OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shimizugawa Station

Shimizugawa Station (清水川駅, Shimizugawa-eki) is a railway station in the town of Hiranai, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector railway operator Aoimori Railway Company.

## Location

Shimizugawa Station is served by the Aoimori Railway Line, and is 88.5 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Metoki Station. It is 705.8 kilometers from Tokyo.

### Surrounding area

* Higashi-Hiranai Elementary School
* Higashi-Hiranai Junior High School
* National Route 4

## Station layout

Shimizugawa Station has two unnumbered opposing side platforms serving two tracks, connected the station building by a footbridge. The small station building is unattended.

### Platforms

| station side | ■ Aoimori Railway Line | for Misawa and Hachinohe |
| opp side | ■ Aoimori Railway Line | for Aomori |

## History

Shimizugawa Station was established on 10 November 1922 as the Shimizugawa Signal. It was elevated to a full station on the Tōhoku Main Line of the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the pre-war predecessor to the Japan National Railways (JNR), on 20 June 1936. Regularly scheduled freight services were discontinued in April 1962. With the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the operational control of East Japan Railway Company (JR East). On 4 December 2010, the Tōhoku Shinkansen was successfully extended north to Shin-Aomori Station from Hachinohe. As a result of the opening of the bullet train between the two stations, that section of the Tōhoku Main Line including this station was transferred to the Aoimori Railway Company from JR East on the same day.

## Services

The station is primarily served by trains operating on a local service on the Aoimori Railway Line between Aomori and Hachinohe. It is served by one rapid express train, the 560M train operated jointly by the Aoimori Railway and the Iwate Galaxy Railway between Aomori and Morioka. Passenger trains serve Shimizugawa Station just over 17 hours a day from 6:15 am to 11:16 pm. At peak hours between the first train and 9:08 am, trains depart from the station roughly every 30 minutes; otherwise trains depart at an approximate hourly basis. In 2018, a daily average of 150 passengers boarded trains at Shimizugawa Station, an increase from the daily average of 136 passengers the station served in 2011, the first year of its ownership by the Aoimori Railway Company. In 2018, the station was the sixteenth busiest on the Aoimori Railway Line, excluding Aomori and Hachinohe stations. It is the second busiest station along the Aoimori Railway Line in Hiranai.
# Chibiki Station

Chibiki Station (千曳駅, Chibiki-eki) is a railway station located in the town of Tōhoku in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The station has been operating since 1910. Since 2010, the station has been operated by the Aoimori Railway Company, a third sector, regional rail operator. It is the least busy railway station along the Aoimori Railway. Passenger trains serve the station 17 hours a day; trains depart from the station roughly once an hour.

## Location

Chibiki Station is located beneath an underpass of Aomori Prefecture Route 8. The station is located in a very rural setting with no houses or buildings within walking distance. It is 70.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Aomori Station. It is 688.2 kilometers from Tokyo. The stations adjacent to Chibiki Station along the Aoimori Railway Line are Ottomo Station and Noheji Station.

## Station layout

Chibiki Station has two opposed side platforms connected by a road overpass that serve two tracks. There is no station building and the platforms are not numbered. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| east | ■ Aoimori Railway Line | for Misawa and Aomori |
| west | ■ Aoimori Railway Line | for Hachinohe |

## History

Chibiki Station was opened on 15 November 1910 as a station on the Tōhoku Main Line of the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the pre-war predecessor to the Japan National Railways (JNR). On 20 October 1962, it became a joint station with the now defunct Nanbu Jūkan Railway. On 5 August 1968, the routing of the Tōhoku Main Line slightly changed, and a new station was built, with the original Chibiki Station renamed Nishi-Chibiki Station (西千曳駅) serving only the Nanbu Jūkan Railway. Regularly scheduled freight services were also discontinued with the move. With the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the operational control of East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
The section of the Tōhoku Main Line including this station was transferred to Aoimori Railway on 4 December 2010.

