OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Massachusetts Miracle

The Massachusetts Miracle was a period of economic growth in Massachusetts during most of the 1980s. Before then, the state had been hit hard by deindustrialization and resulting unemployment. During the Miracle, the unemployment rate fell from more than 12% in 1975 to less than 3%, which was accompanied by tax reductions and a drastic increase in personal income.

## Background

Massachusetts's industrial economy began to decline during the early 20th century, with the departure of several manufacturing companies. By the 1920s, competition from the South and Midwest, followed by the Great Depression, led to the collapse of the three main industries in Massachusetts: textiles, shoemaking, and precision mechanics. This industrial decline would continue throughout the century; between 1950 and 1979, the number of Massachusetts residents involved in textile manufacturing declined from 264,000 to 63,000. The 1969 closure of the Springfield Armory spurred an exodus of high-paying jobs from western Massachusetts.

## Initial growth

The growth was heavily centered in financial services and the high-tech industry (often driven by technology out of Harvard University and MIT), and within Boston and in its suburbs along Route 128. The expansion of the high tech industry along Route 128 has led to the name of the road being used as a nickname for the regional tech economy, much like Silicon Valley.
Notable companies associated with the Miracle include Digital Equipment Corporation, Data General, Wang Laboratories, Prime Computer, Lotus Development Corporation, and Apollo Computer.
Michael Dukakis was Governor of Massachusetts during most of this time and attempted to take credit for the "Miracle" during his campaign for United States President in 1988.

## Early 1990s recession

In the early 1990s, Massachusetts, like most of the Northeast, was much more severely affected by the early 1990s recession than the country as a whole, with the unemployment rate nearly reaching 9% by the summer of 1992. However, Massachusetts recovered from the recession faster than the rest of the Northeast, helped by the nationwide tech boom of the 1990s, and by the end of the decade the unemployment rate once again fell below 3%.
# Echizen-Kaihotsu Station

Echizen-Kaihotsu Station (越前開発駅, Echizen-kaihotsu-eki) is an Echizen Railway Katsuyama Eiheiji Line railway station located in the city of Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

Echizen-Kaihotsu Station is served by the Katsuyama Eiheiji Line, and is located 2.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Fukui.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform connected to the station building by a level crossing, serving a single bi-directional track. The station is staffed only during the peak period of 7:00-10:00 and 16:00-20:00.

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Katsuyama Eiheiji Line |||||
| Express: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Fukuiguchi | Local | Echizen-Shinbo |

## History

The station was opened on August 20, 1932. Operations were halted from June 25, 2001. The station reopened on July 20, 2003 as an Echizen Railway station. One of the tracks at the station was removed on September 27, 2015.

## Surrounding area

* The station is surrounded by apartment buildings, houses, and shops.
* Other points of interest include:
** National Route 8 - Fukui Bypass
** Fukui City Keimō Elementary School
** Fukui Labor Standards Office
** JOYFUL FUKUI Spa
** Natural Hot Spring Gokurakuyū, Fukui Branch
# Daiyūzan Station

Daiyūzan Station (大雄山駅, Daiyūzan-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Minamiashigara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Izuhakone Railway.

## Lines

Daiyūzan Station is a terminus of the Daiyūzan Line, and is located 9.6 kilometers from the opposing terminus at Odawara Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of one island platform connected to a connected to a one-story station building.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Daiyūzan Line | for Odawara |
| 2 | ■ Daiyūzan Line | for Odawara |

## Adjacent stations

| ← | Service | → |
| Fujifilm-Mae | Daiyūzan Line | Terminus |

## Station history

Daiyūzan Station was opened on October 15, 1925.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 2,458 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
The passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for previous years are as shown below.
| Fiscal year | daily average |
| 2005 | 2,438 |
| 2010 | 2,623 |
| 2015 | 2,611 |

