OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aquilegia fosteri

Aquilegia fosteri, common name Foster's columbine, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Utah and Arizona.

## Description

Aquilegia fosteri is a perennial herbaceous plant with glandular-pubescent stems and foliage, and large red-and-yellow or pink-and-yellow flowers with long nectar spurs.

## Taxonomy

The species was originally described by the American botanist Stanley Larson Welsh as a variety fosteri of Aquilegia formosa, based on a type specimen collected by R. and R. Foster on the northern slope of Bridge Mountain in Washington County, Utah, on 25 May 1977, and two additional specimens collected by A. Woodbury in the same county in 1924 and held in the Zion National Park herbarium.
Welsh reassessed the plant as a distinct species A. fosteri in 2001, noting that specimens had also previously been assigned to Aquilegia desertorum but rejecting this attribution on the basis the glandular pubescence of the lower part of the stem and larger sepals and petals of A. fosteri.
The species is known to hybridize with Aquilegia chrysantha when seeds fall from the higher-elevation habitat of A. fosteri and germinate on the floor of Zion Canyon, the usual habitat of A. chrysantha. These hybrids lack the glandular foliage of A. fosteri and often have very broad and pale spurs.

### Etymology

The specific epithet and former variety name fosteri honours the American botanist Robert Alan Foster [es] (1938–2002), who collected the type specimen in 1977.

## Distribution and habitat

Aquilegia fosteri is native to northwestern Arizona and Zion Canyon in Utah, where it grows high on sandstone canyon walls in rock crevices.

## Conservation

As of January 2025, the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.
# Joseph Willoughby

Joseph Thomas Willoughby (7 November 1874 – 11 March 1952) was a South African cricketer who played in two Test matches in 1896.
In the first match of the English tour of South Africa in 1895–96, Willoughby took 6 for 15 in the second innings to dismiss Lord Hawke's XI for 92 and give the Western Province XV victory by 74 runs. He later played in the first and third of the three Tests in the series, taking six wickets. In the first Test he dismissed George Lohmann for a pair, and Lohmann did the same to him.
# Albert Powell (South African sportsman)

Albert "Bertie" William Powell (18 July 1873 – 11 September 1948) was a South African sportsman who played both international cricket and rugby union for South Africa.
Powell was born in Kimberley, Cape Colony, in 1873. An all-rounder with safe hands in the field, he played sporadically for Griqualand West from 1892/93 to 1904/05. When Lord Hawke brought the English team to South Africa in 1898/99, Powell was selected for the second Test, played at Cape Town. England won the match comprehensively by 210 runs, despite a first innings deficit of 85, and Powell's score of 11 was South Africa's highest in their second innings total of 35.
In 1896, Powell played at centre for the South Africa national rugby union team in the third Test of the British Isles tour of South Africa. This was his only international rugby match.
Powell's brother Jackie captained South Africa at rugby and also played first-class cricket for Griqualand West.
# Hayk Ghazaryan

Hayk Ghazaryan (Armenian: Ղազարյան Հայկ Միրզաջանի) (23 August 1930 — 19 August 2014) was an Armenian historian and professor nominated to 2007 Nobel Prize for his "The Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire" academic work. It consists of 2 volumes and was translated into Russian, Turkish and a number of European languages. Ghazaryan died in August 2014.

## Book

* Ghazaryan Hayk, The genocide of the Armenian people in the Ottoman Empire / by Hayk Ghazaryan . - Yerevan : Tigran Mets, 2005. - 335 p. : ill.; 25 cm. - In English; with bibliographical references in Armenian, Russian, French, German, and Turkish.
# The Ross Mathews Roast

"The Ross Mathews Roast" is the thirteenth episode of the fourteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race. It originally aired on April 1, 2022. Dulcé Sloan is a guest judge. DeJa Skye and Jorgeous are both eliminated from the competition, after placing in the bottom three and losing a lip-sync against Daya Betty.

## Episode

For the episode's mini-challenge, the contestants team up and paint a mural of either Dolly Parton or RuPaul, inspired by the mural of Dolly Parton and RuPaul in Asheville, North Carolina. Team Dolly Parton includes Bosco, Daya Betty, Lady Camden, and Willow Pill. Team RuPaul includes Angeria Paris VanMicheals, DeJa Skye, and Jorgeous. Team Dolly Parton wins the mini-challenge.
For the main challenge, the contestants perform a roast of Ross Mathews. Dulcé Sloan is a guest judge. The runway category is "Tutu Much". Angeria Paris VanMicheals, Bosco, Lady Camden, and Willow Pill receive positive critiques, and Bosco wins the challenge. Daya Betty, DeJa Skye, and Jorgeous receive negative critiques, and are announced as the bottom three. They face off in a lip-sync to "Good 4 U" (2021) by Olivia Rodrigo. Daya Betty wins the lip-sync and DeJa Skye and Jorgeous are eliminated from the competition.

