OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ide, Kyoto

Ide (井手町, Ide-chō) is a town located in Tsuzuki District, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. As of September 1, 2022 the town had an estimated population of 7,163. The total area of the town is 18.04 square kilometres (6.97 sq mi).

## Geography

Ide is located in southeastern Kyoto Prefecture. The Tamagawa River, a tributary of the Kizu River, runs through the town from east to west, and in spring it is crowded with people viewing cherry blossoms. The town is divided into the Taga, Ide, and Ario areas. Approximately 70% of the town area is forest. In the rural landscape, there are historical sites such as the ruins of Ide-ji temple and the remains of the Ishibashi Tile Kiln, which was used to fire the roof tiles of Daian-ji, one of the seven great temples in Heijō-kyō.

### Neighboring municipalities
#### Kyoto Prefecture

* Jōyō
* Kyōtanabe
* Kizugawa
* Kuse District (Kumiyama)
* Sōraku District (Wazuka)
* Tsuzuki District (Ujitawara)

### Climate

Ide has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Ujitawara is 13.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1439 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.0 °C.

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Ide has declined in recent decades.

## History

The area of Ide was part of ancient Yamashiro Province. There are numerous burial mounds from the Kofun period within the town borders. During the Nara period, Tachibana no Moroe, an influential aristocrat, built a villa and a temple (Ide-ji) in this area. The region is frequently mentioned in poetry of the Heian period During the Edo Period, the area was part of the direct holdings of the Tokugawa shogunate. The village of Ide was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system, and was raised to town status on January 1, 1927. Massive flooding on August 15, 1953 resulted in 109 fatalities in the town. Ide annexed the neighboring village of Taga on April 1, 1958.

## Government

Ide has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral village council of 10 members. Ide, collectively with the other municipalities of Tsuzuki District and the city of Kyōtamba, contributes two members to the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of the Kyoto 6th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Ide is a rural area, with an economy based on agriculture and forestry.

## Education

Ide has two public elementary schools and one public junior high school operated by town government. The town does not have a high school

## Transportation
### Railway

JR West - Nara Line
* Yamashiro-Taga - Tamamizu

### Highways

* National Route 24
* National Route 307

## Local attractions

* Grave of Ono no Komachi

## Notable people from Ide

* Manabu Miyazaki, writer
# Kaminome Station

Kaminome Station (上野目駅, Kaminome-eki) is a railway station on the Rikuu East Line in the city of Ōsaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Kaminome Station is served by the Rikuu East Line, and is located 28.6 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kogota Station.

## Station layout

Kaminome Station has one side platform, serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

## History

Kaminome Station opened on 1 February 1964 as Nishi-Iwadeyama Station (西岩出山駅). The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987. The station was renamed to its present name on 22 March 1997.

## Surrounding area

* Japan National Route 47
# Stan Tomlin

Stanley Arthur Tomlin (16 September 1905 – 17 January 1969) was an English middle-distance runner who competed in the 1930 British Empire Games.

## Career

Tomlin finished third behind Cyril Ellis in the 1 mile event at the 1929 AAA Championships.
At 1930 British Empire Games he won the gold medal in the 3 miles event. He also participated in the 6 miles competition.

## Published works

1956 - Olympic Odyssey.Published by Modern Athlete Publications Ltd., Croydon.
# Escravos–Lagos Pipeline System

The Escravos–Lagos Pipeline System (ELPS) is a natural gas pipeline built in 1989 to supply gas from Escravos region of Niger Delta area to Egbin power station near Lagos in Nigeria. Subsequent spur lines from the ELP supply Delta power plant at Ughelli, Warri Refining and Petrochemicals Company at Ekpan, Uvwie. The West African Portland Cement (WAPCO) Plants at Shagamu and Ewekoro, industries at Ikorodu, City Gate in lkeja Lagos. Since the NIPP power plants emerged, ELPS is the major gas supply artery to the power plants in Nigeria.

## Sources of gas supply to pipeline

* The pipeline start at Escravos Gas Plant (EGP) operated by Chevron which has 680 million cubic feet per day (19 million cubic metres per day) capacity. The EGP facilities deliver 215 million cu ft/d (6.1 million m$^3$/d) to the domestic gas market by Escravos–Lagos Pipeline. Part of 170 million cu ft/d (4.8 million m$^3$/d) is transferred from Escravos to West African Gas Pipeline.
* Odidi gas plant operated by Neconde with actual capacity 40 million cu ft/d (1.1 million m$^3$/d).
* Utorogu gas plant operated by NNPC which has capacity 360 million cu ft/d (10 million m$^3$/d), with ongoing upgrading to 510 million cu ft/d (14 million m$^3$/d).
* Oben gas plant operated by Seplat with capacity 300 million cu ft/d (8.5 million m$^3$/d).

