OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pomeranians (German people)

The Pomeranians (German: Pommern) are a German people native to the historical region of Pomerania. In modern times, its population inhabits Germany, including the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Nowadays there are about five million descendants of Germans in Brazil, a part of these Brazilians are of Pomeranian origin.

## History

In the High Middle Ages, groups of people migrated to Pomerania during the Ostsiedlung. These migrants, consisting of Germans from what is now Northwestern Germany, Danes, Dutch and Flemings, gradually outnumbered and assimilated the West Slavic tribes of the Rani, Liutizians and Slavic Pomeranians. The evolving society (German: Neustamm) was speaking the East Pomeranian, Central Pomeranian and Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialects of Low German. Mostly German immigration continued until the 20th century. The Thirty Years' War caused a severe population drop: only one-third of the pre-war Pomeranian population survived. In the late 19th and early 20th century, many Pomeranians emigrated to prospering West German industrial centers or overseas during the Ostflucht. Low German was gradually replaced by Standard German, though spoken with an accent. After World War II, most of the former Province of Pomerania became Polish, and nearly all Pomeranians living east of the Oder-Neisse line fled or were expelled to post-war Germany. Therefore, Pomeranians today live not only in Western Pomerania but are dispersed all over Germany and other countries.
# Homoeosoma fornacella

Homoeosoma fornacella is a species of snout moth in the genus Homoeosoma. It is found in Australia.
# John Edward McCarthy

John Edward McCarthy (1911–1977 ) was an American radio actor and announcer. His longest part was playing Green Hornet in the eponymous radio series from 1947 to 1952.

## Early life and Marine Corps

Born on a farm near Parnell, Michigan, McCarthy attended St. Thomas High School in Ann Arbor, and attended the University of Michigan.
Before World War II, he was an announcer at radio stations WMBC and WXYZ in Detroit, Michigan. On WXYZ in the late 1930s, McCarthy played the part of Ned Jordan, secret agent, in the Fran Striker radio serial drama of the same name. Just before World War II, he became Chief Announcer at WXYZ.
During World War II, he was a Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps and was stationed on Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific where he ran the Armed Forces Radio station.

## Radio career

He played the part of the Green Hornet on the famous radio series from 1947 until the program ended in December 1952. The program originated from WXYZ in Detroit, Michigan. At the time, he was known as "Jack McCarthy."
For several years until 1952 he was also station manager and an announcer at WXYZ. During those years, two other national radio dramas originated from WXYZ radio: The Lone Ranger and Challenge of the Yukon (also known as Sergeant Preston of the Yukon).
During his early career in radio, he worked with Danny Thomas, Mike Wallace, Douglas Edwards and Al Hodge (who later went on to play television's Captain Video).
McCarthy moved to New York City in 1954, doing radio and television commercials. He also reported the news at WPIX television. Because there was already a "Jack McCarthy" on staff at WPIX, John McCarthy became known in New York as "John E. McCarthy". In July 1956 McCarthy was taken to the liner SS Île de France to interview survivors of the sinking of the SS Andrea Doria ocean liner bound for New York harbor.

## Personal life

In 1936 he married Virginia Hanlon and had two children: J. Thomas McCarthy and Maureen C. McCarthy.
McCarthy was a devout Catholic and served as a lector at St. Ignatius Loyola Church in New York City. He died on December 17, 1977, and was buried in the St. Patrick's Church cemetery in Parnell, Michigan following a funeral mass St. Ignatius Loyola Church.
# Aquilegia apuana

Aquilegia apuana is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to central Italy.

## Description

Aquilegia apuana is a perennial herb growing to 48 cm (19 in) high, covered with glandular hairs 0.2–0.4 mm long. The stem is erect, 2 mm wide at the base, covered with sheaths of old leaves, and sometimes branched towards the top. The basal leaves are very sticky and greyish or pale blue-green in colour, with stalks up to 20.5 cm (8.1 in) long. The plant produces up to six nodding, blue-purple flowers with petals that are whitish towards the base and a very curved (but not hooked) nectar spur measuring around 37 mm (1.5 in).

## Taxonomy

The species was originally described by Dino Marchetti in 2012 as a subspecies of Aquilegia viscosa, most closely related to the French subspecies viscosa. Its status was reassessed in 2014 by Enio Nardi as a species in its own right.

