OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yorks Wood

Yorks Wood is a Local Nature Reserve in Kingshurst, Solihull, England. It is an 11 hectares (27 acres) ancient wood of predominantly oak trees. The River Cole is located south of the wood and located within Kingfisher Country Park.

## History

The first mention of the wood is in 1456. It was stated as being owned by the Mountford family and being located within Kingshurst Park. The wood received its current name in the 19th century and by the 1920s, it was under the ownership of the Scout movement. In the 1970s, the fields surrounding the wood were sold to make way for housing development. The wood was preserved in the 1960s when the Kingshurst Hall Estate was completed so that it could act as a buffer between the estate and other nearby estates. Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council bought the wood in 1984 and designated it as a Local Nature Reserve in 1991.

## Nature

During May, the floor of the wood is covered in bluebells and towards the closing of the year, fungi can be seen. During spring, wood anemone, and celandine are located in different parts of the forest.
The wood is home to various species of birds, such as spotted woodpeckers and sparrowhawks, which breed throughout the year there.
The most common species of trees found growing within the wood are birch and oak. Ash and willow trees are found within the wood along with invasive species such as sycamore. As sycamore trees do not support as much wildlife as the native tree species, its presence is controlled.
# Mount Baldhead

Mount Baldhead, also known as Mt. Baldy and Radar Hill, is a tall dune about seventy miles north of the Indiana border on the west shore of Michigan in Allegan County.
Mount Baldhead is a 230-foot sand dune located on a narrow strip of land between Lake Michigan and Kalamazoo River, directly across the river from downtown Saugatuck. It has an elevation of 804 feet (245 meters).
A set of 302 stairs leads up the east side of the dune from a parking lot adjacent to Kalamazoo River to the Mount Baldhead Park at the top of the dune. A deck at the top of the stairs commands a view miles inland, with downtown Saugatuck below, immediately across the river, and Douglas just to the south. A number of trails lead down the wooded west side of the dune to the lake shore.
Also at the top of the dune is the Saugatuck Gap Filler Annex, an amazingly intact Cold War radar installation appearing almost exactly as it did during the Cold War era. The Saugatuck gap-filler is believed to be the last of the hundreds of SAGE system radars in public hands with nearly all of its Cold War era equipment still in place.
Mt. Baldy is also host to the very popular annual Mount Baldhead Challenge multi-terrain foot race which, of course, includes a jaunt up the stairs and contributes all proceeds to the Boys & Girls Club of Saugatuck/Douglas.
# Madhusudana

Madhusudana (Sanskrit: मधुसूदन, romanized: Madhusūdana) is an epithet of Vishnu or Krishna and is the 73rd name in the Vishnu Sahasranama.
According to Adi Sankara's commentary on the Vishnu Sahasranama, Madhusudana means the "destroyer of Madhu".

## Literature

The death of Madhu and the origin of the epithet is described in the Padma Purana:
   Then Madhu, screened with darkness, quickly disappeared. Through his illusion he dropped a hundred mountains on (the body of) Viṣṇu. Then in the battle, getting into the darkness, he cut off the mountains, and angrily cut off his head with his (disc called) Sudarśana. Then gods like Brahmā and Śiva made him known as ‘Madhusūdana’ in the worlds.
# Dogie Butte

Dogie Butte is a summit in Harding County, South Dakota, in the United States. With an elevation of 3,248 feet (990 m), Dogie Butte is the 246th highest summit in the state of South Dakota.
# Suicide in Ukraine

Suicide in Ukraine is a common cause of unnatural death and a serious social issue. In 2009, Ukraine ranked 13th in the world by its total suicide per 100,000 people. Suicide is Ukraine's most common type of injury death.

## Statistics

Suicide rates (per 100,000), by gender, Ukraine, 1981-2009 :
| Gender | 1981 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2009 |
| Male | 40.8 | 37.7 | 34.6 | 50.2 | 52.1 | 40.9 | 37.8 |
| Female | 9.3 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Total | 23.7 | 22.3 | 20.7 | 28.4 | 29.6 | 22.6 | 21.2 |
| Source: World Health Organization ||||||||
Number of suicides by age group and gender. Ukraine, 2009 :
| Age (years) | 5-14 | 15-24 | 25-34 | 35-44 | 45-54 | 55-64 | 65-74 | 75+ | All |
| Males | 34 | 906 | 1504 | 1423 | 1710 | 1020 | 862 | 532 | 7992 |
| Females | 19 | 148 | 186 | 216 | 286 | 243 | 313 | 313 | 1724 |
| Total | 53 | 1054 | 1690 | 1639 | 1996 | 1263 | 1175 | 845 | 9716 |
| Source: World Health Organization ||||||||||

