# Vesoul

Vesoul (French pronunciation: və-ZOOL) is a commune in the predominantly rural Haute-Saône department, of which it is the prefecture, or capital, in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté located in eastern France.
It is the most populated municipality of the department, with 15,212 inhabitants in 2014. The same year, the Communauté d'agglomération de Vesoul, which covers 20 municipalities, together had 34,310 inhabitants, while its urban area, comprising 78 municipalities, had 59,244 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are known in French as Vésuliens.
Built on top of the hill of La Motte in the first millennium under the name of Castrum Vesulium, the city gradually evolved into a European commercial and economic center. At the end of the Middle Ages, the city experienced a challenging period beset with plagues, epidemics, and localized conflict.
The main urban center of the department, Vesoul is also home to a major PSA parts manufacturing plant and to the Vesoul International Film Festival of Asian Cinema. It was immortalized by Jacques Brel in his 1968 song "Vesoul".

## History

Vesoul is first mentioned in a document dated 899. That document describes an elevation with a fortified watchtower and speaks of "Castrum Vesulium". Castrum is a fortification, and "Vesulium" has the syllable ves which meant hill or mountain in a language that was spoken before the Celts. Today, there is a castle that forms the centre of the city. The first houses were built inside the walls of the castle. Newcomers who found no place settled outside the city walls, on the flanks of the hill. Growing wine was popular.
The town was severely affected by the plague in 1586. It became part of France in 1678.
In 1814, after the fall of the empire, a buffer state was created, with Vesoul as capital. The principality was that of Free County, of the Vosges and of Porrentruy.
Today, one of the main factories of PSA Peugeot Citroën is near Vesoul.

## Geography

Vesoul is located in the eastern part of France, about 100 kilometers away from the Germany and the Switzerland border and between the Jura and the Vosges's mountain ranges. Vesoul is also situated in the center of the Haute-Saône, which is in the north of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. In of this region, Vesoul is included in the Pays de Vesoul et du Val de Saône, a geographic region composed of the Vesoul's area and the northern part of the river Saône.
By road, Vesoul is 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Luxeuil-les-Bains, 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Lure and 59 kilometres (37 mi) from Gray, which are the main towns close to Vesoul. Relative to the bigger cities in the French East region, Vesoul is located 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Besançon, 64 kilometres (40 mi) from Belfort, 105 kilometres (65 mi) from Dijon, and 156 kilometres (97 mi) from Nancy. Equidistant from Dijon and Mulhouse, Vesoul is 370 kilometres (230 mi) away from the city of Paris. The town of Vesoul is at the intersection of national roads N19 and N57. Vesoul station is on the SNCF Paris–Mulhouse railway line, and has connections with Paris, Belfort, Mulhouse and Chaumont.
The Vesoul area is also included in the Pôle métropolitain Centre Franche-Comté which is a government structure unifying the biggest areas of central Franche-Comté. Nine communes border the town of Vesoul.
Vesoul is crossed by four watercourses : two rivers (Durgeon and Colombine) and two streams (Vaugine and Méline). All four are tributaries and sub-tributaries of the Saône, the fourth longest river in France at 473 kilometers long and a tributary of the Rhone, which flows at about ten kilometers from the western side of Vesoul.

## Governance and politics
### Twin towns

* Gerlingen, Germany, since 1964

### Administrative division

* Arrondissement of Vesoul
* Canton of Vesoul-1
* Canton of Vesoul-2

## Population and society

* Jean-Michel Nicolier ( 1 July 1966 – 20/21 November 1991), French volunteer in the Croatian War of Independence who was killed in the Vukovar massacre
* Sophie Bouillon (born 1984), independent journalist, winner of the 2009 Albert Londres Prize.

### Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 5,303 | — |
| 1800 | 5,417 | +0.30% |
| 1806 | 5,708 | +0.88% |
| 1821 | 5,391 | −0.38% |
| 1831 | 5,408 | +0.03% |
| 1836 | 5,887 | +1.71% |
| 1841 | 6,788 | +2.89% |
| 1846 | 5,941 | −2.63% |
| 1851 | 6,621 | +2.19% |
| 1856 | 7,281 | +1.92% |
| 1861 | 7,579 | +0.81% |
| 1866 | 7,614 | +0.09% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1872 | 7,716 | +0.22% |
| 1876 | 9,206 | +4.51% |
| 1881 | 9,553 | +0.74% |
| 1886 | 9,733 | +0.37% |
| 1891 | 9,770 | +0.08% |
| 1896 | 10,083 | +0.63% |
| 1901 | 9,704 | −0.76% |
| 1906 | 10,163 | +0.93% |
| 1911 | 10,539 | +0.73% |
| 1921 | 10,471 | −0.06% |
| 1926 | 10,859 | +0.73% |
| 1931 | 11,562 | +1.26% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1936 | 11,926 | +0.62% |
| 1946 | 11,825 | −0.09% |
| 1954 | 12,038 | +0.22% |
| 1962 | 13,678 | +1.61% |
| 1968 | 16,352 | +3.02% |
| 1975 | 18,173 | +1.52% |
| 1982 | 18,412 | +0.19% |
| 1990 | 17,614 | −0.55% |
| 1999 | 17,168 | −0.28% |
| 2007 | 16,329 | −0.62% |
| 2012 | 15,637 | −0.86% |
| 2017 | 14,916 | −0.94% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: Ehess and INSEE :

### Media

Vesoul is also the name of a song by Jacques Brel from 1968, a fast-paced waltz during the recording of which Brel famously yelled "Chauffe, Marcel, chauffe!" ("heat up, Marcel, heat up!") at his accordionist, Marcel Azzola.
The town is also mentioned facetiously in the satirical rap Fous ta cagoule by Michael Youn.

