OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1876 in Iceland

Events in the year 1876 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian IX
* Minister for Iceland: Johannes Nellemann

## Events

* Frederik Johnstrup led an expedition to Iceland to study Askja and the volcanoes at Mývatn with Þorvaldur Thoroddsen (1855–1921) as his guide.

## Births

* 4 March − Ásgrímur Jónsson, painter
* 10 March − Edvard Eriksen, sculptor
# José Mario Wong

José Mario Wong Pérez (25 November 1951 – 15 September 2015) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In the 2003 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the first district of Chihuahua during the 59th Congress (2003–2006). He had previously served as municipal president of Nuevo Casas Grandes in 1998–2001.
# Charles-Christophe Malhiot

Charles-Christophe Malhiot (October 11, 1808 – November 9, 1874) was a medical doctor and a member of the Senate of Canada from 1867 until his death.
He was born in Verchères in Lower Canada, the son of François-Xavier Malhiot, the seigneur of Verchères. He studied medicine and settled at Yamachiche. In 1835, he married Julie-Éliza Montour, the daughter of Nicholas Montour, Seigneur of Pointe-du-Lac. He was mayor of Pointe-du-Lac from 1859 to 1864. In 1862, he was elected for a six-year term to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada representing Shawinigan. After Confederation, he was appointed to the Senate as a member of the Liberal Party.
He died at Pointe-du-Lac in 1874.
# Ignacio Loyola Vera

Ignacio Loyola Vera (born 10 September 1954) is a Mexican politician. A member of the National Action Party (PAN), he served as Governor of Querétaro from 1 October 1997 to 30 September 2003.

## Career

Born in Santiago de Querétaro, Loyola obtained a B.Sc. in Agricultural Engineering and Zootechnology at the ITESM. Before politics he was the director of his own agricultural business, an advisor to COPARMEX (1992–1994), vice-president of the Society of Agricultural Engineers and Parasitologists (1993–1995), advisor to CANACO (1994–1996) and director of COPARMEX in Querétaro (1996).
With no previous political experience, he ran for the governorship of Querétaro in 1997. In a surprising victory he defeated Fernando Ortiz Arana of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He approved the construction of the new international airport, which began in 2002 and was inaugurated in 2004 by his successor. During his term, he accomplished the construction of the International Airport of Querétaro, The Ecocentro Expositor, The Cultural Center Gómez Morín, and the Hospital del Niño y la Mujer, among others. Querétaro also improved in different veins such as tourism, employment, security, Economic Development and less corruption.
In 2001, when the political group denominated "zapatistas" organized a march through several sections of the country until they reached the Mexican capital, Loyola confronted subcommander Marcos, making notice of whether or not the EZLN was worthy of being called an army.
* Advisor to the SCT, prepared studies for the high-speed train project from Mexico City to Guadalajara
* He served as Federal Attorney of Environmental Protection under President Felipe Calderón from December 2006 to January 2008.
* Elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Querétaro's third district in 2021.
# Dutch process cocoa

Dutch processed cocoa, Dutched cocoa, or alkalized cocoa, is cocoa solids that have been treated with an alkalizing agent to reduce the natural acidity of cocoa, giving it a less bitter taste (and darker colour) compared to "natural cocoa" extracted with the Broma process. It forms the basis for much of modern chocolate, and is used in ice cream, hot chocolate, and baking.
Alkalizing agents employed vary, but include potassium carbonate (E501), sodium carbonate (E500), and/or sodium hydroxide (E525).
Dutching greatly reduces the levels of certain phytochemicals in cocoa.

## History

The Dutch process was developed in the early 19th century by Dutch chocolate maker Coenraad Johannes van Houten, whose father Casparus was responsible for the development of the method of removing fat from cocoa beans by hydraulic press around 1828, forming the basis for cocoa powder. These developments greatly expanded the use of cocoa, and reduced the oiliness that was previously associated with cocoa.

## Colour

The quantity of alkalizing agent is not specified on the ingredients on cocoa powder. However, this may be estimated by comparing the brown shades between different products. Higher quantities of alkalizing agents will produce cocoa that is darker than cocoa with lower quantities.

## Cooking properties

Dutch processed cocoa has a neutral pH, and is not acidic like natural cocoa, so in recipes that use sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) as the leavening agent (which relies on the acidity of the cocoa to activate it), an acid must be added to the recipe, such as cream of tartar or the use of buttermilk instead of fresh milk. There is no need to add acidity when Dutch processed cocoa is used in recipes that use baking powder instead of soda for leavening.

## Reduction of phytochemicals
### Caffeine

Dutched cocoa contains 3 times less caffeine:
* 100 grams unsweetened cocoa powder processed with alkali contains 78 mg.
* 100 grams unsweetened cocoa powder without alkali (un-dutched) contains 230 mg.

### Antioxidants and flavonols

Compared to other processes, Dutch process cocoa contains lower amounts of flavonols (antioxidants). The effect this has on nutritional value is disputed. Professor Irmgard Bitsch of the Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen claims that the reduction of antioxidants due to the process is not significant and enough polyphenols and procyanidins remain in the cocoa. One study determined that 60% of natural cocoa's original antioxidants were destroyed by light dutching and 90% were destroyed by heavy dutching. Natural cocoa has such high levels of antioxidants that even a 60% reduction leaves it high on the list of antioxidant-rich foods.
# Subhani Hassimdeen

Subhani Hassimdeen (died 25 November 2023) was a Sri Lankan footballer and coach. He was considered as one of the finest players to have played for Sri Lanka national football team at international level. He was considered as one of the go-to reliable strikers during the time frame between 1965 and 1975.

## Biography

He was born in a family of four brothers. He pursued his primary education at Zahira College. He went onto represent Zahira College in both athletics and football. He was born in a family of sports background as three of his brothers also played football representing Sri Lanka. The Hassimdeen family had four brothers - Naheem Hassimdeen, Muzzamil Hassimdeen and Farook Hassimdeen who went onto play top flight football at international level from 1951 to 1986 for record 35 successive years.

## Career

He donned the Sri Lanka national team jersey in 1965. He played a vital pivotal role in helping Sri Lanka to secure runners-up finish at the 1968 Agha Khan Gold Cup. He also captained the national side in 1972 at several international tournaments in Malaysia, Singapore and India. He was also a key member of Sri Lanka's famous tours to countries such as Israel, West Germany, England and Iran with his brother Muzammil Hassimdeen. He was also instrumental in assisting Sri Lanka to win the 1970 Southern Quadrangular Football Tournament.
His final international appearance in Sri Lankan colours came during the 1975 Vittal Memorial Trophy Tournament which was held in Tamil Nadu. He scored a match winning goal in the semi-finals of the 1975 Vittal Memorial Trophy Tournament which propelled Sri Lanka to the final. He also played club football playing against the top league foreign clubs including the likes of Nuremberg FC, Essen FC, Pallenberg, Manchester FC, Moscow Dynamo, Dallas Tornados and Macabi FC.
After his retirement from playing career, he transformed into a full-time coach. He was the chief selector at the national level in 1988. He served as a member of the England Coaches Association from 2001 to 2004. He also followed many coaching courses conducted by FIFA and Asian Football Council.
He was also a guest writer for The Sunday Times newspaper, where he contributed as a football columnist for several years until his health conditions deteriorated due to the age factor.

## Death

He died on 25 November 2023 at the age of 77. His funeral was held on 25 November 2023 at the Jawatte Burial Ground in Colombo.
# 1878 in Iceland

Events in the year 1878 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian IX
* Minister for Iceland: Johannes Nellemann

## Events

* The original Reykjanesviti structure was constructed.
* 1878 – Krakatindur east of Hekla erupts. (Part of the East volcanic zone (EVZ))
# Lorena Corona Valdés

Lorena Corona Valdés (born 16 December 1972) is a Mexican politician from the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. She serves as a federal deputy to the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Durango and the first electoral region.

## Life

Corona received her law degree from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) in 1997 and worked primarily as a communications lawyer. Between 2001 and 2006, she was the legal director of Televisa Radio (Sistema Radiópolis, S.A. de C.V.); during this time, she obtained graduate degrees in intellectual property law and in operating broadcasting companies, and she was also named by Vicente Fox to serve on the Federal Telecommunications Commission. After she left Televisa Radio, she worked at Ecija Abogados from 2006 to 2007 and at Legal Media Advisers from 2007 to 2008.
From 2009 to 2012, Corona spent her first term in the Chamber of Deputies for the LXI Legislature, where she sat on the Public Education and Educational Services Commission as well as those dealing with Government and National Defense. She returned to the chamber in 2015, again as a proportional representation deputy; she sits on the Economy, Constitutional Points, and Culture and Film Commissions.
# François-Xavier Malhiot

François-Xavier Malhiot (December 4, 1781 – June 12, 1854) was a merchant, seigneur and political figure in Lower Canada.

## Life

Malhiot was born François-Xavier-Amable Malhiot at Verchères, Quebec in 1781, the son of François Malhiot. Malhiot joined the Royal Canadian Volunteer Regiment as an officer and later became a lieutenant-colonel in the militia, serving during the War of 1812. In 1804, with one of his brothers, he took over the family business. In 1805, he married Julie Laperière and inherited land in the seigneury of Contrecoeur after the death of his father-in-law in 1807; he became principal seigneur in 1818. In 1814, he purchased land in the seigneury of Saint-Ours.
Malhiot was elected to represent Richelieu in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in an 1815 by-election held after an earlier election was declared invalid. In 1828, he was elected for Surrey in a by-election held after Louis-Joseph Papineau, who had been elected in two different ridings, chose to sit for Montreal West. In 1828, Malhiot was dismissed from his position in the militia by Lord Dalhousie after he supported resolutions critical of the governor's behaviour. He was elected to represent Verchères (formerly Surrey) in 1830 but resigned his seat in 1832 after he was named to the Legislative Council. Malhiot did not support those who took up arms against the authorities during the Lower Canada Rebellion. He sold his seigneury in 1846 and retired to Boucherville, where he died in 1854.
His son Charles-Christophe later became a member of the Canadian Senate.
# Guillermo Herbert Pérez

Guillermo Herbert Pérez (born 10 February 1934) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Querétaro.
# William R. Wooton

William R. Wooton (born September 20, 1944) is an American attorney and politician who has served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia since January 1, 2021. He became chief justice in 2025.

## Education

Wooton received his Bachelor of Arts in business management from Marshall University and his Juris Doctor from the West Virginia University College of Law, where he was editor-in-Chief of the West Virginia Law Review, Order of the Coif, and graduated at the top of his class.

## Political career
### House of Delegates

Wooton was a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates representing District 27 from 1978 to 1986, 1988 to 1990, and 2008 to 2010. He served as House Majority Leader from 1985 to 1986.

### Senate

Wooton served in the West Virginia Senate from 1991 through 2002 and also served as the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Wooton was also an unsuccessful candidate to return to the Senate in 2018.

## Legal and judicial career

Wooton was a law clerk for Judge John A. Field Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit from 1971 to 1972; an assistant West Virginia Attorney General from 1972 to 1974; and an assistant Raleigh County prosecutor from 1974 to 1977. He practiced law in Beckley with the firm Wooton, Wooton & Fragile from 1977 until 1994; with The Wooton Law Firm from 1994 until 2014; and with Wooton & Wooton, Attorneys at Law, from 2014 to 2020.

### Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia

Wooton was elected to a 12 year term in a nonpartisan election to the Supreme Court of Appeals on June 9, 2020, and began his term on January 1, 2021. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Court in 2016, losing to future colleague Beth Walker.

## Personal life

Wooton served in the West Virginia Army National Guard and the United States Army Reserve, reaching the rank of colonel.
He is married to his wife, Shir, and they have three adult sons and five grandchildren.

## Electoral history

Supreme Court of Appeals, Division II 2020 Election results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | Bill Wooton | 115,668 | 31.0% |
| | Nonpartisan | Joanna Tabit | 108,952 | 29.2% |
| | Nonpartisan | Kris Raynes | 74,334 | 19.9% |
| | Nonpartisan | Jim Douglas | 73,843 | 19.8% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 372,797 | 100.0% |
# E-mu Emulator X

Emulator X is a software-based audio sampler that was produced by E-MU Systems from 2004 to 2009.
Emulator X software is compatible with PCs running the Microsoft Windows operating system. The sampler can operate as a stand-alone program or as a VST instrument and, as of Emulator X3, is available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions.
For the software to run, one of several sound cards sold by E-MU was originally required. The sound card acted as a hardware dongle to prevent unauthorised use without the purchase of an E-MU branded device. This requirement was later dropped with the release of Emulator X3.

## Versions

Following E-MU's decision to end sales and production of its hardware sampler line in 2003, Emulator X was released as the company's first entry into the software sampler market in 2004. Emulator X2 was released in 2006, followed by the third and final incarnation, Emulator X3, in 2009. The product has since been discontinued and is no longer available to purchase from either E-MU or its parent company, Creative Technology.

## Functionality

Emulator X was largely based on E-MU's hardware sampler operating system, EOS. As such, it replicates or expands upon most of the design and features available in the final revision of the operating system, EOS 4.70. An example of this is the inclusion of E-MU's highly publicized "Z-Plane" filters, with Emulator X containing over 25 new filters not available in EOS.
It is also capable of importing and exporting bank files in EOS format for compatibility with E-MU's legacy hardware samplers such as the Emulator IV and E4 Ultra series devices.
It is the last software sampler produced that retains the ability to directly sample other sources, in contrast to current software samplers, which require existing samples and are therefore more akin to traditional ROMplers. Among the more noteworthy sampling features added in Emulator X2 is SynthSwipe, a tool which gives Emulator X the ability to sample from connected MIDI devices such as hardware synthesizers by sending a series of notes at differing velocities via MIDI and automatically recording the device's output to create a new fully mapped sample bank.
# Wheeler Lake

Wheeler Lake is located in the northern part of the state of Alabama in the United States, between Rogersville and Huntsville. Created by Wheeler Dam along the Tennessee River, it stretches 60 miles (97 km) from Wheeler Dam to Guntersville Dam. It is Alabama's second largest lake at 68,300 acres (276 km$^2$), only a few hundred acres smaller than Alabama's Guntersville Lake, which is 69,100 acres (280 km$^2$) and is separated by the Guntersville dam from the lake.
Decatur operates the busiest port along the Tennessee River on this lake, Port of Decatur.
Wheeler Lake is a major recreation and tourist center, attracting about four million visits a year. Along with camping, boating, and fishing, visitors enjoy the Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge several miles upstream from the dam.
The lake and dam are named for General Joseph "Joe" Wheeler.
# 1888 in Iceland

Events in the year 1888 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian IX
* Minister for Iceland: Johannes Nellemann

## Events

* Strandarkirkja was constructed.

## Births

* 20 September – Ríkarður Jónsson, sculptor
* 8 June – Guðmundur Kamban, playwright

## Deaths

* 4 September – Jón Árnason, author
# Juan de Dios Castro Muñoz

Juan de Dios Castro Muñoz (born 10 April 1970) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Durango.
# G. B. Lyon-Fellowes

George Byron Lyon-Fellowes (1815–1876) was a mayor of Ottawa in 1876. He also represented Russell County in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1848 to 1861.
He was born George Byron Lyon at Sorel, Quebec in 1815, the son of George Lyon, a captain in the British army. He later adopted his wife's surname Fellowes. He studied law. His younger brother, Robert Lyon was also mayor of Ottawa.
He died while in office on March 15, 1876.
# Niki

Niki may refer to:

## People

* Niki (given name)
* Niki (singer)
* Ni-Ki, member of the South Korean boy band Enhypen.

## Places

* Niki, Hokkaido, a town in Japan
* Niki, Florina, a village in Greece

## Other uses

* Niki (airline), formerly a passenger airline based at Vienna Airport in Austria, which ceased trading in 2017
* Operation Niki, a Greek airlift operation during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974
* Niki Rotor Aviation, a Bulgarian aircraft manufacturer
* SS Niki, a Greek cargo ship in service 1920–37
* Niki and Gabi, an American singing duo
* Niki & The Dove, a Swedish indietronica group
* niki.ai, an Indian ecommerce platform
* Typhoon Niki (1996), a tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific Ocean
* Niki (Greek political party), Greek political party, romanization of the Greek word Νίκη (victory)
* FSM Niki, the Australian-market name for the Polski Fiat 126p, a small car
# Aranos

Aranos is a town in the Hardap Region of central Namibia, situated in the Nossob River basin in the Kalahari Desert. The town had 5,493 inhabitants in 2023.
The main economic activity is farming. The place normally receives an annual average rainfall of 188 millimetres (7.4 in), although in the 2010/2011 rainy season 505 millimetres (19.9 in) were measured.

## History

The original name of the settlement was Arahoab, Khoekhoe for red area. During the Herero Wars, Schutztruppe units of Imperial Germany's colonial forces were stationed here since March 1908. The volume of postal services to the military led to the opening of a post office in that year. After the war, in 1911, the military office was closed again. Postal services, however, continued until the Germans lost control of the colony in 1915.
To avoid confusion with the village of Aroab further south, Arahoab was renamed Aranos in the 1960s. Aranos is a portmanteau of Arahoab and Nossob River.

## Politics

Aranos is the administrative centre of Aranos Constituency since 2013. Before that it belonged to the Mariental Rural constituency. Aranos was proclaimed a village in 1958. It was governed by a 5-seat village council until it was upgraded to "town" status in 2010. There is now a town council that has seven seats.
In the 2004 local authority elections SWAPO won the town council election with 733 votes and gained three seats. One seat each were obtained by the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, 234 votes) and the Republican Party (RP, 182 votes). SWAPO also won most votes (546) in the 2010 local authority election. The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) finished in 2nd place with 205 votes, followed by the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP, 186), SWANU (17) and the Congress of Democrats (15). SWAPO also won the 2015 election, gaining four seats in the town council (598 votes). The RDP gained two seats (246 votes), and the DTA one (194).
The 2020 local authority election was won by the newly formed Landless People's Movement (LPM) which scored well all over Hardap. LPM gained 745 votes and three seats in the town council, followed by SWAPO with two seats (465 votes), the likewise new Independent Patriots for Change (IPC) with one seat (283 votes) and the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM, the successor of the DTA), also with one seat and 90 votes. The current mayor is Marline Claasen.

## People

Aranos is the birthplace of former National Assembly member Jurie Viljoen and human rights activist Pauline Dempers.

## Gallery

* Aranos High School (2017)
# Sea Me Now

"Sea Me Now" is the second episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers and the overall 109th episode, and is written by Dan Fybel and directed by Chris Song. It aired on Fox in the United States on October 9, 2016. In the episode, Teddy tries to impress his ex-wife, Denise, when the Belchers accompany him for a ride on his newly restored boat. Meanwhile, Tina takes care of Bob's restaurant eraser, in an attempt to get her own cell phone.

## Plot

Teddy tries to impress his ex-wife by organizing a day trip on his newly refurbished boat; Tina attempts to prove she's responsible enough to have a cellphone by taking care of Bob's prized eraser.

## Reception

Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode an A−, saying, "I’m not sure that the show has really previously established Tina as someone who loses things constantly, but it feels so completely true to her character that I’m perfectly prepared to believe that’s featured in every episode up to this point. As with Teddy, this is a story that unfolds more or less entirely in Tina’s own head, with the rest of the family only taking a moment to mourn the inevitable demise of a much-loved eraser. There’s a lovely payoff though, as Tina tells her dad that a cellphone would just distract her from all that’s around her. Of course, as soon as that legitimately lovely moment passes, the family immediately turns on Bob, summarily stripping him of all screen privileges. It’s that lovely mix of the sweet and the silly, the ridiculous and the mundane, that makes “Sea Me Now” such a terrific episode."
The episode received a 1.2 rating and was watched by a total of 2.79 million people.