OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rescue doctrine

In the USA, the rescue doctrine of the law of torts holds that if a tortfeasor creates a circumstance that places the tort victim in danger, the tortfeasor is liable not only for the harm caused to the victim, but also the harm caused to any person injured in an effort to rescue that victim. This doctrine was originally promulgated by Benjamin N. Cardozo in the 1921 case, Wagner v. Int'l Ry. Co. There, writing for the Court of Appeals of New York (which is the supreme court of that state), Cardozo stated: "Danger invites rescue. The cry of distress is the summons to relief [...] The emergency begets the man. The wrongdoer may not have foreseen the coming of a deliverer. He is accountable as if he had." The rescue doctrine was established nineteen years later, in the landmark case of Cote v. Palmer.
Essentially, the rescue doctrine means that the rescuer can recover damages from a defendant when the rescuer is injured rescuing someone. The defendant is usually negligent in causing the accident to occur. Other cases have occurred where the plaintiff is injured rescuing the defendant and is able to collect damages.
In Wagner v. International Railway, riders on the defendant's trains were allowed to walk between cars while the train was moving. In one incident, a rider fell through the cars. The plaintiff, trying to help the fallen rider, was injured himself/herself. The court found the defendant liable because of negligence to allow riders to walk between cars while the train was moving. The aforementioned example is a reference to the concept that Danger invites Rescue. Whoever caused the accident will be liable for any subsequent accident which develops as a result of the original accident.
Essentially, in its pure form the Rescue Doctrine boils down to 4 main elements - all of which must be met in order to bring it to bear for the person asserting its privilege.
* There must be peril or the appearance of peril to a third party, caused by the defendant.
* That peril or appearance of peril must be imminent
* A reasonable person would recognize the peril or appearance of peril and the plaintiff must also have actually recognized it.
* The plaintiff must have exercised reasonable care in effecting the rescue.
# Shiho Fujimura

Shiho Fujimura (藤村 志保 Fujimura Shiho, born 3 January 1939) is a Japanese actress. She was given a Special Prize for her career at the 2008 Yokohama Film Festival.

## Filmography
### Films

* Shinobi no Mono (1962)
* Killer Whale (1962)
* Shinobi no Mono 2: Vengeance (1963)
* Zatoichi on the Road (1963)
* Akumyō Muteki (1965)
* Return Of Daimajin (1966)
* Shiroi Kyotō (1966)
* Zatoichi's Cane Sword (1967)
* The Snow Woman (1968)
* Fumō Chitai (1976)
* Tora-san Plays Cupid (1977)
* Kozure Ōkami: Sono Chiisaki Te ni (1993)
* Bloom in the Moonlight (1993), Tatsu Taki
* Wait and See (1998)
* Gemini (1999)
* Merdeka 17805 (2001)
* Inugami (2001)
* Yunagi City, Sakura Country (2007)
* Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (2008)

### Television

* Taikōki (1965), Nene
* Ōgon no Hibi (1978), Yodo-dono
* Musashibō Benkei (1986), Tokiwa Gozen
* Taiheiki (1991), Uesugi Kiyoko
* Fūrin Kazan (2007), Jukei-ni
# Syarhey Sakharuk

Syarhey Sakharuk (Belarusian: Сяргей Сахарук; Russian: Серге́й Сахарук; born 25 September 1982) is a retired Belarusian professional footballer.
# Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland

Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland (1559 – 4 January 1641) was a member of the Clifford family which held the seat of Skipton from 1310 to 1676.
He was the second son of Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland and Anne Dacre and inherited his title and estates on the death of his brother George, who had willed them to him in place of his daughter Anne. A long lawsuit between them over the possession of the family estates was settled in 1617.
He was elected Member of Parliament for Westmorland in 1584 and 1586 and for Yorkshire in 1604. He was appointed Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1600, constable of Knaresborough castle in 1604 and keeper of Carlisle castle in 1605. He was Custos Rotulorum of Cumberland from 1605 to 1639 and joint Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland (1607–1639), Westmorland (1607–1641) and Newcastle and a member of the Council of the North in 1619.
He married Grisold Hughes, daughter of Thomas Hughes and Elizabeth Dwnn (or Don), daughter of Sir Griffith Dwnn (or Don) and Elizabeth Roche-Eden, circa March 1589.
Children of Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland and Grisold Hughes:
* Lady Frances Clifford, married Sir Gervase Clifton, 1st Baronet
* Lady Margaret Clifford (died 1622) married Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford.
* Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland b. 28 Feb 1591/92 – d. 11 Dec 1643
He died on 21 January 1640/41.
# Knee Weakener

Knee Weakener is a summit on the west side of Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The summit has an elevation of 6,860 feet (2,091 m) NGVD 29.
# 1961 United States House of Representatives elections

There were seven special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1961, during 87th United States Congress.

