OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2023 in Samoa

Events in the year 2023 in Samoa.

## Incumbents

* O le Ao o le Malo: Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
* Prime Minister: Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa
* 24 February – 2023 Vaimauga 3 by-election
* 23 March – 2019 Samoa assassination plot: Two men are found guilty of conspiring to kill the former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi after a trial before the country's Supreme Court.
* 8 June – Heavy rainfall in Savai'i, causes widespread flooding and infrastructure damage.

## Sports

* 2023 Super Rugby Pacific season
# Meridian Peak (Montana)

Meridian Peak is a mountain in the Absaroka Range in the state of Montana, United States. It has an elevation of 10,466 feet (3,190 m) and is located in Park County, Montana. The mountain is included in Yellowstone National Park.

## Etymology

According to the United States Geological Survey, the name variation Meridan Peak is due to a misspelling.
# Matt Hilder

Matt Hilder (born 30 April 1982) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Gold Coast and Newcastle Knights in the National Rugby League. He primarily played at lock, hooker and five-eighth. Throughout his playing career he was known by two nicknames: Trouble, and Waltzing (as in "Waltzing Matilda").

## Background

Hilder was born in Sutherland, New South Wales, Australia. He played his junior football for the Cronulla-Caringbah before being signed by Cronulla-Sutherland.

## Playing career
### Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks

In round 1 of the 2003 NRL season, Hilder made his NRL debut for Cronulla-Sutherland against the Melbourne Storm scoring a try in a 32-36 loss. In his four years at Cronulla, Hilder played in one finals campaign which came in the 2005 NRL season. Cronulla were eliminated in the first week by rivals St George.

### Gold Coast Titans

After four seasons of first-grade with Cronulla, Hilder joined the Gold Coast Titans for their inaugural season, signing a 1-year contract starting in 2007. He was a regular in first-grade, but left the club at the end of the season.

### Newcastle Knights

In 2008, Hilder joined the Newcastle Knights.
In 2010, Hilder won the Knights' Player of the Year award for being one of the most hardworking and consistent players in the team.
On 6 September 2013, Hilder re-signed with the Knights on a 1-year contract.
A few days after re-signing, Hilder made a return to first-grade — after being seldom used by Knights coach Wayne Bennett since early 2012 — in time to play all three of the Knights' finals games and scoring a try in his 100th Knights game and 200th NRL game against the Melbourne Storm. These were the final few first-grade games of his career.
At the end of 2013, Hilder won the Knights' New South Wales Cup Players' Player award.
In September 2014, Hilder announced his retirement from rugby league, finishing up with 201 NRL appearances.

### Representative football

In July 2013, Hilder played for the New South Wales Residents against the Queensland Residents.

## Controversy

On 10 September 2006, Hilder threw a plastic chair at a man during an argument, causing head injuries. Hilder was fined $1,000.

## Personal life

Hilder has three children: two daughters, Indy and Eden, and a son, Sonny
# Moose Mountain (Wyoming)

Moose Mountain (10,059 feet (3,066 m) is located in the northern Teton Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is on the border of Grand Teton National Park and the Jedediah Smith Wilderness of Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Moose Mountain is at the western end of Webb Canyon.
# Mount Blackmore

Mount Blackmore is located in Gallatin National Forest, in the U.S. state of Montana. Bozeman is located near the East Gallatin River, Gallatin County, Mount Blackmore is south of the City of Bozeman in the Gallatin Range.
Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden's survey expedition of the Yellowstone area named the peak for Mary Blackmore, wife of William Blackmore, an English land speculator and philanthropist who accompanied the Hayden Survey. Mary Blackmore contracted pneumonia and died in Bozeman, Montana during the early summer of 1872.
# Mount Bole

Mount Bole is a 10,339-foot (3,151-metre) mountain summit in Gallatin County, Montana, United States.

