OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hundred of Catsash

The Hundred of Catsash is one of the 40 historical Hundreds in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, dating from before the Norman conquest during the Anglo-Saxon era although exact dates are unknown. Each hundred had a 'fyrd', which acted as the local defence force and a court which was responsible for the maintenance of the frankpledge system. They also formed a unit for the collection of taxes. The role of the hundred court was described in the Dooms (laws) of King Edgarwhile the name of the hundred was normally that of its meeting-place.
The hundred of Blachethorna described in the Domesday Book roughly equates to the later Hundred of Catsash.
The Catsash hundred covered an area of approximately 25,300 acres (10,200 ha). It consisted of the ancient parishes of: Alford, Ansford, Babcary, North Barrow, South Barrow, St. David Barton, North Cadbury, South Cadbury, Castle Cary, Compton Pauncefoot, Keinton Mansfield, Kingweston, Lovington, West Lydford, Maperton, Queen Camel, Sparkford, Sutton Montis, and Weston Bampfield.
The importance of the hundred courts declined from the seventeenth century. By the 19th century several different single-purpose subdivisions of counties, such as poor law unions, sanitary districts, and highway districts sprang up, filling the administrative role previously played by parishes and hundreds. Although the Hundreds have never been formally abolished, their functions ended with the establishment of county courts in 1867 and the introduction of districts by the Local Government Act 1894.
# Yoshino Line

The Yoshino Line (吉野線, Yoshino-sen) is a railway line in Nara Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway. It connects Kashihara-Jingūmae in Kashihara and Yoshino in Yoshino. All Express and Limited Express trains continue to and from Ōsaka Abenobashi Station on the Minami Osaka Line.

## History

The Yoshino Railway (吉野鉄道) Co. opened the Yoshino - Muda section in 1912, and extended the line to Kashiharajingū-mae in 1923, electrifying the entire line at 1500 VDC at that time. Amongst the rolling stock were three Bo'Bo' goodtrain locomotives delivered from Brown, Boveri & Cie in Switzerland.
In 1929 the company merged with the Osaka Electric Railway Co., which merged with Kintetsu in 1944.
Freight services ceased in 1984, and CTC signalling was commissioned in 2001.
Kintetsu Railway introduced the Blue Symphony sight-seeing train on this line in 2018. The special train runs twice a day in both directions.

## Stations

* O: stop,
* |: pass
* (Express trains, local trains, and semi-express trains stop at every station.)
| No. | Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | Limited Express | Transfers | Location | Location |
| F42 | Kashiharajingū-mae | 橿原神宮前 | 0.0 | O | F Minami Osaka Line (Through services available) B Kashihara Line (B42) | Kashihara | Nara Prefecture |
| F43 | Okadera | 岡寺 | 1.1 | | | | Kashihara | Nara Prefecture |
| F44 | Asuka | 飛鳥 | 2.2 | O | | Asuka, Takaichi District | Nara Prefecture |
| F45 | Tsubosakayama | 壺阪山 | 3.9 | O | | Takatori, Takaichi District | Nara Prefecture |
| F46 | Ichio | 市尾 | 6.0 | | | | Takatori, Takaichi District | Nara Prefecture |
| F47 | Kuzu | 葛 | 7.9 | | | | Gose | Nara Prefecture |
| F48 | Yoshinoguchi | 吉野口 | 9.5 | O | T Wakayama Line | Gose | Nara Prefecture |
| F49 | Kusurimizu | 薬水 | 11.2 | | | | Ōyodo, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F50 | Fukugami | 福神 | 12.8 | O | | Ōyodo, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F51 | Ōada | 大阿太 | 14.6 | | | | Ōyodo, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F52 | Shimoichiguchi | 下市口 | 17.0 | O | | Ōyodo, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F53 | Koshibe | 越部 | 18.7 | | | | Ōyodo, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F54 | Muda | 六田 | 20.7 | O | | Ōyodo, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F55 | Yamato-Kamiichi | 大和上市 | 22.9 | O | | Yoshino, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F56 | Yoshino-Jingū | 吉野神宮 | 23.7 | O | | Yoshino, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
| F57 | Yoshino | 吉野 | 25.2 | O | Yoshino Ropeway | Yoshino, Yoshino District | Nara Prefecture |
# Steamboat Mountain (Coconino County, Arizona)