## Suicide in Ukrainian army

Suicide was a leading cause of death in Ukrainian Army in 2012, before the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine war, causing 18% to 50% of all deaths, because of underfunding and neglect. Long-lasting psychogenic disorders caused by difficulties with Army lifestyle, inability to adopt to the environment and the stress of life are the primary reasons of suicides.
Multicenter Study on Parasuicides did a 1-year monitoring of suicidal behavior among Ukrainian soldiers based on World Health Organization guidelines. The study revealed–
* Average age of suicide attempters was 19.9 years.
* 65% of suicide attempts required hospital treatment, others needed outpatient examination.
* Frequent suicide attempt methods included–
** Hanging (54.5%)
** Cutting (27.3%)
** Jumping from high places (9.1%)
** Overdose of barbiturates or other sedative drugs (9.1%).

## Notable Ukrainians who committed suicide

* Oleksandr Kovalenko, professional footballer, died via suicide by jumping from his apartment
* Vasyl Yevseyev, footballer and coach, suicide by jumping
* Mykhailo Chechetov, politician, deputy head and chief whip of Party of Regions, suicide by jumping from his apartment

## Suicide prevention

The Ukrainian Government and different national and international organizations make individual attempts and initiatives to prevent suicides in Ukraine. Various associations provide help and suggestions to people who are trying to die by suicide.
| Association | Address | Way to contact | Hotline | Hours |
| Telephone of confidence "Stavropyghion-058" Lviv | PO Box 1067 1290000, LVIV | Phone | 058 | Everyday 00:00 - 23:00 |
| Odesa | | 1) Face to face 2) Phone | 0487 327715, 0482 226565 | Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri: 10:00 - 08:00, Sat, Sun: 19:00 - 08:00 |
| Source: Suicide.org |||||
# Saurauia malayana

Saurauia malayana is a species of plant in the family Actinidiaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# PorchLight Home Entertainment

PorchLight Home Entertainment was a home video distributor and subsidiary of PorchLight Entertainment which released content on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States.

## History

PorchLight Entertainment announced the formation of PorchLight Home entertainment on June 26, 2007, announcing that their first two planned releases would be A Tad of Christmas Cheer and A Christmas Carol for Annie.
On April 24, 2008, PorchLight launched a Christian content sub-label called PorchLight INSPIRE. On May 5, the company announced to enter the Blu-ray market. The company launched another label later on in the year - Ocean Park Home Entertainment, for independent film acquisitions.
In August 2009, PorchLight appointed Canada-based E1 Entertainment as the distributor for their products. Following this deal, PorchLight Home Entertainment went dormant, with their last planned release - Broken Hill, planned for a Summer 2010 release, instead being released by Entertainment One in 2011.

## Releases

Products released by the subsidiary were either existing content from PorchLight's content library or third-party acquisitions.
* Adventures from the Book of Virtues
* Jay Jay the Jet Plane
* LeapFrog

### Acquired

* 64 Zoo Lane
* Animalia
* Boowa & Kwala
* FARMKIDS
* Funky Valley
* Funky Town
* Grizzly Tales for Gruesome Kids
* The Lampies
* Little Leaders
* Loopdidoo
* Zakland

### Film Acquisitions

* Dear Me, a Blogger's Tale
* Together Again
# Dome Rock

Dome Rock is an andesite formation of the Old Cascades in the Willamette National Forest. The mountain is best known for its hiking trail that goes to the summit. Dome Rock lies in Linn County, Oregon. About 3 miles southeast of Dome Rock is the small town of Detroit.
# Delirium Café

Delirium Café is a bar in Brussels, Belgium, known for its long beer list, standing at 2,004 brands in January 2004 as recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. On offer are beers from over 60 countries, including many Belgian beers. The bar's name comes from the beer Delirium Tremens (produced by the Huyghe family brewery), the pink elephant symbol of which also decorates the bar's entrance.
The bar is located in a small alley called the Impasse de la Fidélité/Getrouwheidsgang ("Fidelity Alley"), only a couple of hundred metres from the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square). The Jeanneke Pis statue is across the street from the entrance.

