OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilfred Burns (town planner)

Sir Wilfred Burns CB CBE (11 April 1923 – 4 January 1984) was a British town planner, described as "a key figure in British post-war planning".

## Life and career

Burns was born at Farnworth in Lancashire, moving to Ulverston as a child following his father's death. After attending Ulverston Grammar School, he studied civil engineering at University of Liverpool, and undertook war service in the Admiralty. He began work in local government for Leeds City Council, before moving to Coventry City Council in 1949 where he was a member of the team working on the redevelopment of the city after its bombing. Following a period working for Surrey County Council, he moved to Newcastle upon Tyne City Council as its chief planning officer in 1960.
At Newcastle, he took charge of a newly created department—one of the first planning departments in the country—and worked closely with the city council's political leader, T. Dan Smith. With Smith's support, he proposed, in the 1961 Plan for the Centre of Newcastle and the 1963 Development Plan Review, the demolition and redevelopment of many of the city's areas of old terraced housing and their replacement by new blocks of flats. These would be connected and supported by an improved and largely new road system, giving priority to traffic movement and separating pedestrians onto walkways. At the same time, the plan sought to conserve historic areas. However, Burns wrote that "the city centre must cater to the maximum extent possible for car traffic". In this approach, Burns was influenced by the American architect Victor Gruen, and the proposals for Newcastle were sometimes referred to as creating "the Brasília of the North". The local newspaper, the Evening Chronicle, stated:
   "The output of his department became prodigious. One radical plan after another—for new building, new roads, motorways, shopping centres, precincts—emanated from Mr Burns and his hardworking dedicated planning team. Reactions varied. Politicians became aerated with the visions of the future ..."
In 1968, Burns was appointed as chief planner at the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, becoming Deputy Secretary at the Department of the Environment (DoE) in 1971, with responsibility for integrating national land use and transport planning policy. He left the DoE in 1982, to become the deputy chairman of the Local Government Boundary Commission for England, and also served on national committees on the future of the planning system and on urban priority areas.
He was elected President of the Royal Town Planning Institute in 1967. He was appointed a CBE in the 1967 New Year Honours, a CB in the 1972 Birthday Honours, and was knighted in 1980. He died in 1984 at the age of 60, after suffering from a heart condition.
# Mount Chual

Mount Chual is a prominent peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in southwest Santa Clara County, California, United States. The landmark lies 10 mi (16 km) west of Morgan Hill, and approximately 0.8 mi (1 km) northeast of Loma Prieta. It is the third highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Several tributaries to Llagas Creek originate on the southern and eastern flanks of the peak.

## History

The name of the mountain first appeared on a Mexican-era map of New Almaden in 1848 as Picacho de Chual. Chual is a Mexican Spanish word for goosefoot (Chenopodium album), derived from Nahuatl tzoalli.
The summit has a radio communications facility, operating since 1965. The peak and surrounding land is currently owned by the Santa Clara Valley Open Space Authority.
# Rząsawa, Łódź Voivodeship

Rząsawa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Bełchatów and 55 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Doubletop Mountain (New York)

Doubletop Mountain is a mountain located in Ulster County, New York. The mountain is part of the Catskill Mountains. Doubletop Mountain is flanked to the northwest by Graham Mountain, to the east by Big Indian Mountain, and to the southwest by the Beaver Kill Range.
Doubletop Mountain stands within the watershed of the Delaware River, which drains into Delaware Bay. The northeast side of Doubletop Mountain drains into the headwaters of Dry Brook, thence into the East Branch of the Delaware River.
The northwest end of Doubletop Mountain drains into Flatiron Brook, thence into Dry Brook. The southwest side of Doubletop drains into the headwaters of Beaver Kill, thence into the East Branch of the Delaware River. The south end of Doubletop drains into High Falls Brook, thence into the West Branch of the Neversink River, and the Delaware River. The southeast slopes of Doubletop drain into Pigeon Brook, thence into Biscuit Brook, and the West Branch of the Neversink.
Doubletop Mountain is within of New York's Catskill State Park.
# Palaeoloxodon jolensis

Palaeoloxodon jolensis (often historically erroneously spelled iolensis) is an extinct species of elephant. The type specimen is located in the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. It is either considered the descendant species or last evolutionary stage of Palaeoloxodon recki in Africa. It is only known from isolated molars. The species is known from remains found across Africa (including Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, South Africa, and Kenya), which are largely poorly dated to approximately the late Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene, with some authors suggesting an exclusively late Middle Pleistocene age, as the only well dated specimens of the species are over 130,000 years old. Like P. recki, they are thought to have been dedicated grazers, being distinguished from earlier P. recki by having increased hypsodonty (tooth crown height) and enamel folding, with the plates being thicker along the long axis of the tooth. The species’ extinction may have been caused by increased climate change, to be replaced by the modern, generalist African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana).
The species was often historically spelled iolensis, however, the original intended spelling appears to be jolensis. While originally placed in Elephas, it is now placed in Palaeoloxodon. Some authors continue to use the genus Elephas.
# Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi

Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Abī ʿAqīl al-Thaqafī (Arabic: محمد بن يوسف بن الحكم بن أبي عقيل الثقفي) was a governor of the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century.
The brother of the powerful governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, Muhammad served under his brother as deputy governor for Fars. He is credited as the founder of the city of Shiraz, which became the capital of Fars, in 693. He later served as governor for the Yemen. He died in the latter office in 714/5. His daughter Umm al-Hajjaj married caliph Yazid II (r. 620–624), and their son, al-Walid II (r. 743–744), ruled as the eleventh Umayyad caliph.
# Consideration and initiating structure

Consideration and initiating structure are two dimensions of leader behavior identified in 1945 as a result of the Ohio State Leadership Studies. Reviews of research on these dimensions are described in Stogdill's Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research and Littrell's Explicit leader behaviour.
According to the findings of these studies, leaders exhibit two types of behaviors to facilitate goal accomplishment:
* People-oriented (consideration)
* Task oriented (initiating structure)
The model is similar to the Michigan Studies of Leadership.
In his Handbook, Stogdill expanded the model to twelve dimensions.

## Ohio State Leadership Studies

Prior to 1945 most studies of leadership sought to identify the individual traits of effective leaders.
Trait theories of leadership were the first to attempt a systematic approach of studying leadership. However, these studies yielded disappointing results when no set of traits were found that explained effective leadership.
In 1945, a group of researchers at the Ohio State University sought to identify the observable behaviors of leaders instead of identifying personality traits.

### Leaders Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ)

To accomplish this they generated a list of 1790 statements. This was narrowed down to 150 statements designed to measure nine different dimensions of leader behavior. These statements were used to develop the Leaders Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ).
After further research, the LBDQ-XII, was developed, assessing 12 factors/dimensions of leader behavior.

## Consideration and initiating structure
### Consideration

Consideration is the extent to which a leader exhibits concern for the welfare of the members of the group.
This factor is oriented towards interpersonal relationships, mutual trust and friendship.
This leadership style is people-oriented.
Some of the statements used to measure this factor in the LBDQ are:
* Being friendly
* Treating all group members as his/her equal
* Looking out for the personal welfare of group members
* Making him/herself accessible to group members

### Initiating structure

Initiating structure is the extent to which a leader defines leader and group member roles, initiates actions, organizes group activities and defines how tasks are to be accomplished by the group.
This leadership style is task-oriented.
Some of the statements used to measure this factor in the LBDQ are:
* Letting group members know what is expected of them (directive leadership)
* Maintaining definite standards of performance
* Scheduling the work to be done
* Checking that group members follow standard rules and regulations
# Oscar Baylón Chacón

Oscar Baylón Chacón (1929 – August 10, 2020) was a Mexican politician, member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and served as Senator of the Republic and Governor of Baja California.
Oscar Baylón Chacón was an agronomist graduate of the Escuela Superior de Agricultura "Hermanos Escobar" in Ciudad Juárez, and at his own expense was transferred to Baja California, where he initiated a political career that carried him to be Director of Works of the Territory, Municipal President of Tecate from 1959 to 1962, Director of Land Registry, Deputy Congressperson of Baja California from 1965 to 1968, and Chief Clerk of the Government.
In 1976, he was chosen as Senator of the Republic until 1982 and on January 6, 1989 was appointed Governor of Baja California to replace Xicoténcatl Leyva Mortera. During the 9 months of his administration, he concluded mainly hydraulics works to improve the supply of water of the main cities of the state.
# Shirasawa Station (Kagoshima)

Shirasawa Station (白沢駅, Shirasawa-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Makurazaki, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Ibusuki Makurazaki Line and is located 81.9 km from the starting point of the line at Kagoshima-Chūō.

## Layout

This is an above-ground station with one side platform and one track. It is an unattended station. There is no station building.