## Bus services

* Izuhakone Bus
** for Doryoson (Saijoji Temple)
* Hakone Tozan Bus
** for Odakyu Shin-Matsuda Station
** for Odakyu Kaisei Station via Wadagahara Station
** for Jizodo via Yagurasawa, for Ashigara Man'yo koen (Ashigara Pass)

## Surrounding area

* Minamiashigara City Hall
* Minamiashigara City Cultural Center
* Minamiashigara Elementary School
# Kita-Yoshida Station

Kita-Yoshida Station (北吉田駅, Kita-Yoshida-eki) is a railway station in the city of Tsubame, Niigata, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Kita-Yoshida Station is served by the Echigo Line, and is 51.7 kilometers from terminus of the line at Kashiwazaki.

## Station layout

The station consists of one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track.
The station is unattended. Suica cards, Niigata City's travel scheme, can be used at this station. Rail tickets can be purchased from automatic ticket machines.

## History

The station opened on 8 April 1984 in Yoshida which is now part of the city of Tsubame. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 116
* Yoshida High School
* Yoshida Middle School
# Mishima-Tamachi Station

Mishima-Tamachi Station (三島田町駅, Mishimatamachi-eki) is a railway station located in the city of Mishima, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan operated by the private railroad company Izuhakone Railway.

## Lines

Mishima-Tamach Station is served by the Sunzu Line, and is located 2.0 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Mishima Station.

## Station layout

The station has an island platform and a side platform serving three tracks, connected by a level crossing. The station building is staffed.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Sunzu Line | For Mishima and Shuzenji |
| 2 | ■ Sunzu Line | For Mishima, Atami, Yokohama, and Tokyo |
| 3 | ■ Sunzu Line | For Mishima |

## History

Mishima-Tamachi Station was opened on May 20, 1898 as Mishima-machi Station (三島町駅, Mishima-machi eki), the terminal station of the initial phase of line construction extending from Nanjō Station (present-day Izu-Nagaoka Station). The line was connected to the former Mishima Station (present day Shimo-Togari Station) on June 15 of the same year. On May 25, 1919 the line was electrified. The northern terminus of the line was moved to present-day Mishima Station in 1934. The station was renamed to its present name on February 1, 1956.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 1368 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Mishima City Hall
* Mishima Taisha
* Sano Art Museum
# Takyō Station

Takyō Station (田京駅, Takyō-eki) is a railway station located in the city of Izunokuni, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan operated by the private railroad company Izuhakone Railway.

## Lines

Takyō Station is served by the Sunzu Line, and is located 14.2 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Mishima Station.

## Station layout

The station has an island platform and a side platform connected to the station building by a level crossing. The station building has both a staffed service counter and automatic ticket machines.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Sunzu Line | For Ōhito and Shuzenji |
| 2 | ■ Sunzu Line | For Izu-Nagaoka, Daiba and Mishima |
| 2 | ■ Sunzu Line | For Izu-Nagaoka, Daiba and Mishima |

## History

Takyō Station was opened on July 17, 1899 as part of the extension of the Sunzu line from Nanjō Station (present-day Izu-Nagaoka) to Ōhito.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 1292 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* former Ohito Town Hall
* Kano River
# Kobanchaya Station

Kobanchaya Station (木場茶屋駅, Kobanchaya-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Satsumasendai, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kagoshima Main Line and is located 354.9 km from the starting point of the line at Mojikō.

### Layout

The station is an above-ground station with one island platform and two tracks. Although it is an unattended station, there is a small station building and the platform is connected to the station by a footbridge.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ ■ Kagoshima Main Line | for Sendai |
| 2 | ■ ■ Kagoshima Main Line | for Kushimoto and Kagoshima-Chūō |

## History

The station was opened by Japanese Government Railways (JGR) on 1 June 1914. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, JR Kyushu took over control of the station.
# SO (Sons of Anarchy)

"SO" is the third season premiere of the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. It was written by Kurt Sutter, the original series creator and directed by Stephen Kay. It originally aired in the United States on September 7, 2010.
This episode marks the last appearance of Taylor Sheridan (Deputy Chief David Hale), and the first for Paula Malcomson (Maureen Ashby) and James Cosmo (Fr. Kellan Ashby).

