# Jiangjin, Chongqing

Jiangjin District (Chinese: 江津区; pinyin: Jiāngjīn Qū), one of the districts in the southwest of Chongqing, China, lies along the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and has a history extending back more than 1500 years. The district covers 3200 square kilometres and has a population of 1,359,611 in 2020, and borders the provinces of Sichuan to the southwest and Guizhou to the south. The district government seat of Jiangjin District is 50 km (31 mi) away by highway, 65 km (40 mi) away by railway and 72 km (45 mi) away by waterway from Yuzhong District in central Chongqing.

## Administrative divisions

Jiangjin District administers 25 townships and 5 subdistricts.
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Jijiang Subdistrict | 几江街道 | Jǐjiāng Jiēdào | 196,787 | 35.2 |
| Dingshan Subdistrict | 鼎山街道 | Dǐngshān Jiēdào | 196,787 | 33.35 |
| Degan Subdistrict | 德感街道 | Dégǎn Jiēdào | 83,950 | 122.8 |
| Shuangfu Subdistrict | 双福街道 | Shuāngfú Jiēdào | 47,962 | 66 |
| Shengquan Subdistrict | 圣泉街道 | Shèngquán Jiēdào | not established | |
| Youxi town | 油溪镇 | Yóuxī Zhèn | 63,386 | 154.11 |
| Wutan town | 吴滩镇 | Wútān Zhèn | 29,206 | 51.3 |
| Shimen town | 石门镇 | Shímén Zhèn | 35,665 | 65.5 |
| Zhuyang town | 朱杨镇 | Zhūyáng Zhèn | 26,335 | 55 |
| Shima town | 石蟆镇 | Shímá Zhèn | 69,881 | 202 |
| Yongxing town | 永兴镇 | Yǒngxìng Zhèn | 32,535 | 162 |
| Tanghe town | 塘河镇 | Tánghé Zhèn | 13,813 | 64 |
| Baisha town | 白沙镇 | Báishā Zhèn | 115,761 | 238 |
| Longhua town | 龙华镇 | Lónghuá Zhèn | 27,849 | 84.81 |
| Lishi town | 李市镇 | Lǐshì Zhèn | 66,620 | 183 |
| Ciyun town | 慈云镇 | Cíyún Zhèn | 18,551 | 27.5 |
| Caijia town | 蔡家镇 | Càijiā Zhèn | 43,922 | 230 |
| Zhongshan town | 中山镇 | Zhōngshān Zhèn | 20,509 | 56 |
| Jiaping town | 嘉平镇 | Jiāpíng Zhèn | 18,883 | 52 |
| Bailin town | 柏林镇 | Bǎilín Zhèn | 38,564 | 91.5 |
| Siping town | 四屏镇 | Sìpíng Zhèn | 38,564 | 60 |
| Xianfeng town | 先锋镇 | Xiānfēng Zhèn | 48,586 | 50.4 |
| Luohuang town | 珞璜镇 | Luòhuáng Zhèn | 71,515 | 148.5 |
| Jiasi town | 贾嗣镇 | Jiǎsì Zhèn | 27,327 | 83.92 |
| Xiaba town | 夏坝镇 | Xiàbà Zhèn | 17,486 | 39.4 |
| Xihu town | 西湖镇 | Xīhú Zhèn | 38,386 | 143 |
| Dushi town | 杜市镇 | Dùshì Zhèn | 26,879 | 55 |
| Guangxing town | 广兴镇 | Guǎngxìng Zhèn | 11,222 | 40 |
| Simianshan town | 四面山镇 | Sìmiànshān Zhèn | 4,889 | 255.2 |
| Zhiping town | 支坪镇 | Zhīpíng Zhèn | 36,680 | 81 |

## History

Jiangjin enjoys a history of more than 1500 years. Established in 487 C. E., Jiangzhou County was renamed Jiangyang County in 557 C. E. and renamed Jiangyang County in 583 C. E. In 1983, Jiangjin County placed under the administration of Chongqing city. In 1992, the Jiangjin County was promoted to a county-level city. In 2006, the status of Jiangjin county-level city was changed to Jiangjin District, a district of Chongqing.

## Geographical setting

Jiangjin lies within central China at 105°49′—106°38′of longitude and 28°28′—29°28′of north latitude. The landscape and topography of Jiangjin slopes from high elevations in the south and low in the north. Luohuangzhongba stands at the lowest elevation (178.5 m). The highest site, Wugongba in Simian Mountain, reaches an elevation of 1709.4 m. The average elevation of downtown Jiangjin is 209.7 m, with a flood stage designated at an elevation of 199.13 m.

