OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old Flat State Forest

Old Flat State Forest is a 320-acre (130 ha) state forest in Grayson County, Virginia, near the town of Whitetop. The forest is used for research, education, and as a seed orchard.

## Landscape and topography

The majority of the forest lies above 4,000 feet (1,200 m) and reaches just over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) at its highest point. It has the highest elevation among Virginia's state forests and at the highest point constitutes a boreal forest-type environment with red spruce being in abundance, making it unique among Virginia's state forests. Descending in elevation, stands of spruce, yellow birch, and sugar maple are plentiful. At lower elevations, maple, northern red oak, birch, and yellow buckeye predominate the landscape.

## History

The land that comprises the state forest was acquired in a land swap between the Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF) and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Previously, the land was part of Grayson Highlands State Park. In exchange for the Old Flat parcel, the Virginia DOF traded land to the DCR for what is now Holliday Lake State Park.
VDOF acquired the parcel to create a seed orchard for Fraser fir trees, which are native to the highest elevations of the forest but had been declining in recent years. In addition to protecting the species, the orchard provides seeds to area Christmas tree producers.

## Facilities and access

The forest is open daily from dawn to dusk. There are no facilities on the property and the only access is by hiking in from adjoining Grayson Highlands State Park or through the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Activities are limited to hiking, wildlife watching, and photography. Visitors are asked to follow "Leave No Trace" principles.
# Lutjanus lemniscatus

Lutjanus lemniscatus, the yellowstreaked snapper, darktail snapper, darktail seaperch or maroon sea-perch is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the western Pacific and Indian Oceans.

## Taxonomy

Lutjanus lemniscatus was first formally described in 1828 as Serranus lemniscatus by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with the type locality given as Sri Lanka. The specific name lemniscatus means decorated with ribbons, a reference to the horizontal bandied pattern of juveniles.

## Description

Lutjanus lemniscatus has a moderately deep body which has a standard length which is 2.5 to 2.8 times its depth at its deepest point. The forehead is steeply sloped and the snout has a slightly concave profile. The knob and notch on the preoperculum are weakly developed. The vomerine teeth are arranged in a crescent shape with no rearwards extension and the tongue has a patch of granular teeth. The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 13–14 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The rear of the dorsal fin and the anal fin are rounded, the pectoral fins have 16 rays and the caudal fin is truncate or weakly emarginate. This fish attains a maximum total length of 60 cm (24 in), although 35 cm (14 in) is more typical. The typical overall colour may be greyish or pinkish-brown or olive-green or silvery with sooty brown to blackish dorsal and caudal fins, frequently showing a thin white margin. The juveniles are light grey with a wide black mid-lateral stripe sandwiched by two thin white stripes extending from the tip of the snout to the base of the caudal fin. Specimens of adult fish living in deeper waters are frequently reddish in colour.

## Distribution and habitat

Lutjanus lemniscatus has an Indo-West Pacific distribution which extends from southern India and Sri Lanka east to Papua New Guinea. It is also definitely been recorded from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia and Malaysia. Reports from Pakistan and Mozambique need confirmation. In Australia its range extends from Shark Bay in Western Australia to Cooktown in Queensland, and May reach as far as South on the east coast as Noosa. This species occurs at depths between 0 to 110 m (0 to 361 ft). The adults are found offshore on reefs and in muddy habitats. The juveniles are occasionally recorded in the vicinity of coral reefs, frequently situated near the shore with moderate silting and poor visibility. The adults are normally found in very deep water.

## Biology

Lutjanus lemniscatus are found either singly or in small groups. It is a predatory species which feeds on fishes and benthic invertebrates.

