OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flooding the market

Flooding the market is an excess amount of inventory for sale causing an undesired drop in price for the product that can, in extreme cases, make the price go negative or make the products impossible to sell at any price.
Businesses take measures to avoid that effect. For example, publishers will release books from popular authors under pseudonyms, as with the Kenyatta series by Donald Goines, which were published under the name Al. C. Clarke. The same also occurred for Stephen King, who published several books under the pseudonym Richard Bachman.
Flooding the market can be done intentionally in an effort to eliminate competition and is then known as dumping.

## Examples

In the United States in 1956, commodities traders Sam Siegel and Vincent Kosuga bought up large quantities of onions and then flooded the market as part of a scheme to make money on a short position in onion futures. This sent the price of a 50-pound bag of onions down to only 10 cents, less than the value of the empty bag. Effectively, the price of the onions was negative. The incident led to the passing of the Onion Futures Act.
The video game crash of 1983 was largely caused by excess inventory of low-quality games. Atari, Inc. greatly overproduced the game E.T. and could not sell them, and disposed of the inventory in a landfill.
# Świecinki

Świecinki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łanięta, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Łanięta, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Kutno, and 62 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Minami-Hyūga Station

Minami-Hyūga Station (南日向駅, Minami-Hyūga-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Hyūga, Miyazaki, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu and is on the Nippō Main Line.

## Lines

The station is served by the Nippō Main Line and is located 283.1 km from the starting point of the line at Kokura.

## Layout

The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks at grade with a siding branching off track 1. The station does not have a staffed ticket window and only a waiting area is provided and this occupies only a part of a large multi-storey Japanese style building which also houses a community centre and Iwawaki branch of Hyūga City Hall. There is an accessibility ramp up to the station building. Access to the platform opposite the station building requires a footbridge but there is also a direct entrance to platform 2 on the other side of the tracks. Parking and a bike shed are available at the station forecourt.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ ■ Nippō Main Line | for Nobeoka and Oita |
| 2 | ■ ■ Nippō Main Line | for Miyazaki and Miyazaki Airport |

## History

In 1913, the Miyazaki Prefectural Railway (宮崎県営鉄道) had opened a line from Miyazaki northwards to Hirose (now closed). After the Miyazaki Prefectural Railway was nationalized on 21 September 1917, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) undertook the subsequent extension of the track as part of the then Miyazaki Main Line, reaching Mimitsu by 11 October 1921. In the next phase of expansion, the track was extended to Tomitaka (now Hyūgashi) which opened as the new northern terminus on 11 October 1921. This station, then named Iwawaki Station (岩脇駅), was opened on the same day as an intermediate station on the new track. Freight services were discontinued in 1962. On 25 May 1963, the station was renamed Minami-Hyūga. Baggage handling was discontinued in 1974, and the station became unattended. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Kyushu.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 48 passengers (boarding only) per day.

## Surrounding area

* Hyuga City Hiraiwa Elementary and Junior High School
# Kikuyō, Kumamoto

Kikuyō (菊陽町, Kikuyō-machi) is a town located in Kikuchi District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2024, the town had an estimated population of 43,852 in 19715 households, and a population density of 1200 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the town is 37.46 km$^2$ (14.46 sq mi).

## Geography

Kikuyō is located in central Kumamoto Prefecture, adjacent to the northeast side of Kumamoto City. The Shirakawa River flows west through the central-southern part of the town, with river terraces spreading along the banks. The Horikawa River also flows through the northern part of the town, and numerous irrigation canals run through the river basin.

### Neighboring municipalities

Kumamoto Prefecture
* Kōshi
* Kumamoto
* Mashiki
* Ōzu

### Climate

Kikuyō has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kikuyō is 15.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1965 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.6 °C.

### Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Kikuyō is as shown below

## History

The area of Kikuyō was part of ancient Higo Province, During the Edo Period it was part of the holdings of Kumamoto Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the villages of Tsuda, Haramizu and Shirasui was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889.The three villages merged on April 1, 1955 to form the village of Kikuyō. On January 1, 1969 Kikuyō was raised to town status.

