OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gulaba

Gulaba is a village in the Indian State of Himachal Pradesh. It is located 27 km from the town of Manali and 25 km from the Rohtang pass. The village was designed and is managed according to the guidelines of National Green Tribunal Act. It has focused much of its resources on promoting tourism. To reduce the environmental impacts of tourism, the village has improved sanitation services, possessing multiple mobile toilet units and a waste disposal system. As per the order of National Green Tribunal Act, only 800 petrol vehicles and 400 diesel vehicles are given permits to visit Rohtang Pass.
Gulaba is a tourist destination primarily because of its natural environment. It offers views of the surrounding mountains and, during winter, it is covered in snow, attracting visitors for skiing, snowboarding and other winter sports. Additionally, Gulaba serves as a starting point for treks and hikes to explore the Himalayan landscapes, making it a destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
The road leading to Rohtang Pass is barred during heavy snowfall season which lasts from November to March. Access beyond Gulaba requires obtaining an online permit in advance, particularly for diesel vehicles due to a daily quota restriction. Petrol vehicles may obtain permits at the checkpoint or utilize local cab services for transportation beyond Gulaba. Visitors intending to explore Rohtang Pass should ensure they secure the necessary permits beforehand to avoid inconvenience or being turned back. Additionally, Gulaba serves as a starting point for the popular Brighu Lake trekking trail.
To avoid accidents, Himachal Pradesh Police has set up barriers to guide traffic. This place is considered to be a starting point for Brighu lake trekking.
# There Lived Kozyavin

There Lived Kozyavin (Russian: Жил-был Козявин) is a 1966 Soviet animated short directed by Andrei Khrzhanovsky, written by Lazar Lagin and Gennady Shpalikov.

## Background

Andrey Khrzhanovskij directed this film in a surrealist, constructivist world, which resembles paintings by Giorgio de Chirico.

## Plot

An employee, called Kozyavin, receives an assignment from his boss to find another employee called Sidorov. Without any questions, he soon left the office to search for Sidorov. Encountering traffic, he walked instead through sewer. He then arrived a wall, which was destroyed soon by a construction machine. There he met a builder and touched his shoulders. The builder turned to him and Kozyavin asked him, but he didn't hear anything he said close to his ears. The builder took a little red flag from his suit and waved with it, until every builder stopped work, together with the machines. Kozyavin asked one more time, if he saw Sidorov. After a surprising action, he walked further to search for Sidorov. An active ramp in the building site, which worked intermittently up and down, didn't frighten up Kozyavin.
Without taking any break, Kozyavin continued to walk. On a fair, he walked upon a pole. The children, who were amazed about his acrobatic skills, were questioned by Kozyavin. After no reaction by them, the employee Kozyavin pursued his way with an optimistic view to comply with the task. The second person Kozyavin met was a violinist, who played a composition. Kozyavin asked the violinist if he saw Sidorov. Without any response, Kozyavin nudged him and took his violin bow. Walking on surrealistic stairs, he opened the door to a commission building.
Kozyavin sparked a light and went through paintings and antiques and finally saw two people, who looked like thieves. Kozyavin was oblivious that they were going to steal the items from this building. However, Kozyavin touched one of the man's shoulders and asked the same question as before. Surprised, they helped Kozyavin by giving directions to Sidorov.
Early next day he pursued the same direction. He entered a pipeline on the ground, in which curves were unrealistically smoothed by Kozyavin himself. He jumped from the pipeline onto the ground and trod on a dry veld. Determined to meet with Sidorov, Kozyavin went throughout the veld, until he climbed up to a mountain. With a good view, he watched everything around him. Unfortunately he didn't find anyone and continued to move forward. He arrived at a desert and got a view of a giant skeleton of a prehistoric animal. Walking through its backbone like a stair, he saw a paleontologist, who was researching the skeleton, and asked him the common question. With no reply and no regret about the destroyed skeleton, Kozyavin continued walking. A body of stagnant water didn't block him to accomplish the task the boss gave him, so Kozyavin swam, until he reached Antarctica. Kozyavin walked around the world, until he arrived his office after failing to accomplish his boss's instruction to find Sidorov. Kozyavin answered it with a shrug and went back to his room.
# Saman-1 (rocket stage)

The Saman-1 (Persian: سامان-۱) is a space tug in development by the Iranian Space Research Center to be used to transfer satellites from a 400 km orbit to higher orbits. The system was unveiled on February 1, 2017, by Iranian president Hassan Rouhani in a ceremony marking the Iranian national space technology day.
It could be used as a third stage/kick-motor on the Simorgh launch vehicle. Although very little information has been publicly revealed about the Qased launch vehicle's solid fueled third stage, analysts have concluded that it may uses the Saman-1 as its third stage or something similar.

## Design

The saman-1 utilizes an Arash-24 solid fuel motor as its main propulsion unit, producing 1.3 tons of thrust with a burn time of 40 seconds and a total mass of 240 kg fully fueled and 55 kg when empty.
Saman-1 is capable of transferring satellites from a 400 km orbit to a 7,000 km orbit. For its first mission it will be tasked with lifting a 100 kilogram satellite from a 400 kilometer circular parking orbit to an elliptical orbit with an apogee of 700 kilometers and a perigee of 400 kilometers. After the first and second stage burn are done the launch vehicle releases the payload and the Saman-1 third stage into a parking orbit, then the Saman-1 becomes responsible for stabilization and elimination of vibrations after release and finally the accurate injection of its payload into its target orbit.
Several new sub-systems were designed and manufactured for the Saman-1, these include: a complete and independent navigation and control system, a solid-fueled propulsion system (made out of titanium to reduce weight), cold gas thrusters, a power system, and a flight computer.

### Future versions

Saman-2 will be able to transfer satellites from a 400 km orbit (LEO) to a 10,000 km orbit; Saman-3 up to 21,000 km; Saman-4 up to 36,000 km (geostationary and geosynchronous orbits).

## History

Saman-1 development began in 2015. The first prototype was unveiled on February 1, 2017, by President Hassan Rouhani. The second prototype was being tested in December 2018. In December 2019, the first sample of the Arash motor was tested successfully in vacuum conditions. A suborbital test flight of Saman-1 occurred in June 2021 and was reported to be successful. A second successful suborbital test took place on 3 October 2022. Operational test flight of the system is planned for 2022–2023.
In 06 December 2024, Simorgh SLV launched Saman-1 orbital transfer block to an altitude of 400 kilometers, along with two other payloads (including the Fakhr-1 satellite), with a total weight of 300 kilograms.

## Gallery

* Saman-1 on display at an exhibition
# Sawtooth Mountain (Utah)

Sawtooth Mountain is a 9,600-foot elevation (2,926 m) mountain summit in Millard County, Utah, United States.

## Description

Sawtooth Mountain is part of the House Range which is a subrange of the Great Basin Ranges. The remote massif is set within the Notch Peak Wilderness Study Area on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. Slopes of the mountain are covered with pinyon–juniper, sagebrush-horsebrush, white fir, bristlecone pine, ponderosa pine, and aspen. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) above Tule Valley in two miles. This landform's toponym was officially adopted in 1961 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

Sawtooth Mountain is set within the Great Basin Desert which has hot summers and cold winters. The desert is an example of a cold desert climate as the desert's elevation makes temperatures cooler than lower elevation deserts. Due to the high elevation and aridity, temperatures drop sharply after sunset. Summer nights are comfortably cool. Winter highs are generally above freezing, and winter nights are bitterly cold, with temperatures often dropping well below freezing.
# Ronald Crimm

Ronald E. Crimm (March 11, 1935 – August 25, 2022) was an American politician from Kentucky.

## Early life

Ronald E. Crimm was born on March 11, 1935, in West Lawn, Pennsylvania, to Jean (née Whitwam) and Ralph Crimm. He graduated from Shippensburg State Teachers College in 1957.

## Career

Crimm taught business education at Penncrest High School. He then worked in insurance.
Crimm served in the Kentucky House of Representatives, which he was initially elected to in 1996, and was defeated in the 2016 primary by Jason Nemes. A Republican, he represented the 33rd district. He was an alumnus of Shippensburg University, which he graduated from in business in 1957. Prior to his election to the house, he was chairman of the Jefferson County Republican Party, assuming the position in 1993. He was a former manager, teacher, and owner of Crimm Insurance.

## Personal life

Crimm married Phyllis Jane on August 23, 1958. His wife predeceased him. They had two children, Cynthia and Scott. He was a member of the Middletown United Methodist Church.
Crimm died on August 25, 2022. He was buried at Middletown Historical Cemetery.
# Rosedale Valley Bridge

The Rosedale Valley Bridge (also called the Rosedale Ravine Bridge) is a covered arch bridge located in the northeast part of Downtown Toronto, Ontario. Built in 1966 by architect John B. Parkin (now part of Delcan Corporation), the concrete bridge carries Line 2 trains of the subway across the Rosedale Ravine.
The eastern end of the Rosedale Valley Bridge is situated at the western end of Castle Frank station. The bridge itself is positioned on the north side of and almost parallel to the Rosedale section of the Prince Edward Viaduct. The viaduct opened in 1918 and had a lower deck over its entire length designed for rail transport. When the first phase of the Bloor subway line opened, its tracks utilized the lower deck of the main phase across the Don River Valley to the east as originally intended. However, since the approach curves leading to the Rosedale section would be too sharp for the trains, the dedicated Rosedale Valley Bridge was built to carry them, and the lower deck of the original viaduct remains unused.
Although the bridge once had open skylights for ventilation, they were later covered to reduce noise to the surrounding area. It can be seen from the north side of Bloor Street, which crosses from the adjacent Prince Edward Viaduct, or from below on Rosedale Valley Road which it passes over.

## Other bridges

Besides the Rosedale Valley Bridge and Prince Edward Viaduct, there are three other bridges that span above Rosedale Valley Road:
* Glen Road Bridge: a pedestrian only deck truss bridge built after the 1950s to replace a late 19th Century road bridge
* Sherborne Street Bridge: The original deck truss bridge was built before 1909, demolished in 1952 and replaced by the current steel beam bridge
* Mount Pleasant Road Bridge: deck truss bridge built in 1943
# Ondigus

Ondigus is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least two described species in Ondigus, found in Mexico and Central America.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Ondigus:
* Ondigus bicolor Braet, Barbalho & van Achterberg, 2003
* Ondigus cuixmalensis Zaldívar-Riverón, Martinez, Ceccarelli & Shaw, 2012
# Maryan Faryna

Maryan Ivanovych Faryna (Ukrainian: Мар'ян Іванович Фарина; born 28 August 2003) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Shakhtar Donetsk.

## Club career

Born in Kamyane, Lviv Oblast, Faryna began his career in the neighbouring Youth Sportive School Zhydachiv, before transferring to the Skala Stryi, VIK-Volyn Volodymyr-Volynskyi academy school systems and Shakhtar Donetsk academy in summer 2020.
He played in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves for several seasons and made his debut for the senior Shakhtar Donetsk squad in the Ukrainian Premier League as a start squad player in an away lost from Vorskla Poltava on 4 June 2023.

## International career

On 6 March 2024, Faryna was called up by Ruslan Rotan to the Ukraine Olympic football team preliminary squad as a preparation to the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 4 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2022–23 | Ukrainian Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2023–24 | Ukrainian Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2024–25 | Ukrainian Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | Total | Total | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Metalist 1925 Kharkiv (loan) | 2023–24 | Ukrainian Premier League | 22 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 23 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 25 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
# III (Xerath album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Brave Words | 7/10 |
| The Circle Pit | 9/10 |
| Louder Sound | 8/10 |
| Metal Temple | 9/10 |
| Metal Underground | 9/10 |
| Ultimate Guitar | 7.7/10 |
III is the third album by English metal band Xerath, released on September 16, 2014 through Candlelight Records.
# Moses Usor

Moses Usor (born 5 February 2002) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Austrian club LASK.

## Club career

A youth product of 36 Lions FC, Usor moved to the Slavia Prague B in 2022 and scored six goals in nine games. He was promoted to the senior side, and made his professional and Czech First League debut with Slavia Prague as a late substitute in a 2–1 loss to Sparta Prague on 15 May 2022. On 23 June 2022, he signed a professional contract with the club for three years.
Usor joined Austrian Football Bundesliga club LASK on a season-long loan deal on 18 January 2023. On 17 November 2023, LASK made the transfer permanent and signed a contract with Usor until June 2028.

## Playing style

A left-footed winger, Usor prefers playing on the right and cutting in to shoot. He has a low centre of gravity, is dynamic and fast with good technique.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 19 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Slavia Prague | 2021–22 | Czech First League | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Slavia Prague | 2021–22 | Czech First League | 15 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 2 | — | — | 27 | 6 |
| Slavia Prague | Total | Total | 16 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 6 |
| LASK (loan) | 2022–23 | Austrian Bundesliga | 16 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 18 | 1 |
| LASK (loan) | 2023-24 | Austrian Bundesliga | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 1 | — | — | 21 | 3 |
| LASK (loan) | Total | Total | 28 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 44 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 10 |
# Monsula

Monsula was an American punk rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States. The band was conceived in 1988 by Pete Zetterberg and Paul Lee in an art class at Benicia High School. With many member changes over the years, they performed regularly at Berkeley's Gilman Street Project and were known for their simple East Bay pop punk style of music. The band played hundreds of live shows throughout North America before disbanding five years later in 1993.

## Band members

* Paul Lee – vocalist, lyricist 1988-1993 (Saint James Infirmary)
* Pete Zetterberg – (Stone Grove, Black Tooth Mountain) guitar 1988
* Mikey Mischief – drums 1989-1990 (Fifteen)
* Charles Goshert – guitar 1989-1992 (Poultry Magic)
* Mike Talbot – bass 1989 (Delightful Little Nothings)
* Todd Sweatfield – bass 1989
* Skot Pelkey – drums 1989-1991 (Uranium 9-Volt)
* Paul Curran – bass 1989-1990 (Crimpshrine)
* Bill Schneider – bass 1990-1993 (Pinhead Gunpowder)
* Jeffrey Stofan – drums 1991-1993 (Fuel)
* Jason White – guitar 1992-1993 (Pinhead Gunpowder, Green Day, Foxboro Hot Tubs, The Network)
* Lance Hahn – guitar 1992-1993 (Cringer, J Church)

## Discography

* If you can see through it, it ain't coffee a four-song 7" compilation released in 1990 on Very Small Records also featuring Filth, Fuel and Thumper with one song contributed by each band.
* nickel e.p. a four-song 7" released on Lookout! Records No. 27, 1990. With insert artwork by Aaron Cometbus.
* Structure an LP released on Lookout! Records No. 38, 1991.
* Sanitized an LP released on Lookout! Records No. 55, 1992.

## Sources

* monsula
* Remember Monsula?
* The Green Day Authority
* Aaron Cometbus interviewed on WFMU
* This article on a United States rock music band is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano

Virginio Orsini (11 September 1572 – 9 September 1615) was the second Duke of Bracciano, member of the Orsini family and knight of the order of the Golden Fleece.
He was the son of Paolo Giordano I Orsini and Isabella de' Medici, and inherited his father's titles and fiefs after his death in 1585. In 1589 he married Flavia Peretti, a niece of Pope Sixtus V, by whom he had 12 children. His son Paolo Giordano became a prince of the Holy Roman Empire through his marriage with Isabella Appiani, princess of Piombino.
Virginio Orsini was a supporter of the Earl of Essex and visited the English court for the Christmas revels in December 1600. He was entertained by Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and the play opens with the character of Duke Orsino saying the famous line "If music be the food of love, play on." Queen Elizabeth danced a galliard for him to show the "vigour of her old age".
He died in Rome in 1615.