## List of elections

| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Arkansas 6 | William F. Norrell | Democratic | 1938 | Incumbent died February 15, 1961. New member elected April 18, 1961 to finish her husband's term. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Catherine Dorris Norrell (Democratic) 43.1% ▌John H. Jones (Democratic) 25.1% ▌M. C. Lewis (Democratic) 23.2% ▌James F. Cross (Democratic) 7.3% ▌Sam D. Carson (Democratic) 1.3% |
| Arizona 2 | Stewart Udall | Democratic | 1954 | Incumbent resigned January 18, 1961, to become U.S Secretary of the Interior. New member elected May 2, 1961. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Mo Udall (Democratic) 51.0% ▌Mac C. Matheson (Republican) 49.0% |
| Pennsylvania 16 | Walter M. Mumma | Republican | 1952 | Incumbent died February 25, 1961. New member elected May 16, 1961. Republican hold. | ▌Y John C. Kunkel (Republican) 65.6% ▌Kathryn Z. Vanderslice (Democratic) 34.4% |
| Tennessee 1 | B. Carroll Reece | Republican | 1950 | Incumbent died March 19, 1961. New member elected May 16, 1961. Republican hold. | ▌Y Louise Goff Reece (Republican) 62.9% ▌William W. Faw (Democratic) 33.2% ▌Leland A. Davis (Republican) 3.9% |
| Texas 20 | Paul J. Kilday | Democratic | 1938 | Incumbent resigned September 24, 1961, to become judge of U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. New member elected November 4, 1961. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Henry B. González (Democratic) 54.6% ▌John W. Goode (Republican) 44.0% Others ▌Ernest T. Cude (Democratic) 0.9% ▌G. H. Allen (Democratic) 0.3% ▌Norman Brock (Democratic) 0.2% |
| Michigan 1 | Thaddeus M. Machrowicz | Democratic | 1950 | Incumbent resigned September 18, 1961, to become a U.S. District Court judge. New member elected November 7, 1961. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Lucien Nedzi (Democratic) 85.5% ▌Walter Czarnecki (Republican) 14.5% |
| Louisiana 4 | Overton Brooks | Democratic | 1936 | Incumbent died September 16, 1961. New member elected December 19, 1961. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Joe Waggonner (Democratic) 54.5% ▌Charlton H. Lyons Sr. (Republican) 45.5% |
# Toyosato Station (Hokkaido)

Toyosato Station (豊郷駅, Toyosato-eki) is a railway station on the Hidaka Main Line in Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).
Services on the 116 km section of the line between Mukawa and Samani have been suspended indefinitely since January 2015 due to storm damage.

## History

The station opened on 6 September 1924, named Hae Station (波恵駅). It was renamed Toyosato on 1 April 1944. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Hokkaido.
# Hiram High School

Hiram High School is a public high school in Hiram, Georgia, United States.

## History

The history of a school in the Hiram area goes back a century and a half. The first Hiram high School opened in 1850 as a one-room school house on Main Street. After the original building burned down, a second school was built on Powder Springs Street. The records list teachers working between 1907 and 1913, when a new three-room schoolhouse was built in Hiram. The school burned in 1922. Two years later, in 1924, a new school was built on the present location of Hiram Elementary School. In 1927, C. T. Norton became the principal and the school enrolled 177 pupils, the largest class so far. At that point Hiram was one of just 82 Georgia high schools which were accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1930 the nearby Vernon School was consolidated with Hiram and a steel-body bus was operated to bring the students from the Vernon community. The next year, in 1931, C. E. Landrum became the principal, and placed a previously missing importance on sports for the school.
Over the next 24 years, the old school was regularly expanded to account for increased population in the area. In 1955, an entirely new school was built and remained in operation until 1968. From 1938 to 1968, the school's enrollment expanded from 350 to 1000 students. In 1968, the Paulding County School District consolidated Hiram into Paulding County High School.
Hiram remained without a secondary school for 31 years. In the late 1990s, the present campus was built on a new site one mile to the west of downtown Hiram. The new Hiram High School first opened for the 1999–2000 school year. In the following years the school has seen numerous expansions and changes, such as many new sports fields, a new fine arts building, a secondary gymnasium, and a separate freshman building. In 2010, a large two-story facility that added 35 new classrooms to the school was completed on the previous site of the freshman building, allowing the large trailer classroom community (nicknamed "The Village" among students) to be removed. At present, Hiram has 1,763 enrolled students and graduates about 400 students each spring.

