OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emblem of Andhra Pradesh

The Emblem of Andhra Pradesh serves as the official state emblem of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

## History

In 1956, after the formation of the Andhra Pradesh, colloquially referred to as United Andhra Pradesh, the Government of Andhra Pradesh embraced a Poorna Kalasam, a ceremonial metal vessel characterized by its broad base and narrow neck which serves as a sacred ornament adorning the Amaravati Stupa along with an Ashoka Chakra and the four lion heads as its official emblem on the occasion of the 2,500th Buddha's Birthday. It depicts a sun radiant charged with a treasure vase, placed within an ornamented circular frame. In the base, the crest of the Republic of India and the motto of India Satyameva Jayate in Devanagari are shown. Government of Andhra Pradesh, the name of the state, is repeated in Telugu and Hindi.
* Poorna Kalasam
* Dharma Chakra

## Current design

The Government of Andhra Pradesh finalized its new emblem for official use on 14 November 2018, four years after the state bifurcation in 2014. The N. Chandrababu Naidu led government issued a notification announcing the adoption of a new state emblem inspired by the Amravati School of Art. The emblem features Dhamma Chakka, the wheel of law which is embellished with a ring of Triratna, a symbol representing the three jewels of Buddhism. The wheel is decorated with pinnate leaves and precious stones. The hub of the Dhamma Chakka is adorned with three circles of decorative beads, arranged in ascending order of numbers: 48 in the inner circle, 118 in the middle circle and 148 in the outer circle. At the center lies the Poorna Kalasam, also known as the vase of plenty which is embellished with a four banded garland on its main body, along with medallions and tassels. There is a braid around the thin neck and a flaring mouth, surrounding with text in Telugu, English and Hindi. The official release also stated that the emblem should never be reduced to a size of less than 24 mm in height. Soorisetty Anjineyulu, a drawing master from Nellore is the creator of the emblem, which was selected from among 300 emblems that were submitted.

### Usage

The multi coloured version of the emblem is authorized for use by the Chief Minister, the Council of Ministers, the Chief Secretary, Secretaries, the Advocate General, all Heads of Departments (HoDs), District Collectors and District Magistrates. Conversely, the blue coloured version of the emblem is reserved for use by all District HoDs and Secretariat mid level officers or their equivalents in the state.
* Poorna Kalasam from Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh.
* Relief detail on Amaravati Stupa with the symbol of Puna Ghataka.
* Sculpture depicting the Dharma Chakra in the Museum of Amaravathi

## Government banner

The Government of Andhra Pradesh can be represented by a banner displaying the emblem of the state on a white field.
* Banner from 1956 to 2018
* Banner since 2018
# Chrysorthenches drosochalca

Chrysorthenches drosochalca is a species of moth in the family Plutellidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1905. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been found in the North and South Islands. The larvae are leaf miners of Prumnopitys ferruginea. Adults are on the wing from January to March.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1905 using specimens collected at Otira Gorge and Wellington and named Orthenches drosochalca. George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand. In 1996 J. S. Dugdale placed this species in the genus Chrysorthenches. The male lectotype, collected by George Hudson in Wellington, is held at the Natural History Museum, London.

## Description

Hudson described the larva and pupa of this species as follows:
   The larva ... is about 1⁄4 inch in length, cylindrical tapering at each end with the segmental divisions deeply excised, uniform dark green and shining. The pupa is enclosed in a small oval cocoon fastened to a fern frond.
Meyrick described the adults of this species as follows:
   ♂♀. 11mm. Head and thorax leaden-grey. Palpi dark fuscous, inwardly and towards base white, terminal joint half as long again as second (1+1⁄2). Antennae dark fuscous, ringed with white. Abdomen grey, towards base pale ochreous, apex in ♂ whitish. Fore-wings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex pointed, termen sinuate, rather strongly oblique, rounded beneath; 7 to termen; shining coppery-bronze; four oblique fasciae of white irroration, first slender, second antemedian, broader, third angulated, considerably enlarged towards costa, fourth forming an apical patch extended along termen; a spot on base of costa, an interrupted streak along submedian fold, and a spot above middle of disc purple; a dark fuscous-purple transverse mark in disc at 2⁄3, in third fascia : cilia light grey, above apex spotted basally with purplish. Hind-wings ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, termen sinuate; light grey, darker posteriorly; cilia whitish-grey.
This species is variable in size and in the intensity of the ground colour of the forewings. It can be distinguished from similar appearing species as its forewings have very scattered white scales as well as a more brassy foreground colour.