## Description

Mount Bole is located 18 miles (29 km) south of Bozeman in the northern Gallatin Range, which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. It is set in the Gallatin National Forest and the Hyalite Porcupine Buffalo Horn Wilderness Study Area. The peak is the highest peak on Hyalite Ridge and it ranks as the fourth-highest peak in the Gallatin Range. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Gallatin River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 2,500 feet (762 meters) above Storm Castle Creek in 0.85 miles (1.37 km). The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and it honors William M. Bole (1858–1932), editor and owner of the Bozeman Weekly Chronicle (1902–1917), who owned land in the nearby Hyalite drainage where he built a recreational cabin.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Bole is located in a subarctic climate zone characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.
# Mount Chauvenet

Mount Chauvenet is a (12,255-foot (3,735 m)) mountain located in the southern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Mount Chauvenet is 1.5 mi (2.4 km) northeast of Cathedral Peak in the Popo Agie Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest. Mount Chauvenet was one of the earliest peaks climbed by white explorers to the Wind River Range.

## Hazards

Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures.
Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018. Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near SquareTop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue. The U.S. Forest Service does not offer updated aggregated records on the official number of fatalities in the Wind River Range.
# 2023 in San Marino

Events in the year 2023 in San Marino.

## Incumbents

* Captains Regent:
** Maria Luisa Berti, Manuel Ciavatta (until 1 April)
** Alessandro Scarano, Adele Tonnini (from 1 April to 1 October)
** Gaetano Troina, Filippo Tamagnini (from 1 October)
* Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs: Luca Beccari

## Events

* 2022–23 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
* 2022–23 Coppa Titano
# 2025 in San Marino

Events in the year 2025 in San Marino.

## Incumbents

* Captains Regent:
** Francesca Civerchia, Dalibor Riccardi
* Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs: Luca Beccari

## Art and entertainment

* San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025

## Holidays

Source:
* 1 January – New Year's Day
* 6 January – Epiphany
* 5 February – Saint Agatha
* 25 March – Anniversary of the Arengo
* 20 April – Easter
* 21 April – Easter Monday
* 1 May – Labour Day
* 19 June – Corpus Christi
* 15 August – Ferragosto
* 3 September – The Feast of Saint Marinus and the Republic
* 1 November – All Saints Day
* 2 November – Commemoration of all those who died at war
* 8 December – Immaculate Conception
* 24 December – Christmas Eve
* 25 December – Christmas Day
* 26 December – Saint Stephen's Day
* 31 December – New Year's Eve
# Mount Frazier (Montana)

Mount Frazier is an 8,315-foot (2,534-metre) mountain summit located in Teton County of the U.S. state of Montana.

## Description

Mount Frazier is located along the Rocky Mountain Front, which is a subset of the Rocky Mountains. It is situated seven miles east of the Continental Divide, along the Bob Marshall Wilderness boundary, on land managed by Lewis and Clark National Forest. The nearest town is Choteau, 30 miles to the southeast, and Old Man of the Hills is 2.6 miles to the north-northwest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Blackleaf Creek and Dupuyer Creek, and eventually makes its way to the Missouri River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,700 feet (820 meters) above the South Fork of Dupuyer Creek in one mile (1.6 km).

## Geology

Mount Frazier is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. The Lewis Overthrust extends over 280 miles (450 km) from Mount Kidd in Alberta, south to Steamboat Mountain which is located 53 miles south of Mount Frazier, which places Mount Frazier within the southern part of the Lewis Overthrust.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Frazier has an alpine subarctic climate characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and mild to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
# Mount James

Mount James (9,380 feet (2,859 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Mount James is 1.35 miles (2.17 km) northeast of Triple Divide Peak. The Blackfeet name for the mountain is Ah'-kow-to-mak-an (Double Runner).

