# Anan, Tokushima

Anan (阿南市, Anan-shi) is a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 70,285 in 31313 households and a population density of 250 persons per km². The total area of the city is 279.25 square kilometres (107.82 sq mi).

## Geography

Anan is located in the southeastern part of Tokushima Prefecture and is the easternmost municipality on the island of Shikoku. The east faces the Kii Channel and the Pacific Ocean, and is the northern end of Muroto-Anan Kaigan Quasi-National Park. The city is at the mouth of the Naka River, which is the longest river in the prefecture, and the Kuwano River runs through the city. The city has two main urban centers: the Tokushima district, which is a former castle town, and the Tachibana district, which is a port city.

### Neighbouring municipalities

Tokushima Prefecture
* Katsuura
* Komatsushima
* Minami
* Naka

### Climate

Anan has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is high, but there is a pronounced difference between the wetter summers and drier winters. The average annual temperature in Anan is 16.7 °C (62.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,993.3 mm (78.48 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.2 °C (81.0 °F), and lowest in January, at around 7.0 °C (44.6 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Anan was 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) on 11 August 2013; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) on 26 February 1981.
Climate data for Cape Kamoda, Anan (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 22.7 (72.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 33.0 (91.4) | 35.1 (95.2) | 36.3 (97.3) | 33.9 (93.0) | 29.8 (85.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 36.3 (97.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.8 (56.8) | 18.5 (65.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 29.0 (84.2) | 30.9 (87.6) | 27.8 (82.0) | 22.9 (73.2) | 17.9 (64.2) | 12.9 (55.2) | 20.2 (68.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 27.2 (81.0) | 24.5 (76.1) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.6 (58.3) | 9.5 (49.1) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) | 4.0 (39.2) | 6.3 (43.3) | 10.8 (51.4) | 15.3 (59.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.8 (62.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 6.4 (43.5) | 13.7 (56.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) | −4.9 (23.2) | −2.8 (27.0) | 2.0 (35.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | 13.4 (56.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.6 (63.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 7.6 (45.7) | 1.1 (34.0) | −3.1 (26.4) | −4.9 (23.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69.6 (2.74) | 91.1 (3.59) | 133.5 (5.26) | 149.0 (5.87) | 182.7 (7.19) | 242.8 (9.56) | 229.3 (9.03) | 172.2 (6.78) | 284.9 (11.22) | 228.8 (9.01) | 124.8 (4.91) | 83.3 (3.28) | 1,993.3 (78.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.7 | 7.1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 13.2 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 108.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 183.5 | 167.5 | 193.4 | 201.9 | 205.8 | 155.3 | 200.5 | 248.1 | 173.5 | 175.1 | 163.0 | 183.7 | 2,247.7 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Anan in 2020 is 69,470 people. Anan has been conducting censuses since 1920.

## History

As with all of Tokushima Prefecture, the area of Anan was part of ancient Awa Province. The Naka River valley was settled since at least the Kofun period, and archaeologists have found many kofun burial mounds and the traces of Japan's oldest cinnabar mine. During the Edo period, the area was part of the holdings of Tokushima Domain ruled by the Hachisuka clan from their seat at Tokushima Castle. Following the Meiji restoration, it was organized into 17 villages within Naka District, Tokushima with the creation of the modern municipalities system on October 1, 1889, including the villages of Tomioka and Tachibanaura. Tomioka was raised town status in 1905 and Tachibanaura became Tachibana town in 1912. The two towns merged on May 1, 1958 to form the city of Anan. On March 20, 2006, the towns of Hanoura and Nakagawa (both from Naka District) were merged into Anan.

## Government

Anan has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 28 members. Anan contributes four members to the Tokushima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Tokushima 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Anan was traditionally known for its production of edible bamboo shoots and bamboo products. In modern times, it has been associated with Nichia, a global LED and electronic materials manufacturer which has its headquarters and several factories in the city. Also in the city is the static inverter plant of Kii Channel HVDC system. Agriculture and commercial fishing also play a role in the economy.

## Education

Anan has 22 public elementary schools and ten public middle schools operated by the city government and one public middle school and four public high schools operated by the Tokushima Prefectural Department of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped. The city also has the National Institute of Technology, Anan College.

## Transportation
### Railway

Shikoku Railway Company – Mugi Line
* Hanoura - Nishibara - Awa-Nakashima - Anan - Minobayashi - Awa-Tachibana - Kuwano - Aratano - Awa-Fukui

### Highways

* Tokushima Expressway
* Anan-Aki Expressway
* National Route 55
* National Route 195

## Local attractions

* Byōdō-ji, 22nd temple on the Shikoku Pilgrimage
* Tairyū-ji, 21st temple on the Shikoku Pilgrimage
* Wakasugiyama Site, Kofun period cinnabar mine trace. National Historic Site