OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tag (Hebrew writing)

A tag (Aramaic: תאג, plural tagin, תאגין) is a decoration drawn over some Hebrew letters in the Jewish scrolls of Sifrei Kodesh, Tefillin and Mezuzot. The Hebrew name for this scribal feature is kether (כתר). Tag and kether mean 'crown' in Aramaic and Hebrew respectively.

## Placement

In modern practice, the letters Beth, Daleth, He, Heth, Yud and Quf (mnemonic: BeDeQ-ChaYaH בדק חיה) have one tag. The letters Gimel, Zayin, Tet, Nun, Ayin, Tzadi and Shin (mnemonic: Sha´ATNeZ-GaTz שעטנז גץ), as far back as Talmudic times, have 3 tags. Some manuscripts feature embellished tagin on the top line of each column and some also on all occurrences of the Tetragrammaton other than those prefixed with a lamed.

### Sefer Tagin

About the 2nd century CE, a work called Sefer Tagin (ספר תאגין or ספר תאגי) emerged attributed to Rabbi Akiva which laid out the 1960 places where modified tagin or letter forms occur in a Torah scroll. In it, the locations of letters which receive a number of tagin which differs from the sha'atnez gatz tradition, e.g. the initial beit of bereshith in Genesis 1:1 having 4 tagin as opposed to the usual 1 and the instances of aleph which bear 7 tagin apiece. According to this work, each occurrence of each letter is to be written with between 0 and 7 tagin, as delineated in the lists contained therein.

### Maimonides

This tradition, predating the versification of the Torah text, contains some instruction wherein it is difficult to know what verses are being referenced, thus in the 12th century, Maimonides ruled that though a scribe should do his utmost to incorporate all of the elements of this tradition, called otiyyot meshunot (strange letters), if they are omitted, whether in full or in part, the scroll would not be ruled as pasul (invalid).

## Interpretation

In a notable sugya, in which Moses sees Rabbi Akiva (Menachot 29b), a story in the Babylonian Talmud states that tagin were originally added to the text by God at Mount Sinai, and that Rabbi Akiva would use their presence in order to derive numerous laws by midrash (rabbinic exegesis).
In kabbalistic thought, each tag has special significance and meaning.
# Mellat Park

Mellat Park (Persian: پارک ملت Pārk e Mellat), literally the Nation Park, is an urban park in northern Tehran, Iran.
It is one of the city's largest green spaces, situated adjacent to Valiasr Street at the foot of the Alborz mountains to the east, extending to Chamran Expressway and Seoul Street to the west.
The park lies in the southern grounds of Tehran International Fair and the Enghelab Club. It is home to one of the first musical fountains in Tehran.
The park, designed by Iraj Etesam, was created by the initiative of Shahbanu Farah as the Imperial Park (پارک شاهنشاهی Pārk e Šāhanšāhi). Following the 1979 Revolution, it was renamed Mellat Park. It is also the location of a steam-powered locomotive used on Iran's first railway section, built between 1886 and 1888. The locomotive was built by Belgian group Ateliers de Tubize, commissioned in 1887.

## Mellat Gallery and Cineplex

Mellat Gallery and Cineplex is located to the southeast of the park. It was designed by architects Reza Daneshmir and Catherine Spiridonoff in an area of about 6,000 square meters, and was first opened on November 9, 2008.
The complex includes four theater halls, a cinematheque, and a space for holding exhibitions and marketing cultural products.

## Gallery

* Mount Tochal seen from Mellat Park.
* A cafeteria inside Mellat Park.
* Mellat Cineplex
* People walking at Mellat Park.
* Mellat Park in autumn.
* Mellat Park in autumn.
* Mellat Park in winter.
* Yellow tulips at Mellat Park.
* A vulture at the aviary of Mellat Park.
* Fountains at Mellat Park.
# 神前駅

神前駅 is the name of multiple train stations in Japan:
* Kanzaki Station (disambiguation)
** Kanzaki Station (Kagawa)
* Kōzaki Station (disambiguation)
** Kōzaki Station (Wakayama)
# 西条駅

西条駅 is the name of multiple train stations in Japan:
* Nishijō Station
* Saijō Station
# Francisco Alarcón (footballer)

Francisco Arturo Alarcón Cruz (Spanish pronunciation:, born 25 February 1990) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as a centre back or defensive midfielder for Deportes Recoleta.

