OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 268

Year 268 (CCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Paternus and Egnatius (or, less frequently, the year 1021 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 268 for this year has been used since the early medieval period when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* September – Battle of Naissus: Emperor Gallienus, aided by Aurelian, defeats a Gothic coalition (50,000 warriors) near Naissus (Niš, modern Serbia).
* Gallienus is killed by his senior officers at Mediolanum (Milan) while besieging his rival Aureolus. Aureolus is murdered in turn by the Praetorian guard.
* Marcus Aurelius Claudius, who may have murdered Gallienus, becomes the new emperor of Rome and will reign as Claudius II.
* Claudius II asks the Senate to spare the lives of Gallienus's family and political supporters. Emperor Gallienus is deified and buried in a family tomb on the Appian Way.
* The Alamanni invade Italy north of the Po River.
* The Visigoths first appear as distinct people.
* November – Battle of Lake Benacus: A Roman army (35,000 men) under emperor Claudius II defeats the Germanic tribes of the Alamanni along the banks of Lake Garda.

#### Europe

* Victorinus is declared emperor of the Gallic Empire by the legions at Augusta Treverorum (Trier), following the murders of his predecessors. He is recognized by the provinces of Gaul and Britain, but Hispania might have reunited with the Roman Empire.

### By Topic
#### Religion

* December 26 – Pope Dionysius dies in Rome after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by Felix I.

## Deaths

* December 26 – Dionysius, bishop of Rome
* Aureolus, Roman usurper
* Gallienus, Roman emperor (b. 218)
* Laelianus, Roman usurper
* Marcus Aurelius Marius, Roman emperor (Gaul)
* Postumus, Roman emperor of the Gallic Empire
# 490

Year 490 (CDXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Faustus and Longinus (or, less frequently, year 1243 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 490 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Spring – Odoacer receives reinforcements from the south and leaves Ravenna. He defeats the Ostrogoths near Faenza.
* King Theodoric the Great retreats to Ticinum (modern Pavia), where he constructs a fortified camp, which is blockaded.
* Summer – The Burgundians, under King Gundobad, cross the Alps and plunder Liguria. Many Romans are taken into captivity.
* King Alaric II supports Theodoric in his conquest of Italy, by dispatching a Visigoth army to raise Odoacer's siege of Pavia.
* August 11 – Battle of Adda: Theodoric and his ally Alaric II defeat the forces of Odoacer, on the Adda River, near Milan.
* Theodoric and his Ostrogoths lay siege to Ravenna. The cities of Cesena and Rimini retain their allegiance to Odoacer.

#### Asia

* Empress Feng of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty dies. She is buried with magnificent honors, in the Wenming Tomb.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Euphemius becomes patriarch of Constantinople.

## Births

* May 3 – Kʼan Joy Chitam I, ruler of Palenque (d. 565)
* John Philoponus, Aristotelian commentator and philosopher (d. 570)
* Romanos the Melodist, Syrian poet (approximate date)
* Vigilantia, Byzantine princess (approximate date)

## Deaths

* Feng, Chinese empress and regent of Northern Wei (b. 442)
* Peter III Mongus, patriarch of Alexandria
* Theodora of Alexandria, Desert Mother
# 795

Year 795 (DCCXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 795 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Saxon War: The Slav Obodrites, under their ruler Witzan, attack the northern Saxons in Liuni. He is killed in an ambush and succeeded by his son Drożko (Thrasco), who becomes a Carolingian dux. King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expeditionary force north from Mainz, and marches to the Elbe, where eastern Saxon rebels again surrender.
* Charlemagne creates the Hispanic Marches, a buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania. A group of Iberian lordships form a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and the Frankish Kingdom.
* In the earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland, they attack the monasteries at Iona (Inner Hebrides), Inishbofin and Inishmurray (approximate date).

