# List of birds of Ghana

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Ghana. The avifauna of Ghana included a total of 772 confirmed species as of August 2021. Of them, one has been introduced by humans. None are endemic. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of Avibase.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.
The following tags highlight several categories of occurrence other than regular migrants and residents.
* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Ghana (also called a vagrant)
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Ghana as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
* White-faced whistling-duck, Dendrocygna viduata
* Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (A)
* Knob-billed duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos
* Hartlaub's duck, Pteronetta hartlaubii
* Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiacus (A)
* Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna (A)
* Spur-winged goose, Plectropterus gambensis
* African pygmy-goose, Nettapus auritus
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata (A)
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope (A)
* Cape teal, Anas capensis (A)
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca (A)
* Common pochard, Aythya ferina (A)
* Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca (A)
* Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula (A)

## Guineafowl

Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae
Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.
* Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris
* White-breasted guineafowl, Agelastes meleagrides
* Western crested guineafowl, Guttera verreauxi

## New World quail

Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
Despite their family's common name, this species and one other are native to Africa.
* Stone partridge, Ptilopachus petrosus

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls, and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
* Latham's francolin, Peliperdix lathami
* Coqui francolin, Campocolinus coqui
* White-throated francolin, Campocolinus albogularis
* Blue quail, Excalfactoria adansonii
* Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
* Harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei (A)
* Ahanta francolin, Pternistis ahantensis
* Double-spurred francolin, Pternistis bicalcaratus

## Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
* Lesser flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor (A)

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
* Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
* Rock pigeon, Columba livia
* Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
* Afep pigeon, Columba unicincta
* Bronze-naped pigeon, Columba iriditorques
* European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur
* African collared-dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea (A)
* Mourning collared-dove, Streptopelia decipiens (A)
* Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
* Vinaceous dove, Streptopelia vinacea
* Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
* Black-billed wood-dove, Turtur abyssinicus
* Blue-spotted wood-dove, Turtur afer
* Tambourine dove, Turtur tympanistria
* Blue-headed wood-dove, Turtur brehmeri
* Namaqua dove, Oena capensis
* Bruce's green-pigeon, Treron waalia
* African green-pigeon, Treron calva

## Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small pigeon-like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
* Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus (A)
* Four-banded sandgrouse, Pterocles quadricinctus

## Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
* Arabian bustard, Ardeotis arabs (Ex)
* Denham's bustard, Neotis denhami
* White-bellied bustard, Eupodotis senegalensis
* Black-bellied bustard, Lissotis melanogaster

## Turacos

Order: Musophagiformes Family: Musophagidae
The turacos, plantain-eaters, and go-away-birds make up the family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain-eaters are brightly coloured, usually in blue, green, or purple. The go-away-birds are mostly grey and white.
* Great blue turaco, Corythaeola cristata
* Guinea turaco, Tauraco persa
* Yellow-billed turaco, Tauraco macrorhynchus
* Violet turaco, Musophaga violacea
* Western plantain-eater, Crinifer piscator

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
* Black-throated coucal, Centropus leucogaster
* Senegal coucal, Centropus senegalensis
* Blue-headed coucal, Centropus monachus
* Black coucal, Centropus grillii
* Blue malkoha, Ceuthmochares aereus
* Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius
* Levaillant's cuckoo, Clamator levaillantii
* Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
* Thick-billed cuckoo, Pachycoccyx audeberti
* Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
* Klaas's cuckoo, Chrysococcyx klaas
* Yellow-throated cuckoo, Chrysococcyx flavigularis
* African emerald cuckoo, Chrysococcyx cupreus
* Dusky long-tailed cuckoo, Cercococcyx mechowi
* Olive long-tailed cuckoo, Cercococcyx olivinus
* Black cuckoo, Cuculus clamosus
* Red-chested cuckoo, Cuculus solitarius
* African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis
* Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
* Pennant-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus vexillarius (A)
* Standard-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus longipennis
* Brown nightjar, Caprimulgus binotatus
* Red-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus ruficollis (A)
* Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus (A)
* Fiery-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus pectoralis
* Swamp nightjar, Caprimulgus natalensis
* Plain nightjar, Caprimulgus inornatus
* Freckled nightjar, Caprimulgus tristigma
* Long-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus climacurus

## Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
* Mottled spinetail, Telacanthura ussheri
* Black spinetail, Telacanthura melanopygia
* Sabine's spinetail, Rhaphidura sabini
* Cassin's spinetail, Neafrapus cassini
* Alpine swift, Apus melba
* Mottled swift, Apus aequatorialis
* Common swift, Apus apus
* Pallid swift, Apus pallidus (A)
* African swift, Apus barbatus
* Little swift, Apus affinis
* Horus swift, Apus horus
* White-rumped swift, Apus caffer
* Bates's swift, Apus batesi
* African palm-swift, Cypsiurus parvus

## Flufftails

Order: Gruiformes Family: Sarothruridae
The flufftails are a small family of ground-dwelling birds found only in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa.
* White-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura pulchra
* Buff-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura elegans
* Red-chested flufftail, Sarothrura rufa (A)
* Streaky-breasted flufftail, Sarothrura boehmi

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
* Corn crake, Crex crex (A)
* African crake, Crex egregia
* Gray-throated rail, Canirallus oculeus
* Spotted crake, Porzana porzana (A)
* Lesser moorhen, Paragallinula angulata
* Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
* Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni
* African swamphen, Porphyrio madagarscariensis
* Nkulengu rail, Himantornis haematopus
* Striped crake, Amaurornis marginalis
* Black crake, Zapornia flavirostra
* Little crake, Zapornia parva (A)
* Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla

## Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
* African finfoot, Podica senegalensis

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
* Black crowned-crane, Balearica pavonina (Ex)

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
* Water thick-knee, Burhinus vermiculatus
* Eurasian thick-knee, Burhinus oedicnemus
* Senegal thick-knee, Burhinus senegalensis
* Spotted thick-knee, Burhinus capensis

## Egyptian plover

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Pluvianidae
The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River.
* Egyptian plover, Pluvianus aegyptius

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
* Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
* Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
* Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (A)
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
* Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus
* Black-headed lapwing, Vanellus tectus
* White-headed lapwing, Vanellus albiceps
* Senegal lapwing, Vanellus lugubris
* Wattled lapwing, Vanellus senegallus
* Brown-chested lapwing, Vanellus superciliosus (A)
* Kittlitz's plover, Charadrius pecuarius
* Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
* Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
* Three-banded plover, Charadrius tricollaris (A)
* Forbes's plover, Charadrius forbesi
* White-fronted plover, Charadrius marginatus

## Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.
* Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

## Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
* Lesser jacana, Microparra capensis (A)
* African jacana, Actophilornis africanus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina (A)
* Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (A)
* Little stint, Calidris minuta
* White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (A)
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
* Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus (A)
* Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (A)
* Great snipe, Gallinago media
* Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
* Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus (A)
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus (A)
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
* Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
* Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
* Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (A)
* Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
* Common redshank, Tringa totanus

## Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
* Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvaticus
* Black-rumped buttonquail, Turnix nanus
* Quail-plover, Ortyxelos meiffrenii

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
* Temminck's courser, Cursorius temminckii
* Bronze-winged courser, Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
* Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
* Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni (A)
* Rock pratincole, Glareola nuchalis
* Gray pratincole, Glareola cinerea (A)

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
* Great skua, Stercorarius skua (A)
* South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus (A)
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
* Sabine's gull, Xema sabini (A)
* Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei (A)
* Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (A)
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
* Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
* Audouin's gull, Ichthyaetus audouinii (A)
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Brown noddy, Anous stolidus (A)
* Black noddy, Anous minutus (A)
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (A)
* Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus (A)
* Little tern, Sternula albifrons
* Damara tern, Sternula balaenarum
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* Black tern, Chlidonias niger
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
* Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
* Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo
* Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea
* Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
* Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis (A)
* West African crested tern, Thalasseus albididorsalis
* African skimmer, Rynchops flavirostris

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
* White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
* European storm-petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus (A)
* Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous
* Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro (A)

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
* Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea (A)
* Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis (A)
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea (A)
* Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (A)

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
* African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus
* Black stork, Ciconia nigra
* Abdim's stork, Ciconia abdimii
* African woolly-necked stork, Ciconia microscelis
* White stork, Ciconia ciconia
* Saddle-billed stork, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
* Marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumenifer
* Yellow-billed stork, Mycteria ibis (A)

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
* Ascension frigatebird, Fregata aquila (A)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
* Cape gannet, Morus capensis (A)

## Anhingas

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
* African darter, Anhinga rufa

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
* Long-tailed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (A)

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. They have webbed feet with four toes.
* Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
* Pink-backed pelican, Pelecanus rufescens (A)

## Hamerkop

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Scopidae
The hamerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over.
* Hamerkop, Scopus umbretta

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
* Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris (A)
* Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
* Dwarf bittern, Ixobrychus sturmii
* White-crested bittern, Tigriornis leucolophus
* Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
* Black-headed heron, Ardea melanocephala
* Goliath heron, Ardea goliath
* Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta
* Western reef-heron, Egretta gularis
* Black heron, Egretta ardesiaca
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
* Striated heron, Butorides striata
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* White-backed night-heron, Gorsachius leuconotus

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
* Spot-breasted ibis, Bostrychia rara
* Hadada ibis, Bostrychia hagedash
* African spoonbill, Platalea alba (A)

## Secretarybird

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Sagittariidae
The secretarybird is a bird of prey in the order Accipitriformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs.
* Secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
* Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
* Scissor-tailed kite, Chelictinia riocourii
* African harrier-hawk, Polyboroides typus
* Palm-nut vulture, Gypohierax angolensis
* European honey buzzard, Pernis apivorus
* African cuckoo-hawk, Aviceda cuculoides
* White-headed vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis
* Hooded vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus
* White-backed vulture, Gyps africanus
* Rüppell's griffon, Gyps rueppelli (A)
* Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
* Congo serpent-eagle, Dryotriorchis spectabilis
* Short-toed snake-eagle, Circaetus gallicus
* Beaudouin's snake-eagle, Circaetus beaudouini
* Brown snake-eagle, Circaetus cinereus
* Banded snake-eagle, Circaetus cinerascens
* Bat hawk, Macheiramphus alcinus
* Crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus
* Martial eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus
* Long-crested eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis
* Wahlberg's eagle, Hieraaetus wahlbergi
* Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
* Ayres's hawk-eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii
* Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
* Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca (A)
* Cassin's hawk-eagle, Aquila africana
* African hawk-eagle, Aquila spilogaster
* Lizard buzzard, Kaupifalco monogrammicus
* Dark chanting-goshawk, Melierax metabates
* Gabar goshawk, Micronisus gabar
* Grasshopper buzzard, Butastur rufipennis
* Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
* Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
* Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
* African goshawk, Accipiter tachiro
* Shikra, Accipiter badius
* Red-thighed sparrowhawk, Accipiter erythropus
* Ovambo sparrowhawk, Accipiter ovampensis
* Black goshawk, Accipiter melanoleucus
* Long-tailed hawk, Urotriorchis macrourus
* Black kite, Milvus migrans
* African fish-eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer
* Common buzzard, Buteo buteo (A)
* Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus (A)
* Red-necked buzzard, Buteo auguralis

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
* Western barn owl, Tyto alba

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Sandy scops-owl, Otus icterorhynchus
* Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops (A)
* African scops-owl, Otus senegalensis
* Northern white-faced owl, Ptilopsis leucotis
* Maned owl, Jubula lettii
* Grayish eagle-owl, Bubo cinerascens
* Fraser's eagle-owl, Bubo poensis
* Shelley's eagle-owl, Bubo shelleyi (A)
* Verreaux's eagle-owl, Bubo lacteus
* Akun eagle-owl, Bubo leucostictus
* Pel's fishing-owl, Scotopelia peli
* Rufous fishing-owl, Scotopelia ussheri
* Pearl-spotted owlet, Glaucidium perlatum
* Red-chested owlet, Glaucidium tephronotum
* African barred owlet, Glaucidium capense
* African wood-owl, Strix woodfordii
* Marsh owl, Asio capensis

## Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.
* Narina trogon, Apaloderma narina

## Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white, and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
* Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

## Woodhoopoes and scimitarbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Phoeniculidae
The woodhoopoes are related to the hoopoes, ground-hornbills, and hornbills. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green, or purple, and lack an erectile crest.
* Green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
* White-headed woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus bollei
* Forest woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus castaneiceps
* Black scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus aterrimus

## Ground-hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucorvidae
The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds which feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians.
* Abyssinian ground-hornbill, Bucorvus abyssinicus

## Hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucerotidae
Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.
* Red-billed dwarf hornbill, Lophoceros camurus
* African pied hornbill, Lophoceros fasciatus
* African gray hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus
* Northern red-billed hornbill, Tockus erythrorhynchus
* White-crested hornbill, Horizocerus albocristatus
* Black dwarf hornbill, Horizocerus hartlaubi
* Black-casqued hornbill, Ceratogymna atrata
* Yellow-casqued hornbill, Ceratogymna elata
* Black-and-white-casqued hornbill, Bycanistes subcylindricus
* Brown-cheeked hornbill, Bycanistes cylindricus
* Piping hornbill, Bycanistes fistulator

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
* Shining-blue kingfisher, Alcedo quadribrachys
* Malachite kingfisher, Corythornis cristatus
* White-bellied kingfisher, Corythornis leucogaster
* African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta
* African dwarf kingfisher, Ispidina lecontei
* Chocolate-backed kingfisher, Halcyon badia
* Gray-headed kingfisher, Halcyon leucocephala
* Woodland kingfisher, Halcyon senegalensis
* Blue-breasted kingfisher, Halcyon malimbica
* Striped kingfisher, Halcyon chelicuti
* Giant kingfisher, Megaceryle maximus
* Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
* Black bee-eater, Merops gularis
* Blue-moustached bee-eater, Merops mentalis
* Red-throated bee-eater, Merops bulocki
* Little bee-eater, Merops pusillus
* Swallow-tailed bee-eater, Merops hirundineus
* Black-headed bee-eater, Merops breweri
* White-throated bee-eater, Merops albicollis
* African green bee-eater, Merops viridissimus (A)
* Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
* European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
* Rosy bee-eater, Merops malimbicus
* Northern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicus

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
* European roller, Coracias garrulus (A)
* Abyssinian roller, Coracias abyssinicus
* Rufous-crowned roller, Coracias naevius
* Blue-bellied roller, Coracias cyanogaster
* Broad-billed roller, Eurystomus glaucurus
* Blue-throated roller, Eurystomus gularis

## African barbets

Order: Piciformes Family: Lybiidae
The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.
* Yellow-billed barbet, Trachyphonus purpuratus
* Bristle-nosed barbet, Gymnobucco peli
* Naked-faced barbet, Gymnobucco calvus
* Speckled tinkerbird, Pogoniulus scolopaceus
* Red-rumped tinkerbird, Pogoniulus atroflavus
* Yellow-throated tinkerbird, Pogoniulus subsulphureus
* Yellow-rumped tinkerbird, Pogoniulus bilineatus
* Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus
* Yellow-spotted barbet, Buccanodon duchaillui
* Hairy-breasted barbet, Tricholaema hirsuta
* Vieillot's barbet, Lybius vieilloti
* Double-toothed barbet, Lybius bidentatus
* Bearded barbet, Lybius dubius

## Honeyguides

Order: Piciformes Family: Indicatoridae
Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive.
* Cassin's honeyguide, Prodotiscus insignis
* Wahlberg's honeyguide, Prodotiscus regulus (A)
* Yellow-footed honeyguide, Melignomon eisentrauti
* Willcocks's honeyguide, Indicator willcocksi
* Least honeyguide, Indicator exilis
* Lesser honeyguide, Indicator minor
* Spotted honeyguide, Indicator maculatus
* Greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
* Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
* African piculet, Verreauxia africana
* Melancholy woodpecker, Chloropicus lugubris
* Cardinal woodpecker, Chloropicus fuscescens
* Fire-bellied woodpecker, Chloropicus pyrrhogaster
* Brown-backed woodpecker, Chloropicus obsoletus
* African gray woodpecker, Chloropicus goertae
* Brown-eared woodpecker, Campethera caroli
* Buff-spotted woodpecker, Campethera nivosa
* Little green woodpecker, Campethera maculosa
* Green-backed woodpecker, Campethera cailliautii
* Fine-spotted woodpecker, Campethera punctuligera
* Golden-tailed woodpecker, Campethera abingoni

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
* Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni (A)
* Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
* Fox kestrel, Falco alopex
* Gray kestrel, Falco ardosiaceus
* Red-necked falcon, Falco chicquera
* Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus (A)
* Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae (A)
* Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo (A)
* African hobby, Falco cuvierii
* Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
* Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri
* Black-collared lovebird, Agapornis swindernianus
* Red-headed lovebird, Agapornis pullarius

## African and New World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.
* Gray parrot, Psittacus erithacus
* Brown-necked parrot, Poicephalus fuscicollis
* Red-fronted parrot, Poicephalus gulielmi
* Senegal parrot, Poicephalus senegalus

## African and green broadbills

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calyptomenidae
The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.
* African broadbill, Smithornis capensis
* Rufous-sided broadbill, Smithornis rufolateralis

## Pittas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails, and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects, and similar invertebrates.
* African pitta, Pitta angolensis

## Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.
* White-breasted cuckooshrike, Coracina pectoralis
* Ghana cuckooshrike, Campephaga lobatus
* Red-shouldered cuckooshrike, Campephaga phoenicea
* Purple-throated cuckooshrike, Campephaga quiscalina
* Blue cuckooshrike, Cyanograucalus azureus

## Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
* Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus (A)
* African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus
* Western black-headed oriole, Oriolus brachyrhynchus
* Black-winged oriole, Oriolus nigripennis

## Wattle-eyes and batises

Order: Passeriformes Family: Platysteiridae
The wattle-eyes, or puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group.
* Brown-throated wattle-eye, Platysteira cyanea
* West African wattle-eye, Platysteira hormophora
* Red-cheeked wattle-eye, Platysteira blissetti
* Senegal batis, Batis senegalensis
* West African batis, Batis occulta

## Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vangidae
The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.
* White helmetshrike, Prionops plumatus
* Red-billed helmetshrike, Prionops caniceps
* African shrike-flycatcher, Megabyas flammulatus
* Black-and-white shrike-flycatcher, Bias musicus

## Bushshrikes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae
Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive.
* Brubru, Nilaus afer
* Northern puffback, Dryoscopus gambensis
* Sabine's puffback, Dryoscopus sabini
* Marsh tchagra, Tchagra minutus
* Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegalus
* Brown-crowned tchagra, Tchagra australis
* Tropical boubou, Laniarius major
* Yellow-crowned gonolek, Laniarius barbarus
* Lowland sooty boubou, Laniarius leucorhynchus
* Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, Telophorus sulfureopectus
* Many-colored bushshrike, Telophorus multicolor
* Fiery-breasted bushshrike, Malaconotus cruentus
* Lagden's bushshrike, Malaconotus lagdeni
* Gray-headed bushshrike, Malaconotus blanchoti

## Drongos

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.
* Western square-tailed drongo, Dicrurus occidentalis
* Shining drongo, Dicrurus atripennis
* Glossy-backed drongo, Dicrurus divaricatus
* Fanti drongo, Dicrurus atactus
* Velvet-mantled drongo, Dicrurus modestus

## Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
* Blue-headed crested-flycatcher, Trochocercus nitens
* Black-headed paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone rufiventer
* African paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone viridis

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
* Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
* Emin's shrike, Lanius gubernator
* Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor (A)
* Yellow-billed shrike, Lanius corvinus
* Northern fiscal, Lanius humeralis
* Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
* Piapiac, Ptilostomus afer
* Pied crow, Corvus albus

## Rockfowl

Order: Passeriformes Family: Picathartidae
Rockfowl are lanky birds with long necks, tails, and legs, crow-like bills, and strong feet adapted to terrestrial feeding. They are similar in size and structure to the completely unrelated roadrunners, but they hop rather than walk. They also have brightly coloured unfeathered heads.
* White-necked rockfowl, Picathartes gymnocephalus

## Hyliotas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hyliotidae
The members of this small family, all of genus Hyliota, are birds of the forest canopy. They tend to feed in mixed-species flocks.
* Yellow-bellied hyliota, Hyliota flavigaster
* Violet-backed hyliota, Hyliota violacea

## Fairy flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Stenostiridae
Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".
* African blue flycatcher, Elminia longicauda
* Dusky crested-flycatcher, Elminia nigromitrata

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
* White-shouldered black-tit, Melaniparus guineensis
* Dusky tit, Melaniparus funereus

## Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
* Yellow penduline-tit, Anthoscopus parvulus
* Forest penduline-tit, Anthoscopus flavifrons

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
* Rufous-rumped lark, Pinarocorys erythropygia
* Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark, Eremopterix leucotis
* Flappet lark, Mirafra rufocinnamomea
* Horsfield's bushlark, Mirafra javanica
* Sun lark, Galerida modesta

## Nicators

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nicatoridae
The nicators are shrike-like, with hooked bills. They are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.
* Western nicator, Nicator chloris