Steamboat Mountain is a 7,410-foot-elevation (2,260-meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. It is situated four miles northwest of Holy Grail Temple, and 2.5 miles west-southwest of Timp Point on the North Rim. George Wharton James described it as a "majestic butte", nearly encircled by Galloway and Saddle Canyons. Topographic relief is significant as it rises over 5,400 feet (1,600 meters) above the Colorado River in three miles. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Steamboat Mountain is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone, with precipitation runoff draining west to the Colorado River via Tapeats Creek and Stone Creek. This feature's name was officially adopted in 1932 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

## History

In 1858, Lieutenant Joseph Ives led an expedition up the Colorado River, starting at the river's mouth and making it to the lower Grand Canyon. The mode of transportation was a steamboat named Explorer. Steamboat Mountain is located in an area of geographical features that were named after the canyon's early explorers. Steamboat Mountain is set at the northern tip of Powell Plateau, named for John Wesley Powell. Ives Point lies six miles to the southwest at the southwest tip of Powell Plateau. Also on Powell Plateau are Newberry Point, Dutton Point, Wheeler Point, Thompson Point, and Beale Point. These Grand Canyon pioneers are collectively commemorated by Explorers Monument, located immediately south of Powell Plateau.

## Geology

Steamboat Mountain is composed of Permian Kaibab Limestone, overlaying a conspicuous band of cream-colored, cliff-forming, Permian Coconino Sandstone. The sandstone, which is the third-youngest of the strata in the Grand Canyon, was deposited 265 million years ago as sand dunes. Below the conspicuous Coconino Sandstone layer is slope-forming, Permian Hermit Formation, which in turn overlays the Pennsylvanian-Permian Supai Group. Further down are strata of Mississippian Redwall Limestone, the Cambrian Tonto Group, and finally Paleoproterozoic Vishnu Basement Rocks at river level in Granite Gorge.
# Swastik Sanket

Swastik Sanket is a Bengali-language adventure thriller film directed by Sayantan Ghosal based on Narak Sanket, novel of Debarati Mukhopadhyay. The film was Produced by Talkies Productions and released on 21 January 2022 under the banner of Eskay Movies.

## Plot

Rudrani is invited to London by her publisher to inaugurate the international edition of her book on cryptography. She meets an elusive man Shumaker, who requests her to decrypt puzzles left behind by her grandfather-clues that can lead to a cure for Cancer. While Rudrani, along with her engineer husband Priyam takes on the challenge, what she doesn't realise is that she getting sucked into a pool of dangerous international conspiracy.
In a race against time Rudrani & Priyam must uncover the clues to the antidote of dreaded virus that challenges the very existence of mankind.

## Cast

* Nusrat Jahan as Rudrani
* Gaurav Chakrabarty as Priyam
* Saswata Chatterjee as Subhas Chandra Bose
* Shataf Figar as Dr. Shumaker
* Rudranil Ghosh as Subhas Chatterjee
* Selina Youngerman as Eva Brown
* Jamie Langlands as Felix
* Michael Lipman as Joachim Von Ribbentrop
* Mick Liversidge as Professor Rudolph
* Raj Sengupta as Jimmy
* Birendra Roy as Robironjon Sen
* Jamie Humphrey as Richard
* Daniel Taylor as Adolf Hitler
# Jamka State

Jamka is a village and former Rajput non-salute princely state on Saurashtra peninsula, in Gujarat, western India.

## History

The petty princely state, in Sorath prant, was ruled by Jivku Aughad Vala. Kathi chieftains. Jivku Aughad Vala was the ruler of Jamka. He was a very pious and emotional man. He was served by a very clever and loyal administrator Premji nathu Kamdar (Vyas). Jivku Aughad Vala was slaughtered due to royal rivalry. After this mishappening, Premji nathu vyas (Kamdar) protected the heir of the king and ruled on his behalf for 18 years. For this bravery and faithfulness towards the kingdom and the royalty, he was awarded half of the kingdom. In 1901, it comprised only the single village, with a population of 601, yielding 15,000 rupees state revenue (1903–04, less than half from land), paying 185 Rupees tribute to the Gaekwad Baroda State.
# List of aqueducts in the city of Rome

This is a list of ancient Roman aqueducts in the city of Rome.

