OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ren Mei'e

Ren Mei'e (Chinese: 任美鍔; Wade–Giles: Jen Mei-e; 1913–2008) was a Chinese geomorphologist, geologist, marine and coastal scientist, educator and professor, who was the main founder for the study of many related subjects in modern China.

## Biography

Ren was born in Zhenhai, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China on 8 September 1913. In 1934 Ren graduated from the Department of Geology of National Central University (now Nanjing University). In 1939 Ren received his doctorate from the University of Glasgow, Scotland.
Ren was a professor of Zhejiang University, Fudan University and later Nanjing University. He was the head of the Department of Geography (now School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences), Nanjing University.
Ren was selected to be an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

## Academic positions

* Academician, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1980 election)
* President, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS, formally known as the Geographic Institute of China)
* Honorary President, Chinese Society for Oceanography
* President and later Honorary President, Chinese Geographical Society

## Honors and awards

Ren received the Victoria Medal from the Royal Geographical Society of London in 1986.
# Roberto Pedraza Martínez

Roberto Pedraza Martínez (born 1 May 1952) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
He has served in the Chamber of Deputies on two occasions: during the 56th Congress (1994–1997), representing Hidalgo's fourth district, and during the 59th Congress (2003–2006), representing Hidalgo's second district. He was also municipal president of Ixmiquilpan from 1991 to 1994.
# Manikeshwari Temple

Manikeshwari Temple is located in Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. The temple is located to the south of odisha. The main deity here is Goddess Manikeshwari. She is the Ishta Devi of Nagavanshi Khyatriya's. During Dussehra festival, animal sacrifice is offered at this temple. A film is also documented showing the ritual of animal sacrifice, before Goddess Manikeshwari. Karlapat, which is famous for its charming wild life, is near the temple.

## History of Present Temple

Udit Narayan Deo laid the foundation of the present Manikeswari temple in Bhawanipatna and it was completed in 1947 by Brajamohan Deo. Manikeswari was associated with Kalahandi history as a goddess of wealth, Manik, since the 10th century.

## Chhatar Yatra

Every year Chatar yatra on the navami tithi of Dussehra is organised and many people who have fulfilled wishes come and sacrifice animals in the name of goddess.

## Images
### Manikeswari Temples in Odisha

* Bhawanipatna
* Gunupur
* Thuamul Rampur
* Kashipur, Rayagada
# Łuszczanowice

Łuszczanowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kleszczów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Kleszczów, 19 km (12 mi) south of Bełchatów, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Chikugo-Ōishi Station

Chikugo-Ōishi Station (筑後大石駅, Chikugo-Ōishi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ukiha, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kyūdai Main Line and is located 33.0 km from the starting point of the line at Kurume. Only local trains on the line stop at the station.

## Layout

The station consists of a side platform serving a single track at grade with a siding. A wooden building has been set up by the local municipal authorities as a waiting room and a bike shed is provided outside. The station is unstaffed but some types of tickets are available from a kan'i itaku agent from a shop near the station.
* The old station building. This picture was taken in 2006.

## History

Japanese Government Railways (JGR) had the Kyūdai Main Line on 24 December 1928 with a track between Kurume and Chikugo-Yoshii. In the second phase of expansion, the track was extended east, with Chikugo-Ōishi opening as the new eastern terminus on 11 July 1931. It became a through-station on 12 March 1932 when the track was extended to Yoake. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, JR Kyushu took over control of the station.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2009, the station was used by a daily average of 320 passengers (boarding and disembarking).
In fiscal 2016, the number of passengers (boarding only) using the station was between 100 and 322. The station did not rank among the top 300 busiest stations of JR Kyushu.

## Surrounding area

* Chikugogawa Onsen
* Fukuoka Prefectural Route 732 Chikugo Oishi Stop Line
# Emerson Burkhart

Emerson Burkhart (1905 – 1969) was an American artist based in Columbus, Ohio.

## Early life and education

Emerson Burkhart was born on a farm in Union Township near Kalida, Ohio in 1905. After attending Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio, Burkhart moved to Provincetown on Cape Cod, studying with artist Charles Hawthorne. By 1931, Burkhart moved to Columbus to teach at the Ohio School of Art. In 1939, he married Mary-Ann Martin, a famous model who would later become an artist herself. Mary-Ann was a model for several well known artists in New York including Edward Hopper, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and Eugene Speicher.

## Career

From his house on Woodland Avenue, Burkhart quickly established himself to be a “Columbus Institution.” Burkhart became known for his portraits and street scenes of Columbus. It is estimated Burkhart painted 3,000 pieces during his 40-year-career, many of these portraits of Ohio residents whom he would pay a small fee. He even painted a portrait of famed writer Carl Sandburg, who was a friend of his.
In 1934, Emerson Burkhart received a commission from the WPA Federal Art Project for a mural over the auditorium at Central High School in Columbus. The Federal Art Project intended to give artists like Burkhart employment during the Great Depression and provide art for non-federal government buildings. Burkhart created a 13’ by 70’ mural, known as Music, featuring young women and men dancing and playing musical instruments. Just four years later, in 1938, the principal ordered that the mural be painted over as “it was too sexy.” Starting in 1999, over the course of six years, 1,000 art students from the Fort Hayes Metropolitan Education Center, under the supervision of art conservators, worked to remove the paint that once covered the mural. After its restoration, the mural was installed at Greater Columbus Convention Center.
In 1938, Burkhart received his second commission from the WPA for ten life size murals at Stillman Hall on the Ohio State University campus and he was paid $1,209 for 13 months of work. Each mural featured important historical figures like Walt Whitman and David Thoreau. Burkhart connected the content of his murals to the function of the building, which served as the social work building. In one mural titled Elizabethan Court Life, Burkhart contrasted the life of the wealthy privileged class with those of the working class. The murals are still located in the building today.
After the death of his wife in 1955, Burkhart traveled the world with the International School of America as an Artist-in-Residence. After several years of travel, Burkhart returned to Columbus and continued painting local residents and scenes. Burkhart died in his home in November 1969.
# Frederick L. Villepigue

Frederick L. Villepigue (c. 1826–?) served as Secretary of State of Florida from July 1, 1853, to January 13, 1863.

## Early life

Villepigue was born in South Carolina. He was descended from a Frenchman, Francois Villepigue, who immigrated from France to Saint-Domingue, a French colony, in 1788, but was killed by his slaves in a slave rebellion in 1800 in the Haitian Revolution. Francois' wife received a last-minute warning and escaped with their two sons, arriving with Pierre Laurent Jumelle at Charleston, and settling in Camden, South Carolina. One of the Villepigues' sons, Paul Francis became a prominent merchant in Camden, and one of his seven children was Fredrick L. Villepigue.
Villepigue graduated from South Carolina College and moved to Florida in the 1840s. The 1850 Census listed him as a 21-year-old lawyer living in Jefferson County.

## Florida Secretary of State

Villepigue was appointed to fill the unexpired term of Charles W. Downing, Jr. as Secretary of State of Florida on July 1, 1853, and was elected to that post on July 25, 1853, serving until January 13, 1863.
The 1860 Census listed Villepigue having a personal estate of $200.00. On April 19 of that year, he was married to Margaret Watson Armstrong, the eldest daughter of General James Watson Armstrong in the Presbyterian Church by the Rev. David Willis, in Macon, Georgia. Villepigue had one son, Harry, born in November 1863, and a daughter, Jeanne, born around 1861.

## Civil War service

On January 11, 1861, at the outbreak of the American Civil War, Villepigue publicly affixed the Great Seal of the State of Florida to Florida's Declaration of Independence on the east portico of the State Capitol, turned to face an assembled crowd, and "in a clear distinct voice proclaimed Florida an independent nation. A second later 15 cannons were fired in salute of the new state and shouting broke forth."
Villepigue enlisted in the Confederate States Army on March 3, 1862, at Tallahassee, joined Robert Howard Gamble's Artillery. In April 1862, he was appointed the first lieutenant of the Leon Light Artillery under Gamble, then a captain. Villepigue was promoted from lieutenant to captain of the Kilcrease Light Artillery on May 26, 1863. He served with the Kilcrease Light Artillery until November 22, 1864, when he resigned his commission to become Secretary of the Confederate Senate.

