OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perditorulus

Perditorulus is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae.
# Negro Hill (Delaware County, New York)

Negro Hill is a mountain located in the Catskill Mountains of New York northeast of Roxbury. Roundtop is located south-southwest, Clay Hill is located east and Ferris Hill is located northwest of Negro Hill.

## Toponymy

The hill was originally named Nigger Hill but was renamed Negro Hill in 1963, similar to hundreds of other places in the United States. Like many of these places named by white Americans with a racial slur, the name was originally given because slaves, freed slaves, or free African-American people lived there.
# American Bison Society

The American Bison Society (ABS) was founded in 1905 by the New York Zoological Society to help save the bison from extinction and raise public awareness about the species by pioneering conservationists and sportsmen including Ernest Harold Baynes (the Society's first secretary), William T. Hornaday, Madison Grant and Theodore Roosevelt.
Over 40 million American bison (Bison bison) once roamed the plains and grasslands from Mexico to central Canada, shaping the landscape with their migrations, grazing patterns, and behavior. By the 1870s, their populations had been decimated by westward expansion and over-hunting. An 1889 survey published by Hornaday, who would go on to become the first director of the Bronx Zoo, showed that approximately 1,000 bison remained in North America.

## History

The American Bison Society was formed to prevent the extinction of the American bison. In 1907, the ABS shipped 15 bison from the Bronx Zoo to the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge and Game Preserve in Oklahoma by cart and rail. This was the first animal reintroduction in North America. In 1908, following successful petitioning by ABS, the US Congress passed a bill to establish a permanent National Bison Range in Montana, provided that ABS raise the $10,000 needed to purchase the animals for the herd. They exceeded this fundraising goal, and in 1909, these animals were released on the new national range. In 1913, the New York Zoological Society (now the Wildlife Conservation Society), working with ABS, donated 14 bison to Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota, and ABS assisted in founding the herd at Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge in Nebraska. Because of the secure populations of bison in these public herds, the ABS considered their work done, and the organization was disbanded in 1935.
In 2005, the American Bison Society was re-launched by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to secure the ecological future of bison in North America.
On August 12, 2010, National Geographic published a progress report on the Wood Bison Recovery Program at Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center that is supported in part by WCS - North America.

## Archival Records

The Wildlife Conservation Society holds the William T. Hornday records, which contain all his ingoing and outgoing correspondence during his time as President of the ABS.
# Rush Historic District

The Rush Historic District is a zinc mining region of the Ozark Mountains in Arkansas. Now located within Buffalo National River, the district includes ruins dating from 1880 to 1940. The area was an important part of what became known as the North Arkansas Lead and Zinc District, and played a role in the development of railroads and modern infrastructure in the area.
During World War I the Rush Creek mines were the center of the zinc industry in Arkansas. Ten mining companies operated 13 developed mines within the district, more than in any other mining district within the North Arkansas District.
The buildings, structures, and ruins at Rush are the last visible remains of historic zinc mining activity in Arkansas. Of the other mining districts which once stretched across northern Arkansas, only limited debris now marks those sites. Rush is the only area left to retain not only the mines, but also buildings, structures, and ruins pertaining to mining and community life. The Rush Historic District exists today within the same environment and setting as it did during its periods of historic significance. Nearly as isolated today as it was historically, it has been little touched by time. The ghost town, mines, and waste piles visible on the bluffs immediately set the flavor of the district as an abandoned mountain mining community. The buildings, structures, ruins, and sites in the district exist in the same relationships as they did during the mining era.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
# Chris Braswell

Chris Braswell (born October 25, 2001) is an American professional football linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Alabama.

## Early life

Braswell was born on October 25, 2001, in Baltimore, Maryland, later attending Saint Frances Academy. After his senior season, he played in the 2020 Under Armour All-America Game. Braswell was rated a five-star recruit and committed to play college football at Alabama over offers from Georgia, LSU, Clemson, and Ohio State.

## Personal life

Braswell converted to Islam at the age of 10 years old. During his time in Alabama, he was an active member at the Islamic Society of Tuscaloosa. He has influenced several of his teammates to embrace the religion as well.