## Services

The station is only served by trains operating on a local service between Aomori and Hachinohe. It is skipped by rapid express trains, including the Shimokita service operated jointly by JR East and the Aoimori Railway between Aomori and Ōminato and the 560M train operated jointly by the Aoimori Railway and the Iwate Galaxy Railway between Aomori and Morioka. Passenger trains serve Chibiki Station just under 17 hours a day from 6:23 am to 11:11 pm. Trains depart from the station at an approximate hourly basis. In 2018, a daily average of 2 passengers boarded trains at Chibiki Station. In that year Chibiki Station was the least busy out of all the stations on the entire Aoimori Railway Line.
# Thomas L. Clingman

Thomas Lanier Clingman (July 27, 1812 – November 3, 1897), known as the "Prince of Politicians," was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1843 to 1845 and from 1847 to 1858, and U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between 1858 and 1861. During the Civil War, he refused to resign his Senate seat and was one of the many southern senators subsequently expelled from the Senate in absentia. He then served as a general in the Confederate States Army.

## Early life

Clingman, was born in Huntsville, a small community in present-day Yadkin County, North Carolina. His parents were Jacob and Jane Poindexter Clingman and he was named for Dr. Thomas Lanier, his half uncle. He was educated by private tutors and in the public schools in Iredell County, NC. Clingman graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1832, where he was a member of the Dialectic Senate of the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834 and began practice in Huntsville.

## Political career

Clingman was elected to the North Carolina State House of Commons in 1835. In 1836 he moved to Asheville, North Carolina. He was a member of the North Carolina State Senate in 1840. In 1843 Clingman ran as a Whig and was elected to the 28th United States Congress, however he was defeated in his reelection bid in 1845. In 1845 he fought a duel with a fellow congressman William Lowndes Yancey of Alabama. In Yancey's maiden speech on the House floor, he had impugned his opponent's integrity. Both duelists had missed. In 1847 he regained the seat and won reelection in 1849, 1851, 1853, 1855 and 1857. On May 7, 1858, he resigned after becoming a United States senator as a Democrat the previous day, replacing the resigning Asa Biggs. He was reelected but was expelled from the Senate for support of the Confederacy.

## Civil War

When he first entered the War, Clingman was the commander of the 25th North Carolina Infantry and took part in the Peninsula Campaign. He later commanded a brigade of infantry. Clingman's Brigade consisted of the 8th, 31st, 51st and 61st North Carolina Infantry. Clingman's Brigade fought at Goldsborough, Battery Wagner, Drewry's Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Globe Tavern, Fort Fisher, and Bentonville.

## Post-war career

After the Civil War, Clingman explored and measured mountains in western North Carolina and Tennessee. Kuwohi, Tennessee's highest mountain, also partly in North Carolina, was renamed Clingman's Dome in his honor in 1859 as Kuwohi was one of the mountains he had accurately measured, being said to be the first person to do so. The mountain's name was changed back to Kuwohi in 2024. He died in Morganton, North Carolina, and was buried in the Riverside Cemetery in Asheville, North Carolina.
# Kutchan Station

Kutchan Station (倶知安駅, Kutchan-eki) is a railway station on the Hakodate Main Line in Kutchan, Hokkaido, Japan. It is operated by JR Hokkaido and has the station number "S23". The station is also planned to become a station of the Hokkaido Shinkansen between Oshamambe and Shin-Otaru that is scheduled to open in 2031.

## Lines

The station is served by the Hakodate Main Line and is located 193.3 km from the start of the line at Hakodate. Both local and the Rapid Niseko Liner [jp] services stop at the station. When the Hokkaido Shinkansen opens in the spring of 2031, the Hakodate Main Line will be truncated and the section of track between Oshamambe and Otaru will be abolished. This will leave Kutchan Station with no conventional line and only the Shinkansen will serve it.

