OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cloquet Valley State Forest

The Cloquet Valley State Forest encompasses 327,098 acres (1,323.7 km$^2$); 48,384 acres (195.8 km$^2$) of which (or 15%) are Minnesota Department of Natural Resources forestry administered lands.
Located in southeast Saint Louis County, the Cloquet Valley State Forest is located about 20 miles (32 km) north of Duluth and 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Virginia, in Minnesota's Arrowhead region. It spreads out over east–central Saint Louis County, generally in areas just north of the city of Duluth, but extending into the valleys of the Ush-kab-wan River, Whiteface River, and Cloquet River, for which it is named. The city of Cloquet is located in adjacent Carlton County.
Recreational activities offered at the Indian Lake campground within the forest include camping, fishing, and a canoe route on the Cloquet River.
The Superior National Forest is located immediately north of the Cloquet Valley State Forest.
Saint Louis County Road 4 and County Road 44 are two of the main routes in the Cloquet Valley State Forest area. County Road 4 runs north–south through the middle of the forest between Island Lake and the community of Markham. County Road 44 runs north–south through the eastern portion of the forest, passing through the community of Brimson at the northeast corner of the forest.
County Road 52 runs east–west through the northwest part of the forest, east of Cotton, passing through the community of Whiteface.
County Road 49 runs east–west through the western portion of the forest. The majority of CR 49 is unpaved gravel surface.
Harris Road runs east–west through the southwest part of the forest. The entire route of Harris Road is unpaved gravel surface.
County Road 547 / UT Road 9230 runs generally east–west through the northern portion of the forest in two separate segments. The first section of the route runs between Whiteface towards Markham. The second section of the route runs from near Markham to Brimson. The entire route of CR 547 / UT 9230 is unpaved gravel surface.
Fauna
The Cloquet Valley State Forest is home to many different animals. Among the animals that live in the forest there are: Pine Marten, Beaver, Otter, Wolves, Bear, White Tail Deer, Fox, Moose, and Lynx. Numerous species of birds can be found in the Cloquet Valley State Forest as well including: Bald Eagles, Great Horned Owls, and Common Loons. Fish found in the waters of the state forest include: Walleye, Musky, Northern Pike, Large/Small Mouth Bass, Yellow Perch, Sunfish and Crappie.
Biome
The Cloquet Valley State Forest sits within the Coniferous forest biome of northeastern Minnesota. Large stands of red and white pine can be found in this forest along with other coniferous trees such as Spruce, Fir, and Tamarack. Mixed in with these conifers are large portions of forest made up of Aspen and Birch.
# Shattered Mirror (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

"Shattered Mirror" is the 92nd episode of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the 20th episode of the fourth season. It was written by Ira Steven Behr and Hans Beimler and achieved a Nielsen rating of 6.5 points when it originally premiered.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the space station Deep Space Nine. This is one of several episodes of the series to feature the Mirror Universe, a parallel universe that is home to more aggressive, mistrustful, and opportunistic doppelgangers of the regular characters of the Star Trek universe, governed by a brutal alliance of the Cardassian and Klingon races. This episode follows up on the events of the third season's "Through the Looking Glass", in which Deep Space Nine's captain Benjamin Sisko met the Mirror Universe double of his late wife Jennifer; in this episode, Jennifer takes Benjamin's son Jake to the Mirror Universe to lure Benjamin back there as well.
Actress Felecia M. Bell returns to play Jennifer. This episode marks the first appearance of the Mirror Universe counterpart of Worf, played by Michael Dorn, who was added to the Deep Space Nine cast at the beginning of the fourth season.

## Plot

Jake Sisko is astonished to find that the Mirror Universe doppelganger of Jennifer Sisko, his late mother, is visiting Deep Space Nine. Jennifer kidnaps Jake back to the Mirror Universe, and Captain Benjamin Sisko must travel there to retrieve his son. Benjamin learns that he was lured to the Mirror Universe to help the Mirror Miles O'Brien prepare their version of the starship Defiant for battle against the Klingon-Cardassian Alliance, in what could mean freedom for the enslaved Terrans (i.e., humans). By this time, the Terrans have taken Terok Nor (the Mirror DS9), and captured the Intendant (Mirror Kira Nerys). They are preparing to defend against a recapture by the Alliance forces led by the Regent (Mirror Worf). Meanwhile, Jake bonds with Jennifer, seeing her as a second chance to have a relationship with his mother. With Benjamin Sisko in command, the rebels' Defiant wins the battle and forces the Regent to retreat. However, during the fight, the Intendant is released by Mirror Nog. In her escape, she kills Mirror Nog and Mirror Jennifer, leaving Jake beside her body, and the Siskos, father and son, must grieve the loss of Jennifer once more.

## Continuity

The Mirror Universe was first introduced to Star Trek in "Mirror, Mirror", an episode of Star Trek: The Original Series which aired on October 6, 1967.
"Shattered Mirror" is the third of five Mirror Universe episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine; the others are "Crossover", "Through the Looking Glass", "Resurrection", and "The Emperor's New Cloak".

## Reception

In 2017, SyFy ranked this the fourth best of the seven Mirror Universe episodes of the Star Trek franchise aired by that date.
# Copper Country State Forest

Copper Country State Forest is a state forest in the west-central Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is operated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

## Overview

Like other Upper Peninsula state forests, Copper Country is made up of clear cut parcels of forest land in thinly settled portions of counties such as Baraga County and Dickinson County. The state of Michigan acquired these land parcels after they had been stripped of their old growth trees in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; today, the state manages the land for reforestation. In many cases, the second-growth trees that have sprouted throughout Copper Country land are pulpwood trees such as aspen and birch.
In addition to pulpwood logging, the Copper Country land is valuable for active recreation, such as camping, fishing, and hunting. Many of the towns and cities of the Upper Peninsula have an active culture of whitetail deer hunting.
# D.A.R. State Forest (Minnesota)

The D.A.R. State Forest is a state forest located in Pine County, Minnesota. It is named after the Daughters of the American Revolution and is located east of Banning State Park. There are no facilities in the forest established for outdoor recreation activities, including hiking. Visitors are recommended to stay at nearby Banning State Park, Nemadji State Forest, or General C. C. Andrews State Forest.
# Delaware State Forest

Delaware State Forest is a 85,114-acre (344.44 km$^2$) Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #19. The main offices are located in Swiftwater in Monroe County, Pennsylvania in the United States.
The forest is in several tracts in Monroe and Pike counties. Northampton County is also in District #19.

## History

Delaware State Forest was formed as a direct result of the depletion of the forests of Pennsylvania that took place during the mid-to-late 19th century. Conservationists like Dr. Joseph Rothrock became concerned that the forests would not regrow if they were not managed properly. Lumber and Iron companies had harvested the old-growth forests for various reasons. They clear cut the forests and left behind nothing but dried tree tops and rotting stumps. The sparks of passing steam locomotives ignited wildfires that prevented the formation of second growth forests. The conservationists feared that the forest would never regrow if there was not a change in the philosophy of forest management. They called for the state to purchase land from the lumber and iron companies and the lumber and iron companies were more than willing to sell their land since that had depleted the natural resources of the forests. The changes began to take place in 1895 when Dr. Rothrock was appointed the first commissioner of the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters, the forerunner of today's Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. The Pennsylvania General Assembly passed a piece of legislation in 1897 that authorized the purchase of "unseated lands for forest reservations." This was the beginning of the State Forest system.

## Neighboring state forest districts

* Pinchot State Forest (north)
* William Penn State Forest (south)
* Weiser State Forest (west)

## State parks

* Big Pocono State Park
* Gouldsboro State Park
* Promised Land State Park
* Tobyhanna State Park

## Natural and wild areas

* Bruce Lake Natural Area
* Buckhorn Natural Area
* Little Mud Pond Swamp Natural Area
* Pennel Run Natural Area
* Pine Lake Natural Area
* Stillwater Natural Area
* Stairway Wild Area
# Downer State Forest

Downer State Forest, also known as Charles Downer State Forest, covers 705 acres (2.85 km$^2$) in Sharon, Vermont in Windsor County. The forest is managed by the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation. The forest was established in 1910 by a gift from Charles Downer to establish a forestry demonstration area.
Activities in the forest include hiking, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, horseback riding, hunting and wildlife viewing. It is also managed for timber resources.
The Vermont Association of Snow Travelers grooms the forest road as a snowmobile trail in the winter.

## History

The forest was established in 1910 by a gift from Charles Downer to create a forestry demonstration area. The forest features conifer plantations he planted. The state forest highway, Camp Downer, and fishing pond were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.
# Elk Neck State Forest

Elk Neck State Forest belongs to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and is managed by the Maryland Forest Service, and is adjacent to the town of North East, in Cecil County. It is often confused with Elk Neck State Park, which lies further south, near the end of the same peninsula.
The main entrance to the state forest (with a parking lot and office) runs north off of Irishtown Road. Other entrances, blocked by gates (to deter vehicles), are located on Huminski Road and Starkey Lane. Visitors to the state forest who are not using the shooting-ranges can park for free. Users of the shooting-ranges need to acquire permits under a self-service honor-system.
This nature area, consisting of 3,300 acres (13 km$^2$), provides hiking trails, hunting opportunities (during legally established hunting seasons), and ranges for archery and for handgun- and rifle-shooting. A portion of the Mason-Dixon Trail runs through this state forest. Although there is a reduced-size area-map of the state forest online, a larger, more detailed map (including Elk Neck State Park) can be purchased from the Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources.
Elk Neck State Forest is part of the Northeastern coastal forests ecoregion. It contains wooded flatland, rolling hills, and marshlands. Plum Creek and Plum Creek Pond form an important water-feature in the south-central area.
The primary, wide, gravel roads within the state forest—labeled as Trails 1, 2, and 3 -- allow limited vehicle traffic (starting from the main entrance, where Trail 1 begins). These forest roads are flanked by thick woods (mixed deciduous trees and evergreens) and provide entrances (for hikers) into some forest-trails. There are small parking areas along these roads, as well as several marked small meadows with blind hunting structures, including one for handicapped hunters. The northwestern corner of Trail 1, in particular, is the location of the shooting ranges.
# Erving State Forest

Erving State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features located north of the Millers River in the towns of Erving, Warwick, and Orange, Massachusetts. The property is centered on Laurel Lake, a 51-acre (21 ha) body of water that has been a popular recreational destination since the 1930s. The forest's network of roads and hiking trails were largely created by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The forest is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

## History

Erving State Forest saw its genesis in 1920 following the passage of legislation enabling the state to purchase new forest lands; at that time it was known as Laurel Lake Forest. The Civilian Conservation Corps worked at Laurel Lake from 1933 to 1937, constructing a beach, campground, picnic area, and new dam among other features. The forest headquarters were a later addition, built in the 1950s.

## Physical properties

The property is largely wooded and hilly and covers a central area roughly 2+1⁄2 by 2+1⁄2 miles wide in central Massachusetts north of the Quabbin Reservoir. It also includes nearby satellite property fragments. Laurel Lake, located in the center of the property, is approximately 1/4 mile wide (N-S) by 1 mile long (E-W) and has approximately 35 houses, the majority of which lie on the northern shore. The lake is so named because of the abundance of mountain laurel flowers that border it.

## Flora and fauna

Laurel Lake is home to large mouth bass, rainbow trout, brook trout, yellow perch, pickerel, eel, and blue gill, snapping and painted turtles, heron, beaver, eastern newt, bullfrog, and leopard frog. The forest itself is home to many animals including black bear, white tail deer, porcupine, coyote, fox, raccoon, and ground squirrel. Aside from the mountain laurel, other common flowers in Erving State Forest include pitcher plants, the daylily variety Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily), and painted trillium.

## Activities and amenities

The state forest is open to hiking, swimming, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, fishing, and seasonal hunting. Laurel Lake has a boat ramp, beach and seasonal campground. Laurel Trail, located behind the ranger station at Laurel Lake beach, offers a view of Mount Monadnock. The 110-mile Metacomet-Monadnock Trail passes through a western parcel of the state forest. Trails are used for snowmobiling and four wheeling.
# Echis ocellatus

Echis ocellatus, known by the common names West African carpet viper and ocellated carpet viper, is a highly venomous species of viper endemic to West Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.
It is responsible for more human fatalities due to snakebite than all other African species combined. An antivenom called Echitab-plus-ICP is manufactured by the Costa Rican Instituto Clodomiro Picado and another called EchiTabG is manufactured by MicroPharm Ltd in the UK.

## Taxonomy

Othmar Stemmler described the species in 1970. It was considered a subspecies of the E. carinatus.
Recent revisions split the species into three, with the recognition of Echis jogeri from Senegal, Guinea and Mali, and Echis romani from eastern Nigeria, southeastern Niger, Cameroon and Chad.
The specific name, ocellatus, is a reference to the distinctive series of "eye-spots" (ocelli) which runs the length of the body.
Common names include African saw-tailed viper, ocellated carpet viper and West African carpet viper.

## Description and behavior

The maximum total length (body + tail) is 65 cm (26 in), possibly more, while the average total length is 30–50 cm (12–20 in). They are characterized by their bulging eyes and short snout, typical of species of the genus Echis. E. ocellatus is terrestrial, nocturnal and crespuscular, it usually goes out to hunt its prey at the first hours of the night, prey like small vertebrates, like mammals, birds, lizards and amphibians, it has already been reported to hunt small invertebrates like centipedes and scorpions. It's a very aggressive viper; it forms its body like a ''S'' and rubs itself making an alert sound with its scales.

## Range and habitat

It is found in West Africa in Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, southern Niger, and Nigeria. Older records from Senegal, Guinea Bissau and Guinea refer to Echis jogeri, and those from eastern Nigeria, Cameroon and southern Chad to Echis romani.
The type locality is described as "Haute Volta, Garango, 048 N, 033 W" (Burkina Faso).
There are also reports of single specimens found in the Bangui in the Central African Republic and in central Sudan. It is rarely found north of the 15th parallel, after which E. leucogaster becomes more common. The geographic range of E. ocellatus extends to the coast via the Dahomey Gap. They are mainly found in savanna and occasionally in wooded areas.