## Notable alumni

* Jonathan Greenard (Class of 2015): current outside linebacker for the Minnesota Vikings
* Trevard Lindley (Class of 2004): former cornerback for the Philadelphia Eagles
# Iyaguchi Station

Iyaguchi Station (祖谷口駅, Iyaguchi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Miyoshi, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "D24".

## Lines

Iyaguchi Station is served by JR Shikoku's Dosan Line and is located 52.3 km from the beginning of the line at Tadotsu.

## Layout

The station, which is unstaffed, consists of a side platform serving a single tracks on a hillside. A flight of steps leads up to the platform from the access road. There is no station building but a log-style building at the base of the steps serves as a waiting room. A shelter is provided on the platform.

## History

Iyaguchi Station opened on 28 November 1935 when the then Kōchi Line was extended northwards from Toyonaga to Minawa and the line was renamed the Dosan Line. At this time the station was operated by Japanese Government Railways, later becoming Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku.

## Surrounding area

* Matsuogawa Onsen
# Tylwch railway station

Tylwch railway station was a station in Tylwch, Powys, Wales. The station was closed in 1962.
On 16 September 1899, an accident happened at the station in which a mail train collided with an excursion train. Five people were seriously injured and a 24-year-old woman died in the incident.
# English cricket team in South Africa in 1895–96

An English cricket team, organised and led by Lord Hawke, toured South Africa from December 1895 to March 1896. The team played three matches against the South Africa national cricket team which were retrospectively awarded Test status. There is uncertainty about the status of South African cricket as a whole in the late nineteenth century and so only two of Hawke's matches against provincial teams, those involving Transvaal and Western Province, are rated first-class. Hawke's XI is designated England for the Test series which they won 3–0, winning all three matches by substantial margins. Tim O'Brien captained England in the first Test, although Hawke was playing, and Hawke was captain in the second and third Tests. The South African teams were captained by Ernest Halliwell (first two Tests) and Alfred Richards (third Test). Hawke's team was not a full-strength England team, but it did include four of the best players of the time in Tom Hayward, C. B. Fry, George Lohmann and Sammy Woods.

## Test series summary

England won the Test series 3–0.

### First Test

* 13–14 February 1896 Scorecard
* England won by 288 runs St George's Park, Port Elizabeth Umpires: unknown
* South Africa won the toss and elected to field.
* RM Poore, JH Sinclair, CFW Hime, RA Gleeson, FJ Cook, J Middleton, JT Willoughby (all SA), and TW Hayward, CB Fry, AJL Hill, HR Bromley-Davenport, Lord Hawke, CW Wright, AM Miller and HR Butt (all ENG) made their Test debuts. SMJ Woods made his debut for ENG, having previously played for AUS.
* The match was completed in two days.
* The South African total of 30 was the lowest in Test cricket until 1954-55.
* Hugh Bromley-Davenport's 2nd innings analysis of 1-23 was 76.66% of the innings total score - the highest percentage of runs conceded by just one bowler in a completed Test match innings.

### Second Test

* 2–4 March 1896 Scorecard
* England won by an innings and 197 runs Old Wanderers, Johannesburg Umpires: G Allsop (SA) and AM Miller (ENG). Allsop was sometimes substituted by HR Butt (ENG), WB Woolley (SA) and G Beves (SA).
* England won the toss and elected to bat.
* CL Johnson, GH Shepstone, WHB Frank, CB Llewellyn, GA Rowe (all SA), and C Heseltine (ENG) made their Test debuts.
* Umpire Miller had played for England in the previous Test.