## Government

Kikuyō has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Kikuyō, collectively with the other municipalities in Kikuchi District, contributes two members to the Kumamoto Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Kumamoto 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Kikuyō has a mixed economy based on agriculture, notably in the southern and eastern parts of the town around the Shirakawa River. Kikuyō is known for its Kikuyō carrots. From the 1980s onwards, numerous semiconductor manufacturers have located production plants in Kikuyō, and the semiconductor and semiconductor-related industries now dominate the industrial sector of the local economy. The town is growing, due to the presence of a Tokyo Electric plant and the current construction of a new Fujifilm plant on highway 57.

## Education

Kikuyō has six public elementary schools and two public junior high schools operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school. Kumamoto-based Shokei College has a campus in Kikuyō.

## Transportation
### Railways

JR Kyushu - Hōhi Main Line
* Haramizu - Sanrigi

### Highways

The Kyushu Expressway passes though Kikuyō, but there is no interchange within the town borders.
* National Route 57
* National Route 443

## Notable people from Kikuyō

* Masanobu Komaki, football player
* Takashi Sawada, football player
* Daisuke Yano, football player
# Ipana griseata

Ipana griseata is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand. This species is classified as "At Risk, Declining" by the Department of Conservation.

## Taxonomy

Ipana griseata was first described and illustrated by George Vernon Hudson in 1898 as Declana griseata. Hudson further discussed and illustrated the species both in his 1928 and 1939 publications. The lectotype specimen is held at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. In 2023, the species was moved to the genus Ipana.

## Description

Hudson gave a description and illustration of the larvae of this species in his 1939 publication. In appearance the larvae are extremely variable but it is able to mimic the appearance of a twig on its host plant.
The pupa are enclosed in a cocoon made of moss and plant detritus and can be found on the ground.
Hudson described the adult moth as follows:
   The expansion of the wings of the male is 1+1⁄8 inches, of the female 1+3⁄8 inches. The fore-wings are dull slaty-grey, with a slightly paler central band; there is a fine oblique wavy transverse line at about one-fourth, another at about one-half, and indications of a third at about three-fourths; numerous minute black streaks are thickly scattered over the wing, especially near the base and the termen; the outline of the termen is very slightly scalloped. The hind-wings are pale grey, darker near the termen. The body is very dark slaty-grey. The antenna of the male are not bi-pectinated.

## Distribution

Ipana griseata is endemic to New Zealand. This species range is from the Bay of Plenty/Taupo to Southland. However it is likely locally extinct in some North Island localities. Ipana griseata has been recorded as being collected in Wellington, Top house at Lake Rotoiti, Mount Hutt, Castle Hill, Cave Creek in Paparoa National Park, Arthurs Pass, Waiho Gorge in Westland, Dunedin, Ben Lomond, Lake Wakatipu, Takitimu Mountains in Southland, Invercargill and Orepuki.

## Biology and behaviour

The larvae of Ipana griseata are present in December and January. The adult moths emerge from February. This species can be found on the wing from September until May and is attracted to light. Adults rest on mossy tree trunks in the vicinity of their host plants.

## Host species

The host species of this moth are leafy mistletoes, including Peraxilla colensoi.

## Conservation status

This moth is classified under the New Zealand Threat Classification system as being "At Risk, Declining". It was regarded by Hudson as being a scarce species even when first described. The survival of this moth is dependent on the survival of its host plants.
# Ran Kadoch

Ran Kadoch (or Ran Kadosh, Hebrew: רן קדוש; born 4 October 1985) is an Israeli former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Personal life

Kadoch holds a French passport.
# Newman's conjecture

In mathematics, specifically in number theory, Newman's conjecture is a conjecture about the behavior of the partition function modulo any integer. Specifically, it states that for any integers m and r such that $0\leq r\leq m-1$, the value of the partition function $p(n)$ satisfies the congruence $p(n)\equiv r{\pmod {m}}$ for infinitely many non-negative integers n. It was formulated by mathematician Morris Newman in 1960. It is unsolved as of 2025.

## History

Oddmund Kolberg was probably the first to prove a related result, namely that the partition function takes both even and odd values infinitely often. The proof employed was of elementary nature and easily accessible, and was proposed as an exercise by Newman in the American Mathematical Monthly.
1 year later, in 1960, Newman proposed the conjecture and proved the cases m=5 and 13 in his original paper, and m=65 two years later.
Ken Ono, an American mathematician, made further advances by exhibiting sufficient conditions for the conjecture to hold for prime m. He first showed that Newman's conjecture holds for prime m if for each r between 0 and m-1, there exists a nonnegative integer n such that the following holds:
* $24\mid mn+1$
* $p\left({\frac {mn+1}{24}}\right)\equiv r{\pmod {m}}$
He used the result, together with a computer program, to prove the conjecture for all primes less than 1000 (except 3). Ahlgren expanded on his result to show that Ono's condition is, in fact, true for all composite numbers coprime to 6.
Three years later, Ono showed that for every prime m greater than 3, one of the following must hold:
* Newman's conjecture holds for m, or
* $m\mid p(mn+k)$ for all nonnegative integers n, and $1\leq k<24,24k\equiv 1{\pmod {m}}$.
Using computer technology, he proved the theorem for all primes less than 200,000 (except 3).
Afterwards, Ahlgren and Boylan used Ono's criterion to extend Newman's conjecture to all primes except possibly 3. 2 years afterwards, they extended their result to all prime powers except powers of 2 or 3.

## Partial progress and solved cases

The weaker statement that $p(n)\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}$ has at least 1 solution has been proved for all m. It was formerly known as the Erdős–Ivić conjecture, named after mathematicians Paul Erdős and Aleksandar Ivić. It was settled by Ken Ono.
# Tarnowa, Łódź Voivodeship

Tarnowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poddębice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Poddębice and 34 km (21 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Świerczyny, Łódź Voivodeship

Świerczyny (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobiele Wielkie, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Kobiele Wielkie, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Radomsko, and 90 km (56 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Hyūga Shōnai Station

Hyūga Shōnai Station (日向庄内駅, Hyūga Shōnai-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Miyakonojō, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kitto Line and is located 4.1 km from the starting point of the line at Miyakonojō.

## Layout

The station consists of a side platform, serving a single track at grade. There is no station building but a shed has been set up at the station entrance as a waiting room. A bike shed is available at the station forecourt.

## History

Japanese National Railways (JNR) opened Hyūga Shōnai on 15 April 1952 as an additional station on the existing track on the Kitto Line. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, Tanigashira came under the control of JR Kyushu.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 65 passengers (boarding only) per day.

## Surrounding area

* Miyakonojo National College of Technology
* Ōyodo River
# Gourab Sarkar

Gourab Sarkar is an Indian singer. He has participated Sa Re Ga Ma Pa, a singing reality show which airs on Zee Bangla and became the 1st runner-up of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2019. He has sung many songs like Rakhbo Tomay Jotne Ami, Megh, Bijoyer Gaan, Eso Bondhu, Elo Maa Dugga, Manche Pherar Gaan, Algoche and many more.

## Songs

* Rakhbo Tomay Jotne Ami
* Megh
* Bijoyer Gaan
* Eso Bondhu
* Elo Maa Dugga
* Namuk Brishti
* Manche pherar Gaan
* Aalgoche
* Mon Banjare Re
# We Were Eight Years in Power

We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy is a 2017 collection of essays by Ta-Nehisi Coates originally published in The Atlantic magazine between 2008 and 2016 over the course of the American Barack Obama administration. It includes the titles that launched his career: "The Case for Reparations" and "The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration". Each of the essays is introduced with the author's reflections.
Time magazine listed We Were Eight Years in Power as one of its top ten non-fiction books of 2017.

## Essays

* "'This Is How We Lost to the White Man'"
* "American Girl"
* "Why Do So Few Blacks Study the Civil War?"
* "The Legacy of Malcolm X"
* "Fear of a Black President"
* "The Case for Reparations"
* "The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration"
* "My President Was Black"
# Abdulkareem Khalefah

Abdulkareem Khalefah Al-Nsour (عبد الكريم خليفة, born in 1924 - died on 17 August 2020) was a Jordanian professor of Arabic literature, former president of the Jordanian Academy of the Arabic Language, and former president of the University of Jordan. He has dozens of books in the Arabic library on language and literature.

## Early life and education

Abdulkareem Khalefah was born in the city of As-Salt, the capital of Balqa in western Jordan, in 1924. He memorized the Quran up to Surah "Ya-Sin" at the Kuttab (traditional school), where he also learned to read, write, and acquire basic arithmetic skills. He then enrolled in a government school that provided both primary and secondary education, obtaining his Jordanian General Secondary Certificate in 1942. He was sent on a scholarship to Baghdad to specialize in Arabic language and literature, earning a bachelor's degree in Arabic language and literature with honors from the Higher Teachers' Institute in 1946. He later traveled at his own expense to Paris, where he earned a Doctorate in Letters with high honors from Sorbonne University in 1954.

## Career

His professional experience was comprehensive in the field of education; he worked as a teacher at Al-Tafilah Primary School in Jordan (1942–1943). After returning from Baghdad, he taught Arabic language and literature at the Fourth Preparatory School in Aleppo (1946–1947), then taught the principles of general and specific teaching methods for Arabic language at Aleppo (1947–1950). He also taught the principles of general and specific teaching methods for Arabic language at the Teachers' Institute in Aleppo under a contract with the Syrian government.
After obtaining his doctorate and returning from Paris, he worked as an inspector for Arabic language and literature at the Ministry of Education in Jordan in Amman (1956–1963). When the University of Jordan was established in Amman, he became an assistant professor (later promoted to associate professor) in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the Faculty of Arts in 1963.
He rose through the ranks and became the president of the University of Jordan from 1968 to 1971. He chaired the Jordan Academy of Arabic from its founding in 1976 in a non-full-time capacity, and then full-time from 1994. He was also a member of the Jordanian Arabization, Translation, and Publication Committee since its establishment in 1961, and participated in all Arabization conferences as well as a number of scientific conferences and workshops across the Arab world. Khalifa published a large number of articles, books, and scientific research, with his first publication appearing in 1949.

## Awards

He received several honors, including:
* Order of Independence in 1971
* Excellent Education Medal in 1978
* Order of Al-Hussein for Distinguished Contributions, First Class in 2000.
* Order of the Star of Jordan, First Class in 2015

## Death

He died on Monday, 17 August 2020, at the age of 95–96.
# Ernst Rittel

Ernst Rittel, also known as Rittel (II) (date of birth unknown) was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel. He played mainly as forward, but also as midfielder.
Rittel joined FC Basel's first team for their 1915–16 season under player-coach and captain Ernst Kaltenbach. Rittel played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 3 October 1915 as Basel were defeated 1–3 by Étoile-Sporting.
Between the years 1915 and 1918 Rittel (II) played a total of 12 games for Basel without scoring a goal. Five of these games were in the Nationalliga A and seven were friendly games.
# Palaeomolis palmeri

Palaeomolis palmeri is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Rothschild in 1910. It is found in Colombia.
# 1804 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
As most sealing is taking place in Bass Strait, although the rookeries there are declining, there is little interest in Dusky Sound, the rookeries of which are also declining. It is however still being used as a provisioning stop and rendezvous by sealers looking for new sealing grounds to the south and east of New Zealand. Foveaux Strait is discovered in December but its existence does not become widely known for some time. There is a marked increase in the number of whalers operating in the north of New Zealand, due in part to attacks on British boats in the South Atlantic as a result of the Napoleonic wars. There is also an increase in American ships from New England.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – King George III.
* Governor of New South Wales – Philip Gidley King

## Events

* ?March or July – The Alexander returns Teina to the Bay of Islands along with the gifts from Governor King including probably the first pigs in the area.
* May – In an attempt to maintain a British monopoly of trade in Australian waters Governor King prohibits the construction of unauthorised boats of more than fourteen feet long in New South Wales.
* June – James Cavanagh, a prisoner on the government vessel Lady Nelson, Lieutenant James Symons, runs from the ship when it stops near the Cavalli Islands. He lives with Māori in the Bay of Islands, becoming one of the earliest recorded Pākehā Māori, but avoids any further European contact.
* December – Owen Folger Smith on board Honduras Packet, Captain Owen Bunker, discovers Foveaux Strait which he names Smith's Strait.
** – Maa-Tara is recorded as crewing on the Ferret. He has been sent by his father Te Pahi to visit the settlement at Port Jackson.

### Undated

* Samuel Marsden becomes the local agent for the London Missionary Society in the Pacific.
* The first sealing gang is left on the Antipodes Islands by the Independence, Captain Isaac Pendleton. The Independence and all its crew are lost in Fiji and the sealing gang is not rescued for over a year.

## Births

* 30 September (in England): Willoughby Shortland, colonial administrator

### undated

* James Mackay, politician
# Evening Star (Joshua Breakstone album)

Evening Star is an album by guitarist Joshua Breakstone that was recorded in 1990 and first released by the Contemporary label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In his review on AllMusic, Scott Yanow states "guitarist Joshua Breakstone utilizes two well-respected veterans (trombonist Jimmy Knepper and pianist Tommy Flanagan) on a quintet set, along with two younger players ... The guitarist's single-note solos often make him seem like a horn player, so he never clashes with the pianist. It is a special treat getting to hear the under-recorded Jimmy Knepper stretching out".

## Track listing

* "The Thumb" (Wes Montgomery) – 7:10
* "I Know Why" (Harry Warren, Mack Gordon) – 6:51
* "The Way You Look Tonight" (Jerome Kern, Dorothy Fields) – 8:13
* "Child's Play" (Joshua Breakstone) – 7:12
* "Evening Star" (Benny Carter) – 7:29
* "Just Open Your Heart" (Barry Harris) – 7:39

## Personnel

* Joshua Breakstone – guitar
* Jimmy Knepper – trombone
* Tommy Flanagan – piano
* David Shapiro – bass
* Keith Copeland – drums
# Adavilo Abhimanyudu

Adavilo Abhimanyudu (transl. Abhimanyu in a Forest) is a 1989 Telugu-language adventure-thriller film, produced by S. Venkataratnam and directed by Anil. It stars Jagapathi Babu, Vinod Kumar Alva and Aishwarya (in her acting debut), with music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. The film is a remake of the 1989 Malayalam film Douthyam. The film won two Nandi Awards.

## Plot

The film revolves around the Indian Army's One Man Commando Operation by Captain Abhimanyu, which is about rescuing a missing military aircraft. The aircraft is presumed to be in a forest and carrying confidential military secret documents held by Captain Suresh.

## Cast

* Jagapathi Babu as Captain Abhimanyu
* Vinod Kumar Alva as Captain Suresh
* Aishwarya as Shanti
* Ranganath as Col. Raghuram
* Gummadi as Major
* Babu Antony as Max
* Sanjeevi as Captain Raju
* KK Sarma as Boxing Refery
* Kuali as item number
* Priyanka as Leela
* Kalpana Rai as Kalpana

## Soundtrack

The movie's music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan, and the lyrics were written by Acharya Aatreya. The soundtrack was released by AVM Audio Company.
| S. No | Song Title | Singers | length |
| 1 | "Pachahani Pachhika" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra | 4:08 |
| 2 | "Puttameedha Palapitta" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra | 4:13 |
| 3 | "Dammu Okati Kotteyara" | Chitra | 4:15 |

## Awards
### Nandi Awards

* Special Jury Award - Jagapati Babu (1989)
* Best Screenplay Writer - Satyanand