OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William of Malines

William of Malines (or William of Messines) (died 1145/6) was a Flemish priest who was the prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from 1127 to 1130 and was then Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from 1130 until his death. He is sometimes called William I to distinguish him from William of Agen, second patriarch of that name, but he was the second William to serve as prior of the Holy Sepulchre after William the Englishman.
William of Tyre described William of Mesines as a man of "praiseworthy habits". As patriarch, he was an important supporter of Queen Melisende and is described as a man capable yet pliable. He received a letter from Bernard of Clairvaux urging him to support the Knights Templar, who had received their papal privileges at the same time as William's embassy to Rome. William took the initiative in constructing a castle, the "Castrum Arnaldi" (or Chastel Arnoul) at Yalo, to guard the road between Jerusalem and Jaffa in 1132–33, along with some citizens. It was later a Templar stronghold. William was on good terms with his successor Peter and in 1134 he gave the canons of the Holy Sepulchre the charge of the shrine of the Mount of Temptation who agreed to found a daughter house there. He also sanctioned the formation of a confraternity between the four communities of Augustinian canons in Jerusalem (those of the Holy Sepulchre, the Templum Domini, the Mount of Olives and Mt Zion) at some point between 1130 and 1136.
In 1139 Patriarch William was displeased by the actions of the archbishop of Tyre, Fulcher of Angoulême, who travelled to Rome to receive his pallium from Pope Honorius II and protest the division of his archdiocese into two ecclesiastical territories: the northern suffragans were under the authority of the Latin patriarch of Antioch and only the southern sees remained under Fulcher's control. Perhaps fearing that Fulcher would try to remove his entire archdiocese to the Principality of Antioch (so that he might exercise control over it all as archbishop), William took direct control over the southern sees of Tyre in Fulcher's absence, for William would not allow the archbishop of Tyre, whose archdiocese lay within the boundaries of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and his patriarchate, to become the subject of another.
In April 1141 the papal legate Alberic of Ostia arrived together with the Armenian Catholicos Gregory III and convened a legatine council in the Templum Domini. Here the question over the jurisdiction was settled and the claim of Antioch's patriarch Ralph of Domfront to the diocese of Tyre rejected.
# Ai Moritaka

Ai Moritaka (森高 愛, Moritaka Ai, born January 14, 1998, in Saitama Prefecture) is a Japanese actress and model affiliated with the Ten Carat talent agency. She is best known for her role as Kagura (ToQ 5gou) in the 2014 Super Sentai series Ressha Sentai ToQger.

## Career

Moritaka started modeling while still at elementary school. She was an exclusive model for the teenage fashion magazine Love Berry from 2011, and for Pichi Lemon from 2012.
She began her acting career in the 2012 TBS drama Beginners!. She then starred in the NHK drama Gekiryu: Watashi o Oboete Imasu ka? as the female protagonist's young counterpart, before being cast as Kagura Izumi/ToQ 5gou in Ressha Sentai ToQger in 2014. In 2019, she would reprise her role for Super Sentai Strongest Battle.

## Filmography
### TV series

* Beginners! (TBS / 2012), Manatsu Shimura
* Gekiryu: Watashi o Oboete Imasu ka? (NHK / 2013), Keiko (Misumi) Inoue (teenage years)
* Ressha Sentai ToQger (TV Asahi / 2014), Kagura
* Tantei No Tantei (TV Fuji/2015)

### Films

* Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger vs. Go-Busters: The Great Dinosaur Battle! Farewell Our Eternal Friends (2014), ToQ 5gou (voice)
* Heisei Rider vs. Shōwa Rider: Kamen Rider Taisen feat. Super Sentai (2014), Kagura
* Ressha Sentai ToQger the Movie: Galaxy Line S.O.S. (2014), Kagura
* Ani ni Aisaresugite Komattemasu (2017), Miyu
# 440

Year 440 (CDXL) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valentinianus and Anatolius (or, less frequently, year 1193 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 440 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), returns as triumphator back to Rome, after several years' fighting the Burgundians and Visigoths in Gaul. He is honoured by a statue erected by the Senate, and by order of Emperor Valentinian III.
* The Huns under Attila reappear in force, along the frontier of the Western Roman Empire. They attack merchants on the north bank of the Danube and cities in Illyricum, including (according to Priscus) Viminacium, city of Moesia.

