OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# British Columbia Highway 23

Highway 23 is a north–south highway that straddles the Columbia River in the Columbia Country region of British Columbia, Canada. Its section north of Revelstoke is formerly known as the Big Bend Highway and was part of the original routing of Highway 1. The Big Bend area was well known as there was a gold rush there, beginning in 1864. Travelers used canoes or river steamers until a dirt-surfaced highway was built on the east bank around the Big Bend, from Revelstoke to Golden, from 1930 to 1937, opening officially in 1940, and it served as the trans-provincial highway until 1962 when the Rogers Pass portion of the Trans-Canada Highway was opened.
Highway 23 was initially opened in 1964, and it was re-aligned through the latter half of the 1960s. Realignment of the highway also occurred in the early 1980s, in anticipation of the creation of the reservoir for the Revelstoke Dam (Revelstoke Lake), which flooded lower parts of the highway.

## Route details

Highway 23, which is 250 km (160 mi) long, begins in the south at Nakusp, where it meets Highway 6. Highway 23 winds north along the eastern shore of Upper Arrow Lake for 49 km (30 mi) to its junction with Highway 31 at Galena Bay. The Upper Arrow Lake Ferry continues Highway 23 across Upper Arrow Lake to a location known as Shelter Bay. North of Shelter Bay, Highway 23 follows the west bank of the Columbia River for 49 km (30 mi) to where it meets the Trans-Canada Highway. Highway 23 follows the Trans-Canada east through the city of Revelstoke for 1 km (0.62 mi), finally turning north after leaving Revelstoke.
North of Revelstoke, Highway 23 entirely follows the east bank of Revelstoke Lake for 151 km (94 mi), past the old townsite of Mica Creek to its northern terminus at the Mica Dam facility.

## Major intersections

| Regional District | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Central Kootenay | Nakusp | 0.00 | 0.00 | Highway 6 – Nelson, Castlegar, Vernon | Hwy 23 southern terminus |
| Columbia-Shuswap | Galena Bay | 44.97 | 27.94 | Highway 31 east – Trout Lake, Kaslo | |
| Columbia-Shuswap | ​ | 46.82 | 29.09 | Upper Arrow Lake Ferry crosses Upper Arrow Lake Kilometrage does not include ferry | Upper Arrow Lake Ferry crosses Upper Arrow Lake Kilometrage does not include ferry |
| Columbia-Shuswap | Revelstoke | 95.87 | 59.57 | Highway 1 (TCH) west – Salmon Arm, Kamloops | West end of Hwy 1 concurrency |
| Columbia-Shuswap | Revelstoke | 96.42 | 59.91 | Revelstoke Bridge crosses the Columbia River | Revelstoke Bridge crosses the Columbia River |
| Columbia-Shuswap | Revelstoke | 96.88 | 60.20 | Victoria Road – City Centre | |
| Columbia-Shuswap | Revelstoke | 97.31 | 60.47 | Highway 1 (TCH) east – Golden | East end of Hwy 1 concurrency |
| Columbia-Shuswap | ​ | 247.82 | 153.99 | Mica Dam | Hwy 23 northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus ||||||
# Jeff Ellis (plant scientist)

Jeffrey Graham (Jeff) Ellis FRS FAA (born 4 May 1953 in Adelaide) is an Australian plant scientist, and Program Leader at CSIRO Plant Industry.

## Life

He earned a BAgSc in 1976, and a PhD in 1981, from the University of Adelaide. In 1984, as a Research Scientist in CSIRO Plant Industry, he worked on the identification of transcriptional control elements in the promoters of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase gene and the Agrobacterium T-DNA gene octopine synthase. Ellis and his research team were among the first to clone and characterize plant disease resistance genes.
# Deh-e Rahm

Deh-e Rahm (Persian: ده رحم) is a village in, and the capital of, Yusefvand Rural District of the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 475 in 97 households. The following census in 2011 counted 485 people in 120 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 435 people in 115 households.
# ElbaFly

ElbaFly was a broker based in Elba, and organised flights to and from Italy.

