# Tienen

Tienen (Dutch pronunciation: ; French: Tirlemont) is a city and municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises Tienen itself and the towns of Bost, Goetsenhoven, Hakendover, Kumtich, Oorbeek, Oplinter, Sint-Margriete-Houtem and Vissenaken.
On 1 January 2017, Tienen had a total population of 34,365. The total area is 71.77 km$^2$ (27.71 sq mi), which gives a population density of 444 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,150/sq mi).

## History

Tienen was once a Roman settlement and trade center with roads to other important places. In the early Middle Ages, the town was probably ruled by an old German family Thienen.
During the 1635 to 1659 Franco-Spanish War, Tienen was part of the Spanish Netherlands and was captured by a combined Franco-Dutch army in May 1635. Its capture resulted in one of the most serious atrocities of the Dutch Revolt; the town was sacked, over 200 civilians killed and many buildings damaged, including Catholic churches and monasteries. This ended Dutch prospects of winning over the predominantly Catholic population of the Southern Netherlands.
After the 1714 Treaty of Utrecht, the town was incorporated into the Austrian Netherlands; in the French Revolutionary Wars, it was used as a base by French Republican General Charles François Dumouriez during the Battle of Neerwinden. On 16 March 1793, the French repulsed an Austrian army commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg. This was the last victory for the veteran Dumouriez, hero of Valmy and Jemappes; within a week, his army suffered such catastrophic defeats that he defected to the French Royalists.

## Economy

Tienen is the centre of sugar production in Belgium; a huge sugar beet processing factory, the Sugar refinery of Tienen (Tiense Suikerraffinaderij - Raffinerie Tirlemontoise), is located at the eastern edge of the town. It is the site of facilities owned by Citrique Belge, that produces citric acid, and Havells Sylvania, a manufacturer of energy saving lamps.

## Culture and significant landmarks

Tienen is the location of a summer rock festival known as 'Suikerrock'.
The Sint-Germanus (St. Germain) Church dates from the 12th century and has an altarpiece by the 19th-century painter Gustaaf Wappers. Its belfry has earned that complex a designation on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list of Belfries of Belgium and France.
The principal church, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Poel (Our Lady of the Pool), was begun in the 12th and enlarged in the 15th century; it remains unfinished.
* Sint-Germanus Church
* Het Toreke museum
* Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Poel

## Transport

The town is served by Tienen railway station, the oldest in Belgium still in use. There are also some taxi companies.

## Notable inhabitants

* Beatrijs of Nazareth (1200–1268), Flemish mystic
* André Vandewyer (1909–1992), Belgian footballer and coach
* Matthias Vanden Gheyn (1721–1785), composer, organist, and carillonist
* Linguist Herman Liebaers (1919–2010), was born in Tienen.
* Louis Michel (b. 1947), politician
* Luc van Acker (b. 1961), Belgian musician and producer
* Xandee, Belgian singer who represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004

## International relations
### Twin towns—Sister cities

Tienen is twinned with:
* Bielsko-Biała, Poland