## Distribution

C. drosochalca is endemic to New Zealand. It has been observed in both the North and South Islands.

## Behaviour

The larvae feed in January. Adults are on the wing from January until March. The species has been collected by beating Prumnopitys ferruginea. When resting the forewings are closed giving the moth the appearance of a cylinder. Both the larvae and the adult moth appear to overwinter.

## Hosts

The larval host of this species is Prumnopitys ferruginea with the larvae of C. drosochaica mining the leaves of its host.

## DNA analysis

In 2020 this species along with the other species in the genus Chrysorthenches had their morphological characters studied.
# Panwar

Pawar (पवार) Panwar (पंवार) Ponwar (पोंवार) Por (पोर) Paur (पौर) Pauria (पौरिया) Poria (पोरिया) Sai Panwar Sai Panwar (पनवार)/Powar (पोवार) is Gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh in India. They are found in Pakistan as well as Ponwar/Puar clan is found in Afghanistan also.

## Origin

Panwar originated from The Mahabharata Tribe - Pachar or Pachehra.Other historians consider Paramaras to be the ancestors of Panwar. At the Time of Alexander’s raid into India, he faught against the Puru tribe. The leader of Puru tribe was Porus. There is a reference of “ Porus’ in the Greek accounts. The name of clan of Porus was Puru, and now Puru is found amoung the Jats as panwar, Puru, Pawar, Parmar, Paur, Por, Paurava or Pauria, or Paurya as a gotra name.The kings of Malwa or Ujain who reigned at Dhar and flourished from the ninth to the twelfth centuries were of the Panwar clan.It is stated in mediaval history that the Panwar ruled over a large area consisting of nine castles including the ‘Region of death’, the name given to the great dessert of Thar which extended from Sind to the Aravalli mountains and from the great salt lakes to the skirting of Garah. These castles were Abu, Nundore, Umarkot, Arore, and Lodorva etc. Mr. Crooke states that the expulsion of the Panwars from Ujjain under their leader Mitra Sen is ascribed to the attack of the Muhamaddans under Shahab-ud-din Ghori about AD 1190. After this they spread to Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, where they are known as Pawar (Sivaji was a Puar)and so is the Nimbhalkar tribe.

## Panwar (पंवार) Khap

Panwar Khap in Bagpat district has 5 villages at the same place. These are Kakripur (ककड़ीपुर), Ailum (ऐलम) , Nala (नाला) , Bharsi (भारसी) and Bhaneda (भनेडा). The other villages are Edarishpur (ईदरिशपुर), Daughat (दौघट). There is considerable Panwar population in villages Sabka and Bhainswal in district Shamli. These Panwars have brotherhood relations with the Chauhan vanshi Lakda khap villages Ramala, Asara, Kirthal, Lumba and Tugana. Inter-marriages within these clans is prohibited.
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# Wielgomłyny-Kolonia

Wielgomłyny-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielgomłyny, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 23 km (14 mi) east of Radomsko and 88 km (55 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Language, Meaning and Context

Language, Meaning and Context is a 1981 book by Sir John Lyons in which the author tries to outline the state of play in semantics.

