OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thevalakkara

Thevalakkara is a village in the Karunagappally Taluk, Kollam District of the state of Kerala, India. It is located near the coast of the Indian Ocean, about 13 kilometres north of the district capital Kollam, and 7 kilometres southeast of the subdistrict capital Karunagappally. It contains a Devi temple along with a church and a mosque. The kadappa at Thevalakara is where ship masts (kadappa) were made for centuries. In 2011, it has a total population of 42,977. The name thevalakkara came from Devalokakkara which means the land of gods because the place had many worship places of different religions.
Example
-Martha Mariam Orthodox Syrian Church
-Thevalakkara Chaliyath Muslim Jamath
-Major Devi Temple

## Geography

Thevalakkara is located on the northwestern shore of the Ashtamudi Lake. The National Highway 183A passes through the village. Its average elevation is 10 metres above the sea level.

## Climate

Thevalakkara has a Tropical Monsoon Climate (Am). Its wettest month is June, with an average rainfall of 418 mm; and the driest month is January, with an average rainfall of 25 mm.
Climate data for Thevalakkara :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.9 (87.6) | 32 (90) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.6 (85.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.3 (81.1) | 28 (82) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26 (79) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26 (79) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.5 (79.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24 (75) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24 (75) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24.1 (75.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25 (1.0) | 30 (1.2) | 75 (3.0) | 167 (6.6) | 314 (12.4) | 418 (16.5) | 363 (14.3) | 294 (11.6) | 247 (9.7) | 267 (10.5) | 189 (7.4) | 65 (2.6) | 2,454 (96.8) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian Census, Thevalakara has a total of 10,473 households. Out of the 42,977 residents, 20,278 are male and 22,699 are female. The total literacy rate is 82.52%, with 16,960 of the male population and 18,506 of the female population being literate. The census location code of the village is 628361.

## Notable personalities

* Thevalakkara Aliyarukunju Moulavi
* Babykuttan Thoolika
# Millington, Connecticut

Millington is a village within the town of East Haddam, Connecticut, United States. Millington lies halfway between East Haddam center and Salem center. It is the section of East Haddam that is the closest to Devil's Hopyard State Park. The village is connected to East Haddam Center and to Devil's Hopyard State Park by a series of secondary roads that are maintained by the state. The road is given an unsigned designation "Special Service Road 434", which runs on Mount Parnassus Road, Millington Road, Haywardville Road, and Hopyard Road.
Millington includes the Millington Green Historic District which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
The village is the site of the Millington Green, a small triangular town green in the center of the village at the junction of Millington, Haywardville, and Tater Hill roads. The Green contains a flagpole, bench, and perennial flower garden and is surrounded by several historic houses, including the Daniel Bulkeley House (built in 1792), the 10th District Schoolhouse (built in 1854), the Millington Green Parsonage (built in 1854), the Julius Schwab House (built in 1950 but incorporating a schoolhouse from 1756), and the Ebenezer Dutton House (built in 1766).
Millington was first settled in 1704 by Jonathan Beebe of New London. An ecclesiastical society separate from Haddam (East Haddam was then part of Haddam) was granted in 1733. The congregational church was organized in 1736 and a meetinghouse constructed on the Green in 1740. The village became a training area for the local militia during the Revolutionary War. The village never recovered from a depression following the War of 1812 and is now a rural residential neighborhood.
# Imperial Cadet Corps

The Imperial Cadet Corps (1901–1917) was a cadet corps or military school founded exclusively to give officer training to the princes and gentlemen of British India. It was founded in November 1901 under the direct surveillance of Lord Curzon at Meerut and Dehradun. Major D. H. Cameroon was made its first commandant and Maharaja Pratap Singh of Idar was made its Honorary Commandant. The youths between 17 and 20 years were selected and admitted as Imperial Cadets; their education was to be at any one of the Chief's college at Rajkot, Indore, Lahore, Ajmer or Raipur. The selected cadets had to join the corps at Meerut or Dehradun. Though the ICC failed in course of time and was closed in 1917, it nevertheless established the precedent for the officer training of Indians in India, which resulted in the founding of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932.