## Reproduction

Sexually mature females lay between 6 and 20 eggs, usually at the end of the dry season in February to March. Hatchlings are 10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in) in total length.

## Venom

It's responsible for more fatalities than all other African snakes combined, its venom is a compound of Procoagulants, anticoagulants, hemorraghins, nephrotoxins and necrotoxins, symptoms of their bites include local pain, swelling, bleeding necrosis and disfigurement which may result in amputation. Systemic symptoms include coagulopathy, hemorraghes, shock, renal failure and blindness. The envenoming rate is 80% and the lethality rate is 10-20%.
# Eothalassius

Eothalassius is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It contains four described species, from Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, Costa Rica and the Mediterranean. It also contains three undescribed species, one from New Caledonia and two from Japan.

## Species

* Eothalassius borkenti Cumming & Brooks, 2011 – Costa Rica
* Eothalassius gracilis Shamshev & Grootaert, 2005 – Thailand, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea
* Eothalassius merzi (Gatt, 2003) – Cyprus, Malta, Mediterranean coast of Turkey
* Eothalassius platypalpus Shamshev & Grootaert, 2005 – Papua New Guinea
# Float voltage

Float voltage is the voltage at which a battery is maintained after being fully charged to maintain that capacity by compensating for self-discharge of the battery. The voltage could be held constant for the entire duration of the cell's operation (such as in an automotive battery) or could be held for a particular phase of charging by the charger. The appropriate float voltage varies significantly with the chemistry and construction of the battery, and ambient temperature.
With the appropriate voltage for the battery type and with proper temperature compensation, a float charger may be kept connected indefinitely without damaging the battery.
However, it should be understood that the concept of a float voltage does not apply equally to all battery chemistries. For instance, lithium ion cells have to be float charged with extra care because if they are float charged at just a little over optimum voltage, which is generally the full output voltage of the lithium cell, the chemical system within the cell will be damaged to some extent.
Some lithium ion variants are less tolerant than others, but generally overheating, which shortens cell life, is likely, and fire and explosion are possible other outcomes. It is important to make certain that the battery cell involved can be safely float charged, and that in the absence of protection from a battery management system, that the charger circuit goes into float charge status when full charge is achieved.

## Lead–acid batteries

Accepted average float voltages for lead–acid batteries at 25 °C can be found in the following table:
| Lead–acid battery type | single-cell (2 V) | 3-cell (6 V) | 6-cell (12 V) |
| Gel battery | 2.18 | 6.53 | 13.05 |
| Flooded lead–acid cell | 2.23 | 6.7 | 13.4 |
| Absorbent glass mat | 2.27 | 6.8 | 13.6 |

### Temperature compensation

Compensation per cell of approximately −3.9 mV/°C (−2.17 mV/°F) of temperature rise is necessary.

### Example 1

A 12 V (6-cell) battery at 30 °C (86 °F) (+5 °C change): (−3.9 mV/°C) × (6 cells) × (5 °C change) = −117 mV 13.4 V (flooded battery float) + (−117 mV) = 13.28 V

### Example 2

A 12 V (6-cell) battery at 20 °C (68 °F) (−5 °C change): (−3.9 mV/°C) × (6 cells) × (−5 °C change) = +117 mV (13.4 V flooded battery float) + (117 mV) = 13.52 V
Not compensating for temperature will shorten battery life by over- or undercharging.
# Heleomyzidae

The Heleomyzidae is a small family of true flies in the insect order Diptera. Over 740 described species of Heleomyzidae occur in about 76 genera distributed throughout the world.

## Description

Heleomyzids are small to medium-sized flies which vary in colour from yellow to reddish yellow or reddish brown to black. The wings often have small but distinctly longer, well-spaced spines mixed with the shorter spines along the leading edge and the crossveins are often clouded.

## Taxonomy

Over 740 described species of Heleomyzidae occur in about 76 genera and 22 tribes distributed throughout the world; the greatest number occur in the Holarctic region. Around 100 species of Heleomyzidae are found in North America. Most of the subfamilies have been commonly recognized as families in the past, but are now included within the Heleomyzidae. The composition and monophyly of the family continues to be controversial. McAlpine recently combined Heleomyzidae and Sphaeroceridae into Heteromyzidae, but this arrangement has not been widely accepted.

## Ecology

Adults of Borboroides and Heleomicra are attracted to carcasses and faeces. Larvae feed on decaying plant and animal matter, mushrooms, and various fungi. The larvae of the Holarctic Suilliinae and Tapeigaster occur principally in fungi. Larvae of Cairnsimyia live in borer tunnels in trees.