## History

The establishment was founded in December 2003 by Joël Pêcheur, Fabienne Charles and Jean De Laet. A month later, it was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the establishment offering the most different brands of beer in the world (in this case 2004, imported from over 60 countries). By the mid-2000s, the bar was selling 1,500 hl of beer a year.
Delirium Café has been expanded internationally, opening 26 franchises as of 2024, including in Rio de Janeiro (2010), Tokyo (2011), São Paulo (2014), Lisbon (2017), Toulouse and Reims (dates unknown), Leesburg (2017), Strasbourg (2017), and Kuala Lumpur (2018).
* Location (on the left) in the Impasse de la Fidélité/Getrouwheidsgang
* Interior of the café on a busy weekday night
* Beer taps serving some of the most popular brands
# Kenneth Saggers

Kenneth Saggers (4 July 1936 – 31 January 2014) was a South African cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Griqualand West, Northerns and Orange Free State between 1958 and 1971.
# Joy Mukena

Joy Richard Mpinga Mukena (born 3 July 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL League One club Crawley Town.

## Career

Mukena began his career with Tottenham Hotspur, but moved to Watford in 2017, where he turned professional. He was named on the bench for the senior team's 4–1 win over Chelsea on 5 February 2018, but was ultimately an unused substitute.
On 21 August 2020, Mukena signed for National League South side St Albans City.
On 3 July 2023, Mukena signed for League Two club Crawley Town on a two-year deal.

## Personal life

Mukena was born in England and is also eligible to represent the DR Congo and Belgium at international level. Mukena was called up to a DR Congo U20 football camp in March 2018.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 14 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bracknell Town | 2019–20 | Isthmian League South Central Division | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 12 | 3 |
| St Albans City | 2020–21 | National League South | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| St Albans City | 2021–22 | National League South | 29 | 1 | 7 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 39 | 1 |
| St Albans City | 2022–23 | National League South | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 44 | 0 |
| St Albans City | Total | Total | 83 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 98 | 1 |
| Crawley Town | 2023–24 | League Two | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Crawley Town | 2024–25 | League One | 17 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 120 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 151 | 4 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Alan Turvey Trophy
* 1 2 3 Appearance(s) in FA Trophy
* ↑ 5 appearances in EFL Trophy, 1 appearance in EFL League Two play-offs
* ↑ Appearance(s) in EFL Trophy
# Willie Nepomuceno

Wilfrido S. Nepomuceno (July 8, 1948 – July 26, 2023), professionally known as Willie Nepomuceno, was a Filipino impersonator and satirist. With a career spanning five decades, he was best known for his impersonation of political personalities, especially Philippine presidents such as Ferdinand Marcos, Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada, Benigno Aquino III, and Rodrigo Duterte, as well as actors such as Fernando Poe Jr. and Dolphy.

## Personal life

Nepomuceno was born on July 8, 1948, to Leonardo and Paquita Nepomuceno.
In 2014, Nepomuceno's then 16-year-old grandson Sean Gabriel was shot and injured in Marikina.
In 2016, Nepomuceno suffered a stroke that left him debilitated for two years, but recovered following constant therapy.
Nepomuceno died on July 26, 2023, at the age of 75. He had been hospitalised at the Marikina Valley Medical Center in Marikina after suffering head injuries following a fall from his bed on July 24.

## Selected filmography
### Television

* Ispup (2002–2004)
* It's Showtime (judge)

### Film

* Mayor Cesar Climaco (1994) – President Ferdinand Marcos
* Chavit (2003) – President Ferdinand Marcos
* The Guerrilla Is a Poet (2013) – President Ferdinand Marcos

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Ako Ay Ikaw Rin
* Willie's Way (1984)
* Snap Revolution: The Untold Story of People Power (1987)
* Menemis Willie Nep (1991)
* Willie Nep for President (Vote One, Take All)
* Love Album (2005)

### Singles

* "Opisina" / "Blueseal" (1991)
* "Grabeng Traffic" (1992)
# Raines v. Byrd

Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held individual members of Congress do not automatically have standing to litigate the constitutionality of laws affecting Congress as a whole.

## Background of the case

The Line Item Veto Act of 1996 allowed the president to nullify certain provisions of appropriations bills, and disallowed the use of funds from canceled provisions for offsetting deficit spending in other areas.
At its passage, the Act was politically controversial, with many Democrats breaking with Clinton to oppose it. Of the opposition, six members of Congress, including Republican Mark Hatfield, sued to prevent use of the line-item veto. U.S. District Court Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson found the Act unconstitutional.