## Club career

Alarcón spent two seasons with Cobresal, becoming the runner-up in the 2023 Chilean Primera División.
In 2025, Alarcón signed with Deportes Recoleta.

## International career

Alarcón represented Chile U23 at the 2008 Inter Continental Cup in Malaysia.

## Honours

Santiago Wanderers
* Primera B: 2019
# Maschinenkarabiner 36

The Maschinenkarabiner (M. K.) 36 is a prototype German 9mm submachine gun developed by Hugo Schmeisser.

## Overview

The M.K. 36 represents one of the early attempts to build a submachine gun for widespread issue to infantry troops. M.K. 36s feature a full-length rifle-style furniture, provisions to mount the standard S84/98 bayonet, and tangent leaf sights that go out to 1 km. They have considerably longer barrels than most contemporary submachine guns in an attempt to increase the effective range by boosting muzzle velocity.
The M.K. 36 operates on the blowback operating system and fires from the open bolt. It has a fire selector that allows the operator to choose between semi-automatic and fully automatic firing modes. The fire selector and control mechanisms were largely derived from the earlier MP 28, II. Oddly, the M.K. 36 features a bolt safety, the bolt cannot be cocked without a magazine inserted.
There is photographic evidence of three variants of the M.K. 36: the M.K. 36, III, the M.K. 36, II, and the M.K. 36, II made for Hungarian trials. The variants differ in the type of rifle furniture they mount, bayonet lug configuration, caliber, and the position of the charging handle. The original M.K. 36, II is chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, has a left-side charging handle and a standard German bayonet mount and markings behind the rear right sight. The Hungarian trials M.K. 36, II is chambered in 9×25mm Mauser and features a stacking rod, different bayonet mount meant for Hungarian M35 bayonet, and a right-side charging handle. It is marked in front of the ejection port. The M.K. 36, III returns to 9×19mm, has the standard German bayonet mount, and a right-side charging handle. It is marked in front of the ejection port.

## Bolt design

The design of the recoil spring and bolt was the most controversial and influential aspect of the M.K. 36, III. The design consisted of a series of nested cylinders with the recoil spring inside, with the firing pin affixed to the front of the end cylinder. Another cylinder with the bolt head and charging handle was placed on top of the recoil-spring assembly. This design is almost identical to the design used in the MP38 and MP40 submachine guns that saw widespread use.
However, the competing EMP36 submachine gun by Erma Werke used a similar bolt structure that also involved a telescoping spring. Heinrich Vollmer, a competing designer who designed the EMP36 held the patent for telescoping springs of the type, so production of the M.K. 36, III was halted due to patent infringement. Despite the Vollmer's patent, the bolt design on the MP38 resembles the M.K. 36 III far more than the EMP36.
# Buy Nothing Project

The Buy Nothing Project is a global conglomeration of community-based groups, founded in Bainbridge Island, Washington, in 2013, that encourages giving (or recycling) of consumer goods and services (called "gifts of self") in preference to conventional commerce. The stated aim of the Buy Nothing Project is "to build resilient communities where our true wealth is the connections forged between neighbors". It began as a Facebook campaign, (existing now both on Facebook and as a standalone, independent app) and has built up local groups in the US and other countries, claiming over 4,000 volunteers and 7.5 million community members.

## Global and local impact

On a local level, each Buy Nothing Project group may contribute significantly to local waste prevention and waste reduction efforts, but the actual impact of local Buy Nothing Project groups has not been measured or surveyed.
The project website notes that because the map of groups was based on existing neighborhood boundaries, and those boundaries have been influenced by socioeconomic differences and practices such as redlining, the map "began to align with unjust boundaries, including historic redlining, and this alignment amplified these injustices". In the summer of 2020, the project went through an "equity overhaul" to diversify the local groups. The leader of one in Minneapolis, Minnesota said, "It's been hard to diversify our groups, because our groups reflect our neighborhoods and our neighborhoods are largely segregated in Minneapolis". Globally, the Buy Nothing Project has been featured by print/online media in USA (see references), UK, Asia and Australia, as well as video media such as this report by CBS Mornings: CBS: "Buy Nothing Project" groups offering more than just gifts. With the advent of the Buy Nothing mobile app, membership is possible wherever one is situated in the world and geographic boundaries no longer matter for travellers who want to participate outside of the area where they reside.