## Notable alumni

* Maharaja Hari Singh of Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir
* Maharaja Pratap Singh of Idar
* Maharajah Shrimant Sir Sajjan Singh of Ratlam
* Major General Thakur Amar Singh of Kanota
* Maharana Shri Sir Vijayasinhji Chhatrasinhji, Maharaja of Rajpipla
* Maharawal Sir Shri Ranjitsimhji Mansimhji of Baria
* Raja Samander Singh Of Weir, Bharatpur
# Gloucester County Courthouse Square Historic District

Gloucester County Courthouse Square Historic District is a national historic district located at Gloucester Courthouse, Gloucester County, Virginia. The district encompasses 17 contributing buildings including the Gloucester County government buildings and those structures bordering the square, housing private businesses, offices and residences. The courthouse was built about 1766, and is a one-story, T-shaped brick structure with a hipped roof. Other notable buildings include the Botetourt Hotel (now the Botetourt Administration Building, c. 1770); the Botetourt Lodge; W. C. Tucker's Department Store Building; S and S Hobbies; and the Kearn's Real Estate storage house.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# Bianca Langham-Pritchard

Bianca Langham-Pritchard (born 29 May 1975) is a former Australian field hockey international. She was part of the 1998 World Cup-winning Australian team.
Born in Hobart, Tasmania, Langham-Pritchard was first selected for the Australian national women's team, the Hockeyroos, in November 1994. She was a member of the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Training Squads, but did not make the final team. In 1998, she won gold at both the World Cup and the Commonwealth Games. Langham-Pritchard played her 100th game for Australia in 1999.
# Hat Mountain (California)

Hat Mountain is a mountain located in the Warner Mountains south of Eagle Peak in California. The peak, which rises to an elevation of 8,741 feet (2,664 m), is the highest point in Lassen County. Lost Lake is located to the northwest of the summit. Most of the precipitation that falls on Hat Mountain is snow due to the high elevation.
# Allt om Historia

Allt om Historia (Swedish: All about History) is a history magazine based in Malmö, Sweden. It has been in circulation since 2005.

## History and profile

Allt om Historia was established in 2005. The first issue was published in September 2005. Based in Malmö, the magazine covers articles and book reviews about historical events. It was based in Lund and was part of Historiska media until May 2010 when it was acquired by the LRF Media. On 1 June 2016 the magazine was sold to the Bonnier Group. It is published by the Bonnier Publications fourteen times a year.
Åke Persson served as the editor-in-chief of Allt om Historia. The magazine sold 22,000 copies in 2007 and 34,100 copies in 2010. The circulation of Allt om Historia was 26,700 copies in 2014.
# Shadow Lawn Historic District (Austin, Texas)

The Shadow Lawn Historic District is a historic district in central Austin, Texas that has a cohesive collection of houses built in the southeast portion of Hyde Park during the late 1920s and 1930s.
Roughly bounded by 38th Street, 39th Street, Avenue G, and Duval Street, the district includes several homes of historic interest from the turn of the twentieth century, including the Col. Monroe M. Shipe House, Hildreth-Flanagan-Heierman House, Frank M. and Annie G. Covert House, Page-Gilbert House, Smith-Marcuse-Lowry House, and the Oliphant-Walker House. This subdivision was platted by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe and indicated by concrete markers, some of which still stand today. Shipe's own home is located at the corner of 39th Street and Avenue G. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
Shadow Lawn's historical significance stems from the architecture of its houses. The district features a number of dwellings with modest Tudor Revival detailing characteristic of historicist "cottage" bungalows built in the 1930s. The dominance of this architectural form is an important feature that distinguishes the district from nearby housing clusters, as no other area in the northern suburbs of Austin contains as high a concentration of Tudor Revival dwellings. Unlike the bungalows in the nearby Hyde Park Historic District, these houses utilized more expensive masonry veneer rather than cheaper wood siding.