## Geology

Like the mountains in Glacier National Park, Mt. James is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks 3 mi (4.8 km) thick, 50 miles (80 km) wide and 160 miles (260 km) long over younger rock of the cretaceous period.
* 1 2 3 4 "Mount James, Montana". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
* ↑ "Mount James". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
* ↑ Cut Bank Pass, MT (Map). TopoQwest (United States Geological Survey Maps). Retrieved December 26, 2018.
* ↑ Shultz, James Willard (1916). Blackfeet Tales of Glacier National Park. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 108.
* ↑ Gadd, Ben (2008). "Geology of the Rocky Mountains and Columbias". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mt. James is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
# Mount Kipp

Mount Kipp (8,844 feet (2,696 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Immediately east of the summit lies the retreating Chaney Glacier. Mount Kipp is situated along the Continental Divide. The mountain is presumed to have been named for Joe Kipp, a half-breed Indian trapper and scout who tried to prevent the Marias Massacre.

## Geology

Like other mountains in Glacier National Park, the peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks 3 mi (4.8 km) thick, 50 miles (80 km) wide and 160 miles (260 km) long over younger rock of the cretaceous period.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, the peak is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
# Mount Langford

Mount Langford el. 10,623 feet (3,238 m) is a mountain peak in the Absaroka Range in Yellowstone National Park. The peak is named for Nathaniel P. Langford, the first superintendent of Yellowstone and a leader of the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition to Yellowstone in 1870. The expedition and Langford's subsequent promotion in Scribner's helped in the creation of the park in 1872.
On September 7, 1870, the Washburn expedition was camped along the southwestern shore of Yellowstone Lake. That day Langford and Lt. Gustavus Cheyney Doane chose to ascend a nearby peak. From that peak, Langford sketched the first reasonably accurate map of Yellowstone Lake. Upon their return to camp, Henry D. Washburn named the peak they ascended and a nearby secondary peak: Mount Langford and Mount Doane. They are annotated on the map Langford sketched. Langford described the summit with these words:
During the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871, Hayden, for unknown reasons, moved the names of Mount Langford and Doane to peaks farther north. The original Mount Langford remained unnamed until 1885 when Arnold Hague named it Colter Peak.
# Spreewaldheide

Spreewaldheide (Lower Sorbian: Błośańska Góla) is a municipality in the district of Dahme-Spreewald in Brandenburg in Germany.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 1,064 | — |
| 1890 | 1,042 | −0.14% |
| 1910 | 1,014 | −0.14% |
| 1925 | 843 | −1.22% |
| 1933 | 783 | −0.92% |
| 1939 | 733 | −1.09% |
| 1946 | 1,141 | +6.53% |
| 1950 | 1,127 | −0.31% |
| 1964 | 871 | −1.82% |
| 1971 | 813 | −0.98% |
| 1981 | 672 | −1.89% |
| 1985 | 650 | −0.83% |
| 1989 | 603 | −1.86% |
| 1990 | 591 | −1.99% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1991 | 587 | −0.68% |
| 1992 | 589 | +0.34% |
| 1993 | 593 | +0.68% |
| 1994 | 585 | −1.35% |
| 1995 | 595 | +1.71% |
| 1996 | 604 | +1.51% |
| 1997 | 600 | −0.66% |
| 1998 | 616 | +2.67% |
| 1999 | 606 | −1.62% |
| 2000 | 617 | +1.82% |
| 2001 | 615 | −0.32% |
| 2002 | 608 | −1.14% |
| 2003 | 594 | −2.30% |
| 2004 | 580 | −2.36% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2005 | 569 | −1.90% |
| 2006 | 568 | −0.18% |
| 2007 | 567 | −0.18% |
| 2008 | 549 | −3.17% |
| 2009 | 531 | −3.28% |
| 2010 | 544 | +2.45% |
| 2011 | 499 | −8.27% |
| 2012 | 486 | −2.61% |
| 2013 | 485 | −0.21% |
| 2014 | 472 | −2.68% |
| 2015 | 464 | −1.69% |
| 2016 | 464 | +0.00% |
| 2017 | 480 | +3.45% |
# 2010 in Saudi Arabia

