OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elizabeth Medal of Honour

The Elizabeth Medal of Honour (EMH) is awarded to British non-horticulturalists and international horticultural and non-horticulturalists whose work has had a significant impact on the advancement of science, art or practice of horticulture.
The award was established in 2023 to celebrate "both Her Majesty's glorious reign and the work she did to raise the profile of UK horticulture both nationally and internationally through her visits to RHS Chelsea Flower Show and wider work." The Royal Horticultural Society's rules state that only seventy individuals can hold the EMH at any given time, in commemoration of the seventy years of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. Therefore, the honour may not be awarded every year, but may be made to multiple recipients in other years.
The Elizabeth Medal of Honour will join the Victoria Medal of Honour, which was established in 1897 with the consent of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, to enable the RHS Council to give the highest possible honour and recognition to Bristish horticulturalists by the Society. In recognition of the duration of Queen Victoria's reign only 63 medals may be held at any one time.

## Awards
### 2023

* Janet Fookes, Baroness Fookes
* Piet Oudolf
* Judy Ling Wong

### 2024

* Rosie Atkins
* Olivia Chapple OBE
* Charles Dowding
* George Plumptre
* Charles 'Chipper' Rice Wichman
# Kenichi Hirose

Kenichi Hirose (広瀬 健一, Okazaki Kazuki, June 12, 1964 – July 26, 2018) was a member of the Japanese doomsday-cult group Aum Shinrikyo who was convicted and executed for murder during the Tokyo subway sarin attack.

## Early life

Born in 1964, Hirose was an outstanding student in his early years. In 1983, Hirose was admitted by Waseda University and chose applied physics as his major. In 1987, Hirose graduated from Waseda University as the best student in his grade and entered the Graduate School of Waseda University with a research topic on high-temperature superconductivity. Working with his supervisor, he published a paper in July 1987. His supervisor said Hirose was a gifted scientist. At the same time, Hirose began to wonder if the knowledge he learned in the university could help the society.

## Joining Aum Shinrikyo and leading secret assault rifle production

In 1988, Hirose read books written by Shoko Asahara by accident. He was attracted by Asahara and began to correspond with Asahara. Per Asahara's request, in 1989, after graduating from graduate school and getting his master's degree, Hirose declined a job offered by NEC and joined Aum Shinrikyo, becoming an important person in this group. In the early 1990s, he produced around 1,000 assault rifles based on the AK-74. It's reported that Hirose once went to Russia to test assault rifles produced by him.

## Tokyo subway gas attack, arrest, trial and execution

In 1995, Hirose took part in the Tokyo subway sarin attack. He was assigned to release the sarin in the train A777 on Marunouchi Line. Hirose was arrested in the same year. In 2000, he was sentenced to death. In 2006, his appeal was dismissed. On July 26, 2018, Hirose was executed by hanging in the Tokyo Detention House.
# Acadia Pharmaceuticals

Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Sorrento Valley, San Diego, California.

## Product development

Nuplazid, a drug developed by Acadia in the late 1990s, "was designed to stimulate a subset of the brain’s serotonin receptors, or the proteins that govern memory, cognition and learning." On April 29, 2016, the FDA approved Acadia's drug, Nuplazid, for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. Nuplazid is the trade name for Acadia's proprietary molecule, pimavanserin, a selective serotonin inverse agonist preferentially targeting 5-HT2a receptors. Acadia had partnered with Biovail in the late-stage clinical testing of the drug, which showed trial failures as of 2009.
Acadia is running multiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials with pimavanserin in several central nervous system conditions: dementia-related psychosis, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia inadequate response, and schizophrenia negative symptoms.
As of 1997, Acadia was among several companies that licensed compounds from Genzyme's small-molecule compound library.
In 2023, the FDA approved trofinetide (marketed as Daybue) for use in Rett syndrome.

## History

Acadia started in 1993 as Receptor Technologies, based in Winooski, Vermont. In 1997, the company relocated all operations and management from Vermont to San Diego, California as a strategic move to garner partnerships with other biotechnology companies. However, the company also had an office in Denmark, in which it received a crucial part of its early investments from BankInvest, under managing director Florian Schönharting, Kommunernes Pensionsforsikring A/S and Dansk Kapitalanlæg Aktieselskab as well as private investor Lars Christiansen. At the time, the company had fifty employees, fourteen of whom were in the Denmark office. The focus of the company in its early years was on genetic screens for receptors, aiming to accelerate early stage drug discovery.
The company planned to conduct an Initial public offering (IPO) consisting of 31.6% of the company in 2001, with the intention of raising US$64 million and listing on the NASDAQ exchange under the symbol ACAD. At the time, Acadia and Allergan were collaborating on development of a treatment for glaucoma, and Allergan would retain a 6.3% ownership stake in Acadia after the IPO. However, the company's IPO, which ultimately took place in May 2004, did not fare as well as expected and netted only US$35 million. At the time, the company had five drugs in development and was running two in human trials. The company had a subsequent round of stock offering in May 2007 which raised US$102 million.
In September 2020, Acadia Pharmaceuticals acquired clinical-stage biotechnology company CerSci Therapeutics.

