# Outline of photography

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to photography:
Photography – process of making pictures by the action of recording light patterns, reflected or emitted from objects, on a photosensitive medium or an image sensor through a timed exposure. The process is done through mechanical, chemical, or electronic devices known as cameras.

## Areas of practice
### Applied photography
#### Scientific photography

* Aerial photography
* Aerial archaeology
* Astrophotography
* Autoradiography
* Cartography and photography
* Chronophotography
* Fundus photography
* Geophotography
* Phototherapy
* Pseudocolor
* Remote sensing
* Schlieren photography
* Scientific visualization
* Visual anthropology

##### Scientific imaging

* Acoustic holography
* Dark-field microscopy
* Electron microscope
* False-color
* High-speed photography
* Holography
* Kirlian photography
* Photogrammetry
* Photomicrography
* Multispectral imaging
** Ultraviolet photography
** Infrared photography
** Full-spectrum photography

###### Medical imaging

Creating images of the human body or parts of it, to diagnose or examine disease.
* Bioluminescence imaging – a technique for studying laboratory animals using luminescent protein.
* Calcium imaging – determining the calcium status of a tissue using fluorescent light.
* Diffuse optical imaging – using near-infrared light to generate images of the body.
* Diffusion-weighted imaging – a type of MRI that uses water diffusion.
* Endoscopy – a procedure using an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body.
* Fluorescence lifetime imaging – using the decay rate of a fluorescent sample.
* Fluorescence image-guided surgery – used to detect fluorescently labelled structures during surgery.
* Gallium imaging – a nuclear medicine method for the detection of infections and cancers.
* Imaging agent – a chemical designed to allow clinicians to determine whether a mass is benign or malignant.
* Imaging studies – which includes many medical imaging techniques.
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a non-invasive method to render images of living tissues.
* Microscopy – creating images of objects or features too small to be detectable by the naked human eye.
* Molecular imaging – used to study molecular pathways inside organisms.
* Non-contact thermography – is the field of thermography that derives diagnostic indications from infrared images of the human body.
* Nuclear medicine – uses administered radioactive substances to create images of internal organs and their function.
* Optical imaging – using light as an investigational tool for biological research and medical diagnosis.
* Optoacoustic imaging – using the photothermal effect, for the accuracy of spectroscopy with the depth resolution of ultrasound.
* Photoacoustic Imaging – a technique to detect vascular disease and cancer using non-ionizing laser pulses.
* Ultrasound imaging – using very high frequency sound to visualize muscles and internal organs.

#### Commercial photography

* Celebrity photography
* Concert photography
* Fashion photography
* Food photography
* Freelance photography
* Head shot
* Industrial photography
* Kodak girl
* Product photography "knolling"
* Sports photography
* Stock photography
* Wedding photography
* Yearbook
* "You press the button, we do the rest"

#### Police and military photography

* Forensic photography
* Mug shot
* War photography

### Social dimensions of photography

* Conservation and restoration of photographs
* Visual anthropology
* Vernacular photography
** Selfie

#### Photojournalism

* Documentary photography
* Life (magazine)
* List of photojournalists
* Narrative photography
* Paparazzi
* Photo-essay
* Social documentary photography
* Social photography
* War photography

#### Political dimensions of photography

* Agitprop
* Censorship
* Conservation photography
* List of photographers of the civil rights movement
* Propaganda

#### Photography and desire

* Erotic photography
* Fashion photography
* Glamour photography
* List of BDSM photographers
* Nude photography
* Pin-up model
* Pornography

### Subjects, styles, and formats
#### Photographic subjects

* Architectural photography
* Fireworks photography
* Nature photography
** Cloudscape photography
** Conservation photography
** Landscape photography
** Underwater photography
** Wildlife photography
* Night photography
* Portrait photography
* Street photography
* Subminiature photography

#### Photographic styles

* Abstract photography
* Candid photography
* Environmental portrait
* Low-key photography
* Old-time photography
* Snapshot
* Still life
* Straight photography

#### Photographic formats

See also: Scientific imaging
* Black and white
* Color photography
* Chemigram
* Chemogram
* Digital photography
* Lo-fi photography
* Lomography
* Monochrome photography
* Panoramic photography
* Photogram
* Stereoscopic photography
* Virtual reality
* Xerography