The following lists events that happened during 2010 in Saudi Arabia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Abdullah
* Crown Prince: Sultan

## Events

* In February, the Saudi government allowed female lawyers to represent women in family court.
* In April, a new form of ID card was released that allowed women to travel to countries within the Gulf Cooperation Council without needing male permission to apply for it. However, permission was still required for them to travel abroad.
# Mount Norris

Mount Norris, elevation 9,842 feet (3,000 m), is a mountain peak in the northeast section of Yellowstone National Park in the Absaroka Range of the U.S. state of Wyoming. In 1875, the peak was named for and by Philetus Norris, the park's second superintendent from 1877 to 1882. While on a visit to the park, Norris and several mountain guides, including Collins Jack "Yellowstone Jack" Baronette, ascended the peak at the head of the Lamar Valley and presumed they were the first white men to do so, thus naming it Mount Norris.
# 2013 in Saudi Arabia

The following lists events in 2013 in Saudi Arabia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Abdullah
* Crown Prince: Salman

## Events
### January

* 9 January - Despite international protest, Sri-Lankan maid Rizana Nafeek is executed in Saudi Arabia for killing an infant in her care.
# Mount Penrose (Montana)

Mount Penrose, 7,877 ft (2,401 m), is a mountain in the Flathead Range of the Rocky Mountains in Montana, United States. It is named after Charles Bingham Penrose, inventor of the Penrose surgical drain.
# Mount Rearguard

Mount Rearguard (12,209 feet (3,721 m)) is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is one of the tallest in the Beartooth Mountains and is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness in Custer National Forest. A small remnant glacier lies to the east of Mount Rearguard, which sits at the western edge of the Hellroaring Plateau.
# Mount Rockwell

Mount Rockwell (9,277 feet (2,828 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Mount Rockwell is situated along the Continental Divide and Aurice Lake is just west of the peak. A Blackfeet name for the mountain is "Rising Bull Mountain." It was named for a Blackfeet chief who, after staying with the Flathead people of his wife for a number of winters, was appointed one of their chiefs for his bravery and his kind and generous nature.
# 2002 in Saudi Arabia

The following lists events during 2002 in Saudi Arabia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Fahd
* Crown Prince: Abdullah

## Events
### March

* March 11 - All Gulf states back up with Saudi Arabia's peace plan for Israel.
# Mount Schurz

Mount Schurz el. 11,007 feet (3,355 m) is a mountain peak in the Absaroka Range in Yellowstone National Park. Mount Schurz is the second highest peak in Yellowstone. The mountain was originally named Mount Doane by Henry D. Washburn during the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition in 1871. Later the name Mount Doane was given to another peak in the Absaroka Range by geologist Arnold Hague. In 1885, Hague named the mountain for the 13th U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Carl Schurz (1877–1881). Schurz was the first Secretary of the Interior to visit Yellowstone and a strong supporter of the national park movement.
# Mount Washakie

Mount Washakie (or Washakie Peak) (12,524 feet (3,817 m)) is located in the Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The mountain is on the Continental Divide in the Bridger Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest and Popo Agie Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest. Washakie Glacier lies .50 mi (0.80 km) to the southeast of the peak.

## Hazards

Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures.
Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018. Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near SquareTop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue. The U.S. Forest Service does not offer updated aggregated records on the official number of fatalities in the Wind River Range.
# Pterolophia stheniodes

Pterolophia stheniodes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.

## Subspecies

* Pterolophia stheniodes stheniodes Breuning, 1938
* Pterolophia stheniodes grossepunctipennis Breuning, 1969
# Shichinohe-Towada Station

Shichinohe-Towada Station (七戸十和田駅, Shichinohe-Towada-eki) is a railway station on the Tohoku Shinkansen in Shichinohe, Aomori, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It opened on 4 December 2010.

