OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# S. Walter Poulshock

S. Walter Poulshock (February 19, 1929 – February 3, 1997) was an American historian and psychotherapist.
As an assistant professor at Rutgers University, he resigned his position after it was discovered that his 1965 book The Two Parties and the Tariff in the 1880s, among other work, was based on fabricated quotes. The case has been described as one of the most notable examples of academic fraud in American historical research prior to the more widely publicised Arming America case. Poulshock subsequently retrained as a psychotherapist, and practiced in this field until his death in 1997.

## Career as historian

Poulshock studied for a PhD at the University of Pennsylvania, specialising in politics of the 1880s, and graduated in 1962. He then adapted his thesis into a book, published by Syracuse University Press.
Poulshock received an appointment as an assistant professor at Rutgers and the book initially received some favourable attention. However, reviewer Jerome L. Sternstein (who wrote two articles on the case in 2002) and others came to realise that many quotes were from letters that did not exist. In addition, it emerged that Poulshock had never been to a department of the Library of Congress where he claimed to have carried out much of his research.
Poulshock was reportedly challenged by a meeting of Rutgers faculty, where he confessed and agreed to leave.

## Aftermath

The book was initially withdrawn under the justification of 'technical issues'. A rush of buying copies took place as historians aware of the real facts sought to quickly buy copies for their own examination or as souvenirs before the book was withdrawn.
The University of Pennsylvania declined to provide a comment on the topic to its student newspaper, leading the paper to publish both a news article and an opinion piece in April 1966 on the topic in protest.
In July 1966 the American Historical Review stated that the book was based "confessedly in part upon evidence which does not exist, has been withdrawn as far as possible from circulation, and anyone attempting to use it should be advised of this."
Sternstein wrote in 2002 that he was concerned that the case had not been sufficiently publicised, meaning that Poulshock's work continued to be cited by historians unaware that it was fraudulent, and it had never been removed from the shelves of many university libraries. This concern has also been raised since. Indeed, his book and thesis have continued to be occasionally cited, as recently as 2013.

## Sociologist

Poulshock received another doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978, this time in sociology. He moved to Ohio, where he served as director of program management for the Windsor Behavioral Health Network.
# Shawar Ali

Shahwar Ali is an Indian actor and model who appears primarily in Bollywood, Tollywood and Sandalwood films.

## Early life and career

Sarwar Ali was born and raised in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. His father was a farmer in Bhopal. He shifted to Mumbai in 2000. He worked as a ramp model for the fashion brand Calvin Klein for three months in 2002 before joining the film industry. His debut film was Asambhav released in 2004, where he acted alongside Arjun Rampal and Priyanka Chopra.
In 1998, he won an award in Mr. India under "Best Physique category".

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Film | Role | Language |
| 2004 | Hawas | Raj Mittal | Hindi |
| 2004 | Asambhav | Rafiq Mabroz | Hindi |
| 2004 | Ab... Bas! | Karan Malhotra | Hindi |
| 2005 | 99.9 FM | Gautam Singh | Hindi |
| 2005 | Khamoshh... Khauff Ki Raat | Senior Inspector Jatin | Hindi |
| 2005 | Fareb | Undercover officer | Hindi |
| 2007 | Om Shanti Om | Himself (cameo) | Hindi |
| 2009 | Runway | David | Hindi |
| 2009 | Rechipo | Shakur Ahmed | Telugu |
| 2010 | Golimaar | Talwar | Telugu |
| 2011 | Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap | Anju | Hindi |
| 2012 | Naa Ishtam | Salim Bhai | Telugu |
| 2012 | Mere Dost Picture Abhi Baki Hai | Hero | Hindi |
| 2012 | Paanch Ghantey Mien Paanch Crore | Vikram | Hindi |
| 2012 | Department | Gangster | Hindi |
| 2013 | Iddarammayilatho | Shawar | Telugu |
| 2014 | Action Jackson | Nawab | Hindi |
| 2015 | Monsoon | — | Hindi |
| 2015 | Four Pillars of Basement | Jiju | Hindi |
| 2015 | Rebel | Shawar Ali | Kannada |
| 2016 | Dictator | | Telugu |
| 2016 | Fattu Saala | | Hindi |
| 2017 | Chakravarthy | Bombay Diwan | Kannada |
| 2021 | Wild Dog | Bomzan | Telugu |
| 2023 | Bhola Shankar | Charles (Alexander's brother) | Telugu |

### Television

* Power Couple
* Amma
* Mast Mauli
# UFO sightings in India

This is a list of alleged sightings of UFOs in India.

## 1951

* In New Delhi, members of a flying club reported a cigar-shaped object in the sky which was about one hundred feet long.

## 2004

* On 27 September, 2004, team of scientists in Samudra Tapu spotted a white object resembling a "snow man" on top of an adjacent mountain ridge. India Today speculated the UFO could be "a spy drone from across the border" or "a spy balloon".

## 2007

* In October, a strange "fireball" was photographed in the skies of Kolkata, claimed to be shape-shifting.

## 2013

* In June, residents in Chennai observed five specks of bright orange light in night sky.
* In August, troops of the Indian Army spotted several UFOs near Ladakh border.

## 2015

* In Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, a local resident claimed to have taken a photo of a large UFO. However, a rash of similar photos from other parts of the world depicting the appearance of a UFO similar to the one in the movie Independence Day were most likely "created using digital editing software or even a mobile phone app, as some on the market allow UFOs to be blended into pictures".
* In June, a boy from Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh reportedly captured a flying saucer in his father's phone while clicking photos of clouds.

## 2023

* In November, a UFO was spotted over Imphal airport which disrupted flight services for three hours. Two Indian Air Force Rafale fighter jets were scrambled from a nearby air base. The search yielded no result at the unidentified objects were not seen again.
# Railheading

In the UK, railheading refers to the practice of travelling further than necessary to reach a rail service, typically by car. The phenomenon is common among commuters seeking a more convenient journey. Reasons for railheading include, but are not limited to, the following:
* Discounted fares may be available on another part of the route, but not from their local station - passengers may drive further to benefit from the discount.
* Where the local station is served less frequently, passengers may drive to a station with a more frequent service. This is often the case on branch lines or at stations where most trains pass through rather than stop.
# Dover Grammar School for Girls

Dover Grammar School for Girls is a community grammar school for girls, aged between 11 and 16, and a joint sixth-form with boys between the age of 16 and 18, in Dover, England.

## School History

The school can trace back its origins to 1904 when the County School for Boys and Girls formed as a result of the amalgamation of the Dover Pupil Teacher Centre (founded in 1894) and The Municipal Secondary School (founded in 1890).
In 1910, the County School split into 2 separate entities, Dover County School for Boys and Dover County School for Girls and, after housed in several buildings in Dover (Effingham Crescent, Godwyne Road and Maison Dieu Road), the school moved to the Boy's premises in Frith Road in 1934 who relocated to Astor Avenue.
The school's houses are Hubert de Burgh 1st Earl of Kent, St Martin, Queen Ethelburga, and Stephen de Pencester with the names chosen in a poll by the students and have never changed.
During World War II, pupils and staff of the school were evacuated to Caerleon Training College in Wales, part of the University of South Wales.

### Post-War Developments

In 1990, following a new government formula-funding scheme, proposals were made to move Dover Grammar School for Boys and the Girls' school to the former vacated Castlemount School site but this was abandoned following opposition from staff, parents and the general public.
In 1991, education chiefs considered moving the 2 grammar schools to a single site in Whitfield. Instead, it was agreed to create a joint 6th form with DGSB which continues to this day.
In 2007, as part of the Specialist schools programme, the grammar school was allowed to concentrate in the humanities.
In 2008, plans were drawn to relocate the 2 Dover grammar schools to one site in Whitfield, led by the Kent County Council under the Building Schools for the Future programme but this was cancelled in 2010.
In 2018, the governors approved the building of a new Science block on the site of the music mobile. New state of the art Science facilities will be ready in 2019 and include four large laboratories, a small staff room and a Prep room.

## Admissions

The school is selective and participates in order to gain entry the prospective student must first pass the 11+ examination, informally known as the "Kent Test" or the Dover Test, children able to take both.

### Headteachers

* Ms Jesse Chapman, (1910-1926)
* Ms Helen Scott, (1926-1928)
* Ms Edith May Gruer MA (Aberdeen), (1928-1951)
* Ms Marian Sergeant MA (Oxon), (1951-1965)
* Ms Lillian V Kay BA (London), PGCE (Cantab), (1965-1977)
* Ms Joan R Hasler MA (Oxon), (1977-1986)
* Ms Elizabeth J Davis, (1986-1992)
* Dr Roger Thurling BSc, PhD (Kent), (1992-1994)
* Ms Elizabeth Lewis, (1994-1999)
* Mrs Julia Bell BA (UEA), PGCE (London), (1999-2004)
* Mrs Judith Carlisle BA (Bristol), (2004-2010)
* Mr Matthew Bartlett MA (Cantab), (2010-2016)
* Mr Robert Benson BSc (Exeter), PGCE, MA (CCCU), (2016 - 2024)
* Mr Daniel Quinn (2024 - )

### Notable alumnae

* Ruth and May Bell, twin fashion models
# Airside pass

An airside pass is a type of secure keycard issued by the authorities of a specific airport to their employees, and serves as a means for the employee to pass through security situated between the airside and landside sections of the facility. Employees requiring an airside pass are subject to numerous security checks, including a criminal records check and proof of identity.
# The 80 Yard Run (Playhouse 90)

"The 80 Yard Run" is an American television play broadcast on January 16, 1958, as part of the second season of the CBS television series Playhouse 90. Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward co-starred. Franklin Schaffner directed, and David Shaw wrote the teleplay as an adaptation of a story written by his brother Irwin Shaw.

## Plot

A college freshman, Christian Darling, runs 80 yards for a touchdown to establish himself as a star. His girlfriend, Louise, is a rich and beautiful girl. The two marry, but Christian's football career falters after an injury. Louise's career working at a magazine is very successful. Christian is frustrated by his inability to support Louise, and the marriage fails.

## Cast

The following performers received screen credit for their performances:
* Paul Newman - Christian Darling
* Joanne Woodward - Louise Darling
* Darryl Hickman - Herbie
* Robert F. Simon - Sam
* Richard Anderson - Pete
* Red Sanders - Coach (UCLA football coach)

## Production

David Shaw wrote the teleplay, as an adaptation of a story by his brother, Irwin Shaw. The story originally appeared in the May 1955 issue of Playboy magazine. Franklin Schaffner directed. Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward starred.
Prior to the broadcast, Woodward expressed concern about the production: "We agreed to do it because Paul loved the story so much. But I think they have stretched it too much, padded it."
On January 29, 1958, 13 days after their appearance in The 80 Yard Run, Newman and Woodward were married by a judge in a bungalow at the El Rancho Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. They also appeared on screen later in the year in the film The Long, Hot Summer.
UCLA football head coach Red Sanders made his acting debut in the production. He played the part of a college football coach.

## Reception

In The New York Times, John P. Shanley praised that the "sensitive and effective" performances of Newman and Woodward, and opined that the "expert direction" of Franklin Schaffner, "gave distinction to what might otherwise have been a routine presentation."
United Press television critic William Ewald rated it as the best offering from Playhouse 90's second season. He was especially effusive in his praise of Newman and Woodward: "I don't think it would be possible to heap too much praise upon Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward . . . Newman and Miss Woodward turned out a team performance that spoke of deep respect for each other's craft, a meshing together that indicated understanding of their parts and, I imagine, lots or rehearsal sweat."
A review in the Los Angeles Times called it a "remarkable story" with the "ingredients of a great show."
# Knave

Knave may refer to:
* A rogue (vagrant), a rascal, deceitful fellow, a dishonest man
* Knave (playing card), another name for the jack in card games
* Knave (British magazine), a British softcore pornographic magazine published 1968-2015
* Knave (American magazine), a short-lived American men's magazine published in 1959
* The Knave, the codename of Arlecchino, a character in 2020 video game Genshin Impact
* The Knave, a Welsh hillfort also known as Deborah's Hole Camp
* In Knights and Knaves logic puzzles, a person who always lies
* A male domestic worker, a person who works within the employer's household (kitchen boy in Middle English)
# The Alchemist (The Blacklist)

"The Alchemist" is the twelfth episode of the first season of the American crime drama The Blacklist. The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on January 20, 2014.

## Plot

Red informs the team that "The Alchemist" (guest star Ryan O'Nan), a man who relies upon science to transform a person's DNA and their appearance into someone else's, has been contracted to protect a well-known mob informant and his wife. As the team goes undercover to catch him, Elizabeth finds herself on the hunt for an unlikely couple. Meanwhile Elizabeth and Tom find themselves at another bump in their relationship and Ressler debates whether or not he should give his ex-fiancee his blessing. Meanwhile, Red continues conducting more investigations of his own and discovers the identity of the FBI double agent: Meera. Also, Lucy Brooks, the woman Red was looking for in ViCAP, is shown with files about Liz and Tom, and she infiltrates the Keen's baby shower party, introducing herself as "Jolene Parker", a substitute teacher. She flirts with Tom and, in the end, they visit an art exhibit together because Elizabeth is late from work. Red pays Meera a visit at her house with a loaded gun to interrogate her, and she admits to being the mole.

## Reception
### Ratings

"The Alchemist" premiered on NBC on January 20, 2014 in the 10–11 p.m. time slot. The episode garnered a 2.3/6 Nielsen rating with 8.83 million viewers, making it the second most-watched show in its time slot behind ABC's Castle, which collected 8.96 million viewers. "The Alchemist" was also the eleventh most-watched television show of the week.

### Reviews

Jason Evans of The Wall Street Journal gave a positive review of the episode: "This was a pretty solid episode. I doubt Red is going to kill Malik, she’s a character they can do a lot more with before offing her. The story of The Alchemist may seem relatively unimportant right now, but I bet it has an impact down the line because Red needs something from his client list".
Jim McMahon of IGN gave the episode a 7.2/10: "The Alchemist" goes back to meat-and-potatoes Blacklist territory, as the Feds chase another name and Red does what Red does". He further stated: "Still, the stuff that matters most is The Blacklist's strongest suit: James Spader elegantly chewing scenery and well-executed procedural plots with bad guys to match. As long as we keep getting healthy doses of each, I'm happy".
# Solid wood

Solid wood is a term most commonly used to distinguish between ordinary lumber and engineered wood, but it also refers to structures that do not have hollow spaces. Engineered wood products are manufactured by binding together wood strands, fibers, or veneers with adhesives to form a composite material. Engineered wood includes plywood, oriented strand board (OSB) and fiberboard. The fact that a product is made from solid wood is often touted in advertisements. However, using solid wood has advantages and disadvantages.

## Comparison with engineered wood

Perhaps the greatest advantage of solid wood is that the wood is the same all the way through, so repairs are relatively easy. Repairs to veneer are much more difficult and sometimes impossible.
Solid wood furniture is strong enough to easily satisfy all furniture applications, and it can last for centuries. Society is still questioning whether furniture made of plywood (often made from pine) can do the same. Plywood and other engineered wood products used to make furniture are typically covered with a veneer such as Cherry.
It is common today for furniture manufacturers and retailers to advertise such veneered plywood furniture as made of "wood solids with cherry veneers". Most customers believe that to mean solid planks of less expensive woods such as poplar, etc., with expensive woods such as cherry used for veneers. However, "wood solids" is a term of art. The "wood solids" are simply plywood, or another engineered wood product.
In the US, the Federal Trade Commission doesn't allow furniture to be advertised as made of "solid wood" unless all exposed surfaces are in fact solid wood. Solid wood is expensive. Engineered wood (often advertised as wood solids) is not.

## Solid wood vs. hollow wood

One of the most frequently made hollow wood structures are hollow core doors. Hollow core doors are much lighter than solid wood doors, cheaper and are easier to install. However, sound travels more freely through them, which can be a problem if the house is noisy or the occupants desire a lot of privacy. Also, hollow core doors should not be used as doors to the outside because they can more easily be broken open by robbers. Solid wood doors are slightly more fire resistant because the fire has to burn through more material, however, using a steel door will increase fire resistance by a much larger margin.
# SEED

SEED is a block cipher developed by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA). It is used broadly throughout South Korean industry, but seldom found elsewhere. It gained popularity in Korea because 40-bit encryption was not considered strong enough, so the Korea Information Security Agency developed its own standard. However, this decision has historically limited the competition of web browsers in Korea, as no major SSL libraries or web browsers supported the SEED algorithm, requiring users to use an ActiveX control in Internet Explorer for secure web sites.
On April 1, 2015 the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) announced its plan to remove the ActiveX dependency from at least 90 percent of the country's top 100 websites by 2017. Instead, HTML5-based technologies will be employed as they operate on many platforms, including mobile devices. Starting with the private sector, the ministry plans to expand this further to ultimately remove this dependency from public websites as well.

## Design

SEED is a 16-round Feistel network with 128-bit blocks and a 128-bit key. It uses two 8 × 8 S-boxes which, like those of SAFER, are derived from discrete exponentiation (in this case, x$^{247}$ and x$^{251}$ – plus some "incompatible operations"). It also has some resemblance to MISTY1 in the recursiveness of its structure: the 128-bit full cipher is a Feistel network with an F-function operating on 64-bit halves, while the F-function itself is a Feistel network composed of a G-function operating on 32-bit halves. However the recursion does not extend further because the G-function is not a Feistel network. In the G-function, the 32-bit word is considered as four 8-bit bytes, each of which is passed through one or the other of the S-boxes, then combined in a moderately complex set of boolean functions such that each output bit depends on 3 of the 4 input bytes.
SEED has a fairly complex key schedule, generating its thirty-two 32-bit subkeys through application of its G-function on a series of rotations of the raw key, combined with round constants derived (as in TEA) from the Golden ratio.

## Use and adoption

SEED has been adopted by several standard protocols: S/MIME (RFC 4010), TLS/SSL (RFC 4162), IPSec (RFC 4196), and ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010.
NSS software security library in Mozilla's Gecko platform has implemented support for SEED, and Mozilla Firefox as of 3.5.4 supports SEED as a TLS cipher; however, Mozilla decided to drop the support of SEED by default in Firefox 27 and above because support for SEED has not had any practical positive effect in terms of helping South Korea migrate away from ActiveX-based e-commerce, and other browsers are not offering any SEED-based cipher suites. NSS still supports SEED-based cipher suites.
The Linux kernel has supported SEED since 2007.
Bloombase supports SEED in their full suite of data cryptography solutions.
# List of cryptosystems

A cryptosystem is a set of cryptographic algorithms that map ciphertexts and plaintexts to each other.

## Private-key cryptosystems

Private-key cryptosystems use the same key for encryption and decryption.
* Caesar cipher
* Substitution cipher
* Enigma machine
* Data Encryption Standard
* Twofish
* Serpent
* Camellia
* Salsa20
* ChaCha20
* Blowfish
* CAST5
* Kuznyechik
* RC4
* 3DES
* Skipjack
* Safer
* IDEA
* Advanced Encryption Standard, also known as AES and Rijndael.

## Public-key cryptosystems

Public-key cryptosystems use a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
* Diffie–Hellman key exchange
* RSA encryption
* Rabin cryptosystem
* Schnorr signature
* ElGamal encryption
* Elliptic-curve cryptography
* Lattice-based cryptography
* McEliece cryptosystem
* Multivariate cryptography
* Isogeny-based cryptography
# The Blackwell Story (Playhouse 90)

"The Blackwell Story" was an American television film broadcast live on February 28, 1957, as part of the CBS television series, Playhouse 90. It was the 22nd episode of the first season of Playhouse 90. Joanne Dru played the role of Elizabeth Blackwell.

## Plot

The play examines the life of Elizabeth Blackwell who became America's first woman doctor in 1849.

## Cast

* Joanne Dru as Elizabeth Blackwell
* Dan O'Herlihy as Dr. Keller
* Charles Korvin as Dr. Von Neff
* Marshall Thompson as David
* Keith Larsen as Howard
* Wilton Graff as Samuel Blackwell
* Philip Tonge as Dean Parkington
* Paul Keast as Dean Robertson
* Damian O'Flynn as Dr. McKay
* Joanna Barnes as Ellen Blackwell
* Harvey Stephens as Dr. Adams
Frank Lovejoy hosted the show.

## Production

The film was produced by Screen Gems for Playhouse 90. It was Screen Gems' fifth production for the series.
Eva Wolas was the producer, and James Neilson was the director. Mel Barr wrote the teleplay based on an unproduced script ("The First Woman Doctor") by Lloyd C. Douglas. Gert Andersen was the director of photography.

## Reception

Walter Ames in the Los Angeles Times called it a "TV triumph" and praised Dru's "sterling performance".
In the New York Daily News, Ben Gross called it an "interesting play" and praised Dru for "an appealing and forceful portrayal."