OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joshua Cardwell

Joshua Cardwell, JP (1910–1982) was a Unionist politician in Northern Ireland.

## Early life and career

Born in Belfast and educated locally, Cardwell worked as the manager of a coal importing firm. In 1952 he was elected to Belfast Corporation for Victoria Ward and later became an Alderman. During the 1960s Cardwell chaired the committee which was responsible for children's homes in the city. In 1969 he was elected to the Parliament of Northern Ireland for Belfast Pottinger as an 'O'Neill Unionist' supporting the reform proposals of the then Prime Minister. He remained a member until the Parliament was prorogued in 1972. In 1973 he was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for Belfast East, as a Unionist pledged to support the former Prime Minister Brian Faulkner. When the Ulster Unionist Party split in 1974, Cardwell became a founder member of the Unionist Party of Northern Ireland and was returned for Belfast East in the 1975 Constitutional Convention election.
He remained a member of Belfast City Council until his death, representing 'Area B' equivalent to the current Victoria area.
He was unmarried.

## Kincora Boys' Home abuse scandal

In March 1982, Cardwell was questioned by police in relation to his visits to Kincora Boys' Home, which had seen a child sex abuse scandal. The Hughes report into the scandal noted that Cardwell told the police of one conversation with the Belfast Town Clerk, who had mentioned an imprecise allegation of homosexual conduct (which at that time would have been illegal in Northern Ireland), but he said that no formal complaint had ever come his way. Shortly after the police interview Cardwell's body was found in a car in the garage of his home in Belfast, and he was found to have died of carbon monoxide poisoning; the coroner stated that the death was "inexplicable". Others regarded it as suicide.
The Hughes report concluded "There is no evidence that Councillor Cardwell took steps to prevent an investigation or suppress the matter." It mentioned that, as a member (and chairman) of the Welfare Committee, Cardwell had statutory visiting responsibilities in relation to homes.
The Josh Cardwell Centre, providing rehabilitation services in East Belfast, was named in his honour, but this closed in 2007. It burned down in a fire on May 9, 2017.
# Gabriel Victora

Gabriel D. Victora is an immunologist who is a recipient of the 2017 MacArthur Genius Grant for his research on the adaptive immune system and the processes by which it adjusts its reactions to infections. He is the Laurie and Peter Grauer Professor at Rockefeller University, where he heads the Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.

## Early life

Victora is the son of Cesar Victora, an epidemiologist and professor. He moved from Brazil to the United States when he was 17.

## Career

Victora earned a B.M. in 1998 and M.M. in 2000, both in piano, from the Mannes College of Music before changing the focus of his studies and earning a M.S. in immunology from the University of São Paulo. Victora earned his PhD in 2011 from New York University Medical School. From 2012 to 2016, he was a fellow at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2012, he earned the NIH Director's Early Independence Award for his work using two-photon microscopy to understand the changes over time of the level of diversity of antibodies in germinal centers. In 2018, he was given the NIH Director's Pioneer Award.
# Mount Baldwin (California)

Mount Baldwin is a 12,614-foot-elevation (3,845-meter) mountain summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Mono County of northern California, United States. It is situated in the John Muir Wilderness on land managed by Inyo National Forest. It is four miles north of Red and White Mountain, and approximately 10.5 miles (16.9 km) southeast of the community of Mammoth Lakes. The nearest higher neighbor is Red Slate Mountain, 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south-southwest. Baldwin ranks as the 257th highest summit in California. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises 3,775 feet (1,151 meters) above McGee Canyon in 1.5 mile. The first ascent of the summit was made July 2, 1928, by Norman Clyde, who is credited with 130 first ascents, most of which were in the Sierra Nevada.

## Climate

Mount Baldwin is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range (orographic lift). Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains east to Crowley Lake via McGee Creek, and west into Convict Creek, thence Convict Lake.