## Production

Season contestants Alyssa Hunter, Jasmine Kennedie, June Jambalaya, and Maddy Morphosis shared on social media what they had planned to wear for the episode's runway, had they still been in the competition.
# Carl Coetzee

Carl Coetzee (born 3 August 1929) is a former South African cricket umpire. He stood in three Test matches in 1970.
# Marcy Zenobi-Wong

Marcy Zenobi-Wong is an American engineer and professor of Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). She is known for her work in the field of Tissue Engineering.

## Education and career

Zenobi-Wong completed her undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a graduate degree at Stanford University. She completed her PhD on the role of mechanical forces in skeletal development in 1990. After this, she first worked for a year as a postdoc in the Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, before moving to the University of Bern as group leader Cartilage Biomechanics in 1992, where she habilitated in 2000. In 2003, she moved to ETH Zürich, first to the Institute for Biomedical Engineering, and later to the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, where she became an associate professor in 2017.

## Work

Zenobi-Wong works in the area of tissue engineering, in particular for cartilage regeneration. She develops functional biomaterials which mimic the extracellular matrix. The biofabrication techniques used to develop these materials include electrospinning, casting, two-photon polymerization and bioprinting.
Zenobi-Wong holds four licensed patents in the fields of tissue engineering, tissue engineering techniques, and gene expression assays. She was one of the originators of the MSc Biomedical Engineering program at ETH Zürich, and developed several graduate level courses in tissue engineering and biomedical engineering. Zenobi-Wong currently serves as President of the Swiss Society for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, and as secretary general of the International Society of Biofabrication.
# Federalist No. 17

Federalist No. 17 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the seventeenth of The Federalist Papers. It was first published by The Independent Journal (New York) on December 5, 1787, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. No. 17 addresses the insufficiencies of the Articles of Confederation to satisfactorily govern the United States; it is the third of six essays on this topic. It is titled "The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union".

## Summary

Federalist No. 17 specifically regards the possible encroachment by the federal government on the powers of the state governments. Hamilton argues that because states are given the most direct power over their citizens, namely the ability to administer criminal and civil justice, they remain "the most attractive source of popular obedience and attachment". According to Hamilton, this power contributes more than any other circumstance to impressing upon the minds of the people affection, esteem, and reverence towards the government [of the state].
Furthermore, Hamilton says human nature makes it so the people are more closely attached to things they are geographically near, hence a person is more attached to their neighborhood than the community at large. Therefore, "The people of each state would be apt to feel a stronger bias towards their local governments than towards the government of the union."
Because of the reasons listed, Hamilton believes that state governments will have the popular strength to resist encroachment on their states' rights.

## Response

The authorship of the essay has been disputed.
# Gerald Bond

Gerald Edward Bond (5 April 1909 – 27 August 1965) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1938. He was born and died at Cape Town.

## Career

Bond was a right-handed middle- or upper-order batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. He played irregularly for Western Province from 1929–30. His best season was 1936–37 when he scored his only first-class century, a score of 170 for Western Province against Natal which was insufficient to prevent his side losing the match by an innings. In the following game, opening the Western Province bowling against Border, he took four wickets for 17 runs with his medium-pace, the best bowling performance of his career.
Bond's Test career was fleeting. He took two wickets (including Wally Hammond) in Western Province's match against the England team in 1938–39 and scored 13 in each innings. He was then picked for the first Test of a five-match series. When England batted, he was the sixth bowler used and was given only two overs, in which he failed to take a wicket and conceded 16 runs; in the South African innings, the unsuccessful promotion of a nightwatchman meant that he batted at no. 9 instead of no. 3 or no. 4 as he generally did for Western Province, and he was dismissed first ball, one of three first-ball dismissals in the innings. He was not selected for South Africa again and in fact did not play any further first-class cricket either.
# Federalist No. 74

Federalist No. 74 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the seventy-fourth of The Federalist Papers. It was published on March 25, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. Its title is "The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive", and it is the eighth in a series of 11 essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Executive branch.
In this paper, Hamilton justifies the President's status as the commander of the militia, as well as the President's power to grant pardons.
# Stara Planina ski resort

Stara Planina ski resort or Stara Planina ski center (Serbian: Ски центар Стара планина, romanized: Ski centar Stara planina) is a mountain resort and one of the largest centers of winter tourism in Serbia, operated by public company "Skijališta Srbije". Located on the slopes of Stara Planina, it is mainly a destination for skiing.

## History

In 2008, the Ministry of Economy announced its plan to invest around 240 million euros over eight years in Stara Planina ski resort. However, much of the plan has never been realized, with only some of the investments being realized over 10 years.