## Technical description

The diameter of the main part of pipeline from Warri Gas Treatment Plant to Egbin tee at PS4 near Lagos is 36 inches (910 mm). The diameter of the section from Escravos to Warri and from Egbin Tee to Alagbado Tee at PS5 is 24 inches (610 mm). The capacity of the pipeline is 800 million cu ft/d (23 million m$^3$/d) at standard pressure and do not meet expected gas consumption demand.

## Consumers

* Egbin power plant with demanded gas consumption about 360 million scf/d (290 MWh/d).
* Ihovbor power plant with demanded gas consumption about 120 million scf/d (96 MWh/d).
* Omotoscho I power plant with demanded gas consumption about 90 million scf/d (72 MWh/d).
* Omotoscho II power plant with demanded gas consumption about 120 million scf/d (96 MWh/d).
* Sapele power plant with demanded gas consumption about 120 million scf/d (96 MWh/d).
By 24 inches (610 mm) tee in Itoki:
* Olorunsogo I power plant with demanded gas consumption about 90 million scf/d (72 MWh/d).
* Olorunsogo II power plant with demanded gas consumption about 120 million scf/d (96 MWh/d).
By tee to Oben - Geregu pipeline ELPS can supply also Geregu I and II power stations and Ajaokuta steel mills. ELPS carry also a volume of 170 million scf/d (140 MWh/d) for West African Gas Pipeline.
# The Sharkstooth

The Sharkstooth is a 12,630-foot-elevation (3,850-meter) mountain summit in Larimer County, Colorado, United States.

## Description

The Sharkstooth is set 1,500 feet east of the Continental Divide in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. It is in the "Cathedral Spires" area, and is the second-steepest point in Colorado. The summit is situated within Rocky Mountain National Park, approximately 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Estes Park. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of Glacier Creek which in turn is a tributary of the Big Thompson River. Topographic relief is significant with the summit rising 2,200 feet (670 meters) above Loch Vale in one mile. The landforms's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, The Sharkstooth is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.

## Gallery

* North aspect of Sharkstooth viewed from The Gash
* Cathedral Spires seen from Sky Pond. The apparent highest spire is "Saber" and immediately left of it is "Petit Grepon". At far left edge is Taylor Peak. Even though Sharkstooth is higher, it is hidden behind Saber.
* The top of Sharkstooth is the apparent highest point, view from The Loch
# Yen Tzung-ta

Yen Tzung-ta (Chinese: 嚴宗大; pinyin: Yán Zōngdà) is a Taiwanese economist and the current Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of the Republic of China since February 2012.

## Education

Yen obtained his bachelor's degree in economics from Tunghai University in 1978, master's degree in economics from National Chengchi University in 1980 and Ph.D. in economics from Michigan State University in the United States in 1989.

## Early careers

Yen was the assistant director-general of the department of economic research off the Central Bank of the Republic of China in April 1993 until January 2004. He then became the adviser of the Central Bank in January 2004 until October 2006. In October 2006 until March 2008, he became the deputy director-general of the department of economic research of the Central Bank. Lastly, he became the director-general of the department of economic research of the Central Bank in March 2008 until February 2012.
# Kita-Higashiguchi Station

Kita-Higashiguchi Station (木太東口駅, Kita-Higashiguchi-eki) is a passenger railway station operated by the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "N05".

## Lines

Kita-Higashiguchi Station is a station on the Kotoden Nagao Line and is located 3.4 km from the terminus of the line at Kawaramachi Station and 5.1 kilometers from Takamatsu-Chikkō Station.

## Layout

The station consists of one island platform with a rain shelter; there is no station building. The platform is connected to the street by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Hayashimichi | Nagao Line | Motoyama |

## History

Kita-Higashiguchi Station opened on April 30, 1912 as a station on the Takamatsu Electric Tramway. On November 1, 1943 it became a station on the Takamatsu Kotohira Electric Railway.

## Surrounding area

* Takamatsu Municipal Kita Elementary School
* Takamatsu Municipal Kita Minami Elementary School

## Passenger statistics

Ridership per day :
| Year | Ridership |
| 2011 | 675 |
| 2012 | 706 |
| 2013 | 719 |
| 2014 | 780 |
| 2015 | 814 |
| 2016 | 871 |
| 2017 | 939 |
# Kevin Cross Jr.

Kevin Cross Jr. (born June 22, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and the Tulane Green Wave.

