OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza

Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza is an important case in human rights law in England and Wales due to its interpretation of primary legislation under section 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998. It was also considered an important family law case. The final appeal of the case was heard on 21 June 2004 and established that the definition of "spouse" in the Rent Act 1977 had to be interpreted to include couples in same-sex relationships in order to comply with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The case is notable because the judges overturned their own earlier decision in Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd, a near identical case where there was no human rights implication.

## Background

Juan Godin-Mendoza had shared a flat with his partner Hugh Wallwyn-James since 1983. The flat was held by Wallwyn-James under a statutory tenancy which, under the terms of the Rent Act, would pass automatically to a spouse or partner in the event of his death. Following Wallwyn-James's death in 2001, the landlord, Ahmad Ghaidan, claimed possession of the flat.

## Legal case

The case was first heard at the County Court where the judge held that a same-sex relationship did not meet the definition of a spousal relationship and granted possession of the flat to the landlord. At the Court of Appeal it was held that the Human Rights Act 1998 required the court to interpret the Rent Act in such a way as to make it compatible with the Human Rights Act and the European Convention on Human Rights. Referencing Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights the court determined that Godin-Mendoza was being discriminated against in comparison to a heterosexual couple and, as such, the Rent Act definition of "spouse" should be interpreted to apply also to same-sex couples.
The landlord was granted leave to appeal to the House of Lords.The appeal was heard by Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, Lord Steyn, Lord Millett, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry and Baroness Hale of Richmond who confirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal.
The case established the precedent that section 3 of the Human Rights Act allows the court to "read in words" that change the meaning of primary legislation to make it compatible as long it is "compatible with the underlying thrust of the legislation being construed."
# Gonatocerus ashmeadi

Gonatocerus ashmeadi is a species of fairyfly. Its natural range is Florida, Louisiana, northeastern Mexico, Mississippi, North Carolina, eastern Texas, and southern and central California.
It is used to control the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
# Anna Senior

Anna Senior OAM (born 1941) is an Australian retired costume designer. She was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Costume Design for the film My Brilliant Career (1979).

## Selected filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| 1977 | The Getting of Wisdom | Bruce Beresford | |
| 1978 | Weekend of Shadows | Tom Jeffrey | |
| 1978 | The Night the Prowler | Jim Sharman | Also known as Patrick White's The Night the Prowler |
| 1978 | Money Movers | Bruce Beresford | |
| 1979 | The Odd Angry Shot | Tom Jeffrey | |
| 1979 | My Brilliant Career | Gillian Armstrong | |
| 1979 | The Journalist | Michael Thornhill | |
| 1980 | Breaker Morant | Bruce Beresford | Wardrobe designer |
| 1980 | Maybe This Time | Chris McGill | Also stylized as ...Maybe This Time |
| 1983 | Phar Lap | Simon Wincer | Also known as Phar Lap: Heart of a Nation |
| 1985 | Robbery Under Arms | Donald Crombie Ken Hannam | Also released in a longer television version |
| 1987 | Les Patterson Saves the World | George T. Miller | |
| 1998 | Hurrah | Frank Shields | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1982 | Sara Dane | 8 episodes |
| 1983 | For the Term of His Natural Life | 3 episodes |
| 1983 | Under Capricorn | 2 episodes |
| 1984 | The Fire in the Stone | Television film |
| 1985 | Archer | Television film |
| 1986–1987 | The Challenge | Unknown episodes |
| 1988 | The First Kangaroos | Television film |
| 1988 | Dadah Is Death | Television film |
| 1990 | Flair | 2 episodes |
| 1990 | Jackaroo | 2 episodes |
| 1992 | The Other Side of Paradise | 4 episodes |

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Year | Category | Work | Result |
| AACTA Awards | 1978 | Best Achievement in Costume Design | The Getting of Wisdom | Nominated |
| AACTA Awards | 1979 | Best Achievement in Costume Design | My Brilliant Career | Won |
| AACTA Awards | 1980 | Best Achievement in Costume Design | Breaker Morant | Won |
| AACTA Awards | 1983 | Best Achievement in Costume Design | Phar Lap | Nominated |
| Academy Awards | 1980 | Best Costume Design | My Brilliant Career | Nominated |

## Other honors

Senior was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 2022 Queen's Birthday Honours for service to the visual arts through costume design.
# Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao

Charles Guillaume Marie Appollinaire Antoine Cousin-Montauban, 1er Comte de Palikao (French:; 24 June 1796 – 8 January 1878) was a French general and statesman.

## Biography

Montauban was born in Paris. As a cavalry officer he saw much service in Algeria, but he was still only a colonel when in 1847 he effected the capture of Abdel Kadir. Between January 1855 and November 1857, Montauban commanded the Division of Oran in western Algeria. In 1855 he was sent to fight in the Crimea. He was appointed in 1858 to a command at home, and at the close of 1859 was selected to lead the French troops in the Anglo-French expedition to China. His conduct of the operations did not escape criticism, but in 1862 he received from Napoleon III, the title of comte de Palikao (from the Battle of Palikao); he had already been made a senator. The allegation that he had acquired a vast fortune by the plunder of the Old Summer Palace in Peking seems to have been without foundation.
In 1865 he was appointed to the command of the IV army corps at Lyon, in the training of which he displayed exceptional energy and administrative capacity. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 he was not given a command in the field, but after the opening disasters had shaken the Ollivier ministry he was entrusted by the empress-regent with the portfolio of war, and became president of the council (10 August). He at once, with great success, reorganized the military resources of the nation. He claimed to have raised Marshal MacMahon's force at Châlons to 140,000 men, to have created three new army corps, 33 new regiments and 100,000 gardes mobiles, and to have brought the defences of the capital to a state of efficiency – all this in 24 days. He conceived the idea of sending the Army of Châlons to raise the blockade of Metz. The scheme depended on a precision and rapidity of which the Army of Châlons was no longer capable, and ended with the disaster of Sedan. After the capitulation of the emperor the dictatorship was offered to Palikao, but he refused to desert the empire, and proposed to establish a council of national defence, with himself as lieutenant-general of government. Before a decision was made, the chamber was invaded by the mob, and Palikao fled to Belgium.
In 1871 he appeared before the parliamentary commission of inquiry, and in the same year established Un Ministre de la guerre de vingt-quatre jours. He died at Versailles.
# Discovery Channel (Danish TV channel)

Discovery Channel (often referred to as simply Discovery) is a Danish television channel.
The Discovery Channel has been available to Danish viewers since 1989, but started becoming increasingly localised during the 2000s. For example, they have increasingly started broadcasting programmes in Danish.
Since TNS Gallup started measuring viewing for the channel in 2002, the channel has continuously held a 1.3 percent share of all viewing.
The channel is available from most cable networks, including YouSee. On satellite it is available from Canal Digital. On 1 February 2009 it started broadcasting terrestrially via Boxer's transmitters.
Discovery Channel Denmark started using the new version of the Discovery Channel logo on 31 March 2009.
Other channels from Discovery available in Denmark are Animal Planet, Discovery Travel & Living, Discovery Science, Discovery World, Discovery HD and Animal Planet HD.
# Andrew Kisilu

Andrew Ngati Kisilu is a Kenyan winger currently in the ranks of Kenyan Premier League side Nairobi City Stars.

## Career

Kisilu formerly turned out for Sunrise Football Academy, an establishment he served for a few years from 2014. While at the facility, he earned a call to the Kenya U-17 team.
In the 2021 season, he turned out for Kenyan second-tier side Dandora Love before joining Nairobi City Stars in late 2022.
He made his Kenyan topflight bow on 11 December 2022 at the Thika Stadium against Posta Rangers F.C., and went on to score his maiden league goal on 14 January 2023 against sofapaka F.C. in Kasarani.
# Stenocereus beneckei

Stenocereus beneckei is a species of cactus in the genus Stenocereus, endemic to Mexico.

## Description

Stenocereus beneckei is a shrub-like cactus with upright or slightly curved shoots, growing 1–2 meters tall. The light to gray-green shoots often appear whitish, with a diameter of 5–7 cm. They feature 6–9 widely spaced ribs divided into large, blunt cusps. The plant has a single stiff, blackish central spine up to 4 cm long, and 2–5 grayish marginal spines up to 1.7 cm long.
Flowers bloom near the shoot tips, opening at night and remaining open into the next day. They are brownish on the outside, white on the inside, and measure 6.5–8 cm long. The ellipsoid fruits are tuberous, initially green, turning red as they mature, and measure up to 5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, with colorless flesh.

## Distribution

This species is native to deciduous forests in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla, and México, growing on rocky cliffs at altitudes of 1200 to 1400 meters.

## Taxonomy

First described as Cereus beneckei in 1844 by Carl August Ehrenberg, the species was later reclassified as Stenocereus beneckei by Franz Buxbaum in 1961. The specific epithet honors Stephan Benecke, a Berlin-born trader and German consul in Mexico who founded the Camara Nacional de Comercio in 1875.
# Trần Duy Long

Trần Duy Long (born 1941) is a Vietnamese football manager and former footballer who last managed Vietnam.

## Career

In 1973, Tran Duy Long returned to Vietnam and became the coach of Tong Cuc Duong Sat, contributing greatly to promoting the team from the Second Division to the First Division. In 1980, he moved to Ho Chi Minh City to work as a coach at the Professional Talent School and then worked at the Ho Chi Minh City Football Federation.
In 1994, he was appointed as the acting head coach of the Vietnam national football team. In 1995, he served as the assistant coach of the national team participating in the 1995 SEA Games, winning a silver medal. In 1996, also as the assistant coach, he and the national team won a bronze medal in the Tiger Cup.
In 1997, he was the head coach of the national team for the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification in Asia, but was dismissed by the VFF after 5 consecutive losses. In 2008, he was elected as the President of the Ho Chi Minh City Football Federation (term 2008-2012), replacing Mr. Le Hung Dung.
# Variations for Orchestra (Cowell)

Henry Cowell wrote his Variations for Orchestra, HC 833, in 1956.

## History

Henry Cowell was commissioned for an orchestral composition by Thor Johnson and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. It was completed in August 1956 and subsequently revised for conductor Leopold Stokowski, before he conducted it in Houston in 1959. It was written during Cowell's final musical period in Woodstock, New York, having accepted too many commissions at the time because of his constant anxiety about not receiving an adequate income.

## Composition

The piece, structured in five movements, uses a serialist tone row as its theme, one of the few Cowell compositions to do so. Cowell said of the theme that, though it makes use of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale, it is not developed according to the typical row technique; that it is "diatonic without following any particular mode". The harmonic language ranges freely from simple triads to large tone clusters and polychords — an evolution of the tone clusters he utilized earlier in his career.
Cowell writes as a performance note in the original manuscript:
   The Variations are upon a theme, first announced in unison, which makes use of all 12 tones, but is not developed according to row technique. Neither is it in convention [sic] variations form; rather ideas from the theme are freely used and contrasted in mood, tempo and instrumentation. During the variations, each sort of instrument in the orchestra has a solo part, and each section plays as a unit alone.
# Prayoon Pamornmontri

Lieutenant General Prayoon Pamornmontri (Thai: ประยูร ภมรมนตรี) was a Thai soldier, politician, and member of Khana Ratsadon (People's Party). He participated in the Siamese Revolution of 1932 to promote democracy by overthrowing the absolute monarchy.

## Biography

Prayoon Thai father was Major Yam Pamornmontri; his mother was a physician, Annelie Pamornmontri (nee. Feuer). His mother also taught German to many Siamese cadets in the German Empire at the time, many of whom later became members of the Khana Ratsadon.
Prayoon, as a child, served as a royal page to King Vajiravudh (Rama VI). When he grew up, he was appointed a royal guard. He resigned to study political science in Paris. While in Europe he traveled from Switzerland to Lyon to meet with fellow Siamese student, Khuang Aphaiwong. Khuang introduced him to Pridi Banomyong, the Paris-based leader of Siamese students in French.
In Paris, Pridi and Prayoon often spent their free time meeting in cafés or strolling the streets of Paris, talking about politics and the situation in Siam. This led to the creation of Khana Ratsadon, with Prayoon and Pridi as the first two members.
The first official meeting of Khana Ratsadon was held at rental no.9, Rue Du Sommerard on 5 February 1927, Prayoon's 30th birthday. His role in Khana Ratsadon was to contact and coordinate with other members.
After absolute monarchy was overthrown in Siam, he was appointed Minister of Education in the administration of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram, the Prime Minister. After World War II, he was appointed Minister of Public Health (1954–1957). In the military, he founded the Volunteer Defense Corps (VDC) and ascended to the rank of lieutenant general.
He was elected as an MP for Chiang Mai as a member of the Seri Manangkasila Party in the February 1957 Thai general election.
Prayoon's eldest daughter Yaowapa Pamornmontri married to Sombud Tuchinda with five children. His youngest son is actor, singer, and politician Yuranunt "Sam" Pamornmontri.
Prayoon Pamornmontri died on 12 August 1982, aged 85, in a crash on a Bangkok city bus at Ratchaprasong Intersection.

## Honours and awards
### Civil Service of Siam rank

* Prefect of The Secretariat of The Cabinet of Siam (Thai: รองอำมาตย์เอก)
# Italian Group for Research on Hardy Orchid

The G.I.R.O.S. Italian Group for Research on Hardy Orchids (Gruppo Italiano per la Ricerca sulle Orchidee Spontanee), is an Italian naturalistic association of social promotion (non-profit) founded in 1994 by Italian naturalist Paolo Liverani, who died in 2005, and other naturalists of Tuscany and Emilia Romagna.

## Objectives

The GIROS promotes the knowledge, study and protection of Italian hardy orchids and is part of the European Orchid Council (EOC). Distributed throughout the Italian national territory, it is divided into sections. It organizes excursions, conventions, conferences and photographic exhibitions.

## Magazine

The GIROS publishes the quarterly magazine GIROS News with color photos, information on the activities of the association and its sections, articles on botanical reports, popular science, literature reviews and national and international specialist literature. The first twenty-two issues of the magazine (1995–2003) are available online, only the cover and the index for the subsequent issues.

## Sections

* Sezione Alta Toscana (Apuane, Versilia, Lunigiana, Garfagnana)
* Sezione Calabra Reggina
* Sezione Calabra Silana
* Sezione Colli Berici
* Sezione Etruria Meridionale (Viterbo)
* Sezione Fiorentina
* Sezione Livornese
* Sezione Lucana
* Sezione Monte Baldo
* Sezione Murgiana
* Sezione Pratese
* Sezione Sardegna Centrale
* Sezione Sicilia Centrale
* Sezione Tarantina
* Sezione Tridentina
* Sezione Tyrrhena
* Sezione Umbria
* Sezione Vallo di Diano - Cilento (Salerno)
* Sezione Salento

## Publications

In 2009, the G.I.R.O.S. has published a monograph on the Italian hardy orchids. The book was produced by the experts group, which includes the major Italian specialists in this fascinating group of plants. It is the first monograph on the Italian orchids updated to the latest molecular and taxonomy research. Specific introductory chapters are devoted to morphology, biology, systematics and taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and protection. The main body of the book contains cards of all 29 genres and all 189 species and subspecies known to the Italian country. The more complex types are also described in a dichotomous key. Each species is described with a card with detailed information on the distribution, the flowering period, a detailed description of the morphological and biology, and many images that illustrate both the whole plant, and the details, both the color variations. The volume concludes with an extensive bibliography, a glossary and index analysis.
# Miłowice, Opole Voivodeship

Miłowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Biała, 9 km (6 mi) north of Prudnik, and 39 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole. Historically located in Upper Silesia, in the Prudnik Land.
A Polish citizen was murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

## People born in Miłkowice

* Josef Joachim Menzel, German historian
# Ed Hovlik

Edward Charles Hovlik (August 20, 1891 – March 19, 1955) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Washington Senators.
# Terry Luttrell

Terry Luttrell (born 1947 Champaign, Illinois) is an American rock singer, best known as lead vocalist for both REO Speedwagon (1968–1972) and Starcastle (1973–1979).

