OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Land reform in Albania

Albania has gone through three waves of the land reform since the end of World War II:
* In 1946, the land in estates and large farms was expropriated by the communist government and redistributed among small peasants;
* In the 1950s, the land was reorganized into large-scale collective farms;
* After 1991, the land was again redistributed among private smallholders.

## Background

At the end of World War II, the farm structure in Albania was characterized by high concentration of land in large farms. In 1945, farms larger than 10 hectares (25 acres), representing numerically a mere 3% of all farms in the country, managed 27% of agricultural land and just seven large estates (out of 155,000 farms) controlled 4% of agricultural land, averaging more than 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) each, compared to the average farm size of 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) at that time.

## Land-to-the-tiller reform

The first post-war constitution of independent Albania (March 1946) declared that land belonged to the tiller and that large estates under no circumstances could be owned by private individuals (article 10). The post-war land reform of 1946 redistributed 155,000 hectares (40% of the land stock) from 19,355 relatively large farms (typically larger than 5 hectares) to 70,211 small farms and landless households. As a result, the share of large farms with more than 10 hectares declined from 27% of agricultural land in 1945 to 3% in 1954. By 1954, more than 90% of land was held in small and mid-sized farms of between 1 hectare and 10 hectares.

## Collectivization reform

The distributive effects of the post-war land reform were eliminated by the collectivization drive of the late 1950s-early 1960s, and by 1962 less than 18% of agricultural land had remained in family farms and household plots, while the rest had shifted to Soviet-style collective and state farms). By 1971, independent family farms had virtually disappeared and individual farming survived only in household plots cultivated part-time by cooperative members (approximately 6% of agricultural land).

## Privatization reform

The post-communist land reform begun in 1991 as part of the transition to the market was in effect a replay of the 1946 land reform, and the arable land held in cooperatives and state farms was equally distributed among all rural households without regard to pre-communist ownership rights.
Contrary to other transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Albania adopted a distributive land reform (like the CIS) and did not restitute land to former owners. The post-communist land reform of the 1990s was accompanied by special land privatization legislation, as Albania was the only country outside the former Soviet Union that had nationalized all agricultural land (in stages between 1946 and 1976).
# Strawn Historic Sawmill District

The Strawn Historic Sawmill District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on September 13, 1993) located in DeLeon Springs, Florida. The district is at 5710 Lake Winona Road. It contains 3 historic buildings.
# Abdullahi Dikko

Abdullahi Dikko Inde CON, MFR (11 May 1960 – 18 February 2021) was a Nigerian government official who served as the comptroller-general of Nigerian Customs Service from August 2009 to August 2015.

## Life and career

Dikko was born on 11 May 1960, in Musawa town, Musawa local government area of Katsina State, in present-day North Western Nigeria. He is an Alumnus of Government College, Kaduna in 1974 where he obtained the West African Senior School Certificate Examination in 1980.
He went on to obtain a Bachelor of Science degree in economics and a Master of Science degree in finance. From the Dimitrov Apostle Tshenov University, in Svishtov, Bulgaria.
He enlisted in the Nigerian Customs Service in 1988 and went on to have a 27 year old career.
He served in various commands of the Nigeria Customs Service like the Seme Border, the Tincan Island Port, Apapa, Imo, Kaduna, and Badagry Area Commands, before being reposted to Investigation and Inspection Department at the Nigeria Customs Service Headquarters, in Abuja.
He was appointed Controller-General of Nigerian Customs Service on 26 August 2009, by the Government of President Umaru Musa Yaradua.
Dikko Inde went on to attain the Rank of Vice Chairman of the World Customs Organization during the tenure of Kunio Mikuriya, the Secretary General of the WCO.

## Death

After retired in 2015 at the age of 55 Dikko.
On February 18, 2021, he died of an undisclosed illness in Abuja, Nigeria, at the age of 60.
Dikko is celebrated today as the father of modern Nigerian Customs.

## Awards

He was a recipient of numerous awards, including:
* Member of The Federal republic, MFR awarded by the president of Federal Republic of Nigeria.
* Officer of the Federal Republic, OFR awarded by the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
* Best Anti Smuggling Command of the year (2007) awarded by the National Council of Managing Directors of Licensed Customs Agents.
* International Freight Forwards Association Award of the Highest CAC Revenue Collector of the year (2007).
* Badagry Prime Award for Excellence (2007).
* Maritime Watch Outstanding Service Award (2007)
* Bold News Africa International Magazine's African Leadership Icon Merit Award (2008)
* African Leaders of Integrity Merit Award (2008).
* Africa Gold International Communications Award for Great African Patriotic Achievers (GAPAGA) (2008).
* African Age International Leadership Gold Award for Excellence.
* African Choice International News Magazine Award for Meritorious Award for Heroic Service, (2009).
* Transparent Monitoring Action's Award for Transparent Administrator of year (2009).
* Globalink International 2009 African International Role Model Leadership Gold Award for National Development.
* Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Inspirational Leadership and Good Governance Award, (2009).
* Maritime Reporters Association of Nigeria's MARAN Award for the most outstanding Customs Administrator, (2009).
* National Association of Government Approval Freight Forwarder's (NAGAFF) Peace Award (2009).
# Polyak

Polyak is a Hungarian ethnonymic surname literally meaning "Polish person". that may refer to
* Imre Polyák (1932–2010), Hungarian wrestler
* Kornelia Polyak, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and breast cancer scientist
* Kristóf Polyák (born 1995), Hungarian football player
* Stephen Polyak (1889–1995), American neuroanatomist and neurologist
# Nathaniel Werry

Nathaniel William Werry (1847 – 26 May 1907) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Wellington between 1874 and 1884.

## Life and career

Born in the Ottoman Empire and educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Werry moved to New Zealand in young adulthood. According to the New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese, Werry was "one of the biggest hitters ever seen in the Colony". In 1871 his big hitting virtually won the match against Nelson on his own, scoring 15 not out and 22 not out, the two top scores in a match in which 35 wickets fell for 169 runs in one day.
His best innings came when the touring English team played three matches on the way home from Australia in 1888, including a match against a Wellington XXII. In Wellington's second innings Werry went to the wicket with the score at 144 for 17 and Wellington heading for defeat, but, "with the utmost cheerfulness", he struck a quick 53 not out, driving and cutting with such vigour that several fieldsmen had to be moved to the outfield to prevent boundaries. There was insufficient time left after his innings for the English team to make the runs required to win, and the match was drawn. No other Wellington batsman made more than 21.
Werry also captained the Wellington rugby team in the 1870s. He later served as a vice-president of the Wellington Cricket Association, and was also connected with several other sporting organisations in Wellington.
In 1878 he left his position as Record Clerk in the Public Works Department to take up the position of Chief Clerk in the Railway Department. In 1879 he was appointed Under Secretary for Railways. Later he left the public service and became secretary of the Wellington Club.
In January 1887 Werry married Mary Reader, a widow, in Wellington. He returned to England in the late 1890s. In 1907 he was travelling in Kashmir, India, when he died of cholera. He and Mary had a daughter, Daphne, who died in London in 1916 at the age of 27.
# Harry Farnall

Harry Warner Farnall (18 December 1838 – 5 June 1891) was a New Zealand politician, emigration agent and labour reformer. He was a Member of Parliament from Auckland.
He was born in Burley Park, Hampshire, England, on 18 December 1838.
He represented the Northern Division electorate from 1869 to 1870, and then the Rodney electorate from 1871 to 1872, when he resigned.
Farnall contested the 1886 Waitemata by-election and was beaten by Richard Monk. He contested the 1890 election in the City of Auckland electorate. Of seven candidates, he came last.
# Rybaki, Łódź Voivodeship

Rybaki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Debra Schutt

Debra Schutt (born 1955) is an American set decorator and art director. She was nominated at the 81st Academy Awards in the category of Best Art Direction for her work on the film Revolutionary Road. She shared her nomination with art director Kristi Zea.

## Selected filmography

* Navy SEALs (1990)
* Fried Green Tomatoes (1991)
* A Bronx Tale (1993)
* Last Action Hero (1993)
* Picture Perfect (1997)
* The Horse Whisperer (1998)
* Sleepy Hollow (1999)
* Changing Lanes (2002)
* Spider-Man (2002)
* Elf (2003)
* Rent (2005)
* Revolutionary Road (2008)
* The Dictator (2012)
* Noah (2014)
* Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014)
# Pavich

Pavich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emil Pavich (1931–2005), American politician
* Frank Pavich, Croatian-American film director and producer
# Rychłowice

Rychłowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieluń, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Wieluń and 91 km (57 mi) southwest of the regional capital Łódź.

## History

In 1827, the village had a population of 107.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1940, the German gendarmerie carried out expulsions of Poles, who were placed in a transit camp in Łódź, and then young Poles were deported to forced labour in Germany and German-occupied France, and others were deported to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland. Houses and farms of expelled Poles were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.
# Giant Forest Lodge Historic District

The Giant Forest Lodge Historic District in Sequoia National Park includes the remnants of what was once an extensive National Park Service Rustic style tourist development for park visitors. Also known as Camp Sierra, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in May 1978. Originally situated in the Giant Forest grove of giant sequoias, the district is notable for its nearly total demolition by the National Park Service to eliminate the impact of development on the Big Trees.

## Development

The first development in the Giant Forest took place in 1899, when a tent camp was set up in the grove. A road reached the site in 1903, and more permanent development followed. The first lodge was built in 1915. In 1921 the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks Company erected the primary lodging area next to Round Meadow, the first area to be called "Giant Forest Lodge". The same year, Camp Kaweah was established to provide additional capacity. By 1926, a study commissioned by the Park Service indicated that the development was adversely affecting the trees. The following year the park superintendent, Colonel John White, first proposed the removal of the development. However, the concessioner was able to intervene with the director of the Park Service, and White was overruled. He was, however, able to impose limits on guest accommodations, the first such limits in the National Park system. In 1962 and 1965 two reports indicated that the hydrology of the area had been affected by development, and that the fire suppression made necessary by the proximity of buildings had created an unfavorable environment for new sequoia growth. Additionally, the influential Leopold Report on national park development, written by nature conservationist A. Starker Leopold, specifically criticized the Giant Forest development. By 1971 the park's master plan called for the reduction of human impact in the Giant Forest. By 1980 a consensus had developed for the relocation of the recreational facilities.

## Removal

By the 1990s the Park Service had resolved to remove the development, and demolition began in 1997. It was completed in 2000 for the Giant Forest Lodge area with the removal of all buildings, roads, and infrastructure. New development was centered around the Gilbert Stanley Underwood Giant Forest Village Market building at nearby Camp Kaweah, which became the Giant Forest Museum in 2001. The facility is connected to the Giant Forest by shuttle bus.
The visitor accommodations were replaced by Wuksachi Village, located about five miles to the north and well away from the sequoia grove.
The demolition of the Giant Forest infrastructure is noteworthy as the most visible clash between the Park Service's role as a guardian of natural resources and its role as custodian of the National Register of Historic Places, when it had to determine which interest was more crucial.
# Yokau

Yokau village also written as Yokao and Yakhao is located in Panso circle of Noklak district in Nagaland, India. It is situated 13 km away from sub-district headquarter Panso and 56 km away from Tuensang. The language most widely spoken is Patsho Khiamniungan, that of the Patsho people there.

## Population

1083 People are living in this Village according to 2011 census, out of these 548 are males and 535 are females. Population of Yokao is 2023 was 1,321 and 1,213 inhabitants in 2022.

## Literacy

Literate people are 401 out of 227 are male and 174 are female.

## Agriculture

Paddy, Maize and Beans are agriculture commodities grown in this village. Traditional Shawls, Bamboo Baskets and Wood Craft are some of the HandiCraft items produced in this village.
# A Collection of Rarities and Previously Unreleased Material

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 76/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| NME | |
| Beats Per Minute | (84%) |
| Pitchfork | 8.4/10 |
| Drowned in Sound | 7/10 |
A Collection of Rarities and Previously Unreleased Material is the first compilation album by American lo-fi musician John Maus, released on July 12, 2012. Spanning recordings from 1999 to 2010, the collection selects outtakes from his previous three albums in addition to tracks which had appeared on other compilations.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by John Maus. Next to the track titles are the years of recording that are labelled on the album credits
Note
* "Big Dumb Man" and "The Law" feature uncredited writing contributions from Ariel Pink.
# Simon Johansson

Simon Johansson (born 14 June 1999) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman whocurrently plays for Ilves in the Finnish Liiga. He most recently played for the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Minnesota Wild in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the fifth round, 148th overall, by the Wild in the 2018 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

Johansson made his SHL debut playing for Djurgårdens IF during the 2017–18 season, playing eight games and scoring one goal. Following four professional seasons within Djurgårdens IF, Johansson left Swedish and signed with Finnish Liiga side Ilves for the 2021–22 Liiga season.
Johansson enjoyed a breakout season with Ilves, recording 32 points in 58 games from the blueline resulting in becoming the youngest defensemen in Ilves history to score 32 points in a season.
On 28 April 2022, Johansson was signed by his NHL draft club, the Minnesota Wild, agreeing to a two-year, entry-level contract to begin in the 2022–23 season.
On September 17, 2024, Johansson signed a two-year contract to return to play for Ilves in the Finnish Liiga.

## Personal life

Johansson in the son of manager and retired ice hockey player Thomas Johansson and brother of professional ice hockey player Anton Johansson.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2016–17 | Djurgårdens IF | J20 | 41 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017–18 | Djurgårdens IF | J20 | 43 | 16 | 20 | 36 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2017–18 | Djurgårdens IF | SHL | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | Almtuna IS | Allsv | 43 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019–20 | Djurgårdens IF | J20 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019–20 | Djurgårdens IF | SHL | 34 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | Djurgårdens IF | SHL | 37 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020–21 | Mora IK | Allsv | 14 | 1 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 2021–22 | Ilves | Liiga | 58 | 8 | 24 | 32 | 20 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
| 2022–23 | Iowa Wild | AHL | 64 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2023–24 | Iowa Wild | AHL | 72 | 9 | 12 | 21 | 54 | — | — | — | — | — |
| SHL totals | SHL totals | SHL totals | 79 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Liiga totals | Liiga totals | Liiga totals | 58 | 8 | 24 | 32 | 20 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
# Razie Rahim

Muhammad Razie Abdul Rahim (born 25 August 1987) is a Malaysian field hockey player who plays as a defender. He is known as the penalty corner specialist. He also top scorer in Malaysia, no 16 in asia continent and no 42 in the world for national level.

## Personal life

He holds a master's in human resource management at University Putra Malaysia. In 2016, he reported as one of the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) trainers.

## Career

Razie made his debut in the Malaysia Hockey League in 2006 for Ernst and Young (Kuala Lumpur Hockey Club). He emerged as the league top scorer in 2011 season. In the 2019 Malaysia Hockey League, he played for UniKL.
Razie made his senior international debut in the 2006 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup.
# Abdullahi Bappah Ahmed

Abdullahi Bappah Ahmed is a Nigerian politician and a lecturer in the Physics Department at the Faculty of Science, Gombe State University.

## Early life

Abdullahi Bappah Ahmed was born in 1983 in Shamaki Ward, Gombe Local Government Area. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from the University of Abuja and completed his Master's and Ph.D. in Mathematical Physics at the Peoples Friendship University of Russia in 2017. He is a member of the Institute of Physics (IOP) in the UK, a reviewer for the MiPh journal in Moscow, and leads the Condensed Matter Group at the Peoples Friendship University of Russia. He was awarded with a sum of $3 million grant by BESDA to enhance educational opportunities for out-of-school children in Gombe State.

## Political career

Abdullahi Bappah Ahmed was appointed as the Coordinator of the Better Education Service Delivery for All (BESDA) program for Gombe State by Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya, as announced by the Governor's Senior Special Assistant for Media and Publicity, Mr. Ismaila Uba Misilli. He also serves as the State Commissioner for Technology in Gombe State.
# Rylsk Duży

Rylsk Duży is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Regnów, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Regnów, 14 km (9 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# 2006 Ontario Scott Tournament of Hearts

The 2006 Ontario Scott Tournament of Hearts was held January 30-February 4 at the Fort Frances Curling Club in Fort Frances, Ontario. Krista Scharf's rink from Thunder Bay, Ontario won her first provincial title.

## Teams

| Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Curling Club |
| Natalie Beauchamp | Melanie Patry | Nicole Dubuc | Arynn Bailey | Coniston Curling Club, Coniston |
| Marilyn Bodogh | Michelle Gray | Kelly MacIntosh | Danielle Garner | St. Catharines Curling Club, St. Catharines |
| Kathy Brown | Janet Langevin | Christine Loube | Heather Carr Olmstead | Sutton Curling Club, Sutton West |
| Chrissy Cadorin | Leigh Armstrong | Stephanie Leachman | Breanne Merklinger | Guelph Curling Club, Guelph |
| Marlo Dahl | Wendy Landry | Karen Furioso | Cathy Ross | Fort William Curling Club, Thunder Bay |
| Jenn Hanna | Joelle Sabourin | Dawn Askin | Stephanie Hanna | Ottawa Curling Club, Ottawa |
| Janet McGhee | Julie Reddick | Lee Merklinger | Lori Eddy | Uxbridge and District Curling Club, Uxbridge |
| Jo-Ann Rizzo | Cheryl McPherson | Kimberly Tuck | Sarah Jane Gatchell | Brant Curling Club, Brantford |
| Krista Scharf | Tara George | Tiffany Stubbings | Lorraine Lang | Fort William Curling Club, Thunder Bay |
| Nancy Wickam | Meri Bolander | Janice Vettoretti | Christine McGarry | Sudbury Curling Club, Sudbury, Ontario |

## Standings

| Skip | W | L |
| Krista Scharf (Fort William) | 7 | 2 |
| Janet McGhee(Uxbridge) | 7 | 2 |
| Marilyn Bodogh (St. Catharines) | 6 | 3 |
| Jenn Hanna (Ottawa) | 6 | 3 |
| Jo-Ann Rizzo (Brant) | 5 | 4 |
| Chrissy Cadorin (Guelph) | 5 | 4 |
| Kathy Brown (Sutton) | 4 | 5 |
| Nancy Wickham (Surbury) | 3 | 6 |
| Natalie Beauchamp (Coniston) | 2 | 7 |
| Marlo Dahl (Fort William) | 0 | 9 |
| Page playoff system | Page playoff system | Page playoff system | Semifinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Krista Scharf | 5 | | | | 1 | Krista Scharf | 7 |
| 2 | Janet McGhee | 4 | | | | 2 | Janet McGhee | 6 |
| | | | 2 | Janet McGhee | 8 | | | |
| | | | 3 | Marilyn Bodogh | 5 | | | |
| 3 | Marilyn Bodogh | 9 | | | | | | |
| 4 | Jenn Hanna | 8 | | | | | | |
# Gilbertsville Historic District

Gilbertsville Historic District is a national historic district in Gilbertsville, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Its boundaries were increased to approximately the incorporated village borders in 1982.
# African Adaptation Solutions Challenge

The African Youth Adaptation Solutions Challenge (YouthADAPT Challenge) is an annual competition and award. It was launched on 6th September 2021 that focuses on youth-led enterprises in Africa working on climate adaptation solutions. It is a collaborative effort between the Global Center on Adaptation, European Union and the Climate Investment Funds under the Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program's YouthADAPT flagship pillar.
The challenge aims to support and highlight innovative ideas and projects developed by young entrepreneurs who addressing climate change challenges and contributing to building resilience in African communities.
In 2021, Akinwumi Adesina, President, African Development Bank presented the awards and it was moderated by Alan Kasujja.
# Loblolly Bakery

Loblolly Bakery is a bakery in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States.

## Reception

In 2024, the business was included in The New York Times's list of the 22 best bakeries in the nation.