## Fisheries

Lutjanus lemniscatus is caught using handlines, traps and sometimes bottom trawls. It is targeted by artisanal fisheries in India's Gulf of Mannar and is taken in some general snapper fisheries, for example in Indonesia, but separate data is not collected.
# Odrowąż, Radomsko County

Odrowąż is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielgomłyny, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Wielgomłyny, 20 km (12 mi) east of Radomsko, and 88 km (55 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Owen–Putnam State Forest

Owen–Putnam State Forest is a state forest in Spencer, Indiana. The forest offers hunting for squirrel, deer, and turkey as well as camping and trails for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking. The hardwood forests on the rolling hills of southern Indiana also include a 50-foot sandstone bluff.
# Abe-dera

Abe-dera (安倍寺) was a Buddhist temple established during the Asuka period in the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The temple no longer exists, and its ruins have been protected as a designated a National Historic Site since1970

## Overview

The temple ruins are located on the west side of an ancient road connecting the capital at Asuka] with Sakurai. The ruins are about 300 meters southwest of the well-known Abe Monju-in, and the entire area is said to have been the home of the Abe clan. According to the Nihon Shoki, the Abe were descendants of Emperor Kōgen, the legendary 8th emperor of Japan. Per early 12th-century records at Tōdai-ji, Abe-dera was founded in 645 AD as the Abe clan bodaiji by Abe no Kurahashi, the Sadaijin at the time of the Taika Reform. Nothing is known of the subsequent history of the temple, and it appears to have fallen into decline at the end of the Heian period, and was relocated to the Abe Monju-in at after a fire in the Kamakura period.
Archaeological excavations conducted in 1965 discovered that the temple site was 200 meters square, with the temple buildings orientated to the south. The layout of the temple was patterned after Hōryū-ji in Ikaruga, with the foundation platform for the Main Hall in the east and a 15-meters square foundation platform for a pagoda in the wes. TheLecture Hall was to the north, with a corridor connecting the Lecture Hall to the Middle Gate. The ruins of flat kiln adjacent to the north edge of the temple compound dates to the Kamakura period, and it is possible that tiles for the construction of Abe Monju-in were fired here.
The remains also include a square platform known traditionally as the "Nakamaro Yashiki", a long platform running north-south from the platform, and a triangular platform to the northwest of the eastern platform. This "Nakamaro" may refer to the famous Abe no Nakamaro, who was on the 717 Japanese mission to Tang China. Excavated artifacts include Yamada-dera-style round eaves roof tiles with single-petal lotus motifs and woven arabesque patterns, presumed to date from the temple's founding period, as well as earthenware, plain-patterned bronze mirrors and gold rings, with most of the artifacts dating from the mid-7th century to the Heian period. A rare find is a Tang Dynasty sancai animal foot (foot attached to a jar), of which only a few examples are known in Japan
At present, the foundations of the tower, main hall, and corridor have been restored and maintained as a historic park.
# Huseyin Biler

Huseyin Biler (born 26 February 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL League Two club AFC Wimbledon.

## Career

Biler signed his first professional contract for Wimbledon in July 2020.
On 15 October 2020, he joined Hendon on a one month loan deal. He made just one league appearance as a substitute in the 1-0 away loss to Poole Town on 17 October 2020.
Biler made his professional debut for Wimbledon in the EFL Trophy away loss to Oxford United on 2 February 2021.
On 18 February 2021, Biler joined National League South side Tonbridge Angels ahead of the planned resumption of their season, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic the season was not resumed and he did not make an appearance.
On 13 August 2021, Biler signed for National League South side Welling United on a season-long loan deal. However, the loan spell was cut short due to injury and he returned to Wimbledon after only three league appearances.
On 15 January 2022, Biler joined Merstham on loan until the end of the season.
Biler made his full league debut for Wimbledon on 19 November 2022 in a 2–0 away win against Tranmere Rovers and enjoyed a run of first team games until incurring a hamstring injury in early February 2023.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 22 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| AFC Wimbledon | 2020–21 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| AFC Wimbledon | 2021–22 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| AFC Wimbledon | 2022–23 | League Two | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| AFC Wimbledon | 2023–24 | League Two | 11 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| AFC Wimbledon | 2024-25 | League Two | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| AFC Wimbledon | Total | Total | 30 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 52 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 30 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 52 | 0 |
* 1 2 3 4 5 Appearances in EFL Trophy
# Okoń, Łódź Voivodeship

Okoń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Galewice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Galewice, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Depilex Smileagain Foundation

Depilex Smileagain Foundation is a Pakistani nonprofit organization, started by human rights activist Musarrat Misbah to provide medical treatment and financial aid to the female acid attack victims.

