OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kii-Ida Station

Kii-Ida Station (紀伊井田駅, Kii-Ida-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the town of Kihō, Minamimuro District, Mie, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

## Lines

Kii-Ida Station is served by the Kisei Main Line, and is located 173.8 km (108.0 mi) from the terminus of the line at Kameyama Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform serving bi-directional traffic. The original station building, dating from the opening of the line, was demolished and replaced by a smaller, simpler waiting-room structure in 2012. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Kisei Main Line | For Shingū For Owase, Nagoya |

## History

Kii-Ida Station opened on 8 August 1940, as a station on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) Kisei-Nishi Line. The JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR) after World War II, and the line was renamed the Kisei Main Line on 15 July 1959. The station has been unattended since 21 December 1983. The station was absorbed into the JR Central network upon the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 34 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Kiho Town Ida Elementary School
* Kiho Town Hall Ida Branch
* Ida Kannon
# Genealogy software

Genealogy software is computer software used to record, organize, and publish genealogical data.

## Features

At a minimum, genealogy software collects the date and place of an individual's birth, marriage, and death, and stores the relationships of individuals to their parents, spouses, and children. Some programs are more flexible than others in allowing for the input of children born out of wedlock or for varying types of spousal relationships. Additionally, most genealogy programs handle additional events in an individual's life, notes, photographs and multimedia, and source citations. Genealogy software programs can produce a variety of graphical charts and text reports, such as pedigree charts, ahnentafel reports, and Register reports. Some desktop applications generate HTML pages for web publishing; there are stand-alone web applications, as well. Most genealogy programs can import and export using the GEDCOM standard.
There are also some programs that allow users to create Genograms which can be used by scientists, social workers, doctors, and others to get a graphical view of additional information.
Some programs include additional fields relevant to particular religions. Others focus on certain geographical regions. For example, having a field for the family's coat of arms is only relevant if the family comes from a part of the world that uses them.
While most programs and applications are desktop-based, there are a number of web-based products in the genealogy software market.
Many genealogy applications focus on data management in that they allow users to manage all the information they collect on individuals, families, and events. Other tools available to the genealogist include research management tools, mapping tools, charting programs, and web-publishing programs.

## Sharing

Most genealogy software allows export of data in GEDCOM format, which can then be shared with people using different genealogy software. Some genealogy applications use GEDCOM internally and therefore work directly with GEDCOM data. Certain programs allow the user to restrict what information is shared, usually by inhibiting export of some or all personal information about living people for privacy reasons.
# Turznia

Turznia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Żytno, 23 km (14 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 99 km (62 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Thomas Diery Patten

Thomas Diery Patten CBE FRSE (1 January 1926 – 4 July 1999) was a Scottish mechanical engineer and educator. He was involved in the development of the Scottish North Sea Oil Industry in the 1960s, heading the Institute of Offshore Engineering. He was President of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers 1991/92. He was known as Tom Patten.

## Life

He was born in Ford, Northumberland on New Years Day, 1 January 1926 to Scottish parents: his father was William Ford who had raised himself from a post office telegraph boy to manager of the Prudential Insurance Company.
His family moved to Edinburgh and he was educated at Leith Academy. He then studied engineering at the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BSc. Although too young to serve in the Second World War he served National Service 1947 to 1949, and was posted first to Palestine (during its critical years), and then to the British Military Mission in Greece where he attached to the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers with the notional rank of captain. In 1950 he returned to Edinburgh and began lecturing in engineering at the University of Edinburgh. He became senior lecturer in 1952 and gained his first doctorate in 1954. He ran the University's Officer Training Corps. In 1957 he had a sabbatical year at McGill University in Canada. In 1967 he was given a professorship at Heriot-Watt University. He later became Vice Principal of the University.
In 1961 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John F. Allen, William Ewart Farvis, Norman Feather and Mowbray Ritchie. He served as Secretary to the Society from 1972 to 1976 and as Vice President 1976 to 1979. Queen Elizabeth II created him a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1981.
He retired in 1981 and died on 4 April 1999.

## Family

In 1950 he married Jacqueline Wright. They had two daughters, Diane and Gail and one son, Colin Patten.
# Glasmine 43

The Glasmine 43 was an anti-personnel mine with a glass body used by Nazi Germany during World War II.
This mine was an early minimum metal mine, designed to reduce the likelihood of detection by the Polish mine detector then in use by Allied forces. The use of glass instead of metal helped conserve valuable war materials.