#### Africa

* A Vandal fleet and their allies (Alans, Goths and Moors) set out from Carthage for Sicily, the principal supplier of oil and grain to Italy after the loss of North Africa. They loot all the coastal towns and besiege Palermo. Heavily laden ships return to the court of King Genseric.

#### Asia

* Northern and Southern dynasties: Northern China is unified by the Northern Wei dynasty. The South is still under the control of the Song (or Liu Song) dynasty.
* A center of Buddhist studies is established at Nalanda in Bihar on the plains of the Ganges River (India).

#### Persia

* The Hephthalites (White Huns) move south from the Altai Mountains region into Transoxiana, Bactria, Khorasan and eastern Persia.

### By topic
#### Art

* The Parting of Lot and Abraham, mosaic in the nave arcade, Church of Santa Maria Maggiore (Rome), is made.

#### Ancient Games

* Chaturanga, Indian war game and an ancestor of chess through the Persian game of Shatranj (or Chatrang), evolves in the Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent (approximate date).

#### Religion

* August 18 – Pope Sixtus III dies after an 8-year reign in which he has resisted heresy and sponsored major construction programs in Rome. He is succeeded by Leo I as the 45th pope.
* September 29 – Leo I begins to formulate Orthodoxy and condemns Eutychianism, an extreme form of monophysitism which holds that the human nature of Christ is absorbed by His divine nature.
* Winter – Leo I sends a letter to Valentinian III stating, "by the Holy Spirit's inspiration the emperor needs no human instruction and is incapable of doctrinal error".

## Births

* Bodhidharma, semi-legendary Buddhist monk (approximate date)
* Euric, Visigothic king and son of Theodoric I (d. 484)
* Gaudentius, son of Flavius Aetius (approximate date)
* Qi Wudi, Chinese emperor of the Southern Qi dynasty (d. 493)
* Tonantius Ferreolus, Gallo-Roman senator and prefect of Gaul
* Vakhtang I, king of Iberia (modern Georgia) (approximate date)
* Wen Cheng Di, emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty (d. 465)

## Deaths

* February 17 – Mesrob, Armenian monk and linguist (b. 362)
* August 18 – Pope Sixtus III (b. 390)
* Amalgaid mac Fiachrae, king of Connacht (Ireland)
* Yuan Qigui, empress and wife of Wen of Liu Song (b. 405)
# Russell Searle

Russell Searle (13 January 1912 – 31 December 1964) was a South African cricketer. He played in twenty-five first-class matches between 1930/31 and 1950/51.
# Tommy Brown (footballer, born 1897)

Thomas E. Brown (27 March 1897 – ?) was an English professional footballer who played as a half-back in the Football League for Bradford Park Avenue and in non-League football for Rotherham Town.
# Cobb Peak (Utah)

Cobb Peak is a 7,021-foot elevation (2,140 m) mountain summit located in Tooele County, Utah, United States.

## Description

Cobb Peak is the fourth-highest summit in the Silver Island Mountains which are a subset of the Great Basin Ranges. It is set on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The Bonneville Speedway is 12 miles to the southwest and line parent Graham Peak is three miles to the west. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,800 feet (850 meters) above the Bonneville Salt Flats in two miles. This landform's toponym was officially adopted in 1960 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to honor John Cobb (1899–1952), an English racing driver who set three land speed records at the Bonneville Salt Flats, including a record 394 MPH on September 16, 1947.

## Climate

Cobb Peak is set in the Great Salt Lake Desert which has hot summers and cold winters. The desert is an example of a cold desert climate as the desert's elevation makes temperatures cooler than lower elevation deserts. Due to the high elevation and aridity, temperatures drop sharply after sunset. Summer nights are comfortably cool. Winter highs are generally above freezing, and winter nights are bitterly cold, with temperatures often dropping well below freezing.

## Gallery

* Jenkins Peak (left), Graham Peak (center), and Cobb Peak to the right.
* John Cobb
# Oil Kumar

Benakanahalli Alappa Shivakumar (1951 – 20 November 1990) (a.k.a. Boot House Kumar, Oil Kumar), was a ganglord and organized crime boss who headed the Bangalore underworld in the 1980s along with other notable figures such as M. P. Jayaraj and Kotwal Ramachandra. Activities include racketeering, substantial control of city's oil supply, labour unions, film distribution through his company SK Pictures in Gandhinagar, money laundering, monopolistic contract bidding and large-scale manipulation of state bureaucracy and politics. He was killed on 20 November 1990.