## Station layout
### Platforms

| 2 | ■Hakodate Main Line | for Oshamambe and Hakodate |
| 3 | ■Hakodate Main Line | for Otaru and Sapporo |

## History

The station was opened on 15 October 1904 by the private Hokkaido Railway as an intermediate station during a phase of expansion when its track from Hakodate to Neppu was extended to link up with stretches of track further north to provide through traffic from Hakodate to Otaru. After the Hokkaido Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1907, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) took over control of the station. On 12 October 1909 the station became part of the Hakodate Main Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, control of the station passed to JR Hokkaido.
The Iburi Line [jp] served Kutchan from Datemombetsu Station on the Muroran Line, but the line was abolished in 1986. A curve, where the track has now been lifted from, can still clearly be seen north of Kutchan Station from satellite imagery.

## Surrounding area

* Kutchan town office
# Esashi Station

Esashi Station (江差駅, Esashi-eki) was a railway station on the Esashi Line in Esashi, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido). It opened in 1936 and closed in May 2014.

## Lines

Esashi Station was formerly the terminus of the non-electrified section of the Esashi Line from Kikonai.

## Station layout

The station consisted of a single side platform serving a single terminating track.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Esashi Line |||||
| Kaminokuni | Kaminokuni | Local | Terminus | Terminus |

## History

Esashi Station opened on 10 November 1936. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Hokkaido. The station closed in 2014, with the last services on the line running on 11 May.
# Kahak, Tafresh

Kahak (Persian: كهك) is a village in Bazarjan Rural District of the Central District of Tafresh County, Markazi province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Language

Tati is the main language of Kahak.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 360 in 124 households. The following census in 2011 counted 326 people in 106 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 292 people in 110 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Macroharmony

In music analysis, the macroharmony is what comprises the discrete pitch classes within a given (structural) duration of time.

## Definitions

There are slightly different definitions of macroharmony in the literature. In general, it may be said to determine pitch content within some duration of a musical composition. Dmitri Tymoczko defined it as "the total collection of notes used over small stretches of time". Neil Newton defined it as "the collection of pitches from which harmonies are sourced". Ciro Scotto wrote that it is "a large harmony that subsumes the individual chords", adding that he used it more specifically to denote pitch-class subsets. Julian Hook related it to the concept of a field of pitch classes, noting that the difference was one of terminology.

### Tymoczko's Geometry

Scotto suggested the term to Tymoczko, who introduced and defined it in A Geometry of Music (2011). Tymoczko sought to discuss "music that is neither classically tonal nor completely atonal" (see chromaticism and nonchord tones). He observed that a macroharmony of between five and eight pitch classes, or a limited macroharmony, typically contributed to a sense of tonality. He included this feature, limited macroharmony, as one among five general (universal) features of "virtually all" music. The others were conjunct melodic motion, acoustic consonance, harmonic consistency, and pitch centricity. He considered their (non-)interaction, relative importance, and mutual reinforcement.
Of macroharmonies specifically, he asked:
* What is the number of pitch classes in a given macroharmony, if fewer than the total chromatic (aggregate)?
* What is the rate at which given macroharmonies change?
* What is the relationship (e.g., transpositional) between given macroharmonies?
* What are the intervallic qualities (consonance or dissonance) of a given macroharmony?
He proposed to show the rate at which pitch classes are used with "pitch-class circulation graphs" and the number and relative proportion of pitch classes on a large scale with "global macroharmonic profiles".

## Relation to scale

In general, macroharmony may be understood in some relation to musical scales. Theoretically, the pitch-class content of tonal music may be that of the chromatic scale. Practically, it is often limited to that of modes, especially the major or minor diatonic scales as subsets of the chromatic scale. In a similar way, though scales may in fact constitute the entire pitch-class content of a given tuning system or the macroharmony of some portion of a composition, they are nonetheless defined as subsets of the macroharmony within the context of Tymoczko's project.
# Mochimune Station

Mochimune Station (用宗駅, Mochimune-eki) is a railway station in Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

## Lines

Mochimune Station is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line, and is located 186.6 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Tokyo Station.