## Education

Residents are served by the Austin Independent School District. Residents are assigned to Lee Elementary School, Kealing Middle School, and McCallum High School.
# Inverse lithography

In semiconductor device fabrication, the inverse lithography technology (ILT) is an approach to photomask design. It is basically an approach to solve an inverse imaging problem: to calculate the shapes of the openings in a photomask ("source") so that the passing light produces a good approximation of the desired pattern ("target") on the illuminated material, typically a photoresist. As such, it is treated as a mathematical optimization problem of a special kind, because usually an analytical solution does not exist. In conventional approaches known as the optical proximity correction (OPC) a "target" shape is augmented with carefully tuned rectangles to produce a "Manhattan shape" for the "source", as shown in the illustration. The ILT approach generates curvilinear shapes for the "source", which deliver better approximations for the "target".
The ILT was proposed in 1980s, however at that time it was impractical due to the huge required computational power and complicated "source" shapes, which presented difficulties for verification (design rule checking) and manufacturing. However in late 2000s developers started reconsidering ILT due to significant increases in computational power.
# Nammaw, Homalin

NarMai(မၢၼ်ႈၼႃးမႂ်ႇ) is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. There are ShanNi (Tai Leng)people live in this village. The meaning of NarMai is Nar - Farms, Mai - New, that mean where the place of making and doing new farms.
# Mill–Prospect Street Historic District

The Mill–Prospect Street Historic District in Hatfield, Massachusetts encompasses a historic landscape with over 300 years of industrial and agricultural history. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. The district runs along Prospect Street, a north-south road that roughly bisects Hatfield, from its southern end at Elm Street to a point north of its junction with Chestnut Street, and includes properties on adjacent roadways. The central focus of the district is the Mill River, which meanders from west to east across the district's middle. At the Prospect Street crossing is a cluster of former late 19th century industrial buildings, some of which comprise the Old Mill Site Historic District, listed in 1982.

## History

The area was first settled by English colonists in the 17th century, and it is known that a gristmill stood in the area near the Prospect Street crossing of the river in 1661. Water powered industry operated in that area from then until the 1970s. The rest of the district was agricultural, and the early millworks have not survived. Interest in the area picked up in the early decades of the 19th century; there were houses depicted on a 1794 survey, but none survive. Bridge Street, built by 1830, running west from the mill area, brought increased traffic and development. In 1830 the area was also used in the first formal geographical survey of the state: one end of the Borden Base Line is located in the district demarcated by a buried marker off Bridge Street.
The district's height of growth came in the second half of the 19th century. A significant number of homes lining Prospect Street are in styles typical of the period, and it is when the surviving industrial properties, the Shattuck Gun Factory (now the Old Mill Inn) being the most notable. Also built at that time was a Warren pony truss bridge, which carried Prospect Street across the Mill River until it was closed for safety reasons.
# Wards of New Orleans

The city of New Orleans, in the U.S. state of Louisiana, is divided into 17 wards. Politically, the wards are used in voting in elections, subdivided into precincts. Under various previous city charters of the 19th century, aldermen and later city council members were elected by ward. The city has not had officials elected to represent wards since 1912, but the ward designations remain a part of New Orleans' fabric. Socially, it is not uncommon for New Orleanians from some wards to identify where they are from by their ward number.

## History

Most of the boundaries of Wards 1 through 11 were drawn in 1852 when the city was reorganized from three separate municipalities into one centralized government. With various changes, these boundaries remain largely the same, and have not changed at all since the 1880s. The rest of the Wards were formed from the expansion of the city boundaries in the 1870s. The 12th, 13th, and 14th Wards were formed by annexation of land up river from the older city of New Orleans that had been Jefferson City and Greenville; the 15th by the annexation of the city of Algiers, Louisiana across the Mississippi River from the rest of the city, and finally the 16th and 17th Wards formed from the annexed city of Carrollton.
Beginning in the 1980s, residents began to give new cultural meaning to wards as part of their local identity. Extremely prevalent in New Orleans hip hop (particularly Bounce Music), jazz, and other local genres of music, the concepts of "calling out" one's ward (stating the ward of one's residence), and "throwing up" one's ward (holding one's digits on one or both hands to signify their ward) have become mainstays of local culture and are even embraced casually at culturally mainstream events such as the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. Although this practice is often seen as overly territorial and hostile, sometimes blamed for inciting violence, many simply see it as a friendly camaraderie shared with one's neighborhood.