## Early life and high school career

Cross attended Mills University Studies High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. He received scant recruiting attention prior to his senior season. Cross averaged 18 points, 10 rebounds, two assists, a block, and a steal per game to lead the team to the Arkansas Class 4A final. He committed to play college basketball at Nebraska, choosing the Cornhuskers over TCU and Oklahoma State.

## College career

Cross averaged 7.1 points and 3.9 rebounds per game as a freshman at Nebraska as the team finished 7-25. Following the season he transferred to Tulane. As a sophomore, Cross averaged 6.9 points and 4.7 rebounds per game. He averaged 13.8 points, 6.8 rebounds, and 3.6 assists per game as a junior. As a senior, Cross averaged 14.8 points, 6.7 rebounds and 4.2 assists per game en route to third-team All-AAC honors. Alongside teammate Jaylen Forbes, he declared for the 2023 NBA draft before withdrawing and returning to Tulane. On December 19, 2023, Cross was named Oscar Robertson National Player of the Week after posting 25 points, 12 rebounds, and 12 assists in a double-overtime win over Furman. In his final season, he averaged 17.5 points, 7.3 rebounds and 4.6 assists per game, shooting 51 percent from the field and 41 percent from beyond the arc.

## Professional career
### Riesen Ludwigsburg (2024)

After going undrafted in the 2024 NBA draft, Cross signed with Riesen Ludwigsburg of the Basketball Bundesliga on September 6, 2024. However, on October 15, Cross terminated his contract after four games.

### Rio Grande Valley Vipers (2024–present)

Cross was selected by the Indiana Mad Ants in the 2024 NBA G League draft and was traded to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers.

## National team career

Cross was a part of the Tulane team chosen to represent the United States in the 2021 Summer Universiade in China. In the semifinals, he scored 18 points in a 82-95 loss to Brazil. Cross averaged 10.6 points and 4.6 rebounds per game, helping the U.S. receive a bronze medal.
# Third Popple

Third Popple is a summit located in the Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Town of Benson north-northeast of the hamlet of Upper Benson.
# Hiragi Station

Hiragi Station (平木駅, Hiragi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of in Miki, Kagawa, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "N12".

## Lines

Hiragi Station is a station on the Kotoden Nagao Line and is located 10.9 km from the opposing terminus of the line at Kawaramachi and 12.6 kilometers from Takamatsu-Chikkō Station.

## Layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms connected by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Nōgakubumae | Nagao Line | Gakuen-dōri |

## History

Hiragi Station opened on April 30, 1912 as a station of the Kotohira Electric Railway. On November 1, 1943 it became a station on the Takamatsu Kotohira Electric Railway Kotohira Line due to a company merger. The station building was reconstructed in 1978.

## Surrounding area

* Miki Municipal Miki Junior High School

## Ridership

Ridership per day :
| Year | Ridership |
| 2011 | 405 |
| 2012 | 393 |
| 2013 | 435 |
| 2014 | 424 |
| 2015 | 408 |
| 2016 | 428 |
| 2017 | 430 |
# Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan

Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan (1955) was a court case of the Dominion of Pakistan. The Federal Court of Pakistan (now the Supreme Court of Pakistan) ruled in favor of the Governor General of Pakistan's dismissal of the 1st Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. The dismissal was legally challenged by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, the president of the assembly. Except one dissenting opinion, the majority of the court supported the dismissal on grounds of the doctrine of necessity. The verdict was considered a blow to democratic norms, which had ramifications in modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh, and led to the dismissal being described as a constitutional coup.

## Facts

In 1954, Governor General Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. Earlier, he dismissed Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin who enjoyed the confidence of the constituent assembly. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, the President of the Constituent Assembly and a representative from East Bengal, challenged the Governor General's actions in the Sindh High Court, where the dissolution was ruled as ultra vires by Chief Justice George Constantine. The federal government appealed in the country's apex Federal Court.

## Judgement

In 1955, the Federal Court led by Chief Justice Muhammad Munir ruled in support of the Governor General. The court suspended the decision of the High Court and held the Governor General, and not the Constituent Assembly, to be the sovereign authority. The court opined that royal assent can only be given by the Governor General as Pakistan was still a dominion and hence not a fully independent country. It gave the decision based on technical grounds that the section of Government of India Act of 1935 in question was not applied to this case because the governor general had not assent to it.

### Dissent

A lone dissenting opinion was given by Justice Alvin Robert Cornelius who argued Pakistan was indeed an independent country within the Commonwealth.

## Significance

Some believe, the verdict dealt a blow to the notion of parliamentary supremacy in Pakistan, whereas Pakistan was already an independent dominion created by the Indian Independence Act 1947. The British parliament enjoyed parliamentary supremacy in its own realm. But the Federal Court's verdict stripped Pakistan's parliamentary supremacy, even though Pakistan itself was an independent realm headed by the Queen of Pakistan. The verdict paved way for the future judiciary to support unconstitutional and undemocratic actions, such as military coups. The doctrine of necessity was applied by successive Pakistani and Bangladeshi courts to validate the actions of martial law authorities.
# Albert Herbert

Albert Herbert (10 September 1925, Bow in London – 10 May 2008) was a British abstract and religious artist, painter and etcher.

## Education

He went to West Ham secondary school and then worked in the News Chronicle picture library, taking evening classes at Saint Martin's School of Art.

## War service

He was called up during the Second World War in 1943, became an infantryman and took part in the Normandy landings in 1944 where he witnessed his comrades being picked off by German snipers in the Normandy bocage. His regiment had lost three-quarters of its men to death and injury by 1945 when it crossed the Rhine. An old schoolfriend, Bryan Forbes, then a member of the "Stars in Battledress" forces entertainment troupe, picked him as a stage designer. This was the start of his artistic career. He was demobbed in 1947. In 1984 Thames Television made a film, Albert Herbert's War, about his wartime experiences.

## Postwar career

He won a grant to Wimbledon School of Art and won a scholarship in 1949 to the Royal College of Art. A travel grant took him to Spain and Paris.
He then won a scholarship to the British School in Rome. He had no religious background, but while he was there was drawn towards Catholicism.
In 1954 he began part-time work at Leicester College of Art and in 1956 he became a lecturer at the Birmingham School of Art. He converted to Roman Catholicism at that time although he remained fascinated by Buddhism. This was reflected in his art by his gradual adoption of religious and mythical subjects.
In 1957 two of his oils were included as one of the 'Young Artists of Promise' in Jack Beddington's book.
He joined the staff at Saint Martin's in 1964 and stayed for 21 years, becoming a principal lecturer.

## Personal life

At the Royal College of Art he met a sculpture student, Jacqueline Henly, and they married in 1951. They had three daughters; Clare, Madeline, and Lucy.
# Shimōsa-Toyosato Station

Shimōsa-Toyosato Station (下総豊里駅, Shimōsa-Toyosato-eki) is a passenger railway station in the city of Chōshi, Chiba Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Shimōsa-Toyosato Station is served by the Narita Line, and is located 66.2 kilometers from the terminus of line at Sakura Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of dual opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge to a wooden, single-story station building. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Narita Line | For Chōshi |
| 2 | ■ Narita Line | For Sawara, Narita, Sakura, Chiba |

## History

Shimōsa-Toyosato Station was opened on March 11, 1933 as a station on the Japanese Government Railway (JGR) for both freight and passenger operations. After World War II, the JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR). Scheduled freight operations were suspended from October 1, 1971. The station has been unattended since March 1, 1985. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. The station building was rebuilt in 2008.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 171 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 356
* Chōshi City Hall Toyosato Branch Office
* Chōshi Municipal No. 7 Junior High School
* Toyosato Elementary School, Choshi City
# Rodney Yee

Rodney Yee is an American yoga instructor who rose to national prominence in the mid-1990s when he was featured on the cover of Yoga Journal magazine and later starred in a series of Gaiam/Living Arts yoga instructional videos and DVDs. Yee has narrated meditation audios and written two books.

## Early life and education

Rodney Yee was born in 1957, the Chinese-American son of an Air Force Colonel, and spent his childhood on military bases in Altus, Oklahoma and Puerto Rico. He was a gymnast during his high school years and later became a ballet dancer, performing with the Oakland Ballet Company and the Matsuyama Ballet Company of Tokyo, Japan. He began studies in philosophy and physical therapy at the University of California, Berkeley, though he dropped out in order to pursue ballet full-time.

## Career

Yee became a yoga enthusiast in the Iyengar school, but now teaches a blend of Iyengar Yoga and his own invented style. He began his yoga teaching career at a studio called The Yoga Room in Berkeley; in 1987 he co-founded the Piedmont Yoga Studio in Oakland.
In 2002, several students of Yee's stated that they were having sexual relations with Yee and that the behavior had been going on for some time. Yee was sued for breach of contract, the claim alleging multiple sexual affairs with his students.

## Personal life

Yee has three children from his first marriage to Donna Fone, whom he divorced in 2002 after twenty-four years of marriage. He married former model Colleen Saidman, one of his students, in December 2006. Since dating students violates the precepts of yoga teacher conduct as defined by the Yoga Alliance, this led to division in Yee-oriented communities. Yee and Saidman live in The Hamptons.