## Gallery

* Northwest aspect of Mount Baldwin (center) and White Fang (left)
* Summit in upper right corner, northwest aspect from Mildred Lake area
* Baldwin (left), Morrison (right) seen from the north on Benton Crossing Road in Long Valley
* Mount Baldwin (left, under cloud), Mount Morrison (right) seen from the north on Benton Crossing Road in Long Valley, California
* Baldwin behind left of Mount Morrison seen from the north
* Slope of Mount Morrison (left), Mount Baldwin centered, Red Slate Mountain (right) from Laurel Mountain.
# Serpentine Dominion

Serpentine Dominion is an American death metal supergroup consisting of Killswitch Engage lead guitarist Adam Dutkiewicz, Cannibal Corpse vocalist George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher and former The Black Dahlia Murder drummer Shannon Lucas. They released their debut album on October 28, 2016.

## History

The origins of Serpentine Dominion can be traced back to 2009's Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival, which Killswitch Engage, Cannibal Corpse and The Black Dahlia Murder were all part of. The project began when Dutkiewicz wrote songs for Fisher and asked him to perform vocals over them, which he agreed to. Dutkiewicz also stated that the songs were written specifically for Fisher. Shannon Lucas was tapped to record the drums for the album.
On July 22, 2016, the band announced that their name would be "Serpentine Dominion". On August 11, 2016, they revealed the release date and track listing for their self-titled debut, to be released under Metal Blade Records. Serpentine Dominion was officially released on October 28, 2016, and was met with positive reviews from both fans and critics.

## Musical style

Serpentine Dominion's sound has been described as death metal, and extreme metal, when asked about the project's musical style, Dutkiewicz said: "It's not straight death metal — there's some melodic elements in there — but it's much faster and more aggressive than Killswitch Engage is. And the drums are blazing, so Shannon is probably one of the only guys on the face of the earth who could pull this off."
The band's lyrics for their debut album were written by Killswitch Engage vocalist Jesse Leach. Fisher stated in "The Jasta Show": "I originally was going to write stuff, and you know what? Writing lyrics has just never been my thing, and we were getting down to when I was supposed to go up there and lay down my vocals. And Adam just said 'Look, I'll ask Jesse to write some stuff.' So he wrote it, and I just said I don't want no pro-religious crap 'cause I ain't about all that. Anyway, so it's more just about like getting revenge against corrupt motherfuckers and shit like that."

## Members

* Adam Dutkiewicz – guitar, bass, vocals
* George Fisher – vocals
* Shannon Lucas – drums

## Discography

* Serpentine Dominion (2016, Metal Blade Records)
# Grand Canyon Water Reclamation Plant

The Grand Canyon Water Reclamation Plant in Grand Canyon National Park was one of the first water reclamation plants in the United States, pioneering operating principles that are in use in modern facilities. It is located on the South Rim in Grand Canyon Village, the center of tourist development in the park.
The scarcity of water and the high demand for fresh water in the developed areas of the park encouraged the development of a system to treat wastewater so that it could be used for non-potable purposes such as flushing toilets, supplying steam locomotive boilers, irrigation and similar uses. The Grand Canyon water plant was completed in May 1926, producing water that was claimed to be potable (but never used for drinking) at a cost that was one-sixth of the cost for new water. The plant was expanded in 1934 to serve the Bright Angel Lodge.

## Description

The treatment plant consists of a set of bar-screen boxes, a sedimentation tank, three aeration tanks, two clarifiers, one secondary tank, two filters, an approximately 300,000-US-gallon (1,100,000 L) holding tank, and a water tank for backwashing filters. The mechanical systems are housed in a two-story frame structure on a concrete base that contains filters, aeration generators and the chlorination system, as well as an office, laboratory and shop.
The treatment process passed wastewater through the bar screen, which filtered out large solids, then to a measuring followed by a finer bar screen flume. Solids from the bar screens went to a sludge pond, while coarsely filtered water went to a pre-sedimentation tank, which separated grease and additional solids. An aeration stage allowed aerobic bacteria to work, followed by a pass through clarifier tanks. Filters used anthracite coal to give final clarity, followed by chlorination and storage. The plant operated with its original equipment until it closed. Most of the equipment is original.

