OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National treatment

National treatment is a principle in international law. Utilized in many treaty regimes involving trade and intellectual property, it requires equal treatment of foreigners and locals. Under national treatment, a state that grants particular rights, benefits or privileges to its own citizens must also grant those advantages to the citizens of other states while they are in that country. In the context of international agreements, a state must provide equal treatment to citizens of the other states participating in the agreement. Imported and locally produced goods should be treated equally — at least after the foreign goods have entered the market.
While this is generally viewed as a desirable principle, in custom it conversely means that a state can deprive foreigners of anything of which it deprives its own citizens. An opposing principle calls for an international minimum standard of justice (a sort of basic due process) that would provide a base floor for the protection of rights and of access to judicial process. The conflict between national treatment and minimum standards has mainly played out between industrialized and developing nations, in the context of expropriations. Many developing nations, having the power to take control over the property of their own citizens, wished to exercise it over the property of aliens as well.
Though support for national treatment was expressed in several controversial (and legally non-binding) United Nations General Assembly resolutions, the issue of expropriations is almost universally handled through treaties with other states and contracts with private entities, rather than through reliance upon international custom.
National treatment only applies once a product, service or item of intellectual property has entered the market. Therefore, charging customs duty on an import is not a violation of national treatment even if locally-produced products are not charged an equivalent tax.

## GATT/WTO

National treatment is an integral part of many World Trade Organization agreements. Together with the most favoured nation principle, national treatment is one of the cornerstones of WTO trade law. It is found in all 3 of the main WTO agreements (GATT, GATS and TRIPS).
National treatment is a basic principle of GATT/WTO that prohibits discrimination between imported and domestically produced goods with respect to internal taxation or other government regulation. The principle of national treatment is formulated in Article 3 of the GATT 1947 (and incorporated by reference in GATT 1994); Article 17 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS); and in Article 3 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The aim of this trade rule is to prevent internal taxes or other regulations from being used as a substitute for tariff protection.
A good summary is found in Japan-Alcohol which states; "[a] national treatment obligation is a general prohibition on the use of internal taxes and other internal regulatory measures so as to afford protection to domestic production".
# Graciosa Airport

Graciosa Airport (Portuguese: Aérodromo da Graciosa) (IATA: GRW, ICAO: LPGR) is an airport located 2 km (1.2 mi) west northwest of Santa Cruz da Graciosa on Graciosa Island in the Azores .

## History

Located at Barro Vermelho, between Dores and Ponta da Barca, it was projected in 1973, but only had the project and topographical surveys concluded in 1976, already by the regional authorities.
Built by the Azorean Regional Government between September 1979 and July 1981, its runway, 1325 meters long, was inaugurated on July 11, 1981. The original small air terminal was replaced by a new one, inaugurated on October 1, 2001.

## Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Graciosa Airport:
| Airlines | Destinations |
| SATA Air Açores | Ponta Delgada, Terceira |
# Fairfield Beach (Fairfield)

Fairfield Beach is a neighborhood of Fairfield, Connecticut.

## Location

Fairfield Beach is located to the south of downtown Fairfield, and the neighborhood extends south from Old Post Road to the Long Island Sound. The neighborhood originally held a variety of income levels, with small family farms such as the Hauser farm on the corner of Reef Road and Charles Street on one end of the spectrum, and small summer cottages on the beach at the other. While only a few families lived there year-round in the early and mid-twentieth century the neighborhood began growing in popularity for year-round residents throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
A recent surge in the neighborhood's popularity has led to a building boom, as many of the smaller old homes have been torn down and replaced with the larger new homes. Many of the newer homes have been constructed in a distinctive architectural style known as "Nantucket" or "beach" style.
Residents of the neighborhood are represented by several neighborhood organizations, including the Fairfield Beach Residents Association, which represents the entire beach area, and the Fair Acres Association, which represents residents residing within the blocks between Rowland Road and Penfield Road.
Traditionally, many Fairfield University students have lived in the neighborhood, and although their numbers have decreased in recent years as property values and rents have increased, there continues to be a significant student presence, leading to occasional conflict between students and permanent residents.
The area includes Jennings Beach and Penfield Beach; the Veterans Park; and the Fairfield Beach Club and the South Benson Marina.
There is a local school, Roger Sherman Elementary.

