OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pishin, Pakistan

Pishin (Pashto: پښين, Urdu and Balochi: پشین‎) or Pshin is a city that serves as the administrative headquarter of the Pishin District of Pakistan's Balochistan province. Pishin is considered part of the Pashtun belt of Balochistan, and is the largest district of Pashtun tribes.

## History

Pishin was founded by the British Empire in 1883. It played a role in the Anglo-Afghan Wars. Local tribes from the area assisted the Afghans in fighting the British by attacking British military convoys en route to Afghanistan. During World War II, the British built two airbases in the district; one near the town of Pishin and the other in Saranan.

## Geography

Pishin is located in the northwest of Balochistan, near the border with Afghanistan. Tremors from the 2008 Ziarat earthquake were felt in the town.

## Climate

In the summer, temperatures can reach 40 °C (104 °F). In the winter, temperatures can decrease to below freezing.

## Agriculture

The region is known in Balochistan for fruit production. It supplies a variety of fruits, such as apples.

## Demographics

Pishin's main ethnic groups are Pashtuns who belong to the Tareen, Syed, Kakar, and Achakzai tribes. In the city, the majority of the population belongs to Tareen tribe.
Religious groups in Pishin City (1941 & 2017) :
| Religious group | 1941$^{:13–14}$ | 1941$^{:13–14}$ | 2017 | 2017 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Islam | 1,245 | 65.87% | 35,067 | 98.65% |
| Hinduism | 447 | 23.65% | 3 | 0.01% |
| Sikhism | 183 | 9.68% | — | — |
| Christianity | 15 | 0.79% | 473 | 1.33% |
| Ahmadiyya | — | — | 4 | 0.01% |
| Total population | 1,890 | 100% | 35,547 | 100% |

## Tribes

Pishin District is home to several tribes but the following main tribes form the major population of the district:
* Tareen
* Kakar
* Syed
* Achakzai

## Transport

Transport is mostly by car or bus. The town connects with Quetta, Khanozai, Barshore, and Saranan. In 1883, a major railway and road were constructed to connect towns in Pakistan.
* Ghazi faiz mohammad tareen the hero how fight against the British Empire
* Qazi Muhammad Essa, senior leader of the Pakistan Movement and a close associate of Quaid-e-Azam
* Jennifer Musa, politician and lady social worker
* Jehangir Ashraf Qazi, diplomat, former Pakistani ambassador to the United States
* Qazi Faez Isa, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
* Sultan Golden, motorcycle stuntman
* Haseebullah Khan, cricketer
# Makrand Desai

Makarand Desai (Makarand Balwantrai Desai), (born 1935) was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from Gujarat, who also remained BJP's National Secretary in the late 1980s. He was a cabinet minister in Government of Gujarat from 1975 to 1976 and from 1977 to 1980, and held Industries portfolio. He was elected to Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Vadodara City constituency in 1975 state elections, though he lost the 1980 state elections, He lost again in 1985 state elections from Sayajigunj Assembly Constituency, and shifted to national level politics.
He was a chemical engineer and worked as Jt Vice President at Jaycees International before entering politics in 1969. He studied BE, MS and then CE at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) .
After he died, his wife, Neela Desai also remained active in politics, and in May 2014, she was one of few people invited from Gujarat to attend the swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi.
# Brittney Palmer

Brittney Palmer (born June 24, 1987) is an American former ring girl, model and artist. She is best known for her work as an octagon girl for the UFC, being awarded Ringcard Girl of the Year at the World MMA Awards in 2012, 2013, 2019, 2022 and 2023. Palmer retired from the UFC in December of 2023 in order to continue her work in art.

## Early life

Palmer started her performing arts career dancing professionally for the shows "Jubilee" at Bally's Las Vegas and “X Burlesque” at Flamingo Las Vegas. After a car accident left Brittney bed-ridden she started working on her art before moving to Los Angeles and studying art history and classic portraiture working with acrylics, oils, and aerosols at the University of California, Los Angeles. Various exhibits have featured her work at institutions and galleries in Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Hong Kong and Milan.

## Career

On April 19, 2011, Palmer appeared on YouTube opposite model Jo Garcia, in a Mortal Kombat themed video, which has, as of September 2013, garnered over 600,000 hits. In 2012 Palmer appeared on the cover of the March issue of Playboy, making her the third ring girl to do so, preceded by Rachelle Leah and Arianny Celeste. At the 2012 World MMA Awards, Palmer was awarded Ring Card Girl of the Year, prevailing over Arianny Celeste for the 2012 award while simultaneously ending Celeste's winning streak.