## Introduction

In order to meet the water needs of its population, the city of Rome was eventually supplied with 11 aqueducts by 226 AD, which were some of the city's greatest engineering achievements. Estimates of total water supplied in a day by all aqueducts vary from 520,000 m$^3$ (140,000,000 US gal) to 1,127,220 m$^3$ (297,780,000 US gal)$^{:156-7}$$^{:347}$, mostly sourced from the Aniene river and the Apennine Mountains, serving a million citizens. Most of our information about Roman aqueducts come from statistics compiled in the late 1st century AD by Sextus Julius Frontinus, the Curator Aquarum$^{:152}$.
These estimates may not have considered water loss. Modern engineers have questioned the validity of these figures and measured Anio Novus limestone deposits to estimate the average wetted perimeter and surface roughness corresponding to only 2/3 of the flow figure given below.
Aqueducts in the (ancient) city Rome :
| Name | Year begun | Year completed | Length (km)$^{:347}$ | Height at source (m) | Height in Rome (m) | Average gradient (%)$^{:347}$ | Capacity (m³ a day)$^{:347}$ | Quality |
| Aqua Appia | | 312 BC$^{:23}$ | 16 | 30 | 20 | 0.06 | 73,000 |
| Aqua Anio Vetus | 272 BC | 269 BC$^{:29}$ | 64 | 280 | 48 | 0.36 | 175,920 |
| Aqua Marcia | 144 BC | 140 BC$^{:67}$ | 91 | 318 | 59 | 0.27 | 187,600 |
| Aqua Tepula | | 125 BC$^{:147}$ | 18 | 151 | 61 | 0.5 | 17,800 |
| Aqua Julia | 40 BC$^{:406}$ | 33 BC$^{:157}$ | 23 | 350 | 64 | 1.24 | 48,240 |
| Aqua Virgo | | 19 BC$^{:167}$ | 21 | 24 | 20 | 0.02 | 100,160 |
| Aqua Alsietina | | 2 BC$^{:179}$ | 33 | 209 | 17 | 0.6 | 15,680 | Considered the worst in quality, and used as drinkable source only when other supplies were unavailable$^{:169}$. |
| Aqua Anio Novus | 38 AD$^{:150}$ | 52 AD$^{:150}$ | 87 | 400 | 70 | 0.38 | 189,520 | Considered after Alsietina the worst in quality$^{:169}$. |
| Aqua Claudia | 38 AD | 52 AD$^{:187}$ | 69 | 320 | 67 | 0.38 | 184,220 |
| Aqua Traiana | | 109 AD$^{:331}$ | 58 | - | - | 0.38 | 113,920 |
| Aqua Alexandrina | | 226 AD$^{:341}$ | 22 | - | 50 | 0.1 | 21,160 |
# Fueros of Navarre

The Fueros of Navarre (Spanish: Fuero General de Navarra, Basque: Nafarroako Foru Orokorra, meaning in English General Charter of Navarre) were the laws of the Kingdom of Navarre up to 1841, tracing its origins to the Early Middle Ages and issued from Basque consuetudinary law prevalent across the (western) Pyrenees. They were a sort of constitution which regulated the social order and defined the position of the king, the nobility, and the judicial procedures, which meant that the royal decisions needed to conform to the provisions set out by the charters.
The first such written document goes back to 1238. The next codifications are attested by modifications or amendments (amejoramientos) made by the regent of Navarre, Juan Martínez de Medrano, and his son, Álvaro Díaz de Medrano, commissioned in 1330 by King Philip III of Navarre to make the Fueros. The next modification or amendment was made in 1419. After 1512, Navarre was divided into two, with Upper Navarre a part of the nascent Kingdom of Spain and Lower Navarre an independent kingdom (incorporated into France in 1620).

## Upper Navarre

From 1515 until 1841, Upper Navarre was in effect an autonomous kingdom in personal union with the Spanish crown. It was allowed to retain a large degree of home rule, preserving much of the institutions of the independent kingdom, not exempt of tensions with the ever centralizing drive of Castile and attempts at reunification with independent Navarre to the north of the Pyrenees led by the Parliament. In 1528, the Cortes of Navarre sitting at Pamplona authorised a simplified law code known as the Fuero Reducido. Although widely used, it was never confirmed by the king.
A viceroy represented the Spanish monarch. The Cortes (the Parliament) was the main legislative body, composed of three estates of clergy, nobles and burgesses. There was a Royal Council and a Supreme Court, as well as a Diputación del Reyno or Government of Navarre (similar to the Generalitat of Aragon and the Generalitats of Catalonia and Valencia).

## Lower Navarre

An Occitan translation of the Navarrese fueros was made under the title Los Fors et Costumas deu Royaume de Navarre deça-ports. It was approved by Henry III in 1608, then confirmed by Louis II in 1611 before Navarre was integrated into France in 1620. It was re-confirmed by Louis in 1622. It was not printed until 1644 and its last printing was in 1722. It was in effect until the French Revolution. A modern edition was published in 1968.
# Shioiri Station (Kagawa)

Shioiri Station (塩入駅, Shioiri-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Mannō, Nakatado District, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "D16".