## Reception

The book was reviewed by Goran Hammarstrom, Rajendra Singh and Jaime Bernal Leongomez.
# Magda Hellinger

Magda Hellinger was a Jewish woman. During World War II as a prisoner in a leadership role in Auschwitz-Birkenau, she saved dozens of women from certain death.
Hellinger was born in eastern Czechoslovakia to a father who taught Jewish history and German. He imparted his skills in German on his daughter, which she would put to use in Auschwitz. Interested in Zionism from an early age, she joined a Zionist youth organization, and worked as a kindergarten teacher.
Hellinger died in 2006 at age 89 a few years after she had self-published her memoir and had given testimony, which was taped on a few occasions. After her death, her daughter Maya Lee (with the help of a co-writer, David Brewster) added to that memoir after doing more research. She published The Nazis Knew My Name in 2022.
# Starfire Firebolt

The Starfire Firebolt, sometimes called the Starfire Firebolt Convertible, due to its removable canopy, is an American homebuilt aerobatic biplane that was designed by G. H. "Mac" McKenzie and produced by Starfire Aviation of Tempe, Arizona. When it was available the aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction, with some pre-fabricated parts available.

## Design and development

The Firebolt was developed from the Steen Skybolt and features a biplane layout with interplane struts, cabane struts and flying wires, a two-seats-in-tandem open, or optionally, enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy that slides back, fixed conventional landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.
The aircraft is made of mixed construction, with a welded steel tubing, aluminum and wooden structure, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its 24.00 ft (7.3 m) span wing employs a NACA 63A015/0012 airfoil and has a wing area of 150.0 sq ft (13.94 m$^2$). The cockpit width is 29 in (74 cm). The acceptable power range is 180 to 300 hp (134 to 224 kW) and the standard engine used is the 300 hp (224 kW) Lycoming IO-540 powerplant. With that engine the aircraft has a cruise speed of 202 mph (325 km/h) and an initial climb rate of 4,000 ft/min (20 m/s).
The Firebolt has a typical empty weight of 1,325 lb (601 kg) and a gross weight of 2,000 lb (910 kg), giving a useful load of 675 lb (306 kg). With full fuel of 39 U.S. gallons (150 L; 32 imp gal) the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is 441 lb (200 kg).
The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off with a 300 hp (224 kW) engine is 400 ft (122 m) and the landing roll is 800 ft (244 m).
The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied plans as 3000 hours.

## Operational history

By 1998 the company reported that six aircraft were completed and flying.
In March 2014 eight examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, although a total of nine had been registered at one time.

## Specifications (Firebolt)

Data from AeroCrafter, All-Aero and The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 21 ft 3 in (6.48 m)
* Wingspan: 24 ft 0 in (7.32 m)
* Height: 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m)
* Wing area: 150.0 sq ft (13.94 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: NACA 63A015/0012
* Empty weight: 1,325 lb (601 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,000 lb (907 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 39 U.S. gallons (150 L; 32 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming IO-540 six cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke aircraft engine, 300 hp (220 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed constant speed propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 235 mph (378 km/h, 204 kn)
* Cruise speed: 202 mph (325 km/h, 176 kn)
* Stall speed: 62 mph (100 km/h, 54 kn)
* Range: 500 mi (800 km, 430 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 18,000 ft (5,500 m)
* Rate of climb: 4,000 ft/min (20 m/s)
* Wing loading: 13.3 lb/sq ft (65 kg/m$^2$)
# Cotesia glomerata

Cotesia glomerata, the white butterfly parasite, is a small parasitoid wasp belonging to family Braconidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 publication 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

## Description

The adults of Cotesia glomerata can reach a length of 3–7 millimetres (0.12–0.28 in). This small braconid wasp is black, with two pairs of wings. It can parasitize a wide range of Pieris butterfly species as host, but the large white (Pieris brassicae) and small white (Pieris rapae) are the main hosts. The adults feed on nectar.

## Life cycle

After hatching from the pupae, females mate almost immediately and begin laying eggs. The eggs are laid in the larvae of butterflies known as caterpillars, where the C. glomerata larvae develop; multiple eggs numbering between 16–52 are deposited in each caterpillar. After 15 to 20 days the larvae emerge, usually killing the parasitised caterpillar. These newly emerged larvae spin cocoons in a cluster on or nearby the host caterpillar; after 7 to 10 days the imago adult wasps hatch from these cocoons. Males typically emerge before females and disperse from the area. Overall, it takes between 22 and 30 days for an egg to develop to full adulthood.
Cotesia glomerata is in turn parasitized by the hyperparasite wasps Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis.

