OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Glas (album)

Glas (German:, Glass) is the debut studio album by German singer Nina Chuba. It was released on 24 February by Sony Music Entertainment Germany.

## Background

The first single from Glas, Neben mir, was Chuba's first German-language release, following a series of English-language songs released from 2019 to 2021, and the first to be released under Jive Records. The fifth single from the album, Wildberry Lillet, was released in August 2022, and brought Chuba to mainstream success, being certified 3× Gold, 2× Platinum and Platinum in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, respectively.
Eight of the eighteen tracks on Glas were pre-released, although "Molly Moon" and "Nicht allein", two singles released before the album, were not featured on it.
The release of Glas was announced in November 2022.

## Charts

Glas was Chuba's first number one on the German albums chart and the German hip hop albums chart. Additionally, Glas reached number three on the German vinyl chart.

### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for Glas :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 1 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 1 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 5 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for Glas :
| Chart (2024) | Position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 17 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 33 |

## Certifications

Certifications for Glas :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 100,000$^‡$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Gold | 10,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# 662

Year 662 (DCLXII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 662 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* King Godepert makes war against his brother Perctarit. He seeks the aid of Grimoald I, duke of Benevento, who has him assassinated; his son Raginpert escapes. Grimoald usurps the throne and becomes ruler of the Lombard Kingdom. Perctarit is exiled, and seeks refuge in Gaul and Britain.
* The Franks take advantage of the Lombard civil war and invade Northern Italy, but are defeated by Grimoald I. King Chlothar III gives Austrasia to his youngest brother Childeric II. He is raised on the shield of his warriors and proclaimed king of Austrasia.

#### Britain

* King Swithelm of Essex is converted to Christianity and baptised by Cedd, at the court of King Æthelwald of East Anglia, who acts as his sponsor. East Anglia may have held some sort of overlordship over Essex at this time (approximate date).

#### Arab Empire

* Muslim Conquest: Arab forces of the Umayyad Caliphate resume the push to capture Persian lands, and begin to move towards the lands east and north of the plateau, towards Greater Khorasan (Iran) and the Silk Road along Transoxiana.
* Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan, Muslim general and a member of the Umayyad clan, is appointed governor of Iraq (Basra) and the former Persian provinces (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Religion

* August 13 – Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine monk and theologian, dies in exile in Lazica (modern Georgia), on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea.

## Births

* June 22 – Rui Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 716)
* Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, Muslim martyr (d. 680)
* Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, Japanese poet (approximate date)
* Kusakabe, Japanese crown prince (d. 689)
* Odile of Alsace, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
* Rumwold of Buckingham, Anglo-Saxon prince and saint

## Deaths

* August 13 – Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine theologian
* Godepert, king of the Lombards
* Rumwold of Buckingham, Anglo-Saxon prince and saint
* Lai Ji, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 610)
* Qais Abdur Rashid from whom all Pashtuns descend according to local Pashto folklore
# 697

Year 697 (DCXCVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 697 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Paolo Lucio Anafesto is elected the first Doge of Venice, which begins its rise as a major power in the Mediterranean Sea. Built up from fishing villages settled by fugitives from the Huns (see 452), the city of Venice occupies some 60 marshy islands (Venetian Lagoon).
* Radbod, king of the Frisians, retreats to the island of Heligoland in the North Sea (approximate date).

#### Britain

* Queen Osthryth of Mercia is murdered by her own noblemen. She is buried at Bardney Abbey (Lincolnshire), and later revered as a saint.

#### Arabian Empire

* Syrian forces under Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, governor of Iraq, defeat the Persian Kharijites, who have captured the city of Mosul and occupy large parts of Mesopotamia (approximate date).

#### Asia

* Empress Jitō abdicates the throne in favor of the 14-year-old Monmu (grandson of late emperor Tenmu). During her 11-year reign she has established the foundations of law in Japan.

#### Mesoamerica

* The Mayan city of Bahlam Jol is destroyed by Naranjo as retaliation for rebelling against its suzerain.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Council of Birr: The northern part of Ireland accepts the Roman calculations for celebrating Easter. At this synod Adomnán, abbot of Iona (Scotland), promulgates his Cáin Adomnáin ("Law of the Innocents").
* A festival, for the opening of the eyes of Buddhist images, is held in Yakushi-ji Temple in Japan (approximate date).

## Births

* Fang Guan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 763)
* Guo Ziyi, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 781)
* Osred I, king of Northumbria (approximate date)

## Deaths

* Eochaid mac Domangairt, king of Dál Riata
* Ferchar Fota, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
* Hugobert, Merovingian noblemen (seneschal)
* Nordebert, mayor of the palace of Neustria
* Osthryth, queen of Mercia (English Midlands)
# Radikal Bikers

Radikal Bikers is a racing arcade game developed by the Spanish company Gaelco in 1998, with also a conversion for PlayStation developed instead by Bit Managers, it was only released in Europe. The spiritual successor to this game was Smashing Drive.

## Gameplay

Radikal Bikers is set in a Mediterranean environment, and is based on delivering pizza on a rare Italian scooter called Italjet Dragster in heavy traffic before your AI opponent does, while getting points. The arcade version has three difficulty levels, which correspond to each of the different places: Margherita (easy, set in Milan), Capricciosa (medium, set in Rome), and Diabola (hard, set in Naples). If you beat all four races in a level, you get to play the next level free. Meanwhile, the PlayStation version includes four more locations on top of the original three as part of the extended Radikal mode: Marinara (set in Venice), Fantasia (set in Paris), Reggiana (set in London) and Americana (set in New York)

### Points

* Win one race - +50000 (Arcade) / Up to +10000 (Radikal);
* Get Power-up - +1000 (Arcade) / +100 (Radikal) each;
* Power Kick destructions - +1000 (Arcade) / +100 (Radikal) each;
* Grabbing an Extra Point Power-up - +3000 (Arcade) / +400 (Radikal) each;
* Grabbing a bad Power-up - -100 each.

### Power-ups

* Turbo - Indicated by the letter "T", which gives the High Speed, which is incompatible with Power Kick;
* Power Kick - Indicated by the "bomb", which allows you to blow up cars by kicking them in the side for points, and is also incompatible with Turbo;
* Extra Points - Indicated by "+$", which gives a bonus of 3000 points in Arcade Mode, or 400 points in Radikal Mode;
* Extra Time - Indicated by the "hourglass", which gives +1 second of time;
* The Joker - Indicated by the "?", which gives a Random power-up or extra points, which is actually based on its position and the biker you choose.

### Characters

On the Arcade version are:
* Carlo - From "Paolo's Maniak Pizza";
* Gino - From "Frenzy Mario Pizza", but is present in the PlayStation version with the new name Paolo;
* Nina - From "Paolo's Maniak Pizza", but is present in the PlayStation version (under different clothes and complexion) with the name Mbelle;
* Sofia - From "Frenzy Mario Pizza", she is also present in the PlayStation version of the game.
Finally, on the PlayStation version there are three new characters: Albert, Gus and Noodles.

## Release

The previously cancelled Game Boy Color version of the game was released on the Evercade console as part of the Piko Interactive Collection 3 on May 31, 2023.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | Arcade | PS |
| Next Generation | | N/A |
| MAN!AC | N/A | 46% |
| Mega Fun | N/A | 49% |
| MeriStation | N/A | 5.8/10 |
| Power Unlimited | N/A | 61/100 |
| Video Games | N/A | 33% |
Next Generation reviewed the arcade version of the game, rating it four stars out of five, and stated that "There's nothing else quite like this gem in the arcades, and it's sure to bring a smile to your face."
# AD 68

AD 68 (LXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silius Italicus and Trachalus, or the start of the Year of the Four Emperors (or, less frequently, year 821 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 68 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. These are now used throughout the world.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Final year that Tacitus records Annals, a written history of the Roman Empire.
* Lucius Clodius Macer revolts against the reign of Nero.
* The Senate declares Nero as persona non grata.
* June 9 – Emperor Nero commits suicide four miles outside Rome. He is deserted by the Praetorian Guard, and then stabs himself in the throat.
* June 9 – The Roman Senate accepts Servius Sulpicius Galba, as Roman Emperor.
* Legio I Macriana liberatrix and Legio I Adiutrix are created.
* Marcus Ulpius Trajanus, father of Trajan, becomes consul.
* Trajan moves to Scythopolis and crosses the Jordan River with Legio X Fretensis. He lays siege to Jericho and destroys the monastery of Qumran, where the Dead Sea Scrolls are originated.
* Winter – Titus sets up camp at Jericho and the Romans cut off escape routes toward Jerusalem.
* Venutius successfully deposes his wife Cartimandua and becomes the ruler of the Brigantes.

#### Asia

* Kingdom of Funan is established in the Mekong Delta comprising present-day Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, Southern Thailand and Eastern Thailand, the first known civilization in Southeast Asia. The capital city is Vyadhapura or modern-day Ba Phnum District in Cambodia.
* King Dodu of Galsa Buyeo offered the country to Taejodae of Goguryeo, Galsa Buyeo was destroyed by Goguryeo.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Buddhism officially arrives in China with the building of the White Horse Temple.
* Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome (latest possible date).
* Ignatius of Antioch becomes the third bishop of Antioch.
* The Essenes place the Dead Sea Scrolls in the caves at Qumran.

## Births

* July 4 – Salonia Matidia, niece of Trajan (d. AD 119)
* Flavius Scorpus, Roman charioteer (approximate date)
* Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Roman consul (d. AD 140)

## Deaths

* April 25 – Mark the Evangelist, pope of Alexandria
* June 9 – Nero, Roman emperor (suicide) (b. AD 37)
* Ananus ben Ananus, Jewish high priest of Israel
* Basilissa and Anastasia, Christian martyrs (beheaded)
* Gaius Julius Vindex, Roman governor (suicide)
* Lucius Clodius Macer, Roman general (murdered)
* Nymphidius Sabinus, Roman praetorian prefect
* Onesimus, bishop of Byzantium (approximate date)
* Publius Petronius Turpilianus, Roman consul (suicide)
* Tiberius Julius Mithridates, Roman client king
# Jorge Quintero Bello

Jorge Quintero Bello (born 14 September 1947) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Jalisco.
# North Shore Historic District (St. Petersburg, Florida)

The North Shore Historic District, commonly known as Old Northeast or Historic Old Northeast, is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on February 20, 2003) located in St. Petersburg, Florida. The district, located adjacent to Downtown, is bounded by 4th Street N, 5th Avenue N, Tampa Bay, and 30th Ave N. It contains 2975 historic buildings and 4 objects. This area is mostly residential but does contain some retail, dining, parks and city landmarks. It also has been featured in the "Great Homes and Destinations" section of the New York Times.

## Buildings in the district

* First Church of Christ, Scientist (St. Petersburg, Florida)
# Cantic octagonal tiling

Cantic octagonal tiling :
| Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane ||
| Type | Hyperbolic uniform tiling |
| Vertex configuration | 3.6.4.6 |
| Schläfli symbol | h$_2${8,3} |
| Wythoff symbol | 4 3 | 3 |
| Coxeter diagram | = |
| Symmetry group | [(4,3,3)], (*433) |
| Dual | Order-4-3-3 t12 dual tiling |
| Properties | Vertex-transitive |
In geometry, the tritetratrigonal tiling or shieldotritetragonal tiling is a uniform tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of t$_{1,2}$(4,3,3). It can also be named as a cantic octagonal tiling, h$_2${8,3}.

## Related polyhedra and tiling

Uniform (4,3,3) tilings vte :
| Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | Symmetry: [(4,3,3)], (*433) | [(4,3,3)]$^+$, (433) |
| h{8,3} t$_0$(4,3,3) | r{3,8}$^1$/$_2$ t$_{0,1}$(4,3,3) | h{8,3} t$_1$(4,3,3) | h$_2${8,3} t$_{1,2}$(4,3,3) | {3,8}$^1$/$_2$ t$_2$(4,3,3) | h$_2${8,3} t$_{0,2}$(4,3,3) | t{3,8}$^1$/$_2$ t$_{0,1,2}$(4,3,3) | s{3,8}$^1$/$_2$ s(4,3,3) |
| Uniform duals ||||||||
| V(3.4)$^3$ | V3.8.3.8 | V(3.4)$^3$ | V3.6.4.6 | V(3.3)$^4$ | V3.6.4.6 | V6.6.8 | V3.3.3.3.3.4 |
*n33 orbifold symmetries of cantic tilings: 3.6.n.6 :
| Symmetry *n32 [1$^+$,2n,3] = [(n,3,3)] | Spherical | Euclidean | Compact Hyperbolic | Compact Hyperbolic | Compact Hyperbolic | Paracompact |
| Symmetry *n32 [1$^+$,2n,3] = [(n,3,3)] | *233 [1$^+$,4,3] = [3,3] | *333 [1$^+$,6,3] = [(3,3,3)] | *433 [1$^+$,8,3] = [(4,3,3)] | *533 [1$^+$,10,3] = [(5,3,3)] | *633... [1$^+$,12,3] = [(6,3,3)] | *∞33 [1$^+$,∞,3] = [(∞,3,3)] |
| Coxeter Schläfli | = h$_2${4,3} | = h$_2${6,3} | = h$_2${8,3} | = h$_2${10,3} | = h$_2${12,3} | = h$_2${∞,3} |
| Cantic figure | | | | | | |
| Vertex | 3.6.2.6 | 3.6.3.6 | 3.6.4.6 | 3.6.5.6 | 3.6.6.6 | 3.6.∞.6 |
| Domain | | | | | | |
| Wythoff | 2 3 | 3 | 3 3 | 3 | 4 3 | 3 | 5 3 | 3 | 6 3 | 3 | ∞ 3 | 3 |
| Dual figure | | | | | | |
| Face | V3.6.2.6 | V3.6.3.6 | V3.6.4.6 | V3.6.5.6 | V3.6.6.6 | V3.6.∞.6 |
# List of urban centers in Istanbul