#### Britain

* Quarrels between the kings Cynan Dindaethwy and Hywel leave the way open for Caradog ap Meirion (the House of Rhos) to usurp the throne of Gwynedd (modern Wales).
* King Offa of Mercia receives diplomatic gifts from Charlemagne. He re-founds St. Albans Abbey, supposedly in thanks for overrunning East Anglia (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Religion

* December 25 – Pope Adrian I, age 95, dies after a 23-year reign, and is succeeded by Leo III as the 96th pope of Rome.
* December 26 – Leo III is elected to serve as Pope on the day his predecessor Adrian I was buried and is consecrated the following day
* Paul the Deacon, a Benedictine monk at Monte Cassino, completes the History of the Lombards (approximate date).

## Births

* Æthelwulf, king of Wessex (approximate date)
* Babak Khorramdin, Persian military leader (or 798)
* Bernard of Septimania, Frankish duke (d. 844)
* Gregory IV, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 844)
* Judith of Bavaria, Frankish queen (or 797/805)
* Landulf I, gastald (or count) of Capua (approximate date)
* Lothair I, king and emperor of the Franks (d. 855)
* Mu Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 824)
* Nithard, Frankish historian (d. 844)
* Renaud d'Herbauges, Frankish nobleman (d. 843)

## Deaths

* December 25 – Adrian I, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 700)
* Ælfthryth of Crowland, Anglo-Saxon princess
* Bran Ardchenn, king of Leinster (Ireland)
* Malik ibn Anas, founder of the Maliki School (b. 711)
* Witzan, Obodrite prince
# 505

Year 505 (DV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodorus and Sabinianus (or, less frequently, year 1258 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 505 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* Emperor Anastasius I agrees to pay his share of the cost of defending the Caucasian Gates, against nomadic invasions from East Asia.
* Anastasius I decides to rebuild the village of Dara (Northern Mesopotamia). He constructs a new strategic fortress to guard the frontier.
* The white Huns (Hephthalites) from the Caucasus invade the Persian Empire.

#### Europe

* The Colosseum (Amphitheatrum Flavium) in Rome suffers damage from an earthquake, as it did in 422.

## Births

* Belisarius, Byzantine general (d. 565)
* Dorotheus of Gaza, Christian monk and abbot (approximate date)
* Dynod Bwr, king of Hen Ogledd (approximate date)
* Varāhamihira, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 587)
* Saint Yared, Axumite composer (d. 571)

## Deaths

* Eugenius, bishop of Carthage
* John I, Coptic Orthodox patriarch of Alexandria
# Alfredo Coello

Alfredo Coello (born 18 January 1939) is a Paraguayan sports shooter. He competed in the men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# 247

Year 247 (CCXLVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Philippus and Severus (or, less frequently, year 1000 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 247 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Rome becomes 1,000 years old. The 1,000th anniversary is commemorated with the Ludi Saeculares festivals, celebrated throughout the Roman Empire.
* Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus and his 10-year-old son Marcus Julius Philippus Caesar become Roman Consuls.
* The Goths appear on the lower Danube frontier; they invade Ukraine and Romania.
* Emperor Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome by holding the Ludi Saeculares.
* The last of the two Councils of Arabia in the Roman Christian Church is held in Bostra, Arabia Petraea.

#### Asia

* Himiko of Yamataikoku, in Japan, begins a war against King Himikoku of Kunukoku.
* Cheomhae becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.

## Births

* Pan Yue, Chinese poet and writer of the Jin Dynasty (d. 300)
* Prisca, Roman empress and wife of Diocletian (d. 315)

## Deaths

* Abba Arikha, Babylonian Jewish scholar and rabbi (b. 175)
* Bu Zhi (or Zishan), Chinese general, official and statesman
* Xiang Lang (or Juda), Chinese general, official and politician
* Zhang Chunhua, wife of Sima Yi, regent of the Cao Wei state (b. 189)
# 478

Year 478 (CDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Illus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1231 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 478 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Verina, mother-in-law of Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno, attempts to kill Isaurian general Illus for turning against her brother Basiliscus. A major revolt is led by her son-in-law Marcian and the Ostrogoth warlord Theodoric Strabo, but Illus again proves his loyalty to Zeno by quashing the revolt in 479.

#### Asia

* The first Shinto shrines are built in Japan.
* The Liu Song dynasty ends in China.
* Chinese chronicles record a memorial sent by the "King of Japan" (possibly Yūryaku), who describes himself as "Supreme Director of Military Affairs in Japan and Korea" to the Court of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Chinese emperor responds by confirming the Japanese dynasty in those titles. This is the earliest verifiable date in Japanese history.

## Births

* Narses, Byzantine general (d. 573)

## Deaths

* Lupus of Troyes, French bishop and saint (approximate date)
* Shen Youzhi, Chinese general of Liu Song
# Wolfpack Weddigen

Weddigen was a wolfpack of German U-boats that operated during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.

## Service history

Weddigen was formed in November 1943 off the coast of Portugal, to intercept convoys sailing to and from Gibraltar, Mediterranean and South Atlantic. It was composed of U-boats from the disbanded patrol group Schill, with reinforcements from the North Atlantic and from bases in occupied France.
Weddigen originally numbered seventeen U-boats, though two had been destroyed in recent actions, and two others had to withdraw with damage. On 22 November the thirteen U-boats remaining formed a patrol line west of Portugal to await warning of an Allied convoy.
On 23 November one of the Weddigen boats, U-648, fell in with the frigate HMS Blackwood, of 4th Escort Group accompanying KMS 30 and was destroyed. On 25 November U-600 also fell in with KMS 30, and was attacked by Blackwood and Bazely, and destroyed.
On 27 November the Weddigen boats intercepted Convoy SL 140/MKS 31, and attacked it over the next five days, though without success. On 29 November U-86 was destroyed by aircraft from the carrier USS Bogue, while on 28th U-238 and U-764 had been attacked and damaged, also by aircraft from Bogue.
On 7 December Weddigen was disbanded, a number of U-boats returning to base, while others formed a cadre of a new patrol group, code-named Borkum.

## U-boats involved

Wolfpack Weddigen :
| Name | Flag | Commander | Class | Notes |
| U-86 | Kriegsmarine | Walter Schug | Type VIIC submarine | Sunk 29 November 1943 |
| U-107 | Kriegsmarine | Volker Simmermacher | Type IXB submarine | |
| U-228 | Kriegsmarine | Herbert Engel | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-238 | Kriegsmarine | Horst Hepp | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-262 | Kriegsmarine | Heinz Franke | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-358 | Kriegsmarine | Rolf Manke | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-391 | Kriegsmarine | Gert Dültgen | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-424 | Kriegsmarine | Günter Lüders | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-542 | Kriegsmarine | Christian-Brandt Coester | Type IXC submarine | sunk 28 November 1943 |
| U-586 | Kriegsmarine | Hans Götze | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-600 | Kriegsmarine | Bernhard Zurmühlen | Type VIIC submarine | sunk 25 November 1943 |
| U-618 | Kriegsmarine | Erich Faust | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-648 | Kriegsmarine | Peter-Arthur Stahl | Type VIIC submarine | sunk 23 November 1943 |
| U-714 | Kriegsmarine | Hans-Joachim Schwebcke | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-764 | Kriegsmarine | Hanskurt von Bremen | Type VIIC submarine | |
| U-843 | Kriegsmarine | Oskar Herwartz | Type IXC/40 submarine | |
| U-969 | Kriegsmarine | Max Dobbert | Type VIIC submarine | |

## The name

Weddigen was named for Otto Weddigen, German World War I U-boat ace.
# Chris Lutz