## Lines

Shioiri Station is served by JR Shikoku's Dosan Line and is located 17.7 km (11.0 mi) from the beginning of the line at Tadotsu.

## Layout

The station, which is unstaffed, consists of two side platforms serving two tracks. A building adjacent to one platform serves as a passenger waiting room. An overhead foot bridge leads to the other platform but this platform may also be entered from its own access road. Parking and a bike shed are provided.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Dosan Line |||||
| Kotohira | | - | | Kurokawa |

## History

Shioiri Station opened on 21 May 1923 as a through-station operated by Japanese Government Railways (later becoming Japanese National Railways or JNR) when the then Sanuki Line (讃岐線) from Tadotsu to Kotohira was extended to Sanuki-Saida. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku.

## Surrounding area

* Mannou Town Nakaminami Branch
* Mannou Municipal Nakaminami Elementary School
# Lalpur, Uttarakhand

Lalpur is a town and nagar panchayat of the Udham Singh Nagar district in the state of Uttarakhand, India.

## Geography

Dineshpur is located at 28°59′N 79°24′E﻿ / ﻿28.98°N 79.40°E﻿ / 28.98; 79.40.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Lalpur had a population of 3,975. Males constituted 52.2% of the population and females 48.8%. Lalpur had an average literacy rate of 74.31%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 82.29% and, female literacy was 65.57%. In Lalpur, 16.57% of the population was under 6 years of age.
# Ōsugi Station

Ōsugi Station (大杉駅, Ōsugi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ōtoyo, Nagaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "D32".

## Lines

The station is served by the JR Shikoku Dosan Line and is located 87.2 km from the beginning of the line at Tadotsu. In addition to the local trains on the Dosan Line, some Nanpū limited express services from Okayama to Kōchi, Nakamura, and Sukumo, and Shimanto limited express services from Takamatsu to Kōchi, Nakamura, and Sukumo also stop at the station.

## Layout

The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. The station building by the side of the tracks serves as a waiting room and also has a kan'i itaku ticket window. A pedestrian level crossing from the station building is used to access the island platform. There is also an enclosed shelter on the island platform for waiting passengers. Beside the station building is a freight platform and a third track which is used by track maintenance equipment.
* The station platform in 2007. The level crossing can be seen in the background.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Dosan Line |||||
| Tosa-Ananai | Tosa-Ananai | - | Tosa-Kitagawa | Tosa-Kitagawa |

## History

The station opened on 20 December 1932 as the terminus of the then Kōchi Line which had been extended northwards from Kakumodani. At this time the station was operated by Japanese Government Railways, later becoming Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku. The original station building burnt down on 2 January 2004. A new building was constructed and opened on 12 March 2005. Students from a local junior high school participated in the design and construction of the new building.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 32 - runs parallel to the track on the other side of the Ananai River.
* Ōtoyo town hall - about 500 metres away on National Route 32.
* Sugi no Osugi - a pair of Japanese cedars joined at the base, said to be the world's tallest Japanese cedars and over 3,000 years old. The trees have been designated as a special national monument. The trees served as the inspiration for the design of the present station building.
* Ōtoyo Chōritsu Ōtoyo-chō Junior High School - students from this school participated in the station reconstruction project.
# Killaq Enuaraq-Strauss

Killaq Enuaraq-Strauss is a Canadian activist of Inuit and Jewish heritage.

## Personal life

Enuaraq-Strauss was born and raised in Iqaluit, Nunavut, the daughter of an Inuk mother, Susan Enuaraq, and a Jewish father. Her mother's niece, Sula Arreak and Sula's two daughters, Alexandra and Aliyah Degrasse, were murdered in Iqaluit in 2011. Hours after the discovery of the murder, Sula's husband, Sylvain Degrasse, was found dead by gunshot in a local cemetery.
Growing up, Enuaraq-Strauss was the only child in her class with mixed Jewish and Inuit heritage. As a teenager, Enuaraq-Strauss moved to British Columbia to attend a boarding school. While in British Columbia, Enuaraq-Strauss began to reconnect with her Jewish heritage, attending synagogue and learning more about the laws of kashrut. She began to keep kosher and fast on Yom Kippur.