## Features

It is located at elevations between 1,100 and 1,900 meters. It has six tracks having 13 km (8.1 mi) in total, with some of them covered by artificial snowing systems, with the total capacity of the about 2,600 skiers per hour. It is equipped with modern chairlifts, with total capacity of 2,400 skiers per hour. All tracks are categorized by the International Ski Federation (FIS).

## Transportation

Stara Planina ski resort is located some 55 kilometers from the city of Pirot, 70 kilometers from the city of Niš and international airport Niš Constantine the Great Airport.

## Gallery

* Babin Zub in the summer
* Gondola center in Stara Planina
* Stara planina landscape in summer
# Sid Pegler

Sidney James Pegler (28 July 1888 – 10 September 1972) was a South African cricketer. He emerged following the decline of their googly bowlers Vogler and Schwarz in the early 1910s.
Although Pegler only played a few first-class matches in South Africa between 1908 and 1910, he was chosen for South Africa's first Test tour of 1910/1911 and immediately established himself as a Test regular, although the extremely hard Australian wickets were as difficult for him as they were for the much-acclaimed "googly" trio of Vogler, Schwarz and Aubrey Faulkner. Despite taking only seven wickets in the Test series, it was no surprise when Pegler was chosen for the 1912 "Triangular Tournament" tour. On this tour, Pegler was a resounding success, playing in all but three of the South Africans' thirty-seven first-class matches and in an extremely wet summer being the leading first-class wicket-taker with 189 (eleven more than leading English bowler Colin Blythe). He took twenty-nine wickets in the six Tests despite the fact that South Africa only once bowled through two full innings owing to their being outclassed against both England and Australia. Pegler also did fairly well as a slogging tail-end batsman, scoring for the whole tour 643 runs at an average of over fifteen with his best scores being 79 against South Wales at Swansea and 52 against Northamptonshire's strong attack. Pegler also set a record for the fastest first-class fifty during the 1910/1911 tour when he hit 50 in fourteen minutes against Tasmania. Against genuine bowling this has been bettered only by Jim Smith in 1938 and Khalid Mahmood in 2000/2001.
Pegler's bowling was chiefly focused on a medium-paced leg-cutter which was not tossed high in the air but he had several variations including a break-back and a faster ball - both of which obtained many wickets during his successful 1912 campaign.
It might have been expected that Pegler would become the mainstay of the South African bowling attack for years to come, since he was only twenty-four and seemed to have great potential. However, his appointment as a colonial District Commissioner in Nyasaland around this time meant that Pegler was never able to return to South Africa after playing one match for Transvaal at the beginning of 1913. Consequently, his only Test cricket after 1912 was on the 1924 tour, for which he was not even an original selection but where he was nonetheless much more successful than such bowlers as Buster Nupen, who had acquired a remarkable reputation on matting pitches.
During World War I he was awarded the DSO and was wounded three times, once in his bowling arm.
After he retired from first-class cricket in 1930, Pegler continued working in the game's administration. He managed the 1951 touring team to England.
# The Seven

"The Seven" is the 123rd episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. This was the 13th episode for the seventh season, originally airing on February 1, 1996. In this episode, Elaine and Kramer turn to Newman to resolve a dispute over which of them is rightful owner of a bike, George wants to name his first child Seven, and Jerry dates a woman who seemingly never changes her clothes.

## Plot

Elaine strains her neck trying to get a bike down from the wall in an antiques store. Jerry had been oblivious to Elaine's struggles, as he was working on getting the phone number of a woman, Christie. Elaine impulsively vows to give the bike to whoever fixes her neck. Kramer claims to be skilled in shiatsu technique and relieves her aching neck. He then demands the bike despite it being a girl's model. Elaine reluctantly gives it to him, but the next day, her neck pain returns worse than ever, so she demands the bike back. Kramer refuses. They appeal to Newman as a neutral third party to resolve the dispute. He declares that they should cut the bike in half, so Elaine and Kramer can both have it. Elaine scoffs at the proposal, whereas Kramer tells Newman to give the bike to Elaine, saying he would rather it belong to her than be destroyed. Newman gives the bike to Kramer, stating that the bike's true owner wouldn't want it destroyed.
Kramer starts keeping a record of what he takes from Jerry's fridge, asking Jerry to bill him. At the end of the week, the bill is more than he can pay, so he sells the bike to Newman. Finding Newman riding the bike on the street, Elaine tries to reclaim the bike by grabbing his scarf as he rides away.
George tells Susan that he wants to name his future firstborn child Seven (after Mickey Mantle's jersey number) but Susan finds the name ridiculous. When Susan tells her expectant cousin Carrie and her husband Ken about the argument, they love the name and decide to give it to their child. Feeling that the name will lose its appeal if it is not unique, George follows them to the hospital as Carrie is going into labor, to no avail trying to get them to switch to a different name.
Jerry is mystified that Christie is wearing the same dress every day he sees her. When he wrangles a visit to her apartment, he sees a 1992 photo of her wearing the same outfit. Consumed with curiosity, he starts rummaging through her closet looking for other outfits. She catches him and insists that he leave. The next day she breaks up with him over the phone, denying his pleas for an in-person breakup.