## Destinations

The last destinations of ElbaFly were:

### Italy

* Florence - Florence Airport, Peretola
* Milan - Malpensa Airport seasonal
* Marina di Campo - Marina di Campo Airport
* Pisa - Pisa International Airport

## Fleet

The Elbafly chartered fleet included the following aircraft (as of 21 September 2008):
* 1 Let L-410 Turbolet (which was operated by Silver Air)
# Springald

A springald, or espringal, was a Torsion siege engine device for throwing bolts in medieval times. It is depicted in a diagram in an 11th-century Byzantine manuscript, but in Western Europe is more evident in the late 12th century and early 13th century. It was constructed on the same principles as an Ancient Greek or Roman ballista, but with inward swinging arms and threw bolts instead of stones. It was also known as a 'skein-bow', and was a torsion device using twisted skeins of silk or sinew to power two bow-arms.

## History

The springald was a defensive bolt thrower based on the torsion mechanism of ancient ballistas, with two arms held in a skein of twisted sinew or hair. Unlike the ballista, it seems to have been housed in a rectangular box-like wooden structure and shot bolts instead of stones. According to digital models and projections, a springald could throw a bolt around 180 meters if mounted on a tower at an elevation of 15 degrees. It appears to have spread across Europe rapidly during the 13th century. According to J Liebel, its appearance may be connected to the invention of the spinning wheel in Europe around 1250, which made the winding of skeins easier. The earliest reference to the springald appears in France in 1249 and its presence is attested to in the arsenal at Reims in 1258. In England, an order of horsehair was made for springalds in 1266. Springalds were commonly used to defend gates from atop towers, where their skeins were safe from wet weather and their bolts could be shot a greater distance. Springalds were expensive to produce: Liebel's calculation for the cost of machines built for the pope at Avignon puts them at six months' wages for an unskilled laborer. By 1382, springalds were being phased out in favor of crossbows or firearms. In some parts of Germany and Switzerland, the springald survived until the early 15th century.

## Reconstructions

Several reconstructed examples can be found, Jean Leibell produced a 12-inch (30.5 cm) model for his researches into "Springalds and Great Crossbows" which was commissioned by the Royal Armouries Museum, and a larger model can be seen at the Tower of London. The only known full-size example is in the Royal Armouries Museum at Fort Nelson, Portsmouth at around 8 feet (2.4 m) long and capable of hurling a 2.4 kilograms (5.3 lb) bolt over 55 metres (60 yd) (in excess of its expected range) and a 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb) bolt over 77 metres (84 yd). This example was removed by the manufacturer, The Tenghesvisie Mechanical Artillery Society, for further research into the winding mechanism and firing tests. The machine was to be returned to the museum in the spring of 2013 for a public demonstration of mechanical artillery at Fort Nelson. There also exists or existed a huge springald at Trebuchet Park, Albarracín, Spain.

## In popular culture

* An espringal was mentioned in the penultimate episode of Game of Thrones.
* The Redwall book Loamhedge has a mouse named "Springald" (presumably after the contraption).
* Springalds appear in the video game Age of Empires IV.
# Dar Tang-e Sofla

Dar Tang-e Sofla (Persian: درتنگ سفلي) is a village in Yusefvand Rural District of the Central District of Selseleh County, Lorestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 792 in 181 households. The following census in 2011 counted 870 people in 222 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 846 people in 242 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Marta Blanco

Marta Blanco (1938–2020), was a Chilean writer and journalist.

## Early life

Blanco was born in 1938 in Viña del Mar.

## Personal life

Blanco was married to Enrique Lafourcade. She was his second wife and they were together for seven years. He had been married to Chilean-born Canadian artist Maria Luisa Segnoret and he went on to marry Chilean painter Rossana Pizarro Garcia.

## Books

* The Generation Of The Leaves, Zig-Zag, 1965.
* Everything Is A Lie, Editora Brocal, 1974 – contains 13 stories,
** Bluegirl
** The disappearance of Eleodoro
** Gath & Chávez
** Golden wedding
** The general's feast
** Roast chickens
** A paper crown
** Motel
** The artist consoled
** Presence
** Maternity
** Optical One: She thought she was thinking about it
** Optics two: Mirage
* For The Left Hand, Caos Ediciones, 1990; contains 12 stories,
** Japanese Towels
** Fueguina
** Chu Yuan's iniquities
** Walk
** Flatterer
** Moon that breaks
** Dark honeysuckle affair
** The Lord have mercy on Schtodt
** The saccade of the nuns
** The representative of the fourth part of the universe
** By Eye
** Interrogation by chosen people who know
* Maradentro, Alfaguara, Santiago, 1997.
* La Emperrada, Alfaguara, Santiago, 2001.
* Whale Memory, Uqbar, Santiago, 2009