## Organization and goals

The Buy Nothing Project encourages local communities to focus on improving the community in which they live and keep groups small and local to minimise distance travelled to pick up items. There is no overt criticism of consumerism, but the project's goals include saving money and reducing waste. The projects' co-founders, Rebecca Rockefeller and Liesl Clark, say that it is not just recycling; it is a way to fuel the gift economy and build community.
Members are expected to follow the rules and mission statement of the project, although in the traditional iteration, via Facebook groups the group leaders or moderators may choose to tailor the rules to better suit their local community of the type of project they wish to coordinate.
Membership is restricted to persons of legal age as prescribed by the laws of each group's geographic location.
# Youth studies

Youth studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the development, history, culture, psychology, and politics of youth. The field studies not only specific cultures of young people, but also their relationships, roles and responsibilities throughout the larger societies which they occupy. The field includes scholars of education, literature, history, politics, religion, sociology, and many other disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. Youth studies encourages the understanding of experiences that are predominantly manifested among young people, generalized phenomenon and social change. The majority of 15- to 24-year-olds in 2008 lived in developing countries. The definition of youth varies across cultural contexts. The social experience and organization of time and space are important themes in youth studies. Scholars examine how neoliberalism and globalization affect how young people experience life, including in comparison to previous generations.

## Topics

* Youth voice
* Youth development
* History of youth (category)
* Youth culture
* Psychology
* Youth politics
* Children's geographies
* Youth empowerment
* Youth rights
* Civic engagement
* Youth participation
* Criminalization
* Youth service
* Youth courts
* Youth work
* Adultism
* Adultcentrism
* Ephebiphobia

## Scholarly and academic journals

* International Journal of Child, Youth & Family Studies.
* Journal of Youth Studies
* Youth Studies Australia
* Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
* Journal of Early Adolescence, ISSN 1552-5449 (electronic) ISSN 0272-4316 (paper)
# William Glisson

William Glisson (8 July 1882 – 10 August 1964) was a South African cricketer. He played in seventeen first-class matches for Eastern Province from 1906/07 to 1922/23.
# Hans Eisenhut

Hans Eisenhut was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the early 1930s. He finished fourth in the four-man event at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
# Bush Head

Bush Head is a summit in the Coconino County, Arizona. It is about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Buckskin Gulch and located on the Paria Plateau west of the Paria River in the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument.
# AD 2041

2041 (MMXLI) will be a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2041st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 41st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2040s decade.
# 839

Year 839 (DCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Prince Sicard of Benevento is assassinated by a conspiracy among the nobility. He is succeeded by Radelchis I, chief army officer and treasurer of Sicard, who proclaims himself ruler of Benevento. He imprisons Siconulf, heir and brother of Sicard, in Taranto. But Amalfitan merchants, led by Landulf I, the gastald of Capua, and with the support of Guaifer, rescue him from prison. Siconulf is proclaimed prince of Salerno, and a civil war erupts, which splits the Lombard principality in Southern Italy.
* Third Civil War: King Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne, invades Swabia. His nephew, Pepin II of Aquitaine, and his Gascon subjects, conquer territory all the way to the Loire.
* May 20 — Thirteen months before his death, Louis the Pious, successor to his father Charlemagne, consents to the division of Charlemagne's empire among his sons in a declaration at Worms. Upon Louis I's death in 840, Lothair (age 45) is devised Middle Francia that includes Switzerland and northern Italy; Louis the German (Louis II), age 36, receives Eastern Francia that includes much of Germany; and Charles the Bald (17) gets West Francia that incorporates most of France.
* The Hungarians (also known as Magyars) who until this time have lived east of the Carpathians, raid the Lower Danube at the request of the Bulgarian Empire against the Byzantine insurgents.
* Approximate date – Danish Vikings return to ravage the Frisian coast (sacking Dorestad for the second time).
* The first official mention of Andorra is recorded, in the manuscripts of the cathedral at La Seu d'Urgell (modern Spain).

