OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sergey Oldenburg

Sergey Fyodorovich Oldenburg (Russian: Серге́й Фёдорович Ольденбу́рг; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1863 – 28 February 1934) was a Russian orientalist who specialized in Buddhist studies. He was a disciple of Ivan Minayev, the founder of Russian Indology.

## Biography

Sergey Feodorovitch Oldenburg was born in Russia on 26 September 1863, in Byankino, Transbaikal Oblast. His father was of the Livonian nobility; his grandfather was a full general in the Imperial Russian Army. During the 1880s while at St. Petersburg University Oldenburg participated in the Scientific-Literary Association of Students, a brotherhood which shared liberal and radical ideals. Here he met Aleksandr Ulyanov as they were both in the inner circle of this organisation. Ulyanov dropped out of the inner circle when he started to plan an assassination attempt on the life of emperor Alexander III. The attempt failed, and following the execution of Ulyanov in 1887, his brother, Vladimir Lenin visited Oldenburg in Saint Petersburg in 1891. Oldenburg had just returned from a two-year trip to London, Paris, and Cambridge.
Oldenburg was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1900, and he served as its permanent Secretary from 1904 to 1929. From 1905 he became active in the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. In 1909–10 and 1914–15, he travelled in central Asia, where he discovered Sanskrit texts. He instigated scientific expeditions to Tibet and Dzungaria, which brought to light unique Buddhist manuscripts. To publish newly found manuscripts, in 1897 Oldenburg launched an authoritative edition of Buddhist texts, Bibliotheca Buddhica, which continues to this day.
Oldenburg joined the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) in 1905; he served as a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia from 1912 to 1917. Following the February Revolution of 1917 he served in the Russian Provisional Government as Minister of Education. He set up the Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia at this time. Unlike his Kadet colleagues, he stayed in Russia after the October Revolution brought the Bolsheviks to power. Based on his acquaintance with Vladimir Lenin, he was able to develop an alliance between the Bolsheviks and Russian ethnographers, the former being more interested in nationalism amongst European peoples of the former Russian Empire, the ethnographers focusing more on the national question amongst its Asian peoples.
Although he was briefly imprisoned by the Cheka in 1919, Oldenburg served as permanent secretary of the Academy of Sciences until 1929, when the Communist Party ousted hundreds of staff for resisting Bolshevization. Oldenburg devoted the remainder of his life to administrating the Soviet Institute of Oriental Studies, whose antecedent (the Asian Museum) he had directed since 1916.
He died on 28 February 1934 in St Petersburg. His son Sergei Sergeyevich Oldenburg wrote a biography of Tsar Nicholas II. His granddaughter Zoé Oldenbourg became a well-known French novelist and historian.
# John Smith (folk musician)

John Smith is an English folk guitarist and singer from Devon.
He has toured Britain, Europe and America extensively, both solo and with artists such as Iron and Wine, James Yorkston, John Martyn, David Gray, Jools Holland, Gil Scott-Heron and Lisa Hannigan (whose records he also plays on). Smith remained unsigned to any record label for several years, but released several self-funded albums. Recent releases have been distributed by Thirty Tigers.
After the death of John Martyn, he appeared on a tribute album to Martyn alongside Bombay Bicycle Club, Paolo Nutini, Snow Patrol, Phil Collins and Beth Orton.
His unique guitar style has influenced many artists including James Newton Chadwick and Ben Howard. In particular Smith uses a variety of open tunings and percussive techniques (especially on the song "Winter").

## Discography (Albums)

* The Fox and the Monk (2006)
* Live At The Roundhouse (2007)
* Map or Direction (2009)
* Eavesdropping (2011)
* Great Lakes (2013)
* Headlong (2017) 15 UK Indie
* Hummingbird (2018) 30 UK Indie
* Live In Chester (2020) (Commoner/Thirty Tigers)
* The Fray (2021) (Commoner Records) 40 UK Indie
* The Fray: Variations (2022) - 6-track album
* The Living Kind (2024) (Commoner/Thirty Tigers) 10 UK indie
# Elizabeth Stewart (singer)

Elizabeth Campbell Stewart (13 May 1939 to 13 October 2022) was a folk musician and singer from Aberdeenshire who championed Traveller folk traditions.

