OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nikolai Nikitin

Nikolai Vasilyevich Nikitin (Russian: Николай Васильевич Никитин; 15 December 1907 – 3 March 1973) was a Soviet architect, structural designer and construction engineer, best known for his monumental structures.

## Biography
### Early life

Nikolai was born in Tobolsk, Russian Empire to the family of a typographical engineer who later worked as a judicial clerk. His father was Vasily Nikitin (1893-1956), who specialized in welding and other elements of electrical engineering. When Nikolai was 17, a snakebite left him with a permanent foot injury.

### Career

In 1930, Nikolai graduated from the Tomsk Technological Institute with training in construction.
In 1932, he designed the train station of Novosibirsk.
By 1937, he was living and working in Moscow. He turned his attention to calculations for the foundation of the monumental Palace of the Soviets which was to be constructed at the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.
In 1957, he was appointed chief designer of Mosproekt-2 - Institute for the Planning of Housing and Civil Engineering Construction in the City of Moscow.

### Death

Nikolai died on 3 March 1973 and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery.

## Selected works

* Moscow State University's 240 m (787 ft) high main building. At the time of its construction it was the tallest building in Europe. Built from 1949 to 1953.
* Palace of Culture and Science, constructed from 1952 to 1955 also in partnership with Lev Rudnev as main architect.
* Luzhniki Stadium 1956.
* Colossal 85 meter statue on the Mamayev Kurgan heights overlooking Volgograd, The Motherland Calls, used 7900 tons of concrete and steel in a dramatic sculpture design by Yevgeny Vuchetich.
* Ostankino Tower, completed in 1967, at 540 metres (1772 ft), the highest freestanding structure in Eurasia.

## Awards and honors

* Honored Builder of the RSFSR (1970)
* Lenin Prize (1970) - for the project of the Ostankino television tower
* Stalin Prize, 3rd class (1951) - for the development of a long-span shed coating and a method for its removal
* Order of the Badge of Honour
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour
# Hua Lamphong MRT station

Hua Lamphong station (Thai: สถานีหัวลำโพง, pronounced, RTGS: Sathani Hua Lamphong) is a rapid transit station on the Blue Line of the Bangkok MRT in Thailand. It is located underground on Rama IV Road in front of Bangkok railway station, more commonly known as Hua Lamphong railway station. Which is the first station of Paknam Railway, the first railway line in Thailand, as well as the former central station.
The station provides a direct connection with Bangkok railway station via an underground pathway.
Hua Lamphong station was the terminus of the MRT Blue Line between 2004–2019.

## Station layout

| G Ground floor | - | Bus stop |
| B1 Concourse | Concourse | Exits 1–4, Ticket machines |
| B2 Platform | Platform 2 | Blue towards Tha Phra via Bang Sue (Sam Yan) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the right ||
| B2 Platform | Platform 1 | Blue towards Lak Song (Wat Mangkon) |

## Nearby attractions

* Hua Lamphong railway station
* Yaowarat Road
* Wat Traimit (Temple of Golden Buddha)
# Prosser Twin Cylinder Car Company

The Prosser Twin Cylinder Car Company was established in the late 1870s at 129 LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois, to manufacture the unique Prosser Twin Cylinder Freight Car. While the concept worked well, the railroad industry would in turn reject the concept and the company went out of business on February 26, 1884.

