OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grafton Common Historic District

The Grafton Common Historic District encompasses the historic village center of Grafton, Massachusetts. The center consists of a number of buildings arrayed around a roughly oval common, which were mostly built in the middle of the 19th century. Later development was significantly reduced because the area was bypassed by the railroads. The common was laid out in 1728, when the area was first settled by colonists, and is enclosed by an 1845 fence built out of granite posts and wooden rails. Prominent buildings surrounding the common include the 1863 Italianate Unitarian Church, the 1833 Greek Revival Congregational Church, and the 1805 Federal style Grafton Inn.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Diane Gashumba

Diane Gashumba is a Rwandan pediatrician, medical administrator, politician, diplomat and Rwandan Ambassador-designate to the Kingdom of Sweden since June 12, 2021. She served as Minister of Health in the cabinet of Prime Minister Edouard Ngirente. She was appointed to that position on 4 October 2016.
Before that, from 26 March 2016 until 4 October 2016, Gashumba served as the Cabinet Minister of Gender and Family Promotion in the cabinet of Prime Minister Anastase Murekezi.

## Background and education

Gashumba holds a Doctor of Medicine (MD) and a Master of Medicine (MMed), specializing in Pediatrics.

## Career

According to the website of the Rwandan ministry of health, Gashumba had been practicing medicine for 17 years as of 2016. For a period of three years she served as the medical director of Kibagabaga Hospital and Muhima Hospitals. Between 2010 and 2016, she worked with a USAID-funded child and maternal health project as "Senior Team Leader" for quality and as "Deputy Chief of Party" The $57.3 million project covered 23 of Rwanda's 30 districts.
Since 2018, Gashumba has been serving on the joint World Bank/WHO Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB), co-chaired by Elhadj As Sy and Gro Harlem Brundtland.

## Other activities

* RBM Partnership to End Malaria, Member of the Board (since 2019)
# Thomas T. Riley

Thomas Thomas Riley was the United States Ambassador to Morocco for 5 years. He was sworn in on December 21, 2003, and arrived at his post in January 2004. King Mohammed VI awarded Ambassador Riley the "Grand Croix du Ordre du Ouissam El Alaouite" (Grand Cross of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite). In January 2009 following the inauguration of a new President, all Ambassadors automatically tender their resignations. Ambassador Riley was selected as the recipient of the State Department's 2009 Sue M. Cobb Award for Exemplary Diplomatic Service, the only award given by the State Department to a political-appointee Ambassador. Thomas Riley was Senior VP and Managing Director International for Savvis, Inc. until 2011. He then joined BrightSource Energy, an Oakland, California-based global provider of utility scale solar technology, as senior adviser for International business development.

## Early life

Riley was born in San Mateo, California. After receiving his BS in Industrial Engineering from Stanford University, he worked as an engineer at Boeing for one year. Riley then attended Harvard Business School where he received his MBA, and then went on to work at TRW Mission in London and Paris.
He returned to the US after 4 years and cofounded a company selling construction equipment to East Africa (Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti, Sudan). In 1984, he began an almost 20-year career in Silicon Valley, as Product Manager for an advanced electric utility meter at Robinton Products; as president of Unity Systems, manufacturer of an automated home and building control system; as founder and president of Web State, an online training company; and as president of ActivePhoto, an online digital image service.
Riley is the holder of United States Patent 5303767 for an energy management system.
Riley is married to Nancy Vieira da Rosa Riley, a former tax attorney and author of the children's book "Moroccan Mystery".
# Wali Khan Amin Shah

Wali Khan Amin Shah (Arabic: والي خان أمين شاه) (also known as Osama Turkestani, Osama Azmurai, and Grabi Ibrahim Hahsen) is a Saudi man who fought with the Afghan Arabs in Afghanistan, and called for the jihad movement to focus on attacking the United States. He had a role in the foiled Bojinka plot. He was convicted of terrorism and imprisoned on these charges from 1995 to 2021.

## Background

Shah was born in Turkestan (now Uzbekistan), having fled with his family to escape the Soviet invasion and settled in Saudi Arabia where he was a stateless person. Shah says he was sent by the Saudi government to fight in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

## Attack on Philippines

Shah bombed the Greenbelt Theatre in Manila on December 1, injuring several people. In January 1995, Shah traveled from Pakistan to Manila via Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to rendezvous with Ramzi Yousef.

## Capture and re-capture

The Bojinka plot was discovered by police on January 6, 1995. He was arrested by Manila police at an apartment on Singalong Street, which Yousef had set up in case the plot failed, on January 11, but he escaped police custody roughly 77 hours later. After obtaining a fraudulent passport bearing the name Osama Turkestani, he lived on the nearby island of Langkawi until his December 1995 re-arrest in Malaysia. After the re-arrest, he was handed over to United States authorities.
Khan's capture was initially a closely guarded secret, but ABC News correspondent John Miller revealed the news of his arrest during a 1998 interview with Osama bin Laden at an al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan. FBI Special Agent John P. O'Neill was initially suspected of leaking the information to his friend Christopher Isham and was nearly indicted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald, but ABC denied that O'Neill was the source of the information.
Shah was reported to have made an unsuccessful escape attempt from the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Manhattan.
Shah was sentenced to 30 years in federal prison having spent his first 14 years in solitary confinement under very severe conditions due to Special Administrative Measures (SAMs) in ADX Florence, and was later transferred to the Communication Management Unit (CMU) a little less severe in Marion, Illinois.
Shah cooperated with the United States Government since August 1998. Shah, Federal Bureau of Prisons # 42799-054, previously incarcerated at Marion USP, was held at FCI Terre Haute. He was released on September 3, 2021. Since he is a stateless person, Shah will likely remain detained throughout lengthy deportation proceedings, although after six months of detention, the burden shifts to the US government to prove that his removal is possible in the reasonably foreseeable future.
# Midori-ku, Nagoya

Midori-ku (緑区, Midori-ku) is one of the 16 wards of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the ward had an estimated population of 247,475 and a population density of 6,528 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 37.91 km$^2$. It is the largest of the wards of Nagoya in terms of population.

## Geography

Midori Ward is the southeast portion of the city of Nagoya.

### Surrounding municipalities

* Tenpaku Ward
* Minami Ward
* Tōkai
* Ōbu
* Nisshin
* Toyoake
* Tōgō

## History

The area of what is now Midori Ward was the site of the Battle of Okehazama during the Sengoku period, between the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Imagawa clan. All of what is now Midori Ward was part of the holdings of Owari Domain during the Edo period. The Tōkaidō post town of Narumi-juku prospered under the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration, the area was organized into villages under Aichi District or northern Chita District within Aichi Prefecture. Narumi became a town in 1889, followed by Arimatsu in 1890 and Odaka in 1895. Efforts to merge these towns with the neighboring city of Nagoya began in 1953 and 1955, but were virulently opposed by the local residents, resulting recall motions for town mayors, and eventually violent riots. On April 1, 1963, after a third referendum, Narumi was annexed by Nagoya, becoming the new ward of Midori. Narumi was followed by Odaka and a portion of Arimatsu on December 1, 1964, with each of the former towns retaining its own local sub-ward office and considerable local autonomy. These sub-ward offices were amalgamated into a new Midori Ward office on January 21, 1974; however, the sub-wards were retained as local administrative divisions until 2007. With the opening of the Nagoya Municipal Subway’s Sakura-dōri Line, the population of the ward increased, and surpassed Nakagawa Ward in 2004 to become the most populous ward in Nagoya. A new ward office was opened on May 6, 2010.

## Transportation
### Railroads

* Central Japan Railway Company - Tōkaidō Main Line
** Minami-Ōdaka - Ōdaka
* Meitetsu - Nagoya Main Line
** Chūkyō-keibajō-mae - Arimatsu - Sakyōyama - Narumi
* Nagoya Municipal Subway - Sakura-dōri Line
** Aioiyama - Kamisawa - Tokushige

### Highways

* Nagoya Expressway - Route 3
* Isewangan Expressway
* Mei-Nikan Expressway
* Chitahantō Road
* Japan National Route 1
* Japan National Route 23
* Japan National Route 247
* Japan National Route 302
* Japan National Route 366

## Local attractions

* Narumi-juku
* ruins of Narumi Castle
* ruins of Odaka Castle

## Gallery

* Midori Ward Office
* Yumeria Tokushige (Midori Ward Office Tokushige Branch)
* Present-day Narumi-juku
* Arimatsu-Temman-sha Autumn Festival
* Old Battlefield of Okehazama
* Hikami-Anego-Jinja Shrine
* Takinomizu Park
* Dinosaur Park in Odaka Ryokuchi
* HILL'S WALK Tokusige Gardens
* Narumi Water Distribution Station

## Noted people from Midori-ku, Nagoya

* Shintarō Tokita – musician
* Junichi Komoto – comedian (lived here when he was an infant. However, he later resided in Okayama city)
* Hitomi Sato – actress
# Arnaud Martinez

Arnaud Martinez (born 24 February 1976) is a French former rugby union international.
Martinez, a prop from Cuxac-d'Aude in southern France, played his club rugby for RC Narbonne. He was a member of the RC Narbonne team which lost the 2000–01 European Challenge Cup final to Harlequins.
Capped twice for France, Martinez debuted on the 2002 tour of Australia, where he played in the first of two Tests, at Docklands Stadium in Melbourne. His only other Test appearance came against Canada in Toronto in 2004.
# Bristersburg Historic District

Bristersburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Bristersburg, Fauquier County, Virginia. It encompasses 19 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 1 contributing structure, and 1 contributing object in the rural crossroads of Bristersburg. They include three dwellings, a church, a school, and three stores. Notable buildings include the Tulloss Brothers Store (c. 1838), Zoar Baptist Church (1852), Bristone House (c. 1912), Compton’s Store (c. 1905), Eskridge House (c. 1850, c. 1890), The Bristersburg School (1910) and Payne's Store (c. 1880).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# 2023 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo – Doubles

Two-time defending champion Kimberley Zimmermann and her partner, Yana Sizikova, defeated Angelica Moratelli and Camilla Rosatello in the final.
They won 6–2, 6–4, respectively to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Internazionali Femminili di Palermo. It was Zimmermann's third consecutive doubles title in Palermo, all won with different partners.
Anna Bondár and Zimmermann were the reigning champions, but Bondár chose to compete in Budapest instead.

## Seeds

The top seed received a bye into the quarterfinals.
* Yana Sizikova / Kimberley Zimmermann (champions)
* Ingrid Neel / Wu Fang-hsien (first round)
* Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs (semifinals)
* Andrea Gámiz / Eva Vedder (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | | 1 | Y Sizikova K Zimmermann | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | N Brancaccio G Pedone | 5 | 6$^2$ | | | D Spiteri A Zantedeschi | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | D Spiteri A Zantedeschi | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | 1 | Y Sizikova K Zimmermann | 7$^9$ | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | C Bucșa B Schoofs | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | 3 | C Bucșa B Schoofs | 6$^7$ | 2 | | | | |
| | E Appleton J Lohoff | 3 | 6$^3$ | | 3 | C Bucșa B Schoofs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | Q Gleason E Lechemia | 6 | 6 | | | Q Gleason E Lechemia | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Lizarazo MP Pérez García | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Y Sizikova K Zimmermann | 6 | 6 |
| | N Abduraimova S Lansere | 5 | 7$^7$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | | A Moratelli C Rosatello | 2 | 4 |
| | D Chiesa M Colmegna | 7 | 6$^5$ | [9] | | N Abduraimova S Lansere | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | S Errani J Paolini | 6 | 6 | | | S Errani J Paolini | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | A Gámiz E Vedder | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | S Errani J Paolini | 2 | 1 | | | | |
| | A Moratelli C Rosatello | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | A Moratelli C Rosatello | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | L Bronzetti Ç Büyükakçay | 4 | 2 | | | A Moratelli C Rosatello | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | A Anshba A Dețiuc | 6 | 4 | [11] | | A Anshba A Dețiuc | 3 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | I Neel F-h Wu | 2 | 6 | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters

The Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters is a historic district on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Established from 1926 through the 1930s, the district includes examples of rustic architecture as applied to employee residences, administrative facilities and service structures.

## History

The North Rim experienced very little development until 1926, in part due to the intervention of Senator Ralph Cameron, who held commercial interests in the park area prior to its establishment, and who prevented funding of North Rim improvements.
Starting in 1926, the first structures included the Ranger Residence and the accompanying wood shed and horse barn. Additional structures were added during the late 1920s and 1930s, including various equipment storage areas, warehouses, and residences. The last structure to be constructed as part of the North Rim Headquarters was an equipment shed in 1936.
Over the years, the use of these buildings has changed considerably, however, in most instances, these changes do not affect the exterior of the structure. The most significant architectural qualities are limited to the exterior facades, the fireplace in Residence No. 102, and to the wrought iron door hinges on several of the maintenance buildings.

## Description

The district comprises two sections, each with residences. The eastern portion includes a garage and a ranger station, while the western group includes an office, a barn and maintenance buildings.
The oldest structure, a residence, is a one-story gable-roofed structure, built in frame on a stone foundation with lap siding in 1926. Other houses, sheds and a dormitory were built in 1931. The dormitory is particularly notable for its expression of the rustic style. A ranger station, also known as the old administration building, was built in 1931 and moved in the mid-1930s, but was destroyed by fire on March 5, 1982.
Other buildings include a machine shop (1932), gas and oil station (1933) and a variety of residences.

## Historic designation

The Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 2, 1982.
# John Omagino

John Odiri Ogund Omagino is a thoracic and cardiac surgeon in Uganda. He is the executive director of the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI). He is also a member of the board of directors of UHI.

## Background and education

He was born in Uganda, circa 1970. After attending Ugandan schools for his elementary and secondary education, he was admitted to Makerere University, where he studied human medicine. In 1985, he graduated from Makerere University School of Medicine, with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB). He followed that with a Master of Medicine (MMed) degree in Surgery, in 1992. He is also a Fellow of the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA). In 1995 he underwent training in Cardio-thoracic Surgery at the International Heart School in Bergamo, Italy.
# Coker Butte

Coker Butte is a summit in the U.S. state of Oregon. The elevation is 1,667 feet (508 m).
Coker Butte was named after one C. W. Coker.
# Mount Balchen (Alaska)

Mount Balchen is an 11,205-foot-elevation (3,415-meter) mountain summit in Alaska, United States.

## Description

Mount Balchen is a glaciated mountain located on the crest of the eastern Alaska Range. It is the ninth-highest peak in the Hayes Range which is a subrange of the Alaska Range. This remote peak is situated 4.4 miles (7.1 km) west of Mount Hayes and 85 miles (137 km) south-southeast of Fairbanks. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into tributaries of the Tanana River and south to the Susitna River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,700 feet (1,128 m) above the Hayes Glacier in 0.65 mile (1 km). The first ascent of the summit was made on April 30, 1974, by Dusan Jagersky and William Q. Sumner via the east ridge.

## Etymology

The mountain is named for Bernt Balchen (1899–1973), United States Air Force, Arctic explorer and aviator. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1974 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. There is a Mount Balchen in Antarctica which is also named after him.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Balchen is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. This climate supports the Hayes, Gillam, and Susitna Glaciers surrounding this peak. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.

## Gallery

* The Hayes Range. L→R: Mt. Balchen, Mt. Hayes, Moby Dick, Mt. Shand
* South aspect of Mount Balchen centered. Mt. Giddings to left, Mt. Skarland to right, and part of Mt. Geist behind Balchen.
* Bernt Balchen
# 2-Ethylhexanol

2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH$_3$CH$_2$CH$_2$CH$_2$CH(CH$_2$CH$_3$)CH$_2$OH. It is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a large scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers. It is encountered in plants, fruits, and wines. The odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.

## Properties and applications

The branching in 2-ethylhexanol inhibits crystallization. Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected, which together with low volatility, is the basis of applications in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points. Because 2-ethylhexanol is a fatty alcohol, its esters have emollient properties. Representative is the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), commonly used in PVC. The triester tris (2-Ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) is another common plasticizer produced via the esterification of three 2-ethylhexanol per trimellitic acid.
It is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent. The nitrate ester of 2-Ethylhexanol is also used as a cetane improver for diesel fuel. It also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether which is then used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications. It can be used in the development of photos, production of rubber and extraction of oil and gas.

## Industrial production

2-Ethylhexanol is produced industrially by the hydrogenation 2-ethylhexanal. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually.

## Health effects

2-Ethylhexanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat). 2-Ethylhexanol has been identified as a cause of indoor air quality related health problems, such as respiratory system irritation, as a volatile organic compound. 2-Ethylhexanol is emitted to air from a PVC flooring installed on concrete that had not been dried properly.
2-Ethylhexanol has been linked to developmental toxicity (increased incidence of skeletal malformations in fetuses). This is thought to be a result of metabolism of 2-ethylhexanol into 2-ethylhexanoic acid via oxidation of the primary alcohol. The teratogenicity of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, as well as similar substances such as valproic acid, has been well established.

## Nomenclature

Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol. The Chemical Abstracts Service likewise indexes isooctanol (CAS# 26952-21-6) as 6-methylheptan-1-ol.
# Deena Weinstein

Deena Weinstein (born March 15, 1943) is a professor of sociology at DePaul University whose research focuses on popular culture. She is particularly well known for her research on heavy metal culture, on which subject she wrote a book, Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology (1991), later published in a revised and updated version as Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture (2009).

## Career

Weinstein holds a PhD from Purdue University. Her 1991 book Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology "describes the heavy metal music culture, explains why it has prompted demands for censorship, and argues that the music deserves tolerance and respect." She argues that heavy metal has outlasted many other rock genres largely due to the emergence of an intense, exclusionary, strongly masculine subculture. A review of the book calls it:
   A reasonable summary of most academic study so far, which indulges heavy metal as an extreme offshoot of rock in which rebellion is the prime goal and the fundamental ceremony is the live concert. These failings aside, there is very perceptive research here on the origins of heavy metal and the personalities within its culture. The latter is most informative of all aspects in this book and is Weinstein's strength as a writer.
The Chicago Sun-Times called the book the definitive study of heavy metal culture, saying that it "does for metal what Greil Marcus's Lipstick Traces did for the Sex Pistols."
Weinstein was interviewed in the 2005 documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey and the later Metal Evolution.
# Auguste Vos

Auguste Vos (born 3 February 1902, date of death unknown) was a Belgian athlete who competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Vos competed in the men's shot put at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
Vos finished third behind József Daranyi in the shot put event at the 1929 AAA Championships.
# Noel Hasa

Noel Hasa (born 6 February 2003) is a Finnish professional football player who plays as a midfielder for Veikkausliiga side Ilves.

## Club career

Hasa is a product of the Ilves youth academy.
On 31 October 2023, Ilves announced that they had signed a new contract with Hasa on a deal until the end of 2025, with an option for an additional year.

## Honours

Ilves
* Finnish Cup: 2023