OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation (South Africa)

The minister of science, technology and innovation is a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa. The office was re-established in June 2024. Between 2004 and 2019, the office was called the minister of science and technology. In prior periods, the science and technology portfolio was the provenance of the minister of higher education, science and technology (from 2019 to 2024) or of the minister of arts, culture, science and technology (before 2004).

## History

Until 28 April 2004, science and technology was the responsibility of the minister of arts, culture, science and technology. On 28 April 2004, announcing his second cabinet, President Thabo Mbeki birfucated that portfolio, creating the new minister of science and technology, alongside a minister of arts and culture.
When President Cyril Ramaphosa announced his second-term cabinet on 29 May 2019, he announced that the Ministry of Science and Technology would be absorbed by the Ministry of Higher Education and Training, creating the enlarged portfolio of the new minister of higher education, science and technology. However, Ramaphosa reversed the merger in his third cabinet, announced on 30 June 2024; the independent post was re-established, now called the minister of science, technology and innovation.

## List of ministers

List of ministers responsible for science and technology, 1994–present :
| Title | Minister | Term | Term | Party |
| Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology | Ben Ngubane | 1994 | 1996 | IFP |
| Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology | Lionel Mtshali | 1996 | 1999 | IFP |
| Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology | Ben Ngubane | 1999 | 2004 | IFP |
| Minister of Science and Technology | Mosibudi Mangena | 2004 | 2009 | AZAPO |
| Minister of Science and Technology | Naledi Pandor | 2009 | 2012 | ANC |
| Minister of Science and Technology | Derek Hanekom | 2012 | 2014 | ANC |
| Minister of Science and Technology | Naledi Pandor | 2014 | 2018 | ANC |
| Minister of Science and Technology | Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane | 2018 | 2019 | ANC |
| Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology | Blade Nzimande | 2019 | 2024 | ANC |
| Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation | Blade Nzimande | 2024 | – | ANC |
# Keisuke Izumi

Keisuke Izumi (泉 圭輔, Izumi Keisuke, born March 2, 1997) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball. He has previously played in NPB for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks.

## Professional career
### Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks

On October 25, 2018, Izumi was drafted by the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks in the 2018 Nippon Professional Baseball draft.
On April 16, 2019, Izumi debuted in the Pacific League against the Chiba Lotte Marines as a relief pitcher. And in the match against the Orix Buffaloes on April 22, he pitched as a relief pitcher and became his first Winning pitcher. In 2019 season, Izumi recorded with a 14 Games pitched, a 2–0 Win–loss record, a 1.96 ERA, a 3 Holds, a 18 strikeouts in 18.1 innings.
During the 2020 season, Izumi recorded 40 games pitched, a 0–1 win–loss record, a 2.08 ERA, an 8 Hold, and 28 strikeouts in 34.2 innings. In the 2020 Japan Series against the Yomiuri Giants, he was selected for the Japan Series roster.
In 2021 season, Izumi had a 16-game scoreless streak from the start of the season, but slowly lost his form and lost his chance to pitch in June. He finished the season with a record of 31 games pitched, a 0–2 Win–loss record, a 2.73 ERA, a 6 Holds, and a 30 strikeouts in 26.1 innings.
In 2022 season, he finished the regular season with a 30 Games pitched, a 0–2 Win–loss record, a 3.73 ERA, a 6 Holds, and a 25 strikeouts in 29 innings.
In 2023 season, Izumi only pitched in three games in the first league.

### Yomiuri Giants

On November 6, 2023, Izumi and Rei Takahashi were traded to the Yomiuri Giants in exchange for Adam Brett Walker.
# Nepali calendar

Nepali Patro can refer to:
* Vikram Samvat, the official calendar in Nepal
* Nepal Sambat, the ceremonial calendar in Nepal
# Rew

Rew or REW may refer to:

## People
### In the military

* Thomas Rew, United States Air Force
* R.E.W. Turner, Canadian Army

### In science

* George Campbell Rew, American chemist who co-invented Calumet baking powder
* R. Henry Rew, British agricultural statistician