## Twin Cylinder Freight Car

The Prosser Twin Cylinder freight car was intended to revolutionize the transport of grain by carrying it in two enormous iron cylinders about 8½ feet long and 6½ feet in diameter, each revolving on an axle running through its center, at the ends of which were the journal boxes. Effectively, the car would possess no superstructure, and instead the cargo would be carried inside the car's axles themselves. Steel tires, flanged and fitted to the gauge of track, were put around the cylinders, which served as the wheels of the car. The Westinghouse Air Brake Company developed a system of air brakes specifically for this type of freight car.
The prototype car underwent trials on the CB&Q Railroad, making six round trips of 200 miles each, carrying the grain magnificently and supposedly turning it out at the end of each trip one grade better than when it was first loaded. Railroad personnel were satisfied with it, since there was said to be no trouble in passing curves, frogs and switches. In addition, the car required less lubrication than conventional cars, and experienced significantly less rolling resistance due to a lower dead weight and a lower center of gravity. Due to the extremely large wheel diameter, track wear was reduced. Due to its all-iron construction, the car was even supposedly fireproof. Despite all these advantages, the Prosser Twin Cylinder design was eventually deemed too radical, and was never replicated.
# Solar purpura

Solar purpura (also known as "Actinic purpura," and "Senile purpura") is a skin condition characterized by large, sharply outlined, 1- to 5-cm, dark purplish-red ecchymoses appearing on the dorsa of the forearms and less often the hands.
The condition is most common in elderly people of European descent. It is caused by sun-induced damage to the connective tissue of the skin.
No treatment is necessary. The lesions typically fade over a period of up to three weeks.

## Pathophysiology

Solar purpura is believed to be caused by skin damage due to chronic sun exposure which leads dermal atrophy. As a result of the dermal atrophy, the dermal connective tissue cannot support the microvasculature and the result is extravasation of blood into the dermis. This results in visible purple spots on the skin.

## Epidemiology

Solar purpura is most commonly seen in the elderly and those with lighter skin who are exposed to the sun. The prevalence increases with age and sun exposure.

## Histology

Skin samples under microscope show thinned epidermis, reduced collagen, and extravasation of red blood cells. There are typically no inflammatory cells seen on solar purpura samples, but not always.

## Treatment

Solar purpura does not require treatment and may resolve on its own within weeks or months. The lesions may also be permanent. Many people seek treatment for cosmetic purposes. There have been several studies with possible future treatments. A common treatment involves Retinoic acid and other vitamin A derivates in an attempt to increase dermal thickness and prevent extravasation of red blood cells. The most common treatment is to avoid UV exposure, apply sunscreen, and wear long sleeve clothing.

## Complications

Solar purpura by itself does not cause any health complications. However, solar purpura does indicate thin skin and that a person is more prone to skin injuries. It is advised to take caution on preventing trauma to the skin since it is more prone to tear.
# Jimmy Windridge

James Edwin Windridge (21 October 1882 – 23 September 1939) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward. He made more than 250 appearances in the Football League for Small Heath/Birmingham, Chelsea and Middlesbrough, and played eight times for England.

## Football career

Born in Small Heath, Birmingham, Windridge began his senior football career with his local club, Small Heath (now known as Birmingham City), making his debut in 1903. In his first season the club were promoted to the First Division. He became one of the first players to join the newly formed Chelsea Football Club in 1905, arriving for the sum of £190 and with fellow Small Heath players, Jimmy Robertson and Bob McRoberts. His impact was immediate, scoring a hat-trick for the club on his home debut against Hull City in the first competitive football match ever played at Stamford Bridge.
Windridge scored 16 goals that season as Chelsea finished a respectable third in the Second Division, and hit 18 in the next, helping the club earn promotion to the First Division. Thereafter he was overshadowed by more high-profile forwards at the club, such as George Hilsdon and Vivian Woodward, and moved on to Middlesbrough in 1911. Returning to Birmingham in 1914, he equalled a club record by scoring five goals in a league match against Glossop in 1915.
He was also an England international, making his debut in 1908 against Ireland. He scored in six consecutive matches for his country, equalling a record set by Tinsley Lindley and never subsequently surpassed. The sequence included all four matches during England's first overseas tour, and Windridge ended his international career with an impressive seven goals from eight games.

## Outside football

Windridge also played cricket for Warwickshire, appearing in seven first-class matches from 1909 to 1913. He was the cousin of fellow England international Alex Leake.
He died in Small Heath at the age of 56.
# James H. Hughes

(January 14, 1867 – August 29, 1953) James H. Hughes was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as U.S. Senator from Delaware.

## Early life and family

Hughes was born in Kent County, Delaware, near Felton, the son of Rebecca (Hurd) and Ebenezer Hughes. He attended the Collegiate Institute in Dover, taught school for a few years, studied law, and was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1890. Along with his law practice, he was engaged in agricultural pursuits and banking.

## Political career

Hughes served as the Delaware Secretary of State from 1897 until 1901. He ran for governor of Delaware in 1916 but was defeated by Republican John G. Townsend Jr., a businessman from Selbyville, Delaware. Twenty years later, in 1936, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, defeating incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Daniel O. Hastings. During this term, he served with the Democratic majority in the 75th, 76th, and 77th congresses.
Hughes lost his bid for a second term in 1942, losing the Democratic Party nomination to E. Ennalls Berl. In all, he served from January 3, 1937, until January 2, 1943, during the administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. After completing his term in the Senate, he returned to the practice of law. All the while, from 1905 until his death, he was a director of the Farmers' Bank of Delaware.

## Death and legacy

Hughes was married to Caroline Taylor. Their great-granddaughter is actress Perrey Reeves.
Hughes died at Lewes and is buried in the Lakeside Methodist Episcopal Cemetery at Dover.
His home, Wheel of Fortune, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

## Almanac

Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. U.S. Senators are popularly elected and take office January 3 for a six-year term.
Public offices :
| Office | Type | Location | Began office | Ended office | Notes |
| Secretary of State | Executive | Dover | 1897 | 1901 | Delaware |
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington | January 3, 1937 | January 3, 1943 | class 2 |
United States congressional service :
| Dates | Congress | Chamber | Majority | President | Class/District |
| 1937–1939 | 75th | U.S. Senate | Democratic | Franklin D. Roosevelt | class 2 |
| 1939–1941 | 76th | U.S. Senate | Democratic | Franklin D. Roosevelt | class 2 |
| 1941–1943 | 77th | U.S. Senate | Democratic | Franklin D. Roosevelt | class 2 |
Election results :
| Year | Office | Subject | Party | Votes | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % |
| 1916 | Governor | James H. Hughes | Democratic | 24,053 | 47% | John G. Townsend Jr. | Republican | 26,664 | 52% |
| 1936 | U.S. Senate | James H. Hughes | Democratic | 67,136 | 53% | Daniel O. Hastings | Republican | 52,469 | 41% |
# Hans Bluntschli

Hans Bluntschli (February 19, 1877 – July 13, 1962) was a Swiss anatomist.

## Education and career

Bluntschli was born on February 19, 1877 in Frankfurt. In 1881, his father, who was an architect, moved the family to Zürich. From 1887 he attended the grammar school in Winterthur. The botanist Robert Keller (1854-1939) was a teacher there and exerted a great influence on the young Bluntschli, as Bluntschli himself often emphasized in later years. Keller had studied in Jena and was a big fan of Ernst Haeckel's (1834-1919) zoological and embryological theories. He received his medical degree from Heidelberg University in 1903, and taught at multiple universities before becoming the chair of anatomy and embryology in Bern in 1933, where he succeeded Karl Wilhelm Zimmermann, and where he remained until his retirement in 1942.
His contributions were concentrated on comparative anatomy, morphology and embryology, relating his findings to theories about the process of evolution. On expedition in 1931, he recovered two juvenile specimens of birds, which were identified in 1996 as a distinct species, but were later identified through genetic analysis to be specimens of white-throated oxylabes. His expeditions included the Amazon Rain Forest from 1912 to 1913, and Madagascar from 1932 to 1933, during which he recovered the specimens now know to be white-throated oxylabes.

## Works by and on Hans Bluntschli

* Die Arteria femoralis und ihre Äste bei den niederen catarrhinen Affen : eine vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchung ..., Hans Bluntschli, Leipzig 1906.
* Die Bedeutung der Leibesübungen für die gesunde Entwickelung des Körpers : anatomische Betrachtungen in gemeinverständlicher Darstellung, Hans Bluntschli, Munich 1909.
* Der Anatom Hans Bluntschli, 1877-1962 von Fatih Cener, Zürich : Juris Druck, 1990.
* Hans Bluntschli als Morphologe, Rudolf Greif und Hans-Konrad Schmutz, Gesnerus 52 (1995) 133-157.
# James H. Anderson (politician)

James Hall Anderson (November 12, 1878 – 1936) was an American politician who served as the seventh Lieutenant Governor of Delaware, from January 20, 1925, to January 15, 1929, under Governor Robert P. Robinson.
# B. V. Rao

Banda Vasudev Rao (1935–1996) was an Indian entrepreneur and agriculturalist considered by many as the father of poultry industry in India. He founded the V H Group, an Indian conglomerate group in 1971. He was also the founder chairman of the National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC) and was a 2004 inductee of the International Poultry Hall of Fame of the World Poultry Science Association. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian award of Padma Shri in 1990. When he died, the combined fortune of his family was $325 million (₹1300 crore). His company directly employed around 5000 employees by 1996.

## Early and personal life

B. V. Rao was born in a Yadhu Vanshi family on 6 November 1935 at Chanchalguda, in Hyderabad, in the Princely Indian state of Hyderabad (presently in Telangana).

## Career

After working in many capacities such as a telephone operator, railway police staff and as a personal secretary to a state minister, Rao enrolled for a short-length course at Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar. He did this in order to see what he could make of his life as an independent farmer, so that he may not need to work at the low-level jobs in which he was stuck due to not having an education. He successfully completed a training program in dairy and poultry farming where he had the opportunity to learn under an American teacher, Moore. His first business venture was with 500 birds entrusted by Moore for tending and, soon, Rao started his own venture in a 7-acre plot, for which the funds were raised by selling his wife's jewelry. The business, started in 1970, grew over the years to the present V H Group, a US$2 billion conglomerate with interests in poultry, meat, pharmaceuticals, cattle feed, sports and has presence in India, Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Singapore, Vietnam, and Brazil. They hold a 99.9 percent stake in the EFL Championship team, Blackburn Rovers F.C., since 2010.
When the price of eggs went down in the early 1980s, Rao gathered farmers together and founded the National Egg Coordination Committee in 1982 and was its founder chairman. He was also associated with the World Poultry Science Association (WPSA) and headed its India chapter from 1993 to 1996. He was one of the key figures in the organization of the World Poultry Conference in New Delhi in 1996. He also founded a higher education institution, Dr B.V. Rao Institute of Poultry Management and Technology, which conducts higher courses in the subject. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 1990. The World Poultry Science Association inducted him into their Hall of Fame in 2004 but he died before the investiture ceremony could take place.
# Free Women, Free Men

Free Women, Free Men: Sex, Gender, Feminism is a 2017 essay collection by American academic and cultural critic Camille Paglia. Comprising previously published essays, the book's central principles, according to Paglia, are "free thought and free speech—open, mobile, and unconstrained by either liberal or conservative ideology"; she argues for an "enlightened feminism, animated by a courageous code of personal responsibility".