## Philanthropy

Palmer has raised over $100,000 in donations through her paintings with some of the biggest organizations, charities, and auctions in the World, most notably the AMFAR Galas in Milan, Hong Kong, NYC and Sardinia. She has been an artist ambassador with UNICEF, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith‘s Janie’s Fund, Generation Cure, and Lady Gaga‘s Born This Way Foundation. Palmer has exhibited her paintings alongside influential artists including Pablo Picasso, Damien Hirst, Kaws, Ai Weiwei, Mr Brainwash, Ellen Von Unwerth and Andy Warhol.

## Personal life

As of 2019, she is dating visual artist Gregory Siff.
# Mitrovica

Mitrovica, which stems from the name "Saint Demetrius" or "Sveti Dimitrije" (Cyrillic: "Свети Димитрије") may refer to:

## Places

* District of Mitrovica, a district in Kosovo
** Mitrovica, Kosovo, a city in the district above
*** North Mitrovica, the northern part of the city above
* Sremska Mitrovica, a city and municipality in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia
** Sremska Mitrovica prison
** Sremska Mitrovica Airport
** Mačvanska Mitrovica, a town in the municipality above

## People with the surname

* Rexhep Mitrovica (1888–1967), Albanian politician
* Jerry X. Mitrovica (1960-), geoscientist
# Proteracanthus

Proteracanthus is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ephippidae, the spadefishes and batfishes. The only species in the genus is Proeracanthus sarissophorus which occurs in coral reefs around Malaysia, Borneo, and Sumatra. This species is also known as the harpoon spadefish, or in Malaysia as drummer, knightfish, rudderfish or sea chub. This species grows to a length of 32.5 centimetres (12.8 in) SL.

## Taxonomy

Proteracanthus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1859 by the German-born British herpetologist and ichthyologist Albert Günther. Its only species was Crenidens sassiphorus which had been described in 1849 by the Danish zoologist Theodore Edward Cantor with its type locality given as the Sea of Penang in Malaya. This taxon belongs to the family Ephippidae in the order Moroniformes.

## Etymology

Proteracanthus is a combination of proteros, meaning “before” or “earlier”, with acanthus, a “spine” or “thorn”. This is a reference to the horizontal spine in front of the dorsal fin. The specific name combines sarissa, a “pike”, with phorus, meaning “to bear”, an allusion to the elongated fourth spine of the dorsal fin.
# Douglas Robertson Bisset

Douglas Robertson Bisset (25 May 1908 – 30 August 2000), was a Scottish sculptor, best known for his works in the city of Glasgow and for several notable portrait busts.

## Biography

Bisset was born in Strichen in Aberdeenshire and served an apprenticeship with an architectural sculptor in Glasgow before studying at the Glasgow School of Art between 1930 and 1933. Bisset won the Newberry Gold Medal and a John Keppie Scholarship, which allowed him to travel to Germany, Austria and Denmark to further his studies. During 1933 he worked as an assistant teacher at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts under Einar Utzon-Frank. Bisset then spent two years at the British School at Rome before moving to Greece in 1935 where he was attached to the British School of Archaeology in Athens for three years.
Bisset contributed plaster statues, now lost, of David Livingstone and James Watt for the Scottish Pavilion North which was part of the Empire Exhibition held in Glasgow in 1938. Many years later, he produced a relief panel, with an unusual take on the idea of the Grim Reaper, which was sited above the mortuary door of the Glasgow Victoria Infirmary.
Bisset returned to Britain at the start of World War Two and settled in London. During 1939 he taught art and sculpture at the Brighton School of Art and later in 1939 took the post of Head of Sculpture at Leeds College of Art where he remained until 1946. In 1944, the War Artists' Advisory Committee purchased a bronze bust by Bisset of the Victoria Cross holder John Patrick Kenneally. Bisset's 1950 portrait bust of Ernest Bevin is now in the British Government's Art Collection.
From 1980 until 1995, Bisset lived in Mexico but eventually returned to live in Glasgow.
# Lonely (Tracy Lawrence song)

"Lonely" is a song written by Robin Lee Bruce and Roxie Dean, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was released in May 2000 as the second single from the album Lessons Learned. The song reached #18 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 24 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 6 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 18 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2000) | Position |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 68 |
# Jack Lawton

Jack Lawton (fl. 1930s) was an English professional footballer who played as an outside right in the Football League for Burnley. He also played for Manchester North End and Altrincham.
# Yuri Kurilsky

Yuri Kurilsky (Belarusian: Юры Курыльскі; 1978/1979 – 2007), known as The Monster with the Black Volga (Belarusian: Монстар з чорнай волгай) was a Belarusian serial killer who killed three women and girls around the Vitebsk Region from 2004 to 2005. He was convicted, sentenced to death and subsequently executed for these crimes in 2007.

