# Khorramabad

Khorramabad (Persian: خرم‌آباد; ) is a city in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Khorramabad is close to the border with Iraq. Situated in a scenic valley surrounded by mountains, the city lies approximately 100 kilometers (about 62 miles) east of the Iraqi border.

## History
### Hazaraspids

The founder of the Hazaraspid dynasty was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant of the Shabankara chieftain Fadluya. Fadluya was initially a commander of the Salghurids of Fars and was appointed governor of Kuhgiluya, but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as Isfahan.

### Safavid dynasty

During the reign of the Safavid dynasty, Khorramabad was the administrative center of Luristan Province.
In the wake of the demise of the Safavids, after the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople (1724) with Imperial Russia, the Ottomans conquered Khorramabad on the 6th of September 1725.

## Demographics
### Language

The city population is predominantly Lur and the largest Luri-speaking city in the country.
See below, the linguistic composition of the city:
Khorramabad linguistic composition (2022)
Language
percent
Luri
83%
Laki
7%
Persian
4%
Silakhori
3%
Borujerdi
1%
Other
2% :

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 328,544 in 75,945 households. The following census in 2011 counted 348,216 people in 94,747 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 373,416 people in 109,231 households.

## Geography
### Location

Khorramabad is in the Zagros Mountains. Khorramabad Airport is 3 km south of the city proper.

### Climate

Khorramabad has mild and semi-humid Mediterranean climate with high amount of rainfall during spring and winter. It is the sixth cities in Iran having high level of annual rainfall.
Khorramabad has what is classed under the Köppen climate classification as a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) climate. Its elevation is 1147.8 above sea level. Average annual precipitation is 511.06 and its average annual temperature is 17.21 Celsius.
Highest recorded temperature: 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) on 14 August 1960 and 23 July 1961 Lowest recorded temperature: −14.6 °C (5.7 °F) on 25 January 1990.
Climate data for Khorramabad (1991–2020, extremes 1951-2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.0 (78.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 41.0 (105.8) | 45.0 (113.0) | 47.0 (116.6) | 47.0 (116.6) | 43.0 (109.4) | 37.0 (98.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 25.6 (78.1) | 47.0 (116.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.3 (55.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.7 (72.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 36.3 (97.3) | 39.8 (103.6) | 39.6 (103.3) | 34.9 (94.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 18.5 (65.3) | 13.0 (55.4) | 25.3 (77.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) | 6.5 (43.7) | 10.4 (50.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 20.7 (69.3) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.4 (86.7) | 29.8 (85.6) | 24.8 (76.6) | 18.5 (65.3) | 10.8 (51.4) | 6.3 (43.3) | 17.1 (62.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.6 (38.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 0.8 (33.4) | 8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) | −11.5 (11.3) | −11.0 (12.2) | −7.0 (19.4) | −1.8 (28.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.2 (48.6) | 8.0 (46.4) | 4.6 (40.3) | −1.4 (29.5) | −7.8 (18.0) | −12.0 (10.4) | −14.6 (5.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 70.3 (2.77) | 67.8 (2.67) | 84.1 (3.31) | 74.7 (2.94) | 21.6 (0.85) | 1.4 (0.06) | 0.3 (0.01) | 0.2 (0.01) | 1.3 (0.05) | 29.3 (1.15) | 62.9 (2.48) | 79.1 (3.11) | 493 (19.41) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.4 | 7 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 49.3 |
| Average rainy days | 10.9 | 9.9 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 4.5 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 74.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68 | 62 | 56 | 56 | 43 | 24 | 21 | 20 | 23 | 37 | 60 | 68 | 44.8 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) | −1.3 (29.7) | 0.5 (32.9) | 4.8 (40.6) | 5.1 (41.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | 3.4 (38.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | 0.3 (32.5) | 1.2 (34.2) | 2.0 (35.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | 1.6 (34.9) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 174 | 181 | 213 | 230 | 286 | 346 | 344 | 343 | 309 | 260 | 197 | 170 | 3,053 |
| Source 1: NCEI ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: (records, snow/sleet days 1955-2010) ||||||||||||||

## Historical monuments
### Brick minaret

Brick Minaret is a cylindrical brick tower from Seljuq and Buyid dynasties located inside the ancient city of Shapur khast, south of Khorramabad.
This Iranian minaret is a combination of the Indian Stupa, commemorative columns, and the central Asia tradition of tower building for defensive and communication purposes.

### Sahpuri Bridge

Shapoori Bridge dates back to the Sassanid era and is registered on the list of National Monuments.

## Attractions

Khorramabad is a major tourist destination, it is quite scenic and possesses several attractions, such as five Paleolithic cave-dwelling sites.

## Colleges and universities

* Islamic Azad University of Khorram Abad
* Lorestan University
* Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
* Madanni Technical College

## Sister cities and twin towns

| Country | Country | City | City | State / Province / Region / Governorate | State / Province / Region / Governorate | Date |
| | Turkey | | Afyonkarahisar | | Afyonkarahisar Province | 2015 |
| | Japan | | Yamagata | | Yamagata Prefecture | October 2013 | December 2020 |

## Photo gallery

* Nojian oak forest, Khorramabad County
* Makhmalkuh Khorramabad County
* Shapur Khast
* Keeyow lake, Khorramabad
* Sarbazkhane building
* Building in Khorramabad
* Bisheh waterfall, Khorramabad County
* Khorramabad