### In sport

* Charles Rew, British rower
* Harvey Rew, English professional footballer
* Henry Rew, English rugby union player
* James Rew, English cricketer
* Kim Rew, South African sailor
* Quentin Rew, New Zealand race walker

### Other people

* Kate Rew, English journalist and author
* Kimberley Rew, English singer-songwriter
* Robert Rew, mayor of Rockford, Illinois, US from 1917 to 1921

## Places
### England

* Rew Down, a nature reserve on the Isle of Wight
* Rew Street, an Isle of Wight village
* Rewe, Devon

### United States

* Rew, Pennsylvania

## Technical abbreviations

* Rewind (disambiguation), in audiovisual media
* Rewrite (disambiguation), in copy editing

## Other uses

* Real Estate Weekly, an American property magazine
* Romanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch or the Romance Etymological Dictionary by Friedrich Christian Diez and revised by Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke
* Rew-Ardashir, a titular see in the Chaldean Catholic Church
* Ruby Eyed White, a variety of Angora rabbit
# I Came Out of the Eighteenth Century

I Came Out of the Eighteenth Century is the 1942 autobiography of educator John Andrew Rice.
# Macquarie Park railway station

Macquarie Park railway station is located on the Sydney Metro network, serving the suburb of Macquarie Park. It was formerly part of Sydney Trains' T1 Northern Line, before being converted to service the Metro North West & Bankstown Line.

## History

Macquarie Park station opened as part of the Epping to Chatswood Rail Link on 23 February 2009.
Macquarie Park station closed in September 2018 for seven months for conversion to service Sydney Metro network station on the Metro North West Line, which included the installation of platform screen doors. It reopened on 26 May 2019.

## Services

| Platform | Line | Stopping pattern | Notes |
| 1 | M1 | Services to Sydenham | |
| 2 | M1 | Services to Tallawong | |
Trackplan :
Legend :
There are currently 12 bus routes servicing Macquarie Park station operated by Busways, CDC NSW and Transit Systems, and one NightRide route.
# Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac

Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac (born February 6, 1972) is a former Canadian politician. She served as a member of Parliament for the Bloc Québécois in the riding of Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot from 2007 to 2011. She was the first Vietnamese Canadian ever elected to the Canadian House of Commons.

## Early life

Born in Vietnam to a Cham family, Thi Lac was adopted at age two by a Quebec family and grew up on a farm near Acton Vale.

## Career

Prior to her election, she worked for her predecessor, Yvan Loubier, as an executive assistant in his constituency office.

## Political career

She was elected to the House of Commons of Canada on September 17, 2007, as the Bloc Québécois candidate in the Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot by-election, defeating the Conservative candidate Bernard Barré.
She acknowledged that racism was a factor at the outset of her campaign, but stressed her local roots by joking that having grown up on a farm, she was the only candidate in the race who knew how to castrate a pig. She later credited her willingness to simply talk to people as her most effective strategy:
   I feel it enormously, but I explain my origins and people are receptive. I would say what scares people a little is difference, but when they speak to me, when they see me, when I am asked about my values, they see no difference between them and me.
She was re-elected in the 2008 election, but was defeated in the 2011 election by Marie-Claude Morin of the New Democratic Party.

## Electoral record

2008 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Bloc Québécois | Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac | 22,719 | 47.3% | +5.2 |
| | Conservative | René Vincelette | 10,203 | 21.2% | -16.0 |
| | New Democratic | Brigitte Sansoucy | 6,721 | 14.0% | +6.1 |
| | Liberal | Denise Tremblay | 6,638 | 13.8% | +6.4 |
| | Green | Jacques Tétreault | 1,771 | 3.7% | +0.0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 48,052 |
By-election on September 17, 2007 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Bloc Québécois | Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac | 13,443 | 42.1% | -13.9 |
| | Conservative | Bernard Barré | 11,965 | 37.5% | +12.7 |
| | New Democratic | Brigitte Sansoucy | 2,538 | 7.9% | +2.4 |
| | Liberal | Jean Caumartin | 2,379 | 7.4% | -2.4 |
| | Green | Jacques Tétreault | 1,169 | 3.7% | -0.2 |
| | Rhinoceros | Christian Willie Vanasse | 384 | 1.2% | |
| | Canadian Action | Michel St-Onge | 61 | 0.19% | |
| Total | Total | Total | 31,949 |
# Wilczków, Poddębice County