## Lines

Shichinohe-Towada Station is served by the Tohoku Shinkansen high-speed line from Tokyo to Shin-Aomori.

## Station layout

The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks, with no passing tracks. The platforms are 263 m long and capable of handling 10-car trains. A track maintenance depot is located north of the station, with the connecting turnouts covered by a large snow shelter.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Tohoku Shinkansen | for Shin-Aomori |
| 2 | ■ Tohoku Shinkansen | for Morioka, Sendai, and Tokyo |
Some trains pass this station.

## History

Construction of the new station started in August 2008, with completion scheduled for September 2009. The station opened on 4 December 2010 with the opening of the Tohoku Shinkansen extension from Hachinohe to Shin-Aomori.
Initially named provisionally as Shichinohe Station, the name of the new station was announced on 29 July 2009, to emphasize the station's role as a gateway to Lake Towada.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2011, the station was used by an average of 497 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
| 2010 | 475 |
| 2011 | 497 |

## Bus terminal
### Highway buses

* Sirius; For Ikebukuro Station and Tokyo Station
* Enburi; For Shinjuku Station and Tokyo Station
# Robert Wilton

Robert Archibald Wilton (31 July 1868 – 18 January 1925) was a British journalist, and a proponent of antisemitic thought and conspiracy theories in the United Kingdom.

## Biography

Wilton, who was born in Cringleford, Norfolk, was the son of a British mining engineer employed in Russia. In 1889 he joined the European staff of the New York Herald, remained with that newspaper for 14 years and reported on both Russian and German affairs. He then took up an appointment as The Times correspondent in St Petersburg and became known as a keen observer of events in Russia during the last years of the Tsarist regime. After the Russian Revolution, he moved to Siberia. Following the collapse of the Kolchak government, Wilton managed to escape from Russia and eventually arrived in Paris, where, in 1920, he rejoined the New York Herald. In 1924 he joined the staff of a newly-founded newspaper, the Paris Times, which published in English. He died from cancer at the Hertford British Hospital in Paris early in 1925.
Wilton served with the Russian Army during the First World War and was awarded the Cross of St George.
He was the author of two books: Russia's Agony (published by Edward Arnold, London, 1918) and The Last Days of the Romanovs (1920).

## Аntisemitism

Wilton was a right-wing antisemite. He was a proponent of the theory of Jews involved in ritualistic murder, claiming in his 1920 book The Last Days of the Romanovs that the execution of the Romanovs was a ritual murder by the Jews. He was criticized by several liberal British journalists for supporting the attempted military coup by Lavr Kornilov. In 1919 he published "Russia's Agony", which claimed (p. ix) that "Bolshevism is not Russian - it is essentially non-national, its leaders being almost entirely in the league [Jews] that lost its country and its nationhood long ago". According to Semyon Reznik, Wilton was also assisting Russian antisemites in fabrication of photographic evidence of ritual crimes by Jews.
# Stephen Owusu

Stephen Owusu (26 October 1982 – 24 October 2020) was a Ghanaian footballer who played for Kenyan Premier League side Tusker as a striker.
He was born in Prestea on 26 October 1982. He was part of the team that won the 2016 Kenyan Premier League. He died on 24 October 2020 after a long illness at the age of 37.
# William McKee

William McKee may refer to:
* William McKee (chief executive) (born 1952), chief executive of the Belfast Heath and Social Care Trust
* Sir William Cecil McKee, Lord Mayor of Belfast
* William J. McKee (1850–1929), Ontario, Canada merchant and politician
* William J. McKee (soldier) (1853–?), U.S. Brigadier-general
* William F. McKee (1906–1987), general in the U.S. Air Force
* William Parker McKee (1862–1933), chief executive of the Frances Shimer Academy, subsequently Shimer College
* William McKee (cricketer) (1919–1986), Irish cricketer