### Sport

* FC Vesoul, football club
* Stade René Hologne
* Cercle de Judo de Vesoul, Judo club with a competitors section

### Education

Vesoul has schools of higher education. The city has 1,200 students divided between an IUT, an IUFM, an Institute of Nursing Training, a School of Management and Commerce and BTS. A Council of Student Life (CVE), led by the Officer in charge of Higher Education, was established in 2011. It offers activities to stimulate student life. In all, Vesoul has 10,000 students.
All schools and studies in Vesoul

## Culture and heritage
### Monuments and tourist attractions

* Vieux Vesoul (Old Vesoul) (buildings from the 15th, 16th and 18th centuries and Garret Museum)
* Site of Vesoul's Motte
* Site of the Sabot de Frotey
* Lake of Vesoul - Vaivre
* Vesoul-Vaivre Vélo-rail
* Convent of the Ursulines (17th century)
* St. George's Church, Vesoul
* Gare de Vesoul
* PSA Vesoul Plant
* Synagogue of Vesoul
* Musée Georges-Garret
* Notre-Dame-de-la-Motte
* Paul Morel Hospital
* Lac de Vesoul - Vaivre

### Festival

* Vesoul International Film Festival of Asian Cinema

### Library

The first public library of Vesoul opened in 1771. The abbé (abbot) Bardenet, superior of the Saint-Esprit hospital in Besançon, gave his book collection to the town. There were 1772 books. The collections became a lot larger with the Revolution. At that time, the revolutionaries (people who led the French Revolution) took the books from the monasteries of the town (capucins) and even of the region (Luxeuil and Faverney monasteries). Around 20,000 books were added to the library this way, including some 11th century manuscripts. The Mayor's office was responsible for keeping the books.
In 1981, the municipality decided to build a new building to encourage the public to read. The library was recently equipped with computers. There are around 200 manuscripts and 150 incunables.

### Notable people

* Jean-Léon Gérôme
* Raymond Aubrac
* Édouard Belin
* Edwige Feuillère
* Charles Grandmougin
* Arthur Constantin Krebs
* Laurent Mangel
* Jean Pierre Marie Orchampt
* Robert Schurrer
* Stéphane Peterhansel
* Albert Cartier
* Abel Khaled
* Jean-Baptiste Humbert
* Alain Joyandet
* Yves Krattinger
* Mickaël Ravaux
* Jean-Xavier Bureau de Pusy
* Georges Cogniot
* Théodule-Armand Ribot
* Albert Mathiez
* Jean Peyrière
* Julien Casoli
* Amédée Simon Dominique Thierry
* Affo Erassa
* Jean Compagnon
* Cédric Si Mohamed
* Katty Piejos
* Vincent Luis
* Frédéric Vichot
* Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret
* Jean-Michel Nicollier
* Pape Mamadou Diouf
* Roger Munier
* Jean-Joseph Gaume

## Awards

* Vesoul inaugurated the first Cyber Base France in 1999
* Voted "most athletic city of France" in 2001
* Labeled "Child Friendly City" by UNICEF in 2006. This label was renewed in 2009.
* Labeled "friendly and inclusive City" in 2010
* Labeled "Cities and villages in bloom" and has 3 flowers
* Labeled "QualiTri Collection" in 2012
* Vesoul is the second city in France to obtain ISO 14001 certification

## Climate

Climate data for Vesoul Ville (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 29.5 (85.1) | 33.5 (92.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.5 (104.9) | 33.8 (92.8) | 29.5 (85.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 10.6 (51.1) | 6.8 (44.2) | 16.8 (62.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 3.9 (39.0) | 7.5 (45.5) | 10.8 (51.4) | 14.9 (58.8) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 6.8 (44.2) | 3.6 (38.5) | 11.5 (52.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.8 (35.2) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.5 (47.3) | 12.1 (53.8) | 14.0 (57.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 9.9 (49.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.0 (37.4) | 0.3 (32.5) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −15.5 (4.1) | −7.0 (19.4) | −2.9 (26.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | 2.8 (37.0) | 2.5 (36.5) | −1.2 (29.8) | −6.0 (21.2) | −10.5 (13.1) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −22.2 (−8.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 80.9 (3.19) | 71.9 (2.83) | 69.7 (2.74) | 68.5 (2.70) | 98.1 (3.86) | 85.0 (3.35) | 83.9 (3.30) | 80.1 (3.15) | 80.6 (3.17) | 94.7 (3.73) | 96.8 (3.81) | 97.5 (3.84) | 1,007.7 (39.67) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13.0 | 11.6 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 14.0 | 137.5 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||