## Description

The mine consists of a glass bowl, six inches (15 cm) in diameter containing an explosive charge and a detonator. The top of the mine was covered by a sheet-glass disk 0.25 inches (6.4 mm) thick, under a thick, moulded glass pressure plate. Each mine was supplied with a small quantity of cement putty to seal gaps between the main body and the glass disk cover and make the mine waterproof.
When stepped on, the pressure plate shattered the glass disk and activated the detonator, detonating the mine's main explosive charge. This was a Sprengkörper 28 – a standard demolition charge with 200 grams (7.1 oz) of explosive. Two types of detonators were used. Early versions of the mine used a mechanical detonator, known as a Hebelzünder 44 which used a percussion cap. Later versions fired the main charge using a device known as a Buck igniter.
The Buck igniter was a small can of thin, corrugated aluminium. This contained a glass ampoule of sulfuric acid, surrounded by flash powder that included powdered naphthalene. The can crushed when subjected to a force equivalent to around five pounds (2.3 kg), shattering the ampoule and causing the acid to mix with the powder. The resulting chemical reaction produced a flash that ignited the detonator of the main explosive charge.
In 1944 and 1945, 11 million mines were produced; at the end of World War II, 9.7 million were still in stock. Along with other companies, the Glashütte Gifhorn [de] participated in the production.

## Effect and legacy

Glass shrapnel was not easily detectable via X-rays, which rendered medical assistance to victims much harder than conventional mines. Glass made life-threatening injuries more difficult to assess.
Mines of this type are still buried in the Eifel National Park on the grounds of the Vogelsang Military Training Area, a former "Nazi leadership" training center.
Demining areas with this type of mine is resource intensive, as the fields must be swept either by hand or with mine flails like the Keiler, not forgetting that the latter has a certain margin of error since it was developed with military-tactical deployments in mind (creating pathways through minefields).
In 2004, the Colombian Government claimed that "home-made" glass mines were employed by guerrillas in Colombia.
# Liberty Mountain (Washington)

Liberty Mountain is a prominent 5,680-foot-elevation (1,730 m) mountain summit located at the western edge of the North Cascades, in Snohomish County of Washington state. It is located 2.3 miles south of Three Fingers in the Boulder River Wilderness on land administered by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The mountain's name came from old miners in the Silverton area.

## Climate

Liberty Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) or above 80 °F (27 °C). The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

## Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross sections of the river valleys are the result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes creating the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.
# Bentsion Fleishman

Bentsion Fleishman (Флейшман, Бенцион Шимонович, born 21 November 1923) is a Russian scientist in the field of mathematical statistics, combinatorial analysis and their applications, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor, author of constructive information theory and the theory of potential efficiency.

## Life and career

Fleishman was born in Moscow on 21 November 1923. In 1947, he graduated from the Moscow State University, the Department of Probability Theory, headed by A. N. Kolmogorov and was sent to work in the cryptographic service of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR. After his discharge in 1954, he worked at the institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences: the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (1955–1968) and the Institute of Oceanology (1968–1996).
Potential efficiency theory is a synthesis of reliability theory, information theory and game theory, the successor of cybernetics, aiming at biological and engineering systems on general conceptual and mathematical basis. Its main concept – efficiency – is defined as the probability to achieve the goal with limited resources. Other fundamental concepts are purposeful choice and probabilistic feasibility of engineering systems. The theory was first formulated in his book Elements of the Theory of Potential Efficiency of Complex Systems (1971).
Fleishman wrote more than a hundred scientific articles and five books. From 1966 to 1996, he was the head of the cybernetics and environmental problems section of the Scientific and Technical Society of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Communications. After moving to the US in 1996, he worked on applications of potential efficiency theory and became a member of the International Society for Risk Analysis.
# Carlos Fields

Carlos Fields Jr. (born October 3, 1990) is an American college football coach and former linebacker. He is the defensive coordinator and linebackers coach for Virginia State University, positions he has held since 2022. He played college football for Winston-Salem State. After going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft he signed with the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, New York Giants, Indianapolis Colts, Washington Redskins, Los Angeles Chargers, and Philadelphia Eagles.
Fields Jr. started his coaching career at his alma mater before moving to Thomasville High School and Alabama A&M.

## Professional career
### Oakland Raiders

After going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft, Fields signed with the Oakland Raiders on May 16, 2014. He was waived on August 30.