## Professional life

He was known to be a brilliant strategist who did not condone violence and even made sure that no bloodshed took place during his reign. His charm, convincing ability and tactical skill saw him rise through the ranks and he became the Don of Bangalore between 1988 and 1990. He was a visionary who saw great potential in the city and wanted to establish himself as a businessman and saw his life as only a means to that end. Though most of his activities, his inner circle and intentions were shrouded in secrecy, he is alleged to have created a nascent network stretching from Sri Lanka to the Middle East and Russia etc.
His expenditure was said to be close to ₹1 crore a month and revenue generation capacity of ₹3 crore per month in 1989.
During his last days he was said to be making inroads into the field of real estate and made large-scale investments in land around Bangalore city. Muttappa Rai well planned and killed Oil Kumar. He died on 20 November 1990.
# M. A. W. Shockley

Major Augustus Wroten Shockley (1874–1956) was a U.S. Army medical corps officer. He was a veteran of the Philippine–American War, and retired as a brigadier general.

## Biography

M. A. W. Shockley was born in Fort Scott, Kansas on May 13, 1874. His father, William B. Shockley, was a surgeon for the Army of the Cumberland, United States Volunteers, during the American Civil War.
M. A. W. Shockley graduated from Kansas City Medical College in 1898.
He died at MacDill Air Force Base Hospital near Tampa on May 10, 1956.

## Military career appointments

* Havana, Cuba, 1899, during this assignment he treated soldiers with yellow fever
* Philippine–American War, 1909
* Division of Militia Affairs, departed in August 1919
* Fort Leavenworth, arrived in 1919, Head of the Medical Department at the Army Service School
* Camp Knox, departed in September 1922
* William Beaumont Army Medical Center, appointed commander in September 1922
* Assistant Surgeon General of the Army, appointed in 1925, promoted to brigadier general in 1925
* Carlisle Barracks, retired from this position on 1 October 1936, commander, brigadier general
M. A. W. Shockley was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
# Kawaraguchi Mihagino Station

Kawaraguchi Mihagino Station (香春口三萩野駅, Kawaraguchi Mihagino-eki) is a Kitakyushu monorail station in Kokura Kita ward, Kitakyushu, Japan.

## History

The station opened on 9 January 1985, coinciding with the opening of the Kitakyushu Monorail.

## Station layout

The elevated station has two side platforms with two tracks.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Kitakyushu Monorail | Kikugaoka |
| 2 | ■ Kitakyushu Monorail | Kokura |
# Federation of European Motorcyclists

The Federation of European Motorcyclists (FEM) was a motorcycling advocacy group based in Brussels, Belgium. It was formed in 1988 by representatives of various national motorcyclists' representative organizations at a meeting in Strasbourg This meeting followed the "Eurodemo" of that year, a major demonstration by motorcyclists protesting against what they perceived to be anti-biker European legislation.
The FEM's first General Secretary was the Briton Frank Pearson who served in the role until 1992. He was succeeded by another Briton, Simon Milward. On January 10, 1998, the FEM merged with the European Motorcyclists' Association to form the Federation of European Motorcyclists Associations.
# Iconella

Iconella is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are about 38 described species in Iconella, found throughout most of the world.

## Species

These 38 species belong to the genus Iconella:
* Iconella aeolus (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella albinervis (Tobias, 1964)
* Iconella alfalfae (Nixon, 1960)
* Iconella andydeansi Fernández-Triana, 2013
* Iconella argante (Nixon, 1976)
* Iconella assabensis (Shenefelt, 1972)
* Iconella cajani (Wilkinson, 1928)
* Iconella canadensis Fernández-Triana, 2013
* Iconella compressiabdominis (You & Tong, 1991)
* Iconella detrectans (Wilkinson, 1928)
* Iconella etiellae (Viereck, 1911)
* Iconella fedtschenkoi (Kotenko, 1986)
* Iconella inula Papp, 2012
* Iconella isolata (Muesebeck, 1955)
* Iconella isus (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella jason (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella jayjayrodriguezae Fernández-Triana, 2013
* Iconella lacteoides (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella lynceus (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella masallensis (Abdinbekova, 1969)
* Iconella memorata Kotenko, 2007
* Iconella mera (Kotenko, 1992)
* Iconella merata (Kotenko, 1981)
* Iconella merula (Reinhard, 1880)
* Iconella meruloides (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella mongashtensis Zargar & Gupta, 2019
* Iconella myeloenta (Wilkinson, 1937)
* Iconella nagyi (Papp, 1975)
* Iconella oppugnator (Papp, 1974)
* Iconella pyrene (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella rudolphae (Kotenko, 1986)
* Iconella similus Zargar & Gupta, 2019
* Iconella subcamilla (Tobias, 1976)
* Iconella tedanius (Nixon, 1965)
* Iconella turanica (Telenga, 1955)
* Iconella valiko Kotenko, 2007
* Iconella verae (Tobias, 1976)
* Iconella vindicius (Nixon, 1965)
# Christopher Tarnovsky