### Art and theory
#### Art and photography

* Abstraction
* American Realism
* Appropriation
* Art
* Artists books
* Conceptual photography
* Modernism
* Exhibitions
** The Family of Man
* Festivals

#### Theory

* Aesthetics
* Art criticism
* Conceptual photography
* Constructed reality
* Decisive moment
* Deconstruction
* Ideology
* Memory
* Truth
* Representation
* Semiotics
* Social representation
* Time and space
* Visual anthropology
* Voyeurism

## Photographic technology

See also: History of photographic technology
* Cabinet photograph
* Color photography
* Digital photography
* Digiscoping
* Microphotography
* Photogenic drawings
* Photometry
* Stereoscope

### Image capture

* Bracketing
* Burst mode
* Exposure
* Time-lapse photography

#### Camera
##### Types of camera

* Box camera
* Brownie camera
* Camera obscura
* Camera phone
* Digital single-lens reflex camera
* Diana camera
* Digital camera
** Zebra patterning
* Disposable camera
* Field camera
* Instant or polaroid camera
* Pinhole camera
* Point and shoot camera
* Press camera
* Rangefinder camera
* Single-lens reflex camera
* Three-CCD camera
* Twin-lens reflex camera
* Toy camera
* View camera

##### Parts of a camera

* Camera back
* Shutter
* Hotshoe
* Aperture
* Viewfinder

#### Lens

* Fisheye lens
* Lens
* Lens hood
* Perspective control lens
* Telecentric lens
* Telephoto lens
* Wide-angle lens
* Zoom lens

#### Accessories

* Cable release
* Filter
* Monopod
* Tripod

#### Film

* 35 mm
* Anti-halation backing
* Film base
* Film developing
* Film format
* Film holder
* Film speed
** Sensitometry
* Film stock
* Grain
* Photographic plate
* Infrared film
* Instant film
* Negative
* Reversal film

#### Lighting

* Beauty dish
* Fill light
* Flash
** Flash synchronization
** Red-eye effect
* Gobo
* Guide number
* Key light
* Light meter
* Monolight
* Reflector
* Snoot
* Softbox

#### Photographic effects

* Bokeh
* Contre-jour
* Motion blur
* Sabattier effect

### Photographic processing

* Airgraph
* Bas-relief
* Color
* Darkroom
* Developer
* Dufaycolor
* Dye coupler
* Enlarger
* Fixer
* Hand-coloring of photographs
** Photographic print toning
* Heliograph
* Image stabilization
* Instant photography
* Lomography
* Minilab
* Orthochromatic
* Photosculpture
* Photographic printing
* Safelight
* Solarization
* Stop bath

#### Digital processing

* Adobe Photoshop
* Digital printing
* High-dynamic-range imaging (HDR)
* Image histogram
* Scanning
** Film scanner
* Unsharp masking

#### Processes

* Alternative process
** Bleach bypass
** Bromoil process
** Cross processing
** Cyanotype
** Double exposure
** Gum bichromate
** Infrared
** Oil print process
** Pinhole
** Platinum process
** Polaroid art
** Redscale
** Sprocket hole
** Through the Viewfinder
* C-41 process
* Collodion process
* Contact printing
* Dodging and burning
* Dye transfer process
* E-6 process
* Gelatin silver process
* Half-tone process
* K-14 process
* Lippmann process
* Printing
* Process camera
* Push printing
* Push processing
* Sun printing
* Wet collodion process

#### Papers, prints, and -types

* Anthotype
* Blotting paper
* Bromide paper
* Calotype
* Carbro
* Chromogenic print
* Chrysotype
* Cyanotype
* Contact print
* Gum printing
* Hillotype
* Hyalotype
* Kallitype
* Litmus paper
* Melainotype
* Paper negative
* Physautotype
* Print permanence
* Photograph
* Woodburytype

### Photographic techniques

* Afocal photography
* Chemigram
* Chemogram
* Harris shutter
* Kinetic photography
* Kite aerial photography
* Light painting
* Macro photography
* Miniature faking
* Panning
* Photogram
* Pseudo-solarization
* Rephotography
* Rollout photography
* Stereoscopy
* Stopping down
* Tilt–shift photography
* Time-lapse photography

## Photographic concepts

* Composition
** Rule of thirds
** Field of view
** Headroom
** Perspective (visual)
** Lead room
** Framing
** Golden triangle (composition)
* Density
** Callier effect
** Characteristic curve
** Contrast
** Reciprocity
* Exposure
** Shutter speed
** Aperture
** F-number
** Exposure compensation
** Exposure value
** Exposure latitude
** Zone system
** Metering mode
** Time exposure
* Moire patterns

### Optics

* Angle of view
* Chromatic aberration
* Field of view
* Focus
** Autofocus
** Depth of field
** Depth of focus
** Hyperfocal distance
** Soft focus
* Distortion
* Electromagnetic spectrum
* Fourier optics
* Focal length
** 35mm equivalent focal length
* Gaussian optics
* Lens flare
* Newton's rings
* Orb (optics)
* Optical transfer function
* Optical aberration
* Perspective
** Perspective distortion
* Polarized light
* Vignetting

### Color

* CMYK color model
* Color balance
* Color management
* Color photography
* Color space
* Color temperature
* Colorimetry
* Primary color
* RGB color model

### Digital imaging

* Image Compression
* Gaussian blur
* Image histogram
** Histogram equalization
* Image scaling
* Logarithms
* Noise
* Pixel
* Posterization

#### Digital image formats

* DNG
* GIF
* JPEG
* PNG
* RAW
* TIFF

## Photography organizations

* Farm Security Administration
* Missions Héliographiques
* National Geographic
* Royal Photographic Society
* Société française de photographie

### Photographic equipment makers

* Canon
* Fujifilm
* Hasselblad
* Ilford
* Kodak
* Leica
* Minolta
* Nikon
* Pentax
* Polaroid

### Museums and libraries

Museums and libraries with significant photography collections.
* Center for Creative Photography
* Family of Man Museum, Clervaux Castle, Luxembourg
* George Eastman Museum
* Getty Museum
* Moreira Salles Institute
* International Center of Photography
* International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum
* Library of Congress
* Metropolitan Museum of Art
* Musée d'Orsay
* Museo de Arte de Lima
* Museum of Contemporary Photography Chicago
* Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
* Museum of Jewish Heritage
* Museum of Modern Art
* National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
* National Portrait Gallery UK
* National Portrait Gallery US
* Niepce Museum
* New York Public Library
* Smithsonian American Art Museum
* Tate Galleries

## Photographers

* Women photographers
* List of photographers
* List of women photographers
* List of Jewish American photographers
* List of street photographers
* Photography by indigenous peoples of the Americas

### Photographers by nationality

* List of Bangladeshi photographers
* List of Chinese photographers
* List of German photographers
* List of Greek photographers
* List of Korean photographers
* List of New Zealand women photographers
* List of Norwegian photographers
* List of Polish photographers
* List of Slovenian photographers
* List of Turkish photographers

## History of photography
### History of photographic technology

* History of the camera
** Camera obscura

#### Pioneers and inventors of photographic technology

* Hippolyte Bayard
* Louis Daguerre
* George Eastman
* Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
* John Herschel
* Eadweard Muybridge
* Nicéphore Niépce
* William Fox Talbot
* Thomas Wedgwood

#### Historic photographic processes

* Ambrotype
* Autochrome Lumière
* Calotype
* Collodion process
* Cyanotype
* Daguerreotype
* Dufaycolor
* Heliography
* Platinum print
* Salt print
* Tintype

### History of photography in culture and art

* Bauhaus
* Cliche-verre
* Dada
* Decisive moment
* Farm Security Administration
* Formalism
* Fotoform
* Futurism
* Gallery 291
* Group f.64
* Harlem Renaissance
* Impressionism
* The Linked Ring
* Modernism
* Neorealism
* Neue Sachlichkeit
* Neues Sehen / New Vision
* New Documents
* New Topographics
* Orientalism
* Photo-Secession
* Photomontage
* Pictorialism
* Pop art
* Postmodernism
* Realism
* Socialist realism
* Straight photography
* Surrealism
* Vortograph
* Wiener Aktionismus / Viennese Actionism

## Lists

* List of most expensive photographs
* List of photographs considered the most important