OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lothar Vogt

Lothar Vogt (born 17 January 1952) is a German chess FIDE Grandmaster (GM) (1976), two-time East Germany Chess Championship winner (1977, 1979), European Team Chess Championship team bronze medal winner (1970).

## Biography

In 1968, Lothar Vogt won the East Germany Youth Chess Championship. In the 1970s and 1980s, he was one of the leaders in East Germany chess, winning two gold medals (Suhl in 1977 and Frankfurt in 1979) in East Germany Chess Championships.
He has appeared in many international chess tournaments, with successes including in Warsaw (1969, 1st place), Zinnowitz (1970, shared 1st-2nd place), Starý Smokovec (1972, shared 1st-2nd place and 1979, shared 1st-2nd place), Leipzig (1974, shared 1st-2nd place), Kecskemét (1977, 1st place), Nałęczów (1979, shared 1st-3rd place), Polanica-Zdrój (1982, shared 1st-2nd place in Rubinstein Memorial) and in Valby, (1991, shared 1st-4th place). In 2002, Lothar Vogt won the Open tournament in Leukerbad, while in 2006, he ranked 1st before Andrei Sokolov in Lenk.
Lothar Vogt played for East Germany in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1972, at the second reserve board in the 20th Chess Olympiad in Skopje (+8, =7, -2),
* In 1988, at fourth board in the 28th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+6, =5, -1).
Lothar Vogt played for East Germany in the European Team Chess Championship:
* In 1970, at the tenth board in the 4th European Team Chess Championship in Kapfenberg (+0, =1, -2) and won the team bronze medal.
In 1973, he was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title and received the FIDE Grandmaster (GM) title three years later.
# Chelsea, Victoria

Chelsea is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 30 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Kingston local government area. Chelsea recorded a population of 8,347 at the 2021 census.
Chelsea is located on Port Phillip and is the most important bayside suburban centre between Mordialloc and Frankston. Chelsea is very popular with beachgoers during summer. Also popular is Bicentennial Park, located about 1 km inland on the site of a former rubbish tip. It has recently been redeveloped with modern barbecue and play equipment, most notably the Mount Chelsea adventure playground.
The Frankston railway line first cut through the Chelsea area in 1882 and Chelsea station was opened during 1907, as was the Chelsea Post Office. These facilities served a modest slowly growing population before most of the Chelsea area was developed post-World War II. Many houses were demolished to make way for single storey units in the 1960s and 1970s. Chelsea has smaller households, fewer families with children and more elderly people than most other Melbourne suburbs.
The Chelsea Magistrates' Court closed on 1 February 1985.
Chelsea has its own railway station on the Frankston line.
Chelsea is also home to many church, community and sporting organisations. The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Mornington Peninsula Nepean Football League. AFL legend Leigh Matthews played his junior football at the Chelsea Football Club.
Golfers play at the Australasian Golf Club's Chelsea Public Golf Course on Fraser Avenue in neighbouring Edithvale.
Chelsea Yacht Club provides competitive sailing and was formed in 1938.
* Nepean Highway shops, Chelsea
* Chelsea Hotel
* Chelsea City Hall
* Catholic Church at Chelsea
* Chelsea beach
# Carlo Tagnin

Carlo Tagnin (18 November 1932 – 13 March 2000) was an Italian footballer and manager, who played as a midfielder, most notably for the famous Inter side of the 1960s, which achieved much success, both domestically and internationally. As a defensive midfielder, he was known in particular for his stamina, work-rate, and man-marking ability, which allowed him to support his more offensive teammates defensively.

## Playing career

After growing up in Torino's youth sector, Tagnin was later promoted to the club's senior side, but began his professional career during the 1952–53 season, on loan to his hometown club Alessandria, in Serie C. He returned to Torino the following season, and remained with the club until 1954, making his Serie A debut with the club in a 1–1 away draw against Sampdoria, on 13 September 1953. He later also played for Monza in Serie B (1954–57), briefly returning to Alessandria for the 1957–58 Serie A season. Tagnin subsequently played for Lazio (1958–59), where he won the Coppa Italia in 1958, and Bari (1959–61), but was subsequently banned for 2+1⁄2 seasons after being accused of being involved in a gambling scandal. His sentence was later reduced by a year, and in 1962, he joined Internazionale, where he had his most notable spell, remaining with the club until 1965, after struggling to gain playing time ahead of the younger defensive midfielder Gianfranco Bedin during his final season with the team. Tagnin ended his career after the 1965–66 season, returning to Alessandria once again, in Serie B.
While at Inter, Tagnin was part of the starting eleven of Helenio Herrera's Grande Inter side which won the UEFA Champions League final in 1964, during which he demonstrated his excellent man-marking abilities against Real Madrid's star player Alfredo Di Stefano. With Inter he also won two Serie A titles, in 1963 and 1965, as well as a second European Cup in 1965, and the 1964 Intercontinental Cup, making 56 appearances (36 in Serie A), and scoring 1 goal, which came in Serie A.

## Managerial career

Tagnin later worked as a coach, beginning his managerial career with Albese (1972–73), and later coaching Savona (1973–74), the Inter Youth Side (1975–83), and the Alessandria Youth Side (1983–85), before leading the senior side for the 1985–86 Serie C2 season.

## Death

Tagnin died of osteosarcoma on 13 March 2000, in his hometown of Alessandria, at the age of 67. In a 2004 interview with l'espresso, his former Inter teammate Ferruccio Mazzola suggested that his death was associated with health-damaging performance-enhancing drugs that were allegedly given to the players of the Grande Inter side under manager Helenio Herrera.

## Honours
### Player

Lazio
* Coppa Italia: 1958
Inter
* Serie A: 1962–63, 1964–65
* European Cup: 1963–64, 1964–65
* Intercontinental Cup: 1964
# Bob Bostad

Bob Bostad (born September 7, 1966) is the run game coordinator and offensive line coach for Indiana University.

## Education

Bostad graduated from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point in 1989 with a degree in Physical Education. In 1994, he received his master's degree in Kinesiology from the University of Minnesota.

## Coaching career

Bostad's first coaching job was as Offensive Line Coach at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point from 1990 to 1991. From there he served in the same position at California State University, Northridge before becoming a graduate assistant at the University of Minnesota. He served as Offensive Line Coach and offensive coordinator of the San Jose State Spartans and offensive line Coach of the New Mexico Lobos from 1999 to 2005. Bostad served as the Tight Ends Coach, Offensive Line Coach, and Running Game Coordinator for the Wisconsin Badgers from 2006–2011. Bostad briefly served as the offensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh before taking the position of offensive line coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in February 2012. He then spent two seasons coaching with Tampa Bay and two seasons coaching with the Tennessee Titans. He most recently was tight ends and fullbacks coach at Northern Illinois in 2016, before taking the job as inside linebackers coach with the Badgers in February 2017.
In December of 2022, Bostad accepting the offensive line coach job at Indiana.

## Personal life

Bostad is a native of Pardeeville, Wisconsin. He has three daughters: Rachel, Bryn and Annika, and a son, John.
# Mount Grace State Forest

Mount Grace State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features located in the town of Warwick. The state forest centers around Mount Grace, which at 1,621 feet (494 m) is the third highest point in Massachusetts east of the Connecticut River after Mount Wachusett and Mount Watatic. It is bordered by portions of Warwick State Forest to the east and west and is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

## History

Mount Grace is said to be named after the baby daughter of Mary Rowlandson, a woman captured by Wompanoag warriors during King Philip's War, who according to legend buried her deceased infant at the foot of the mountain during the march to Canada.
By the turn of the 20th century, the mountain had been largely deforested, and conservationists, including former Warwick resident Dr. Paul W. Goldsbury, promoted the idea of having the state purchase it to create a state forest. Picnic and skiing facilities were built beginning in 1930, after legislation for the purchase passed in 1920. Crews with the Civilian Conservation Corps contributed summer and winter recreational features that included a 4.7 miles (7.6 km) snowshoeing trail.
The summit's 68-foot (21 m) fire lookout tower was built in 1939. It is accessible to the public and offers impressive views of the surrounding areas. It is the third tower to have been constructed on Mount Grace.
The remains of a ski lift can be found near the trail head and parking lot for the New England National Scenic Trail (and intersection with the Round the Mountain trail) close to MA-78.

## Activities and amenities

Forest trails used for hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, and cross-country skiing include a portion of the long-distance Metacomet-Monadnock Trail (the Massachusetts section of the New England National Scenic Trail ). The forest also offers picnicking and restricted hunting.
# Genevieve Lloyd

Genevieve Mary Lloyd FAHA (born 16 October 1941 at Cootamundra, New South Wales), is an Australian philosopher and feminist.

## Biography

Lloyd studied philosophy at the University of Sydney in the early 1960s and then at Somerville College, Oxford. Her D.Phil, awarded in 1973, was on "Time and Tense". From 1967 until 1987 she lectured at the Australian National University, during which period she developed her most influential ideas and wrote The Man of Reason, which was published in 1984. In 1987 she was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the University of New South Wales, being the first female professor of philosophy appointed in Australia. She was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1995. On retirement, she was appointed Professor Emerita.

## Philosophical work

Lloyd's 1979 paper The Man of Reason explores the influence of seventeenth century rationalist philosophy on contemporary views of gender and reason. It argues that Cartesian method encouraged a new polarisation between reason, on the one side, and emotion and imagination on the other. The Man of Reason was further elevated to an ethical (not merely epistemic) ideal in Spinoza's Ethics. Even though Descartes and Spinoza's rationalism is less popular today, Lloyd argues that we continue to live with the ideal of the Man of Reason their work gave rise to. She went on to develop these ideas further in her 1984 book of the same name.
# Nand Chaturvedi

Nand Chaturvedi (1923–2014) was a socialist, a well-known Hindi poet and a littérateur.

## Education and works

Born in a Brahmin family, Nand Chaturvedi had a Master of Arts degree in Hindi from Rajasthan University. He was editor of the quarterly journal Bindu from 1966 to 1972.
Apart from teaching, he used to write poems. A few of his popular works are:
* Yeh Samai Mamuli Nahin, "these are not ordinary times", in 1983.
* Shabd Sansar ki Yayavari, collection of essays, in 1985. * Imandar Dunya Ke Liye, "for honest world", in 1994. * Woh Soye To Nahin Honge, in 1997.
* Utsav Ka Nirmam Samai, "crucial times of this festival".

## Awards

* He was a recipient of Bihari Puraskar of KK Birla Foundation in 1996 for Yeh Samai mamuli nahin.
* Prasar Bharati honoured him with the Prasaran Sanmaan in 1998.
* He was a recipient of Equality Writer Award by Astha Sansthan in January 2007.
* He was chosen for year 2008's Sahitya Vachaspati, the top literary honour of the Prayag Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. It was conferred to him at Jaipur in March 2008.
* He was honoured with Mira Puraskar, the highest literary honour of the Rajasthan Government.
* He was also conferred with Lok Mangal Puraskar of Mumbai.

## Personal life

He died on 25 December 2014; he was survived by four sons and two daughters.
# Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences

The Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences were research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai established on July 3, 1999. The organization was shut down in April 2020. When it was created, it was one of four basic science research institutions of China. The organization assimilated the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Brain Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Shanghai Bioengineering Research Center, Shanghai Research Center of Life Science, and the State Research Center of Genes. Its last director was biochemist Li Lin, who assumed the role in 2013.

## Footnotes

* ↑ translated by Xinhua as Shanghai Life Science Research Center and Shanghai Academy of Life Sciences; the other institutes were Beijing Mathematics Research Center, Beijing Materials Science Research Center, and the State Astronomical Research Center
# Wilfred Fairclough

Wilfred Fairclough (1907 – 1996) was an English artist, engraver and printmaker.

## Early life and education

Fairclough was born in Blackburn in 1907 and was educated at All Saints. In 1931 he secured a place at the Royal College of Art where he studied under Malcolm Osborne and Bob Austin, mastering his craft as a printmaker. He was elected an associate of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers in January 1934, winning the (British) Prix de Rome Scholarship in Engraving. He was thus able to travel despite the Depression, working in Rome and subsequently in Spain on the eve of the civil war. In the summer of 1936 he married fellow artist, Joan Vernon Cryer. Their son, Michael was born in Blackburn in 1940. Daughter, Celia, was born at the end of the war.

## Career

Fairclough started work at Kingston College of Art in 1938. Fairclough's work was exhibited in Poland, Finland and Sweden in 1939. He was called up for war service, joining the RAF. Fairclough was one of the ninety-seven artists that contributed to the Pilgrim Trust funded Recording Britain initiative. His contributions concentrated on buildings in locations near the Thames including Windsor, Henley, Ham and Petersham. In 1942 at RAF Medmenham he worked on models used for the Dambusters' raid on the Möhne Dam. He also served in India for a brief period at the end of the war.
After the war he returned to work at Kingston. Between 1947 and 1950 his work was exhibited in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji. In 1961 he secured a grant from the Leverhulme Foundation and undertook a study tour in Italy, returning to Venice for three weeks and producing numerous sketches that formed the basis for much of his later work. Back at Kingston, he became Principal of the College of Art in 1962, progressing to Assistant Director of the Kingston Polytechnic and was Head of the Division of Design from 1970 until retirement in 1972.
Although teaching and administration took much of his time, he continued to etch throughout his career, producing on average one plate per year. He also painted watercolours, self-taught and inspired by J. M. W. Turner. After retiring from Kingston he produced about four plates per year, producing sixty nine etchings between 1972 and 1994, almost doubling his pre-retirement output.
In 1990 he released a book of his etchings, The Etchings of Wilfred Fairclough, in conjunction with Ian Lowe.
Wilfred Fairclough died at Kingston upon Thames on 8 January 1996.
# Mount Washington State Forest

Mount Washington State Forest is a 4,619-acre (1,869 ha) state forest in Mount Washington, Massachusetts. The forest conjoins with New York state and the state of Connecticut in the southern Taconic Mountains of the southwestern Berkshire region of Massachusetts. In addition to offering recreational and scenic opportunities, the forest lies adjacent to Bash Bish Falls State Park. It is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

## History

The forest was acquired by the state through gifts of Alfred F. Intemann (1897–1986) and his wife Cornelia Van der Smissen Intemann (who died in 1963) conveyed in 1958, 1959, 1961, and 1968.

## Features

The forest protects 300 acres (120 ha) of old growth northern hardwood forest in separate areas. The tri-state boundary stone on the Mount Frissell Trail marks Massachusett's southwest and Connecticut's northwest corners. The names of Massachusetts and New York are engraved in the stone, while Connecticut is "graffitied" on the granite.
* The Mount Frissell Trail passing the Connecticut–Massachusetts–New York tri-state monument
* Other side of the monument with a blank face for Connecticut

## Activities and amenities

The forest has 30 miles of trails including portions of the Appalachian Trail and the South Taconic Trail, which ascends Alander Mountain. Trails are used for hiking, horseback riding, mountain biking, and cross-country skiing. The forest also offers restrooms, picnicking, fishing, restricted hunting, and primitive wilderness camping.
# Nipmuck State Forest

Nipmuck State Forest is a Connecticut state forest. Its 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) surround Bigelow Hollow State Park in the town of Union and include parcels in Stafford, Ashford, and other towns. The forest is part of a larger network of forest lands making up some 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) in all.

## Recreation opportunities

Hiking is available on more than 30 miles (48 km) of trails. One of the most popular routes is up to and around Breakneck Pond. Other trails are available in other parcels of the forest. Snowmobiling trails are offered in winter. Fishing is popular both in summer and winter (ice fishing). The streams, ponds and lakes feature stocked as well as native trout, small and large mouth bass, and pickerel. Camping is allowed in the back country of the forest.

## Mountain Laurel Sanctuary

In the western portion of the forest, a Mountain Laurel Sanctuary is located on Snow Hill. Mountain laurel thrives here and reaches heights of 15 to 20 feet which is rare for mountain laurel.
# Otter River State Forest

Otter River State Forest is a publicly owned forest and recreational preserve located in the towns of Templeton, Winchendon, and Royalston in Massachusetts managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. The state forest encompasses the land surrounding the junction of the Otter and Millers rivers. Habitats include freshwater marsh, northern hardwood stands, and pine groves planted by the Civilian Conservation Corps to reforest former farmlands.

## History

The forest was the first property acquired by the State Forest Commission in 1915; it was formally established in 1917. A 100-year birthday celebration was held on the forest grounds in August 2015.
The Civilian Conservation Corps was active in the forest during the 1930s. The Corps' handiwork can be seen in the dam at the northern end of Beaman Pond and the visitor contact station on the east side of the pond. The pond's Corps-built stone bathhouse no longer exists.

## Activities and amenities

* Day-use area: The developed portion of the forest is accessed from Winchendon Road (Rt 202) on the north side of the village of Baldwinville. Facilities centered on Beaman Pond include a swimming beach, ballfield, picnicking areas, and pavilion. Handicapped-accessible facilities include restrooms and showers.
* Trails: The extensive trail system is used for walking, hiking, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and dog-sledding.
* Camping: There are 85 seasonal campsites, including yurts.
* The forest also offers fishing, restricted hunting, and interpretive programs.
* The camping club that formed at Otter River State Forest as the New England Campers Association in 1957 and known today as the North American Family Campers Association maintains a brick garden to remember members and chapters. A garden bench is dedicated to former NAFCA President, Roger Swallow (1941-2007).
# Pachaug State Forest

Pachaug State Forest is the largest forest in the Connecticut state forest system, encompassing over 27,000 acres (110 km²) of land. It is located on the Rhode Island border in New London County, and parcels of the forest lie in the towns of Voluntown, Griswold, Plainfield, Sterling, North Stonington, and Preston. The forest was founded in 1928, but most of the land came from purchases made later during the Great Depression. It is named after the Pachaug River, which runs through the center of the forest. The forest is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion.

## Features
### Great Meadow

The Pachaug-Great Meadow Swamp portion of the park was declared a National Natural Landmark in May 1973 due to its Atlantic white cedar swamp. This type of forest is at risk of being succeeded by hemlock.

### Hiking trails

There are four popular hiking trails, maintained by the Connecticut Forest and Park Association, that run through Pachaug State Forest.
* The Pachaug Trail runs about 30 miles (48 km) in an east-west route that follows a horse-shoe curve north. It begins at the northern end of Pachaug Pond and ends at Green Fall Pond.
* The Nehantic Trail is a route just under 15 miles (24 km) that begins at Green Fall Pond near the Pachaug Trail trailhead and runs northwest to RT 201 near the Pachaug River.
* The Quinebaug Trail runs North-South for about 7 miles (11 km) from the junction of Breakneck Hill Road and the Nehantic-Quinebaug Trail Crossover to its northern terminus at Spaulding Road.
* The Narragansett Trail runs from the southwest to the northeast, starting from Lantern Hill in North Stonington. The Narragansett Trail leaves the State Forest at the Connecticut/Rhode Island boundary; it enters Yawgoog Scout Reservation in Rhode Island and later ends at Ashville Pond in the village of Canonchet in Hopkinton, Rhode Island.
The handicap (wheelchair) accessible Rhododendron Sanctuary Trail (which includes a planked wooden boardwalk section) in the Pachaug State Forest's Herman Haupt Chapman Management Area is spectacularly scenic when the Rhododendron are in bloom (June and July).
There are several dirt and gravel road trails that cross Pachaug State Forest; Trail 1, Trail 2, the Main Drive, and Stonehill Road. In combination with dozens of unmarked side trails, this makes for easy mountain biking terrain that has become popular among locals.
Some trails and roads are marked as multi-use. One such is the Enduro off-road motorcycle trail which winds through Pachaug State Forest. On non–multi-use hiking trails in the forest, however, there is clearly both unauthorized vehicular and unauthorized equestrian use.

### Motorcycling

The 58-mile Enduro trail in Pachaug State Forest is marked (on turns and intersections on trees) with white labels containing a red arrow pointing in the trail's direction. The route follows a mix of forest trails and public roads (therefore requiring both a valid current motorcycle registration and motorcycle driver's license rather than ATV registration).
# Paugnut State Forest

Paugnut State Forest is a Connecticut state forest located on four parcels in the towns of Torrington and Winchester. The forest's Arts and Crafts–style administration building was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1937 and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The remains of the foundation of the condensed milk factory established by Gail Borden on Burr Pond in 1857 may also be seen. Trails crossing the forest include the John Muir Trail which connects Burr Pond State Park and Sunnybrook State Park.