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

On September 1, 2014, Fields signed to the practice squad of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was released on September 30.

### New York Giants

Fields signed to the New York Giants' practice squad on October 15, 2014. He was released on October 28.

### Indianapolis Colts

The Indianapolis Colts signed Fields to their practice squad on October 29, 2014. Fields signed a futures contract on January 19, 2015. He was waived on September 5.

### Washington Redskins

The Washington Redskins signed Fields to their practice squad on November 9, 2015. On December 5, 2015, the Washington Redskins activated Fields to their 53-man roster.
The team waived Fields on September 3, 2016.

### Buffalo Bills

On September 6, 2016, Fields was signed to the Buffalo Bills' practice squad. He was released on September 27, 2016.

### Washington Redskins (second stint)

On October 19, 2016, Fields signed to the Washington Redskins practice squad. He was released on November 15, 2016.

### San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers

On November 21, 2016, Fields was signed to the Chargers' practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on December 31, 2016. On May 16, 2017, he was released by the Chargers.

### Philadelphia Eagles

On August 30, 2017, Fields signed with the Philadelphia Eagles, only to be waived two days later.
# Winchfield railway station

Winchfield railway station is located in the small village of Winchfield and also serves Hartley Wintney and surrounding villages and towns such as Odiham and Whitehall in Hampshire, England.
It is 39 miles 66 chains (64.1 km) down the main line from London Waterloo and is situated between Fleet and Hook. Trains typically run every 30 minutes between Waterloo and Basingstoke.

## History

The London and South Western Railway (then London and Southampton railway) built a line from London to Southampton via Basingstoke. The railway arrived from Woking on 24 September 1838, and Winchfield station was opened as Shapley Heath as a temporary terminus. On 10 June the following year, the line was completed to Basingstoke and Shapley Heath became a through station. It was soon renamed as Winchfield after the village; the precise date of this is unknown, but it had occurred by November 1840.
As with Hook and Farnborough Main, there is a wide gap between the platforms and their tracks. Originally an island platform stood in between them, but this has been removed. When the station was expanded so this platform could be built, one of the platforms was removed and rebuilt further away. Consequently, the current platforms have different style canopies.

## Services

The station is served by 2 trains per hour in each direction during the off-peak hours Monday to Saturday with additional trains during weekday peak hours. On Sundays, trains run once an hour in either direction from the station.
# Gary Terzza

Gary Terzza (born 24 January 1960) is a British television announcer who is most commonly known for his continuity announcing for Channel 4.
Gary was raised in Nottinghamshire and now lives in Redbourn, Hertfordshire.
Gary worked on radio before becoming a continuity announcer for Central Independent Television in 1982 (including presenting Children's ITV between 1987 and 1988), before joining Channel 4 in 1991.
# Stewart Hall (Pointe-Claire)

Stewart Hall (originally Mull Hall) is a cultural centre and art gallery in Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada.
Originally built as a private mansion, today Stewart Hall houses a cultural centre, a reading and reference room, an art gallery, and a community centre.

## History

Mull Hall was constructed for Charles Wesley MacLean in 1915–16 to plans by architect Robert Findlay. The house was named for the Isle of Mull, which was home of the Clan MacLean in the Scottish Highlands.
The Fathers of Sainte-Croix acquired the mansion in 1940, and continued to operate the farm on the surrounding land.
In 1958, the Fathers of Sainte-Croix sold the land to a real estate developer who had planned to build a high-rise apartment building on the site. The land was soon after purchased by Walter and May Stewart, who donated it to the city of Pointe-Claire in exchange for $1.
The city of Pointe-Claire turned the building into a cultural centre, which was inaugurated on February 16, 1963.

## Architecture

The exterior walls of the house are made from locally sourced limestone blocks. The building's design is symmetrical, and consists of thirty five rooms. A large veranda overlooks Lake Saint Louis.
# Emily's Runaway Imagination

Emily's Runaway Imagination is a children's novel by American writer Beverly Cleary, first published in 1961. Set in the 1920s, the plot revolves around the experiences of a young, imaginative girl named Emily.

## Plot

Emily is a young girl noteworthy throughout her hometown of Pitchfork, Oregon for her great imagination and for the predicaments that she inadvertently manages to create, such as by intoxicating her father's pigs by feeding them rotten apples in order to avoid a chiding from her mother for wasting food, using Clorox to bleach a plow horse white in order to impress a visiting cousin, and humiliating herself publicly by correcting the language of a Chinese neighbor after he mispronounces the name of her pet collie.
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# Takashi Suzuki (politician)

Takashi Suzuki (鈴木 隆, Suzuki Takashi, 1882 - 1978) was a Japanese speculator-turned politician.

