OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dusona juvenilis

Dusona juvenilis is a species of parasitic wasp belonging to the family Ichneumonidae, subfamily Campopleginae. It is a parasitoid of Eupithecia haworthiata larvae.

## Description

Head, antennae and thorax black. Second abdominal segment red on the posterior 0.1 – 0.3, third segment extensively red and forth segment black but rarely marked red laterally, gaster otherwise black. Legs varying between yellow and black, front and middle legs usually brighter. Maxillary palps yellow or yellowish red. Mandibles marked with yellow. Epipleuron of the third tergite not separated by a crease. Size 7–9 mm, 26–28 flagellomeres in females, 28–31 in males. Ovipositor index 1.3. Dusona juvenilis can be distinguished from the very similar species D. aemula by the length of the ovipositor and that pleural part of the epicnemial carina being almost completely obliterated, usually with only some wrinkles present medially and/or subdorsally.

## Ecology

Dusona juvenilis is univoltine. It is associated with Clematis vitalba since this is the host plant to the host. Flight period is between June and September.

## Distribution

Dusona juvenilis is known from a large portion of the Palearctic region: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (including Siberia), Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine and United Kingdom.
# Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo

Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo (20 May 1943 – 4 January 2021) was an Argentine Roman Catholic bishop.
Melgarejo was born in Argentina and was ordained to the priesthood in 1970. He served as titular bishop of Ucres and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires from 1994 to 2003 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Martín in Argentina from 2003 to 2018.
# Ono Station (Kyoto)

Ono Station (小野駅, Ono-eki) is a train station on the Kyoto Municipal Subway Tōzai Line in Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

## Lines

* Kyoto Municipal Subway
** Tōzai Line (Station Number: T04)

## Layout

The underground station has an island platform with two tracks.
| 1 | ■ Tōzai Line | for Uzumasa Tenjingawa |
| 2 | ■ Tōzai Line | for Rokujizo |
* Platform
# Maykel Montiel

Maykel Montiel (born 27 January 1990) is a Nicaraguan footballer who plays for UNAN Managua.
In January 2024, Montiel was one of twelve players temporarily sanctioned by the Nicaraguan Football Federation while it investigated match-fixing allegations. This meant that Montiel was not allowed to train or play matches for an indefinite period.
# Morinosaurus

Morinosaurus (meaning "Morini lizard", for an ancient people of northern France) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from an unnamed formation of Kimmeridgian-age Upper Jurassic rocks from Boulogne-sur-Mer, Département du Pas-de-Calais, France. It is an obscure tooth genus sometimes referred to the Lower Cretaceous English wastebasket taxon Pelorosaurus.

## History and taxonomy

The French paleontologist H. E. Sauvage based this genus on a single worn tooth, apparently now lost, which he compared to those of Hypselosaurus. Oddly, despite illustrations of the tooth, and the implications of comparing it to a titanosaur with narrow-crowned teeth, it was included as a synonym of Pelorosaurus in two major reviews. Pelorosaurus, being a putative brachiosaurid, is assumed to have had broad-crowned teeth.
Age, however, was not an issue, because it was referred to the possible Pelorosaurus species P. manseli (="Ischyrosaurus"), which was also from the Upper Jurassic (the question of whether "Ischyrosaurus" or any Jurassic species should be included in Pelorosaurus at all is another issue). The most recent review considers it to be a nomen dubium without further comment.
Sauvage also suggested that a partial right humerus belonged to the type individual.

## Paleobiology

Morinosaurus would have been a large, quadrupedal herbivore. Having titanosaur-like teeth may suggest more titanosaurian- or diplodocoid-like feeding habits, but this is speculative. The tooth crown was 50 mm (1.97 im) tall and had a cross-section of 16 by 12 mm (0.63 by 0.47 in).
# Mrudula Murali

Mrudula Murali Mangalasseri (born 8 June 1990), credited as Mrudula Murali, is an Indian actress, model, anchor and classical dancer. She appears in Malayalam and Tamil films.

## Personal life

Mrudula was born to Muralidharan Nair, who is working as an engineer in F.A.C.T Kalamassery, and Latha Menon in Ernakulam, Kerala. She completed her secondary education at Assisi Vidyaniketan Public School, Ernakulam. She has a bachelor's degree from St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam and PG degree in Media studies at M.O.P. Vaishnav College for Women, Chennai. Her only brother Mithun Murali is also an actor-cum-model. Mridula Murali married Nitin Malini Vijay, who's an aspiring filmmaker; currently working on the advertisement front, on 29 October 2020.

## Career

Mrudula started as a child anchor in the program Dial & See telecast in Jeevan TV along with her brother Midhun Murali as co-anchor. She has acted numerous ad-films in Tamil and Malayalam and also shot for a Tamil film, the Ilaiyaraaja musical Kangalum Kavipaduthey in 2007, which did not get a theatrical release. She stepped into the film industry with the Malayalam film Red Chillies. She received critical acclaim for her role as Shenbagavalli in her debut Tamil film Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA.
She had no theatrical releases in 2014 but appeared in a short film titled Maniyara. Her Tamil film Chikkiku Chikkikkichu is a romantic comedy that unfolds during a train journey. She has been signed as one of the female leads in the Malayalam films Enthoru Bhagyam, which will feature her as Heera Samson, a modern girl from Bangalore, who is "bubbly and lively".
Mrudula Murali got her major breakthrough with the Bollywood movie Raagdesh, where she played Captain Lakshmi Sehgal. The movie and her role received praise from various corners. Her acting and dialogue received special mention in reviews. She at present is acting in the Tamil movie Pistha, starring Shirish Sharavanan of Metro fame and also in Ulagam Vilakku Varudhu, directed by Thambi Ramaiah, starring his son Umapathy.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2009 | Red Chillies | Varadha Battadirippadu | Malayalam | |
| 2009 | Mercury Pookkal | Sapna | Malayalam | Musical album |
| 2010 | Elsamma Enna Aankutty | Sherine | Malayalam | |
| 2012 | Kangalum Kavipaduthey | - | Tamil | Shot in 2007 |
| 2013 | 10:30 am Local Call | Ann | Malayalam | |
| 2013 | Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA | Shenbagavalli | Tamil | |
| 2014 | Maniyara | Bride | Malayalam | Short film |
| 2015 | Ayal Njanalla | Isha | Malayalam | |
| 2015 | Chikkiku Chikkikkichu | Varsha | Tamil | |
| 2015 | Celebrate Happiness | Herself | Malayalam | Video song |
| 2016 | Shikhamani | Devika | Malayalam | |
| 2017 | Raagdesh | Lakshmi Sehgal | Hindi | |
| 2018 | Maniyaar Kudumbam | Magizhampoo | Tamil | |
| 2022 | Pistha | Selvi | Tamil | |

## Television

* Dial & See (Jeevan TV)
* The Happiness Project (Kappa TV) as Associate producer
* Katturumbu (Flowers TV)
* Ambalappuzha Palppayasam (Mazhavil Manorama)
* Dhe Chef (Mazhavil Manorama)
* Sadhya Rice - advertisement
* Thangamayil Jewellery Limited - advertisement
# National Indigenous Music Awards 2023

The National Indigenous Music Awards 2023 were the 20th annual National Indigenous Music Awards (NIMAs), and took place on 12 August 2023. Nominations were revealed on 12 July 2023.

## Performers

* Thelma Plum
* Budjerah
* Barkaa
* Kobie Dee
* Dean Brady
* Ngulmiya
* Fred Leone - "Yirimi Gundir"
reference:

## Hall of Fame inductee

* Yothu Yindi

## Triple J Unearthed National Indigenous Winner

* Djanaba

## Archie Roach Foundation Award

* Wildfire Manwurrk

## Awards

The nominations was revealed on 12 July 2023. Winners indicated in boldface, with other nominees in plain.
Artist of the Year
| Artist | Result |
| Budjerah | Won |
| Jessica Mauboy | Nominated |
| Mo'Ju | Nominated |
| Kobie Dee | Nominated |
| The Kid Laroi | Nominated |
New Talent of the Year
| Artist | Result |
| Bumpy | Won |
| Royston Noell | Nominated |
| Wildfire Manwurrk | Nominated |
| Marlon X Rulla | Nominated |
| Tjaka | Nominated |
Album of the Year
| Artist and album | Result |
| Thelma Plum – Meanjin (EP) | Won |
| Ngulmiya – Ngulmiya | Nominated |
| Mo'Ju – Oro Plata Mata | Nominated |
| Miiesha – Smoke & Mirrors | Nominated |
| Beddy Rays – Beddy Rays | Nominated |
Film Clip of the Year
| Artist and song | Result |
| Wildfire Manwurrk – "Lonely Bangardi" | Nominated |
| Budjerah – "Therapy" | Nominated |
| A.B. Original – "King Billy Cokebottle" | Nominated |
| Thelma Plum – "The Brown Snake" | Nominated |
| King Stingray – "Let's Go" | Won |
Song of the Year
| Artist and song | Result |
| Bumpy – "Hide and Seek" | Nominated |
| Budjerah – "Therapy" | Nominated |
| Miiesha – "Skin Deep" | Nominated |
| King Stingray – "Let's Go" | Won |
| Yirrmal featuring Dami Im - "Promised Land" | Nominated |
Community Clip of the Year
| Artist and song | Result |
| Wildfire Manwurrk – "Mararradj" | Won |
| Utju Community – "Tjamuku Tjukurpa Kanyila" | Nominated |
| Lil Youngins - "The Problem" | Nominated |
| Indigenous Outreach Project w/ Gunyangara, Yirrkala & Dhalinbuy, (NT) featuring Yirrmal - "Indigenous" | Nominated |
| Gunyangara, Yirrkala & Dhalinbuy featuring Yirrmal & Garrthalala Community - "Garrthalala Manikay" | Nominated |
| Dunghutti Community in Kempsey (NSW) - The Black Truth - "There's Still Hope" | Nominated |
Indigenous Language Award
| Artist and song | Result |
| Ngulmiya – Ngulmiya | Won |
# The Retrieval of Ethics

The Retrieval of Ethics is a 2009 book by Talbot Brewer in which the author tries to re-examine the history of ethics from ancient Greek philosophy to the present and “retrieve” the strengths of the Ancients in order to provide a radical reconception of moral philosophy and its role in life.

## Reception

Brewer's ideas have been criticized by different scholars including Lorraine Besser-Jones, Bradford Cokelet, Christopher Cordner, Mark LeBar and Tamar Schapiro.
# Canada women's national 3x3 team

The Canada women's national 3x3 basketball team represents Canada in international 3x3 basketball (3 vs 3) competitions. They are overseen by Canada Basketball, the governing body of basketball in Canada.

## Competitive record
### Summer Olympics

| Year | Position | Pld | W | L | Players |
| 2020 Tokyo | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2024 Paris | 4th | 10 | 5 | 5 | M. Plouffe, K. Plouffe, Crozon, Bosch |
| Total | 1/2 | 10 | 5 | 5 | |

### FIBA 3x3 World Cup

| Year | Position | Pld | W | L |
| 2012 Athens | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2014 Moscow | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2016 Guangzhou | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2017 Nantes | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2018 Bocaue | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2019 Amsterdam | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2022 Antwerp | 2nd | 8 | 6 | 2 |
| 2023 Vienna | 6th | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Total | 2/8 | 13 | 9 | 4 |

### FIBA 3x3 AmeriCup

| Year | Position | Pld | W | L |
| 2021 Miami | 3rd | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| 2022 Miami | 1st | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| 2023 San Juan | 3rd | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| 2024 San Juan | 1st | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | 4/4 | 20 | 16 | 4 |
# 1957–58 Czechoslovak First League

Statistics of Czechoslovak First League in the 1957–58 season.