Christopher Tarnovsky (born 20 April 1971, Nyack, New York) is an integrated circuit (IC) reverse engineer and hacker.

## Career

In the 1990s, Tarnovsky was a soldier in the United States army in the field of intelligence, security and cryptography. From 1997 to 2007, Tarnovsky worked for NDS developing copy protection technology. He then started his own company, Flylogic, which he sold to IOActive in 2012. Until 2014 Tarnovsky was vice president of semiconductor services at IOActive. Tarnovsky has a diagnosis of ADHD, which gives him the ability to "hyper-focus" on projects for hours at a time.
In 2001, DirecTV, a client of NDS, a company majority owned by Rupert Murdoch's Newscorp, demanded Tarnovsky be kept away from their systems. Plaintiffs DirecTV, Dish Network and Nagrastar alleged Tarnovsky was hacking the protections they placed on their set-top box smart cards which were used to lock transmission from customers who defaulted.
In 2002, Canal Plus, a French premium cable television commenced a civil action against NDS and Tarnovsky. Tarnovsky was alleged to have extracted the source code of a SECA card and then on 26 March 1999 uploaded it to a file sharing website. A jury later largely cleared NDS and Tarnovsky.
In 2007, Tarnovsky was dismissed from NDS for copyright infringement while in their employ. Tarnovsky denies this accusation.
In 2008, Tarnovsky hacked a Trusted Platform Module, a type of chip used in the Xbox 360 for example, after nine months of study.
In 2010, at a Black Hat Washington DC conference, Tarnovsky described how he had used acid, an electron microscope and small conductive needles to hack the Infineon SLE66 CL PE chip.
# John Robert Holland

John Robert Holland is an American lawyer.

## Legal career

Holland is notable for taking on pro bono civil rights and human rights cases.
Holland took on civil rights cases early in his career. His daughter and partner, Anna Cayton-Holland convinced him to return to human rights work, and their practice took on four Guantanamo captives.

### Early career

While a law student at UCLA Holland interned with the Zuni Legal Aid Society in New Mexico.
Upon graduation he received a Reginald Heber Smith Community Lawyer Fellowship, which allowed him to work for three years for the Denver Legal Aid Society. After his fellowship expired he continued to work for the Denver Legal Aid Society, until he entered private practice Archived 2016-05-23 at the Portuguese Web Archive in 1979.

### Private practice

One area Holland specialized in has been the legal issues around nursing homes. He has written and lectured on this topic.

### Human rights cases

Holland has a long history of taking on human rights cases.

### Guantanamo captives

Mohammed Al Amin, a Mauritanian youth, who was seventeen years old when he was captured, was released on September 26, 2007.
Holland has visited the Guantanamo Bay detention camps four times.
Commenting on the difficulties of aiding Guantanamo captives Holland said:
   Even after almost four years, we're still working on trust, And honestly, why should they trust us? ... Why do they even need a lawyer? What's the use? What good is a lawyer when there is no true legal system for them?
# Coronado Butte

Coronado Butte is a 7,162-foot (2,183 m)-elevation summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of Arizona, United States. It is situated one mile (1.6 km) west of the Moran Point overlook on the canyon's South Rim, and one mile northeast of Sinking Ship, its nearest higher neighbor. Topographic relief is significant as this butte rises 4,600 feet (1,400 m) above the Colorado River in 2.5 miles (4.0 km). Coronado Butte is named for Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (1510–1554), the explorer whose 1540 expedition was the first European sighting of the Grand Canyon, among other landmarks. This geographical feature's name was officially adopted in 1906 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The first ascent was made by John Hance and tourist prior to 1900, in the 1890s. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Coronado Butte is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone.