### Etymology

The specific epithet apuana is taken from the Apuan Alps to which the species is native.

## Distribution and habitat

Aquilegia apuana is native to the Apuan Alps in northern Tuscany, Italy. Populations in the Orrida di Botri [it] canyon in Tuscany and the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park in central Italy are also provisionally treated as A. apuana, pending further study as they are morphologically different from the population in the Apuan Alps.
The plant grows in soil and cracks at the base of overhanging limestone cliffs in protected positions such as cavities and cave mouths. It prefers dim light and sites with damp conditions or where there is seasonal dripping water.

## Conservation

As of November 2024, the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List. Its status is currently classified as Least Concern in Italy.
# Petronille Vaweka

Petronille Vaweka (born 1948), is a humanitarian NGO activist who led the Ituri Interim Assembly of Ituri Interim Administration, while in transition from the status of a district of Orientale Province to a province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She won the Women Building Peace Award in 2023.

## Life

Vaweka was born in about 1948. She was brought up in small village near Lake Albert where her father's business was fish. She had a carefree childhood and she went to the Sisters of Mary Ingelmunster's school in the city of Bunia which is the capital of Ituri province.
She was to have six of her own children and a good number of grandchildren, but she also adopted more. She took on about thirty children and some of those she adopted had been child soldiers in the violence that was endemic in her country.
She became the interim chairperson of the Ituri Interim Assembly of Ituri Interim Administration, while in transition from the status of a district of Orientale Province to a province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
She worked with the Ituri Pacification Commission in 2003, which helped establish the assembly. In addition, she was elected as Ituri's representative to the National Assembly.
Formerly, Vaweka was the head of Fondation Paix Durable.
In 2024 she was of four candidates at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) in Washington DC for the Women Building Peace Awards. The other three were the Kenyan Hamisa Zaja, Dr Marie-Marcelle Deschamps of Haiti and Abir Haj Ibrahim from Syria. In 2024 Pétronille Vaweka became the 2023 Women Building Peace Award Laureate.
Her achievements have been lauded by the United Narions and her face was displayed as part of a UN "Peace Begins with Her" campaign, outside the UK headquarters in New York in 2023.
# Ilias Evangelou

Ilias Evangelou (Greek: Ηλίας Ευαγγέλου; born 18 May 1997) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Super League 2 club Egaleo.

## Career

Born and raised in Kallithea, Evaggelou came through the academy at Athens Kallithea FC and made his first team debut at age 18 in May 2016, which prompted a move to Super League 1 side Asteras Tripolis, where he would make three appearances in the top flight the following season and earn two caps with the Greece under-21 national team.
After two loans spells from Tripoli, Evaggelou returned to Kallithea in 2018/19, and he would eventually come back for a third spell with the club in September 2021.
# Giuseppe Chiara

Giuseppe di Chiara (1602 – 24 August 1685) was an Italian Jesuit missionary active in 17th century Japan.
Chiara was born in Palermo, Kingdom of Sicily. He entered Japan at a time when Christianity was strictly forbidden, in an attempt to locate fellow priest Cristóvão Ferreira who had apostatized his Christian faith due to torture by Japanese authorities in 1633.
After the Shimabara Rebellion in 1638, Chiara arrived on the island of Oshima, but was arrested in June 1643 and then incarcerated at a prison named Kirishitan Yashiki (Japanese: 吉利支丹屋敷, Christian Residence) in Edo. He also was tortured and eventually became an apostate as well. He later married a Japanese woman, taking the name of her late husband, Okamoto San'emon (Japanese: 岡本三右衛門), and lived in Japan until his death on 24 August 1685 in Edo, at the age of 83. His remains were cremated.

## In popular culture

Chiara was the historical basis for the lead character of Sebastião Rodrigues in the novel Silence by Shūsaku Endō. He was portrayed by David Lampson in the 1971 film version and by Andrew Garfield in the 2016 film version.
# Robert McCall (artist)

Robert Theodore McCall (December 23, 1919 – February 26, 2010) was an American artist, best known for his space art works.

## Work

McCall was an illustrator for Life magazine in the 1960s, created promotional artwork for Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and Richard Fleischer's production Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970) and worked as an artist for NASA, documenting the history of the Space Race. McCall was also production illustrator on Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) and Walt Disney's The Black Hole (1979). The character Commander William Riker expressed admiration for the work of "Bob McCall" in one episode of the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation.
McCall's work can be found on U.S. postage stamps, and also NASA mission patches such as for Apollo 17.
He has created murals for the walls of the National Air and Space Museum, the National Gallery of Art, The Pentagon, Epcot, and Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. McCall was also commissioned by The Walt Disney Company to do a painting called "The Prologue and The Promise" for the Epcot attraction, Horizons in 1983. Guests could see the mural at the end of the attraction as they exited.
McCall appeared as an imposter for a U.S. Air Force pilot on the June 24, 1963 episode of To Tell the Truth. He received one of the four possible votes from the panel.
McCall died in 2010 of heart failure in Scottsdale, Arizona.

## Books

* Our World in Space, 1974, text by Isaac Asimov, illustrations by Robert McCall
* The Art of Robert McCall: A Celebration of our Future in Space, Bantam Books, 1992, introduction by Ray Bradbury ISBN 0-553-07355-9
* Vision of the Future: The Art of Robert McCall, text by Ben Bova, illustrations by Robert McCall.

## Gallery

* Apollo Soyuz Program, 1974
* Apollo 8 Coming Home, 1971
* Teague Auditorium Lobby mural
* U.S. stamp design, Apollo & Soyuz After Docking, 1975
# Joe Downing

Joe Downing (June 26, 1903 – October 16, 1975) was an American stage, TV and B-movie actor who made more than 70 appearances.

## Career

Downing's early acting experience included work with the Theatre Guild, particularly dancing in The Garrick Gaieties. His Broadway credits include Ramshackle Inn (1944), Cross-town (1937), Dead End (1935), Ceiling Zero (1935), Page Miss Glory (1934), The Drums Begin (1933), Heat Lightning (1933), Shooting Star (1933), and A Farewell to Arms (1930).
Downing's film debut came in Doctor Socrates. Often cast as gangsters, his film credits include A Slight Case of Murder, Danger on the Air, Racket Busters, Each Dawn I Die, and The Big Shot. His television credits include three appearances on Alfred Hitchcock Presents from 1956 to 1958, as well as other anthology series popular during the era.

## Partial filmography

* The Case of the Lucky Legs (1935) as George Sanborne
* Dr. Socrates (1935) as Cinq Laval
* Borrowing Trouble (1937) as Charlie
* A Slight Case of Murder (1938) as Innocence
* Wide Open Faces (1938) as Stretch
* The Lady in the Morgue (1938) as Steve Collins
* The Devil's Party (1938) as Frank Diamond
* Danger on the Air (1938) as Joe Carney
* Racket Busters (1938) as Joe Pender, Martin's Henchman
* I Am the Law (1938) as Tom Cronin (uncredited)
* The Night Hawk (1938) as Lefty
* Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) as Steve (uncredited)
* North of Shanghai (1939) as Chandler
* You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939) as Smitty
* Torchy Runs for Mayor (1939) as Spuds O'Brien
* The Forgotten Woman (1939) as Johnny Bradshaw
* Each Dawn I Die (1939) as Limpy Julien
* Smashing the Money Ring (1939) as Dice Mathews
* Beware Spooks! (1939) (uncredited)
* Missing Evidence (1939) as Marty Peters
* Another Thin Man (1939) as Hoodlum (uncredited)
* Invisible Stripes (1939) as Johnny
* Oh Johnny, How You Can Love (1940) as 'Doc' Kendrick, Bank Robber
* Castle on the Hudson (1940) as Gangster in Car (uncredited)
* Sandy Is a Lady (1940) as Nick Case
* The Secret Seven (1940) as Lou Bodie
* The San Francisco Docks (1940) as Cassidy
* Tall, Dark and Handsome (1941) as Cigar Store Killer (uncredited)
* Double Date (1941) as Burglar
* Strange Alibi (1941) as Benny McKaye
* Belle Starr (1941) as Jim Cole
* Unholy Partners (1941) as Jerry, Henchman
* Johnny Eager (1941) as Ryan
* Sealed Lips (1942) as Trigger Dolan (uncredited)
* Larceny, Inc. (1942) as Smitty
* My Gal Sal (1942) as Slip (uncredited)
* The Big Shot (1942) as Frenchy (credited as Joseph Downing)
* You Can't Escape Forever (1942) as Varney (uncredited)
* Lucky Jordan (1942) as Harrison (uncredited)
* Las Vegas Shakedown (1955) as Henchman Matty
* Fighting Trouble (1956) as Handsome Hal Lomax
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 1 Episode 15: "The Big Switch") (1956) as Lieutenant Al Hawkshaw (credited as Joseph Downing)
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 1 Episode 22: "Place of Shadows") (1956) as Floyd Unser (credited as Joseph Downing)
* Slaughter on Tenth Avenue (1957) as Eddie 'Cockeye' Cook
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Season 3 Episode 26: "Bull in a China Shop") (1958) as Detective Kramer (credited as Joseph Downing)
# Ján Polgár

Ján Polgár (31 May 1929 – July 2023) was a Slovak professional footballer who played as a forward.
Polgár was born in the village of Chop, but grew up in Košice, where his family moved when he was only a few months old.
Over the course of his career, from 1948 to 1959, Polgár played over 300 professional games with various clubs, mainly in Košice but also played in Olomouc and Prešov and scored 48 goals.
Following the end of his active football career, Polgár worked as a youth coach for over 40 years.
Polgár was the first professional Slovak football player who celebrated his 90th birthday. He died in Košice in July 2023, at the age of 94.
# Joseph Byron Totten

Joseph Byron Totten was a playwright and an actor in theater and silent films in the United States. He also directed films for Vitagraph.
He was an actor for Essanay. He had a 47 acre farm in Pendleton Hill, Connecticut where he kept horses, cattle, and a kennel.
He wrote No Gold Could Buy Her, No One Pity Her, The Cowboy and the Squaw, The Ranchman's Daughter, The Queen of the Cowboys, and The First Lady in the Land, both copyrighted in 1907. He wrote the play Spook House. He wrote The Forger, "a society problem play", copyrightednin 1908. He wrote and directed Lighthouse by the Sea, cooyrighted in 1915. He also cooyrighted the 3-reel, 3-act, The Boys Will Be Boys in 1915.
He wrote the play The World and a Woman.
He wrote a dramatization of Harold McGrath's novel The Woman Armsan. It was staged in 1915. He wrote and staged Love's Call. He was described as having a "primitive passion for triplicate nomenclature".
He wrote the words to the song "Piquita" with music by Arthur Bergh, copyrighted in 1925.
In 1917 he starred in Some Crooks.
In 1925, Charles Sidney Gilpin starred in his play So That's That.
He was a member of the Authors League of America.

## Filmography

* The Amateur Prodigal (1915) as John Life
* The Blindness of Virtue (1915), director
* The Awakening Hour (1915), starring role
* The Village Homestead (1915), author
* Like Father Like Son (1916)
* The Day Resurgent (1920), director
* The Dream (1920), director, starring Alice Calhoun
* While the Auto Waits (1920), director
# Ryōma Nishikawa

Ryōma Nishikawa (西川 龍馬, Nishikawa Ryōma, born December 10, 1994 in Osaka, Osaka, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays outfielder for the Orix Buffaloes.
# R (on the application of SG and others) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

R (on the application of SG and others) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions was a 2015 judgment by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom where by a majority of 3–2 the court ruled that the benefit cap, a British government policy limiting welfare benefits, was legal. The benefit cap limits British social security benefits to £500 per week regardless of the number of children in a family and the level of local rents. The case was brought on behalf of two single mothers. One known as SG was the mother of six children the youngest of whom is four years old. The second mother known as NS had three children and had a marriage with a long history of sexual abuse and domestic violence. The Supreme Court did however rule that the cap breaches United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

## Reaction

The judgement was criticised by the Child Poverty Action Group. Their chief executive Alison Garnham said:
   As three of the judges have said it cannot be in the best interests of the children affected by the cap to deprive them of the means of having adequate food, clothing, warmth and housing. We hope the government will listen to the court and comply with international law on the protection of children.

## Questions of economic and political judgment

The Court was careful to make a distinction between review of a policy decision and review of the law - in that certain matters were better suited for determination by Government or Parliament than by the courts.
   That consideration is relevant to these appeals, since the question of proportionality involves controversial issues of social and economic policy, with major implications for public expenditure. The determination of those issues is pre-eminently the function of democratically elected institutions. It is therefore necessary for the court to give due weight to the considered assessment made by those institutions. Unless manifestly without reasonable foundation, their assessment should be respected.
# Sergio Hernández Hernández

Sergio Hernández Hernández (born 3 June 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). In 2006–2009 he served as a federal deputy in the 60th Congress, representing Hidalgo's third district.
# 62 BC

Year 62 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Murena (or, less frequently, year 692 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 62 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Republic

* January 5 – The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies of Antonius Hybrida led by Marcus Petreius in the Battle of Pistoria.
* Julius Caesar divorces Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Publius Clodius Pulcher.
* Cicero delivers his Pro Archia Poeta in defense of Aulus Licinius Archias' claim to Roman citizenship.
* Cato the Younger, as tribune, presents a lex frumentaria (enacting a grain dole).
* Metellus Nepos, also tribune, leaves Rome.
* Caesar and Bibulus are praetors.

#### Commagene

* King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene builds his mountain-top tomb-sanctuary at Mount Nemrut.

## Births

* Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, king (pharaoh) of Egypt (d. 47 BC)

## Deaths

* Lucius Sergius Catilina, Roman politician (b. 108 BC)
* Quintus Roscius Gallus, Roman actor (b. c. 126 BC)
* Zhang Anshi, Chinese official of the Han Dynasty
# LLM Lettering

LLM Lettering is a set of sans-serif typefaces developed by the Malaysian Highway Authority (Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia, LLM) and used for road signage on expressways in Malaysia. The font was divided into two types: LLM Normal (Standard/Regular) and LLM Narrow (Condensed). The LLM Normal typeface is a modified form of the Italian Alfabeto Normale and Alfabeto Stretto. The lettering is special use for the Malaysian Expressway System.

## Examples on Malaysian road signs

* Expressway exit sign at East Coast Expressway using both LLM Normal and LLM Narrow
* Temporary sign to Second Penang Bridge, using LLM Narrow
* This expressway accept ETC only, using LLM Narrow & LLM Normal
* Toll plaza 500 meters ahead with name, using LLM Normal
# Sylvia Plischke

Sylvia Plischke (Czech: Plischkeová, born 20 July 1977) is a former professional tennis player from Czechoslovakia, representing Austria. Her career-high singles ranking was No. 27 in the world, achieved in 1999.

## Biography

Sylvia Plischke was born in Plzeň, Czechoslovakia, to Lubomír Plischke and Alena Plischkeová. The family moved to Austria when Sylvia was six years old and Sylvia went on to represent Austria in the Fed Cup and the Olympic Games. Her mother also was an Olympian, having represented Czechoslovakia in the 1972 Summer Olympics in the high jump.

## WTA Tour finals
### Doubles: 1 (title)

* Legend
* Tier I
* Tier II
* Tier III (1)
* Tier IV & V
| Result | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | Nov 2000 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Hard | Henrieta Nagyová | Liezel Huber Vanessa Webb | 6–4, 7–6 |

## ITF finals

* $100,000 tournaments
* $75,000 tournaments
* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Singles (2–1)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1. | 27 June 1993 | Zagreb, Croatia | Clay | Renata Kochta | 6–3, 6–0 |
| Win | 2. | 10 April 1994 | Limoges, France | Hard (i) | Nathalie Guerrée-Spitzer | 1–6, 6–4, 6–2 |
| Loss | 3. | 16 February 1997 | Cali, Colombia | Clay | Laura Pena | 6–7, 3–6 |

### Doubles (2–3)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 17 July 1994 | Vigo, Spain | Clay | Jitka Dubcová | Paula Cabezas Emilie Viqueira | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 2. | 27 July 1997 | Istanbul, Turkey | Hard | Marlene Weingärtner | Laura Golarsa Mercedes Paz | 6–3, 3–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 3. | 14 December 1997 | Bad Gögging, Germany | Carpet (i) | Tina Križan | Emmanuelle Curutchet Sophie Georges | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Win | 4. | 12 February 2002 | Sutton, United Kingdom | Carpet | Dragana Zarić | Maret Ani Galina Fokina | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Loss | 5. | 9 June 2002 | Galatina, Italy | Clay | Bahia Mouhtassine | Edina Gallovits-Hall Andreea Ehritt-Vanc | 3–6, 2–6 |