### Third Test

* 21–23 March 1896 Scorecard
* England won by an innings and 33 runs Newlands, Cape Town Umpires: G Beves (SA) and AM Miller (ENG)
* England won the toss and elected to field.
* 22 March was taken as a rest day
* AR Richards, AW Seccull, GK Glover (all SA), and EJ Tyler (ENG) made their Test debuts.
* The match was completed in two days.
# 2021 Formula Regional Asia Series

The 2021 Formula Regional Asia Series by Alpine was to be a multi-event, Formula 3 open-wheel single seater motor racing championship held across Asia. After the series planned to rebrand as the Formula Regional AsiaCup in 2020 to align with the Formula Renault Eurocup and that season was abandoned because of the COVID-19 pandemic, another rebrand was scheduled to once again follow the European counterpart now being known as Formula Regional European Championship. The season was abandoned in late November.

## Planned calendar

The first calendar was announced on 21 December 2020. However, lack of news regarding the season opener as well as other series reporting of no regional racing activity in Asia put the holding of the championship in doubt. The first race weekend, planned to be held at Ningbo International Circuit, did not take place. After the Chinese government suspended all motorsport activity until further notice, all events in China until September were also cancelled. Two planned events at Sepang and one event at Zhuhai were abandoned without further communication.
Plans to relaunch the series in late 2021 did ultimately not come to fruition, and the season was abandoned in late November.
# Newberry Historic District (Newberry, Florida)

The Newberry Historic District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on December 24, 1987) located in Newberry, Florida. It encompasses approximately 400 acres (1.6 km$^2$), bounded by Northwest 2nd Avenue, Northwest 2nd Street, Lucile Street, and Northwest 9th Street. It contains 48 historic buildings.
# Omurajinjamae Station

Omurajinjamae Station (小村神社前駅, Omura-Jinja-Mae-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the village of Hidaka, Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is named after nearby Omura Shrine. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "K08-1".

## Lines

The station is served by JR Shikoku's Dosan Line and is located 141.6 km from the beginning of the line at Tadotsu.

## Layout

The station consists of a side platform serving a single track. There is no station building, only a weather shelter on the platform for waiting passengers. A ramp from the access road leads up to the platform. A bike shed and parking lots are provided at the base of the ramp.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Dosan Line |||||
| Hakawa | Hakawa | Local | Kusaka | Kusaka |

## History

The station was opened by JR Shikoku on 15 March 2008 as a new station on the existing Dosan Line. As JR Shikoku had introduced station numbering in 2006 and numbers "K08" and "K09" had already been assigned to Hakawa and Kusaka respectively, the new station, which was between the two, was given the number "K08-1".

## Surrounding area

* Omura Shrine - a Shinto shrine which holds an ancient gilt bronze sword (or tachi) which is designated as a National Treasure and two wooden masks from the Heian period designated as Important Cultural Properties of Japan.
* National Route 33 - runs parallel to the track.
# Jerry McBride

Jerry E. McBride (born May 20, 1939) is an American Democratic politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives for 16 years.

## Biography

Born in Licking, Missouri, McBride graduated from Rolla High School. He served six years in the U.S. Army Reserves. In 1995, he helped pass a bill which enabled any Missouri city or county to pass up to a one-half cent sales tax for parks and/or storm water purposes. This legislation generating over a quarter billion dollars.
# Ten Commandments Monument

Ten Commandments Monument may refer to:

## Africa

* Ten Commandments Monument, Dwoi, Plateau State, Nigeria

## North America

* Ten Commandments Monument (Austin, Texas)
* Ten Commandments Monument (Little Rock, Arkansas)
* Ten Commandments Monument (Oklahoma City)
* Ten Commandments Monument, Tuskahoma, Oklahoma, located at the Choctaw Capitol Building
* Ten Commandments Memorial, Phoenix, Arizona, located in Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza
* Ten Commandments Monument, Pleasant Grove, Utah, implicated in Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
* Ten Commandments Monument, removed from the rotunda of the Alabama Judicial Building, per Glassroth v. Moore
* Ten Commandments Monument, removed from the grounds of Bloomfield, New Mexico city hall
* Ten Commandments Monument, removed from the grounds of Haskell County, Oklahoma courthouse, per Green v. Haskell County Board of Commissioners

## Europe

* Monument of Ten Commandments, architectural complex in Ukraine
# Funariidae

The Funariidae are a widespread group of mosses in class Bryopsida. The majority of species belong to the genera Funaria (c. 200 species) and Physcomitrium (c. 80 species).