Christopher Ryan Lutz (born February 11, 1985) is a Filipino-American former professional basketball player. He last played for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Lutz grew up in Bedford, New Hampshire.
As a senior in Trinity High School in Manchester, New Hampshire, he averaged 20 points, 5 rebounds and 5 assists per game and was a 3-time member of the first team All-State Selection. To date, he is Trinity's all-time leading scorer with over 1,600 points.
After graduation from Trinity, Chris attended Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, as a postgraduate. At Brewster, Chris averaged 15.5 points per game and emerged as a top-level NCAA D1 recruit. He was an All-New England Prep School selection honoree. He signed a letter-of-intent with Purdue University in November 2004 after receiving interest from Columbia and Vanderbilt.
Playing the guard spot, Chris made it to the Big 10-All Freshmen Team in Purdue University. He then transferred and played for the Marshall University's Thundering Herd where he eventually became team captain.
He would later join the Philippine National Team, Smart Gilas and then the 2011 PBA Draft where he became the 3rd Overall Pick.

## PBA career

Chris filed his application for the 2011 PBA draft in July 2011. And, on August 18, 2011, he was picked 3rd Overall by the Petron Blaze Boosters with whom he signed a 1-year contract in September of the same year.
His PBA debut on October 5, 2011, was quite impressive for a rookie. In the game versus B-Meg Llamados, which they won, Lutz chalked in 19 points, 6 rebounds, 3 assists, and 1 block.
The Meralco Bolts picked Lutz from the free agent pool and signed him in 2017. He is yet to play, though, for his new team due to injuries.

## PBA career statistics

Correct as of October 1, 2016

### Season-by-season averages

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2011–12 | Petron | 32 | 35.5 | .422 | .302 | .809 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 1.1 | .3 | 15.4 |
| 2012–13 | Petron | 43 | 26.1 | .395 | .326 | .783 | 3.1 | 3.5 | .6 | .1 | 8.4 |
| 2013–14 | Petron / San Miguel | 41 | 26.8 | .359 | .250 | .738 | 3.0 | 3.1 | .5 | .1 | 8.6 |
| 2014–15 | San Miguel | 54 | 26.2 | .405 | .275 | .817 | 2.8 | 2.4 | .7 | .1 | 7.6 |
| 2015–16 | San Miguel | 34 | 16.2 | .491 | .333 | .467 | 1.5 | 1.3 | .2 | .0 | 3.6 |
| Career | Career | 204 | 26.1 | .405 | .288 | .776 | 2.8 | 2.8 | .6 | .1 | 8.5 |
# Nucleosys

Nucleosys was a video game developer based in Argentina specializing in the adventure genre.

## History

The company was founded in 2003 by Agustin Cordes and Alejandro Graziani. The studio' s first release was Scratches in 2006. After this release, Nucleosys rebranded as Nucleosys Digital Studio.
On July 15, 2009 Nucleosys was announced to be disbanding. On August 3, 2009 the studio announced via its official site that it would be closing its doors soon. Agustin Cordes later went on to found Senscape.

## Games

Nucleosys's first project Scratches was released in North America on March 8, 2006.
* Scratches (2006)
* Scratches: Director's Cut (2007)
* Risk Profile: Federal Cases (2008)
* Untitled Project (unreleased)
About their final, untitled project, the only information ever released on the company's website was that it would have been a horror first-person adventure, taking place in a single location, over the course of one night, with several characters to interact with.
# Anatomy of a Nation. A History of British Identity in 50 Documents

Anatomy of a Nation. A History of British Identity in 50 Documents is a 2021 history book by the English historian and barrister Dominic Selwood.
It explores over 900,000 years of British identity by examining 50 documents that tell the story of what makes Britain unique: its evolution, achievements, complexities, and tensions.

## Thesis

The book presents Britain's identity as ever-changing. The first humans to find Britain were nomadic hunters, who were followed by more sedentary farmers. A Celtic identity emerged in the late Bronze Age, before giving way to Romano-British culture. Bands of Anglo-Saxons arrived on the withdrawal of Roman power, bringing Germanic culture, which was added to by Viking settlement and conquest, bringing parts of Britain into a wider Anglo-Scandinavian world. Then, in 1066, the Normans arrived, starting several centuries of connection between Britain and France. In later centuries, Africans, Roma, Indians and others arrived, before significant immigration in the mid-twentieth century from the British Empire and former British Empire. Finally, Britain's membership of the European Union brought freedom of movement for EU citizens until Britain left the EU in January 2020 after the 2016 Brexit referendum.
Selwood's thesis is that Britain has had many identities, each of which has been successful in different ways. The challenge for the country is to stop relying on imperial figures like Winston Churchill as the epitome of Britishness, and try to find a new identity for the twenty-first century. To do this, Selwood urges a critical examination of Britain's long history to understand the range of identities Britain has had, and the need to find inspiration in them for a new, modern identity.

## Critical reception

BBC Radio called it "a fantastic book". James Sewry in The Times Literary Supplement noted the book's "range and rich diversity of material" and commended the choice of 50 documents in which "the predictable is far outweighed by the surprising and off-beat … a readable and enjoyable narrative history". The Times called it "An incredible insight into the private lives of people’. The Law Society Gazette said "An absorbing read. One of the joys of Selwood's writing is his cogent analysis. The exhaustive bibliography of sources attests to the depth of Selwood's research. An innovative history eruditely told". Soldier Magazine (the official magazine of the British Army) noted that it is "stimulating ... ambitious ... wide and varied ... clear and lively ... sections on Northern Ireland and the Falklands War are judicious, balanced and well-argued".
# Jaafari

Jaafari may refer to:
* Jaʽfari jurisprudence, the juridical school followed by Twelver and Nizari Shi'a, named after Ja'far al-Sadiq
* Al-Ja'fari, a surname commonly associated with descendants of Ja'far al-Sadiq, including notable people with the surname
# Thomas Garnett (footballer)

Thomas Garnett (1900 – 10 January 1950) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger. He played in the Football League Third Division North for Nelson in the 1921–22 season. His single league appearance for the club came on 14 January 1922 in the 0–2 loss to Ashington at Seedhill.
# Tokorogi Station

Tokorogi Station (所木駅, Tokorogi-eki) was a railway station in Akitakata, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company {JR (W)}.

## Lines

Tokorogi Station was served by the 108.1 km Sankō Line from Gōtsu in Shimane Prefecture to Miyoshi in Hiroshima Prefecture, which closed on 31 March 2018.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Sankō Line |||||
| Nobuki | | Local | | Funasa |

## History

On 16 October 2015, JR West announced that it was considering closing the Sanko Line due to poor patronage. On 29 September 2016, JR West announced that the entire line would close on 31 March 2018. The line then closed on March 31, 2018, with an event hosted by JR West.
# Ozekiyama Station

Ozekiyama Station (尾関山駅, Ozekiyama-eki) was a railway station on the Sankō Line in Miyoshi, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Opened in 1955, the station closed on 31 March 2018 with the closure of the Sanko Line.

## Lines

Ozekiyama Station was served by the 108.1 km Sankō Line from Gōtsu in Shimane Prefecture to Miyoshi in Hiroshima Prefecture, which closed on 31 March 2018.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Sankō Line |||||
| Awaya | | Local | | Miyoshi |

## History

On 16 October 2015, JR West announced that it was considering closing the Sanko Line due to poor patronage. On 29 September 2016, JR West announced that the entire line would close on 31 March 2018. The line then closed on 31 March 2018, with an event hosted by JR West.
# Kami-Yamaguchi Station

Kami-Yamaguchi Station (上山口駅, Kami-Yamaguchi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Kami-Yamaguchi Station is served by the JR West Yamaguchi Line, and is located 13.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shin-Yamaguchi.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. There is no station building and the station is unattended.

## History

Kami-Yamaguchi Station was opened on 10 April 1953. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West).

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 105 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Yamaguchi Red Cross Hospital
* Yamaguchi Municipal Odono Elementary School
* Yamaguchi Municipal Odono Junior High School