## Biography

Little is known of Kurilsky's personal life. Born in Novopolotsk, by the time of the crimes he was married and worked as an operator at the Naftan Oil Refinery. While he was a respected citizen, locals noted that he was easily angered and very aggressive when provoked.
From 2004 to 2005, Kurilsky would cruise around the Vitebsk Region in his black Volga and would pick up any victims he found suitable to satisfy his sexual demands. The first victim was a 23-year-old resident of Novopolotsk, whom, after he had sex with her, Kurilsky beat to death with a tire iron and then threw her body into the Usvyacha river. At first, this murder was considered an isolated incident, but almost a year later, two more bodies were pulled out of the river, bearing similar injuries to the first one.
The first victim was determined to be a 16-year-old schoolgirl from Gvozdovo, who had been strangled, while the other was a prostitute from Polotsk whose throat had been cut. The latter murders were determined to have been committed just a month apart, and DNA evidence revealed that all three victims had engaged in sexual intercourse with the same man
After interviewing witnesses, authorities determined that all three victims were seen entering a Soviet-era black Volga, a vehicle which was uncommon to the area. This enabled them to check every vehicle matching the description, eventually leading them to Kurilsky. Upon inspecting his apartment and car, police found a knife with bloodstains from one of the victims, as well as bloodstains from yet another in the back of his car. In the subsequent interrogations, he readily admitted his guilt, but was unable to provide an adequate explanation for why he carried out his murders. Allegedly, it was later written in the court verdict that the murders were motivated by "the sudden arisal of a hostile relationship".
A psychiatric examination ruled that Kurilsky was sane and eligible to stand trial. During the trial, he again reiterated that he was guilty and asked for forgiveness from the victims' families. Subsequently, he was found guilty and sentenced to death. Upon hearing the verdict, Kurilsky simply smiled. After presumably refusing to appeal his conviction, Kurilsky was shot in the execution chamber of Pishchalauski Castle in Minsk in 2007, though the exact date remains unknown.
# Ottoman Hearths

The Ottoman Hearths (Turkish: Osmanlı Ocakları) is a Turkish nationalist and Islamist sociopolitical group.

## History

The Ottoman Hearths are Turkish nationalist, Islamist, Pan-Turkist, and Neo-Ottomanist, to an extent that the Neo-Ottomanism only refers to the preservation and continuation of Ottoman traditions and history, and not harming the Republic of Turkey. The Ottoman Hearths are hardline supporters of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The Ottoman Hearths also view Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the saviour of the Turkish nation, rather than as the abolisher of the Ottoman Empire, and they often criticise the CHP and accuse them of drifting away from Atatürk's path. Kadir Canpolat, the founder of the Ottoman Hearths, stated that "as the Ottoman Hearths, we have never failed at respecting our ancestors and those who founded our Republic. Because the Republic is ours just as much as the Ottoman Empire is ours." Canpolat, when talking about the criticism of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, stated "we will never allow this. Atatürk is also our Atatürk. Ottoman civilization is our essence. We will follow our ancestors, but with the values of the Republic. Atatürk is ours, Abdulhamid is ours, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is ours. We will protect our national and spiritual values in all forms."
The political wing of the Ottoman Hearths is the Hearth Party. Ottoman Hearths also use the hand symbol made by the Hearth Party, which is identical to the "Che vuoi" gesture and represents bridging the differences between Ottoman and Kemalist eras thru Turkish unity.
The Ottoman Hearths are nationalistic, and praise various Turkic historical leaders and empires, and often carry flags of the 16 Great Turkic Empires, and use terms like "Turkish power".
In 2017, the National Coordinator for Security and Counterterrorism (NCTV) described the Ottoman Hearths as a “pro-government paramilitary organization” and said that the opening of an Ottoman Hearths office in the Netherlands was a “worrying development”. The NCTV accused the Ottoman Hearths of planning to attack political opponents of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the Netherlands. The Ottoman Hearths deny any connection to Erdoğan aside from political support.
# Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus

Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus is a species of bacterium, the type species of its genus.