## Station layout

The station has an island platform serving Track 2 and Track 3, and a side platform serving the seldom-used Track 1. The platforms are connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station building has automated ticket machines, TOICA automated turnstiles and a staffed ticket office.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Tōkaidō Main Line | auxiliary platform |
| 2 | ■ Tōkaidō Main Line | For Fujieda, Yaizu, Shimada, Hamamatsu |
| 3 | ■ Tōkaidō Main Line | For Shizuoka, Numazu |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Central Japan Railway Company |||||
| Tōkaidō Main Line |||||
| Commuter Rapid: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Rapid: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Abekawa | Local | Yaizu |

## History

A signal box was established at the site of present-day Mochimune Station on December 21, 1902. It was rebuilt as a station for both passenger and freight services on November 1, 1909. Regularly scheduled freight service was discontinued in 1974.
Station numbering was introduced to the section of the Tōkaidō Line operated JR Central in March 2018; Mochimune Station was assigned station number CA19.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 1,537 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Mochimune Fishing Port
* Mochimune Beach
* Site of Mochimune Castle
# E-Learning Developers' Community of Practice

e-Learning Developers' Community of Practice or ElCoP is practice developed following a decision of European air navigation service (ANS) training providers together with Eurocontrol, to create an e-learning developers community of practice in January 2009.
The aims of this community of practice are: to share knowledge and information on e-learning development matters between its members; to develop common deliverables; and to improve Eurocontrol deliverables, such as the best practice documentation for e-learning development and the digital learning asset sharing platform.

## History

Historically, ElCoP is the successor to the e-Learning Developers’ Task Force (EDTF), which was created in 2006 to develop a network of European e-learning developers involved in ANS training.
This group had the tasks of developing best practices in e-learning development and a platform which would enable users to share digital learning assets.
Even though EDTF finished these tasks in 2008, its members believed that there was added value in keeping a community of practice alive which would enable participants to learn from each other, to share best practices and to develop common deliverables. They suggested ElCoP.
ElCoP started work in the first quarter of 2009.

## Membership

Training providers that confirmed their participation are:
* AustroControl (Austria)
* Air Navigation Services of the Czech Republic (ANS CR) (Czech Republic)
* Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS) (Germany)
* École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC) (France)
* EUROCONTROL
* Hungarocontrol (Hungary)
* NAV Portugal (Portugal)
* Servicios y Estudios para la Navegación Aérea y la Seguridad Aeronáutica, S.A. (SENASA) (Spain)
* Skyguide (Switzerland)

## Work by ELCoP / EDTF

* Best practices and guidelines for e-learning developers in air traffic management
* Sea Patrol Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine an educational technology game
# Harakat al-Qiyam

Harakat al-Qiyam (حركة القيام literal meaning: "The Eruption Movement") is an insurgent group that employs guerrilla tactics, that is active in northern Syria during the Syrian Civil War. It was formed in August 2017 to fight against the Syrian Democratic Forces, led by the People's Protection Units (YPG). In an official statement, it claimed that its goal is to protect the territorial integrity of Syria and to fight the Democratic Union Party (PYD), which it claims is separatist and "imperialist". The group is allegedly supported by and takes orders from Turkish intelligence, according to the pro-YPG Firat News Agency.
Harakat al-Qiyam has carried out a number of shooting assassinations on foot and using motorcycles.
It also used improvised explosive devices (IEDs). In one attack in November 2017, it used an IED to injure Muhammad Abu Adel, commander of the SDF's Manbij Military Council.
# Ocean Cay

Ocean Cay is an island in the Bahamas located in the district of Bimini. It is located 20 miles (32 kilometers) south of Bimini proper. Ocean Cay is an artificial island which was built by dredging in the late 1960s by Dillingham Construction of Hawaii and was used to mine white oolitic aragonite sand for diverse industrial purposes. The cay has been redeveloped as a private island called Ocean Cay MSC Marine Reserve for MSC Cruises.

## History

Ocean Cay is an island that was man-made and created originally for mining aragonite sand. The total size of the island is 42 hectares and the original owners also had dredged the area to allow for deep vessels to dock for the exportation of the sand.