Wilczków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poddębice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Poddębice and 42 km (26 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Bell Mountain (Idaho)

Bell Mountain, at 11,612 feet (3,539 m) above sea level, is the second highest peak in the Lemhi Range of Idaho. The peak is the highest point in Lemhi County and located 0.2 mi (0.32 km) north of the border with Butte County. The peak is located on the border of Caribou-Targhee National Forest and Salmon-Challis National Forest. It is about 9.5 mi (15.3 km) northwest of Diamond Peak. It is the 37th highest peak in Idaho.
The peak is named after Robert Norman Bell.
# Spectromancer

Spectromancer (Russian: Спектромансер) is a computer game developed by Apus Software and Three Donkeys LLC. The game was released in October 2008. The expansions League of Heroes, Truth & Beauty, and Gathering of Power are upgrades to the game rather than stand-alone expansions and, were released in 2010, 2011, and 2013, respectively.
The game was developed by Magic: The Gathering creator Richard Garfield, Alexey Stankevich (creator of Astral Tournament and Astral Masters) and Skaff Elias. Spectromancer's gameplay revolves around a playing-card dynamic. In the single-player campaign, the player traverses a mythical world collecting various cards to use in duels. There is also an online arena, where a player can duel other players, and a high score list. Monthly online tournaments were hosted from February 2013 through June 2016, in which the best players of the game competed.
Unlike most collectible card games, players do not construct a deck before the game starts. Instead, at the beginning of each duel, each player is randomly given twenty cards, four from each of five elements. (The four classical elements, plus a fifth element of the player's choice.) These cards vary in mana cost and function. Each turn, the player gains one mana in each element, and may play a single card. Playing a card does not cause it to become "used"; there is no concept of a hand or a discard pile. The game ends once one player succeeds in bringing the other player's life total down to 0.
The free trial offers the full single player mode, and a limited online player versus player mode. The full, purchased version offers twelve classes as of 1.2, with their corresponding specialties.
In 2020, the developer released the game engine's source code under an open source software license, the BSD-license, on GitHub.
In 2022, the DRM code was removed from the Gathering of Power version of the game, along with some changes to make the game more accessible on modern computers.
# Coffee ice cream

Coffee ice cream is an ice cream flavor made with coffee or coffee flavoring.

## History

The earliest known appearance of the flavor was in 1869, when it was used in a coffee parfait. Many ice cream brands also combine coffee ice cream with other ingredients such as nuts, caramel or chocolate. A recipe for a similar dessert called egg coffee, consisting of cream, crushed ice, and coffee syrup, was printed in a 1919 cookbook. When Häagen-Dazs first launched in 1960, coffee was one of the three flavors that it offered, the other two being chocolate and vanilla.
Coffee is one of the most popular ice cream flavors in the United States. An Instacart evaluation from June 2022 to May 2023 found that it was the most popular flavor of ice cream in the states of Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Mexico and Rhode Island. A celebration known as National Coffee Ice Cream Day occurs annually on September 6.
# Dries Van Gestel

Dries Van Gestel (born 30 September 1994) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Soudal–Quick-Step.

## Major results
### 2012

    National Junior Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial
    1st Remouchamps–Ferrières–Remouchamps
    4th Overall Tour du Valromey
    5th Overall Keizer der Juniores
    8th Overall Peace Race Juniors

### 2014

    5th Overall Course de la Paix U23
    9th Overall Okolo Jižních Čech

### 2015

    2nd Gooikse Pijl
    3rd Overall Carpathian Couriers Race
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 2
    4th Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
    4th Paris–Tours Espoirs
    4th Flèche Ardennaise
    7th Memorial Van Coningsloo

### 2017 (1 pro win)

    2nd Overall Tour des Fjords
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stage 1
    8th Tour de l'Eurométropole
    9th Omloop Mandel-Leie-Schelde