## Gallery

* Postcard from 1932 showing bathers at Fairfield Beach, Connecticut
* A recent view of Fairfield Beach
* Penfield Reef Lighthouse is located in the Long Island Sound off the coast of Fairfield Beach
* 1915 postcard of Fairfield Beach showing what is now Penfield Pavilion
* A 1921 postcard showing Fairfield Beach
* Boyle's Beach Casino, a lively dance hall, was located at the corner of Reef Road and Fairfield Beach Road until it burned down in 1915
# Sibongile Novuka

Sibongile Novuka (born 1 February 1998) is a South African rugby union player for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup. His regular position is fullback.
Novuka was named in the Blue Bulls squad for the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his debut in Round 7 of the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Golden Lions.
# Chakki Mod

Chakki Mod (also called Chakki Morh or Chakki Mor or Chakki Modh) is an area near the village of Bhoj Nagar, in Solan District, Himachal Pradesh. It is 30 km from Chandigarh on Chandigarh-Shimla highway. It is tourist location among youngsters for hangout in natural landscapes and river bed. It is known as a birding hotspot.
# Baqin

Baqin (Arabic: بُقَيْن, romanized: Buqayn) or Buqayn is a Syrian village in the Al-Zabadani District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Baqin had a population of 1,866 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
# Cypress Creek High School (Wesley Chapel, Florida)

Cypress Creek High School (CCHS, formerly Cypress Creek Middle High School) is a public high school in Wesley Chapel, Florida, United States. It was established in 2017 to accommodate increasing enrollment and relieve overcrowding in the fast-growing area. It is part of the Pasco County Schools district.

## History

Cypress Creek Middle High School was established in 2017 in Wesley Chapel, Florida and was built to accommodate increasing enrollment and relieve overcrowding in the fast-growing area. The Pasco County Schools district said it "couldn’t afford to build the new middle school at the same time", so the decision was made to open a new facility as a combined middle and high school, intending to construct a separate middle school at a later date. In building the facility, the district sought to alleviate potential concerns from parents by segregating the high school and middle school locker rooms. A screen was also installed in the gymnasium to allow it to be divided for high school and middle school physical education classes. However, high school and middle school students do share bus routes, as was already occurring in other schools in the district. Students from four other high schools were rezoned to attend the new Cypress Creek, and adjustments were made to other boundaries.
As a result, middle school-age children in grades 6–8 share the facilities with high school students, pending the opening of the separate Cypress Creek Middle School in the fall of 2020 on an adjacent campus. Considerable rezoning of school boundaries affecting an estimated 1,000 pupils is expected to result. Thereafter, the school for grades 9–12 will be known as Cypress Creek High School. Once Cypress Creek Middle School opens, it will have a projected 1,554 students and the high school's enrollment is expected to be 2,080, almost its design capacity of 2,090.

## Academics

The school offers Advanced Placement classes, as well as course specialties, termed "Academies", in such subjects as Criminal Justice, where students are introduced to law, forensics, patrol enforcement, and self-defense techniques. Business courses include information technology, where pupils become proficient in Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. Upon successful completion and examination, students may qualify for Microsoft Office Specialist certification. STEM courses also form part of the school's elective curriculum. At the school's debut, some students in the highest high school and middle school grades (11th and 8th grades), known as "Pack Leaders", were trained on leadership and peer counseling and placed into classes in the lower grade levels, to help students in those classes.

## Athletics

When the school opened in 2017, its high school had grades 9-11 only, with no seniors on the football team in the first season. It now has a full varsity sports program, including football, soccer, basketball for both boys and girls, track and field, swimming, tennis, golf and baseball. A 2,273 sq ft (211 m$^2$) weight room is part of the facility, alongside the county's only rubberized track; the nickname is the Coyotes.
# 1956 Oregon Ducks football team

The 1956 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1956 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Ducks compiled a 4–4–2 record (3–3–2 against PCC opponents), finished in fifth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 133 to 102. The team played home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, and Multnomah Stadium in Portland, Oregon.
The team's statistical leaders included Tom Crabtree with 366 passing yards, Jack Morris with 519 rushing yards, and Jim Shanley with 173 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | at Colorado* | | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO | W 35–0 | 40,500 |
| September 29 | Idaho | No. 18 | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | W 21–14 | 13,000 |
| October 5 | at UCLA | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 0–6 | 32,097 |
| October 13 | at Washington | | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA (rivalry) | L 7–20 | 32,626 |
| October 20 | Stanford | | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | L 7–21 | 14,800 |
| October 27 | at No. 13 Pittsburgh* | | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA | L 7–14 | 36,872 |
| November 3 | at California | | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | W 28–6 | 32,000 |
| November 10 | Washington State | | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | T 7–7 | 13,200 |
| November 17 | No. 14 USC | | Multnomah StadiumPortland, OR | W 7–0 | 14,480 |
| November 24 | at No. 11 Oregon State | | Parker StadiumCorvallis, OR (Civil War) | T 14–14 | 17,300 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# DeWitt High School (Arkansas)

DeWitt High School is a comprehensive public high school located in DeWitt, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education for students in grades 9 through 12. DeWitt is one of two public high schools in Arkansas County, Arkansas and the sole high school administered by the DeWitt School District.