## Biography

Stewart was born in the village of Fetterangus, Aberdeenshire, to Jean and Donald Stewart. She was born into a family of musicians, which included her mother, Jean, and her aunt, Lucy Stewart. By the age of 3, Stewart was able to play “My Aul Wife an Your Aul Wife”, showing her musical talent from a young age.
# Durgam Chinnaiah

Durgam Chinnaiah is an Indian politician and a legislator of Telangana Legislature. He won from Bellampalli on Telangana Rashtra Samithi ticket.
# Diana Bartovičová

Diana Bartovičová (born 20 May 1993) is a Slovak football midfielder currently playing for Slavia Praha in the Czech First Division. She is a member of the Slovak national team.
Goals scored for the Slovak WNT in official competitions :
| Competition | Stage | Date | Location | Opponent | Goals | Result | Overall |
| 2013 UEFA Euro | Qualifiers | 2011–11–19 | Senec | Belarus | 1 | 3–0 | 1 |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2013–10–26 | Sesvete | Croatia | 1 | 1–0 | 1 |
# Haarr

Haarr is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elisabeth Haarr (1945–2025), Norwegian artist
* Margrethe Haarr (born 1985), Norwegian politician
# Bong Town

Bong Town (also known as Bong Mine Community or just Bong) is a populated place in the Bong County of Liberia.
From its establishment in 1958 through the late 1980s, the Bong Mining Company (BMC), a German-Italian-owned concession in Liberia built a substantial mining complex to surface mine the iron ore of the mountain range just on the north side of the Margibi/Bong county borderline. Notably, the company constructed and maintained one of Liberia's main rail lines to the remote site to ship the iron ore from the mountains. Since 2009, the China Union Investment Company concession has begun to rebuild the complex and also has begun construction of a new paved road southward to Kakata. As of June 2012, the road had about 1/5 of its total distance covered with pavement with one small bridge under active construction just outside Kakata. As of April 2024, they have abandoned the project.

## Education

The town has one government secondary school. Many German children went to the formerly German school, especially in the sixties, seventies and eighties. There was also a smaller British School for the children of English speaking employees.

## Geography

Bong Town is connected by a partially paved road to Kakata and a rail line to the Freeport of Monrovia. The town is directly situated on a small iron ore-rich mountain range. Handi town is a small populated area north of Bong Town near the river.

## Notable people

* 2C (1987), United States-based singer and songwriter
# 1816 in Brazil

Events in the year 1816 in Brazil.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Queen Mary I of Portugal (until 20 March); King John VI of Portugal (starting 20 March)

## Events

* In 1816, Brazil was still under Portuguese colonial rule as part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. This year is notably remembered for the arrival of the French Artistic Mission in Brazil.
* The French Artistic Mission arrived in Rio de Janeiro under the invitation of King John VI of Portugal. Led by artists like Jean-Baptiste Debret and Nicolas-Antoine Taunay, the mission aimed to establish European artistic and cultural standards in Brazil. This initiative later contributed to the founding of the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes, shaping Brazilian art and architecture and leaving a lasting cultural legacy.

## Deaths
### March

* March 20 - Queen Mary I dies at the age of 81, leaving the throne to her 48-year-old son John VI.
# Joe Russell (backgammon)

Joseph Russell is a world class backgammon player from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a founding sponsor and the chairman of the board of directors of the U.S. Backgammon Federation. He organized and directed the first national collegiate backgammon championships on behalf of the U.S. Backgammon Federation. He was a teacher/coach for the UCLA backgammon team that won the national collegiate backgammon championship in 2011.
He is a former World Champion and Vice-World Champion. He was inducted into the Backgammon Hall of Fame in 2017. The backgammon titles he has won include:
* the Backgammon World Championship held in Monaco in 1989;
* the American Backgammon Tour Championship in 1995;
* the Rio Pro-Am of 1999, Doubles;
* the 2015 U.S. Open Backgammon Championship.
* captained the U.S.team to a first place finish in the World Internet Backgammon Federation's World Team Championship in 2019
# Alexander Starritt

Alexander Starritt (born 1985) is a Scottish-German novelist, journalist and entrepreneur. Starritt was educated at Somerville College, Oxford. He came to public attention in 2017 with the release of his debut novel The Beast. He was also one of the founding team on the policy platform Apolitical, which in 2018 was listed by US business magazine Fast Company as one of the World's 'Most Innovative Companies'.
Starritt has also published several translations from German, including works by Stefan Zweig and Arthur Schnitzler. In 2020 he published We Germans, a novel about Germans defeated on the Eastern Front of World War II.