#### Britain

* Ecgberht, King of Wessex, dies after a 37-year reign, and is succeeded by his son Æthelwulf ("Noble Wolf") as ruler of Wessex. Æthelwulf's eldest son, Æthelstan, is made sub-king of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex, under his father.
* Battle of 839: Eóganan mac Óengusa, King of the Picts, his brother Bran, Áed mac Boanta, King of Dál Riata, "and others almost innumerable" are killed in a battle fought by the men of Fortriu in Scotland against Vikings. Alpín mac Echdach (Alpín II) apparently succeeds Áed.

## Births

* Charles the Fat, Frankish emperor (d. 888)
* He Quanhao, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 870)
* Liu Chongwang, Chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 900)
* Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Persian scholar (d. 923)

## Deaths

* April 21 – Pei Du, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 765)
* June 16 – Rorgon I, count of Maine (or 840)
* Áed mac Boanta, king of Dál Riata
* Aznar Galíndez I, king of Aragon
* Cathal mac Muirgiussa, king of Connacht
* Chengguan, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 738)
* Cummascach mac Congalaig, king of Brega
* Ecgberht, king of Wessex
* Eóganan mac Óengusa, king of the Picts
* Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi, Muslim prince (b. 779)
* Muhammad at-Taqi, Muslim ninth Ismā'īlī imam (or 840)
* Muiredach mac Eochada, king of Ulaid
* Sicard, prince of Benevento
* Vache, prince of Kakheti
* Wiglaf, king of Mercia
# Tuanku Syed Putra Building

The Tuanku Syed Putra Building is an office building in George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Completed in 1962, the building, situated at Downing Street within the city's Central Business District (CBD), is owned by the Malaysian federal government and accommodates the Penang General Post Office (GPO). It once served as the seat of the Penang state government and, until 1966, was the tallest building in George Town.

## Background

Prior to the Japanese invasion in 1941, the U-shaped Government Offices at the junction of Downing and Beach streets functioned as the administrative seat of Penang, then part of the British crown colony of the Straits Settlements. The complex, built in phases between 1884 and 1909, consisted of three two-storey blocks accommodating the Governor's office and various government departments.
In 1945, the Government Offices were largely destroyed by Allied aerial bombardment, with only a section (now occupied by the Penang Islamic Council) remaining. After the British recaptured Penang, administrative agencies had to be temporarily relocated to nearby Japanese-built godowns and commercial structures, resulting in inefficiencies in the post-war administration of the colony due to the dispersed offices. As the prospect of independence for the Malayan federation approached, there were proposals for a centralised office block to accommodate both federal and state departments, but plans were put on hold due to a nationwide communist insurgency.

## History

In 1957, the Malayan federal government allocated $1.2 million (Malaya and British Borneo dollar) for the construction of a new government office building as part of the First Malayan Five-Year Plan. The new building was planned for a 1-acre (0.40 ha) site at Downing Street where the destroyed Government Offices had stood. Construction of the new building commenced in 1959 and was expedited to meet a 1961 deadline.
The new building, designed in the International style, has a total floor area of 125,000 sq ft (11,600 m$^2$), with the Penang General Post Office (GPO) occupying 35,000 sq ft (3,300 m$^2$) on the ground floor. Office spaces make up 80,000 sq ft (7,400 m$^2$) and the remaining 10,000 sq ft (930 m$^2$) is designated for the staff canteen. Named after the then Malayan King Tuanku Syed Putra, the 10-storey building eventually cost $3.2 million.
Upon its completion in 1962, The Straits Times reported that the building "contrasts sharply with the pre-war colonial façades facing the King Edward Place, Weld Quay and Beach Street". It became the tallest building in George Town, surpassing the adjacent HSBC Building in height, and retained this status until 1966 when it was superseded by Hotel Ambassador. In addition to serving as the seat of government in Penang, the building was where the state's Justices of the Peace first organised into an association. Penang's seat of government relocated to the newly completed Komtar in 1986, while the building remains in use by federal government agencies and the Penang GPO.
# Henry Arthur Ward

Henry Arthur Ward (1838–1903) was a Birmingham whistle maker who made whistles of high quality, all rare and hard to find. He made whistles from 1876 to 1903.

