OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Osborn–Bennett Historic District

The Osborn–Bennett Historic District is a residential historic district in Tiverton, Rhode Island consisting of four houses. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## History and description

The district was formed around Main Road which was laid out in 1683 by the first English settlers in the area. The Osborn family settled there in the 18th century and distinguished themselves as businessmen and attorneys. The Osborn family cemetery is within the district as well as several Italianate houses. The district extends along Main Road north of its junction with Rhode Island Route 24, and includes three houses on the west side of the road (1148, 1168, and 1188) and one on the east side (1137).
The houses are:
* The Edward Bennett/James Otis Hambly House at 1137 Main Road, is a small-style Federal house built c.1822. The house's ell may not be original, but is certain to have existed by 1895. The roof was replaced some time after 1936. There is also a 1 1/2 story barn to the south of the house.
* The Osborn House at 1148 Main Road, across the street from the Bennett-Hambly House, was built c.1845 in the Italianate style. Its ell dates from some time before 1895. A number of farm outbuildings still exist on the lot which surrounds the house of three sides and which was once part of the Osborn farm. These include a small barn, the ruins of another barn, a garage, a shed, and an unspecified outbuilding. The house remained in the hands of the Osborn family until the mid to late 20th century.
* The Thomas Osborn Homestead at 1168 Main Road dates from c.1790. It is a two-story Federal style house on extensive property with includes wooded areas and open fields. The ell may be original to the building, but was in place by 1895. Outbuildings include a barn and a shed, and the Osborn family cemetery is also on the property. The earliest marked grave is Thomas Osborn's from 1833, and the latest from 1972. Thomas Osborn was the first white settler in the area. The house has been owned by a member of the Osborn family since its construction to at least 2005.
* The Judge Joseph Osborn House at 1188 Main Road is an Italianate house built around 1845. It originally included an ell, which has since been removed by 1953. The property includes a large barn/garage with two shed attached. Like the Osborn House, the Judge Joseph Osborn House remained in the hands of the Osborn family until the mid to late 20th century. The judge is said to have been "perhaps [the] most distinguished member" of the Osborn family.

## Gallery

* The Edward Bennett/James Otis Holmby House
* The Judge Joseph Osborn House
* The Osborn House
# Humphrey Orme

Humphrey Orme (1620 – 2 March 1671) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1654 and from 1660 to 1671.
Orme was the son of Humphrey Orme of Peterborough and his wife Mary Orme, daughter of Humphrey Orme of Compton Dundon, Somerset. He was baptised on 12 October 1620.
Orme's grandfather was a strong Royalist. Nevertheless, Orme supported Parliament, being in 1650 one Commissioners for raising money in Northamptonshire. In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament for Peterborough in the First Protectorate Parliament.
In 1660, Orme was re-elected MP for Peterborough in the Convention Parliament. He was recommended as a Knight of the Royal Oak. He was re-elected in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1671.
Orme died at the age of 50.
Orme married Mary Apreece, widow of Robert Apreece and daughter of Sir Henry Bedingfield, 1st Baronet of Oxburgh, Norfolk.
# JJC8-016

JJC8-016 is an atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) derived from modafinil. It was an early lead in the development of novel modafinil analogues with improved properties for potential use in the treatment of psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD).

## Pharmacology

The affinities of JJC8-016 for the monoamine transporters are 114 nM for the dopamine transporter (DAT), 3850 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (34-fold lower than for the DAT), and 354 nM for the serotonin transporter (SERT) (3.1-fold lower than for the DAT). JJC8-016 also has high affinity for the dopamine D$_2$ receptor (K$_i$ = 228 nM), the dopamine D$_3$ receptor (K$_i$ = 65.9 nM), the dopamine D$_4$ receptor (K$_i$ = 28.1 nM), and the sigma σ$_1$ receptor (K$_i$ = 159 nM). It has much higher affinity for the DAT than modafinil (K$_i$ = 2600 nM; 23-fold difference), but is also much less selective in comparison.

## Animal studies

JJC8-016 does significantly modify dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, does not produce cocaine- or psychostimulant-like effects, and is not self-administered in animals. As such, it shows a profile of low misuse liability. Its actions are in contrast to modafinil and other analogues, which do significantly increase nucleus accumbens dopamine levels, albeit much less robustly than cocaine. JJC8-016 has been found to blunt cocaine-mediated increases in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, to dose-dependently block the psychostimulant-like effects of cocaine, to block self-administration of cocaine, and to prevent cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in animals. It has also been found to reduce methamphetamine self-administration and escalation of its intake.

## Preclinical development

JJC8-016 was under investigation for the potential treatment of PSUD. However, it was abandoned following findings that it interacts with high affinity at the hERG antitarget (IC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 60 nM) and thereby would be predicted to produce cardiotoxicity. This was also the reason for the abandonment of vanoxerine (GBR-12909), a structurally distinct atypical DRI that was in clinical trials for PSUD. In addition to its hERG affinity, JJC8-016 was described as having poor metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Subsequently, more selective modafinil-derived DAT blockers, like JJC8-088 and JJC8-091, were developed. JJC8-088 has ~90-fold higher affinity for the DAT than JJC8-016 and ~2-fold lower affinity for the hERG. Newer related modafinil analogues and DRIs with further reduced affinity for the hERG were also subsequently developed.
JJC8-016 was first described in the scientific literature by 2014.
# L chondrite

The L type ordinary chondrites are the second most common group of meteorites, accounting for approximately 35% of all those catalogued, and 40% of the ordinary chondrites. The ordinary chondrites are thought to have originated from three parent asteroids, with the fragments making up the H chondrite, L chondrite and LL chondrite groups respectively.

## Name

Their name comes from their relatively low iron abundance (less than 10%) with respect to the H chondrites, which are about 20–25% iron by weight.
Historically, the L chondrites have been named hypersthene chondrites or olivine hypersthene chondrites for the dominant minerals, but these terms are now obsolete.

## Chemical composition

Characteristic is the fayalite content (Fa) in olivine of 21 to 25 mol%. About 4–10% iron–nickel is found as a free metal, making these meteorites magnetic, but not as strongly as the H chondrites.

## Mineralogy

The most abundant minerals are olivine and hypersthene (an orthopyroxene), as well as iron–nickel and troilite. Chromite, sodium-rich feldspar and calcium phosphates occur in minor amounts. Petrologic type 6 dominates, with over 60% of the L chondrites falling into this class. This indicates that the parent body was sizeable enough (greater than 100 kilometres (62 mi) in diameter) to experience strong heating.

## Ordovician meteor event

Many of the L chondrite meteors may have their origin in the Ordovician meteor event, radioisotope dated with uranium-lead method at around 467.50±0.28 million years ago. Compared to other chondrites, a large proportion of the L chondrites have been heavily shocked, which is taken to imply that the parent body was catastrophically disrupted by a large impact. This impact has been dated via cosmic ray exposure at around 468.0±0.3 million years ago. Earlier argon dating placed the event at around 470±6 million years ago.

## Parent body

The parent body/bodies for this group are not known, but plausible suggestions include 433 Eros and 8 Flora, or the Flora family as a whole. 433 Eros has been found to have a similar spectrum, while several pieces of circumstantial evidence for the Flora family exist: (1) the Flora family is thought to have formed about 1,000 to 500 million years ago; (2) the Flora family lies in a region of the asteroid belt that contributes strongly to the meteorite flux at Earth; (3) the Flora family consists of S-type asteroids, whose composition is similar to that of chondrite meteorites; and (4) the Flora family parent body was over 100 kilometres (62 mi) in diameter.
The Massalia family is also a possible source of these meteorites.
# Leslie Santos

Leslie George Santos (Chinese: 山度士, born 20 July 1967) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He was widely regarded as one of the best attacking midfielders in the history of Hong Kong football. He is of Portuguese and British descent.

## Career

During his peak (1983–1997), Santos played for South China. His career was disrupted by two cruciate ligament injuries to his left knee after tearing it in the final match of the 1992–93 season against British Forces which sidelined him for eight months, and then tearing it again during a league match against Sing Tao in 1993–94 after a heavy tackle by Ian Docker which took 3 years for rehabilitation. He was twice awarded Footballer of the year and he rounded off his career with Sun Hei.
Santos took over as coach for Sun Hei in the 2008–09 Hong Kong League Cup and took them to victory in the final over Pegasus where they won 6-4 on penalties after the match finished 2–2, thus ending his coaching career in glory. Santos was award Best Coach of the Year for this victory. Santos was surprised by the award because he only coached for a short time.

## Retirement

He is now a columnist for the Oriental Daily newspaper and runs his own soccer academy named after himself, known as Santos Soccer Training Limited Hong Kong. In December 2009, the school reached a long-term agreement with Chelsea FC in 2009 to develop its first-ever Soccer School in Asia to provide football and charity opportunities to children. The school is now known as Chelsea FC Soccer School (HK). It is based in Lam Tin, Kowloon with its own Blue Pitch training ground. They also have a new campus in Kwun Tong. In 2020, Leslie Santos was interviewed by the South China Morning Post to speak about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on his Soccer School.

## Personal life

Santos is married and on 29 August 2010, his wife gave birth to a daughter. This was his second daughter.
# Festuca robustifolia

Festuca robustifolia is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to central and southern Italy and Sicily. It is perennial and grows in temperate biomes. It was first described in 1978.
# Shannon Robinson

Shannon Robinson (born April 7, 1948) is an American politician and attorney who served as a member of the New Mexico Senate from 1989 to 2009. During his tenure, he represented the 17th district. After losing re-election in 2008, Robinson was an unsuccessful candidate for his old district in 2012, 2016, and 2020. Shannon is related to Quianu Robinson, who served as a representative to the New Mexico Legislature from 1916-1918.

## Early life and education

Robinson was born in Coronado, California. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy from the University of New Mexico and a Juris Doctor from the University of New Mexico School of Law.

## Career

Robinson has practiced law since 1975. In 1988, he was elected to the 17th district of the New Mexico Senate, assuming office in 1989. Robinson served in the Senate for 20 years before he was defeated by Tim Keller in the 2008 Democratic primary election. In 2012, Robinson ran for his old seat against Keller as a Republican. After Keller was elected mayor of Albuquerque, New Mexico, Mimi Stewart was appointed to replace him in the Senate. In 2016, Robinson was an unsuccessful candidate for his old seat against Stewart.
In 2020, Robinson was again a candidate for the 17th district of the New Mexico Senate. Running in the Democratic primary against Stewart, Robinson positioned himself as a progressive, supporting the legalization of marijuana in New Mexico and the implementation of a Green New Deal program. Robinson was defeated by Stewart by a margin of 35%.

## Criminal Actions

Robinson admits to stealing, and even laughs about stealing $43,000 worth of his client's money from a trust fund he administers.
# Sullivan's Gulch, Portland, Oregon

Sullivan's Gulch is a neighborhood (north of the gulch of the same name) in the Northeast section of Portland, Oregon. The name commemorates Timothy Sullivan, an early farmer in the area. Sullivan settled his donation land claim on January 27, 1851. He was born in Ireland in 1805, received citizenship in the United States in 1855, and most likely received title to the claim around 1863.
The compact, densely populated neighborhood borders the Lloyd District (with which it overlaps somewhat) on the west, Irvington and Grant Park on the north, and Kerns on the south.
The gulch extends east from the Willamette River and originally was a forested riparian area featuring a spring-fed pool and waterfalls. During the Great Depression it was home to a "Hooverville" shanty town. Presently the gulch is a major urban transportation corridor, used by the MAX Light Rail system and a Union Pacific rail line, as well as Interstate 84, the Banfield Freeway. A trail north of the Union Pacific tracks (the Sullivan's Gulch Trail) is in planning, but has been held up by its estimated price of $36 million plus land acquisition costs. The first railroad tracks were laid in the gulch in 1882, by the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, later taken over by Union Pacific, which continues to own the line in the 2020s. The Union Pacific tracks, now used only by freight trains, were also used by passenger trains during 1882–1971 and 1977–1997, lastly by the Amtrak Pioneer until its discontinuation in 1997.

## Geology

The gulch itself was formed between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age when the ice dam containing Glacial Lake Missoula thawed some 40 times, causing some of the largest floods known on earth. The flood waters spilled across Idaho and eastern Washington, surged down the Columbia River and through the Gorge, flooding the Willamette Valley as far south as Eugene. This flood covered Portland with approximately 400 feet (122 m) of water, laying down large amounts of silt and gravel, creating the Alameda Ridge, as well as carving out Sullivan's Gulch.
# Osgood Hill

Osgood Hill, also known as the Stevens Estate at Osgood Hill, is a mansion and estate at 709–23 Osgood Street in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
Textile manufacturer Moses Tyler Stevens created the estate between 1884 and 1886, with architect William C. Richardson, who designed the mansion and several outbuildings. Richardson emulated the Romanesque Revival style popularized by H. H. Richardson (no relation).
Osgood Hill is one of the finest intact examples of the Aesthetic Design Movement of the late 1800's. Inspired by Oscar Wilde's 1882 North American lecture tours on the subject of the Aesthetic Movement, the "House Beautiful" at Osgood Hill was designed as a dramatic acknowledgement of the philosophy of the famed playwright, poet genius and social commentator; that the vital intensity of the aesthetic experience is the paramount goal in human life, that art needs no justification and need not serve a moral purpose.
The property has three times been saved from development: in 1951 it was donated to Boston University by the Stevens heirs to avoid that fate; and the town of North Andover purchased the property in 1995 when the university planned to sell it for development as house lots. It is currently operated as a conference center and is a popular venue for weddings.
# Laurence Whitaker

Laurence Whitaker (c. 1578 – 15 April 1654) of Turnham Green, Chiswick was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1624 and 1653.

