# Francis Makemie

Francis Makemie (1658–1708) was an Ulster Scots clergyman, widely regarded as the founder of Presbyterianism in the United States.

## Early and family life

Makemie was born in Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland part of the province of Ulster. He attended the University of Glasgow, where he experienced a religious conversion and enrolled as "Franciscus Makemus Scoto-Hyburnus". He was ordained a minister by the Presbytery of Laggan in West Ulster in 1681.

## Ministry in America

At the request of Colonel William Stevens, an Episcopalian from Rehobeth, Maryland, Rev. Makemie was sent as a missionary to America, arriving in Maryland in 1683. He initially preached in Somerset County, Maryland, and established the Rehobeth Presbyterian Church the oldest Presbyterian Church in America, near the Coventry Parish Church which Col. Stevens attended. The ruins of Coventry Parish Church still stand nearby.
Makemie also supported himself as a merchant and travelled among other Scots-Irish communities, many of which were isolatedand often suspicious of each other.
In eastern Somerset County (which became Worcester County, Maryland in 1742, where All Hallows Episcopal Church would be erected about a decade later ), Makemie founded the first Presbyterian community in the Town of Snow Hill, established in 1686 and named after a neughbourhood London. Snow Hill was become the centre of the Presbytery of Snow Hill, which received a charter from Maryland's General Assembly, but was never activated.
Nonetheless, a Presbyterian Church was established early on in Snow Hill.The current Makemie Memorial Presbyterian Church is the fourth building on the site and the congregation's third location in Snow Hill. The first building was situated near the Pocomoke River, the primary means of travel in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Makemie often travelled along the river to visit his congregations at Rehoboth and other distant locations, as well on what later became U.S. Route 13 down the Delmarva Peninsula. This original log building was eventually replaced by a frame structure, located a big further away from the water but still prone to flooding.
Makemie travelled widely along the American coast between North Carolina and New York, and was involved in the West Indies Trade. In 1692, the same year he was granted land in Accomack County, Virginia, he and seven other Presbyterian ministers gathered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and either at that time or in 1706, founded the Presbytery of Philadelphia, the first its kind in America, with Makemie serving as its moderator. He also helped establish churches in Salisbury, Princess Anne, Berlin and Pocomoke City and two places on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, all in Accomack County further down the Delmarva Peninsula.
In 1691, Makemie's 'Catechism' challenged some of the beliefs of the Society of Friends. Abolitionist Quaker George Keith published a reply, and Makemie responded in the 'Answer', which Congregational Rev. Increase Mather praised as the work of "a reverent and judicious minister".
While living in Barbados, Makemie wrote 'Truths in a True Light, or a Pastoral Letter to the Reformed Protestants in Barbadoes' on 28th December 1696. The work was published in Edinburgh in 1699, the same year Makemie returned to Accomac. He presented a certificate from Barbados and was allowed to preach in his dwelling in Pocomoke, Maryland, or at designated locations in Accomac, Virginia. He later travelled to London to resolve questions regarding his handling of episcopal duties in his ministry, and brought back two missionaries.
In 1707, Makemie was arrested by Lord Cornbury, the governor of New York, for preaching without a Crown-issued license, as required under the Toleration Act. He spent two months in jail before being released on bail. At trial, he produced his preaching license from Barbados, and was acquitted, though he faced heavy legal costs. This case became a landmark victory for religious freedom in America. The controversial Lord Cornbury was recalled to England the following year.

## Death and legacy

Makemie and his wife Naomi purchased a plantation along Holdens Creek in Temperanceville, Virginia in Accomack County, not far from the county seat. There, he spent his final years and passed away in 1708. The community he helped establish still today.
Around the 200th anniversary of the Presbyterian Church's founding, outsiders were shocked to find Makemie's gravesite on the former plantation in dilapidated condition. They worked to stabilize it and erected a statue and memorial marker. During this period, the surrounding community was experiencing economic prosperity, leading to the renovation of the church he had founded in Accomac, Virginia (named in his honor). Additionally, they purchased a disused Methodist church in Onancock, Virginia, demolishing it, and built a new structure named after his supportive wife Naomi, in 1903.
Makemie Woods campground, owned and operated by the Presbytery of Eastern Virginia of the Presbyterian Church (USA), is named in honor of Francis Makemie. The camp is located between Williamsburg and Richmond, Virginia.