The list of urban centers in Istanbul lists the major clusters of retail, office, government, retail and dense residential buildings within the city limits of Istanbul, including areas of the historic city center, Fatih, as well as edge cities built outside the historic core.
Important "edge cities", i.e. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings, include the Istanbul Central Business District in and around Şisli; the E-5/D-100 highway corridor along the north side of the old airport, and on the Asian side, Kozyatağı–Ataşehir, Altunizade, Kavacik and Ümraniye.

## European side
### Historic city center areas
#### Fatih

* Eminönü
* The Grand Bazaar
* The Spice Bazaar
* Sultanahmet
* Yedikule

#### Beyoğlu district (historic Pera)

* Cihangir
* Galata
* İstiklal Avenue
* Karaköy
* Taksim Square

### Istanbul Central Business District

* Büyükdere Avenue runs through Beşiktaş, Şişli and Sarıyer districts, lined with residential and office towers and shopping complexes

#### Beşiktaş district

* Arnavutköy
* Bebek
* Beşiktaş Çarşı
* Etiler
* Levent
* Ortaköy

#### Sarıyer district

* Emirgan
* Tarabya
* Yeniköy

#### Şişli district

* Bomonti/Şişli Merkez (original center of Şişli)
* Esentepe including Zincirlikuyu and the Zorlu Center
* Fulya
* Levent including the Metrocity, Kanyon, Özdilekpark and Istanbul Sapphire complexes
* Nişantaşı
* Otim
* Zorlu Center

### Other areas on the European side
#### Bakırköy district

* Ataköy
* E-5/D-100 highway corridor along the north side of the old airport
* Yeşilköy (San Stefano)

#### Bahçelievler district

* Bahçelievler
* E-5/D-100 highway corridor along the north side of the old airport

#### Esenler district

* Giyimkent ("Clothing City")
* Tekstilkent ("Textile City")

#### Eyüp district

* Eyüp

## Asian side
### Asian side central areas
#### Kadıköy district

* Kozyatağı
* Bağdat Avenue

#### Üsküdar district

* Altunizade
* Beylerbeyi
* Çengelköy
* Kandilli

### Other areas on the Asian side
#### Ataşehir district

* Ataşehir

#### Beykoz district

* Kanlıca

#### Maltepe district

* Bağdat Avenue

#### Ümraniye district

* Ümraniye
* Dudullu

## Related lists

* List of museums and monuments in Istanbul
* List of universities in Istanbul
* List of schools in Istanbul
* List of architectural structures in Istanbul
* List of columns and towers in Istanbul
* List of libraries in Istanbul
* List of mayors of Istanbul
* List of Istanbulites
# Al-Sahel

Al-Sahel (Arabic: السحل, also transliterated As-Sahel and As-Sehel) is a Syrian village in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Sahel had a population of 5,677 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

## Nearby cities and towns

| City-Village | Distance | Direction |
| Ma`arrat al Bash | 3.5 nm | West |
| Flitah (Meshrefah) | 2.7 nm | West |
| al-Jarajir | 4.1 nm | North |
| An-Nabek | 5.0 nm | East |
| Ras al-Ayn | 4.1 nm | South |
| Yabroud | 3.4 nm | South |

## Weather

| Season | Temperature, °C | Rainfall, cm | Wind, km/h |
| Fall | 15.3 | 0.8 | 5 |
| Winter | 2.5 | 2.7 | 5.5 |
| Spring | 13.5 | 0.0 | 6 |
| Summer | 22.5 | 0.0 | 5 |
# Goliathus albosignatus

Goliathus albosignatus is a species of beetle of the family Scarabaeidae, described by Carl Henrik Boheman in 1857. It is one of several species of Goliath beetles that inhabit Africa, but it is the only one exclusively found in subtropical sections of the continent.

## Description

Goliathus albosignatus can reach a length of about 45–70 mm (1.8–2.8 in) in males, and about 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) in females. There are distinctive non-uniform bands of black that stretch horizontally across their elytra to differentiate it from other species. While Goliath beetles are among the largest beetles on Earth, this is the smallest of the species in this genus and not as commonly found as the others. Sexually dimorphic traits are also present in Goliath beetles and include males having a Y-shaped horn protruding from their head to assist with confrontation between males, while in females the horn is absent and their wedge-shaped head is fit for digging the burrows where eggs are to be laid.

## Biology

Development of Goliathus albosignatus is carried out in hyrax dung, a trait shared with Fornasinius species, but which does not occur among any other Goliath beetles. Their diet consists of high protein as larvae, but after pupating into adulthood, they have been known to feed on sap from Acacia. Other behaviour of note is that they will gather specifically on marula trees.

## Taxonomy

Goliathus albosignatus is taxonomically separated from the other species in Goliathus according to barcoding analysis results that were published in Entomologia Africana in January 2020. Characteristics differentiating Goliathus albosignatus that are mentioned include "hammer-shaped post-clypeal horns of the male, the elongated tarsi, and the presence of cretaceous marks on the pygidium". The tree resulting from the analysis is listed below:

## Subspecies

There are 2 subspecies:
* Goliathus albosignatus albosignatus Boheman 1857
* Goliathus albosignatus kirkianus Gray, 1864

## Subspecies distributions and sizes

* Goliathus albosignatus albosignatus:
Distribution: Middle to South Zimbabwe and North-Eastern South Africa; Size: ♂ 40 – 68 mm; ♀ 45 – 52 mm.
* Goliathus albosignatus kirkianus:
Distribution: Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania; Size: ♂ 40 – 71 mm; ♀ 45 – 55 mm.
# Rudolf Fehrmann

Rudolf Fehrmann (22 June 1886 – 1947) was a German climber. He was a pioneer rock climber at the Elbe Sandstone Mountains near Dresden.

## Climbing career

He began climbing at the age of 17 and was soon at the leading edge of the fledgling sport. He and Oliver Perry-Smith, an American college student and fellow climber living in Dresden, became as close as brothers and formed a team which pushed the limits of risk and difficulty on the steep sandstone spires, making many first ascents. Early on, Fehrmann exerted leadership in both climbing ethics and environmental protection. He imagined the purest of climbing routes as "great lines", ascending directly up steep faces and cracks and sometimes presenting considerable difficulties, and he encouraged the use of rope-soled slippers and a minimum of metal protective devices in order to avoid destroying the fragile rock.
In 1903, Fehrmann began climbing on the Schrammsteine rocks. Before long, he became one of the best mountain climbers in Saxon Switzerland and ascended a number of important climbing peaks. Among his 'firsts' were, in 1904, the Chinesische Turm (Alter Weg, Saxon grade V), in 1905, the Barbarine (grade VI), the Höllenhund (grade V(VIIa)) and the Schwedenturm (grade V). Among his other firsts, were the Fehrmannweg route (VIIa) on the Mönch in 1904 and the Südriss (VIIb) on the Dreifingerturm in the Schrammsteine in 1906.
Fehrmann also climbed in the Alps and Dolomites, as well, creating new routes there. In 1908, he published a climbing guide for the sandstone spires near Dresden, his favorite area, entitled "Der Bergsteiger in der Sächsischen Schweiz". Fehrmann joined the NSDAP in its early stages, and became a Party functionary. As a lawyer, he served during World War II as a military judge, and passed at least one death sentence on a deserter. He was able, during this time, to work out accessibility issues regarding the rocks along the Elbe, assisting the climbing community. He was captured at the end of the war and interned in an NKVD prisoner camp, where he died a natural death at the age of 61 in 1947.
# AJ Francois

Alexander Joseph "AJ" Francois (born 29 April 2003) is an American-born Dominican footballer who plays as a left back for USL Championship club Austin Bold FC and the Dominican Republic national team.

## Youth career

In 2012, Francois began playing with USSDA side Lonestar Soccer Club, where he played for eight years. He captained the Lonestar U19 ECNL South team as well as playing with the Soccer Academy at St. Stephen's Episcopal School.

## Club career

On 22 September 2020, Francois signed an academy contract, which keeps his college eligibility, with USL Championship side Austin Bold. The following day he made his debut, appearing as an 83rd-minute substitute during a 4–0 win over Sporting Kansas City II.

## International career

Francois' maternal grandparents are Dominican. He made his senior international debut for the Dominican Republic on 19 January 2021.