OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gray Matter (Breaking Bad)

"Gray Matter" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American television crime drama series Breaking Bad. Written by Patty Lin and directed by Tricia Brock, it aired on AMC in the United States on February 24, 2008.

## Plot

Walter and Skyler White attend a birthday party for their wealthy acquaintance, Elliott Schwartz. When Elliott offers him a job and tells him that his company Gray Matter Technologies has excellent health insurance, Walt realizes that Skyler told Elliott about his cancer and declines the offer, getting upset with her.
After a failed job interview, Jesse Pinkman shows his friend Badger the RV Walt and Jesse use as a meth lab. In the desert, Jesse is frustrated that the quality of his meth is inferior to that of Walt's and throws his own product away, much to Badger's dismay. Jesse cooks a couple more batches, which he also discards. Badger and Jesse brawl over the wasted meth, and Jesse pushes him out of the RV and drives away.
Walt Jr. and two friends are waiting outside a convenience store, waiting for somebody to buy them beer. The friends run away when Walt Jr. approaches a policeman. Cut to Walt Jr. sat in a car with the policeman telling him he got his "first and last warning. You're lucky you got a good dad here." The camera pans to show Hank sitting in the drivers seat. Skyler holds an intervention for Walt, where she says she does not understand why Walt is refusing treatment. Hank Schrader, Walt Jr., and Marie Schrader argue over what to do: while Skyler is worried for her husband and Walt Jr. is angered that Walt refuses to take the treatment despite everything he has been through, Marie, and later Hank, feel Walt should be given the choice to decline the treatment if he wants. Walt ends the intervention by saying he does not want to spend his last months being too sick to properly enjoy life.
The next morning, Walt has a change of heart and tells Skyler he will do the treatment, and he will take care of Elliott's check. Later, Elliott's wife, Gretchen calls, telling him that he has to accept the money. Walt says he appreciates the offer, but lies and says his insurance will now cover it. Walt then goes to Jesse's house and asks him if he wants to cook.

## Production

The episode was written by Patty Lin and directed by Tricia Brock; it aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on February 24, 2008. Actress Ali MacGraw filmed a cameo scene for the episode but it was cut.

## Critical reception

Seth Amitin of IGN gave the episode a rating of 8.9 out of 10. Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A−".
In 2019 The Ringer ranked "Gray Matter" as the 34th best out of the 62 total Breaking Bad episodes. Vulture.com ranked it 37th overall.
# Narend Singh

Narend Singh (born 5 September 1954) is a South African politician who is the chief whip of the Inkatha Freedom Party in the National Assembly and the treasurer-general of the party. Prior to joining the National Assembly in 2007, he was a Member of the Executive Council in the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government from 1997 until 2006 and a member of the Senate from 1994 to 1996.

## Early life and education

Singh was born on 5 September 1954 in Umkomaas, Natal Province. He attended Umkomaas Drift Primary and Naidoo Memorial School in the small town of Craigieburn, just outside Umkomaas. In 1971, he started studying towards a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Durban-Westville. He left the university in 1974 to help out at a family business. Singh later completed a postgraduate diploma in Economic Principles from the University of London in 1997. In 2003, he obtained a master's degree in public policy and administration from the university.
In 2019, he received a postgraduate diploma in public policy and African studies from the University of Johannesburg.

## Political career

In 1988, Singh was recruited by community members to contest the 1989 House of Delegates election in the Umzinto constituency. He went on to contest the election as a member of the Solidarity Party and won easily. Singh received 5,024 votes. In 1993, he joined the Inkatha Freedom Party. He turned down an offer from Roger Burrows to join the Democratic Party.
Following the first multi-racial elections in 1994, Singh was elected to the Senate as an IFP delegate from KwaZulu-Natal. He served in the Senate until 1996, when the IFP redeployed him to the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature. In April 1997, he was appointed to the province's Executive Council and served on the council until March 2006, when he resigned following a sex scandal. Although the scandal was an embarrassment to the party, the party decided not to expel him.
In August 2007, he was appointed to the National Assembly of South Africa to replace Nhlanhla Zulu, who had died the previous month. Singh has since been re-elected in April 2009, May 2014, May 2019 and May 2024.
Singh was later appointed as the IFP's chief whip in the assembly. He is also the party's treasurer-general.