### Corporate governance

In 2001, the company's chief executive officer at the time, Leonard R. Borrmann, left Acadia to lead Maret Pharmaceuticals. He was succeeded by Uli Hacksell, who left Acadia to lead Cerecor at the beginning of 2016.
# Chirakkal Kalidasan

Chirakkal Kalidasan (born c. 1980) is an Asian elephant. He is the third tallest elephant in India. He is famous for his huge fan base and had a major role in the 2017 epic film, Baahubali 2: The Conclusion. He is also known as Gajaraja Bahubali.
Chirakkal Kalidasan stands at 308 cm (10 ft 1+1⁄2 in), making him the third tallest captive elephant in the state after Thechikottukavu Ramachandran and Thrikkadavoor Sivaraju. He is also known for having won in Thalappokkam (heads-up) competitions.

## Early life

Kalidasan was born wild in the Karnataka forests. He was brought to Kerala by Manissey Hari and was later bought by Chirakkal Madhu in the 2000s.

## Recognition

Kalidasan is a star elephant in Malayalam cinema.

### Movies

Kalidasan is known for acting in movies, notably in the 2017 epic film, Baahubali 2: The Conclusion. He has also acted in the movies Pattabhishekham, Punyalan Agarbattis and Dil Se...

### Video album

In 2018, he acted in a musical video called "Gajam", sung by Vijay Yesudas.

### Others

In 2020, he became a part of the promo video by Indian Super League club Kerala Blasters.
In the early 2010s, he was given the name Junior Thechikkot by elephant lovers.
Kalidasan is also known for taking part in photoshoots with actors and models.
# Hyena (disambiguation)

A hyena is any animal in a genus of the family Hyaenidae.
* Hyaena is the genus of the striped hyena.
* Hyæna is a 1984 album by Siouxsie and the Banshees.
* HYENA, or Andreas Söderlund, is a Swedish songwriter
Hyena, Hyaena, Hyenas, The Hyena, or The Hyenas may also refer to:

## Media
### Literature

* "The Hyena" (short story), 1962 short story by Paul Bowles
* "The Hyena", 1928 short story by Robert E. Howard

### Film and television

* Hyenas (1992 film), also Hyènes, Senegalese film by Djibril Diop Mambéty based on Dürrenmatt's "Besuch der alten Dame"
* Hyenas (2011 film), a supernatural horror film, written and directed by Eric Weston
* Hyena (film), a British film
* Hyena Filmproduktion, a film company founded by Monika Treut and Elfi Mikesch in 1984
* Hyena (TV series), a 2020 South Korean legal drama television series
* La hiena (The Hyena), 1971 Mexican telenovela

### Music

* Hyena Records [nl], a record label founded by American jazz and R&B music producer Joel Dorn
* Hyæna, a 1984 album by Siouxsie and the Banshees
* Hyëna, a 2022 album by KMFDM
* Hyena (soundtrack), the soundtrack album of 2006 South Korean television series Hyena
* Hyena, a 2014 album by Red Snapper
* "Hyaena" (song), a 2023 song by Travis Scott
* "Hyena" (song), a 2007 Japanese single by The Gazette
* "Hyena", a song by R.E.M. from the 1986 album Lifes Rich Pageant
* "Hyenas", a song by Noisia from the 2014 compilation album FabricLive.76

### Video games

* Hyenas (video game), a cancelled first-person shooter game

### Characters

* The Hyena (Boner's Ark), from the comic strip Boner's Ark
* Hyena (comics), two villains in the DC Comics universe
* Hyena (Gargoyles), from the Disney cartoon Gargoyles (1994–96)
* Hyena (The King of Fighters: Maximum Impact), in the 2004 fighting video game The King of Fighters: Maximum Impact

## Military

* HMS Hyaena, four ships of the Royal Navy
* de Havilland Hyena, a prototype British army co-operation aircraft of the 1920s
* Armstrong Siddeley Hyena, a British aero engine developed by Armstrong Siddeley in the 1930s

## Other uses

* Lancia Hyena, a small sports car introduced in 1992
* Hyena, a southern Malawi occupation for providing sexual cleansing services
# Gaddam Vinod Kumar

