OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Patrick Ryan (disambiguation)

Michael Patrick Ryan (1825–1893) was an Irish-born Canadian politician and businessperson.
Michael Patrick Ryan may also refer to:
* Michael Patrick Ryan (baseball) or Mike Ryan (1868–1935), American baseball player
* Michael Patrick Ryan (marine) (1916–2005), US Marine Corps general
* Michael Patrick Ryan (soccer) or Mike Ryan (1935–2012), Irish-American soccer coach
# Semmering, Austria

Semmering is a town in the district of Neunkirchen in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is noted for its skiing, and has hosted the Alpine skiing World Cup several times. When the Semmering Railway was completed in 1854, the town quickly became a popular tourist getaway in winter months. In 2011, the town had a permanent population of 571.

## Resort
### History of the resort

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the better Viennese society discovered the Semmering as a nearby summer resort - destination.
The town was revived with the construction of the Semmering Railway, which opened 1854.
* Südbahnhotel, build 1882
* Kurhotel, build 1909
* Hotel Panhans, build 1888 (1913)

### Location

Semmering is located on the border of Lower Austria and Styria at an elevation of 1,000 m (3,280 ft) above sea level and surrounded with forest. Semmering city is located in Neunkirchen, about 100 km (60 mi) from Vienna.

### Winter season

As usual, winter season starts in December and lasts until mid-April. The Semmering resort in winter is a ski village with:
* 14 km slopes for daytime skiing (3 out of them for beginners, 10 - intermediate, 1 - black)
* 13 km slopes for night skiing (Semmering has one of the best lighting system in Europe)
* 12 km slopes available for racing ski
* toboggan run of 3 km
* Split Park
* Vertical height up to 400 m (1,310 ft).
* Semmering is famous for its alpine skiing, and has hosted the World Cup races several times.
* Semmering railway was listed as World Heritage Site of UNESCO in 2005.

## Sports

Semmering has hosted FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup competitions several times, sometimes during evenings in illuminated slopes. The events have usually attracted many spectators.
# Novyi Buh

Novyi Buh (Ukrainian: Новий Буг, pronounced ) is a city in Bashtanka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, Bashtanka Raion, Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Novyi Buh urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 14,782 (2022 estimate). In 2001, population was 16,250. The Inhul River Park partly falls within the town.

## History

Until 18 July 2020, Novyi Buh was the administrative center of Novyi Buh Raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four, Novyi Buh Raion was merged into Bashtanka Raion. The city was not greatly affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Michael S. Ryan

Michael S. Ryan may refer to:
* Michael S. Ryan (film producer) or Mike S. Ryan (fl. 2006–2007), American film producer
* Michael Sean Ryan (born 1977), American baseball player
* Michael Stuart Ryan or Mike Ryan (born 1979), English footballer
# Cuffing season

Cuffing season is typically defined as the time of year when single people actively search for short-term romantic partners to spend the colder months with, typically (in Northern Hemisphere locations) from October through March, culminating with Valentine's Day. The term "cuff" is slang that alludes to handcuffs and means metaphorically to attach oneself to another individual.
Cuffing season usually commences at the start of autumn when the weather starts to become prohibitively cold for outdoor activities. The lack of sunlight, outdoors, and warmth may lead some single people to become lonely and desperate. In addition, being in a relationship in the winter months allows for companionship during holidays. The rise of dating apps like Tinder further contributed to the phenomenon. However, engaging in such a relationship with a superficial basis may lead to emotional drama for some people in the long term.
There is no evidence that cuffing season has a biological basis, but psychological factors likely exist. It is possible that there may be hormone changes during winter that relate to the phenomenon. The colder temperatures and darker days may affect melatonin and serotonin levels which theoretically could affect one's mood in a way that leads to cuffing. According to Facebook data, people often change their relationship status to "in a relationship" between October and February, and a significant number change it back to "single" in March. One study from The Girls Chase found that two out of three cuffed partnerships end by June.

## Origins

The exact origins of the term "cuffing" is not entirely clear. It is thought the term "cuff" originated from the African-American vernacular as a verb meaning to "hook up". Urban Dictionary defined the term "cuffing season" in 2011. Some sources suggest that it was first used by college newspapers in 2011. In subsequent years, the term gained popularity on social media during the fall of 2013 and fall of 2016. The term gained popularity in college jargon and was later used in the title of a 2013 song by rapper Fabolous, which helped introduce it to the general public.
# Taekwondo at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's individual poomsae

The men's individual poomsae event at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 24 September 2023 at Lin'an Sports and Culture Centre, Hangzhou, China.
Like kyorugi events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals. From the preliminary round to the quarterfinals, practitioners performed recognized poomsae routines. From the semifinals and onward, they performed a recognized routine for the first program and then did a freestyle routine for the second program. There were seven judges on the panel, and the average score of the five judges, excluding the highest and the lowest points, was the final score.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Sunday, 24 September 2023 | 09:00 | Round of 16 |
| Sunday, 24 September 2023 | 09:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Sunday, 24 September 2023 | 14:00 | Semifinals |
| Sunday, 24 September 2023 | 14:00 | Gold medal contest |

## Results

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Gold medal contest | Gold medal contest |
| | | Kang Wan-jin (KOR) | 7.81 | | | | |
| Nuttapat Kaewkan (THA) | 7.67 | Nuttapat Kaewkan (THA) | 7.54 | | | | |
| Darren Yap (SGP) | 7.62 | | | Kang Wan-jin (KOR) | 7.41 | | |
| Wahid Moghis (KSA) | 7.40 | | | Trần Hồ Duy (VIE) | 7.12 | | |
| Nooruddin Husain (BAN) | 6.46 | Wahid Moghis (KSA) | 7.23 | | | | |
| Trần Hồ Duy (VIE) | 7.78 | Trần Hồ Duy (VIE) | 7.49 | | | | |
| Chan Chung Yin (HKG) | 7.65 | | | | | Kang Wan-jin (KOR) | 7.73 |
| Patrick King Perez (PHI) | 7.70 | | | | | Ma Yun-zhong (TPE) | 7.48 |
| Souksavanh Chanthilath (LAO) | 7.44 | Patrick King Perez (PHI) | 7.56 | | | | |
| Aqdus Ullah Qadeer (PAK) | 7.25 | Prem Bahadur Limbu (NEP) | 7.16 | | | | |
| Prem Bahadur Limbu (NEP) | 7.36 | | | Patrick King Perez (PHI) | 6.91 | | |
| Jason Loo (MAS) | 7.91 | | | Ma Yun-zhong (TPE) | 7.45 | | |
| Tong Hou Pan (MAC) | 7.51 | Jason Loo (MAS) | 7.77 | | | | |
| Morteza Zendehdel (IRI) | 7.91 | Ma Yun-zhong (TPE) | 7.95 | | | | |
| Ma Yun-zhong (TPE) | 7.92 | | | | | | |
# Louis Sévèke

Jean Louis Bernhard Sévèke (Venray, 28 April 1964 – Nijmegen, 15 November 2005) was a Dutch radical left activist, journalist and writer. He was known for his legal action against the Police and the Dutch intelligence service. He was murdered by former comrade Marcel Teunissen in 2005.

## Life

Sévèke lived in Nijmegen from 1984, and later stopped his studies to become a full-time activist, involved in several squatting movements. He lived at the Grote Broek. In 1990 he authored a book about Dutch intelligence, called De tragiek van een geheime dienst ('The tragedy of a secret service'), and wrote for publications including Buro Jansen & Janssen, NRC Handelsblad and Vrij Nederland. He used his knowledge of security services and law to sue government agencies, and set up an organisation called Werkgroep Klachten Politieoptreden (Workgroup for complaints against acts of the police) that denounced police and judicial actions.

## Death

Sévèke was shot dead, aged 41, in the city centre of Nijmegen on 15 November 2005. Family and friends were baffled as to the identity of the murderer. Since that time rumours of involvement of police or secret services have abounded. A year after the murder the police seemed to have made little headway. It has been suggested that the Dutch secret service (AIVD) had a 24/7 surveillance on Sévèke at the time of his murder; however, there were no signs of information coming from the secret service to the police.