## Historic designation

The historic land embraced in this site is a rectangle formed by using the aeration tanks as a center and extending lines 100 yards to the north, 200 yards to the east, 200 yards to the west, and 400 yards to the south. The treatment plant was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 1974.
# Manaitand

Manaitand is a locality within Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India.
It is a fully residential place surrounded by schools, colleges, markets with other commercial bodies. It is barely 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) from the Dhanbad railway station towards the Purana Bazar side. It has quite a number of water bodies surrounding it namely the Chath Talab (dedicated to the festival of Chath, famous in Bihar/Jharkhand), Singara talab, Dhobi bandh etc. It also houses the famous Pranjivan Academy high secondary school among other schools.
# Columbia Heights (Oregon)

Columbia Heights is a mountain in Umatilla County in the U.S. state of Oregon, near the city of Milton-Freewater. The summit is at an elevation of 1,322 feet (403 m).
# Mount Barrille

Mount Barrille is a 7,650 ft (2,330 m) mountain summit located in the Alaska Range, in Denali National Park and Preserve, in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated 2,650 feet above the Ruth Glacier at the gateway to the Don Sheldon Amphitheater, or The Great Gorge, depending on direction of travel. Barrille is set 11.43 mi (18 km) southeast of Denali, 3.37 mi (5 km) west of The Mooses Tooth, 3.68 mi (6 km) east of The Rooster Comb, and 1.42 mi (2 km) north of Mount Dickey which is the nearest higher peak. The mountain was named by famed explorer Dr. Frederick Cook for Edward Barrill (1861–1946), a horse packer from Darby, Montana, who was his sole companion during his 1906 claim to be the first to climb Denali. The claim was later disproved, and in 1909 Barrill signed an affidavit stating that they had not reached the summit. Cook referred to his companion as Barrille in his accounts of the expedition, and Barrille remains as the official spelling used by the United States Geological Survey.

## Climbing

Despite its relatively low elevation, Mt. Barrille is notable for its imposing east face with nearly 2,600 feet of vertical sheer granite. It is one of the more frequently climbed peaks in the Ruth Gorge owing in part to its proximity to the air taxi landing area and the Sheldon Chalet immediately west of the peak. There are several climbing routes with different ranges of technical difficulty. The Japanese Couloir is a moderate, Alaska grade III route featuring steep 55-70 degree angle snow and ice. The first ascent of this route was made in 1976 by Teruaki Segawa, Kensei Suga, Masayuki Suemasa, and Eiji Tsai.
Another popular route to the summit is the Cobra Pillar, a direct line up the central pillar of the east face. Named for its resemblance to a cobra from certain angles, this route is rated YDS 5.11. The first ascent of this route was made by Jim Donini and Jack Tackle over six days in June 1991. The first one-day speed ascent of the route was made in June 2004 by Joe Puryear and Chris McNamara.
The Baked Alaskan route is on the east face and is rated 5.10+. The first ascent was made by Brian Teale and Scott Thelen in July 2001.
The west aspect of the mountain is covered by glacial ice and gentle enough to be descended by skiing.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Barrille is located in a Tundra climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems are forced upwards by the Alaska Range (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing and climbing.

## Gallery

* Mt. Barrille (front) with Mt. Dickey behind, as seen from the north at Don Sheldon Amphitheater (formerly Ruth Amphitheater)
* Ruth Glacier, Mt. Dickey, and Mt. Barrille (bottom)
* Mount Barrille as it appears in Frederick Cook's book "To the Top of the Continent" (1908)
* Edward Barrill circa 1908
* Cook's hoax photo of Ed Barrill atop a peak claimed to be Mt. McKinley
# Ōgawara, Miyagi

Ōgawara (大河原町, Ōgawara-machi) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2020, the town had an estimated population of 23,618, and a population density of 950persons per km² in 9,925 households. The total area of the town is 24.99 square kilometres (9.65 sq mi).