## Opinion of the Court

The Supreme Court held that the plaintiffs lacked standing to sue, as they had not suffered any particularized injury. The court held that individual members of Congress were subject to strict limits on their ability to sue, particularly in a dispute between different branches of government.

## Subsequent events

After taking effect, the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 was found unconstitutional in Clinton v. City of New York by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1998.
# Grade (ring theory)

In commutative and homological algebra, the grade of a finitely generated module $M$ over a Noetherian ring $R$ is a cohomological invariant defined by vanishing of Ext-modules
${\textrm {grade}}\,M={\textrm {grade}}_{R}\,M=\inf \left\{i\in \mathbb {N} _{0}:{\textrm {Ext}}_{R}^{i}(M,R)\neq 0\right\}.$
For an ideal $I\triangleleft R$ the grade is defined via the quotient ring viewed as a module over $R$
${\textrm {grade}}\,I={\textrm {grade}}_{R}\,I={\textrm {grade}}_{R}\,R/I=\inf \left\{i\in \mathbb {N} _{0}:{\textrm {Ext}}_{R}^{i}(R/I,R)\neq 0\right\}.$
The grade is used to define perfect ideals. In general we have the inequality
${\textrm {grade}}_{R}\,I\leq {\textrm {proj}}\dim(R/I)$
where the projective dimension is another cohomological invariant.
The grade is tightly related to the depth, since
${\textrm {grade}}_{R}\,I={\textrm {depth}}_{I}(R).$
Under the same conditions on $R,I$ and $M$ as above, one also defines the $M$-grade of $I$ as
${\textrm {grade}}_{M}\,I=\inf \left\{i\in \mathbb {N} _{0}:{\textrm {Ext}}_{R}^{i}(R/I,M)\neq 0\right\}.$
This notion is tied to the existence of maximal $M$-sequences contained in $I$ of length ${\textrm {grade}}_{M}\,I$.
# Pascal Giordani

Pascal Giordani (born 1 June 1974) is a French former professional rugby union player.
Born in Belfort, Giordani was a centre, schooled in rugby at RC Trignacais.
Giordani started his career at US Dax and during his time at the club gained two caps for France, against England and Scotland in the 1999 Five Nations Championship. He moved to USA Perpignan in 2001 and played in the team which lost the 2003 Heineken Cup final to Toulouse. From 2004 to 2006, he played for CA Brive.
# Rzejowice

Rzejowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kodrąb, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Radomsko and 78 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Okutsugaru-Imabetsu Station

Okutsugaru-Imabetsu Station (奥津軽いまべつ駅, Okutsugaru-Imabetsu-eki) is a railway station on the Hokkaido Shinkansen in the town of Imabetsu in Aomori Prefecture, on the island of Honshu, Japan. It is operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), and is the last stop in Honshu before the Seikan Tunnel to Hokkaido.

## Lines

Okutsugaru-Imabetsu Station is served by the Hokkaido Shinkansen between Tokyo or Shin-Aomori and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto. It used to be served by the Kaikyō Line between Aomori and Hakodate prior to the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen. After the beginning of the bullet train services, the Kaikyō Line is normally only used by freight trains.

## Station layout

Before the Hokkaido Shinkansen stations were made, Tsugaru-Imabetsu Station had two opposed side platforms serving two tracks. There was no station building, but only a small weather shelter on the platform. The station was unattended.
Although the station is in the middle of the 82 km (51 mi) section shared by the standard-gauge Hokkaido Shinkansen and the-narrow gauge Kaikyō Line, narrow gauge trains use separate tracks (two each) on the both sides of the Shinkansen station so that only bullet trains pass through the passenger platforms.
Okutsugaru-Imabetsu is one of very few stations which is only served by Shinkansen trains, although it is physically connected to Tsugaru-Futamata Station on the JR East Tsugaru Line by an underground passage.

### Platforms

| 11 | ■ Hokkaido Shinkansen | for Shin-Aomori, Sendai, and Tokyo |
| 12 | ■ Hokkaido Shinkansen | for Kikonai and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto |

## History

Tsugaru-Imabetsu Station (津軽今別駅, Tsugaru-Imabetsu-eki) on the Kaikyō Line opened on 13 March 1988. From 2002, only the limited express Hakuchō services stopped at this station. According to the 2015 timetable, there were two trains per day in each direction.
The station became a stop on the Hokkaido Shinkansen on 26 March 2016 and was renamed, becoming Okutsugaru-Imabetsu Station. As the work to convert the Tsugaru-Imabetsu Station into the Shinkansen station was in progress, passenger services at the station ceased from 10 August 2015.