## Activism

Enuaraq-Strauss has argued that seal meat can be considered kosher. Citing the principle of "pikuach nefesh", she claims that it is acceptable for Inuit Jews to consume seal meat given that it is necessary for the survival of Inuit living in the Arctic. An advocate for environmental sustainability, she has emphasized the shared value within both Inuit and Jewish culture to treat animals humanely. Seals are traditionally considered non-kosher animals because water animals have to have scales to be considered kosher and kosher land animals must have split hooves and must chew their cud.
In 2014, Enuaraq-Strauss began an online "#Sealfies" campaign against Ellen DeGeneres. A fan of the Ellen Show, Enuaraq-Strauss started the campaign to educate DeGeneres on Inuit and Indigenous cultural traditions after DeGeneres endorsed People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) campaign against seal hunting. Supporters of the #Sealfies hashtag campaign posted photographs of themselves wearing clothing and boots made from seal fur and sealskin.
In 2018, Enuaraq-Strauss and her mother Susan testified at Canada's National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, part of a wider investigation into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, when hearings were held in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, providing testimony regarding the murder of their niece / cousin Sula Arreak.
# Nunoshida Station

Nunoshida Station (布師田駅, Nunoshida-eki) is junction passenger railway station located in the city of Kōchi city, the capital of Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "D42".

## Lines

The station is served by the JR Shikoku Dosan Line and is located 121.4 km from the beginning of the line at Tadotsu.
Although Gomen is the official western terminus of the third-sector Tosa Kuroshio Railway Asa Line (also known as the Gomen-Nahari Line), all its rapid and some local trains continue towards Kōchi on the Dosan Line tracks with Nunoshida as one of their intermediate stops.

## Layout

The station, which is unstaffed, consists of a side platform serving a single elevated track. A ramp leads up to the platform street level. A shelter and an automated ticket vending machine are provided on the platform. Bicycle parking lots are provided at the foot of the ramp.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| JR Shikoku |||||
| Dosan Line |||||
| Tosa-Ōtsu | Tosa-Ōtsu | Local | Tosa-Ikku | Tosa-Ikku |
| Tosa Kuroshio Railway |||||
| Asa Line |||||
| Tosa-Ōtsu | Tosa-Ōtsu | Local | Tosa-Ikku | Tosa-Ikku |

## History

The station was opened by Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 15 April 1952 as a new stop on the existing Dosan Line. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku.

## Surrounding area

* Kōchi Operations Centre (高知運転所, Kōchi-unten-sho) - Nunoshida is the nearest station and overlooks this major rail yard but trains bound for it branch off the main track at Tosa-Ikku.

## Surrounding area

* Kokubun River
# Tosa-Ikku Station

Tosa-Ikku Station (土佐一宮駅, Tosa-Ikku-eki) is a junction passenger railway station located in the city of Kōchi city, the capital of Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "D43".

## Lines

The station is served by the JR Shikoku Dosan Line and is located 122.7 km from the beginning of the line at Tadotsu.
Although Gomen is the official western terminus of the third-sector Tosa Kuroshio Railway Asa Line (also known as the Gomen-Nahari Line), all its rapid and some local trains continue towards Kōchi on the Dosan Line tracks with Tosa-Ikku as one of their intermediate stops.

## Layout

The station, which is unstaffed, consists of two side platforms (not opposed) serving two tracks. A small waiting room has been erected to one side of the tracks. A ramp leads up to one platform from the waiting room. A footbridge is used to access the other platform. Designated bicycle parking lots are provided near the waiting room. There is a third track which branches off at the station which leads to the Kōchi Operations Centre (高知運転所, Kōchi-unten-sho) (a rail yard).
* The waiting room of Tosa-Ikku Station in 2008.
* A view of the Kōchi Operations Centre in 2010. Trains enter the branch line for this rail yard from Tosa-Ikku.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| JR Shikoku |||||
| Dosan Line |||||
| Nunoshida | Nunoshida | Local | Azōno | Azōno |
| Tosa Kuroshio Railway |||||
| Asa Line |||||
| Nunoshida | Nunoshida | Local | Azōno | Azōno |

## History

The station opened on 5 December 1925 as an intermediate stop when the then Kōchi Line (now Dosan Line) was extended from Kōchi eastwards and then northwards towards Tosa-Yamada. At that time the station was operated by Japanese Government Railways, later becoming Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku.

## Surrounding area

* Kochi Prefectural Kochi Higashi High School
* Japan National Route 195 Bypass (Akebono Highway)
* Kokubun River
* Tosa Shrine