### 2020

    9th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
    10th Le Samyn

### 2021

    8th Dwars door het Hageland
    10th Scheldeprijs

### 2022 (1)

    1st Ronde van Drenthe
    1st Sprints classification, Tour de Wallonie
    2nd Circuit Franco-Belge
    3rd Gent–Wevelgem
    3rd Druivenkoers Overijse
    4th Egmont Cycling Race
    5th Omloop van het Houtland
    6th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
    6th Paris–Tours
    6th Tour of Leuven
    7th Le Samyn
    7th Schaal Sels
    7th Binche–Chimay–Binche

### 2023

    5th Brussels Cycling Classic
    5th Binche–Chimay–Binche
    7th Famenne Ardenne Classic
    9th Circuit de Wallonie
    10th Antwerp Port Epic

### 2024

    3rd Grand Prix de Denain
    10th Bredene Koksijde Classic

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2023 |
| Giro d'Italia | — |
| Tour de France | — |
| Vuelta a España | 107 |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Image and Reality of the Israel–Palestine Conflict

Image and Reality of the Israel–Palestine Conflict is a 1995 book about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict by Norman G. Finkelstein. Finkelstein examines and scrutinizes popular historical versions of the conflict by authors such as Joan Peters, Benny Morris, Anita Shapira and Abba Eban. The text draws upon Finkelstein's doctoral political science work. The 2003 revised edition offers an additional appendix devoted to criticism of Michael Oren's 2002 bestseller Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East.
Finkelstein, expanding upon his doctorate thesis, writes that the modern Zionist historical tradition is based on a series of ideologically-charged systematic biases, all of which face considerable problems when measured up with the actual record in his view. For example, he specifically refers to the Palestinian exodus before Israeli independence and the purported causes. Finkelstein credits Zionist military aggression upon Palestinian villages and calls for a transfer of populations as driving Palestinian refugees out of their lands, rather than a voluntary exodus occurring mixed in with orders to leave from Arabic leaders and other factors as Israeli historians have written. He goes into detail on issues such as Israel's exploitation of water rights.
His book received praise from commentators critical of Israel such as Noam Chomsky and William B. Quandt. Positive reception appeared in publications such as Foreign Affairs, The Guardian and the London Review of Books.

## Reviews and reception

In a essay about several publications about Israel-Palestine for London Review of Books, politician Ian Gilmour wrote that the book served as "both an impressive analysis of Zionist ideology and a searing but scholarly indictment of Israel's treatment of the Arabs since 1948."
In another review essay on publications about the conflict, Rita J. Simon from American University gave it a mixed review in the Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. The 2001 Verso edition, she says, is the most comprehensive and the most virulent of the books she reviewed; while she says "Finkelstein's arguments ... are usually documented with data and scholarly arguments" and "is more than an emotional diatribe against Israel" she criticized it for letting the reader to believe that "Israelis are the Nazis of the 21st century", a notion that destroys "the scholarly integrity of their work".
William B. Quandt, in a short review in Foreign Affairs, praised the book as "required reading in the continuing war of the historians".
Endorsing the book for the publishers, historian Avi Shlaim said that the "book makes a major contribution to the study of the Arab-Israeli conflict which deserves to be widely read, especially in the United States”.
# Solar power in Yemen

Solar power in Yemen includes a 3 kW solar power plant with batteries being developed in Aden.
A company started by students developed solar fans and lamps which can provide light for 6 to 12 hours.
A desalination project has been proposed to provide fresh water to Sana'a. A concentrated solar power plant would produce 10,000 GWh/year, and about one third would be used to provide desalination, and the remainder would be used for pumping. The working fluid would be sea water.