## Restoration

When Dillingham Construction abandoned the island, the cay fell into a state of decay. In 2015, the executive chairman of MSC Cruise line, Pierfrancesco Vago, signed a 100-year lease agreement with the Bahamian government to redevelop the island into a new resort for the cruise line. The cruise line planned to spend $200 million on the project.
The restoration would involve removing all of the abandoned mining facilities and infrastructure. A 3-part documentary film series entitled Building Paradise Island by director James Redgate documented the cleanup of the island, the conservation leading to marine reserve status, and the building of a new resort from the ground up.

## Beaches

The island has eight beaches, including Lighthouse Bay, North Beach, South Beach, Bimini Beach, areas near the lagoon, and a beach reserved for employees. Each beach has at least one lifeguard on duty when the beach is open.

## Gallery

* View from a cruise ship overlooking the island with the marina to the right.
* Man-made lagoon in the center of the island.
* The lighthouse is open to visitors on the island, and LED lights are integrated throughout the structure for visual light shows.
* Small decorated wooden boat
* MSC Seaside docked
# Savanna State Forest

The Savanna State Forest is located in Aitkin and Saint Louis counties in the U.S. State of Minnesota. Comprising over 238,000 acres, the forest is bisected by the Upper Mississippi River, and contains Savanna Portage State Park, which preserves a historic trade route connecting the Mississippi River with upper reaches of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.
The forest has white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse, waterfowl, songbirds, and many other species. The most popular fish in Big Sandy Lake and other lakes in the forest are bass, panfish, walleye, and northern pike.
# Zvyniach

Zvyniach (Ukrainian: Звиняч) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Chortkiv Raion, Bilobozhnytsia rural hromada.

## History

The first written mention dates back to 1549. Polish archaeologist Bohdan Janusz, based on bronze items found in the village, suggested that it was one of the settlements of the Early Bronze Age culture. Archaeological sites of Trypillian, Komarivsko-Tshynets, Cherniakhiv, Prague, and Old Rus cultures, as well as Roman coins, have been discovered near Zvyniach.

## Religion

* Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (OCU, 1921, brick)
* Chapel of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (UGCC, 1922)
* Church of Saint Francis Xavier (RCC, 1904)

## People

* Oleksa Volianskyi (1862–1947), Ukrainian priest, ethnographer, cultural and educational activist
* Mykhailo Halushchynskyi (1878–1931), Ukrainian educator, military officer, publicist, cultural, educational, and social and political activist
* Stepan Kostyshyn (1932–2022), Ukrainian academician, scientist in the field of biology, long-time rector of the Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi University, now the Yuriy Fedkovych National University
* Mykhailo Fedyk (born 1950) is an honored architect of Ukraine
# Hasan Fehmi Güneş

Hasan Fehmi Güneş (1934 – 23 November 2021) was a Turkish jurist and politician who served as the interior minister in 1979. He was a member of the Turkish parliament for two terms from the Republican People's Party. Between 1975 and 1980 he served in the Turkish Senate.

## Biography

Güneş was born in Adapazarı in 1934. He graduated from Ankara University receiving a bachelor's degree in law. After working as a lawyer and public prosecutor, he entered politics and became senator in the period 1975–1980. On 13 January 1979 he was appointed interior minister to the cabinet led by Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit. His term witnessed significant events, including the assassination of journalist Abdi İpekçi, arrest of the assassin, Mehmet Ali Ağca, and attack by the members of the Palestine Liberation Organization against the Egyptian Embassy in Ankara. He resigned from the office in late September 1979 following the media reports about his affair with an actress.
Güneş was a member of the Turkish parliament in the 18th and 22nd terms. He was elected to the Parliament in the 1987 general election from the Social Democratic Populist Party. He run for the presidency of the Republican People's Party on 30 September 2000, but he lost the election to Deniz Baykal.
Güneş was married and had two children. He died in Ankara on 23 November 2021. He was buried in his hometown, Karapürçek, Sakarya, on 25 November.