# Outline of childhood

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to childhood:
Children – biologically, a child (plural: children) is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. Some definitions include the unborn (termed fetus). The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority. "Child" may also describe a relationship with a parent or authority figure, or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nature" or "a child of the Sixties."

## Child education

* Education reform
* Education
* Learning disability
* List of education topics
* Public education

### School

* School
* School run
* School uniform
* Student

#### Stages

* Educational stage
* Primary education
* Primary school
* Middle school
* Secondary education
* Secondary school

#### Methods and theories

* Bilingual education
* Boarding School
* Country Day School movement
* Homeschooling
* Montessori method
* Orff Schulwerk
* Outcome-based education
* Philosophy of education
* Phonics
* Prussian education
* Reggio Emilia approach
* Religious education
* Suzuki method
* Waldorf School

#### Instruction content and tools

* Abacus
* Educational programming language
* Language education
* Mathematics education
* Origami
* Philosophy for Children
* Physical education
* Reading education
* Reading recovery
* Recess
* Religious education as a school subject
* School corporal punishment
* School discipline
* Science education
* Writing development

### Elsewhere
#### Preschool

* Early childhood education
* Curricula in early childhood care and education
* Preschool
* Kindergarten
* Forest kindergarten

#### Childcare

* Child care
* Babysitting
* Governess
* Nanny
* Au pair

#### Extracurricular and informal

* After-school activity
* Children's street culture
* Extracurricular activity
* Music lesson
* Scouting
* Youth sports
* Youth system
* Unschooling

## Growth and development

* Child development
* Nature versus nurture

### Stages of formative period

* Child development stages
* Pregnancy
** Conception
** Embryo
** Fetus
* Infant
** Childbirth
* Child
** Early childhood
*** Early Childhood Development
*** Toddler
* Adolescence
** Preadolescence
** Puberty
** Entering Adulthood

### Aspects
#### Social development

* A three-month-old infant laughing in response to a caregiver (2012)Social emotional development
* Attachment Theory
* Attachment in children
* Child directed speech
* Language development
* Language acquisition
* Speech acquisition
* Baby talk
* Babbling
* Baby sign language
* Vocabulary Development
* Mama and papa
* Errors in early word use
* Crib talk
* Stranger Anxiety
* Westermarck effect
* Private speech
* Peer group
* peer pressure
* Friendship
* Imaginary friend
* Child sexuality
* Puppy love

#### Personal care

* Breastfeeding
* Baby bottle
* Infant bed
* Infant sleep
* Diaper
* Weaning
* Toilet Training

#### Physical development and growth

* First Steps, after Millet (1890), painting by Vincent van Goph depicts a young child learning to walkDevelopment of the human body
* Growth hormone
* Motor skill
* Gross motor skill
* Crawling (human)
* Fine motor skill
* Childhood development of fine motor skills
* Grasp

#### Intellectual and cognitive development

* Cognitive development
* Infant cognitive development
* Object permanence
* Mirror stage
* Comfort object
* Development of the nervous system in humans
* Learning
* Children's use of information
* Moral development
* Happy victimizing
* Theory of mind

### Complications and divergence
#### Innate

* Birth defect
* Developmental disorder
* Attachment theory
* Attention deficit disorder
* Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
* Autism
* Down syndrome
* Growth hormone deficiency
* Disability
* Intellectual disability
* Physical disability

#### In life

* Stillbirth
* Maternal death
* SIDS
* Maternal deprivation
* Infant mortality
* List of childhood diseases and disorders
* Feral child
* Infection in childcare
* Child poverty
* Childhood obesity
* Child prodigy
* Precocious puberty
* Delayed puberty

## Society and Law
### Family and guardianship
#### Relations

* Parent
* Mother
* Father
* Sibling
* Brother
* Sister
* Grandparent
* Aunt
* Uncle
* Cousin
* Extended family
* Stepfamily
* Godparent

#### Concepts

* Parenting
* Child custody
* Family law
* Adoption
* Orphan
* Inheritance
* Child support
* Incest taboo
* Surrogate mother
* Fathers' rights
* Illegitimacy
* Divorce
* Best interests
* Morality and legality of abortion
* Sex-selective abortion
* Voluntary childlessness

### Legal rights, responsibilities and restrictions

* Age limit
* Age of consent
* Age of criminal responsibility
* Age of majority
* Children's rights movement
* Children's rights education
* Minor (law)
* Voting age
* Youth rights

### Behaviour management

* Child discipline
* Corporal punishment
* Corporal punishment in the home
* Grounding (discipline technique)
* Juvenile delinquency
* Spanking
* Time-out (parenting)
* Young offender
* Youth detention center

### Child protection and welfare

* Child and Youth Care
* Child benefit
* Child labour laws
* Child protection
* Parental leave
* Residential care
* Foster care
* Orphanage
* Social services
* UNICEF – the United Nations Children's Fund
* Welfare

## Harm
### Child abuse

* Child sexual abuse
* Paedophilia
* Child pornography
* Child abuse
* Child neglect
* Child abandonment
* Child abduction
* Child murder
* Filicide
* Child selling
* Child slavery
* Infanticide
* Military use of children

### Vulnerable situations and possible abuse

* Child marriage
* Child displacement
* Child actor
* Child refugee
* Child labour
* Children in emergencies and conflicts
* Homelessness
* Ephebophilia

## History of children in society

* History of childhood
* History of children in the military
* History of early childhood care and education
* History of education
* History of the family

### Specific times and places

* Childhood in Maya society
* Childhood in the Viking Age
* Childhood in medieval England
* Childhood in Scotland in the Middle Ages
* Childhood in early modern Scotland
* Stolen Generations
* Effect of World War I on children in the United States
* Children in the Holocaust
* Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children

## Children's entertainment and leisure
### Media and literature

* Advertising to children
* Children's clothing
* Children's culture
* Children's literature
** Fairy tale
** Picture book
* Children's film
** Animation
* Children's music
** Nursery rhyme
** Lullaby
* Children's television series

### Toys and games

* Game
* List of children's games
* Play
* Playground
* Toy
* List of toys