## Awards

* Story Contest of the magazine Paula 1975.
* Story Contest of the magazine Paula 1980.
* Cuentos de El Mercurio Award 1995.
* Tales of El Mercurio Award 1997.
* Erotic Tales Award 2005 (Caras magazine).
* Critics Award 2009 (Círculo de Críticos de Arte de Chile) for Memory of whales .
# Wang Xiqin

Wang Xiqin (Chinese: 王希勤; pinyin: Wáng Xīqín; born June 1968) is a Chinese electronic engineer and academic administrator who served as the president of Tsinghua University from February 2022 to December 2023. He was replaced by Li Luming with the approval of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Wang was born in Jiangyan District, Taizhou, Jiangsu province in 1968. He secondary studied at Jiangyan High School.
Wang Xiqin received a Bachelor of Engineering and a Doctor of Engineering both in electronic engineering and from Tsinghua University in 1991 and 1996, respectively.
Wang joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in November 1990. After graduation, he stayed at the university and worked successively as deputy director and director of Electronic Engineering Department, vice dean of the School of Information Science and Technology, director of Personnel Department and director of Human Resources Development Office, and deputy director of Supervision Committee. He became assistant president in February 2016. In December 2016, he was appointed vice president. After this office was terminated in October 2018, he became executive vice president. On 25 February 2022, he was promoted to be president, a position at vice-ministerial level.
# Francisco Motors Corporation

Francisco Motors Corporation (FMC) is a Filipino automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Camarines Norte, Bicol Region, Philippines.
FMC is noted for manufacturing jeepneys. Aside from this, they had the right to assemble Mazda pickups and vans and Hyundai vehicles.

## History

Francisco Motors was established by local artist and entrepreneur Anastacio Francisco alongside his brothers Fernando Francisco and Jorge Francisco. The company had a starting capital of ₱200 (equivalent to ₱23,212 in 2021) as a small painting shop that expanded into automotive manufacturing by converting leftover United States Army jeeps after World War II into jeepneys.

## Public transport

In 1975, FMC provided a fleet of 50 Harabas Taksi taxicabs for the state-run Manila Transit Corporation. The Harabas Taksi was a four-door station wagon basic utility vehicle conceived as a derivative of the GM Harabas manufactured by General Motors as a result of the Progressive Car Manufacturing Program (PCMP) of the Marcos administration.
In December 21, 2023, FMC proposed the creation of a "unli-ride" public transport system with it providing the jeepneys. The state's sovereign wealth fund firm Maharlika Investment Corporation has expressed interest to invest.

## Mazda deal and lawsuit

FMC entered a deal with Mazda, when Ford Motors still had a stake in the company, which gave FMC the right to assemble the B25 pick-up and Ford Econovan models until October 2002. However from 1999, FMC and Mazda became involved in a legal dispute with the latter allegedly allowed Ford to assemble Ford Ranger vehicles in the Philippines competing with the original models FMC is supposed to assemble. This was seen as detrimental to FMC.
# Róża, Łódź Voivodeship

Róża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobroń, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Dobroń, 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Pabianice, and 24 km (15 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# 12 Farvardin Square (Shiraz)

12 Farvardin Square is a square in southern Shiraz, Iran, where Jannat Street (Shishegari) and Artesh Boulevard meet each other. Fahmideh Square is to the west, and Rahmat Highway to the south.

## Transportation
### Streets

* Artesh Boulevard
* Jannat Street (Shishegari)

### Buses

* Route 3
* Route 26
* Route 33
* Route 135
29°35′29″N 52°32′38″E﻿ / ﻿29.5915°N 52.5438°E﻿ / 29.5915; 52.5438
# Carryover with steam

Carryover with steam refers to transport of moisture and impurities with steam.
Moisture carryover with steam is quantified by the mass flow rate of liquid water per mass flow rate of steam. In boilers producing saturated steam, it is typically about 0.1% but may increase with fouling and boiler impurities.
The carryover of impurities (for example, sodium, chloride, copper, silica) with steam can be divided into two parts:
* mechanical carryover of the impurity with liquid water droplets entrained with the steam, and
* vaporous carryover of the impurity in steam.
The total carryover is the sum of the two. Vaporous carryover generally increases with increasing steam pressure. In low pressure boilers, mechanical carryover prevails, possibly with the exception of more volatile impurities, such as silica.
Impurity carryover can cause corrosion and fouling of steam turbines, reheaters, and superheaters.
# Daraga station

Daraga station is a railway station located on the South Main Line in Albay, Philippines.

## History

Daraga was opened in November 1914 as part of the Legazpi Division Line from Tabaco, Albay to Iriga, Camarines Sur via Legazpi City. The station was expanded in 1938 for the completion of the Manila-Legazpi Line.
After years of neglect, repair works were done in 2014, when PNR was given Php1.7B for Manila-Bicol line rehabilitation. The station building was reconstructed and reopened on September 18, 2015 to serve the Bicol Commuter trains to and from Legazpi. Since then, the station has deteriorated and fallen to disrepair.
The PNR Daraga Station in Albay stands as a vital link in the regional transportation network. However, due to budget constraints the project to repair the station was deferred. With time, the station has deteriorated significantly, necessitating an exhaustive reconstruction effort.
# Nodality

In critical race theory, nodality is a framework for understanding how racialized groups are organized into relational nodes within a wider structure.

## Description

Each racial group is a node in a polyhedron, connected to all other nodes, with the white node in the center. Nodality critiques the two-dimensional black-white binary, polypolarity, and triangulation theories of race in favor of a multidimensional model. Instead of understanding racism as unidirectional from white to Black, nodality conceives racism as multidirectional between differentially racialized groups.
There are four main forms of nodality:
* Relational nodality says that all racialized groups are relational and connected rather than isolated, and each group influences the others.
* Regulatory nodality says that the white node regulates the other nodes through differential racialization.
* Inflationary nodality says that, over time, non-white groups transitioning into whiteness become white through white inflation, preserving the contrast value of whiteness as property.
* Peripheral nodality says that Black and Indigenous people, as nodes on the periphery of the polyhedron, are situated in sites of critical resistance.
# Różyce, Łowicz County

Różyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kocierzew Południowy, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Kocierzew Południowy, 16 km (10 mi) north of Łowicz, and 62 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Hartwith cum Winsley

Hartwith cum Winsley is a civil parish in former Harrogate district, North Yorkshire, England. Historically it was a township in the ancient parish of Kirkby Malzeard in the West Riding of Yorkshire, a detached part of that parish. It became a separate civil parish in 1866, and was transferred to North Yorkshire in 1974.
The main settlement in the parish is the village of Summerbridge. The parish also includes the hamlets of Low Laithe, New York, Brimham, Hartwith and the eastern part of Smelthouses. Winsley consists of some scattered houses and farms in the east of the parish. In 2015 the population of the parish was estimated at 1,020.
The parish occupies the north side of lower Nidderdale. In the north of the parish are Brimham Rocks.

## History

In the Middle Ages, Hartwith cum Winsley (then known as Brimham) formed part of the lands of Fountains Abbey, which established granges at Wise Ing (near Smelthouses), Braisty Woods, Brimham Grange and Brimham Park. At Brimham Grange there was a chapel, where local recusants kept a Catholic priest in the late 16th century.
In the 18th century Brimham Hall was built on the site of Brimham Grange and is now a Grade II listed building.
Brimham Park was used by the abbots as a hunting lodge. It was replaced in 1661 by a substantial house now known as Brimham Lodge, which is a Grade I listed building.

## Church

St Jude's Church, Hartwith was originally built in 1751 as a chapel-of-ease, to save the inhabitants the 12 mile journey to their then parish church at Kirkby Malzeard. It became the parish church in 1891. It was then dedicated to St Jude at the request of former parishioners who had emigrated to Australia and attended St Jude's Church, Carlton in Melbourne. It is a Grade II listed building.
# Lulonga River

The Lulonga (Swahili: Mto Lulonga, French: Rivière Lulonga, Dutch: Lulonga Rivier) is a river in the Equateur province of Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is about 200 km long from its beginning at the town of Basankusu. The Lopori and the Maringa join to form the Lulonga there. The Lulonga River flows into the Congo River at the village of Lolanga.
# Jerry Lonecloud

Jerry Lonecloud (July 4, 1854 – April 16, 1930) served as an entertainer, ethnographer, and medicine man among the Mi'kmaq people in Nova Scotia. His oral memoirs, comprising Mi'kmaw oral histories and legends, were documented from 1923 to 1929. These memoirs were later compiled into a book—Tracking Dr. Lonecloud: Showman to Legend Keeper—by ethnographer and historian Ruth Holmes Whitehead at the Nova Scotia Museum in Halifax in 2002. These recordings laid the foundation for the 2002 biography, the first known Mi'kmaq memoir. According to Whitehead, Lonecloud could "rightly" be called the "ethnographer of the Micmac nation."