Gaddam Vinod Venkataswamy (born 16 September 1956) is an Indian politician from Telangana. He is an MLA from Bellampalli Assembly Constituency in Mancherial District. He won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

## Early life and education

Vinod is born to Gaddam Venkataswamy and Kalavati. He has a brother and three sisters. He did his schooling at All Saints High School in Hyderabad and later, completed his Class 10 from Hyderabad Public School. He did his intermediate at Nrupatunga Junior College before completing his graduation at Nizam College in 1975.
He is a businessman. He started Veenus Tobacco in 1976. He also started a Cement factory in Vikarabad, which he later sold to India Cements.
He served as vice-president of the Hyderabad Cricket Association and then became its president from 1996 to 2004. His brother Vivek leads Visakha Industries which got a nod to construct the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in Uppal, Hyderabad.
He was also the President of the Hyderabad Cricket Association from 2004 to 2010 and again from 2012 to 2014.

## Political life

He entered politics in 1999, but lost Chennur Assembly Constituency representing Indian National Congress to Telugu Desam Party’s Boda Janardhan. He came back and defeated him in 2004 election. He served as Minister for Labour and Textiles in Andhra Pradesh from 2004 to 2009 in the Y. S. Rajasekhar Reddy ministry.
Then, he lost the 2009 Assembly Elections to Nalla Odellu from the BRS. Later, he lost the 2010 by-election and the 2014 Assembly election from Chennur against Odellu. He shifted to Bahujan Samaj Party, but lost the 2018 Assembly election from Bellampalli Assembly Constituency against Durgam Chinnaiah of the BRS. In 2023, he returned to Congress and won the Bellampalli Constituency against Durgam Chinnaiah of the BRS polling 82,217 votes with a vote share of 57.96%.
| Year | Election | Constituency | Party | Outcome | Opponent | Opponent Party |
| 1999 | MLA | Chennur constituency | INC | Lost | Boda Janardhan | TDP |
| 2004 | MLA | Chennur constituency | INC | Won | Boda Janardhan | TDP |
| 2009 | MLA | Chennur constituency | INC | Lost | Nallala Odelu | TRS |
| 2010 'By-election' | MLA | Chennur constituency | INC | Lost | Nallala Odelu | TRS |
| 2014 | MLA | Chennur constituency | INC | Lost | Nallala Odelu | TRS |
| 2018 | MLA | Bellampalli constituency | BSP | Lost | Durgam Chinnaiah | TRS |
| 2023 | MLA | Bellampalli constituency | INC | Won | Durgam Chinnaiah | BRS |
# Mak Pak Shee

Mak Pak Shee (Chinese: 麦柏士; pinyin: Mài Bǎishì) was a Singaporean politician.

## Career

An African Chinese with Cantonese ancestry, Mak was the leader of the Singapore-based Labour Party. He left the party in August 1950. When he was in the Cabinet, he held the position of Junior Minister. In his book One Man's View of the World (2013), Singapore's first Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew described Mak as a "fixer – somebody who facilitated the fulfilment of favours for a fee".

## Lawsuits

In July 1948, Mak was meted a fine of S$250 for inappropriately including the honorifics "MB, BS" in his name.

## Personal life

Mak had eight sons. His third son, Mak Kok Hoe, died aged eight in February 1957 and was buried at Bidadari Cemetery.
# Małgorzata Rejmer

Małgorzata Zofia (Margo) Rejmer, born in 1985 in Warsaw, is a Polish novelist, reporter, and writer of short stories.
Her books, which have been translated into eight languages, include the novel Toximia (2009) and two works of nonfiction: Bucharest: Dust and Blood, which won the Newsweek Award for best book of 2014, the Gryfia Literary Award (2014), and the TVP Kultura Award (2014); and Mud Sweeter than Honey, for which she was awarded the Polityka Passport, the most prestigious prize in Poland for emerging artists, as well as the Arkady Fiedler Award. She holds the title of the Young Ambassador of the Polish Language.

## Works

* 2009: Toksymia. Warsaw, Lampa i Iskra Boża
* 2013: Bukareszt. Kurz i krew, Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Czarne
* 2018: Błoto słodsze niż miód, Głosy komunistycznej Albanii, Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Czarne
# T18 Boarhound

The T18 Boarhound was an American heavy armored car produced in small numbers for the British Army during the Second World War.

## History

In July 1941, the United States Army Ordnance Corps issued specifications for a heavy armored car (along with another specification for a medium armored car, which resulted in the T17 Deerhound and T17E1 Staghound) to be built for supply to the British. The prototype was developed in 1942 by the Yellow Coach Company. It was a large 8x8 (eight wheels, all driven; called an "eight-by-eight") vehicle with four front wheels used for steering. Thick armor brought the weight to 26 tons, about the weight of contemporary medium tanks. Initial armament consisted of a 37 mm gun M6 in a turret with a coaxial .30 inch machine gun and another .30 inch MG in the bow mount. By then, it was clear that the anti-tank performance of the 37 mm gun was insufficient and the production version, the T18E2, which was named Boarhound by the British, received the 57 mm gun M1, the US-manufactured variant of the British QF 6 pounder.
The United States Army had only shown minimal interest in the vehicle and retained the first 3 production vehicles. The British Army placed an order for 2,500 units, but high production costs and poor cross-country performance led to cancellation of the order with only 27 being delivered to North Africa. The T18 was never used widely in combat; however, a number were made use of by defending bases of operation in North Africa, with a few even taking part in convoy operations. There are accounts that a limited few were refitted for special duties in the rear echelon as well. Late in 1942, orders were issued for upwards of some eight Boarhounds to be assigned to the Eighth Army, which used them sparingly as supporting armored vehicles and, to some extent, in reconnaissance roles. None are said to have seen heavy action.
The only surviving vehicle is displayed in The Tank Museum, Bovington, United Kingdom.
For a wheeled vehicle, especially one made during the height of the African Campaign (which made it likely to serve in desert conditions) the T18 was simply too heavy. At 80 kilometers an hour, it did have a relatively high-top speed, but acceleration and turning were hampered by the somewhat thick frontal armor, which could reach 40mm in some places.

## Variants

* T18 - original version with 37 mm gun.
* T18E1 - six-wheeled version. Development stopped January 18, 1943
* T18E2 - version with 57 mm gun.
# C.-H. Hermansson

Carl-Henrik "C.-H." Hermansson (14 December 1917 – 26 July 2016) was a Swedish politician who served as chairman of the Communist Party of Sweden (during his leadership renamed the Left Party – Communists) from 1964 to 1975 and member of parliament from 1963 to 1985. He was a major force in redirecting Left Party policies away from Moscow loyalism towards Eurocommunism and Scandinavian Popular Socialism. He wrote several books regarding capitalism and the owners of the large corporations, as well as on communists and the policies of the left.
At the time of Joseph Stalin's death in 1953, Hermansson praised Stalin as a brilliant scientist and a great leader. He subsequently regretted this and referred to his own words about Stalin as reprehensible.
# Questions and answers

Questions and answers may refer to:

## Music

* Questions & Answers (album), by The Sleeping, 2006
* "Questions and Answers" (Biffy Clyro song), 2003
* "Questions and Answers" (Sham 69 song), 1979
* "Questions and Answers", a song by Nektar from Remember the Future, 1973

## Television

* Questions and Answers (TV channel) or Voprosy I Otvety, a Russian game-show channel
* Questions and Answers (TV programme), an Irish topical debate show
* "Questions and Answers" (The Golden Girls), a television episode

## Other uses

* Google Questions and Answers, a free knowledge market
* Questions and Answers, a work by Anastasius of Sinai
* Questions and Answers, a seven-volume book by Mirra Alfassa
* Erotapokriseis, Greek for 'questions and answers', a literary genre
# Takanobu Hayashi

Takanobu Hayashi (林 隆喜, Hayashi Takanobu) is a Japanese photographer.

## Early life

Hayashi was born in Dalian, China, in 1946, but his family then quickly moved to Japan, first to Beppu (Ōita) and then to Kyoto. He worked in a darkroom for a year after graduating from high school, and in 1965 moved to Tokyo, where he studied at the Tokyo College of Photography.

## Photography career

After graduating, Hayashi worked for two years as an assistant of Hajime Sawatari, and then started to freelance for fashion magazines. Since 1983 he has been teaching at the Tokyo College of Photography.
Hayashi works in black and white, often depicting a Tokyo rendered off-kilter by speculative and showy development.
Hayashi has participated in group exhibitions including “Empathy”, which went to Rochester (NY) and elsewhere in 1987. His first solo exhibition (in the Shinjuku Nikon Salon) came in 1983; he has exhibited intermittently since then.
Hayashi's only book to date is Zoo, a collection of photographs in zoos that managed to show the animals in (and sometimes dwarfed by) their man-made environs while barely showing any people; it has been praised for the purity (achieved with the help of retouching) and composition of its images. Zoo won the Higashikawa Prize in 1986. A series of photographs of roof spaces, Roof, won praise as a continuation of the themes of Zoo.
Hayashi also won an award from Konica in 1995.

## Book

* Zoo. Tokyo: the author, 1986. Includes 28 black and white plates. Captions (the names of the zoos) in English; no other text.
# Rosa 'Charlotte Armstrong'

Rosa 'Charlotte Armstrong' is a pink Hybrid tea rose cultivar developed by Dr. Walter Lammerts and introduced in the U.S. by Armstrong Roses in 1940. The rose won the All-America Rose Selections Award (AARS) and the Portland Gold Medal in 1941.

## Description

'Charlotte Armstrong' is a vigorous, upright hybrid tea rose, 4.9 ft (1.5 m) in height with a 3.3 ft (1.0 m) spread. Blooms are large, with an average diameter of 5.9 in (150 mm), and a full bloom form (26–40 petals). Long, pointed red buds open to medium-pink flowers with darker pink backs. The flowers have long, durable petals and a strong, sweet, citrus fragrance. Flowers are primarily carried singly on long stems. 'Charlotte Armstrong' blooms in flushes throughout the growing season. It is very disease resistant. The shrub has a lax, ungainly growth habit and dark green, leathery foliage.

## History
### Walter Lammerts

Walter E. Lammerts (1904-1996) was an author, horticulturist, and rose breeder. He earned a BS and PhD in horticulture from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1935, he was hired by John Armstrong, owner of Armstrong Nurseries, and established the company's rose development program. He introduced 46 new rose varieties between 1940 and 1981. Working with Los Angeles newspaper owner, Manchester Boddy, Lammerts developed a plant research program at Descanso Gardens in La Cañada Flintridge, California. He later continued his plant research in Livermore, California working at the Amling-DeVor Nursery. Lammerts died on June 4, 1996.

### 'Charlotte Armstrong'

Lammerts developed the rose cultivar by crossing the yellow Hybrid tea, 'Soeur Therese' with red Hybrid tea rose, 'Crimson Glory'. Armstrong Roses introduced 'Charlotte Armstrong' into the U.S. in 1940, and named the new rose for John Armstrong's wife, Charlotte. 'Charlotte Armstrong' was used to hybridize twenty child plants, including 'Queen Elizabeth', 'Garden Party', 'Tiffany', and 'Chrysler Imperial'. The rose is the official flower of the city of Ontario, California, where Armstrong Roses was based. 'Charlotte Armstrong' won the All-America Rose Selections Award (AARS) and the Portland Gold Medal in 1941.
# Omotayo Adeleye Ishaya

Omotayo Adeleye Ishaya is a Nigerian politician who currently serves as the representative for the Ijumu constituency at the Kogi State House of Assembly.
# Jakub Szymanski

Jakub Szymanski (born 9 February 1983) is a Czech handball player. He plays for TSV St. Otmar St. Gallen and the Czech national team. He participated at the 2015 World Men's Handball Championship in Qatar.
# Paroster

Paroster is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae, containing the following species:
* Paroster couragei Watts, 1978
* Paroster gibbi Watts, 1978
* Paroster insculptilis (Clark, 1862)
* Paroster michaelseni Régimbart, 1908
* Paroster niger Watts, 1978
* Paroster nigroadumbratus (Clark, 1862)
* Paroster pallescens Sharp, 1882
* Paroster sharpi Watts, 1978
* Paroster thapsinus (Guignot, 1955)
together with these (listed as valid by the Australian Faunal Directory):
* Paroster anophthalmus (Brancucci & Monteith, 1997)
* Paroster arachnoides (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster baylyi Hendrich & Fery, 2008
* Paroster bulbus (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster byroensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster caecus (Watts, 1982)
* Paroster copidotibiae (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster darlotensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster dingbatensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster eurypleuron (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster extraordinarius Leys, Roudnew & Watts, 2010
* Paroster fortisspina (Watts & Humphreys, 2003
* Paroster hamoni (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster hinzeae (Watts & Humphreys, 2001)
* Paroster innouendyensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster killaraensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster macrocephalus (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster macrosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006)
* Paroster megamacrocephalus (Watts & Humphreys, 2006)
* Paroster mesosturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006)
* Paroster microsturtensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2006)
* Paroster milgunensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster napperbyensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster newhavenensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster peelensis Watts, Hancock & Leys, 2008
* Paroster pentameres (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster plutonicensis (Watts & Humpheys, 2003)
* Paroster septum (Watts & Humphreys, 2006)
* Paroster skaphites (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster stegastos (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)
* Paroster tetrameres (Watts & Humphreys, 2006)
* Paroster ursulae Hendrich & Balke, 2008
* Paroster verrucosus (Watts & Humphreys, 2004)
* Paroster wedgeensis (Watts & Humphreys, 2003)