OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ayun, Chitral

Ayun (Khowar: Oyon, Urdu: ایون) Is a administrative unit, known as Union Council and Town in Lower Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 12 km south of the city of Chitral. It is located on the Chitral River at its confluence with the Bumburet River. Mountains surround the valley. The Bumburet River runs the length of the village and its water is used for irrigation, drinking, and the generation of electricity for the Ayun valley.

## Geography

Ayun has an average elevation of 4,500 ft (1,400 m).
The valley shares its borders with Bumburet and Birir to the west, Broze to the east, Chitral to the north, and Gahirat to the south.

## Climate

The average annual temperature in Ayun is 26°C. Each year, there is an approximate 1209 mm | 47.6 inch of precipitation that occurs.
Climate data for Ayun :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.6 (23.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | 2.4 (36.3) | 7.6 (45.7) | 15.1 (59.2) | 23 (73) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.1 (77.2) | 21.8 (71.2) | 14.2 (57.6) | 3.2 (37.8) | −3.2 (26.2) | 26.2 (79.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) | −5.8 (21.6) | −1.5 (29.3) | 3.7 (38.7) | 10.4 (50.7) | 18 (64) | 21.3 (70.3) | 20 (68) | 16.6 (61.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | −1.4 (29.5) | 6.5 (43.7) | 21.3 (70.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.3 (11.7) | −9.1 (15.6) | −5.4 (22.3) | −0.7 (30.7) | 4.5 (40.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.7 (60.3) | 14.9 (58.8) | 11.1 (52.0) | 2.6 (36.7) | −6 (21) | −10.3 (13.5) | 15.7 (60.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 108 (4.3) | 153 (6.0) | 195 (7.7) | 160 (6.3) | 104 (4.1) | 61 (2.4) | 54 (2.1) | 56 (2.2) | 40 (1.6) | 50 (2.0) | 53 (2.1) | 51 (2.0) | 1,085 (42.8) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Khowar is the main language of the Ayun. Bashgali is also spoken by a small population.

## Educational institutions

* Hira Public School Ayun
* Government Higher Secondary School Ayun
* Government Higher Secondary School for Women Ayun

## Notable Tribes of Ayun

* Zundre or Rono
* Katur
* Rizakhail
* Sangale
* Khaniye

## Notable people

Mehtarjao Sirbuland Khan, the ancestor of the Khaniye tribe of Ayun and Drosh.https://www.royalark.net/Pakistan/chitral3.htm Mohayat Lal, the great grandson of Mehtarjao Sirbuland Khan. He remained Hakim of Ayun before partition.
* Kamran Khan (last Hakim of Ayun)
# Koprivica

Koprivica (Cyrillic: Копривица) is a Montenegrin, Serbian and Croatian surname. Koprivicas stem from the area of Banjani, which was formerly part of Herzegovina but together with Piva, Niksic and Sutorina was attached to Montenegro on July 13, 1878 due to a decision of the Congress of Berlin.
Koprivicas can be found in the whole world, but mostly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina being mostly Orthodox Serbs, although some Koprivicas live in Croatia where they converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism. Koprivicas in Croatia live mostly in Konavle and Dubrovnik. The family arrived in Dubrovnik 1393 where Vuk Koprivica married a noblewoman and converted to Catholicism. Through ages, Koprivicas gave many doctors, politicians and priests in Dubrovnik. Famous are Niko Koprivica, who served as last NDH Mayor of Dubrovnik in 1944 during Nazi occupation and was later executed by Yugoslav Partisans when they entered Dubrovnik. In 1991, two Koprivica brothers, Ivo and Nikša served as defenders of the city during Croatian War of Independence. Ivo died in the war, leaving his younger brother as head of this ancient Dubrovnik family.
Some notable people with the surname Koprivica are:
* Balša Koprivica (born 2000), Serbian basketball player, son of Slaviša Koprivica
* Jovan Koprivica (born 1982), Serbian basketball player, son of Žarko Koprivica
* Nikola Koprivica (born 1988), Serbian basketball player, son of Žarko Koprivica
* Slaviša Koprivica (born 1968), Serbian basketball player
* Žarko Koprivica (born 1956), Serbian basketball player
* Niko Koprivica (1889-1944), Croatian politician, member of Croatian Peasant Party, knight of the Papal Order of St Gregory, wartime Lord Mayor of Dubrovnik
# Cottus duranii

Cottus duranii, the Dordogne sculpin or chabot d'Auvergne, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in France. It inhabits the Loire and Dordogne river drainages. It reaches a maximum length of 10.0 cm. It prefers streams with clear, cool, moderate to swift water and stone substrate. This species was described as a separate species from the European bullhead (C. gobio) in 2005 by Jörg Freyhof, Maurice Kottelat and Arne W. Nolte. The specific name durani means "of Duranius", the Latin name of the River Dordogne.
# Leeds (European Parliament constituency)

Leeds was a European Parliament constituency, centred on Leeds in the West Yorkshire area of England.
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.
When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Batley and Morley, Leeds East, Leeds North East, Leeds North West, Leeds South, Leeds South East, Leeds West and Pudsey. In 1984, Batley and Morley, Leeds South and Leeds South West were replaced by Elmet, Leeds Central and Morley and Leeds South.
In 1999, the constituency became part of the much larger Yorkshire and the Humber constituency.

## Members of the European Parliament

| Elected | Name | Party | Party |
| 1979 | Derek Enright | | Labour |
| 1984 | Michael McGowan | | Labour |
| 1999 | Constituency abolished: see Yorkshire and the Humber | Constituency abolished: see Yorkshire and the Humber | Constituency abolished: see Yorkshire and the Humber |

## Results

European Parliament election, 1979: Leeds :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Derek Enright | 62,475 | 45.6 | |
| | Conservative | P. C. Price | 54,405 | 39.8 | |
| | Liberal | David Austick | 20,005 | 14.6 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,070 | 5.8 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 136,885 | 28.6 | |
| | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) | Labour win (new seat) |
European Parliament election, 1984: Leeds :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Michael McGowan | 86,259 | 42.3 | −3.3 |
| | Conservative | John G. Holt | 60,178 | 36.1 | −3.7 |
| | Liberal | Stephen J. Cooksey | 36,097 | 21.6 | +7.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,357 | 6.2 | +0.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 182,534 | 31.6 | +3.0 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
European Parliament election, 1989: Leeds :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Michael McGowan | 97,385 | 52.2 | +9.9 |
| | Conservative | John Tweddle | 54,867 | 29.4 | −6.7 |
| | Green | Clive Lord | 22,558 | 12.1 | New |
| | SLD | J. Ewens | 11,720 | 6.3 | −15.3 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 42,518 | 22.8 | +14.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 186,530 | 37.1 | +5.5 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
European Parliament election, 1994: Leeds :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Michael McGowan | 89,160 | 56.9 | +4.7 |
| | Conservative | Neil Carmichael | 36,078 | 23.0 | −6.4 |
| | Liberal Democrats | Jane Harvey | 17,557 | 11.2 | +4.9 |
| | Liberal | Michael Meadowcroft | 6,617 | 4.2 | New |
| | Green | Claire Nash | 6,283 | 4.0 | −8.1 |
| | Natural Law | Sarah Jane Hayward | 1,018 | 0.7 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 53,082 | 33.9 | +11.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 156,713 | 30.0 | −7.1 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Pyramid Mountain (Montana)

Pyramid Mountain (12,124 feet (3,695 m)) is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness in Custer National Forest.
# Rendezvous Peak

Rendezvous Peak (10,932 feet (3,332 m)) is in the Teton Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Situated just south of Grand Teton National Park and within Bridger-Teton National Forest, Rendezvous Peak is the highest point on Rendezvous Mountain.
# Republic Mountain

Republic Mountain is a 10,162-foot-elevation (3,097-meter) mountain summit located in Park County, Wyoming, United States.

## Description

The peak is situated approximately one mile southwest of the town of Cooke City, Montana, just outside the northeast corner of Yellowstone National Park. It is part of the Absaroka Range, and is within the North Absaroka Wilderness, on land managed by Shoshone National Forest. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises over 2,600 feet (790 meters) above Cooke City in one mile. The nearest higher neighbor is Amphitheater Mountain, 2.5 miles to the southwest, and Pilot Peak is four miles to the southeast. The mountain's name was officially adopted as Republic Peak in 1930 by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and officially changed to Republic Mountain by the board in 1959.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Republic Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Republic Creek and Soda Butte Creek, which are tributaries of the Lamar River.
# Ross Peak

Ross Peak is a 9,008-foot-elevation (2,746-meter) mountain summit in Gallatin County, Montana, United States.

## Description

Ross Peak is the fourth-highest peak in the Bridger Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. The peak is situated 13 miles (21 km) north of Bozeman in the Gallatin National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's east slope drains to Brackett Creek → Shields River → Yellowstone River, whereas the west slope drains to Ross Creek → East Gallatin River → Gallatin River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,000 feet (914 meters) above Ross Creek in one mile (1.6 km). This mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The mountain is named for Melvin Ross Sr. who settled in the area in 1864 and placed a flag at the summit which could be seen from many miles away.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, the mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer.
# Scarface Mountain (Montana)

Scarface Mountain is a mountain summit located in Pondera County, Montana.
# Scenic Point

Scenic Point is a 7,522-foot-elevation (2,293-meter) mountain summit located in the Two Medicine area of Glacier National Park, in Glacier County, Montana, United States. It is situated in the Lewis Range, six miles northwest of East Glacier Park Village, and approximately seven miles east of the Continental Divide, with precipitation runoff from the mountain draining into the Two Medicine River watershed. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises over 2,600 feet (790 meters) above Lower Two Medicine Lake in one mile. Access to the summit is via the Continental Divide National Scenic Trail which traverses the upper slopes of this mountain. The trail to Scenic Point was constructed by the Great Northern Railway, and the summit once hosted a locomotive bell, a Swiss Alps tradition. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1929 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Geology

The mountains in Glacier National Park are composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks 3 mi (4.8 km) thick, 50 miles (80 km) wide and 160 miles (260 km) long over younger rock of the cretaceous period.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Scenic Point is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer.

## Gallery

* East aspect centered. Rising Wolf Mountain to right.
* North aspect (centered) above Lower Two Medicine Lake
* North aspect centered above Lower Two Medicine Lake
* Scenic Point trail
* Two Medicine Lake seen from the trail to Scenic Point
* Scenic Point summit view looking west, with Rising Wolf Mountain to right.
* Northwest aspect seen from Two Medicine Road
* Scenic Point (centered) seen from Spot Mountain
* Scenic Point from Highway 49
* Scenic Point rises above Lower Two Medicine Lake
# Sex Peak

Sex Peak is a summit in Sanders County, Montana, in the United States. It is located within the Kootenai National Forest. It has an elevation of 5,751 feet (1,753 m)
A conversation between a park official and a forester about sex supposedly caused the name Sex Peak to be selected.
Atop Sex Peak stands the Sex Peak Lookout Station, a decommissioned fire lookout tower which is now available for rental for overnight recreational visits from the United States Forest Service.
# 2020 in Sierra Leone

Events in the year 2020 in Sierra Leone.

## Incumbents

* President: Julius Maada Bio

## Events

* 31 March – First confirmed case of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone
* 23 December – After serving time in Rwanda for war crimes since 2009, former Revolutionary United Front (RUF) leader Augustine Gbao, 72, is returned to Blama to serve the remainder of his 25-year sentence.

## Deaths

* 5 March – Solomon Berewa, politician, Vice-President (b. 1938).
* 21 March – Eldred D. Jones, literary critic (b. 1925).
* 18 May – Minkailu Bah, politician.
* 18 July – Baba Ibrahim Suma-Keita, long-distance runner (b. 1947).
# W. Edward Crockett

W. Edward "Ed" Crockett is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 2018. He also wrote a memoir for his father, Walter Crockett. He is also the president of a soft drink company named Capt’n Eli's Soda.

## Electoral history

Crockett was first elected in the 2018 Maine House of Representatives election to the 43rd district. He was reelected in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted to the 112th district and elected to it in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election.

## Biography

Crockett graduated from Portland High School in 1979. He earned a bachelor's degree in broadcasting and journalism from the University of Maine in 1983 and a Master of Business Administration in marketing/sales from Boston College in 1986.
# Silvertip Peak (Wyoming)

Silvertip Peak is a 10,645-foot-elevation (3,245-meter) mountain summit located in Park County, Wyoming, United States.

## Description

Silvertip Peak is part of the Absaroka Range, and is within the North Absaroka Wilderness, on land managed by Shoshone National Forest. The peak is situated approximately eight miles east of Yellowstone Lake, and two miles outside the boundary of Yellowstone National Park. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 2,850 feet (870 meters) above Jones Creek in one mile. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1930 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Silvertip Peak has an alpine subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Jones Creek and Crow Creek, which are tributaries of the North Fork Shoshone River.
# South Downs Mountain

South Downs Mountain (13,068 ft (3,983 m)) is located in the Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Downs Mountain is the 27th highest peak in Wyoming. The summit is on the Continental Divide in both Shoshone and Bridger-Teton National Forests and it is 1.85 mi (2.98 km) south-southwest of Downs Mountain.

## Hazards

Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures.
Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018. Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near SquareTop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue. The U.S. Forest Service does not offer updated aggregated records on the official number of fatalities in the Wind River Range.
# Spearhead Peak

Spearhead Peak (10,131 feet (3,088 m)) is located in the Teton Range, Caribou-Targhee National Forest in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is situated near the head of Death Canyon and the Teton Crest Trail is immediately west of the peak.
# Shen Jong-chin

Shen Jong-chin (traditional Chinese: 沈榮津; simplified Chinese: 沈荣津; pinyin: Shěn Róngjīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sím Êng-tin; born 1951) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Vice Premier of Taiwan from 19 June 2020 to 30 January 2023.

## Education

Shen obtained his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Provincial Taipei Institute of Technology and master's degree in commerce automation and management from National Taipei University of Technology.

## Political career

Shen led the Export Processing Zone Administration prior to heading the Industrial Development Bureau in 2012, succeeding Woody Duh. Shen became vice minister of economic affairs in 2014, again replacing Duh. He took office as deputy minister of economic affairs on 20 May 2016, with the Lin Chuan cabinet. He served as acting minister following the resignation of Lee Chih-kung in August 2017, and was retained by premier Lai Ching-te.

### Anti-China movement in Vietnam

Responding to the destruction of Taiwanese companies operating in Vietnam due to the anti-China movement because of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation oil exploration in the disputed territories in South China Sea, Shen led a delegation to Vietnam to assist Taiwanese business people in the country in mid May 2014. They visited Bình Dương and Đồng Nai Provinces. The riot led to the damage of 224 Taiwanese companies and suspension of 1,100 Taiwanese enterprises.

### Vice premiership

On 19 June 2020, Shen was appointed vice premier, succeeding Chen Chi-mai, who had resigned to contest in the 2020 Kaohsiung mayoral by-election.
# Madison Cowan

Madison Cowan is a British-born American celebrity chef, and consulting chef. He was the first Grand Champion of Food Network's Chopped. He co-stars in BBC America’s travel series No Kitchen Required, appeared as a judge on Food Network’s Extreme Chef and in cooking segments on NBC’s Today Show and CBS This Morning. Cowan resides in New York City.

## Early life

Madison Cowan was born in Brixton, South London, his father is from Jamaica and his mother is an African-American. He started cooking at age 14.
His father was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, which ran in their family, and was a catalyst for his own advocacy work for the disease.

## Restaurant and food career

Early in Cowan's career he worked at Tavern on the Green, under Patrick Clark. Cowan was an executive chef at Ashbells in London.
Cowan was a co-owner of Avenue Inc., a supper club and cater company in New York City. From March 2013 to 2014, Cowan was the consulting chef for the restaurant Slide, located at 174 Bleecker Street, New York City.
In 2018, he was a participant in Michelle Obama's "Chefs Move to Schools" project.

## Television appearances

In 2010, Cowan was awarded the first title of "Grand Champion" of the culinary reality television show Chopped (Food Network), which also had a cash prize of $50,000 USD.
In April 2012, he won "Battle: Kale" on Food Network's Iron Chef America (season 10, episode 3), with Amanda Freitag and his runner-up on Chopped Lance Nitahara serving as his sous chefs, defeating Iron Chef Jose Garces.
In May of 2024, Cowan attracted controversy. He was reported to have not paid rent in his New York City apartment for 4 1/2 years and faced eviction.
# Liquidambar acalycina

Liquidambar acalycina, Chang's sweetgum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Altingiaceae native to southern China. Growing to 30–50 ft (9.1–15.2 m) tall and 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m) broad. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree with three-lobed maple-like leaves that turn red in autumn before falling. It is monoecious, meaning both male and female flowers appear on the same plant. The flowers are insignificant, yellow/green in colour, and are followed by small gum-balls that persist on the tree until winter. The wood exudes a sweet-smelling resin when pierced, giving the tree its common name.
Liquidambar acalycina is cultivated as an attractive ornamental tree for parks and gardens, and is hardy down to −15 °C (5 °F) or less. It requires cultivation in reliably moist, acid to neutral soil in full sun or partial shade. The cultivar 'Burgundy Flush', with leaves opening purple, turning green, then burgundy red in autumn, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Characteristics

Liquidambar acalycina is a deciduous tree that has a brown to black colored bark with a conical/pyramidal shape. It matures quickly to a medium height at about 10m in height, and 6m in width. The leaves have three lobes, making the tree similar to a maple tree. However, they are more star shaped than maple leaves.
The leaves emerge with a burgundy color in spring, but as they grow and mature in summer, they become green, which indicates their increasing ability to photosynthesize. When nearing fall, the leaves return to a red to purple color.
During the months of April to May, monoecious flowers begin to bud with yellow-green colors, but are insignificant for pollination in attracting pollinators. The fruit of this tree is a dark brown color. This tree serves as a shade tree for gardens. Liquidambar acalycina prefers soil that is acidic and clay-based.

## Distribution

This tree is native to East Asia, specifically in Southeast China. Other related species can be found in Southern China.

## Disease and infestation

This tree is generally stable in the specific climates in which it exists. However, some insects can infest the tree, such as webworms, bagworms, caterpillars, leaf miners, and borers. Other issues that some trees experience in this species are canker and bleeding necrosis, which can become extreme. If the plant is growing in alkaline soils, the trees may experience iron chlorosis. Other issues include dark spots on leaves, and wood rot.