# Special Region of Jakarta Act

The Special Region of Jakarta Act (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Provinsi Daerah Khusus Jakarta) is a law that declares that Jakarta is no longer the capital of Indonesia. Initially, it was expected that Nusantara would officially become Indonesia's new capital beginning on 25 April 2024, but it has since been halted, with Jakarta still being the capital as of October 2024. It is expected when Nusantara becomes the capital city, Jakarta's status as a "Special Capital Region" will be revoked. The law will turn Jakarta into a "Special Region" for economic and trading purposes.
Of the nine political parties in the House of Representatives that passed the bill, only the Prosperous Justice Party rejected the passage of the law.

## History

After the passage of the State Capital Act 2023, the Indonesian government and People's Representative Council discussed Jakarta's future for when the capital is moved to Nusantara. On 5 December 2023, the People's Representative Council submitted the "Bill on Special Region of Jakarta". The main contents of the bill were:
* Areal delimitation of Jakarta.
* The governor and Deputy Governor will no longer be elected by presidential appointment.
* Special rights of Jakarta in regulating its economy.
* There will be regencies and cities in Jakarta in the future, but the regent and mayor posts will be held by a gubernatorial appointment.
* As a consequence of the formation of new regencies and cities, there will be regency-level and town-level representative councils.
* Special taxes in the Special Region of Jakarta.
Regarding the governor and deputy governor being presidentially appointed posts, the PDI-P, Golkar, National Awakening Party, Nasdem, Prosperous Justice Party, Democratic Party, and National Mandate Party objected to the change. The government, through the Ministry of Home Affairs, also voiced their rejection as the change being undemocratic.
When the law finally passed on 28 April 2024, much of its content was revised from the original bill. The main contents are:
* Formation of Agglomerated Regions Council.
* Governor and Deputy Governor are still democratically elected posts.
* Allocation of special funds for social and community affairs for districts.
* Limited autonomy for future Jakarta local government.
* Cultural development in Jakarta.
* Special taxation and tariffs that established within Jakarta.
* Agrarian affairs in Jakarta.

## Agglomerated Regions Council

Article 55 of the law mandated the formation of the Agglomerated Regions Council (Indonesian: Dewan Kawasan Aglomerasi). The council will regulate the development of Agglomerated Regions of Jakarta, which would consist of Jakarta and its satellites: Bogor Regency, Tangerang Regency, Bekasi Regency, Cianjur Regency, Bogor, Tangerang City, South Tangerang, and Bekasi. The formation of this council was required because prior to the formation of the council, Jakarta's environmental and transportation problems were divided into Jakarta, Bogor, and Bekasi's local governments. Moreover, different ruling political factions and views between the three local governments caused difficulties in enacting the changes. In the original bill, it was mentioned that the Agglomerated Regions Council would be chaired by the Vice President of Indonesia ex officio. However, in the law form, the office will be filled by a president-appointed official.

## Transitional period

Due to the law, Jakarta no longer served as the de jure Indonesian capital. Article 73 of the law stated that the capital remained in Jakarta de facto until Nusantara was properly established for administrative purposes. On 30 November 2024, President Prabowo Subianto signed Law No. 151/2024, officially revoking Jakarta's status as the capital and setting Nusantara as the Capital of Indonesia. The permanent establishment of Nusantara as the new capital of Indonesia is expected to happen by a Presidential Decree no longer after 17 August 2028.