## The Beast

The Beast is a satire of British tabloid journalism. It has been described by critics as a successor to Evelyn Waugh's novel Scoop. It tells the story of a downtrodden sub-editor, Jeremy Underwood, who notices two figures dressed in burqas outside the offices of the tabloid newspaper where he works. When he mentions this to his colleagues, their paranoia and hunger for a story take over. The Beast's journalists come to believe they are the target of an imminent terrorist attack and events quickly escalate out of control.
The novel deals with themes such as the rapaciousness of the tabloids, the decline of print journalism, and Islamophobia in the British media. Several critics have pointed out that the novel contains a great deal of affection for the world it describes. For example, te Scottish journalist Hugh Macdonald, reviewing the novel in The National, wrote, "This may not be a love letter to the ailing print media but it will serve as an elegy."
# Central District (Damghan County)

The Central District of Damghan County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان دامغان) is in Semnan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Damghan.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, the village of Kalateh was elevated to city status as Kalateh Rudbar.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 72,967 in 20,303 households. The following census in 2011 counted 76,495 people in 22,447 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 81,894 inhabitants in 26,174 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Damghan County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Damankuh RD | 4,278 | 4,045 | 4,590 |
| Howmeh RD | 4,318 | 3,854 | 5,162 |
| Rudbar RD | 4,536 | 6,052 | 2,778 |
| Damghan (city) | 57,331 | 58,770 | 59,106 |
| Dibaj (city) | 2,504 | 3,774 | 5,647 |
| Kalateh Rudbar (city) | | | 4,611 |
| Total | 72,967 | 76,495 | 81,894 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Optical axis

An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight. Lens elements often have rotational symmetry about the axis.
The optical axis defines the path along which light propagates through the system, up to first approximation. For a system composed of simple lenses and mirrors, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry. The optical axis is often coincident with the system's mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off-axis optical systems.
For an optical fiber, the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core, and is also known as the fiber axis.
# No Soul No Strain

No Soul No Strain is the fifth album by the American band Wire Train, released in 1992.
The first single was "Stone Me". The band supported the album by touring with Live, among others.

## Production

The album was produced by Bill Bottrell. Wire Train started work on the tracks in a cabin close to Yosemite National Park, and finished them in Bottrell's Toad Hall recording studio.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| The State | |
The Chicago Tribune wrote: "Wire Train sounds too much like too many other modern rock outfits to be cited for iconoclastic genius and originality, but the California quartet does an exceptional job of delivering a variety of immediately accessible, funky pop hooks with a minimum of dull filler." Miami New Times deemed the album "delightfully casual and smartly cool real rock."
The State praised the "chunkier guitars and complex rhythms," writing that "this is Wire Train's most ambitious work to date." The Capital Times opined that "the wittiness of the lyrics ('Jesus and Mohammed were just a couple of regular guys who made a lot of good friends after they died') is supported by consistently compelling music."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kevin Hunter, Jeff Trott, Anders Rundblad, and Brian MacLeod except where noted.

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
* Kevin Hunter – vocals
* Jeff Trott – guitar
* Anders Rundblad – bass
* Brian MacLeod – drums

## Production

* Produced by Bill Bottrell
* Engineer – Bob Salcedo
* Assistant Engineers – Blair Lamb & Lotti Kierkegaard
* Mixed by Bill Bottrell & Bob Salcedo
* Mastered by Steve Hall
# Aluminerie Alouette

Aluminerie Alouette is an aluminum manufacturing company based in Sept-Îles, Quebec, Canada, on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

## History

In 2005, the Alouette Aluminum Smelter, at 550,000 metric tonnes capacity per year, became the largest primary aluminum smelter in the Americas.
The construction of an aluminum smelter at Sept-Îles was made possible with the completion of the Churchill Falls Hydro Electric project in Labrador in 1972. Electrical transmission lines from Churchill Falls, carrying power to the Hydro-Québec power grid, pass close to the city of Sept-Îles, with Hydro-Québec's Arnaud substation built on the outskirts of the city.
In 1989, attracted by Hydro-Québec's low power costs and the seaport facilities at Sept-Îles, Alouette built a 215,000 tonne per year smelter on Pointe-Noire, Quebec, located on the southern side of Sept-Îles Bay. The smelter was funded by an international consortium, consisting of Austria Metall AG (AMAG), Kobe Aluminum and Marubeni of Japan, Koninklijke Hoogovens of the Netherlands, Société générale de financement (SGF), and VAW of Germany.
In 2002, plans were approved to expand the smelter by more than double its original capacity. This phase 2 project was completed in September 2005. Since 2011, the Alouette Smelter uses 930 MW electricity at maximum production capacity.
Aluminerie Alouette is certified ISO 9001 (quality), ISO 17025 (laboratory quality and environmental analysis), ISO 14001 (environment) and OHSAS 18001 (health and safety).