## Geography

Ōgawara is located in south-central Miyagi Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The Shiroishi River runs through the town.

### Neighboring municipalities

Miyagi Prefecture
* Kakuda
* Murata
* Shibata
* Shiroishi
* Zaō

### Climate

Ōgawara has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Ōgawara is 12.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1272 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around 1.4 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Ōgawara has steadily increased over the past 60 years.

## History

The area of present-day Ōgawara was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and was part of the holdings of Sendai Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. The town of Ōgawara was established on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the post-Meiji restoration modern municipalities system. The town annexed the neighboring village of Kanegase on September 30, 1955. However, an effort to merge Ōgawara with the neighboring towns of Shibata and Murata in 2002 was rejected by the town assembly in 2004.

## Government

Ōgawara has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 15 members. Ōgawara, collectively with the other municipalities in Shibata District contributes two seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Miyagi 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The economy of Ōgawara is largely based on agriculture.

## Education

Ōgawara has three public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government, and two public high schools operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

## Transportation
### Railway

East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Tōhoku Main Line
* Ōgawara

### Highway

* Tōhoku Expressway
* National Route 4
# Shizunai Station

Shizunai Station (静内駅, Shizunai-eki) is a railway station on the Hidaka Main Line in Shinhidaka, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).
Services on the 116 km section of the line between Mukawa and Samani have been suspended indefinitely since January 2015 due to storm damage.

## History

The station opened on 7 December 1926. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Hokkaido.
# Martin Addy

Martin Addy is emeritus professor of dentistry at the University of Bristol, where he established the clinical trials unit and the research laboratories, and where his research has focussed on oral hygiene products, tooth wear and hypersensitivity of teeth. He has been campaigning to improve oral hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Selected publications

* Addy, Martin; Edgar, W. Michael; Embery, Graham; Orchardson, Robin (2000). Tooth Wear and Sensitivity: Clinical Advances in Restorative Dentistry. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-85317-826-9.
# Dalin Refinery

The Dalin Refinery (traditional Chinese: 大林煉油廠; simplified Chinese: 大林炼油厂; pinyin: Dàlín Liànyóu Chǎng) is an oil refinery in Xiaogang District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

## History

The refinery became operationally independent from Kaohsiung Refinery in 1996. In 2009, a gasoline pyrolysis and hydro-desulfurization unit was constructed at the refinery with a capacity of 20,000 barrels per day. In 2010, a diesel hydro-desulfurization unit was constructed with a capacity of 40,000 barrels per day. In 2011, an 18,000 barrels per day gasoline pyrolysis and quality improvement unit was moved from Kaohsiung Refinery to the Dalin plant. In 2013, the residual fluid catalytic cracking unit which was constructed in 2006 began its testing and production. Also in the same year, an alkylation unit with a capacity of 14,000 barrels per day was established at the plant.

## Architecture

The refinery spans over an area of 500 hectares.

## Accidents and incidents

* 10 March 2018, an explosion hit the plant causing part of its production being suspended.
# Cone Peak

