona), church in Leone with a historic monument dedicated to John Williams
* Leone Falls, waterfall in Leone
* Leone Healing Garden, in Leone
* Mauga o Alii (Mountain of Chiefs), in Leone
* Palagi Beach, beach in 'Āmanave
* Poloa Defensive Fortifications, in Poloa
* Tataga-Matau Fortified Quarry Complex, in Leone
# Charles Noyes Forbes

Charles Noyes Forbes (September 24, 1883 – August 9, 1920) was an American botanist who primarily worked on Hawaii.

## Early life

Forbes was born in Boylston, Massachusetts, on 24 September 1883. He was the oldest child of Edmund Cushing Forbes. His siblings were sister Carrie Hyde Forbes, born 1884, brother Edmund Cushing Forbes, Jr., born 1891, step-sister Ruth Persis Forbes, born 1900, and step-brother James Eli Forbes, born 1903 (two other step-brothers, Robert Long Forbes and Donald Long Forbes, died in infancy).
After finishing the elementary school Charles attended the Ray School in Southborough, Massachusetts from 1895 to 1897 and afterwards the high school at National City, California. In 1904, he joined the University of California where he graduated to Bachelor of Science in 1908. While being an undergraduate he worked as a cadet for the emergency service during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. During his senior year, on December 30, 1907, in Cedar Cañon, San Diego County, California, Forbes discovered a new species of cypress tree.

## Career

From 1908 to 1920 he was curator of Botany at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. During that time he made several expeditions to the bogs, cliffs, mountain ranges and valleys in the Hawaiian islands and collected many plant taxa which were new to science. In 1919 he was the first botanist who explored the flora of the Haleakalā bog in eastern Maui. Among the plants which were scientifically described by Forbes are several which are either very rare or even extinct, including Portulaca molokiniensis, Cyanea parvifolia, Hibiscadelphus bombycinus and Clermontia tuberculata. The International Plant Names Index listed 52 taxa described by Forbes. Species such as Pipturus forbesii and Cheirodendron forbesii were named in his honour.

### Legacy

In 1922, Willis Linn Jepson, then a full professor at the university and President of the California Botanical Society, named the new species Forbes discovered during his senior year, Cupressus forbesii, in memory of his former student. The species has recently been reclassified as Hesperocyparis forbesii.

## Personal life

In 1913, Forbes married Helen Jean ("Nell") Stokes (1884–1961), whom he had met the previous year during an extended visit to Hawaii from her home in Australia to see her brother, John F. G. Stokes, the museum's curator of Polynesian Ethnology. She was the daughter of Henry Edward Stokes and Clara Maude (née Josephson) Stokes. The couple had three children:
* Mary Noyes Forbes (1914–2010), who married Gerald Arthur Dolan, in 1937.
* Helen Jean Forbes (1916–2006), who married Howard Hiilani Adams, a son of Howard Whartenby Adams, in 1937.
* Douglas Gray Forbes (1918–1998), who married Vera Marie (née Chvany) Hussey.
Forbes died, at age 36, on 9 August 1920 in Honolulu.

## Footnotes

* The standard author abbreviation C.N.Forbes is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
# Allied Moving Services

Allied Moving Services is a moving company in Australia, New Zealand, United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. It maintains 40 branches across all states of Australia, and over 600 locations worldwide providing removal services across the entire country, and is a subsidiary of SIRVA.

## History

Allied Australia was established in 1926 as family-owned moving company named Downard Transport. In 1973 a joint venture was formed with Gascoyne Trading Company to enter the interstate freight forwarding market between Victoria and Western Australia. In 1982, British-based Pickfords, bought the company to form Downard Pickfords.
In 1991, as part of a global rebranding exercise, Downard Pickfords became Allied Pickfords. In 1996, Allied Pickfords was included in the sale of Pickfords by the National Freight Corporation to Allied Van Lines. In 1999 Allied Van Lines was purchased by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice and merged with North American Van Lines to become SIRVA.
In August 2020, as part of global rebranding, the company changed its name from Allied Pickfords Australia to Allied Moving Services, remaining a SIRVA subsidiary. The movers and drivers are often referred to in country as Allied Removalists.
Partners in New Zealand, United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, and Singapore have also transitioned from the brand name, 'Allied Pickfords' to 'Allied Moving Services'.

## Business

Allied Moving Services Australia has 400 year-round employees, with an additional 50-100 seasonal workers during the removals busy season, November to February.
# Nishi-Yonezawa Station

Nishi-Yonezawa Station (西米沢駅, Nishi-Yonezawa-eki) is a railway station in the city of Yonezawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Nishi-Yonezawa Station is served by the Yonesaka Line, and is located 6.5 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yonezawa Station.

## Station layout

The station has one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## History

Nishi-Yonezawa Station opened on September 28, 1926. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987.

## Surrounding area

* Yonezawa Uesugi clan cemetery (National Historic Site)
# Narushima Station (Yamagata)

Narushima Station (成島駅, Narushima-eki) is a railway station in the city of Yonezawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Narushima Station is served by the Yonesaka Line, and is located 9.6 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yonezawa Station.