## Plot

Jax is distraught in the wake of Abel's disappearance. Hale is moving into the office of the chief, a position that he states will soon be official. His brother, Jacob, apologizes for bringing Zobelle to Charming, and states that he never intended things to escalate as far as they did. Jacob also tells Hale that he is continuing with his campaign to be mayor of Charming, and asks for "the support of the chief." Hale agrees to support his brother. As the Sons go out to look for Cameron, he remains neutral. Jax attempts to break up with Tara because he believes he is ruining her life, but she remains loyal to him and refuses to leave. SAMCRO buries Half-Sack with over 50 full-patch members from California, Washington, Nevada, and Oregon as well as numerous former military colleagues in attendance. A three-piece kutte is draped over his casket during the service, implying that SAMCRO posthumously patched him in. At the wake, Clay tells Jax that he has to be strong to inspire his SAMCRO brothers. Hale keeps vigil over Half-Sack's funeral which is being attended by numerous Sons Of Anarchy members and associates. Jacob meets him there and reiterates his disgust for the gang and the apparent outpouring of support for them. Hale explains that people, including those in Charming, don't like to see SAMCRO vulnerable since it makes everyone uncomfortable. Later into the funeral, an unknown party, later revealed to be the Calaveras MC, commits a drive-by shooting, injuring and killing several attendees. Hale tries to stop them by getting in front of their van and firing at the driver, but is killed when the vehicle runs him over. Jacob and Unser both futilely rush towards his bloodied body as the van speeds off. When a woman's son is shot in the drive-by after the wake, Jax finally loses it and continually bashes the gunman's head into the pavement until his fellow Sons pull him away.

## Production

In an interview, series creator and executive producer, Kurt Sutter, explained that the decision to kill off Hale in the episode was motivated by Sheridan's desire to move on to another project.

## Reception

Some critics felt the third season was dragged down by the previous season's cliffhanger. James Poniewozik of TIME called the season three premiere "breathtaking" and praised Sagal’s performance with Holbrook. He later stated that Abel's disappearance helped return the show to its central problem: Jax's allegiance to the club.
IGN gave So an 8.5/10.0 rating, stating: "'So' was a very good episode with a few bad scenes... [and] has the potential to be a very good season for Sons."
Zach Handler of The AV Club gave So a perfect A rating.
# Varkaus Airport

Varkaus Airport (IATA: VRK, ICAO: EFVR) was an airport in Joroinen, Finland, about 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of Varkaus.

## History

The only scheduled service offered by Flybe Nordic to Helsinki ended in January 2014 leaving the airport without any scheduled flights. According to Finavia Varkaus Airport ceased operations on 31 December 2015. The (former) airport code EFVR is no longer referenced in the Finish AIP. Currently the former terminal is used by non-aviation business.

## Statistics

Annual passenger statistics for Varkaus Airport :
| Year | Domestic passengers | International passengers | Total passengers | Change |
| 2005 | 15,550 | 519 | 16,069 | −24.0% |
| 2006 | 11,947 | 305 | 12,252 | −23.8% |
| 2007 | 2,337 | 30 | 2,367 | −80.7% |
| 2008 | 6,251 | 151 | 6,402 | +170.5% |
| 2009 | 9,116 | 742 | 9,858 | +54.0% |
| 2010 | 7,601 | 456 | 8,057 | −18.3% |
| 2011 | 7,210 | 1,525 | 8,735 | +8.4% |
| 2012 | 5,576 | 1,074 | 6,650 | −23.9% |
| 2013 | 5,022 | 1,737 | 6,759 | +1.6% |
| 2014 | 18 | 2 | 20 | −99.7% |
| 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −100.0% |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% |
# Face the Day

