OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carolina University of Theology

Carolina University of Theology or CUT was a private Christian university located in Manassas, Virginia, United States, and offered theological degrees by in-person classes and distance learning. It is an affiliate and educational outreach ministry of 'Reconciliation Community Church' of the same locality.

## Mission statement

The mission of Carolina University of Theology is to provide continued educational programs to students who fall into two categories: (1) Those are unable to attend full-time classes on campus. This can be accomplished through the University's home study/online programs. (2) Those who are able to attend on campus classes twice a week.

## History

Carolina University of Theology was founded by Dr. Gene Thompson of Iron Station, North Carolina in 1990−91. The "university" suspended all activities on April 25, 2022 citing lack of students and faculty members. However, this decision to close was 11 days after the University founder, John R. Payton, was arrested for alleged sexual abuse of a 20 year old woman in a "counseling session." This arrest occurred on the campus of CUT and Reconciliation Church.

## Accreditation

Carolina University of Theology, In pursuant to 8 VAC 40-31-50 of the Virginia Administrative Code was granted religious exemption from the Commonwealth of Virginia State Council of Higher Education For Virginia/SCHEV's regulations and is authorized as a degree granting institution. Carolina University is unaccredited by CHEA or the USDE.

## Notable alumni

* Mel Tomlinson
# RD-0120

The RD-0120 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-0120, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-0120, lit. 'Rocket Engine 0120', GRAU index: 11D122) was the Energia core rocket engine, fueled by LH$_2$/LOX, roughly equivalent to the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME). These were attached to the Energia core rather than the orbiter, so were not recoverable after a flight, but created a more modular design (the Energia core could be used for a variety of missions besides launching the shuttle). The RD-0120 and the SSME have both similarities and differences. The RD-0120 achieved a slightly higher specific impulse and combustion chamber pressure with reduced complexity and cost (but it was single-use), as compared to the SSME. It uses a fuel-rich staged combustion cycle and a single shaft to drive both the fuel and oxidizer turbopumps. Some of the Russian design features, such as the simpler and cheaper channel wall nozzles, were evaluated by Rocketdyne for possible upgrades to the SSME. It achieved combustion stability without the acoustic resonance chambers that the SSME required.

## Specifications
### RD-0120

* Thrust (vacuum): 1.8639 MN (190 tons), (sea-level): 1.5171 MN
* Specific impulse (vacuum): 454 seconds (4.45 km/s), (sea-level): 359 seconds (3.52 km/s)
* Burn time: nominal 480–500 s, certified for 1670 s
* Basic engine weight: 3,449 kg
* Length: 4.55 m, diameter: 2.42 m
* Propellants: LOX & LH$_2$
* Mixture ratio: 6:1
* Contractor: Chemical Automatics Design Bureau (Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики)
* Vehicle application: Energia core stage.
# Michael Patrick Stuart Irwin

Michael Patrick Stuart Irwin (1925 – 13 September 2017) was a British-Rhodesian ornithologist.

## Biography

Irwin was born in Northern Ireland and moved to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1949 where he met Reay Smithers, then director of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia in Bulawayo, and soon became collector with the museum. In 1959 he was assistant curator of vertebrates, subsequently curator of ornithology, in 1975 regional director in Bulawayo, and finally associate ornithologist, and as of 2012 a natural history librarian in Norfolk.
Irwin worked closely with Constantine Walter Benson, an authority on central African birds. Together, they expanded the bird collection of the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe until it became the largest both in Africa and in the southern hemisphere. It currently housed over 90,000 specimens from Zimbabwe and neighbouring countries and is one of the museum's greatest resources.
In 1981, Irwin published his best known work The Birds of Zimbabwe, but he had previously published the Bibliography of the Birds of Rhodesia in 1978, and co-authored A Checklist of Birds of Southern Rhodesia (with Reay Smithers) in 1957 and The Birds of Zambia (with Constantine Walter Benson) in 1971. He contributed also to The Birds of Africa series (with Emil K. Urban, Stuart Keith and C. Hilary Fry) and has published more than 300 scientific papers, many of them in the museum's journal Arnoldia.
Irwin described the subspecies Spizocorys conirostris crypta of the pink-billed lark in 1957, the subspecies Eremopterix verticalis khama of the grey-backed sparrow-lark in 1957, the subspecies Calamonastes stierlingi pinto of the Stierling's wren-warbler in 1960, and together with Benson the subspecies Eremopterix verticalis harti in 1965 and the subspecies Mirafra fasciolata reynoldsi of the eastern clapper lark in 1965. In collaboration with Phillip Clancey he described the monotypic genus Arcanator for the dapple-throat in 1986.
Irwin was editor of Honeyguide, an ornithological journal of Bird Life Zimbabwe, for 24 years.
In May 2017, he had a severe fall and in September 2017 he died from the consequences of a hip fracture.
# Louis Schlösser