## College career

Braswell joined the Alabama Crimson Tide as an early enrollee in January 2020. He did not play in any games during his freshman season. Braswell played on Alabama's special teams unit and was a rotational pass rusher in 2021 and finished the season with 11 tackles, one tackle for loss, and two quarterback hurries. As a junior, he primarily served as the Crimson Tide's pass rush rotation and was part of the team's "cheetah" package, a defensive alignment that includes three outside linebackers instead of two. Braswell finished the season with 20 tackles, four tackles for loss, 2.5 sacks, six quarterback pressures, and one forced fumble. After considering entering the 2023 NFL Draft, he opted to return to Alabama for his senior season.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 3+3⁄8 in (1.91 m) | 251 lb (114 kg) | 33+1⁄4 in (0.84 m) | 9+3⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 4.60 s | 1.59 s | 2.67 s | 33.5 in (0.85 m) | 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine |||||||||
Braswell was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the second round (57th overall) of the 2024 NFL draft.
# Chijioke Chukwu

Chijioke Chukwu is a Nigerian politician. He was the former Minority Leader of the Abia State House of Assembly, representing the Bende North State Constituency.

## Career

In 2019, Chijioke was elected into the Abia State House of assembly under the platform of All Progressives Congress (APC) to represent Bende North State Constituency. After completing his tenure, he was appointed Special Assistant to the Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives on Intergovernmental Affairs.
In 2024, he was appointed by President Bola Tinubu as a member representing the South East in the newly established North West Development Commission (NWDC).
# Central Falls Mill Historic District

The Central Falls Mill Historic District is located between Roosevelt Avenue and the Blackstone River in Central Falls, Rhode Island. It encompasses a collection of six mill buildings, as well as a stone dam which impounds the river, representing the finest mill constructions in the city during the 19th century. The layout of the buildings, whose short ends face the river and Roosevelt Avenue, was defined by a series of trenches (now filled in) which channeled water from the river to power the machinery of the mills. The oldest building dates to 1825, and the most recent to c. 1910; all have been modified to some extent by later industrial tenants.
The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and was enlarged in 2018.
# Daiyūzan Line

The Daiyūzan Line (大雄山線, Daiyūzan-sen) is a commuter railway line in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Izuhakone Railway. The line connects Odawara Station in the city of Odawara with the Daiyūzan Station in the city of Minamiashigara.

## Stations

| No. | Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | Distance (km from Odawara) | Transfers | Location |
| ID01 | Odawara | 小田原 | - | 0.0 | JT Tokaido Main Line Tokaido Shinkansen Odakyu Odawara Line OH Hakone Tozan Line | Odawara, Kanagawa |
| ID02 | Midorichō | 緑町 | 0.4 | 0.4 | | Odawara, Kanagawa |
| ID03 | Isaida | 井細田 | 1.0 | 1.4 | | Odawara, Kanagawa |
| ID04 | Gohyakurakan | 五百羅漢 | 0.9 | 2.3 | | Odawara, Kanagawa |
| ID05 | Anabe | 穴部 | 0.8 | 3.1 | | Odawara, Kanagawa |
| ID06 | Iidaoka | 飯田岡 | 1.2 | 4.3 | | Odawara, Kanagawa |
| ID07 | Sagami-Numata | 相模沼田 | 0.7 | 5.0 | | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa |
| ID08 | Iwahara | 岩原 | 1.0 | 6.0 | | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa |
| ID09 | Tsukahara | 塚原 | 0.3 | 6.3 | | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa |
| ID10 | Wadagahara | 和田河原 | 1.9 | 8.2 | | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa |
| ID11 | Fujifilm-Mae | 富士フイルム前 | 0.9 | 9.1 | | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa |
| ID12 | Daiyūzan | 大雄山 | 0.5 | 9.6 | | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa |

## Rolling stock

As of April 1, 2016, the line is operated using a fleet of seven three-car 5000 series electric multiple unit (EMU) trainsets.