## History

Human rights activist Musarrat Misbah established the nonprofit organization Depilex Smileagain Foundation in Lahore in 2003, but officially registered it in 2005.
According to The Guardian in 2020, Misbah's Depilex salons were training and hiring acid burned victims and survivors.

## Awards and recognitions

In 2010, Misbah received the Pride of Performance award for her contributions to medical treatment and financial aid for burn and acid attack victims, particularly women, through her foundation.
Misbah was also honored by the Italian government on International Women's Day for her courage and commitment, becoming the first Pakistani woman to receive such recognition from Italy.

## Controversies

According to a 2017 report, since 2003, the foundation had provided medical treatment to approximately 760 victims. However, the majority of the victims succumbed to their injuries due to a lack of adequate facilities, despite the foundation receiving funding from the government and non-governmental agencies.
In 2010, the Islamabad High Court froze the bank account of Misbah for her alleged involvement in misusing funds received from national and international agencies for her foundation. The foundation had claimed to provide medical and financial aid to burn victims but allegedly collected funds from foreign charitable organizations based on these claims.
The organization also received a donation of two acres of land for the establishment of a hospital and training camps for burn victims. However, the project, estimated to cost PKR 380,000,000, was not completed.
# Hanna Hartman

Hanna Hartman (born 1961 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish composer, sound artist and performer.

## Biography

From 1982 to 1988 Hanna Hartman studied literature and theatre history at the University of Stockholm, 1989–1991 she studied interactive media at the Dramatiska Institutet (national college of film, theatre, radio and interactive media) in Stockholm, and 1992 at EMS (Elektronmusikstudion), also in Stockholm. Since 1991 she has been working as a freelance employee at the Swedish, Danish and German radio, whereby she was working as dramaturge at the department for radio play at the Swedish Radio in 1996. In 1998 she moved her own studio to Copenhagen, later (in 2000) to Berlin.
In 2008/2009 Hanna Hartman was "Composer in Residence" at the Swedish radio. 2010 she got a scholarship at "Villa Aurora" in Los Angeles (US). Her compositions have been played at numerous festivals, such as the Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik (2006), Darmstädter Ferienkurse (2012, 2014), Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival (2013, 2016, 2017, 2018) and at ECLAT in Stuttgart (2017).
In the field of electroacoustic music, Hanna Hartman has composed works for radio and ensembles, did sound installations and has given numerous performances all over the world.

## Discography

Albums
* Hanna Hartman (2003, Elektron)
* Longitude/Cratere (2005, Komplott)
* Ailanthus (2007, Komplott)
* H^2 (2011, Komplott)

## Awards

* Prix Europa (1998)
* Karl-Sczuka-Preis (2005)
* Phonurgia Nova Prize (2006, 2016)
* Villa Aurora grant (2010)
* Rosenbergpriset (2011)
* Karl-Sczuka-Preis (2021)
# Indian 5-rupee coin

The Indian 5 rupee coin is a denomination of the Indian rupee. The ₹5 coin was the highest denominated coin in the country until the minting of the ₹10 in 2005.

## Design of the coin

The Lion Capital of Ashoka is minted on the obverse along with the denomination below. In some ₹5 coins, the denomination alone was minted on the obverse and the Lion Capital minted on the reverse side.
The coins also are minted with the face of Indira Gandhi in her assassination and Jawaharlal Nehru during his 100th birthday anniversary.

## Features

* The 5 rupee Indian coin is minted with cupro-Nickel.
* The diameter of the coin is 31.1mm.
* The weight of the coin is 6.74 grams.
* The shape is circular.
* India portal
* Money portal
* Numismatics portal
# Butler oscillator

The Butler oscillator is a crystal-controlled oscillator that uses the crystal near its series resonance point. They are used where a simple low-cost circuit is needed which can oscillate at high frequencies (>50MHz) by using overtones of a crystal, and also giving low phase noise.
It was described by Butler in 1946 as the earthed grid oscillator, a derivative of the Hartley oscillator. It is also known as the bridged-T oscillator or the grounded-base oscillator.