## Surrounding area

* Tsugaru-Futamata Station on the Tsugaru Line
* Road Station Imabetsu "Asukuru"
# Kiki Caron

Christine "Kiki" Caron (born 10 July 1948 in Paris) is a French former backstroke swimmer. She won the silver medal in 100 m backstroke at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the gold medal in the same event at the 1966 European Aquatics Championships. She also participated in the 1968 Summer Olympics where she was the first woman to carry the French flag at the opening ceremony. During her swimming career she won 29 national swimming titles. Her elder sister Annie was also a swimmer and competed at the 1960 Olympics.
After retiring from swimming she acted in two films: Le lys de mer (1969) and Violentata sulla sabbia (1971). In 1998, Caron was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame. In 2005, she was named Chevalier de la Legion of Honour. During the next year she published an autobiography titled Kiki with a preface written by Johnny Hallyday.
# Shinsaburō Tawata

Shinsaburō Tawata (多和田 真三郎, Tawata Shinsaburō, born April 13, 1993) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher who is currently a free agent. He has played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Saitama Seibu Lions.

## Career

Saitama Seibu Lions selected Tawata with the first selection in the 2015 NPB draft.
On May 14, 2016, Tawata made his NPB debut.
On October 10, 2018, he was selected Japan national baseball team at the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series.
On December 2, 2020, he become a free agent.
# Andriy Buleza

Andriy Mykhaylovych Buleza (Ukrainian: Андрій Михайлович Булеза; born 25 January 2004) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Ukrainian First League club Karpaty Lviv.

## Early life

Buleza is a native of Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine.

## Club career
### Early years

Before the youth championship of Ukraine, he played for the Irshava and Siltse academies.

### Shakhtar Donetsk

Buleza started his career with Shakhtar Donetsk.

#### Loan to Mynai

In March 2023 he went on loan to Mynai in the Ukrainian Premier League. He made his league debut for Mynai as a starting squad player against Lviv on 6 March.

#### Loan to Karpaty

In February 2024 he went on loan to Karpaty Lviv in the Ukrainian First League (2nd tier).

## International career

Buleza has captained Ukraine at youth level.
On 6 March 2024, Buleza was called up by Ruslan Rotan to the Ukraine Olympic football team preliminary squad as a preparation to the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Style of play

Buleza is known for his speed and passing ability.
# Olle (alley)

Olle (Jeju: 올레) refers to traditional walled alleyways that connect houses to main paths in Jeju Province, South Korea. They are considered to be part of Jeju's tradition of piled stone structures, called doldam. They are now considered less common, although they are seen as symbols of Jeju.

## Description

Olle can be straight, angular, or curvy. Their length also varies; longer ones are more common in rural areas, and shorter ones are common in larger settlements. Olle tend to be 1.8 to 3.0 m (5.9 to 9.8 ft) wide and have barriers 1.2 to 2.1 m (3.9 to 6.9 ft) high. Their length is usually around 6 to 15 m (20 to 49 ft).
The shape of an olle had several properties. They could be designed to block the entrance of wind into the house. They sometimes functionally replaced doors in houses. Traditionally, houses in Jeju did not have doors. This was due to a number of factors: Jeju is humid, hot, and has strong wind storms. Wood doors either rotted or broke in these conditions. Angular or curved olle block the interior of the house from view of the street.
The entrance to an olle is called an eogwi (어귀); these are usually marked in some way, possibly with large stones. The entrance has a jeongnang gate. The path itself is often a mix of large flat stones and dirt. The flat stones, called daripangdol (다리팡돌), are placed there to step on in order to keep one's shoes clean in case the dirt has turned to mud.
The Jeju Olle Trail, a long distance hiking path for tourists, is named for olle. An author and Jeju native that published a book on olle and jeongnang in 2022 expressed gratitude that the Jeju Olle Trail publicized the concept of olle, but argued that the trail caused some confusion about the meaning of "olle". The author argued that olle are relatively private pathways to homes, and not public paths. The Seogwipo Maeil Olle Market is also named for olle.
They are considered to be less common now. Some have lamented their gradual disappearance, and have advocated for their preservation.