OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# King Peak (Nevada)

King Peak is the southernmost summit above 11,000 feet (3,400 m) in the Ruby Mountains of Elko County, in northeastern Nevada in the western United States. To the west is Rattlesnake Canyon, and to the east is Overland Creek Canyon, which drains into the Ruby Valley). The Ruby Crest National Recreation Trail passes just to the east on its way north from Overland Lake. The summit is located at about 29 miles (47 km) southeast of the community of Elko, in the Humboldt National Forest and the Ruby Mountains Wilderness.
The peak is named for Clarence King, who explored this region in 1869 during the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel and later became first chief of the United States Geological Survey.
# The Negotiation (FlashForward)

"The Negotiation" is the 20th episode of the ABC series FlashForward.

## Synopsis

On the day before the blackout, Mark (Joseph Fiennes) does everything he can to protect Gabriel (James Callis). Janis (Christine Woods) is ordered to kill Mark, but doesn't know if she can go along with this. Also, Aaron's (Brían F. O'Byrne) life is in danger when he gets closer to finding his daughter.

## Title sequence image

A metal flask (which actually does not appear in the episode).

## Reception

This episode was watched by 4.84 million American viewers with an 18–49 rating of 1.3. This episode received a 7.6 rating out of 10 by IGN. The A.V. Club gave the episode a D. Television Without Pity gave this episode a B−.
# Pappa Umanath

Pappa Umanath (5 August 1931 – 17 December 2010) was an Indian politician from the southern state of Tamil Nadu and a women's rights activist who co-founded the All India Democratic Women's Association in 1973. She was a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and was elected from the Thiruverumbur Constituency to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1989.

## Life and career

Pappa Umanath was born as Dhanalakshmi on 5 August 1931 in Kovilpathu, near Karaikal, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Puducherry, a Union Territory in India). Her mother, Lakshmi, alias Alamelu, moved to Golden Rock, Tiruchirappalli after her husband's death. Lakshmi started a canteen near the Golden Rock Railway Workshop for railway workers. The railway workers who came to the canteen used to call Dhanalakshmi "Pappa" (small girl), which became the origin of her name. At a young age, Pappa participated in several agitations along with her mother and railway workers.
Dhanalakshmi joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1945 and moved to Madras (now Chennai). In 1948, the CPI was banned by the Government of India and members of the party were arrested, including Dhanalakshmi, her mother, and a number of the party's leaders. In the jail, when members of the party went on a fast against authorities, her mother died after 23 days of fasting. Pappa was not allowed by the jail authorities to attend her mother's funeral, as she refused to quit the party.
In 1952, Dhanalakshmi married fellow party member R. Umanath in a self-respect marriage. She was arrested again during the Sino-Indian war. In 1964, her party split in two, and she joined the newly formed Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). She co-founded the All India Democratic Women's Association in 1973 and became its general secretary.
She contested the 1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election from Thiruverumbur Constituency, but lost. She won the election in 1989 but lost again in 1991.
She had three daughters, one of whom was U. Vasuki, a CPI(M) politician. She died on 17 December 2010 in Trichy.
# Zophodia phryganoides

Zophodia phryganoides is a species of snout moth in the genus Zophodia. It was described by Francis Walker in 1857. It is found on Hispaniola. There are at least two generations per year.
The larvae feed on Platyopuntia and Consolea species. They feed in the stem of their host plant.
# Nickel City

Nickel City may refer to:
* A nickname for Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
* A nickname for Thompson, Manitoba, Canada
* A nickname for Buffalo, New York, U.S.
# Thomas L. Hamer

