OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The European (newspaper)

The European, billed as "Europe's first national newspaper", was a British weekly newspaper founded by Robert Maxwell. It was published from 11 May 1990 until December 1998.

## History

Maxwell founded the paper in the fervour which immediately followed the destruction of the Berlin Wall and collapse of the Iron Curtain. The name was a reflection of the feelings of pan-European unity which were brought on by the historic changes, an ideal which Maxwell wholeheartedly supported. According to Time magazine, Maxwell originally envisaged a daily with a circulation of 650,000, but by the launch date plans had been cut down to a more realistic weekly with a circulation of 225,000. In the event, the circulation peaked at 180,000, over half of which was British.
According to British academic James Dennison, 'Its first issue featured contributions from Margaret Thatcher, Wilfried Martens, Jacques Santer, Mário Soares and the President of the Bundesbank as well as polls showing majority support for a single currency (in the United Kingdom and others, but not Germany or Denmark), soft anti-Americanism, new pan-European Ecu-denominated financial indices and coverage of the disintegration of the eastern bloc.'
Following Maxwell's death, the Barclay brothers bought the newspaper in 1992, investing an estimated $110 million and in 1996 transforming it into a high-end tabloid format oriented at the business community edited by Andrew Neil.
In 1996, The European had a staff of 70 in London, 3 in Brussels, 1 in Paris, 1 in Berlin, 1 in Moscow, as well as a network of 100 freelance writers throughout Europe.
Among the newspaper's innovations was a weekly short fiction contribution from published and previously unpublished writers.
The New European (a pro-EU newspaper founded in 2016 following the Brexit referendum) is partially inspired by The European's experience.

## Editors

* 1990: Ian Watson
* 1991: John Bryant
* 1992: Charles Garside
* 1993: Herbert Pearson
* 1994: Charles Garside
* 1996: Andrew Neil
* 1998: Gerry Malone

## Contributors (partial list)

* Nigel Cox
* Jean Cavé
* Bronwyn Cosgrave
* Jean Schalit
* Roger Faligot
* Peter Millar
* Jane Mulvagh
* Stephanie Theobald
* Peter Ustinov
* Mark Porter
* Walter Ellis
* Anne-Elisabeth Moutet
* Tim Walker, later to work on The New European
* Teodor Troev, later a Financial Times contributor
* Yaroslav Trofimov
# Codringtonia elisabethae

Codringtonia elisabethae is a species of air-breathing land snail.
It is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family of Helicidae, the typical snails.

## Geographic distribution

C. elisabethae is endemic to Greece, where it occurs in the north-eastern part of the Peloponnese.
# Kawachi-Kokubu Station

Kawachi-Kokubu Station (河内国分駅, Kawachi-Kokubu-eki) is a railway station on the Kintetsu Osaka Line in Kashiwara, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.

## Layout

Kawachi-Kokubu Station has two island platforms serving two tracks each.

### train time table

The general train of the following express stops, and semi express from Osaka direction stops at all stations from this station to Nabari station.
It is one of the train station of the Osaka line, and there are frequent train overtaking and a connection. The daytime time period is 3 Express/h, the suburban semi-Express local Express is 3/h, and the Local train is 1/h.

### Platforms

| 1, 2 | ■ Osaka Line | for Goido, Yamato-Yagi, Nabari, and Ise-Nakagawa |
| 3, 4 | ■ Osaka Line | for Fuse and Osaka Uehommachi |

## Surroundings

* Japan National Route 25
* Japan National Route 165
* Kansai University of Welfare Sciences
* Kashiwara City Kokubu Elementary School
* Kashiwara City Kokubu Junior High School
* Kashiwara City Tamateyama Park
* Takaida Station (JR West Kansai Line (Yamatoji Line)) (across the Yamato River)
* Domyoji Station (Minami Osaka Line)

### Bus
#### Kashiwara Loop Bus "Kirameki" (free, on weekdays)

    for Kashiwara City Hall and Karindo-Obata

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Osaka Line |||||
| Andō | Local | Ōsaka-Kyōikudai-mae |
| Andō | Suburban Semi-Express | Ōsaka-Kyōikudai-mae |
| Takayasu | Semi-Express | Ōsaka-Kyōikudai-mae |
| Fuse | Express | Goidō |
| Rapid Express: Does not stop at this station |||||
# 699

Year 699 (DCXCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 699 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Umayyad Caliphate

* Umayyad troops invade Armenia, and secure the submission of Prince Smbat VI Bagratuni. The South Caucasus becomes a viceroyalty called al-Arminiya, and is divided into four regions: Caucasian Albania, Caucasian Iberia, the area around the Aras River, and Taron (modern Turkey).

#### Asia

* June 26 – En no Ozunu, Japanese ascetic, is banished to Izu Ōshima (a volcanic island in the Izu Islands), and accused of confusing the mind of the people with magic. He will be later regarded as the founder of a folk religion called Shugendō.

## Births

* Abū Hanīfa, Arab imam and scholar (d. 767)
* Wang Wei, Chinese poet (d. 759)

## Deaths

* Niitabe, Japanese princess
* Ōe, Japanese princess
* Seaxburh of Ely, queen of Kent
* Werburgh, Anglo-Saxon princess
* Yuge, Japanese prince
# Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel and the Phenomenology of Spirit

Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel and the Phenomenology of Spirit is a 2002 book by the philosopher Robert Stern, in which the author provides an introduction to The Phenomenology of Spirit by Hegel.

## Reception

Simon Lumsden and Terry Pinkard have reviewed the book. A review of the Persian translation of the book has been published in the PTMBR.
# Veronika Pincová

Veronika Pincová (born 15 November 1989) is a former Czech football defender, who played for Slavia Prague in the Czech Women's First League. She was a member of the Czech national team for over a decade. Pincová was voted footballer of the year at the 2011 Czech Footballer of the Year (women).

## International career

She made her debut for the national team on 27 October 2007 in a UEFA Euro qualification match against Spain.
Goals for the Czech WNT in official competitions :
| Competition | Stage | Date | Location | Opponent | Goals | Result | Overall |
| 2011 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2009–10–25 | Prague | Wales | 2 | 2–1 | 2 |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2014–06–18 | Prague | North Macedonia | 1 | 5–2 | 1 |
# Mariano Yulo

Mariano Regalado Yulo (born Mariano Yulo y Regalado; September 3, 1873 – July 11, 1929) was a Filipino doctor and politician. Yulo served as a member of the Senate of the Philippines from 1925 to 1929.

## Biography

Mariano Yulo was born on September 3, 1873, in Hinigaran, Negros Occidental to Teodoro Yulo and Gregoria Regalado. Yulo completed an education at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He then followed medical training at the San Juan de Dios Hospital and graduated in 1898 with his Doctor of Medicine from the University of Santo Tomas. During the Philippine Revolution, he worked as a doctor in the military hospital in Manila. During Philippine-American War, he was active as a doctor in Binalbagan. He was also one of the members of the Malolos Congress.
After the American victory, Yulo was a member of the provincial board of Negros Occidental and president of the provincial health board from 1902. In 1908 he was elected governor of Negros Occidental and served until 1912. In 1925, Yulo was elected to the Senate of the Philippines on behalf of the 8th District after a special election to succeed Espiridion Guanco, who died in office. He was re-elected in 1928.
On July 8, 1929, Yulo was injured in a serious car accident in Hinigaran and died a few days later in his hometown at the age of 55. In a special election for his seat, Francisco Zulueta was elected, with no opponent, to complete the remainder of his term.
# Groote Schuur (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)

Groote Schuur was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1974 to 1994. Named for the then-Prime Ministerial residence and former estate of Cecil Rhodes, the seat covered parts of the inner southern suburbs of Cape Town around the University of Cape Town campus. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

## Franchise notes

When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the electoral qualifications in use in each pre-existing colony were kept in place. The Cape Colony had implemented a "colour-blind" franchise known as the Cape Qualified Franchise, which included all adult literate men owning more than £75 worth of property (controversially raised from £25 in 1892), and this initially remained in effect after the colony became the Cape Province. As of 1908, 22,784 out of 152,221 electors in the Cape Colony were "Native or Coloured". Eligibility to serve in Parliament and the Provincial Council, however, was restricted to whites from 1910 onward.
The first challenge to the Cape Qualified Franchise came with the Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930 and the Franchise Laws Amendment Act, 1931, which extended the vote to women and removed property qualifications for the white population only – non-white voters remained subject to the earlier restrictions. In 1936, the Representation of Natives Act removed all black voters from the common electoral roll and introduced three "Native Representative Members", white MPs elected by the black voters of the province and meant to represent their interests in particular. A similar provision was made for Coloured voters with the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951, and although this law was challenged by the courts, it went into effect in time for the 1958 general election, which was thus held with all-white voter rolls for the first time in South African history. The all-white franchise would continue until the end of apartheid and the introduction of universal suffrage in 1994.

## History

Groote Schuur was created in 1974 out of parts of Rondebosch and the abolished Salt River constituency. Like much of Cape Town's southern suburbs, its electorate was largely English-speaking, affluent and liberal. Its first MP was De Villiers Graaff, leader of the opposition United Party, who had formerly represented Rondebosch – upon his retirement in 1977, the seat was won by the Progressive Federal Party, the more liberal of the UP's two successor parties. It would be held by the PFP, and its successor the Democratic Party, until its abolition in 1994.

## Members

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1974 | De Villiers Graaff | United |
| 1977 | B. R. Bamford | PFP |
| 1981 | B. R. Bamford | PFP |
| 1987 | D. P. de K. van Gend | PFP |
| 1989 | Dene Smuts | Democratic |
| 1994 | constituency abolished | constituency abolished |
# David Rutigliano

David Rutigliano (born July 14, 1965) is an American politician who has served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 123rd district since 2013.
# Khalid Hasan (cricketer)

Khalid Hasan (14 July 1937 – 3 December 2013) was a Pakistani cricketer who represented the national side in a single Test match in 1954. Only 16 years and 352 days old on debut, he was the youngest Test player at the time, and remains the youngest player to play only a single Test match. As the match was dominated by England, he only got to bowl in one innings, however he did achieve the feat of bowling Denis Compton - albeit after the latter had scored a double century. Khalid, a right-arm leg spinner, played 17 first-class matches in total, 14 of which came on Pakistan's 1954 tour of the British Isles.
# A Grape Dope

John Herndon is an American musician and artist. Based in Chicago, he plays drums and percussion, and works as a producer for instrumental hip hop under the name A Grape Dope.

## Career

John Herndon is a member of the bands Tortoise and Isotope 217, playing mainly drums but some other percussion (vibraphone, etc.) and occasional keyboards. He produced Deep Puddle Dynamics' song entitled "More from June" in 2002. He released the Missing Dragons EP under the alias A Grape Dope on Galaxia in 2003. It features a guest appearance from rapper Doseone.

## Personal life

He is the father of dance pop musician 2hollis.

## Discography
### Albums

* Backyard Bangers (2020)

### EPs

* Immediate Action (2000)
* Missing Dragons (2003)

### Productions

* Deep Puddle Dynamics - "More from June" from We Ain't Fessin' (Double Quotes) (2002)

### Contributions

* Themselves - "You Devil You" and "Hat in the Wind" from The No Music (2002)
* Doseone - "By Horoscope Light I&II" from Ha (2005)

### Remixes

* Tommy Guerrero - "Birds Over Head (John Herndon Remix)" from Junk Collector (2001)
* Trans Am - "Cold War" from Extremixxx (2002)
* Themselves - "Dr. Moonorgun Please" from The No Music of AIFFS (2003)
* Via Tania - "On Sawyer" from Boltanski (2004)
* Via Tania - "Felt Cave" from True (2005)
# Church of St. Michael and St. Anthony

The Church of St. Michael and St. Anthony is a Roman Catholic church located in Mile End, Montreal. It was originally built as the Church of St. Michael and frequented by Irish Catholics. The growth of the Polish community in the area caused in 1964 for a Polish mission to be inaugurated in the church, whose name was expanded to "St. Michael and St. Anthony".
The church exemplifies cultural hybridity by being a Byzantine-styled church, built for Irish Catholics, in a multicultural neighbourhood, and being home today to mostly Poles and Italians. The church has also been noted for its Byzantine Revival architecture, complete with a dome and minaret-styled tower, and so is "one of the more unique examples of church architecture in Montréal."

## History

Construction on the Church of St. Michael the Archangel began in 1914 for what would grow to become the largest anglophone parish in Montreal. After a brief delay following the commencement of World War I, the church was completed in 1915 at a cost of $232,000 (equivalent to $5,974,951 in 2023), with a capacity of 1,400 people.
Though Mile End was home to a large Irish population when the church was built, the English-speaking Catholic population living nearby declined rapidly thereafter. Consequently, the Polish Franciscan mission was housed in the church in the 1960s. The Polish community grew such that the Polish and Irish communities of the church "merged into one," and to reflect that change, St. Anthony was appended to the parish name in 1969 from the "Conventual Franciscans' devotion to St. Anthony of Padua." Today, the church is "recognised as the focal point for the Polish Catholics of Montreal."

## Architecture

The church was built in the Neo-Byzantine style of architecture, accompanied by a large turquoise dome and minaret-style tower. It was designed by architect Aristide Beaugrand-Champagne (1876–1950), who was inspired by the Hagia Sophia (originally an Eastern Orthodox basilica) in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople). The church also features elements of Gothic and Roman architecture, as well as lombard bands and window tracery reminiscent of Middle Ages castles.
The church's dome features one of the first uses of reinforced concrete in Quebec.
The interior roof of the dome features a neo-Renaissance-style fresco of St. Michael watching the fall of the angels, painted by the Italian-Canadian artist Guido Nincheri, who painted other churches in Montreal.
# Simona Krstanovska

Simona Krstanovska (born 10 August 1997) is a Macedonian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Montenegrin 1. ŽFL club ŽFK Breznica and the North Macedonia women's national team.

## International goals

Scores and results list Macedonia's goal tally first
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 15 September 2016 | FC Minsk Stadium, Minsk, Belarus | Belarus | 2–5 | 2–6 | UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying Group 1 |
# Sheep Mountain (Flathead County, Montana)

Sheep Mountain (8,537 feet (2,602 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana.
# Grahame Chevalier

Grahame Anton Chevalier (9 March 1937 – 14 November 2017) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1970.
Chevalier was a slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler and a right-handed tail-end batsman. His single Test was the first match of the series against Australia in 1969–70 when he took five wickets in a comprehensive South African victory. But he was dropped for the rest of the series and with South Africa's banishment from international cricket because of apartheid after this series, he did not play Test cricket again. He was selected to tour England in 1970 and Australia in 1971–72, but both tours were cancelled.
He played for Western Province from 1966–67 to 1973–74. His best first-class figures were 7 for 57 against Transvaal in 1970–71. At the end of the same season, playing for Rest of South Africa against Transvaal in a trial match to determine the team to tour Australia the following season, he took 7 for 108 and 3 for 66. A genuine number 11 batsman, in all first-class matches he reached double figures only once.
# Regimental Diploma List

The Regimental Diploma "List" was a certificate of service issued to veterans of the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry, known as the "List Regiment (16th RIR)" for service during World War I. The certificates were endorsed and signed by Oberst Julius von List and were mostly issued to regimental members between the years 1918 and 1920. The most famous recipient of a List regimental diploma is Adolf Hitler who had served under the commander of List, through his company officer Hugo Gutmann.
# Hasedera Station

Hasedera Station (長谷寺駅, Hasedera-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.

## Line

Hasedera Station is served by the Osaka Line and is 45.6 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Ōsaka Uehommachi.

## Layout

The station is an above-ground station has two opposing side platforms with two tracks. The effective length of the platform is six cars. As it is on a slope, the station building on the north side of the outbound tracks is about one floor lower than the platforms, and each platform is connected by stairs. There is only one ticket gate. As it is located higher than the surrounding area, it also looks like an elevated station built on an embankment. There are also sidings and the remains of an unused platform on the north side of the outbound tracks..The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Osaka Line | for Nabari, Ise-Nakagawa, Kashikojima and Nagoya |
| 2 | ■ Osaka Line | for Yamato-Yagi, Osaka Uehonmachi and Osaka Namba |

## History

Hasedera Station opened on 27 October 1929 on the Sangu Express Railway. On 15 March 1941, the line merged with the Osaka Electric Tramway Sakurai Lineand became the Kansai Express Railway's Osaka Line. This line was merged with the Nankai Electric Railway on 1 June 1944 to form Kintetsu.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 585 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Hase-dera
* Sakurai Municipal Hatsuse Elementary School
* Sakurai Municipal Sakurai Higashi Junior High School
# Norwegian Defence Research Establishment

The Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt – FFI) is a research institute that conducts research and development on behalf of the Norwegian Armed Forces and provides expert advice to political and military defence leaders. In particular, its task is to keep track of advances in the fields of science and military technology which might affect the assumptions on which Norwegian security policy and/or defence planning is based.

## History

The institute was established in 1946. Its roots lie in Norwegian participation in British scientific research during the Second World War (see Allied technological cooperation during World War II). Many Norwegian scientists and technologists took part during the period when Germany occupied Norway between 1940 and 1945.
FFI has 714 employees, of which approximately 360 are scientists and engineers. The main location of the institute is at Kjeller near Lillestrøm, 20 km east of the country's capital Oslo. The Kjeller area is a hub of research activity in south eastern Norway, with a total of some 2,400 people working at a variety of research establishments, colleges and university departments.
Part of the institute's Maritime Systems Division is situated in the coastal city of Horten, southwest of Oslo on the western side of the Oslofjord. Horten is known as the country's MEMS capital, and is also a centre of electronics and naval research and industry.
In way of concrete technology products, FFI is known for, among other things:
* The development of a range of computers in the early 1960s which eventually led to the creation of Norsk Data as well as Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk (KV)'s Computer Division: LYDIA (1962); SAM; SAM2.
* Beginning in 1973, NDRE was an early researcher of TCP/IP in Europe, based on a connection to SATNET through NORSAR, along with Peter Kirstein's group at University College London and RSRE in Britain.
* The development, with KV's Division of Guided Weapons, of the Penguin anti-ship missile
* The development of the Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX), an instrument aboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover that is a ground-penetrating radar designed to provide centimeter-scale resolution of the geologic structure of the planet subsurface.

## Researchers

* Brynjar Lia
* Torleiv Maseng
* Thomas Hegghammer
* Svein-Erik Hamran

## Former researchers

* Fredrik Møller
* John Kristen Skogan
* Pål Spilling
* Ernst Sejersted Selmer
# WMTQ

WMTQ is a Catholic radio station broadcasting from Elmira, New York. WMTQ is located at 88.1 on the FM dial. Part of The Station of the Cross, WMTQ is owned and operated by Holy Family Communications which also owns and operates several other stations. The call letters represent Mary the Queen, to whom this station is dedicated. The Station of the Cross relies on the EWTN for the bulk of its programming.

## History

WHOM had the WMTQ callsign from 1973 until it became WHOM in 1976.
"On October 29, 2010, the Dominican Monastery of Mary the Queen filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission to obtain permission to assign to Holy Family Communications its Permit to Construct a Noncommercial Educational Radio Station, WMTQ, to serve Elmira, NY and surrounding areas. The application proposes a Class A FM station operating at 372 meters height above average terrain with 90 watts effective radiated power from 42-6-21.7 N and 76-52-17.1 W."