## History

The line opened on October 15, 1925, as the Daiyūzan Railway, between Kari-Odawara Station (仮小田原駅) and Daiyūzan Station, with a track gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) and an overhead power supply of 600 V. The terminus of the line was moved from Kari-Odawara to Shin-Odawara Station (新小田原駅), close to the present-day Midorichō Station on April 10, 1927, and finally to Odawara Station on June 16, 1935. The Daiyūzan Line was merged with the Sunzu Line on August 23, 1941, and became part of the Izuhakone Railway from June 1, 1957. From November 25, 1976, the power rating on the line was raised from 600 volts to 1,500 volts. Automatic ticket gates were installed on all stations by 2003, and were upgraded to accept both the Suica and PASMO IC Card systems by March 2007.
# Degustation

Dégustation is the careful, appreciative tasting of various food, focusing on the gustatory system, the senses, high culinary art and good company. Dégustation is more likely to involve sampling small portions of all of a chef's signature dishes in one sitting. Usually consisting of many courses, it may be accompanied by a matching wine degustation which complements each dish.

## History

The French term dégustation is still commonly used in English-language contexts. Modern dégustation probably comes from the French kitchens of the early 20th century and is different from earlier meals with many courses because these meals were served as full-sized meals at each course.

## Examples

Sampling a selection of cheeses, at home or in a restaurant, may also be called a dégustation. Three to four varieties are normally chosen, generally including a semi-soft cheese, a goat's cheese, and a blue cheese. The stronger varieties are normally tasted last.
A six course dégustation may include two seafood, red meat and dessert items with matching wines while the same menu could have added a vegetarian item, and any other types of dish to expand the menu to (for example) a nine-course dégustation menu.
The popular Spanish style of tapas is similar to the dégustation style, but is not in itself a complete set menu offering the chefs' signature dishes, but instead offers a variety from which the diner can choose.
# Aquilegia pubescens

Aquilegia pubescens is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to the Sierra Nevada in California. It is usually known by the common name Sierra columbine, and less frequently as the alpine columbine (not to be confused with the European Aquilegia alpina) or Coville's columbine.

## Description

Aquilegia pubescens is a small species growing to 15–50 cm (5.9–19.7 in) in height. The rootstock is densely covered with the remains of previous years' leaves, and the stems are mostly smooth with sparse hairs towards the top. The leaves are ternate and the leaflets densely pubescent below, and somewhat less so on their upper surface. The 2–5 flowers are erect or spreading, rather than drooping. The characteristic nectar spurs may be up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long and the flowers up to 5 cm (2.0 in) wide. The sepals and the petals are generally cream or white, less often pink or yellow. The round, fused mouth protrudes, enclosing a cluster of long yellow stamens.

## Taxonomy

Aquilegia pubescens is part of a clade containing all the North American species of columbines that likely split from their closest relatives in East Asia in the mid-Pliocene, approximately 3.84 million years ago. It is closely related to the hummingbird-pollinated Aquilegia eximia, Aquilegia flavescens, and Aquilegia formosa.
The Sierra columbine can hybridize with the lower-elevation Aquilegia formosa (crimson columbine) where their ranges overlap. This produces flowers with intermediate color, spur length, and orientation, as shown in the transition-series image, providing a change also in pollinator species: hawkmoths for A. pubescens and hummingbirds for A. formosa. Barriers to gene flow between the species are maintained primarily through their specialisation to different habitats, and secondarily to different pollinators.

### Etymology

The specific epithet pubescens means "hairy" in Latin, referring to the densely pubescent leaflets which Frederick Vernon Coville identified as a distinguishing feature in his original species description of the plant.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to the High Sierra in California. An isolated record from Colorado is likely to have been a non-native introduced specimen. It is found in alpine and subalpine climates, often on open, rocky slopes, between 8,000–12,000 ft (2,400–3,700 m).

## Ecology

Aquilegia pubescens is pollinated by hawkmoths. It flowers in May and June.

## Conservation

As of November 2024, NatureServe listed Aquilegia pubescens as Vulnerable (G3) worldwide. This status was last reviewed on 12 May 1999. It has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

## Gallery

* Aquilegia pubescens flower, full-face
* Aquilegia pubescens bud & flowers
* An unusual Aquilegia pubescens at Red Butte Gardens
# Platyplectrus

Platyplectrus is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae.
# Lutetian limestone

Lutetian limestone (in French, calcaire lutécien, and formerly calcaire grossier) — also known as “Paris stone” — is a variety of limestone particular to the Eocene-aged deposits in the Paris Basin of France, most notably underlying the city of Paris. It has been a source of wealth as an economic and versatile building material since ancient Roman times (see Mines of Paris) and has contributed markedly to the unique visual appeal of the “City of Light”. It has been hailed as “the warm, elusive, cream-grey stone of the French capital”. In addition to Paris, the Lutetian limestone also extends north and eastwards through France, and has also been mined in areas such as Rheims, Laon and Soissons.
Its formation dates to the Eocene epoch's Lutetian age, between 48.07 and 41.03 Ma. The name "Lutetian" derives from Lutetia (French, Lutèce) which was the name of Paris in ancient times. The Lutetian age was named after the limestone of this region.
The limestone consists of two different ages and depositional environments: a marine limestone deposited during the middle Lutetian (the iconic calcaire grossier) and a slightly younger freshwater limestone (alongside marl) deposited on top of the marine limestones during the later Lutetian, when the seas had receded.

## History

Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Lutetian limestone was extracted by tunneling through hill-sides south of Paris. The stone comprises many of the grandest Paris buildings from the 17th century onwards, including parts of the Louvre, the Place de la Concorde, Les Invalides and the Arc de Triomphe
Haussmann's grand renovation of Paris (1853–1870), which provided a sweeping and uniform style and an elusive coloring — ranging from bright white to butter-yellow to a dull nicotine-yellow/grey — for Paris, relied upon buildings faced with Lutetian limestone.
In the 20th century, open-cast quarries were developed north of Paris, which uncovered thinner layers of harder limestone closer to the surface. A now fashionable variety of Lutetian limestone from about 25 miles north of Paris is known as “Oise stone” or "Saint-Maximin limestone" and has become popular internationally for upscale building projects. In 2007, the quarries in southern Oise, around Saint-Maximin and Chantilly, applied to the French government to become the first to be granted a building stone Appellation Contrôlée – the badge of official French regional excellence – similar to the provenance system for wine or a cheese.
According to a 2007 article in the UK's The Independent: “The harder, sliceable limestone sells for around €2,000 a cubic metre. The different grades of softer building stone sell for between €550 and €150 a cubic metre, which is very competitive with other building stone all around the world.”
# Orquesta Filarmónica de Jalisco

The Jalisco Philharmonic Orchestra (Spanish: Orquesta Filarmónica de Jalisco) is a Mexican orchestra. It was established in 1912 by José Rolón as the Guadalajara Symphonic Orchestra in Guadalajara, Jalisco in Mexico. The Orchestra resides at Teatro Degollado located in the historic district of Guadalajara.
It has been conducted by Enrique Bátiz, Neeme Järvi, Plácido Domingo, Mu-Hai Tang, Claudio Abbado, Antal Doráti, Eduardo Mata and Charles Dutoit. Alondra de la Parra was the artistic director from 2012 to 2013. Jesús Medina debuted as the orchestra's music director in February of 2019.

## Musical directors

Musical directors of the orchestra:
* Amador Juárez (1919-1923)
* José Trinidad Tovar (1923-1939)
* Leslie Hodge (1945-1950)
* Abel Eisenberg (1951-1956)
* Helmut Goldman (1957-1964)
* Eduardo Mata (1965-1966)
* Kenneth Klein (1967-1978)
* Hugo Jan Huss (1979-1981)
* Francisco Orozco (1982-1986)
* José Guadalupe Flores (1986-1987)
* Manuel de Elías (1987-1990)
* José Guadalupe Flores (1990-1996)
* Guillermo Salvador (1997-2002)
* Luis Herrera de la Fuente (2002-2003)
* Héctor Guzmán (2004-2010)
* Alondra de la Parra (2012-2013)
* Marco Parisotto (2014-2018)
* Jesús Medina Villarreal (2019-2021)
* José Luis Castillo (2022-date)
# Central Gloucester Historic District

The Central Gloucester Historic District encompasses the historic commercial, civic, and residential core of the fishing community of Gloucester, Massachusetts. Now largely defined by 19th century architectural trends, it includes the city's commercial downtown (Main Street), its civic heart on Dale and Prospect Streets, and some adjacent residential areas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## Description and history

Gloucester, which takes up much of Cape Ann on the northeastern coast of Massachusetts, was settled by English colonists in 1623. By the early 19th century it was well on its way to become a major fishing port, and the fishery remains an important aspect of its economy. Its downtown area is located on the north side of its inner harbor, east of the southern mouth of the Annisquam River, a tidal river separating the cape from the mainland. This area was shaped to a significant degree by major fires in 1831 and 1868, and has been impacted by 20th-century development and urban renewal.
The historic district is roughly divided into three contiguous areas. The commercial heart is located on Main Street, extending eastward from Washington Street to Pleasant Street, and a short way north on Pleasant. The civic core is just to the north, clustered on Dale Street, which runs parallel to and west of Pleasant. Adjacent to the civic core are densely set residences. Running parallel to Main Street to its north is Middle Street, where a number of high quality homes, most built before 1840, are located. At the far western end of Main and Middle Streets are also clusters of densely built residences, extending as far north as Pine Street.
Prominent buildings in the district include Gloucester City Hall, an elaborate Second Empire structure built in 1870 after the 1868 fire, and the Front Street Block, a collection of four joined buildings at the western end of Main Street, which were built after the 1831 fire.

## Gallery

* 63 Middle Street]
* Middle Street
* William Stevens, merchant, ca. 1749
* Middle Street
* Middle Street
* Middle Street
* Middle Street
* 46 Middle Street
* Middle Street
# Hakozaki-Kyūdai-mae Station

Hakozaki-Kyūdai-mae Station (箱崎九大前駅, Hakozaki-Kyūdai-mae-eki) is a subway station on the Fukuoka City Subway Hakozaki Line in Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. Kyūdai-mae means "in front of Kyushu University". Its station symbol is a pine branch with leaves which branch look like Kyushu University's initials Chinese character 九, because a pine‐covered area is named Ciyono-matsubara (千代の松原) is near this station.

## Lines

Hakozaki-Kyūdai-mae Station is served by the Fukuoka City Subway Hakozaki Line.

## Platforms

| 1 | ■ Hakozaki Line | for Kaizuka |
| 2 | ■ Hakozaki Line | for Nakasu-Kawabata, Nishijin, and Meinohama |

## History

The station opened on January 31, 1986.

## Surrounding area

* Kyushu University
* Hakozaki Station, on the Kagoshima Main Line
# Screen Lifetime Achievement Award

The Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award is an Indian cinema prize. Each year the recipient is chosen by a panel of judges, and the winner is announced in December or January.

## Winners

| Year | Winner |
| 2020 | Prem Chopra |
| 2019 | Shabana Azmi |
| 2018 | Not Awarded |
| 2017 | Rekha |
| 2016 | Rishi Kapoor |
| 2015 | Hema Malini |
| 2014 | Amitabh Bachchan |
| 2013 | Yash Chopra |
| 2012 | Asha Bhosle |
| 2011 | |
| 2010 | Javed Akhtar |
| 2009 | Sanjay Khan |
| 2008 | Manoj Kumar |
| 2007 | Mala Sinha & Biswajit |
| 2006 | |
| 2005 | Jeetendra |
| 2004 | Not Awarded |
| 2003 | Rajesh Khanna |
| 2002 | Sharmila Tagore |
| 2001 | Pran |
| 2000 | Shammi Kapoor |
| 1999 | Pran |
| 1998 | Naushad Ali |
| 1997 | Sunil Dutt |
| 1996 | Suraiya |
| 1995 | Dev Anand & Lata Mangeshkar |
| 1994 | B.R. Chopra |
| 1993 | Ashok Kumar |