## Early life

Born to a peasant family in Chiba Prefecture, Suzuki became an elementary school teacher after graduating from a normal school.
His uncle's success in the booming stock market during the Russo-Japanese War interested him in equity investment.

## Business career

Suzuki left teaching to become a market speculator at age 28.
In the market crash of 1920, he earned approximately three million yen by short-selling stocks, when the average monthly salary for college graduates was no more than forty yen.

## Political career

Suzuki successfully ran for the Lower House election in 1920. Backed by the Rikken Seiyūkai, he was reelected for five consecutive terms.
# Wat Traimit

Wat Traimit Witthayaram Worawihan (Thai: วัดไตรมิตรวิทยาราม วรวิหาร) is a Theravada Buddhist temple (wat) in Samphanthawong district, the Chinatown area of the Thai capital Bangkok. Probably dating to the early Rattanakosin period, it was previously known as Wat Sam Chin (วัดสามจีน) and received its current name in 1940. Today, the temple is best known for the golden Buddha statue enshrined there. It also houses the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center.

## History

Wat Traimit was previously known as Wat Sam Chin or Wat Sam Chin Tai (วัดสามจีนใต้, 'south temple of the three Chinese'). According to oral histories, the temple was founded by three Chinese friends, hence its name. The temple was probably originally built around the reign of King Rama III (1824–1851), but was mostly rebuilt in the 1930s–1940s. It was renamed to Wat Traimit Witthayaram (traimit meaning 'three friends') on 3 February 1940, and became a royal temple of the second class in 1956.
A plaster Buddha statue had been moved to the temple from the abandoned Wat Phraya Krai in 1935. In 1955, during a ceremony to move statue to the newly built vihara building, it was accidentally dropped, cracking the plaster and revealing a gold statue hidden beneath. The statue, officially named Phra Phutthamahasuwannapatimakon since 1992, is now housed in the Mondop building, built in 2007.

## Architecture

Wat Traimit is a notable example of early post-absolute monarchy Thai Buddhist temple architecture. The monks' residences were built in 1937, and the ubosot (ordination hall) was built in 1947 in the applied Thai style to designs by Luang Wisansinlapakam. The ubosot and monks' quarter received the ASA Architectural Conservation Award in 2011.
The Mondop building, designed by Arvuth Ngoenchuklin [th], houses the golden Buddha statue on its top floor, and two museums in its lower floors: one dedicated to the statue, and the Yaowarat Chinatown Heritage Center, which depicts the history of the area's Chinese immigrants.

## Gallery

* The ubosot
* Phra Maha Mondop
* The golden Buddha statue
# Alexander E. Kaplan

Alexander E. Kaplan (born 9 June 1938 in Kyiv; died 31 December 2019) was a Soviet-American physicist who was known for his work on nonlinear optics and quantum electronics.

## Education

Kaplan studied physics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and earned his master's degree in 1961. He received his doctorate (in physics and mathematics) from the Russian Academy of Sciences and Gorky State University in 1967.

## Career

From 1961 to 1963 he conducted research at a state laboratory near Moscow, and from 1963 to 1979 Kaplan worked at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. From 1979 to 1982 he worked at the Francis Bitter Magnetic Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kaplan next worked as a professor of electrical engineering at Purdue University from 1982 to 1987. Finally, from 1987 until his retirement in 2016, he was a professor at Johns Hopkins University in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
In addition to his other positions, Kaplan was a visiting researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching in 1981. He also served as a visiting professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the University of Ulm, and Kyoto University.
Kaplan was a theorist who made contributions to various areas of nonlinear optics and quantum electronics. His major contributions were in the fields of very-high order sub-harmonics generation, nonlinear interfaces, soliton physics, relativistic nonlinear optics, and others.

## Recognition

In 1996 he received the Humboldt Prize from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kaplan was named a fellow of the Optical Society of America in 1987 and won their Max Born Award in 2005.
# Charles Wilson (Vermont politician)

Charles Wilson is an American politician from Vermont. He was a Republican member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Caledonia 3 District from 2023 until his resignation due to ill health on 2 March 2024.
Wilson was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania.