OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lusophobia

Lusophobia or anti-Portuguese sentiment is hostility, racism, hatred, and/or discrimination toward Portugal, the Portuguese people or the Portuguese language and culture.

## Etymology

Like "Lusitanic", the word "Lusophobia" (Portuguese: lusofobia) derives from "Lusitania", the Ancient Roman province that comprised what is now Central and Southern Portugal and Extremadura, and "phobia", which means "fear of". The opposite concept is "Lusophilia".

## Brazil

In the 19th century, the term lusofobia was often used to describe nationalist sentiments in Brazil, a former colony of the Portuguese Empire, with liberal politicians in Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco advocating the reduction of Portuguese immigration and involvement in the Brazilian economy, although almost all of them were of Portuguese descent.
In Rio de Janeiro, the "Jacobinos", a small national radical group, were the strongest opponents of the galegos, the Portuguese immigrants, who have always been the biggest ethnocultural community in Brazil.
In the immediate aftermath of Pedro I of Brazil downfall in 1831, the poor mixed-race and black people, including slaves, staged anti-Portuguese riots in Salvador.

## United Kingdom

In 2007, after the three-year-old Madeleine McCann disappeared from Praia da Luz, in the Algarve region, in southern Portugal, many British media outlets wrote articles highly critical of Portugal and Portuguese police that portrayed Portugal as a "backwards banana republic". Others in the media promoted anti-Portuguese sentiment with ideas such as boycotting Portugal as a holiday destination, but that was not reflected in general public opinion, which saw record numbers of British tourists visit Portugal. Estimates were that a record 2 million British tourists holidayed in Portugal in 2007. Notable anti-Portuguese articles by Tony Parsons received a record number of complaints to the Press Complaints Commission for that year.
# Thuliswa Nkabinde-Khawe

Thuliswa Winlove Nkabinde-Khawe (4 January 1973 – 1 November 2019) was a South African politician and a party member of the African National Congress (ANC). She was elected a Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in May 2009 and was a long-serving member of the Social Development committee in the legislature, prior to her appointment as Gauteng MEC (Member of the Executive Council) for Social Development in May 2019. She was an MEC until her death just over five months later.

## Early life and career

Nkabinde-Khawe was born on 4 January 1973 in the now-dissolved Transvaal Province. She became involved in politics at a young age, joining ACTSTOP, a civic organisation, in the 1980s where she held multiple leadership positions. She was part of the formation of the South African National Civic Organisation (SANCO) and was a senior leader in the structure. She was SANCO's provincial secretary at the time of her death.
She took office as a Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in May 2009 and became a member of numerous committees including the Standing Committee of Public Accounts (SCOPA), Public Transport and Social Development. She was designated as the head of the Public Transport Committee in August 2012. She was the head of the Social Development Committee for the fifth provincial legislature from 2014 to 2019.
In May 2019, Nkabinde-Khawe was named MEC for Social Development by Premier David Makhura. She succeeded Nandi Mayathula-Khoza and took office as an MEC on 30 May 2019. She held the post for just over five months.

## Death

Nkabinde-Khawe died on 1 November 2019 in the Mulbarton Hospital in Alberton, Gauteng. She died following a short illness. The Gauteng ANC said that her death "will leave void in social development sector". The opposition Democratic Alliance also sent their condolences to the family. She is survived by her husband, Jacob Khawe, a senior ANC politician in the province, and their six children. Panyaza Lesufi was named her acting successor. Nkabinde-Khawe received a category 1 provincial funeral that was held on 8 November 2019. She was buried at the Meyerton Cemetery in Meyerton.
# Hirokawa Beach Station

Hirokawa Beach Station (広川ビーチ駅, Hirokawa Biichi-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the town of Hirogawa, Arida District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Hirokawa Beach Station is served by the Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line), and is located 341.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kameyama Station and 161.1 kilometers from Shingū.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ W Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line) | for Wakayama and Tennōji |
| 2 | ■ W Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line) | for Gobō and Shingū |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| West Japan Railway Company (JR West) |||||
| Kisei Main Line |||||
| Limited Express Kuroshio: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Rapid: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Kii-Yura | Local | Yuasa |

## History

Hirokawa Beach Station opened on 14 March 1993.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 197 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding Area

* Hirogawa Municipal Minamihiro Elementary School
* Nishihiro Beach
* Kashinaga Beach
* Kumano Kodo
# Minoshima Station

Minoshima Station (箕島駅, Minoshima-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Arida, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Minoshima Station is served by the Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line), and is located 355.6 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kameyama Station and 175.4 kilometers from Shingū.

## Station layout

The station consists of one side platform and one island platform connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is staffed.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ W Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line) | for Wakayama and Tennōji |
| 2 | ■ W Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line) | for bidirectional service |
| 3 | ■ W Kisei Main Line (Kinokuni Line) | for Gobō and Shingū |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| West Japan Railway Company (JR West) |||||
| Kisei Main Line |||||
| Fujinami | Limited Express Kuroshio | Kainan |
| Fujinami | Rapid | Kamogō |
| Kii-Miyahara | Local | Hatsushima |

## History

Minoshima Station opened on February 28, 1924. With the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan Railway Company.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 1642 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding Area

* Arida City Hall
* Arida Civic Center
* Arita City Library
* Arida City Folk Museum
* Arida Mikan Museum
# Benson Sakala

Benson Sakala (born 12 September 1996) is a Zambian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Mladá Boleslav and the Zambia national team where he has been appointed captain ahead of 2023 AFCON qualifiers.
On 6 July 2023 Sakala signed a two-year contract with Czech side Mladá Boleslav.
# Arthur's conjectures

In mathematics, the Arthur conjectures refer to a set of conjectures proposed by James Arthur in 1989. These conjectures pertain to the properties of automorphic representations of reductive groups over adele rings and the unitary representations of reductive groups over local fields. Arthur’s work, which was motivated by the Arthur–Selberg trace formula, suggests a framework for understanding complex relationships in these areas.
Arthur's conjectures have implications for other mathematical theories, notably implying the generalized Ramanujan conjectures for cusp forms on general linear groups. The Ramanujan conjectures, in turn, are central to the study of automorphic forms, as they predict specific behaviors of certain classes of mathematical functions known as cusp forms.
To better understand the Arthur conjectures, familiarity with automorphic forms and reductive groups is useful, as is knowledge of the trace formula developed by Arthur and Atle Selberg. These mathematical tools allow for analysis of representations of groups in number theory, geometry, and physics.
# Peru women's national under-17 basketball team

The Peru women's national under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Peru, administered by the Peru Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación Deportiva Peruana de Basketball) (F.D.P.B.). It represents the country in international under-17 women's basketball competitions.
Currently, Peru is not a member of FIBA.

## FIBA South America Under-17 Championship for Women participations

| Year | Result |
| 1981 | 4th |
| 1986 | |
| 1990 | 5th |
| 1998 | 6th |
| 2000 | 5th |
| 2004 | 5th |
| Year | Result |
| 2005 | 6th |
| 2007 | 6th |
| 2011 | 7th |
| 2013 | 7th |
| 2015 | 6th |
| 2017 | 6th |
# Cunningham-Hall Aircraft Corporation

The Cunningham-Hall Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1928 to its closure in 1948.

## History

The company was formed in 1928 at Rochester, New York. It was a combination of Randolph F. Hall, as vice president, some former employees of Thomas-Morse Aircraft Corporation and James Cunningham, Son and Company who manufactured motor cars. Francis E. Cunningham was President. The company built five different aircraft designs, most were only built in single numbers or no more than prototypes. The last design appeared in 1937 and the company concentrated on sub-contract component production before it was dissolved in 1948.

## Aircraft designs

* Cunningham-Hall PT-6
* Cunningham-Hall X-89 "Mystery Ship" Biplane, with small-chord upper wing.
* Cunningham-Hall X-90
* Cunningham-Hall GA-21M
* Cunningham-Hall GA-36
* Cunningham-Hall PT-6F
# Pohick Bay Regional Park

Pohick Bay Regional Park is a regional park on Pohick Bay of the Potomac River, in Fairfax County, in Northern Virginia.

## Geography

The park is located on State Route 242, north of Mason Neck State Park.
It is protected and operated by the NOVA Parks agency of Northern Virginia, formerly the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority.

### Water recreation

Pohick Bay Regional Park includes a boat launch; and the Pirate's Cove water park.
# Maria Falkenberg

Maria Falkenberg is a professor of medical biochemistry at the Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. She has made important contributions to understanding how the mitochondrial genome is maintained in health and disease.

## Career

Falkenberg received her doctorate from the University of Gothenburg in 2000 for her work on the molecular aspects of DNA replication in Herpes Simplex virus type 1 in the Per Elias group in Gothenburg and the Robert Lehman group at Stanford University. She studied the mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA replication during her postdoctoral fellowship from 2001-2003 in the Nils-Göran Larsson laboratory at the Karolinska Institute, where she then established her own group in 2003. She was the first to set up a cell-free system to study human mitochondrial DNA replication. Her research is funded by among others, the European Research Council (ERC), the Swedish Research Council (VR), and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW).

## Awards

* 2019 Appointed Wallenberg Scholar by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW)
* 2017 Election to the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg (KVVS)
* 2015 Election to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (KVA)
* 2012 The Edlunska Prize
* 2009 Sven och Ebba-Christina Hagbergs Prize in Chemistry
* 2009 The Fernström Prize
* 2008 Research Fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
* 2008 Future Research Leader Award, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)

## Selected publications

Copy-choice recombination during mitochondrial L-strand synthesis causes DNA deletions.
Persson Ö, Muthukumar Y, Basu S, Jenninger L, Uhler JP, Berglund AK, McFarland R, Taylor RW, Gustafsson CM, Larsson E, Falkenberg M.
Nat Commun. 2019 Feb 15;10(1):759. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08673-5.
Nucleotide pools dictate the identity and frequency of ribonucleotide incorporation in mitochondrial DNA.
Berglund AK, Navarrete C, Engqvist MK, Hoberg E, Szilagyi Z, Taylor RW, Gustafsson CM, Falkenberg M, Clausen AR.
PLoS Genet. 2017 Feb 16;13(2):e1006628. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006628.
Maintenance and Expression of Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA.
Gustafsson CM, Falkenberg M, Larsson NG.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2016 Jun 2;85:133-60. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014402.
In vitro-reconstituted nucleoids can block mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription
Géraldine Farge, Majda Mehmedovic, Marian Baclayon, Siet MJL van den Wildenberg, Wouter H Roos, Claes M Gustafsson, Gijs JL Wuite, Maria Falkenberg
Cell Rep. 2014 Jul 10;8(1):66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.046.
In vivo occupancy of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein supports the strand displacement mode of DNA replication.
Miralles Fusté J, Shi Y, Wanrooij S, Zhu X, Jemt E, Persson Ö, Sabouri N, Gustafsson CM, Falkenberg M.
PLoS Genet. 2014 Dec 4;10(12):e1004832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004832.
# Tine Jensen

Tine Kristin Jensen (born 1957) is a Norwegian psychologist. She is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Oslo and a Research Professor at the Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies. Jensen is an expert on children and psychological trauma, developmental psychology, and treatment studies. Her research has focused on e.g. sexually abused children, how Norwegian parents and children coped with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, adolescents who survived the Utøya massacre and their families, young unaccompanied asylum seekers and treatment of traumatized children.
She has a candidata psychologiae degree from the University of Oslo (1986), a doctoral degree from the same university (2005), and is a specialist in clinical psychology.
# Gabrielle Stebbins

Gabrielle Stebbins is an American politician from Vermont. She has been a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Chittenden-13 District since 2023.
# Fanny Calder

Fanny Louise Calder (26 March 1838 – 6 June 1923) was a promoter of education in domestic subjects in Liverpool, England. The college that she created would in time become part of Liverpool John Moores University.

## Life

Calder was born in Liverpool in 1838 to James and Jane Calder. Her father bought and sold cotton, and he had lived in America for some years. She was the youngest of eleven and was a dedicated Anglican, attending Sunday school and other church activities. She became concerned for the state of the poor.
In 1875, she started a "Ladies Committee" with herself as secretary that would organise the Liverpool School of Domestic Science. The committee included the Countess of Sefton and Mary Stanley, Countess of Derby. The classes were originally held at St George's Hall in central Liverpool. The following year, she established the "Northern Union of Training Schools of Cookery" which included schools in Yorkshire, Edinburgh and Glasgow. It was this body that issued certification for the courses. In 1891 she published "A Teachers' Manual of Elementary Laundry Work".
In 1900, the organisation moved to new buildings at Colquitt Street, where term started on 2 September.
During the First World War, the school remained popular but the unavailability of some items meant that courses had to be mothballed. On the other hand she was called on to teach cookery to soldiers.

## Death and legacy

The Domestic Science College ran out of funds in 1920 and had to apply for increased funding from the Local Education Authority. These negotiations ended with the college being incorporated into the LEA. The school was renamed the F. L. Calder College of Domestic Science.
Calder died in Liverpool in 1923. The college that she created would in time become part of Liverpool John Moores University. Calder's house carries two plaques, one with a quote from Florence Nightingale. Nightingale wrote to her and described her as "Saint of the laundry, cooking and health".
# Beals Creek

Beals Creek is an intermittent watercourse that runs from Howard County to Mitchell County in Texas. The stream begins at Salt Lake just west of Big Spring, where the Sulphur Springs Draw meets Mustang Draw. The creek flows in a generally east/southeast direction to the Colorado River south of Colorado City.
Local legend believes Montezuma is buried in the creek bed at an unknown location. The legend is Montezuma was able to escape the fall of Tenochtitlan and flee north only to finally die from his injuries. In an unusual peaceful act, both local Comanche and Pawnee tribes combined to dam the creek and perform a traditional funeral only then to undam the creek and commit a mass suicide so no one could unearth the great Aztec leader.
# Zon Eastes

Zon Eastes is an American politician. He is the member-elect for the Windham-1 district of the Vermont House of Representatives.
# Voroshilovsky bridge

Voroshilovsky bridge (Russian: Вороши́ловский мо́ст, romanized: Voroshylovskiy most) is a bridge in Rostov-on-Don over the river Don. It was built in 1961–1965 by project engineer N. I. Kuznetsov and architect S. A. Kleiman. The bridge connects Rostov with other city-satellites, including Bataisk and Azov. The bridge got its name due to being a continuation of the avenue of the same name.

## History

Vorshilovsky bridge had been being built since 1961 to 1965 year. Engineer N. I. Kuznetsov and architect Sh. A. Kleiman were projecting it. Voroshilovsky bridge's foundation has finished the plan of post-war reconstruction that has started in 1947.
The bridge in the Budionosky avenue's alignment was the main ferry to the left bank on the Don river. The idea of foundation the obelisk, indicating the border of Europe and Asia, on the bridge was discussed at the construction stage, because, according to one version, the border between two parts of the world passed along the Don. But the project was not realised.

## Description

Voroshilovsky bridge is an architectural element of Rostov-on-Don.

## Bridge state

On 22 October 2007, during the planned inspection of Voroshilovsky bridge, a crack was found, so that the bridge was closed to all modes of transport, and then to pedestrians for an indefinite time. This increased the load on the other two bridges and further aggravated the traffic situation in the city.
Since 27 December 2007, regular traffic of city and "batay" buses has been resumed, provided that there is no more than one bus on the bridge and movement only along the Eastern roadway of the bridge. On 23 June 2008, traffic was opened on Voroshilov bridge (except trucks). On 25 July 2008, traffic was blocked along Sivers street in the area of Bakery No. 1 for the construction of a new bridge across the Don river.

## Bridge reconstruction

Until the end of 2017, the authorities of Rostov-on-don intend to reconstruct the Voroshilov bridge, expanding it from two available lanes to six.
Construction and installation work began in the autumn of 2013, the completion of works was planned by 30 November 2017; the total cost of the work is estimated at 6.03 billion rubles.
Since 15 February 2014, traffic on the old Voroshilovsky bridge was closed, and the bridge was completely dismantled. The decision to close the bridge was made on the basis of the conclusion of the Institute "Protectstructure". The survey revealed an increase in inelastic deformations of the superstructures, and the total deflection was 63 centimeters.
# Panama at the Pan American Games

Panama at the Pan American Games.

## Pan American Games
### Medals by games

| Year | Host city | | | | Total |
| 1951 | Buenos Aires | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 1955 | Mexico City | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 1959 | Chicago | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 1963 | São Paulo | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 1967 | Winnipeg | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 1971 | Cali | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 1975 | Mexico City | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 1979 | San Juan | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 1983 | Caracas | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 1987 | Indianapolis | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 1991 | Havana | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1995 | Mar del Plata | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1999 | Winnipeg | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2003 | Santo Domingo | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2007 | Rio de Janeiro | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011 | Guadalajara | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2015 | Toronto | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2019 | Lima | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2023 | Santiago | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
| Total | Total | 5 | 23 | 41 | 69 |

## Junior Pan American Games
### Medals by games

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank |
| 2021 Cali-Valle | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 27th |
| 2025 Asunción | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event | Future event |
| Total | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 27th |
# Barzan, Iraq

Barzan (Kurdish: بارزان, romanized: Barzan) is a Kurdish village located on the Northern shores of the Great Zab River in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

## History

The village was formerly the territory of Zêbari tribe and was part of Badinan under the name Baziran. In the 19th century, the village was the residence of a Naqshbandi Sheikh and his followers, now known as the Barzani tribe.
In 1914, Barzan was the site of a Russian-supported Kurdish uprising led by Ebduselam Barzani against the Ottoman Empire, which was fought concurrently with the Bitlis uprising.
In 1918, under the leadership of Agha Petros, the Assyrian volunteers stormed Barzan, and burned and looted the village.
The tribe was nominally autonomous from the Ottoman Empire until 1915 when the Ottomans stormed the village and hanged the local sheikh. In the early 20th century, the village had a conflict with the neighboring Bıradost tribe which necessitated intervention from Iraqi authorities.
In 1943, local chieftain Mustafa Barzani revolted and quickly gathered support against Iraq; this would develop into the 1943 Barzani revolt.

## Climate

Barzan has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. It is one of the rainiest cities in Iraq. Winter nights average below freezing most of the time, providing frost in the city. Snow occasionally occurs.
Climate data for Barzan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) | 10.5 (50.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 27.8 (82.0) | 34.5 (94.1) | 38.7 (101.7) | 38.8 (101.8) | 34.8 (94.6) | 27.4 (81.3) | 17.9 (64.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 14.8 (58.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.8 (87.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 20.0 (68.0) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.3 (43.3) | 17.4 (63.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) | −0.6 (30.9) | 4.2 (39.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 6.7 (44.1) | 1.7 (35.1) | 11.0 (51.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 151 (5.9) | 172 (6.8) | 150 (5.9) | 114 (4.5) | 37 (1.5) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | 19 (0.7) | 88 (3.5) | 106 (4.2) | 839 (33) |
| Source: Climate-Data ||||||||||||||