## Classification

The Funariidae include three monotypic orders, with around 350 species, most of which belong either to the genus Funaria or Physcomitrium.
    Order Encalyptales
       Family Encalyptaceae (2 genera, 35 species)
    Order Funariales
       Family Funariaceae (14 genera, ca. 300 species)
    Order Disceliales
       Family Disceliaceae (1 species Discelium nudum)

## Description

Species in the subclass Funariidae typically live on or near the ground. Their stems typically have a central strand differentiated from the surrounding cells. The peristome teeth of their sporangia are arthrodontous, diplolepidous, and opposite.
They are acrocarpous, producing their archegonia at the upper tips of the stem, and hence sporophyte stalks arise from the tip of the stem as well. The capsule of the order Funariales has a well-defined ring of cells called an annulus. When these cells die, their walls rupture, allowing the sporangium lid to fall off, and revealing the peristome. In the other two orders, the annulus is not differentiated. In the Gigaspermales, the capsule is not raised above the plant on a stalk, but remains hidden from view among the leaves. In the Encalyptales, the capsule is jacketed inside the calyptra long after it is raised above the plant, giving the appearance of a tiny mushroom.

## Gallery

* Cross section of stem, showing the central strand.
* A single leaf, consisting of a single sheet of cells.
* Gametophytes of Funaria hygrometrica with the sporophyte generation emerging from the tips of the plants.
* Aging sporophytes of Funaria hygrometrica.
* Tip of sporangium (capsule) showing the well-defined annulus of Funaria.
* Sporangium after the annulus has released the operculum (lid), revealing the teeth of the peristome.
* Sporophytes of Encalypta vulgaris, with their capsules still jacketed by calyptrae.
# Kazuha

Kazuha (written: 一葉, 円葉 or 和葉) is a feminine Japanese given name.

## People with this name

* Kazuha Oda (小田 一葉), Japanese singer-songwriter
* Nakamura Kazuha, Japanese singer

## Fictional characters

* Kaedehara Kazuha, a male character in 2020 video game Genshin Impact
* Kazuha Toyama (遠山 和葉), supporting character in Detective Conan
* Kazuha Aoi, a character in Freezing
* Kazuha Migiwa, a character in Yosuga no Sora
* Kazuha, a male character in Noragami
# Romani Studies (journal)

Romani Studies is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of Romani studies. It is the official journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. It was established in 1888 and until 1982 was published as the Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. Its publication resumed in 1991 and in 2000 the journal obtained its current title. The society currently publishes it in association with the Liverpool University Press.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Anthropological Literature
* Arts and Humanities Citation Index
* Current Contents/Arts & Humanities
* Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences
* EBSCO databases
* Humanities Abstracts
* International Bibliography of Periodical Literature
* International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
* Linguistic Bibliography
* Modern Language Association Database
* ProQuest databases
* Social Sciences Citation Index
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 0.111.

## Editors-in-chief

The following persons are or have been editor-in-chief:
* Elena Marushiakova (current)
* Colin Clark (2019–present)
* Daniel Škobla (2019–2020)
* Kimmo Granqvist (2017–2019)
* Yaron Matras (1999–2017)
* Sheila Salo (1990–1999)
# Lake Fork Peak

Lake Fork Peak is a 12,881-foot-elevation (3,926 m) mountain summit in Taos County, New Mexico, United States.

## Description

Lake Fork Peak is part of the Taos Mountains which are a subset of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. It is the second-highest point in the Wheeler Peak Wilderness and ranks as the sixth-highest summit in New Mexico. The mountain is located within the Carson National Forest, 12 miles northeast of the town of Taos and 1.24 miles west-southwest of Wheeler Peak, the highest point in the state. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the Rio Hondo which is a tributary the Rio Grande. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,900 feet (880 meters) above the South Fork Rio Hondo in less than one mile (1.6 km). The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and the name refers to Lake Fork which is a creek that originates between this peak and Wheeler Peak. The peak has also been known as Fairview Mountain.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lake Fork Peak has an alpine climate with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer. Climbers can expect afternoon rain, hail, and lightning from the seasonal monsoon in late July and August. This climate supports the Taos Ski Valley area immediately north of Lake Fork Peak.