## Uptown wards

* 1st Ward
* 2nd Ward
* 3rd Ward
* 10th Ward
* 11th Ward
* 12th Ward
* 13th Ward
* 14th Ward
* 16th Ward
* 17th Ward

## Downtown wards

* 4th Ward
* 5th Ward
* 6th Ward
* 7th Ward
* 8th Ward
* 9th Ward

## West Bank wards

* 15th Ward (Algiers)

## Works cited

* Campanella, Richard (2017). Cityscapes of New Orleans. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807168332.
# Goose Hill Road Historic District

Goose Hill Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Cold Spring Harbor in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 11 contributing buildings. It is a small agrarian enclave situated along both sides of a narrow, winding road. The dwellings date from the late 18th to mid-19th century.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Toll Mountain

Toll Mountain is a 7,409-foot-elevation (2,258-meter) summit in Brewster County, Texas, United States.

## Description

Toll Mountain is located in the Chisos Mountains. It ranks as the fourth-highest peak in Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, and the Chisos Mountains, but only the 25th-highest in Texas. The mountain is composed of extrusive volcanic rock which formed during the Oligocene period. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Toll Mountain is located in a hot arid climate zone with hot summers and mild winters. Any scant precipitation runoff from the mountain's slopes drains into Oak Creek, Blue Creek, and Juniper Draw which are all part of the Rio Grande watershed. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,600 feet (792 m) above Juniper Canyon in one mile (1.6 km). The lower slopes of the peak are covered by juniper, oak, and piñon. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1948 by the United States Board on Geographic Names to remember Roger W. Toll (1883–1936), American mountaineer, writer, and a National Park Service official who served as the superintendent of Mount Rainier, Rocky Mountain, and Yellowstone National Parks, and was instrumental in establishing Big Bend National Park. He is also the namesake of Mount Toll in Colorado. In 1936, Roger Toll was part of an international commission to investigate the potential values of a protected area to straddle the Rio Grande area of Texas and Mexico. The report was enthusiastic and the commission endorsed the national park idea. Tragically, Roger Toll and George Wright were killed in a car accident on their return from Texas. Toll and Wright Mountains were named in their memory.
# Gąsawa massacre

The Gąsawa massacre (Polish: Zbrodnia gąsawska, lit. 'Gąsawa crime') was an attack on the night of 23 / 24 November 1227 during a council of Polish Piast dukes which was being held near the village of Gąsawa in Kuyavia, Poland. The High Duke of Poland, Leszek the White, was assassinated, and Duke Henry the Bearded of Silesia was gravely wounded.
At the time of the attack some of the victims were bathing in preparation for retiring for the night, and so the event is also known in Polish historiography as the Gąsawa bloodbath (Polish: krwawa łaźnia w Gąsawie).

## Motive

Responsibility for the attack is generally ascribed by historians to Świętopełk of Pomerania. Świętopełk's aim was to make the Duchy of Gdańsk Pomerania, which his House of Sobiesław held as regents of the Polish rulers, independent of Piast overlordship. The murder of Leszek the White, Świętopełk's suzerain, thus served his interests. However, several historians have pointed to Duke Władysław Odonic, who had forged an alliance with Świętopełk shortly before the attack, as the main instigator. Odonic's actual target would have been his uncle, Duke Władysław Spindleshanks, with whom Odonic had been involved in a long-running conflict over control of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). Under this hypothesis, Odonic provided information necessary for a successful attack to Świętopełk's men, who actually did the deed.
Other historians have disputed this thesis, pointing out that Spindleshanks was not harmed in the attack, that Odonic did not profit from the death of Leszek (with whom he had had generally amicable relations), and that there is no record that contemporaries or the families of the slain held Odonic responsible. Rather, in this view, the blame was ascribed retroactively to Odonic several decades later, during fighting between Dukes of Silesia who were descendants of Henry, and those of Greater Poland, who were related to Odonic. A particularly puzzling fact is the absence of condemnation by ecclesiastical authorities (some of whom were present at the meeting), who at that time took an active role in Polish political affairs and tended to react strongly to regicides.

## Outcomes

Whatever the exact circumstances of, or the responsibility for, the event, it is generally accepted that the crime contributed to the deepening of the feudal fragmentation of Poland. Świętopełk successfully cast off the control of the Piast dukes over Gdańsk Pomerania and began using the title dux (rather than "regent"). Piast control over the area was not re-established until the Treaty of Kępno (1282) between Mściwój II of Pomerania and Przemysł II (perhaps ironically, a grandson of Odonic).
The death of Leszek the White undermined the authority and status of the "High Duke of Poland" (principat), who technically ruled over all the other regional Polish dukes; and the "seniorate" province of Kraków/Małopolska essentially became just another feudal area to be fought over. Poland, as a unified political entity, would not be re-established until the reign of Wenceslaus III or Władysław the Elbow-high at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries.
# William Stirling (British Army officer, born 1907)

General Sir William Gurdon Stirling, GCB, CBE, DSO (25 May 1907 – 29 August 1973) was a British Army officer who reached high office during the 1960s.

## Military career

Born the son of Major Charles Stirling (1870–1914) of Ropers Hall, Bures, Suffolk and his wife the Hon. Amy Harriott Gurdon (1864–1944) (daughter of Lord Cranworth), William Stirling attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from which he was commissioned into the Royal Artillery on 30 August 1926. He served in the Second World War as Assistant Military Secretary at the War Office and was deployed to North Africa and North West Europe.
Stirling was appointed Commander, Royal Artillery for the 1st Infantry Division in Palestine during the Palestine Emergency between 1947 and 1948, going on to be chief of staff at Anti-Aircraft Command between 1950 and 1952. He was appointed commander 27th Infantry Brigade in 1952 and then Principal Staff Officer to the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff in 1956. He became General Officer Commanding of the 2nd Division in 1958 and General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Western Command in 1960.
Stirling went on to be Military Secretary to the Secretary of State for War in 1961 and Commander-in-Chief, British Army of the Rhine and Commander, Northern Army Group in 1963; he retired in 1966.
From 1967 to 1973 Stirling was Gentleman Usher to the Sword of State, an officer of the Royal Household.

## Family

In 1941 Stirling married Frances Marguerite Wedderburn Wilson and together they went on to have three daughters.
# Cyprien Renaudin

Mathieu-Cyprien Renaudin (French pronunciation:; 27 March 1757, Saint-Denis-d'Oléron – 14 February 1836, Saint-Denis d'Oléron) was a French Navy officer. He was cousin to Jean François Renaudin.

## Career

Renaudin started sailing as a seaman in 1781 before rising to Ensign on the 20-gun corvette Perdrix.
On 13 May 1793, he was appointed first officer to the frigate Andromaque, under Jean François Renaudin, on which he sustained a fight against a ship of the line and four Spanish frigates.
On 26 February 1794, Renaudin was appointed first officer on the 74-gun Vengeur du Peuple, still under his cousin. He took part in the Glorious First of June, survived the sinking of Vengeur and was taken prisoner by the British. His report states that he refused to follow Captain Renaudin when he abandoned his ship, and stayed behind to attempt and rescue the wounded of Vengeur.
In 1800, Renaudin was Captain, and was Perrée's flag officer on Généreux at the Battle of the Malta Convoy. There, he was captured with the surrender of Généreux. He was subsequently honourably acquitted during the automatic court-martial for the loss of his ship.
A street of Saint Denis d'Oléron was named in his honour.