OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom

Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom is a nonfiction book by Andrew Duff.

## Overview

The book provides the historical account of Sikkim's annexation by India, its last king Palden Thondup Namgyal and his American wife Hope Cooke. Over the course of ten chapters, Duff explores the politics, plots, and broader regional and political forces that led to the end of the 333-year-long rule of the Chogyals.

## Reception

Writing for DNA India, Iftikhar Gilani in his review suggests that the book, "...highlights how India seldom shied from using force when its security – especially territorial – is threatened."
University of Tartu's Kikee Doma Bhutia in her review for Nanzan University's Asian Ethnology journal writes, "What his book showcases, in a way, is the emergence of an identity crisis. While the Chogyal was trying to maintain Sikkim’s unique identity as a Buddhist kingdom that is religiously and culturally close to Tibet, during the British era Sikkim’s population changed. More and more Nepalese settled in Sikkim, whose language and culture was closely ailiated not with Tibet, but with India."
Ranjit Gupta, a former Indian diplomat and member of Indian Foreign Service writes for the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, "Duff begins skating on thinner ice as he starts writing about political issues; as this part of the book unfolds, given Duff’s many visits to Sikkim and his meetings with a very wide cross section of people, he could have done a much better job by a more balanced presentation rather than mainly and somewhat uncritically adopting the narrative of people who were very obviously very pro-Chogyal almost wholesale."
# Longcheng District

Longcheng District (simplified Chinese: 龙城区; traditional Chinese: 龍城區; pinyin: Lóngchéng Qū; lit. 'Dragon City' is a district of Chaoyang City, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative Divisions

Source:
There are four subdistricts, four towns, and two townships in the district.
Subdistricts:
* Mashan Subdistrict (马山街道), Xiangyang Subdistrict (向阳街道), Xinhua Subdistrict (新华街道), Banlashan Subdistrict (半拉山街道)
Towns:
* Qidaoquanzi (七道泉子镇), Xidayingzi (西大营子镇), Zhaoduba (召都巴镇), Hedapingfang (和大平房镇)
Townships:
* Bianzhangzi Township (边杖子乡), Helianhe Township (和联合乡)
# Papyrus 54

Papyrus 54 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by siglum 𝔓$^{54}$, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 5th century (or 6th century).
It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle of James, it contains only fragments of James 2:16-18.22-26; 3:2-4.
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it, with some hesitation, in Category III (possibly II).
It is currently housed at the Princeton University Library (P. Princ. 15; earlier Garrett Depots 7742) in Princeton, New Jersey.
# Crossfire (board game)

Crossfire is a board game created by the Ideal Toy Company in 1971. The object of the game is to score goals by pushing one of the two pucks into the opposing player's goal. This task is accomplished by shooting small metal ball bearings at the pucks using the attached guns. The earliest version of the game featured a flat board, whereas the 1990s release featured a dome-shaped board. This allows the ball bearings to roll into the players' bins more easily but can cause the pucks to indefinitely rest at the edges of the board. In the 2010s rerelease, the board was sloped with a shallow grade, preventing the pucks from sliding on their own as much and making it easier to get them away from the borders.

## Gameplay

The two pucks are made of plastic and rest on a central metal ball bearing. The bearing can spin and roll within the plastic mold allowing greater puck movement and responsiveness to hits. One of the pucks is shaped like a triangle, the other a star. The object of the game is to get either piece into your opponent's goal. The first to three goals wins.

## Marketing

The early 1990s American commercial campaign for this product may be arguably its better-known aspect, portraying the game featured in a supposed near post-apocalyptic future, with the game used for a battle between two young men as "the ultimate challenge". The hero in the exchange was portrayed by a young Tim Maynard, a Shakespearean actor who transitioned into daytime soap opera acting. The music jingle was written and produced by Clay Mills and Richard Berg.

## Video game

An arcade video game version of Crossfire was planned for release by Atari in 1975. However, the game was not released, and only a small number of prototypes were produced.

## Reviews

* Games #93
# Third-person (video games)

In video games, third-person (also spelled third person) is a graphical perspective rendered from a fixed distance behind and slightly above the player character. This viewpoint allows players to see a more strongly characterized avatar and is most common in action games and action adventure games. Games with this perspective often make use of positional audio, where the volume of ambient sounds varies depending on the position of the avatar.

## Camera systems

There are primarily three types of camera systems in games that use a third-person view: the "tracking camera systems" in which the camera simply follows the player's character; the "fixed camera systems" in which the camera positions are set during the game creation; and the "interactive camera systems" that are under the player's control.
Simple tracking cameras follow the characters from behind, and were common in early 3D games such as Crash Bandicoot or Tomb Raider since it is very simple to implement. However, the player is unable to move the camera to resolve occluded views or focus on areas of interest, and may jerk or end up in awkward positions if the character is near a wall.
Fixed camera systems are defined by the developers during the game creation. The camera views will not change dynamically, so the same place will always be shown under the same set of views. Games that use fixed cameras include Grim Fandango (1998) and the early Resident Evil and God of War games. Such a system allows designers to use the language of film, creating mood through camerawork and selection of shots.
Interactive camera systems still track the character, but can also be moved by the player. Fully interactive camera systems are often difficult to implement in the right way; GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann argued that much of the Super Mario Sunshine's difficulty comes from having to control the camera. Conversely, IGN's Matt Casamassina called The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker's camera system "so smart that it rarely needs manual correction". One of the first games to offer an interactive camera system was Super Mario 64.

## Controls

Many games with fixed cameras use tank controls, whereby players control character movement relative to the position of the player character rather than the camera position; this allows the player to maintain direction when the camera angle changes.
On video game consoles, interactive camera systems are often controlled by an analog stick to provide good accuracy, whereas on PC games they are usually controlled by the mouse.
# Rena Small

Rena Small (born 1954) is an American conceptual artist who works primarily in photography, selective painting and Language Art components. Small is best known for her ongoing series the Artists' Hands Grid Continuum, https://www.artforum.com/picks/rena-small-4581, consisting of mostly black and white photographs, some with selective hand-painted details and 21st Century Color Ink Jet images, of the hands of prominent 20th and early 21st American artists. She began the project in 1984. The project is a life work and will end when Small's life does too. "Artists' Hands highlights portraits of hands, not faces, as another reservoir of personal expression. I choose artists who have accomplished strong bodies of work over a period of decades. To me, hands are a study of the human soul reflected in the mirror of my camera." Rena Small 2023 https://renasmall.com

## Collections

* George Eastman Museum
* J. Paul Getty Museum
* Los Angeles County Museum of Art
* Norton Simon Museum
* Princeton University Art Museum
* RISD Museum
* Seattle Art Museum
# M. Grace Burke

Mary Grace Burke is an American materials scientist who is an emeritus professor at the University of Manchester. She was awarded the 2020 International Metallographic Society Henry Clifton Sorby Award and was the 2019-2023 President of the Royal Microscopical Society.

## Early life and education

Burke was raised in Pittsburgh. She remained in Pittsburgh for undergraduate studies, during which she specialized in metallurgical engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. Burke attended Imperial College London, where she did her PhD research on stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Working under the supervision of P. R. Swann and F. J. Humphreys, Burke studied the mechanism of SCC of austenitic stainless steel. Burke was interested in the relationship between materials behavior and microstructure.

## Research and career

After earning her doctorate, Burke returned to the United States, where she worked at the U.S. Steel Research Laboratory in Monroeville, Pennsylvania. She studied thermomechanical processing effects on microstructural evolution in steels, using analytical transmission electron microscopy. She also performed correlative TEM analyses in combination with atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM).
Burke also studies irradiation embrittlement of the steels and alloys used in light water reactor systems. She joined the Westinghouse Science and Technology Center, where she studied a broad range materials and alloys for nuclear power systems. She transferred to the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, where she studied how microstructure impacted the performance of materials.
Burke joined the University of Manchester in England as a Professor of Materials Performance and Director of the Materials Performance Centre in 2011.

## Awards and honors

* 1995 Elected Fellow of ASM International
* 2005 President of the Microscopy Society of America
* 2015 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
* 2018 MicroAnalysis Society President's Award
* 2018 Elected Fellow of The Microanalysis Society
* 2019 Elected President of the Royal Microscopical Society
* 2019 Elected Fellow of The Metals, Materials and Minerals Society (TMS)
* 2020 International Metallographic Society Henry Clifton Sorby Award
* 2021 Henri Coriou Award
# Victor Hall

Victor Hall may refer to:
* Victor Hall (footballer) (1886–1966), English footballer
* Victor E. Hall (1901–1981), Canadian physiologist
* Victor W. Hall, American admiral
* Victor Hall (American football) (born 1968), American football player
* Vic Hall (novelist) (Victor Charles Hall, 1896–1972), Australian novelist and biographer
* Victor Hall, Australian author and cult leader
# Arly Larivière

Arly Larivière (born on August 22, 1972 in Cap-Haïtien, Nord, Haiti) is a Haitian musician, composer and keyboardist. He is best known as the lead singer and composer for the Kompa band Nu-Look.

## Early life

Larivière was born in Cap-Haïtien, Nord, Haiti on August 22, 1972. He was the second oldest of five children. At a young age, he formed the band Kazak Eksperyans D'Haiti in his hometown. He eventually left Kazak to form the band Feeling with Shedly Abraham, Elliot “Prince Elo” Alouidor and Nickson “Niki Bass” Mesidor. In 1992, he joined archrival Lakol Mizik Majik forming a superband. That same year, they released a well acclaimed carnival song before heading to the United States for Lakol's first international tour. All but two of the band's members (Herard Atticus and Alphonse “Ti Fredo” Patrick Duret elected to overstay their visas and pursue their musical careers in the USA. Lariviere also known as Ti Arly and whose father and primary influence is a legendary Haitian composer for Tropicana, decided to settle in Florida where he eventually founded the musical formation D’Zine which was later rebranded Nu-Look.

## Career

Larivière migrated to the U.S. and resided in Florida. During the 1990s, he was part of a band called the D-zine. He later left D-zine, and in 2000 partnered with Gazzman "Couleur" Pierre to form the Kompa band Nu-Look, which performed for 14 years with Larivière as their Maestro and composer. Some of the songs composed by Larivière are "Loving you", "Why do you say you love me", "Notre histoire", and "A qui la faute".
On January 5, 2010, Gazzman left Nu-Look to form his own band dISIp. After Gazzman's departure, Edersse "Pipo" Stanis became the lead singer, problems within Nu-Look eventually led to his departure to join another band called Klass. Arly tried to recruit a new lead singer for the band, but eventually became the sole singer of the band. In November 2013 Nu-Look released a new album titled I Got This; all of the songs on this album were written by Lariviere.
In 2013, Larivière and Nu-Look performed at the Haiti Carnival. He has continued to lead the band since 2016.
Arly Larivière and his band Nu Look delivered a captivating performance at the iconic Olympia Olympia (Paris)in Paris on February 13, 2022. The event showcased Larivière's exceptional talent, as he mesmerized the audience with her powerful vocals and emotive stage presence. The setlist featured a mix of his hit singles and newer material, demonstrating his musical range and growth. The crowd was entranced throughout the evening, praising Larivière's energetic and heartfelt delivery. This performance solidified his position as a rising star in the music industry, leaving a lasting impression on both fans and critics alike. The Olympia, with its rich history of hosting legendary acts, provided an fitting backdrop for Larivière's memorable concert, which will be remembered as a highlight of his career.

## Albums

* Big Mistake 2002
* Still News 2005
* Abo 2008
* Encyclopédie 2009
* Confirmation 2011
* I Got This 2013
* My Time 2016
* No Stress 2019
* Just For You 2024
# Dahi puri

Dahi puri is an Indian snack food which is especially popular in the state of Maharashtra. The dish is a type of chaat and originates from the city of Mumbai. It is served with mini-puri shells (golgappa), which are also used for the dish pani puri. Dahi puri and pani puri chaats are often sold by the same vendor.

## Alternate names

Dahi puri is also called 'dahi batata puri' or 'dahi sev puri'. Dahi means yoghurt in Hindi while sev is fried gram flour vermicelli. Batata is a Marathi word for potato.

## Preparation

A round puri shell is broken on top, stuffed with seasoned mashed potatoes or chickpeas, covered with beaten yoghurt, and garnished with sprinklings of crushed sev, moong dal, pomegranate and finely chopped coriander leaves.
* Home made dahi puri
* A typical serving of dahi puri
* Another style of serving
# Calocephalus platycephalus

Calocephalus platycephalus commonly known as western beauty-heads or yellow top, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is an upright to sprawling herb with white hairy branches and yellow ball-shaped flower heads and is endemic to Australia.

## Description

Calocephalus platycephalus is a herb with upright to ascending, whitish woolly to hairy branches and about 6–45 cm (2.4–17.7 in) high. The leaves are arranged alternately, linear to lance-shaped, mostly 5–30 mm (0.20–1.18 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide, more or less smooth to hairy, apex blunt to occasionally ending in a short triangular point in the upper leaves. The flower heads are yellow, broadly rounded to globe-shaped and 17-22 bracts. Flowering occurs mainly from spring to summer and the fruit is a bristly achene 0.5–0.65 mm (0.020–0.026 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

This species was described in 1867 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Pachysurus platycephalus. In 1867 George Bentham changed the name to Calocephalus platycephalus and the description was published in Flora Australiensis. The specific epithet (platycephalus) means "headed".

## Distribution and habitat

Western beauty-heads grows in sandy and sometimes semi-salines locations in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
# 69 Danguje

69 Danguje (literally: In the 69th heaven), is a Lithuanian vocal pop music girl group founded in 2005. The founder of the group was producer Egmontas Bžeskas [lt]. In May 2024 three members separated and established a new group, Šeškės ("ferrets"). As of November 2024, legally, only N.Pareigytė-Rukaitienė and E. Bžeskas are the members of "69 Danguje".

## History

In 2024 69 danguje unveiled a new song and video "Aš prašau". In the same year, the band held a concert "Velniškas greitis 20 metų" to celebrate their 20th year of activity at Kaunas Žalgiris Arena.

### Šeškės

In May 2024 the group announced that Nijolė is leaving the group and the group will be called Šeškės ("ferrets"), because Bžeskas owns the trademark 69 Danguje and the group had not been cooperating with Bžeskas for ten years, and his lawyers notified the group that they can no longer use their old name. In TV interviews later that year it was revealed that the departure of Nijolė was due to a conflict between her and the rest of the group.
Šeškės claimed that for about 10 years Bžeskas did not work with the group and they filed a request to the State Patent Office for cancellation of the registration of the trademark 69 DANGUJE due to non-use.
In August 2024 a 85 min. documentary 69 išpažintis ("69 Confession") about the group was premiered.
On August 13, 2024, after a long break in releases of new songs, Šeškės presented a new song, "Paleidom" ("Let It Go"). In preparation for their concert tour, in November 2024 they presented the second new song, "Nebesugrįšiu" ("I Won't Come Back")

## Names

Bžeskas recalls that in their first small studio there was an inscription on the wall "9 danguje" ("in the 9th heaven") and I thought that if we would add "6" in front, then we would be even higher.
The group took the name Šeškės ("ferrets"), because it was their nickname already.

## Members

* Goda Alijeva (Goda Sabutytė-Alijeva)
* Karina Krysko
* Ingrida Martinkėnaitė
* Nijolė Pareigytė [lt] (Nijolė Pareigytė Rukaitienė, lt:Nijolė Pareigytė)
The initial setup was Karina, Nijolė and Ingrida, later Goda joined, who was a member of another girl group, YVA [lt].
Since May 2024 Goda, Karina, and Ingrida are members of the group Šeškės.

## Albums

* 2006: 9 Danguj
* 2007: 69 Danguje
* 2008: Veidrodėlis ("Mirror")
* 2012: Geriausios Mūsų Dainos ("Our Best Songs", compilation album)

## Awards

* 2007:
** Radiocentras Music Awards: Group of the Year
** Children's Voice Awards (Lithuanian: Vaikų balsas) Group of the Year; also, theirs was Song of the Year, "Gyvenu"
* 2006: Radiocentras Music Awards: Best Debut of the previous year
* 2024: Golden Drop [lt] 2023 by Lietus.fm ("Rain") radio station: Group of the Year
# Mohammad Main Ullah Chowdhury

Major General Md. Main Ullah Chowdhury, SUP, OSP, awc, psc is a retired two star commissioned flag officer in the Infantry Regiment. He was formerly served as Director of AG’s Branch (Movement & Training Directorate). Earlier, he was Force Commander of the United Nations Mission for Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO). In the same mission, he served as deputy Force Commander, United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). Prior to join UNMISS, he served as GOC of 10th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army.

## Education

Major General Md. Main Ullah Chowdhury received an undergraduate degree from Defence Services Command and Staff College. He holds a master's degree in Strategic Studies from USAWC as well as in Defense Studies from the National University of Bangladesh.

## Military career

Major General Md. Main Ullah Chowdhury was commissioned into Bangladesh Army as an officer with 17th BMA Long Course. He held staff positions in the field and at headquarters. He was the GOC of 10th Infantry Division. He had been the commandant of Bangladesh Military Academy. He also served as the GOC of 7th Infantry Division.
# 1840 in Iceland

Events in the year 1840 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian VIII of Denmark
* Governor of Iceland: Carl Emil Bardenfleth

## Events

* The largest recorded surface area of the Langjökull ice gap was recorded.

## Deaths

* 24 April: Sveinn Pálsson, physician and naturalist.
# Brayan Torres

Brayan Andrés Torres Quiñones (born 23 January 1998) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Liga 2 Comerciantes FC.

## Club career
### FC Botosani

He made his league debut on 16 August 2021 in Liga I match against CS Gaz Metan Medias.
# Cadu (footballer, born 1997)

Carlos Eduardo Lopes Cruz (born 8 August 1997), commonly known as Cadu, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Viktoria Plzeň.

## Club career
### FK Pardubice

Cadu made his league debut for FK Pardubice against FK Dukla Prague on 10 June 2020.

### Baník Ostrava (loan)

On 8 September 2022 he was loaned to Baník Ostrava in Czech First League.

## Career statistics

    As of 26 November 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Pardubice | 2019–20 | Czech National Football League | 9 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 3 |
| Pardubice | 2020–21 | Czech First League | 29 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 8 |
| Pardubice | 2021–22 | Czech First League | 31 | 4 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 4 |
| Pardubice | Total | Total | 69 | 14 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 72 | 15 |
| Viktoria Plzeň | 2022–23 | Czech First League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Viktoria Plzeň | 2023–24 | Czech First League | 13 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | — | — | 23 | 4 |
| Viktoria Plzeň | Total | Total | 15 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 4 |
| Baník Ostrava (loan) | 2022–23 | Czech First League | 26 | 5 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 28 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 110 | 21 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 125 | 25 |
# La fille de Carilès

La fille de Carilès is a French-language children's book written by Joséphine Colomb and published by Hachette editions in Paris, 1874. The story first appeared in one of Hachette's magazines before reappearing in book form. Colomb received the Montyon Prize in 1875 for this work.

## Plot

In the tale of La Fille de Carilès, Carilès is an old man who lives in a wretched garret, and gains his living by selling whirligigs of coloured paper well known that time to little children in France and England. He is alone in the world, very poor, slovenly and lazy, thoroughly contented with his lot until he finds himself responsible for a little girl who has escaped from the cruel hands of some mountebanks. The gradual interest which he feels in the orphan, the self-denying tenderness which underlies the crust of selfishness and idleness that has grown over the solitary old man, and the sunshine which his adopted daughter brings into his life is charming, recalling in a degree, Silas Marner. Not the least well-imagined part of the story is the way in which a family of the middle class, far from rich, lend a hand to bring up and educate "La fille de Carilès", who, does not turn out to be some stolen princess, and remains to make a home for the good old man when age comes upon him.