## Bands

Luttrell had played guitar with a local Champaign band, Terry Cook and the Majestics, in the early to mid-1960s.
In 1968, Terry joined REO Speedwagon, replacing Mike Blair on vocals, at the University of Illinois. He sang on the band's debut album, which was released in October 1971 on Epic Records. Personal differences between Luttrell and REO Speedwagon's lead guitarist, Gary Richrath, led to Luttrell leaving the band in 1972. He was replaced by Kevin Cronin before the recording of the second album, R.E.O./T.W.O. Although not given credit, Luttrell claims he co-wrote the song Golden Country with Gary Richrath.
Luttrell would go on to sing for the progressive band Starcastle on the albums Starcastle, Fountains of Light, Citadel, and Reel to Real, before the band folded in the late 1970s. He became a born-again Christian. Luttrell has participated peripherally in some Starcastle reunion projects, and can be heard on a few tracks from their 2007 album Song of Times. He helped produce some songs on an album for the country band South Of Georgia. He worked on some personal projects for himself and his daughter, Kristin. Kristin and her husband Dylan are the country music duo Dry Creek Station.
After a period of inactivity during which he became a FedEx driver, Luttrell returned to music as the lead vocalist for Champaign, Illinois-based band "Tons O' Fun."

## Discography
### REO Speedwagon

* REO Speedwagon (1971)

### Starcastle

* Starcastle (1976)
* Fountains of Light (1977)
* Citadel (1978)
* Real to Reel (1979)
# Rupert Goodwins

Rupert Goodwins (born 23 May 1965) is a British writer, broadcaster and technology journalist.
He began his career as a programmer for Sinclair Research in the early 1980s, working on the ZX Spectrum ROM. He moved to Amstrad after it bought the rights to the Sinclair name and range of products.
He was the Technical Editor of IT Week magazine and has written for a number of other UK computer publications, including:
* MacUser UK
* Nature
* PC Magazine
* Personal Computer World
* Sinclair User
* The Daily Telegraph
Rupert also wrote the 64-page novella accompanying the game Weird Dreams by Rainbird.
He was editor of ZDNET UK. His most notable contribution to the site was Rupert's Diary, which preceded the blogging phenomenon by some years. He occasionally appeared on CNet UK's technology podcast, Crave, and the Dialogue Box video series.
In addition to journalism, he also writes short stories, often with a technological theme to them. He is a regular contributor to radio and television news and current affairs programmes on business and technology issues.
Rupert is also a keen amateur radio operator with the call sign G6HVY.
# South Aroostook, Maine

South Aroostook is an unorganized territory in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 579 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the unorganized territory has a total area of 368.5 square miles (954.4 km$^2$), of which 357.2 square miles (925.1 km$^2$) is land and 11.3 square miles (29.2 km$^2$), or 3.06%, is water.
There are 13 townships in the unorganized territory, including Molunkus, Benedicta, Silver Ridge, Bancroft, Upper Molunkus, North Yarmouth Academy Grant, Forkstown, and Bragg Tract.

## Demographics

South Aroostook experienced a 50% growth in population for the 2020 census, largely due to the addition in 2019 of the former plantation of Cary, which had a population of 218 as of the 2010 census.
As of the 2000 census, there were 486 people, 188 households, and 134 families living in the unorganized territory. The population density was 1.4 people per square mile (0.54 people/km$^2$). There were 471 housing units, at an average density of 1.3 per square mile (0.50/km$^2$). The racial makeup was 99.79% White and 0.21% Black or African American.
There were 188 households, of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. In the unorganized territory, 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58, and the average family size was 3.03.
In the unorganized territory, 25.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.8% were 18 to 24, 25.5% were 25 to 44, 28.0% were 45 to 64, and 14.4% were 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.
The median income for a household in the unorganized territory was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $34,167. Males had a median income of $32,222 versus $28,125 for females. The per capita income for the unorganized territory was $13,718. About 9.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under age 18 and 21.3% of those age 65 or over.

## History

Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick founded Benedicta in 1834 as a colony of Irish Catholics from Boston. They began arriving in 1838 and built a small village surrounding St. Benedict Church. Fenwick later considered Benedicta as a home for the planned College of the Holy Cross, but settled on Worcester, Massachusetts, instead.