## Climate and weather

The subtropical monsoon climate features an annual average temperature of 18.3 °C (64.9 °F), a monthly average temperature of 8.0 °C (46.4 °F) in January and 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) in July, with total annual radiation of 1273.6 hrs, total annual rainfall of 1,000.9 mm (39.41 in), a frost-free period of 341 days and annual average relative humidity of 81%.
Climate data for Jiangjin, elevation 261 m (856 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 34.7 (94.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 39.4 (102.9) | 38.3 (100.9) | 41.2 (106.2) | 44.3 (111.7) | 42.9 (109.2) | 35.8 (96.4) | 29.5 (85.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 44.3 (111.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.9 (57.0) | 18.9 (66.0) | 24.2 (75.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 29.7 (85.5) | 33.8 (92.8) | 34.1 (93.4) | 28.8 (83.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.5 (63.5) | 11.9 (53.4) | 22.8 (73.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 18.7 (65.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.3 (46.9) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | 15.9 (60.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | 1.1 (34.0) | 0.3 (32.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 10.3 (50.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 15.0 (59.0) | 7.1 (44.8) | 3.6 (38.5) | −0.9 (30.4) | −0.9 (30.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17.8 (0.70) | 18.8 (0.74) | 45.2 (1.78) | 95.4 (3.76) | 129.4 (5.09) | 175.0 (6.89) | 154.6 (6.09) | 127.9 (5.04) | 105.3 (4.15) | 83.8 (3.30) | 45.8 (1.80) | 23.0 (0.91) | 1,022 (40.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.4 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 13.3 | 16.5 | 12.1 | 11.3 | 154.4 |
| Average snowy days | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 78 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 82 | 75 | 72 | 79 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 23.7 | 39.9 | 81.5 | 112.8 | 118.2 | 108.8 | 189.7 | 189.8 | 112.5 | 55.3 | 43.6 | 23.5 | 1,099.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 7 | 13 | 22 | 29 | 28 | 26 | 45 | 47 | 31 | 16 | 14 | 7 | 24 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

At present, six national-level highways provide transportation corridors to Jiangjin. For example, both the Chengdu-Chongqing and Yuqin freeways serve to ease traffic problems in Jiangjin. The Luohuang Yangtse River Railway Bridge and Jiangjin Yangtze River Bridge provide convenient access to Jiangjin. The Yangtze River pass through Jiangjin, creating a 305 km (190 mi) long waterway when including tributary waterways in the District; Jiangjin has five nationally recognized deep-watered ports along its rivers. Jiangjin District is well connected to the Chongqing city center via three major highway. Just 50 mins drive from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport to Jiangjin.

### Chongqing Rail Transit

Jiangjin District is served by Jiangtiao line of Chongqing Rail Transit.

## Economy

Jiangjin, as one of several citrus producing areas in China, has a long history of citrus cultivation. The 'Jincheng' orange originated here. Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, soybean, sweet potato, pepper corn, vegetables and fruits. Animal husbandry includes pig farms and fisheries.
In 2006, the total annual GDP was CNY14.894 billion and the annual average income per copita is CNY10,458 in Jangjin. It posted the 7th highest GDP in 2016. Zhiping country is the key focus of high end development in 2017. Large Chinese residential developers were turned away without an exciting development proposal despite offering high RMB2m per acre. Third Communist Liberation Army will be relocated to Zhiping with a massive 1500 acres of land, providing medical services, military training and housing facilities for high-ranking military officers and families.

## Tourism

One of the tourist attractions in Jiangjin District, Simian Mountain, is known for its natural environment, forests, lakes, rivers and waterfalls. It is located approximately 140 km (87 mi) from the Chongqing downtown area. Another tourist attraction is the Zhongshan Ancient Town, with a historical record of its existence dating 850 or so years back to the Song dynasty. A more recent tourist attraction is Aiqing Tianti, a mountain path with 6,000 steps built by Liu Guogang for his wife Xu Zhaoqing. The path is seen as a symbol of dedication and love between Liu and Xu and tourists visit the path to their secluded home.

## Special Local Products

Jiangjin is known for its production of Laobaigan, a strong limpid liquor usually with an alcohol level of near or above 60 proof. Mihuatang, sweet and crisp dessert produced in Jiangjin, is mainly made of puffed rice and sesame.