## Early life

Whitaker was born in Somerset, the son of Laurence Whitaker. He matriculated from St John's College, Cambridge in around 1593 and was awarded BA in 1597 and MA in 1600. He was incorporated at Oxford University in 1603 and admitted at Middle Temple on 24 March 1614.

## Career

He was secretary to Sir Edward Philips, Master of the Rolls. He also held a number of minor public offices, including Clerk of the Petty Bag (1611–1614), and served as a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex.
In 1624 he was elected Member of Parliament for Peterborough. He was re-elected in 1625, 1626 and 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years. In 1624 he became clerk extraordinary of the Privy Council and held the post until 1641 when he was imprisoned.
In November 1640, Whitaker was elected MP for Okehampton in the Long Parliament, of which he was a diarist.

## Death

He died at the age of 76 and was buried at St Giles in the Fields.

## Marriages

He had married twice; firstly Margaret, the daughter of Sir John Egerton and secondly Dorothy, the daughter of Charles Hoskins of Holborn, Middlesex. He had no children and left his Turnham Green house and other assets to his second wife.
# Freyberg Place

Freyberg Place (also known as Freyberg Square) is a small square located in Auckland, New Zealand. It is named after Baron Freyberg who was a prominent soldier and the first New Zealand-raised Governor-General of New Zealand.

## History

The square was first opened in 1946, and the decision to name it Freyberg Place was befitting, given that it is a small square and Freyberg's nickname was "Tiny".
The square underwent significant renovations, costing $4 million, and was reopened on 15 September 2017. It now contains a pōhutukawa tree, some nīkau palms and many concrete steps which double as seating.
Contained within the square is an ornamental fountain and statue of Baron Freyberg in his World War 2 attire.
After the renovation, the road that traversed the square was made into a shared space. Later, in 2018, it was proposed that this be converted completely to a pedestrian mall with bollard access available to emergency vehicles only.

## Surroundings

Freyberg Place is located between High St and O'Connell St, near the centre of Auckland's CBD.
It is adjacent to Chancery Square and serves as frontage to the Ellen Melville Centre which was opened in 1962. One the other side of the square, there is the Metropolis building.
# Oikawa Station

Oikawa Station (笈川駅, Oikawa-eki) is a train station in the village of Yugawa, Kawanuma District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

Oikawa Station is served by the Ban'etsu West Line, and is 73.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kōriyama.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended. There is no station building, but only a prefabricated shelter on the platform.

## History

The station opened on 1 November 1934. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

## Surrounding area

* Oikawa Elementary School
* National Route 121
# Whitney Hedgepeth

Whitney Lynn Hedgepeth (born March 19, 1971) is an American former competition swimmer who won a gold and two silver medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Hedgepeth was born in Charlottesville, Virginia. She reached the Olympic level as a swimmer for the Virginia Association for Competitive Swimming (VACS) under coach Dudley Duncan. Many Virginia Swimming LSC Records remain hers, over two decades later.
Hedgepeth initially attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where she competed for coach Randy Reese's Florida Gators swimming and diving team in 1989–90. As a Gator swimmer, she won two NCAA national championships: the individual 200-meter freestyle, and as a member of the Gators' winning team in the 4×100-meter medley relay. She received seven All-American honors from her performance at the 1990 NCAA championships. Following her freshman year, she transferred to the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, and finished her NCAA career swimming for coach Jill Sterkel's Texas Longhorns swimming and diving team from 1992 to 1994. As a Texas Longhorn swimmer, she won three more NCAA national championships and received another twenty All-American honors, for a career total of twenty-seven.
She competed in the 200-meter individual medley at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, finishing eighth in the final. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, Hedgepeth won individual silver medals in the 100-meter backstroke and 200-meter backstroke events, and a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. relay team in the women's 4×100-meter medley relay event.
Hedgepeth retired from competition swimming after the Atlanta Games, and became a swimming coach with Longhorn Aquatics in Austin. Since 2005, she was the masters' coach of the Longhorn Aquatics program. In 2013, she was honored as the Speedo U.S. Masters Swimming Coach of the Year.
She was inducted into the University of Texas' Longhorns Hall of Honor in 2007.
In 2010, Hedgepeth was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.
Hedgepeth's daughter, Dakota Luther, swam at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and placed 15th in the 200 m butterfly.