## Overview

It was contested by 12 teams, and Dukla Prague won the championship. Miroslav Wiecek was the league's top scorer with 25 goals.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Dukla Prague (C) | 33 | 16 | 8 | 9 | 60 | 38 | 1.579 | 40 | Qualification for European Cup preliminary round |
| 2 | Spartak Prague Sokolovo | 33 | 17 | 6 | 10 | 63 | 43 | 1.465 | 40 | |
| 3 | CH Bratislava | 33 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 56 | 41 | 1.366 | 38 | |
| 4 | Slovan Bratislava | 33 | 15 | 7 | 11 | 58 | 45 | 1.289 | 37 | |
| 5 | Dynamo Prague | 33 | 14 | 8 | 11 | 56 | 50 | 1.120 | 36 | |
| 6 | Tatran Prešov | 33 | 14 | 6 | 13 | 44 | 49 | 0.898 | 34 | |
| 7 | Rudá Hvězda Brno | 33 | 13 | 7 | 13 | 46 | 46 | 1.000 | 33 | |
| 8 | Dukla Pardubice | 33 | 13 | 7 | 13 | 58 | 73 | 0.795 | 33 | |
| 9 | Spartak Trnava | 33 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 45 | 49 | 0.918 | 31 | |
| 10 | Baník Ostrava | 33 | 10 | 8 | 15 | 58 | 63 | 0.921 | 28 | |
| 11 | Spartak Hradec Králové (R) | 33 | 9 | 7 | 17 | 52 | 76 | 0.684 | 25 | Relegation to Czechoslovak Second League |
| 12 | SONP Kladno (R) | 33 | 9 | 3 | 21 | 52 | 75 | 0.693 | 21 | Relegation to Czechoslovak Second League |

## Top goalscorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Miroslav Wiecek | Baník Ostrava | 25 |
| 2 | Jiří Pešek | Dynamo Prague | 19 |
| 3 | Bedřich Šonka | Dukla Pardubice | 17 |
| 4 | Zdeněk Zikán | Dukla Pardubice | 16 |
| 5 | Tadeáš Kraus | Spartak Prague Sokolovo | 15 |
| 6 | Milan Dvořák | Dukla Prague | 14 |
| 7 | Milouš Kvaček | Spartak Hradec Králové | 13 |

## Attendances

| # | Football club | Average attendance |
| 1 | Slovan Bratislava | 23,059 |
| 2 | Spartak Praha Sokolovo | 19,875 |
| 3 | Dynamo Praha | 18,471 |
| 4 | Rudá Hvězda Brno | 16,824 |
| 5 | CH Bratislava | 16,000 |
| 6 | Baník Ostrava | 13,750 |
| 7 | Dukla Praha | 10,750 |
| 8 | Spartak Hradec Králové | 10,500 |
| 9 | Dukla Pardubice | 9,353 |
| 10 | Spartak Trnava | 9,063 |
| 11 | Tatran Prešov | 8,235 |
| 12 | SONP Kladno | 6,294 |
# Joseph Pastor Neelankavil

Joseph Pastor Neelankavil (19 March 1930 – 17 February 2021) was a bishop of the Syro-Malabar Church.
Neelankavil was born in Aranattukara, Kerala, India and was ordained to the priesthood in 1960. He served as bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Sagar, India, from 1987 to 2006.
Neelankavil died from COVID-19 on 17 February 2021.
# The Master as I Saw Him

The Master as I Saw Him: Being pages of the life of the Swami Vivekananda is a 1910 book written by Sister Nivedita. The book covers Nivedita's experiences with Swami Vivekananda, whom she met in London during November 1895. The book was simultaneously published from England and India, and The Master as I Saw Him is now considered to be a classic text.
In his book Indian Traffic, Parama Roy noted that the book differed from other biographies of Vivekananda in that it "[touched] upon the agonistic, conflictual nature of the guru-disciple relationship" and showed "reticence about his corporeality".
# Malpica de Bergantiños

Malpica de Bergantiños (or simply Malpica) is a municipality in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Bergantiños, located 52 kilometres (32 mi) from the provincial capital of A Coruña.