## Later life

On January 22, 1867, he began to serve as a judge of the criminal court in Monticello, Florida until the next session Florida Legislature and was paid an annual salary of $200 and $5 for each case tried. 1867 tax records show Villepigue owned 50 acres (200,000 m$^2$) assessed at $700 and one horse valued at $50, while records two years later show him as a lawyer worth $10. The 1870 Census listed Villepigue as having a personal estate of $300.
He is interred at Roselawn Cemetery in Monticello, Florida.
# José Edmundo Ramírez Martínez

José Edmundo Ramírez Martínez (born 4 November 1968) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In 2006–2009 he served as a federal deputy in the 60th Congress, representing Hidalgo's second district.
# Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 1 km time trial C1–3

The Men's 1 km time trial, Classes 1-3 track cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on 30 August at London Velopark.

## Results

WR = World Record
| Rank | Name | Country | Class | Factored Time |
| | Li Zhang Yu | China | C1 | 1:05.021 WR |
| | Mark Colbourne | Great Britain | C1 | 1:08.471 |
| | Tobias Graf | Germany | C2 | 1:09.979 |
| 4 | Darren Kenny | Great Britain | C3 | 1:10.203 |
| 5 | Liang Guihua | China | C2 | 1:10.211 |
| 6 | Xie Hao | China | C2 | 1:10.229 |
| 7 | Rodrigo Fernando Lopez | Argentina | C1 | 1:10.689 |
| 8 | Alexsey Obydennov | Russia | C3 | 1:10.995 |
| 9 | Richard Waddon | Great Britain | C3 | 1:11.394 |
| 10 | Joseph Berenyi | United States | C3 | 1:11.649 |
| 11 | Jaco Nel | South Africa | C2 | 1:12.405 |
| 12 | Brayden McDougall | Canada | C1 | 1:12.683 |
| 13 | Ivo Koblasa | Czech Republic | C2 | 1:12.730 |
| 14 | Kris Bosmans | Belgium | C3 | 1:12.825 |
| 15 | David Nicholas | Australia | C3 | 1:13.087 |
| 16 | Enda Smyth | Ireland | C3 | 1:13.890 |
| 17 | Jin Yong Sik | South Korea | C3 | 1:14.061 |
| 18 | Alvaro Galvis Becerra | Colombia | C2 | 1:14.275 |
| 19 | Michael Teuber | Germany | C1 | 1:14.425 |
| 20 | Masaki Fujita | Japan | C3 | 1:14.998 |
| 21 | Michal Stark | Czech Republic | C2 | 1:15.755 |
| 22 | Steffen Warias | Germany | C3 | 1:15.828 |
| 23 | Nathan Smith | New Zealand | C3 | 1:16.159 |
| 24 | Juan Jose Mendez | Spain | C1 | 1:16.743 |
| 25 | Arnold Boldt | Canada | C2 | 1:17.304 |
| 26 | Jaye Milley | Canada | C1 | 1:17.631 |
| 27 | Victor Hugo Garrido Marquez | Venezuela | C2 | 1:18.089 |
| 28 | Anthony Zahn | United States | C1 | 1:23.312 |
# Alain Paco

Alain Paco (born 1 March 1952) is a former French rugby union player and a current coach. He played as a hooker.
He played for AS Béziers. He went to win six titles of French Champion, for 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977 and 1978.
Paco earned his first national cap on 20 June 1974 against the Argentina. He played 35 times for France, from 1974 to 1980, culminating in a Five Nations Grand Slam in 1977.

## Honours

* Grand Slam : 1977
* French rugby champion, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977 and 1978 with AS Béziers
# Emile Eid

Emile Eid (March 15, 1925, in Mazraat el Daher, Lebanon – November 30, 2009) was the Maronite Catholic titular bishop of Sarepta dei Maroniti.

## Life

Ordained to the priesthood on May 6, 1951, to the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Sidon, Eid was named titular bishop on December 20, 1982, and was ordained bishop of Sarepta dei Maroniti on January 23, 1983, by Maronite Patriarch of Antioch, Anthony Peter Khoraish, and his co-consecrators were Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Titular bishop of Tarsus dei Maroniti and Ibrahim Hélou, Eparch of Sidon. Bishop Eid served as vice president of the commission that wrote the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. On October 18, 1990, Eid resigned his duties as bishop due to age-related reasons.
Emile Eid died on November 30, 2009, at the age of 84.
# Glynn–Barntown GAA

Glynn–Barntown GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the parishes of Glynn and Barntown in County Wexford, Ireland. The club fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.

## Honours

* Wexford Senior Football Championship: (1) 1996
* Wexford Senior Hurling B Championship: (3) 2006, 2007, 2008
* Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship: (1) 1987
* Wexford Junior Hurling Championship: (1) 1976
* Wexford Intermediate Football Championship: (3) 1988, 2009, 2015
* Wexford Intermediate A Football Championship: (1) 2020
* Wexford Junior Football Championship: (2) 1982, 2019
* Wexford Under-21 Football Championship: (4) 1993, 2008, 2011, 2012
* Wexford Under-21 Hurling Championship: (3) 1993, 1994, 2010
* Wexford Under-21 Hurling Roinn 1: (3) 1990,2009,2024
* Wexford Minor Football Championship: (5) 1986, 2007, 2009, 2020, 2022
* Wexford Minor Hurling Championship: (7) Division 1 1989 2012 Premier 1934 1939 2009, 2022, 2024
* Wexford Junior A Hurling Championship: (1) 2019
* Wexford Junior B Hurling Championship: (2) 1998, 2022
* Wexford Under-19 Football Championship: (1) 2022
* Jim Byrne Cup: (2) 2015,2023
* All Ireland Feile na nGael Hurling: U15 Michael Cusack Division 3 Cup Champions: (1) 2024

### Camogie

* Wexford Senior Camogie Championship: (1) 2024
# Sixto Zetina

Sixto Alfonso Zetina Soto (born 31 March 1985) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2009 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.
# Yokosuka MXY9

The Yokosuka MXY9 Shuka (秋花, "Autumn flower") was a projected development of the MXY8 training glider, adding a small motorjet engine, the Tsu-11. It was intended to provide further training for pilots who were to fly the Mitsubishi J8M and Ki-200 rocket-powered interceptor aircraft.
None were built prior to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.

## Specifications (MXY9, as designed)

Data from Japanese Secret Projects
General characteristics
* Length: 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 9.5 m (31 ft 2 in)
* Height: 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 17.7 m$^2$ (191 sq ft)
* Powerplant: 1 × Tsu-11 thermojet, 1.7 kN (380 lbf) thrust
# Tornado damage survey

A tornado damage survey, also known as a storm damage assessment, is a type of land survey that is conducted to determine the damage caused by tornadoes, and to give them ratings on the Enhanced Fujita scale. Damage surveys have been used since the 18th century to determine tornado-caused damage, and have become increasingly common following the implementation of the Fujita scale in 1971.

## History

Although it is unknown when damage surveys began to be used to determine structural and property damage, one of the earliest known surveys was conducted by German scientist Gottlob Burchard Genzmer in the aftermath of the 1764 Woldegk tornado. Genzmer published a detailed survey of the damage path from the tornado, which documented the 33 km (18.6 mi) long track. The study, known as the "Genzmer Report", was the first to be conducted on a single tornado.
Damage surveys would become more common in the 1960s and 1970s, when Ted Fujita pioneered the Fujita scale, used to determine the strength of tornadoes. Fujita himself had surveyed damage after the atomic bombing of Nagasaki to determine where the bomb had exploded from. Following the Fargo tornado in 1957, Fujita conducted one of the first damage surveys using photographic evidence and ground measurements, using 200 photos to determine the approximate track of the tornado. Following the implementation of the Fujita Scale in 1971, hundreds of post-event damage surveys have been conducted on tornadoes and other weather events to determine the rating of the tornado. In the 2020s, drones have been used to survey hard-to-access areas, most notably following the 2021 Western Kentucky tornado.

## Technology
### Damage Assessment Toolkit

Since 2009, the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT), used by the National Weather Service, has been used to publish the preliminary results of damage surveys. An estimated 38,000 individual damage points have been recorded using the software.
# Horacio Ramírez Reyes

Horacio Ramírez Reyes Escobar (born 17 November 1983) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2011 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Hidalgo.
# Łążek, Łódź Voivodeship

Łążek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Brzeźnica, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Nowa Brzeźnica, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Pajęczno, and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Almir (footballer, born 1982)

Almir Lopes de Luna (born 20 May 1982, in João Pessoa), or simply Almir, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Treze.
# Ashgabat cinema

The Ashgabat cinema (Turkmen: Aşgabat kinoteatry) is a movie theater in Ashgabat. The theater is on Magtymguly Avenue near the Kopetdag Stadium. Opened on June 29, 2011, it is the first 3D cinema in Turkmenistan.

## History

The initiator of the first 3D-cinema was the President of Turkmenistan. A tender for the construction of the Central Bank of Turkmenistan announced in January 2008.
In September it was announced that the Turkish construction company "Ichkale", commissioned by the state concern "Turkmennebitgazgurlushik" build in the center of Ashgabat new modern cinema. The project cost more than U.S. $20 million. In the future, the facility was taken over by the French construction company Vinci.
The opening ceremony of the building took place on June 29, 2011 with the participation of President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov.

## Feature

In the cinema, two halls, a large (500 seats) and small (70 seats). "Ashgabat" is the first movie theater in Turkmenistan where it is possible to watch movies in digital format 3D. Total area of cinema center is about 4.5 million square meters. The facade of the building is faced with white marble and gray granite and decorated with stained glass. The complex operates an internet cafe, a shop for the sale of books and souvenirs and an outdoor cafe. It is located in front of the main entrance area for special events. In the cinema, demonstrated mainly documentaries about Turkmenistan. There is an unspoken requirement about films exclusively in the Turkmen language.

## Programming and events

The cinema predominantly shows new releases.
The cinema often becomes a venue for the Days of Culture of foreign countries.
In November 2024, the cinema became a venue for showing competition films of the Korkut Ata Film Festival of the Turkic World.
# Gumercindo Álvarez Sotelo

Gumercindo Álvarez Sotelo (born 13 January 1962) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party (PAN). From 2000 to 2003 he served as a federal deputy in the 58th Congress, representing the second district of Morelos.
# Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 1 km time trial B

The Women's 1 km time trial, Class B track cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on August 31 at London Velopark. This class is for blind and visually impaired cyclists riding with a sighted pilot.

## Results

PR = Paralympic Record
| Rank | Name | Country | Time |
| | Felicity Johnson Pilot: Stephanie Morton | Australia | 1:08.919 PR |
| | Aileen McGlynn Pilot: Helen Scott | Great Britain | 1:09.469 |
| | Phillipa Gray Pilot: Laura Thompson | New Zealand | 1:11.245 |
| 4 | Lora Turnham Pilot: Fiona Duncan | Great Britain | 1:11.479 |
| 5 | Catherine Walsh Pilot: Francine Meehan | Ireland | 1:12.864 |
| 6 | Henrike Handrup Pilot: Ellen Heiny | Germany | 1:13.416 |
| 7 | Katie George Dunlevy Pilot: Sandra Fitzgerald | Ireland | 1:14.315 |
| 8 | Adamantia Chalkiadaki Pilot: Argyro Milaki | Greece | 1:17.619 |
# Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp.

Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991), is a 1991 case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Federal Arbitration Act requires enforcement of an arbitration clause to compel arbitration of statutory Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 claims. A regional brokerage house, Interstate Johnson Lane later became part of Wachovia Securities.