Thomas Lyon Hamer (July 1800 – December 2, 1846) was a Democratic congressman and soldier in the United States.
Hamer was born in July 1800 in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. He was a school teacher before being admitted to the bar in 1821. He was an Ohio Presidential elector in 1828 for Andrew Jackson.
He practiced law in Georgetown, Ohio and was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1828, which body unanimously chose him as their Speaker in December 1829. As Speaker, he sought to maintain independence from party politics; although Jackson's supporters controlled a slight advantage over John Quincy Adams' supporters, he appointed Adams men as a majority in seven of the fifteen standing committees.$^{:344}$ When the Jackson caucus proposed enforcing party discipline during judicial elections, Hamer fought the proposal fiercely; envisioning a choice between the party candidate and the candidate he believed best qualified, he denounced a vote for the party candidate as perjury of his oath of office. These statements won him criticism from party stalwarts who deemed him unfaithful to the interests of his party.$^{:345}$
Following service in the House, Hamer was elected to the U.S. Congress. While serving as a congressman he nominated Hiram Ulysses Grant, the son of Jesse Root Grant, a constituent (the friend of his father-in-law), to be a cadet at West Point. Hamer incorrectly put on the nomination the name "Ulysses S. Grant" (assuming his middle name was his mother's maiden name of Simpson, the custom of the time) and the name stayed with the new cadet.
When the Mexican–American War broke out Hamer volunteered as a private in the Ohio Volunteers, and was quickly commissioned as a major in June 1846. Popular and well respected, Hamer was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers on July 1, 1846. He was placed in command of the 1st Brigade of William O. Butler's Volunteer Division of the Army of Occupation. He led his brigade with distinction into the fighting at the battle of Monterrey. When General Butler fell wounded, Hamer assumed command of the division. When Mexican General Pedro de Ampudia requested to discuss surrender terms, it was Hamer who delivered the message to General Taylor. While still serving in the army he was elected to another term in Congress but died unexpectedly while stationed with the army at Monterrey on December 2, 1846. Upon Hamer's death, General Zachary Taylor exclaimed "I have lost the balance wheel of my volunteer army" and Lt. Ulysses S. Grant also lamented that the "U.S. has lost a future president." Grant later described him as "one of the ablest men Ohio ever produced."
He was buried in his hometown of Georgetown, a few miles from his namesake village of Hamersville. Also named in his honor is Hamer Township in neighboring Highland County, Ohio.
* Headstone of Thomas L. Hamer located in Georgetown, Ohio.
* Grave marker of Thomas L. Hamer.
* Thomas L. Hamer Historical Marker next to U.S. Grant Boyhood Home
# Kinton Knob

Kinton Knob is a peak that is located in Bedford County, Pennsylvania.

## Geography

Kinton Knob marks the north end of Wills Mountain where it abruptly ends just southwest of the town of Bedford.
The mountain has an array of communication towers on its summit. Limited views are available from the top, especially in the winter season, of Blue Knob to the north and the Allegheny Front to the west.
# Western Civilization

%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete
#REDIRECT Western culture
# Plaza San Pedro

Plaza San Pedro is a shopping mall in Monterrey, Mexico, located in San Pedro Garza García on the Humberto Lobo Avenue almost in front of the Puente Atirantado and a block from Calzada del Valle/Calzada San Pedro. The shopping mall takes its name from the municipality it resides in. It has 150 shops.

## Attractions

Restaurants, shops, indoor ice skating rink, banks and various service centers Adjacent to Soriana San Pedro
# Mount Valhalla (Alaska)

Mount Valhalla, elevation (12,135 ft), is a glaciated summit located 34 mi (55 km) northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. It's set on land managed by Chugach National Forest. This remote mountain, fourth-highest in the Chugach range, is situated 6 mi (10 km) northeast of Mount Witherspoon, and 7.1 mi (11 km) north of Mount Einstein. It is named after Valhalla, the seat of the gods in Norse mythology. The mountain was named in 1957 by Lawrence E. Nielsen because the peak is "a fitting throne of the gods." Nielsen was a member of the first ascent party on July 1, 1957. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1965 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Valhalla is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Harvard, Nelchina, and Columbia Glaciers surrounding this mountain. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.
# Short-track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's 3000 metre relay

The women's 3000 metre relay in short track speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held between 10 and 18 February 2014 at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia.
The semifinal was held on 10 February with the final on 18 February.
The defending Olympic Champion and World Champion was China.

## Qualification

Countries were assigned quotas using a combination of the four special Olympic Qualification classifications that were held at two world cups in November 2013. For this event a total of 8 nations qualified to compete.

## Results
### Semifinals

The semifinals were held on 10 February.
| Rank | Semifinal | Country | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | South Korea | Shim Suk-hee Park Seung-hi Kong Sang-jeong Cho Ha-ri | 4:08.052 | QA |
| 2 | 1 | Canada | Marie-Ève Drolet Jessica Hewitt Valérie Maltais Marianne St-Gelais | 4:08.871 | QA |
| 3 | 1 | Russia | Olga Belyakova Tatiana Borodulina Sofia Prosvirnova Valeriya Reznik | 4:13.938 | QB |
| 4 | 1 | Hungary | Rózsa Darázs Bernadett Heidum Andrea Keszler Szandra Lajtos | 4:15.473 | QB |
| 1 | 2 | China | Fan Kexin Li Jianrou Liu Qiuhong Zhou Yang | 4:09.555 | QA |
| 2 | 2 | Italy | Arianna Fontana Lucia Peretti Martina Valcepina Elena Viviani | 4:11.282 | QA |
| 3 | 2 | Japan | Ayuko Ito Yui Sakai Biba Sakurai Sayuri Shimizu | 4:11.913 | QB |
| PEN | 2 | Netherlands | Jorien ter Mors Sanne van Kerkhof Yara van Kerkhof Lara van Ruijven | PEN | |

### Finals

The finals were held on 18 February.

#### Final B (Classification Round)

| Rank | Country | Athletes | Time |
| 4 | Russia | Olga Belyakova Tatiana Borodulina Sofia Prosvirnova Valeriya Reznik | 4:14.862 |
| 5 | Japan | Ayuko Ito Yui Sakai Biba Sakurai Sayuri Shimizu | 4:15.253 |
| 6 | Hungary | Rózsa Darázs Bernadett Heidum Andrea Keszler Szandra Lajtos | 4:24.496 |

#### Final A (Medal Round)

| Rank | Country | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| | South Korea | Shim Suk-hee Park Seung-hi Kim A-lang Cho Ha-ri | 4:09.498 | |
| | Canada | Marie-Ève Drolet Jessica Hewitt Valérie Maltais Marianne St-Gelais | 4:10.641 | |
| | Italy | Arianna Fontana Lucia Peretti Martina Valcepina Elena Viviani | 4:14.014 | |
| – | China | Fan Kexin Li Jianrou Liu Qiuhong Zhou Yang | | PEN |
# Turuvekere Assembly constituency

Turuvekere Assembly constituency is one of the 224 constituencies in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly of Karnataka, a southern state of India. It is also part of Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency.
M. T. Krishnappa is the current MLA from Turuvekere.

## Members of Legislative Assembly
### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1952 | B. Hutche Gowda | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |
| 1957 | T. Subramanya | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | B. Hutchegowda | Praja Socialist Party |
| 1967 | M. N. Ramanna | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | B. Bhyrappaji | Indian National Congress (Organisation) |

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1978 | Byrathi Manoj | Indian National Congress (Indira) |
| 1983 | B. Bhyrappaji | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | K. H. Ramakrishnaiah | Janata Party |
| 1989 | S. Rudrappa | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | H. B. Nanjegowda | Janata Dal |
| 1999 | M. D. Lakshminarayana | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2004 | M. T. Krishnappa | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| 2008 | Jaggesh | Indian National Congress |
| 2008^ | M. T. Krishnappa | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| 2013 | M. T. Krishnappa | Janata Dal (Secular) |
| 2018 | A. S. Jayaram | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | M. T. Krishnappa | Janata Dal (Secular) |
^by-election

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Turuvekere :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | JD(S) | M. T. Krishnappa | 68,163 | 42.51 | +4.30 |
| | BJP | A. S. Jayaram | 58,240 | 36.32 | −3.22 |
| | INC | B. M. L. Kanthraj | 30,536 | 19.04 | +3.03 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 588 | 0.37 | −0.25 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,923 | 6.19 | +4.86 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 160,338 | 87.75 | +3.02 |
| | JD(S) gain from BJP | JD(S) gain from BJP | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Turuvekere :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | A. S. Jayaram | 60,710 | 39.54 |
| | JD(S) | M. T. Krishnappa | 58,661 | 38.21 |
| | INC | Rangappa T. Chowdri | 24,584 | 16.01 |
| | Independent | M. Narayan Gowda | 4,566 | 2.97 |
| | Independent | M. D. Ramesh | 2,148 | 1.40 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 954 | 0.62 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,049 | 1.33 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 153,539 | 84.73 |
| | BJP gain from JD(S) | BJP gain from JD(S) | Swing | |
# Katherine Young

Katherine Young (鄭珣; Pinyin: Zhèng Xún) (May 10, 1901 – October 24, 2005) was an American centenarian who, at the age of 102 in 2003, gained publicity when she was described as the oldest known living user of the Internet.