## Current investors

* AMAG Austria Metall AG (Austria, 20%)
* Hydro Aluminium (Norway, 20%)
* Investissement Québec (Canada, 6.67%)
* Marubeni Metals & Minerals (Japan, 13.33%)
* Rio Tinto Alcan (Canada, 40%)
# Howlock Mountain

Howlock Mountain is a heavily eroded shield volcano in the Cascade Range of central Oregon, located along the Cascade Crest just north of Mount Thielsen. Ice Age glaciers eroded away most of the flanks of the volcano, leaving numerous deep cirques surrounding a central ridge capped by several horns. The summit of Howlock Mountain lies along the border between Douglas County and Klamath County.
# Via Tiburtina

Via Tiburtina is an ancient road in Italy leading east-northeast from Rome to Tivoli (Latin: Tibur) and then, with the Via Valeria, on to Pescara (Latin: Aternum).

## Historical road

It was probably built by the Roman censor Marcus Valerius Maximus in 307 BC at the time of the conquest of the Aequi territory and later lengthened, probably in about 154 BC, by Marcus Valerius Messalla to the territories of the Marsi and the Aequi in the Abruzzo, as Via Valeria. Its total length was approximately 200 km from Rome to Aternum (the modern Pescara). It exited Rome through the Aurelian Walls at the Porta Tiburtina, and through the Servian Wall at the Porta Esquilina.
Historians assert that the Via Tiburtina must have come into existence as a trail during the establishment of the Latin League. It is difficult to determine the part of the course from Albulae Aquae to Tibur. Though afterward it became an important thoroughfare, the extension of the Via Tiburtina beyond Tibur always retained its original name of Via Valeria.

### Roman bridges

There are the remains of several Roman bridges along the road, including the Ponte Lucano and Ponte Mammolo.

## Contemporary road

A former state road with the same name exists today and follows the same path.
# Farías

Farías, or Farias (without the accent), is a Portuguese and Spanish surname. It is a variation of the Portuguese surname Faria.

## People

* Agustín Farías, Argentine professional footballer
* Alexandre Farias de Lima Júnior (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
* Alisson Farias (born 1996), Brazilian footballer
* André Filipe Farias Marques (born 1987), Portuguese footballer
* André Oliveira Farias (born 1979), Brazilian footballer
* Anna Maria Farias, American lawyer and government official
* Augusto Farias, Brazilian politician, brother of Paulo Cesar Farias
* Bruna Farias (born 1992), Brazilian sprinter
* Bruno Candido Farias (born 1987), Brazilian footballer
* Carlos Farias (born 1976), Chilean-born soccer player
* César Farías, Venezuelan football manager
* Diego Farias (born 1990), Brazilian footballer
* Diogo da Silva Farias (born 1990), Brazilian footballer
* Ediglê Quaresma Farias (born 1978), Brazilian footballer
* Edson Rodrigues Farias (born 1992), Brazilian footballer
* Eleílson Farias de Moura (born 1985), Brazilian footballer
* Érica Farías, Argentine professional boxer
* Erika Farías, Venezuelan politician
* Ernesto Farías, Argentine professional footballer
* Facundo Farías, Argentine professional footballer
* Fernando Camilo Farias (born 1986), Brazilian footballer
* Gómez Farías (disambiguation)
* Jeff Farias, American talk-show host
* Jonathan Farías, Argentine professional footballer
* José Farías, Argentine football manager
* Julio Farías Cabello, Argentine rugby union player
* Leandro Farias (born 1983), Brazilian-born Togo footballer
* Lindbergh Farias (born 1969), Brazilian politician
* Lucas Farias (born 1994), Brazilian footballer
* Marlon Farias Castelo Branco (born 1985), Brazilian footballer
* Paola Farías, Ecuadorian actress and former beauty pageant
* Paulo Cesar Farias (1945–1996), central figure in 1992 Brazilian corruption scandal
* Perla Farías, Venezuelan director, producer, screenwriter and executive
* Roberto Farias (1932–2018), Brazilian film director
* Rogelio Farías, Chilean football midfielder
* Sérgio Farias (born 1967), Brazilian football manager
* Vanderlei Farias da Silva (born 1984), Brazilian footballer
* Victor Farías, Chilean historian and author of communist literature
* Wanderson Cristaldo Farias (born 1988), Brazilian footballer
* Willian Farias (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
* Zenon de Souza Farias (born 1954), Brazilian former football player