## History and addresses

| 65 Weasman Street | 1889–1897 |
| 27 Loveday street | 1898 - 1902 |
| 99 Snow hill | 1903 - 1908 |
H. A. Ward is one of the whistle makers that little is known about, and most of it is revealed by his designs and stamps, which testify to an innovative maker of high-quality whistles. All his whistles are rare and some were discovered only in the last year or two (2008).
During 1889–1890 he had some partnership with a Birmingham whistle maker named Peter McDonald and they applied for a patent # 2980 in February 1890, the patent was never granted, it was for a Glasgow-style escargot-type whistle constructed of 6 parts in a way similar to one that S Auld received a patent for in the same year.

## Models and types

* Escargot-type whistles; H A Ward may have made the First model of the famous "Thunderer" London style whistle, later to be become popular by with numerous whistle manufacturers until J Hudson and co. were granted the registered trade mark at 1927 after years of legal fights and claims. Only one London style of H A Ward 'Thunderer' had been seen.
* Glasgow style Escargot, The Alpha Improved Call No 23 & No 24 are two rare samples and they were planned for use for railway guards and with the Glasgow area police forces which preferred using round pea whistles and escargot-type while the rest of England adopted the cylindrical two notes GSW. (General service whistle).
* small types of musical slide whistles of one octave range.
* Beaufort whistles.
* General service whistles, mostly ones stamped with " Police or Fire whistle " name variations. These were made with cast top mouthpieces at the earlier ones and later with rolled mouthpieces.
Of the British whistle makers, he was the only one that seemed to have made cast GSWs, though they may have been made at B Lily & Sons in Birmingham, since they were one of his main outlets for selling whistles in Birmingham and also made cast patterns in pewter and Britannia metal. It may be noted here that B Lily & sons were located at the same street as J Hudson & Co at the time and sold other makers but Hudson's. and supplied whistles ordered from Ward, De Courcy and T Yates among others.
* Round pea whistles some stamped and some not, Many named; 'Midget', 'Express', made for B Lily & Sons
* Two pipes or multi tube whistles with inline mouthpiece.

## Body stamps

* 'H.A.W', 'Thunderer', 'The City Whistle'
* 'The City Police', 'The Standart Police or Fire', 'L.M.S' London Midland & Scottish Railway.
* 'The City Police or Fire Whistle' in 5 Lines & in 3 Lines along the whistle cylindrical body.
* 'Express' on a round pea whistle, 'Speedwell' on a Double pipe type.
# Pearse Cahill

Pearse Cahill (1917 – 7 December 2011) was an Irish aviation pioneer from Skerries, County Dublin, Ireland. His father started Iona National Airways in 1930 and Pearse operated the airline for many years.

## Family

Cahill was married to Constance and had three children – Enda, Hugh and Peter.

## Aviation

In 1933, Cahill made his first solo flight at Kildonan.
# Parthajit Baruah

Parthajit Baruah is a film historian and practitioner known for his in-depth academic contributions and cinematic works. He has authored several scholarly books on cinema, including Face to Face: The Cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan (2016). His research extends to significant projects on Assamese cinema, undertaken at the National Film Archive of India, where he has contributed to preserving and documenting the region's cinematic heritage. As a filmmaker, Baruah has directed 13 documentaries and a feature film, The Nellie Story (2023), focusing on socio-political themes, showcasing his commitment to addressing critical issues through visual storytelling.

## Books and films

Baruah's another book Jyotiprasad Joymoti Indramalati and Beyond: History of Assamese Cinema deals with the life and works of Jyotiprasad Agarwala, one of the pioneers of Indian cinema. His another book A History of India’s North-East Cinema is all set for publication.
Baruah's documentary The Dhemaji Tragedy, about a bombing on August 15, 2004, by militant group United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) at Dhemaji parade ground was appreciated in several film festivals.
Baruah's debut feature film Nellier Kotha (The Nellie Story) takes a humanizing look at the Nellie massacre, a dark chapter in the socio-political history of Assam.
# Callum Timmins

Callum Timmins (born 23 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Newcastle Jets.

## Honours

Individual
* A-Leagues All Star: 2022
# Macrobdella diplotertia

Macrobdella diplotertia, the Ozark highlands leech, is a species of leech found in the southern United States.
M. diplotertia was described in 1975 from Missouri, and has since been recorded from Kansas and Arkansas. It is believed to be the sister taxon to Macrobdella decora. A diagnostic characteristic is the arrangement of the copulatory gland pores. The species can grow up to 66 millimetres (2.6 in) long.