## Description

It is an obligately aerobic, bacteriochlorophyll a-containing bacteria.
# Usvyacha

The Usvyacha (Russian: Усвяча) is a river in Kunyinsky and Usvyatsky Districts of Pskov Oblast in Russia and in Vitebsk Raion of Vitebsk Region in northern Belarus. A right tributary of the Daugava (the Western Dvina), the Usvyacha is 100 kilometres (62 mi) long, and its basin drains an area of 2,340 square kilometres (900 sq mi).
The source of the Usvyacha is located in the southern part of Kunyinsky District. Usvyacha flows to the north, through Lake Usmynskoye and Lake Ozeron. North of Lake Ozeron, it turns west and flows into Lake Ordosno. This lake is located at the border between Kunyinsky and Usvyatsky Districts. Usvyacha flows out of the lake in the southern direction and enters Lake Usvyaty. The urban-type settlement of Usvyaty is located at the right bank of the Usvyacha north of the lake. South of Lake Usvyaty, the Usvyacha accepts the Ovsyanka from the right and crosses into Belarus. Its mouth is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) upstream of the urban-type settlement of Surazh.
The 2,340-km² drainage basin of the Usvyacha includes the center and the southeast of Usvyachsky District, the southwest of Kunyinsky District, the northwest of Velizhsky District of Smolensk Oblast, as well as the northwest of Vitebsk Raion.
# John Labern

John Labern (c. 1815 – March 1881) was an English singer and songwriter whose songs in the 1830s and 1840s were significant in the development of popular music.
He was born and grew up in the Fitzrovia area of St Pancras, London, and performed his songs in the Vauxhall Gardens and song and supper rooms, including the Cyder Cellars in Covent Garden. His songs were widely circulated in periodicals including T. P. Prest's London Singer's Magazine, in the late 1830s, which featured Labern's work prominently. His songs addressed topical issues in a humorous style, and because they were not performed on theatre stages avoided any censorship by the Lord Chamberlain's Office; some would have been considered obscene. As well as performing them himself, his songs were sung by other entertainers such as J. W. Sharp and Sam Cowell. They were published in several volumes, including J. Labern's Original Comic Songs (1842) and Labern's Comic Minstrel (1865).
In 1858, Labern became a tobacconist and stationer with a shop on Euston Road. He died in 1881 and was buried at Brompton Cemetery.
# Vatican Croatian Prayer Book

The Vatican Croatian Prayer Book (Croatian: Vatikanski hrvatski molitvenik) is a Croatian vernacular prayer book and the example of Shtokavian vernacular literary dialect.
Written between 1380 and 1400 in Dubrovnik as a transcript and transliteration from older texts composed in a mixture of Church Slavonic and Chakavian dialect and written down in Glagolitic with some Cyrillic script, it retained a few phonological and morphological features found in the original manuscripts. The book contains the following parts: Offices of the Virgin Mary according to the rites of the Roman Church; seven penitentiary psalms; Offices of the Holy Cross; Offices for the dead; Offices of the Holy Spirit as well as numerous prayers. The script is the Roman Gothic, embroidered with luxuriantly outlined initials and miniatures. The name of the prayer book reflects the fact that it is held in the Vatican library. The text has become widely known from 1859, when influential Croatian historian Franjo Rački drew attention to it, but the first critical edition did not appear until 1934, published by Croatian literary historian and philologist Franjo Fancev [hr].
The book's central importance lies in the fact that it is the first major Shtokavian dialect vernacular text. Although Proto-Shtokavian and mixed Church Slavonic-Shtokavian manuscripts are known to have appeared a century or two before, it is the first text in what can be termed a vernacular dialect. Analyses of the manuscript have shown that recorded morphological and phonological features are transient forms in the development of the dialect, but its syntax is quite archaic, especially compared to the idiom of later prayer books (the Croatian Prayer Book from 1450s, also from Dubrovnik and held in the library of Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb) or the syntax of Marin Držić's dramas (early 16th century).

## Sources

* Fancev, Franjo; Gianelli, Ciro, eds. (1934). Vatikanski hrvatski molitvenik i Dubrovački psaltir; dva latinicom pisana spomenika hrvatske proze 14 i 15 vijeka (in Croatian). Zagreb: Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts.
# Slovechna

The Slovechna is a river in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine and Gomel Region, Belarus. It is a right tributary of the Pripyat River. It is 158 kilometres (98 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 3,600 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi).
# Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's team cross country

The men's team cross country event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. It was the third and last appearance of this event. The competition was held on Saturday, July 12, 1924.
Six nations competed as they have at least three competitors participating in the individual cross country race.