## Distribution

This species is present in most of Europe, in the Afrotropical realm, the Australasian realm, the Nearctic realm, and the Neotropical realm.
# Robin Briant

Robin Helen Briant CBE (born 1939) is a New Zealand doctor and clinical pharmacologist. In 1994 she was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for services to the medical profession. She was awarded a New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal and a New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal.

## Early life and education

Briant was born in Gisborne and grew up on a farm in Patutahi, as one of five children of Amy Helen and Stanley Daynton Briant. She attended Patutahi Primary School and Iona College in Havelock North. Briant graduated from high school in 1957 and worked as a laboratory technician for several years. Briant gained her medical degree at the University of Otago in 1965, and then worked as a house surgeon and a locum GP in Auckland. She passed her exams for the Royal Australasian College of Physicians at the beginning of 1969 and travelled to England, where she gained membership with the Royal College of Physicians. She was then offered a Wellcome Trust-funded research position with a registrar attachment at Hammersmith Hospital, under research pharmacologist Colin Dollery. Briant completed a Doctor of Medicine degree through Otago in 1974.

## Medical career

Returning to New Zealand after four years in England, Briant worked as a physician at Auckland Hospital, specialising in hypertension, and taught clinical pharmacology. Briant had been in England while abortion was liberalised, and also had become more aware of the women's rights movement. She volunteered at the Auckland Medical Aid Centre, providing abortion services, and became involved in the Medical Women's Association. In 1979 she spent time volunteering for World Vision in Thailand.
From 1987 to 1991 she was chair of the organisation International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. Briant was chair of the New Zealand Medical Council from 1991, and stepped down from the Medical Council in 1996. She resigned from the university around 1997, and from Auckland Hospital in 1999. She worked for Medicines Sans Frontieres in the West Bank and the Gaza strip, in Abkhazia and in Pakistan. Moving to Wainui Beach in 2006, Briant worked as a physician at Gisborne Hospital and in diabetes and palliative care. She provides locum cover at Hospice Tairāwhiti.

## Honours and awards

In 1990 Briant was awarded a New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. Commemoration Medals were awarded in recognition of the contribution recipients had made to some aspect of New Zealand life. In 1993 Briant was awarded a New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal. Suffrage Medals were awarded to people who had made a significant contribution to women's rights or women's issues in New Zealand.
In 1994 Briant was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for services to the medical profession.
# South Main Arts District, Memphis

The South Main Arts District in Memphis, Tennessee makes up the southern portion of Downtown Memphis. It is located along South Main Street and is within the South Main Street Historic District.

## Attractions
### Points of historical interest

Many great points of historical interest in Memphis reside in this area. One is the National Civil Rights Museum. The others include the Blues Hall of Fame and the historic restaurant the Arcade, located on the south corner of South Main and G.E. Patterson. It is the oldest coffee shop and one of the oldest family owned restaurants in Memphis. Elvis used to hang out at the Arcade and it has become a favorite among filmmakers; several movies have had scenes filmed at the diner-styled restaurant.

### Art Trolley tour

On the last Friday of each month, an event called "Trolley Night" is put on by the South Main Association, as well as owners of the South Main businesses and art galleries. From 6-9 pm, this includes free MATA trolley service up and down Main Street, open art galleries, and longer hours for most area shops and restaurants.