## Places

* Farias Brito, municipality in Brazil
# Kate Hollern

Catherine Malloy Hollern CBE (born 12 April 1955) is a British Labour Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn from 2015 to 2024. She was Leader of Blackburn with Darwen Council from 2004 to 2007 and 2010 to 2015.

## Early life and career

Catherine Hollern was born on 12 April 1955 in Dumbarton. She moved to Blackburn in the late 1970s. Hollern worked in management at a Blackburn footwear factory and later Blackburn College.
At the 1995 local elections, Hollern was elected to represent Bank Top on Blackburn with Darwen Council. She defeated the incumbent councillor, a former Labour representative standing as an independent.
Hollern was re-elected to represent Wensley Fold following boundary changes in 1997, and in 2004 she succeeded Bill Taylor to become Council Leader. She continued as group leader after Labour lost control in 2007, she returned to lead the Council once they regained power in 2010.
Hollern stepped down as Council Leader and as a councillor in March 2015.

## Parliamentary career

In March 2014, Hollern was selected, using an all-women shortlist, to succeed former cabinet minister Jack Straw as the Labour candidate for Blackburn. At the 2015 general election, Hollern was elected to Parliament as MP for Blackburn with 56.3% of the vote and a majority of 12,760.
Hollern served as a Shadow Defence Minister from January 2016 to October 2016.
She supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the leadership election. On 10 October 2016, she was appointed Shadow Minister for Communities and Local Government.
At the snap 2017 general election, Hollern was re-elected as MP for Blackburn with an increased vote share of 69.8% and an increased majority of 20,368.
In July 2017, Hollern was appointed as Corbyn's Parliamentary private secretary (PPS).
Hollern was again re-elected at the 2019 general election, with a decreased vote share of 64.9% and a decreased majority of 18,304.
Following Keir Starmer's election as Labour leader, Hollern served as Shadow Minister for Communities and Local Government from 2020. She resigned on 12 May 2021 after being accused of trying to "isolate a parliamentary worker who had made allegations of sexual harassment" against former Labour MP Mike Hill.
In January 2024, Hollern was re-selected as the Labour candidate for Blackburn at the 2024 general election. She lost in that election to Independent candidate Adnan Hussain by 132 votes.

## Personal life

Hollern's partner of 26 years was politician and trade unionist John Roberts, with whom she had two daughters. Roberts served as a Member of Blackburn with Darwen Council and Chair of Blackburn Labour. He died in 2017 at the age of 61, having been diagnosed with cancer shortly after Hollern's election to Parliament in 2015.
# Pope Mark

Pope Mark (Latin: Marcus) was the bishop of Rome from 18 January to his death on 7 October 336.
Little is known of Mark's early life. According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a Roman, and his father's name was Priscus. Mark succeeded Sylvester I as pope on 18 January 336.
Some evidence suggests that the early lists of bishops and martyrs known as the Depositio episcoporum and Depositio martyrum were begun during his pontificate. According to the Liber Pontificalis, Pope Mark issued a constitution investing the bishop of Ostia with a pallium and confirming his power to consecrate newly elected popes. Likewise according to the Liber Pontificalis, Pope Mark is credited with the foundation of the Basilica of San Marco, a basilica in Rome, and a cemetery church over the Catacomb of Balbina, just outside the city on lands obtained as a donation from Emperor Constantine.
Mark died of natural causes on 7 October and was buried in the catacomb of Balbina. In 1048, his remains were removed to the town of Velletri, and in 1145 were relocated to the Basilica of San Marco in Rome, where they are kept in an urn under the altar. His feast day is celebrated on 7 October. He is particularly venerated at the Abbadia San Salvatore at Monte Amiata.