## Culture

It is located on the route of the Way of the Lighthouses, which unites it with Fisterra. The church of Santiago de Mens stands in the town. As part of the Costa da Morte, the town of Malpica is best known for its marine heritage, with this being reflected in celebrations like the Festa do Mar.

## Background

In front of Malpica are the Illas Sisargas, a small archipelago used as shelter by numerous marine birds. Main sights include the Church of Santiago de Mens, in Romanesque style (12th century) and the dolmen of Pedra da Arca.

## International relations
### Twin towns – sister cities

Malpica de Bergantiños is twinned with:
* Malpica de Tajo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
# Res Jost

Res Jost (10 January 1918 – 3 October 1990) was a Swiss theoretical physicist, who worked mainly in constructive quantum field theory.

## Biography

Res Jost was born on January 10, 1918, in Bern. He is the son of the physics teacher Wilhelm Jost and Hermine Spycher. In 1949 Jost married the Viennese physicist Hilde Fleischer. Jost studied in Bern and at the University of Zurich, where he received his doctorate in 1946 under the supervision of the German physicist Gregor Wentzel. He then spent half a year with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen, where he introduced the Jost function into scattering theory. Afterwards, he worked as an assistant of Wolfgang Pauli in Zurich. From 1949 to 1955 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he worked with Walter Kohn, Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger and Abraham Pais among others. From 1955, he was associate professor for theoretical physics at ETH and starting from 1959 full professor. In 1964, he and Rudolf Haag created the journal Communications in Mathematical Physics. He died on October 3, 1990, in Zurich.
Jost researched quantum-mechanical scattering theory (also inverse scattering theory: Reconstruction of potentials from scattering data) and the mathematical quantum field theory, where he in 1958 with the methods of Arthur Strong Wightman proved the PCT theorem and in 1957 introduced the Jost–Lehmann–Dyson representation, an integral representation of the expectancy value of the commutator of two field operators.

## Honors and awards

Since 1977 Jost was corresponding member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. In 1984 Jost received the Max Planck Medal for outstanding achievements in theoretical physics.

## Selected works

* Jost, Res (1965). The general theory of quantized fields. Vol. 4. American Mathematical Society. ASIN B0007DUAUK.
* Jost, Res (1995). Hepp, Klaus; Hunziker, Walter; Kohn, Walter (eds.). Das Märchen vom Elfenbeinernen Turm. Reden und Aufsätze. Lecture Notes in Physics Monographs (in German). Vol. 34. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49276-4. ISBN 978-3540492764.
* Jost, Res; Schneider, Walter (1969). Quantenmechanik: nach Vorlesungen im Wintersemester 1966/67 (in German). Vereins der Mathematiker und Physiker an der ETH Zürich.
* Jost, Res; Italian Physical Society, eds. (1969). Local quantum theory. Vol. 45. Academic Press. ISBN 9780123688453.
* Jost, Res (1984). "Erinnerungen: Erlesenes und Erlebtes". Physikalische Blätter (in German). 40 (7): 178–181. doi:10.1002/phbl.19840400706.
# Nolay, Côte-d'Or

Nolay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. The 18th-century French physician and encyclopédiste Louis-Anne La Virotte (1725–1759) was born in Nolay, as was mathematician, physicist and politician Lazare Carnot (1753–1823).

## Geography

Nolay is located in the heart of the Cozanne Valley. The town marks the transition between the forests and plains to the north and west and the hillside vineyards of the wealthy Burgundian wine regions surrounding Beaune and the Chalonnaise hills to the south.

## Sights

Nolay is a small medieval market town, widely regarded as one of the most beautiful towns on the southern edge of the Côte-d'Or with its 14th century Central Market and wooden framed houses.
Lazare Carnot's birth house is a local attraction.

## Transportation

The D973 runs through the town from La Rochepot and Beaune to the east and Saisy and Autun to the west.

## Notable people of Nolay

* Louis-Anne La Virotte, born in 1725 in Nolay, died on 3 March 1759 in Paris, doctor.
* Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), mathematician, physicist, general of the armies of the Republic; fierce opponent of the creation of the Empire (name engraved under the Arc de Triomphe).
* Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), President of the Republic.
* Claude Marie Carnot de Feulins (1755-1836), general of the armies of the Republic and the Empire.
* Vivant Beaucé (1818-1876), painter and designer.
* Jean Garchery (1872-1957), politician.
* Alice Poulleau (1885-1960), writer, geographer.
# Siekanie

Siekanie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Złoczew, 26 km (16 mi) south of Sieradz, and 73 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Yên Khánh district

Yên Khánh is a rural district of Ninh Bình province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 141,471. The district covers an area of 142 km². The district capital lies at Yên Ninh.

## Notable people

* Phan Thi Bich Hang, purported psychic
# Dawid Kwiek

Dawid Kwiek (born 22 January 1988) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Kwiek began his career at Wisła Kraków. In the 2007–08 season, he won the Młoda Ekstraklasa title with Wisła Kraków (ME) team. In 2009, he moved to Swiss 2. Liga Interregional club Signal FC Bernex-Confignon. On 14 July 2009, he joined Yverdon-Sport to play in Swiss Challenge League and left the club after a half year. After one month without a club, Kwiek joined LKS Nieciecza on 24 January 2010 on trial, before signing a contract with them on 6 February 2010. In February 2011, he joined Resovia on a one-and-a-half-year contract.

## Personal life

Kwiek was born in Freiburg, Germany of Polish descent and then moved with his family to Canada, before returning to Poland, the country of his parents, at 14 years of age.

## Style of play

Kwiek was a left-footed midfielder.

## Honours

Wisła Kraków (ME)
* Młoda Ekstraklasa: 2007–08
LKS Nieciecza
* II liga East: 2009–10
Resovia
* III liga, group IV: 2009–10
* Polish Cup (Subcarpathia regionals): 2017–18
* Polish Cup (Rzeszów-Dębica regionals): 2017–18
KS Wiązownica
* IV liga Subcarpathia: 2019–20
# Chimney Peak (Olympic Mountains)

Chimney Peak is a 6,917-foot-elevation (2,108-meter) mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Jefferson County of Washington state. Chimney Peak is situated near the head of Elwha Valley, and immediately north above Enchanted Valley. Topographic relief is significant as the southeast aspect rises 4,800 feet (1,500 meters) above Enchanted Valley in less than one mile. Enchanted Valley is also known as Valley of 10,000 Waterfalls, and numerous waterfalls tumble down the immense cliffs of Chimney Peak. Neighbors include Crystal Peak, 2.2 mi (3.5 km) to the north, White Mountain 3.5 mi (5.6 km) to the east, and West Peak 3.4 mi (5.5 km) to the northeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north to the Elwha River, and south to the Quinault River.

## History

This landform was originally named "Old Snowback" in 1890 by Charles Barnes of the 1889-90 Seattle Press Expedition. The mountain's present, official, descriptive name is attributable to a 100-foot-high chimney-like tower on the peak's west aspect, which is known as "The Chimney". The first ascent of the summit was made in 1941 by Tolvo J. Nelson of the United States Geological Survey. The first ascent of The Chimney was made in 1970 by Mike Banner and Vern Johnson via class 5.3 climbing.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Chimney Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Olympic Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow. As a result, the Olympics experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in avalanche danger. During winter months weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months June through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

## Geology

The Olympic Mountains are composed of obducted clastic wedge material and oceanic crust, primarily Eocene sandstone, turbidite, and basaltic oceanic crust. The mountains were sculpted during the Pleistocene era by erosion and glaciers advancing and retreating multiple times.