## Station layout

The station has a single ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional line. The station building is a shelter built directly on the platform. The station is unattended.

## History

Narushima Station opened on 7 July 1961. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 287
* Dai Roku Middle School
* Hirohata Elementary School
# Imaizumi Station

Imaizumi Station (今泉駅, Imaizumi-eki) is a junction railway station in the city of Nagai, Yamagata, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the Yamagata Railway as a tenant.

## Lines

Imaizumi Station is a station on the JR East Yonesaka Line and is 23.0 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Yonezawa Station. It is also a station on the Yamagata Railway Flower Nagai Line, and is located 12.2 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Akayu Station.

## Station layout

The station has two island platforms serving four tracks connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Flower Nagai Line | for Miyauchi and Akayu |
| 2 | ■ Flower Nagai Line | for Nagai and Arato |
| 3 | ■ Yonesaka Line | for Uzen-Komatsu and Yonezawa |
| 4 | ■ Yonesaka Line | for Uzen-Tsubaki, Oguni and Sakamachi for Uzen-Komatsu and Yonezawa |

## History

Imaizumi Station opened on 15 November 1914 as a station on the Nagai Light Railway Line. The Yonesaka Line began operations from 28 September 1926. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, and became a station on the Yamagata Railway from 25 October 1988.
The Yonesaka Line (Imaizumi - Hagyū) and Flower Nagai Line (Imaizumi - Tokiniwa) share about 2 km of track. The junction point was called Shirakawa Junction (白川信号場, Shirakawa shingōjō).

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2016, the JR portion of the station was used by an average of 218 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). and the Yamagata Railway portion of the station was used by 612 passengers daily

## Surrounding area

* National Route 113
* National Route 287
* Okitama Public General Hospital
# Colin Muset

Colin Muset (fl. c. 1210–50 or 1230–70) was an Old French trouvère and a native of Lorraine. He made his living in the Champagne by travelling from castle to castle singing songs of his own composition and playing the vielle. These are not confined to the praise of courtly love that formed the usual topic of the trouvères, but contain many details of a jongleur's life. His complete works are eighteen: nine attributed in chansonniers, three self-referencing, and six whose attributions are based on modern scholarship (one of which is held to be mis-attributed in the manuscripts). Twenty one poems credited to him were edited and published by Joseph Bédier in 1912 (Paris). Two further editions appeared in 2005: one by Callahan and Rosenberg with translations into modern French, and, with translations into Italian, an edition by Massimiliano Chiamenti, which reduced his authentic corpus to sixteen poems. Oxford Music online (effectively New Grove 2001), lists 12 songs. Nine of his poems have surviving music. Seven are chansons jongleuresques, that is, songs describing the life of a jongleur. His three serventois condemn the avarice of the nobility, but his moralising is balanced by self-deprecating humour. He also wrote two descorts, one lai, and one cynical tenson with Jacques d'Amiens.
One of his patrons was Agnès de Bar, duchess of Lorraine.
The nickname "Muset" may derive from his inspiration ("muse") or from his habit of muser (wandering about, wasting time).
# Acetyllysine

Acetyllysine (or acetylated lysine) is an acetyl-derivative of the amino acid lysine. There are multiple forms of acetyllysine: this article is about N-ε-acetyl-L-lysine; another form is N-α-acetyl-L-lysine.
In proteins, the acetylation of lysine residues is an important mechanism of epigenetics. It functions by regulating the binding of histones to DNA in nucleosomes and thereby controlling the expression of genes on that DNA. Non-histone proteins are acetylated as well. Unlike the functionally similar methyllysine, acetyllysine does not carry a positive charge on its side chain.
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) catalyze the addition of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA onto certain lysine residues of histones and non-histone proteins. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from acetylated lysines.
Acetyllysine can be synthesized from lysine by the selective acetylation of the terminal amine group.
# Uzen-Narita Station

Uzen-Narita Station (羽前成田駅, Uzen-Narita eki) is a railway station in Nagai, Yamagata, Japan, operated by the Yamagata Railway.

## Lines

Uzen-Narita Station is a station on the Flower Nagai Line, and is located 21.0 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Akayu Station.

## Station layout

Uzen-Narita Station has a single side platform serving traffic in both directions. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Flower Nagai Line |||||
| Ayame-Kōen | | Local | | Shirousagi |

## History

Uzen-Narita Station opened on 11 December 1922. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, and became a station on the Yamagata Railway from 25 October 1988.

## Surrounding area

* Uzen-Narita Post Office
* Mogami River
# Minami-Nagai Station

Minami-Nagai Station (南長井駅, Minami-Nagai eki) is a railway station in Nan'yō, Yamagata, Japan, operated by the Yamagata Railway.

## Lines

Minami-Nagai Station is a station on the Flower Nagai Line, and is located 6.8 rail kilometers (about 4 rail miles) from the terminus of the line at Akayu Station.

## Station layout

Minami-Nagai Station has a single side platform serving traffic in both directions. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Flower Nagai Line |||||
| Tokiniwa | | Local | | Nagai |

## History

Minami-Nagai Station opened on 20 May 1960.

## Surrounding area

* Nagai Summary Court
* National Route 287