### Locations and buildings

Several notable locations and buildings are located in the South Main district.
* National Civil Rights Museum
* Central Station

## Films

The South Main district has been featured in many films, sometimes as just background scenery in Memphis, sometimes masquerading as an older version of Beale Street.
Some of the films featuring scenes from the South Main district are:
* The Firm — Tom Cruise and the FBI meet at The Arcade Restaurant.
* 21 Grams
* Hustle & Flow
* Walk the Line — The scenes shown on "Beale Street" are actually South Main, somewhat dressed up and slightly CGI enhanced.
* Black Snake Moan — While most of the movie was shot in the Pyramid, several scenes were shot on South Main as well.
* My Blueberry Nights — Filmed inside Ernestine and Hazel's and the Arcade Restaurant, as well as several exterior shots along South Main and G.E. Patterson.
* Nothing But the Truth — Scenes were shot at the Arcade Restaurant (which is transformed via green screen special effects into a Washington eatery).
* Mystery Train — Not only shot in Memphis, but the front entrance of the Arcade Restaurant is depicted on the movie poster.
* Great Balls of Fire
* Elizabethtown — Scenes shown in the National Civil Rights Museum, Ernestine and Hazel's, and the Arcade Restaurant.
* Lovely By Surprise — Scene filmed in the Arcade Restaurant.
* The Client
# Aniekan Umanah

Aniekan John Umanah is a Nigerian politician. He was a member representing Abak/Etim Ekpo/Ika Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives. He was born in 1968 and hails from Akwa Ibom State. He succeeded Emmanuel Bartholomew Ekon and was elected in 2019 to the National Assembly. He lost the bid for a second term in the 2023 elections to his rival Clement Jimbo of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
# Hal Wirths

Harold J. Wirths (born April 5, 1965) is an American Republican politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2018 to 2024, representing the 24th Legislative District. He previously served as Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development from May 24, 2010 to August 1, 2016, appointed by former Governor Chris Christie in 2010.

## Early life

Wirths is the adopted son of Wallace R. Wirths (1921–2002), a former Westinghouse executive, author, newspaper columnist and radio commentator, who was a benefactor of Upsala College in East Orange, New Jersey (now defunct), from which Wirths would go on to graduate with an associates degree in business.
Wirths was a small business owner in Sussex County in northwestern New Jersey, owning and managing furniture stores located near Hamburg, New Jersey. He also helped to establish Noble Community Bank, which today is part of Highlands State Bank, and he served on the Highlands Bank board of directors. Wirths resides in Wantage Township, New Jersey with his wife and two daughters.

## Sussex County Board of Chosen Freeholders

Wirths ran for Sussex County's Board of Chosen Freeholders as a Republican and served as a freeholder for nearly a decade from 2000 to 2010. He resigned from that post to become Labor Commissioner and was succeeded as Freeholder by Parker Space.

## Labor Commissioner

Chris Christie nominated Wirths to be the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development (2010-2016) and was sworn in on May 24, 2010. One of his focuses as commissioner, was to modernize the state's unemployment insurance benefits system and reducing waste attributed to benefits fraud. He served on the boards of several state government commissions and authorities, including the New Jersey Economic Development Authority, New Jersey State Ethics Commission, New Jersey State Employment and Training Commission, and the Fort Monmouth Economic Revitalization Authority.
Under the leadership of Commissioner Wirths, the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development launched an employer-focused approach to reshape the state's workforce development and training programs.

## New Jersey Assembly

In 2017, he ran for the New Jersey General Assembly in the 24th Legislative District, bracketed with Parker Space and won election with 30,028 votes (27.91% of the ballots cast).

## Electoral history
### New Jersey Assembly

2017 General Assembly election for New Jersey's 24th District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Parker Space (Incumbent) | 33,873 | 30.7 | 4.3 |
| | Republican | Harold J. Wirths | 30,820 | 27.9 | 5.4 |
| | Democratic | Kate Matteson | 22,456 | 20.3 | 6.4 |
| | Democratic | Gina Trish | 20,200 | 18.3 | 4.8 |
| | Green | Aaron Hyndman | 1,568 | 1.4 | N/A |
| | Green | Kenny Collins | 1,518 | 1.4 | 2.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | '110,435' | '100.0' | |
# Lasseter's Last Ride

Lasseter's Last Ride is an Australian book by Ion Idriess.
It was his first best seller, selling more than 90,000 copies in Australia.
There were five different editions of it. It tells the story of Harold Bell Lasseter and Lasseter's Reef.