# Library of Congress Classification:Class H -- Social sciences

Class H: Social Sciences is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class H.

## H - Social sciences (General)

1-99.......Social Sciences (General)

## HA - Statistics

1-4737.......Statistics
    29-32.......Theory and method of social science statistics
    36-37.......Statistical services. Statistical bureaus
    38-39.......Registration of vital events. Vital records
    154-4737.......Statistical data
       154-155.......Universal statistics
       175-473.......By region or country

## HB - Economic theory; Demography

1-3840.............Economic theory. Demography
    71-74.............Economics as a science. Relation to other subjects
    75-130............History of economics. History of economic theory (Including special economic schools)
    131-147...........Methodology
       135-147..........Mathematical economics. Quantitative methods (Including econometrics, input-output analysis, game theory)
    201-206...........Value. Utility
    221-236...........Price
    238-251...........Competition. Production. Wealth
    501...............Capital. Capitalism
    522-715...........Income. Factor shares
       535-551..........Interest
       601..............Profit
       615-715..........Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property
    801-843...........Consumption. Demand
    846-846.8.........Welfare theory
    848-3697..........Demography. Population. Vital events
    3711-3840.........Business cycles. Economic fluctuations

## HC - Economic history and conditions

10-1085.......Economic history and conditions
    79...........Special topics (Including air pollution, automation, consumer demand, famines, flow of funds, etc.)
    92...........Economic geography of the oceans (General)
    94-1085......By region or country

## HD - Industries; Land use; Labor

28-9999...........Industries. Land use. Labor
    28-70............Management. Industrial management
       39-40.7.........Capital. Capital investments
       41..............Competition
       45-45.2.........Technological innovations. Automation
       47-47.4.........Costs
       49-49.5.........Crisis management. Emergency management. Inflation
       50-50.5.........Delegation of authority. Decentralization. Span of control
       56-57.5.........Industrial productivity
       58..............Location of industry
       58.7-58.95......Organizational behavior, change and effectiveness. Corporate culture
       59-59.6.........Public relations. Industrial publicity
       60-60.5.........Social responsibility of business
       61..............Risk in industry. Risk management
       62..............Standardization. Simplification. Waste
       62.2-62.8.......Management of special enterprises
       66-66.2.........Work groups. Team work in industry. Quality circles
       69..............Other (Including business consultants, capacity, size of industries, etc.)
    72-88............Economic growth, development, planning
    101-1395.5.......Land use. Land tenure
       1286-1289.......Communal ownership
       1290-1291.......Municipal ownership
       1301-1313.......Nationalization (Agrarian socialism)
       1326-1329.......Large holdings
       1330-1331.......Landlord and peasant
       1332-1333.5.....Land reform. Agrarian reform
       1334-1335.......Consolidation of land holdings
       1336-1339.......Small holdings. Peasant proprietors. Parcellation
       1361-1395.5.....Real estate business
    1401-2210........Agriculture
       1428-1431.......International cooperation
       1470-1476.......Size of farms
       1478............Sharecropping
       1483-1486.......Agricultural associations, societies, etc.
          1491-1491.5....Cooperative agriculture
       1492-1492.5.....Collective farms
       1493-1493.5.....Government owned and operated farms. State farms. Sovkhozes
       1501-1542.......Agricultural classes (Including farm tenancy, agricultural laborers)
       1549............Gleaning
       1580............Reclamation of agricultural land. Melioration
       1635-1702.......Utilization and culture of special classes of lands (Including pasture lands, water resources development)
       1711-1741.......Irrigation
    2321-4730.9......Industry
       2329............Industrialization
       2330............Rural industries
       2331-2336.......Home labor. Home-based businesses
       2337-2339.......Sweatshops
       2340.8-2346.5...Small and medium-sized businesses, artisans, handicrafts, trades
       2350.8-2356.....Large industry. Factory system. Big business
       2365-2385.......Contracting. Letting of contracts
       2421-2429.......Trade associations
       2709-2930.7.....Corporations (Including international business enterprises, diversification, industrial concentration, public utilities)
       2951-3575.......Cooperation. Cooperative societies
       3611-4730.9.....Industrial policy. The state and industrial organization (Including licensing of occupations and professions, subsidies, inspection, government ownership, municipal services)
    4801-8943........Labor. Work. Working class
       4861-4895.......Labor systems
       4909-5100.9.....Wages
       5106-5267.......Hours of labor (Including overtime, shift work, sick leave, vacations)
       5306-5474.......Labor disputes. Strikes and lockouts
       5481-5630.7.....Industrial arbitration. Mediation and conciliation
       5650-5660.......Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils
       5701-6000.9.....Labor market. Labor supply. Labor demand (Including unemployment, manpower policy, occupational training, employment agencies)
       6050-6305.......Classes of labor (Including women, children, students, middle-aged and older persons, minorities)
       6350-6940.7.....Trade unions. Labor unions. Workers' associations
       6941-6948.......Employers' associations
       6951-6957.......Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor
       6958.5-6976.....Industrial relations
       6977-7080.......Cost and standard of living
       7088-7252.......Social insurance. Social security. Pension
       7255-7256.......Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities
       7260-7780.8.....Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare
       7795-8027.......Labor policy. Labor and the state
       8031............Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
       8038............Professions (General). Professional employees
       8039............By industry or trade
       8045-8943.......By region or country
    9000-9999........Special industries and trades
       9000-9495.......Agricultural industries
       9502-9502.5.....Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade
       9506-9624.......Mineral industries. Metal trade
       9650-9663.......Chemical industries
       9665-9675.......Pharmaceutical industry
       9680-9714.......Mechanical industries (Including electric utilities, electronic industries, and machinery)
       9715-9717.5.....Construction industry
       9720-9975.......Manufacturing industries
       9999............Miscellaneous industries and trades