Louis Schlösser (17 November 1800 – 17 November 1886), born in Darmstadt where he made his career, was a violinist, composer, and conductor. He met Ludwig van Beethoven in 1822, and his recollections of this give a useful impression of Beethoven.

## Life

He was born in Darmstadt in 1800, son of Falk (or Frank) Schlösser. Originally named Lazarus or Löser, he was later known as Louis. His brother Bernhard Schlösser (1802–1859) became a painter in Frankfurt am Main, and his brother Theodor Schlösser became an academy professor in Colmar.
He played violin in the court orchestra of Darmstadt, and studied with Christian Heinrich Rinck. As a talented young musician he received a scholarship, and studied for three years, in Vienna with Ignaz von Seyfried, Joseph Mayseder, Jan Václav Voříšek and Antonio Salieri, and in Paris with Jean-François Le Sueur and Rudolph Kreutzer. He wrote his first compositions in Vienna. In Darmstadt he became concertmaster and from 1846 Hofkapellmeister; he gave concerts as soloist and conductor in Darmstadt and elsewhere. He was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.
Louis Schlösser died in 1886. His grave is in the Jewish cemetery in Darmstadt.

## Compositions

About 70 compositions were published. His works include the operas Das Leben ein Traum and Die Braut des Herzogs, a melodrama Die Jahreszeiten, and music for Goethe's Faust.

## Meeting with Beethoven

Schlösser visited Ludwig van Beethoven in 1822; his recollections first appeared in print in 1885, in "Persönliche Erinnerungen an Beethoven" in the magazine Hallelujah VI, 20–21.
"Standing so near this artist, crowned with glory, I could realize the impression which his distinguished personality, his characteristic head, with its surrounding mane of heavy hair and the furrowed brow of a thinker, could not help but make on everyone.... I wrote down briefly the short questions and bits of information, which I addressed to him on the sheets of paper lying at hand, and he then answered in the greatest detail, so that not only did no hiatus ever occur but his calmness and patience when I asked him to explain certain passages in his scores actually astonished me.... At times, in these conversations, he let fall many sarcastic remarks about the actual art currents of the day in Vienna, which slumbered profoundly under the spell of Italian superficiality...."
Asked how he composes, Beethoven said: "I carry my thoughts about me for a long time, sometimes a very long time, before I set them down.... I make many changes, reject and reattempt until I am satisfied.... I am conscious of what I want, the basic idea never leaves me. It rises, grows upward, and I hear and see the picture as a whole take shape and stand forth before me as though cast in a single piece, so that all is left is the work of writing it down."
# 1998 Wyoming Senate election

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The 1998 Wyoming Senate election was held on November 3, 1998, to elect members to the Wyoming Senate for its 55th session as part of the 1998 United States elections. Partisan primaries were held on August 18. All odd-numbered seats were up for election. Republicans flipped one Democratic seat and Democrats flipped two Republican seats, leading to one net seat gained for the Democrats.
The election was held concurrently with elections for the state house, U.S. Representative, governor along with every other statewide executive offices.

## Detailed results
### General election

In most districts, the general election was not very competitive, as only six out of fifteen were contested, and only two were decided by a margin of fewer than fifteen points.

### Republican primaries

Races in which no candidates filed will not be shown.

### Democratic primaries

Races in which no candidates filed will not be shown.
# Lew Lake

Lew Lake (born Louis Charles Polack; 10 January 1875 – 5 November 1939) was an English comic actor, writer, producer, and theatre manager.

## Life and career

He was born in Shoreditch, London, the son of a Dutch-born cigar maker. Around 1900, he started performing in music halls as a comedian, and soon formed a double act with Bob Morris (1866–1945). They performed a two-act comedy sketch called "The Bloomsbury Burglars", written by Lake, in which Lake (as "Nobbler") and Morris (as "Jerry") played window cleaners who broke into a house to recover some incriminating letters, but were chased over rooftops and eventually caught by the police. The performance introduced the phrase "Stick it, Jerry!", which became a popular catchphrase. It was adopted by soldiers in the First World War, and the term "Jerry" then came to be used as a nickname for German soldiers.
The sketch was filmed in 1912, by A. E. Coleby, as The Bloomsbury Burglars, and on stage Lake and Morris also performed a sequel, "My Pal Jerry". The sketches required a number of extras, and Lake then set up his own company, Lew Lake’s Colossal Comedy Company of Comedians, for which he wrote another sketch, "The Rib-Nosed Baboon", which required 150 extras.
Lake was elected as "King Rat" of the Grand Order of Water Rats, the show business charity, in 1917 and 1918. He became a successful writer and theatrical producer of revues, including the cross-dressing revue Splinters. As a producer, he worked closely with the husband-and-wife team of Arthur Lucan and Kitty McShane in the 1920s, devising several shows featuring the couple as "Old Mother Riley and Daughter". Lake also appeared, performing as "Nobbler", in the 1929 film Splinters, and its sequels, Splinters in the Navy (1931) and Splinters in the Air (1937). In later life, he managed Collins's Music Hall in Islington, then known as Islington Hippodrome, and lived above the premises.
Lew Lake died in Islington in 1939, aged 64. He was buried at Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington, where his grave was restored by the Music Hall Guild in 2015.
His son, Lewis Polack, known as Lew Lake Jr. (1901–1958), continued in the family tradition as a performer and manager of the Islington theatre until his death.
# Pasargadae (Persian tribe)

The Pasargadae were an Iranian tribe from Persis (Parsa in Old Persian) or Persia Proper, in modern southwestern Iran (this ancient country roughly matches with the modern Iranian provinces of Fars or Pars, Bushehr and western Hormozgan). This tribe was one of the three main and leading Persian tribes (the Persians were and are one of the Iranian peoples) alongside the Maraphii and the Maspii. From the Pasargadae came the Achaemenid royal family. The first capital of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Pasargadae, was in the land of this tribe and took its name from them.
# Superstar Chef Challenge

The Superstar Chef Challenge is a reality/competition special produced for the Food Network Canada. Filmed at the Compass Group Canada Culinary Arts Demonstration Theatre and Kitchen Laboratory in Humber Polytechnic's North Campus, it was a pilot for a potential series.

## Description

Hosted by Kevin Brauch (The Thirsty Traveler), the chefs were selected from participants who sent in a five-minute tape of themselves cooking their signature dish. The winner for the first season was Dana McIntyre, and as part of the prize, she got a co-starring role in the Food Network Canada show Just One Bite. The show's supervising producer was Jenna Keane. The special was filmed during Humber Polytechnic's March 2005 Reading Week.
# Caryocolum vicinella

Caryocolum vicinella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in most of Europe, eastwards to the southern Ural.

## Taxonomy

The wingspan is about 12 mm. The head is grey, face whitish. Terminal joint of palpi shorter than second. Forewings fuscous, darker-sprinkled; a whitish suffusion along dorsum, near base extending indistinctly to costa, and prominent upwards in middle of disc, where it is also sometimes connected with costa; stigmata black, second discal often large; a nearly straight rather broad white interrupted fascia at 3/4. Hindwings grey.
Adults are on wing from July to September.
The larvae feed on Cerastium arvense, Dianthus, Lychnis alpina, Lychnis viscaria, Minuartia, Petrorhagia prolifera, Petrorhagia saxifraga, Silene inflata, Silene nutans, Silene vulgaris maritima, Spergularia rubra, Stellaria media, Stellaria nemorum and Stellaria uliginosum. They may mine the leaves of their host plant when young, but this is unconfirmed. Older larvae mine the stem of their host plant, although other sources state they live among spun shoots. Larvae can be found from mid April to the beginning of June.

## Gallery

* A sprig of Silene uniflora eaten by larva.
* A larva of Caryocolum vicinella.
# Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase

The men's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 1948 Summer Olympic Games took place on 3 and 5 August. The final was won by Swede Tore Sjöstrand. Sjöstrand's compatriots, Erik Elmsäter and Göte Hagström took 2nd and 3rd place.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing Olympic records was as follows.
| Volmari Iso-Hollo (FIN) | Olympic record | 9:03.8 | Berlin, Germany | 8 August 1936 |

## Schedule

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1).
| Date | Time | |
| Tuesday 3 August 1948 | 16:15 | Round 1 |
| Thursday 5 August 1948 | 16:15 | Final |

## Results
### Round 1

Round 1 was held on 3 August. The first four runners from each heat advanced to the final.
Heat 1
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time (hand) | Notes |
| 1 | Erik Elmsäter | Sweden | 9:15.0 | Q |
| 2 | Alexandre Guyodo | France | 9:17.2 | Q |
| 3 | Pentti Siltaloppi | Finland | 9:22.4 | Q |
| 4 | Constantino Miranda | Spain | 9:24.2 | Q |
| 5 | Đorđe Stefanović | Yugoslavia | 9:39.6 | |
| 6 | John Doms | Belgium | 9:41.8 | |
| 7 | Peter Curry | Great Britain | | |
| 8 | Bob McMillen | United States | | |
| 9 | Vasilios Mavrapostolos | Greece | | |
Heat 2
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time (hand) | Notes |
| 1 | Raphaël Pujazon | France | 9:20.8 | Q |
| 2 | Göte Hagström | Sweden | 9:22.6 | Q |
| 3 | Petar Šegedin | Yugoslavia | 9:25.0 | Q |
| 4 | Browning Ross | United States | 9:30.4 | Q |
| 5 | Alf Olesen | Denmark | 9:33.6 | |
| 6 | Lucien Theys | Belgium | 9:37.4 | |
| 7 | Mustafa Özcan | Turkey | (9:38.4est) | |
| 8 | Paavo Toivari | Finland | | |
| 9 | Geoffrey Tudor | Great Britain | | |
Heat 3
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time (hand) | Notes |
| 1 | Tore Sjöstrand | Sweden | 9:21.0 | Q |
| 2 | Aarne Kainlauri | Finland | 9:25.8 | Q |
| 3 | Robert Everaert | Belgium | 9:26.4 | Q |
| 4 | Roger Chesneau | France | 9:27.6 | Q |
| 5 | Cahit Önel | Turkey | 9:28.4 | |
| 6 | Whitey Overton | United States | 10:14.4 | |
| 7 | Rene Howell | Great Britain | | |
| 8 | Paul Frieden | Luxembourg | | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time (hand) | Notes |
| | Tore Sjöstrand | Sweden | 9:04.6 | |
| | Erik Elmsäter | Sweden | 9:08.2 | |
| | Göte Hagström | Sweden | 9:11.8 | |
| 4 | Alexandre Guyodo | France | 9:13.6 | |
| 5 | Pentti Siltaloppi | Finland | 9:19.6 | |
| 6 | Petar Šegedin | Yugoslavia | 9:20.4 | |
| 7 | Browning Ross | United States | 9:24.1 | |
| 8 | Constantino Miranda | Spain | 9:26.6 | |
| 9 | Robert Everaert | Belgium | 9:28.2 | |
| 10 | Aarne Kainlauri | Finland | 9:29.0 | |
| 11 | Roger Chesneau | France | 9:30.2 | |
| | Raphaël Pujazon | France | | DNF |
Key: DNF = Did not finish
# Chu Tunan

Chu Tu'nan (simplified Chinese: 楚图南; traditional Chinese: 楚圖南; August 18, 1899 – April 11, 1994) , a native of Wenshan, Yunnan, was a Chinese male politician, who served as a vice-chairperson of the Standing Committee of the 6th National People's Congress and the chairman of the China Democratic League.

## Biography

In 1913, he was admitted to the Union High School in Kunming, and in 1919, he was admitted to the History and Geography Department of the Beijing Higher Normal School (later Beijing Normal University), where he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and edited and published the newspaper Labor Culture under the guidance of Li Dazhao. After graduating in 1920, he returned to Yunnan to teach in a series of high schools and organized a "reading club" among students sympathetic to the Communist Party. In 1926, Li Dazhao informed him that he would go to Northeast China to work for the CPC as a teacher, and in the winter of 1926, he officially became a member of the CPC.
He was arrested and imprisoned from 1930 to 1934 for his involvement in the Jilin School Tide. After his release from prison, he assumed the pseudonym Chu Zeng (Chinese: 楚曾) and became a lecturer and professor at Jinan University in Shanghai. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, he traveled to Kunming via Hong Kong and Haiphong, where he taught in the Department of Literature and History at Yunnan University. In 1943, he joined the China Democratic League (CDL) and became one of the leaders of the Yunnan organization. In 1946, he hosted memorials and protests for Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo after their assassination by Kuomintang. In 1946, he went to Shanghai, where he became a professor at the Shanghai Law School, and then lived in exile in Hong Kong after the ban on the CDL by Kuomintang. In 1949, he participated in the Proclamation of the People's Republic of China at the Tiananmen Square.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he served as the president of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. In 1954, the Chinese Historical Society announced the list of its first board of governors, with Guo Moruo as president, Wu Yuzhang and Fan Wenlan as vice-presidents, and him as a councilor. He was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the CNDL in 1956, and was elected as a vice-chairman of the Central Committee in 1958. During the Cultural Revolution, Chu Tunan was sent down in Minggang, Henan Province, until he was allowed to return to Beijing in 1971.
He was twice elected vice-chairman of the Central Committee of the NLD, in 1979 and 1983, and in 1986 he became Acting Chairman and Chairman of the Central Committee. He also served for a long time as a delegate to the National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and in April 1986 he was elected vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress.
He died on April 11, 1994, at the age of 95 in Beijing.
# Carlos Alberto Flores Gutiérrez

Carlos Alberto Flores Gutiérrez (born 13 July 1974) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party (PAN). From 2000 to 2003 he served as a federal deputy in the 58th Congress, representing the Federal District's sixteenth district.
# Higashiyama Station (Hokkaido)

Higashiyama Station (東山駅, Higashiyama-eki) was a railway station on the Hakodate Main Line in Mori, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido). Opened in 1949, it closed in March 2017.

## Lines

Higashiyama Station was served by the Hakodate Main Line, and was situated 40.1 km from the starting point of the line at Hakodate. The station was numbered "H64".
According to the timetable of March 2009, the station was served by four northbound and four southbound trains per day. Many other trains, including two northbound and one southbound local trains per day, pass through the station.

## History

The station began operation as Higashiyama Signal Box (東山信号場, Higashiyama Shingōjō) on February 26, 1943. On August 1, 1949, it became Higashiyama Temporary Station (東山仮乗降場, Higashiyama Kari-jōkōjō). On April 1, 1987, with the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the station came under the control of JR Hokkaido, and was promoted to become a full station.

### Closure

The station closed following the last day of services on 3 March 2017.
# Karak

Karak may refer to:

## Places

* Al-Karak or Kerak, city in Jordan, named after Kerak Castle
** Karak Governorate, Jordan
* al-Karak, Syria, city in Syria's Daraa Governorate
* Karak Nuh, village in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon
* Karak, Iran (disambiguation)
* Karak, Pahang, town in Malaysia
* Karak Expressway, highway in Malaysia
* Karak, Pakistan, city in Pakistan
** Karak District, district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
* Khirbet Kerak (Karak) or Beth Yerah, archaeological site on the Sea of Galilee, Israel

## Other uses

* Chai karak -- a variation of Masala chai served in the Arab world
* Karak (surname)
* Karak (mascot), the mascot for the 2006 Commonwealth Games
# Hengyang Stadium

Hengyang Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Hengyang, China that was completed in 2012. It will be used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 35,000 spectators. It was due to open in 2012 and broke ground in 2009.
# Víctor Manuel Jorrín

Víctor Manuel Jorrín Lozano (born 13 January 1955) is a Mexican politician and psychiatrist affiliated with the Citizens' Movement (MC). In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the fourth district of Guerrero during the 62nd Congress.