## Production

The man in the photo with Christie is episode co-writer Alec Berg.
Newman's means of determining the bike's rightful owner is based on the Judgment of Solomon, a Biblical story in which Solomon determined which of two women is the mother of a child.
The ending of the episode's George story was abbreviated during editing. Among the cuts were George telling the hospital staff that he is the father of Carrie's child so that he can fill out the paperwork which identifies the child's name, and a scene in which Jerry and Susan admire the infant Seven while George continues to brood.
# Dasylagon

Dasylagon is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There are at least two described species in Dasylagon.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Dasylagon:
* Dasylagon aegeriae Muesebeck, 1958 (Colombia)
* Dasylagon simulans Muesebeck, 1958 (Brazil and Honduras)
# Director of communications

Director of communications is a position in both the private and public sectors. A director of communications is responsible for managing and directing an organization's internal and external communications. Directors of communications supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesperson and media contact for the organization.
A director of communications may also be called a public relations manager, communications director, or press secretary.
The director of communications usually reports directly to a CxO, including a chief communications officer (CCO) or chief executive officer (CEO) of a company or organization.
In an organization, the director of communications directs the Communications Department. The director of communications may be assisted by a deputy director, clerical staff, and communications specialists and managers.

## Communications in politics
### United States

In United States politics, a director of communications is usually a senior aide to the president of the United States (White House Communications Director), a member of the House of Representatives, a senator, a judge, a candidate for political office, a Cabinet secretary, or a government department.

### United Kingdom and Canada

In Canada and the United Kingdom, a director of communications is a senior aide to members of Parliament, members of the House of Lords, the prime minister, Cabinet ministers, and government departments. The director of communications to the prime minister of the United Kingdom is Matthew Doyle.

### Philippines

In the Philippines, the director of communications usually falls to the Secretary of the Presidential Communications Office which is a member of the cabinet and attached solely to the president of the Philippines, responsible for communicating administration's messages and the executive branch of government. Current Secretary of the Presidential Communications Office is Cesar Chavez.

### Australia

In Australia, the director of communications is a senior adviser to the prime minister. They manage the prime minister's communications office including press secretaries and speechwriting staff.

### Nigeria

In Nigeria the director of communications or special adviser on communications is a senior aide to the president, vice-president, and senior members of the National Assembly.

### Spain

In Spain, the most senior official responsible for the government communication policy is the Secretary of State for Press (or "for Communication").
The Secretary of State depends from the Prime Minister and the Government Spokesperson.

### Council of Europe

In the Council of Europe, the director of communication plays a key role in the organization, directly supporting the work of the secretary general of the Council of Europe.
# Silvaspinosus

Silvaspinosus is a genus of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae. There is at last one described specie in Silvaspinosus, S. vespa, found in Madagascar.
# Dennis Daly

Dennis Daly (11 February 1911 – 22 May 1968) was a South African cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for Eastern Province from 1933/34 to 1935/36.
# Tatiana Sorina

Tatiana Andreyevna Sorina (Russian: Татьяна Андреевна Сорина, née Alyoshina; born 13 April 1994) is a Russian cross-country skier.

## Personal life

Sorina is married to Egor Sorin, coach of the Russian ski team. On 11 March 2020, she gave birth to a daughter. During maternity leave she skipped the 2019–20 FIS Cross-Country World Cup.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 1 medal – (1 gold)
| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2022 | 27 | 10 | 11 | 5 | — | Gold | — |

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 silver)
| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2021 | 26 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 21 | Silver | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | U23 | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final |
| 2017 | 22 | NC | — | NC | NC | — | — | — |
| 2018 | 23 | 79 | NC | 50 | — | — | — | — |
| 2019 | 24 | 85 | NC | 48 | — | 46 | — | — |
| 2021 | 26 | 5 | 8 | 14 | — | | 4 | — |
| 2022 | 27 | 15 | 12 | 31 | — | — | 6 | — |

#### Individual podiums

* 2 podiums – (1 WC, 1 SWC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2020–21 | 29 November 2020 | Rukatunturi, Finland | Overall Standings | World Cup | 2nd |
| 2 | 2021–22 | 31 December 2021 | Oberstdorf, Germany | 10 km Mass Start F | Stage World Cup | 3rd |

#### Team podiums

* 1 victory – (1 RL)
* 1 podium – (1 RL)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammates |
| 1 | 2021–22 | 5 December 2021 | Lillehammer, Norway | 4 × 5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 1st | Stupak / Nepryayeva / Stepanova |