## Circuit operation

The classic Butler oscillator circuit is a two-stage circuit with two non-inverting stages, a grounded base stage and an emitter follower. The crystal is inserted in series in the overall feedback path.
The more common modern form of the circuit uses just the emitter follower stage. The circuit may be analysed by considering it as an equivalent AC circuit with three parts. The emitter follower forms an amplifier with no phase shift. The crystal and its loading capacitor then produce a phase lag network, followed by the LC network of the resonant tank circuit. This then produces a phase lead, which overall meets the Barkhausen criteria for self-oscillation.
The Butler circuit is a free-running or tuned oscillator. If the crystal is replaced temporarily with a low value resistor, the circuit will still oscillate at approximately the design frequency of the tank circuit. This allows the circuit to be set-up and adjusted initially without the crystal, and also encourages the selection of the correct crystal harmonic. To avoid the circuit oscillating at the strong resonance of the crystal's fundamental, a small inductor may be placed in parallel with the crystal.
Both the better-known Pierce and Colpitts oscillator circuits may be considered as derivatives of the Butler.
# Danny Leiner

Daniel Leiner (May 13, 1961 – October 18, 2018) was an American film and television director. He was best known for directing the stoner comedy films Dude, Where's My Car? and Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle.
Leiner was born in Manhattan, New York, in 1961. Leiner also directed a wide range of television shows, including Arrested Development, Everwood, Gilmore Girls, Freaks and Geeks, Sports Night, Felicity, Action, The Tick, Austin Stories, The Mind of the Married Man, The Sopranos, and How to Make It in America. He also directed The Office episode "WUPHF.com".
Leiner died from lung cancer on October 18, 2018, at the age of 57.

## Filmography

* Time Expired (Short, 1992)
* Layin' Low (1996)
* Dude, Where's My Car? (2000)
* Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (2004)
* The Great New Wonderful (2005)
* Gary The Tennis Coach (2009)
# Carlos Castillo (Colombian footballer)

Carlos Alberto Castillo Ortíz (born September 30, 1975) is a Colombian football forward, who last played for Deportivo Pasto in the Copa Mustang.

## Career

Born in Barbacoas, Nariño, Castillo began playing youth football with Estrella Azul. He became a professional with Deportivo Cali.
# Graeme Wilson

Graeme Wilson may refer to:
* Graeme Wilson (translator) (1919–1992), British academic and translator
* Graeme Wilson (footballer) (1953–2014), Australian rules footballer and diplomat
# Battle of Gudermes

The Battle of Gudermes took place in December 1995. was a battle of the First Chechen War, in which Russian armed forces regained control of Gudermes. It was characterized by large losses among the civilian population and mutual accusations of genocide.

## Prelude

On July 30, 1995, a ceasefire agreement was signed between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, but in December, Chechen militants declared the region's independence in an attempt to sabotage elections falsified by federal authorities. In early December, they seized the administration buildings. These actions marked a return to the hot phase of the conflict.
The day before, the leadership of the Russian Armed Forces announced the start of an operation to take the city, which had been under the control of Chechen militants since December 14. According to TASS, the Russian command postponed the offensive so that civilians could leave the city.

## The battle

On December 14, fierce fighting broke out. Russian troops used artillery and aerial bombardment, which destroyed most of the city. On December 19, a ground assault on the city began. The most intense fighting took place near the railway station and the local military headquarters, where 150 Russian troops were surrounded by 600 CRI fighters. By December 23, the CRI units retreated on the orders of Aslan Maskhadov and the Russian Armed Forces established control over the city.

## Aftermath

According to official data, the Russian military (troops) suffered more than 100 killed or wounded as a result of the fighting. At least one Ural truck and at least two armoured personnel carriers were also destroyed. According to eyewitnesses who fled the city, the number of civilian casualties is in the hundreds. According to statements by local pro-Russian authorities, the actual losses among the civilian population are much lower.
Some of the residents who fled the city accused the rebels of looting. Many of the refugees interviewed claimed that the Russian Armed Forces were indiscriminately shelling areas where there was no fighting. Bukhari Muskhanov, 43, who was hiding with his family in a basement:
   Russian artillery fired from a hill near the TV tower, shelling every street. Within two days my children were sick and coughing, but every time we tried to leave the city the shooting became more intense.

