# 1814–15 United States Senate elections

The 1814–15 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1814 and 1815, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Democratic-Republican Party lost a seat but still retained their overwhelming Senate majority. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a chance of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

Composition after June 1814 special election in New Hampshire.
| DR$_8$ | DR$_7$ | DR$_6$ | DR$_5$ | DR$_4$ | DR$_3$ | DR$_2$ | DR$_1$ |
| DR$_9$ | DR$_{10}$ | DR$_{11}$ | DR$_{12}$ | DR$_{13}$ | DR$_{14}$ | DR$_{15}$ | DR$_{16}$ | DR$_{17}$ | DR$_{18}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | DR$_{19}$ Md. Unknown |
| F$_9$ Mass. (reg) Ran | F$_{10}$ R.I. Ran | DR$_{26}$ Va. Ran | DR$_{25}$ Vt. Retired | DR$_{24}$ Tenn. (reg) Retired | DR$_{23}$ Pa. Ran | DR$_{22}$ Ohio (reg) Retired | DR$_{19}$ Md. Unknown | DR$_{21}$ N.Y. Unknown | DR$_{20}$ N.J. Ran |
| F$_8$ Del. Ran | F$_7$ Conn. Ran | F$_6$ | F$_5$ | F$_4$ | F$_3$ | F$_2$ | F$_1$ |

### Result of the regular elections

| DR$_8$ | DR$_7$ | DR$_6$ | DR$_5$ | DR$_4$ | DR$_3$ | DR$_2$ | DR$_1$ |
| DR$_9$ | DR$_{10}$ | DR$_{11}$ | DR$_{12}$ | DR$_{13}$ | DR$_{14}$ | DR$_{15}$ | DR$_{16}$ | DR$_{17}$ | DR$_{18}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | DR$_{19}$ N.J. Hold |
| F$_9$ Mass. (reg) Re-elected | F$_{10}$ R.I. Re-elected | F$_{11}$ Vt. Gain | V$_1$ Tenn. (reg) DR Loss | V$_2$ Md. DR Loss | DR$_{23}$ Va. Hold | DR$_{22}$ Pa. (reg) Re-elected | DR$_{19}$ N.J. Hold | DR$_{21}$ Ohio (reg) Hold | DR$_{20}$ N.Y. Hold |
| F$_8$ Del. Re-elected | F$_7$ Conn. Re-elected | F$_6$ | F$_5$ | F$_4$ | F$_3$ | F$_2$ | F$_1$ |
| Key | DR$_#$ Democratic-Republican F$_#$ Federalist V$_#$ Vacant |

## Race summaries

Except when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes.

### Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1814 or before March 4, 1815; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Pennsylvania (Class 3) | Michael Leib | Democratic- Republican | 1809 (special) 1808 | Incumbent resigned to become Postmaster of Philadelphia. New senator elected February 24, 1814. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. | ▌Y Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 82 ▌Thomas Sergeant (Democratic-Republican) 23 ▌Horace Binney (Federalist) 8 ▌John Steele (Federalist) 1 ▌Horatio Gates Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1 ▌Isaac Wayne (Federalist) 1 Not voting 10 |
| New Hampshire (Class 2) | Nicholas Gilman | Democratic- Republican | 1804 1810 | Incumbent died May 4, 1814. New senator elected June 24, 1814. Federalist gain. | ▌Y Thomas W. Thompson (Federalist) 93 ▌Samuel Bell (Democratic-Republican) 80 Scattering 5 |
| Ohio (Class 1) | Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican | 1803 1807 (retired) 1810 (special) | Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Ohio. New senator elected December 10, 1814 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Joseph Kerr (Democratic-Republican) 42 ▌Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) 36 ▌Duncan MacArthur (Unknown) 1 ▌David Purviance (Unknown) 1 |
| Kentucky (Class 2) | George Walker | Democratic- Republican | 1814 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected December 16, 1814. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y William T. Barry (Democratic-Republican) 58 ▌Benjamin Mills (Unknown) 48 |
| North Carolina (Class 3) | David Stone | Democratic- Republican | 1800 1807 (resigned) 1812 | Incumbent resigned December 24, 1814. New senator elected December 30, 1814 on the eleventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify. | ▌Y Francis Locke Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 104 ▌John Stanly (Federalist) 75 |
| Virginia (Class 1) | Richard Brent | Democratic- Republican | 1809 | Incumbent died December 30, 1814, having lost re-election, see below. New senator elected January 2, 1815, having already won election to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) 107 ▌William Wirt (Democratic-Republican) 80 Scattering 4 |
| Kentucky (Class 3) | Jesse Bledsoe | Democratic- Republican | 1813 | Incumbent resigned. New senator elected January 3, 1815 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) 56 ▌Benjamin Mills (Unknown) 50 |

### Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1815; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut | Samuel Dana | Federalist | 1810 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1814. | ▌Y Samuel Dana (Federalist) [data missing] |
| Delaware | Outerbridge Horsey | Federalist | 1810 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 13, 1815. | ▌Y Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) 18 ▌John Warner (Democratic-Republican) 8 |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Democratic- Republican | 1802 1808 | Legislature failed to elect. A successor would not be elected until 1816. Democratic-Republican loss. | [data missing] |
| Massachusetts | Christopher Gore | Federalist | 1813 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected in 1815. | ▌Y Christopher Gore (Federalist) [data missing] |
| New Jersey | John Lambert | Democratic- Republican | 1808 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1815 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y James Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 29 ▌John Lambert (Federalist) 17 ▌Ebenezer Elmer (Democratic-Republican) Withdrew |
| New York | Obadiah German | Democratic- Republican | 1809 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected February 7, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Nathan Sanford (Democratic-Republican) 89 ▌James Emott (Federalist) 40 ▌John Jay (Federalist) 1 ▌Philetus Swift (Democratic-Republican) 1 |
| Ohio | Joseph Kerr | Democratic- Republican | 1814 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 7, 1815 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Benjamin Ruggles (Democratic-Republican) 42 ▌Duncan MacArthur (Unknown) 34 ▌William Creighton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 5 ▌Peter Hitchcock (Democratic-Republican) 2 |
| Pennsylvania | Jonathan Roberts | Democratic- Republican | 1814 (special) | Incumbent re-elected December 10, 1814. | ▌Y Jonathan Roberts (Democratic-Republican) 84 ▌Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 32 ▌Jared Ingersoll (Federalist) 1 Not voting 9 |
| Rhode Island | William Hunter | Federalist | 1811 (special) | Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1814. | ▌Y William Hunter (Federalist) Unanimous |
| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican | 1797 (special) 1799 (resigned) 1799 (special) 1803 1809 (appointed) 1809 (special) | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. A new senator would later be elected; see below. | None. |
| Vermont | Jonathan Robinson | Democratic- Republican | 1807 (special) 1808 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 25, 1814. Federalist gain. | ▌Y Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 111 ▌Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) 83 ▌John Strong (Democratic-Republican) 7 Scattering 1 |
| Virginia | Richard Brent | Democratic- Republican | 1808 | Incumbent lost re-election, and then died after the election. New senator elected November 14, 1814. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y James Barbour (Democratic-Republican) 107 ▌William Wirt (Democratic-Republican) 80 Scattering 4 |

### Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was elected in 1815 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Tennessee (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected October 10, 1815. Democratic-Republican gain. | ▌Y George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 37 ▌Parry Wayne Humphreys (Democratic-Republican) 23 |
| Tennessee (Class 2) | Jesse Wharton | Democratic- Republican | 1814 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected October 10, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y John Williams (Democratic-Republican) 32 ▌John Rhea (Democratic-Republican) 26 |
| North Carolina (Class 3) | Francis Locke Jr. | Democratic- Republican | 1800 1812 | Incumbent resigned, having failed to qualify. New senator elected December 5, 1815 on the fifth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 101 ▌John Branch Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 59 Scattering 27 |
| Virginia (Class 2) | William B. Giles | Democratic- Republican | 1804 (appointed) 1804 (special) 1804 1811 | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1815. New senator elected December 7, 1815. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner subsequently declined to serve. A new senator was later elected in 1816. | ▌Y John Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 125 ▌John Mercer (Democratic-Republican) 43 |

## Kentucky (special)

There were two special elections in Kentucky: one in 1814 and the other in 1815.