## Reception

Dwight Garner of The New York Times felt that, though the collection has moments where "she's a fearless public intellectual and more necessary than ever", Free Women, Free Men "[displays] her worst qualities". While praising Paglia's arguments as "incisive and worth tangling with", he found her vain and criticized the book as repetitive, opining that reading it "is like being stranded in a bar where the jukebox has only two songs, both by Pat Benatar." In Kirkus Reviews, it was stated of the essays that "to read a few is to read them all".
In The Province, Mark Abbott argued that although Paglia's views can be inflammatory, she "genuinely cares about the current state of education". Abbott also called the book "timely" and stated that it "serves as a good introductory text to Paglia 101".
The Huffington Post included the book in their list of "27 Nonfiction Books By Women Everyone Should Read This Year", stating that "at times infuriating, at times glittering, Paglia's prose is always biting and relentless."
# Tommy Miller (footballer, born 1882)

Thomas Currie Miller (29 April 1882 – 1932) was a Scottish footballer who played for Falkirk, Chelsea and Dundee Hibernian, mainly as a left back.
He was part of the Falkirk team which finished runners-up in the 1909–10 Scottish Division One, having returned to Scotland after being released by Chelsea, where he was recruited as one of the initial batch of players after the club was formed, and remained in West London for four seasons. He took part in the first Scottish Football League fixtures played by both Falkirk in 1902 and Dundee Hibernian (later Dundee United) in 1910, and the first English Football League match played by Chelsea in 1905. After World War I, aged in his late 30s, he made a comeback of sorts with St Bernard's and Bathgate.
Miller was selected once for the Scottish Football League XI in 1910.
# Rewica Szlachecka

Rewica Szlachecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Askit Powders

Askit Powders was a proprietary brand of headache cure sold primarily in the UK. The product combined aspirin, aloxiprin and caffeine.

## History

In the 19th century, it was common for apothecaries to create their own combinations of drugs to combat specific ailments. Some sources credit the Swedish physician Herman Hjorton with creating the product under the name "Hjorton's Powders" in 1903, but it is noted that the main ingredient, phenacetin, had been available since 1887.
In the Cowlairs district of Glasgow one such apothecary, named Adam Laidlaw, had a premises on Keppochhill Road. He devised a mix of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine to combat colds, headaches and many other problems: a true panacea. By 1900, he was selling an average of 450 to 500 powders per week, and had obtained a fame somewhat wider than the natural catchment area of his pharmacy. In 1917, he asked a local accountant, John McRobbie, for advice on setting up a company to start making the powder in greater quantities. By 1920, this materialised into a mechanised factory, but the product had no name other than "Mr Laidlaw's Powders".
The name is said to derive from two girls coming into the shop around 1920 and saying to the person serving in the apothecary: "if it is the lady chemist I'll ask it: if it is the man chemist you ask it". This name quickly allows the logo "Ask for Askit". Mrs Laidlaw heard the words and related her idea to her husband. It was registered the next day, and added as the name of their purpose-built factory on Saracen Street in the Possilpark district. The original production was 20,000 powders per year.
It became a limited company, Askit Ltd., on 13 April 1925.
An expansion of the factory in the 1930s was opened by Lord Provost Alexander Swan. It employed around 40 people. In 1940 they started a campaign to begin sales abroad, beginning with ex-Scots living in Canada. By 1945 production stood at 20 million per year. By the 1960s the powders were available across most of the British Commonwealth. Marketing also included making the powders available from ice cream vans from the 1960s onwards.
In 1966, phenacetin was substituted with aloxiprin due to several cases linking it to kidney failure. It was also acknowledged that the product was somewhat addictive, echoed in their logo "Askit fights the miseries". Heavily addicted individuals in the pre-66 formula risked kidney failure.
In 1971, they began a simple and effective TV advertising campaign: Askit Fights the Miseries, featuring characters such as the sore back, and morning after. These cartoons were drawn by Roger Hargreaves who later gained fame in the creation of the Mr Men. This advertising campaign was one of the longest-running and most successful in British advertising history: running the same format until 1994. In 1997, a new campaign began featuring a man with a bulbous nose simply known as the "Wee Man" (a very Glaswegian character).
The factory left Saracen Street and moved to Cumbernauld. The old premises is occupied by a printing firm, Gavin Watson. In 2005, the product name was bought by Bayer PLC from the then owner Roche, and it ceased production in 2012.