Face the Day may refer to:
* Face the Day (album), an album by 24-7 Spyz
* "Face the Day" (Natália Kelly song)
* "Face the Day" (The Angels song)
# Khwezi Mafu

Khwezi Mafu (born 29 March 1998) is a South African rugby union player for the Pumas in the Currie Cup. His regular position is lock.
Mafu was named in the Pumas side for the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his Currie Cup debut for the Pumas against the Griquas in Round 3 of the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division.
Mafu was accused of violently raping an 18-year-old woman in Port Elizabeth in 2018. These allegations were later withdrawn due to lack of key witness statements.
# Struthio coppensi

Struthio coppensi is an extinct species of ostrich located near Elisabethfeld, Namibia. This ostrich is believed to have lived during the Miocene, about 20 mya, and is the oldest member of the Struthio genus.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Bibi, F., et al. (2006)
* ↑ Mourer-Chauvire, C. et al. (1996).
# Lady Bird (composition)

"Lady Bird" is a sixteen-bar jazz standard by Tadd Dameron. This "celebrated" composition, "one of the most performed in modern jazz", was written around 1939, and released in 1948. Featuring, "a suave, mellow theme," it is the origin of the Tadd Dameron turnaround (in C: CM$^7$ E♭$^7$ A♭M$^7$ D♭$^7$ CM$^7$). Play
An example of Dameron's interest in keys and/or roots related by thirds, the piece is in binary form (AABC) and features, through the use of ii-V turnarounds, movement toward three keys other than the tonic; E♭, A♭, and G. The first three four-measure phrases end with secondary ii-V's, while the last ends instead with the Tadd Dameron turnaround resolving to the tonic.
It has been recorded by Art Blakey, Don Byas, Miles Davis, Stan Getz, Dexter Gordon, Charles Mingus, Gerry Mulligan, Bud Powell, Chet Baker, Mary Lou Williams, Tete Montoliu, Horace Parlan, Andy LaVerne, and Barry Harris, as well as Tommy Flanagan and Hank Jones.
Miles Davis's "Half Nelson" uses, except for measures seven and eight, the same chord progression as "Lady Bird". Davis's "Lazy Susan" is also a contrafact of the Dameron piece.
Stanley Cornfield wrote lyrics to the song. The first line is "We fit together like two birds of a feather."
# Clair Wills

Clair Wills, FBA, HonMRIA, is a British academic specialising in 20th-century British and Irish cultural history and literature. Since 2019, she has been King Edward VII Professor of English Literature at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Murray Edwards College, Cambridge. After studying at the Somerville College, Oxford, she taught at the University of Essex and Queen Mary University of London. She was then Leonard L. Milberg ’53 Chair of Irish Letters at Princeton University from 2015 to 2019, before moving to Cambridge.

## Honours

In 2016, Wills was elected an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy (HonMRIA). In July 2020, she was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.
In 2008, Wills was awarded the Hessell-Tiltman Prize for her book That Neutral Island: A cultural history of Ireland during the Second World War (2007). In 2018, she was shortlisted for the Orwell Prize for her book Lovers and Strangers: An Immigrant History of Post-War Britain (2017).

## Selected works

* Improprieties: politics and sexuality in Northern Irish poetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0198112686.
* Reading Paul Muldoon. Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe. 1998. ISBN 978-1852243470.
* That Neutral Island: A cultural history of Ireland during the Second World War. London: Faber. 2007. ISBN 978-0571221059.
* Dublin 1916: the siege of the GPO. London: Profile Books. 2009. ISBN 978-1846680533.
* The Best Are Leaving: emigration and post-war Irish culture. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-1107048409.
* Lovers and Strangers: an immigrant history of post-war Britain. London: Allen Lane. 2017. ISBN 978-1846147166.
* Missing Persons, Or My Grandmother's Secrets. London: Allen Lane. 2024. ISBN 9780241640951.
# Avoidance coping

In psychology, avoidance coping is a coping mechanism and form of experiential avoidance. It is characterized by a person's efforts, conscious or unconscious, to avoid dealing with a stressor in order to protect oneself from the difficulties the stressor presents. Avoidance coping can lead to substance abuse, social withdrawal, and other forms of escapism. High levels of avoidance behaviors may lead to a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder, though not everyone who displays such behaviors meets the definition of having this disorder. Avoidance coping is also a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder and related to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, avoidance coping is part of the approach-avoidance conflict theory introduced by psychologist Kurt Lewin.
Literature on coping often classifies coping strategies into two broad categories: approach/active coping and avoidance/passive coping. Approach coping includes behaviors that attempt to reduce stress by alleviating the problem directly, and avoidance coping includes behaviors that reduce stress by distancing oneself from the problem. Traditionally, approach coping has been seen as the healthiest and most beneficial way to reduce stress, while avoidance coping has been associated with negative personality traits, potentially harmful activities, and generally poorer outcomes. However, avoidance coping can reduce stress when nothing can be done to address the stressor.

## Measurement

Avoidance coping is measured via a self-reported questionnaire. Initially, the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was used, which is a 62-item questionnaire that assesses experiential avoidance, and thus avoidance coping, by measuring how many avoidant behaviors a person exhibits and how strongly they agree with each statement on a scale of 1–6. Today, the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) is used instead, containing 15 of the original 62 items from the MEAQ. In research, avoidance coping can be objectively quantified using immersive virtual reality.

## Treatment

Cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic therapy are used to help those coping by avoidance to acknowledge, comprehend, and express their emotions. Acceptance and commitment therapy, a behavioral therapy that focuses on breaking down avoidance coping and showing it to be an unhealthy method for dealing with traumatic experiences, is also sometimes used.
Both active-cognitive and active-behavioral coping are used as replacement techniques for avoidance coping. Active-cognitive coping includes changing one's attitude towards a stressful event and looking for any positive impacts. Active-behavioral coping refers taking positive actions after finding out more about the situation.
# Sfera (helmet)

The Sfera (Russian: Сфера, lit. 'Sphere'), officially called STSh-81, are bullet-resistant combat helmets of titanium and steel manufactured with protective GOST rating of 2. They are worn by the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry in the Soviet Union and its successor state Russia. These helmets continue to be used today by the police and special purpose troops.

## History

As early as 1984, the KGB had titanium helmets developed at military research facilities, which were further used and further developed by the FSB and special forces of the military after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

## Design

Unlike most combat helmets, they are not one piece, but consist of three separate plates: two round ones on the sides of the head, and one bow-shaped one that sits on top, stretching from the neck to the forehead. These plates are kept together by a padded cover, with drawstring to adjust the size and fit of the plates. The helmet may also be camouflaged with a helmet cover which appears in such patterns as VSR and Flora.

## Versions
### STSh-81 Сфера

Introduced in the year 1981, the STSh-81 was the first example to be produced by НПП КлАСС (Classcom) and the material of choice was titanium. STSh-81 helmets are no longer in production. The last year of manufacture of the titanium helmet was 1993. It was discontinued for cost reasons.

### SSSh-94 Сфера-С

The SSSh-94 is the successor to the STSh-81 and is currently produced by Classcom. Outwardly similar to its predecessor, the introduction of steel armor allowed for improved quality and protection at the cost of additional weight (The STSh-81 weighs 2.3kg while the SSSh-94 weighs 3.3kg). The steel used in the SSSh-94 is of the same type as that used in the Maska series of helmets.

## Users

* Russia: Some Sferas used by Russian Army.
* Ukraine: Used by Ukrainian military and police forces. Made by TEMP-3000, Scientific and Production Enterprise Company.

### Former users

* Soviet Union: Passed onto successor states.