OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gaorong Ventures

Gaorong Ventures (Gaorong; Chinese: 高榕创投; pinyin: Gāoróng Chuàngtóu) is a Beijing-based venture capital firm founded in 2014. The firm focuses on investments related to Technology, Media and Telecommunications (TMT).

## Background

In January 2014, three former IDG Capital employees founded Banyan Capital. They focused on TMT investments during their time at IDG and wanted to set up a sub-fund within IDG but were opposed by the firm. Despite leaving IDG, the team left on good terms and IDG would be investors in the firm's funds later on. The firm's name was taken from the fact that a banyan tree is that it can form a forest with a single tree. This represented the relationship between the firm and the companies it invests in.
The team encountered difficulties at the start where they needed to work in the lobbies of hotels to meet multiple investors since at the time, the firm did not have an office.
The team had chosen to raise money in the fourth quarter of 2013 which was before larger financial institutions had started. When 2014 arrived, the firm was able to quickly raise capital. The firm's first fund that had an initial target of US$150 million was oversubscribed after only two-month with over 40 investors attracted and raised a total of US$206 million. The firm became known for its fast growth during a short period. It was the first one in China to look for entrepreneurs to become investors in its funds as they offered not just financial support but industry experience and resources. When selecting companies to invest in, it would select ones that were able to compliment each other so it became more of building an ecosystem.
In 2018, the firm changed its name to Gaorong Capital to achieve more consistent brand recognition with Chinese entrepreneurs.
The main investors of Gaorong include entrepreneurs, family offices, fund-of-funds, foundations and other institutional investors such as Tencent, Alibaba and Xiaomi.
Notable companies that Gaorong has invested in include Xiaomi, Meituan and Pinduoduo.
# 445

Year 445 (CDXLV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valentinianus and Nomus (or, less frequently, year 1198 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 445 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Emperor Valentinian III issues an imperial edict against Manichaeism. Heavy penalties are decreed against those who do not denounce the religion, and retain Manichaean books.
* Petronius Maximus, prominent aristocrat, is given the title of Patrician. He becomes the most honored of all non-imperial Romans, and political rival of Flavius Aetius.
* Bleda, co-ruler of the Huns, dies in a hunting accident. He is possibly murdered at the instigation of his younger brother Attila, with whom he has ruled since 434. Now about 39, Attila takes the throne for himself, and becomes king of the Hunnic Empire.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Domnus II, Patriarch of Antioch, summons a synod of Syrian bishops to confirm the deposition of Athanasius of Perrha.
* Ireland: The Diocese of Armagh is created.

## Deaths

* Arsenius the Great, Desert Father
* King Bleda of the Huns (approximate date)
* Fan Ye, Chinese historian (b. 398)
* Nath Í mac Fiachrach, High King of Ireland
# AD 123

Year 123 (CXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paetinus and Apronius (or, less frequently, year 876 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 123 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Hadrian averts a war with Parthia by a personal meeting with Osroes I (according to the Historia Augusta, disputed).
* Housesteads Fort is constructed on Hadrian's Wall north of Bardon Mill.
* Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli is built.
* The Temple of Al-Lat in Palmyra is dedicated somewhere between this year and 164 AD.

#### Asia

* In China, Ban Yong, son of Ban Chao, reestablishes the Chinese control over the Tarim Basin.
* The Chinese government establishes Aide of the Western Regions over the Tarim Basin.

#### Africa

* Hadrian leads a punitive campaign against Berbers who had been raiding Roman towns in Roman Mauretania.

### By topic
#### Arts and sciences

* Chinese scientist Zhang Heng corrects the calendar to bring it into line with the four seasons.

## Births

* Annia Cornificia Faustina, sister of Marcus Aurelius (d. 158)
# AD 141

Year 141 (CXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Stloga (or, less frequently, year 894 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 141 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is constructed in Rome; the temple is dedicated to Empress Faustina the Elder.

#### Asia

* Last (6th) year of Yonghe era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
* The 141 Lycia earthquake affects most of the Roman provinces of Lycia and Caria and the islands of Rhodes, Kos, Simi and Serifos. It triggers a severe tsunami, which causes major inundation.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Felix of Byzantium to Polycarpus II of Byzantium.

#### Arts and Science

* 6th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.

## Births

* Cheng Yu, Chinese politician and court advisor (d. 220)
* Ummidia Cornificia Faustina, Roman noblewoman (d. 182)

## Deaths

* Faustina the Elder, Roman empress (b. c. AD 100)
* Philo of Byblos, Phoenician historical writer (b. AD 64)
# 671

Year 671 (DCLXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 671 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

* December 7 – An annular solar eclipse is visible from Tibet to the Maghreb.

### By place
#### Europe

* Perctarit returns to Lombardy from exile and reclaims his realm, which is being ruled on behalf of Garibald, since his father King Grimoald I died. He deposes the young king, and becomes the new ruler of the Lombard Kingdom in Italy. During his reign Perctarit makes Catholicism the official religion, but does not recognize papal authority. Grimoald is buried in the St. Ambrogio Church (Milan).

#### Britain

* Battle of Two Rivers: King Ecgfrith of Northumbria defeats the Picts under King Drest VI, in the vicinity of Moncreiffe Island, near Perth (Scotland). After the battle the Picts are reduced to slavery, and subject to the yoke of captivity for the next 14 years.

#### Asia

* Yijing, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels by boat from Guangzhou, and visits the capital of the partly Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Palembang (Indonesia). He stays for 6 months to study Sanskrit grammar and the Malay language.
* June 10 – Emperor Tenji introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu in Japan.
* Silla seizes control of the former Baekje capital of Sabi from the Tang Protectorate General to Pacify the East.

## Births

* Sigebert IV, Frankish prince (approximate date)

## Deaths

* Grimoald I, king of the Lombards
# AD 132

Year 132 (CXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Serius and Sergianus (or, less frequently, year 885 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 132 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* The Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens) is completed, using Cossutius' design.
* Bar Kokhba revolt: The messianic, charismatic Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba starts a war of liberation for Judea against the Romans, which is eventually crushed (in 135) by Emperor Hadrian; Rabbi Akiva is supportive of the rebellion.
* Legio X Fretensis must evacuate Jerusalem, returning to Caesarea. The Jews enter the city, and re-establish their system of sacrifices. They strike coins to celebrate their independence, which will last for only 30 months. Legio XXII Deiotariana, which advanced from Egypt, is completely destroyed.
* Merchants in Britain build structures outside the forts of Hadrian's Wall, and offer goods and services (including brothels) to Roman soldiers, who receive salaries in a region that otherwise has virtually no ready money.
* Construction begins on the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome (known today as Castel Sant'Angelo).

#### Asia

* Change of era name from Yongjian (7th year) to Yangjia of the Chinese Han dynasty.

### By topic
#### Art and Science

* Chinese scientist Zhang Heng invents the first seismometer for determining the exact cardinal direction of earthquakes hundreds of miles away; the device employs a series of complex gears around a central swinging pendulum.

## Births

* Cai Yong, Chinese calligrapher and musician (d. 192)
* Han Huandi, emperor of the Han dynasty (d. 168)
* Tao Qian, Chinese official and warlord (d. 194)

## Deaths

* Juvenal of Benevento, Roman Christian and saint
* Sun Cheng, Chinese eunuch and politician
# 437

Year 437 (CDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aetius and Sigisvultus (or, less frequently, year 1190 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 437 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), secures the besieged city of Narbonne (Southern Gaul) against King Theodoric I. He concludes a peace treaty with the Visigoths, and becomes consul for the second time.
* July 2 – Valentinian III, age 18, rules as emperor over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence until her death in 450.
* October 29 – Valentinian III cements an alliance with the eastern emperor, Theodosius II, by marrying his daughter Licinia Eudoxia in Constantinople. This marks the reunion of the two branches of the House of Theodosius.
* Battle of Wallop: Ambrosius Aurelianus, leader of the Romano-British, defeats the Anglo Saxons under King Vortigern. He is given all the kingdoms of the western side of Britain (according to Historia Brittonum).

#### Mesoamerica

* K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo' dies after an 11-year reign. He is the founder and first ruler of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization centered at Copán (modern Honduras).

### By topic
#### Religion

* A synod at Constantinople attempts to impinge on the Pope's rights in Illyria. Proclus tries to implement the synod's decisions, and Pope Sixtus III reminds the Illyrian bishops of their obligations to his vicar at Thessaloniki.

## Births

* Childeric I, king of the Salian Franks (approximate date)
* Remigius, bishop of Reims (approximate date)

## Deaths

* Li Jingshou, princess of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang
# Magnus Björnstjerna

Count Magnus Fredrik Ferdinand Björnstjerna, (10 October 1779 – 6 October 1847), was a Swedish count and military general, son of the envoy to Sachsen Magnus Olof Björnstjerna and his wife, countess Vilhelmina von Hagen. He was the grandson of archbishop Magnus Beronius.

## Biography

At the age of 14, Björnstjerna was sent to Sweden, and attained the same year the rank of ensign (Swedish: fänrik) upon enrolling in The King's Guard. During the Finnish War he was the head adjutant at the Finnish Army's general staff, and participated in the major military campaigns during the war. The same year he was appointed major in the Västmanland Regiment. He was one of the most prominent participants in the Swedish revolution of 1809; when it ended he was sent on a secret mission to Napoleon I.
In 1812 he was appointed colonel of Kalmar Regiment, and participated in the war in Germany, notably the attack on Dessau, the Battle of Fredrikort and other parts of the military campaigns. In 1814 he became major general and participated in warfare on the opposite side of the Rhine. In the same year he became the head of Field marshal Curt von Stedingk's staff, and was appointed to adjutant general of foreign affairs at the army in Norway, where he led the negotiations that led to the Convention of Moss of 1814.
In 1815 he was appointed adjutant general for the Swedish Army and in 1820 to lieutenant general. Björnstjerna was from 1828 to 1846 the Swedish Minister Resident in London. In 1815 he was created Baron (Swedish: friherre) stånd, count in 1826, he was appointed the Royal Order of the Seraphim in 1838 and in 1841 the Lord of the Realm. In 1843 he was appointed marshal.
# AD 127

Year 127 (CXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufus and Squilla (or, less frequently, year 880 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 127 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Hadrian returns to Rome, after a seven-year voyage to the Roman provinces.
* Hadrian, acting on the advice of his proconsul of Asia, Gaius Minicius Fundanus, determines that Christians shall not be put to death without a trial.

#### India

* Kanishka I starts to rule in the Kushan Empire (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Religion

* The philosopher Carpocrates rejects ownership of private property as being un-Christian.

## Births

* Zheng Xuan, Chinese politician, philosopher (d. 200)

## Deaths

* Juvenal, Roman poet (approximate year)
* Plutarch, Greek historian and biographer (b. AD 46)
* Publius Metilius Nepos, Roman politician (b. AD 45)
# 38 BC

Year 38 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pulcher and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 716 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 38 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. It was also the first year (year 1) of the Spanish era calendar in use in Hispania until the 15th century.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Republic

* January 1 – Beginning of the Hispanic era, by orders of Octavian Caesar.
* January 17 – Octavian marries Livia while she is still pregnant from a recently broken marriage. Octavian gains permission from the College of Pontiffs to wed her while she is still pregnant from another husband. Three months after the wedding she gives birth to a second son, Nero Claudius Drusus, while he and his elder brother, the four-year-old Tiberius, are living in Octavian's household.
* Octavian appoints Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa governor of Transalpine Gaul, where he puts down an uprising of the Aquitanians. He also fights successfully against the Germanic tribes, and becomes the next Roman general to cross the Rhine after Julius Caesar.
* Parthian invasion into Roman Syria; Publius Ventidius Bassus defeats Pacorus, at the crossing of the Euphrates in the Battle of Cyrrhestica. Ventidius lays siege to Antiochus I of Commagene in Samosata until relieved by Antony.

## Births

* January 14 – Nero Claudius Drusus, Roman politician and military commander, future stepson of Augustus Caesar (d. 9 BC)
* Lucius Volusius Saturninus, Roman suffect consul (or 37 BC)

## Deaths

* Antiochus I, king of Commagene (b. c. 86 BC)
* Pacorus I, crown prince of Parthia (b. c. 63 BC)
# AD 92

AD 92 (XCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Saturninus (or, less frequently, year 845 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 92 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Domitian becomes a Roman Consul.
* In spring, several tribes (probably Marcomanni, Quadi, Jazyges) cross the Danube and attack Pannonia, probably destroying Legio XXI Rapax. These tribes are defeated from May to December 92, and chased back over the river. The Romans do not pursue the retreating tribes.
* The Roman army moves into Mesopotamia (modern Syria).
* The Flavian Palace is completed on the Palatine.

## Births

* Pope Anicetus

## Deaths

* April 9 – Yuan An, Chinese administrator, scholar and statesman
* Antipas of Pergamum, Roman bishop, martyr
* Ban Gu, Chinese historian, poet and writer (b. AD 32)
* Dou Xian, Chinese general and statesman of the Eastern Han dynasty
* Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes, prince of Commagene (b. AD 38)
# 463

Year 463 (CDLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Basilius and Vivianus (or, less frequently, year 1216 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 463 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Childeric I, king of the Salian Franks, allies with the Roman general Aegidius. During a battle near Orléans, the Visigoths under King Theodoric II are defeated by the Franks while crossing the Loire River.
* The Suebi live under a diarchy, and fight a civil war over the kingship in Galicia (Northern Spain).

#### Asia

* The Kibi Clan Rebellion against the Yamato state (Japan) in the Korean Peninsula begins.

## Births

* Houfei Di, emperor of the Liu Song dynasty (d. 477)

## Deaths

* Frumar, Suevic king of Galicia (approximate date)
* Richimund, Suevic king of Galicia (approximate date)
* Romanus of Condat, hermit and saint (approximate date)
# Magnus Fredrik Brahe

Magnus Fredrik Brahe (15 October 1756 – 12 December 1826) was a Swedish noble and courtier.

## Biography

Magnus Fredrik Brahe was born on 15 October 1756 to Count Erik Brahe and his second wife Countess Stina Piper, three months after his father's death. Like his father, he supported absolute monarchical power. During the baptism of Crown Prince Gustav Adolph on 10 November 1778, Brahe was appointed godparent by King Gustav III of Sweden for which he received the Gustav III's Godparent Insignia on 27 December 1778 at the service. It was Brahe who carried Gustav Adolph at the baptismal font. He was also honoured the Lord of the Realm and Knight of the Seraphim titles.
His military career started by joining the Royal Drabant Corps and he quickly rose through the ranks to captain lieutenant. In 1787 however, Brahe requested resignation from military duty and joined the circle of nobles who opposed the King's vigorous plans of total power. He attended the Riksdag of 1789 and was arrested on 20 February 1789 by order of Gustav III for opposing the proposed Act of Union and Security. He was punished by home confinement but was released later that same year. While not being involved in the assassination of Gustav III, Brahe was briefly imprisoned following the murder.
At the end of his life, Brahe retired to the family residence Rydboholm Castle and initiated the construction of a grand English landscape garden. He married twice, first in 1779 with Baroness Ulrica Catharina Koskull, daughter of Baron Anders Gustav Koskull, and second in 1806 with Baroness Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, daughter of Baron Otto Anders Koskull. In 1785 and 1811, he was initiated to the Swedish Order of Freemasons and became one of the first recipients of the Order of Charles XIII respectively. Along with his first wife, Brahe was accepted to the secret Yellow Rose society in January 1803 by Duke Charles, together with Count Eric Ruuth and his wife Charlotte Wahrendorff. Society members include Duke Charles himself, his wife Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte and her mother Princess Amalie.

## Honours
### National

* Sweden: Knight and Commander of the Orders of His Majesty the King (1794)
* Sweden: Knight of the Order of Charles XIII (1811)

### Institutional

* Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture (1806)
* Honorary Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts (1806)
* Honorary Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture (1812)
* Member of the Society for Publication of Manuscripts on Scandinavian History (1815)

## Gallery

* Portrait of Brahe as a child.
* Portrait of Brahe in cuirass and the Uniform m/1756 of the Southern Scanian Cavalry Regiment by Gustaf Lundberg. Wears the bandage of the Coup of Gustav III on the left.
* The comital coat of arms of the Swedish branch of the Brahe family.
* Portrait of Ulrica Catharina Koskull, his first wife, by Carl Frederik von Breda.
* Portrait of Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, his second wife, by Carl Wilhelm Nordgren.
# AD 59

AD 59 (LIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Capito (or, less frequently, year 812 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 59 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* March 23 – Emperor Nero orders the murder of his mother Agrippina the Younger. He tries to kill her through a planned shipwreck, but when she survives, he has her executed and frames it as a suicide.
* Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, Roman commander in the east, captures Tigranocerta in Mesopotamia. He installs Tigranes VI, a Cappadocian prince, as ruler of Armenia. For the next four years, a cohort from Legio VI Ferrata and Legio X Fretensis is stationed in the capital as bodyguard to the king, supported by fifteen hundred auxiliaries.
* Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus retires from the Roman Senate. He openly shows his disgust at the behaviour of Nero regarding the murder of Agrippina.
* Rioting breaks out between the people of Pompeii and the people of Nuceria during a gladiator fight in Pompeii. Thousands are killed.

### By topic
#### Arts and sciences

* In the Satyricon, Petronius pokes fun at Roman immorality.
* An eclipse on 30 April over North Africa is recorded by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History.

#### Religion

* Paul the Apostle pleads his case and testifies to his Christianity before King Agrippa II of the Herodians, who responds "You almost persuade me to be a Christian."

## Deaths

* March 23 – Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero (b. AD 15)
* Domitia Lepida the Elder, granddaughter of Mark Antony
* Gnaeus Domitius Afer, Roman politician and orator
* Servilius Nonianus, Roman consul and historian