## Early life

Lonecloud was born on 4 July 1852 in Belfast, Maine, to Mi'kmaw parents originally from Nova Scotia. His birth name was Germain Bartlett Alexis. He learned about traditional medicine from his parents at a young age. In the 1880s, when he started his career as a showman, he adopted the name Jerry Lonecloud. He lived in Vermont for some time. After the deaths of his parents at the age of 14 in 1868, he began a two-year search to find his brother and his two sisters to return with them to Nova Scotia.

## Career
### Dr. Lonecloud

In the 1890s, while performing in Medicine Shows and Wild West shows—including John Healy and Charles Bigelow's Kickapoo Indian medicine, Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show and the Kiowa Medicine Show—Lonecloud started using the moniker Dr. Lonecloud.

### Ethnographer

Lonecloud's ethnographic and archival work is recorded in his biography co-authored by ethnographer and historian Ruth Holmes Whitehead, journalist Clara Dennis, and Lonecloud himself. Dennis's interviews with Lonecloud, recorded from 1923 to 1929, form the core of the biography. The 1920s recordings with Dennis include Mi'kmaw legends, oral histories, jokes, and social customs that hadn't been published before the release of the 2002 biography.
In his role as an ethnographer, Lonecloud collaborated extensively with historian and archivist Harry Piers.

## Personal life

On December 6, 1917, during the Halifax Explosion, Lonecloud and his family were living in Tufts Cove in Dartmouth. The catastrophe killed two of his daughters and cost him an eye.
Lonecloud died in Halifax on April 16, 1930.

## Legacy

* The musical group Lone Cloud is named after him.
* Lonecloud Island (site of a former Scouts Camp) in Fall River, Nova Scotia bears his name.
* The Jerry Lonecloud Trail in Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia is named in his honor.
* A display dedicated to him can be seen at the Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History.
# Milldale (Southington)

Milldale is a neighborhood in the incorporated town of Southington, Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.
# Bijodaira Station

Bijodaira Station (美女平駅, Bijodaira-eki) is a funicular station in Tateyama, Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

* Tateyama Kurobe Kankō
** Tateyama Cable Car (Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route)

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Tateyama Cable Car |||||
| Tateyama | | - | | Terminus |
* This Toyama Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Mille Lacs Kathio State Park

46°07′44″N 93°44′26″W﻿ / ﻿46.128849°N 93.740527°W﻿ / 46.128849; -93.740527 Mille Lacs Kathio State Park, also known as Kathio Site, is a Minnesota state park on Mille Lacs Lake. The park preserves habitation sites and mound groups, believed to date between 3000 BC and 1750 AD, that document Dakota Indian culture and Ojibwe-Dakota relationships. The park contains 19 identified archaeological sites, making it one of the most significant archaeological collections in Minnesota. The earliest site dates to the Archaic period and shows evidence of copper tool manufacture. The Dakota lived in this area roughly until the 18th century, when many bands of them were moving southward into the prairies and river areas of southern Minnesota. At the same time, Ojibwe (Anishinaabe) were moving in from the east. Ojibwe oral tradition, published by William Whipple Warren, suggests that there was a battle in which they successfully took control of the area from the Lakota.
Around the time of contact in the 1850s, loggers came to the area. The next 50 years resulted in a large quantity of trees being felled and floated down the Rum River or across Mille Lacs Lake to sawmills.
The name "Kathio" is actually a corruption of "Izatys", a name the Mdewakanton Dakota people gave themselves. Explorer Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut visited the area in 1679. He named the area "Izatys", but his poor handwriting led people to mistake the "Iz" as a "K". Further errors led to the name being transliterated to "Kathio".
The Kathio Historic District site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.
* Entrance sign
* Kayak dock
* Native burial mounds
* Ogechie Lake
* Wilford Archeological Site