## Results

The first three runners for each nation to finish in the individual cross country race counted towards the team results. The placings and points were only given to the first three runners of the teams that had already three finishers. Their placings were summed, and the team with the lowest sum won.
| Place | Team | Score | Total |
| Final ||||
| 1 | Finland (FIN) | Finland (FIN) | 11 |
| 1 | Paavo Nurmi | 1 | 11 |
| 1 | Ville Ritola | 2 | 11 |
| 1 | Heikki Liimatainen | 8 | 11 |
| | Väinö Sipilä | DNF |
| | Eino Rastas | DNF |
| | Eero Berg | DNF |
| 2 | United States (USA) | United States (USA) | 14 |
| 2 | Earl Johnson | 3 | 14 |
| 2 | Arthur Studenroth | 5 | 14 |
| 2 | August Fager | 6 | 14 |
| | James Henigan | (11) |
| | John Gray | DNF |
| | Verne Booth | DNF |
| 3 | France (FRA) | France (FRA) | 20 |
| 3 | Henri Lauvaux | 4 | 20 |
| 3 | Gaston Heuet | 7 | 20 |
| 3 | Maurice Norland | 9 | 20 |
| | Robert Marchal | DNF |
| | André Lausseigh | DNF |
| | Lucien Dolquès | DNF |
| — | Spain (ESP) | Spain (ESP) | DNF |
| — | Fabián Velasco | (13) | DNF |
| — | Miguel Peña | (14) | DNF |
| — | José Andía | DNF | DNF |
| | Jesús Diéguez | DNF |
| | Amador Palma | DNF |
| | Miguel Palau | DNF |
| — | Great Britain (GBR) | Great Britain (GBR) | DNF |
| — | Ernie Harper | (4) | DNF |
| — | Arthur Sewell | DNF | DNF |
| — | John Benham | DNF | DNF |
| | Eddie Webster | DNF |
| | Joseph Williams | DNF |
| — | Sweden (SWE) | Sweden (SWE) | DNF |
| — | Edvin Wide | DNF | DNF |
| — | Sven Thuresson | DNF | DNF |
| — | Sidon Ebeling | DNF | DNF |
| | Gösta Bergström | DNF |
# Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's 56 pound weight throw

The men's 56 pound weight throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. It was the second appearance of this event after the debut in 1904. The Intercalated Games in 1906 saw a stone throw event. The competition was held on Friday, August 20, 1920, and on Saturday, August 21, 1920.
Twelve throwers from four nations competed.

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1920 Summer Olympics.
| World record | M.J. McGrath (USA) | 40 ft 61⁄4 in (12.35 m) | Montreal | 23 September 1911 |
| Olympic record | Étienne Desmarteau (CAN) | 10.46 | St. Louis (USA) | 1 September 1904 |
Pat McDonald bettered the Olympic record in the qualification with 11.00 metres and in the final with 11.265 metres. As the competition has been discontinued, his Olympic record still stands.

## Results

The best six throwers qualified for the final.
| Place | Athlete | Qual. | Qual. | Final |
| Place | Athlete | Distance | Rank | Final |
| 1 | Pat McDonald (USA) | 11.00 | 1 | 11.265 OR |
| 2 | Patrick Ryan (USA) | 10.925 | 2 | 10.965 |
| 3 | Carl Johan Lind (SWE) | 10.255 | 3 | 10.255 |
| 4 | Archie McDiarmid (CAN) | 9.475 | 4 | 10.12 |
| 5 | Malcolm Svensson (SWE) | 9.45 | 5 | 9.455 |
| 6 | Johan Pettersson (FIN) | 9.375 | 6 | 9.375 |
| 7 | Edward Roberts (USA) | 9.36 | | |
| 8 | Elmer Niklander (FIN) | 8.865 | | |
| 9 | Ville Pörhölä (FIN) | 8.85 | | |
| 10 | James McEachern (USA) | 8.84 | | |
| 11 | Nils Linde (SWE) | 8.635 | | |
| 12 | Robert Olsson (SWE) | 8.555 | | |
# DuPont Danisco

DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC (DDCE) was a 50/50 joint venture between DuPont and Genencor, a subsidiary of Danisco. The company is accelerating development and deployment of cellulosic ethanol, which is made from non-food biomass. DDCE plans to license its technology and also will engage in limited operations of cellulosic ethanol biorefineries.
The company's collaborations include work with Genera Energy and the University of Tennessee Research Foundation DDCE has constructed a demonstration-scale biorefinery and research and development facility for cellulosic ethanol in Vonore, Tennessee. The plant went into operation at the end of 2009.
DDCE was founded in 2008, but was eventually dissolved in 2011 due to the acquisition of Danisco by DuPont.