Cone Peak is the second highest mountain in the Santa Lucia Range in the Ventana Wilderness of the Los Padres National Forest. It rises nearly a vertical mile only 3 miles (4.8 km) from the coast as the crow flies. This is one of the steepest gradients from ocean to summit in the contiguous United States. The average gradient from sea level to summit is around 33%, which is steeper than the average gradient from Owens Valley to the summit of Mount Whitney. Near the mountain summit, the oak woodland and chaparral transitions to a pine forest with a few rare Santa Lucia Firs. Junipero Serra Peak at 5,865 feet (1,788 m) is the highest peak in the coastal region.
The peak is accessible by driving the Nacimiento-Fergusson Road and then turning north 6 miles (9.7 km) on Forest Route 22S05. The very rough Coast Ridge Road rises to 3,800 feet (1,200 m). The peak is a popular hiking destination. From that point the summit is 2.25 miles (3.62 km) hike along the Cone Peak Trail (4E12). There are two trails from the coast to the summit of Cone Peak: via the Stone Ridge/Gamboa Trail or the Vicente Flat Trail.
The peak is topped by the decommissioned Cone Peak Lookout built in 1923. The original 13 by 13 feet (4.0 by 4.0 m) wooden-sided ground-level cab house was built on a rock foundation. It originally had a hipped "dunce cap" roof, and was called a "California Lookout" design. The building was hauled in pieces by mules up the steep and narrow 2 miles (3.2 km) trail. During World War II, it was the site of an Aircraft Warning Service observation post.
In 1959. the U.S. Forest Service replaced the hipped roof with a flat roof that could be used to land a Bell-47 helicopter. The wood siding was replaced with metal which protected the structure from fire and vandalism. The lookout was last staffed in 1990. As of 2018, the building houses radio repeater equipment and cannot be easily reactivated for use as a fire tower once again.
The lookout atop Cone Peak was one of six active fire lookouts in the Monterey Ranger District of the Los Padres National Forest. The others were located on Chews Ridge, Ventana Double Cone, Junipero Serra Peak, Pinyon Peak, and Three Peaks.
The mountain slopes contain an old-growth Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) forest along with many colonies of Santa Lucia fir (Bristlecone fir, Abies bracteata), one of the rarest and most endemic fir in North America, and according to some, the world. Cone Peak was visited by notable botanists David Douglas in March 1831, Thomas Coulter in 1832 or 1833, Karl Theodor Hartweg in September 1847, and William Lobb in 1849.
# Mount Bielawski

Mount Bielawski or Mount Bielewski (with an e instead of an a) is located in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California, near the San Francisco Bay Area. The mountain reaches an elevation of 3,234 feet (986 m) just to the southwest of the Santa Cruz – Santa Clara county line and Highway 35. It is the highest point in Santa Cruz County. The summit is thickly wooded so offers no views. Snow falls on the mountain some winters.
The mountain is named for Casimir Bielawski who was a chief draughtsman of the Surveyor General's office. It has, also, been called Mount McPherson. Duncan Mc Pherson owned 50 acres (20 ha) at the top of the mountain in the 1930s and 1940s.
# Zoomorphic architecture

Zoomorphic architecture is the practice of using animal forms as the inspirational basis and blueprint for architectural design. "While animal forms have always played a role adding some of the deepest layers of meaning in architecture, it is now becoming evident that a new strand of biomorphism is emerging where the meaning derives not from any specific representation but from a more general allusion to biological processes."
The practice is said by some to be a reaction against some of the modern schools of architecture, such as Modernism and their apparent opposition to nature and organic form. Commenting on the movement away from these rigid and artificial design trends, Susannah Hagan, in her book Taking Shape, has this to say: "The oppositions between culture and nature, so importantly and brutally drawn up by modernism, are dissolving again, not in a return to what was, but a transformation of it...The division between the living organism and the machine continues to collapse."
Zoomorphic architecture is sometimes used in contemporary Native American architecture to reflect animals prominent in Indigenous cosmology, such as The Turtle, also known as the Native American Center for the Living Arts, in Niagara Falls, New York.

## Famous works

Some well-known examples of zoomorphic architecture can be found in the TWA Flight Center building in New York City, by Eero Saarinen, or the Milwaukee Art Museum by Santiago Calatrava, both inspired by the form of a bird's wings. The Oriental Village by the Sea by Basil Al Bayati which "is based upon Oriental building types arranged in a plan originating in patterns of insect and plant life. The exoskeleton of a dragonfly forms the main body of the building's layout, its triangular mouth of stairs on the waterfront leading to the creature's circular head of the entrance lobby. The insect's long segmented yellow body is the central corridor, dome-lit, which intertwines with a branch of a tree, its stem a road and its leaves the roofs of condominiums and leisure facilities. The colourful berries are cone-topped villas intended to be reminiscent of Chinese temples."

## Architects who have used zoomorphism in their work

* Basil Al Bayati
* Le Corbusier
* Eero Saarinen
* Fariborz Sahba
* Santiago Calatrava