## Power crisis

With the start of the Yemeni civil war, solar panels found their way into the country fast. On March 23, 2015, Sanaa experienced a major power outage. The Marib Power Plant, which supplies Yemeni cities with energy, went out of service. Consequently, the generator business flourished for awhile. However, due to the unstable conditions in Yemen, generators were not guaranteed to remain functional at all times because of increasing fuel prices and occasional lack of fuel. Yemenis were thus left with the option of solar energy.
# Malcolm Evans (cartoonist)

Malcolm Paul Evans (born 20 December 1945) is a New Zealand cartoonist residing in Auckland.
Up until September 2014, Evans' cartoons appeared daily in three major New Zealand newspapers, The Manawatu Standard, The Timaru Herald and The Christchurch Press. Evans still produces political cartoons for the Northland Age and still produces his Edna character, the ubiquitous farmer's wife, which has been running fortnightly since 1976 in New Zealand's largest farming newspaper Rural News. Evans also produces cartoons fortnightly for New Zealand Dairy News and Dairy News Australia, personal cartoon caricature commissions, and also sculpts and paints.
Having first worked for The New Zealand Herald in the 1970s, when he succeeded Sir Gordon Minhinnick, Evans was again its cartoonist for six years from 1997 until 2003 when those opposed to his pro-Palestinian cartoons, put pressure on the paper and, following Evans' subsequent refusal to stop drawing cartoon comments on Israeli treatment of Palestinians, he was subsequently fired. During his time at the New Zealand Herald he was twice judged New Zealand Cartoonist of the Year, a title he held at the time of his firing, along with that of President of the NZCIA - the New Zealand Cartoonists and Illustrators Association.
# Wilkowice, Poddębice County

Wilkowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Wartkowice, 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Poddębice, and 37 km (23 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Jamie Lee (Gaelic footballer)

Jamie Lee is a Gaelic football player for Limerick.
Lee takes the frees for Limerick. His father, Billy Lee, was the manager when he played for Limerick. He also takes frees for his club, Newcastle West. He went to Australia in 2020.
# John Henry Matthews Robson

John Henry Matthews Robson CBE (8 May 1870 – 1945) was a British colonial administrator and founder of the Malay Mail newspaper, the first daily newspaper to be published in the Federated Malay States.

## Early life

Robson was born on 8 May 1870, the eldest son of Rev Robson of Guildford, Surrey, and was educated at Christ's College, Finchley.

## Career

In 1889, Robson went to Ceylon to work as a trainee on a tea estate but left the same year and entered the service of the Selangor government. For the next seven years, he occupied various positions including as officer in charge of Rawang and Sepang districts, as District Officer of Klang and Ulu Langat districts, and as Collector of Land Revenue and Registrar of Titles at Kuala Lumpur.
In 1896, Robson resigned as a government official and founded the Malay Mail, the first daily newspaper to be published in the Federated Malay States. He had had some previous experience in journalism having co-founded and contributed to the short-lived Selangor Journal (1892 to 1897). He was assisted in the beginning by the editor of the Straits Times, Arnot Reid, who purchased the plant and machinery for him, and provided advice and assistance.
The newspaper began as a four-page, hand-printed publication, with an initial circulation of a few hundred, and was created in a small shop-house in Kuala Lumpur. Robson, who was joint proprietor, personally ran the newspaper, whilst his partner, who was a British government official, had no involvement in the management. In 1901, he incorporated the newspaper as Malay Mail Press Co., Ltd. with an initial capital of $15,000, and became its managing director whilst continuing to assist with its editing.
Whilst head of the Malay Mail, he also served on numerous boards and committees including the Kuala Lumpur Sanitary Board, and as a founder member of the Federal Council where he served from 1909 to 1918. On the occasion of the newspaper's golden jubilee in 1947 Edward Gent, Governor of the Malayan Union unveiled a tablet in his honour as founder.

## Publications

People in a Native State, Selangor Laws (1896), and Records and Recollections 1889-1934 (1934).

## Personal life and death

Robson married Theodora Sayers in 1921 and they had two daughters, and a son who died whilst fighting in World War Two.
Robson died as a prisoner of war in 1945 having been incarcerated by the Japanese army in Singapore.

## Honours and legacy

Robson was awarded the CBE in 1926. Jalan Robson and Robson Heights in Kuala Lumpur were named after him.
# Bell Mountain (Riverside County, California)

Bell Mountain is a mountain in the Paloma Valley in Menifee in Riverside County, California.