## History

The station was opened on 31 October 1963 as a station on the JNR Ibusuki Line, when the line was extended from Saijo Station to Makurazaki Station to become the Ibusuki Makurazaki Line. On this day, Ishigaki Station, Suisegawa Station, Sagaokawa Station, Matsugaura Station, Satsuma Shioya Station, Goryō Station, Satsuma Itashiki Station, and Makurazaki Station were also opened. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, JR Kyushu took over control of the station.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 5 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Japan National Route 226
* Makurazaki Airport (currently used as a prefectural disaster prevention heliport and solar power plant)
# Rzężawy, Łódź Voivodeship

Rzężawy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goszczanów, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Goszczanów, 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 68 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Dungeon Peak (Washington)

Dungeon Peak is a 5,640+ ft (1,720+ m) mountain summit located in the Cascade Range, in Kittitas County of Washington state. It is situated northeast of Hyak, Washington, near the north end of Keechelus Lake, within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher neighbor is Rampart Ridge, 0.66 mi (1.06 km) to the north-northeast. The mountain is set above the Gold Creek valley on the western side, and Lake Lillian on the eastern side. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Yakima River.

## Climate

Dungeon Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.
Weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snow onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months of July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

## Geology

The Alpine Lakes Wilderness features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks and ridges, deep glacial valleys, and granite walls spotted with over 700 mountain lakes. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.
The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.
During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The last glacial retreat in the Alpine Lakes area began about 14,000 years ago and was north of the Canada–US border by 10,000 years ago. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of that recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness area.

## Gallery

* Dungeon Peak, south aspect
* Rampart Ridge and Dungeon Peak seen from Interstate 90
* Dungeon Peak and Gold Creek Pond
# UFC Fight Night: Bigfoot vs. Arlovski

UFC Fight Night: Bigfoot vs. Arlovski (also known as UFC Fight Night 51) was a mixed martial arts event held on September 13, 2014, at Ginásio Nilson Nelson in Brasília, Brazil.

## Background

The event in Brasília was the first that the organization hosted in the Brazilian capital city.
The event was headlined by a heavyweight rematch between Antônio Silva and Andrei Arlovski. Their first fight at Strikeforce: Heavy Artillery ended in a unanimous decision victory for Silva.
Mike Rhodes was expected to face Paulo Thiago at the event. However, Rhodes was forced out of the bout due to injury, and was briefly replaced by returning veteran Joe Riggs. On July 29, it was announced that Riggs had to pull out of the bout due to a gun accident with non-life-threatening injuries in his house. On the same day Sean Spencer replaced Riggs as Thiago's new opponent.
Sérgio Moraes was expected to face Santiago Ponzinibbio at the event. However, Moraes pulled out of the bout citing a lingering knee injury. He was replaced by promotional newcomer Wendell Oliveira.
Valérie Létourneau was expected to face Jéssica Andrade at the event. However, Létourneau pulled out of the bout citing an injury and was replaced by promotional newcomer and former Jungle Fight women's bantamweight champion Larissa Pacheco.
Promotional newcomer Łukasz Sajewski was expected to make his debut at the event against Leonardo Santos. Sajewski was removed from the card and Santos faced Efrain Escudero. While Escudero's initial opponent Francisco Trinaldo faced Leandro Silva.

## Bonus awards

The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses:
* Fight of the Night: Gleison Tibau vs. Piotr Hallmann ^
* Performance of the Night: Andrei Arlovski and Godofredo Pepey
^ Bonus winner Piotr Hallmann had his award rescinded after testing positive for drostanolone during his post fight drug screening.
# Arminas Lydeka

Arminas Lydeka (born 21 February 1968) is a Lithuanian politician of the Liberals' Movement. He has been a member of the Seimas since 2020, having previously served from 2000 to 2012 and from 2014 to 2016. He was an observer to the European Parliament from 2003 to 2004, and a member of the European Parliament from May to July in 2004.
# Mount Corruption

Mount Corruption is an 11,857-foot elevation (3,614 m) mountain summit located in Custer County, Idaho, United States.

## Description

Mount Corruption ranks as the 21st-highest peak in Idaho and is part of the Lost River Range which is a subset of the Rocky Mountains. The mountain is set on land managed by Salmon–Challis National Forest. Neighbors include Little Regret Peak two miles south, line parent Mount Breitenbach, 3.4 miles south, Leatherman Peak is 3.8 miles to the southwest, and Borah Peak, the highest peak in Idaho, is 5.6 miles to the west-northwest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's slopes drains to tributaries of the Pahsimeroi River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,600 feet (1,100 meters) above the East Fork Pahsimeroi in approximately one mile.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Corruption is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.
# Ręszew

Ręszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Burzenin, 18 km (11 mi) south of Sieradz, and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Tatev Municipality

Tatev Municipality, referred to as Tatev Community (Armenian: Տաթև Համայնք Tatev Hamaynk), is a rural community and administrative subdivision of Syunik Province of Armenia, at the south of the country. Consisted of a group of settlements, its administrative centre is the village of Tatev.