## Personal life

Singh is married to Manitha, and they have two children together.
# Hub E City

Hub E City is a cable television StarHub TV channel 825 which belongs to StarHub. Its programming consists solely of drama series and hot entertainment programmes from Taiwan, Japan and Korea, dubbed into Mandarin for dramas (variety shows remain Korean) and also airs highly rated Taiwanese variety shows presented by popular hosts. There are commercial breaks during programmes on every 30 minutes. Starhub CableTV's channel 826 is E City +2 channel, showing programmes they air 2 hours before at a 2-hour later timeslot, which is still under the Chinese Entertainment Basic Group together with its Start Over and Catch Up TV buttons. Now Starhub also has added Starhub CableTV's channel 111, a simulcast of E City channel 825. Initially both of them are complimentary only on for one and a half years from 25 April 2011 to 31 December 2012, however, the complimentary viewing extended for two more years, which ends on 31 December 2014
The channel is a Homemade Theme channel by StarHub TV, along with HUB VV Drama (including On Demand), HUB Sports (4 different numbered channels, as well as HUB Sports Arena), HUB Sensasi, HUB Dunia Sinema On Demand, HUB Ru Yi Hokkien On Demand and HUB Varnam VOD.
In February 2012, for a period of 7 weeks, E City was the broadcaster of the Mandarin version of Fairprice Family Cook Off (S2). The English version was broadcast by the Asian Food Channel (Ch 435).
# Lutjanus erythropterus

Lutjanus erythropterus, the crimson snapper, crimson seaperch, high-brow sea-perch, Longman's sea perch, red bream, saddle-tailed perch, small-mouth nannygai or smallmouth sea perch is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

## Taxonomy

Lutjanus erythropterus was first formally described in 1790 by the German physician and zoologist Marcus Elieser Bloch with the type locality given as Nagasaki. The specific name is a compound of erythros meaning “red” and pterus meaning “fin”, a reference to the red median fins.

## Description

Lutjanus erythropterus has a moderately deep body which has a standard length of around two and half times its depth with a steeply sloped head and a large eye. The knob and incision on the preoperculum are weakly developed. The vomerine teeth are arranged a crescent shape with no rearwards extension and there are no teeth on the smooth tongue. The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 12-14 soft rays and the anal fin has 3 spines and 8-9 soft rays. The long pectoral fins extend to the level of the anus and contains 17 rays. The caudal fin is truncate. The maximum total length recorded for this species is 81.6 cm (32.1 in) although 45 cm (18 in) is more typical. The colour of the adults is pinklish-red to silver, may have a darker red posterior margin on the caudal fin and a light vertical bar behind head.

## Distribution and habitat

Lutjanus erythropterus has an Indo-Pacific distribution. Its distribution extends from the Gulf of Oman east to the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia and north to southern Japan. This species is likely to be associated with silty substrates in deeper waters, but is sometimes recorded forming schools over reefs and wrecks at depths greater than 20 m (66 ft). Juveniles once they have attain a length of 2.5 cm (0.98 in) settle in shallow waters where there are muddy substrates, sometimes entering estuaries.

## Biology

Lutjanus erythropterus is mainly nocturnal, foraging during the night mainly for fish but also for crustaceans, cephalopods and other benthic invertebrates. They spawn in all months of the year in Australia and Indonesia. It is a relatively slow-growing and long-lived species with a maximum lifespan of 42 years.

## Fisheries and conservation

Lutjanus erythropterus is considered to be a high quality eating fish which appears in markets on a regular basis, albeit in small quantities. It is caught using handlines and bottom trawls and is targeted alongside the Malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in Australia by both recreational anglers and commercial fisheries. It is also a quarry species in Indonesia and the Papua New Guinea for recreational, artisanal and commercial fisheries and part of the catch is exported to be sold internationally, in fact, it is a commercial fishery quarry in many parts of its range. In southern China it is being farmed in aquaculture. The crimson snapper has a wide distribution and a stable population and is strictly protected in some areas and so the IUCN classifies it as Least Concern.
# Spy Booth

Spy Booth was a 2014 artwork by Banksy in Cheltenham, England. The piece has been seen as a critique of the global surveillance disclosures of 2013.
In 2014, Robin Barton and Bankrobber London helped with the preservation of the artwork, and attempted to broker the removal and sale of the piece. However the artwork was painted onto a Grade II listed building (153–159 Fairview Road) and the council prevented it from being removed, giving it retrospective listed building consent in 2015 and affording it some protection from removal. Despite this, the artwork was removed, destroying it in August 2016. Spy Booth was auctioned as nine stucco-faced brick fragments sawed from the wall and as an NFT.
The GCHQ has used the picture, as a symbolic image for "How does an analyst catch a terrorist?", on its "what we do" page, on its website.
# Abraham Vosloo

Abraham Vosloo (born 21 October 1966) is a South African educator and politician who has been the Northern Cape's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Education since June 2024 and a Member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature since May 2019. He was the MEC for Roads and Public Works from May 2019 until June 2020, when he was appointed the MEC for Finance, Economic Development and Tourism. Vosloo was previously the Executive Mayor of the ZF Mgcawu District Municipality. He is a member of the African National Congress (ANC).

## Early life and education

Vosloo was born on 21 October 1966 in Askham, Cape Province. He completed his secondary education at Carlton Van Heerden High School in Upington in 1985. Vosloo went on to achieve a teacher's diploma and a high diploma from the Perseverance School in Kimberley.

## Career

Vosloo worked as a teacher at JJ Adams Primary School in his home town from 1990 to 1991. He was then employed at the Rosendal Primary School in Upington from 1992 until his appointment as a shop steward at SADTU. He was appointed the director of corporate services at the //Khara Hais Local Municipality in 2005; he held the post until 2012. In 2012, Vosloo was selected as municipal manager of the Kai ǃGarib Local Municipality. From 2013 to 2014, he served as the chair of the African National Congress in the ZF Mgcawu region. Vosloo was elected speaker of the district municipality in 2014. The next year, he was elected mayor of the municipality.

## Provincial government

After the 2019 general election held on 8 May, he was nominated to the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature. He was sworn in as a member on 22 May 2019. On 29 May 2019, Vosloo was appointed Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Roads and Public Works, succeeding Mxolisa Sokatsha. On 26 June 2020, Vosloo was moved to the Finance, Economic Development and Tourism portfolio of the Executive Council. He succeeded Maruping Lekwene, while Fufe Makatong succeeded him as Public Works MEC.
In October 2020, Vosloo stated that the agricultural sector in the Northern Cape had lost almost 10,000 jobs. He also stated that this could be due to seasonal factors and the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.
Following the 2024 provincial election, Vosloo was appointed MEC for Education by Saul.

## Personal life

In December 2020, Vosloo was hospitalised with COVID-19. He soon recovered in early-January 2021. His wife, Maria Minneth Vosloo, died due to complications from the virus on 23 January 2021.
# Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga

Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga (transl. Long live love) is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by R. Balu in his debut and produced by Sivasakthi Movie Makers. The film stars Murali alongside Kausalya, in her Tamil debut role, while Gemini Ganesan, Manivannan, Charle, Vivek, and Karan play supporting roles. This film completed 200 days at the box office. It was remade in Kannada as Kushalave Kshemave (2003).

## Plot

Jeeva is the college boy and singer (with bundles of commitments belonging to the lower middle class) who enchants the rich college girl Kausalya with his musical skills. Kausalya, the music buff who is in the habit of appreciating good singers over the phone, does it with Jeeva also. The telephonic voice of Kausalya turns out to have a tremendously magical romantic effect upon the hero, who besides falling in love head over heels with her, wants to see her.

## Cast

* Murali as Jeeva
* Kausalya as Kausalya
* Gemini Ganesan as Kausalya's grandfather
* Manivannan as Nayar
* Charle as Perumal
* Vivek as Haridas
* Karan as Prakash
* R. Sundarrajan as Principal Venkatraman
* Vennira Aadai Moorthy as Vice Principal Narasimhan
* Kovai Sarala as Elizabeth
* Shanmugasundaram as Jeeva's father
* Pandu as Sanjay Kujidabadham
* Rajeev as Psychiatrist
* Nassar as Hariharan
* Ramji as Rama
* P. B. Sreenivas as himself (Special appearance)

## Production

Following the release of director Agathiyan's Kadhal Kottai (1996), aspiring director Balu claimed that Agathiyan had stolen the story of the film from his half-complete venture Un Ninaivaaga. To appease Balu, producer Sivasakthi Pandian offered him the chance to make a film for his production studio. The film was named after a song from Kadhal Kottai. Kavitha made her Tamil debut with this film, and Balu gave her the screen name Kausalya.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Deva.

## Reception

Ananda Vikatan appreciated Thangar Bachan's cinematography, Kausalya's liveliness and Vivek's comedy. Tharamani of Kalki felt youth, jokes, colour, music, dance, a story with the size of a gooseberry if this is what works today he can makea believable and refreshing film with all this, at least next time director Balu should try and concluded on the other hand, if the same type of romantic films continue to come, we will hate the name of love to the extent that we will shift to the party of "Kaalemellam Kaadhal Ozhiga" (love will disappear forever). The success of Kadhal Kottai and Kalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga, prompted Sivashakthi Pandian to announce another romance film Kaadhale Nimmadhi soon after this film's release.
# Tsang Tsz Hin

Tsang Tsz Hin (Chinese: 曾梓軒; born 27 October 1995) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a defender or a midfielder.
He is the son of Tsang Wai Chung, former head coach of South China and Hong Kong.
# Tse Wai Chun (footballer)

Danny Tse Wai Chun (Chinese: 謝偉俊; born 30 January 1997) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Club career

On 27 August 2023, Tse announced his retirement from professional football.
# Gabrijel Palković

Gabrijel Palković, O.S.B.M. (15 April 1715 – 25 February 1759) was a Ruthenian and Croatian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was the titular bishop Drizipara and Vicar Apostolic of Marča from 1752 to 1759.

## Biography

Born in Zakarpattia, Habsburg monarchy (present day – Ukraine) in 1715, Palković was ordained a priest on 12 November 1741 as member of the Order of Saint Basil the Great. Before his nomination as bishop, Fr. Palković was the member of the Saint Nicholas Basilian Monastery in Mukacheve.
He was confirmed as the Bishop by the Holy See on 4 August 1752. He was consecrated to the Episcopate in September 1752. The principal consecrator was Bishop Manuil Olshavskyi.
He died in Karlovac on 25 February 1759.
# Yaroslav Kotlyarov

Yaroslav Kotlyarov (Ukrainian: Ярослав Ігорович Котляров; born 19 November 1997 in Yenakiieve, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian football goalkeeper who plays for Kolkheti-1913 in Georgia.

## Club career

Kotlyarov is a product of the FC Olimpik Sportive Academy and was promoted to the main squad team in April 2014. He made his debut on 18 May 2014 in a match against FC Avanhard Kramatorsk in the Ukrainian First League.
With Olimpik he won the 2013–14 Ukrainian First League and got promotion to the Ukrainian Premier League.
# Ceraphronidae

The Ceraphronidae are a small hymenopteran family with 14 genera and some 360 known species, though a great many species are still undescribed. It is a poorly known group as a whole, though most are believed to be parasitoids (especially of flies), and a few hyperparasitoids. Many are found in the soil, and of these, a number are wingless.
The family is distinguished from the closely related Megaspilidae by having a very small stigma in the wing, a very broad metasomal petiole, and a single median groove in the mesoscutum.
The taxon was erected by Alexander Henry Haliday in 1833.
# Paolo Viganò

Paolo Viganò (February 11, 1950 in Seregno – May 22, 2014) was an Italian professional football player. He played primarily as a defender while playing in Juventus, making appearances in Serie A, Italy's top football league. Viganò also had stints with lower-division teams, like A.C. Monza and Palermo. During his career, he played in several competitions, including the Coppa Italia and Serie B.
# Ibrahim Ghannam

Ibrahim Hassan Kheite (1930–1984), also known as Ibrahim Ghannam, was a Palestinian visual artist and painter. He was born in the coastal town of Yajur near Haifa in Palestine and later resided in Tal Al-Za'atar refugee camp, located north of Beirut in Lebanon.

## Biography

Ghannam suffered from Gout since childhood, which led him to rely on a wheelchair for mobility throughout his life. Despite his physical challenges, he persevered in his passion for painting, thanks to a UNWRA nurse who provided him with painting materials. Ghannam depicted scenes of village life in Yajur, in a naïve style using bright colours and a meticulousness approach to detail reminiscent of the Islamic miniaturists. Ghannam's choice to paint evocative village life, a far cry from his room overlooking an open sewer, and his subsistence diet of canned foods. By transcending his harsh reality to capture vibrant rural scenes, he was able to preserve the visual memory of bountiful Palestinian countryside for a generation of children born in the refugee camp. In addition to this visionary approach to his own work, Ghannam was also one of the founding members of the General Union of Palestinian Artists and the General Federation of Arab Artists.
Ghannam is the subject of Adnan Mdanat's 1977 documentary film, Palestinian Visions. He said in an interview, "I feel that my life stopped at the age of 17, because that is how old I was when I left, and I only live when I dream of those days." Ghannam found solace in playing the oud (as pictured here).

## Exhibitions

* 2020, The Naïve Arab Artist: Naïfs, Outsiders, L’art Autre, and L’art Brut in the Middle East, American University of Beirut Art Galleries, Beirut, Lebanon
# Southern Tier League

The Southern Tier League was a six–team Independent level minor league baseball league that played in the 1904 and 1905 seasons. The Southern Tier League featured franchises based in New York and Pennsylvania. The Southern Tier League permanently folded after the 1905 season.

## History

The Southern Tier League formed as Independent level minor league in 1904. The charter league members were the Addison White Sox, Corning White Ponies, Coudersport, Elmira, New York, Hornellsville Maple Cities, Penn Yan Grape Pickers and Wellsville Oil Drillers. League standings in some references list Hornellsville as the first place team, but August 20 newspaper accounts show Addison in first place with Hornellsville well behind in fifth place. The league was also referred to as the "Southern Tier Association."
The 1905 Southern Tier League continued play as a four–team Independent league. The four teams were the Addison-Wellsville Tobacco Strippers, Corning Glassblowers, Elmira and Hornellsville Blue Birds. The 1905 standings and statistics are unknown.
The Southern Tier League permanently folded as a minor league after the 1905 season. A league with the same name later played as a semi–pro league.

## Southern Tier League teams

| Team name(s) | City represented | Manager(s) | Year(s) active |
| Addison White Sox (1904) Addison-Wellsville Tobacco Strippers (1905) | Addison, New York | Bill Heine (1904–1905) | 1904 to 1905 |
| Corning White Ponies (1904) Corning Glassblowers (1905) | Corning, New York | Quinton Farr / Charles M. Turrell(1904) Jimmie Heffernan (1905) | 1904 to 1905 |
| Coudersport | Coudersport, Pennsylvania | Charles Eichberger | 1904 |
| Elmira | Elmira, New York | Cooney Rice / Ray Hagan (1904) Harry Curtis / Cooney Rice (1905) | 1904 to 1905 |
| Hornellsville Maple Cities (1904) Hornellsville Blue Birds (1905) | Hornellsville, New York | Charles H. Landon (1904) Jack Quinn (1905) | 1904 to 1905 |
| Penn Yan Grape Pickers | Penn Yan, New York | John Davis | 1904 |
| Wellsville Oil Drillers | Wellsville, New York | Fred Arnold | 1904 |

## Southern Tier League overall standings

The 1904 and 1905 Southern Tier League records and statistics are unknown. The 1904 reported standings on August 20, 1904, are listed below. The 1905 standings are unknown.

### 1904 (standings from August 20, 1904)

| Team standings | W | L | PCT |
| Addison | 22 | 11 | .666 |
| "Father Matthew" | 22 | 12 | .647 |
| Corning | 19 | 14 | .575 |
| Wellsville | 12 | 18 | .400 |
| Hornellsville | 12 | 22 | .352 |
| Cloudersport | 9 | 19 | .321 |

## Notable alumni

* Lee DeMontreville, Corning/Addison (1904-1905)