## African warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Macrosphenidae
African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara.
* Green crombec, Sylvietta virens
* Lemon-bellied crombec, Sylvietta denti
* Northern crombec, Sylvietta brachyura
* Moustached grass-warbler, Melocichla mentalis
* Kemp's longbill, Macrosphenus kempi
* Gray longbill, Macrosphenus concolor
* Green hylia, Hylia prasina
* Tit-hylia, Pholidornis rushiae

## Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
* Senegal eremomela, Eremomela pusilla
* Rufous-crowned eremomela, Eremomela badiceps
* Green-backed camaroptera, Camaroptera brachyura
* Yellow-browed camaroptera, Camaroptera superciliaris
* Olive-green camaroptera, Camaroptera chloronota
* Black-capped apalis, Apalis nigriceps
* Yellow-breasted apalis, Apalis flavida
* Sharpe's apalis, Apalis sharpii
* Tawny-flanked prinia, Prinia subflava
* Red-winged prinia, Prinia erythroptera
* Black-capped rufous-warbler, Bathmocercus cerviniventris
* Oriole warbler, Hypergerus atriceps
* Red-faced cisticola, Cisticola erythrops
* Singing cisticola, Cisticola cantans
* Whistling cisticola, Cisticola lateralis
* Rock-loving cisticola, Cisticola aberrans
* Dorst's cisticola, Cisticola guinea
* Winding cisticola, Cisticola galactotes
* Croaking cisticola, Cisticola natalensis
* Siffling cisticola, Cisticola brachypterus
* Rufous cisticola, Cisticola rufus
* Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
* Black-backed cisticola, Cisticola eximius

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
* Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida
* Western olivaceous warbler, Iduna opaca
* Melodious warbler, Hippolais polyglotta
* Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina (A)
* Aquatic warbler, Acrocephalus paludicola (A)
* Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
* Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
* Greater swamp warbler, Acrocephalus rufescens
* Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
* Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides
* Common grasshopper-warbler, Locustella naevia (A)
* Little rush warbler, Bradypterus baboecala

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
* Plain martin, Riparia paludicola
* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Banded martin, Neophedina cincta
* Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Red-chested swallow, Hirundo lucida
* Ethiopian swallow, Hirundo aethiopica
* White-throated blue swallow, Hirundo nigrita
* Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
* Pied-winged swallow, Hirundo leucosoma
* Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
* Lesser striped swallow, Cecropis abyssinica
* Rufous-chested swallow, Cecropis semirufa
* Mosque swallow, Cecropis senegalensis
* Preuss's swallow, Petrochelidon preussi
* Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
* Square-tailed sawwing, Psalidoprocne nitens
* Fanti sawwing, Psalidoprocne obscura
* Gray-rumped swallow, Pseudhirundo griseopyga

## Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
* Slender-billed greenbul, Stelgidillas gracilirostris
* Golden greenbul, Calyptocichla serinus
* Red-tailed bristlebill, Bleda syndactylus
* Green-tailed bristlebill, Bleda eximius
* Gray-headed bristlebill, Bleda canicapillus
* Simple greenbul, Chlorocichla simplex
* Honeyguide greenbul, Baeopogon indicator
* Yellow-throated greenbul, Atimastillas flavicollis
* Spotted greenbul, Ixonotus guttatus
* Swamp greenbul, Thescelocichla leucopleura
* Red-tailed greenbul, Criniger calurus
* Western bearded-greenbul, Criniger barbatus
* Yellow-bearded greenbul, Criniger olivaceus
* Gray greenbul, Eurillas gracilis
* Ansorge's greenbul, Eurillas ansorgei
* Plain greenbul, Eurillas curvirostris
* Yellow-whiskered greenbul, Eurillas latirostris
* Little greenbul, Eurillas virens
* Leaf-love, Phyllastrephus scandens
* Baumann's greenbul, Phyllastrephus baumanni
* Icterine greenbul, Phyllastrephus icterinus
* White-throated greenbul, Phyllastrephus albigularis
* Common bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus

## Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
* Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
* Western Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus bonelli
* Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
* Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
* Iberian chiffchaff, Phylloscopus ibericus

## Bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place genus Erythrocerus in another family.
* Chestnut-capped flycatcher, Erythrocercus mccallii

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. As another common name, Old World warblers, implies, they mainly occur as breeding species in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
* Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
* Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
* Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.
* Northern yellow white-eye, Zosterops senegalensis