## Geology

The summit of Coronado Butte is composed of cream-colored, cliff-forming, Permian Coconino Sandstone with a Kaibab Limestone caprock. The sandstone, which is the third-youngest of the strata in the Grand Canyon, was deposited 265 million years ago as sand dunes. Below the Coconino Sandstone is slope-forming, Permian Hermit Formation, which in turn overlays the Pennsylvanian-Permian Supai Group. Further down are strata of Mississippian Redwall Limestone, and Cambrian Tonto Group. Precipitation runoff from Coronado Butte drains north into the nearby Colorado River.

## Gallery

* South aspect
* Coronado Butte centered, with parent Sinking Ship to left
* Viewed from near the Buggeln picnic area
* Coronado Butte from Moran Point
* Sunset on Coronado Butte
* East aspect, from Moran Point
# Dromedary Peak

Dromedary Peak is an 11,107-foot-elevation (3,385-meter) mountain summit located in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States.

## Description

Dromedary Peak is located 15 miles (24 km) southeast of downtown Salt Lake City in the Twin Peaks Wilderness on land managed by Wasatch–Cache National Forest. The peak is set in the Wasatch Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's south slope drains to Little Cottonwood Creek, whereas the north slope drains to Big Cottonwood Creek, and both creeks flow west to the Jordan River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,800 feet (1,158 meters) above Little Cottonwood Canyon in 1.5 mile (2.4 km). This mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The descriptive name is because the peak's shape resembles a dromedary camel when viewed from a certain angle.
# Fast Folk

Fast Folk Musical Magazine (originally known as The CooP) was a combination magazine and record album published from February 1982 to 1997. The magazine acted as a songwriter/performer cooperative, and was an outlet for singer-songwriters to release their first recordings.

## History

In December 1977, singer-songwriter Carolyne Mas started a songwriter's night at The Cornelia Street Cafe in Greenwich Village, New York, after a less formal group started by singer-songwriter/Greenwich Village legend Jack Hardy lost its spot at a local tavern called The English Pub. The group, which included artists like Jack Hardy, Carolyne Mas, David Massengill, Tom Intondi, Cliff Eberhardt, Michael Fracasso, Matthias Clark, Jeff Gold, and Rod MacDonald, gave writers a chance to perform for their peers, work on songs in front of an audience, and receive feedback from fellow songwriters. This group, sans some members, and with some new members added, eventually became known as the Songwriter's Exchange, recording an album on Stash Records which was released in 1980. The album was made possible due to the efforts of Robin Hirsch, one of the owners of The Cornelia Street Cafe, who single-handedly had turned the increasingly popular café into a hotbed of artists, musicians, poets, and writers. The Greenwich Village music scene was also booming at the time, receiving much media attention from major newspapers like The New York Times, which also helped fuel the popularity of the New York singer-songwriter scene in general. The Songwriter's Exchange eventually evolved, and under the guidance of Jack Hardy, the group formed a cooperative and took over the booking of Greenwich Village's SpeakEasy in 1981. The CooP, which was launched in February 1982, was later renamed Fast Folk, and gained status as a non-profit organization.
The organization formed at a time when the cost of recording equipment and packaging of vinyl LPs were prohibitively expensive for the independent artist. The organization managed to document serious, non-commercial songwriting first in the form of vinyl LPs and later as CDs. Although many of the writers were active in the Greenwich Village scene, the magazine included artists from across the United States and some international artists. Some of the included writers went on to commercial success, and some became influences in newly formed musical genres such as alternative country and anti-folk.
Alumni who recorded first for Fast Folk include Grammy Award-winners Lyle Lovett, Suzanne Vega, Julie Gold, Tracy Chapman and Shawn Colvin, as well as John Gorka, Michelle Shocked, Suzy Bogguss, Rod MacDonald, Christine Lavin, Richard Shindell, Marilyn Jaye Lewis and Lucy Kaplansky of Cry Cry Cry. Over 600 writers and 2000 songs were documented.

## Smithsonian Folkways Recordings

Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, now maintains an archive of Fast Folk which includes the master recording tapes, magazines and paper records of the organization.
They also released a compilation album titled Fast Folk: A Community of Singers & Songwriters.