## History

In 2009 Gillett High School closed, and students were consolidated into DeWitt High.

## Service area

Its territory includes areas in Arkansas, Jefferson, and Desha counties.
The municipalities it serves include DeWitt, Almyra, Gillett, Saint Charles, and Humphrey.
Additionally the district includes unincorporated areas: Arkansas Post, Bayou Meto, Crocketts Bluff, Eldridge Corner, Ethel, Nady, One Horse Store, Point Deluce, Reydell, Stinking Bay, and Tichnor.

## Academics

DeWitt High School is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and the assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum developed by the ADE, which requires students complete at least 22 units prior to graduation. Students complete regular coursework and exams and may take Advanced Placement (AP) courses and exam with the opportunity to receive college credit.

## Athletics

The DeWitt High School mascot and athletic emblem is the dragon with blue and gold serving as the school colors.
The DeWitt compete in interscholastic activities within the 4A Classification via the 4A Region 8 Conference, as administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. The Dragons field teams in football, golf (boys/girls), basketball (boys/girls), cheer, bowling (boys/girls), cross country (boys/girls), track and field (boys/girls), baseball, and fastpitch softball.
# Medicine Hat Airport

Medicine Hat Airport (IATA: YXH, ICAO: CYXH) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southwest of Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. WestJet Encore services the airport daily from Calgary.
During World War II the site was used as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP).

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

| Airlines | Destinations |
| WestJet Encore | Calgary |

## History
### Aerodrome

In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed at 50°02′N 110°43′W﻿ / ﻿50.033°N 110.717°W﻿ / 50.033; -110.717 with a Var. 21 degrees E and elevation of 2,345 feet (715 m). Six runways were listed as follows:
| Runway name | Length | Width | Surface |
| 2R/20L | 2,950 feet (899 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 2L/20R | 2,950 feet (899 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 16R/34L | 2,700 feet (823 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 16L/34R | 2,700 feet (823 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 9R/27L | 2,850 feet (869 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 9L/27R | 2,750 feet (838 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |

### Relief landing field - Holsom

In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed at 50°02′00″N 110°52′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.03333°N 110.86667°W﻿ / 50.03333; -110.86667﻿ (RCAF Holsom) with a Var. 22 degrees E and elevation of 2,540 feet (774 m). Three runways were listed as follows:
| Runway name | Length | Width | Surface |
| 13/31 | 2,800 feet (853 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 6/24 | 2,800 feet (853 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |
| 2/20 | 2,800 feet (853 m) | 100 feet (30 m) | Hard surfaced |

### Second World War training

RCAF Station Medicine Hat was home to No. 34 Service Flying Training School (SFTS) of the Royal Air Force, which became part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. The SFTS was open from 8 April 1941 to 17 November 1944. In 1939, the Department of National Defence appropriated the Medicine Hat Exhibition and Stampede Grounds, which was also used as a prisoner of war camp.
# Farmington High School (Arkansas)

Farmington High School is a comprehensive public high school located in the town of Farmington, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education for students in grades 10 through 12. It is one of nine public high schools in Washington County, Arkansas and the sole high school administered by the Farmington School District.
The high school's boundary includes the majority of Farmington and sections of Fayetteville.
In 1924, a high school of brick construction was erected and served nearly 100 students after the district was consolidated. In the 1960s, this building was destroyed in a fire, but replaced by other facilities. The school district launched a massive project in 2014 that resulted in a new performing arts center, high school, football stadium and track field.

## Academics

Farmington High School is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and has been accredited by AdvancED since 1997. The assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum developed by the ADE, which requires students complete at least 22 units prior to graduation. Students complete regular coursework and exams and may take Advanced Placement (AP) courses and exam with the opportunity to receive college credit.

## Athletics

The Farmington High School mascot and athletic emblem is the cardinal with red and white serving as the school colors.
The Farmington Cardinals compete in interscholastic activities within the 5A classification in the 5A West conference, as administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. The Cardinals field teams in football, golf (boys/girls), tennis (boys/girls), basketball (boys/girls), baseball, softball, track and field (boys/girls), and cheer.
Between 1972 and 1974, the Farmington Cardinals football team remained undefeated with 34-0-0 record. The fastpitch softball team has won three state championships between 2000 and 2011. In 2020, the girls basketball team won the state championship title shared with Star City due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2023, the girls basketball team won the Class 4A state championship again and are poised to repeat in 2024. The boys basketball team made its first state championship game appearance in 2024, led by Layne Taylor, the son of head coach Johnny Taylor. Taylor scored over 3,000 points in his prep career, and is currently third all-time in the record books.
# Tsukinowa Station

Tsukinowa Station (つきのわ駅, Tsukinowa-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Namegawa, Saitama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tōbu Railway.

## Lines

Tsukinowa station is served by the Tōbu Tōjō Line from Ikebukuro in Tokyo. Located between Shinrinkōen and Musashi-Ranzan, it is 55.4 km from the Ikebukuro terminus. All services, (TJ Liner, Kawagoe Limited Express, Rapid Express, Express, Semi Express, Local) stop at this station. During the daytime, the station is served by two Local trains per hour operating between Yorii and Shinrin-kōen. During weekends and holidays, three trains, including two F Liner trains, run via the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line, Tōkyū Tōyoko Line, and Minatomirai Line to Motomachi-Chūkagai.

## Station layout

The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks.

### Platforms

| 1 | TJ Tōbu Tōjō Line | for Musashi-Ranzan and Ogawamachi |
| 2 | TJ Tōbu Tōjō Line | for Kawagoe, Wakōshi, and Ikebukuro F Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line for Shibuya TY Tōkyū Tōyoko Line for Yokohama Minatomirai Line for Motomachi-Chukagai |

## History

The station opened on 26 March 2002.
From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on the Tōbu Tōjō Line, with Tsukinowa Station becoming "TJ-31".

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 5,352 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Saitama Prefectural Namegawa Comprehensive High School
* Namegawa Municipal Tsukinowa Elementary School
# Dev Son of Mudde Gowda

Dev S/O Mudde Gowda is a 2012 Kannada romantic comedy film loosely inspired by the Bollywood film Wake Up Sid. It stars Diganth and Charmi. Ananth Nag plays a prominent supporting role while the model-turned-actress Nathalia Kaur makes a special appearance. The film is directed and written by Indrajith Lankesh. Jassie Gift is the music director; Dharma Vish scored the background music and two songs which can be seen only in the movie. Shilpa Ramesh is the producer. Award-winning cinematographer Santosh Rai Pathaje is associated with this film as the camera man. It openrf across cinema halls on 6 April 2012.

## Cast

* Diganth as Dev
* Charmi as Kavya
* Ananth Nag as Mudde Gowda
* Nathalia Kaur as Kavya's friend
* Sudha Belawadi
* Sharan
* Raju Thalikote
* Tabla Nani
* Swayamvara Chandru
* Mithra
* Indrajith Lankesh as Deepu (special appearance)

## Title controversy

Karnataka Vokkaligara Okkoota said that the title Dev, Son of Mudde Gowda is defaming the Vokkaliga community and former Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda. Further the association went on to say that "it is a deliberate humiliation to the community and its staple food ‘ragi ball’ (Mudde)." They also said that some posters of the movie were derogatory.

## Reception
### Critical response

A critic from The Times of India scored the film at 3.5 out of 5 stars and says "While Diganth is at his best, Charmie charms you with her expressions and dialogue delivery. Sharan shines too. While Santhosh Pataje’s cinematography is impressive, music director Jessie Gift has given a couple of foot-tapping numbers". Srikanth Srinivasa from Rediff.com scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and says "The songs are choreographed and picturised well. Jassie Gift has scored some foot-tapping numbers. Santosh Pathaje's camerawork is adequate. The film is worth watching for its light-hearted comedy". Atul Chaturvedi from Bangalore Mirror wrote "The director’s intention of showcasing everything in rich colours accompanied by camerawork makes the film pleasing to the eyes. Charmee, it looks like, is ready to play the aunt on the small screen. Her liveliness covers up for the extra pounds. Dev S/o Mudde Gowda is a safe bet. Enjoy the mellowness". A critic from News18 India wrote "Jessie Gift's music is the highlight of the film. "Dil se" song is well picturised also. Santhosh Kumar Pathaaje's camera work adds up to the richness of the film. The editing work is also perfect". SV from Deccan Herald wrote " Go with blinkers tightly on your expectations and Dev, which is dud as a dodo, is sure to tickle your funnybones. Ananth Nag, Diganth and Charmi weave their charm on their fans with ease and elan. Enjoy maadi". Y Maheswara Reddy from DNA wrote "However, Dev S/O Muddegowda has its fair share of glamour, entertainment, comedy and loads of sentiment and that makes it a worthwhile watch".