## Issue

By his wife, Flavia Damasceni Peretti, he had twelve children, eight sons and four daughters:
* Paolo Giordano II (1591 – 24 May 1656). Duke after his father. He married Isabella Appiani, Ruler Princess of Piombino, and became a Prince of Holy Roman Empire.
* Alessandro (1592 – 22 August 1626). Cardinal.
* Isabella (1597–1623). She married Cesare II Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla.
* Maria Felicia (12 November 1600 – 5 June 1666). She married Henri II, Duke of Montmorency.
* Camilla (29 July 1603 – ?). She married Marcantonio II Borghese, Prince of Sulmona. After he died, she became a nun.
* Ferdinando (? – 4 March 1660). Duke after his brother.
* Cosimo. Military.
* Virginio. Disgraced Carmelite.
* Francesco. Jesuit.
* Carlo. Died young.
* Raimondo. Died young.
* Stillborn daughter (14 September 1606). Her mother died in childbirth.
# ANTILLAS I

ANTILLAS I is a fiber optic submarine communications cable that extends between the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. It has been in service since June 1997 and is operated on a common carrier basis.
ANTILLAS I uses digital channels operating at 64 kilobits per second (kbit/s) that allow over 15,000 simultaneous calls without multiplexing. It consists of six working optical fiber pairs with each fiber pair carrying four 155 Mbit/s Basic System Modules (BSMs), with each BSM containing sixty-three Minimum Investment Units (MIUs), for a total capacity, on each fiber pair, of 252 MIUs.

## Carriers

* AT&T Corporation (AT&T)
* GTE Hawaiian Telephone Company Incorporated (HTC)
* IDB WorldCom Services (WorldCom)
* International Telecommunications Corporation (ITC)
* MCI International
* Pacific Gateway Exchange (PGE)
* Sprint Nextel Corporation (Sprint)
* Telecomunicaciones Ultramarinas de Puerto Rico (TUPR or ULTRACOM)
* Telefónica International Wholesale Services (TIWS)
* The St. Thomas and San Juan Telephone Company (STSJ)

## Landing points

ANTILLAS I cable landing points include:
* Cacique, Dominican Republic
* Isla Verde, Carolina, Puerto Rico
* Miramar, San Juan, Puerto Rico
* Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
# Xerxes of Sophene

Xerxes (Ancient Greek: Ξέρξης; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠) was king of Sophene and Commagene from 228 BC to 212 BC. He was the son and successor of Arsames I.

## Name

Xérxēs (Ξέρξης) is the Greek and Latin (Xerxes, Xerses) transliteration of the Old Iranian Xšaya-ṛšā ("ruling over heroes"), a popular name amongst the rulers of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

## Reign

Xerxes belonged to the Orontid dynasty of Iranian and Armenian origin. His father was Arsames I, who ruled Sophene, Commagene and possibly Armenia. Xerxes succeeded his father as the ruler of Sophene and Commagene in 228 BC, while his brother Orontes IV ruled Armenia. In 223 BC, several Seleucid satraps rebelled against King Antiochus III, including Artabazanes (Upper Media), Molon (Lower Media), Alexander (Persis), and Achaeus (Asia Minor). By 220 BC Antiochus had put down most of the rebellions; however, Achaeus was not defeated until 213 BC.
These rebellions help explain Antiochus' subsequent aggressive policy toward his satrap Xerxes. By 212 BC, Antiochus III had invaded the domain of Xerxes and defeated him after laying siege to the city of Arsamosata. Shortly afterwards Antiochus III arranged for Xerxes to marry his sister, Antiochis. However, within the same year she arranged to have her new husband assassinated, thinking that her brother would then be able to take control of Sophene. Whether Xerxes still ruled Commagene by the time of his assassination is not known.