## Biography

Born in a small Hakka village in the Fujian province during the final years of Late Imperial China, she attended Yenching University in the capital, then referenced as Peking. Raising four daughters with her husband, Paul T. J. Young, she lived through the tumultuous 1920s, along with the death and destruction of the Sino-Japanese War and World War II during the 1930s and 1940s. At war's end, with Mao Zedong's Communist armies poised to take over, the family escaped to Hong Kong, then Taiwan, and, in 1958, when Katherine Young was 57 years old, immigrated to the United States, settling in the California charter city of Palo Alto, along the San Francisco Bay Area.
In 1998, aged 97, and having served as president of the Rose Club in Palo Alto's Lytton Gardens Senior Communities, she decided to try something new and signed up for the retirement community's 12-week computer class which aimed to teach seniors how to use WebTV. By the conclusion of these sessions, she was logging on and became an activist for the cause of encouraging elders to use the Internet. A Pew Internet and American Life Project study showed that only 18% of Americans 65 and older get online, as opposed to 58% of the American population as a whole.
Five years later, on her 102nd birthday, she became a celebrity for being the oldest person to surf the Internet. She was feted with numerous birthday emails and an emailed sonogram of her great-grandson, who was born in August 2003. She studied Chinese genealogy on Google and, having been Rose Club president for 16 years, researched roses. She used email to communicate with her ten grandchildren and told reporters she checks for new messages as many as six times a day. From her apartment, she accessed the Internet via MSN TV (formerly WebTV) Internet service provider. Microsoft recognized her achievement and gave her a golden lifetime subscription.
Katherine Young died in Palo Alto almost six months past her 104th birthday. It has been noted that although she was considered the oldest known living user of the Internet, Audrey Stubbart who, until very shortly before her death five years earlier, in 2000, at age 105, was a columnist, copyeditor and proofreader for the Missouri newspaper Independence Examiner, used the then-early Internet at a slightly more-advanced age.
# Robin Sears

Robin V. Sears is a communications, marketing, and public affairs adviser. Sears joined the Earnscliffe Strategy Group in 2012 and was an NDP strategist for 20 years.
# Torres Obispado

Torres Obispado is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Monterrey, Mexico, which consists of a 305.3-metre (1,002 ft) mixed-use supertall skyscraper called T.Op Torre 1 and a 156-metre (512 ft) residential skyscraper called T.Op Torre 2. Upon completion, T.Op Torre 1 became the tallest skyscraper in Mexico, in Latin America, the 25th tallest skyscraper in North America, and the tallest in North America outside of the United States. The building will be the tallest in Latin America until the completion of the newest Senna Tower in the city of Balneário Camboriú in Brazil with 509 m (1,670 ft) tall.

## Description
### T.Op Torre 1

T.Op Torre 1 is mixed use and houses a Hilton Garden Inn, restaurants, office space, and residences.

### T.Op Torre 2

T.Op Torre 2 is primarily residential.
# Saurauia pentapetala

Saurauia pentapetala is a species of plant in the Actinidiaceae family. It is found in Malaysia and Thailand.
# By-elections to the 33rd Canadian Parliament

By-elections to the 33rd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 1984 federal election and the 1988 federal election. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada led a majority government for the entirety of the 33rd Canadian Parliament, though their number did decrease from by-elections.
Eleven seats became vacant during the life of the Parliament. Six of these vacancies were filled through by-elections, and five seats remained vacant when the 1988 federal election was called.
| By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained |
| Lac-Saint-Jean | June 20, 1988 | Clément Côté | Progressive Conservative | Lucien Bouchard | Progressive Conservative | Resignation | Yes |
| St. John's East | July 20, 1987 | James A. McGrath | Progressive Conservative | Jack Harris | New Democratic | Resignation | No |
| Hamilton Mountain | July 20, 1987 | Ian Deans | New Democratic | Marion Dewar | New Democratic | Resignation | Yes |
| Yukon | July 20, 1987 | Erik Nielsen | Progressive Conservative | Audrey McLaughlin | New Democratic | Resignation | No |
| Pembina | September 29, 1986 | Peter Elzinga | Progressive Conservative | Walter van de Walle | Progressive Conservative | Resignation | Yes |
| Saint-Maurice | September 29, 1986 | Jean Chrétien | Liberal | Gilles Grondin | Liberal | Resignation | Yes |
# USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

The USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences is the pharmacy school of the University of Southern California, originally established in 1905 as USC College of Pharmacy.

## History

In 1905, the USC College of Pharmacy opened, the first in Southern California. In 1918, it created the four-year Bachelor of Science in pharmacy degree program. In 1950, it established the nation's first Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program. The School launched the nation's first PharmD/MBA dual degree in 1990, the first PhD in pharmaceutical economics and policy in 1994, the first professional doctorate in regulatory science in 2008, and a translational science graduate program that merges science with clinical expertise. The USC College of Pharmacy established the nation's first Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program in 1950. Later, in 1968, the school introduced the nation's first clinical pharmacy program, and the first Master of Science in radiopharmacy. In 1974, the school relocated to the USC Health Sciences campus, where students and faculty had access to multidisciplinary medical facilities and the Los Angeles General Medical Center. In 1988, USC established the nation's first PharmD/MBA dual degree program, training students in both pharmacy and business administration.
On November 17, 2022, the University of Southern California released an announcement stating that the school will be renamed the USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and will receive a $50 million endowment for student scholarships, faculty recruitment and integrating a university-wide research infrastructure related to biomedical innovation across USC’s University Park and Health Sciences campuses.

## Academic departments

* Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy
* Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, based at the Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics
* Department of Regulatory and Quality Sciences

## Patient Care Settings

Patient care settings include Keck Hospital of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles General Medical Center, Huntington Hospital, Edward R. Roybal Comprehensive Health Center, and safety-net clinics including JWCH Institute, QueensCare, AltaMed Health Services.
The university owns and operates five pharmacies: USC Pharmacy (University Park Campus), Health Center Pharmacy (University Park Campus), USC Medical Plaza Pharmacy (Health Sciences Campus), USC Verdugo Hills Professional Pharmacy (adjacent to USC Verdugo Hills Hospital) and Keck Medicine of USC Specialty Pharmacy.

## Rankings and reputation

In 2024, USC School of Pharmacy was ranked 12th out of 141 pharmacy schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report.
# Rourkela Institute of Technology

Rourkela Institute of Technology (RIT), established in 1984, is one of the oldest diploma colleges in the western Odisha Sundergarh, India. It is situated in the city outskirts of Rourkela functioning at site of Kalunga. The college is affiliated under AICTE, New Delhi, Biju Patnaik University of Technology and SCTE & VT recognized under government of Odisha.

## Admission process

* The students for Diploma are admitted through DET Odisha National level entrance test.
* For students of Master degree (MBA and MCA) are admitted through OJEE.
# S. P. Sarguna Pandian

S. P. Sarguna Pandian (c. 1941 – 13 August 2016) was an Indian politician who was the deputy General Secretary of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in Tamil Nadu. She was also Social Welfare Minister in the assembly formed after the 1996 election.
She was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency as a DMK candidate in the 1989 and 1996 elections. She died on 13 August 2016.
# Vladimir Kosykh

Vladimir Ivanovich Kosykh (Russian: Владимир Иванович Косых; 23 May 1950 – 1 January 2025) was a Russian politician who was a deputy of the 1st State Duma (1993–1995).
Kosykh died on 1 January 2025, at the age of 74.
# Mount Washington (Cascades)

Mount Washington is a small mountain in the US state of Washington roughly 30 miles (48 km) east-southeast of Seattle, Washington along Interstate 90. It lies on the western margin of the Cascade Range just above the coastal plains around Puget Sound, and is southeast of nearby town of North Bend.
Once known as Profile Mountain, Mount Washington was named due to a cliff resembling a profile of George Washington when viewed from an angle.
The hike to the top of Mt. Washington is known for its view. Cedar Butte lies at the west end of the mountain.