## Reactions

Russian Interior Minister Anatoly Kulikov called the actions of the CRI Armed Forces genocide and said they were ready to sacrifice the last Chechen. Pro-Russian regional leader Doku Zavgayev justified the federal forces' actions and said Chechnya could not turn into another Afghanistan. In his opinion, the outcome was provoked by CRI fighters who had fortified themselves in the hospital, making it a military target.
# Richard Lim

Richard Lim may refer to:

## People

* Richard Soon Huat Lim, Australian politician
* Richard Lim Beng Gee (1951–2016), Singaporean police detective
* Richard Lim Cherng Yih, Singaporean civil servant and former Chief of Navy
# Dome Petroleum

Dome Petroleum Limited was a Canadian independent petroleum company that existed between 1950 and 1988. The company was founded as a subsidiary of Dome Mines and was built by Jack Gallagher, who remained with the company until 1983. In 1988 Dome Petroleum was purchased by Amoco.

## History

Jack Gallagher joined a group of investors in Dome Exploration (Western) Ltd. in 1950 and built it into the major Canadian oil company Dome Petroleum Limited (to which it was renamed in 1958). Gallagher was the sole employee for the first two years. However, James McCrea, who was instrumental in building Dome Mines into one of the giants of the Canadian mining industry, is credited with originally creating Dome Exploration (Western) Ltd. Charles Dunkley was Dome's third employee and became Dome's Senior Vice President and Gallagher's management partner. "Charlie" had a reserved management style and the pair worked well together, especially in the early days when they ran a tight management ship.
Dome's 20% tender offer for Conoco unintentionally began a takeover battle among several larger companies. Dome grew by making acquisitions in the energy industry, notably the 1981 acquisition of a 52.9% interest of Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company (HBOGC) through its wholly owned subsidiary, Dome Energy Limited. Dome was active mainly in Western Canada, the Beaufort Sea, and the Arctic islands. The company developed serious problems as a result of the 1986 drop in world oil prices and substantial debts from past takeovers. In November 1987, after months of negotiation, an agreement in principle was reached that led to Amoco Canada Petroleum Co Ltd buying Dome for $5.5 billion. This purchase was completed on 1 September 1988.

## Leadership
### President

* John Edward Patrick Gallagher, 1950–1974
* William Edmund Richards, 1974–1983
* John Macdonald Beddome, 1983–1988

### Chairman of the Board

* Clifford William Michel, 1950–1974
* John Edward Patrick Gallagher, 1974–1983
* John Howard Macdonald, 1983–1988
# Larkana Junction railway station

Larkana Junction Railway Station (Urdu: لاڑکانہ جوڑ اسٹیشن, Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو جنڪشن ريلوي اسٽيشن) is a railway station located in Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. It was built in 1891. The station is staffed and has a booking office.

## Routes

The routes are Larkana from linked to Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Nowshera, Hyderabad, Sibi, Sukkur, Attock, Mianwali, Dadu, Rahim Yar Khan, Shikarpur, Kotri, Rohri, Nawabshah and Jacobabad .

### Services

| Train Name | Train Code | Stations |
| Bolan Mail | 3 UP, 4 DN | Quetta, Machh, Sibi, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Larkana, Badah, Dadu, Sehwan Sharif, Kotri, Karachi |
| Khushal Khan Khatak Express | 19 UP, 20 DN | Peshawar, Nowshera, Attock, Mianwali, Dera Ghazi Khan, Jacobabad, Larkana, Badah, Dadu, Karachi |
| Passenger | 309 UP, 310 DN | Kotri, Sindh University, Sehwan Sharif, Dadu, Badah, Moenjo Daro, Larkana, Habib Kot, Sukkur, Rohri |
| Qalandar Express | 165 UP, 166 DN | Larkana, Badah, Dadu, Sehwan Sharif, Sindh University, Kotri, Landhi, Drigh Road, Karachi |