## HE - Transportation and communications

1-9990............Transportation and communications
    199-199.5........Freight (General)
    199.9............Passenger traffic (General)
    305-311..........Urban transportation
    323-328..........Transportation geography. Trade routes
    331-380..........Traffic engineering. Roads and highways. Streets
       369-373.........Traffic surveys (General)
       374-377.........Bridges
       379-380.........Tunnels. Vehicular tunnels
    380.8-971........Water transportation
       380.8-560.......Waterways
       561-971.........Shipping
          730-943........Merchant marine. Ocean shipping. Coastwise shipping
    1001-5600........Railroads. Rapid transit systems
    5601-5725........Automotive transportation (Including trucking, bus lines, and taxicab service)
    5746-5749........Stage lines
    5751-5870........Ferries
    5880-5990........Express service
    6000-7500........Postal service. Stamps. Philately
    7511-7549........Pneumatic service
    7601-8700.95.....Telecommunication industry. Telegraph
       8660-8688.......Wireless telegraph. Radiotelegraphy
       8689-8700.95....Radio and television broadcasting
    8701-9680.7......Telephone industry
    9713-9715........Cellular telephone services industry. Wireless telephone industry
    9719-9721........Artificial satellite telecommunications
    9723-9737........Signaling
    9751-9756........Messenger service
    9761-9900........Air transportation. Airlines

## HF - Commerce

1-6182...............Commerce
    294-343.............Boards of trade. Chambers of commerce. Merchants' associations
    1014................Balance of trade
    1021-1027...........Commercial geography. Economic geography
    1040-1054...........Commodities. Commercial products
    1701-2701...........Tariff. Free trade. Protectionism
    3000-4055...........By region or country
    5001-6182...........Business
       5381-5386..........Vocational Guidance. Career development
       5387-5387.5........Business ethics
       5410-5417.5........Marketing. Distribution of products
       5419-5422.......... Wholesale trade
       5428-5429.6........ Retail trade
       5429.7-5430.6......Shopping centers. Shopping malls
       5437-5444..........Purchasing. Selling. Sales personnel. Sales executives
       5446-5459..........Canvassing. Peddling
       5460-5469.5........Department stores. Mail order business. Supermarkets. Convenience stores
       5469.7-5481........Markets. Fairs
       5482-5482.4........Secondhand trade
       5482.6-5482.65.....Black market
       5484-5495..........Warehouses. Storage
       5520-5541..........Office equipment and supplies
       5546-5548.6........Office management
       5548.7-5548.85.....Industrial psychology
       5549-5549.5........Personnel management. Employment management
       5601-5689..........Accounting. Bookkeeping
       5691-5716..........Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic (Including tables, etc.)
       5717-5734.7........Business communication (Including business report writing, business correspondence)
       5735-5746..........Business records management
       5761-5780..........Shipment of goods. Delivery of goods
       5801-6182..........Advertising

## HG - Finance

1-9999...............Finance
    178.................Liquidity
    179.................Personal finance
    201-1496............Money
       258-312............Precious metals. Bullion
       315................Small coins
       321-329............Mints. Assaying
       335-339............Counterfeiting
       348-353.5..........Paper money
       361-363............Legal tender
       381-395............International coinage
       401-421............Bimetallism
       451-1496...........By region or country
    1501-3550...........Banking
       1621-1638..........Interest rates. Interest tables
       1641-1643..........Bank loans. Bank credit. Commercial loans
       1651-1654..........Discount
       1655...............Acceptances
       1656...............Bank reserves. Bank liquidity. Loan loss reserves
       1660...............Bank accounts. Bank deposits. Deposit banking
       1662...............Insurance of deposits. Deposit insurance
       1685-1704..........Drafts. Checks
       1706-1708..........Accounting. Bookkeeping
       1709...............Data processing
       1710-1710.5........Electronic funds transfers
       1722...............Bank mergers
       1723...............Bank stocks. Banking as an investment
       1725-1778..........Banks and the state. State supervision of banks
       1811-2351..........Special classes of banks and financial institutions
       2397-3550..........By region or country
    3691-3769...........Credit. Debt. Loans (Including credit institutions, credit instruments, consumer credit, bankruptcy)
    3810-4000...........Foreign exchange. International finance. International monetary system
    4001-4285...........Finance management. Business finance. Corporation finance
    4301-4480.9.........Trust services. Trust companies
    4501-6051...........Investment, capital formation, speculation
       4530...............Investment companies. Investment trusts. Mutual funds
       4538...............Foreign investments
       4551-4598..........Stock exchanges
       4621...............Stockbrokers. Security dealers. Investment advisers
       4701-4751..........Government securities. Industrial securities. Venture capital
       4900-5993..........By region or country
       6001-6051..........Speculation
    6105-6270.9.........Lotteries
    8011-9999...........Insurance
       8053.5-8054.45.....Insurance for professions. Malpractice insurance. Professional liability insurance
       8059...............Business insurance
       8075-8107..........Insurance business. Insurance management
       8111-8123..........Government policy. State supervision
       8205-8220..........Government insurance
       8501-8745..........By region or country
       8751-9295..........Life insurance
       8779-8793..........Actuarial science. Statistical theory and methodology applied to insurance
       8799-8830..........By class insured, by risk, by plan
       8835-8899..........Life insurance business. Management
       8901-8914..........Government policy. State supervision
       8941-9200.5........By region or country
       9201-9245..........Mutual life insurance. Assessment life insurance. Fraternal life insurance
       9251-9262..........Industrial life insurance
       9271...............Child insurance. Life insurance for children
       9291-9295..........Maternity insurance
       9301-9343..........Accident insurance
       9371-9399..........Health insurance
       9651-9899..........Fire insurance
       9956-9969..........Casualty insurance
       9969.5-9999........Other insurance (Including automobile, burglary, credit, disaster, title )

## HJ - Public finance

9-9940..............Public finance
    9-99.8 ............Periodicals. Serials. By region or country
    210-240............History
    241-1620...........By region or country
    2005-2216..........Income and expenditure. Budget
    2240-5908..........Revenue. Taxation. Internal revenue
    2321-2323..........Tax incidence. Tax shifting. Tax equity
    2326-2327..........Progressive taxation
    2336-2337..........Tax exemption
    2338...............Taxation of government property
    2351...............Inflation and taxation
    2351.4.............Tax revenue estimating
    2361-3192.7........By region or country
    3801-3844..........Revenue from sources other than taxation
    3863-3925..........Direct taxation
    4113-4601..........Property tax
    4629-4830..........Income tax
    4919-4936..........Capitation. Poll tax
    5309-5510..........Administrative fees. User charges. License fees
    6603-7390.......... Customs administration
    7461-7980..........Expenditures. Government spending
    8001-8899..........Public debts
       8052..............Sinking funds. Amortization
       8101-8899.........By region or country
    9103-9695..........Local finance. Municipal finance.
    9701-9940..........Public accounting. Auditing

## HM - Sociology (General)

1-1281............Sociology
    1-299............These numbers are obsolete and no longer used by the Library of Congress
    435-477..........History of sociology. History of sociological theory
       461-473.........Schools of sociology. Schools of social thought
    481-554..........Theory. Method. Relations to other subjects
    621-656..........Culture
    661-696..........Social control
    701..............Social systems
    706..............Social structure
    711-806..........Groups and organizations
       756-781.........Community
       786-806.........Organizational sociology. Organization theory
    811-821..........Deviant behavior. Social deviance
    826..............Social institutions
    831-901..........Social change
    1001-1281........Social psychology
       1041-1101.......Social perception. Social cognition
       1106-1171.......Interpersonal relations. Social behavior
       1176-1281.......Social influence. Social pressure

## HN - Social history and conditions; Social problems; Social reform

1-995.........Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
    30-39........The church and social problems
    41-46........Community centers. Social centers
    50-995.......By region or country

## HQ - The family; Marriage; Woman; Sexuality

1-2044...............The Family. Marriage. Women
    12-449..............Sexual life
       19-30.7............Sexual behavior and attitudes. Sexuality
       31-64..............Sex instruction and sexual ethics
       71-72..............Sexual deviations
       74-74.2............Bisexuality
       75-76.8............Homosexuality. Lesbianism
       77-77.2............Transvestism
       77.7-77.95.........Transsexualism
       79.................Sadism. Masochism. Fetishism, etc.
       101-440.7..........Prostitution
       447................Masturbation
       449................Emasculation. Eunuchs, etc.
    450-472.............Erotica
    503-1064............The family. Marriage. Home
       750-755.5..........Eugenics
       755.7-759.92.......Parents. Parenthood
       760-767.7..........Family size
       767.8-792.2........Children. Child development
       793-799.2..........Youth. Adolescents. Teenagers
       799.5-799.9........Young men and women
       799.95-799.97......Adulthood
       800-800.4..........Single people
       801-801.83.........Man-woman relationships. Courtship. Dating
       802................Matrimonial bureaus. Marriage brokerage
       802.5..............Matrimonial advertisements
       803................Temporary marriage. Trial marriage. Companionate marriage
       804................Breach of promise
       805................Desertion
       806................Adultery
       811-960.7..........Divorce
       961-967............Free love
       981-996............Polygamy
       997................Polyandry
       998-999............Illegitimacy. Unmarried mothers
       1001-1006..........The state and marriage
       1051-1057..........The church and marriage
       1058-1058.5........Widows and widowers. Widowhood
       1060-1064..........Aged. Gerontology (Social aspects). Retirement
    1073-1073.5.........Thanatology. Death. Dying
    1075-1075.5.........Sex role
    1088-1090.7.........Men
    1101-2030.7.........Women. Feminism
       1871-2030.7........Women's clubs
    2035-2039...........Life skills. Coping skills. Everyday living skills
    2042-2044...........Life style

## HS - Societies: secret, benevolent, etc.

1-3371............Societies: secret, benevolent, etc.
    101-330.7........Secret societies
    351-929..........Freemasons
    951-1179.........Odd Fellows
    1201-1350........Knights of Pythias
    1355.............Other societies
    1501-2460.7......Other societies. By classes
       1501-1510.......Benevolent and "friendly" societies and mutual assessment fraternities
       1525-1560.......Religious societies
       1601-2265.......Race societies
       2275............Occupation societies
       2301-2460.7.....Political and "patriotic" societies
    2501-3371........Clubs. Clubs and societies for special classes (Including boys' societies, Boy scouts, girls' societies)

## HT - Communities; Classes; Races

51-1595............Communities. Classes. Races
    51-65.............Human settlements. Communities
    101-395...........Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology
       161-165..........Garden cities. "The city beautiful"
       165.5-169.9......City planning
       170-178..........Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment
       201-221..........City population (Including children in cities, immigration)
       231..............Effect of city life
       251-265..........Mental and moral life
       281..............Recreation. Amusements
       321-325..........The city as an economic factor. City promotion
       330-334..........Metropolitan areas
       351-352..........Suburban cities and towns
       361-384..........Urbanization. City and country
       388..............Regional economics. Space in economics
       390-395..........Regional planning
    401-485...........Rural groups. Rural sociology
    601-1445..........Classes
       621-635..........Origin of social classes
       641-657..........Classes arising from birth (Including royalty, nobility, commons)
       675-690..........Classes arising from occupation
       713-725..........Caste system
       731..............Freedmen
       751-815..........Serfdom
       851-1445.........Slavery
    1501-1595.........Races (Including race as a social group and race relations in general)

## HV - Social pathology; Social and public welfare; Criminology

1-9960................Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
    40-69................Social service. Social work. Charity organization and practice
    85-525...............By region or country
    530..................The church and charity
    541..................Women and charity
    544..................Charity fairs, bazaars, etc.
    544.5................International social work
    547..................Self-help groups
    551.2-639............Emergency management
       553-639.............Relief in case of disasters
          560-583............Red Cross. Red Crescent
          599-639............Special types of disasters
    640-645..............Refugee problems
    650-670..............Life saving
    675-677..............Accidents. Prevention of accidents
    680-696..............Free professional services. Including medical charities
    697-4959.............Protection, assistance and relief
       697-3024............Special classes
          697-700.7..........Families. Mothers. Widow's -pensions
          701-1420.5.........Children
             835-847...........Foundlings
             873-887...........Destitute, neglected, and abandoned children. Street children
             888-907...........Children with disabilities
             931-941...........Fresh-air funds
             959-1420.5........Orphanages. Orphans
          1421-1441..........Young adults. Youth. Teenagers
          1442-1448..........Women
          1449...............Gay men. Lesbians
          1450-1494..........Aged
          1551-3024..........People with disabilities, Including blind, deaf, people with physical and mental disabilities
       3025-3174...........Special classes. By occupation
          3025-3163..........Mariners
          3165-3173..........Shop women, clerks, etc.
          3174...............Other. By occupation
       3176-3199...........Special classes. By race or ethnic group
       4005-4013...........Immigrants
       4023-4470.7.........Poor in cities. Slums
       4480-4630...........Mendicancy. Vagabondism. Tramps. Homelessness
       4701-4890.9.........Protection of animals. Animal rights. Animal welfare
       4905-4959...........Animal experimentation. Anti-vivisection
    4961-4995............Degeneration
    5001-5720.5..........Alcoholism. Intemperance. Temperance reform
    5725-5770............Tobacco habit
    5800-5840............Drug habits. Drug abuse
    6001-7220.5..........Criminology
    6035-6197............Criminal anthropology (Including criminal types, criminal psychology, prison psychology, causes of crime)
    6201-6249............Criminal classes
    6250-6250.4..........Victims of crimes. Victimology
    6251-6773.55.........Crimes and offenses
    6774-7220.5..........Crimes and criminal classes
    7231-9960............Criminal justice administration
       7428................Social work with delinquents and criminals
       7431................Prevention of crime, methods, etc.
       7435-7439...........Gun control
       7551-8280.7.........Police. Detectives. Constabulary
          7935-8025..........Administration and organization
          8031-8080..........Police duty. Methods of protection
             8035-8069.........Special classes of crimes, offenses and criminals
             8073-8079.35......Investigation of crimes. Examination and identification of prisoners
             8079.2-8079.35....Police social work
             8079.5-8079.55....Traffic control. Traffic accident investigation
          8081-8099..........Private detectives. Detective bureaus
          8130-8280.7........By region or country
       8290-8291...........Private security services
       8301-9920.7.........Penology. Prisons. Corrections
          9051-9230.7........The juvenile offender. Juvenile delinquency. Reform schools, etc.
          9261-9430.7........Reformation and reclamation of adult prisoners
          9441-9920.7........By region or country
       9950-9960...........By region or country

## HX - Socialism; Communism; Anarchism

1-970.9............Socialism. Communism. Anarchism
    519-550...........Communism/socialism in relation to special topics
    626-696...........Communism: Utopian socialism, collective settlements
    806-811...........Utopias. The ideal state
    821-970.9.........Anarchism