## Teunissen

On 28 March 2007 the public prosecutor on the case revealed that a 38-year-old man from Rotterdam, named Marcel Teunissen according to the Spanish police, had confessed to the murder. The murderer and victim knew each other from the squatting movement. The following day, it was revealed that revenge might have been the motive for the murder. Some people suggest that Sévèke suspected Teunissen to be an informant of the intelligence agency, and Teunissen had "sworn revenge" in his diary for being removed from the squatting scene because of that suspicion. Sévèke's family denies that Teunissen was removed from the scene but instead went away himself as a result of a discussion on taking money from houseowners for leaving. It was also suggested that the two men were linked since Sévèke had earlier helped Teunissen escape from prison.
Teunissen was convicted of the murder of Sévèke in March 2008, and was sentenced to full life imprisonment.
# Edward J. Samp

Edward Joseph Samp (July 7, 1889 – December 20, 1967) was an American college football player and coach and politician. In 1913, he became the head football coach at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York.

## College student and athlete

Samp attended the University of Wisconsin, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. A talented athlete, he played baseball, rowed, and was an all-conference performer in football. Samp lettered in three season on the football team under coaches Thomas A. Barry, John R. Richards, and William Juneau. He played fullback for the 1910 and 1911 season, but moved to tackle for the 1912 season. This move helped the 1912 team to win the Western Conference title. After the season, he was named All-Western tackle as well as mentioned in Walter Camp's 1912 All-American review.

## College coach

After graduating from Wisconsin, Samp became head football coach of Hamilton College for the 1914 season. That season his squad won three games, lost four games, and tied one. The following year, he became an assistant football coach at his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin. In 1918 The New York Times reported that he had taken a head coach position at Williams College.

## Later life

Samp later went into real estate in Wisconsin. He ran for State Treasurer in the Republican primary against Solomon Levitan in 1930 as part of a movement to remove progressives from statewide office. He lost the vote by 360,110 to 219,915. After the election he continued to be involved in politics, including serving as State Republican Chairman. He died on December 20, 1967, at the age of 78.
# Rhona Adair

Rhona Kathleen Adair (2 September 1881 – 27 March 1961) was an Irish amateur golfer. She won the British Ladies Amateur twice and the Irish Ladies' Close Championships four times at the start of the twentieth century.

## Life

Adair was born in Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland. She was the daughter of keen golfers Hugh Adair and (Mary) Augusta Lee Adair (née Graves). Her father manufactured linen but he and her mother captained golf teams.
Along with May Hezlet, Adair is the most famous Irish golfer from the turn of the 20th century. She was 17 years of age when she played in her first British Ladies Amateur in 1895. In 1899 she nearly beat the 77 year old "Old Tom Morris" who had designed the St Andrews Links where they were playing. Morris was quoted as having said "I'll no' be licked by a lassie", but only won on the final green. Adair went on to win the British Ladies Amateur in 1900 and again in 1903. She also won four straight Irish Ladies' Close Championships from 1900 to 1903.
She played several golfing exhibition matches on a 1903 tour of the United States. While there she befriended Genevieve Hecker, the two-time U.S. Women's Amateur champion. Hecker asked her to contribute a chapter on British golf for her book published in 1904 titled Golf for Women, the first book written for female golfers. Adair defeated leading American golfer Margaret Curtis during a tournament at Merion, Philadelphia and this led the Illustrated Sporting News to say that she was "the foremost lady golfer in the world".
In October 1906, Adair married Algernon Cuthell, an army Captain from West Yorkshire and gave up her career in competitive golf to raise two children in Aldershot. Cuthell was killed in action in the Dardanelles during World War I. After he died she returned to Ireland where she remained supportive of women's golf and rose to be president of the Irish Ladies Golf Union; she was president in 1961 when she died at Portrush in County Antrim.
# Harry Selover

Henry Thomas Selover (24 July 1898 – 18 May 2001) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The fourth and youngest child of William Henry Selover, and Ellen Selover (1869-1943), née Vincent, Henry Thomas Selover was born at South Yarra, Victoria on 24 July 1898.
He married Eileen Mary Ambrose (1902-1993) on 14 August 1924. They had two children: Wendy Patricia Selover (1925-1999), later Mrs. George Henry Yates, and Peter Vincent Selover (1929-2017).

## Death

He died at Carrum Downs, Victoria on 18 May 2001.
# Planetary chauvinism

Planetary chauvinism is the belief that human society will always be planet-based (even if extended beyond Earth), and overlooks or ignores the potential benefits of space-based living. The idea can be extended to alien society in general, that is, we should expect alien society to be planet based. The coining of the term is often credited to Isaac Asimov, but in an interview with Bill Boggs, Asimov mentions that he heard it from Carl Sagan. The counter-argument is that all the benefits of a planet can be achieved in space, e.g., by an O'Neill cylinder-type structure.
An even narrower version of planetary chauvinism is G-star chauvinism. This is the assumption that intelligent life will always evolve in star systems similar to our own, that is, in stars of spectral class G. Carl Sagan criticised this belief on the grounds that intelligent life has a greater chance of evolving on the most long lived stars. That suggests that class-M and class-K stars are more likely candidates, not only because of their lifetime, but also because they are far more numerous than class-G stars.
There are several hypotheses of the possibility of life originating in the universe in places other than planets.

## Surface chauvinism

Thomas Gold, who advocated for the possibility of life in deep biospheres below the surfaces of celestial bodies, has criticized science which only focuses on the surface and not below in its search of life as surface chauvinism.
Similarly, the focus on surface-bound and territorial space advocacy, particularly for space colonization, has been termed surfacism, neglecting interest for atmospheres and potential atmospheric human habitation, such as colonization above the surface of Venus.
# Eva Regnier

Eva Dorothy Regnier (born 1971) is a decision scientist whose research concerns the interaction between human decision-making and environmental prediction. She is a professor of decision science in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy of the Naval Postgraduate School.

## Education and career

Regnier graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992 with a bachelor's degree in environmental engineering science. After working from 1993 to 1996 in industry as an environmental engineer, she went to the Georgia Institute of Technology for a master's degree in operations research in 1999 and a Ph.D. in industrial engineering in 2001. Her dissertation, Discounted Cash Flow Methods and Environmental Decisions, was supervised by Craig Tovey.
She joined the Defense Resources Management Institute of the Naval Postgraduate School in 2001, moved to the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy in 2017, and was promoted to full professor in 2019.
Regnier was president of the INFORMS Forum on Women in Operations Research and Management Science for 2011.

## Contributions

Regnier has published well-cited works on volatility in energy markets and on decision-making for evacuations based on hurricane predictions. Other topics in her research include correlations between pirate activity and predicted changes in climate and weather. Her work on hurricane evacuation was a finalist for the INFORMS Junior Faculty Forum award, and her work developing a tool to simulate the hurricane decision-making process was a finalist in the INFORMS MSOM Practice Based Research Competition. She received the INFORMS Decision Analysis Society Publication Award for her work on probability forecasting.

## Selected publications

* ↑ Regnier, Eva (May 2007), "Oil and energy price volatility", Energy Economics, 29 (3): 405–427, Bibcode:2007EneEc..29..405R, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2005.11.003
* ↑ Regnier, Eva (January 2008), "Public Evacuation Decisions and Hurricane Track Uncertainty", Management Science, 54 (1): 16–28, doi:10.1287/mnsc.1070.0764, hdl:10945/32553, S2CID 19971780
* ↑ Esher, Leslie; Hall, Stacey; Regnier, Eva; Sanchez, Paul J.; Hansen, James A.; Singham, Dashi (December 2010), "Simulating pirate behavior to exploit environmental information" (PDF), Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference, IEEE, pp. 1330–1335, doi:10.1109/wsc.2010.5679060, hdl:10945/35301, ISBN 978-1-4244-9866-6, S2CID 1499085
# Stits SA-11A Playmate

The Stits SA-11A Playmate is a homebuilt aircraft design that features a rapid wing-folding mechanism for trailering or storage.

## Design

The SA-11A is a single engine, side-by-side configuration seating, tricycle gear, strut-braced, low wing monoplane. The fuselage is welded steel tubing with aircraft fabric covering. The wings have a quick release mechanism that allows them to fold and lock alongside the fuselage in 15–30 seconds. Safety mechanisms were put in place so pilots could visually inspect that the wings were locked in place. A small sideways seat in the rear can accommodate 150 lb (68 kg) of luggage or a light passenger.

## Operational history

The prototype was donated by Ray Stits in 1969 to the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Its engine went into the Stits SA-9A "Skycoupe" prototype for testing and development.

## Specifications (SA-11A Playmate)

Data from Sport Aviation
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity: 1
* Length: 18 ft 4 in (5.59 m)
* Height: 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)
* Wing area: 120 sq ft (11 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 886 lb (402 kg)
* Gross weight: 1,500 lb (680 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 24 U.S. gallons (91 L; 20 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-320 Horizontally opposed piston, 150 hp (110 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 115 kn (132 mph, 212 km/h)
* Cruise speed: 100 kn (120 mph, 190 km/h)
* Range: 369 nmi (425 mi, 684 km)
* Service ceiling: 17,500 ft (5,300 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,625 ft/min (8.26 m/s)
# RATS! (film)

RATS! is a 2024 American independent comedy film written and directed by Maxwell Nalevansky and Carl Fry. The film is set in the fictional town of Pfresno, Texas in the year 2007 and follows Raphael, who, after being arrested by an overzealous police officer, gets caught up in a chaotic world of drug kingpins, ecoterrorists, mallrats, and rappers. The film blends gross-out humor with social commentary, highlighting the disorder of small-town life and youth counterculture in 2000s Texas. The film received the bronze audience award for Best International Feature at the 2024 Fantasia Film Festival.

## Plot

Raphael, a young man from Pfresno, Texas, is arrested by the unhinged Officer Williams for graffiti. After his release from jail, he becomes entangled in a mission targeting his cousin Mateo, suspected of possessing nuclear weapons. Raphael's confession to Mateo uncovers a personal vendetta Officer Williams has against him from high school, complicating the situation further.

## Cast

* Danielle Evon Ploeger as Officer Williams
* Luke Wilcox as Raphael Tinski
* Darius Autry as Mateo
* Khali Sykes as Bernadette
* Ariel Ash as Shay Burrata
* Jacob Wysocki as Billy
* Pineapple Tangoroa as Panda

## Production

RATS! was shot in Pflugerville, Texas, a town located near Austin, where co-writer and co-director Carl Fry has lived for the past decade. The story was brought to life in just 16 days with a cast and crew largely based in Austin. The film draws inspiration from the anarchic energy of the Austin 1990s DIY film scene.

## Release and reception
### Festivals

RATS! was selected to screen at the following film festivals:
* 2023 Cucalorus Film Festival
* 2024 Fantasia Film Festival
* 2024 Calgary Underground Film Festival
* 2024 New/Next Film Festival
* 2024 Tallahassee Film Festival
* 2024 Seattle International Film Festival
* 2024 Florida Film Festival
* 2024 Saskatoon Fantastic Film Festival
* 2024 Splat! Film Festival
* 2024 Indy Film Fest
* 2024 New Hampshire Film Festival
* 2024 Fantaspoa International Fantastic Film Festival

### Critical response

Rats! has received praise for its offbeat and outrageous humor, Dread Central stating that RATS! was “repulsive and crude, but it’s also full of heart.” The Houston Chronicle remarks that the film’s raw, no-holds-barred approach “boasts a level of exaggerated bad taste that John Waters might admire.” The Gauntlet praised the film's tribute to indie cinema, stating that it “serves as a testament to the personal allure of independent cinema,” showcasing the unique draw of low-budget filmmaking.