## Ground babblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pellorneidae
These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus Illadopsis are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands.
* Brown illadopsis, Illadopsis fulvescens
* Pale-breasted illadopsis, Illadopsis rufipennis
* Blackcap illadopsis, Illadopsis cleaveri
* Puvel's illadopsis, Illadopsis puveli
* Rufous-winged illadopsis, Illadopsis rufescens

## Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.
* Capuchin babbler, Phyllanthus atripennis
* Brown babbler, Turdoides plebejus
* Blackcap babbler, Turdoides reinwardtii

## Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
* African spotted creeper, Salpornis salvadori

## Oxpeckers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Buphagidae
As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals.
* Yellow-billed oxpecker, Buphagus africanus

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
* Wattled starling, Creatophora cinerea (A)
* Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)
* Violet-backed starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
* Chestnut-winged starling, Onychognathus fulgidus
* Narrow-tailed starling, Poeoptera lugubris
* Copper-tailed starling, Hylopsar cupreocauda
* Long-tailed glossy starling, Lamprotornis caudatus
* Splendid starling, Lamprotornis splendidus
* Chestnut-bellied starling, Lamprotornis pulcher
* Lesser blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chloropterus
* Greater blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chalybaeus
* Purple starling, Lamprotornis purpureus
* Bronze-tailed starling, Lamprotornis chalcurus

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* Finsch's flycatcher-thrush, Neocossyphus finschi
* White-tailed ant-thrush, Neocossyphus poensis
* Gray ground-thrush, Geokichla princei
* African thrush, Turdus pelios

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
* Little flycatcher, Muscicapa epulata
* Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
* Gambaga flycatcher, Muscicapa gambagae
* Swamp flycatcher, Muscicapa aquatica
* Cassin's flycatcher, Muscicapa cassini
* Ussher's flycatcher, Bradornis ussheri
* Dusky-blue flycatcher, Bradornis comitatus
* Pale flycatcher, Agricola pallidus
* White-browed forest-flycatcher, Fraseria cinerascens
* African forest-flycatcher, Fraseria ocreata
* Gray-throated tit-flycatcher, Frazeria griseigularis
* Gray tit-flycatcher, Frazeria plumbea
* Olivaceous flycatcher, Fraseria olivascens
* Tessmann's flycatcher, Fraseria tessmanni
* Ashy flycatcher, Fraseria caerulescens
* Nimba flycatcher, Melaenornis annamarulae (A)
* Northern black-flycatcher, Melaenornis edolioides
* White-tailed alethe, Alethe diademata
* Forest scrub-robin, Cercotrichas leucosticta
* Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas galactotes (A)
* Blue-shouldered robin-chat, Cossypha cyanocampter
* Snowy-crowned robin-chat, Cossypha niveicapilla
* White-crowned robin-chat, Cossypha albicapillus
* Brown-chested alethe, Chamaetylas poliocephala
* Orange-breasted forest robin, Stiphrornis erythrothorax
* Lowland akalat, Sheppardia cyornithopsis
* Common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
* Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
* European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca
* Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus
* Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, Monticola saxatilis
* Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
* Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
* Mocking cliff-chat, Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris
* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
* Heuglin's wheatear, Oenanthe heuglini (A)
* White-fronted black-chat, Oenanthe albifrons
* Familiar chat, Oenanthe familiaris

## Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.
* Fraser's sunbird, Deleornis fraseri
* Mouse-brown sunbird, Anthreptes gabonicus
* Western violet-backed sunbird, Anthreptes longuemarei
* Little green sunbird, Anthreptes seimundi
* Green sunbird, Anthreptes rectirostris
* Collared sunbird, Hedydipna collaris
* Pygmy sunbird, Hedydipna platura
* Reichenbach's sunbird, Anabathmis reichenbachii
* Green-headed sunbird, Cyanomitra verticalis
* Blue-throated brown sunbird, Cyanomitra cyanolaema
* Olive sunbird, Cyanomitra olivacea
* Buff-throated sunbird, Chalcomitra adelberti
* Carmelite sunbird, Chalcomitra fuliginosa
* Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis
* Olive-bellied sunbird, Cinnyris chloropygius
* Tiny sunbird, Cinnyris minullus
* Beautiful sunbird, Cinnyris pulchellus
* Splendid sunbird, Cinnyris coccinigaster
* Johanna's sunbird, Cinnyris johannae
* Superb sunbird, Cinnyris superbus
* Variable sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
* Bates's sunbird, Cinnyris batesi
* Copper sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus

## Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black. Some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.
* White-billed buffalo-weaver, Bubalornis albirostris
* Speckle-fronted weaver, Sporopipes frontalis
* Chestnut-crowned sparrow-weaver, Plocepasser superciliosus
* Red-vented malimbe, Malimbus scutatus
* Blue-billed malimbe, Malimbus nitens
* Crested malimbe, Malimbus malimbicus
* Red-headed malimbe, Malimbus rubricollis
* Red-headed weaver, Anaplectes rubriceps
* Little weaver, Ploceus luteolus
* Slender-billed weaver, Ploceus pelzelni
* Olive-naped weaver, Ploceus brachypterus
* Orange weaver, Ploceus aurantius
* Vitelline masked-weaver, Ploceus vitellinus
* Heuglin's masked-weaver, Ploceus heuglini
* Chestnut-and-black weaver, Ploceus castaneofuscus
* Village weaver, Ploceus cucullatus
* Black-headed weaver, Ploceus melanocephalus
* Yellow-mantled weaver, Ploceus tricolor
* Maxwell's black weaver, Ploceus albinucha
* Preuss's weaver, Ploceus preussi
* Compact weaver, Pachyphantes superciliosus
* Red-headed quelea, Quelea erythrops
* Red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea
* Northern red bishop, Euplectes franciscanus
* Black-winged bishop, Euplectes hordeaceus
* Yellow-crowned bishop, Euplectes afer
* Yellow-mantled widowbird, Euplectes macroura
* Red-collared widowbird, Euplectes ardens
* Grosbeak weaver, Amblyospiza albifrons

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
* Bronze mannikin, Spermestes cucullatus
* Magpie mannikin, Spermestes fringilloides
* Black-and-white mannikin, Spermestes bicolor
* African silverbill, Euodice cantans
* Green-backed twinspot, Mandingoa nitidula
* Red-fronted antpecker, Parmoptila rubrifrons
* White-breasted nigrita, Nigrita fusconota
* Chestnut-breasted nigrita, Nigrita bicolor
* Gray-headed nigrita, Nigrita canicapilla
* Pale-fronted nigrita, Nigrita luteifrons
* Gray-headed oliveback, Delacourella capistrata
* Lavender waxbill, Glaucestrilda coerulescens
* Orange-cheeked waxbill, Estrilda melpoda
* Common waxbill, Estrilda astrild
* Black-rumped waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes
* Quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis
* Cut-throat, Amadina fasciata
* Zebra waxbill, Amandava subflava
* Red-cheeked cordonbleu, Uraeginthus bengalus
* Western bluebill, Spermophaga haematina
* Black-bellied seedcracker, Pyrenestes ostrinus
* Green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba (U)
* Red-winged pytilia, Pytilia phoenicoptera
* Red-faced pytilia, Pytilia hypogrammica
* Red-billed firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala
* African firefinch, Lagonosticta rubricata
* Black-bellied firefinch, Lagonosticta rara
* Bar-breasted firefinch, Lagonosticta rufopicta
* Black-faced firefinch, Lagonosticta larvata

## Indigobirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Viduidae
The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of waxbills and other estrildid finches.
* Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura
* Exclamatory paradise-whydah, Vidua interjecta
* Togo paradise-whydah, Vidua togoensis
* Village indigobird, Vidua chalybeata
* Wilson's indigobird, Vidua wilsoni
* Jambandu indigobird, Vidua raricola
* Baka indigobird, Vidua larvaticola
* Cameroon indigobird, Vidua camerunensis
* Variable indigobird, Vidua funerea
* Parasitic weaver, Anomalospiza imberbis

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
* Northern gray-headed sparrow, Passer griseus
* Sahel bush sparrow, Gymornis dentata

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
* Mountain wagtail, Motacilla clara
* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
* Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
* African pied wagtail, Motacilla aguimp
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba
* Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
* Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
* Plain-backed pipit, Anthus leucophrys
* Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
* Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
* Yellow-throated longclaw, Macronyx croceus

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
* White-rumped seedeater, Crithagra leucopygia
* Yellow-fronted canary, Crithagra mozambica
* West African seedeater, Crithagra canicapilla

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
* Brown-rumped bunting, Emberiza affinis
* Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana (A)
* Cabanis's bunting, Emberiza cabanisi
* Golden-breasted bunting, Emberiza flaviventris
* Gosling's bunting, Emberiza goslingi