## Included settlements

| Settlement | Type | Population (2011 census) |
| Shinuhayr | Village, administrative centre | 2,661 |
| Halidzor | Village | 551 |
| Harzhis | Village | 879 |
| Kashuni | Village | 11 |
| Khot | Village | 942 |
| Svarants | Village | 264 |
| Tandzatap | Village | 88 |
| Tatev | Village | 864 |

## Politics

Tatev Municipal Assembly (Armenian: Տաթևի համայնքապետարան, Tatevi hamaynqapetaran) is the representative body in Tatev Municipality, consisting of 15 members which are elected every five years. The last election was held in October 2021. Samvel Lalayan of Shant Alliance Nationalist Party was elected mayor.
| Party | Party | 2021 |
| | Civil Contract | 7 |
| | Shant Alliance Nationalist Party | 6 |
| | Country of Living | 2 |
| Total | Total | 15 |
Ruling coalition or party marked in bold.
# Kokcha River

The Kokcha River (Persian: رودخانه کوکچه) is located in northeastern Afghanistan. A tributary of the Panj river, it flows through Badakhshan Province in the Hindu Kush. It is named after the Koksha Valley. The city of Feyzabad lies along the Kokcha. Near the village of Artin Jelow there is a bridge over the river.

## Course

The Kokcha begins in Kuran wa Munjan District near the district center of Kuran wa Munjan and flows north, passing through Yamgan District and Jurm District. Near the village of Baharak, the Warduj river meets the Kokcha. The river then flows east, going around the northern border of Argo District and passing Feyzabad. Finally, the 320-km long Kokcha enters Takhar Province, flows around the southern border of Rustaq District, and discharges into the Amu Darya near Ai-Khanoum.
# María Elena Chapa

María Elena Chapa Hernández (19 April 1944 – 9 August 2021) was a Mexican politician who served as a Deputy and as a Senator.
# I, Darrin, Take This Witch, Samantha

"I, Darrin, Take This Witch, Samantha" (also known simply as "I, Darrin") is the pilot episode of American television series Bewitched. The episode was produced three weeks after starring actress Elizabeth Montgomery gave birth to her first child with her husband, series director William Asher. The episode was written by Sol Saks, the creator of the series, and initially aired September 17, 1964 on ABC. José Ferrer served as the episode's narrator, starting with the words, "Once upon a time...". Ferrer was not credited for this role. In the episode, Samantha Stephens promises her new husband Darrin that she will not use magic, a promise that initiates a pattern that continues into each subsequent episode of the series; the conflict in each episode surrounds Samantha's failed attempts to keep her promise.
The pilot is one of many episodes in the series that demonstrate that Samantha and Darrin have sexual desire for each other; as opposed to being depicted as sleeping in separate beds - as Rob and Laura Petrie are depicted as doing in the concurrently running The Dick Van Dyke Show - Samantha and Darrin are depicted sleeping in the same bed and expressing eagerness to do so. Julie D. O'Reilly writes in her book Bewitched Again: Supernaturally Powerful Women on Television, 1996-2011 that, in "I, Darrin" when Darrin says, "You're a what?" in response to Samantha's statement that she is a witch, this exchange initiated a narrative that would be regularly repeated in television series into the 21st century. O'Reilly argues that this narrative is one in which a sexualized female character demonstrates to a male character that she has superpowers and the male responds with incredulity and no longer thinks of her as a woman but instead as a freak. In "I, Darrin", Nancy Kovack portrayed Darrin's ex-girlfriend Sheila Sommers, and the episode's popularity resulted in Kovack returning to make Sheila a recurring character in the series.
# Hiroshima Freight Terminal

Hiroshima Freight Terminal (広島貨物ターミナル駅, Hiroshima Kamotsu Tāminaru-eki) is a railway freight terminal in Higashi Eki-chō, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan, owned and operated by Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

## Location

Hiroshima Freight Terminal is situated between Hiroshima and Tenjingawa stations on the JR West Sanyō Main Line and between Hiroshima and Yaga on the Geibi Line. It is located adjacent to Hiroshima motive power depot.
The terminal has four loading and unloading tracks, and seven arrival and departure tracks.
# Sempółki

Sempółki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poddębice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Poddębice and 47 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Eagle Hill (Louisiana)

Eagle Hill (French: Colline d'Aigle) is a mountain in Sabine Parish, Louisiana. It is among the highest points in Louisiana, with 459 feet at its highest.

## Location

Eagle Hill is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Peason, Louisiana. It is also about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the Kisatchie National Forest. This hill is primarily part of the foothills leading to the Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas.